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Journal of High Energy Physics. 2024 Dec 17;2024(12):116
The Author(s)
ATLAS Collaboration
Abstract This paper presents a search for supersymmetric particles in models with highly compressed mass spectra, in events consistent with being produced through vector boson fusion. The search uses 140 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at s = 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Events containing at least two jets with a large gap in pseudorapidity, large missing transverse momentum, and no reconstructed leptons are selected. A boosted decision tree is used to separate events consistent with the production of supersymmetric particles from those due to Standard Model backgrounds. The data are found to be consistent with Standard Model predictions. The results are interpreted using simplified models of R-parity-conserving supersymmetry in which the lightest supersymmetric partner is a bino-like neutralino with a mass similar to that of the lightest chargino and second-to-lightest neutralino, both of which are wino-like. Lower limits at 95% confidence level on the masses of next-to-lightest supersymmetric partners in this simplified model are established between 117 and 120 GeV when the lightest supersymmetric partners are within 1 GeV in mass.
JHEP12(2024)116PuAlished for SISS Ay SpringerReceived: September 30, 2024Accepted: December 1, 2024Published: December 17, 2024Search for supersymmetry using vector boson fusionsignatures and missing transverse momentum in ppcollisions at √s = 13TeV with the ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS collaborationE-mail: atlas.publications@cern.chAbstract: This paper presents a search for supersymmetric particles in models with highlycompressed mass spectra, in events consistent with being produced through vector bosonfusion. The search uses 140 fb−1 of proton-proton collision data at√s = 13TeV collected bythe ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. Events containing at least two jetswith a large gap in pseudorapidity, large missing transverse momentum, and no reconstructedleptons are selected. A boosted decision tree is used to separate events consistent with theproduction of supersymmetric particles from those due to Standard Model backgrounds.The data are found to be consistent with Standard Model predictions. The results areinterpreted using simplified models of R-parity-conserving supersymmetry in which thelightest supersymmetric partner is a bino-like neutralino with a mass similar to that of thelightest chargino and second-to-lightest neutralino, both of which are wino-like. Lower limitsat 95% confidence level on the masses of next-to-lightest supersymmetric partners in thissimplified model are established between 117 and 120GeV when the lightest supersymmetricpartners are within 1GeV in mass.Keywords: Hadron-Hadron ScatteringArXiv ePrint: 2409.18762Open Access, © The Authors.Article funded by SCOAP3. https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP12(2024)116JHEP12(2024)116Contents1 Introduction 12 ATLAS detector 33 Data and simulated event samples 44 Event reconstruction 75 Event selection and analysis strategy 86 Background estimation 97 Systematic uncertainties 128 Results 149 Conclusion 19The ATLAS collaboration 281 IntroductionWeak interactions at hadron colliders offer both challenges and opportunities in searchesfor physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). Despite their small cross-sections and low-momentum final states when compared with strong interactions, the signatures of weakinteractions can enable discoveries of rare processes, such as: single-boson production throughvector boson fusion (VBF) [1–3]; diboson production through vector-boson scattering (VBS) [4–13]; and triboson production [14–21]. Pure-electroweak processes, such as VBS and VBF,have emerged as powerful new tools, used most notably in studies of the Higgs boson (see e.g.ref. [22]). The extremely low production cross-sections of such processes, typically smallerthan a picobarn for pair-production of weak-scale particles, are mitigated by final states witha unique signature of two high-momentum jets with large separation in rapidity. The largeamount of collision data available from the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) increasinglyenables the use of such weak production modes, and their distinctive features, in searchesfor physics beyond the Standard Model.One extension of the Standard Model that has so far eluded discovery at the LHC isSupersymmetry (SUSY) [23–28], which predicts new particles that have identical quantumnumbers to their SM partners with the exception of spin, with SM fermions having bosonicpartners and SM bosons having fermionic partners. Problems such as those related tonaturalness [29, 30] and the nature of dark matter motivate extensions of the SM like SUSYthat are intimately connected with electroweak symmetry breaking.– 1 –JHEP12(2024)116SUSY models that address the naturalness problem often have some SUSY partners withmasses near the electroweak scale. Models with weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP)dark matter candidates can avoid overabundance of dark matter through co-annihilationmechanisms, which arise in SUSY models with compressed mass spectra that feature SUSYpartners with nearly degenerate masses [31–33]. SUSY scenarios featuring compressed massspectra can result in collisions at the LHC in which SUSY particles are produced, but theirSM decay products have such low momenta that they avoid detection. In R-parity conservingSUSY models [34] the lightest supersymmetric particles (LSPs) are stable and often carry noelectric charge, presenting viable dark matter candidates [35, 36]. Since they do not interactwith the detector, such LSPs are only indirectly observed through the momentum imbalancein the transverse plane left by their escape. Detection of a SUSY signal in such events ischallenged by large backgrounds and, in models where the lightest SUSY partners are theSUSY counterparts of SM electroweak bosons, by low signal cross-sections. One strategy forimproving the sensitivity of searches for low-mass electroweak SUSY is to require additionalhadronic activity in the event, which has the dual effect of providing a significant Lorentzboost to the SUSY particles and adding another visible physics object to the final state. Theresulting signature provides better separation of the SUSY signal from SM backgrounds.Following this strategy, this paper presents a search for compressed, electroweak SUSY inevents with large missing transverse momentum, two or more jets rendering a VBF topology,and no reconstructed electrons or muons. The search is optimised for SUSY models with LSPmasses within 2 GeV of the next-to-lightest SUSY partner (NLSP) mass, where the LSP istaken to be a bino-like neutralino (χ˜01), and the mass-degenerate NLSPs include a neutralino(χ˜02) and a pair of charginos (χ˜±1 ), all of which are wino-like. A broad collection of signature-based searches was studied in the context of the phenomenological minimal supersymmetricextension of the SM (pMSSM) in ref. [37], and the region with ∆m(χ˜02, χ˜01) < 2 GeV wasfound to be poorly constrained, motivating a focus on this region of SUSY parameter space.The χ˜02, χ˜±1 and χ˜01 states are collectively referred to as electroweakinos in the following. Thedecays of unstable electroweakinos in this simplified model are assumed to proceed throughemission of off-shell W or Z bosons, which then decay into fermions. At such small masssplittings the final decay products of the χ˜02 and χ˜±1 have sufficiently low momenta that theyare not reconstructed in the detector, motivating the zero-lepton signature. The two jets canarise from either QCD couplings or pure-electroweak couplings. In the pure-electroweak case,the SUSY particles can be produced through a VBF process, illustrated in figure 1(a). Otherdiagrams with QCD couplings, such as figure 1(b), result in the same final state and interferewith the VBF process. The contributions of the VBF diagrams motivate searches in eventscharacterised by large separation between jets