Science, Faculty of
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of
DSpace
UBCV
Heberlein, David Rudi
Master of Science - MSc
University of British Columbia
In recent years our understanding of the genesis of porphyry copper systems has advanced to a sufficient level to be able to construct predictive models that enhance exploration for these deposits. Our understanding of primary and secondary geochemical dispersion around these deposits is not so advanced as variables such as climate and topography cause geochemical patterns to be distorted or masked at surface with the result of different deposits having quite different geochemical characteristics. In this study the geology and geochemistry of a porphyry copper-molybdenum from the Canadian Cordillera is examined with the aim of demonstrating how primary geochemical patterns are affected by the development of a supergene enrichment blanket and leached capping. Topographic controls on the extent of leaching and supergene enrichment are also explored. The Berg porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit is in the Tahtsa Mountain Ranges, approximately 84 km southwest of Houston, central British Columbia. Mineralized zones are centered on a circa 50 Ma composite quartz monzonite stock. Hydrothermal alteration zones are similar to those of the classic model by Lowell and Guilbert. Central zones are potassic (orthoclase and biotite) while peripheral zones are propylitic (chlorite, epidote, carbonate). Intense phyllic alteration (quartz, sericite, pyrite) occurs at the north and south margins of the stock. Hypogene mineralization (characterized by pyrite, chalcopyrite and molybdenite) is concentrated in an annular zone straddling the quartz monzonite contact. Best grades are localized in altered quartz diorite and altered and hornfelsed Telkwa Formation (Hazelton Group) volcanic rocks at the east side of the deposit. The nature of these altered hornfelsed rocks has been a subject for much debate in previous studies. One school of thought suggests that they are part of a hornfels aureole associated with the quartz diorite. Others suggest that it is an alteration zone associated with the quartz monzonite stock. Thirteen diamond drill holes on a north south cross section of the deposit were logged (GEOLOG) and sampled. Outcrop samples were collected where possible close to each drill hole. Major elements were determined by XRF, trace metals by flame AAS and fluorine by specific ion electrode. A sequential extraction was used to study the distribution of copper between different host minerals. The origin of the hornfelsed rocks is solved by field mapping and geochemistry. In the field cross cutting relationships show that the quartz diorite predates the stock and that the hornfels zone is spacially related to it. Major element binary and ternary plots demonstrate that significant amounts of potassium have been added to these rocks in the mineralized zone. This implies that biotite alteration was superimposed onto an earlier hornfels. Trace metal data was partitioned into anomalous and background populations with probability graphs. In the hypogene zone Cu, Mo and Ag occur in an annular zone corresponding with the mineralogically defined potential ore zones. Fluorine is anomalous over the area of the potassic alteration zone. Lead and zinc are anomalous in peripheral haloes around the potential orebodies. These zones can be traced to surface through an extensive supergene enrichment blanket and leached capping. Three zones of supergene mineralization are recognized: supergene sulphide (covellite, digenite, chalcocite), supergene oxide (malachite/azurite, cuprite, tenorite, native Cu) and leached capping. Sulphides are the dominant host for Cu throughout most of the deposit but locally on steep slopes where supergene oxide is developed Cu is hosted in carbonate and oxide minerals. Enrichment or depletion of elements in the supergene is demonstrated with interelement ratios. Enrichment factors can be derived in two ways: a) by ratioing supergene values to hypogene values, or, b) by ratioing to a constant (e.g. TiO₂ ) for each zone and then ratioing this value between zones. Enrichment factors of <1 therefore imply depletion and >1, enrichment (1=hypogene grade). Results show that all elements (studied) are enriched in the supergene sulphide and oxide zones. In the leached cap Cu, Mn and Zn are depleted while Mo, Pb and Ag are significantly enriched. These elements are incorporated into immobile limonite mineral's (ferrimolybdite, jarosite, goethite etc.).
HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION. AND ROCK GEOCHEMISTRY AT THE BERG PORPHYRY COPPER-MOLYBDENUM DEPOSIT, NORTH-CENTRAL BRITISH COLUMBIA. by DAVID RUDI HEBERLEIN I . S c , The U n i v e r s i t y of. Southampton, E n g l a n d , 1980 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES Dep a r t m e n t o f G e o l o g i c a l S c i e n c e s We a c c e p t t h i s t h e s i s as c o n f o r m i n g t o t h e r e a u i r e d s t a n d a r d THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA O c t o b e r , 1984 0 D a v i d R u d i H e b e r l e i n , 1984 In presenting t h i s thesis i n p a r t i a l f u l f i l m e n t of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of B r i t i s h Columbia, I agree that the Library s h a l l make i t f r e e l y available f o r reference and study. I further agree that permission for extensive copying of t h i s thesis for scholarly purposes may be granted by the head of my department or by his or her representatives. I t i s understood that copying or publication of t h i s thesis for f i n a n c i a l gain s h a l l not be allowed without my written permission. Department of The University of B r i t i s h Columbia 1956 Main Mall Vancouver, Canada V6T 1Y3 Date "Tl^H 2%/fgr~ DE-6 (3/81) Abstract In recent years our understanding of the genesis of porphyry copper systems has advanced to a s u f f i c i e n t l e v e l to be able to construct p r e d i c t i v e models that enhance e x p l o r a t i o n f o r these d e p o s i t s . Our understanding of primary and secondary geochemical d i s p e r s i o n around these deposits i s not so advanced as v a r i a b l e s such as cl i m a t e and topography cause geochemical patterns to be d i s t o r t e d or masked at surface with the r e s u l t of d i f f e r e n t deposits having q u i t e d i f f e r e n t geochemical c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . In t h i s study the geology and geochemistry of a porphyry copper-molybdenum from the Canadian C o r d i l l e r a i s examined with the aim of demonstrating how primary geochemical patterns are a f f e c t e d by the development of a supergene enrichment blanket and leached capping. Topographic c o n t r o l s on the extent of leaching and supergene enrichment are a l s o explored. The Berg porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit i s i n the Tahtsa Mountain Ranges, approximately 84 km southwest of Houston, c e n t r a l B r i t i s h Columbia. M i n e r a l i z e d zones are centered on a c i r c a 50 Ma composite quartz monzonite stock. Hydrothermal a l t e r a t i o n zones are s i m i l a r to those of the c l a s s i c model by Lowell and G u i l b e r t . C e n t r a l zones are p o t a s s i c (orthoclase and b i o t i t e ) while p e r i p h e r a l zones are p r o p y l i t i c ( c h l o r i t e , epidote, carbonate). Intense p h y l l i c a l t e r a t i o n (quartz, s e r i c i t e , p y r i t e ) occurs at the north and south margins of the stock. Hypogene m i n e r a l i z a t i o n ( c h a r a c t e r i z e d by p y r i t e , c h a l c o p y r i t e and molybdenite) i s concentrated i n an annular z o n e s t r a d d l i n g t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e c o n t a c t . B e s t g r a d e s a r e l o c a l i z e d i n a l t e r e d q u a r t z d i o r i t e a nd a l t e r e d and h o r n f e l s e d T e l k w a F o r m a t i o n ( H a z e l t o n G r o u p ) v o l c a n i c r o c k s a t t h e e a s t s i d e o f t h e d e p o s i t . The n a t u r e o f t h e s e a l t e r e d h o r n f e l s e d r o c k s has b e e n a s u b j e c t f o r much d e b a t e i n p r e v i o u s s t u d i e s . One s c h o o l o f t h o u g h t s u g g e s t s t h a t t h e y a r e p a r t o f a h o r n f e l s a u r e o l e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e q u a r t z d i o r i t e . O t h e r s s u g g e s t t h a t i t i s an a l t e r a t i o n z o ne a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e s t o c k . T h i r t e e n d i a m o n d d r i l l h o l e s on a n o r t h s o u t h c r o s s s e c t i o n o f t h e d e p o s i t w e r e l o g g e d (GEOLOG) and s a m p l e d . O u t c r o p s a m p l e s were c o l l e c t e d where p o s s i b l e c l o s e t o e a c h d r i l l h o l e . M a j o r e l e m e n t s were d e t e r m i n e d by XRF, t r a c e m e t a l s by f l a m e AAS and f l u o r i n e by s p e c i f i c i o n e l e c t r o d e . A s e q u e n t i a l e x t r a c t i o n was u s e d t o s t u d y t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f c o p p e r b e t w e e n d i f f e r e n t h o s t m i n e r a l s . The o r i g i n o f t h e h o r n f e l s e d r o c k s i s s o l v e d by f i e l d m a p p i n g and g e o c h e m i s t r y . I n t h e f i e l d c r o s s c u t t i n g r e l a t i o n s h i p s show t h a t t h e q u a r t z d i o r i t e p r e d a t e s t h e s t o c k and t h a t t h e h o r n f e l s z o n e i s s p a c i a l l y r e l a t e d t o i t . M a j o r e l e m e n t b i n a r y and t e r n a r y p l o t s d e m o n s t r a t e t h a t s i g n i f i c a n t amounts o f p o t a s s i u m h a v e b e e n a d d e d t o t h e s e r o c k s i n t h e m i n e r a l i z e d z o n e . T h i s i m p l i e s t h a t b i o t i t e a l t e r a t i o n was s u p e r i m p o s e d o n t o an e a r l i e r h o r n f e l s . T r a c e m e t a l d a t a was p a r t i t i o n e d i n t o a n o m a l o u s and b a c k g r o u n d p o p u l a t i o n s w i t h p r o b a b i l i t y g r a p h s . I n t h e h y p o g e n e z o n e Cu, Mo and Ag o c c u r i n an a n n u l a r z o n e c o r r e s p o n d i n g w i t h t h e m i n e r a l o g i c a l l y d e f i n e d p o t e n t i a l o r e z o n e s . F l u o r i n e i s a n o m a l o u s o v e r t h e a r e a o f t h e p o t a s s i c a l t e r a t i o n z o n e . L e a d and z i n c a r e a n o m a l o u s i n p e r i p h e r a l h a l o e s a r o u n d t h e p o t e n t i a l o r e b o d i e s . T h e s e z o n e s c a n be t r a c e d t o s u r f a c e t h r o u g h an e x t e n s i v e s u p e r g e n e e n r i c h m e n t b l a n k e t a n d l e a c h e d c a p p i n g . T h r e e z o n e s o f s u p e r g e n e m i n e r a l i z a t i o n a r e r e c o g n i z e d : s u p e r g e n e s u l p h i d e ( c o v e l l i t e , d i g e n i t e , c h a l c o c i t e ) , s u p e r g e n e o x i d e ( m a l a c h i t e / a z u r i t e , c u p r i t e , t e n o r i t e , n a t i v e Cu) and l e a c h e d c a p p i n g . S u l p h i d e s a r e t h e d o m i n a n t h o s t f o r Cu t h r o u g h o u t most o f t h e d e p o s i t b u t l o c a l l y on s t e e p s l o p e s where s u p e r g e n e o x i d e i s d e v e l o p e d Cu i s h o s t e d i n c a r b o n a t e and o x i d e m i n e r a l s . E n r i c h m e n t o r d e p l e t i o n o f e l e m e n t s i n t h e s u p e r g e n e i s d e m o n s t r a t e d w i t h i n t e r e l e m e n t r a t i o s . E n r i c h m e n t f a c t o r s c a n be d e r i v e d i n two ways: a) by r a t i o i n g s u p e r g e n e v a l u e s t o h y p o g e n e v a l u e s , o r , ' b) by r a t i o i n g t o a c o n s t a n t ( e . g . T i O ) f o r e a c h z o n e and t h e n 2 r a t i o i n g t h i s v a l u e b e t w e e n z o n e s . E n r i c h m e n t f a c t o r s o f <1 t h e r e f o r e i m p l y d e p l e t i o n and >1, e n r i c h m e n t (1=hypogene g r a d e ) . R e s u l t s show t h a t a l l e l e m e n t s ( s t u d i e d ) a r e e n r i c h e d i n t h e s u p e r g e n e s u l p h i d e and o x i d e z o n e s . I n t h e l e a c h e d c a p Cu, Mn and Zn a r e d e p l e t e d w h i l e Mo, Pb and Ag a r e s i g n i f i c a n t l y e n r i c h e d . T h e s e e l e m e n t s a r e i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o i m m o b i l e l i m o n i t e m i n e r a l ' s ( f e r r i m o l y b d i t e , j a r o s i t e , g o e t h i t e e t c . ) . - i v -A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t I w o u l d l i k e t o t h a n k t h e f o l l o w i n g f o r t h e i r s u p p o r t a n d h e l p w i t h t h i s t h e s i s : P l a c e r D e v e l o p m e n t L i m i t e d f o r p r o v i d i n g f i n a n c i a l a s s i s t a n c e , a c c e s s t o t h e B e r g p r o p e r t y , d a t a f i l e s a n d t h e i r a n a l y t i c a l f a c i l i t i e s . I w o u l d e s p e c i a l l y l i k e t o t h a n k Don R o t h e r h a m , P e t e r B r a d s h a w a n d I a n T h o m p s o n f o r t h e i r i d e a s a n d g u i d a n c e d u r i n g a l l s t a g e s o f t h i s s t u d y . W.K. F l e t c h e r , C . I . G o d w i n a n d A . J . S i n c l a i r who a d v i s e d me on t h e d i r e c t i o n a n d s c o p e o f t h e t h e s i s a n d p r o v i d e d i n v a l u a b l e h e l p i n p u b l i s h i n g C h a p t e r s 2 a n d 3. M a g g i e E l l i o t t , S t a n y a H o r s k y a n d E r n i e L e i t z f o r t h e i r a s s i s t a n c e i n t h e l a b o r a t o r y a n d , P a u l M a t y s e k , J o h n M i l f o r d , P e t e r H o l b e k f o r t h e i r i n t e r e s t i n g c o m m e n t s a n d my w i f e K i m f o r h e r h e l p i n p r e p a r i n g t h e f i n a l d r a f t o f t h i s t h e s i s . - v -TABLE OF CONTENTS A b s t r a c t i i Ac k n o w l e d g e m e n t v L i s t of F i g u r e s v i i i L i s t o f T a b l e s . . . x L i s t o f P l a t e s x i CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF THESIS 1 1.2 STUDY AREA 4 1.2.1 L o c a t i o n , T o p o g r a p h y and C l i m a t e '..4 1.2.2 P r o p e r t y H i s t o r y 5 1.2.3 R e g i o n a l G e o l o g y 7 1.2.4 P r o p e r t y G e o l o g y 8 CHAPTER 2. HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION AND MINERALIZATION AT THE BERG . DEPOSIT. 11 2.1 INTRODUCTION 11 2.2 HYPOGENE ALTERATION. . 12 2.2.1 P e t r o g r a p h y o f A l t e r a t i o n 13 2.2.1.1 O r t h o c l a s e zone ( I ) . . . 16 2.2.1.2 O r t h o c l a s e - b i o t i t e zone ( I I ) 16 2.2.1.3 B i o t i t e zone ( I I I ) 18 2.2.1.4 P h y l l i c zone ( I V ) . . . ' . .......20 2.2.1.5 P r o p y l i t i c zone ( V ) . . . . . . 24 2.3 POTASSIUM METASOMATISM OF THE TELKWA FORMATION VOLCANIC ROCKS 25 2.4 MINERALIZATION ..30 2.4.1 Ore M i n e r a l i z a t i o n 30 2.4.1.1 Hypogene d i s s e m i n a t e d m i n e r a l i z a t i o n 31 2.4.1.2 Hypogene v e i n m i n e r a l i z a t i o n 32 2.5 DISCUSSION • -37 2.5.1 E v e n t s p r i o r t o emplacement o f B e r g i n t r u s i o n ....... 37 2.5.2 Magmatic h y d r o t h e r m a l p r o c e s s e s 39 2.5.3 A l t e r a t i o n o f c o u n t r y r o c k s 45 2.5.4 T h e r m a l c o l l a p s e 48 2 . 6 CONCLUSIONS '. 50 CHAPTER 3. MODIFICATIONS OF PRIMARY GEOCHEMICAL PATTERNS BY LEACHING AND SUPERGENE ENRICHMENT 53 3.1 INTRODUCTION 53 3.2 GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 53 3.2.1 S a m p l i n g . . ' 53 3.2.2 Sample P r e p a r a t i o n and A n a l y s i s 55 3.2.3 Q u a l i t y C o n t r o l 57 3.3 RESULTS 57 3.3.1 G e o c h e m i c a l P a t t e r n s i n t h e Hypogene Zone: M a j o r E l e m e n t s 57 3.3.2 G e o c h e m i c a l P a t t e r n s i n t h e Hypogene Zone: T r a c e E l e m e n t s 59 3.3.3 G e o c h e m i c a l P a t t e r n s i n t h e S u p e r g e n e Zone and L e a c h e d Cap 62 3.4 DISCUSSION 67 - v i -3 . 5 C O N C L U S I O N S 6 8 C H A P T E R 4 . L E A C H I N G A N D S U P E R G E N E E N R I C H M E N T A T T H E B E R G D E P O S I T . . 7 0 4 . 1 I N T R O D U C T I O N 7 0 4 . 2 S U P E R G E N E Z O N A T I O N 7 2 4 . 2 . 1 S u p e r g e n e P r o f i l e s 7 3 4 . 2 . 2 L e a c h i n g a n d O x i d a t i o n I n d i c e s 7 9 4 . 3 D I S C U S S I O N 8 0 4 . 4 C O N C L U S I O N S 8 5 R E F E R E N C E S 8 8 A P P E N D I X A . A N A L Y T I C A L M E T H O D S 9 4 A P P E N D I X B . G E O C O D E R : A l i s t o f s y m b o l s a n d c o d e s u s e d i n GEOLOG . 10 ' 0 A P P E N D I X C . A N A L Y T I C A L R E S U L T S • 1 2 1 - v i i -L I S T O F F I G U R E S F I G U R E P A G E 1 . 1 L o c a t i o n o ' f t h e B e r g p o r p h y r y c o p p e r - m o l y b d e n u m d e p o s i t 3 1 . 2 L o c a l g e o l o g y a r o u n d t h e B e r g d e p o s i t . B e r g q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e i n t r u s i o n s ( c i r c a 5 0 M a ) c r o s s c u t h o r n f e l s r e l a t e d t o a n . o l d e r q u a r t z d i o r i t e i n t r u s i o n . . . . . . . 6 1 . 3 D e t a i l e d g e o l o g y a r o u n d t h e m i n e r a l i z e d z o n e a t t h e B e r g d e p o s i t s h o w i n g d i s t r i b u t i o n o f m a j o r r o c k u n i t s a n d a l t e r a t i o n z o n e s 9 2 . 1 C r o s s s e c t i o n s o f t h e B e r g d e p o s i t ( F i g ; 1 . 3 : s e c t i o n A - A ' ) s h o w i n g ' l i t h o l o g y f r a c t u r e i n t e n s i t y , a l t e r a t i o n z o n a t i o n a n d C u , M0S2 a n d o r e m i n e r a l a b u n d a n c e s . . . 1 7 2 . 2 M a j o r e l e m e n t t e r n a r y p l o t s t h a t c o m p a r e t h e b u l k c o m p o s i t i o n s o f t h e r e g i o n a l T e l k w a F o r m a t i o n v o l c a n i c r o c k s ( f i e l d A : f e l s i c m e m b e r s ; f i e l d B : m a f i c t o i n t e r m e d i a t e m e m b e r s ) w i t h a l t e r e d a n d h o r n f e l s e d r o c k s f r o m t h e m i n e r a l i z e d z o n e ( f i e l d c ) . . 2 7 2 . 3 C a O vs_ K ^ O p l o t d e m o n s t r a t i n g p o t a s s i u m e n r i c h m e n t i n t h e a l t e r e d T e l k w a F o r m a t i o n v o l c a n i c r o c k s f r o m t h e m i n e r a l i z e d z o n e 2 9 3 . 1 L o c a t i o n o f d r i l l h o l e s s a m p l e d i n t h i s s t u d y 5 4 3 . 2 S e q u e n t i a l e x t r a c t i o n p r o c e d u r e f o r d r i l l c o r e s a m p l e s . . 5 6 3 . 3 M a j o r e l e m e n t g e o c h e m i s t r y o f r o c k u n i t s f r o m t h e m i n e r a l i z e d z o n e . . . 5 8 3 . 4 E l e m e n t z o n a t i o n i n t h e h y p o g e n e , s u p e r g e n e a n d l e a c h e d : c a p p i n g z o n e s a t t h e B e r g d e p o s i t . E l e m e n t l i n e s r e p r e s e n t t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f a n o m a l o u s p o p u l a t i o n s ( T a b l e s 3 . 2 a n d 3 . 3 ) d e f i n e d f r o m p r o b a b i l i t y g r a p h s 6 1 3 . 5 R e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f c o p p e r b e t w e e n c a r b o n a t e , o x i d e , s u l p h i d e a n d s i l i c a t e m i n e r a l s i n t h e h y p o g e n e s u p e r g e n e a n d l e a c h e d c a p z o n e s . S t r i p p l o t s d i s p l a y t o t a l , c o p p e r ( d o t t e d s o l i d l i n e ) , s u l p h i d e c o p p e r ( s o l i d l i n e ) a n d o x i d e p l u s c a r b o n a t e c o p p e r ( d o t t e d l i n e ) . S h a d i n g o u t l i n e s t h e s u p e r g e n e e n r i c h m e n t z o n e 6 3 4 . 1 A s c h e m a t i c s u p e r g e n e p r o f i l e i l l u s t r a t i n g t h e v e r t i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n o f p r i m a r y a n d s e c o n d a r y m i n e r a l s . A b b r e v i a t i o n s a r e a s f o l l o w s : C A P = l e a c h e d c a p p i n g , S 0 X = s u p e r g e n e o x i d e z o n e , S U S = s u p e r g e n e s u l p h i d e z o n e , H Y P = h y p o g e n e z o n e , R S E = r e s i d u a l s u p e r g e n e e n r i c h m e n t z o n e , E S E = e n h a n c e d s u p e r g e n e e n r i c h m e n t z o n e , C c = c h a l c o c i t e , C p = c h a l c o p y r i t e , C u = n a t i v e c o p p e r / c u p r i t e , C v = c o v e l 1 i t e , D g = d i g e n i t e , F m = f e r r i m o l y b d i t e , G y = g y p s u m , L i = l i m o n i t e , M c = m a l a c h i t e / a z u r i t e , P y = p y r i t e , T n = t e n o r i t e . . 7 1 4 . 2 G r a f L o g s t r i p p l o t f o r t h e t o p 1 7 5 f t . o f B R G D H 0 7 6 . V e r t i c a l s u p e r g e n e z o n e s . a r e d e f i n e d f r o m g e o l o g i c a l d a t a i l l u s t r a t e d a t - v i i i -l e f t . G - S c a l e s y m b o l s ( A p p e n d i x B) i l l u s t r a t e m i n e r a l a b u n d a n c e s . G e o c h e m i c a l d a t a i s d i s p l a y e d as h i s t o g r a m s a t t h e r i g h t . . . 75 4.3 G r a f L o g s t r i p p l o t f o r t h e t o p 175 f t . of BRG DH078.... 77 4.4 'GrafLog s t r i p p l o t f o r BRG DH080 78 4.5 A s c h e m a t i c c r o s s s e c t i o n o f t h e B e r g d e p o s i t i l l u s t r a t i n g t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p between s u p e r gene z o n e s , w a t e r t a b l e (WT) , gypsum l i n e (GL) and t o p o g r a p h y . A r r o w s i n d i c a t e a p p r o x i m a t e p a t h s of g r o u n d w a t e r movement f r o m h i l l t o p t o v a l l e y f l o o r 84 - i x -L I S T O F T A B L E S T A B L E .. • P A G E 2 . 1 A l t e r a t i o n f a c i e s , z o n e s a n d s u b z o n e s a t t h e B e r g d e p o s i t 1 5 2 . 2 V e i n a n d a l t e r a t i o n e n v e l o p e m i n e r a l o g y . . . 3 3 3 . 1 A n a l y t i c a l p r e c i s i o n . . 5 7 3 . 2 T r a c e e l e m e n t p o p u l a t i o n s : h o p o g e n e z o n e ( n = 2 4 1 ) 6 0 3 . 3 T r a c e e l e m e n t p o p u l a t i o n s : s u p e r g e n e z o n e ( n = 9 8 ) 6 2 3 . 4 T i 0 2 r a t i o d a t a f o r d i a m o n d d r i l l h o l e B R G D H 0 8 5 . . . 6 4 3 . 5 T 1 0 2 r a t i o d a t a f o r d i a m o n d . d r i l l h o l e B R G D H 0 8 5 . . . . . . . . . 6 6 4 . 1 L e a c h i n g a n d o x i d a t i o n i n d i c e s • 8 0 L I S T OF PLATES PLATE 1.1 View o f t h e B e r g d e p o s i t f a c i n g n o r t h . Note t h e e l o n g a t e r i d g e t h a t d i v i d e s , t h e c i r q u e i n t o t h e Pump C r e e k ( l e f t ) and Red C r e e k ( r i g h t ) d r a i n a g e s . P o t e n t i a l o r e b o d i e s u n d e r l i e Red C r e e k v a l l e y . 2 1.2 View l o o k i n g s o u t h w e s t a c r o s s t h e d e p o s i t . The p r o m i n e n t r i d g e a t the l o w e r r i g h t o f t h e v i e w i s u n d e r l a i n by t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e p o r p h y r y s t o c k (QMP) the l a t e r q u a r t z f e l d s p a r p o r p h y r y dyke ( Q F P ) . 2 2.1 P e r v a s i v e o r t h o c l a s e a l t e r a t i o n ( z o n e I ) of q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e p o r p h y r y . The p a l e groundmass i s composed of f i n e g r a i n e d q u a r t z , p i n k o r t h o c l a s e ( O r ) and s e r i c i t e . L a r g e e u h e d r a l b i o t i t e c r y s t a l s a r e u n a l t e r e d ; p a l e g r e e n p l a g i o c l a s e p h e n o c r y s t s a r e p e r v a s i v e l y s e r i c i t i z e d 14 2.2 O r t h o c l a s e zone ( z o n e I ) a l t e r a t i o n i n q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e p o r p h y r y ( c r o s s e d n i c o l s ; s c a l e bar i s 1 mm). P h e n o c r y s t s of i g n e o u s b i o t i t e ( B i ) i s m a n t l e d by s e c o n d a r y h y d r o t h e r m a l o r t h a c l a s e ( O r ) , l o c a l l y marked by C a r l e s b a d t w i n n i n g ( c e n t e r of v i e w ) . P h e n o c r y s t a t the top r i g h t i s q u a r t z ( Q z ) ^ The groundmass i s a m o s a i c of q u a r t z , o r t h o c l a s e , . b i o t i t e , s e r i c i t e and opaque m i n e r a l s . . 14 2.3 O r t h o c l a s e - b i o t i t e zone ( z o n e I I ) a l t e r a t i o n of p l a g i o c l a s e b i o t i t e p o r p h y r y . Note t h a t f i n e g r a i n e d h y d r o t h e r m a l b i o t i t e i s p e r v a s i v e t h r o u g h o u t t h e a l t e r a t i o n e n v e l o p e a r o u n d a t y p e l a m i c r o v e i n . Type l b v e i n s c u t t h i s e a r l i e r a l t e r a t i o n .19 2.4 O r t h o c l a s e b i o t i t e s u b z o n e ( z o n e I I ) a l t e r a t i o n i n p l a g i o c l a s e b i o t i t e p o r p h y r y ( p l a n e p o l a r i z e d l i g h t ; s c a l e bar i s 1 mm). Note p r e f e r e n t i a l r e p l a c e m e n t of a b i o t i t e p h e n o c r y s t ( B i 1: r e d d i s h brown p l e o c h r o i s m ) by h y d r o t h e r m a l b i o t i t e ( B i 2: o r a n g e - b r o w n p l e o c h r o i s m ) a l o n g c l e a v a g e p l a n e s . The d i s s e m i n a t e d opaque m i n e r a l i s p y r i t e ( P y ) 19 2.5 B i o t i t e s u b z o n e a l t e r a t i o n ( z o n e I I I ) of h o r n f e l s e d T e l k w a F o r m a t i o n v o l c a n i c r o c k . Dark c o l o u r w i t h v e i n i n g t h a t d i s p l a y s o n l y weak e n v e l o p e d e v e l o p m e n t ( p o t a s s i c , when p r e s e n t ) i s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of t h i s z o n e . E q u i l i b r i u m , between v e i n s and p o t a s s i c a l l y a l t e r e d r o c k s i s i m p l i e d . . ' 22 2.6 B i o t i t e s u b z o n e a l t e r a t i o n ( z o n e I I I ) i n b i o t i t e h o r n f e l s ( p l a n e p o l a r i z e d l i g h t ; s c a l e bar i s 1 mm). Note h y d r o t h e r m a l b i o t i t e ( B i 2) o c c u r r i n g as d a r k f e l t e d masses a t t h e l e f t and c e n t e r of t h e v i e w 22 2.7 P h y l l i c a l t e r a t i o n ( z o n e I V ) of q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e p o r p h y r y . A l t e r a t i o n i n t e n s i t y i s r e l a t e d t o a h i g h d e n s i t y of v e i n f i l l e d f r a c t u r e s ( c f . P l a t e 2 . 8 ) . . . 23 2.8 P h y l l i c a l t e r a t i o n ( z o n e I V ) s u p e r i m p o s e d on h i g h l y f r a c t u r e d - x i -h o r n f e l s . T h i s l a t e r s t a g e of a l t e r a t i o n i s r e l a t e d t o t h e r m a l c o l l a p s e of t h e h y d r o t h e r m a l s y s t e m 23 2.9 P r o p y l i t i c . a l t e r a t i o n ( z o n e V) of b i o t i t e h o r n f e l s . T h i s d a r k g r e e n r o c k i s s o f t e r and l e s s m a s s i v e t h a n o r i g i n a l b i o t i t e h o r n f e l s a l t e r a t i o n ; o r i g i n a l h o r n f e l s i c t e x t u r e s a r e p r e s e r v e d . Note the o u t l i n e s of v o l c a n i c f r a g m e n t s ( d o t t e d o u t l i n e s ) . The v e i n a t t h e t o p of t h e s a m p l e i s a l a t e t y p e 3b c a r b o n a t e - c h l o r i t e - s p h a l e r i t e . v e i n 35 2.10 G r e e n p r o p y l i t i c a l t e r a t i o n ( z o n e V) of T e l k w a F o r m a t i o n v o l c a n i c f r a g m e n t a l r o c k . O r i g i n a l t e x t u r e s a r e c l e a r l y v i s i b l e . L i t h i c f r a g m e n t s a r e r e p l a c e d by c o a r s e e p i d o t e and rimmed by f i n e g r a i n e d e p i d o t e and c h l o r i t e . Groundmass has a t r a c h y t i c t e x t u r e . . 3 5 2.11 R e t r o g r a d e p r o p y l i t i z a t i o n of q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e p o r p h y r y ( c r o s s e d n i c o l s ; s c a l e bar i s 1 mm). I g n e o u s b i o t i t e ( B i ) , p a r t i a l l y e n c l o s e d i n q u a r t z ( Q z ) , has been pseudomorphed by i r o n r i c h c h l o r i t e ( C I ) . N ote a l s o t h e i n t e n s e c l o u d i n g of p l a g i o c l a s e p h e n o c r y s t s ( P f ) by f i n e s e r i c i t e a t b o t t o m of v i e w 36 2.12 R e t r o g r a d e p r o p y l i t i z a t i o n of p l a g i o c l a s e b i o t i t e p o r p h y r y ( p l a n e p o l a r i z e d l i g h t ; s c a l e b a r i s 1 mm). S e r i c i t i z e d p l a g i o c l a s e ( P f ) i s r e p l a c e d ' b y i r o n r i c h e p i d o t e ( E p ) . A b i o t i t e ( B i ) p h e n o c r y s t a t t h e b o t t o m l e f t of t h e v i e w has been r e p l a c e d by i r o n r i c h c h l o r i t e . ..36 P l a t e 4.1 V i e w t o w a r d s t h e head w a t e r s of Red C r e e k . Note t h e s t r o n g l y d e v e l o p e d g o s s a n ; y e l l o w a r e a s a r e j a r o s i t i c and o v e r l i e t h e p o t e n t i a l o r e b o d y . A c t i v e p r e c i p i t a t i o n of f e r r i c r e t e s i n c r e e k beds i n d i c a t e s t h a t l e a c h i n g p r o c e s s e s a r e a c t i v e t o d a y 86 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE OF'THESIS The B e r g p o r p h y r y c o p p e r - m o l y b d e n u m d e p o s i t i s an e x c e l l e n t e x a m p l e o f a w e l l e x p o s e d , u n d e f o r m e d c a l k - a l k a l i n e p o r p h y r y c o p p e r s y s t e m w i t h c l o s e s i m i l a r i t i e s t o t h e c l a s s i c model p r o p o s e d by L o w e l l and G u i l b e r t ( 1 9 7 0 ) . S p a t i a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s between r o c k u n i t s and m i n e r a l i z e d and a l t e r e d z o n e s a r e w e l l d ocumented as a r e s u l t o f many y e a r s of e x p l o r a t i o n d r i l l i n g and p r o p e r t y mapping by Kennco E x p l o r a t i o n s ( W e s t e r n ) L i m i t e d and more r e c e n t l y by P l a c e r D e v e l o p m e n t L i m i t e d . A Ph.D t h e s i s i n 1976 by P a n t e l e y e v ( 1 9 7 6 ) d e s c r i b e d t h e d e p o s i t o v e r a l l and showed t h a t m i n o r e l e m e n t s i n p y r i t e s f r o m d i f f e r e n t r o c k and a l t e r a t i o n t y p e s d i s p l a y a c r u d e z o n a t i o n a b o u t t h e d e p o s i t . A n o r t h s o u t h c r o s s s e c t i o n of t h e p r o p e r t y was s e l e c t e d f o r t h i s s t u d y on t h e b a s i s t h a t i t t r a n s e c t s a l l r o c k t y p e s , a l t e r a t i o n and m i n e r a l zones'. T h i s s t u d y s e t s o u t t o b u i l d upon t h e work of P a n t e l e y e v and p r o d u c e an i m p r o v e d model f o r t h e f o r m a t i o n of t h e d e p o s i t . P r i m a r y g e o c h e m i c a l p a t t e r n s a r e a l s o s t u d i e d w i t h t h e aim of d o c u m e n t i n g t h e p e r s i s t e n c e o f c e r t a i n t r a c e e l e m e n t s ( f r o m whole r o c k s a m p l e s ) t o t h e s u r f a c e t h r o u g h a w e l l d e v e l o p e d l e a c h e d cap and s u p e r g e n e e n r i c h m e n t z o n e . The aim o f t h i s a p p r o a c h i s t o d e m o n s t r a t e w h e t h e r a c h a r a c t e r i s t i c g e o c h e m i c a l s i g n a t u r e or ' f i n g e r p r i n t ' f o r t h i s t y p e of d e p o s i t w o u l d r e m a i n i n a h i g h l y l e a c h e d t e r r a i n . T o p o g r a p h i c e f f e c t s on t h e i n t e n s i t y of - 1.-P l a t e 1.1 View of t h e B e r g d e p o s i t l o o k i n g n o r t h . Note the e l o n g a t e c e n t r a l r i d g e t h a t d i v i d e s t h e c i r q u e i n t o Pump C r e e k ( l e f t ) and Red C r e e k ( r i g h t ) . P o t e n t i a l o r e b o d i e s u n d e r l i e the Red C r e e k v a l l e y . P l a t e 1.2 View l o o k i n g s o u t h w e s t a c r o s s t h e d e p o s i t . The p r o m i n e n t r i d g e a t t h e l o w e r r i g h t of t h e v i e w i s u n d e r l a i n by t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e p o r p h y r y s t o c k (QMP) and t h e l a t e r q u a r t z f e l d s p a r p o r p h y r y dyke ( Q F P ) . - 2 -F i g u r e 1.1 L o c a t i o n o f t h e B e r g p o r p h y r y copper-molybdenum d e p o s i t . - 3 -l e a c h i n g and s u p e r g e n e e n r i c h m e n t a r e a l s o e x p l o N r e d . C h a p t e r s 2, 3 and 4 were p r e p a r e d f o r p u b l i c a t i o n : C h a p t e r 2 a p p e a r i n g i n E c o n o m i c G e o l o g y , volume 79 ( H e b e r l e i n and God w i n , 1 9 8 4 ) ; C h a p t e r 3 i n t h e J o u r n a l of G e o c h e m i c a l E x p l o r a t i o n , volume 19 ( H e b e r l e i n e t a l . , 1983) and C h a p t e r 4 as p a r t o f a s h o r t c o u r s e t i t l e d " G e o c h e m i c a l ' E x p l o r a t i o n P r o g r a m D e s i g n " g i v e n a t t h e A s s o c i a t i o n of' E x p l o r a t i o n G e o c h e m i s t s Symposium, Reno, 1984 (Godwin e t a l . , 1984) 1.2 STUDY AREA 1.2.1 L o c a t i o n , T o p o g r a p h y and C l i m a t e The B e r g p o r p h y r y c o p p e r - m o l y b d e n u m d e p o s i t i n t h e T a h t s a Ranges o o of c e n t r a l B r i t i s h C o l u m b i a (53 49' n o r t h ; 127 22' w e s t ) , i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 84 km s o u t h w e s t o f H o u s t o n and 585 km n o r t h of V a n c o u v e r , B r i t i s h C o l u m b i a ( F i g . 1 . 1 ) . M i n e r a l i z e d z o n e s a t t h e B e r g b o w l ( P l a t e 1.1) on .the n o r t h e a s t d r a i n s w e s t i n t o B e r g e l a n d C r e e k , t e r t i a r y d r a i n a g e s ; Pump C r e e k i n s o u t h . L o c a l s l o p e s a r e m o d e r a t e l y t a l u s c o v e r e d a t l o w e r e l e v a t i o n s b u r y t h e main v a l l e y f l o o r but hav of B e r g e l a n d C r e e k ( P l a t e 1.2 and d e p o s i t un d er 1 i e a c i r q u e l i k e f l a n k of a g l ac i a t e d v a i l ey t h a t The c i r que i s d i v i ded i n t o two t h e n o r t h and Red C r e e k i n th e o o s t e e p (20 t o 30 ) and a r e ( P l a t e 1 . 1 ) . G l a c i a l t i l l d e p o s i t s e been i n c i s e d by t h e n o r t h f o r k F i g u r e 1 . 3 ) . O u t c r o p i s l i m i t e d t o - 4 -r i d g e c r e s t s a n d r u n o f f g u l l i e s a t h i g h e r e l e v a t i o n s , w h i l e e l e v a t i o n s i t i s r e s t r i c t e d t o c r e e k c h a n n e l s . L o c a l r e l i e f 1 , 2 0 0 m w i t h a m a x i m u m e l e v a t i o n o f 2 , 7 0 0 m ( M t . N e y ) . a t l o w e r r e a c h e s C l i m a t e o f t h e T a h t s a R a n g e s i s v e r y v a r i a b l e w i t h l o n g c o l d w i n t e r s a n d s h o r t w a r m s u m m e r s . I n t h e w i n t e r m o n t h s ( l a t e S e p t e m b e r t o e a r l y M a y ) t h e g r o u n d i s f r o z e n a n d t h e s u r f a c e s n o w b o u n d ; t h e e n t i r e r e g i o n i s s u b j e c t t o h e a v y s n o w f a l l a n d s t r o n g w i n d s . S p r i n g i s s h o r t a n d t h a w i n g p r o c e e d s t h r o u g h e a r l y M a r c h t o J u n e . D u r i n g t h i s t i m e f l a s h f l o o d s e n h a n c e d b y h e a v y s p r i n g s t o r m s a r e c o m m o n . T h e s u m m e r s e a s o n i s r e l a t i v e l y d r y , b u t s u d d e n r a i n s t o r m s a r e f r e q u e n t . I n d r y p e r i o d s s u r f a c e r u n o f f r a p i d l y d i m i n i s h e s a n d m o s t s m a l l c r e e k s d r y u p . 1 . 2 . 2 P r o p e r t y H i s t o r y T h e T a h t s a R a n g e s w e r e f i r s t p r o s p e c t e d i n t h e e a r l y 1 9 0 0 ' s a f t e r g o l d w a s d i s c o v e r e d n e a r S i b o l a M o u n t a i n . T o t h e l a t e 1 9 2 0 ' s s e v e r a l l e a d - z i n c - s i l v e r , g o l d - t u n g s t e n a n d c o p p e r s h o w i n g s h a d b e e n s t a k e d . I n 1 9 4 8 t h e L e a d E m p i r e s y n d i c a t e r e l o c a t e d c l a i m s , o r i g i n a l l y s t a k e d i n ' 1 9 2 9 f o r l e a d - s i l v e r , t h a t n o w f o r m p a r t o f t h e B e r g p r o p e r t y . T h e B e r g c o p p e r m o l y b d e n u m d e p o s i t w a s f i r s t r e c o g n i z e d b y v i r t u e o f i t s l a r g e g o s s a n a n d a s s o c i a t e d g e o c h e m i c a l a n o m a l y ( S t e w a r t , 1 9 6 7 ; P a n t e l e y e v , 1 9 7 6 a n d 1 9 8 1 ) . S u b s e q u e n t l y K e n n c o E x p l o r a t i o n s , ( W e s t e r n ) L i m i t e d s t a r t e d a n e x p l o r a t i o n p r o g r a m t h a t e v e n t u a l l y d i s c o v e r e d a n e x t e n s i v e s u p e r g e n e e n r i c h m e n t - 5 -LEGEND Intrusive Breccia Berg Quartz Monzonite Quartz Diorite Skeena Gp. Clastic Rocks Skeena Gp. Volcanic Rocks Hazelton Gp. Volcanic Rocks Hornfels Limit of Cu-Mo Mineralizatior Dike Fault Geologic Contact 1km SCALE f i g u r e i . z L o c a l g e o l o g y a r o u n d c n e d e r g a e p o s i t . tserg q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e i n t r u s i o n s ( c i r c a 50 Ma) c r o s s c u t h o r n f e l s r e l a t e d t o an o l d e r q u a r t z d i o r i t e i n t r u s i o n . - 6 -b l a n k e t o v e r hypogene c h a l c o p y r i t e and m o l y b d e n i t e m i n e r a l i z a t i o n . D r i l l i n g t o 1980 c o n f i r m e d r e s e r v e s of 308 m i l l i o n t o n n e s of 0.348% c o p p e r and 0.052% m o l y b d e n i t e ( w i t h a 0.25% Cu e q u i v a l e n t c u t o f f ; R o t h e r h a m , 1983, p e r s o n a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n ) . R e c e n t work has i n v o l v e d more diamond d r i l l i n g and m e t a l l u r g i c a l t e s t i n g by P l a c e r D e v e l o p m e n t L t d . 1.2.3 R e g i o n a l G e o l o g y The B e r g d e p o s i t i s c e n t e r e d on one of s e v e r a l E a r l y t o M i d d l e Eocene q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e p o r p h y r y s t o c k s ( F i g . 1.2) t h a t i n t r u d e M e s o z o i c H a z e l t o n and Skeena Group r o c k s i n t h e a r e a ( C a r t e r , 1974, 1981; W o o d s w o r t h , 1979, 1980; P a n t e l e y e v , 1 9 8 1 ) . H a z e l t o n Group r o c k s t h a t a r e w e l l e x p o s e d i n t h e v i c i n i t y of t h e B e r g d e p o s i t c o n s i s t of a s e q u e n c e of g r e e n , g r e y , r e d and maroon l i t h i c t u f f s , t u f f b r e c c i a s and f l o w u n i t s . C o n t a c t s w i t h t h e S k e e n a Group a r e a l m o s t e v e r y w h e r e i n t r u d e d by a q u a r t z d i o r i t e i n t r u s i o n ( P a n t e l e y e v , 1981: F i g . 1 . 2 ) . The o v e r l y i n g Skeena Group r o c k s a r e t y p i c a l l y a m y g d a l o i d a l and v e s i c u l a r a n d e s i ' t e s and b a s a l t s . Many of t h e f l o w u n i t s e x h i b i t t r a c h y t o i d a l t e x . t u r e s t h a t d i s t i n g u i s h them f r o m the H a z e l t o n Group f l o w u n i t s . E a s t of t h e p r o p e r t y t h e Skeena Group i s d o m i n a t e d by s e d i m e n t a r y . r o c k s t h a t o v e r l i e t h e l o w e r v o l c a n i c u n i t s and p i n c h o u t t o t h e n o r t h . T hese r o c k s a r e f i n e t o medium g r a i n e d s a n d s t o n e s and s i l t s t o n e s w i t h r a r e c o n g l o m e r a t i c h o r i z o n s . S t r u c t u r e i n t h e a r e a i s r e l a t i v e l y s i m p l e . P o o r l y d e v e l o p e d open - 7 -f o l d s w i t h n o r t h t o n o r t h e a s t a x i a l t r e n d s c a u s e l o c a l d i p s of 10 t o 30 d e g r e e s . N o r m a l f a u l t s and m a f i c d i k e s f o l l o w t h i s g e n e r a l r e g i o n a l t r e n d 1.2.4 P r o p e r t y G e o l o g y The a r e a of t h e m i n e r a l i z e d zone ( F i g . 1.3) was f i r s t d e s c r i b e d by S t e w a r t ( 1 9 6 7 ) and l a t e r by P a n t e l e y e v ( 1 9 7 6 , 1 9 8 1 ) . F i v e m ajor r o c k t y p e s a r e p r e s e n t . The most s i g n i f i c a n t f r o m an e c o n o m i c v i e w p o i n t i s a q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e s t o c k a p p r o x i m a t e l y 700 m i n d i a m e t e r t h a t i n t r u d e s and a l t e r s h o r n f e l s e d T e l k w a F o r m a t i o n v o l c a n i c r o c k s of t h e H a z e l t o n G r o u p . C o n t a c t s between' t h e a l t e r e d v o l c a n i c r o c k s and t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e s t o c k a r e r e g u l a r and s t e e p l y d i p p i n g ( e x c e p t on t h e west f l a n k of t h e s t o c k where t h e c o n t a c t d i p s s h a l l o w l y ) . F o u r i n t r u s i v e p h a s e s c o m p r i s e t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e s t o c k : a c o a r s e g r a i n e d p l a g i o c l a s e b i o t i t e p o r p h y r y ( P B P ) , a q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e p o r p h y r y (QMP), a q u a r t z p l a g i o c l a s e p o r p h y r y (QPP) and a p o r p h y r i t i c q u a r t z f e l d s p a r p o r p h y r y ( Q F P ) . The l a t t e r u n i t c u t s a l l o t h e r m o n z o n i t e p h a s e s and t h e a l t e r e d v o l c a n i c r o c k s t o t h e n o r t h and s o u t h of t h e s t o c k . An i n t r u s i v e b r e c c i a o u t c r o p s a p p r o x i m a t e l y 400 m e t r e s t o t h e s o u t h of t h e s t o c k and d i p s s t e e p l y n o r t h w a r d s t o w a r d s t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e c o n t a c t . A l t e r a t i o n p a t t e r n s f o l l o w t h e c l a s s i c s t y l e p r o p o s e d by L o w e l l and G u i l b e r t ( 1 9 7 0 ) w i t h a c o r e of p o t a s s i c a l t e r a t i o n - 8 -Rock Units Intrusive Breccia Quartz Feldspar Porphyry Quartz Monzonite Porphyry LEGEND Alteration Zones Ptogioclase Biotite Porphyry I KF- Qz Quartz Diorite 1 1 KF-Bi Altered Hornfelsed Tdkwa Fm. Ill Bi potassic Quarrz Plagioclase Porphyry 1 H J Hornfelsed Telkwa Fm. IV Qz-Se phyllic V CI - Ep propylitic F i g u r e 1.3 D e t a i l e d g e o l o g y a r o u n d t h e m i n e r a l i z e d zone a t t h e B e r g d e p o s i t s h o w i n g d i s t r i b u t i o n o f m a j o r r o c k u n i t s and a l t e r a t i o n z o n e s . - 9 -( o r t h o c l a s e and b i o t i t e ) s u r r o u n d e d s u c c e s s i v e l y by a t h i n p h y l l i c zone ( q u a r t z , - s e r i c i t e and p y r i t e ) and an e x t e n s i v e p r o p y l i t i c zone ( c h l o r i t e , e p i d o t e , a l b i t e and c a l c i t e ) t h a t e x t e n d s o v e r 1 km f r o m t h e d e p o s i t . S u l p h i d e m i n e r a l i z a t i o n p r i m a r i l y i s h o s t e d by a l t e r e d h o r n f e l s ( P a n t e l e y e v , 1976, 1981) c l o s e t o t h e c o n t a c t w i t h t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e s t o c k . T h i s a r e a a l s o c o r r e s p o n d s w i t h t h e o u t e r l i m i t of t h e p o t a s s i c a l t e r a t i o n z o n e . C h a l c o p y r i t e i s t h e p r i n c i p l e c o p p e r m i n e r a l i n t h e p o t e n t i a l o r e zone and i s a c c o m p a n i e d by m i n o r amounts of m o l y b d e n i t e . An e x t e n s i v e p y r i t e h a l o s u r r o u n d s t h e p o t e n t i a l o r e z o n e . S u l p h i d e s o c c u r d o m i n a n t l y as d i s s e m i n a t i o n s i n t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e and q u a r t z d i o r i t e and as v e i n s i n t h e h o r n f e l s e d v o l c a n i c r o c k s . S u p e r g e n e p r o c e s s e s a r e s t i l l a c t i v e a t B e r g . P r i m a r y s u l p h i d e s a r e b e i n g o x i d i z e d i n a zone of l e a c h i n g n e a r s u r f a c e . I r o n o x i d e s t h a t r e m a i n a f t e r o x i d a t i o n of t h e s u l p h i d e s f o r m a d i s t i n c t i v e " l i m o n i t e " g o s s a n . T h i c k f e r r i c r e t e p l a t f o r m s mark emergence of s u p e r g e n e w a t e r s . L i m o n i t e c o l o u r v a r i e s f r o m o r a n g e - y e l l o w ( j a r o s i t e r i c h l i m o n i t e ) t o brown or r e d - b r o w n ( g o e t h i t e and h e m a t i t e r i c h l i m o n i t e ) . - 10 -CHAPTER 2 HYDRO-THERMAL ALTERATION AND M I N E R A L I Z A T I O N AT THE BERG DEPOSIT 2.1 INTRODUCTION. P r e v i o u s work on t h e B e r g d e p o s i t has i d e n t i f i e d a c o n s i s t e n t z o n a t i o n of o r e and a l t e r a t i o n m i n e r a l s a b o u t t h e c e n t r a l q u a r t z , m o n z o n i t e s t o c k . E a r l y s t u d i e s ( S t e w a r t , 1967; Howard, 1973) r e c o g n i z e d t h e p r e s e n c e of two d i s t i c t p o t e n t i a l o r e z o n e s ; a n o r t h e a s t zone and a s o u t h e a s t zone s i t u a t e d c l o s e t o t h e c o n t a c t of t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e s t o c k i n p o t a s s i c a l l y . a l t e r e d r o c k s . P a n t e l e y e v ( 1 9 7 6 , 1981) r e f i n e d t h e g e o l o g y of t h e d e p o s i t and r e c o g n i z e d t h a t o r e m i n e r a l i z a t i o n i s most a b u n d a n t a t t h e e a s t s i d e of t h e d e p o s i t i n h i g h l y f r a c t u r e d , c r e s c e n t s h a p e d z o n e s w i t h i n " b i o t i t i c h o r n f e l s " and " b i o t i t i c q u a r t z d i o r i t e " . The o r i g i n o f t h e s e b i o t i t i c r o c k s was n o t r e s o l v e d i n t h e s e s t u d i e s . S t e w a r t ( 1 9 6 7 ) i m p l i e d t h a t t h e s e r o c k s a r e of c o n t a c t t h e r m a l o r i g i n a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e i n t r u s i o n o f t h e B e r g s t o c k . P a n t e l e y e v ( 1 9 7 6 , 1981) s u g g e s t e d t h a t a t l e a s t p a r t of t h i s zone i s of h y d r o t h e r m a l o r i g i n , but r e t a i n e d t h e t e r m ' b i o t i t e h o r n f e l s ' and p r o p o s e d t h a t t h e s e r o c k s may have been f i r s t t h e r m a l l y m etamorphosed by t h e q u a r t z d i o r i t e and t h e n h y d r o t h e r m a l l y a l t e r e d a f t e r emplacement of t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e s t o c k . The o r i g i n o f t h e b i o t i t i c r o c k s i s r e s o l v e d i n t h i s c h a p t e r u s i n g m a j o r e l e m e n t a n a l y s e s t o d e m o n s t r a t e t h a t p o t a s s i u m m e t a s o m a t i s m has o c c u r r e d and t h a t t h e r o c k s have been - 11. -h y d r o t h e r m a l l y a l t e r e d . H y d r o t h e r m a l a l t e r a t i o n z o n e s a r e r e d e f i n e d u s i n g d a t a c o l - l e c t e d d u r i n g t h e summer of 1980 and a model f o r t h e e v o l u t i o n o f t h e B e r g d e p o s i t i s p r o p o s e d t o e x p l a i n o b s e r v e d s p a t i a l and t e m p o r a l r e l a t i o n s h i p s o f o r e and a l t e r a t i o n m i n e r a l s . 2.2 HYPOGENE ALTERATION F a c i e s o f p e r v a s i v e hypogene a l t e r a t i o n a r e c h a r a c t e r i z e d by m i n e r a l a s s e m b l a g e s d e s c r i b e d w e l l by t h e t e r m s p o t a s s i c , p h y l l i c , a r g i l l i c and p r o p y l i t i c ( L o w e l l and G u i l b e r t , 1970; R o s e , 1 9 7 0 ) . I n t h i s s t u d y e a c h f a c i e s i s s u b d i v i d e d i n t o z o n e s b a s e d on c o n s i s t e n t m i n e r a l a s s e m b l a g e s , e a c h named a f t e r i t s d o m i n a n t m i n e r a l c o m p o n e n t ( s ) . F o r e x a m p l e , t h e p o t a s s i c a l t e r a t i o n f a c i e s can be s u b d i v i d e d i n t o t h e o r t h o c l a s e , o r t h o c l a s e - b i o t i t e , and b i o t i t e z o n e s . A d d i t i o n a l s u b z o n e s a r e e s t a b l i s h e d on d e t a i l e d m i n e r a l o g i c a l v a r i a t i o n s . These a l t e r a t i o n f a c i e s , z o n e s and s u b z o n e s ( T a b l e 2.1) a r e d i s t i n g u i s h e d f r o m o r e m i n e r a l z o n e s t h a t h o s t s u l p h i d e s as d i s s e m i n a t i o n s and i n v e i n s ( T a b l e 2 . 2 ) . The l a t t e r a l s o a r e named a f t e r t h e i r d o m i n a n t m i n e r a l s p e c i e s . A l t e r a t i o n can be i d e n t i f i e d i n t h e f i e l d f o r up t o 1,000 m fr o m t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e s t o c k , h o w e v e r , i t i s d e v e l o p e d b e s t i n and a d j a c e n t t o t h e i n t r u s i o n . I n F i g u r e 1.3, a p l a n of t h e d e p o s i t , a l t e r a t i o n f a c i e s ( T a b l e 2.1: z o n e s I t o V) a r e c e n t e r e d on t h e i n t r u s i o n . The o r t h o c l a s e and t h e o r t h o c l a s e - b i o t i t e z o n e s ( z o n e s I and I I ) o c c u r w i t h i n t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e p o r p h y r y and p l a g i o c l a s e - 12 -b i o t i t e p o r p h y r y ; t h e b i o t i t e zone ( z o n e I I I ) m a i n l y o c c u r s a d j a c e n t t o and o u t s i d e t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e s t o c k i n a l t e r e d , h o r n f e l s e d T e l k w a F o r m a t i o n and i n t h e q u a r t z d i o r i t e . P h y l l i c a l t e r a t i o n ( z o n e I V ) i s r e s t r i c t e d t o d i s c o n t i n u o u s z o n e s t h a t s t r a d d l e t h e n o r t h and s o u t h c o n t a c t s o f t h e s t o c k . P r o p y l i t i c a l t e r a t i o n ( z o n e V) f o r m s a b r o a d h a l o e x t e n d i n g f r o m a b o u t 500 m t o 1,000 m f r o m t h e i n t r u s i v e c o n t a c t . Zones I I , I I I and IV c o i n c i d e w i t h z o n e s o f maximum f r a c t u r e i n t e n s i t y ( F i g . 2.1) a n d , as shown l a t e r , a r e r e l a t e d to t h e o r e - f o r m i n g p r o c e s s e s a t t h e B e r g . Weak a r g i l l i c a l t e r a t i o n o c c u r s l o c a l l y ( F i g . 10 i n P a n t e l e y e v , 1981) and i s c h a r a c t e r i z e d by k a o l i n i t e a n d / o r m o n t m o r i 1 l o n i t e r e p l a c e m e n t of f e l d s p a r . C l o s e s p a t i a l a s s o c i a t i o n of t h i s a l t e r a t i o n w i t h p y r i t i c z o n e s a t f r a c t u r e d c o n t a c t s o f q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e and q u a r t z d i o r i t e i n t r u s i o n s w h i c h a r e more g e n e r a l l y c h a r a c t e r i z e d by p h y l l i c a l t e r a t i o n , i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e a r g i l l i z a t i o n i s p r o b a b l y s u p e r g e n e i n o r i g i n . C o n s e q u e n t l y , t h i s a l t e r a t i o n t y p e i s n o t d i s c u s s e d f u r t h e r i n t h i s p a p e r . 2.2.1 P e t r o g r a p h y o f A l t e r a t i o n M i n e r a l o g i c d e t a i l s o f t h e a l t e r a t i o n z o n e s a r e d e s c r i b e d , b e l o w , i n t h e o r d e r of t h e i r s e q u e n c e ( I t o V) i n T a b l e 2.1. T h i s i s s l i g h t l y d i f f e r e n t f r o m t h e i r s p a t i a l d i s t r i b u t i o n o u t w a r d f r o m t h e - 1 3 -P l a t e 2.1 P e r v a s i v e o r t h o c l a s e a l t e r a t i o n ( z o n e I ) of q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e p o r p h y r y . The p a l e groundmass i s composed of f i n e g r a i n e d q u a r t z , p i n k o r t h o c l a s e ( O r ) and s e r i c i t e . L a r g e e u h e d r a l b i o t i t e c r y s t a l s a r e u n a l t e r e d ; p a l e g r e e n p l a g i o c l a s e p h e n o c r y s t s a r e p e r v a s i v e l y s e r i c i t i z e d . P l a t e 2.2 O r t h o c l a s e zone ( z o n e I ) a l t e r a t i o n i n q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e p o r p h y r y ( c r o s s e d n i c o l s ; s c a l e b a r i s 1 mm). P h e n o c r y s t s of i g n e o u s b i o t i t e ( B i ) a r e m a n t l e d by s e c o n d a r y h y d r o t h e r m a l o r t h o c l a s e ( O r ) , l o c a l l y marked by C a r l e s b a d t w i n n i n g ( c e n t e r of v i e w ) . P h e n o c r y s t a t the top r i g h t i s q u a r t z ( Q z ) . The groundmass i s a m o s a i c of q u a r t z , o r t h o c l a s e , b i o t i t e , s e r i c i t e and opaque m i n e r a l s . - 14 -TABLE 2.1. A l t e r a t i o n F a c i e s , z o n e s and s u b z o n e s a t t h e B e r g D e p o s i t F a c i e s Zone ^ - Subzone 2 M i n e r a l o g y P 0 T 3 0 r t h o c l a s e ( I ) Or ,Ms,Bi,Mg,Cp ,Mo POT O r t h o c l a s e - B i o t i t e ( I I ) Or ,Bi,Ah,Ms,Mg ,Py ,Cp POT B i o t i t e ( I I I ) B i o t i t e - A n h y d r i t e B i ,Ah,Py,Cp,Mo ,Tz ,F1 PHY Q u a r t z - S e r i c i t e ( I V ) Ms ,Py,He,Ka,Mm PRO T r a n s i t i o n (V) B i o t i t e - C h l o r i t e B i , C l , P y , C p , C b PRO C h l o r i t e - E p i d o t e (V) CI ,Ep,Ab,Cb,Py ,Mg ,G1, SI ARG • Ka ,Mm,Py 1. Roman n u m e r a l s r e f e r t o a l t e r a t i o n z o n e s on F i g u r e 2.1 2. M i n e r a l a r e i n o r d e r of abundance and a r e c o d e d as f o l l o w s : A b = a l b i t e , A h = a n h y d r i t e , C b = c a r b o n a t e , C l = c h l o r i t e , C p = c h a l c o p y r i t e , E p = e p i d o t e , F l = f l u o r i t e , G l = g a l e n a , H e = h e m a t i t e , K a = k a o 1 i n i t e , M g = m a g n e t i t e , M m = m o n t m o r i l l o n i t e , M s = m u s c o v i t e ( s e r i c i t i c ) , M o = m o l y b d e n i t e , O r = o r t h o c l a s e , P y = p y r i t e , Q z = q u a r t z , S l = s p h a l e r i t e , T z = t o p a z . Q u a r t z i s u b i q u i t o u s t o a l l z o n e s . 3. P O T = p o t a s s i c , P H Y = p h y l l i c , P R O = p r o p y l i t i c and A R G = a r g i l l i e . 4. The a r g i l l i c k a o l i n i t e zone p r o b a b l y i s of s u p e r g e n e o r i g i n . c e n t e r of t h e d e p o s i t ( F i g . 1 . 3 ) . 2.2.1.1 O r t h o c l a s e zone ( I ) : P e r v a s i v e o r t h o c l a s e a l t e r a t i o n i s t y p i f i e d by a p i n k c o l o u r a t i o n of t h e r o c k due t o o r t h o c l a s e f l o o d i n g ( P l a t e 2.1) and i s r e s t r i c t e d t o t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e p o r p h y r y ( F i g s . 1.3 and 2 . 1 ) . I n t h i n s e c t i o n a f i n e g r a i n e d r e p l a c e m e n t of o r i g i n a l m i n e r a l s by a m o s a i c of o r t h o c l a s e , q u a r t z and s e r i c i t e i s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c ; r i m s of s e c o n d a r y o r t h o c l a s e a l s o o c c u r as o v e r g r o w t h s on p r e - e x i s t i n g f e l d s p a r p h e n o c r y s t s and b i o t i t e ( P l a t e 2 . 2 ) . I n t h i s zone p r i m a r y p l a g i o c l a s e i s i n v a r i a b l y c l o u d e d by f i n e g r a i n e d s e r i c i t e . I g n e o u s h o r n b l e n d e i s r e p l a c e d by f i n e g r a i n e d , f e l t e d masses of s e c o n d a r y b i o t i t e . P r i m a r y r e d d i s h b i o t i t e i s v a r i a b l y r e p l a c e d ; c o a r s e r c r y s t a l s show s i g n s of a l t e r a t i o n o n l y a l o n g g r a i n b o u n d a r i e s and c l e a v a g e p l a n e s ( c f . P l a t e 2 . 4 ) , but m a t r i x b i o t i t e i s c o m p l e t e l y r e p l a c e d by f e l t e d s e c o n d a r y b i o t i t e t h a t i s a d i s t i n c t i v e p a l e c h o c o l a t e brown c o l o u r i n t h i n s e c t i o n . A n h y d r i t e i s common i n t h e o r t h o c l a s e z o n e , o c c u r r i n g as e u h e d r a l c r y s t a l s i n t h e g r o u n d m a s s , i n v e i n e n v e l o p e s and as - f i l l i n g s o f vuggy c a v i t i e s i n e a r l y q u a r t z v e i n s . S u l p h i d e s , t h o u g h n o t a b u n d a n t i n t h i s zone ( l e s s t h a n 1 % ) , a r e m a i n l y c h a l c o p y r i t e t h a t o c c u r s as v e i n l e t s and d i s s e m i n a t i o n s . S e c o n d a r y m a g n e t i t e , i l m e n i t e and r u t i l e a r e u b i q u i t o u s . These m i n e r a l s a r e c l o s e l y i n t e r g r o w n w i t h s e c o n d a r y b i o t i t e or c h l o r i t e where t h e l a t t e r r e p l a c e p r i m a r y m a f i c m i n e r a l s . 2.2.1.2 O r t h o c l a s e - b i o t i t e zone ( I I ) : T h i s t y p e of a l t e r a t i o n ( T a b l e 2.1) i s b e s t d e v e l o p e d i n t h e p l a g i o c l a s e b i o t i t e p o r p h y r y - 16 -F i g u r e 2.1 C r o s s s e c t i o n s o f t h e B e r g d e p o s i t ( F i g . 1.3: s e c t i o n A-A') showing l i t h o l o g y , f r a c t u r e i n t e n s i t y , a l t e r a t i o n z o n a t i o n and Cu, MoS_ and o r e m i n e r a l a b u n d a n c e s . - 17 -( F i g s . 1.3 and 2 . 1 ) , however s i m i l a r a l t e r a t i o n i s f o u n d s p o r a d i c a l l y i n t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e p o r p h y r y . I n hand s p e c i m e n ( P l a t e 2.3) i t i s c h a r a c t e r i z e d by a t a n t o d a r k brown c o l o u r a t i o n of t h e groundmass f r o m f i n e g r a i n e d h y d r o t h e r m a l b i o t i t e . H y d r o t h e r m a l b i o t i t e s i m i l a r t o t h a t f o u n d i n t h e o r t h o c l a s e zone a l s o r e p l a c e s p r i m a r y , b i o t i t e ( P l a t e 2 . 4 ) . I n t h i n s e c t i o n s e c o n d a r y b i o t i t e e i t h e r has r e p l a c e d p r i m a r y b i o t i t e p h e n o c r y s t s ( P l a t e 2.4) or i s d i s t r i b u t e d as w h i s p s and f e l t e d masses a f t e r p r e - e x i s t i n g m i n e r a l s . H y d r o t h e r m a l b i o t i t e r a n g e s f r o m 5 to 10% of t h e r o c k as compared t o l e s s t h a t 1% i n t h e o r t h o c l a s e z o n e . O r t h o c l a s e on t h e o t h e r hand i s l e s s a b u n d a n t t h a n i n t h e o r t h o c l a s e z o n e , o c c u r r i n g i n v e i n e n v e l o p e s a r o u n d Type l a v e i n s ( T a b l e 2 . 2 ) . S u l p h i d e c o n t e n t i s s i m i l a r t o t h a t of t h e o r t h o c l a s e zone ( l e s s t h a n 1%) and p y r i t e t o c h a l c o p y r i t e r a t i o s a v e r a g e 3:1 ( F i g . 2 . 1 ) . 2.2.1.3 B i o t i t e zone ( I I I ) : The b i o t i t e zone of p o t a s s i c a l t e r a t i o n ( T a b l e 2.1) i s d e v e l o p e d b e s t i n r o c k s of more m a f i c c o m p o s i t i o n . T h e r e f o r e t h e b i o t i t e h o r n f e l s ( o r i g i n a l l y a n d e s i t i c t o b a s a l t i c v o l c a n i c r o c k s ) and t h e q u a r t z d i o r i t e ( 1 3 . 8 % m a f i c m i n e r a l s f o r t h e q u a r t z ' d i o r i t e compared t o 7.5% f o r t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e p o r p h y r y : P a n t e l e y e v , 1981) . e x h i b i t w e l l d e v e l o p e d b i o t i t e a l t e r a t i o n . The change t o a b i o t i t e zone o u t w a r d f r o m t h e o r t h o c l a s e zone i s c o n t r o l l e d by w a l l r o c k c o m p o s i t i o n . Two s u b z o n e s of t h e b i o t i t e z o n e , e x t e n d i n g o u t w a r d s f r o m - 18 -P l a t e 2.3 O r t h o c l a s e - b i o t i t e zone ( z o n e I I ) a l t e r a t i o n of p l a g i o c l a s e b i o t i t e p o r p h y r y . Note t h a t f i n e g r a i n e d h y d r o t h e r m a l b i o t i t e i s p e r v a s i v e t h r o u g h o u t t h e a l t e r a t i o n e n v e l o p e a r o u n d a t y p e l a m i c r o v e i n . Type l b v e i n s c u t t h i s e a r l i e r a l t e r a t i o n . P l a t e 2.4 O r t h o c l a s e b i o t i t e s u b z o n e ( z o n e I I ) a l t e r a t i o n i n p l a g i o c l a s e b i o t i t e p o r p h y r y ( p l a n e p o l a r i z e d l i g h t ; s c a l e bar i s 1 mm). Note p r e f e r e n t i a l r e p l a c e m e n t of a b i o t i t e p h e n o c r y s t ( B i 1: r e d d i s h brown p l e o c h r o i s m ) by h y d r o t h e r m a l b i o t i t e ( B i 2: o r a n g e - b r o w n p l e o c h r o i s m ) a l o n g c l e a v a g e p l a n e s . The d i s s e m i n a t e d opaque m i n e r a l i s p y r i t e ( P y ) . - 19 -t h e o r t h o c l a s e zone ( F i g . 2 . 1 ) , a r e t h e b i o t i t e - a n h y d r i t e s u b z o n e and t h e b i o t i t e s u b z o n e . Each i s c h a r a c t e r i z e d by t h e a p p e a r a n c e or d i s a p p e a r a n c e of s p e c i f i c m i n e r a l s ( T a b l e 2.1 and F i g . 2 . 1 ) . The b i o t i t e - a n h y d r i t e s u b z o n e ( T a b l e 2.1 and F i g . 2 . 1 ) , f i r s t d e s c r i b e d by S t e w a r t ( 1 9 6 7 ) as t h e ' q u a r t z - t o p a z z o n e ' and l a t e r by P a n t e l e y e v ( 1 9 8 1 ) as t h e ' b i o t i t e z o n e ' , o c c u r s i m m e d i a t e l y o u t s i d e •the i n t r u s i v e c o n t a c t . I t i s v a r i a b l e i n w i d t h and i s b e s t d e v e l o p e d a t t h e s o u t h e a s t e r n c o n t a c t of t h e s t o c k . Here i t i s t y p i f i e d by v a r i a b l e • amounts (15 t o 35%) of. f i n e ' g r a i n e d f e l t e d b i o t i t e t h a t g i v e s t h e r o c k a d a r k brown t o b l a c k a p p e a r a n c e i n hand s p e c i m e n ( P l a t e 2 . 5 ) . I n t h i n s e c t i o n e x t r e m e l y f i n e g r a i n e d b i o t i t e i s y e l l o w i s h brown t o o r a n g e - b r o w n . Q u a r t z v e i n s and e n v e l o p e s , more common n e a r t h e c o n t a c t of t h e s t o c k ( H o w a r d , 1 9 7 3 ) , i m p l y t h a t s i l i c a was added t o t h e r o c k d u r i n g p o t a s s i c a l t e r a t i o n . P u r p l e a n h y d r i t e i s c o n s p i c u o u s t h r o u g h o u t t h i s s u b z o n e and i s f o u n d i n q u a r t z v e i n s and as i r r e g u l a r g r a i n s , up t o 2 mm i n d i a m e t e r , i n t h e r o c k ( P l a t e 2 . 6 ) . O r t h o c l a s e , r a r e i n t h i s s u b z o n e , i s r e s t r i c t e d to a l t e r a t i o n e n v e l o p e s a r o u n d some q u a r t z - a n h y d r i t e - s u l p h i d e v e i n s . A u n i q u e f e a t u r e of t h i s s u b z o n e i s t h e p r e s e n c e i n v e i n e n v e l o p e s of t r a c e amounts of f l u o r i t e and t o p a z ( S t e w a r t , 1 9 6 7 ) . S u l p h i d e s a r e a b u n d a n t ( F i g . 2.1: up t o a b o u t 5% by v o l u m e ) i n t h e b i o t i t e - a n h y d r i t e s u b z o n e . Most o c c u r i n v e i n s but " d i s s e m i n a t i o n s a r e p r e s e n t . P y r i t e o c c u r s w i t h l e s s e r amounts of c h a l c o p y r i t e and m o l y b d e n i t e w h i c h i s most s i g n i f i c a n t i n t h i s s u b z o n e . P y r i t e t o c h a l c o p y r i t e . r a t i o s a v e r a g e a b o u t 2:1. - 20 -T r a n s i t i o n t o t h e b i o t i t e s u b z o n e ( T a b l e 2.1 and F i g . 2.1) i s marked by t h e d i s a p p e a r a n c e of ' a n h y d r i t e , t o p a z and f l u o r i t e ; t e x t u r a l l y b o t h z o n e s a r e s i m i l a r . I n t h e b i o t i t e s u b z o n e g h o s t o u t l i n e s of p r e - e x i s t i n g m i n e r a l s and t e x t u r e s o c c u r . S u b p a r a l l e l a l i g n m e n t of f e l t e d s e c o n d a r y b i o t i t e c r y s t a l s i n t h e groundmass o u t l i n e p r e - e x i s t i n g v o l c a n i c f r a g m e n t s t h a t become more a p p a r e n t o u t w a r d s i n t h i s s u b z o n e ( s i m i l a r t e x t u r e s have been r e p o r t e d -at t h e C h r i s t m a s p o r p h y r y d e p o s i t , A r i z o n a , by K o s k i and Cook, 1 9 8 2 ) . Due t o t h e f i n e g r a i n e d n a t u r e of t h e b i o t i t e i n t h i s s u b z o n e i t i s n o t p o s s i b l e t o d i s t i n g u i s h between m e t a m o r p h i c and h y d r o t h e r m a l b i o t i t e p e t r o g r a p h i c a l l y , t h e r e f o r e m i n e r a l a s s o c i a t i o n s , t e x t u r e s and r o c k c h e m i s t r y must be u s e d t o s e p a r a t e t h e b i o t i t e zone a l t e r a t i o n f rom t h e r m a l l y m etamorphosed r o c k s . M i n e r a l o g i c a l l y t h e a b undance of s u l p h i d e s i s t h e most d i a g n o s t i c f e a t u r e of t h i s s u b z o n e ( i t c o n t a i n s b o t h of t h e p o t e n t i a l o r e b o d i e s ) . P y r i t e t o c h a l c o p y r i t e r a t i o s o f 1:1 a r e common and t o t a l s u l p h i d e s r e a c h o v e r 5% by volume.. M o l y b d e n i t e g r a d e s , g e n e r a l l y l o w e r t h a n i n t h e b i o t i t e - a n h y d r i t e s u b z o n e , d e c r e a s e o u t w a r d s . 2.2.1.4 P h y l l i c .zone ( I V ) : A l t h o u g h s e r i c i t e f r o m t h e e a r l y p o t a s s i c a l t e r a t i o n e v e n t o c c u r s t h r o u g h o u t t h e d e p o s i t , i t i s most a b u n d a n t i n a l a t e r a l t e r a t i o n c h a r a c t e r i z e d by ( T a b l e 2.1) q u a r t z , p y r i t e and s e r i c i t i z e d f e l d s p a r s , e s p e c i a l l y p l a g i o c l a s e , i n e n v e l o p e s a r o u n d q u a r t z v e i n s t h a t c r o s s c u t e a r l i e r a l t e r a t i o n . Most i n t e n s e p h y l l i c a l t e r a t i o n o c c u r s a t t h e c o n t a c t o f t h e s t o c k and p a r t i c u l a r l y a t t h e n o r t h and s o u t h m a r g i n s ( F i g s . 1.3 and 2 . 1 ) . I n t r u s i v e u n i t s a r e more s t r o n g l y s e r i c i t i z e d ( P l a t e 2.7) t h a n - 21 -P l a t e 2.5 B i o t i t e s u b z o n e a l t e r a t i o n ( z o n e I I I ) of h o r n f e l s e d T e l k w a F o r m a t i o n v o l c a n i c r o c k . Dark c o l o u r w i t h v e i n i n g t h a t d i s p l a y s o n l y weak e n v e l o p e d e v e l o p m e n t ( p o t a s s i c , when p r e s e n t ) i s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c of t h i s z o n e . E q u i l i b r i u m between v e i n s and p o t a s s i c a l l y a l t e r e d r o c k s i s i m p l i e d . P l a t e 2.6 B i o t i t e s u b z o n e a l t e r a t i o n ( z o n e I I I ) i n b i o t i t e h o r n f e l s ( p l a n e p o l a r i z e d l i g h t ; s c a l e bar i s 1 mm). Note h y d r o t h e r m a l b i o t i t e ( B i 2) o c c u r r i n g as d a r k f e l t e d masses a t t h e l e f t and c e n t e r of t h e v i e w . - 22 -P l a t e 2.7 P h y l l i c a l t e r a t i o n ( z o n e I V ) of q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e p o r p h y r y . A l t e r a t i o n i n t e n s i t y i s r e l a t e d t o a h i g h d e n s i t y o f v e i n f i l l e d f r a c t u r e s ( c f . P l a t e 2 . 8 ) . fry*".- •i-f^* . Jf.*'5jj?' I P l a t e 2.8 P h y l l i c a l t e r a t i o n ( z o n e I V ) s u p e r i m p o s e d on h i g h l y f r a c t u r e d h o r n f e l s . T h i s l a t e r s t a g e of a l t e r a t i o n i s r e l a t e d to t h e r m a l c o l l a p s e of t h e h y d r o t h e r m a l s y s t e m . - 23 -a l t e r e d , h o r n f e l s e d v o l c a n i c r o c k s ( P l a t e 2 . 8 ) . F r a c t u r e i n t e n s i t y i s t h e main c o n t r o l l i n g f a c t o r on t h e i n t e n s i t y of p h y l l i c a l t e r a t i o n . Thus i n t h e c e n t e r of t h e d e p o s i t where r o c k s a r e r e l a t i v e l y u n f r a c t u r e d ( F i g . 2.1: l e s s t h a n o r e q u a l t o 10 f r a c t u r e s per m e t r e ) s e r i c i t i z a t i o n o n l y o c c u r s i n e n v e l o p e s a r o u n d some q u a r t z v e i n s . T o wards t h e i n t r u s i v e c o n t a c t , where f r a c t u r e d e n s i t i e s a r e maximum ( F i g . 2.1: up t o 100 per m e t r e ) , t h e r o c k can be t o t a l l y r e p l a c e d by s e r i c i t e as a r e s u l t of t h e o v e r l a p p i n g of a l t e r a t i o n e n v e l o p e s a r o u n d q u a r t z v e i n s . The s o u t h e a s t c o n t a c t of t h e s t o c k e x h i b i t s p e r v a s i v e s e r i c i t i z a t i o n of an i n t e n s i t y s u c h t h a t t h e o r i g i n a l r o c k ( q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e p o r p h y r y ) i s r e d u c e d t o a s o f t , p a l e c h a l k y r o c k t h a t i s c r o s s c u t by c l o s e l y s p a c e d ( F i g . 2.1: 50 t o 100 p e r m e t r e ) q u a r t z v e i n s ( P l a t e 2 . 7 ) . B l e a c h i n g of t h e r o c k s i s t h e r e s u l t of t h e c o m p l e t e d e s t r u c t i o n o f p l a g i o c l a s e f e l d s p a r and p a r t i a l a l t e r a t i o n o f o r t h o c l a s e and m a f i c m i n e r a l s ( b i o t i t e , h o r n b l e n d e and c h l o r i t e ) t o s e r i c i t e and s m a l l amounts of k a o l i n i t e . O t h e r m i n e r a l s f o u n d l o c a l l y i n t h i s zone i n c l u d e m o n t m o r i l l o n i t e , i l l i t e , c a l c i t e and h e m a t i t e . 2.2.1.5 P r o p y l i t i c Zone ( V ) : A t r a n s i t i o n a l zone ( T a b l e 2.1, and F i g s . 1.3 and 2.1: b i o t i t e - c h l o r i t e s u b z o n e ) e x i s t s b etween t h e p o t a s s i c a l t e r a t i o n f a c i e s and t h e p r o p y l i t i c zone and can be i d e n t i f i e d by t h e a p p e a r a n c e o f a b u n d a n t c h l o r i t e and a d e c r e a s e and e v e n t u a l d i s a p p e a r a n c e o f b i o t i t e ( t h e r m a l and h y d r o t h e r m a l ) o u t w a r d s f r o m t h e b i o t i t e a l t e r a t i o n z o n e . I n hand s p e c i m e n t h i s t r a n s i t i o n i s s e e n as a c o l o u r change f r o m a b l a c k or brown t o g r e e n ( P l a t e 2 . 9 ) . T h i s change i s marked by i n c r e a s i n g a b u n d a n c e s o f f i n e - 24 -g r a i n e d e p i d o t e , c h l o r i t e , a l b i t e and c a r b o n a t e . P y r i t e , d i s s e m i n a t e d a_nd i n v e i n s w i t h q u a r t z , c h l o r i t e and c a r b o n a t e i s t h e most a b u n d a n t s u l p h i d e i n t h i s z o n e ; g a l e n a and s p h a l e r i t e , h o w e v e r , o c c u r l o c a l l y i n some v e i n s ( P l a t e 2 . 9 ) . A l t e r a t i o n e n v e l o p e s a r e s e r i c i t i c b u t p o o r l y d e v e l o p e d . F r a g m e n t s i n v o l c a n i c r o c k s , p r e s e r v e d as g h o s t o u t l i n e s i n t h e b i o t i t e s u b z o n e , become p r o n o u n c e d w i t h d i s t a n c e f r o m t h e s t o c k i n t h e p r o p y l i t i c zone ( P l a t e 2 . 1 0 ) . The c o r e s of f r a g m e n t s a r e o f t e n r e p l a c e d by c o a r s e e p i d o t e and t h e m a r g i n s a r e r e p l a c e d by f i n e r e p i d o t e and c h l o r i t e . I n f l o w u n i t s b i o t i t e d e c r e a s e s i n abundance u n t i l none i s p r e s e n t , w h e r e a s i r o n r i c h c h l o r i t e (c_f_. D a h l and N o r t o n , 1967) i n c r e a s e s i n a b u n d a n c e and f o r m s i r r e g u l a r masses i n t h e g r o u n d m a s s . C h l o r i t e , e p i d o t e and c a r b o n a t e a r e a l s o f o u n d i n t h e o r t h o c l a s e , o r t h o c l a s e - b i o t i t e and b i o t i t e z o n e s . T h i s a s s e m b l a g e i s r e l a t e d t o r e t r o g r a d e p r o p y 1 i t i z a t i o n c a u s e d by t h e r m a l c o l l a p s e of t h e h y d r o t h e r m a l s y s t e m ( s e e d i s c u s s i o n ) . Where r e t r o g r a d e p r o p y l i t i z a t i o n o c c u r s i t i s g e n e r a l l y r e s t r i c t e d t o , or s p a t i a l l y r e l a t e d t o , c h l o r i t e - c a r b o n a t e - s p h a l e r i t e v e i n s ( T a b l e 2.2: t y p e 3 b ) . T h i s i s most common i n t h e p o r p h y r y s t o c k where b i o t i t e i s r e p l a c e d by i r o n - r i c h c h l o r i t e ( P l a t e 2.11) and p l a g i o c l a s e p h e n o c r y s t s a r e r e p l a c e d ' by e p i d o t e ( P l a t e 2 . 1 2 ) . 2.3 POTASSIUM METASOMATISM OF THE TELKWA FORMATION VOLCANIC ROCKS P r e v i o u s s t u d i e s of t h e B e r g d e p o s i t a r e a m b i g u o u s a b o u t t h e - 25 -o r i g i n o f t h e b i o t i t i z e d . r o c k s t h a t c h a r a c t e r i z e much of t h e m i n e r a l i z e d zone .. P a n t e l e y e v ( 1 9 8 1 ) u s e d t h e t e r m ' b i o t i t e h o r n f e l s ' t o d e s c r i b e t h i s u n i t but he s u g g e s t e d t h a t b o t h t r u e h o r n f e l s ( i so c h e m i c a l ) and m e t a s o m a t i c r o c k s a r e p r e s e n t ( c f . . S u t h e r l a n d Brown, 1 9 6 7 ) . Thus t h e s e a u t h o r s n o t e d t h a t t h e s e c o n d a r y b i o t i t e c o u l d n o t be a s c r i b e d d o m i n a n t l y as h a v i n g e i t h e r a c o n t a c t - t h e r m a l m e t a m o r p h i c or a h y d r o t h e r m a l m e t a s o m a t i c o r i g i n . A d i s t i n c t i o n can be made c h e m i c a l l y by d e f i n i n g h o r n f e l s i n g as i n s i t u r e c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n of a r o c k w i t h l i t t l e c h e m i c a l g a i n or l o s s , and m e t a s o m a t i s m as an a l t e r a t i o n i n v o l v i n g s i g n i f i c a n t e x c h a n g e o f c h e m i c a l c o m p o n e n t s between w a l l r o c k and a h y d r o t h e r m a l s o l u t i o n . The l a t t e r p r o c e s s i s c a u s e d by f l u i d s p e r m e a t i n g and r e a c t i n g w i t h t h e r o c k ; t h e r e f o r e f r a c t u r e i n t e n s i t y i s an i m p o r t a n t c o n t r o l on m e t a s o m a t i c a l t e r a t i o n and c o n s a n g u i n o u s o r e m i n e r a l i z a t i o n . I n t h e v o l c a n i c r o c k s a d j a c e n t t o t h e m i n e r a l i z e d zone t h e main p o t a s s i u m b e a r i n g m i n e r a l i s b i o t i t e ; o r t h o c l a s e , s e r i c i t e and c l a y m i n e r a l s on a v e r a g e make up l e s s t h a n 1% of t h e r o c k . T h e r e f o r e t h e p e r c e n t a g e o f b i o t i t e i n t h e r o c k can be u s e d i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h K 0% t o d i s t i n g u i s h t h e r m a l l y a l t e r e d f r o m m e t a s o m a t i z e d r o c k . I n 2 l i m i t e d a r e a s b i o t i t e c o n t e n t s o f 10% t o 20% a r e c o m p a t i b l e w i t h those- e x p e c t e d f r o m t h e i s o c h e m i c a l r e c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n of an i n t e r m e d i a t e t o m a f i c v o l c a n i c r o c k w i t h a K 0 c o n t e n t of 1.0 t o " 2 1.5% ( 1 % K 0 w i l l f o r m up to 14% b i o t i t e ) . I n t h e p o t e n t i a l o r e 2 z o n e , p a r t i c u l a r l y where m i n e r a l i z a t i o n i s e v i d e n t , b i o t i t e c o n t e n t s - 26 -r b AI203*Fe20-(K20 •Na20*CaO) (CaO*MgO*Na20) 2CaO Kp+Nap 2K20 a L F i g u r e 2.2 Major e l e m e n t t e r n a r y p l o t s t h a t compare t h e b u l k c o m p o s i t i o n s o f t h e r e g i o n a l Telkwa F o r m a t i o n v o l c a n i c r o c k s ( f i e l d A: f e l s i c members; f i e l d B: m a f i c t o i n t e r m e d i a t e members) w i t h a l t e r e d and h o r n f e l s e d r o c k s from t h e m i n e r a l i z e d . z o n e ( f i e l d C ) . r e a c h 50% (K 0 v a l u e s f r o m 5.0% t o 7.5%) i n d i c a t i n g a d d i t i o n of 2 p o t a s s i u m . Whole r o c k c h e m i s t r y of t h e ' a l t e r e d ' v o l c a n i c s i n t h e v i c i n i t y o f t h e m i n e r a l i z e d zone compared t o t h e c h e m i s t r y of r e l a t i v e l y f r e s h , a l b e i t d i s t a n t , r e g i o n a l e q u i v a l e n t s ( T i p p e r and R i c h a r d s , 1976) d e m o n s t r a t e s t h i s g a i n i n p o t a s s i u m . T h i s i s i l l u s t r a t e d i n F i g u r e 2.2a, a t e r n a r y p l o t o f 2 x K 0 v_s A l 0 + 2 2 3 Fe 0 - (K 0 + Na 0 + CaO) vs. (CaO + MgO + Na 0 ) , where 2 3 2 2 2 r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s a m p l e s o f B e r g a l t e r e d v o l c a n i c s ( f i e l d C) and r e g i o n a l e q u i v a l e n t s o f t h e T e l k w a F o r m a t i o n v o l c a n i c s ( f i e l d s A and B) have been p l o t t e d . F i g u r e 2.2a shows t h a t t h e T e l k w a F o r m a t i o n r o c k s p l o t i n two d i s t i n c t f i e l d s , a low K 0 f i e l d (A) c o n t a i n i n g 2 i n t e r m e d i a t e and m a f i c v o l c a n i c r o c k s , and a h i g h K 0 f i e l d ( B ) 2 r e p r e s e n t i n g f e l s i c v o l c a n i c s r o c k s . B e r g a l t e r e d v o l c a n i c a n a l y s e s (C) c l u s t e r i n t h e h i g h K 0 f i e l d . L i t h o l o g i c a 1 1 y , h o w e v e r , t h e y a r e 2 r e p r e s e n t a t i v e of t h e i n t e r m e d i a t e and' m a f i c v o l c a n i c r o c k s of t h e T e l k w a F o r m a t i o n ( P a n t e l e y e v , 1981; van der Heyden, 1983, p e r s o n a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n ) . F i g u r e 2.2b i s a t e r n a r y p l o t of 2 x CaO v_s_ A l 0 + Fe 0 -2 3 2 3 (K 0 + Na 0 + CaO) vs K 0 +Na 0. Here T e l k w a F o r m a t i o n v o l c a n i c 2 2 . 2 2' r o c k s p l o t i n an e l o n g a t e f i e l d t r e n d i n g f r o m l o w CaO v a l u e s ( f i e l d B: f e l s i c r o c k s ) t o h i g h ' CaO v a l u e s ( f i e l d A: i n t e r m e d i a t e and m a f i c v o l c a n i c s ) . B e r g a l t e r e d v o l c a n i c r o c k s ( f i e l d C) p l o t i n t h e h i g h CaO f i e l d . T h i s i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e i r o r i g i n a l l i t h o l o g i e s . P o t a s s i u m e n r i c h m e n t t h u s i s d e m o n s t r a t e d s i m p l y by F i g u r e 2.3, a b i n a r y p l o t of Ca0% _y_s K 0% where i n t e r m e d i a t e t o m a f i c T e l k w a 2 F o r m a t i o n v o l c a n i c r o c k s p l o t c l o s e t o t h e CaO a x i s and t h e f e l s i c - 28 -o o o \^ Telkwa Fm. Intermediate and mafic volcanics • Telkwa Fm. Felsic volcanics. 10 . \ • Berg altered volcanics. -8 • * i • • / / V I / 2 VI / V / \ \ • • \0 ^ • .3 % K20 F i g u r e 2.3 CaO vs K O p l o t d e m o n s t r a t i n g p o t a s s i u m e n r i c h m e n t o f t h e a l t e r e d T e l k w a F o r m a t i o n v o l c a n i c r o c k s from t h e m i n e r a l i z e d z o ne. - 29 -u n i t s p l o t n e a r t o t h e K 0 a x i s . I t f o l l o w s t h a t B e r g a l t e r e d 2 v o l c a n i c a n a l y s e s p l o t i n a f i e l d of h i g h CaO and h i g h K 0, t h u s • 2 p r o v i d i n g e v i d e n c e f o r a m e t a s o m a t i c o r i g i n f o r t h e . a l t e r e d v o l c a n i c r o c k s i n t h e m i n e r a l i z e d z o n e s . I n a d d i t i o n , f i e l d mapping has shown t h a t t h e r m a l l y m e tamorphosed v o l c a n i c r o c k s a r e p r e s e n t away f r o m t h e p o t e n t i a l o r e z o n e s and a r e s p a t i a l l y r e l a t e d t o t h e q u a r t z d i o r i t e i n t r u s i o n r a t h e r t h a n t o t h e B e r g s t o c k ( F i g . 1 . 2 ) . 2.4 MINERALIZATION 2.4.1 Ore M i n e r a l i z a t i o n Hypogene o r e m i n e r a l i z a t i o n ( T a b l e 2.2) a t t h e B e r g d e p o s i t i s d o m i n a t e d by p y r i t e , c h a l c o p y r i t e and m o l y b d e n i t e . S m a l l q u a n t i t i e s of b o r n i t e , m a g n e t i t e , s p h a l e r i t e , t e t r a h e d r i t e , g a l e n a and t r a c e amounts of p y r r h o t i t e , s c h e e l i t e , i l m e n i t e , r u t i l e and a r s e n o p y r i t e have a l s o been r e p o r t e d ( S t e w a r t , 1967; Howard, 1973; P a n t e l e y e v , 1 9 8 1 ) . R a t i o s of p y r i t e t o c h a l c o p y r i t e r a n g e f r o m 1:1 i n t h e p o t e n t i a l o r e zone t o o v e r 50:1 i n t h e p y r i t e h a l o ( F i g . 2 . 1 ) . T o t a l s u l p h i d e c o n t e n t s r a r e l y e x c e e d 5% by v o l u m e . The z o n a t i o n of hypogene o r e m i n e r a l s c o r r e s p o n d s c l o s e l y t o t r a c e e l e m e n t z o n e s e s t a b l i s h e d by H e b e r l e i n et, a l . ( 1 9 8 3 ) . From an e c o n o m i c v i e w p o i n t t h e c h a l c o p y r i t e zone o u t l i n e s t h e p o t e n t i a l hypogene o r e zone w h i c h can be d e f i n e d by v i s u a l l y e s t i m a t e d c h a l c o p y r i t e c o n t e n t s e x c e e d i n g 1% and a p y r i t e t o c h a l c o p y r i t e r a t i o of l e s s t h a n 4:1 ( F i g . 2 . 1 ) . T h i s zone f o r m s an a l m o s t c o n t i n u o u s r i n g s u r r o u n d i n g t h e s t o c k and s t r a d d l i n g i t s c o n t a c t . W i d t h i s v a r i a b l e , r a n g i n g f r o m l e s s t h a n - 10 -100 m a t t h e west c o n t a c t ( F i g . 1.2) t o o v e r 400 m a t t h e n o r t h e a s t c o n t a c t where -the b e s t hypogene m i n e r a l i z a t i o n i s h o s t e d i n t h e a l t e r e d v o l c a n i c r o c k s and q u a r t z d i o r i t e ( P a n t e l e y e v , 1 9 8 1 ) . M o l y b d e n i t e o c c u r r e n c e s , t h o u g h s p o r a d i c , c o n f o r m t o a s i m i l a r a n n u l a r zone w i t h i n t h e c h a l c o p y r i t e zone a t t h e i n t r u s i v e c o n t a c t . P y r i t e , u b i q u i t o u s t h r o u g h o u t t h e d e p o s i t , i s c o n c e n t r a t e d i n t h e p y r i t e h a l o t h a t c o n f o r m s w i t h t h e t r a n s i t i o n b etween t h e b i o t i t e and p r o p y l i t i c a l t e r a t i o n z o n e s ( F i g . 2 . 1 ) . G a l e n a and s p h a l e r i t e o c c u r i n s u b - e c o n o m i c v e i n s i n t h e p r o p y l i t i c zone between a p p r o x i m a t e l y 150 m and 500 m of t h e i n t r u s i v e c o n t a c t . S p h a l e r i t e , a s s o c i a t e d w i t h m i n o r t e t r a h e d r i t e w h i c h may be r e s p o n s i b l e f o r l o c a l l y h i g h s i l v e r v a l u e s , o c c u r s w i t h i n t h e p o t e n t i a l o r e z o n e s i n l a t e , q u a r t z - c h l o r i t e - c a r b o n a t e v e i n s ( T a b l e 2.2: t y p e 3 b ) . 2.4.1.1 Hypogene d i s s e m i n a t e d m i n e r a l i z a t i o n : D i s s e m i n a t e d s u l p h i d e s a r e w i d e s p r e a d o v e r t h e w h o l e d e p o s i t , a l t h o u g h t h e y a r e g e n e r a l l y e c o n o m i c a l l y l e s s i m p o r t a n t t h a n v e i n h o s t e d s u l p h i d e s . However c o n c e n t r a t i o n s of 0.5% t o 1.0%. c o p p e r i n d i s s e m i n a t e d s u l p h i d e s o c c u r s i n t h e q u a r t z d i o r i t e i n t h e n o r t h e a s t e r n p a r t of t h e d e p o s i t . Lower g r a d e d i s s e m i n a t e d s u l p h i d e m i n e r a l i z a t i o n a l s o o c c u r s i n t h e r e l a t i v e l y u n f r a c t u r e d c o r e of t h e s t o c k ( z o n e I ) . F o r e x a m p l e , g r a d e s i n t h e c e n t e r of t h e d e p o s i t a r e r e l a t i v e l y low ( l e s s t h a n 0.2% c o p p e r ) b e c a u s e t h e t o t a l s u l p h i d e c o n t e n t r a r e l y e x c e e d s 2% by v o l u m e . - 31 -2.4.1.2 Hypogene v e i n m i n e r a l i z a t i o n : M i n e r a l i z a t i o n i n t h e p o t e n t i a l o r e "zone i s f o u n d p r i m a r i l y i n v e i n s of s e v e r a l g e n e r a t i o n s of v e i n s d e f i n e d by m e g a s c o p i c c r o s s - c u t t i n g r e l a t i o n s h i p s . I n d i v i d u a l v e i n t y p e s l a , l b , 2a, 3a, 3b, and 4a, d e f i n e d i n T a b l e 2.2, c a n be i d e n t i f i e d on t h e b a s i s of m i n e r a l a s s e m b l a g e s i n t h e v e i n and i n a d j a c e n t e n v e l o p e a l t e r a t i o n . T a b l e 2.2 shows t h a t t h e e a r l i e r v e i n g e n e r a t i o n s ( t y p e s l a , l b and 2a) were r e s p o n s i b l e f o r most of t h e c o p p e r and molybdenum m i n e r a l i z a t i o n ; t h e y a r e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h o r t h o c l a s e , b i o t i t e , m a g n e t i t e and a n h y d r i t e w h i c h a r e s u g g e s t i v e o f h i g h e r t e m p e r a t u r e e n v i r o n m e n t s . L a t e r v e i n s ( t y p e s 3a, 3b and 4 a ) , d o m i n a t e d by p y r i t e m i n e r a l i z a t i o n and a c c o m p a n i e d by s p h a l e r i t e , c h l o r i t e , c a r b o n a t e and gypsum, have s e r i c i t e a l t e r a t i o n e n v e l o p e s . D i s t r i b u t i o n o f t h e v e i n t y p e s i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e e a r l i e r c o p p e r and m o l y b d e n i t e b e a r i n g f l u i d s were c o n c e n t r a t e d a l o n g z o n e s of h i g h f r a c t u r e p e r m e a b i l i t y , c l o s e t o t h e i n t r u s i v e c o n t a c t . C h l o r i t e and c a r b o n a t e b e a r i n g v e i n s ( t y p e s 3a and 3b) a r e g e n e r a l l y f u r t h e r f r o m t h e c o n t a c t a l t h o u g h t h e y a r e r a r e l y e n c o u n t e r e d i n t h e p o t a s s i c a l t e r a t i o n z o n e s where t h e y a r e i n v a r i a b l y l a t e i n t h e p a r a g e n e t i c s e q u e n c e . The e a r l i e s t v e i n s ( t y p e l a ; P l a t e 2.3) a r e r e s t r i c t e d t o t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e p o r p h y r y and p l a g i o c l a s e b i o t i t e p o r p h y r y p h a s e s of t h e s t o c k . These v e i n s a r e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c a l l y i r r e g u l a r , d i s c o n t i n u o u s , and composed of v u g g y , m i l k y q u a r t z w i t h common - 32 -TABLE 2.2 V e i n and a l t e r a t i o n e n v e l o p e m i n e r a l o g y -V e i n Type M i n e r a l o g y E n v e l o p e Dominant O r i g i n l a " Qz Qz-Ms -Or - B i magmatic 1 b ( 1) Qz -Py -Cp-Mo Q z - B i -Ms ( C l - E p ) ma gma t i c 2 a ( l ) Qz -Mo (Ms.) magmatic 2 a ( 2 ) Ah -Mo none magmatic 2 a ( 3 ) Mo none magmatic 3 a ( l ) Qz -Py -Mg-Cb--CI Qz-Ms m e t e o r i c 3 a ( 2 ) Qz -Py (Cp) (Ms) me t e o r i c 3 b ( l ) Qz -CI-- C b - S l (Ms-Gy) Ms me t e o r i c 3 b ( 2 ) Qz -CI-- C b - S l ( Ms-Py) none me t e o r i c 3 b ( 3 ) Py. - C I - C b - S l (Ms ) ( C I ) m e t e o r i c 3 b ( 4 ) Qz -Cb Ms m e t e o r i c 4a Gy none m e t e o r i c V e i n t y p e s d e f i n e d i n t e x t , a r e i n o r d e r of r e l a t i v e age ( t y p e 1 a r e t h e o l d e s t ) . Numbers i n p a r e n t h e s e s d e f i n e s u b d i v i s i o n s of g e n e r a l v e i n t y p e s . M i n e r a l s , l i s t e d i n o r d e r of abundance on a volume % b a s i s , a r e c o d e d : A n = a n h y d r i t e , C b = c a r b o n a t e , C l = c h l o r i t e , Cp = c h a l c o p y r i t e , G.y = gypsum, Mg=ma gne t i t e , Mo = m o l y b d e n i t e , M s = m u s c o v i t e ( s e r i c i t i c ) , O r = o r t h o c l a s e , P y = p y r i t e , Q z = q u a r t z , S l = s p h a l e r i t e ; b r a c k e t s i n d i c a t e p o s s i b l e p r e s e n c e . a n h y d r i t e c a v i t y f i l l i n g s . A l t e r a t i o n e n v e l o p e s a r e g e n e r a l l y a b s e n t but when p r e s e n t c o n s i s t of s e c o n d a r y o r t h o c l a s e . More w i d e s p r e a d and s i g n i f i c a n t i n t e r m s of s u l p h i d e m i n e r a l i z a t i o n a r e t h e t y p e l b v e i n s . They a r e d i s t r i b u t e d t h r o u g h o u t t h e p o r p h y r y s t o c k and t h e s u r r o u n d i n g a l t e r e d v o l c a n i c r o c k s , but a p p e a r t o be c o n c e n t r a t e d i n a zone s t r a d d l i n g t h e i n t r u s i v e c o n t a c t . Much of t h e c o p p e r and p a r t of t h e molybdenum o f t h e p o t e n t i a l o r e z o n e s a r e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e s e v e i n s . More s i g n i f i c a n t q u a n t i t i e s of molybdenum a r e f o u n d i n t y p e 2a v e i n s . These a r e d o m i n a t e d by m o l y b d e n i t e as s t r i n g e r s i n r i b b o n e d , m i l k y q u a r t z v e i n s , or as s t r e a k s and d i s s e m i n a t i o n s i n a n h y d r i t e or q u a r t z - a n h y d r i t e v e i n s . H i g h e s t d e n s i t i e s of t h i s v e i n t y p e o c c u r n e a r t h e i n t r u s i v e c o n t a c t , but t h e y ca n be f o u n d t h r o u g h o u t the m i n e r a l i z e d z o n e . A l t e r a t i o n e n v e l o p e s a r e g e n e r a l l y - 33 -a b s e n t b u t . w h e r e p r e s e n t a r e l e s s t h a n 1 mm w i d e z o n e s of s e r i c i t i z a t i o n . Type 3a v e i n s a r e v e r y d i f f e r e n t f r o m t y p e s 1 and 2 i n t h a t c h a l c o p y r i t e i s r a r e and m o l y b d e n i t e a b s e n t . I n a d d i t i o n , a l t e r a t i o n e n v e l o p e s a r e more i n t e n s e and d o m i n a t e d by s e r i c i t e and q u a r t z . Where b e s t d e v e l o p e d t h e s e e n v e l o p e s o v e r l a p and c o m p l e t e l y d e s t r o y p r e - e x i s t i n g s t r u c t u r e s , t e x t u r e s and m i n e r a l o g i e s . The v e i n s a r e of g r e y t o w h i t e q u a r t z w i t h s t r i n g e r s and d i s s e m i n a t i o n s of p y r i t e . P y r i t e a l s o i s d i s s e m i n a t e d w i t h i n t h e w i d e e n v e l o p e s . Type 3a v e i n i n g i s most i n t e n s e l y d e v e l o p e d a t t h e i n t r u s i v e c o n t a c t a t t h e s o u t h e r n and n o r t h e r n edge of t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e s t o c k . T hese a r e a s c o r r e s p o n d c l o s e l y w i t h z o n e s of p e r v a s i v e p h y l l i c a l t e r a t i o n t h a t r e s u l t f r o m t h e o v e r l a p p i n g of t y p e 3a v e i n e n v e l o p e s . Abundance of t y p e 3a v e i n s d e c r e a s e s d e e p e r i n t h e e x p l o r e d p a r t of t h e d e p o s i t . Type 3b v e i n s c o n t a i n much c h l o r i t e and c a r b o n a t e . These v e i n s a r e p r e s e n t t h r o u g h o u t t h e d e p o s i t but become more a b u n d a n t o u t w a r d s f r o m t h e i n t r u s i v e c o n t a c t i n the p r o p y l i t i c z o n e . Q u a r t z and p y r i t e a r e u b i q u i t o u s t o t h e s e v e i n s ; b l a c k s p h a l e r i t e i s a common a c c e s s o r y ( P l a t e '2.9). V e i n m i n e r a l o g y i s c o n t r o l l e d p a r t i a l l y by w a l l r o c k c o m p o s i t i o n ; c h l o r i t e and c a r b o n a t e a r e p r e s e n t where t h e v e i n s c u t w a l l r o c k s r i c h i n b i o t i t e , b u t a r e s e r i c i t i c where t h e y c r o s s c u t i n t r u s i v e r o c k s . C h l o r i t e commonly r e p l a c e s m a f i c m i n e r a l s i n t h i s t y p e o f v e i n , i n d i c a t i n g t h a t t h e s e v e i n s may be s i m i l a r t o t y p e 3a b u t r e f l e c t e f f e c t s of w a l l - 34 -P l a t e 2.9 P r o p y l i t i c a l t e r a t i o n ( z o n e V) of b i o t i t e h o r n f e l s . T h i s d a r k g r e e n r o c k i s s o f t e r and h o r n f e l s a l t e r a t i o n ; o r i g i n a l Note t h e o u t l i n e s of v o l c a n i c v e i n a t t h e t o p of t h e s a mple c h l o r i t e - s p h a l e r i t e v e i n . l e s s m a s s i v e t h a n o r i g i n a l b i o t i t e h o r n f e l s i c t e x t u r e s a r e p r e s e r v e d , f r a g m e n t s ( d o t t e d o u t l i n e s ) . The i s a l a t e t y p e 3b c a r b o n a t e -P l a t e 2.10 Green p r o p y l i t i c a l t e r a t i o n ( z o n e V) of T e l k w a F o r m a t i o n v o l c a n i c f r a g m e n t a l r o c k . O r i g i n a l t e x t u r e s a r e c l e a r l y v i s i b l e . L i t h i c f r a g m e n t s a r e r e p l a c e d by c o a r s e e p i d o t e and rimmed by f i n e g r a i n e d e p i d o t e and c h l o r i t e . Groundmass has a t r a c h y t i c t e x t u r e . - 35 -P l a t e 2.11 R e t r o g r a d e p r o p y 1 i t i z a t i o n of q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e p o r p h y r y ( c r o s s e d n i c o l s ; s c a l e bar i s 1 mm). I g n e o u s b i o t i t e ( B i ) , p a r t i a l l y e n c l o s e d i n q u a r t z ( Q z ) , has been pseudomorphed by i r o n r i c h c h l o r i t e ( C I ) . Note a l s o t h e i n t e n s e c l o u d i n g of p l a g i o c l a s e p h e n o c r y s t s ( P f ) by f i n e s e r i c i t e a t b o t t o m of v i e w . P l a t e 2.12 R e t r o g r a d e p r o p y l i t i z a t i o n of p l a g i o c l a s e b i o t i t e p o r p h y r y ( p l a n e p o l a r i z e d l i g h t ; s c a l e bar i s 1 mm). S e r i c i t i z e d p l a g i o c l a s e ( P f ) i s r e p l a c e d by i r o n r i c h e p i d o t e ( E p ) . A b i o t i t e ( B i ) p h e n o c r y s t a t t h e b o t t o m l e f t of t h e v i e w has been r e p l a c e d by i r o n r i c h c h l o r i t e . - 36 -r o c k c o m p o s i t i o n . The y o u n g e s t v e i n g e n e r a t i o n i s r e p r e s e n t e d by g y p s u m - f i l l e d f r a c t u r e s . These v e i n s g e n e r a l l y have s u b - h o r i z o n t a l a t t i t u d e s and a r e r a r e l y g r e a t e r t h a n 2 mm i n w i d t h . C o a r s e r g r a i n e d f i b r o u s gypsum v e i n s up t o 30 mm i n w i d t h a r e a l s o common i n t h e i n t r u s i o n . T hese p r o b a b l y f o r m e d by r e a c t i o n of hypogene a n h y d r i t e b e a r i n g v e i n s w i t h g r o u n d w a t e r s . T h i s c l a s s i f i c a t i o n of v e i n t y p e s i s g e n e r a l i z e d b e c a u s e v e i n c o m p o s i t i o n s u n d o u b t e d l y v a r y a l o n g t h e i r l e n g t h . I n a d d i t i o n c o m p l i c a t e d m u l t i p l e g e n e r a t i o n s of v e i n s a r e r e c o g n i z e d by c r o s s c u t t i n g v e i n t y p e s l b and 2a. 2.5 DISCUSSION A model of t h e s e q u e n c e of e v e n t s d u r i n g t h e e v o l u t i o n of t h e a l t e r e d and m i n e r a l i z e d z o n e s a t t h e B e r g d e p o s i t i s p r o p o s e d below' and compared t o r e c e n t s t u d i e s of s i m i l a r p o r p h y r y d e p o s i t s . 2.5.1 E v e n t s P r i o r t o Emplacement o f B e r g I n t r u s i o n Ground p r e p a r a t i o n ' f o r t h e d e p o s i t began w i t h t h e f o r m a t i o n of a b r i t t l e b i o t i t e h o r n f e l s zone a r o u n d t h e q u a r t z d i o r i t e i n t r u s i o n ( F i g s . 1.2 and 1 . 3 ) . I n t r u s i o n of t h e B e r g q u a r t z - 37 -m o n z o n i t e i n t o t h e h o r n f e l s and q u a r t z d i o r i t e d e v e l o p e d i n t e n s e f r a c t u r e z o n e s i n t h e h o r n f e l s t h a t became l o c i f o r p o t e n t i a l o r e b o d i e s . From f i e l d o b s e r v a t i o n s t h e p r e s e n c e of a m i n o r , h o r n f e l s zone a s s o c i a t e d w i t h t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e s t o c k c a n n o t be r u l e d o u t ; o v e r p r i n t i n g by h y d r o t h e r m a l p r o c e s s e s w o u l d have masked s u c h a z o n e . P o t a s s i u m - a r g o n d a t e s ( C a r t e r , 1974, 1981) f o r t h e q u a r t z d i o r i t e and t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e s t o c k a r e i n d i s t i n g u i s h a b l e ( c i r c a 50 Ma). However, f i e l d o b s e r v a t i o n s by t h e a u t h o r and by P a n t e l e y e v ( 1976, 1981 ) s u g g e s t t h a t t h e q u a r t z d i o r i t e . i s o l d e r t h a n t h e p o r p h y r y s t o c k b e c a u s e of s u p e r i m p o s i t i o n of t h e a l t e r a t i o n and m i n e r a l i z a t i o n z o n e s of t h e p o r p h y r y , t h e i n t r u s i o n of q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e p o r p h y r y d i k e s i n t o t h e q u a r t z d i o r i t e , and t h e s p a t i a l d i s t r i b u t i o n o f b i o t i t e h o r n f e l s ( F i g . 1 . 2 ) . As P a n t e l e y e v ( 1 9 8 1 ) p o i n t e d o u t , t h e s a m p l e d a t e d by C a r t e r ( 1 9 8 1 ) was a l t e r e d h y d r o t h e r m a l l y and t h e r e f o r e t h i s d a t e p r o b a b l y was r e s e t t o t h e age of t h e q u a r t z , m o n z o n i t e s t o c k . The q u a r t z d i o r i t e m i g h t e i t h e r r e p r e s e n t a s l i g h t l y o l d e r c o m a g m a t i c i n t r u s i o n as s u g g e s t e d by m o n z o n i t i c p h a s e s f o u n d t o t h e s o u t h of t h e p r o p e r t y ( P a n t e l e y e v , 1983, p e r s o n a l c o m m u n i c a t i o n ) , or c o r r e s p o n d c l o s e l y t o g r a n o d i o r i t e p o r p h y r y a t t h e H u c k e l b e r r y and Ox L ake c o p p e r - m o l y b d e n u m d e p o s i t s ( c i r c a 82 Ma by K-Ar d a t i n g : C a r t e r , 1974, 1 9 8 1 ) . The i n t r u s i v e b r e c c i a d e s c r i b e d by P a n t e l e y e v ( 1 9 8 1 ) and i l l u s t r a t e d i n F i g u r e s 1.2 and 2.1 i s o o g e n e t i c w i t h t h e B e r g q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e , on the b a s i s t h a t i t c o n t a i n s q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e f r a g m e n t s , d i p s s t e e p l y to t h e n o r t h and p r o b a b l y i n t e r s e c t s t h e s t o c k a t d e p t h . T h i s - 38 -b r e c c i a a l s o c r o s s c u t s t h e q u a r t z d i o r i t e . 2.5.2 M a g m a t i c h y d r o t h e r m a l p r o c e s s e s M a g m a t i c h y d r o t h e r m a l a l t e r a t i o n a t B e r g i s c e n t e r e d on t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e p o r p h y r y phase of t h e s t o c k , s u g g e s t i n g t h a t e a r l y h y d r o t h e r m a l p r o c e s s e s . were r e l a t e d t o t h i s u n i t . A l t e r a t i o n i s s i m i l a r t o t h a t a t S i e r r i t a (West and A i k e n , 1 9 8 2 ) , S a n t a R i t a ( N e i l s e n , 1 9 6 8 ) , A j o ( G i l l u l y , 1946) and Y a n d a r a ( G r a n t and N e i l s e n , 1975) w i t h p o t a s s i u m m e t a s o m a t i s m o c c u r r i n g e a r l y i n t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of t h e d e p o s i t by t h e f o l l o w i n g p r o c e s s e s ( c f . Burnham, 1 9 7 9 ) : 1) d i f f e r e n t i a t i o n o f ' a c r y s t a l l i z i n g h y d r o u s m e l t t h a t was a c c o m p a n i e d by e x t e n s i v e f r a c t u r e d e v e l o p m e n t above and p e r i p h e r a l t o t h e s o l i d u s b o u n d a r y of t h e magma, 2) e v o l u t i o n of magmatic h y d r o t h e r m a l f l u i d s d u r i n g c r y s t a l l i z a t i o n t h a t e x t e n s i v e l y r e a c t e d w i t h t h e s u r r o u n d i n g w a l l r o c k s as t h e f l u i d s m i g r a t e d away f r o m t h e h e a t s o u r c e (c_ f . B a r n e s , 1979; Beane, 1982; Burnham, 1979; H e l g e s o n , 1970; Moore and N a sh, 1974; R o e d d e r , 1971, 1972, 1 9 7 9 ) , and 3) p e r i o d i c s e a l i n g o f f r a c t u r e s by m i n e r a l d e p o s i t i o n t h a t c a u s e d i n t e r n a l p r e s s u r e c h a n g e s ( f r o m h y d r o s t a t i c t o l i t h o s t a t i c ) r e s u l t i n g i n r o c k f a i l u r e . M u l t i p l e v e i n i n g e v e n t s o b s e r v e d c l o s e t o t h e m a r g i n of t h e s t o c k r e f l e c t t h i s p r o c e s s . P e r i o d i c r e l e a s e of p r e s s u r e a l s o e x p l a i n s t h e r e l a t i v e l a c k of v e i n i n g t o w a r d s t h e c e n t e r of t h e s t o c k where c o n d i t i o n s were n e a r l y magmatic and t h e r o c k s were l e s s l i k e l y t o f a i l i n a b r i t t l e f a s h i o n . S p e c i f i c a l l y , d e f o r m e d t y p e l a q u a r t z v e i n s s u g g e s t t h a t t h e r o c k s were b e h a v i n g l o c a l l y i n a p l a s t i c f a s h i o n . - 39 -C h e m i c a l r e a c t i o n s p r o d u c i n g p o t a s s i c a l t e r a t i o n o f t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e stoc-k m a i n l y i n v o l v e d i o n e x c h a n g e s . E x a m p l e s a r e t h e + + ++ a d d i t i o n of K and l o s s of Na and Ca i n p l a g i o c l a s e t o f o r m + ++ -o r t h o c l a s e , and t h e a d d i t i o n o f K , Mg , OH and F to a m p h i b o l e t o p r o d u c e b i o t i t e . As m e n t i o n e d a b o v e , h y d r o t h e r m a l b i o t i t e s c a n be d i s t i n g u i s h e d f r o m t h o s e of i g n e o u s o r i g i n on t h e b a s i s o f t e x t u r e and p l e o c h r o i c c o l o u r . The c o l o u r c h a n g e , o b s e r v e d i n t h i n s e c t i o n , f r o m r e d d i s h brown i n p r i m a r y b i o t i t e t o o r a n g e - b r o w n i n s e c o n d a r y b i o t i t e s u g g e s t s t h a t t h e c o m p o s i t i o n has been a l t e r e d . L i b e r a t i o n ++ of T i O and Fe f r o m t h e i g n e o u s b i o t i t e a r e t h e most l i k e l y 2 c h a n g e s as o x i d e m i n e r a l s i n c l u d i n g m a g n e t i t e , i l m e n i t e and r u t i l e a r e common c l o s e t o s e c o n d a r y b i o t i t e . H y d r o t h e r m a l b i o t i t e s i n t h e c o u n t r y r o c k change f r o m p a l e o r a n g e - b r o w n t o g r e e n i s h brown w i t h i n c r e a s i n g d i s t a n c e f r o m t h e s t o c k . T h i s can be e x p l a i n e d by t h e a d e c r e a s e i n Mg t o t o t a l Fe r a t i o , or by p a r t i a l a l t e r a t i o n t o c h l o r i t e . C h l o r i t e ^ c o m p o s i t i o n s i n t h e a l t e r e d v o l c a n i c r o c k s were r e p o r t e d by D a h l and N o r t o n ( 1 9 6 7 ) t o show a s i m i l a r t r e n d f r o m h i g h t o l o w Mg t o t o t a l Fe r a t i o s o u t w a r d s f r o m t h e s t o c k . S i m i l a r o b s e r v a t i o n s have been made a t - B i n g h a m (Moore and Czamanske, 1973) and a t E l y and S a n t a R i t a ( J a c o b s and P a r r y , 1976) where h y d r o t h e r m a l b i o t i t e s n e a r e r t o t h e c e n t e r of t h e s y s t e m a r e s i g n i f i c a n t l y r i c h e r i n p h l o g o p i t e component (MgO) and d e p l e t e d i n T i O w i t h r e s p e c t t o p r i m a r y 2 - 40 -b i o t i t e s . E a r l y v e i n g e n e r a t i o n s a t B e r g ( T a b l e 2.2: t y p e s l a , l b , 2a and 2b) were c o n t e m p o r a n e o u s w i t h p e r v a s i v e a l t e r a t i o n . Type l a v e i n s a r e t h e e a r l i e s t and a r e g e n e r a l l y i r r e g u l a r i n shape i m p l y i n g p l a s t i c c o n d i t i o n s i n t h e w a l l r o c k as n o t e d a b o v e . N e a r l y magmatic o t e m p e r a t u r e s of up t o 800 C have been o b t a i n e d f r o m s i m i l a r v e i n s ( i . e . s i m i l a r m i n e r a l o g y , f o r m and a l t e r a t i o n a s s e m b l a g e ) a t S a n t a R i t a ( J a c o b s and P a r r y , 1 9 7 6 ) ; a t Bingham e a r l i e s t q u a r t z v e i n s gave. o o h o m o g e n i z a t i o n t e m p e r a t u r e s o f 640 C t o 725 C ( R o e d d e r , 1 9 7 1 ) . Type 2a and b v e i n s o c c u r n e a r t h e p e r i p h e r y o f t h e s t o c k and i n t h e a d j a c e n t c o u n t r y r o c k . I n t h i s v e i n t y p e q u a r t z d e p o s i t i o n was a c c o m p a n i e d by s u l p h i d e and a n h y d r i t e p r e c i p i t a t i o n . S u l p h i d e d e p o s i t i o n c o u l d have r e s u l t e d f r o m s e v e r a l c a u s e s t h a t i n c l u d e : sudden c o o l i n g due t o p r e s s u r e r e l e a s e , Eh-pH c h a n g e s due t o w a l l r o c k a l t e r a t i o n r e a c t i o n s , d i r e c t c h e m i c a l i n t e r a c t i o n w i t h t h e w a l l r o c k ( i . e . r e p l a c e m e n t of i r o n b e a r i n g m i n e r a l s ) . S u l p h i d e p r e c i p i t a t i o n can be g e n e r a l i z e d by r e a c t i o n 1 ( c f . Beane, 1 9 8 2 ) : + ++ + Cu + Fe + 2H S + 1/40 = CuFeS + 3H + 1/2H 0 1_ 2 . 2 2 2 V a r i a b l e amounts of d i s s e m i n a t e d m i n e r a l i z a t i o n i n a l l p a r t s of t h e d e p o s i t s u g g e s t t h a t w a l l r o c k / f l u i d i n t e r a c t i o n must have p l a y e d an i m p o r t a n t r o l e i n t h e d e p o s i t i o n of s u l p h i d e s . F u r t h e r m o r e , r e p l a c e m e n t of i r o n - b e a r i n g m i n e r a l s by c o p p e r - 41 -s u l p h i d e s and p y r i t e i s common and may be g e n e r a l i z e d by r e a c t i o n s 2 t o 4: + + Fe 0 + 3Cu + 6H S + 1/40 = 3CuFeS + 3H + 9/2H 0 2 3 4 2 2 2 2 or + K F e ( A l S i ) 0 (OH) + 4Cu + Fe 0 + 6H S + 3/40 = 3 10 2 3 4 2 2 • + KA1 S i 0 + 4CuFeS + 8H 0 + 0 + H 3 3 8 2 2 2 or + + 2KFe A I S i 0 (OH) + Cu + 2H S + 0 + 12H = 3 3 10 2 2 2 - + Fe A l S i 0 (OH) + CuFeS + 2K + 3SiO' + 6H 0 4 5 2 3 6 8 2 2 2 + Note t h a t r e a c t i o n s 1, 2 and 3 l i b e r a t e H i o n s i n t o t h e s o l u t i o n + + •with t h e e f f e c t of d e c r e a s i n g t h e K t o H r a t i o , a t l e a s t l o c a l l y + a d j a c e n t t o v e i n s . I f s u f f i c i e n t H i s l i b e r a t e d t h e s o l u t i o n c h e m i s t r y i s s t a b l e w i t h . r e s p e c t t o s e r i c i t e , c a u s i n g d e s t r u c t i o n of o r t h o c l a s e . T h i s p r o b a b l y e x p l a i n s t h e p r e s e n c e of t h i n s e r i c i t e e n v e l o p e s a r o u n d many t y p e l b and 2 v e i n s i n t h e o r t h o c l a s e z o n e . The a s s o c i a t i o n o f a n h y d r i t e w i t h s u l p h i d e s i n t y p e l b and 2 - 42 -s i g n i f i e s a t h i r d p o s s i b l e p r e c i p i t a t i o n mechanism t h a t has been documented by H o l l a n d and M a l i n i n ( 1 9 7 9 ) . C o o l i n g of a magmatic o o h y d r o t h e r m a l f l u i d f r o m 600 C t o 400 C c a u s e s o x i d a t i o n of SO 2 t o H SO ( e q u a t i o n 5 ) : 2 4 4H 0 + 4S0 = H S + 3H SO 2 2 2 2 4 I n c r e a s e d SO a c t i v i t y of t h e s o l u t i o n i n t h e p r e s e n c e of C a C l 4 ' 2 (Ca l i b e r a t e d d u r i n g o r t h o c l a s e r e p l a c e m e n t of c a l c i c p l a g i o c l a s e ) w i l l c a u s e a n h y d r i t e p r e c i p i t a t i o n ( e q u a t i o n 6 ) : C a C l + H SO = CaSO + 2HC1 2 2 4 4 R emoval of SO f r o m s o l u t i o n c o n c o m i t a n t l y r a i s e s t h e H S 4 • 2 a c t i v i t y t h u s p r o m o t i n g s u l p h i d e p r e c i p i t a t i o n and s u l f i d i z a t i o n r e a c t i o n s . M o l y b d e n i t e g e n e r a l l y i s r e s t r i c t e d t o t y p e 2 v e i n s t h a t o c c u r i n a n a r r o w a n n u l a r zone a d j a c e n t t o t h e o u t e r m a r g i n of t h e s t o c k . T h i s zone i s o u t l i n e d most c l e a r l y by g r a d e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f MoS ( P a n t e l e y e v , 1981) and by s t a t i s t i c a l methods ( F i g . 3.4) 2 • F l u o r i n e e n r i c h m e n t of t h e s t o c k , as d e m o n s t r a t e d i n H e b e r l e i n e t a l . ( 1 9 8 4 ) , i n d i c a t e s t h a t molybdenum was most l i k e l y t r a n s p o r t e d i n o t h e h y d r o t h e r m a l f l u i d as f l u o r i d e c o m p l e x e s ( e . g . MoF and MoO F ) 4 3 and p o s s i b l y as c h l o r i d e , d i s i l i c a t e ( I s u k - and Carmen, 1981) and m o l y b d a t e c o m p l e x e s ( W e s t r a and K e i t h , 1 9 8 1 ) . B e c a u s e t h e s o l u b i l i t y o f molybdenum i s e x t r e m e l y t e m p e r a t u r e d e p e n d e n t ( S m i t h e t ..a 1 . , - 43 -1 9 8 0 ) , c o o l i n g o f o u t w a r d m i g r a t i n g , m o l y b d e n u m - b e a r i n g h y d r o t h e r m a l f l u i d s w o u l d . r e s u l t i n r a p i d d e p o s i t i o n of m o l y b d e n i t e i n a c o n f i n e d z o n e . Bloom ( 1 9 8 3 ) i n f e r r e d o t h e r c o n t r o l s f o r molybdenum d e p o s i t i o n b a s e d on f l u i d - m i n e r a l e q u i l i b r i a . These i n v o l v e d r e a c t i o n s of f l u o r i n e b e a r i n g p h a s e s w i t h w a l l r o c k m i n e r a l s , p a r t i c u l a r l y o r t h o c l a s e u n d e r i s o t h e r m a l c o n d i t i o n s . D e p e n d i n g on t h e o x i d a t i o n s t a t e o f t h e molybdenum i o n c e r t a i n r e a c t i o n s c a n be w r i t t e n t o d e m o n s t r a t e t h e i r r e l a t i o n s h i p , s u c h as ( B l o o m , 1 9 8 3 ) : 3 K A l S i 0 + MoF + 2H S = 3 8 4 2 o KA1 S i 0 F +6S10 + MoS + 2H 0 + 2KF _7 3 3 10 2 2 2 2 or + 3KA1S1 0 + 4MoO F + 8H S + 4H = 3 8 3 2 o KA1 S i 0 F + 2KF + 6 S i 0 +4MoS +10H +70 8 3 3 10 2 2 2 2 2 Note t h a t b o t h q u a r t z and m u s c o v i t e ( f l u o r o m u s c o v i t e ) a r e f o r m e d ; b o t h m i n e r a l s o c c u r i n t y p e 2 v e i n s ' o r t h e i r e n v e l o p e s ( T a b l e 2 . 2 ) . P r e c i p i t a t i o n of m o l y b d e n i t e ( e q u a t i o n 10) a l s o can r e s u l t f r o m d e s t a b i l i z a t i o n of d i s i l i c a t e c o m p l e x e s by HC1 ( e q u a t i o n 9) + + i n t h e p r e s e n c e o f Na or K i f r e d u c e d s u l p h u r i s a v a i l a b l e i n . s o l u t i o n : - 4 4 . -+ ++++ 2Na + Mo S i 0 + 2HC1 = 2Mo 2 2 5 + 2 S i O .+ 2N a C l + H 0 2 2 9 ++++ + Mo + 2H S = MoS 2 2 + 4H 10 No t e m p e r a t u r e d a t a a r e a v a i l a b l e f o r v e i n t y p e s ' a.t B e r g , however f l u i d i n c l u s i o n s t u d i e s f r o m s i m i l a r d e p o s i t s have p r o d u c e d a r a n g e o f t e m p e r a t u r e s f o r q u a r t z i n t h e m o l y b d e n i t e b e a r i n g v e i n s . F o r e x a m p l e , h o m o g e n i z a t i o n t e m p e r a t u r e s f r o m 350 o C (Qz-MoS -Or-Ah v e i n s f r o m M i n e r a l P a r k , A r i z o n a : W i l k i n s o n e_t 2 o a l . , 1982) t o 650 C (Qz-MoS v e i n a t Bingham: Moore and Nash, . 2 19 7 4 ) . V e i n s e x h i b i t i n g p o t a s s i c a l t e r a t i o n e n v e l o p e s ( i . e . o r t h o c l a s e , b i o t i t e and q u a r t z ) have y i e l d e d t e m p e r a t u r e s of 525 C a t E l S a l v a d o r ( S h e p p a r d and G u s t a f s o n , 1976) and 300 C t o 370 C at S i e r r i t a ( P r e e c e and Beane, 1982) i m p l y i n g t h a t e a r l y v e i n r e l a t e d a l t e r a t i o n o c c u r r e d a t m o d e r a t e t o h i g h t e m p e r a t u r e s . S a l i n i t y d e t e r m i n a t i o n s f r o m f l u i d i n c l u s i o n s i n t h e s e v e i n s gave h i g h v a l u e s ( i . e . i n t h e 37 t o 41 wt.% N a C l e q u i v a l e n t r a n g e a t S i e r r i t a ) and i m p l y t h a t f l u i d s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h i s t y p e of v e i n i n g a r e of magmatic h y d r o t h e r m a l o r i g i n . 2.5.3 A l t e r a t i o n o f . C o u n t r y R o c k s H y d r o t h e r m a l a l t e r a t i o n of t h e h o r n f e l s t o t h e b i o t i t e zone a t B e r g r e f l e c t s a s e q u e n c e of p h y s i c a l and c h e m i c a l c h a n g e s i n t h e e s c a p i n g magmatic h y d r o t h e r m a l f l u i d s as t h e y p e r m e a t e w a l l r o c k s of d i f f e r e n t b u l k c h e m i s t r y and move away f r o m t h e h e a t s o u r c e . o o o - 45 -M o d e l s of f l u i d f l o w and o r e t r a n s p o r t i n p o r p h y r y c o p p e r s y s t e m s ( N o r t o n , 1982;- R o s e , 1970) i m p l y t h a t i n i t i a l movement of f l u i d s i s u pwards and away f r o m t h e i r m agmatic s o u r c e and t h a t i n t e r a c t i o n w i t h i n w a r d m i g r a t i n g , h e a t e d ' m e t e o r i c w a t e r s o c c u r s i n a zone of m i x i n g a t some d i s t a n c e f r o m t h e i n t r u s i v e c o n t a c t . T h i s m i x i n g zone p r o b a b l y i s r e p r e s e n t e d by t h e t r a n s i t i o n f r o m t h e b i o t i t e zone t o t h e p r o p y l i t i c zone a t B e r g . A g r a d a t i o n i n a l t e r a t i o n m i n e r a l a s s e m b l a g e s and m i n e r a l c o m p o s i t i o n s o u t w a r d s t h r o u g h the. b i o t i t e zone i s p r e s e n t . C l o s e t o t h e i n t r u s i o n t h e m agmatic h y d r o t h e r m a l f l u i d s i n t e r a c t e d w i t h t h e c o u n t r y r o c k s and p r o d u c e d an a s s e m b l a g e d o m i n a t e d by b i o t i t e . B i o t i t e d e v e l o p m e n t ( i n s t e a d of o r t h o c l a s e ) r e f l e c t s t h e b u l k c h e m i s t r y of t h e b i o t i t e h o r n f e l s e d v o l c a n i c r o c k s w h i c h were r e l a t i v e l y r i c h i n Fe, Mg and Ca. P r e - e x i s t i n g f e r r o - m a g n e s i a n m i n e r a l s were r e p l a c e d by M g - r i c h - b i o t i t e and a t t h e same t i m e ++ Fe and T i O were l i b e r a t e d as i n t h e o r t h o c l a s e and 2 o r t h o c l a s e - b i o t i t e z o n e s . A s i m i l a r zone i s d e v e l o p e d a t t h e C h r i s t m a s p o r p h y r y d e p o s i t i n A r i z o n a ( K o s k i and Cook, 1 9 8 2 ) . D e p o s i t i o n mechanisms f o r t h e i n n e r p a r t of t h e b i o t i t e zone a t B e r g were p r o b a b l y s i m i l a r t o t h o s e of t h e o r t h o c l a s e - b i o t i t e z o n e . However, more a b u n d a n t p y r i t e b e a r i n g v e i n s s u g g e s t t h a t Fe was a v a i l a b l e i n s o l u t i o n . The most l i k e l y s o u r c e f o r r e d u c e d Fe was f r o m b i o t i t i z a t i o n r e a c t i o n s i n t h e s t o c k and s u r r o u n d i n g c o u n t r y r o c k s . O u t w a r d m i g r a t i o n of Fe and s u l p h u r i s r e f l e c t e d i n t h e p r o n o u n c e d i n c r e a s e i n t h e modal a b u n d a n c e of p y r i t e w i t h - 46 -d i s t a n c e f r o m t h e s t o c k . The i r o n t r a v e l e d away f r o m t h e i n t r u s i o n i n . s o l u t i o n t o be d e p o s i t e d . i n v e i n s and d i s s e m i n a t i o n s as c h a l c o p y r i t e a n d / o r p y r i t e . The o u t w a r d d i s a p p e a r a n c e of a n h y d r i t e and t h e o n s e t of c h l o r i t i z a t i o n r e a c t i o n s s i g n i f y i n c r e a s e d m i x i n g of t h e m a g m atic h y d r o t h e r m a l f l u i d s w i t h g r o u n d w a t e r s . M i x i n g of f l u i d s r e s u l t s i n t h e s udden dumping of d i s s o l v e d components f r o m ++ + s o l u t i o n . I n a d d i t i o n t o i r o n t h e s e i n c l u d e Ca and Na w h i c h a r e i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o c a r b o n a t e and a l b i t e i n t h e p r o p y l i t i c z o n e . M i n e r a l o g i c a l c h a n g e s o u t w a r d s i n t h e b i o t i t e zone a t B e r g r e f l e c t c h a n g e s i n f l u i d c h e m i s t r y c a u s e d by m i x i n g . The b i o t i t e - a n h y d r i t e and t h e b i o t i t e s u b z o n e s a r e of" d o m i n a n t l y magmatic h y d r o t h e r m a l o r i g i n , w h e r e a s t h e b i o t i t e - c h l o r i t e s u b z o n e and p r o p y l i t i c zone a r e of m i x e d or m e t e o r i c d o m i n a t e d o r i g i n . O n s e t of m e t e o r i c d o m i n a t e d h y d r o t h e r m a l p r o c e s s e s i s i n d i c a t e d by t h e a p p e a r a n c e of c h l o r i t e a f t e r b i o t i t e , and t h e d i s a p p e a r a n c e of a n h y d r i t e . As a n h y d r i t e i s d e p o s i t e d o n l y f r o m h y d r o t h e r m a l f l u i d s a t n e a r magmatic t e m p e r a t u r e s , i t s d i s a p p e a r a n c e can be used t o d e l i n e a t e t h e o u t e r l i m i t o f magmatic h y d r o t h e r m a l a l t e r a t i o n . A n h y d r i t e was u s e d i n a s i m i l a r way a t Red M o u n t a i n by C o r n ( 1 9 7 5 ) t o o u t l i n e t h e e x t e n t of t h e p o t a s s i c a l t e r a t i o n z o n e . The i n t e r v a l , between t h e d i s a p p e a r a n c e of a n h y d r i t e and t h e c o m p l e t e a b s e n c e o f b i o t i t e by c h l o r i t i z a t i o n r e p r e s e n t s t h e zone of magmatic h y d r o t h e r m a l and m e t e o r i c f l u i d m i x i n g . I t i s a l s o c o i n c i d e n t w i t h t h e o u t l i n e d z o n e s of maximum f r a c t u r e i n t e n s i t y and p o t e n t i a l o r e b o d i e s , t h u s s u g g e s t i n g t h a t m i x i n g was a m a j o r - 47 -c o n t r o l i n t h e l o c a l i z a t i o n o f m i n e r a l i z a t i o n . P r o p y l i t i c a l t e r a t i o n o c c u r r i n g o u t s i d e of t h e m i x i n g zone ( F i g s . 1.3 and 2.1) was f o r m e d by m e t e o r i c d o m i n a t e d f l u i d s . B u l k c h e m i c a l c h a n g e s a c c o m p a n y i n g p r o p y l i t i z a t i o n a r e m i n o r . However t h e r e i s a p r o n o u n c e d i n c r e a s e i n t o t a l i r o n due t o a b u n d a n t p y r i t e i n t h e o v e r l a p p i n g p y r i t e h a l o . Many p o r p h y r y d e p o s i t s have s i m i l a r c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ( c f _ . E l T e n i e n t e : Camus, 1975 ; P a n g u n a : F o r d , 1 9 7 6 ) . 2.5.4 T h e r m a l C o l l a p s e C o o l i n g of t h e B e r g q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e l e d t o t h e i n w a r d m i g r a t i o n of p e r i p h e r a l m e t e o r i c f l u i d s . L a t e r a l t h e r m a l c o l l a p s e had t h e e f f e c t o f s h i f t i n g t h e b a r r i e r b etween magmatic dominated-and m e t e o r i c d o m i n a t e d f l u i d s i n w a r d s o v e r e a r l i e r b i o t i t e a l t e r a t i o n . T h i s r e s u l t e d i n p e r i p h e r a l a r e a s of t h e b i o t i t e zone u n d e r g o i n g a l t e r a t i o n t o , f i r s t , g r e e n b i o t i t e , and t h e n t o F e - r i c h c h l o r i t e . t o f o r m a p r o p y l i t i c a s s e m b l a g e . At B e r g r e t r o g r a d e p r o p y l i t i z a t i o n i s c h a r a c t e r i z e d by z o n e s o f i n t e n s e c h l o r i t i z a t i o n r e s t r i c t e d t o a r e a s of maximum f r a c t u r e i n t e n s i t y i n b i o t i t i z e d r o c k s . Where r o c k s a r e r e l a t i v e l y u n f r a c t u r e d e a r l i e r b i o t i t e i s p r e s e r v e d . These a r e a s a r e o n l y l o c a l l y p r o p y l i t i z e d a d j a c e n t t o t y p e 3b v e i n s ( T a b l e 2.2) t h a t p r o b a b l y a c t e d as c h a n n e l w a y s f o r the e n c r o a c h i n g m e t e o r i c w a t e r s . M i n e r a l o g i c a l c h a n g e s s u g g e s t t h a t t h e . e n c r o a c h i n g f l u i d s w i t h r e l a t i v e l y l o w K t o H r a t i o s r e a c t e d a t - 48 -r e l a t i v e l y l o w t e m p e r a t u r e w i t h r o c k s h i g h i n Ca, Fe and Mg. T e m p e r a t u r e e s t i m a t e s f o r t h e p r o p y l i t i c a s s e m b l a g e s by S h e p p a r d e t o a l . ( 1 9 7 1 ) s u g g e s t t e m p e r a t u r e s b e l o w 400 C and p o s s i b l y as low as o o 160 C t o 220 C. I n w a r d e n c r o a c h m e n t of m e t e o r i c f l u i d s o c c u r r e d i n two s t a g e s a t t h e B e r g d e p o s i t . R e t r o g r a d e p r o p y l i t i z a t i o n of t h e b i o t i t e zone and p o r p h y r y s t o c k ( a s shown by t h e p r e s e n c e of Type 3b v e i n s , c h l o r i t i z e d b i o t i t e and e p i d o t i z e d p l a g i o c l a s e ) p r e c e d e d downward c o l l a p s e o f t h e s y s t e m . R e t r o g r a d e a l t e r a t i o n of t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e t o a p h y l l i c a s s e m b l a g e of q u a r t z , s e r i c i t e and p y r i t e ( P l a t e 2.7) r e s u l t e d f r o m c o o l i n g of t h e s t o c k and a d e c l i n e of m agmatic h y d r o t h e r m a l f l u i d o u t p u t w h i c h a l l o w e d g r o u n d w a t e r s t o d e s c e n d i n t o t h e s y s t e m . I n t e n s e l y f r a c t u r e d m a r g i n s t o t h e s t o c k and w a l l r o c k c o m p o s i t i o n c o n t r o l l e d t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h i s a l t e r a t i o n z o n e . A r e a s w i t h h i g h f r a c t u r e i n t e n s i t y a l l o w e d h e a t e d g r o u n d w a t e r s t o p e r c o l a t e d e e p l y i n t o t h e s t o c k where p o t a s s i u m and a l u m i n u m r i c h r o c k s f a v o r e d p h y l l i c a s s e m b l a g e d e v e l o p m e n t . B i o t i t e h o r n f e l s w a l l r o c k s were o n l y w e a k l y s e r i c i t i z e d due t o t h e i r more m a f i c c o r n - p o s i t i o n ( P l a t e 2 . 8 ) . Here t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of c h l o r i t e w i t h s e r i c i t e a l t e r a t i o n i n e n v e l o p e s on l a t e q u a r t z v e i n s d o c u ments t h e r m a l c o l l a p s e . T h i s i m p l i e s t h a t p h y l l i c a l t e r a t i o n and r e t r o g r a d e . p r o p y l i t i z a t i o n a r e s i m i l a r i n o r i g i n ; t h e f o r m e r o c c u r s i n p e r i p h e r a l a r e a s where r o c k s a r e c a l c i u m , i r o n and magnesium r i c h , and t h e l a t t e r i n f r a c t u r e d z o n e s t h a t had been, a l t e r e d p r e v i o u s l y by magmatic h y d r o t h e r m a l f l u i d s t h a t had l e f t p o t a s s i u m and a l u m i n u m r i c h r o c k s . - 49 -Low c o p p e r g r a d e s and i n c r e a s e d p y r i t e to c h a l c o p y r i t e r a t i o s o c c u r where r o c k s have been p h y l l i c a l l y a l t e r e d ; t e x t u r e s s u g g e s t t h a t p y r i t e has r e p l a c e d p r e - e x i s t i n g o x i d e and s u l p h i d e m i n e r a l s . S i m i l a r o b s e r v a t i o n s f r o m many o t h e r d e p o s i t s s u g g e s t t h a t l a t e p h y l l i c a l t e r a t i o n o f t h e t y p e s e e n a t B e r g i s n o t uncommon and t h a t c o n s i d e r a b l e m o d i f i c a t i o n of g r a d e s o c c u r s . B r i m h a l l ( 1 9 8 0 ) s u g g e s t s t h a t f l u i d s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r p h y l l i c a l t e r a t i o n ( c h a r a c t e r i z e d by h i g h a c i d i t y , l o w o x i d a t i o n and h i g h s u l p h i d a t i o n p o t e n t i a l s ) a c t u a l l y l e a c h base m e t a l s f r o m p r e - e x i s t i n g m i n e r a l i z e d z o n e s and r e p l a c e o r i g i n a l s u l p h i d e s w i t h p y r i t e , and s i l i c a t e a s s e m b l a g e s w i t h s e r i c i t e . 2.6 CONCLUSIONS R e - e v a l u a t i o n of t h e a l t e r a t i o n and m i n e r a l i z a t i o n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of t h e B e r g p o r p h y r y c o p p e r - m o l y b d e n u m d e p o s i t has l e d t o t h e f o l l o w i n g c o n c l u s i o n s : 1) The 50 Ma B e r g q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e s t o c k was e m p l a c e d i n t o a zone o f h o r n f e l s t h a t had p r e v i o u s l y f o r m e d a r o u n d an o l d e r q u a r t z d i o r i t e i n t r u s i o n . T h i s h o r n f e l s zone a c t e d as a b r i t t l e medium p r o m o t i n g f r a c t u r e d e v e l o p m e n t d u r i n g t h e emplacement and c o o l i n g of t h e B e r g s t o c k . 2) F r a c t u r e s d e v e l o p e d a r o u n d t h e B e r g s t o c k a c t e d as c h a n n e l w a y s f o r magmatic h y d r o t h e r m a l f l u i d s t h a t were r e s p o n s i b l e f o r p o t a s s i u m m e t a s o m a t i s m o f t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e and s u r r o u n d i n g - 5 0 -h o r n f e l s e d v o l c a n i c r o c k s . 3) I n i t i a l * o r e m i n e r a l d e p o s i t i o n p r o b a b l y o c c u r r e d by s i m p l e r e p l a c e m e n t r e a c t i o n s ( o f s u l p h i d e s f o r i r o n b e a r i n g i g n e o u s m i n e r a l s ) o r by r e a c t i o n o f i r o n ( l i b e r a t e d d u r i n g b i o t i t i z a t i o n ) w i t h c o p p e r i o n s and r e d u c e d s u l p h u r i n s o l u t i o n . C o o l i n g a c c o m p a n y i n g sudden p r e s s u r e r e l e a s e l i k e l y was an i m p o r t a n t p r e c i p i t a t i o n mechanism w i t h i n t h e i n t r u s i o n . L a t e r o r e m i n e r a l d e p o s i t i o n o c c u r r e d a t l o w e r t e m p e r a t u r e s ( i n f e r r e d f r o m p h y l l i c and p r o p y l i t i c a s s e m b l a g e s ) by m i x i n g w i t h c o o l , l e s s a c i d m e t e o r i c w a t e r s t h a t e n c r o a c h e d i n w a r d s t o w a r d s t h e s t o c k . P r e c i p i t a t i o n o c c u r r e d i n a zone of m i x i n g ( o u t l i n e d by t h e d i s a p p e a r a n c e o f a n h y d r i t e and t h e o n s e t of r e t r o g r a d e p r o p y l i t i z a t i o n ) by d i s a s s o c i a t i o n o f base m e t a l c h l o r i d e and b i s u l p h i d e c o m p l e x e s . 4) P o t e n t i a l o r e b o d i e s a r e l o c a l i z e d w i t h i n z o n e s of maximum f r a c t u r e i n t e n s i t y t h a t c o i n c i d e w i t h a l t e r e d b i o t i t e h o r n f e l s . Where t h e r e was no p r e - e x i s t i n g h o r n f e l s ( i . e . on t h e west s i d e of t h e s t o c k ) a l t e r a t i o n z o n e s a r e t e l e s c o p e d and o r e m i n e r a l i z a t i o n i s weak. A p p l i c a t i o n s o f t h i s s t u d y t o p r o p e r t y and r e g i o n a l e x p l o r a t i o n i n c l u d e : 1) E x p l o r a t i o n on a r e g i o n a l s c a l e s h o u l d l o o k f o r o r e z o n e s a r o u n d 50 Ma m o n z o n i t e s t o c k s w h i c h have i n t r u d e d h o r n f e l s e d z o n e s f o r m e d by e a r l i e r d i o r i t i c and q u a r t z d i o r i t i c i n t r u s i o n s . 2) T h i n s e c t i o n and hand s p e c i m e n a n a l y s i s can be u s e d t o i n d i c a t e f a v o r a b l e p o t a s s i c a l t e r a t i o n of s u c h h o r n f e l s . T h i s - 51 -a l t e r a t i o n can a l s o be d e m o n s t r a t e d u s i n g s i m p l e m a j o r e l e m e n t r a t i o s t o compare p o t e n t i a l l y a l t e r e d r o c k s w i t h f r e s h r e g i o n a l e q u i v a l e n t s . 3) D e t a i l e d s u r f a c e mapping s h o u l d c o n c e n t r a t e on f r a c t u r e and v e i n d e n s i t y and d i s t r i b u t i o n , a l t e r a t i o n t y p e and s u l p h i d e , o c c u r r e n c e ( i n c l u d i n g p y r i t e t o c h a l c o p y r i t e r a t i o s ) . 4) Diamond d r i l l - h o l e s t o t e s t p o t e n t i a l o r e z o n e s s h o u l d be l o c a t e d o v e r z o n e s of i n t e n s e f r a c t u r i n g and p o t a s s i c a l t e r a t i o n . - 52 -CHAPTER 3 MODIFICATIONS OF PRIMARY GEOCHEMICAL PATTERNS BY LEACHING AND SUPERGENE ENRICHMENT 3.1 INTRODUCTION G e o c h e m i c a l e x p l o r a t i o n f o r p o r p h y r y c o p p e r - m o l y b d e n u m d e p o s i t s has r e l i e d on t h e d e t e c t i o n of s e c o n d a r y d i s p e r s i o n h a l o e s f o r m e d by t h e s e e l e m e n t s ( C o o p e , 1 9 7 3 ) . R e c e n t l y , h o w e v e r , t h e r e has been an im p r o v e m e n t i n b o t h o u r u n d e r s t a n d i n g of t h e g e n e s i s o f p o r p h y r y m i n e r a l i z a t i o n ( L o w e l l and G u i l b e r t , 1970; Rose and B e r t , 1979 Burnham, 1979, T i t l e y , 1982) and i n 1 i t h o g e o c h e m i c a l d a t a f o r t r a c e e l e m e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n s i n p o r p h y r y s y s t e m s ( e . g . O l a d e and F l e t c h e r , 1975, 1976, and C h a f f e e 1 9 7 6 ) . A p p l i c a t i o n of t h e s e d a t a i s l i m i t e d by t h e l a c k o f i n f o r m a t i o n on t h e i n f l u e n c e o f s u p e r g e n e p r o c e s s e s on t h e p r i m a r y g e o c h e m i c a l p a t t e r n s . T h i s c h a p t e r , t h e r e f o r e , r e p o r t s f i r s t l y on t h e g e o c h e m i c a l p a t t e r n s i n t h e hypogene zone of t h e B e r g p o r p h y r y c o p p e r molybdenum d e p o s i t , and s e c o n d l y on t h e m o d i f i c a t i o n o f t h e s e p a t t e r n s by s u p e r g e n e p r o c e s s e s . 3.2 GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS 3.2.1 S a m p l i n g O u t c r o p s were' s a m p l e d and c o r e c o l l e c t e d f r o m 13 diamond d r i l l h o l e s on a n o r t h - s o u t h s e c t i o n of t h e d e p o s i t . D r i l l c o r e was l o g g e d u s i n g t h e GE0L0G s y s t e m ( B l a n c h e t and Go d w i n , 1972 ; Godwin e_t. a l . , - 53 -1771 1 1 1 „ 7 n r t A i 21 o QFP QMP QPP PBQP Breccia Quartz Diorite Hornfels t t 'tVtV-t V t V - * t.t.t • t' J t t t x> . X X X X X X + + + + + \+ + -t-• + + + t t t t /X X X X X x) X X +• + + + + + + + + + + + +1 +• + + + + X X X >l \+ + + -t-•+ +J + + X X X v X 2 5 300m A A A A F i g u r e 3.1 L o c a t i o n s of diamond d r i l l h o l e s sampled f o r t h i s s t u d y . - 54 -1984) and e v e r y a l t e r n a t e 10 f t . i n t e r v a l was s a m p l e d ; a t o t a l of 450 s a m p l e s we're t a k e n ( A p p e n d i x C ) . Wherever p o s s i b l e c h i p s a m p l e s were c o l l e c t e d f r o m o u t c r o p w i t h i n a 50 f t . r a d i u s of e a c h d r i l l s i t e . P r e c i p i t a t e and s t r e a m s e d i m e n t s a m p l e s were c o l l e c t e d f r o m t h e main d r a i n a g e s on .the p r o p e r t y (Red and Pump C r e e k s ) . F i n e s e d i m e n t s a m p l e s were t a k e n a t 150 f t . i n t e r v a l s a l o n g t h e e n t i r e l e n g t h of e a c h c r e e k ; p r e c i p i t a t e s were c o l l e c t e d o v e r s e v e r a l weeks f r o m s i x l o c a t i o n s . At a l l l o c a t i o n s w a t e r pH was d e t e r m i n e d u s i n g l i q u i d i n d i c a t o r s o l u t i o n . 3.2.2 Sample P r e p a r a t i o n and A n a l y s i s Rock and s t r e a m s e d i m e n t s a m p l e s were r e d u c e d t o minus 100 mesh by r e p e a t e d c r u s h i n g and p u l v e r i z i n g i n a jaw c r u s h e r and c e r a m i c d i s c m i l l . P r e c i p i t a t e s a m p l e s were h o m o g e n i z e d u s i n g an a g a t e p e s t l e and m o r t a r . D i g e s t i o n was by h o t c o n c e n t r a t e d n i t r i c -p e r c h l o r i c a c i d s an.d c o p p e r , molybdenum, z i n c , l e a d , cadmium, n i c k e l , c o b a l t , s i l v e r and manganese were d e t e r m i n e d by f l a m e a t o m i c a b s o r p t i o n ( A p p e n d i x A ) . M a j o r e l e m e n t s were d e t e r m i n e d on t h e same s a m p l e s by X-Ray f l u o r e s c e n c e (XRF) u s i n g 10 g p r e s s e d powder p e l l e t s . F l u o r i n e was d e t e r m i n e d by s p e c i f i c i o n e l e c t r o d e a f t e r a s o d i u m c a r b o n a t e / p o t a s s i urn n i t r a t e f u s i o n . S e q u e n t i a l e x t r a c t i o n t e c h n i q u e s were used t o s t u d y d i s t r i b u t i o n o f e l e m e n t s ( p a r t i c u l a r l y c o p p e r ) between m i n e r a l - 55 -Sequential Extraction Extraction Phases Dissolved 10% HCI Ammonium Oxalate KCI03/HCI HNO^/HCIO^ (4:1) Carbonates, adsorbed Amorphous oxides Sulphides Silicates F i g u r e 3.2 S e q u e n t i a l e x t r a c t i o n p r o c e d u r e f o r d r i l l c o r e s a m p l e s . - . 5 6 -p h a s e s i n r o c k s and s t r e a m p r e c i p i t a t e s . The p r o c e d u r e f o r c o r e s a m p l e s i s s u m m a r i z e d i n F i g u r e 3.1 ( d e t a i l s of t h e s e q u e n t i a l e x t r a c t i o n s u s e d on o u t c r o p s a m p l e s a r e d e t a i l e d i n A p p e n d i x A ) . E x t r a c t s o l u t i o n s were a n a l y s e d f o r c o p p e r , molybdenum, c a l c i u m and i r o n by f l a m e a t o m i c a b s o r p t i o n . 3.2.3 Q u a l i t y C o n t r o l E s t i m a t i o n o f t o t a l p r e c i s i o n f o r a l l g e o c h e m i c a l a n a l y s e s were d e t e r m i n e d u s i n g t h e method of Thompson and H o w a r t h ( 1 9 7 6 , 1 9 7 8 ) . P r e c i s i o n e s t i m a t e s a r e s u m m a r i z e d i n T a b l e 3.1. T a b l e 3.1. A n a l y t i c a l P r e c i s i o n ( 9 5 % l e v e l ; n= 29) O x i d e P r e c i s i o n E l e m e n t P r e c i s i o n Cu . 15% Mo 25% Pb 3 0 % Zn 15% N i 20% Co 20% Ag 35% Mn 25% F • 60% Si0„ A l 9 0 o Fe^O^ MgO CaO Na„0 K 6 Ti0„ P 0 r 2 U 5 1% 5% 15% 10% 10% 20% 10% 15% 20% A f t e r method .of Thompson and H o w a r t h ( 1 9 7 6 , 1978) 3.3 RESULTS 3.3.1 G e o c h e m i c a l P a t t e r n s i n t h e Hypogene Zone: M a j o r E l e m e n t s M a j o r e l e m e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n w i t h i n t h e hypogene zone s t r o n g l y r e f l e c t s t h e c o m p o s i t i o n a l v a r i a t i o n s o f t h e h o s t r o c k s ( F i g . 3.3) - 57 -%SiQ2 %Fe 2 0 3 %MgO %CaO %TiQ 2 QMP | PBQP | HORN f QMP PBQP f HORN |< QMP | PBQP | HORN | QMP | PBQP | HORN | QMP | PBQP |, HORN \ 76 12 13 12 74 72 11 10 12 11 11 10 20 70 9 10 9 68 66 < > < > 8 7 < > 9 8 8 7 64 6 7 6 62 60 58 56 < 5 4 3 2 > < 6 5 4 3 < > < 5 4 3 2 < > < 10 < : i > 54 52 1 o 2 1 < > 1 0 00 I F i g u r e 3.3 M a j o r e l e m e n t g e o c h e m i s t r y o f r o c k u n i t s f rom t h e m i n e r a l i z e d z o n e . The most o b v i o u s p a t t e r n i s t h e s h a r p c o n t r a s t between t h e a l t e r e d h o r n f e l s e d v o l c a n i c r o c k s and t h e q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e s t o c k . The f o r m e r a r e c h a r a c t e r i z e d by h i g h Fe 0 , T i O and MgO c o n t e n t s due t o an 2 3 2 ' a b u n d a n c e of m a f i c m i n e r a l s ( h o r n b l e n d e , b i o t i t e and c h l o r i t e ) . F i g u r e 3.3 i l l u s t r a t e s t h e m a j o r e l e m e n t v a r i a t i o n s f o r e a c h r o c k t y p e f r o m t h e m i n e r a l i z e d z o n e . V a r i a t i o n i n t h e m a j o r e l e m e n t c o n t e n t w i t h i n t h e p h a s e s of t h e s t o c k can be c o r r e l a t e d w i t h t h e r e l a t i v e amount of b i o t i t e and p l a g i o c l a s e p r e s e n t . CaO c o n c e n t r a t i o n s l a r g e l y r e f l e c t t h e p r e s e n c e of a n h y d r i t e , gypsum and c a l c i t e i n l a t e h y d r o t h e r m a l v e i n s ( H e b e r l e i n and G o d w i n , 1 9 8 4 ) . D i s t r i b u t i o n o f Na 0 and K 0 r e f l e c t s h y d r o t h e r m a l a l t e r a t i o n . 2 2 • A n o m a l o u s l y h i g h K 0 c o n c e n t r a t i o n s ( i . e . g r e a t e r t h a n 4.3% - f r o m 2 l o g p r o b a b i l i t y g r a p h s ) a r e a r r a n g e d i n an a n n u l a r zone t h a t c o r r e s p o n d s t o a r e a s of s e c o n d a r y b i o t i t e and o r t h o c l a s e a l t e r a t i o n ( F i g s . 1.3 and 2 . 1 ) . Na 0 i s c o n c e n t r a t e d t o w a r d s t h e c e n t e r -of t h e 2 s t o c k w i t h v a l u e s d e c r e a s i n g g r a d u a l l y o u t w a r d s . Rock t y p e s i m i l a r l y i n f l u e n c e s Na 0 d i s t r i b u t i o n . The PBP u n i t ( F i g . 1.3) has h i g h e r 2 v a l u e s t h a n t h e o t h e r i n t r u s i v e p h a s e s and t h i s i s a t t r i b u t e d t o a h i g h e r modal p e r c e n t a g e of p l a g i o c l a s e ( 1 9 % ; o l i g o c l a s e t o a n d e s i n e ) . H i g h e s t Na 0 v a l u e s o c c u r i n t h e i n t r u s i v e b r e c c i a p i p e 2 s o u t h of t h e s t o c k . 3.3.2 G e o c h e m i c a l P a t t e r n s i n t h e Hypogene Zone: T r a c e E l e m e n t s Z o n a t i o n of t r a c e e l e m e n t s w i t h i n t h e hypogene zone ca n be d e m o n s t r a t e d by d e f i n i n g ' a n o m a l o u s ' s u b - p o p u l a t i o n s by p a r t i o n i n g - 59 -(on r o c k t y p e and a l t e r a t i o n ) w i t h t h e a i d of c u m u l a t i v e , l o g p r o b a b i l i t y gr'aphs ( S i n c l a i r , 1974, 1 9 7 6 ) . A s t a t i s t i c a l summary of t h e ' a n o m a l o u s ' h i g h p o p u l a t i o n s and low p o p u l a t i o n s f o r e ach e l e m e n t i s shown i n T a b l e 3.2. On a c r o s s s e c t i o n of t h e d e p o s i t ( F i g . 3 . 4 ) , t h e h i g h p o p u l a t i o n f o r c o p p e r f o r m s a p r o m i n e n t a n n u l a r zone t h a t s t r a d d l e s t h e i n t r u s i v e c o n t a c t . W i t h i n t h i s zone t h e g r e a t e s t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s of c o p p e r o c c u r i n t h e a l t e r e d h o r n f e l s c l o s e t o a r e a s h a v i n g a h i g h c h a l c o p y r i t e / p y r i t e r a t i o s ( F i g . 2 . 1 ) . Copper g r a d e d e c r e a s e s away f r o m t h e i n t r u s i v e c o n t a c t . T a b l e 3.2 T r a c e e l e m e n t p o p u l a t i o n s : hypogene zone (n= 241) E l e m e n t T h r e s h o l d XI SI X2 S2 Cu 300 1348 1252 109 51 Mo 102 320 243 80 80 Zn 88 153 70 39 25 Pb 23 36 4 10 84 N i 21 28 6 15 2 Co 16 29 6 13 2 Ag 2.31 2 . ,91 0. .49 1 . 24 0 T h r e s h o l d s d e t e r m i n e d by p r o b a b i l i t y g r a p h s ( S i n c l a i r , 1 9 7 4 ) . XI and X2 r e f e r t o t h e means of t h e h i g h and low p o p u l a t i o n s , r e s p e c t i v e l y . SI and S2 r e f e r t o t h e s t a n d a r d d e v i a t i o n s of t h o s e p o p u l a t i o n s . A l l v a l u e s a r e i n p a r t s per m i l l i o n . Molybdenum a l s o o c c u r s i n an a n n u l a r zone t h a t i s e n t i r e l y e n c l o s e d w i t h i n t h e c o p p e r zone ( F i g . 2 . 1 ) . H i g h e s t molybdenum g r a d e s a r e f o u n d a t t h e c o n t a c t of t h e s t o c k . S i l v e r and f l u o r i n e d i s t r i b u t i o n s a r e s i m i l a r t o t h o s e of c o p p e r and molybdenum, however t h e s i l v e r a n omaly i s more r e s t r i c t e d and t h e f l u o r i n e anomaly i s more e x t e n s i v e ( p a r t i c u l a r l y t o t h e s o u t h of t h e i n t r u s i o n ) . L ead and z i n c s u b - p o p u l a t i o n s f o r m d i s t a l h a l o e s a r o u n d the o r e s h e l l . a n d - 60 -Q. < O LU z LU O DC LU 0_ (0 -Pb — Z n -Zn -Ag -Mo -Zn -Mo -Pb Pb -Cu Mo -K -Pb < o Z - A g -Cu K -F —Mo -Ag -Cu -Pb -Pb LU z LU <D O 0. >-I Pb K Ag -Mo — C u -Zn K -Mo -Ag Cu -Pb -Zn N T T . I , l | v 1 ' F i g u r e 3.4 E l e m e n t z o n a t i o n i n t h e hypogene, s u p e r g e n e and l e a c h e d c a p p i n g zones a t t h e B e r g d e p o s i t . E l e m e n t l i n e s r e p r e s e n t t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f anomalous p o p u l a t i o n s ( T a b l e s 3.2 and 3.3) d e f i n e d from p r o b a b i l i t y g r a p h s . - 61 -a s e c o n d , p o o r l y d e v e l o p e d h a l o i s i n s i d e t h e cop-per z o n e . d e v e l o p e d w i t h i n t h e i n t r u s i v e , 3.3.3 G e o c h e m i c a l P a t t e r n s i n t h e S u p e r g e n e Zone and L e a c h e d Cap P r i m a r y t r a c e e l e m e n t z o n a t i o n p a t t e r n s ( F i g . 3.4; T a b l e 3.3) p e r s i s t t o t h e s u r f a c e w i t h l i t t l e m o d i f i c a t i o n by s u p e r g e n e p r o c e s s e s . The c o p p e r zone becomes w i d e r i n t h e s u p e r g e n e zone w i t h maximum g r a d e s a t t h e i n t r u s i v e c o n t a c t , w h e r e a s s i l v e r and f l u o r i n e a n o m a l i e s a r e a b s e n t f r o m t h e l e a c h e d cap a t t h e n o r t h and s o u t h T a b l e 3.3. T r a c e e l e m e n t p o p u l a t i o n s : s u p e r g e n e (n=98) E l e m e n t T h r e s h o l d XI SI X2 S2 Cu 1610 2300 390 1000 700 Mo 90 170 61 60 39 Zn 209 590 235 36 . 18 Pb 21 ' 36 17 10 5 Ag 0.60 2.45 0.55 0.39 0 See T a b l e 3.1 f o r ex p l a n a t i o n s i d e s of t h e i n t r u s i o n , r e s p e c t i v e l y . A l t h o u g h hypogene g e o c h e m i c a l p a t t e r n s a r e l a r g e l y r e t a i n e d i n t h e s u p e r g e n e and l e a c h e d c a p , t h e r e . h a s been c o n s i d e r a b l e v e r t i c a l r e d i s t r i b u t i o n of e l e m e n t s . T h i s has been i n v e s t i g a t e d u s i n g a s e q u e n t i a l e x t r a c t i o n and i n t e r - e l e m e n t r a t i o s . The s e q u e n t i a l e x t r a c t i o n t e c h n i q u e ( F i g . 3.2) a l l o w s - t h e p a r t i t i o n i n g of c o p p e r between c a r b o n a t e , o x i d e , s u l p h i d e and s i l i c a t e m i n e r a l s t o be s t u d i e d . When p l o t t e d on a c r o s s s e c t i o n of - 62 -F i g u r e 3.5 R e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f c o p p e r b e t w e e n c a r b o n a t e , o x i d e , s u l p h i d e and s i l i c a t e m i n e r a l s i n t h e h y p o g e n e , s u p e r g e n e and l e a c h e d c a p p i n g z o n e s a t t h e B e r g d e p o s i t . S t r i p p l o t s d i s p l a y t o t a l c o p p e r ( d o t t e d s o l i d l i n e ) , s u l p h i d e c o p p e r ( s o l i d l i n e ) and c a r b o n a t e p l u s o x i d e c o p p e r ( d o t t e d l i n e ) . S h a d i n g o u t l i n e s t h e e n r i c h e d z o n e . - 63 -t h e d e p o s i t . ( F i g . 3 . 5 ) , t h e r e s u l t s show t h a t s u l p h i d e s (KC10 I 3 e x t r a c t a b l e c o p p e r ) a r e t h e p r i n c i p l e h o s t f o r c o p p e r . N e v e r t h e l e s s i n some a r e a s (BRG DH078 and 085: F i g . 2.1 and 3.5) an i n c r e a s e i n 10% HC1 e x t r a c t a b l e and ammonium o x a l a t e e x t r a c t a b l e c o p p e r ( e s p e c i a l l y n e a r t h e s u r f a c e ) , a c c o m p a n i e d by a d e c r e a s e i n KC10 - 3 e x t r a c t a b l e c o p p e r , i n d i c a t e s o x i d a t i o n i s o c c u r r i n g a t t h e t o p of t h e s u p e r g e n e zone (SUS) t o f o r m a s u p e r g e n e o x i d e z o n e . I n a d d i t i o n , s u p e r g e n e o x i d e m i n e r a l s a r e f o u n d i n f a u l t z o n e s and a d j a c e n t t o m a f i c d i k e s t h a t c r o s s c u t t h e m i n e r a l i z e d z o n e . S u p e r g e n e o x i d e (SOX) i s b e s t d e v e l o p e d i n d r i l l h o l e s BRG DH078 and 085 but nowhere on t h e s e c t i o n does SOX c o p p e r e x c e e d SUS. Molybdenum shows a s i m i l a r d i s t r i b u t i o n t o c o p p e r w i t h m o l y b d e n i t e as t h e d o m i n a n t s p e c i e s i n t h e hypogene and s u p e r g e n e z o n e s . F e r r i m o 1 y b d i t e i s w i d e s p r e a d i n h i g h l y o x i d i z e d a r e a s where i r o n o x i d e s a r e a b u n d a n t . O t h e r molybdenum m i n e r a l s have been r e p o r t e d ( P a n t e l e y e v , 1976, 1981) and i n c l u d e s e v e r a l o x i d e s s p e c i e s ( b l a n c h a r d i t e ; an iron-mo1ybdenum s p i n e l [FeMoO ] and s i b o l a i t e ; a 4 h i t h e r t o unknown molybdenum o x i d e s p e c i e s [MoO ] ( N o r t o n and 2 . M a r i a n o , 1967) . R e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f e l e m e n t s i s a l s o s t u d i e d u s i n g i n t e r e l e m e n t r a t i o s . I n t h i s i n s t a n c e we have u s e d t h e r a t i o o f t r a c e e l e m e n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s t o T i O on t h e b a s i s t h a t : 2 1) T i O i s p r i m a r i l y h o s t e d i n r e s i s t a n t m i n e r a l s s u c h as 2 r u t i l e , i l m e n i t e , and m a g n e t i t e and hence i t i s p a r t i c u l a r l y - 64 -r e s i s t a n t t o r e d i s t r i b u t i o n d u r i n g w e a t h e r i n g , and 2) C o n c e n t r a t i o n s of T i O a r e r e a s o n a b l y c o n s i s t e n t i n t h e 2 i n t r u s i o n ( 0 . 4 1 % + 0.15%) and t h e a l t e r e d h o r n f e l s ( 0 . 9 1 % + 0.20%) R e s u l t s n o r m a l i z e d t o t h e u n d e r l y i n g hypogene z o n e , a r e e x p r e s s e d by t h e f o l l o w i n g r a t i o : x x M/ ( T i O ) H M / R ( T i 0 2 ) Where "M" r e p r e s e n t s t h e e l e m e n t of i n t e r e s t , " x " t h e s u p e r g e n e or l e a c h e d c a p p i n g zone and " h " .the hypogene z o n e . T a b l e 3.4 T i O r a t i o d a t a f o r diamond d r i l l h o l e BRG DH078 Zone - z — — Cu Mo Pb Zn Ag Mn CAP 0.3 13.0 2 . 8. 0.7 11 .3 1 . 3 SOX 4.2 10 . 2 4.6 1.8 5 . 4 0.6 SUS n . p . n . p . n . p . n . p , . n . P • n . p . HYP 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1 .. 0 1.0 A b b r e v i a t i o n s : CAP= l e a c h e d c a p , S0X= S u p e r g e n e o x i d e z o n e , SSX= S u p e r g e n e s u l p h i d e zone and HYP= Hypogene z o n e , n.p.= zone not p r e s e n t . T h e r e i s c o n s i d e r a b l e l o c a l v a r i a t i o n i n t h i s r a t i o . . For example i n t h r e e s a m p l e s c o l l e c t e d n e a r d r i l l h o l e BRG DH078, t h e r a t i o f o r c o p p e r r a n g e s f r o m 0.299 t o 0.336. N e v e r t h e l e s s , when an a v e r a g e v a l u e i s u s e d , c o n s i s t e n t t r e n d s emerge. A v e r a g e r a t i o s of l e s s t h a n - 65 -1.0, t h e r e f o r e i m p l y t h a t t h e e l e m e n t has been d e p l e t e d f r o m a zone and v a l u e s g r e a t e r t h a n 1.0 i m p l y e n r i c h m e n t . T h u s , i n d r i l l h o l e BRG DH078 ( F i g . 3.5; T a b l e 3 . 4 ) , s i t u a t e d . a b o v e t h e water- t a b l e , a l l e l e m e n t s a r e e n r i c h e d i n t h e s u p e r g e n e e n r i c h m e n t zone (SUS and SOX z o n e s ) . I n t h e o v e r l y i n g CAP, c o p p e r , manganese and z i n c a r e d e p l e t e d ( l e a c h e d ) but molybdenum, l e a d and s i l v e r a r e e n r i c h e d . I n BRG DH085 ( F i g . 3.5; T a b l e 3 . 5 ) , c l o s e to t h e w a t e r t a b l e i n an a r e a where t h e s u p e r g e n e e n r i c h m e n t zone i s c l o s e t o t h e s u r f a c e , a l l e l e m e n t s s t u d i e d a r e e n r i c h e d a t t h e s u r f a c e . T a b l e 3.5 T i O r a t i o d a t a f o r diamond d r i l l h o l e BRG DH085 2 Zone Cu Mo Pb Zn A 8 Mn CAP n . p . n . p . n . p . n . p . n • P • n . p . SOX 4.2 2.8 3.6 14.0 1 .3 1 .6 SSX 1 . 2 0.8 0.6 1 . 7 1 .4 0.5 HYP 1.0 1.0 1.0 •1 . 0 1 .0 1 . 0 n.p.=zone not p r e s e n t . F e r r i c r e t e s s a m p l e s t a k e n f r o m s e v e r a l l o c a t i o n s on t h e p r o p e r t y show h i g h v a l u e s f o r a l l e l e m e n t s s t u d i e d (Cu 950, Mo 2250, Pb 377, Zn 245, Ag 4, Mn 155 and- F 480 ppm) s u g g e s t i n g t h a t e l e m e n t s l e a c h e d f r o m t h e c a p p i n g a r e b e i n g t i e d up w i t h t h e l i m o n i t e m i n e r a l s . - 66 -3.4 DISCUSSION T r a c e e l e m e n t d i s t r i b u t i o n p a t t e r n s i n t h e hypogene z o n e , w i t h c o i n c i d e n t c o p p e r and molybdenum a m o m a l i e s and more d i s t a l a c c u m u l a t i o n s of l e a d and z i n c , a r e s i m i l a r t o p a t t e r n s r e p o r t e d f o r o t h e r p o r p h y r y d e p o s i t s ( T h e o d o r e and N a sh, 1973; C h a f f e e , 1976; O l a d e and F l e t c h e r , 1 9 7 6 ) . The a s s o c i a t i o n of s i l v e r w i t h c o p p e r and molybdenum z o n e s as w e l l as w i t h t h e d i s t a l l e a d and z i n c z o n e s has been . r e p o r t e d f o r o t h e r d e p o s i t s e.g. K a l a m a z o o ( C h a f f e e , 1 9 7 6 ) . T h i s d i f f e r s f r o m d e p o s i t s s u c h as E l y ( M c C a r t h y and G o t t , 1978) where s i l v e r i s e n r i c h e d p r i m a r i l y i n t h e l e a d - z i n c z o n e . C o m p a r i n g hypogene p a t t e r n s t o t h o s e of t h e l e a c h e d c a p p i n g i t i s a p p a r e n t t h a t , e x c e p t f o r e l i m i n a t i o n of z i n c due t o l e a c h i n g by h i g h l y a c i d i c g r o u n d w a t e r , t h e r e l a t i v e p a t t e r n s ( f o r t h e e l e m e n t s s t u d i e d ) a r e o n l y s l i g h t l y m o d i f i e d . F u r t h e r m o r e , d e s p i t e o x i d a t i o n and l e a c h i n g s i n c e t h e l a s t g l a c i a t i o n ( i n t h e P l e i s t o c e n e ) a c o n s i d e r a b l e p r o p o r t i o n of c o p p e r i n o u t c r o p s a m p l e s i s s t i l l p r e s e n t e i t h e r as s e c o n d a r y o r , e s p e c i a l l y i n t o p o g r a p h i c l o w s , p r i m a r y s u l p h i d e s . T h i s i n p a r t r e f l e c t s t h e r u g g e d t o p o g r a p h y and t h e r a p i d m e c h a n i c a l ' as w e l l as c h e m i c a l w e a t h e r i n g of t h e d e p o s i t . Where o x i d a t i o n and l e a c h i n g have e x c e e d e d m e c h a n i c a l e r o s i o n ( a s i s t h e c a s e a t d r i l l h o l e 7 8 ) , c o p p e r , manganese and z i n c have been d e p l e t e d w h e r e a s t h e r e i s s u r f a c e e n r i c h m e n t of molybdenum, l e a d and s i l v e r . E n r i c h m e n t of molybdenum i n t h e B e r g g o s s a n and l e a c h e d cap was a l s o r e p o r t e d by P a n t e l e y e v ( 1 9 7 6 , 1981) and e n r i c h m e n t of b o t h l e a d and molybdenum i s c o n s i s t e n t w i t h t h e p r e s e n c e of - 67 -f e r r i m o l y b d i t e and p o s s i b l e p l u m b o j a r o s i t e on may a l s o be i m m o b i l i z e d i n j a r o s i t e , b u t t h i s B e r g . t h e ha s prop n o t er t y . S i l v e r been p r o v e n a t C l a s t i c m a t e r i a l i n t h e d r a i n a g e d e r i v e d f r o m t h e d e p o s i t s h o u l d i n i t i a l l y c o n t a i n a n o m a l o u s c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f s e v e r a l e l e m e n t s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h a v a r i e t y of w e a t h e r i n g p r o d u c t s . T h u s , c o p p e r can be i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t o s e d i m e n t s as p r i m a r y or s e c o n d a r y s u l p h i d e s , as s e c o n d a r y o x i d e and c a r b o n a t e s ( n e a r d i k e s ) o r a s s o c i a t e d w i t h l i m o n i t e . Molybdenum may be p r e s e n t as m o l y b d e n i t e , f e r r i m o l y b d i t e or o x i d e m i n e r a l s , or' t o g e t h e r w i t h l e a d and s i l v e r i n l i m o n i t i c g o s s a n f r a g m e n t s and amorphous o x i d e p r e c i p i t a t e s . Z i n c i s g e n e r a l l y a s s o c i a t e d w i t h i r o n and manganese o x i d e s w h i c h p r e c i p i t a t e d where a c i d i c g r o u n d w a t e r s e n c o u n t e r e d n e u t r a l s u r f a c e w a t e r s . C o n t i n u e d l e a c h i n g a c c o m p a n i e d by r e d u c t i o n i n r e l i e f w o u l d p r o b a b l y r e s u l t i n a m o 1 y b d e n u m - 1 e a d - s i 1 v e r - f 1 u o r i n e s i g n a t u r e i n r o c k s a t t h e s u r f a c e a bove t h e d e p o s i t . 3.5 CONCLUSIONS The f o l l o w i n g c o n c l u s i o n s c a n be made f r o m t h i s s t u d y 1) T r a c e e l e m e n t s f o r m d i s t i n c t a n n u l a r z o n e s a r o u n d t h e i n t r u s i o n - 68 -w i t h i n t h e hypogene z o n e . These z o n e s a r e o n l y s l i g h t l y m o d i f i e d by l e a c h i n g and s u p e r g e n e p r o c e s s e s . Z i n c b e i n g h i g h l y m o b i l e i n t h e s u p e r g e n e e n v i r o n m e n t i s removed f r o m t h e s u p e r g e n e and l e a c h e d c a p p i n g . C o p per i s p r i m a r i l y h o s t e d i n s u l p h i d e s i n t h e s u p e r g e n e and hypogene z o n e s . D e v e l o p m e n t of s u p e r g e n e o x i d e a s s e m b l a g e s i n a r e a s of i n t e n s e l e a c h i n g i s shown by an i n c r e a s e i n c a r b o n a t e and o x i d e a s s o c i a t e d c o p p e r . T h e r e has been c o n s i d e r a b l e v e r t i c a l r e d i s t r i b u t i o n of e l e m e n t s d u r i n g l e a c h i n g . I n h i g h l y l e a c h e d a r e a s Mo, Ag and Pb a r e c o n c e n t r a t e d i n t h e l e a c h e d c a p p i n g w i t h r e s p e c t t o t h e hypogene z o n e , w h e r e a s Zn, Cu and Mn a r e d e p l e t e d i n t h e l e a c h e d cap and s u p e r g e n e z o n e . C o p p e r , Mo, Pb, Zn, Ag and Mn a r e a l l a n o m a l o u s i n t h e c r e e k s d r a i n i n g t h e d e p o s i t . Cu can be p r e s e n t as d e t r i t a l p r i m a r y or s e c o n d a r y s u l p h i d e s ( a s a r e s u l t of r a p i d p h y s i c a l w e a t h e r i n g of t h e d e p o s i t ) or a s s o c i a t e d w i t h Zn and Mn i n o x i d e s p r e c i p i t a t e d d i r e c t l y f r o m s o l u t i o n . Mo can be p r e s e n t as d e t r i t a l m o l y b d e n i t e , f e r r i m o l y b d i t e or as o x i d e s s u c h as b l a n c h a r d i t e and s i b o l a i t e . Pb and Ag a r e a s s o c i a t e d w i t h j a r o s i t e and p r i m a r y s u l p h i d e s . A h i g h l y l e a c h e d d e p o s i t of t h i s t y p e w i l l show a s u r f a c e r o c k Mo-Pb-Ag-F s i g n a t u r e o v e r t h e m i n e r a l i z e d z o n e . - 69 -CHAPTER 4 LEACHING AND SUPERGENE ENRICHMENT AT THE BERG DEPOSIT 4.1 INTRODUCTION P r e v i o u s c h a p t e r s p r i m a r i l y have been c o n c e r n e d w i t h hypogene p r o c e s s e s t h a t a r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of m i n e r a l i z a t i o n , a l t e r a t i o n and g e o c h e m i c a l p a t t e r n s a t t h e B e r g d e p o s i t and m o d i f i c a t i o n s of t h e s e p a t t e r n s by s u p e r g e n e p r o c e s s e s . I n t h i s c h a p t e r m i n e r a l o g i c a l and g e o c h e m i c a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s of s u p e r g e n e p r o f i l e s f r o m t h r e e d r i l l h o l e s (BRG DH076, 078, 080; F i g . 3.1.) a r e d e s c r i b e d i n d e t a i l and a model f o r t o p o g r a p h i c c o n t r o l on t h e d e v e l o p m e n t of t h e s e p r o f i l e s i s o u t l i n e d . Hypogene m i n e r a l i z a t i o n a t B e r g i s o v e r l a i n by an e x t e n s i v e b l a n k e t o f s u p e r g e n e e n r i c h m e n t ( S t e w a r t , 1967; P a n t e l e y e v , 1981) t h a t v a r i e s i n t h i c k n e s s f r o m 48 f t . t o o v e r 330 f t . A l e a c h e d c a p p i n g o v e r l i e s t h e e n r i c h e d zone and i t s t h i c k n e s s i s c l o s e l y r e l a t e d t o t h e s u r f a c e t o p o g r a p h y ( F i g s . 3.5 and 4 . 5 ) . Maximum t h i c k n e s s e s of 75 f t . have been r e c o r d e d f r o m d r i l l h o l e s on or c l o s e t o t h e r i d g e c r e s t s . On s t e e p h i l l s i d e s t h e cap i s t h i n n e r , i n the. o r d e r o f t h r e e t o 15- f t . w h i l e on v a l l e y f l o o r s i t i s t h i n ( l e s s t h a n 5 f t . ) o r a b s e n t . - 70 -ZONE X O 0. < * UJ (/> QC UJ </> UJ 51 y GYPSUM ^ 1 Q. >1 MINERALOGY PY, CP.Mo. GY.Cv Cc .09 .Mc.Tn .Cu . Fm.Li I i J _ u . . — _ _ _ J _ L ' 4 — -J J _ 1 F i g u r e 4.1 A s c h e m a t i c s u p e r g e n e p r o f i l e f o r t h e B e r g d e p o s i t i l l u s t r a t i n g t h e v e r t i c a l d i s t r i b u t i o n of p r i m a r y and s e c o n d a r y m i n e r a l s . A b b r e v i a t i o n s a r e as f o l l o w s : C A P = l e a c h e d c a p p i n g , SOX=supergene o x i d e z o n e , SUS=supergene s u l p h i d e z o n e , HYP=hypogene z o n e , R S E = r e s i d u a l s u p e r g e n e e n r i c h m e n t z o n e , ESE=enhanced s u p e r g e n e e n r i c h m e n t z o n e , C c = c h a l c o c i t e , C p = c h a l c o p y r i t e , C u = n a t i v e c o p p e r / c u p r i t e , Cv = c o v e l 1 i t e , Dg = d i g e n i t e , F m = f e r r i m o l y b d i t e , Gy=gypsum, L i = l i m o n i t e , M c = m a 1 a c h i t e / a z u r i t e , P y = p y r i t e , Tn = t e n o r i t e . - 7 1 -4.2 SUPERGENE ZONATION A g e n e r a l i z e d v e r t i c a l p r o f i l e t h r o u g h t h e s u p e r g e n e zone s h o w i n g d i s t r i b u t i o n of s u p e r g e n e and hypogene m i n e r a l s i s i l l u s t r a t e d i n F i g u r e 4.1. The base of t h e s u p e r g e n e zone i s s h a r p and d e l i n e a t e d by t h e 'gypsum l i n e ' ( P a n t e l e y e v , 1981; H e b e r l e i n e t a l . , 1 9 8 3 ) . T h i s l i n e marks t h e l e v e l where f r a c t u r e s become s e a l e d by hypogene gypsum; t h i s l e v e l i s i n t e r p r e t e d as t h e maximum- d e p t h of g r o u n d w a t e r i n t e r a c t i o n w i t h hypogene m i n e r a l s . E l e v a t i o n of t h e gypsum l i n e c r u d e l y p a r a l l e l s s u r f a c e t o p o g r a p h y . T h r e e d i s t i n c t s u p e r g e n e z o n e s have been i d e n t i f i e d : a s u p e r g e n e s u l p h i d e zone (SUS), a s u p e r g e n e o x i d e zone (SOX) and a l e a c h e d cap ( C A P ) . Each zone i s c h a r a c t e r i z e d by an a s s e m b l a g e of s e c o n d a r y m i n e r a l s . a) t h e SUS zone i s c h a r a c t e r i z e d by c o v e l l i t e , d i g e n i t e and c h a l c o c i t e ( P a n t e l e y e v , 1 9 8 1 ) . These m i n e r a l s o c c u r as s o o t y b l a c k c o a t i n g s o n, or r e p l a c e m e n t s o f , hypogene s u l p h i d e s ( p y r i t e and c h a l c o p y r i t e ) and as f r a c t u r e f i l l i n g s . The SUS z o n e , i s f o u n d a t or i m m e d i a t e l y b e l o w t h e w a t e r t a b l e and i s s u p e r i m p o s e d o n t o hypogene m i n e r a l i z a t i o n . b) t h e SOX z o n e , t h o u g h n o t u n i v e r s a l l y d e v e l o p e d , i s p r e s e n t a t t h e t o p of t h e SUS. T h i s zone i s t y p i f i e d by c o p p e r o x i d e s ( c u p r i t e and t e n o r i t e ) , c a r b o n a t e s ( m a l a c h i t e , and a z u r i t e ) : and s u l f a t e s ( b r o c h a n t h i t e and c h a l c a n t h i t e ) a c c o m p a n i e d by some l i m o n i t e . The most w i d e s p r e a d SOX m i n e r a l i s c u p r i t e w h i c h o c c u r s as s m a l l (100 t o - 72 -500 u) e u h e d r a l c r y s t a l s w i t h g r a n u l a r i n d i g e n o u s l i m o n i t e s i n boxwork c a v i t i e s . T e n o r i t e and r a r e n a t i v e c o p p e r a r e f o u n d as c o a t i n g s on f r a c t u r e s and i n b o x w o r k s . M a l a c h i t e and a z u r i t e o c c u r r a r e l y as d i s s e m i n a t i o n s , f r a c t u r e f i l l i n g s a n d / o r c o a t i n g s on SOX m i n e r a l s , but a r e most a b u n d a n t c l o s e t o m a f i c d i k e s t h a t c r o s s c u t t h e m i n e r a l i z e d z o n e . I n o u t c r o p c l o s e t o d r i l l h o l e BRG DH080 t h e s e m i n e r a l s f o r m d i s c r e t e p e l l e t s up t o 5 mm i n d i a m e t e r . Other-m i n e r a l s e n c o u n t e r e d i n t h e SOX i n c l u d e : a n t l e r i t e ( P a n t e l e y e v , 1981) and d e l a f o s s i t e (Owens, 1 9 6 8 ) . c ) t h e CAP zone i s u b i q u i t o u s t o t h e d e p o s i t and e x t e n d s f r o m t h e s u r f a c e down t o t h e e n r i c h e d zone w i t h g r a d a t i o n a l c o n t a c t s . T h i s zone i s c h a r a c t e r i z e d by an abundance of l i m o n i t e m i n e r a l s ( g o e t h i t e , h e m a t i t e , j a r o s i t e , f e r r i m o l y b d i t e and o t h e r u n i d e n t i f i e d s p e c i e s of i r o n o x i d e s and s u l f a t e s ) t h a t o c c u r as boxwork f i l l i n g s a f t e r hypogene s u l p h i d e s ( i n d i g e n o u s l i m o n i t e ) , as f r a c t u r e f i l l i n g s ( f r i n g i n g l i m o n i t e ) and as l a m i n a t e d t o b o t r y o i d a l c o a t i n g s on o u t c r o p s ( t r a n s p o r t e d l i m o n i t e ; c f . B l a n c h a r d , 1 9 6 8 ) . 4.2.1 S u p e r g e n e P r o f i l e s T h r e e t y p e s o f s u p e r g e n e p r o f i l e s r e l a t e d t o t o p o g r a p h i c e n v i r o n m e n t have been o b s e r v e d a t t h e B e r g d e p o s i t . Each i s c h a r a c t e r i z e d by d i f f e r e n t c o m b i n a t i o n s of s u p e r g e n e z o n e s (CAP, SOX and SUS) and by d i f f e r e n t g e o c h e m i c a l p a t t e r n s . G e o l o g i c a l and g e o c h e m i c a l d a t a f o r t h r e e diamond d r i l l h o l e s (BRG DH076, 078 and 080 l o c a t e d i n F i g . 3.1) r e p r e s e n t i n g t h e s u p e r g e n e p r o f i l e s a r e i l l u s t r a t e d i n F i g u r e s 3.2, 3.3 and 3.4 ( G r a f L o g s t r i p p l o t s ) . F o r - 73 -e a c h p r o f i l e t h e p l o t s document g e o l o g i c a l d a t a ( r o c k t y p e [ c o l u m n 1] and v i s u a l l y e s t i m a t e d p e r c e n t a g e s of a l t e r a t i o n and o r e m i n e r a l s [ c o l u m n s 2 to' 9] w i t h t h e G - S c a l e [ A p p e n d i x B ] ) a t . t h e l e f t o f t h e f i g u r e . G e o c h e m i c a l d a t a f o r c o p p e r , molybdenum, z i n c , l e a d , s i l v e r , f l u o r i n e and manganese a r e d i s p l a y e d as s t r i p p l o t s on t h e r i g h t hand s i d e of t h e f i g u r e s . D e t a i l s of p r o f i l e s f o u n d i n t h e t h r e e h o l e s f o l l o w : 1) BRG DH076 ( F i g . 4.2) c o l l a r e d i n an i n c i s e d v a l l e y a t t h e edge of Red C r e e k ( P l a t e s 1.1 and 4.1) where t h e w a t e r t a b l e i s a t or n e a r s u r f a c e ( d e p e n d i n g on s e a s o n ) . Here t h e s u p e r g e n e p r o f i l e c o n t a i n s c o e x i s t i n g SUS ( c o v e l l i t e , d i g e n i t e and c h a l c o c i t e ) and hypogene s u l p h i d e s ( p y r i t e and c h a l c o p y r i t e ) . L e a c h i n g of c o p p e r n e a r s u r f a c e i s weak and hypogene s u l p h i d e s a r e o n l y p a r t i a l l y o x i d i z e d and a r e commonly c o a t e d w i t h SUS m i n e r a l s . These a r e p r e s e n t i n t r a c e amounts t o t h e gypsum l i n e a t 120 f t . w i t h h i g h e s t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s between 53 f t . and 80 f t . T r a c e amounts of SOX m i n e r a l s o c c u r between 70 f t . and 80 f t . E l e m e n t s t r i p p l o t s i n F i g u r e 4.2 show t h a t s u p e r g e n e e n r i c h m e n t i s v e r y weak and o n l y z i n c d i s p l a y s any e n r i c h m e n t ( e n r i c h m e n t f a c t o r [ e f ] of a p p r o . x i m a t e l y 2) i n t h e SUS. I n o u t c r o p l e a d ( e f = 5) and s i l v e r (ef=6+) a r e c o n s i d e r a b l y e n r i c h e d w h i l e c o p p e r , z i n c and manganese a r e d e p l e t e d . 2) BRG DH078 ( F i g . 4 . 3 ) , c o l l a r e d on a s t e e p s o u t h f a c i n g s l o p e , i n t e r s e c t e d a t h i c k , w e l l d e v e l o p e d s u p e r g e n e e n r i c h m e n t zone t h a t u n d e r l i e s a t h i n (13 f t . ) CAP, c h a r a c t e r i z e d by an abundance of - 74 -PUCER 0EVEL0PM6NT LTD BE«G CU-MQ PORPWPV. PPQP£RTY M3IIIII 'a-3 - i ' f t > > 5?? "3 J -US ±4* • i l l r •5?T - ± = ' 5 9 a I I p : § 11SI 1 0-• I 0-i I! I I :« i'i 58 I ° » « « i i • • Tit • 13 • I] 3L • • I ! ! | I "{'" } I :>!!!! rrtr » o o o o • j • • ° i 3 8 8 I •"I*"" 1 IN TERNA TIONAL GEOSfSrEWS CORPORArION GRAF. LOG F i g u r e 4.2 G r a f L o g s t r i p p l o t f o r t h e t o p 175 f t . of BRG DH076. V e r t i c a l s u p e r g e n e zones a r e d e f i n e d d e f i n e d f r o m g e o l o g i c a l d a t a , i l l u s t r a t e d a t l e f t . G - S c a l e s y m b o l s ( A p p e n d i x B) i l l u s t r a t e m i n e r a l a b u n d a n c e s . G e o c h e m i c a l d a t a i s d i s p l a y e d as h i s t o g r a m s a t the r i g h t - 75 -l i m o n i t e and a l a c k of s e c o n d a r y c o p p e r m i n e r a l s . S u p e r g e n e e n r i c h m e n t o c c u r s i n two d i s t i n c t z o n e s . An u p p e r R e s i d u a l S u p e r g e n e E n r i c h m e n t zone (RSE: F i g . 4.1) and a l o w e r c o n t i g u o u s E nhanced S u p e r g e n e E n r i c h m e n t zone ( E S E : F i g . 4.1) G e o c h e m i c a l p a t t e r n s i n F i g u r e 4.3 show t h a t t h e ESE i s h i g h l y e n r i c h e d i n c o p p e r ( e f = 6 ) , molybdenum ( e f = 2 ) , z i n c ( e f = 1 . 5 ) and s i l v e r ( e f = 1 . 2 ) w h i l e t h e RSE i s o n l y w e a k l y e n r i c h e d i n c o p p e r ( e f = 2 ) , molybdenum ( e f = 2 ) , z i n c ( e f = 1 . 2 ) , l e a d ( e f = l . l ) and s i l v e r ( e f = 1 . 4 ) . I n t h e o v e r l y i n g CAP molybdenum ( e f = 1 0 ) and s i l v e r ( e f = 6 ) a r e c o n s i d e r a b l y e n r i c h e d b u t c o p p e r , z i n c and manganese a r e d e p l e t e d . 3) BRG DH080 ( F i g . 4 . 4 ) , c l o s e t o t h e r i d g e c r e s t , c o n t a i n s ' a t h i c k (60 f t . ) p a r t i a l l y l e a c h e d and o x i d i z e d zone w i t h a b u n d a n t l i m o n i t e m a n t l i n g p a r t i a l l y decomposed hypogene s u l p h i d e s . S m a l l amounts of SUS a r e p r e s e n t . Hypogene s u l p h i d e s i n c r e a s e i n a b undance to t h e gypsum l i n e (260 f t . ) . L i m o n i t e d e c r e a s e s and i s a b s e n t b e l o w 66 f t . G e o c h e m i c a l p a t t e r n s i n t h i s p r o f i l e show l i t t l e e n r i c h m e n t i n t h e SUS zone w i t h c o p p e r , ( e f = 1 . 3 ) , s i l v e r ( e f = 1 . 3 ) and f l u o r i n e ( e f = 1 . 5 ) d i s p l a y i n g weak e n r i c h m e n t . O t h e r e l e m e n t s , e x c e p t s i l v e r ( e f = 2 ) , m a i n t a i n hypogene g r a d e s ( e f = l ) t o t h e s u r f a c e where l i m o n i t e i s most a b u n d a n t . - 76 -DATE: M/02/14 PLACER DEVELOPMENT LTD BERG CU MO PORPHYRY, PROPERTY, B.C. LE6END: KM-OI is s : i 3 HALE i * - n •>ECT S a l C D Z COUJ o o a -7-n • - 3< -> ».« - 3< > -> . -J 1 -3->».o - 3< 100 o- 3* -J--y -ff-IM.O-- 3" I I 71 mv> i 1 1 % ( < II i • • :1 • • D N E ' too . — — ISO o- ^ — — I -• - — - ISO 0-i 5 ' 5 j I N T E R N A T I O N A L G E O S Y S T E M S C O R P O R A T I O N G R A F » L O G Q»T£;APRIL 10/64 PLACER DEVELOPMENT LTD BERG CU-MO PORPHYRY PROPERTY B.C. LCBEM): KM-41 f j n c n H o e o fill sou i* -oo -1> If [J--- \r • j • I • )• ) I - V - 3 J" too 0- ^ :)• »>•• * -u--ii-! SOD 0 [}-• u-• ti-l l SSO 0- ^ -'.)' • ;7--3-- :r i 7 if » 1 8 • 3 ? M I : i • • • z: • i • ] i : 8 3 £ s s T I] I] -Ji ] :i i z i z i • i "-P i i j 4-,-: ««* s» j : s » » s s ZT tzzi ZD "J J z :z • • i :• ZD • 8 K I toe.o- -Zl :z i 13 Z) i • M 8 i i £8 8 1 | i ° i I 5 8 8 I T :ZJ I T ID :ZI Z) : z :z i o 5 S 8 I 5 INTERNATIONAL GFOSYSTEMS CORPORATION GRAF » LOG 4.2.2 L e a c h i n g and O x i d a t i o n I n d i c e s S u p e r g e n e z o n e s i n C h a p t e r 3 were i d e n t i f i e d q u a n t i t a t i v e l y -u s i n g a s e q u e n t i a l e x t r a c t i o n . Here t h e same a p p r o a c h . i s u s e d t o d e f i n e o x i d a t i o n (0 ) and l e a c h i n g i n d i c e s (L ). These i n d i c e s a r e i i . r a t i o s o f s p e c i f i c e x t r a c t i o n s t o e a c h o t h e r and t o t o t a l c o p p e r v a l u e s i n t h e hypogene z o n e . These r a t i o s q u a n t i f y t h e i n t e n s i t y of c o p p e r l e a c h i n g i n t h e CAP f o r d i f f e r e n t t o p o g r a p h i c e n v i r o n m e n t s . 1) L e a c h i n g i n d e x (L ): T h i s i s a measure of t h e amount of m e t a l i d e p l e t i o n a t t h e s u r f a c e and i s e x p r e s s e d by: c h L = 100[ (Cu ) / (Cu ) ] i t t w h e re: c=CAP,.h=hypogene, Cu = c o p p e r , t = t o t a l c o p p e r (HNO /.HC10 3 4 d i g e s t i o n ) . L i s t h e r e f o r e t h e p e r c e n t a g e of c o p p e r r e m a i n i n g i a t t h e s u r f a c e i n a p a r t i c u l a r l o c a t i o n . 2) O x i d a t i o n i n d e x 0 : T h i s v a l u e i s a measure of t h e p a r t i t i o n i n ; i o f a c o p p e r b e tween o x i d e and s u l p h i d e m i n e r a l s i n t h e CAP and i s e x p r e s s e d a s : c c 0 = 100[ Cu / Cu ] i ox sx w h e re: c=CAP, C u = c o p p e r , ox=10%HCl p l u s NH OX e x t r a c t a b l e c o p p e r , 4 sx=KC10 e x t r a c t a b l e c o p p e r . 0 i s e x p r e s s e d as a p e r c e n t a g e w i t h 3 i h i g h v a l u e s i n d i c a t i n g more i n t e n s e o x i d a t i o n . - 79 -T a b l e 4.1 s u m m a r i z e s t h e i n d i c e s f o r c o p p e r i n d r i l l h o l e s BRG DH076, 078 and. 080. R e s u l t s show t h a t a l l l o c a t i o n s a r e a t l e a s t p a r t i a l l y o x i d i z e d and v a r i a b l y l e a c h e d . 0 v a l u e s s u g g e s t t h a t i n i s p i t e o f t h e a p p a r e n t a b s e n c e of SUS f r o m t h e CAP a t l e a s t 50% of t h e c o p p e r i s p r e s e n t i n t h e s e m i n e r a l s ( n o t e t h a t t h e s e q u e n t i a l e x t r a c t i o n t e c h n i q u e u s e d removes o x i d e c o p p e r b e f o r e s u l p h i d e s a r e a t t a c k e d by a s u l p h i d e s e l e c t i v e KC10 e x t r a c t i o n , c_f. O l a d e and 3 F l e t c h e r , 1 9 7 6 ) . Maximum l e a c h i n g and o x i d a t i o n has o c c u r r e d i n t h e CAP of BRG DH078 ( s t e e p h i l l s i d e ) where 8% of t h e hypogene c o p p e r g r a d e r e m a i n s a t s u r f a c e . An 0 v a l u e of 50% i m p l i e s t h a t h a l f of i t h i s c o p p e r i s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h o x i d e m i n e r a l s ( l i m o n i t e s ) and t h e r e m a i n d e r as m i c r o s c o p i c SUS m i n e r a l s . L e a c h i n g i s a t a minimum a t BRG DH080 ( r i d g e c r e s t ) where 50% of t h e hypogene g r a d e r e m a i n s i n o u t c r o p ; 35% i s a s s o c i a t e d w i t h o x i d e m i n e r a l s . BRG DH076 d i s p l a y s modest amounts of l e a c h i n g and o x i d a t i o n i n t h e CAP where 17% of t h e h ypogene g r a d e r e m a i n s ( a s SUS and hypogene m i n e r a l s ) , 30% i n o x i d e m i n e r a l s . T a b l e 4.1 L e a c h i n g and o x i d a t i o n i n d i c e s I n d e x D r i l l h o l e 080 078 076 L. 10% 25% 8% 0 1 ' • 29% 8 3 % 15% _ I 4.3 DISCUSSION A model f o r t o p o g r a p h i c c o n t r o l i n t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f s u p e r g e n e p r o f i l e s a t B e r g ( a n d o t h e r d e p o s i t s ) must t a k e i n t o a c c o u n t t h e - 80 -v a r i a b l e n a t u r e o f t h e n e a r s u r f a c e zone of o x i d a t i o n . S t u d i e s of s u p e r g e n e p r o c e s s e s by B l a n c h a r d ( 1968) and o t h e r s ( c f . A n d e r s o n , 1982; Emmons, 1917; S a t o , 1960) have shown t h a t t h e a b i l i t y o f g r o u n d w a t e r t o r e a c t w i t h s u l p h i d e m i n e r a l s i n t h e zone of o x i d a t i o n i s c o n t r o l l e d by: 1) f r a c t u r e p e r m e a b i l i t y t h a t r e s t r i c t s t h e f r e e movement of a i r , r a i n and o t h e r s u r f a c e w a t e r t o t h e w a t e r t a b l e , 2) t h e abundance o f s u l p h i d e m i n e r a l s , p a r t i c u l a r l y a l o n g f r a c t u r e s ( a s i s t y p i c a l f o r hypogene m i n e r a l i z a t i o n ) o v e r a l a r g e a r e a , 3) r e m o v a l by f l u s h i n g o f o x i d a t i o n p r o d u c t s t h a t w o u l d o t h e r w i s e s h i e l d f r e s h s u l p h i d e s f r o m f u r t h e r o x i d a t i o n , 3) r e a c t i v i t y or n e u t r a l i z i n g a b i l i t y o f t h e w a l l r o c k s , 4) t e m p e r a t u r e ( c h e m i c a l a c t i v i t y i s a p p r o x i m a t e l y d o u b l e d w i t h o e a c h 10 C i n c r e a s e i n t e m p e r a t u r e w i t h i n t h e t e m p e r a t u r e r a n g e l i k e l y ( B l a n c h a r d , 1 9 6 8 ) , 5) d e p t h t o w a t e r t a b l e , and 6) c l i m a t e . At B e r g t h r e e o f t h e above f a c t o r s can be c o n s i d e r e d t o be u n i f o r m ' f o r t h e p u r p o s e of t h i s d i s c u s s i o n . W a l l r o c k r e a c t i v i t y i s assumed t o be l o w as- the_ d o m i n a n t gangue m i n e r a l s a r e q u a r t z and f e l d s p a r . F r a c t u r e i n t e n s i t y , a l t h o u g h d i f f i c u l t t o q u a n t i f y i s h i g h i n t h e n e a r s u r f a c e e n v i r o n m e n t (> 50 f r a c t u r e s p e r m of d r i l l c o r e ; F i g . 2 . 1 ) . T e m p e r a t u r e o f g r o u n d w a t e r ( a n d hence r e a c t i v i t y ) i s assumed t o r e m a i n c o n s t a n t t h r o u g h o u t t h e summer s e a s o n . - 81 -F i g u r e 4.5 i s a s c h e m a t i c c r o s s s e c t i o n of p a r t o f t h e B e r g d e p o s i t ( F i g 2 . 1 ) . S u p e r g e n e p r o f i l e s a r e p l o t t e d w i t h o b s e r v e d gypsum l i n e (GL) and i n t e r p r e t e d w a t e r t a b l e (WT) l e v e l s ( d e r i v e d f r o m t h e a p p r o x i m a t e d e p t h o f SUS m i n e r a l i z a t i o n ) . B e a r i n g i n mind t h e c o n t r o l s on o x i d a t i o n p r o c e s s e s l i s t e d a b o v e , c o n c l u s i o n s a b o u t t h e o x i d a t i o n and l e a c h i n g p o t e n t i a l o f g r o u n d w a t e r s f o r e a c h t o p o g r a p h i c e n v i r o n m e n t c a n be made. P a r t i a l l e a c h i n g and o x i d a t i o n o f t h e CAP a t t h e r i d g e t op (BRG DH080; L =50%, 0 =29%) c a n be e x p l a i n e d by r a p i d m i g r a t i o n i i of g r o u n d - w a t e r s ( b r o k e n a r r o w s ) d o w n h i l l f r o m t h e zone of n o n - s a t u r a t i o n ( s t i p p l e d ) l e a v i n g a l l b u t t h e s m a l l e s t f r a c t u r e s a i r f i l l e d f o r much of t h e t i m e . Hypogene s u l p h i d e s o x i d i z e r e l a t i v e l y s l o w l y under t h e s e c o n d i t i o n s , and o x i d a t i o n p r o d u c t s b u i l d up a p r o t e c t i v e m a n t l e t h a t r e t a r d s f u r t h e r o x i d a t i o n . O x i d e ( l i m o n i t e ) m a n t l e s a r e o b s e r v e d on most s u l p h i d e g r a i n s f r o m t h i s e n v i r o n m e n t . P e r i o d i c r e c h a r g e of t h i s zone by m e t e o r i c w a t e r s a c c e l e r a t e s o x i d a t i o n by l e a c h i n g s o l u b l e o x i d a t i o n p r o d u c t s and e x p o s i n g f r e s h s u r f a c e s f o r o x i d a t i o n . Copper i n t h e w e a k l y d e v e l o p e d s u p e r g e n e . e n r i c h m e n t zone a l s o can be d e r i v e d f r o m t h e d o w n h i l l m i g r a t i o n o f m e t a l b e a r i n g g r o u n d - w a t e r s ( s o l i d a r r o w s ) r a t h e r t h a n v e r t i c a l m i g r a t i o n t o t h e w a t e r t a b l e . L i m o n i t e f r a c t u r e f i l l i n g s i n t h e h i l l s i d e e n v i r o n m e n t and i n t e n s e l e a c h i n g ( L =8%) s u g g e s t t h a t t h e n o n - s a t u r a t e d zone i s i b e i n g c o n t i n u a l l y f l u s h e d by a c i d i c g r o u n d w a t e r s ( s u l p h u r i c a c i d d e r i v e d f r o m o x i d a t i o n u p h i l l ) and t h a t f r a c t u r e s a r e wet most of - 82 -t h e t i m e . C o n t r i b u t i o n t o and d i l u t i o n o f t h e g r o u n d - w a t e r by m e t e o r i c w a t e r s i s m i n i m a l on t h e h i l l s i d e as most w a t e r i s removed as r u n o f f . The p r e s e n c e of o n l y s m a l l amounts of c o p p e r as s u l p h i d e i s s u g g e s t e d by an 0 v a l u e of 8 3 % i n t h e CAP a t BRG DH078. The i s h a l l o w d e p t h of w a t e r t a b l e i m p l i e s t h a t m e c h a n i c a l e r o s i o n (mass w a s t i n g ) i s k e e p i n g pace w i t h t h e downward m i g r a t i o n , of t h e w a t e r t a b l e . SOX o v e r p r i n t i n g ( v e r t i c a l h a t c h i n g ) on SUS i n BRG DH078 i n d i c a t e s t h a t a r e c e n t d r o p i n w a t e r , t a b l e has o c c u r r e d . As SOX i s n o t w i d e s p r e a d a t B e r g t h i s c a n n o t be a r e g i o n a l phenomenon ( c f . C a s i n o : G o d w i n , 1 9 7 6 ) . D e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e SOX i s more e a s i l y e x p l a i n e d by a s e a s o n a l f l u c t u a t i o n i n w a t e r t a b l e l e v e l i n a zone o f i n t e r m i t t e n t s a t u r a t i o n (WT1 t o WT2; F i g . 4 . 1 ) . T h i s c o n t r i b u t e s t o t h e s t r o n g - s u p e r g e n e e n r i c h m e n t o b s e r v e d a t t h i s l o c a t i o n by p e r i o d i c a l l y l e a c h i n g and o x i d i z i n g t h e u p p e r p o r t i o n of t h e o r i g i n a l SUS and r e d e p o s i t i o n of c o p p e r i n t h e ESE a t t h e lower, w a t e r t a b l e l e v e l (WT2; F i g . 4.1, f i n e c r o s s h a t c h i n g ; F i g . 4 . 5 ) . C o e x i s t e n c e of hypogene and SUS m i n e r a l s , low L and 0 v a l u e s i i (8 and 15% r e s p e c t i v e l y ) and t h e p r e s e n c e of s p r i n g s , and s e e p a g e s a t . t h e v a l l e y f l o o r ( F i g . 4.5; P l a t e 4.1) s u g g e s t t h a t t h e w a t e r t a b l e i s a t t h e s u r f a c e i n BRG' DH076. Here a c i d i c m e t a l b e a r i n g g r o u n d - w a t e r s emerge a t s u r f a c e and d e p o s i t l i m o n i t e m i n e r a l s t o f o r m t h i c k f e r r i c r e t e p l a t f o r m s i n t h e v a l l e y f l o o r s . Below s u r f a c e SUS m i n e r a l s a r e d e p o s i t e d o n t o f r e s h l y e x p o s e d hypogene s u l p h i d e s . D e v e l o p m e n t of a s t r o n g l y e n r i c h e d zone i s p r e v e n t e d by c o n s t a n t r e m o v a l of SUS by m e c h a n i c a l e r o s i o n . - 83 -076 F i g u r e 4.5 A s c h e m a t i c c r o s s s e c t i o n of t h e B e r g d e p o s i t i l l u s t r a t i n g t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p between s u p e r g e n e z o n e s , w a t e r t a b l e (WT), gypsum l i n e (GL) and t o p o g r a p h y . A r r o w s i n d i c a t e t he p r o b a b l e p a t h of m i g r a t i n g g r o u n d w a t e r as i t t r a v e l s f r o m h i l l t o p to v a l l e y f l o o r . - 84 -4.4 CONCLUSIONS A l t h o u g h a l i m i t e d d a t a base has been u s e d i n t h i s s t u d y t h e c o n c l u s i o n s b e l o w s u g g e s t t h a t a c l o s e r e l a t i o n s h i p e x i s t s between t h e t y p e . a n d i n t e n s i t y o f s u p e r g e n e p r o f i l e and t o p o g r a p h i c e n v i r o n m e n t . These a r e as f o l l o w s : 1) S u p e r g e n e e n r i c h m e n t , i s b e s t d e v e l o p e d where z o n e s w i t h low Py/Cp r a t i o s (< 3:1) c o i n c i d e w i t h a r e a s of maximum f r a c t u r e i n t e n s i t y ( i . e . c l o s e t o t h e i n t r u s i v e c o n t a c t : see P a n t e l e y e v , 1981: F i g u r e s 24 and. 25; F i g 2 . 4 ) . 2) The gypsum l i n e (GL) r e p r e s e n t s t h e maximum d e p t h of g r o u n d w a t e r p e n e t r a t i o n . T h i s l i n e s e p a r a t e s s u p e r g e n e above f r o m hypogene b e l o w . The s u p e r g e n e zone can be d i v i d e d i n t o m i n e r a l o g i c a l l y d i s t i n c t z o n e s t h a t a r e s p a t i a l l y r e l a t e d t o t h e w a t e r t a b l e (WT). SUS zone o c c u r s a t and b e l o w t h e w a t e r t a b l e and c o i n c i d e s w i t h a zone of g r o u n d w a t e r s a t u r a t i o n . SOX, f o u n d above t h e w a t e r t a b l e i s d e v e l o p e d i n a zone of i n t e r m i t t e n t s a t u r a t i o n and t h e CAP zone i s d e v e l o p e d i n an u n s a t u r a t e d z o n e . 3) The t y p e o f s u p e r g e n e p r o t o p o g r a p h i c e n v i r o n m e n t . I n v a i l by down c u t t i n g c r e e k s i s p r o c e e l e a c h i n g , s u p e r g e n e d e v e l o p m e n t f i l e d e v e l o p e d i s d e p e n d e n t on ey f l o o r s where m e c h a n i c a l e r o s i o n d i n g more r a p i d l y t h a n o x i d a t i o n and i s weak. I n t h i s e n v i r o n m e n t - 85 -P l a t e 4.1 View t o w a r d s the head w a t e r s of Red C r e e k . Note t h e s t r o n g l y d e v e l o p e d g o s s a n ; y e l l o w a r e a s a r e j a r o s i t i c and o v e r l i e t h e p o t e n t i a l o r e b o d y . A c t i v e p r e c i p i t a t i o n of f e r r i c r e t e s i n c r e e k beds i n d i c a t e s t h a t l e a c h i n g p r o c e s s e s a r e a c t i v e t o d a y . - 86 -hypogene s u l p h i d e s r e m a i n , a l b e i t p a r t i a l l y a l t e r e d , a t s u r f a c e w i t h or w i t h o u t s e c o n d a r y SUS m i n e r a l s . I n t h e r i d g e c r e s t e n v i r o n m e n t c h e m i c a l w e a t h e r i n g i s p r o c e e d i n g more r a p i d l y t h a n m e c h a n i c a l w e a t h e r i n g t o p r o d u c e a t h i c k l e a c h e d c a p p i n g u n d e r l a i n by weak SUS m i n e r a l i z a t i o n . S e a s o n a l w a t e r t a b l e f l u c t u a t i o n c a u s e s t h e upper p a r t o f t h e SUS a t t h e s t e e p h i l l s i d e e n v i r o n m e n t t o become o x i d i z e d t o a SOX a s s e m b l a g e . 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The S t y l e and P r o g r e s s of M i n e r a l i z a t i o n and A l t e r a t i o n i n P o r p h y r y Copper S y s t e m s : A m e r i c a n S o u t h w e s t : i n . T i t l e y , S.R. ( e d . ) , " A d v a n c e s i n G e o l o g y of t h e P o r p h y r y Copper D e p o s i t s , S o u t h w e s t N o r t h A m e r i c a " : U n i v . A r i z . P r e s s , T u s c o n , C h a p t e r 5, p. 93-116. West, R.T. and A i k e n , D.M., 1982. G e o l o g y of t h e S i e r r i t a - E s p e r a n z a d e p o s i t , Pima m i n i n g d i s t r i c t , P i m a . C o u n t y , A r i z o n a : i n . T i t l e y , S.R. ( e d . ) , " A d v a n c e s i n G e o l o g y of t h e P o r p h y r y Copper D e p o s i t s , S o u t h w e s t N o r t h A m e r i c a " : U n i v . A r i z . P r e s s , T u s c o n , C h a p t e r 21, p. 4 3 3 - 4 6 5 . W e s t r a , W.W. and K e i t h , S.B., 1981. C l a s s i f i c a t i o n and g e n e s i s of s t o c k w o r k molybdenum d e p o s i t s : E c o n . G e o l . , v. 76, p. 844-873. W i l k i n s o n , W.W., Vega, L . J . and T i t l e y , S.R., 1982. G e o l o g y and o r e d e p o s i t s a t M i n e r a l P a r k , Mohave C o u n t y , A r i z o n a : In T i t l e y , S.R. ( e d . ) , " A d v a n c e s i n G e o l o g y of t h e P o r p h y r y Copper D e p o s i t s , S o u t h w e s t e r n N o r t h A m e r i c a " : U n i v . A r i z . P r e s s , T u s c o n , C h a p t e r 26, p. 5 2 3 - 5 4 1 . W o o d s w o r t h , G., 1978. E a s t m a r g i n of t h e C o a s t Range P l u t o n i c Complex i n t h e W h i t e s a i l map a r e a : C u r r e n t R e s e a r c h , G e o l . S u r v . C a n . , p a r t A, P a p e r 78-1A, p. 25-29. W o o d s w o r t h , G., 1979. G e o l o g y of t h e W h i t e s a i l map a r e a : C u r r e n t R e s e a r c h , G e o l . S u r v . Can., p a r t A, P a p e r 79-1A, p. 25-29. W o o d s w o r t h , G . J . , 1980. G e o l o g y of t h e W h i t e s a i l L a k e (93 E) map a r e a . G e o l o g i c a l S u r v e y of C a n a d a . , open f i l e map 708. - 93 -APPENDIX A ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES - 93a -SUMMARY OF SAMPLES COLLECTED D r i l l h o l e D e p t h S a m p l e s BRG DH021 522' 24 BRG DH025 446" 15 BRG DH026 452"' 21 BRG DH068 363' 16 BRG DH069 601' 24 BRG DH076 697' 31 BRG DH078 1001' 49 BRG DH080 407' 20 BRG DH082 . 657' 32 BRG DH085 978' 46 BRG DH088 1002' 49 BRG DH089 487' 23 BRG DH092 1997' 70 O t h e r s a m p l e s c o l l e c t e d : D u p l i c a t e s a m p l e s 70 S t r e a m "sedimerut 23 S t r e a m p r e c i p i t a t e 7 O u t c r o p 40 F e r r i c r e t e ]_ TOTAL 597 - 94 -SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION - CORE SAMPLES S t a g e A. 1) Weigh o u t 0.2 grams o f s a m p l e . 2) L e a c h i n 20 ml of 10% HC1 i n u l t r a s o n i c b a t h f o r 30 m i n u t e s . 3) C e n t r i f u g e and d e c a n t a l i q u o t . S t a g e B 1) D i s s o l v e 24.9 grams of ammonium o x a l a t e ( m o n o h y d r i d e ) and 12.6 grams o f o x a l i c a c i d ( d i h y d r a t e ) i n 1 l i t r e of d i s t i l l e d w a t e r ; a d j u s t pH t o 3.5. 2) L e a c h r e s i d u e f r o m S t a g e A i n 20 ml of s o l u t i o n w h i l e s h a k i n g f o r 12 h o u r s . 3) C e n t r i f u g e and d e c a n t a l i q u o t . S t a g e C 1) Add 0.4 grams o f p o t a s s i u m c h l o r a t e , 0.5 ml of c o n c e n t r a t e d HN0 and 4.0 ml of c o n c e n t r a t e d HC1 t o r e s i d u e f r o m S t a g e B. 3 o 2) L e a c h s a m p l e f o r 2 h o u r s i n hot a i r b a t h (80 C ) . 3) Add 15.5 ml of d i s t i l l e d w a t e r to b r i n g f i n a l volume to 20 m l . 4) C e n t r i f u g e and d e c a n t a l i q u o t . S t a g e J2 1) Add 2ml of HnO /HC10 ( 4 : 1 ) t o r e s i d u e and e v a p o r a t e to d r y n e s s 3 4 i n h o t a i r b a t h . 2) L e a c h w i t h 2.5 ml of 6 M HC1; b r i n g t o 10 ml by' a d d i n g 7.5 ml of d i s t i l l e d w a t e r . - 95 -SEQUENTIAL EXTRACTION - SURFACE SAMPLES STAGE A 1) Weigh out 0.2 grams of s a m p l e . -2) L e a c h w i t h 10 ml of 4 M HC1 w h i l e i n u l t r a s o n i c b a t h f o r 2 h o u r s . 3) C e n t r i f u g e - and d e c a n t a l i q u o t . S t a g e B_ 1) Add 0.2 grams o f p o t a s s i u m c h l o r a t e (KC10 ) , 2 ml of 3 c o n c e n t r a t e d HC1 and 0.25 ml of c o n c e n t r a t e d HNO . o 3 2) L e a c h s a m p l e i n h o t a i r b a t h f o r 2 h o u r s (80 C ) . 3) Add 7.5 ml of d i s t i l l e d w a t e r t o b r i n g f i n a l volume t o 10 m l . 4) C e n t r i f u g e and d e c a n t . S t a g e C_ 1) Add 2 ml of HNO /HC10 ( 4 : 1 ) t o r e s i d u e f r o m S t a g e B. 3 4 2) E v a p o r a t e t o d r y n e s s i n h o t a i r b a t h . 3) L e a c h w i t h 2.5 ml of 6 M HC1 and warm f o r 1 h o u r . 4) Add 7.5 ml of d i s t i l l e d w a t e r t o b r i n g up t o 10 m l . - 96 -.OPERATING CONDITIONS FOR TECKTRON VARIAN AAS Element- S c a l e S l i t ( u ) Ma W a v e l e n g t h N 0 # A 2 i r C H 2 2 Cu Nor m a l 50 3 3247 .5 No 20 2.5 Ca N o r m a l 100 5 4226 .0 Yes 20 a . r . Fe N o r m a l 50 5 3719.0 No 20 2.5 K N o r m a l 200 5 7664 .0 No 20 2.5 Na N o r m a l 100 5 5890.0 No 20 2.5 Zn N o r m a l 100 6 2138 .0 No 20 2 . 5 Mo Exp a n d e d 100 5 3132 .6 Yes 20 -+ A c e t y l e n e gas us e d as r e q u i r e d . # A i r f l o w r a t e ( / s e c o n d ) B u r n e r r o t a t e d . - 97 -STANDARD ANALYTICAL METHODS USED E l e m e n t U n i t s D i g e s t i o n BY PLACER DEVELOPMENT LTD. Time Range Method # Mo ppm C HNO /HC10 3 4 4 h r s 1- 1000 AAS Cu ppm C HNO /HC10 3 4 4 hr s 2- 4000 AAS Zn ppm C HNO /HC10 3 4 4 hr s 2- 3000 AAS Pb ppm C HNO /HC10 3 4 4 hr s 2- 3000 AAS-bkg Cd ppm C HNO /HC10 4 hr s 0. 2-200 AAS-bkg 3 4 N i ppm C HNO /HCLO 3 4 4 hr s 2 - 2000 AAS Co ppm ,C HNO /HC10 3 4 4 hr s 2- 2000 AAS Ag ppm C <a HNO /HC10 3 4 4 h r s 0. 2-20 AAS-bkg F ppm Na CO /KNO F 30mi n 40 -4000 S I E 2 3 3 # A t o m i c A b s o r p t i o n S p e c t r o m e t r y . A t o m i c A b s o r p t i o n w i t h b a c k g r o u n d c o r r e c t i o n . + S p e c i f i c I o n E l e c t r o d e . @ Na CO /KNO F u s i o n 2 3 3 - 98 -XRF OPERATING CONDITIONS- MAJOR AND TRACE ELEMENTS ELEMENT LINE TARGET CRYSTAL Kv/Ma COLL COUNT VAC GAIN WIN LL TIME S i K Cr PET 50/40 F F ON 128 700 150 10 A l K Cr PET 50/40 C F ON 128 700 150 10 Fe K Cr L I F 2 0 0 50/35 F F ON 128 700 150 10 Ca K Cr L I F 2 0 0 50/16 F F ON 128 700 150 10 Mg . K Cr TLAP 50/40 C F ON 128 47 0 150 10 K K Cr L I F 2 0 0 50/35 F F ON 128 700 150 10 Na K Cr TLAP 50/40 C F ON 128 700 150 10 T i K Cr L I F 2 0 0 50/35 F F ON 128 700 150 10 P K Cr PET 50/40 C F ON 64 280 150 10 ELEMENT PEAK ( 20) BKG • S i 109 . 14 113 . 30 A l 145 . 19 139 .00 Fe. 57 . 54 56 .00 Ca 113 . 17 110 .40 Mg 45 . 21 44 . 00 K 136 . 75 132 .15 Na 55 . 20 53 . 30 T i 86 . 20 91 .00 P 89 . 61 92 .60 - 99 -APPENDIX B 1 GEOCODER: A L i s t o f s y m b o l s and c o d e s u s e d i n GEOLOG 1. GEOCODER and GEOLOG a r e t r a d e m a r k s of I n t e r n a t i o n a l G e o s y s t e m s C o r p o r a t i o n . - 100 -S Y S T E M I n t e r n a t i o n a l G e o a y a t e m s C o r p o r a t i o n -101-/ I a i -4v F L A G S P E C U N I Q U E ID OF P R O J E C T OR S U B - P R O J E C T DRILL P R E - f H O IX L E T y 'TP P E A V E R S E N U M B E R S I Z E O F C O R E on H O L E G E 0 L C M O N T H > G C S E D B V A S S T B Y D R 1 O R 1 L L E RIS) L L E 0 M O N T H 1 Y R R I G T Y P E OR 1L L I N G T1 M E - H R S SURVEYED|CO-OBD BY 1 SY S T E M G R I D A Z I M U T H P A G E 0 F > a1 D E N 6 B 0 2 0 1 • TTT I I | | j b i- P R J < 5 u 1 1 I 1 N 1 ¥ 1 — 1 — p h i 1 1 1 \ P t R 1 1 1 Y 1 on 1 P R C 1 a i i ) J 1 I : t T 1 • 1 S U 8 • 1 1 1 1 1 1 P R O J E C T 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 l c s s-T U F I N ' G P T =Coilar F R O M - T O - T O T A L D E P T H / L E N G T H CLOCKWS A Z M F. TRUf N V - A N G "oV» H A S H T O T A L = T D . A Z M . V - A N G . N » E • EL N O R T H I N G ^ i , 1 , ' E A S T I N G V i s ! E L E V A T I 0 N J J ^ d | | J 1 1 I I 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 1 hi l - l 1 | 1 1 I 1 1 j 1 1 . . e / / -/ -H O R IZON F L A G R E C O V E R Y T - M O D L ^ R O C K T M 1 J T M 2 0 M 1 T X 1 T X 2 FF ^ * t C F F s ' M I R , B 1 STRUCt I D STRIKE A Z M DIP to Rt. or PLUNGE A 0 r i z w i B T 1 0 1 C Y c B M G 1 i X H X 1 I P U Y t t r n C P IT Stl G L ires Y Y S I F A M h Al A R Mz Y 1 t N I A I M | | 1 || | ! „ „ , • , . , R • c o v. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | I I j 1 | I I ] 1 1 1 S I S I L Unll o f L . r, o 1 /> -4- . X T 1 • 1 2 . ' 1 I.I 1 1 1 1 1 1 I I I 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 i 1 1 1 n L A 2 ON E F L A G MorF R O D Ffl P E r m 'n E NVIR- B J roc* «*«£ _L ^ H I J"' O M 2 T X 3 T X 4 SR P-N s H % Ri B 2 STRUC2 I D A Z M O I F / » > « > to Rt iPr* K F ... M U C L E P H E How Ami P R MO S L !HowAmt H 1 w 2 )W 2 i .t N A M 1 1 1 II 1 1 1 S 6 I U " 1 1 9 1 ROD - > 1 L i i i .1 r) 6 7 8 i n 1 L 112 1 1 J 1 141115 1 ie 17 | 10 19 20 2 1 22 123 24 25 21 10 31 .12 33 M .55 37 3H '9 40 .] 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 '15 4 0 'I 7 48 49 51 52 5 1 54 55 35 Li i_7 50 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 6H 63 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 i A--<*»r I « m FIIB or Fl»g = C O M a o i i l * . MAX Or U IN RECOVERY S S = S a m p / e S e n a l No- A 7 A ? A 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 A 7 A a 1 A 9 m H - •It Flig-COU. IhOn C o ' 2 f - B 8 = S S rVo.P'oupa From SS It To s s H From S S f In S S it r • 0 m SS It r P s s /I F r o m S S H lo SS t H A S H T O T A L n F r ^FItg,Rnn, «n f* * n * no. Ot - PP # . d*tln»o 0 J 2 3 4 5 e 7 S N 9 o 1 1 2 — j -. _ . .... — — 3 4 — — --- . . . . . . . — 5 .... — — — — -- — — .... — — — 1 ' j - — — — — 6 1 7 — _ . — — "- --I. il J : : . 1 j — 8 i 1 | — <3 -10 — — — . . . — . . . . 11 — — — — 1 — - - — 1_2_ 13 L 1 IM — — — . . . . . . ~ — ! -— 1-1 -- — — — — ! — — . . . . -- . 1 .. 1 1 1 — 15 — 16 — ; — - ! f ' - — — 17 — — — -- [ I IS — ! ' ...... _ . ! - . . '• I • . i ' , . I'J — \ " — — — _ — ; --— 20 — — — — .... 21 . ; i • i 22 1 ^ - -- - -— — — — — — _ — 23 i _ . . — — — 2-1 — — — — 25 — — — — — _ 26 27 - 28 — 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 I 38 / 2 4 5 6 V 8 9 10 1 1 1 2 1 1 1-1 15 1G 17 Ifl 1 9 20 21 22 2 J 2-1 15 no 2 7 2'3 29 30 31 32 3 3 i-1 35 Kj| .17 IB 40 4 1. 42 43 44 4 5 4 6 4 7 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 ',6 57 58 59 60 61 62 64 •")5 66 67 68 69 70 7 1 72 7 3 74 75 76 77 78 79 Identity Dat a Survey Data Upper Tier G eod a t a Lower!n G eod a t e V ! 3 4 5 6 7. S = A l p h a S 2 -Two ? - S e v e n 0 = A l p h a O I o, i = A l p h a I A l p h a Z oo o O F- S C A L E o < • n o t n o T a i t o 3 < • 3 0 0 c o ro i Assgn Scale Description Value Value 55+ X shattered 45 9 extremely well fractured 36 8 very well fractured 28 7 well fractured 21 6 f a i r l y well fractured 15 •5 moderately fractured 10 4 f a i r l y lightly fractured 6 3 lightly fractured 3 2 very lightly fractured . 1 1 slightly fractured 0 0 unfractured NOTE: It can be seen that the assigned value of each scale value is the sum of the scale values from 0; for instance, the assigned value of scale 2 = 3 = 0 + 1 + 2 and the assigned value of scale 3 = 6 = 0 + 1 + 2 + 3 , and so on. • 3 S C A L E A 1-CSAJUCTBR PERCENTAGE G-SCALE f o r r e c o r d i n g on GEOFORM the e s t i m a t e d p e r c e n t a g e p r e s e n c e o f any o r e - t y p e o r a l t e r a t i o n m i n e r a l o f p o s s i b l e d i a g n o s t i c i m p o r t a n c e , o r o t h e r p a r a m e t e r s , i n t e r v a l - b y - i n t e r v a l , o r ' t h e e s t i m a t e d p e r c e n t o f each a s s o c i a t -ed rock type p r e s e n t i n an i n t e r v a l i n a d d i t i o n to p r i n c i p a l o n e . To s t a r t w i t h , f o r p e r c e n t a g e amounts t e n p e r c e n t k o v e r , up to l O O t , the o b v i o u s r e l a t i o n s h i p s p r e v a i l — 1 - 101, 2 • 20%, 3 • 301 and so o n , to B - 801, 9 - 90% and the Roman Num-e r a l X - 10 - l o o t . F o r p e r c e n t a g e amounts below l o t , we s t a r t o f f w i t h the v a l u e , o n e - t h i r d o f a p e r c e n t a g e p o i n t , r e p r e s e n t e d by the a s t -e r i s k , * , the s t a r o f the G - S c a l e ; t h a t i s , * • - 3 t . S y m m e t r i c -a l l y above and below the * a r e the two ' b e n t ' ones the r i g h t b r a c k e t , ) - I t , which i s l i k e a g r e a t e r t h a n , a p p r o p r i a t e b e -cause I t > . 3 t , and the l e f t b r a c k e t , ( • . I t , which i s l i k e the l e s s t h a n , a l s o a p p r o p r i a t e because . 1 < - 3 t . A g a i n s y m m e t r i c -a l l y above and below these b e n t ones a r e the p l u s s i g n , • m 2 . 5 t and the a l n u s s i g n , - " - 0 3 1 . F i n a l l y , above and below the • and - a r e the e q u a l s i g n , • f o r St and the p e r i o d o r d o t , . • . 0 1 t f o r j u s t a d o t or t r a c e . A n d , o f c o u r s e , 0 • n i l " O . O t . Two o t h e r u s e f u l v a l u e s a re r e p r e s e n t e d by the s l a s h , / • p r e s e n t b u t e s t i m a t e i m p o s s i b l e , h a v i n g an a s s i g n e d v a l u e o f . 0 7 t , and the q u e s t i o n n a r k , 7 * p o s s i b l y p r e s e n t , h a v i n g an a s s i g n e d v a l u e o f O t : NOTE IN PARTICULAR I) chat Uw I 1 ) I . u t u order of u j n i c u d t apart/ 1) that the • • -'pert/ 3) chat the • ) • t - ere a nu l t ip la ot 1 apart; and 4) that Uw 8 4 3 1 - 4 - are ot the considereble separation between thete tcele valuta, the G-Scele it a powerful ettimeting tool yuijrt between ttu .1 end .4% but with a l i t t l e M t of practice i t should not be too herd to d ist inguish 'ALE iLUE X ASSIGNED VALUE loot R A N G E DECODED 2-DIGIT FORM Ut E s s e n t i a l l y 1001 90 85 t o 99 90 80 75 t o <8S 80 70 65 t o <75 70 60 55 t o <6S 60 SO 45 t o • 55 50 40 35 t o «45 40 30 25 t o O S 30 20 15 t o <25 20 10 7 t o <15 10 5 3 to < 7 51 2 .5 2 t o < 3 2+ 1 .5 t o < 2 It • . 3 .2 t o <.5 . 3 ( . 1 .OS to <.2 . 1 - .03 .o2 t o ».0S 03 . . 01 T r a c e • «.02 01 0 / 7 0 .07 0 N i l , A b s e n t „ . E s t i m a t e P r e " n f m p o s s i b l e P o s s i b l y P r e s e n t 00 07 77 ere elto en order of ntgnl tude a n i l t i p l * of 3 epert. Beceuee it eught be difficult to d i s t i n -betveen .3 end J t i m s .J • 1». H- S C A L E HOW OR B - S C A L E MODE OF B - S C A I< E O C C U R R E N C E O R Sym-bol D e s c r i p t i o n 0 - Fresh , prirtary r c c M Z ) fx lot ltza) , _ Amygdaloids (A), minor Hacroveins(>) A " and/or scattered C r y s t a l s ID) DFT.RFE 2 - Hacroveins(>) and Veins(V) 1 Veins(V) and f C r < * . . / D n „ -3 " D a ^ t i c n i t e . Y , { ^ ( Q ) « i n ^ t\ - Veins (V), and/or occasional Envelopes(E) 0 F PERVAS-I I V E - 5 - Veins(V) , and/or abundant Envelopes(E) I • " 1 , Pervasive (P) or 1 uss I Veins (V) ,Hicroveins(<) Disseminations(D)J THAM \ Selvages(S),Envelopes(E) NESS 6 -INCREAS- 7 INC I CR£A- l m " ? T " \ I THAM I Pervasive(P) or Disseminations(D), Ve ins (V) , Microveins(<).Selvages(S) I Envelopes(E) with mjch Breccia f i l l i n g d ) , StocKworK(K) and/or Sheeting(S) KJSsive(M) and/or Lamina ted/Bedded (L) ' H O W ' j ^ " D e s c r i p t i o n A (unyijdaloids,cavity f U l j B Blebs U , g I brecc ia f i l l i n g * C Coatings £ encrustations • c l a s t s D Disseminations I s ea t . x ' l s E Envelopes F Framework c r y s t a l ! G Gouge H Halt-s I eyas, augan J i n t e r s t i t i a l K stocKworK L Laminaeions/beddad M Hassiva N Nodules 0 spots P Pervasive 0 patches, as in Q u i l t s R Rosettes ( x ' l c lus t er s S Selvages $ Sheeting T sTainings, as in Tarnish U eU-hedral c r y s t a l s V Veins > nvacrovelns < microve ins , frac f i l l L n g s W boxworx X Massive and/or lairv^na^ed /^ Y dalmationita 81.050 Z fresh. prkm*ry rock I n t a r n a t t o n a l O a o a y a t a m a C o r p o r a t i o n V i n o o u v i r , C a n a d a -10*+-GEOLOG" SYSTEM International Qeoayetemt Corporation GRAIN S I Z E ft C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S 1 GNEOUS, MCTAMiRPHlC i CH£MICAL C l a s s y Extremely fine grained (aphanitic) P i n e g r a i n e d M e d i u m g r a i n e d ( g r a n u l a r ) C o a r a a g r a i n e d Very coarse g r a i n e d Pegmatltic Megapegma-t i t i c Cjttra-coarse megapegma-t i t i c PARTICLE DIAMETER RANGE 2 -.004 , -7 2 ° - 1-2 - 16 ,5 -7S0-THE S-S C A L E FOR GRAIN OR PARTICLE SIZE. ASSGH SYM<««W GENERAL VORKSm 1.SSGN VALUE BOd MR DETAIL WORK* >BQL ^ A LUE .003 m • .008 .03 .12 3.3 13 c I* 4m 2m CLAY SIZE V.FINE SILT F I N E SILT MEDIUM SILT COARSE SILT V.FINE SAND F I N E SAND MEDIUM SAND COARSE SAND G R I T GRANULE V.SrtALL PEBBLE S M A L L PEBBLE MEDIUM PEBBLE L A R G E PEBBLE S M A L L COBBLE LARGE COBBLE SMALL BOULDER MEDIUM BOULDER LARGE BOULDER V. LARGE BOULDER m m .0OJ .177 . 707 362 724 1450 VOLCANI-CLASTICS c o a r s e • n a i l 1 a p 1 1 1 i l a r g e 1 a p i 1 1 i cobble-size b o a b s b b l o c k s boulder-size b o m b s & b l o c k s e x t r a large b o m b s S b l o c k s .01 .OJ 2.5 5 90 100 -I Coaraa-Pr ic i. ion N O T E : l . I t i s q u i t e p e r m i s s i b l e t o i n t e r m i x t h e a l p h a b e t i c symbols w i t h the numeric symbols o f t h i s S - S c a l e , whenever d e t a i l work d«3rands i t — no c o n f l i c t ensues by d o i n g so. 2. Use the S-Scale f o r F ine F r a c t i o n (FF) , Coarse F r a c t i o n (CF) and Max P a r t i c l e kM P) i n F ( 3 9 ,40,442)/ 3. For S e r i a t e T e x t u r e , i n which the G r a i n Size v a r i e s g r a d u a l l y o r c o n t i n u o u s l y , e n t e r s i g n i f i c a n t F ine P a r t i c l e s i z e i n F F , u i F ( 3 9 ) / oivi the Large end o f the range i n MxP, i n F ( 4 2 ) / T h i s « -sca le , used f o r the Per Cent C F , i s the G - Scale COLUMN J 9 40 4 I 4 2 / FF CF »C MP UPPER T I E R F i n e C o a r s e P e r c e n t Maximum HEADINGS F r a c t i o n F r a c t i o n C o a r s e P a r t i c l e (SCALE) ( S - S e a l e ) ( S - S c a l e ) ( C - S c a l e ) ( S - S c a l e ) :—— — = — — 3 —a ;; . .; _ .: m m m * L SR " = R N " " SH 0/C LOWER T I E R D e g r e e o f D e g r e e o f Shape o r O p e n / C l o s e d HEADINGS S o r t i n g R o u n d e d - S p h e r i c - S t r u c t u r e r.ess i t y E q u i g r a n u l a r (SCALE) ( N - S c a l e I N - s c a l e IC , P , M , L , / I n e q u i g r a n . 1 CO 9) 1 t o 9) P . B , E or" H - S c i l e l ( 0 , C , E . I ) -105-GEOLOG"SYSTEM ln larna i lon « l Q M «ytt* fns Corporation GRAIN S I Z E ir C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S DECR£E O f SOHTINC 1 S U r i t i c M i y p o o r l y i o r t « d v t r y p o o r l y t o r Ltd poorly s o r r.«d nad # r * r t l y p o o r l y sorted •Oder * t e l y toe ted »->Jirt » t • 1 y we 11 tor ted well t o t l t d v « ( y we 11 t o r t e d c i u t M l y well DCGREE O r HOUMDHLSi 4 0 L • i t c t M l y *n<jul*r very ancjulAr •tnqular aoderttely angular i n i t t H d i * t « •toder *Lely rOundeu rounded vrry rounded eatieawly rounded i H A P t l a l p h - O HI CITY 1 1 - 9 ) • Q O O P o t t - f tceie 1-9 OPEN (0) or C L O S E D (C) b T K U C T U R t or E U U I - I E ) or i N t U U l - ( 1 ) I* KAN U LAW 6 - o p » n / i > . * r t e d • ftw ) o i i l y o l 1*1 y « r p*w t l -d m nut U > U L I I -. n g one « n o t ( i t : i C " C l o e * o / i n i . c i **> )u i i t y o t per l i c i t * or touc t i t 4 1 L For Open ex Closed S t r u c t u r e tMa t r i x - suppo r ted o r F ra rework -suppor ted ) , e n t e r 0 o r C i n F(42)L For Degree o f S o r t i n g <S«) and Degree o f toundneae (RM) , en te r 1 t o 9 i n F ( 3 9 , 4 0)L For Shape, e n t e r C,F,M,L,P,B OR E (see t r i a n g u l a r diagram) o r , f o r S p h e r i c i t y , 1 t o 9 i n F (41)L LC -COLOUR The GEOSYSTEM LC-Colour Code is an abbreviated, 2-character version of the more detailed GEOSYSTEM Colour Code (LBHU)• LC is for Lightness-Colour. Lightness L-Scale Colour Range C-Scale E X A M P L E S C28 Lower Tier C29 Lower Tier w white* (also in C29) R Red 9R palest red=pale pink 9 palest U brown (Umber) 8R pale red = pink a pale 0 Orange 7R light red 7 light T Tan (khaki) 6R. lighter red 6 lighter (m.light) Y Yellow 5R medium red 5 medium (50% " ) L Lime (Y-G) 4R darker red 4 darker (m.dark) G Green 3R dark red 3 dark Q aQua (B-P) 2R very dark red 2 very dark B Blue 1R darkest red 1 darkest V Violet (B-P) W white (dead white) N black (Noir, P Purple W white (dead white) Nil=0% lightness) M Mauve (P-R) 9 off-white (*White=100% " ) W White (also in C28) N black (jet black) A grAy N black (jet black) N black (Noir) 1A charcoal black $, as a suffix after any colour code, becomes -ish, as in R$ = reddish. In any 2-colour-code combination, as in GB, the f i r s t is pronounced as though i t has an -ish as suffix GB = greenish blue. Examples — -R$ reddish RO reddish orange YL yellowish lime U$ brownish OR orangish red GB greenish blue OS orangish AR grayish red BG bluish green T$ tannish RA reddish gray UG brownish green Y$ yellowish AB grayish blue OU orangish brown G$ greenish BA bluish gray etc. etc. B$ bluish AG grayish green 7C leucocratic P$ purplish GA greenish gray 5C mesocratic A$ grayish GY greenish yellow 3C melanocratic (C for -Cratic) LBHU-COLOUR Grayness Scale In Geosystera Colour, the three components of colour are Lightness, w white Brightness and Hue. Think of the 24 hues as being equally spaced 9A palest gray around the equator of the.colour sphere. The Lightness is the 8A pale gray v e r t i c a l component along the axis of the sphere, with white at the 7A l i g h t gray north pole, black at the south pole and medium gray at the compon-6A lighter gray intersection of the axis with the equatorial plane. The th i r d 5A medium gray ent, Brightness, is the r a d i a l distance' from and perpendicular to 4A darker gray the axis: f u l l brightness (ie, b r i l l i a n t ) can only be attained at 3A dark gray the equatorial surface of the sphere. 2A very dark gray 1A darkest gray N black (Noir) L B H U L- Scale of . B-Scale of HU, Range of HUES Code E x a m p l e s LIGHTNESS BRIGHTNESS R RED 96R p a l e s t b r i g h t e r red (pink) OR orangish - r e d W white U BROWN (Umber) 53U medium d u l l brown RO reddish-orange 9 p a l e s t -c 9 b r i l l i a n t 0 ORANGE 790 l i g h t b r i l l i a n t orange YO yellowish-orange 8 p a l e ( v . l i g h t ) 3 v . b r i g h t T TAN 7 T l i g h t (moderate*) tan OY oran g i s h - y e l l o w 7 l i g h t -c 7 b r i g h t Y YELLOW 87T pale b r i g h t yellow GY greenish-yellow 6 '1ighter(m.1. ) 6 b r i g h t e r L LIME YG yel l o w i s h - g r e e n 53YG med. d u l l yellowish-green 5 medium -c 5 moderate G GREEN BG blu i s h - g r e e n 34BG dark d u l l e r bluish-green 4 darker (m.d.) 4 . d u l l e r Q AQUA GB greenish-blue 3 dark -c 3 d u l l B BLUE 22B v.dark v . d u l l blue PB p u r p l i s h - b l u e 2 v.dark -c 2 v . d u l l V VIOLET BP b l u i s h - p u r p l e 3 BP dark (moderate*) b l u i s h -1 darkest -c 1 g r a y i s h P PURPLE purple RP reddish-purple 65RP l i g h t e r moderate reddish-N black (Noir) A gray M MAUVE purple PR p u r p l i s h - r e d 1A darkest gray R RED (repeated) 2A v.dark gray (-c = any col o u r ) (any L value 1 - 9) * moderate presumed because L B H U (with any B-value) » any co l o u r B value l e f t blank Lower t i e r : 28 29 30 31 (and plus any HU) GEOLOG "SYSTEM Iniai national Qaoairale>niGo<poiat ion IM- SCALE A SINGLE-DIGIT, NUMERICAL N-SCALE, f o r d e s c r i b i n g d e g r e e s of l i g h t n e s s , b r i g h t n e s s , d e g r e e of r o u n d e d n e s s a n d s o r t i n g , a n d i n t e n s i t y , e t c . , i n t h e i r n a t u r a l s e q u e n c e f r o m 1 t o 9 or f r o m z e r o t o t e n , w i t h 5 a l w a y s i n t h e c e n t r a l , m e d i a n p o s i t i o n . I n m o s t r e s p e c t s , t h e N - S c a l e i s v e r y s i m p l e , b u t i t h a s c e r t a i n a s p e c t s t h a t n e e d some d i s -c u s s i o n . The N - S c a l e e x t e n d s f r o m 0 t o 10, w i t h t h e 10 b e i n g r e p r e s e n t e d b y t h e Roman N u m e r a l X, t o p r e s e r v e t h e s i n g l e - d i g i t f o r m . As shown i n F i g . A , t e n e q u a l i n t e r v a l s l i e b e t w e e n t h e s e e l e -v e n p o i n t s , 0 t o X. I n t h i s c a s e , t h e e l e v e n p o i n t s m a r k t h e d i v i s i o n s b e t w e e n t h e t e n i n t e r -v a l s . H o w e v e r , t h e N - S c a l e i s b e t t e r d e s c r i b e d as c o n s i s t i n g o f 9 e q u a l i n t e r v a l s w i t h a h a l f i n t e r v a l a t t h e t o p a n d b o t t o m . T h i s i s i l l u s t r a t e d i n F i g . B, i n w h i c h t h e d i g i t s 1 t o 9 a r e l o c a t e d a t t h e c e n t r e o f n i n e e q u a l , u n i t i n t e r v a l s a n d t h e 0 a n d X a r e a t t h e o u t s i d e e n d s o f t h e t w o h a l f - i n t e r v a l s . T h e z e r o r e p r e s e n t s c o m p l e t e a b s e n c e ; t h e X, c o m p l e t e p r e s e n c e . F o r i n s t a n c e , 0 c a n r e p -r e s e n t c o m p l e t e a b s e n c e o f l i g h t n e s s , w h i c h i s j e t b l a c k ( N ) j w h i l e X c a n r e p r e s e n t c o m p l e t e l i g h t n e s s , w h i c h i s d e a d w h i t e ( W ) . 5 t h e n r e p r e s e n t s m e d i u m g r a y , r a n g i n g f r o m 4.5 t o 5.5, a f u l l i n t e r v a l . I n c o n t r a s t , t h e r a n g e o f 0 - N » b l a c k i s f r o m 0 t o 0.5 a n d t h e r a n g e o f X - W • w h i t e i s f r o m 9.5 t o 10, b e c a u s e n o t h i n g i s b l a c k e r t h a n b l a c k a n d n o t h i n g w h i t e r t h a n w h i t e . U n l i k e o t h e r GEOSYSTEM S c a l e s , t h e N - S c a l e r e q u i r e s no a s s i g n e d v a l u e s : 1 i s I t 2 i s 2 ; 3 i s 3 i a n d so o n . F o r some a p p l i c a t i o n s o f t h e N - S c a l e , t h e z e r o p o s i t i o n a n d / o r t h e X p o s i t i o n may b e b l a n k . In i t s a p p l i c a t i o n t o i n t e n s i t y , t h e n i l i n t e n s i t y e x i s t s b u t t h e c o m p l e t e (X) i n t e n s i t y d o e s n o t . N o t e i n p a r t i c u l a r t h a t t h e s c a l e v a l u e s 0 t o X o r 1 t o 9 o r 0 t o 9 , e t c . , a r e u s e d i n some o f t h e o t h e r s c a l e s , as f o r i n s t a n c e , i n t h e T - S c a l e , p a r t o f t h e S - S c a l e , a n d p a r t o f t h e G - S c a l e , b u t in a l l t h e s e i n s t a n c e s t h e y ' h a v e a s s i g n e d v a l u e s a n d t h e r e f o r e c a n n o t be u s e d i n p l a c e o f t h e N - S c a l e . N o t e a l s o a n o t h e r c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f t h e N - S c a l e i s t h a t 3 a n d 7 a r e a l w a y s u n q u a l i f i e d ( w e a k , s t r o n g ; s o f t , h a r d , e t c . ) ; t h e 2 a n d 3 u s u a l l y h a v e a very as a q u a l i f i e r ; t h e 4 a n d 6 u s u a l l y h a v e a f a i r l y a s a q u a l i f i e r ; a n d t h e 1 a n d 9 u s u a l l y h a v e an ex t r e a t s l y as a q u a l i f i e r . 5 i s a l w a y s t h e m i d d l e , i n t e r m e d i a t e , m o d e r a t e , e t c . -X -9 -8 -7 - 6 -5 -4 - 1 - 2 - 1 -0 F i g . A -0 F i g . B N•SCALE Some o f t h e more c o m o n a p p l i c a t i o n s o f che N - S c a l e a r e X 9 e x t r e m e l y w e l l s o r t e d o r g r a d e d o r f o s s i l i z e d Ii v e r y w e l l s o r t e d o r r i p p l e - m a r k e d 7 w e l l s o r t e d o r r e - w o r k e d , e t c . 6 f a i r l y w e l l s o r t e d 5 i n t e r m e d i a t e l y s o r t e d 4 f a i r l y p o o r l y s o r t e d 1 p o o r l y s o r t e d 2 v e r y p o o r l y s o r t e d I e x t r e m e l y p o o r l y s o r t e d 0 u n s o r t e d i l l u s t r a t e d i n t h e f o l l o w i n g X e x c e p t i o n a l l y h i g h a m o u n t o r i n t e n s i t y o f a l t e r a t i o n o r 9 e x t r e m e l y h i g h o f m i n e r a l i z a t i o n 8 v e r y h i g h o r o f f r a c t u r i n g 7 h i g h o r s i l i c i f i c a t i o n 6 f a i r l y h i g h o r i n d u r a t i o n 5 m o d e r a t e o r s p h e r i c i t y , e t c . 4 f a i r l y l o w 3 l o w 2 v e r y l o w 1 e x t r e m e l y l o w 0 n i l L i g h t n e s s X » W = w h i t e 9 p a l e s t r e d o r a n y c o l o u r 8 p a l e r e d ( p i n k ) 7 l i g h t r e d 6 l i g h t e r r e d 5 m e d i u m r e d 4 d a r k e r r e d 3 d a r k r e d 2 v e r y d a r k r e d 1 d a r k e s t r e d 0 - N ' b l a c k IN f o r N o i r ) B r i g h t n e s s X 9 b r i l l i a n t r e d o r any c o l o u r 8 v e r y b r i g h t r e d 7 b r i g h t r e d 6 b r i g h t e r r e d S m o d e r a t e r e d 4 d u l l e r r e d 3 d u l l r e d 2 v e r y d u l l r e d 1 d u l l e s t r e d 0 Round ad n a a a / A n g u l a r i t y X 9 e x t r e m e l y r o u n d e d 8 v e r y r o u n d e d 7 r o u n d e d 6 s u b - r o u n d e d 5 i n t e r m e d i a t e 4 s u b - a n g u l a r 3 a n g u l a r 2 v e r y a n g u l a r 1 e x t r e m e l y a n g u l a r 0 A l t e r a t i o n F a c i e s i n P o r p h y r y E n v i r o n m e n t * • J u ^ n j s u c , A b u n d a n t * - ;or, .Tiwi i ly p r «j s «j n t ; ood . i b u n . * • ur.cotnaori *> m i n o r J • j r i q i n j t A L T E R A T I 0 N M I N £ R A L S QZ BI MS CLAY CL EP CB OTHER KA MM 9 j i l i c i : / t | u j r t i f l o o d i n g • • • • c n l o r i - u o t d u s i c • • -7 UQCiSSlC • • t * MG , A H , T 0 , A K 6 a d v a n c e d j n j i l l i c t • PP, T 0 , TE S p h y l l i s / « j n a i s s e n o u i • - T 0 , F L , TE 4 Kt" - s t a b l e J -3 i n t « * r r a » j J i 4 t a j r q i l l i c - • • -2 a o n t r a o r i l l o n i t i c - - - • • - • 1 p r o p y l u u - 0 - t • AB , ZE 0 f r e s h , p r i n a r y r o c k » i GEO LOG'S YSTEM ln ltrn«i ioMiG*o«yi l*mt Corpora I ion MINERALS AC a c t i n o l i c e CZ c l i n o z o i s i c s Hi h e m a t i t e j m a g n e t i t e NF n e p h e l i n e TA t a l c AD a J a U n a CF c o t f i n i ce m i n . c o m b ' n , u n d i t * NI n i c c o l i t e 44.N1 TL t e l l u r i d e s , g e n Te AB a l b i t e CU c o p p e r , n a t i v e Cu HE h e m a t i t e a l o n e TN t e n n a n t i t e S 0 C U S 6 S b « A s AM d l m a n d i ce CO c o r d i e r i t e H> HE)MG TE t e n o r i t e 80Cu A l a l u n L c e CV c o v e l l i t e 66Cu H« HE-MG OL o l i v i n e ( c h r y s o l i c e ) TT t e c r a h e d n t e CutSb A X a m p h i D o l e s , g e n C I c u p r i t e 8 9Cu IK HE<MG OP o p a l TX TT,TN u n d I f AA a n d a l u s i c e MG m a g n e t i t e a l o n e 00 o p a q u e s , g e r i TZ t o p a z AC jnvj l e s i ce 68Pb OX o x i d e s , g e n TO t o u r m a l i n e All a n n y d r i t e HB h o r n b l e n d e ( s e e B*) OR o r t h o p y r o x e n e , g e n TR c r e m o l i c e A N anor c h l t e DC d l c k i t e HU h u e b n e r i t e 61W A P a p a t i t e DC d i g e n i t e HM h y d r o m i c a ( I L ) PH p h l o g o p i t e AR d r a g o n l te. DI d i o p s i d e HY h y p e r s t h e n e PF p l a g i o c l a s e ( s e e K : ) A S a r s e n o p y r i t e 4 5As DO d o l o m i t e PT p l a t i n u m P t UR u r a n i n i t e ( p i t c h b l e n d e A O i s o e s t o s D: d o l o m i t e : c a l c i t e PO p o w e l l i t e 58Mo,W 9 2Ut AU dug L t e m i n . c o m b ' n . u n d i f * I L a n t e ( H M ) PS p s i l o m e l a n e Mn UX u r a n i u m m i n e r a l s , g e n ~ A T ax i n i c e DO d o l o m i c e a l o n e IM i l m e n i t e 3 2 T i PY p y r i t e 47Fe A : a i u c i c e I see M:) 5dCu D> DO>CA PL p y r o l u s i t e A E a c g e r i n e D" DO-CA JO ] a d e i c e PX p y r o x e n e , g e n VA v a n a d i n i t e 7 ] P b , l l V J< DO<CA JA j a r o s i t e PP p y r o p h y l 1 i C e VE v e s u v i a n i c e CA c a l c i c e a l o n e JO j o r d i s i t e 60Mo PR p y r r h o t i t e bOFe BA o j r i t e PN p e n t l a n d l t e BC uecy 1 KA k a o l i n WD wad Mn • o t h e r B I B i o t i t e KY k y a n i c e WO w o l l a s c o n i t e B: b i o t i t e : h o r n D l e n d e EN e n a r g 1 t e KF K - s p a r , o r c h o c l a s e 02 q u a r t z , g e n HP w o l f r a m i t e 62W T u n . c a m b ' n . u n d i t * ES e n s t d t i t e K ; K - s p a r : p l a g i o c l a s e OA q u a r t z , a g a t e WN w u l f e n i t e S6Pb*26Mo B I b i o c i c e a l o n e EP e p i d o t e m i n . c o m b ' n , u n d I £ * QC q u a r t z - c a r b o n a t e a> BI >HB ER e r y ch r i t e 30Co KF K - s p a r a l o n e OH q u a r t z , c h e r t B- B I -HB K> KF>PF QM q u a r t z , a m e t h y s t ZE z e o l i c e s , g e n B< B K H B FO f o r s t e r i t e K - KF-PF QX q u a r t z , c r y s t a l s Z I z i r c o n HB h o r n b l e n d e a l o n e FA f a y a l i t e K< KFCPF OS q u a r t z - s e r i c i t e ZO z o i s i t e FT l a m a c i n i c e PF p l a g i o c l a s e a l o n e QT q u a r t z - t o u r m a 1 i n e as b i s m u t h i n i t e 7 0 8 i FX c e l d s p a r 9 , g e n QR q u a r t z , r u t i l a c e d BO b o r n i t e b )Cu FO f e l d s p a t h o i d s , g e n OV q u a r t z v e i n , m a s s i v e XX any m i n e r a l Bit o r o c n a n t i t e 5 bCu FR t e r b e r i c e w YY • • FM f e r r i m o l y b d i c e 40MO LM l a u m o n c i c e 2Z FL 11u o r i t e 4 9F LU l a w s o n i t e XY • • CA ca i c l t e ( see 0: ) CL g a l e n a d6Pb LU l e u c i t e RC r h o d o c h r o s l c e Mn ca c a r b o n a t e s ,<jen C : g a l e n a : s p h a l e r i t e LE l e u c o x e n e RN r h o d o n i t e Mn XI ) m i n e r a l s i d e n t l -CT c a s s i c e r i ce 79Sn m i n . c o m b ' n , u n d i t " L I 1 i m o n l t e RU r u c i l e 6 0 T i X2 ) t i e d e l s e w h e r e CE c e r u s s i t e 7 7PD GL g a l e n a a l o n e HF ma f i c s , g e n Y l ) o r l a t e r CM c n a i c a n t h i ce 25Cu. C> GL>SL MA m a g n e s i t e 4BMgO SA s a n i d i n e CC c h a l c o c i c e , g e n accu C L ' S L MG m a g n e c i c e ( s e e n : ) 72Fe SC s c a p o l i t e C> • on e c . m m C< CL<SL MC m a l a c h i t e StiCu SZ s c o r z a l i t e A 0 D E N D U M : C. " on gangue SL s p h a l e r i t e a l o n e M: m a l a c h i c e i a z u r i t e SF s e r i c i t e - f l u o r i t e CP c h a l c o p y r I t e 35Cu m i n . c o m b ' n , u n d 1 £ * a s s e m o l a g e CL c h l o r i t e GA g a r n e t MC m a l a c h i c e a l o n e SH s c h e e l i t e 64W CD c h l o r i c o i d GS g l a s s , g e n M> MOAZ MS s e r i c i t e (MU) CR c h r o m i c e 4 6Cr GN g l a u c o n i t e M» MC-AZ SE s e r p e n t i n e CK c h r y s o c o l l a 36Cu CC g l a u c o p h a n e M< MC<AZ SD s i d e r i t e 48Fe OL c h r y s o l i t e ( o l i v i n e ) CO g o e t h i ce AZ a z u r i t e a l o n e S I s i l l i m a n i t e CS c h r y s o c i l e CD g o l d Au SV s i l v e r CN c i n n a b a r tJ6Hq CR g r a p h i t e C MN m a n g a n i t e 68Mn SS s i l v e r & s u l p h o s a l t s CY c l a y CR g r e e n o c k i t e 78Cd MT m a r c a s i t e SO s o d a l l t e C: c l a y ; m u s c o v i t e GS g r e i s e n , g e n MR mar i p o s i ce SL s p h a l e r i t e ( see G: ) m m . c o m b ' n , u n d i c• CY gypsum ML m e l n i k o v i t e 67Zn CY c l a y a l o n e MI m i c a s , g e n SP spnene 0 > CY>.1U MO m o l y b d e n i t e 60Mo ST s c a u r o l 1 t e CY-.1U HA h a l i c e MZ monaz i t e SB s t i o n i c e 72SO < Cl<;MU IIV he l v i c e MM moncmot* 11 I o n i t e 3u s u l p h a t e s , g e n MU rauscovice a l o n e HE h e m a t i c e , e a r c h y 70Fe MU m u s c o v i t e ( see C : ) SX s u l p n i d e s , g e n H S h e m a c i c e , s p e c u l a r i t e MS s e r i c i c e SR spe r r y 1 1 t e CX c l i n o p y r o x e n e , g e n GEOLOG'SYSTEM InurnaltonalGMtyslanit Corporation MINERALS RECAP SUMMARY OF SOME IMPORTANT G E N E R A L M I N E R A L S assemblage AX a m p h i b o l e s PF CB c a r b o n a t e s PX CC c h a l c o c i te QZ CX c l i n o p y r o x e n e SF FX f e l d s p a r s FD £ e l d s p a t h o i d s SS GL g l a s s SU G$ g r e i s e n SX LI 1 i m o n i t e TL MF o a f i c s TX 00 opaques UX OX o x i d e s ZE ro i RECAP SUMMARY OF MINERAL COMBINATIONS* Bi b i o t i t e i hornb lende C: c l a y : muscov i te Ds d o l o m i t e i c a l c i t e G: g a l e n a i s p h a l e r i t e Hi hemat i te i magnet i te Kt K-spar i p l a g i o c l a s e Mi m a l a c h i t e i a z u r i t e N O T E S 1. Re: Use of M i n e r a l Codes as Q u a l i f y i n g M i n e r -a l (Qalmin) ,QMI fc QM2, in f i e l d F ( 3 2 - 3 4 ) / L on GEOFORM: E n t e r Code of any m i n e r a l (such as hornb lende-HB) f o l l o w e d by e s t i m a t e d p e r c e n t p r e s e n t i n t h a t i n t e r v a l , u s i n g G - S c a l e (such as * f o r .3% o r 2 f o r 201, thereby c r e a t i n g the 3 - c h a r a c t e r Q a l o i n Codes , HB* and 1182. (See GEOFORM Header) 2. Re: Use of M i n e r a l Codes as any m i n e r a l XX o r TY i n f i e l d s F ( 6 7 - 6 8 ) / L and F ( 7 5 - 7 6 ) / L i E n t e r Code of o b s e r v e d m i n e r a l (such as CT» c a s s i t e r i t e ) in Upper T i e r 67-68 or 75-76: How i t o c c u r s i n Lower T i e r 67 or 75; and the e s -t i m a t e d p e r c e n t amount i n Lower T i e r 68 or 74, r e s p e c t i v e l y (See GEOFORM Header below) * m i n . c o m b ' n , u n d l f > m i n e r a l c o m b i n a t i o n , u n d i f f e r e n t i a t e d . For i n s t a n c e , use B: where p r o p o r t i o n of BI 4 HB cannot be g i v e n . Note t h a t many o f the m e t a l l i c m i n e r a l s have i of the i d e n t i f i e d meta l shown at r i g h t . Quartz,S\ i n veins; Epidote,.IX in blebs; Cassiterite..3t in m i c r o v e i n s ; Marcasite, It disseminated-81.050 I n t e r n a t i o n a l Q e o a y a t a m e C o r p o r a t i o n V a n o o u v a r , C a n a d a GEOLOG'SYBTEM Inter national O M a y s t e m . C o r p o r a 11 on ROCKS Tha f i r s t 4 l e t t a r a o f a r o c k type na«e i a i t s p r e f e r r e d Coda ( g r a n i t e - GRAN - GR and d i o r i t e - DIOR - DR) where GR i DR a re the S h o r t Forma, used f o r forming compound rock names ( g r a n o d i o r i t e - GRCR, q u a r t z d i o r i t e • QZDR), b u t i f 4 t h l e t t e r i s a vowel (as i n a p l i t e ) , t h a t vowel i a r e p l a c e d by the n e x t c o n s o n a n t ( a p l i t e « APLT, a r g i l l i t e - ARGL, and a n d e s i t e • ANDS), and i f a d o u b l e l e t t e r o c c u r s w i t h i n the f i r s t 4 (as i n agg lomerate) o n * i a d r o p p e d ( to become AGLM) I CODE FORM ACID ADAM (OZMZ) AGLM AGXX ALAS ALNT AMPH AMFB ANDS AN/D AN * F AN 5 L AN0R APLT AP/D ARGL ARKS AUTC SHORT ROCK TYPE NAME FORM a c i d i c r o c k , g e n C0AL C0 a d a m e l l i t e > C0AN q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e CPSA a g g l o m e r a t e C0BT " a l t ' v f o r m C0SB a l a s k i t e C0LG a l n o i t e (B0NE) a m p h i b o l i t e C0NG CG " a l t ' v f o r m CGXX CG a n d e s i t e CGEC " d y k e CGEV " f l o w CGIG " s i l l CGVL a n o r t h o s i t e CGVC a p l i t e C j 3 Q N C Q " d y k e AR a r g i l l i t e AK a r k o s e AC a u t o c l a s t i c r o c k AO QM AG AG AL AM AM AN AP BENT BN b e n t o n i t e BN/B " b e d BASL BS b a s a l t BS/D " d y k e BS»F " f l o w BASC b a s i c r o c k . g e n ( M A F C ) B I 3 C BC b i o c l a s t i c r o c k , g e n BONE b o n e c o a l BRXX BR b r e c c i a , g e n BRAC a u t o c l a s t i c b r e c c i a BRAF " f l o w BRAI " i n t r u s i o n " BRCQ c a r b o n a t e - q u a r t z " BRQC q u a r t z - c a r b o n a t e " BRVC v o l c a n i c l a s t i c " • BRVL v o l c a n i c " BRCL c h l o r i t e CARS. c a r b o n a t i t e CRBN " a l t ' v f o r m CHER CH c h e r t C L I N c l i n o p y r o x i n i t e ( o r u s e PERD.CX) CYSH CS c l a y s h a l e CLAY CY c l a y s t o n e 0 /CY c l a y u n c o n s o l . a s i n o v e r b u r d e n DACT DC DIAB DB DB/D DBSL DIAT D I DYKE 0/ / D D I 0 R DR OR/D DRSL DRIF D0LM D0 D0RF D 0 / B DUNT ECLG EPIC EC EPVC EV EXTR EX FALT FELS FL FL0W I F c o a l " a n t h r a c i t e " s e m i - a n t h r a c i t e b i t u m i n o u s " c u b - b i t u m i n o u s * l i g n i t e " b o n e c o n g l o m e r a t e " a l t ' v f o r m " e p i c l a s t i c " e p i v o l c a n i c l a s t " i g n e o u s " v o l c a n i c v o l c a n i c l a s t i c c o q u i n a d a c i t e d i a b a s e " d y k e " s i l l d i a t o m i t e d y k e ( d i k e ) r o c k " a l t ' v f o r m d i o r i t e " d y k e " s i l l d r i f t , g l a c i a l d o l o m i t e " r e e f " b e d d u n i t e e c l o g i t e e p i c l a s t i c r o c k * e p i v o l c a n i c l a s t i c * ( • s e e D e f i n i t i o n s ) e x t r u s i v e r o c k f a u l t ( z o n e ) o r FAUL f e l s i t e f l o w r o c k CABR GB g a b b r o MAFC MP m a f i c r o c k , g e n GNIS CN g n e i s s MFIC MF " a l t ' v f o r m GNES GN " a l t ' v ( r e g u l a r ) MFVL " v o l c a n i c GRAN GR g r a n i t e (TRAP) TP m a f i c r o c k • t r a p GRTC GT g r a n i t i c r o c k MARB m a r b l e GRNT GT a l t ' v f o r m MARL m a r l o r m a r l s t o n e GRDR GD g r a n o d i o r i t e MSXX MX m a s s i v e a n y m i n XX GD/D " d y k e MS0X " o x i d e s GRFL g r a n o f e l s MSSI " s i l i c a t e s GRBL g r a n o b l a s t i t e MSSU " s u l p h a t e s •GRLT g r a n u l i t e ° g r a n o l i t e MSSX * s u l p h i d e s GSCH Gt g r e e n s c h i s t MARK m e t a - a r k o s e GSTN GS g r e e n s t o n e MTBC MB m e t a b i o c l a s t i t e GWAC CW g r e y w a c k e - g r a y w a c k e METM MT m e t a m o r p h i c r o c k . g n . GWTF " t u f f MTDB m e t a d i a b a s e GRIT g r i t MTSD MS m e t a s e d i m e n t s , g e n MTVL m e t a v o l c a n i c s , g e n MTVC m e t a v o l e a n i c l a s t -HARZ h a r z b u r g i t e ( P E R D . 0 L ) i c s , g e n HBIT h o r n b l e n d i t e MIGM m i g m a t i t e II0RN h o r n f e l s M I L L m i l l - r o c k HRNF a l t ' v f o r m MINT m i n e t t e (BRHY) h y p o c r y s t a l i n e b r e c M0NZ MZ m o n z o n i t e MUDS MD m u d s t o n e MYLN m y l o n i t e IGNS IG i g n e o u s r o c k MISS u n l o g g e d p a r t o f DH IGNM i g n i m b r i t e INTR I N i n t r u s i v e r o c k NELS n e l s o n i t e NFS Y n e p h e l i n e s y e n i t e JASP j a s p e r N0RD n o r d m a r k i t e JSPD j a s p e r o i d N0RT n o r i t e 0LGB o l i v i n e g a b b r o KIMB k i m b e r l i t e 0RGN o r t h o g n e i s s 0RPY o r t h o p y r o x i n i t e ( P E R D LAHR 1 a h a r 0VER 0 / o v e r b u r d e n " CX) LAMP LM l a m p r o p h y r e 0 / C Y c l a y , u n c o n s o l LM/D " d y k e 0 / G V g r a v e l " LAPL LP l a p i l l i s t o n e 0 / S N s a n d * LATR l a t e r i t e 0 / S I s i l t LATT LT l a t i t e 0 /MD mud " LAUR l a u r v i k i t e ( S 0 I L ) so i 1 LAVA LV l a v a ( T I L L ) t i l l , g l a c i a l LHER l h e r I O 1 i t e LIMS LS l i m e s t o n e L S / B " b e d LSRF " r e e f LSSQ " s e q u e n c e L0ST l o s t c o r e I PAGN p a r a g n e i s s PEGH PG p e g m a t i t e PERD p e r i d o t i t e PERT p e r t h o s i t e PHON p h o n o l i t e PHY L PH p h y l l i t e PICR p i c r i t e PPXX PP p o r p h y r y , g e n PPFX " . f e l d s p a r PPFO " , f e l d s p a r - q u a r t z PPQF " . q u a r t z - f e l d s p a r PPQZ " . q u a r t z PYRC PC p y r o c l a s t i c r o c k (AGPC) a g g l o m e r a t e (BRPC) " b r e c c i a PYRX p y r o x e n i t e Q Z I T q u a r t z i t e QZDR QD q u a r t z d i o r i t e QZGB QG q u a r t z g a b b r o QZMZ QM q u a r t z m o n z o n i t e QZPH QP q u a r t z p h y l l i t e QZ /V q u a r t z v e i n ( s ) QZVN a l t ' v f o r m RHYL RY r h y o l i t e RHYD RD r h y o d a c i t e ROCK RX r o c k , g e n RX-1 r o c k - 1 ' RX-2 r o c k - 2 • ( E C-1) e p i c l a s t i c - r o c k - 1 * (EV-11 e p i v o l c a n i c l a s . - 1 * (MS-1) m e t a s e d . - r o c k - 1 * (VL -1 ) v o l c a n i c - r o c k - 1 * (VC-1) v o l c a n i c l a s - r o c k - l « ( • i d e n t i f i e d l a t e r l SI SI SN S I SH SL SCHI SCHS SCYL SEAT SEDM SERP SAND 10 /SN) S I L T ( 0 / S I ) SHAL SNSI SNSH SNCG SHSI S I S N S I S H SICG SLAT S O I L SYEN SY SYDR TACT T I L L T L I T T ING TONL TRAC TCAN TRAP TR JN TUFF TFAQ TFLP TF XT TFXL TFWL TUFS TC TF s c h i s t a l t ' v f o r m s c y e l i t e s e a t e a r t h s e d i m e n t a r y r o c k s e r p e n t i n i t e s a n d s t o n e s a n d u n c o n s o l s i l t s t o n e s i l t u n c o n s o l s h a l e s a n d s t o n e w i t h S I w i t h s h a l e " w i t h c o n g l o m " w i t h s i l t s t o n e s i l t s t o n e w i t h SN " w i t h s h a l e " w i t h c o n g l o m ( • i n t e r b e d d e d , 5 0 t - ) s l a t e s o i l ( o v e r b u r d e n ) s y e n i t e s y e n o d i o r i t e t a c t i t e t i l l , g l a c i a l t i l l i t e t i n g u a i t e t o n o l i t e t r a c h y t e t r a c h y a n d e s i t e t r a p t r o n g h j e m i t e t u f f " . a q u a g e n e " .lapilli " . c r y s t a l . c r y s t a l l a p i l l i " . w e l d e d t u f f a s i t e ULMF UM u l t r a m a f i c r o c k ULBS UB u l t r a b a s i c . a l t ' v V0LC V L v o l c a n i c r o c k VLCC VC v o l c a n i c l a s t i c r o c k V E I N / V v e i n < < < < < < m i c r o v e i n s . > > > > > m a c r o v e i n WEBS w e b s t e r i t e WEHR w e h r l i t e MOTS THAT 1) The above table i s alphabetic by rock type names, not by their Codes 2) Somm rock types have more Chan one Code: the second i s an alternative form; both are acceptable by the System and both may be used in the same project and sane log, as for instance to distinguish between two different rock units hav i ng the same rock type )) Codes in brackets are the Codes of rock types not in their alphabetic position R O C K - T Y P E Q U A L I F I E R S In a d d i t i o n to T y p i f y i n g and Q u a l i f y i n g M i n e r a l s , two o t h e r f a c t o r s o f i m p o r t a n c e q u a l i f y a r o c k namely. Env ironment o f Emplacement and Rock-Type Q u a l i f i e r , b o t h o f which are 2 - l e t t e r codes t h a t a r e to be e n t e r e d s i d e - b y - s i d e i n the Lower T i e r , d i r e c t l y below Rock T y p e . A l t e r n a t i v e l y , Rock-Body Form a n d / o r Provenance may be entered i n these same two f i e l d s . . ENV ~ ENVIRONMENT OF EMPLACEMENT RTQ — ROCK-TYPE QUALIFIER AC a u t o c l a s t i c AN a n d e s i t i c SL s l a t y AL a l l o c h t h o n o u s AP a p l i t i c SY s y e n i t i c AO a e o l i a n AR a r g i l l a c e o u s T F t u f f a c e o u s AT autochthonous AX a r k o s i c UM u l t r a m a f i c BH b iohermal BN b e n t o n i t i c VL v o l c a n i c BK b r a c k i s h - w a t e r CH c h e r t y BR b a c k - r e e f CY c l a y e y BS b i o s t r o m a l CO c o a l y CO c o n t i n e n t a l CG c o n g l o m e r a t i c EC e p i c l a s t i c ( n o n - v o l c a n i c ) DC d a c i t i c EV e p i v o l c a n i c l a s t i c DB d i a b a s i c F L f l u v i a l , f l u v i o t i l e DR d i o r i t i c FR f o r e - r e e f DO d o l o m i t i c GF g l a c i o - f l u v i a l F L f e l s i t i c GL g l a c i a l , g l a c i o - l a c u s t r i n e GB gabbro i c IN i n t r u s i v e GR g r a n i t i c LC l a c u s t r i n e GN g n e i s s i c LG l agoona l HR h o r n f e l s i c MR marine , gen LT l a t i t i c MS marine , s h a l l o w LS l i m e y MM mar ine , moderate depth MF m a f i c MD marine , deep water MZ m o n z o n i t i c NM non-marine PG p e g m a t i t i c PC p y r o c l a s t i c PH p h y l l i t i c PL p l u t o n i c PP p o r p h y r i t i c SD sedimentary RY r h y o l i t i c SV s u b - v o l c a n i c RD r h y o d a c i t i c VL v o l c a n i c , gen Sit s c h i s t y , -ose VC v o l c a n i c l a s t i c SH s h a l y SI s i l t y RBF -- ROCK-BODY FORM B/ bed c/ c o n t a c t zone D/ dyke F/ f a u l t zone F= flow N/ v o l c a n i c neck P/ p i p e s/ seam S= s i l l S# s t o c k $/ s t r i n g e r zone V/ v e i n PRV — PROVENANCE o r SOURCE OF ROCK PARTICLES M* metamorphic X* mixed P* p l u t o n i c Y * p y r o c l a s t i c S* s e d i m e n t a r y V* v o l c a n i c (*The a s t e r i s k may be r e p l a c e d w i t h a G-Scale p e r c e n t a g e M3 = 30% metamorphic P4 = 40% p l u t o n i c S6 = 60% sedimentary) GEOLOG*SYSTEM lnl«intiion«iQ*o«|r<lwntCoipoi<lion Upper T i e r / B i •T, MODE THK-HESS STRUC 1 Feature I 0 STRIKE AZIMUTH c l o c k w i s e f r o a True North >90*l D I P < to r i g h t t f * o r Tops[ PLUNGE d o w n i ( l i n e a r ) Lower T i e r L Bx - T 2 STRUC 2 Feature I • AZIMUTH T ! 0 I P o r o r a i PLUNGE 48 49 SO 51 52 53 54 | SS 56 The az imuth of a s t r i k e i s measured c l o c k w i s e from True N o r t h and i s expressed as a 3 - d i g i t number, even i f l e s s than 100*, as fo r i n s t a n c e , 037 and 175, to d i s t i n g u i s h from d i p s , which a re 2 - d i g i t . An az imuth that i s due n o r t h i s b e t t e r e x p r e s s e d as 360 r a t h e r than 000. The s t r i k e o f a d i p p i n g p l a n a r f e a t u r e that i s not v e r -t i c a l c o u l d be g i v e n as e i t h e r o f two v a l u e s which would d i f f e r by 180*i however, i n GEOLOG, use the c o n v e n t i o n o f f a c i n g a long that d i r e c t i o n of s t r i k e t h a t p l a c e s the d i r e c t i o n of d i p to o b s e r v e r ' s r i g h t . If tops a r e down, s t i l l take s t r i k e so that d i p i s to r i g h t , but r e c o r d d i p as ang le g r e a t e r than 90*. I f p l a n a r f e a t u r e i s v e r t i c a l , f a c e s t r i k e d i r e c t i o n t h a t p l a c e s the presumed top or youngest s u r f a c e to the r i g h t . I f t a k i n g a t t i t u d e of p l a n a r f e a t u r e hav ing t h i c k n e s s , such as d y k e , d i s t i n g u i s h a t t i t u d e of top wi th T in 54 from a t t i t u d e of bottom wi th B. However, n o r m a l l y r e c o r d a t t i t u d e of top of dyke when From-footage marks i n t e r -s e c t i o n w i t h top and r e c o r d a t t i t u d e of bottom s u r f a c e when From-footage marks bottom. STRUCTURE T - s c A r. • M O D E T H I C K N E S S A s s g n S c a l e B e d d i n g S p l i t t i n g o r V a l u e V a l u e D e s c r i p t i o n T e x t u r a l T e r n 2 t o < 2 mo < 5 mm 1 3 mm mn 0 1 v a r v e d l a m i n a t e d ) ) ) f i s s i l e PS .5 t o < 2cm 1 cm 2 v e r y t h i n f l a g g y 11 2 t o < 5cm 3 cm 3 t h i n s l a b b y SB 5 t o <20cm 10 cm 4 a e d . t h i n ) ) ) % 20 t o <50cn 30 cm 5 m e d i u m b l o c k y BK .5 t o < 2 m 1 a 6 med. t h i c k 1 ) 2 t o < 5 m 3 m 7 t h i c k ) \ 5 t o < 20 m 10 a 8 v e r y t h i c k ) J 1 m a s s i v e MX >20 a 30 a 9 e x t r m l y t h k } ) The B x and B 2 i n F ( 4 8 ) / L , f o r bedding mode t h i c k n e s s , can a l s o be used f o r the more g e n e r a l Ti_ and T j , f o r mode t h i c k n e s s o f l i t h o - f e a t u r e s , such as d y k e s , c o a l seams, v e i n s , e t c . , which must be i d e n t i f i e d i n the f e a t u r e I D f i e l d s , F ( 4 9 - 5 0 ) / L . F E A T U R E I D E N T I T I E S AX a x i s of. any f o l d - may r e p l a c e x w i t h : A a n t i c l i n e S s y n c l i n e 0 d r a g f o l d , e t c . BN b a n d i n g BD b e d d i n g ; B I , B2 . . s p e c i f i c b e d s ( a l t . f o r m , B / ) CV c l e a v a g e ; I C , 2C . . s p e c i f i c c l e a v a g e s C / c o n t a c t ; C I , C2 . . ' • c o n t a c t s ( a l t . f o r m , CN) U / d y k e ; 0 1 , 02 . . s p e c i f i c d y k e s ( a l t . f o r m , DK) - may u s e DT • d y k e t o p , OB • d y k e b o t t o m F / f a u l t ; F l , F2 . . s p e c i f i c f a u l t s ( a l t . f o r m , F L ) FB f l o w b a n d i n g FZ f a u l t z o n e FS f r a c t u r e s e t ' (SF • s i n g l e f r a c t u r e ) GN g n e i s s o s i t y JS j o i n t s e t ( S j ~ - s i n g l e j o i n t ) LS l e n s LN l n . e a t i o n ; L I , L2 . . . s p e c i f i c l i n e a t i o n s S / s e a m ; S I , S2 . . Sit s h e a r $ / s t r i n g e r SS s l i c k e n s i d e s U / u n c o n f o r m i t y ; V / v e i n ; V I , V2 . . << m i c r o v e i n s >> m a c r o v e i n VC v e i n , c a l c i t e VQ v e i n , q u a r t z e t c . s p e c i f i c seams UA a n g u l a r u n c o n f o r m i t y s p e c i f i c v e i n s 00 o o I AM a l g a l matted A* amygdaloidal Afi animal bored,burrowed AP a p l i t i c AG augen structured BN banded BD bedded BC b i o c l a s t i c BI bioturbaceous=dis-turbed by animals BK blocky BT botryoidal BR brecciated (C casted (X c r y s t a l - c a s t e d (F f l u t e - c a s t e d (L load-casted CA c a t a c l a s t i c CM c h i l l e d margin CT c l a s t i c CS closed-structured framework supported CG c l a y - g a l l e d CC concretionary KR crackled CR crenulated XB cross-bedded XC c r o s s - c u t t i n g DF drag-folded* en ech. shearing EQ equigranular FZ feldspar zoned F$ f i s s i l e FY flaggy FL f l a s e r - s t r u c t u r e d FT f l a t t e n e d FB flow banded F2 folded s l i g h t l y F3 " l i g h t l y F5 " moderately F7 " strongly F9 " t i g h t l y FO f o l i a t e d FS f o s s i l i f e r o u s F( "-calcareous FC "-carbonaceous FF "-faunal FG " - g r a p h i t i c FM "-marine FN "-non-marine FP "-plants GP glomero-porphyritic GN g n e i s s i c Gj graded-bedded GT g r a n i t i c GB gra n o b l a s t i c GL granulosa GF graphic GY greasy, s e c t i l e HT heterogeneous HO homogeneous HF h o r n f e l s i c structured T E X T U R E S IM imbricated IQ inequigranular IB interbedded IN i n t e r s t i t i a l LM laminated LB lensoid-banded (streaky) LN l e n t i c u l a r LE l i n e a t e d LS l i s t r i c - s u r f a c e d LL l i t - p a r - l i t LT l i t h i c >> macroveined MX massive << microveined MC mud-cracked MY myl o n i t i c ND nodular OS open-structured -disrupted, matrix-supported PW partings & whisps of c o a l PG pegmatitic PL p e l e t o i d a l PS penecontemp.slumped PH p h y l l i t i c PI p i s o l i t i c , p e a - l i k e PK p o i k i l i t i c PP p o r p h y r i t i c PB por p h y r o b l a s t i c TG ptigmatic RP r a i n - p r i n t e d RW reworked R7 strongly RW R5 moderately RW R3 l i g h t l y RW R2 s l i g h t l y RW RB r i b b o n - l i k e , -banded RM ripple-marked M7 strongly RM M5 moderately RM M3 l i g h t l y RM (etc.) RA asymmet. RM RS symmet. RM SC schistose SR scoured SB slabby SL s l a t y SS s o f t sediment slumping SP sparry SK stockworked SW s t r o m a t o l i t i c ST s t y l o l i t i c TC t r a c h y t i c , t r a c h y t o i d TG ptigmatic UF uniform textured W veined VS v e s i c u l a r VG vuggy WL welded TYPIFYING & QUALIFYING MINERALS TYPIFYING MINERALS AND QUALIFYING MINERALS, MATERIALS a DESCRIPTORS R O C K - 2-Code f o r Forming T y p i f y i n g M i n e r a l s M i n e r a l s 3-Code Q u a l i f y i n g , M a t e r i a l s , M i n e r -a l s fc D e s c r i p t o r s N 0 T E i The t h i r d c h a r a c t e r , t , p r e s e n t i n many of the 3 - c h a r a c t e r c o d e s , i a to be e i t h e r r e p l a c e d w i t h a G - S c a l e p e r c e n t a g e e s t i m a t e o f the amount o f the m i n e r a l o r m a t e r i a l p r e s e n t , . . . o r l e f t b lank 8 I a c t i n o l i t e a l b i t e a n d a l u s i t e c a l c i t e c l a y c 1 i n o z o i s i t o c o r d i e r i t e d o l o m i t e e p i d o t e f e l d s p a r , g e n g a r n e t g l a u c o p h a n e g r a p h i t e AC Afl BI CA CA GC GR ACt Aflt AMG AMt AAt ARG ARK BEN BIO BII BIT BL BR% CAL CAt CB* CR» Clit CYI CZI CCR CPU CO I COB CGI C0» COQ c a t X T * a c t i n o l i t l c a l b i t i z e d a i u y g d a l o i d a l " , t amyg's a n d a l u s i c a r g i l l a c e o u s a r k o s i c hemat i t e h o r n b l e n d e h y p e r a t h e n e j a d e i te K - a p a r k y a n i t e l a u m o n i t e l a w s o n i t e HE* h e m a t i t i c tiat h o r n b l e o d i c HY% h y p e r s t h e n i c EPt . EVP EV% FX I FLD FE* G At GC% GR* CRT GY* JDt KF% KYt LM% LWI j a d e i t e » K - f e l d s p a t h i c . k y a n i t i c l a u m o n i t i c l a w s o n i t i c b e n t o n i t i c b i o c l a s t i c b i o t i t i c b i t u m i n o u s 1 b l e a c h e d , n-1-9, N - S c a l e b r e c c i a t c a l c a r e o u s c a l c i t i c I c a r b o n a t e s c a r b o n a c e o u s t c h e r t y t c l a y e y c l i n o z o i s i t i c c o a l y b c o . r a s h " p a r t i n g s and whiaps * p e r c e n t c o b b l y c o n g l o m e r a t i c t c o r d i e r i t l c * c o q u i n o i d % c o q u i n a t c r y s t a l s DO DOt d o l o m i t i z e d , i c e p i d o t i z e d e v a p o r i t l c " p e r cent f e l d s p a t h i c f e l d a p a t h o i d a l f e r r u g i n o u s g a r n e t i f e r o u a g laucophanoua g r a p h i t i c g r i t t y g y p s i f a r o u s l i m o n i t e L i t l i m o n i t i c LIM l i m e y LPt l a p i l l i t LTt l i t h i c t (RXt) LCn l e a c h e d , n-1-9 N - S c a l e M i c a s , g e n . MI MIt micaceous MRt m i a r o l i t i c i.uDntmor 11 Ion i t e MM MMt montmor11Ionic m u s c o v i t e MU MUt m u s c o v i t i c " s e r i c i t e MS MSt s e r i c i t i c MTt m a t r i x t MUD muddy n e p h e l i n e NP NFt n e p h e l i n l t i c o l i v i n e OL OL* o l i v i n e t OQZ o r t h o q u a r t z t i c PAR p a r t i n g s PEB p e b b l y PHS p h o s p h a t i c p y r i t e PY PY» p y r i t l c PYN p y r i t i c - n o d u l a r PYT p y r i t i c - t u b e a p y r o p h y l l l t e PP PPt p y r o p h y 1 1 i t i c pyroxene PXt p y r o x i n l t i c py r r h o t i t e PR PR* p y r r h o t i t i c q u a r t z , g e n QZ QZ* q u a r t z l t l c . o s a - a>jate OA OA* a g a t i z e d - c h e r t QC QCt c h e r t y t - v e i n , m a s s . QV QVt mass. QZ-Vtl RXt t rock f r a g s RTL r o o t l e t s r u t i l e RU RUt r u t i l i t l c s e r i c i t e MS MSt s e r i c i t i c s e r p e n t i n e SE SE* s e r p e n t i n i z a d a i d e r i t e SO SD* s i d e r i t i c s i l L i i . i i n l t e SI S i t s i l l i m i n i t i c SAN sandy SN* " * SIL s i l t y SLt s i l t y SIF s i l i c l f i e d - s i l i c e o u s SFn - n » n e e d l e hardness SLT s l a t e y S-E s e a t - e a r t h 1 s t a u r o l i t e ST ST* s t a u r o l i t l c topaz T2 TZt topaz t t o u r m a l i n e TO TOt t o u r r a a l l n l z e d t r e m o l i t e TR TRt t r e r a o l i t i c TKt t u f f a c e o u s v s t v e s i c u l a r XNt x e n o l l t h i c z e o l i t e ZE ZE* z e o l l t i c z o i s i t e ZO z o t z o i s i t i c * c o r d i e r i t e and c o a l have the same 2 - l e t t e r code - CO , but both a r e not l i k e l y to o c c u r t o g e t h e r COAL MATERIALS SUMMARY PET p e a t , peaty LIG l i g n i t e , - i c SBT s u b - b i t u m i n o u s BIT b i tuminous BTH ", h i g h v o l a t i l e BTM med. v o l a t i l e VTL ", low v o l a t i l e SMA s e m i - a n t h r a c i t e Kbit a n t h r a c i t e RECAP SUMMARY C l a y e y to Cobbly CYt c l a y e y MUD muddy SHt s h a l y SIL s i l t y SN* sandy PEB pebb ly COB c o b b l y APPENDIX C ANALYTICAL RESULT -121-DOH 021 II 39109 68. 08 14 . 96 3. 14 1 . 48 3. 50 3. 47 39110 67 . 78 14 . 95 3. 45 1 . 58 3. 35 3. 62 39112 67 . 53 14 . 96 3. 27 1 . 62 3. 45 3. 90 391 14 67 . 64 14 . 96 3. 42 1 . 64 3. 25 4 . 09 391 16 66. 89 14 . 82 2. 83 1 . 44 5. 86 1 . 80 391 18 67 . 61 14 . 96 2. 86 1 . 49. 3. 19 3. 96 39120 68 . 10 14 . 97 3. 26 1 . 52 2. 60 4 . 16 39122 67. 75 14 . 97 3 1 1 1 . 63 2. 88 4 27 39124 67 . 35 14 . 96 3. 38 1 . 82 3. 35 3 93 39125 62 . 1 1 14 . 92 8. 68 6 . 13 2. 58 1 . 07 39152 67 . 34 14 93 3. 84 1 . 87 3. 38 3. 94 39154 67 . 78 14 . 94 3 14 1 90 3. 27 4 . 22 39156 67 . 66 14 . 94 3. 54 1 87 3. 03 4 . 15 DDH 025 -38150 63 . 42 14 91 8 . 36 4 . 7 1 2 67 O 34 39176 58 99 17 . 28 9 . 99 5 .21 3 .67 0 .37 39178 60 08 15 99 9 .65 6 .52 2 .91 0 .69 39180 62 .90 17 .42 6 .94 3 .52 3 96 0 .07 39182 59 98 16 . 7 1 8 .79 5 .74 3 .71 0 .85 DDH 026 20 39130 60. 34 14 . 94 1 1 . 50 5 . 68 1 . 45 0 39 132 60 38 14 . 79 10. 23 6 . 64 3. 10 0 13 39134 60. 22 14 . 75 10. 32 6 . 92 3. 05 0. 14 39136 56. 87 14 . 74 13 07 7 49 3 43 0. 43 39 138 67 37 14 95 7 .27 4 . 19 1 12 0 39 39140 60 65 14 60 10 45 6 .89 2 .80 0 37 39142 55 34 14 77 12 .72 8 .74 2 .98 0 .54 39144 59 20 14 .83 10 .96 6 83 3 .23 0 .51 39146 63 1 1 14 .80 7 .47 6 .00 3 .46 0 .23 39 148 57 .97 14 .84 11 .90 7 .40 2 .76 0 .66 DDH 068 39 194 60 .07 16 .58 8 .20 5 .35 4 . 44 0 .67 39 196 56 . 75 15 . 45 10 .OO 8 .66 4 .64 1 . 13 39198 56 .87 16 .45 1 1 .35 6 .37 4 . 45 0 .25 39200 59 .29 15 31 9 .77 7 .95 2 .97 0 .69 39202 58 . 13 15 . 18 10 .42 7 .53 3 81 1 21 39204 59 .71 15 . 30 9 .36 6 .27 4 .32 1 81 DDH 069 39206 66 .64 16 .32 2 .26 1 .51 4 . 14 1 . 17 39208 71 .55 14 .59 1 .56 1 .27 0 .20 1 .95 39210 71 .42 13 .99 2 .24 2 .32 0 .30 1 . 14 39212 70 .00 14 .64 3 .36 2 .82 0 .82 0 .86 39214 68 .26 15 58 3 .28 2 .72 1 . 17 1 . 72 39216 69 .76 14 .34 2 .32 1 ,94 0 .61 3 . 34 39218 72 • 16 14 . 26 2 . 15 1 .25 0 .35 1 .97 39220 69 .78 14 .38 2 .55 1 83 0 .42 2 .37 39222 68 .62 15 .20 1 .81 1 .74 2 .85 1 .09 39224 65 .03 15 .79 4 . 18 1 .63 4 . 17 1 .50 39226 65 .71 16 .74 2 .52 1 .78 4 .73 2 .09 39228 65 .60 16 .68 1 .99 1 . 1 1 5 .79 1 .73 DDH 076 3. 13 0. 50 0. 14 37252 68 .54 14 3. 12 0. 52 0. 15 37255 68 .86 14 3. 03 0. 52 0. 15 37256 67 .07 14 2 . 86 0. 54 0. 14 37258 68 .20 14 5. 12 0. 45 0. 17 37260 69 .03 14 3 73 0. 54 0. IS 37262 68 . 16 14 2 99 0. 47 0. 14 37264 65 .96 14 2 92 0. 49 0. 14 37266 65 .64 14 3. 07 0. 51 0. 14 37268 65 .84 14 2. 31 1 . 02 0. 22 37270 66 .05 14 2 . 84 0. 54 .0- 15 37272 67 .70 14 2 89 0. 47 0. 14 37274 68 .84 14 2 94 0 50 0. 14 37276 37278 37280 70 66 65 .32 .28 . 12 14 14 14 3 76 0 93 0. 12 37282 66 .55 14 3 .85 1 . 17 . 0 19 2 .80 1 . 16 0 .20 DDH 078 1) 4 .57 0 92 0 .20 37226 67 .41 14 3 .47 1 .02 0 : 15 37228 37230 68 68 .80 .30 14 14 19 33 37232 67 .09 14 3 58 1 . 0. 37234 66 .65 14 3. 3 1 1 . 12 0. 19 37236 66 .27 14 3. 31 1 . 1 1 0. 18 22 37238 59 .32 14 2 84 1 . 09 0. 37239 67 .65 14 2 3 43 35 0. 1 79 08 0. 0 15 17 16 37242 37244 65 68 .90 .00 14 14 3 . 34 1 . 33 0. 37246 68 .03 14 2 94 1 .09 0 16 37247 65 .68 14 3 .41 0 .97 0 . 19 37250 67 .25 14 2 .86 1 . 1 1 0 . 18 37201 37202 37203 65 65 67 .83 .85 .25 14 14 14 4 OO 0 .85 0, 15 37204 67 .59 14 2 . 14 1 .07 0. 20 37205 66 .95 14 3 .55 0 88 0 21 37207 66 .79 14 2 . 34 1 . 1 1 0 33 3720B 66 . 77 14 2 . 15 1 . 13 0 20 37209 66 .79 14 . 1 .63 1 . 10 0 18 37210 3721 1 66 67 .88 . 17 14 14 . .93 . 38 . 18 37213 66 .99 14 6 0 0 37214 57 .86 14 6 4 .50 .86 0 1 .36 .46 0 0 . 12 . 13 37215 37216 67 66 .95 .71 14 14 5 . 26 5 -65 0 0 .47 .48 0 0 , 10 . 16 37219 66 .96 14 5 . 19 0 .47 0 . 16 37222 66 .49 14 5 .25 0 .37 0 . 13 37224 67 .41 14. 6 .23 0 .45 0 . 18 DDH 080 6 .90 0 .39 0 . 14 37314 60 .98 14 . 6 .57 0 .40 0 . 16 37316 68 .76 14 . 5 .67 0 .43 0 .20 37318 68 . 37 14 . 6 .26 0 .39 0 .27 37320 67 94 14 . 37322 69.54 14. 37324 71.21 14. 37326 71.08 14. 37328 67.23 14. 37330 66.91 14. 37332 69.97 14. .96 2 .94 2 . 13 3 .21 1 .68 4 .09 0 .48 0 . 16 .96 3 .58 2 .52 1 .76 2 .07 3 .85 0 .50 0 . 16 .97 3 85 2 .47 2 .84 3 .04 3 .32 0 .56 0 . 18 .96 3 .97 2 . 76 1 .80 2 .27 3 .70 0 .51 0. 19 .96 3 .87 2 .07 1 .93 1 .80 3 .94 0 .44 0. 17 .95 4 01 2 .43 2 .21 1 88 4 .24 0 .47 0. 17 .97 3 .94 3 .04 3 .47 2 85 3 .37 0 .58 0. 22 .97 3 .36 2 .45 3 .82 2 .63 4 .77 0 .44 0. 19 .95 4 .87 2 .61 3 .05 3 .41 3 .20 0 .55 0. 21 .97 4 .73 2 . 18 3 . 14 3 . 1 1 3 .57 0 .51 0 . 19 96 3 .83 2 .21 2 . 23 2 .77 4 . 13 0 .46 0 . 16 .95 2 . 75 1 .59 2 .84 3 . 16 3 .83 0 .39 0. 15 .86 2 . 14 1 .97 2 .68 2 .59 3 .89 0 .32 0. 15 .96 3 .40 2 .58 3 . 18 4 . 18 3 .30 0 .53 0. 21 .97 3 .90 2 . 27 4 .35 2 .99 4 . 1 1 0 .47 O. 19 .96 3 .27 2 .25 3 .68 3 .02 4 .03 0 .47 0. 18 97 3 .53 2 .53 1 .43 3 .69 4 .02 0 51 o . 17 97 3 27 1 .92 0 .97 3 .67 3 .93 0 48 0. 16 97 2 .88 2 . 12 1 .45 3 . 78 4 .07 0. 52 0. 19 96 4 .25 1 .65 3 . 33 2 .61 3 .82 0. 50 0. 18 97 3 .46 1 .53 3 .95 3 .43 3 .64 0. SI 0 . 20 95 3 50 2 06 3 .41 2 .98 4 68 0. 53 0. 20 89 7 .81 3 .67 7 .53 3 .07 2 .26 0. 99 0 . 22 96 4 .35 1 .65 2 .60 2 OS 4 .46 0. 48 0. 18 27 4 16 2 .53 6 .23 0 .68 6 .33 0. 45 0. 21 96 3 16 2 00 2 . 16 3 .53 3 .91 0 50 0. 16 97 3 1 1 1 83 2 .69 2 .75 4 OB 0. 45 0 19 92 3 82 1 .87 5 .26 1 .59 5 14 0. 42 0 . 19 92 3 64 2. 03. 4 .39 0 .62 5. .25 0. 48 0. 20 97 4. 37 2 . 47 3 . 15 2 25 4 42 0. 60 0 . 22 96 4. 68 3. 57 1 89 3. 04 3. 70 0. 68 0. 23 96 4 . 08 2 . 72 1 78 3. 32 3. 64 0. 56 0. 19 97 3. 72 2. 68 1 . 67 1 . 98 4 . 94 0. 49 0. 18 96 3 89 2 35 2 29 3. 60 3. 87 0. 52 0 . 20 97 3. 38 2 . 08 3. 05 3. 39 4. 01 0. 45 0 . 20 97 3. .46 2 06 3. 02 3. 84 3 57 0. 48 0 . 19 96 3. 78 2 12 2 . 87 4 . 24 3. 26 0. 49 0. 18 96 3. 29 2 25 2. 89 4 . 28 3 .40 0. 49 0. 19 97 3. 05 2. 13 2. 77 4 .03 3 .67 0. 49 0. 18 96 3 23 2 . 15 2. .76 4 54 3 44 0. 46 0 . 19 94 7. 37 4 . 67 7. 04 2. .90 3 54 0. 87 0 . 21 97 3. 14 1 . 61 3. .39 2 85 3. .55 0. 39 0 . 16 96 3 19 t . 99 3 .09 4 .34 3 .63 0. 50 0 . 17 97 2. 98 1 . 77 3 66 3 .25 4 01 0. 48 0 . 18 97 3. 40 2 . 48 2 .94 3 84 3 .60 0. 54 0. 20 96 2. 84 2. 00 3. 06 3 55 3 97 0. 47 0. 18 74 4 . 23 3. 79 io . 58 0. 06 5. 56 0. 48 0 . 19 96 2. 59 2. 86 4. 20 0. 07 4 . 30 0. 36 0. 15 89 2. 88 2. 47 S. 31 0. 09 4. 47 0. 35 0 . 17 96 2 34 2 . 27 4 . 72 0. 85 4 . 63 0. 37 0 . 17 97 i 84 0. 95 2. 27 2. 95 4 . 90 0. 4 i 0. 17 84 1 . 87 1 . 70 3. 85 0. 83 4 . 03 0 3 0 . 16 48 2. 12 1 . 90 6. 05 0. 1 1 3. 74 0. 40 0. 17 93 2. 65 1 81 5. 64 0. 95 4 . 98 0. 37 o 17 91 3. 55 2 . 20 5. 43 0. 20 5. 17 0. 38 0. 17 97 2. 72 1 . 40 1 . 12 2. 72 4. 54 0. 48 0 . 16 S A M P L P R O J M O C U ZN P B C O NI C O A G F mn DDH 0 2 1 3 9 1 0 8 0 1 4 6 6 1 5 2 0 2 3 1 1 8 3 . 3 2 8 12 0 . 5 2 5 0 0 4 4 0 3 9 1 0 9 0 1 4 6 6 1 8 1 3 6 1 3 0 . 2 1 7 15 0 . 3 3 3 6 0 4 1 0 3 9 1 1 0 0 1 4 6 4 5 9 4 4 2 4 0 . 3 1 5 13 0 . 2 7 4 2 0 4 7 0 3 9 1 1 1 0 1 4 6 4 4 1 1 5 6 6 6 2 . 0 16 1 2 0 . 7 5 5 0 0 4 1 5 3 9 1 1 2 0 1 4 6 4 1 1 7 4 5 1 3 0 . 4 15 1 4 0 . 2 5 3 8 0 4 1 5 3 9 1 1 3 0 1 4 6 4 9 6 2 5 1 1 0 . 2 12 1 1 0 . 3 2 3 8 0 3 4 0 3 9 1 1 4 0 1 4 6 4 7 4 3 6 1 9 0 3 16 13 0 . 2 4 3 8 0 4 8 0 3 9 1 1 5 0 1 4 6 4 8 0 9 1 3 6 0 8 1 9 16 0 . 5 8 4 4 0 1 2 6 3 9 1 5 1 0 1 4 6 3 3 2 6 3 6 1 1 0 3 1 3 12 0 . 9 0 3 8 0 3 4 9 3 9 1 5 2 0 1 4 6 4 1 0 1 2 8 3 12 2 . 8 18 13 1 . 7 7 4 2 0 3 8 6 3 9 1 5 3 0 1 4 6 3 3 0 6 9 2 9 0 . 7 16 12 1 . 1 0 4 4 0 3 2 4 3 9 1 5 4 0 1 4 6 4 2 3 4 3 7 8 12 3 6 1 5 12 3 . 8 6 1 0 5 4 3 0 3 9 1 5 5 0 1 4 6 4 3 3 9 2 1 2 1 0 1 9 1 5 12 1 . 6 5 4 4 0 3 5 7 3 9 1 5 6 - 0 1 4 6 4 3 5 3 4 8 0 . 4 17 14 0 . 2 5 4 2 0 3 6 0 DDH 0 2 5 3 9 1 5 0 0 1 4 6 6 9 2 2 9 0 1 8 5 1 8 1 4 1 9 2 9 2 . 5 7 7 2 0 3 4 5 3 9 1 7 6 0 1 4 6 1 7 0 2 7 2 0 2 2 4 1 9 1 . 7 2 2 4 7 2 . 6 7 6 4 0 4 4 0 3 9 1 7 7 0 1 4 6 1 4 0 2 0 1 0 1 12 8 0 6 2 1 3 9 1 . 7 8 7 0 0 4 6 0 3 9 1 7 8 0 1 4 6 5 1 2 5 6 0 8 8 1 1 0 . 5 1 9 3 6 2 . 8 9 7 4 0 4 7 0 3 9 1 7 9 0 1 4 6 3 8 0 1 8 5 0 9 0 7 0 . 8 1 9 3 2 1 . 7 7 8 4 0 3 2 0 3 9 1 8 0 0 1 4 6 9 6 2 7 3 0 1 8 3 3 3 2 . 0 18 3 2 1 . 7 9 8 8 0 6 1 0 3 9 1 8 1 0 1 4 6 1 4 0 3 1 2 0 1 2 7 1 7 1 . 0 1 9 3 2 2 . 6 0 1 0 4 0 3 8 3 9 1 8 2 0 1 4 6 . 4 2 3 0 5 0 8 0 12 0 8 1 9 4 9 2 . 17 8 4 0 4 2 0 3 9 1 8 3 0 1 4 6 2 6 0 3 9 5 0 5 3 3 0 4 1 7 4 1 2 . 9 5 1 5 0 0 3 4 3 9 1 8 4 0 1 4 6 1 0 0 3 8 5 0 3 8 3 0 4 1 7 3 1 1 . 9 1 1 1 2 0 1 9 3 9 1 8 5 0 1 4 6 2 1 0 2 6 G 0 1 5 5 3 7 1 7 2 2 3 0 2 . 13 9 2 0 3 2 3 3 9 1 8 6 0 1 4 6 2 5 2 6 3 0 6 2 0 14 5 . 5 2 0 3 0 2 . 7 6 7 8 0 6 1 0 3 9 1 8 7 0 1 4 6 3 1 0 1 7 4 0 9 9 0 8 4 13 7 1 3 13 4 . 13 8 0 0 7 2 0 3 9 1 8 8 0 1 4 6 2 3 0 2 7 4 0 6 2 1 0 1 . 3 12 1 1 1 . 6 5 1 2 0 0 2 9 3 9 1 8 9 0 1 4 6 1 6 0 2 0 9 0 7 7 0 2 9 7 2 1 6 1 7 2 . 4 0 1 1 2 0 4 7 DDH 0 2 6 3 9 1 3 0 0 1 4 6 6 8 3 0 1 0 6 1 3 0 3 1 5 2 6 2 13 4 8 0 4 6 0 3 9 1 3 1 0 1 4 6 1 7 5 0 0 B 4 2 6 1 . 2 15 2 4 1 . 3 3 6 0 0 2 7 5 3 9 1 3 2 0 1 4 6 1 3 6 3 0 1 1 5 4 5 1 . 2 1 6 2 6 1 0 6 8 0 3 6 5 3 9 1 3 3 0 1 4 6 1 3 6 8 0 6 2 1 0 0 . 7 1 1 1 9 1 . 3 4 7 0 0 1 7 1 3 9 1 3 4 0 1 4 6 4 0 5 1 0 5 6 9 0 . 4 1 6 4 2 1 . 9 8 6 0 0 3 0 3 3 9 1 3 5 0 1 4 6 5 3 0 1 0 6 1 14 0 . 4 1 7 3 4 8 4 4 0 3 0 4 3 9 1 3 6 0 1 4 6 2 4 2 0 6 0 2 0 8 1 0 1. 1 2 4 5 2 2 . 1 0 6 2 0 5 7 0 3 9 1 3 7 0 1 4 6 3 1 0 4 0 9 9 8 1. 0 2 1 3 2 1 0 4 4 6 0 3 6 0 3 9 1 3 8 0 1 4 6 7 2 1 0 0 1 2 9 12 1. 1 2 0 2 5 1 . 4 4 6 4 0 2 7 5 3 9 1 3 9 0 1 4 6 1 0 1 0 9 0 4 8 9 0 . 5 14 2 8 1 . 5 5 5 6 0 2 1 5 3 9 1 4 0 0 1 4 6 1 6 1 8 9 0 1 4 4 15 1 4 2 0 3 9 2 . 9 0 5 8 0 3 4 0 3 9 1 4 1 0 1 4 6 3 4 1 4 3 0 1 4 3 1 0 i : 2 2 1 3 6 1 . 6 9 6 0 0 3 4 0 3 9 1 4 2 0 1 4 6 12 2 7 8 0 1 3 2 18 0 . 6 1 9 3 1 2 . 7 3 6 0 0 4 6 0 3 9 1 4 3 0 1 4 6 3 6 1 2 9 0 7 0 12 0 . 6 14 2 7 1 . 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27 0 . 17 3 7 3 7 0 6 2 . 2 8 14 . 9 5 6 . 2 1 4 . 10 5 . 2 3 2 . 5 6 2 . 5 5 0 . 8 4 0 . 2 1 3 7 3 7 2 5 5 . 8 7 14 . 9 7 9 . 14 5 . 14 7 . 4 3 2 . 4 1 2 . 8 1 1 . 0 6 0 . 19 3 7 3 7 4 5 5 . 5 1 14 . 9 4 10 . 2 4 5 . 3 9 7 . 0 2 2 . 7 3 2 . 3 0 1 . 15 0 . 2 0 3 7 3 7 6 6 1 . 3 7 14 . 9 3 6 . 8 9 4 . 4 0 6 . 18 1 8 6 2 . 5 2 0 . 8 1 0 . 18 3 7 3 7 8 5 5 . 9 4 14 . 9 7 8 . 9 9 3 . 6 9 9 . 8 4 0 . 7 4 3 . 8 2 1 . 0 9 0 . 2 1 ••4 7 . 0 8 2 . 3 3 ~ • D D H 0 8 9 3 9 1 5 8 4 8 . 8 3 14 . 3 0 13 . 5 7 13 . 8 0 3 . 5 0 0 . 8 8 2 . 7 3 1 . 34 O 2 5 3 9 1 6 0 6 7 . 2 2 14 . 14 7 . 4 2 4 . 8 7 1 . 0 8 0 . 8 0 4 . 5 6 0 . 6 3 0 13 3 9 1 6 2 6 6 . 9 3 14 . 2 5 8 OO 3 . 0 5 2 . 3 6 0 . 4 5 4 . 8 5 O . 7 1 O. 17 3 9 1 6 4 6 8 . 9 3 14 . 9 3 5 OO 1 . 0 7 3 . 6 8 0 . 2 9 4 . 0 5 0 . 5 3 0 1 1 3 9 1 6 6 6 5 . 0 6 14 . 9 5 5 . 8 9 5 . 7 0 2 . 2 0 0 . 3 8 3 . 3 7 0 . 9 2 0 19 3 9 1 6 8 6 5 . 0 2 14 . 5 3 9 14 4 . 9 5 1 . 4 4 0 . 0 4 4 . 0 7 1 . 0 5 0 . 2 5 3 9 1 7 0 5 4 . 2 6 14 . 8 3 12 . 7 0 8 . 17 5 . 10 0 8 8 2 . 4 3 1 . 2 6 O . 19 3 9 1 7 2 6 0 . 0 2 14 8 8 10 . 2 0 6 . 4 9 2 . 9 9 1 . 10 2 . 5 3 1 . 0 7 O . 17 3 9 1 7 4 6 0 . 7 4 14 . 8 5 9 . 4 1 7 O I 2 . 4 1 0 8 3 2 . 9 6 1 . 0 4 0 2 3 ODH 0 9 2 f) 3 7 4 2 8 7 0 . 8 8 14 . 9 7 4 . 3 3 1 . 3 5 1 . 3 7 0 . 15 4 . 3 4 0 . 34 O . 15 3 7 4 3 0 6 9 . 5 8 14 . 9 7 2 . 9 5 1 . 3 3 2 . 5 6 1 . 4 8 4 . 4 9 0 . 3 0 0 13 3 7 4 3 2 6 8 . 9 7 14 . 9 7 2 . 4 1 1 . 6 0 2 . 0 3 2 . 3 5 5 . 0 8 0 . 3 6 O 15 3 7 4 3 4 6 8 . 9 8 14 . 9 7 2 . 2 8 1 . 2 7 2 . 3 5 2 . 2 6 5 . 2 2 0 3 6 0 . 14 3 7 4 3 6 6 8 . 4 5 14 . 9 8 2 . 7 0 1 . 5 5 2 . 4 1 2 . 24 5 . 0 2 0 . 3 6 0 15 3 7 4 3 8 7 0 . 5 0 14 . 9 7 3 . 4 9 1 . 6 2 1 . 3 6 0 4 6 5 13 0 3 6 O 15 3 7 4 4 0 5 1 . 7 6 14 . 9 3 10 . 7 9 9 . 4 8 5 2 6 1 . 27 4 21 1 . 0 9 O . 2 1 3 7 4 4 2 5 0 . 9 9 14 . 8 5 1 1 . 8 1 1 1 . 2 6 4 37 0 8 3 3 . 6 5 1 . 0 4 0 19 3 7 4 4 4 5 8 . 0 6 14 . 9 7 9 . 0 8 5 . 2 3 4 . 4 1 1 9 3 3 . 7 0 1 . 0 4 O 17 3 7 4 4 6 5 5 . 4 5 14 . 9 7 1 1 . 7 2 5 . 6 4 4 8 5 1 . 2 3 3 7 9 1 . 0 6 0 18 3 7 4 4 8 5 5 . 4 4 14 9 8 10 . 5 5 4 . 9 5 8 OO 1 . 2 2 2 4 4 0 . 9 7 0 21 3 7 4 5 0 4 8 . 2 4 14 . 9 6 10 . 8 9 9 . 6 5 8 . 6 3 1 . 8 0 3 . 4 3 1 . 0 8 0 2 8 3 7 4 5 2 5 1 . 0 9 14 . 9 7 9 . 3 3 8 . 2 8 8 6 9 2 0 2 3 3 3 1 . 0 5 0 2 6 3 7 4 5 4 5 7 . 8 7 14 . 9 7 8 . 5 0 4 . 7 6 5 5 0 2 5 6 3 . 5 0 1 . 1 1 0 18 3 7 4 5 6 5 5 . 13 14 . 9 7 9 . 7 9 5 . 7 1 6 7 8 2 2 6 2 9 3 1 . 18 0 2 0 3 7 4 5 8 5 8 . 3 5 14 . 9 7 9 . 5 0 5 . 4 5 4 . 3 6 1 5 9 3 . 3 2 1 . 0 4 0 , 17 3 7 4 6 4 5 8 . 9 7 14 9 7 8 . 16 4 9 1 4 . 8 2 2 21 3 . 3 4 0 9 6 0 . 21 3 7 4 6 6 6 0 . 7 9 14 9 7 6 9 5 4 . 0 4 3 9 8 3 . 0 8 3 4 4 1 . 10 0 . 4 5 3 7 4 6 8 6 6 . 4 8 14 9 7 3 . 6 2 1 . 8 0 4 . 3 8 2 8 6 3 3 0 o 5 8 0 2 0 3 7 4 7 0 6 6 . 1 1 14 9 7 4 0 3 2 . 4 1 3 9 4 2 . 6 9 3 6 0 0 . 5 3 0 . 13 3 7 4 7 2 6 6 . 6 7 14 9 7 6 3 0 1 7 0 2 0 6 1 . 6 7 4 18 0 4 9 0 . 1 1 3 7 4 7 4 6 4 8 9 14 9 7 2 4 1 2 2 7 4 41 2 4 2 6 19 0 . 4 6 0 . 21 3 7 4 7 6 5 7 2 4 14 . 9 8 8 7 2 5 . 2 3 5 . 31 1 . 7 6 4 . 0 7 0 . 9 7 0 . 2 3 3 7 4 7 8 6 4 0 4 14 . 9 7 5 . 9 9 2 . 7 8 4 . 4 4 1 . 9 2 2 . 9 1 0 . 8 4 0 . 3 5 3 7 4 8 0 5 5 0 9 14 9 7 7 . 4 3 6 . 6 7 6 . 4 3 2 0 6 4 6 4 0 9 1 0 . 26 3 7 4 8 2 5 0 . 0 7 14 9 8 9 . 2 6 8 3 8 7 . 8 5 1 . 7 2 4 . 9 9 1 0 8 0 . 2 8 3 7 4 8 4 6 2 2 7 14 9 7 6 0 1 2 . 51 5 . 2 9 2 . 5 9 3 3 0 0 9 9 0 . 5 0 3 7 4 8 6 6 5 19 14 . 9 8 4 . 0 2 1 . 7 1 4 . 8 3 2 . 81 3 5 8 0 76 0 . 2 8 3 7 4 8 8 5 9 . 9 7 14 . 9 7 7 . 9 3 3 . 6 4 5 . 8 8 2 . 6 6 2 . 4 2 1. 0 1 0 . 21 3 7 4 9 0 6 5 . 21 14 . 9 6 5 . 4 6 2 . 6 8 4 . 0 6 2 . 4 3 2 . 6 4 0 . 8 1 0 . 2 5 3 7 4 9 4 5 8 6 5 14 . 9 8 8 . 10 3 . 8 4 6 . 5 4 2 . 5 3 2 6 8 1. 0 9 0 . 2 0 3 7 4 9 6 6 4 . 3 8 14 . 9 8 5 . 8 8 2 . 3 8 4 . 0 0 1 . 5 5 3 8 7 0 . 8 5 0 . 2 7 3 7 4 9 8 6 7 . 2 3 1 4 . 9 7 2 . 6 8 1 . 7 0 4 . 4 3 1 . 74 4 . 6 2 0 . 5 4 0 . 15 3 7 5 0 0 4 6 . 5 1 14 . 9 5 1 1 . 9 5 1 0 . 9 3 7 . 4 6 O . 9 2 4 . 7 7 0 . 9 9 0 . 2 2 3 9 1 0 2 5 8 . 5 5 14 . 9 8 7 . 5 1 4 . 15 6 . 2 9 1 . 34 4 . 5 9 0 . 9 2 0 . 18 3 9 1 0 4 6 7 . 8 2 14 . 9 7 2 . 12 1 . 4 4 4 . 19 0 . 3 9 6 12 0 . 3 2 0 . 16 3 9 1 0 6 6 9 . 3 3 14 . 9 8 3 . 2 7 2 . 0 0 2 . 8 2 0 . 14 4 . 6 2 0 . 5 3 0 . 15 OOH 085 373B1 0135 1020 4 100 570 13 5 0 17 37382 0135 480 2 1 10 124 7 1 0 17 37383 0135 510 3190 2 10 6 1 . 5 18 37384 0135 380 3510 78 9 2 2 20 37385 0135 400 3 160 137 10 1 1 18 37386 0135 310 4400 135 10 0 . 6 1 12 37387 0135 680 2020 68 8 0 3 24 37388 0135 290 5500 63 9 0 4 23 37389 0 1 3 5 1 1 0 2570 70 4 0 3 22 3 7 3 9 0 0 1 3 5 6 9 0 2650 39 9 0 4 23 3739 1 0 1 3 5 380 40O0 1 10 18 0 9 26 37392 0 1 3 5 5 5 0 2 1 10 134 46 1 . 6 59 37393 0 1 3 5 680 1540 92 24 0 9 68 37394 0135 180 2800 91 1 1 0 5 24 37395 0 1 35 290 2250 54 9 0 . 6 26 37396 0 1 3 5 320 2170 52 6 0 4 23 37397 0 1 35 4 50 3220 347 324 3 a 2 1 37398 0135 300 2250 39 2 t 0 6 24 37399 0135 690 4700 30 9 0 3 19 3 7 4 0 0 0135 970 1350 15 4 0 2 13 37401 0135 6 3 0 B40 15 6 0 . 2 16 37402 0135 590 6 10 t o 7 0 2 13 37403 0 1 3 5 8 4 0 960 13 7 0 2 14 37404 0 1 3 5 4 90 14O0 14 8 0 1 14 37405 0 1 3 b 5 8 0 1360 1 1 7 0 3 1 3 3 7 4 0 6 0 1 3 5 5 9 0 1060 18 1 1 0 2 1 5 37407 0 1 3 5 7 3 0 8 10 2 1 10 0 3 1 4 37408 0 1 3 5 1 0 8 0 8 10 18 1 1 0 4 14 37409 0 1 3 5 9 6 0 600 19 1 3 0 2 13 374 10 0 1 3 5 9 8 0 8 30 22 1 2 0 . 3 14 374 1 1 0135 640 1060 15 10 0 2 14 374 12 0135 8 4 0 1 170 4 1 20 0 6 15 374 13 0135 360 800 145 29 1 6 16 374 14 0135 5 10 820 33 17 0 . 5 16 374 15 0135 430 980 15 8 0 3 15 374 16 0135 370 1200 25 14 0 5 15 374 17 0135 430 1 100 26 17 0 . 3 16 374 18 0135 250 860 27 17 0 3 15 374 19 0135 260 880 23 16 0 . 2 13 37420 0135 630 980 15 10 0 . 2 13 3742 1 0135 340 980 20 10 0 . 1 13 37422 0135 570 780 14 9 0 1 14 37423 0 1 3 5 950 820 44 12 0 4 15 37424 0135 840 880 49 23 0 6 14 37425 0135 2 15 950 60 2 1 0 . 5 16 37426 0135 320 1580 65 22 0 .6 15 ODH 0 8 8 20 5 1400 18 37340 0129 330 19 2 . 38 1220 15 3734 1 0129 130 24 2 . 69 1300 13 37342 0129 48 28 2 . 80 1300 17 37343 0129 26 23 1 . 96 1 160 13 37344 0129 160 55 2 . 50 1400 45 37345 0129 150 29 1 . 74 1360 23 37346 0129 3 3 0 35 7 1330 23 37347 0129 76 3 1 2 . 56 960 350 37348 0129 22 20 2 . 00 1360 25 37349 0129 23 3 1 6 1 180 64 37350 0129 20 35 16 1 140 10 3735 1 0129 170 32 12 1360 10 37352 0129 25 28 6 960 580 37353 0129 160 34 2 . 15 10O0 54 37354 0129 1020 29 2 . 00 1200 23 37355 0129 22 23 10 840 2 16 37356 0129 66 25 2 . 14 1280 45 37357 0129 38 19 7 1360 20 37358 0129 84 9 1 . (8 1200 1 1 37359 0129 56 8 1 14 1280 7 1 37360 0129 (4 7 0 . 80 880 43 3736 1 0129 53 6 1 . 32 1020 46 37362 0129 260 8 1 50 960 65 37363 0129 20 8 1 47 100O 60 37364 0129 66 9 1 . 00 1480 93 37365 0129 320 8 0 6 1 1400 84 37366 0129 14B 9 0 80 1600 1 1 37367 0129 98 8 0. 57 1280 10 37368 0129 260 7 0 90 1400 66 37370 0129 86 8 1 02 1200 56 3737 1 0129 1 1 9 1 20 1240 72 37372 0129 28 9 0 95 1060 83 37373 0129 4 30 10 0 .59 1360 55 37374 0129 3 1 8 0 67 1240 52 37375 0129 260 9 0 96 1 180 97 37376 0129 1950 9 0 .66 I2B0 79 37377 0179 93 8 0 . 7 1 1280 20 37378 0129 230 8 0 .67 1 120 65 37379 0129 230 7 0 . 72 1000 53 37380 0129 45 8 0 .80 1 160 58 8 0 53 1 100 50 9 1 . 26 1200 20 9 0 . 76 1280 12 1 1 1 .08 1520 12 9 1 .64 1240 1 1 2150 84 28 0 7 16 36 7 700 860 2 180 114 17 1 1 18 28 2 .61 740 127 2910 38 4 0 2 18 40 1 . 8 3 1040 3 1 1760 28 4 0 1 16 30 1 . 10 50O 258 2350 34 6 0 1 15 37 1 . 80 500 323 29 10 5 1 7 0 1 16 31 1 . 8 0 880 G70 1780 33 3 0 1 13 31 1 . 23 540 2.1 J 1350 41 6 0 1 13 27 1 . 75 780 2 19 1840 34 3 0 . 1 15 43 2 .06 6 2 0 332 2300 39 4 0 . 1 18 42 1 . 66 760 278 1240 43 7 0 . 1 16 30 1 .57 560 220 3170 39 6 0 . 1 15 50 3 . 75 5 2 0 220 1420 40 1 1 0 . 1 14 3 1 1 . 90 540 192 2 180 48 5 0 . 1 15 36 2 . 6 0 160 276 2030 55 6 0 . 2 18 35 2 . 6 0 520 384 1520 49 6 0 . 1 16 40 1 . 55 560 2-14 2130 48 7 0 . 1 16 47 3 . 45 260 4 10 3500 45 12 0 . 2 17 38 3 . 10 720 34 1 450O 46 10 0 2 16 47 5 70O 344 1920 57 5 0 1 15 29 2 *10 340 325 2900 55 8 0 . 2 20 45 2 . 99 700 470 6 1 0 0 46 6 0 . 3 22 58 5 600 208 1220 43 7 0 . 1 18 29 1 . 40 320 288 2850 77 1 1 0 . 2 23 53 3 . 62 420 550 1370 56 7 0 . 1 22 40 1 . 50 380 280 3380 4 1 6 0 2 21 33 6 520 238 12 10 64 50 0 . 2 26 31 1 . 30 BOO 2<I0 1070 38 7 0 . 1 19 24 1 . 2 1 4 20 237 2720 45 6 0 1 18 29 2 . 65 520 232 1730 34 8 0 . "1 20 23 1 . 80 540 162 21 10 72 7 0 2 31 34 2 . 13 7 20 3 1 1 3800 65 5 0 . 3 18 36 3 . 20 700 287 1700 54 2 0 . 1 16 27 1 . 49 660 267 1870 78 5 0 . 2 2 1 35 2 . 60 500 337 1890 58 5 0 . 1 19 29 2 .04 963 32 1670 47 14 0 1 18 25 3 OO 640 274 1280 40 6 0 . 1 15 23 1 . 39 500 306 2010 74 26 0 . 2 19 32 3 7 1 148 700 5300 1950 1550 35 . 0 15 27 185 560 400 1840 74 12 0 . 2 19 23 2 . 47 540 590 DDH 0 0 9 39157 0146 8 390 103 1 1 1 .6 64 40 0 . 5 1 600 134 39158 0146 4 337 90 8 0 .6 8 1 47 0 . 4 3 880 227 39159 0146 3 400 148 7 1 .0 32 23 0 . 3 0 880 234 39 160 0146 2 90 120 27 2 .6 20 19 0 . 38 580 206 39 16 1 0146 3 61 68 2 1 .0 20 24 0 . 2 1 640 181 39162 0146 2 132 85 4 1 . 9 17 17 0 .23 500 105 39 163 0146 5 200 203 3 1 . 1 18 2 1 0 . 25 480 243 39 164 0146 4 138 204 16 1 . 0 20 18 0 . 76 460 380 39165 0 1 4 6 3 186 37 3 0 .5 16 26 0 .24 420 190 39 166 0146 3 179 7 1 9 0 . 3 14 22 0 . 48 440 275 39 167 0146 4 650 304 134 2 . 4 14 1B 1 1 560 289 39 168 0146 5 145 240 116 2 . 1 23 22 0 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. 75 840 165 37435 0 1 4 6 76 880 76 20 1 . .2 15 12. 1. 45 800 201 37436 0146 3 10 1070 40 10 1 . 0 15 M ' O . 64 1000 16 37437 0146 280 1280 1 14 10 1 . 7 14 1 1 1. 1.1 920 164 37438 0 1 4 6 96 90O 49 10 1 . 0 14 10 0 . 86 920 100 37439 0146 180 1200 43 1 1 1 . 5 14 10 .1. 70 660 150 3 7 4 4 0 0146 56 2370 124 7 0 . 9 48 32 2 . 83 1080 33 3744 1 0 1 4 6 114 1360 31 7 0 6 28 14 1 . 65 1300 . 14 37442 0146 51 26 10 131 44 1 . 0 7 1 40 3 . 95 1060 50 37443 0 1 4 6 4 1 2690 88 7 0 4 20 34 2 . 70 540 330 37444 0 1 4 6 63 6250 67 10 0 . 6 18 35 9 840 220 37445 0 1 4 6 63 350O 160 12 0 8 16 35 3 . 80 880 380 37446 0 1 4 6 89 6150 124 30 0 . 9 24 52 13 680 370 37447 0146 2 10 3240 180 37 1. 6 23 44 3. 99 740 282 37448 0 1 4 6 430 3590 68 18 0 . 5 29 45 12 680 4 10 37449 0146 80 2470 87 9 0 . 4 91 46 2 . 97 720 450 3 7 4 5 0 0146 160 3360 70 9 0 . 3 102 5 1 8 880 287 37451 0146 600 3470 83 23 0 . 5 98 45 9 1000 35 37452 0146 320 1900 78 9 0 . 5 68 33 2 . 86 660 29 1 37453 0146 92 2570 50 6 0 . 3 21 39 3. 50 740 340 37454 0146 74 2640 62 to 0 . 4 20 32 3 . 97 340 289 37455 0146 104 4100 68 15 0 . 4 20 32 3 . 78 640 231 37456 0146 35 28BO 54 8 0 . 3 23 38 3 . 1 1 520 264 37457 0146 4 1 2370 63 6 0 . 3 26 38 2 . 52 380 340 37458 0146 52 3040 47 8 0 . 2 2 1 33 3 . 38 *480 219 37459 0146 2 9 0 40OO 47 8 0 . 2 17 26 3 . 97 6 0 0 223 3 7 4 6 0 0146 150 2 7 1 0 38 7 0 . 3 17 25 4 . 13 7 2 0 137 37461 0 1 4 6 120 2 9 8 0 79 12 O . 8 16 27 4 . 18 720 163 37462 0 1 4 6 150 2 7 2 0 25 6 0 . 2 14 23 2. 50 720 122 37463 0 1 4 6 50 4 0 5 0 54 7 0 . 4 18 25 8 640 224 37464 0 1 4 6 74 5 1 5 0 64 1 1 0 . 6 2 1 26 10 720 180 37465 0 1 4 6 53 8 7 0 0 49 12 0 . 5 17 23 14 780 153 37466 0 1 4 6 102 3320 31 6 O. 3 16 25 8 lOOO 16 37467 0 1 4 6 143 2 0 5 0 27 8 0 . 2 15 18 2 . 74 620 147 37468 0 1 4 6 6 0 15BO 23 13 O . 2 12 12 2 . 41 840 95 37469 0146 8 1 1540 30 17 0 . 2 11 9 1 . 59 760 82 3 7 4 7 0 0146 3 9 0 2250 21 5 0 . 2 13 14 2. 92 SOO 102 3747 1 0146 2 10 1800 18 5 0 . 2 1 1 1 1 2 74 920 65 37472 0146 1 10 3050 14 4 0 . 2 9 12 7 660 42 37473 0 1 4 6 260 2250 21 5 0 . 2 10 1 1 2 .51 840 50 37474 0 1 4 6 95 2 1O0 26 13 0 . 2 15 10 2. .53 1500 79 37475 0 1 4 6 130 2730 23 B O. 2 12 13 3 03 980 81 37476 0146 130 5850 46 5 0 . 3 4 1 33 10 1080 14 37477 0 1 4 6 60 2 0 7 0 21 5 0 . 3 12 18 2 82 840 40 37478 0 1 4 6 5 4 0 4750 76 5 0 . 4 13 19 8 1000 1 1 37479 0146 133 60O0 38 6 0 . 4 39 28 12 1120 18 3 7 4 8 0 0 1 4 6 2 7 0 2 9 7 0 58 5 0 . 5 38 28 3 .55 1200 17 3748 1 0 1 4 6 72 2 9 2 0 77 4 0 . 5 53 37 3. 98 1360 22 37482 0 1 4 6 170 2 5 0 0 69 3 0 . 4 51 32 3 0 3 1600 25 37483 0 1 4 6 82 2600 63 5 0 . 5 20 24 3 .54 130O 22 37484 0146 56 3420 68 7 0 . 4 14 22 7 1000 2 1 37485 0146 240 2720 40 4 0 . 3 12 16 6 920 1 12 37486 0146 240 2300 33 3 0 . 2 1 1 14 3 .46 640 1 12 37487 0146 75 3560 60 6 0 . 4 15 20 7 820 194 37488 0 1 4 6 28 4 2 5 0 78 9 0 . 3 17 28 7 860 260 37489 0 1 4 6 86 4 2 0 0 140 7 1 3 14 23 8 860 193 3 7 4 9 0 0146 93 1720 105 9 0 9 13 15 3 .01 70O 252 37491 0 1 4 6 83 3200 83 9 0 .6 18 38 3 . 22 640 248 37492 0146 17 2 120 12 1 18 0 9 14 2 1 3 OO 580 250 37493 0 1 4 6 94 1250 33 6 0 . 3 10 14 2 .OO 660 151 374 94 0146 2 10 2080 59 6 0 . 3 18 24 2 .97 500 230 37495 0 1 4 6 120 3270 57 7 0 . 3 15 20 8 700 222 37496 0 1 4 6 2 6 0 2 6 2 0 34 6 0 . 4 13 17 3 . 20 740 105 37497 0 1 4 6 220 1930 IB 3 0 . 2 1 1 13 2 .48 680 99 37498 0 1 4 6 4 3 0 1220 21 6 0 . 2 12 13 2 .38 720 8 1 37499 0 1 4 6 190 2300 33 6 0 . 2 55 26 2 .99 680 155 3 7 5 0 0 0 1 4 6 7 1 3400 64 7 0 . 2 96 48 10 1 120 25 39101 0146 3 10 2720 7 1 5 0 . 2 73 36 3 . 15 880 266 39 102 0146 2 3 0 2860 160 16 1 . 9 19 28 3 . 6 3 800 276 39103 0 1 4 6 48 1920 20 9 0 .3 12 16 3 .97 720 1 11 39104 0146 1080 1350 23 10 0 .4 12 10 2 .57 880 233 39105 0146 8 0 0 1860 20 7 0 . 2 1 4 15 i . 86 940 1 i 1 39106 0146 140 1810 297 126 3 . 8 10 14 17 780 154 39107 0 1 4 6 250 2470 339 145 4 .5 1 1 t 1 36 740 128 DDH 092 1 ) CONTINUED 3 9 2 3 0 66 .84 17 . 18 3 .07 1 .33 3 .48 2 13 5 39232 54 .03 17 .59 3 .63 1 .05 16 . 6 0 1 .04 5 39234 66 . 89 16 13 3 .44 1 86 2 93 3 87 3 39236 65 85 16 38 5 . 18 3 21 1 .74 2 62 3 39238 66 22 16 .25 5 .45 2 10 3 . 33 2 32 3 3 9 2 4 0 66 06 15 .99 4 .37 2 59 3 .28 2. 89 3 39242 67 12 16 20 3 .47 1 56 2 61 3. 31 4 39244 64 . 93 17 .20 6 .51 1 .32 3 .44 0 48 5 39246 6 5 . 70 16 82 5 .48 1 60 4 00 0 65 5 39248 67 65 17 15 2. 56 1 46 3 .4 1 2 26 4 39250 58 21 16 73 4 .60 2 .48 12 . 7 0 0 05 4 39476 70 20 14 .34 4 . 62 1 08 0 . 11 1 52 5 39478 55 78 20 71 14 94 3 29 1 .54 1 16 3 39480 68 . 15 17 14 4 . 55 O 83 0 .31 4 41 3 39482 68 95 15 55 3 . 24 1 98 0 .48 3 18 4 39484 69 45 15 33 4 13 1 21 0 32 3 .09 4 39486 69 06 16 66 3 17 1 .61 1 .07 4 14 2 39488 67 33 17 32 3 91 1 . 15 3 . 38 2 98 3 39490 73 33 14 69 1 . 70 0 . 72 0 .65 0 74 5 6 7 901 58 56 15 77 a 7 1 4 .97 5 .56 2 50 2 67903 59 . 90 15 38 9 04 5 .07 3 .93 2 31 2 67905 57 05 14 89 a 90 7 .53 5 02 1 92 3 67907 60 49 15 48 7 .77 4 .86 2 .57 3 84 3 67909 7 1 35 13 . 29 0 98 1 .43 2 . 38 1 . 38 6 6791 1 7 0 . 62 14 . 37 1 33 1 .40 3 .04 1 ,00 5 67913 68 31 14 . 12 1 . 29 1 .41 4 .51 1 81 6 67915 57 08 15 .07 a .27 6 .09 5 .81 2. .02 4 67917 59 48 16 .09 7 80 4 .99 4 .95 2 40 3 6 7 9 1 9 61 52 15 . 33 6 .44 3 . 33 5 . 23 3 33 2 6792 1 68 09 17 .71 3 01 1 .30 2 . 7 1 1 . . 16 5 67923 6 1 35 16 .50 7 .04 3 .83 5 . 25 1 96 3 67925 6 1 65 15 .52 6 . 48 3 .20 5 27 3 08 2 67925 65 . 67 15 . 33 4 .94 2 .90 2 53 3 28 3 67927 66 27 17 . 24 6 94 1 .66 2 18 0 38 4 67929 65 78 16 . 37 3 . 58 1 .95 4 . 54 2 35 4 6793 1 67 . 19 17 .00 3 58 2 . 19 3 . 94 1 00 4 67933 69 34 16 94 3. .06 1 25 3 60 0 18 4 67935 57 65 14 91 9 43 2 . 39 9 .40 . 0 . 82 3 67937 58 72 15 88 10 .96 7 . 45 2 . 40 0 09 3 67939 58 1 1 16 26 10 . 17 6 76 4 16 0 56 2 6794 1 62 89 15 73 8 92 5 .05 1 .44 0 17 4 67943 70 .44 15 .54 3 .02 1 .46 0 36 1. 22 6 67945 68 01 15 .45 2 22 1 .49 2 7 1 2 45 6 67947 67 77 3 .46 6 .94 2 .22 0 .38 0 . 73 1 1 67949 75 17 18 66 3 30 0 .88 0 08 0 . 27 1 67951 60 38 17 31 12 37 3 89 0 52 1 . 48 3 67953 69 33 17 91 3 . 16 1 .23 0 . 14 1 62 6 67955 68 80 17 49 4 99 0 .89 0 . 14 2 27 4 67957 68 35 17 95 7 81 1 15 0 05 0 . 18 4 6 7 9 5 9 68 93 17 32 6 . 40 O .90 0 .07 O. 84 4 67961 71 14 16 .60 4 26 0 86 0 .07 0 . 94 4 67963 69 83 16 97 3 64 0 85 0 1 1 1. 93 5 6 7 9 6 5 69 53 15 .92 3 .45 1 .56 0 51 3 . 48 3 67967 69 48 16 .94 3 .65 1 25 0 28 3. 05 4 67969 66 47 16 .88 5 58 2 . 50 0 . 91 3. 10 3 67971 61 .48 16 .85 8 08 4 82 0 50 2 30 4 67973 65 . 25 16 .65 5 .24 3 . 15 2 1 1 2. 68 3 67975 58 19 20 .29 15 OO 1 . 27 0 . 34 1 . 47 4 NIMG 73 .62 13 .55 2 .08 0 10 0 84 2 . 79 4 37235 66 . 72 17 .06 3 98 1 . 24 3 64 2. 66 3 20 0 .53 0 27 37458 59 25 16 79 0 .35 0 . .74 37205 67 23 15 49 0 .54 0 . 19 39265 66 68 16 75 0 .74 0 . 24 37486 65 87 16 23 0 .51 0 18 39184 62 05 16 50 0 .58 0 . 19 37448 56 53 16 53 0 .49 0 14 37500 47 .08 15 71 0 .45 0 16 37412 67 93 14 09 0 .43 0 . 17 37482 51 . 10 16 80 0 .48 0 16 37325 66 .93 17 79 0 .56 0 . 16 37352 60 38 16 86 0 26 0 17 37374 56 .00 16 70 1 .20 0. 32 37399 65 . 14 15 48 0 63 0 .22 39240 66 19 15 85 0 .50 0 15 39137 61 25 16 60 0 .47 0 14 37399 67 47 14 85 0 .64 0 . 17 37297 67 20 17 27 0 .57 0 . 14 37308 67 33 14 70 0 .30 0 13 37318 67 16 17 61 1 .08 0 19 37226 67 48 15 68 1 . 19 0 . . 17 39132 60 70 16 27 0 97 0 15 39163 68 85 17 19 1 .23 0. . 17 39157 55 .93 14 24 0 .29 0 . 13 39157 55 81 13 93 0 . 30 0 . 12 67916 67 58 16 28 0 .32 0 . 15 39173 62 65 16 03 1 . 17 0 . 20 37419 68 98 13 13 1 .05 0 . 20 37233 66 48 15 59 1 .09 0 . 57 37431 6 9 . 11 16 64 0 .42 0 . 16 37276 70 88 12 12 0 90 0 . 22 37253 66 37 16 63 1 08 0 . 63 6 7 9 2 0 67 .53 16 59 0 . 76 0 . 09 67969 66 . 44 16 50 0 69 0 . 23 67933 69 .98 16 20 0 74 0 . 19 27 0 59 0 . 15 60 0 . 54 0 . 1 1 46 1 04 0 . 32 22 1 . 12 0 . 18 98 1 07 0 . 22 26 0. 91 0 . 22 r 15 0 . 41 0 . 17 02 0 42 0 . 17 37 1 33 0 . 18 18 0 . 34 0 06 16 1 . 26 0 . 17 08 0. 60 0 . 10 84 0 48 0 . 14 15 0 . 50 0 . 14 a s 0. 47 0 . 13 92 0 . 40 0 . 08 64 0 46 0 . 20 91 0 . 51 0 . 13 27 0 . 50 o . 18 47 0 . 76 0 . 2C 80 1 22 0 . 31 82 0 . 75 0 . 24 62 0 . 78 0 . 26 27 0 . 10 0 . 01 96 0 . 52 0 . 18 73 9 .03 5 .22 4 .41 1 .30 3 .34 1 . 03 0 . 1 51 3 82 2 .31 1 88 3 .75 3 .76 0 . 56 0 . 18 79 4 27 2 .08 3 . 19 2 19 3 .95 0 . 52 0 . 18 26 4 08 1 63 4 .58 2 54 3 .58 0 . 80 O. 29 70 8 21 4 .98 2 .22 0 91 3 .99 1. 02 O. 14 79 9 .78 5 OO 7 .77 1 13 2 .45 0 97 0 . 18 26 10 .89 12 .51 7 .65 0 .77 5 .29 o 99 0 21 31 1 .42 1 . 8 0 4 .25 1 60 6 54 0 35 0 . 15 57 8 64 9 . 14 7 .38 1 54 5 30 1. 05 O. 29 65 2 .21 1 .56 6 . 3 0 O 37 4 .61 o. 43 O. 18 14 8 .17 3 .86 6 06 1, 27 2 .95 0 . 96 0 . 22 55 9 .57 5 .39 6 88 2 .56 2 .27 1. 11 0 . 19 30 3 86 3 . 16 3 .33 1 .91 5 .68 0 . 62 O. 16 88 4 29 2 .53 3 .31 2 .94 3 .46 0 57 O. 19 33 9 39 5 86 2 .72 1 .21 2 .09 1 . 12 0 14 72 3 03 2 11 2 .81 2 08 5 .72 0 .55 0 . 15 53 4 46 1 .84 2 .21 0 66 5 .63 0 50 0 17 95 3 56 1 75 2 52 3 59 4 45 o 45 O. 10 48 2 98 2 41 5 02 0 . 12 4 39 0 . 41 O. 14 95 3 .46 2 46 1 .29 3 85 3 97 o. 56 O. 16 22 io .43 5 89 1 .74 0 . 07 3 48 1. 11 O. 35 04 6 19 1 82 0 . 89 0 . 31 3. 84 0 . 72 O. 0 9 OO 1 1 .62 10 .96 1 29 0 . 62 3 69 1. 12 O. 22 71 11 63 11 35 1 27 0 51 3 71 1. 12 0 . 23 71 3. 18 1 57 3. 31 3. ,79 2 .83 0 52 0 . 12 33 8 .71 4 88 2 77 0 87 2 .61 0 95 o 21 86 1 01 1 33 3 87 2 19 6 .29 0 32 o. 15 73 4 Ol 1 94 2. 71 4 27 3 . 16 o 63 o. 18 94 3 06 1 .29 1 93 1 40 5 .44 0 .38 o 14 6 / 2 . 15 1 75 2 82 2 52 3 .95 0 35 0 . 14 93 5. 13 1 88 3 52 0 . 96 4 46 0 55 0 . 15 49 3 35 1 .40 3 09 4 . 09 2 .82 0 52 o 15 88 5. 57 2 61 0 91 3 08 3 46 0 76 0 . 18 87 3 08 1 . 63 2 72 0 11 4 .47 0 54 o. 11 ss - 1 0152 19 520 590 1 18 3. 6 31 36 2 .3 320 910 ss - 2 0152 240 680 100 97 0. 9 21 17 1 .8 880 155 ss - 3 0152 240 680 105 102 0. 4 20 17 1 .8 700 148 ss - 4 0152 90 313 165 103 0. 5 12 12 1 .9 640 160 ss - 5 0152 98 335 178 117 0. 5 13 13 2 . 1 640 187 ss - 6 0152 123 374 91 128 0. 6 15 14 2 .3 580 196 ss - 7 0152 106 402 270 159 1 . 1 17 16 2 .3 440 257 ss - 8 0152 91 339 213 1.14 0. 6 15 13 2 .2 620 186 ss - 9 0152 71 344 166 105 0. 3 1 1 12 1 .8 760 137 ss - 10 0152 220 365 145 127 0. 6 17 15 2 .9 780 140 ss - 1 1 0152 100 315 315 185 0. 8 14 17 2 .4 960 174 5S- 12 0152 31 228 302 226 0. 8 12 15 2 .3 620 450 ss - 13 0152 26 237 250 208 0. 7 14 14 2 . 5 760 400 ss- 14 0152 129 720 120 134 0. 6 15 18 1 .8 840 260 ss- 15 0152 190 610 121 170 0. 5 15 19 3 .8 660 274 ss- 16 0152 230 550 124 227 0. 5 16 19 5 8 640 257 ss - 17 0152 290 540 131 289 0. 6 18 26 7 .0 520 380 ss- 18 0152 390 710 130 206 0. 5 16 22 4 .9 600 400 55- 19 0152 260 370 124 346 0. 6 14 20 6 .0 380 224 ss- 20 0152 280 750 125 243 0. 5 17 24 6 . 3 560 338 ss- 21 0152 170 530 113 193 0. 4 16 19 2 .9 360 218 ss - 22 0152 180 570 120 190 0. 5 15 19 3 .5 480 255 ss - 23 0152 160 500 113 184 0. 4 15 18 3 .5 500 238 10% HCL EXT. NH40X EXT ID.NO LOCATION CA CU FE MO ODH 0 7 8 37226 0 0 0 .375 912 .585* 0 .424 40 . 100 37227 0 0 0 . .234 595 164 0 . 297 0 .0 37228 0 0 0 .250 2777 .433* 0 . 318 0 .0 37229 0 0 0 .546 2817 . 1 12* 0 278 0 . 0 37230 0 0 0 .500 3273 .405* 0. 221 0 .0 37231 0 0 0 937 595 . 164 0 .242 0 .0 37232 0 0 1 .951 13 .887 0 259 0 . 0 37233 0 0 1 .561 1 1 .903 0 257 0 .0 37234 O 0 2 .279 15 .871 . 0 231 0 . 0 37235 0 0 2 .341 1 1 .903 0. .240 0 . 0 37236 0 0 2 . 154 21 .823 0 . .233 0 .0 37237 0 0 2 .498 39 .678 0 .265 0 . 0 37238 0 0 2 .279 1 1 .903 0 371 0 .0 37239 0 0 1 .717 1 1 .903 0 . .246 0 o 37240 0 0 1 .467 1 1 .903 0 .225 0 . 0 37241 0 0 2 .373 17 .855 0. .248 0 .0 37242 0 0 3 .434 67 .452 0. 382 0 .0 37243 0 0 2 .238 32 .890 0 313 0 .0 37244 0 0 1 . 190 40 .629 0 296 0 .0 37245 0 0 1 508 69 .649 0 222 0 .0 37246 0 0 1 .587 46 .433 0 . 186 0 .0 37247 0 0 3 .365 48 .368 0 .317 0 .0 37248 0 0 2 .349 50 .302 0 .482 0 .0 37249 0 0 2 . 777 42 .563 0 .573 0 .0 37250 0 0 2 .539 108 . 343 0 .406 0 .0 37201 0 0 1 .940 172 .973 0 .201 0 o 37 202 0 0 0 .782 12 1 .867 0 . 183 0 .0 37203 0 0 0 .861 68 . 796 0. 186 0 .0 37204 o 0 1 .111 78 .624 0 135 0 .0 37205 0 0 0 .626 39 312 0 . 186 0 .0 37206 0 0 1 221 9 828 0 . 142 0 0 37207 0 0 1 .721 39 .312 0 2 10 0 0 37208 0 0 1 . 768 27 518 0 . 175 0 .0 37209 0 0 1 252 35 381 0 . 37 1 0 0 37210 0 0 1 . 440 35 .381 0 . 223 0 0 3721 1 0 0 1 .377 29. 484 0 . 197 0 . 0 37212 0 0 1 .596 15. 725 0 . 240 0 0 37213 0 0 1 .017 23 587 o. 227 0 0 37214 0 0 4 068 1 1 794 0 . 917 0 0 37215 0 0 2 159 27 518 0 . 448 0 .0 37216 0 0 1 .596 31 450 0 . 245 0 0 37217 0 0 2 285 23 587 0 . 306 0 . 0 37218 0 0 1 643 35 381 0 . 186 0 . 0 37219 0 0 2 285 31 450 0 . 382 0 0 37220 0 0 2 175 23 587 0 . 188 0 . 0 37221 0 0 1 .502 35 381 0 . 170 0 . 0 37222 o 0 1 . 124 35 . 710 0 . 227 0 . .0 37223 0 0 1 . 093 25 . 790 0 . 174 0 . 0 37224 0 0 1 . 436 45 629 0 . 201 0 . 0 ID.NO LOCATION CA CU FE MO 37226 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 37227 O 0 36 446 104 . 712 0 . 134 0 0 37228 0 o 36 446 157 0 6 8 0 . 068 0 . .0 37229 0 0 0 . 0 171 728 0 038 0 . 0 3 7 2 3 0 0 0 18 223 167 . 539 0 . 038 0 . 0 37231 0 o o 0 1.15. 183 0 119 0 0 37232 0 o 0 O 4. 168 0 293 0 0 37233 0 0 o 0 4 . 188 0 . 457 0 . 0 37234 0 o 0. 0 4 . 188 0 276 0 0 37235 0 0 0 0 10 47 1 O. 174 0 0 37236 0 0 o 0 10 471 0 144 0 0 37237 0 0 0 0 16. 754 0 142 0 0 37238 0 o 0 0 8 . 377 O. 765 0 0 37239 0 o 0 0 O. 0 0 . 0 o 0 3 7 2 4 0 0 o o 0 12 565 0 . 038 0 0 37241 O 0 0 0 0 . O O. O o 0 37242 0 o o 0 25 . 131 0 OI3 0 0 37243 0 0 21 868 20 888 0 . 054 0 0 37244 0 0 2 1 868 16. 710 0 . 172 o 0 37245 O 0 21 868 22 977 0 . 0 5 6 0 0 37246 O 0 25 513 12 533 0 .064 0 .0 37247 0 0 2 1 . 868 10 444 0 043 0 0 37248 o o 18 223 41 775 0 032 o 0 37249 o 0 21 . 868 20 888 0 034 0 .0 37250 0 0 18 223 4 1 . 775 0 . 077 0 0 37201 o 0 28 603 84 974 0 0 6 9 0 . 0 37202 0 o 35 . 754 124 .352 0 .088 0 .0 37203 o 0 28 603 51 813 0 076 0 o 37204 0 o 25 028 45 596 0 .042 0 .0 37205 0 0 17 877 20 725 0 074 0 o 37206 o 0 0 . 0 0 .0 0 . 0 0 .0 37207 o o 25 .028 24 B70 0 076 0 o 37208 0 o 2 1 .453 10 363 0 069 0 .0 37209 0 0 28 603 10 363 0 164 o . 0 3 7 2 1 0 o o 28 603 8 . 2 9 0 0 078 0 . 0 3721 1 0 0 28 .603 16 . 5 8 0 0 067 0 . 0 37212 o 0 0 0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 37213 0 0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 37214 0 0 17 877 8 . 290 0 .526 o . 0 37215 o o 21 453 12 435 0 .072 o o 37216 0 0 32 . 179 10 .363 0 .069 0 . 0 37217 o 0 35 . 754 12 435 0 .048 0 . 0 37218 0 0 39 3 3 0 10 363 0 .021 0 .0 37219 o 0 42 .905 12 . 435 0 055 0 o 37220 0 0 57 207 a 290 0 . .02 1 0 . 0 37221 0 0 42 .905 16 5 8 0 0 084 0 .0 37222 0 0 18 223 12 . 565 0 . 068 0 0 37223 0 0 14 579 12 . 565 0 . 049 0 . 0 37224 0 0 0 0 16 . 754 0. 059 0 .0 KCL03 EXT. HN03.HCL04 EXT ID.NO LOCATION CA CU FE MO 37226 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 37227 0 0 22 . 884 5 6 9 . 839 1 . 121 86 . 300 37228 0 0 19. 070 9 2 5 . 988* 1 . 578 185. 545 37229 0 0 83 . 909 169 1 . 709* 1 . 91 1 336. 570 37230 0 0 9 9 . 166 747 . 913 1 . 205 47 . 465 37231 0 0 133. 492 1958. 82 1 • 1 . 454 107 . 875 37232 ' 0 0 4 0 0 . 477 142 . 460 1 . 931 0 . 0 37233 0 0 324 . 195 178 . 075 1 . 495 0 . 0 37234 O 0 457 . 688 240 . 401 1 . 205 0 . 0 37235 0 0 404 . 291 169 . 17 1 1 765 0 . 0 37236 O 0 3 5 0 . 894 281 . 358 1 . 703 0 . 0 37237 0 0 4 19 . 547 9 4 3 . 796* 1 . 391 0 . 0 37238 0 0 **•****#• 1 . 781 2 . 035 0 . 0 37239 0 0 O. 0 O 6 O. 0 0 . 0 37240 0 0 266 . 984 242 . 181 3 904 0 . 0 3724 1 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 37242 0 0 572 . 1 10 1246. 522* 2 492 0 . 0 37243 0 0 568 . 207 477 . 064 1 . 253 0 . 0 37244 0 0 195. 801 532 . 1 10 1 . 232 22 . 936 37245 0 0 291 . 78 1 1211. 009* 2 259 27 . 523 37246 0 0 276 . 425 623 . 853 1 478 82 . 569 37247 0 0 5 6 0 . 528 954 129< 2 177 91 . 743 37248 0 0 476 . 065 1064 220* 1 273 1 14 . 679 37249 0 0 633 474 743 . 1 19 0 .945 91 743 37250 0 0 69 1 . 062 1798 165* 1 745 137 615 37201 0 0 6 18 731 153 1 53 1 * 2 707 37 . 209 37202 0 0 510 453 144 1 440* 2 . 4 15 23 . 256 37203 0 0 464 048 1009 008* 2 311 23 256 37204 0 0 425 . 378 1603 .603* 2 . 186 60 . 465 37205 0 0 897 . 160 590 .991 2 . 207 0 .0 37 206 0 0 0 . 0 0 .0 1 . 791 0 .0 37207 0 0 8O0 . 483 560 . 360 1 . 895 23 .256 37208 0 0 587 795 699 .099 0 .999 0 .0 37209 0 0 1005 .438 403 .604 1 .707 0 .0 37210 0 0 440 .846 345 .946 1 .916 0 .0 372 1 1 0 0 599 . 396 338 739 2 .041 0 .0 37212 0 0 0 .0 O .0 O .0 0 .0 37213 0 0 0 .0 0 0 0 .0 0 .0 37214 0 0 3287 .008* 135 . 135 1 .624 0 . 0 37215 0 0 . 580 . 0 6 0 4 14 .4 14 1 . 832 0 .0 37216 0 0 394 .441 378 . 378 1 770 23 .256 37217 0 0 630 . 332 486 .486 1 .770 55 .814 37218 0 0 386 .707 724 . 324 3 123 32 .558 37219 0 0 785 .015 5O0 .901 1 .583 23 . 256 37220 0 0 96 .677 515 3 t 5 1 645 41 .860 37221 0 0 533 656 666 .667 1 .478 55 .814 37222 0 0 488 . 200 420 . 256 1 .661 0 .0 37223 0 0 675 .089 644 . 6 3 0 1 .412 21 . 575 37224 0 0 411 .919 673 . 122 1 . 495 496 .225 ID .NO LOCATION CA CU FE MO 37226 O 0 0 . 0 0 .0 0 . 0 0 . 0 _ _ 37227 0 0 14 .012 25 .056 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 37228 0 0 14 .012 29 . 5 3 0 0 . 0 7 7 1 3 . 8 7 3 37229 0 0 17 .515 62 . 6 4 0 0 . 130 2 3 . 1 2 1 3 7 2 3 0 O 0 22 . 7 7 0 25 .056 0 . 106 O O 37231 0 o 26 . 273 59 . 0 6 0 0 . 135 11 .561 37232 0 0 38 .533 4 . 474 , 0 . 101 0 0 37233 0 0 64 . 806 6 . 264 1 0 083 0 . 0 37234 0 0 50 . 794 8 .054 0 . 101 0 . 0 37235 0 0 26 . 273 6 . 264 0 . 0 9 7 0 . 0 37236 0 0 17 .515 7 . 159 0 . 102 0 . 0 37237 0 0 17 .515 26 .846 0 . 123 0 . 0 37238 0 0 7706 . 6 2 5 * 0 .895 0 . 2 2 6 0 0 37239 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 3 7 2 4 0 0 0 10 . 509 8 .054 0 . 122 O O 37241 0 0 O . 0 0 .0 0 . 0 0 . 0 37242 0 0 26 . 273 38 . 479 0 . 1 1 9 0 . 0 37243 0 0 35 . 996 16 .054 0 . 0 7 3 0 0 37244 0 0 28 . 796 15 . 162 0 . 0 7 4 O O 37245 0 0 23 . 397 32 .999 0 . 1 1 4 0 0 37246 0 0 25 . 197 19 .62 1 O. 109 0 . 0 37247 0 0 21 .597 29 .431 0 . 1 16 o o 37248 0 0 16 . 198 31 . 2 15 0 . 0 9 0 o o 37249 0 0 37 . 795 22 . 297 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 3 7 2 5 0 0 0 242 . 970 53 512 0 . 102 0 . 0 37201 O 0 55 . 046 34 703 0 179 o o 37202 0 0 504 . 587 4 0 . 183 0 169 o o 37203 0 0 275 229 27 397 0 . 137 o o 37204 0 0 36 697 4 9 . 315 0 . 132 o o 37205 0 0 6 0 9 . 174 15. 525 0 . 0 9 3 0 . 0 37206 0 0 0 . O 0 . 0 O O o o 37207 0 0 284 404 10. 046 0 . 0 7 4 o o 37208 0 0 233 027 14 . 612 0 . 1 1 6 0 . 0 37209 o 0 1467 . 890* 8 . 219 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 372 lO 0 0 2 4 9 . 541 8 . 219 0 . 0 8 1 o o 3721 1 0 o 201 . 835 8 . 219 0 . 0 9 8 o o 372 1Q o o 0 O 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 37213 0 0 0 . 0 O. 0 0 . 0 o o 37214 o o 6 7 8 . 899 2 . 740 0 . 1 10 0 . 0 37215 0 0 3 6 . 697 10. 046 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 37216 0 0 45 872 8 2 19 0 058 0 . 0 37217 0 0 27 . 523 10. 046 0 . 0 9 2 0 . 0 37218 0 0 23 . 853 21 . 005 0 0 9 3 0 . 0 37219 0 0 18 . 349 10. 959 0 . 0 6 7 0 . 0 37220 0 o 20. 183 io. 959 0 . 0 8 1 0 . 0 3722 1 0 0 1 13. 761 13 . 699 0 081 o o 37222 0 0 2 8 0 . 241 1 1 . 633 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 37223 0 0 4 7 6 . 410 15. 213 0 O 6 5 o.o 37224 0 0 154 . 133 2 1 . 477 0 . 0 6 6 1 1 .561 10% HCL EXT . ID .NO LOCAT ION CA CU FE MO ro I 3 7 2 5 1 0 0 1 . 127 174. . 123 0 . 152 0 . .0 3 7 2 5 2 0 0 2 .031 6 5 . 7 8 0 0 . 207 0 0 3 7 2 5 4 0 0 1 . 9 3 6 58 .041 0 . .203 0. 0 3 7 2 5 5 0 0 0 .968 73 . 5 1 9 0 . 194 0. .0 3 7 2 5 6 0 0 1 286 75 . 4 5 3 0 . 199 0 . <3 3 7 2 5 7 0 0 0 .968 54 . 172 0 . 207 0 .0 3 7 2 5 8 0 0 0 .984 54 . 172 0 . 158 0 .0 3 7 2 5 9 0 0 1 . 397 48 .368 0 . 175 0 .0 3 7 2 6 0 0 0 1 . 174 46 . 4 3 3 0 . 131 0 . .0 37261 0 0 1 . 778 27 . . 086 0 . 123 0 .0 3 7 2 6 2 0 0 1 . 476 52 . 2 3 7 0 . 158 0 .0 3 7 2 6 3 0 0 1 .984 34 .825 0 . 211 0 0 3 7 2 6 4 0 0 1 . 9 9 5 28 : 283 0 . 146 0 0 3 7 2 6 5 0 0 1 .788 24 . .242 0 . 167 0 .0 3 7 2 6 6 0 0 2 . 2 1 7 5 6 . 5 6 6 0 . 150 0 . 0 3 7 2 6 7 0 0 1 .862 16 162 O. 188 0 . 0 3 7 2 6 8 0 0 1 . 5 3 7 8 0 .808 0 . 271 0 0 3 7 2 6 9 0 0 1 . 389 109 .091 0 . 282 0 0 3 7 2 7 0 0 0 1 . 5 6 7 46 . 465 0 . 251 0 , 0 37271 0 0 1 .848 88 . 889 O. 192 0 . .0 3 7 2 7 2 0 0 1 . 182 64 .646 0 . 267 0. .0 3 7 2 7 3 0 0 1 . 774 6 0 . 606 0 . 2 4 0 0 .0 3 7 2 7 4 0 0 1 . 774 9 0 . 9 0 9 0 . 261 0 . .0 3 7 2 7 5 0 0 1 . 301 52 .525 0 . 324 0 0 3 7 2 7 6 0 0 1 . 478 76 .768 0 . 2 0 9 0 . .0 3 7 2 7 7 0 0 1 . 389 52 . 5 2 5 0 . 2 4 0 0 .0 3 7 2 7 8 0 0 1 . 5 0 8 5 0 . 505 0 . 292 0 . .0 3 7 2 7 9 0 0 1 .862 6 0 . 606 0 . 205 0 . 0 3 7 2 8 0 0 0 2 .542 96 . 9 7 0 0 . 3 3 0 0 0 3 7 2 8 1 0 0 1 .626 1 17 . 172 0 . . 299 0 0 3 7 2 8 2 0 0 1 . 9 9 5 5 0 . 5 0 5 0 . . 213 0 .0 NH40X EXT ID .NO L O C A T I O N CA CU FE MO 3 7 2 5 1 O o 18 . 2 2 3 87 . 729 O . 0 3 0 0 ro 3 7 2 5 2 O 0 0 . 0 25 . 0 6 5 0 .034 0 0 3 7 2 5 4 0 0 0 O 27 . 154 0 0 4 3 O .0 3 7 2 5 5 0 0 18 . 223 54 . 308 O . 0 3 6 O 0 3 7 2 5 6 O o 21 . 8 6 8 27 . 154 0 .036 0 .0 3 7 2 5 7 0 0 18 . 2 2 3 27 . 154 0 .041 0 0 3 7 2 5 8 O 0 2 5 . 5 1 3 2 9 . 2 4 3 0 0 2 8 0 .0 3 7 2 5 9 O 0 21 . 8 6 8 27 . 154 0 .034 O .0 3 7 2 6 0 0 0 2 9 . 157 31 . 332 0 . 0 1 3 O 0 3 7 2 6 1 O 0 2 1 . 8 6 8 16 . 7 10 O . 0 1 7 O .0 3 7 2 6 2 0 0 32 . 802 27 . 154 0 .021 O .0 3 7 2 6 3 0 0 2 9 157 22 . 9 7 7 O .058 0 .0 3 7 2 6 4 0 0 O . 0 16 . 5 1 6 0 . 037 0 .0 3 7 2 6 5 0 0 0 . 0 2 0 . 6 4 5 0 0 3 5 0 0 3 7 2 6 6 O 0 0 . 0 22 . 7 1 0 0 031 0 0 3 7 2 6 7 O 0 O O 12 . 387 0 0 5 0 0 0 3 7 2 6 8 0 0 0 . 0 33 . 0 3 2 O .091 O .0 3 7 2 6 9 0 0 0 . 0 22 . 7 1 0 0 . 0 7 0 O .0 3 7 2 7 0 0 o 0 .0 12 3 8 7 0 . 0 7 9 O 0 3 7 2 7 1 O o 23 2 5 9 28 9 0 3 O .037 0 0 3 7 2 7 2 O o 0 . 0 16 5 1 6 0 0 8 3 O 0 3 7 2 7 3 0 o 0 . 0 0 .0 0 0 0 0 3 7 2 7 4 0 0 0 0 24 . 774 0 .035 0 .0 3 7 2 7 5 O o 19 3 8 2 8 258 0 0 5 8 o 0 3 7 2 7 6 O o O O 2 0 6 4 5 0 0 5 8 0 0 3 7 2 7 7 0 0 0 0 12 3 8 7 0 0 9 7 o 0 3 7 2 7 8 0 0 23 2 5 9 8 258 0 .058 0 0 3 7 2 7 9 0 o 19 382 28 9 0 3 0 0 3 9 0 . 0 3 7 2 8 0 0 0 0 0 43 3 5 5 0 . 105 o 0 3 7 2 8 1 0 0 0 0 43 3 5 5 0 .058 0 . 0 3 7 2 8 2 o 0 O 0 22 . 7 1 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 K C L 0 3 EXT H N 0 3 : H C L 0 4 EXT I D . N O LOCATION CA CU FE MO 37251 0 0 191 .962 1009 . 174* 1 .766 137 6f5 37252 0 0 395 . 44 1 899 . 0 8 3 * 1 .581 151 . 376 37254 0 0 0 . 0 0 .0 0 . 0 0 . 0 37255 0 0 180 .444 899 . 0 8 3 * 1 .930 91 743 37256 0 0 383 .923 1229 . 357* 2 . 300 68 .807 37257 0 0 176 .605 588 .991 2 .608 82 .569 37258 0 0 191 .962 788 .991 2 . 7 10 45 .872 37259 0 0 0 .0 0 .0 0 . 0 0 0 37260 0 0 161 .248 614 .679 2 . 7 10 321 101 37261 0 0 245 .711 348 624 2 .669 77 . 982 37262 0 0 245 711 647 706 2 382 45 872 37263 0 0 326 . 335 4 6 0 . 550 3 .121 4 5 . 872 37264 0 0 365 . 824 54 1 401 2 320 28 . 88 1 37265 0 0 281 107 295 798 2 793 24 067 37266 0 0 408 . 183 950 140* 2 105 601 685 37267 0 0 489 . 049 340. 616 2 . 148 72 . 202 37268 0 0 569 . 916 914 . 286* 2 .578 57 . 762 37269 0 0 4 6 9 . 795 1039. 776* 2 320 1 10. 710 37270 0 0 558 . 364 394 . 398 3 0 5 0 312 . 876 37271 0 0 492 . 900 932 . 213* 2 105 72 . 202 37272 0 0 261 . 853 752 . 94 1 1 847 173. 285 37273 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 37274 0 0 238 . 749 6 9 9 . 160 1 504 288 . 809 37275 0 0 608 . 424 367 . 507 1 . 547 57 . 762 37276 0 0 446 . 691 68 1 . 232 1 . 1 17 770. 157 37277 0 0 3 6 5 . 824 591 . 597 1 . 976 86 . 643 37278 0 0 4 7 3 . 646 555 742 1 . 504 96 . 270 37279 0 0 496 . 751 5 5 9 . 328 2 . 062 144 . 404 3 7 2 8 0 0 0 577 . 617 7 8 5 . 210 1 . 762 33 . 694 37281 0 0 5 6 9 . 9 16 932 . 213* 1 . 955 134 . 777 37282 0 0 427 . 437 684 . 818 1 . 310 144 . 404 I D . N O L O C A T I O N CA CU FE MO 37251 0 0 3 5 . 996 3 0 . 323 0 121 0 . 0 37252 0 0 2 5 . 197 41 . 0 2 6 0 . 133 0 . 0 37254 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 37255 0 0 62 . 992 34 783 0 . 140 0 . 0 37256 0 0 2 19. 573 32 999 0 . 120 0 . 0 37257 0 0 5 0 . 394 19 62 1 0 120 0 . 0 37258 0 0 5 9 . 393 24 972 0 . 140 0 . 0 37259 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 3 7 2 6 0 0 0 26 997 19 62 1 0 140 28 070 3726 1 0 0 4 1 395 1 1 594 0 . 123 0 . 0 37262 0 0 21 . 597 21 405 0 134 0 0 37263 O 0 26 997 14 270 0 150 0 Q — 37264 0 0 20 489 14 . 270 0 148 0 0 37265 0 0 27 .939 8 .027 0 . 191 0 .0 37266 0 0 24 . 2 14 24 .080 0 132 20 050 37267 0 0 208 .615 26 . 756 0 125 0 .0 37268 0 0 540 . 163 23 . 188 0 167 0 .0 37269 0 0 447 .032 24 .972 0 . 155 0 .0 3 7 2 7 0 0 o 335 . 274 8 .027 0 . 143 15 .038 37271 0 0 245 . 868 24 .972 0 . 1 19 0 .0 37272 0 0 234 .692 29 .431 0 . 1 19 0 .0 37273 0 0 0 0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 37274 0 0 22 352 15 . 162 0 089 0 .0 37275 0 0 424 680 8 027 0 095 0 0 37276 0 0 260 . 768 1 6 054 0 062 4 5 1 1 3 37277 0 0 204 . 890 1 3 378 0 0 I 2 0 . 0 37278 0 0 288 . 708 1 1 . 594 0 . 078 0 0 37279 0 0 335 . 274 1 1 594 0 . 1 3 1 0 .0 3 7 2 8 0 0 0 299 .884 18 . 729 0 . 109 0 .0 3728 1 0 0 311 . 0 6 0 2 1 .405 0 .098 0 .0 37282 0 0 139 .697 15 . 162 0 .089 0 .0 1 0 % H C L E X T . I D . N O L O C A T I O N C A C U F E MO 3 7 2 8 3 0 0 0 8 2 8 5 0 . 5 0 5 0. 3 1 5 0 o 3 7 2 8 4 0 0 1. 2 7 6 2 4 . 3 3 5 0 . 2 4 2 0. 0 3 7 2 8 5 0 0 0 5 1 0 3 6 5 . 0 1 9 0. 7 5 2 2 5 . ,063 3 7 2 8 6 0 0 1 3 5 6 1 8 0 4 . 8 1 6 * 0. 6 1 0 0. 0 3 7 2 8 7 0 0 1 . 5 6 3 7 5 . 0 3 2 0. 6 5 4 0 o 3 7 2 8 8 0 0 1 . 4 6 7 6 0 . 8 3 7 0. 5 1 2 0 ,0 3 7 2 8 9 0 0 1 1 8 0 4 6 6 4 1 3 0. 6 1 0 0. ,0 3 7 2 9 0 0 0 0 . 8 7 7 1 7 2 3 7 0 0 4 4 0 0. 0 3 7 2 9 1 0 0 1 . 9 1 4 7 0 . 9 7 6 0. 4 6 8 0 0 3 7 2 9 2 0 0 1 7 8 6 5 6 . 7 8 1 0. 6 3 6 0 .0 3 7 2 9 3 0 0 1 . 9 1 4 6 8 . 9 4 8 0. 5 7 1 0 .0 3 7 2 9 4 0 0 1 . 0 8 5 6 4 . 8 9 2 0. 3 1 6 0 0 3 7 2 9 5 0 0 1 . 3 0 8 4 0 5 5 8 o. 4 0 3 0 .0 3 7 2 9 6 0 0 1 . 2 7 6 4 0 . 5 5 8 o. 2 9 0 0 0 3 7 2 9 7 0 0 1 . 3 5 6 7 0 . 9 7 6 0. 2 3 3 o 0 3 7 2 9 8 0 0 1 . 1 6 4 6 4 8 9 2 0. 5 0 5 0 0 3 7 2 9 9 0 0 1 0 3 7 8 9 2 2 7 0. 5 1 2 0 0 3 7 3 0 0 0 0 1. 5 6 3 5 2 . 7 2 5 0. 2 9 4 0 ,0 3 7 3 0 1 0 0 0 . 9 7 3 7 0 . 9 7 6 0. 2 6 6 0 0 3 7 3 0 2 0 0 1 . 3 4 0 7 S . 0 3 2 0. 2 6 1 0 0 3 7 3 0 3 0 0 1 . 2 2 8 8 7 1 9 9 0 4 0 5 0 .0 3 7 2 6 5 0 0 1 . 9 1 4 2 4 3 3 5 0. 2 0 0 0 0 3 7 3 0 4 0 0 1 . 4 0 1 1 0 5 3 1 2 0 2 6 8 o 0 3 7 3 0 5 0 0 2 . 0 2 4 4 2 . 4 9 4 0 4 3 1 0 .0 3 7 3 0 6 0 0 1 . 5 5 7 4 6 . 1 8 9 0 2 8 3 0 0 3 7 3 0 7 0 0 2 . 0 2 4 6 6 5 1 3 0. 3 1 6 0 ,0 3 7 3 0 8 0 0 1 . 7 1 3 6 2 . 8 1 8 0 4 0 3 0 .0 3 7 3 0 9 o 0 1 . 7 9 1 6 0 9 7 0 0. 3 5 3 0 0 3 7 3 1 0 0 0 1 . 6 3 5 8 8 6 8 4 o 4 0 3 0 0 3 7 3 1 1 0 0 2 . 2 5 8 6 4 . 6 6 5 0 3 5 3 0. .0 3 7 3 1 2 0 0 2 . 1 8 0 4 9 . 8 8 5 0. 3 0 9 0 .0 N H 4 0 X E X T I D . N O L O C A T I O N C A C U F E MO J J 2 8 4 0 0 0 .0 12 . 0 9 8 0 . 0 3 8 0 c 3 7 2 8 5 O 0 2 7 . 1 3 5 9 0 . 7 3 7 0 . 1 1 2 0 .0 3 7 2 8 6 0 0 6 .0 1 9 3 . 5 7 3 0 . 0 5 5 0 .0 3 7 2 8 7 0 o 1 9 . 3 8 2 2 6 . 2 1 3 0 187 0 .0 3 7 2 8 8 0 0 0 .0 8 . 0 6 6 0 0 8 0 0 .0 3 7 2 8 9 0 0 1 9 . 3 8 2 5 0 . 4 10 0 . 1 3 1 0 0 3 7 2 9 0 0 0 2 3 2 5 9 3 2 2 6 2 0 0 7 8 0 0 3 7 2 9 1 0 0 O 0 16 . 131 0 . 0 3 8 0 0 3 7 2 9 2 0 o 2 3 2 5 9 12 . 0 9 8 0 0 4 8 0 0 3 7 2 9 3 O 0 1 9 3 8 2 16 1 3 1 0 . 0 5 3 0 .0 3 7 2 9 4 O 0 1 9 . 3 9 2 8 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 6 3 0 0 3 7 2 9 5 0 0 2 3 2 5 9 2 0 . 164 0 0 5 7 0 .0 3 7 2 9 6 0 0 1 9 3 8 2 2 4 . 197 O . 0 5 9 0 .0 3 7 2 9 7 0 0 0 0 3 0 . 2 4 6 O 0 2 9 0 0 3 7 2 9 8 O 0 0 O 2 0 164 0 0 6 7 0 .0 3 7 2 9 9 0 0 1 9 3 8 2 2 6 2 1 3 ' 0 0 6 9 0 .0 3 7 3 0 O 0 0 0. 0 12 . 0 9 8 0 . 0 2 7 0 .0 3 7 3 0 1 ' O 0 O O 2 6 2 13 0 0 2 7 0 o 3 7 3 0 2 0 0 2 3 2 5 9 2 6 2 13 0 . 0 2 5 0 .0 . 3 7 3 0 3 O 0 2 3 2 5 9 32\ . 2 6 2 0 0 5 9 0 .0 3 7 3 0 4 0 0 17 . 5 6 3 4 6 4 5 8 0. 0 5 5 0 ,0 3 7 3 0 5 0 0 2 8 . 1 0 1 4 4 . 5 9 9 0. 1 15 0. 0 3 7 3 0 6 0 0 2 8 . 1 0 1 9. 2 9 2 0. 0 6 6 0. 0 3 7 3 0 7 o 0 2 8 . 101 2 7 . 8 7 5 0. 0 3 8 0. 0 3 7 3 0 8 0 0 3 5 . 1 2 6 14. 8 6 6 0 . 3 6 3 0 . 0 3 7 3 0 9 o 0 3 5 . 1 2 6 2 2 . 3 0 0 0. 122 0. 0 3 7 3 1 0 0 0 3 5 . 1 2 6 8 3 . 6 2 4 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 3 7 3 1 1 0 0 4 2 . 1 5 1 6 1 . 3 2 4 0 . 0 3 1 0. 0 3 7 3 1 2 0 0 5 2 . 6 8 9 5 9 . 4 6 6 0 . 0 4 7 0 . 0_ KCL03 EXT. ID.NO LOCATION CA CU FE MO 37284 0 0 194 .647 371 .041 1 .406 68 874 37285 0 0 109 .002 725 792 2 .088 0 0 37286 0 0 202 .433 1628 .958* 3 . 121 4? . 384 37287 0 0 291 .971 479 638 1 695 0 0 37288 0 0 2 14 . 1 12 510 407 1 .509 0 0 37289 0 0 155 7 18 633 .484 1 .302 79 470 37290 0 0 128 467 691 403 1 054 63 . 576 37291 O 0 272 .506 742 .082 1 . 488 42 .384 37292 0 0 303 .650 629 864 1 . 364 105 .960 37293 0 0 256 934 904 978* 1 240 84 768 37294 0 0 15 t 825 94 1 . 177* 0 992 169 536 37295 0 0 2 14 .112 642 534 1 633 211. 92 1 37296 0 0 327 .007 1 176 471* 1 57 1 1 16 556 37297 0 0 179 .075 923 .077* 0 992 52 980 37298 0 0 155 .718 707 692 1 364 68 874 37299 0 0 163 .504 792 760 1 282 26. 490 37300 0 0 186 .861 597 285 1 034 0 . 0 37301 O o 1 16 .788 1303 167* 0 992 26 490 37302 0 0 155 718 1447 . 964* 1 447 6 3 . 576 37303 0 0 155. 718 94 1 . 177* 1. 530 6 3 . 576 37304 0 0 236 724 1288. 837 0 . 900* 372 . 828 37305 0 0 464 .993 745 685* 1. 514 75 . 829 37306 0 0 287 450 579. 977* 0 . 922* 6 3 . 191 37307 0 0 380. 449 1288 837 0 . 592* 157 . 978 37308 0 0 380 . 449 6720. 367 0 .867* 88 . 468 37309 0 0 321 268 957 422 0 933* 101 . 106 373.10 0 0 338 177 1509 .781 1. 558 290. 679 37311 0 o 549 .538 2209 .435 1 360 202 . 212 37312 0 0 845 .443 1583 429 1 .360 75. 829 HN03:HCL04 EXT. ID.NO LOCATION CA CU FE MO 37284 0 0 48 . 749 15 . 376 0 178 0 0 37285 0 0 2'2 633 25 . 325 0 195 0 .0 37286 0 o 20. 892 49 . 746 0 '214 0 .0 37287 0 0 20 892 17 . 185 0 131 0 0 37288 0 0 20 892 17 . 185 0 131 0 0 37289 0 0 34 8 2 0 27 . 134. 0 . 195 0 0 3 7 2 9 0 0 0 22 633 ' 2 1 . 707 0 . 132 0 0 37291 0 0 22 633 22 .612 0 . 1 12 0 0 37292 0 o 22 . 633 18 .994 0 . 125 0 0 37293 0 0 24 . 374 33 465 0 . 172 0 0 37294 0 o 15. 669 27 . 134 0 162 0 0 37295 0 o 26 1 15 26 230 0 . 265 0 .0 37296 0 0 15 669 33 . 465 0 . 190 0 0 37297 0 0 22 633 26 230 0 . 160 0 0 37298 0 o 13. 928 19 . 898 . 0 . 202 0 0 37299 0 0 17 4 10 2 1 . 707 0 . 226 0 0 3 7 3 0 0 0 0 13 928 18 .089 0 . 1 19 0 0 37301 0 0 10 446 21 . 707 0 . 1 12 0. 0 37302 0 0 13 928 25 325 0 . 131 0 0 ^ 3 0 3 0 0 15. 669 25 . 325 o. 155 0 0 37304 0 o 9 . 101 30 . 839 0 . 098 1 130 37305 0 0 9 . 101 10 .884 0 . 153 0 .0 37306 0 o 10. 922 7 256 0 . 120 0 0 37307 0 0 10. 922 31 746 0 . 089 0 0 37308 0 0 18. 202 10 .884 0 . 074 0 . 0 37309 0 0 10. 922 16 327 0 . 077 0 . 0 3 7 3 1 0 0 0 9 . 101 28 . 1 18 0 . 072 0 . 0 37311 0 0 14. 562 4 2 . 6 3 0 0 . 088 1. 507 37312 0 0 18. 202 2 3 . 583 0 . 061 0 . 0 105. HCL EXT. ID.NO LOCATION CA CU 'FE MO 37313 0 0 2 .959 110 .855 0 .401 0 . 0 37314 0 0 7 . 0 0 7 * 109 0 0 7 0 .566 0 . 0 37315 0 0 7 .786* 64 .665 1 .874* 0 . 0 37316 0 0 3 .036 86 .836 0 .316 0 . 0 37317 0 0 1 .012 84 .988 0 . 174 0 . 0 37318 0 0 3 .426 90 .531 0 .288 0 . 0 37319 0 0 1 .090 184 .758 0 . 174 0 . 0 37320 0 0 3 .504 97 .921 0 .305 0 . 0 37321 0 0 1 .869 96 .074 0 .261 0 . 0 37322 0 0 1 .588 59 . 122 0 .218 0 . 0 37323 0 0 2 .211 64 .665 0 .475 0 . 0 37324 0 0 2 .354 25 . 335 0 .313 0 . 0 37325 0 0 3 .948 31 . 181 0 .280 0 . 0 37326 0 0 4 . 100 58 .465 0 . 157 o.o 37327 0 0 2 .809 70 . 158 0 . 179 0 . 0 37328 0 0 3 .492 42 .875 0 .291 0 . 0 37329 0 0 9 . 1 10* 52 .619 0 .302 0 . 0 3 7 3 3 0 0 0 3 . 7 2 0 1 169 . 306* 0 .461 0 . 0 37331 0 0 2 .885 56 .516 0 . 134 0 . 0 37332 0 0 O .683 52 .619 0 . 168 O Q NH40X EXT ID . NO LOCATION CA CU FE MO 37313 0 0 45 . 664 • 2 9 . 733 0 . 093 0 . 0 37314 0 0 17 . 563 5 5 . 749 0 . 049 0 0 37315 0 0 17 . 563 3 . 717 0 . 272 0 . 0 37316 0 0 17 . 563 96 . 632 0 . 443 0 . 0 37317 0 0 17 . 563 6 5 . 041 0 . 033 0 . 0 37318 0 0 17 . 563 52 . 033 0 . 044 0 . 0 37319 0 0 24 . 588 6 5 . 041 0 . 027 0 . 0 3 7 3 2 0 0 0 21 . 076 42 . 74 1 0 . 033 0 . 0 37321 0 0 21 . 076 48 . 316 0 . 013 0 . 0 37322 0 0 24 . 588 2 9 . 733 0 . 009 0 . 0 37323 0 0 2 8 . . 101 20 . 441 0 . 031 0 . 0 37324 0 0 25 .000 2 0 . 633 0 . 034 0 . 0 37325 0 0 35 .714 15. 006 0 . 022 o.o 37326 0 0 35 .714 33 . 763 0 . 018 0 . 0 37327 0 0 32 143 4 5 . 018 0 . 022 0 . 0 37328 0 0 2 8 . 571 18. 757 0 . 034 0 . 0 37329 0 0 3 5 . 714 2 2 . 509 0 . 027 0 . 0 37330 0 0 21 . 429 131 . 301 0 . 074 0 . 0 37331 0 0 7 143 3 5 . 639 0 . 025 o.o 37332 0 0 17 . 857 3 0 . 012 0 . 0 6 0 o.o KCL03 EXT . ID.NO LOCATION CA CU FE MO O 0 727 .081 2062 139 2 .084 63 191 37314 0 0 1986 . 790 1583 .429 1 448 31 596 37315 0 0 5918 .098* 828 539 0 .922 56 872 3 7 3 ) 6 O 0 1733 . 157 1 196 . 777 O 98 7 183 254 37317 0 0 405 813 883 774 0 . 592* 75 829 37318 0 0 1310. 436 846 .950 1 . 382 101 106 373 19 0 0 253 633 1491 368 1 . 009 240 . 127 37320 0 0 760 . 898 828 539 0 . 987 164 . 297 37321 0 0 608 719 1067 894 0 . 69 1 * 189 . 574 37322 . 0 0 346 . 631 423 . 475* 0 . 42 1 * 82 . 149 37323 0 0 355 . 086 846 . 950 0 . 549* 101 . 106 37324 0 0 567 .488 558 290* 0 478* 324 006 37325 0 0 591 . 133 406 701* 0 . 698* 188 . 513 37326 0 0 709 .359 647 0 2 5 * 0 . 889* 117. 820 37327 0 0 409 .852 1 146 158 1 . 338 206 . 186 37328 0 0 6 3 0 .542 924 322 1 . 314 153 166 37329 0 0 1694 580 6 8 0 . 301* 0 746* 117 820 37330 0 0 591 . 133 2 1 2 5 . 939 1 . 362 223 . 859 37331 0 0 433 . 498 1386 482 0 . 800* 265 096 37332 0 0 157 . 635 1 146 158 0 . 848* 206 186 HNO 3 :HCL04 EXT . ID. NO LOCATION CA CU FE MO 37313 O 0 18 .202 32 .653 0 .074 0 .0 37314 0 0 131 .058 44 .444 0 . 101 0 . 0 37315 0 0 136 .519 27 .211 0 . 127 0 .0 373 16 O 0 72 . 8 1 0 45 .351 0 .057 0 .0 37317 0 0 23 .663 31 . 746 0 .098 0 .0 37318 0 0 21 .843 36 .281 0 .077 0 .0 37319 0 0 10 .922 45 .351 0 .057 0 .6 37320 0 0 12 .742 25 .397 0 . 0 6 0 O .0 37321 0 0 18 .202 30 .839 0 . 104 0 .0 37322 0 0 9 . 101 9 . 0 7 0 0 .077 0 .0 37323 0 o 9 . 101 21 .769 o .083 0 .0 37324 0 0 138 .728 53 .622 0 .251 27 .435 37325 0 0 64 . 7 4 0 77 .838 0 . 205 32 .922 37326 O 0 162 .775 44 .973 0 . 160 4 1 . 152 37327 O 0 162 .775 32 .865 0 . 165 0 .0 37328 0 0 277 .457 44 .973 0 .223 0 .0 37329 0 o 231' .214 44 .973 0 148 0 .0 37330 0 0 577 . 1 10 30 . 2 7 0 0 . 194 O .0 37331 0 0 532 .717 67 .459 0 .340 134 .431 37332 0 0 455 .029 25 . 946 0 . 285 21 .948 10% HCL EXT. NH40X. EXT 10.NO LOCATION CA CU FE MO 37333 0 0 0 . 342* 196. 833 0 . 398 0 .0 37334 0 0 0 . 258* 146. 163 0 . 224 0 0 37335 0 0 1. 063 142. 266 0 . 492 0 .0 37336 0 0 1 093 136 .419 0 . 380 0 .0 37337 0 0 0 . 987 54 . 568 0 . 407 0 ,0 37338 0 0 1. 442 74 . 056 0 . 260 0 ,0 37339 0 0 0 . 941 247 .503 0 . 380 0 0 37340 0 0 4 . 403 95 493 0 . 425 0 0 37341 0 0 6 377 64 312 0 . 215 0 .0 37342 0 0 2 .505 165 652 0 . 470 0 .0 37343 0 0 1 291 93 .544 0 . 374 0 .0 37344 0 0 1 .630 119 .231 0 342 0 ,o 37345 0 0 2 .963 76 .923 0 502 0 .0 37346 0 0 0 .963 69 .231 0 338 0 .0 37347 0 0 0 830 63 .462 0 301 0 .0 37348 0 0 0 919 150 .000 0 . 484 0 .0 37349 O 0 o .741 117 .308 0 . 484 O .0 3 7 3 5 0 0 0 1 481 50 OOO 0 342 0 .0 37351 0 0 2 .444 126 .923 0 425 0 .0 37352 0 0 2 .963 46 . 154 0 . ,301 0 .0 37353 0 0 3 259 61 .538 0 406 0 .0 37354 0 0 3 .481 67 .308 0 . 388 0 .0 37355 0 0 2 .074 61 .538 0 445 0 .0 37356 0 0 1 778 92 308 0 553 0 .0 37357 0 0 2 667 119 .231 0 . 411 0 .0 37358 O 0 2 889 161 538 0 285 0 .0 37359 o 0 1 852 65 .385 0 . 516 0 .0 37360 0 0 2 .370 80 .769 0 548 0 .0 37361 o 0 1 .852 176 .923 0 . 457 0 .0 37362 0 0 2 .400 34 .615 0 .447 0 .0 37363 0 0 2 .074 82 .692 0 .511 0 .0 37364 0 0 2 .252 32 . 420 0 421 0 .0 37365 0 0 3 . 185 110 .608 0 374 0 .0 37366 0 0 3 .037 28 .605 0 . 333 0, ,0 37367 0 0 2 .326 28 .605 o. 351 0 0 37368 0 0 2 .400 76 .281 0 .437 0 .0 37370 0 0 2 .370 43 .862 0 225 0 .0 37371 0 0 2 874 83 .909 0 495 0 .0 37372 o 0 2 .874 143 .027 0 ,423 0 .0 37373 o 0 2 .400 64 .839 0 401 0 .0 37374 o 0 2 .074 78 188 0 . 464 0 0 37375 0 0 1 956 61 025 0 . 428 0 0 37376 0 0 2 741 57 .211 o. 282 0 0 37377 0 0 2 667 70 .560 o. 315 0 0 37378 0 0 4 .889 80 .095 0 439 0 0 37379 0 0 3 .630 97 .259 0 374 0 0 37380 0 0 3 .437 78 . 188 0 . 523 0 <2. ID.NO LOCATION CA CU FE MO 37333 0 0 14 . 286 58 148 0 . 492 0 . 0 37334 0 0 10. 714 9 3 . 787 0 . 101 0 . ,0 37335 O 0 14 . 286 3 9 . 390 0 . 398 0 . 0 37336 0 0 17 . 857 3 3 . 763 0 . 197 0 . 0 37337 0 0 17 . 857 7 . 503 0 . 492 0 . 0 37338 0 0 21 . 429 24 . 385 0 . 156 0 . 0 37339 0 0 2 5 . OOO 48 . 769 0 . 291 0 . 0 3 7 3 4 0 0 0 2 5 . OOO 16 . 882 0 . 324 0 . 0 3734 1 0 0 21 . 429 2 0 . 633 0 . 056 0 . 0 37342 O 0 3 5 . 714 3 0 . 012 0 . 402 0 . 0 37343 0 0 3 5 . 714 18 . 757 0 . 436 0 . 0 37344 0 0 7 .236 79 . 6 3 0 0 . 160 0 . 0 37345 0 0 io .854 20 . 370 0 . 129 0 .0 37346 0 0 18 089 68 .519 0 389 0 . 0 37347 O 0 18 .089 27 .778 0 347 0 .0 37348 0 0 21 .707 44 .444 0 . 445 0 0 37349 0 0 21 .707 40 .741 0 549 0 o 3 7 3 5 0 0 0 21 .707 22 . 222 0 . 340 0 .0 37351 0 0 28 .943 55 . 556 O .412 0 .0 37352 O 0 10 .854 50 . 0 0 0 0 . 249 O . 0 37353 0 0 18 .089 61 .111 0 .214 0 . 0 37354 0 0 14 .471 53 .704 O . 329 0 . 0 37355 0 0 43 .414 22 . 222 0 .434 0 . 0 37356 O 0 28 .943 59 . 259 O . 523 0 . 0 37357 0 0 21 .707 40 .741 0 . 222 0 . 0 37358 0 0 21 .707 96 . 296 0 .093 0 .0 37359 0 0 32 .561 48 . 148 0 . 289 0 .0 37360 0 0 32 . 561 77 . 778 0 267 0 .0 37361 o 0 28 .943 107 .407 0 . 345 0 .o 37362 o 0 28 .943 37 .037 0 423 0 . 0 37363 0 0 28 .943 40 .741 0 . 467 0 . 0 37364 o 0 21 525 36 .281 1 . 170* 0 .0 37365 0 0 17 .937 217 .687 0 .675 0 .0 37366 0 0 21 .525 18 .141 0 . 169 o . 0 37367 o 0 25 . 112 29 .025 0 .463 o . 0 37368 0 0 21 .525 90 .703 o .832 0 .0 3 7 3 7 0 0 0 17 .937 32 .653 0 .202 0 . 0 37371 0 0 7 . 175 68 .934 0 .558 0 . 0 37372 0 0 14 . 3 5 0 90 . 703 0 .457 0 . 0 3 7 3 7 3 o 0 17 .937 36 . 281 0 .855 0 . 0 37374 0 0 17 .937 47 . 166 1 .417* 0 .0 37375 0 0 10 .762 50 .794 1 . 125* 0 .0 37376 0 0 7 . 175 88 .889 o .547 0 0 37377 0 0 10 .762 43 .537 0 . 553 0 r\ • vy 37378 0 0 14 . 3 5 0 52 .608 0 .697 0 o 37379 o 0 7 . 175 154 . 195 0 .346 0 . 0 3 7 3 8 0 0 0 14 . 350 29 .025 o .877 o . 0 KCL03 EXT. HN03:HCL04 EXT . ID.NO LOCATION CA CU FE MO 37333 0 0 882 . 759 1 109. 185 3 632 70 . 692 37334 0 0 78 818 1756. 211 1 . 553 164. 948 37335 0 0 488 . 670 1700. 751 4 . 1 10 176. 730 37336 0 0 3 1 5 . 271 2403 236 • 4 . 182 141 384 37337 0 0 866 . 995 961 . 294 2 987 235. 64 1 37338 0 0 181 . 281 1441 . 94 1 2 509 88 . 365 37339 0 0 1576. 355 2625 073 4 062 164 948 37340 0 0 1300. 493 2070 480 4 .922 777 .614 3734 1 0 0 9 8 5 . 222 1996 534 2 939 235 .641 37342 0 0 1497 537 3623 341 5 . 137 106 .038 37343 0 0 827 586 1220 . 104 2 581 29 .455 37344 0 0 734 366 1892 857 5 .043 371 .613 37345 0 0 624 .211 2321 .429 3 .305 320 .000 37346 0 0 881 239 1517 .856 3 .798 598 .709 37347 0 0 587 493 1 107 . 142 2 .897 144 .516 37348 0 0 1468 732 1517 .856 6 . 223 77 .419 37349 0 0 1211 .704 2410 .714 5 .536 77 . 4 19 37350 0 0 2349 971 982 . 143 3 .433 25 .806 37351 0 0 624 .211 2607 . 143 5 258 216 .77,4 37352 0 0 1028 113 12 14 . 286 4 .506 41 . 290 37353 0 0 1468 732 1750 .000 4 . 185 185 .806 37354 0 0 2496 .844 2053 572 4 .571 578 .064 37355 0 0 6021 801* 1392 857 4 .077 25 .806 37356 0 0 2937 463 232 1 .429 6 .223 129 .032 37357 0 0 1072 175 2946 .429 4 .292 51 .613 37358 0 0 1432 014 4285 715 4 .828 1 13 .548 37359 0 0 2423 407 15 17 .856 3 .326 92 .903 37360 0 0 2717 154 2000 .000 3 433 25 .806 3736 1 0 0 2276 535 4732 .14 1 5 .365 103 .226 37362 0 0 2643 718 982 . 143 2 . 747 387 .097 37363 0 0 1395 296 2053 . 572 4 .936 36 . 129 37364 0 0 1 312 1 166 .850 3 .322 142 .675 37365 0 0 0 .445 3093 .923 4 .053 713 .376 37366 0 0 0 .474 1096 . 132 3 367 193 .631 37367 0 0 1 166 1 166 .850 3 .012 214. .013 37368 0 0 0 .423 2033 . 150 2 .879 407 .643 37370 0 0 0 .394 1591 . 160 2 .702 1 12 . 102 37371 0 0 0 133* 1803 .315 3 .544 10 . 191 37372 0 0 0 .547 2828 . 729 3 .322 50 .955 37373 0 0 0 .219* 1 149 . 171 2 .658 896 .815 37374 0 0 0 452 1679 .559 3 .212 71 . 338 37375 0 0 0 .437 1166 .850 2 .769 433 . 121 37376 0 0 0 . 197*1626 .519 2 .990 2038 .217 37377 0 0 0 . 164* '1025 . 4 14 2 .481 188 .535 37378 0 o 0 .270*1520 .442 3 . 101 591 .083 37379 0 0 0 .062* 3889 .503 4 .828 315 .924 3 7 3 8 0 0 0 0 . 186* 1591 . 160 2 .348 107 .006 I D . N O LOCATION CA CU FE MO 37333 0 0 8 1 3 . 872 39 .784 0 . 283 9 8 . 765 37334 0 0 3421 966* 41 514 0 . 399 373 . 114 37335 0 0 2 9 9 6 . 532* 38 054 0 . 371 0 . 0 37336 0 0 2 5 8 9 . 596* 4 5 . 838 0 . 319 2 7 . 435 37337 0 0 1072. 833* 6 9 . 189 0 . 274 2 7 . 435 37338 0 0 1442. 775* 82 . 162 0 . 319 41 . 1S2 37339 0 0 1979. 191* 39 . 784 0 . 274 21 . 948 3 7 3 4 0 0 0 2 7 0 0 . 579* 6 0 . 541 o. 376 21 . 948 37341 O 0 3052 . 024* 131 . 459 1. 140* 3 0 . 178 37342 0 0 1572 . 254* 25 . 081 0 . 257 9 6 . 022 37343 0 0 2034 . 683* 47 . 568 0 . 388 0 . 0 3/344 0 0 33 .962 19 .626 0 .062 O . 0 37345 0 0 41 .509 13 .084 0 . 102 0 . 0 37346 0 0 39 .623 15 .888 0 .077 0 . 0 37347 0 0 28 . 302 29 .907 0 .095 18 .617 37348 0 0 30 . 189 19 .626 0 086 0 .0 37349 0 0 56 .604 16 .822 0 .071 O .0 3 7 3 5 0 O 0 33 .962 56 .075 0 079 29 .255 37351 O 0 28 .302 32 . 7 1 0 0 . 101 0 .0 37352 0 0 22 .642 26 . 168 0 . 125 0 .0 37353 0 0 254 .717 20 .561 0 .208 0 . 0 37354 0 0 18 .868 38 .318 0 . 130 0 . 0 37355 0 0 56 .604 37 .383 0 .249 0 . 0 37356 0 0 77 . 358 54 .206 0 .349 0 . 0 37357 0 0 192 .453 23 .364 o .282 0 .0 37358 0 0 22 .642 42 .056 0 246 0 .0 37359 o 0 211 .321 67 . 290 0 296 0 .0 3 7 3 6 0 o 0 160 377 46 ,729 0 183 31 915 37361 o 0 28 302 48 598 0 239 0 0 37362 0 0 233 .962 61 , 682 0 . 234 0 . 0 37363 o 0 128 .302 32 .710 0 189 0 . 0 37364 o 0 5416 . 5 7 0 30 .022 0 .260 0 . 0 37365 0 0 ' 1536 .615 79 .470 0 .351 65 .327 37366 0 0 1421 .369 30 .905 0 .294 90 .452 37367 0 0 2919 . 5 7 0 24 .724 0 .204 0 . 0 37368 o 0 1382 .955 54 .746 0 . 195 27 .638 3 7 3 7 0 0 o 998 . 8 0 0 39 .735 0 . 306 0 .0 37371 0 0 1114 .046 37 .086 0 . 283 0 . 0 37372 0 0 1690 . 277 70 . 6 4 0 0 .238 0 .0 37373 o o 1440 577 30 022 0 .204 27 638 37374 0 0 4533 016 39 735 0 272 0 0 37375 o 0 3 2 2 6 . 893 28 256 0 249 30 . 151 37376 0 0 1094 838 30 905 0 . 215 125. 628 37377 o 0 1382. 955 33 .554 0 . 249 15. 075 37378 o 0 1344 . 539 42 384 0 . 257 2 5 . 126 37379 0 0 188. 235* 88 300 0 . 176 0 . 0 3 7 3 8 0 0 0 1575. 032 35 . 320 0 . 195 0 . 0 10% HCL EXT NH40X EXT I D . N O LOCATION CA CU FE MO 3 7 3 8 1 0 0 0 . 3 6 3 * 2 2 1 2 . 1 5 7 * 0 5 3 2 6 4 1 . 2 2 3 7 3 8 2 0 0 0 . 2 6 7 * 6 9 0 . 3 4 6 0 . 4 5 0 2 4 4 . 2 7 3 7 3 8 3 0 0 0 . 2 9 9 * 5 3 3 . 9 6 9 0 5 4 1 2 1 9 . . 8 4 3 7 3 8 4 0 0 0 . 2 4 4 * 5 2 4 . 4 3 4 0 . . 4 5 9 0 . 0 3 7 3 8 5 0 0 0 . 2 9 6 * 7 2 2 . 9 4 9 0 . 4 3 6 0 . 0 3 7 3 8 6 0 0 3 . 5 3 6 136 . 9 8 0 0 . 5 0 4 0 . 0 3 7 3 8 7 0 0 1 . 3 2 8 7 9 . 9 0 5 0 . 4 1 1 0 . 0 3 7 3 8 8 0 0 0 . 9 5 2 2 0 9 . 2 7 5 0 . 4 3 8 0 . 0 3 7 3 8 9 0 0 0 . 6 4 9 125 . 5 6 5 0 4 1 1 0 . 0 3 7 3 9 0 0 0 1 . 8 1 8 121 . 7 6 0 0 2 2 2 0 . 0 3 7 3 9 1 0 0 1 . 8 7 6 163 . 6 1 5 0 3 8 9 0 . 0 3 7 3 9 2 0 0 4 . 2 5 7 7 6 . 100 0 . . 3 0 7 0 . 0 3 7 3 9 3 0 0 5 . 0 5 1 5 5 . 172 0 3 1 1 0 . 0 3 7 3 9 4 0 0 1 . 0 3 9 123 . 6 6 2 0 . . 3 6 2 0 . 0 3 7 3 9 5 0 0 0 . 9 8 1 194 . 0 5 5 0 . . 4 4 0 0 . 0 3 7 3 9 6 0 0 0 . 5 3 4 * 144 . 5 9 0 0 4 5 8 0 . 0 3 7 3 9 7 0 0 2 . 8 1 4 106 . 5 4 0 0 . 2 8 9 0 . 0 3 7 3 9 8 0 0 1 . 7 6 1 9 3 . 2 2 2 0 3 1 1 0 . 0 3 7 3 9 9 0 0 1 . 9 0 5 161 . 7 1 2 0 167 0 . 0 3 7 4 0 0 0 0 1 . 5 8 7 6 0 . 8 8 0 0 . 1 4 0 0 . 0 3 7 4 0 1 0 0 2 193 19 . 0 2 5 0 . 1 6 0 0 . 0 3 7 4 0 2 0 0 2 . 3 0 9 2 8 . 5 3 7 0 . 151 0 . 0 3 7 4 0 3 0 0 1 . 6 6 0 3 6 . 147 0 . 138 0 . 0 3 7 4 0 4 0 0 2 . 4 2 4 57 . 0 7 5 0 . 173 0 . 0 3 7 4 0 5 0 0 1 . 9 9 1 5 8 . 0 2 2 0 . 1 8 0 0 . 0 3 7 4 0 6 0 0 2 2 7 6 3 8 . 6 8 1 0 . 138 0 . 0 3 7 4 0 7 0 0 1 4 5 1 2 6 . 3 7 4 0 . 123 0 . 0 3 7 4 0 8 0 0 1 7 9 2 4 0 . 4 4 0 0 . 153 0 . 0 3 7 4 0 9 0 0 2 2 1 9 28 . 132 0 . 148 0 . 0 3 7 4 10 0 0 1 7 6 4 52 . 7 4 7 0 . 155 0 . 0 3 7 4 1 1 0 0 2 . . 2 7 6 4 3 . 9 5 6 0 . 144 0 . 0 3 7 4 12 0 0 2 133 3 6 . . 9 2 3 0 . 138 0 . 0 3 7 4 13 0 0 2 9 0 1 24 . 6 1 5 0 . 182 0 . 0 3 7 4 14 0 0 3 . . 2 0 0 3 8 6 8 1 0 . 155 0 . . 0 3 7 4 15 0 0 2 . . 7 3 1 4 2 . 198 0 . 1 10 0 . 0 3 7 4 16 0 0 2 8 7 3 5 6 . 2 6 4 0 . 138 0 . 0 3 7 4 17 0 0 2 . 0 7 6 2 9 . 8 9 0 0 . 131 0 . 0 3 7 4 18 0 0 2 . 4 8 9 38 . . 6 8 1 0 . 1 7 0 0 . 0 3 7 4 1 9 0 0 2 , 176 3 6 . 9 2 3 0 . 127 0 . 0 3 7 4 2 0 0 0 2 . 2 0 4 3 5 . 165 0 . 144 0 . 0 3 7 4 2 1 o 0 2 . 133 4 2 . 198 0 . 148 0 . 0 3 7 4 2 2 0 0 2 . 2 1 9 3 5 . 165 0 . 153 0 . 0 3 7 4 2 3 0 0 2 . 4 18 3 5 . 165 0 . 159 0 . 0 3 7 4 2 4 0 0 2 . 7 0 2 3 1 . 6 4 8 0 . 1 8 0 0 . 0 3 7 4 2 5 0 G 2 , 7 0 2 2 8 . 132 0 . 182 0 . 0 I D . N O L O C A T I O N CA CU FE MO 3 7 3 8 1 0 o 1 7 . 9 3 7 2 1 7 . 6 8 7 0 . 2 9 5 6 7 6 . 0 5 3 7 3 8 2 0 0 1 7 . 9 3 7 1 1 6 . 1 0 0 0 . 4 3 9 2 2 5 . 3E 3 7 3 8 3 0 o 2 1 . 5 2 5 9 4 . 3 3 1 0 . 7 4 7 1 0 1 . 4 0 3 7 3 8 4 O o 17 . 9 3 7 1 3 0 . 6 1 2 0 . 7 6 5 0 . 0 3 7 3 8 5 0 0 2 2 . 9 1 2 114 . 6 7 6 0 . 5 1 5 O . 0 3 7 3 8 6 0 0 2 2 . 9 1 2 5 8 . 2 4 8 0 . 3 5 2 0 . 0 3 7 3 8 7 0 o 2 2 . 9 1 2 3 2 . 7 6 5 0 . 6 3 1 0 . 0 3 7 3 8 8 O 0 2 2 9 1 2 101 . 9 3 4 0 . 6 1 7 0 . 0 3 7 3 8 9 0 o 19 0 9 3 5 0 . 9 6 7 0 . 7 4 9 0 . 0 3 7 3 9 0 O o 1 5 . 2 7 4 5 8 . 2 4 8 0 . 104 O. 0 3 7 3 9 1 0 0 7 . 6 3 7 7 2 . 8 1 0 0 . 4 8 4 0 . 0 3 7 3 9 2 0 0 3 . 8 1 9 4 7 . 3 2 7 0 . 5 8 1 0 . 0 3 7 3 9 3 0 0 7 . 6 3 7 4 0 . 0 4 6 0 . 4 9 9 0 . 0 3 7 3 9 4 0 0 1 5 . 2 7 4 5 8 . 2 4 8 0 . 9 0 8 0 . 0 3 7 3 9 5 0 o 1 9 . 0 9 3 6 9 1 7 0 1 . 9 7 5 * 0 . 0 3 7 3 9 6 0 o 1 9 . 0 9 3 8 0 . . 0 9 1 1 . 3 1 7 * 0 . 0 3 7 3 9 7 O 0 2 6 . . 7 3 0 9 1 . . 0 1 3 0 . 3 1 8 0 . 0 3 7 3 9 8 0 0 1 1 . . 4 5 6 6 5 . 5 2 9 0 . 3 7 0 0 . . 0 3 7 3 9 9 O 0 7 6 3 7 182 0 2 5 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 3 7 4 0 0 0 0 15 2 7 4 6 9 . . 1 7 0 0 0 2 3 0 . . 0 3 7 4 0 1 0 0 1 1 . 4 5 6 4 7 3 2 7 0 . 0 2 7 0 0 3 7 4 0 2 0 0 19 0 9 3 3 6 . 4 0 5 0 . 0 2 3 0 . 0 3 7 4 0 3 o 0 2 2 . 9 1 2 5 4 . 6 0 8 0 0 1 8 0 . 0 3 7 4 0 4 0 0 7 . 6 3 7 4 5 . . 5 0 6 0 0 2 3 0 . 0 3 7 4 0 5 0 0 2 7 . 9 6 5 . 2 7 . 149 0 . 0 2 7 0 . 0 3 7 4 0 6 0 0 19 . 9 7 5 2 1 . 7 1 9 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 3 7 4 0 7 0 0 19 . 9 7 5 16 . 2 9 0 0 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 3 7 4 0 8 0 0 19 . 9 7 5 19 . 9 1 0 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 7 4 0 9 0 0 19 . 9 7 5 12 . 6 7 0 0 . 0 3 2 0 . 0 3 7 4 1 0 0 0 2 3 . 9 7 0 2 1 . 7 1 9 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 7 4 1 1 0 0 19 . 9 7 5 2 1 . 7 1 9 0 . 0 2 9 0 . 0 3 7 4 12 0 0 19 . 9 7 5 2 8 . 9 5 9 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 7 4 1 3 0 0 0 . 0 2 5 . 3 3 9 0 . 0 4 5 0 . 0 3 7 4 1 4 0 0 2 3 . 9 7 0 2 7 . 1 4 9 0 . 0 2 7 0 . 0 3 7 4 1 5 0 0 0 . 0 16 . 2 9 0 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 7 4 16 0 0 2 7 . 9 6 5 3 6 . 1 9 9 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 7 4 17 o 0 19 . 9 7 5 18 . 1 0 0 0 . 0 2 3 0 . 0 3 7 4 18 0 0 2 3 . 9 7 0 18 . ioo 0 . 0 2 5 0 . 0 3 7 4 1 9 o 0 19 . 9 7 5 16 . 2 9 0 0 . 0 1 1 0 . 0 3 7 4 2 0 0 o 19 . 9 7 5 19 . 9 1 0 0 . 0 1 8 0 . 0 3 7 4 2 1 o o 0 . 0 16 . 2 9 0 0 . 0 2 3 0 . 0 3 7 4 2 2 o 0 19 . 9 7 5 10 . 8 6 0 0 . 0 2 7 0 . 0 3 7 4 2 3 o o 19 . 9 7 5 9 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 2 7 0 . 0 3 7 4 2 4 0 0 2 3 . 9 7 0 2 1 . 7 1 9 0 . 0 2 5 0 . 0 3 7 4 2 5 0 0 0 . 0 9 . 0 5 0 0 . 0 2 7 0 . 0 KCL03 3 A ID.NO LOCATION CA CU FE MO 37381 0 0 0 . 007* 654 . 144* 0 . 576* 585 987 37382 0 0 o. 020* 1131. 491 1 . 395 509. 554 37383 0 0 0 . 016* 1555. 801 1 . 440 509. 554 37384 0 0 0 . 0 2 6 * 2 8 6 4 . 089 2 . 348 743. 949 37385 0 0 0 027 2536 . 807 1 . 830 880 73~4 37386 0 0 0 . 055 . 3986 . 411 2 . 973 576. 671 37387 0 0 0 . 0S2 1721 . 405 2 . 173 1048. 492 37388 0 0 0 . 049 7066. 816 3. 545 576. .671 37389 0 0 0 028 2627 . 407 2 . 630 199 214 37390 0 0 0 023 3442 . 809 1 . 372 1001 311 3739 1 0 0 0 . 031 3442 . 809 2 . 973 608 . 126 37392 0 0 0 098 1956 964 3 . 156 524 . 247 37393 0 0 0 129 1630 804 3. 431 1022 281 37394 0 0 0 1 13 2862 967 2 . 058 262 123 37395 0 0 0 176 1812 005 2 . 058 524 247 37396 0 0 0 .070 1594 564 2 . 401 503 . 277 37397 0 0 0 094 2500 566 3. 339 812 .582 37398 0 0 0 .078 1902 605 2 . 607 597 .641 37399 0 0 0 .039 3624 .010 1 . 372 943 .644 37400 0 0 0 .022 996 603 0 . 309* 1205 .767 37401 0 0 0 076 684 .938* 0 . 407* 812 .582 37402 0 0 0 .055 474 745* 0 . 160* 692 .006 37403 0 0 0 . 102 761 .042* 0 . 229* 1 153 . 342 37404 0 0 0 .041 1268 . 403 0 . 274* 576 .671 37-105 0 0 458 . 728 0 .0 0 . 277 871 .716" 37406 0 0 924 .855 0 .0 0 .285 958 . 269 37407 0 0 554 .913 767 . 123* 0 .302 1 1 12 .829 37408 0 0 369 .942 730 .594* 0 .373 2349 .306 37409 6 0 554 .913 557 .078* 0 . 204 1854 . 7 15 374 10 0 0 451 .329 675 799* 0 294 1483 .772 374 1 1 0 0 636 . 301 0 . 0 0 .277 927 .357 374 12 0 0 754 .682 0 .0 0 .288 1360 . 125 374 13 0 0 1420 .578 0 .0 0 . 309 587 .327 37414 0 0 1390 .983 0 .0 0 .260 741 .886 37415 0 0 873 .063 0 .0 0 .202 531 .685 37416 0 0 1080 . 231 0 . 0 . 0 .285 445 . 132 374 17 0 0 628 .901 347 .032* 0 .075 247 .295 37418 0 0 924 .855 694 .064* 0 .234 309 . 1 19 374 19 0 0 813 .873 776 .256* 0 .239 494 .591 37420 0 0 924 .855 0 .0 0 . 192 1051 .005 3742 1 0 0 665 .896 0 .0 0 .245 587 .327 37422 0 0 754 .682 584 .475* 0 .266 908 .811 37423 0 0 7 10 .289 611 .872* 0 .260 989 . 181 37424 0 0 2278 .844 712 .329* 0 . 196 1051 .005 37425 0 0 902 .659 739 . 726* 0 388 247 .295 HN03:HCL04 EXT . ID .NO LOCATION CA CU FE MO 37381 0 0 9 . 6 0 4 * 31 .788 0 .066 25 . 126 37382 0 0 195 . 9 1 9 * 36 .203 0 .088 15 .075 37383 0 0 1 19 . 0 8 8 * 35 . 320 0 091 0 .0 37384 0 o 201 . 6 8 1 * 64 .459 0 179 22 .613 37385 0 0 171 .603 56 .671 0 . 117 35 .971 37386 0 o 39 OOI 89 .728 0 . 149 0 .0 37387 0 0 204 .753 51 .003 0 . 161 23 .981 37388 0 0 224 .254 138 .843 0 149 0 .0 37389 0 0 187 .203 51 .948 0 155 0 .0 3 7 3 9 0 0 0 19 . 500 58 . 5 6 0 0 .083 19 . 185 37391 0 0 33 . 151 96 . 3 4 0 0 199 0 .0 37392 0 0 198 .903 61 .393 0 219 38 .369 37393 0 0 585 .009 42 .503 0 201 14 .388 37394 0 0 2262 . 0 3 5 * 75 .561 0 . 183 0 .0 37395 0 0 2223 035* 54 782 0 . 149 0 .0 37396 0 0 347 . 105 73 672 0 . 177 0 .0 37397 0 0 146 .252 56 671 0 . 155 23 981 37398 0 0 54 .601 39 .669 0 138 0 .0 37399 0 0 27 . 300 81 .228 0 . 108 45 .564 3 7 4 0 0 0 0 9 . 7 5 0 35 .891 0 .061 35 .971 37401 0 0 23 . 4 0 0 18 . 8 9 0 0 0 5 0 28 .777 37402 0 0 21 . 4 5 0 1 1 .334 o 029 23 .981 37403 0 o 31 2 0 0 17 .001 0 . 035 52 .758 37404 0 o 37 051 24 .557 0 . 039 23 .981 37405 0 0 28 . 402 32 .845 0 091 260 .062 37406 0 0 30 .296 24 399 0 . 123 148 .607 37407 0 0 22 722 22 .522 0 . 163 191 .950 37408 0 0 11 .361 19 .707 0 . 141 315 .789 37409 0 0 28 402 14 .076 0 . 129 250 .774 3 7 4 1 0 0 0 20 828 18 .768 0 . 144 210 .526 3741 1 0 0 22 722 33 783 0 . 137 145 .511 37412 0 0 32 189 46 921 o. 152 278 .638 37413 o 0 41 657 28 . 152 0 . 118 95 .975 37414 0 0 47 .337 24 .399 0 102 92 .879 37415 0 0 26 .509 30 .968 0 129 99 .071 37416 o 0 32 . 189 38 .475 0 . 107 92 .879 37417 0 0 18 935 13 . 138 0 . 043 46 .440 37418 0 0 28 .402 29 .091 0 . 093 49 .536 37419 0 0 43 . 5 5 0 28 . 152 0 . 096 86 .687 3 7 4 2 0 0 0 68 . 166 28 . 152 o. 086 154 .799 37421 0 0 53 018 29 091 0 . 121 123. 839 37422 0 • 0 6 0 . 592 2 2 . 522 0 . 103 9 2 . 879 37423 0 0 2 8 . 402 23 .460 0 . 095 266. 254 37424 0 0 54 911 23 460 o. 101 222 .910 37425 0 0 22 722 24 399 0 . 151 24 768 EXTRACTION-10%HCL ID.NO LOCATION CA CU FE MC 37426 0 0 2 .642 46 . .532 0 . 165 0 .0 37427 0 0 0 .833 53. 691 0. 317 0 .0 37428 0 0 0 .801 71 .588 0 . 475 0 0 37429 0 0 1 . 121 102. .013 0 . 697 0, .0 37430 0 0 1 .569 75 . 168 0 . 349 0, .0 37431 0 0 1 . 153 76 .958 0, 296 0 0 37432 0 0 1 .249 60 .850 0 . 232 0 .0 37433 0 0 1 .025 143 . 177 0 . 321 0 0 37434 0 0 1 249 62 640 0, .220 0 0 37435 0 0 1 44 1 35 . .794 0 . 220 0 0 37436 0 0 1. 201 44 . 743 0 . 211 0 0 37437 0 0 1 249 8 5 . 906 0 . 260 0 0 37438 0 0 0 833 9 3 . 065 0 . 203 0, 0 37439 0 0 1. 057 100. 224 0 . 296 0 0 3 7 4 4 0 0 0 1. .921 112. 752 0 . 423 0, 0 37441 0 0 1 .057 53 691 0 . 232 0, .0 37442 0 0 1. .665 193. 289 0 . 423 0 . 0 37443 0 0 1. 681 1 16. 331 0 . 613 0 . 0 37444 0 0 2 . 161 164. 653 0 . 338 0 0 37445 0 0 1. .761 128. ,859 0 . 401 0 . 0 37446 0 0 2 . 763 248 848 0 . 577 0 .6 37447 0 0 2 .633 140 .092 0 432 0, .0 37448 0 0 3 .576 162 .212 0 . 491 0 .0 37449 0 0 3 .283 129 032 0 . 577 0, .0 37450 0 0 3 .088 193 .548 0 . .502 0 .0 37451 0 0 3 . 348 175. 115 0 . 504 0 0 37452 0 0 3 .088 1 10. 599 0 . 438 0 . 0 37453 0 0 2 .796 149, 309 0 470 0, 0 37454 0 0 2 .568 132 719 0 . 417 0 . 0 37455 0 0 3 .446 165 .899 0 . 423 0 . 0 37456 0 0 2. . 763 160, .369 0 . 618 0 .0 37457 0 0 3 .446 141 936 0 . 598 0 . .0 37458 0 0 2 .796 1 19, .816 0 . 374 0 .0 37459 0 0 2 .958 193 548 0 . 395 0 . .0 3 7 4 6 0 0 0 2 .633 1 19 816 0 . 310 0 0 37461 0 0 2 .211 165 .899 0 . 306 0 . 0 37462 0 0 2 .064 160 369 o. 331 0, 0 37463 0 0 2 .536 152 .995 o. 363 0 .0 37464 0 0 2 .519 248 .848 0 . 353 0, .0 37465 0 0 2 .048 377 .880 0 . 395 0 . 0 ID.NO LOCATION CA CU FE MO 37466 0 o 2. 358 157. 463 0 . 387 0 . 0 37467 0 o 2 4 4 0 80 . 481 0 . 345 0 . o 37468 0 o 2 521 73, 483 0 . 206 0 . 0 37469 0 0 2 440 75. 232 0 . 248 0. 0 3 7 4 7 0 O 0 1 8 7 0 101 .476 0 . 248 0. 0 37471 0 o 1 .952 87 .480 0 . 184 0 0 37472 0 0 1 269 157 463 0 . 201 O. 0 37473 O 0 1 529 94 .478 0 . 166 0 . 0 37474 0 0 2 . 375 87 . 4 8 0 0 . 190 0 . 0 37475 0 0 1 757 108 475 0 . 199 O. 0 37476 0 o 2 684 209. 951 0 310 0 . 0 37477 0 0 1 139 87 .480 0 150 0 0 37478 0 0 2 0 3 3 197 704 0 .254 0 0 37479 0 0 2 . 4 4 0 194. ,205 0 265 0 0 3 7 4 8 0 0 0 2 765 118 .972 0 .299 0 .0 37481 O o 2 .732 1 18 .972 0 .442 0 .0 37482 0 0 2 . 9 6 0 78 .732 O 365 0 0 37483 0 o 1 .822 115 .473 0 .305 0 .0 37484 0 0 2 . 732 206 .452 0 .343 0 .0 37485 0 0 2 .472 136 .468 0 .217 0 . 0 37486 0 0 1 .666 126 .872 ' 1 .346 0 . 0 37487 0 0 2 . 8 1 0 186 .784 2 .485 0 . 0 37488 0 0 2 . 304 183 . 2 6 0 2 406 0 . 0 37489 O 0 1 797 197 .357 2 . 105 0 . 0 3 7 4 9 0 0 0 1 666 81 .057 2 . 169 0 . 0 37494 0 0 2 . ,549 96 .916 3. 245 0 ,0 37495 o 0 2 . 304 114 537 2 20O 0 .0 37496 0 0 1 . 748 112 775 1 . 456 0 .0 37497 0 0 2 .222 1 19 824 0 . 887 0 .0 37498 0 0 2 .614 74. 009 1. 203 0, 0 37499 0 0 2 .418 74 009 1 741 0 0 37500 0 0 2 94 1 149 .780 2. 754 0 0 39101 0 0 2 . 745 91 6 3 0 1 931 0 0 39102 0 0 3 30O 98 678 2 .090 0 0 39103 0 0 2 . 3 2 0 91 . 6 3 0 1 377 0 .0 39104 0 0 2 .647 89 .868 1 409 0 .0 39105 o 0 2 .402 84 582 1, 409 0 .0 39106 0 0 1 .797 79 .295 1. 235 0 0 39107 0 0 2 . 124 52 863 0 . 887 0 0 EXTRACT 1 0 N - N H 4 0 X I D . N O LOCATION CA CU FE MO 3 7 4 2 7 0 0 2 2 . 7 7 6 3 5 . 3 5 9 0 . 0 2 6 0 . 0 3 7 4 2 8 0 0 2 6 . 5 7 2 5 1 . 2 7 1 0 . 0 4 4 0 . 0 3 7 4 2 9 0 0 2 6 . 5 7 2 5 6 . 5 7 5 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 3 7 4 3 0 0 0 18 . 9 8 0 4 4 . 199 0 . 0 4 4 0 . 0 3 7 4 3 1 0 0 3 0 . 3 6 8 3 5 . 3 5 9 0 . 0 2 6 0 . 0 3 7 4 3 2 0 0 1 8 . 9 8 0 2 6 . 5 1 9 0 . 0 2 2 0 . 0 3 7 4 3 3 0 0 2 2 . 7 7 6 9 1 . 9 3 4 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 3 7 4 3 4 0 0 3 0 . 3 6 8 3 5 . 3 5 9 0 . 0 3 1 0 . 0 3 7 4 3 5 0 0 2 6 . 5 7 2 3 5 . 3 5 9 0 . 0 3 5 0 . 0 3 7 4 3 6 0 0 22 . 7 7 6 24 . 7 5 1 0 . 0 2 8 0 . 0 3 7 4 3 7 0 0 34 . 164 6 5 . 4 1 4 0 . 0 2 6 0 . 0 3 7 4 3 8 0 0 2 6 . 5 7 2 5 4 . 8 0 7 0 . 0 1 1 0 . 0 3 7 4 3 9 O 0 2 2 . 7 7 6 72 . 4 8 6 0 . 0 1 8 0 . 0 3 7 4 4 0 0 0 22 . 7 7 6 7 9 . 5 5 8 0 . 144 0 . 0 3 7 4 4 1 0 0 3 0 . 3 6 8 2 8 . 2 8 7 0 . 0 2 2 0 . 0 3 7 4 4 2 0 0 3 0 . 3 6 8 144 . 9 7 2 0 . 144 0 . 0 3 7 4 4 3 0 0 2 6 . 5 7 2 2 8 . 2 8 7 0 . 5 1 5 0 . 0 3 7 4 4 4 0 0 2 2 . 7 7 6 2 0 5 . 0 8 3 0 . 131 0 . 0 3 7 4 4 5 0 0 2 2 . 7 7 6 1 2 0 . 2 2 1 0 . 158 0 . o 3 7 4 4 6 0 0 4 5 . 5 2 5 9 5 . 9 6 5 0 . 8 6 7 0 . o 3 7 4 4 7 0 0 37 . 9 3 7 1 3 0 . 8 6 1 0 . 199 0 . 0 3 7 4 4 8 0 0 3 4 . 143 9 0 . 7 3 1 0 . 4 8 1 0 . 0 3 7 4 4 9 0 0 6 4 4 9 3 6 2 . 8 1 4 0 . 3 3 0 0 0 3 7 4 5 0 0 0 5 6 . 9 0 6 164 0 1 3 0 , 1 5 0 0 0 3 7 4 5 1 0 0 37 9 3 7 139 , 5 8 6 0 . 117 0 . 0 3 7 4 5 2 0 0 4 5 . 5 2 5 7 5 . 0 2 7 0 . 2 2 6 0 . 0 3 7 4 5 3 0 0 18 . 9 6 9 106 . 4 3 4 0 . 3 0 3 0 . 0 3 7 4 5 4 0 0 18 . 9 6 9 8 3 . 7 5 1 0 . 3 5 9 0 . 0 3 7 4 5 5 0 0 2 2 . 7 6 2 7 3 . 2 8 2 0 . 167 0 . 0 3 7 4 5 6 0 0 3 0 . 3 5 0 5 9 . 3 2 4 0 . 6 6 5 0 . 0 3 7 4 5 7 0 0 2 6 . 5 5 6 5 9 . 3 2 4 0 . 4 9 3 0 . 0 3 7 4 5 8 0 0 2 6 . 5 5 6 6 1 . 0 6 9 0 . 2 5 5 0 . 0 3 7 4 5 9 0 0 2 2 . 7 6 2 139 . 5 8 6 0 . 171 0 . 0 3 7 4 6 0 0 0 2 6 . 5 5 6 183 . 2 0 6 0 . 0 6 3 0 . 0 3 7 4 6 1 0 0 22 . 7 6 2 157 . 0 3 4 0 . 2 4 0 0 . 0 3 7 4 6 2 0 0 3 0 . 3 5 0 1 3 9 . 5 8 6 0 . 199 0 . 0 3 7 4 6 3 0 0 3 0 . 3 5 0 122 . 137 0 . 2 3 8 0 . 0 3 7 4 6 4 0 0 2 2 . 7 6 2 2 3 5 . 5 5 1 0 . 142 0 . 0 3 7 4 6 5 0 0 2 6 . 5 5 6 5 8 4 . 5 1 5 0 . 188 0 . 0 I D . N O L O C A T I O N CA CU FE MO 3 7 4 6 6 0 0 3 8 . 3 4 6 1 1 3 . 4 1 3 0 . 2 3 1 0 . 0 3 7 4 6 7 0 0 3 4 . 5 1 2 6 6 . 3 0 3 0 . 2 8 2 0 . 0 3 7 4 6 8 0 0 3 0 . 6 7 7 5 5 . 8 3 4 0 . 0 6 4 0 . 0 3 7 4 6 9 O 0 2 3 . 0 0 8 5 2 . 3 4 5 0 . 0 4 3 0 . 0 3 7 4 7 0 0 0 2 3 . 0 0 8 8 0 . 2 6 2 0 . 171 0 . 0 3 7 4 7 1 0 0 2 6 . 8 4 2 6 9 . 7 9 3 0 . 0 3 2 0 . 0 3 7 4 7 2 0 0 2 3 . 0 0 8 2 3 5 . 5 5 1 0 . 0 2 1 0 . 0 3 7 4 7 3 0 0 2 3 . 0 0 8 9 0 . 7 3 1 0 . 0 1 7 0 o 3 7 4 7 4 0 0 3 0 . 6 7 7 8 3 . 7 5 1 0 . 0 3 2 0 . 0 3 7 4 7 5 0 0 3 4 . 5 1 2 1 1 3 . 4 1 3 0 . 0 3 4 0 . 0 3 7 4 7 6 0 0 2 3 . 0 0 8 2 7 0 . 4 4 7 0 . 128 0 . 0 3 7 4 7 7 0 0 2 3 . 0 0 8 1 3 9 . 5 8 6 0 . 0 2 6 0 . 0 3 7 4 7 8 o 0 2 3 . 0 0 8 184 . 9 5 1 0 . 0 8 5 0 . 0 3 7 4 7 9 0 0 2 6 . 8 4 2 3 1 4 . 0 6 8 0 . 192 0 . 0 3 7 4 8 0 o 0 3 4 . 5 1 2 7 3 . 2 8 2 0 . 0 6 8 0 . 0 3 7 4 8 1 0 0 4 6 . 0 1 6 9 5 . 9 6 5 0 . 137 0 . 0 3 7 4 8 2 o 0 5 7 . 5 2 0 4 3 . 6 2 1 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 3 7 4 8 3 0 0 2 3 . 0 0 8 1 0 9 . 9 2 4 0 . 0 7 5 0 . 0 3 7 4 8 4 0 0 19 . 1 7 3 1 2 2 137 0 . 2 4 3 0 . 0 3 7 4 8 5 0 0 1 9 . 1 7 3 122 137 0 . 0 4 9 0 . 0 3 7 4 8 6 o 0 3 9 4 8 2 9 2 . , 6 5 0 0 . 0 3 9 0 . 0 3 7 4 8 7 o 0 1 9 . . 7 4 1 1 3 8 . 9 7 6 0 . 2 4 0 0 . 0 3 7 4 8 8 o 0 2 3 . 6 8 9 1 4 6 . 102 0 4 5 9 0 o 3 7 4 8 9 0 0 1 9 . 7 4 1 2 5 8 . 3 5 2 0 138 0 , . 0 3 7 4 9 0 0 0 2 3 . 6 8 9 6 4 . 143 0 . . 2 3 2 0 , 0 3 7 4 9 4 0 0 2 7 . 6 3 7 7 4 . 8 3 3 o. 7 6 5 . 0 . 0 3 7 4 9 5 0 0 1 9 . 7 4 1 1 1 5 . 8 1 3 0 . 162 0 . 0 3 7 4 9 6 0 0 1 9 . 7 4 1 7 1 . 2 6 9 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 3 7 4 9 7 o o O. O 8 0 . 178 0 . 0 1 3 0 . o 3 7 4 9 8 o 0 0 . 0 2 6 . 7 2 6 0 . 0 1 1 0 . 0 3 7 4 9 9 0 0 1 9 . 7 4 1 . 7 1 . 2 6 9 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 3 7 5 0 0 0 0 2 3 . 6 8 9 8 0 . 178 0 . 3 2 8 0 . 0 3 9 1 0 1 0 0 2 3 . 6 8 9 7 1 . 2 6 9 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 3 9 1 0 2 0 0 2 3 . 6 8 9 1 0 6 . 9 0 4 0 . 0 8 7 0 . 0 3 9 1 0 3 0 0 0 . 0 121 . 158 0 . 0 2 2 0 . 0 3 9 1 0 4 0 0 1 9 . 7 4 1 1 1 2 . 2 4 9 0 . 0 2 6 0 . 0 3 9 1 0 5 0 0 1 9 . 7 4 1 1 1 0 . 4 6 8 0 . 0 3 1 0 . 0 3 9 1 0 6 0 0 1 9 . 7 4 1 3 9 . 198 o. 0 1 7 0 . 0 3 9 1 0 7 o 0 1 9 . 7 4 1 6 2 . 3 6 1 0 . 0 1 1 0 . 0 EXTRACTI0N-KCL03 ID.NO LOCATION CA CU FE MO 37427 0 0 291 . 572 0 . 0 1 .612 331 .034 37428 0 0 298 861 0 . .0 2 .407 468. 965 37429 0 0 437 . 358 0 . .0 1 .397 882. 759 37430 0 0 379 .043 0 0 1 . 333 1655 172 37431 0 0 204 100 0 .0 1 .376 811 034 37432 0 0 218 679 0 . .0 0 .559* 336 552 37433 0 0 174 .943 0 .0 1 .397 1544 .827 37434 0 0 335 . 307 0 .0 0 .688* 744 .827 37435 0 0 328 .018 687 604* 4 .621 182 .069 37436 0 0 364 465 .0 .0 1 .397 562 . 759 37437 0 0 437 . 358 0 .0 1 .548 800 OOO 37438 0 0 145. . 786 652 .342* 1 .720 242 .759 37439 0 0 218 .679 0 .0 2 . 192 369 .655 37440 0 0 7289 297* 0 .0 4 .084 165 .517 3744 1 0 0 204 . 100 O 0 1 . 720 248 276 37442 0 0 5466 .969* 0 .0 4 . 191 110 .345 37443 0 0 1501 . 594 0 .0 3 .439 93 .793 37444 0 0 1625 .513 0 .0 4 .836 154 .483 37445 0 0 743 .508 0 .0 4 .084 160 OOO 37446 0 0 759 . . 193 O o 4 .565 210 526 37447 0 0 1366. . 548 0 . .0 3 .304 548 348 37448 0 0 1594 . . 306 0 0 3 .913 558 , 140 37449 0 0 3036 . 772 0 0 2 .500 151 .775 37450 0 0 7743. . 770* 0 0 4 . 130 425 949 37451 O 0 1518 . 386 0 0 2 . 565 1468 788 37452 0 0 2201 . 660 0 . 0 2 283 719. 706 37453 0 0 6 8 3 . . 274 0 0 3 696 205. 630 37454 0 0 759 . 193 0 0 3 .OOO 146. 879 37455 0 0 759 . 193 0 . .0 2 .065 181 . 151 37456 0 0 1328 588 0 0 3 . 152 73. 439 37457 0 0 1078. .055 0 0 2 935 78 335 37458 0 0 797 . 153 0 . 0 3 .913 122. 399 37459 0 0 683 . 274 0 . 0 2 .500 680 . 539 37460 0 0 873 .072 0 . 0 3 522 328 029 3746 1 0 0 4 9 3 . . 476 0 . .0 4 . 348 269. 278 37462 0 0 531 . 435 0 0 2 261 342 . 717 37463 0 0 7 8 9 . 561 0 0 3. 152 127. 295 37464 0 0 531 .435 0 0 3 522 181 . 151 37465 0 0 531 . .435 0 . 0 5. 652 156. 671 ID .NO LOCATION CA CU FE MO 37466 0 0 593 967 0 . 0 3. 016 3 6 0 . 947 37467 0 0 2635 .730 0 . 0 2. 404 5 3 2 . 544 37468 0 0 7 0 5 . .336 0 0 1. 530 153. 846 37469 0 0 816 705 0 0 1. 268 136. 095 3 7 4 7 0 0 0 787 .007 0 0 1. 639 8 5 7 . 989 37471 O 0 415 777 0 0 1. 377 5 0 2 . 959 37472 0 0 423 .202 0 0 4. 699 3 3 7 . 278 37473 O 0 482 598 0 o 0. 765* 532 544 37474 0 0 1789 326 0 0 1 093 183 432 37475 0 0 608 817 0 .0 2 404 284 024 37476 0 0 6 6 0 . 789 0 0 3 716 3 0 7 . 692 37477 O 0 653 . .364 0 . 0 5 .355 177 515 37478 O 0 4 3 0 . 626 0 0 3 .016 1301 .776 37479 0 0 890 . 951 0 0 6 . 120 355 .030 3 7 4 8 0 0 0 1113 689 0 0 3 . 0 6 0 414 .201 37481 0 0 8 9 0 9 . .512* 0 . 0 4 . 153 177 515 37482 0 0 2301 . 624 o 0 3. 169 414 . 201 37483 O 0 534 . .571 o 0 3 .322 183 .432 37484 O 0 4 4 5 . .475 0 0 2 .754 147 .929 37485 0 0 504 . 872 0 . 0 2 .295 473 .373 37486 0 o 999 .534 0 0 . 2 . 0 5 0 413 .625 37487 0 0 492 .308 o . 0 3 .344 107 .056 37488 0 0 775 .757 0 .0 2 . 8 0 5 48 .662 37489 0 0 313 287 0 .0 3 . 4 5 2 199 .513 3 7 4 9 0 0 o 432 .634 0 .0 2 . 2 6 5 180 .049 37494 0 0 1976 .689 0 0 2 . 9 7 7 399 .027 37495 0 0 760 .839 0 .0 1 . 8 3 4 194 .647 37496 o 0 522 . 144 0 .0 3 . 0 2 0 433 . 0 9 0 37497 0 0 447 .552 0 .0 2 . 5 0 3 389 .294 37498 0 0 462 .471 0 .0 1 .402 656 .934 37499 0 0 5967 . 363* o .0 3 .452 340 .632 3 7 5 0 0 0 0 6862 . 4 6 9 * 0 0 3 . 0 2 0 170 .316 39101 0 0 3058 .275 0 .0 3 . 0 2 0 457 .421 39102 0 0 1603 . 7 2 9 0 .0 3 . 3 6 6 394 . 160 39103 o 0 686 . 247 o . 0 3 . 5 6 0 150 .852 39104 0 0 1230 . 770 0 .0 2 .201 1002 .433 39105 o 0 2871 .794 0 .0 1 .942 1021 .897 39106 o 0 537 .063 0 .0 1 .942 175 . 182 39107 0 0 686 .247 0 .0 2 . 5 4 6 486 .618 E X T R A C T I O N - 1 0 W C L I D . N O LOCAT ION CA CU FE MO 3 9 1 0 9 0 0 2 .091 14 . 097 4 6 7 0 0 .0 391 10 0 0 2 .944 0 .0 0 . 9 7 5 * 0 :o 391 1 1 0 0 2 . 706 0 . 0 1 . 105* 0 . 0 391 12 0 0 2 .854 16 . 638 1 . 0 4 0 * 0 . 0 391 13 0 0 2 . 8 9 9 0 . 0 0 . 9 9 7 * 0 . 0 391 14 0 0 2 . 706 0 .0 0 . 9 9 7 * 0 . 0 391 15 0 0 0 0 0 .0 1 . 0 4 0 * 0 .0 391 1G 0 0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 0 .0 3 9 117 0 0 2 .602 0 .0 0 .758 0 .0 391 18 0 0 2 .453 0 .0 0 . 715 0 .0 391 19 0 0 2 .007 0 .0 0 6 0 7 0 .0 3 9 120 0 0 1 .962 0 .0 0 6 3 3 0 .0 3 9 12 1 0 0 2 . 2 6 0 0 .0 0 . 7 6 9 0 0 3 9 122 0 0 1 992 0 .0 0 726 0 .0 3 9 123 0 0 2 . 8 1 0 0 0 0 9 9 7 * 0 .0 3 9 124 0 0 2 . 304 0 .0 0 769 0 .0 3 9 1 2 5 0 0 0 966 0 .0 0 .271 0 .0 3 9 1 5 1 0 0 2 .044 0 .0 0 881 0 .0 39 152 0 0 2 347 0 .0 0. . 816 O .0 3 9 1 5 3 0 0 2 . 165 13 .212 0 .709 0 .0 39 154 0 0 2 .574 0 .0 0 806 0 ,0 3 9 1 5 5 0 0 2 .5 13 0 .0 0 . 7 9 9 0 .0 3 9 1 5 6 0 0 2 .301 0 .0 0 692 0 •Pi EX TRACT ION-NH40X ID . NO LOCAT ION CA CU FE MC 3 9 109 0 0 2 3 . 689 3 563 0 . 052 0 0 39 1 10 0 0 52 574 0 .0 0 0 2 5 0 0 3 9 1 1 1 0 0 35 .049 0 .0 0 . .038 0 .0 3 9 1 12 0 0 35 .049 0 .0 0 031 0 0 39 1 13 0 0 35 .049 0 .0 0 0 3 4 0 0 391 14 0 0 35 .049 0 .0 0 0 3 1 0 0 39 1 15 0 0 2 1 . 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 .0 391 16 0 0 0 .0 0 0 0 0 0 0 391 17 0 0 24 . 535 0 .0 0 .007 0 0 391 18 0 0 24 . 5 3 5 0 0 .0 0 0 9 0 0 3 9 1 19 0 0 21 . 0 3 0 0 .0 'o. 0 0 2 0 0 3 9 1 2 0 0 0 24 .535 0 .0 0 . 002 0 0 3 9 1 2 1 0 0 21 . 0 3 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 6 0 0 3 9 1 2 2 0 0 24 . 5 3 5 0 .0 0 0 2 0 0 .0 3 9 1 2 3 0 0 28 .039 0 .0 0 . 0 2 9 0 0 3 9 1 2 4 0 0 24 . 5 3 5 0 .0 0 . 013 0 . 0 3 9 1 2 5 0 0 35 .049 0 .0 0 179 o 0 3 9 15 1 0 0 2 0 .938 0 .0 0 0 3 5 0 0 3 9 1 5 2 0 0 17 .448 0 0 0 0 3 5 0 0 39 153 0 0 17 . 448 0 .0 0 0 4 2 0 0 3 9 1 5 4 0 0 17 .448 0 0 0 .035 0 0 3 9 155 0 0 17 . 448 0 .0 0 0 4 2 0 0 3 9 1 5 6 0 0 17 . 448 0 .0 0 024 0 . 0 E X T R A C T I 0 N - K C L 0 3 I D . N O L O C A T I O N CA CU FE MO 3 9 1 0 9 O 0 5 3 7 . . 0 6 3 164 . 7 6 0 * 0 . 1 9 4 * 9 . 732 391 10 O 0 3 9 0 . 381 5 8 974 0 . 702 0 . 0 391 1 1 0 0 5 0 6 . 7 4 5 5 3 8 4 6 0 . 6 7 2 0 . 0 391 12 0 0 52 1 7 6 0 123 . 0 7 7 0 . 5 6 6 0 . 0 391 13 0 0 5 7 0 . 5 5 7 128 205 0 . 7 3 3 0 . 0 391 14 0 0 487 . 9 7 7 8 9 744 0 . 794 0 . 0 391 15 0 0 4 5 0 . 4 4 0 6 6 . 6 6 7 0 . 8 5 9 0 . 0 39 1 16 O 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 391 17 0 0 431 . 6 7 2 184 . 6 1 6 1 . 2 6 2 * 0 . 0 391 18 0 0 4 6 5 . 4 5 5 6 4 . ,103 1 . 6 2 8 * 0 0 391 19 O o 3 5 6 . 5 9 8 51 . 282 1 . 7 5 1 * 0 . 0 3 9 1 2 0 O 0 4 1 2 . 9 0 3 3 5 . 8 9 7 1 6 6 9 * 0 . 0 3 9 1 2 1 0 0 401 . 6 4 2 4 6 . 154 1 . 2 8 2 * 0 . 0 3 9 1 2 2 O 0 3 1 5 . 3 0 8 64 . 103 0 . 6 9 6 0 . 0 3 9 1 2 3 O 0 5 7 0 . 5 5 7 189 . 744 0 6 6 2 0 . 0 3 9 1 2 4 O 0 431 . 6 7 2 107 . 6 9 2 0 . 8 5 5 0 . 0 39 125 O o 938 . 4 17 158 974 4 . 1 7 3 ' 0 . 0 3 9 1 5 1 0 0 305 471 8 0 2 2 3 0 . 0 9 6 * 0 . 0 3 9 1 5 2 O 0 4 17 229 62 . 3 9 6 0 9 0 4 * 0 . 0 39 153 O o 283 . . 120 92 . 108 0 171* 0 . 0 3 9 1 5 4 O 0 3 9 1 153 175. 302 0 4 18* 0 . 0 3 9 1 5 5 0 0 484 . 284 2 9 7 . 122 0 . 6 1 2 * 0 . 0 3 9 1 5 6 O o 402 . 3 2 8 0 . 0 0 . 3 3 7 * 0 . 0 E X T R A C T I O N - -HCL04 ID. NO L O C A T I O N CA CU FE M0_ 3 9 1 0 9 O 0 117. 3 1 5 11 . 2 1 5 0 ,081 4 944 391 10 O 0 26 . 047 0 .0 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 391 1 1 0 0 27 . 9 0 7 0 .0 0 . 0 7 8 0 . 0 3 9 1 12 O 0 27 . 9 0 7 0 .0 0 . 0 4 5 0 . 0 3 9 1 13 0 0 26 . 0 4 7 0 .0 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 391 14 0 0 27 . 9 0 7 0 . 0 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 391 15 O 0 26 . 0 4 7 O . 0 0 . 0 5 8 0 . 0 391 16 0 0 0 . 0 O . 0 0 O 0 . 0 391 17 0 0 26 . 0 4 7 O . 0 0 . 0 7 7 0 . 0 391 I B 0 0 27 . 9 0 7 O . 0 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 391 19 0 0 2 9 . 7 6 7 0 0 0 . 0 8 2 0 0 3 9 1 2 0 O 0 29 . 7 6 7 0 o 0 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 3 9 1 2 1 0 0 27 . 9 0 7 0 0 0 . 0 6 6 0 . 0 3 9 1 2 2 O 0 24 . 186 0 0 0 . 0 7 6 0 . 0 3 9 1 2 3 0 0 31 . 6 2 8 0 0 0 . 0 5 8 oo 3 9 1 2 4 o o 27 . 9 0 7 0 0 0 . 0 6 0 0 . 0 3 9 1 2 5 o 0 1600 . 0 0 1 * 0 0 0 4 3 2 0 . 0 39151 o 0 2 0 . 8 2 8 0 .0 0 .051 o:o 3 9 1 5 2 0 0 2 0 . 8 2 8 0 .0 0 . 0 8 0 0 . 0 3 9 1 5 3 o 0 1 1 .361 0 .0 0 . 0 4 4 0 . 0 39 154 0 0 22 . 722 0 .0 1 0 . 0 4 5 0 . 0 3 9 155 0 0 2 0 8 2 8 7 . 8 8 8 . 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 3 9 1 5 6 0 0 17 .04 1 0 0 0 0 6 9 0 . 0 E X T R A C T I O N - 1 0 W C L I I D . NO CA CU FE MO 3 9 157 0 0 0 . 37 1 • 7 6 . 6 3 1 0 . 2 3 0 0 . 0 3 9 1 5 8 0 0 0 . 9 3 9 4 4 . 9 2 2 0 . 4 0 8 0 . 0 3 9 1 5 9 0 0 0 . 3 9 1 * 18 . 4 9 7 0 . 3 7 8 0 . 0 3 9 1GO 0 0 0 . 7 8 7 0 . 0 0 . 2 0 6 0 . 0 3 9 161 0 0 1 . 3 4 7 0 . 0 0 . 2 6 9 0 . 0 3 9 162 0 0 0 . 2 3 8 * 0 . 0 0 . 157 0 . 0 3 9 1 6 3 ' 0 0 0 . 4 3 6 * 0 . 0 0 . 4 9 4 0 . 0 3 9 1 6 4 0 0 2 . 6 19 0 . 0 0 . 5 2 0 0 . 0 3 9 165 0 0 0 . 8 18 0 . 0 0 3 2 2 0 . 0 3 9 166 0 0 1 . 2 2 6 18 . 4 9 7 0 . 2 4 7 0 . 0 39 167 0 0 1 . 3 1 7 2 6 . 4 2 4 0 . 2 0 6 0 . 0 39 168 0 0 0 . 5 0 0 ' 0 . 0 0 . 125 0 . 0 39 169 0 0 1 . 135 4 7 . 5 6 4 0 . 2 0 0 0 . 0 39 170 0 0 1 . 6 6 5 4 2 . 2 7 9 0 . 5 2 6 0 . 0 39 1 7 1 0 0 1 . 4 4 6 5 6 . 9 5 8 0 . 4 2 2 6 . 0 39 172 0 0 0 . 9 5 9 3 1 . 0 6 8 0 . 3 5 9 0 . 0 39 173 o 0 0 . 87 1 188 . 9 9 7 0 . 3 3 3 0 . 0 3 9 1 7 4 0 0 0 . 7 3 8 3 6 . 2 4 6 0 . 2 8 3 0 . 0 39 175 0 0 0 . 7 2 3 2 5 . 8 9 0 0 . 4 2 5 0 . 0 3 9 1 26 0 0 1 . 1 15 0 . 0 0 . t 4 7 0 . 0 3 9 1 2 7 0 0 0 . 8 7 7 0 . 0 0 . 3 2 9 0 . 0 3 9 128 0 0 0 . 2 3 0 * 3 16 . 1 1 8 0 . 4 4 4 0 . 0 E X T R A C T I 0 N - N H 4 0 X I D . NO L O C A I I O N CA CU FE MO 39 157 0 0 24 . 4 2 7 4 5 . 7 14 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 -39 158 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 3 9 1 5 9 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 3 9 160 0 0 2 0 . 9 3 8 0. 0 0 . 0 1 7 0 . 0 3 9 1.6 1 0 0 2 0 . 9 3 8 0 . 0 0 . 0 3 1 0 . 0 39 162 0 0 27 . 9 1 7 0. 0 o. 0 1 7 0 . 0 3 9 163 0 0 24 . 4 2 7 0 . 0 0 . 0 2 6 0 . 0 3 9 164 0 0 2 0 . 9 3 8 0 . 0 0 . 0 2 4 0 . 0 3 9 1 6 5 0 0 3 1 . 4 0 7 0 . 0 0 . 2 4 0 0 . 0 3 9 166 0 0 34 . 8 9 6 0 . 0 0 0 6 3 0 . 0 3 9 167 0 0 27 . 9 1 7 0 . 0 0 0 2 4 0 . 0 3 9 1 6 8 0 0 3 1 . 4 0 7 0 . 0 0 0 2 6 0 . 0 3 9 1 6 9 0 0 31 . 4 0 7 18 . 8 2 4 0 . 0 2 6 0 . 0 3 9 1 7 0 0 0 3 8 . 3 8 6 0 . 0 0 . 6 7 7 0 . 0 3 9 1 2 6 0 0 3 1 . 5 4 4 0 . 0 0 . 0 1 8 0 . 0 3 9 1 2 7 0 0 4 2 . 0 5 9 0. 0 0 . 150 0 . 0 3 9 128 0 0 3 1 . 5 4 4 6 7 . 170 0 . 2 2 2 0 0 E X T R A C T I O N - K C L 0 3 I D . N O L O C A T I O N C A C U F E M O 3 9 1 5 7 0 0 134 . 1 0 9 172 3 3 1 2 2 4 9 o; ;o 3 9 1 5 8 0 0 0 . 0 O 0 0 0 0 0 3 9 1 5 9 0 0 0 O O 0 0 . 0 0 0 3 9 1 6 0 0 0 137 . 8 3 5 8 0 . 2 2 3 3 . 2 1 3 0 0 3 9 1 6 1 0 0 2 5 3 3 1 8 8 6 165 5 . 5 2 2 0 0 3 9 1 6 2 0 0 4 4 . 7 0 3 1 1 5 . 8 7 7 2 . 5 3 0 O. 0 3 9 1 6 3 O 0 7 0 . . 7 8 0 1 9 9 . 0 7 2 3 2 5 3 0 . 0 3 9 1 6 4 O o 3 0 1 . 7 4 6 124 7 9 1 2 . 8 5 1 O. 0 3 9 1 6 5 O 0 186 2 6 3 175 . 3 0 2 0 . 6 6 3 * 0 . 0 3 9 1 6 6 0 0 4 2 8 . . 4 0 5 1 4 8 . 5 6 1 3 2 1 3 0 . 0 3 9 167 0 0 186 . 2 6 3 4 6 0 . 5 3 9 1 . 124 0 . 0 3 9 1 6 8 0 0 9 3 132 1 1 8 . 8 4 9 4 . 2 5 7 32 . 0 0 0 3 9 169 0 0 149 . 0 1 0 5 5 5 6 1 8 i 1 . 3 2 5 0 . 0 3 9 1 7 0 0 0 7 5 2 5 . 0 3 1 ' 3 4 7 . 6 3 2 5 . 2 2 1 0 . 0 3 9 1 7 1 0 0 3 3 9 5 6 1 8 ' 3 2 5 . 1 0 5 ' 2 . 7 2 3 0 . 0 3 9 172 0 0 1 4 3 9 4 4 7 2 6 8 . 6 8 2 ' 5 . 8 1 7 0 . 0 3 9 173 O o 8 4 8 9 0 5 4 5 6 . 7 5 9 ' 5 . 0 5 4 0 . 0 3 9 1 7 4 0 0 6 3 4 . 8 3 3 1 6 6 . 5 8 3 ' 4 . 2 2 9 0 . o 3 9 175 0 0 9 3 0 . 104 158 . 5 2 2 ' 5 . 3 6 4 0 . 0 3 9 1 2 6 0 0 4G9 . 2 0 8 1 17 . 9 4 9 2 . 9 7 2 ' 0 . 0 3 9 1 2 7 O 0 9 3 0 . 9 1 0 2 9 2 . 3 0 8 5 . 3 9 4 ' O . 0 3 9 1 2 8 0 0 9 3 . 8 4 2 6 4 1 . 0 2 6 4 . 7 2 3 * 0 o E X T R A C T I 0 N - H C L 0 4 I D . N O L O C A T I O N C A C U F E M O 3 9 157 0 0 143 . 9 0 5 7 . 8 8 8 0 . 2 3 4 " 0 - 0 3 9 1 5 8 O 0 o . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 3 9 1 5 9 O 0 0 O 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 3 9 1 6 0 O 0 15 . 148 0 . 0 0 . 144 0 . 0 3 9 1 6 1 O 0 13 . 2 5 4 0 . 0 0 . 2 9 6 0 . 0 3 9 1 6 2 O 0 17 . 0 4 1 0 . 0 0 165 0 . 0 3 9 1 6 3 O 0 0 O 10 5 1 8 O 181 0 . 0 3 9 1 6 4 0 0 9 . 4 6 7 0 . 0 0 . 154 0 . 0 3 9 1 6 5 0 0 17 . 0 4 1 0 0 0 . 0 9 0 0 . 0 3 9 1 6 6 0 0 1 4 0 . 1 18 13 . 147 0 8 0 9 * 0 . 0 3 9 1 6 7 O 0 17 . 0 4 1 3 5 . 4 9 7 0 . 3 6 2 0 . 0 3 9 1 6 8 . 0 0 13 2 5 4 0 . 0 0 . 3 0 6 0 . 0 3 9 1 6 9 0 0 15 1 4 8 5 1 2 . 7 3 6 * 4 . 4 6 8 * 0 . 0 3 9 1 7 0 0 0 4 5 2 5 . 4 4 1 * I O . 5 1 8 0 . 4 4 1 0 . 0 3 9 1 7 1 0 0 3 0 8 7 . 0 6 0 * 7 8 6 9 0 . 3 6 4 o.o 3 9 1 7 2 0 0 2 3 1 5 3 0 0 . 0 0 . 9 8 6 * 0 . 0 3 9 1 7 3 O 0 4 3 6 . 7 0 6 1 3 . 1 15 1 . 0 7 1 * o.o 3 9 1 7 4 0 0 6 8 1 . 4 1 2 O. 0 0 . 7 0 7 * 0 . 0 3 9 1 7 5 o 0 5 6 0 . 9 4 1 0 . 0 0 . 77 1 * 0 0 3 9 1 2 6 o 0 4 4 6 . 5 1 2 0 . 0 0 . 2 8 3 0 0 3 9 1 2 7 0 0 6 9 7 . 6 7 5 13 7 9 3 0 . 4 1 6 0 . 0 3 9 1 2 8 0 0 2 6 . 0 4 7 34 4 8 3 1 1 0 1 * 0 . 0 E X T R A C T I O N - 107.HCL EXTRACT I O N - K C L O G I D . N O L O C A T I O N CA CU FE MO 3 9 1 2 9 0 0 0 . 9 6 6 4 4 . 3 6 7 0 . 4 8 1 0 . 0 3 9 1 3 0 0 0 0 . 9 2 2 4 9 . 9 1 3 0 . 4 6 6 0 . 0 3 9 131 0 0 0 . 6 6 6 * 123 : 2 8 3 0 . 4 3 5 0 . 0 3 9 1 3 2 0 0 1 . 0 5 9 179 . 5 6 4 0 . 5 9 4 0 . 0 3 9 1 3 3 0 0 0 . 8 1 7 9 9 . 163 0 . 2 9 3 0 . 0 3 9 1 3 4 0 0 2 . 148 6 9 . 6 8 2 0 . 5 6 8 0 . 0 3 9 1 3 5 0 0 1 . 5 5 8 1 2 0 . 6 0 3 0 . 4 0 3 0 . 0 3 9 1 3 G 0 0 2 . 148 131 . 3 2 3 0 . 7 4 7 0 . 0 3 9 137 0 0 0 . 9 0 8 2 5 1 . 9 2 6 0 . 5 0 5 0 . 0 3 9 1 3 8 0 0 0 . 5 9 8 * 7 12 . 8 9 8 0 . 3 0 8 0 . 0 3 9 139 0 0 2 . 7 5 4 7 5 . 0 4 2 0 . 2 5 0 0 . 0 3 9 1 4 0 0 0 1 . 4 3 7 3 2 9 . 6 4 8 0 . 4 3 9 0 . 0 3 9 14 1 0 0 2 . 148 3 5 9 . 129 0 . 3 7 1 0 . 0 3 9 142 0 0 1 . 7 2 5 101 . 8 4 3 0 . 3 6 1 0 . 0 3 9 1 4 3 0 0 1 . 8 9 1 5 8 . 9 6 2 0 . 2 0 4 0 . 0 3 9 144 0 0 1 . 9 0 6 2 4 9 . 2 4 6 0 . 2 8 6 0 . 0 3 9 1 4 5 0 0 1 . 8 9 1 158 . 124 0 . 3 7 1 0 . 0 3 9 14G 0 0 2 . 2 7 0 125 . 9 6 3 0 . 2 0 6 0 . 0 3 9 1 4 7 0 0 1 . 5 7 4 37 . 5 2 1 0 . 2 8 0 0 . 0 3 9 148 0 0 1 . 6 0 4 7 7 . 7 2 2 0 . 2 8 8 0 . 0 3 9 1 4 9 0 0 1 . 9 9 7 16 . 0 8 0 0 . 2 6 5 0 . 0 E X T R A C T I O N - NH40X I D NO LOCATI ON CA CU FE MO 3 9 1 2 9 0 0 3 1 . 5 4 4 0 .0 0 101 0 0 3 9 130 0 0 3 1 . 5 4 4 2 1 . 49'j 0 1 12 0 . 0 3 9 1 3 1 0 0 4 3 . 5 1 3 . 2 5 . 7 6 5 0 . 0 3 7 0 . 0 3 9 132 0 0 4 3 . 5 1 3 25 . 7 6 5 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 3 9 1 3 3 0 0 3 9 . 8 8 7 28 . 34 1 0 . 0 1 3 0 . 0 3 9 134 0 0 3 9 . 8 8 7 3 3 . 4 9 4 0 . 0 5 9 0 . 0 3 9 1 3 5 0 0 4 3 . 5 1 3 5 1 . 5 3 0 0 0 4 8 0 . 0 3 9 13G 0 0 47 . 139 2 5 . 7 6 5 0 . 144 0 o 3 9 1 3 7 0 0 4 3 . 5 1 3 2 5 7G5 0 . 129 0 . 0 3 9 138 O 0 2 5 . 3 8 2 1 10 . 7 8 9 0 . 0 5 5 0 . 0 3 9 1 3 9 0 0 18 . 130 2 5 . 7 6 5 0 0 6 1 0 . 0 3 9 1 4 0 0 0 18 . 130 54 10G 0 . 0 8 3 0 . 0 3 9 1 4 1 0 0 2 1 . 7 5 6 8 2 . 4 4 8 0 . 129 0 . 0 3 9 1 4 2 0 0 2 1 . 7 5 6 3 0 . 9 1 8 0 . 122 0 . 0 3 9 1 4 3 0 0 18 . 1 3 0 15 . 4 5 9 0 . 0 4 6 0 . 0 3 9 1 4 4 0 0 18 . 130 9 2 . 7 5 4 0 . 0 9 6 0 . 0 3 9 1 4 5 0 0 2 1 . 7 5 6 7 9 . 8 7 1 0 . 1 16 0 . 0 3 9 1 4 6 0 0 2 1 . 7 5 6 33 . 4 9 4 0 . 0 4 4 0 . 0 3 9 1 4 7 0 0 2 1 . 7 5 6 18 . 0 3 5 0 . 0 7 4 0 . 0 3 9 1 4 8 o 0 2 5 . 3 8 2 3 6 . 0 7 1 0 . 0 7 9 0 . 0 3 9 1 4 9 0 0 2 9 . 0 0 8 12 . 8 8 2 0 . 0 7 2 0 . 0 I D . N O L O C A T I O N CA CU FE MO 3 9 1 2 9 0 0 157 . 6 5 4 7 2 3 . 0 7 7 5 . . 0 8 9 * 0 0 3 9 1 3 0 O 0 2 5 9 0 0 3 7 12 . 8 2 1 4 . 9 2 6 * 0 0 3 9 1 3 1 0 0 9 1 . 2 7 2 3 2 0 . 2 5 6 * 4 . 5 2 9 4 8 OOO 3 9 1 3 2 O 0 2 5 1 . 9 1 1 4 2 7 . 8 6 3 * 7 . 146 4 8 OOO 3 9 1 3 3 0 0 1 4 9 6 8 6 4 5 8 6 0 7 * 2 . 7 7 8 3 2 0 0 0 3 9 1 3 4 O 0 4 7 4 . 6 1 5 0 . 0 4 . 9 3 2 1 1 2 . OOO 3 9 1 3 5 0 0 3 3 2 . 2 3 1 O 0 3 . 9 2 6 3 2 . OOO 3 9 1 3 6 0 0 1387 . 3 3 7 0 0 6 . 8 8 5 8 0 . OOO 3 9 1 3 7 0 0 4 7 4 . 6 1 5 4 8 4 . 2 2 8 * 2 . 5 7 7 0 . 0 3 9 1 3 8 0 0 7 19 . 2 2 5 0 0 3 . 8 6 5 0 . 0 3 9 1 3 9 0 0 3 103 . 2 5 3 * 0 . 0 5 . 7 3 7 0 . 0 3 9 1 4 0 0 0 1 2 2 3 . 0 4 7 0 . 0 5 . 9 3 9 4 8 . 0 0 0 3 9 1 4 1 O 0 4 6 3 . 6G3 0 . 0 ; 5 . 5 9 6 6 4 . 0 0 0 3 9 1 4 2 0 0 3 3 9 . 5 3 2 0 . 0 6 . 8 6 5 3 2 . OOO 3 9 1 4 3 0 0 3 3 9 . 5 3 2 0 . 0 5 . 4 3 5 9 6 . 0 0 0 3 9 1 4 4 O 0 1 0 5 8 . 7 5 7 0 . O 6 . 4 4 2 4 8 . 0 0 0 3 9 1 4 5 0 0 8 4 3 . 3 5 5 0 . 0 7 . 6 9 0 4 8 . 0 0 0 3 9 1 4 6 0 0 7 4 4 . 7 8 1 O . 0 3 . 9 4 6 5 6 0 . 0 0 0 3 9 1 4 7 0 0 3 0 6 . 6 7 4 7 3 0 . 1 8 5 * 6 . 4 8 2 128 . 0 0 0 3 9 1 4 8 O 0 5 1 1 . 124 0 . 0 7 . 5 4 9 6 4 . 0 0 0 3 9 1 4 9 O 0 4 4 5 . 4 0 8 5 9 9 . 5 2 0 * 6 . 34 1 3 2 . 0 0 0 E X T R A C T I O N -•HCL04 I D . N O L O C A T I O N CA CU FE MO 3 9 1 2 9 0 0 2 6 . 0 4 7 2 2 . 0 6 9 1 . 1 6 6 * 0 .o 3 9 1 3 0 0 0 27 . 9 0 7 17 . 9 3 1 1 . 2 9 5 * 0 .0 3 9 1 3 1 0 0 5 8 . 3 8 1 13 . 6 0 5 0 . 2 7 0 0 . 0 3 9 1 3 2 0 0 8 2 . 0 9 8 2 1 . 7 6 9 0 . 3 0 3 0 . 0 3 9 1 3 3 O 0 5 6 . 5 5 6 19 . 0 4 8 0 . 2 0 1 o . 0 3 9 1 3 4 O 0 5 6 . 5 5 6 5 7 . 143 0 . 3 8 4 o . 0 3 9 1 3 5 O 0 6 5 . 6 7 8 141 . 4 9 7 0 . 4 3 8 0 . 0 3 9 1 3 6 O 0 4 4 8 . B 0 3 6 2 . 5 8 5 0 . 3 7 6 o . 0 3 9 1 3 7 0 0 156 . 8 9 9 2 0 . 4 0 8 0 . 1 3 6 o . 0 3 9 1 3 8 O 0 2 4 6 . 2 9 4 5 0 . 3 4 0 0 . 2 1 4 0 . 0 39 .139 ' O 0 1 9 8 8 . 5 9 8 * 34 . 0 1 4 0 . 2 5 4 0 . 0 3 9 1 4 0 O 0 3 6 3 . 0 5 6 5 7 . 143 0 . 2 9 0 0 . 0 3 9 1 4 1 O 0 8 5 . 7 4 7 3 9 . 4 5 6 0 . 3 3 5 0 . 0 3 9 1 4 2 0 0 9 4 . 8 6 9 6 6 . 6 6 7 0 . 3 0 5 0 . 0 3 9 1 4 3 O 0 4 5 . 6 1 0 4 3 . 5 3 7 0 . 2 5 4 o . 0 3 9 1 4 4 0 0 3 6 3 . 0 5 6 6 2 . 5 8 5 0 . 2 5 5 0 . 0 3 9 1 4 5 o 0 3 2 8 . 3 9 2 4 8 . 9 8 0 0 . 2 9 4 0 . 0 3 9 1 4 6 0 0 1 2 0 . 4 10 9 1 . 156 0 . 2 2 2 i 19 . 8 4 0 3 9 1 4 7 0 0 7 1 . 152 34 . 0 1 4 0 . 3 0 3 2 6 . 6 3 1 3 9 1 4 8 0 0 162 3 7 2 5 7 . 143 0 . 3 4 4 0 . 0 3 9 1 4 9 0 0 8 3 . 9 2 2 3 2 . 6 5 3 0 . 2 7 7 0 . 0 E X T R A C T I O N - l O Z H C L EXTRACT 1 0 N - K C L 0 3 I D . N O LOCATION CA CU FE MO 3 9 1 5 0 0 0 1 . 3 7 7 184 9 2 5 0 . 4 4 5 0 . 0 3 9 1 7 6 0 0 1 . 7 7 1 188 9 9 7 0 . 6 0 1 0 . 0 3 9 1 7 7 0 O 1 . 6 9 7 9 0 . 6 15 0 . 3 5 3 0 . 0 3 9 1 7 8 0 O 1 . 5 3 5 1 19 . 0 9 4 0 . 3 6 4 0 . 0 3 9 1 7 9 0 0 1 . 3 2 8 1 2 6 . . 8 6 1 0 . 2 7 9 0 . 0 3 9 1 8 0 0 0 2 . 7 3 0 1 16 5 0 5 0 . 6 9 0 0 . 0 3 9 18 1 0 0 1 . 4 6 1 1 16 . 5 0 5 0 . 2 6 3 0 . 0 3 9 1 8 2 0 0 2 0 8 0 163 . 107 0 . 3 3 5 0 . 0 3 9 1 8 3 0 0 1 6 0 8 186 4 0 8 0 . 3 6 6 0 . 0 3 9 1 8 4 0 0 0 . 9 8 9 165 . 6 9 6 0 2 7 4 0 . 0 3 9 185 0 0 1 8 7 4 165 . 6 9 6 0 3 6 4 0 . 0 3 9 186 0 0 2 . 5 9 7 113 . 9 1 6 0 4 6 8 0 . 0 3 9 1 8 7 0 0 1 6 8 2 1 0 0 . 9 7 1 0 3 6 4 0 . 0 3 9 1 8 8 0 0 1 6 8 2 113 . 9 1 6 0 2 2 9 o.o 3 9 1 8 9 0 0 1 8 5 9 6 7 . 3 1 4 0 5 1 2 0 . 0 EXTRACT 1 0 N - N H 4 0 X I D . NO LOCATION CA CU FE MO 3 9 1 5 0 0 0 32 . 6 3 5 3 3 4 9 4 0 . 0 9 0 o.o I D . N O L O C A T I O N CA CU FE MO 3 9 1 5 0 0 0 3 0 3 . 0 2 3 0 . 0 4 . 0 6 6 176 • OOO 39 176 0 0 4 7 9 . 8 1 5 0 . 0 4 . 8 4 8 2 0 4 . 7 2 4 3 9 1 7 7 0 0 4 2 8 . 143 0 . 0 2 . 9 5 0 2 3 6 . 2 2 0 3 9 1 7 8 0 0 5 6 4 . 7 0 6 0 o 3 . 5 0 7 7B . 7 4 0 3 9 1 7 9 O 0 3 6 9 . 0 8 9 0 . 0 2 . 3 9 3 3 4 6 . 4 5 7 3 9 1 8 0 0 O 0 0 0 o 0 . 0 O . 0 3 9 1 8 1 0 0 2 3 2 5 2 6 O . 0 2 . 8 8 8 1 to . 2 3 6 3 9 1 8 2 0 O 3 5 0 6 3 5 0 . 0 4 . 2 2 9 6 2 9 9 2 3 9 1 8 3 0 0 3 2 8 4 8 9 0 o 5 0 1 3 2 8 3 4 6 4 3 9 1 8 4 0 0 147 6 3 6 0 o 2 5 9 9 125 9 8 4 3 9 1 8 5 0 0 4 9 8 . 2 7 0 O o 4 . 2 2 9 2 2 0 4 7 2 3 9 1 8 6 0 0 5 7 5 . 7 7 9 0 . o 1 8 7 7 4 7 2 4 4 3 9 1 8 7 0 0 2 1 0 . 3 B 1 0 0 1 . 6 0 9 3 1 4 9 6 0 3 9 1 8 8 0 0 2 7 3 . 126 0 . 0 0 . 7 6 3 » 2 3 6 2 2 0 3 9 1 8 9 0 o O . O o. 0 0 . 0 2 3 6 2 2 0 EXTRACT 1 0 N - H C L 0 4 I D . N O L O C A T I O N CA CU FE MO 3 9 1 5 0 0 O 6 7 5 0 3 7 3 4 6 9 0 2 3 6 2 6 . 6 3 1 3 9 1 7 6 0 O 154 . 3 5 3 103 6 0 7 1 . 0 7 1 ' 2 3 7 . 5 0 0 3 9 1 7 7 O 0 2 0 5 . 177 7 6 . 0 6 6 0 . 8 0 3 * 6 5 . 6 2 5 3 9 1 7 8 0 0 4 7 2 4 7 1 1 2 3 . 2 7 9 0 . 8 5 7 * 6 2 . 5 0 0 3 9 1 7 9 0 0 152 4 7 1 8 6 5 5 7 0 . 7 7 1 * 2 3 1 2 5 0 3 9 1 8 0 O 0 O O 0 O 0 . 0 0 . 0 3 9 1 8 1 0 O 5 4 5 8 8 8 9 . 1 8 0 0 . 8 0 3 » 1 4 6 8 7 5 3 9 1 8 2 0 0 5 6 4 7 1 112 7 8 7 0 . 8 3 6 * 3 7 . 5 0 0 3 9 1 8 3 0 0 8 6 . 5 8 8 1 19 . 3 4 4 1 0 0 7 * 2 2 1 8 7 5 3 9 1 8 4 O 0 3 0 . 118 9 4 4 2 6 0 3 5 4 3 7 5 0 0 3 9 1 8 5 0 0 2 3 9 0 5 9 8 1 3 1 2 0 8 3 6 * 1 4 3 7 5 0 3 9 1 8 6 0 0 1 2 0 4 7 1 6 2 9 5 1 0 . 2 8 9 0 0 3 9 1 8 7 0 0 2 6 3 5 3 4 1 . 9 6 7 0 . 0 9 4 3 5 0 . 0 0 0 3 9 1 8 8 0 0 2 2 5 8 8 5 7 . 7 0 5 0 . 0 9 1 162 . 5 0 0 3 9 1 8 9 0 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 . 0 . 0 0 . 0 E X T R A C T I O N - 1 0 % H C L I D . N O L O C A T I O N CA CU FE Mn -p-OO I 3 9 19 1 0 0 1 2 4 5 2 9 5 3 0 0 2 3 0 0 . O 3 9 192 0 0 1 . 3 0 6 2 1 . 4 7 7 0 . 5 2 5 0 . 0 3 9 193 0 0 1 4 4 1 18 7 9 2 0 4 7 7 O. 0 3 9 1 9 4 0 0 2 . 5 5 1 4 0 . 2 6 8 0 . 3 5 1 0 . 0 3 9 195 0 0 1 . 5 1 6 24 161 0 5 3 4 0 . 0 39 196 0 0 2 . 7 7 6 0 0 0 . 3 0 6 0 . 0 39 1 9 7 0 0 1 0 8 0 0 0 0 . 5 4 2 0 . 0 30 198 0 0 2 8 8 1 24 161 0 . 2 5 8 0 0 nn 199 0 0 0 5 9 7 * 2 6 8 4 6 0 2 2 3 O 0 3 9 2 0 0 0 0 1 . 44 1 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 39?0 1 0 0 0 7 8 0 18 7 9 2 0 156 0 0 3 9 2 0 2 0 0 1 . 0 9 5 3 7 . 5 8 4 0 . 6 3 3 0 . 0 3 9 2 0 3 0 0 2 . 2 3 6 18 . 7 9 2 0 . 4 5 6 0 . 0 3920-1 0 0 1 1 7 0 2 6 . 8 4 6 0 6 5 1 0 . 0 3 9 2 0 5 0 0 1 6 3 6 42 . 9 5 3 0 . 4 6 6 0 0 EXTRACT 1 0 N - K C L 0 3 I D . N O LOCATION CU FE MO E X T R A C T I 0 N - N H 4 0 X I D NO L O C A T I O N CA CU FE MU 3 9 1 9 1 0 0 4 0 8 3 5 0 .0 0 0 7 7 0 . 0 3 9 1 9 2 0 0 3 3 . 4 11 0 .0 1 4 6 3 * 0 . 0 3 9 193 0 0 4 0 8 3 5 0 0 0 9 3 6 0 0 3 9 194 0 0 2 9 . 6 9 8 0 0 0 0 7 7 0 0 3 9 195 0 0 2 2 2 7 4 0 0 0 3 5 5 0 0 3 9 1 9 6 0 0 2 5 9 8 6 0 0 o. 2 0 2 0 0 3 9 197 0 0 3 3 4 1 1 0 0 0 5 5 9 0 0 3 9 198 0 0 2 9 . 6 9 8 0 0 0 0 5 6 0 0 3 9 1 9 9 0 0 3 3 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 4 3 0 0 3 9 2 0 0 0 0 3 3 4 11 0 0 0 . 2 4 7 0 . 0 3 9 2 0 1 0 0 3 3 . 4 1 1 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 . 0 3 9 2 0 2 0 0 4 8 . 2 6 0 0 0 0 . 6 2 4 0 0 3 9 2 0 3 0 0 3 7 . 123 0 0 0 6 2 4 0 0 3 9 2 0 4 0 0 5 1 . 9 7 2 0 0 0 . 16 1 0 0 3 9 2 0 5 0 0 4 8 . 2 6 0 0 0 0 . 5 9 2 0 0 E X TRACT I O N - H C L 0 4 D . N O L O C A T I O N CA CU FE MO 3 9 1 9 1 0 0 2 5 4 . 4 1 7 0 . 0 0 . 1 5 3 0 . 0 3 9 1 9 2 0 0 5 5 5 9 . 4 8 0 * 0 . 0 0 . 1 6 9 0 . 0 3 9 1 9 3 0 0 8 1 0 3 . 6 4 5 * 0 . 0 0 . 2 9 0 O . 0 3 9 1 9 4 0 0 5 6 3 . 4 8 6 16 . 0 5 4 0 . 7 7 1 * 0 . 0 3 9 1 9 5 0 0 5 8 2 . 3 3 2 0 O 0 . 127 0 . 0 3 9 1 9 6 0 0 2 8 2 . 6 8 5 0 . 0 0 3 2 2 0 . . 0 3 9 1 9 7 0 0 4 2 4 0 . 2 8 1 • 0 . 0 0 . . 2 2 7 0 . . 0 3 9 198 0 0 124 3 8 2 13 . 3 7 8 0 . 3 4 8 0 . . 0 3 9 1 9 9 0 0 94 2 2 9 0 . 0 0 . 2 8 5 0 , o 3 9 2 0 O 0 0 2 2 8 0 3 3 0 * 0 . 0 0 2 8 0 0 . o 3 9 2 0 1 0 0 7 5 . 3 8 3 0 O 0 . 127 0 . 0 3 9 2 0 2 0 0 8 4 8 0 . 5 6 3 * 9 . 3 6 5 0 . 7 9 2 * 0 . 0 3 9 2 0 3 0 0 1 8 6 5 . 7 2 3 * 9 . 3 6 5 0 . 3 6 4 0 . 0 3 9 2 0 4 0 0 5 0 6 9 . 4 9 2 * 0 . 0 0 . 2 6 4 0 . 0 3 9 2 0 5 0 0 9 4 2 2 . 8 4 8 * 0 . O O 2 3 2 O r>
Thesis/Dissertation
eng
Geological Sciences
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
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Graduate
Hydrothermal alteration and rock geochemistry at the Berg porphyry copper-molybdenum deposit, north-central British Columbia
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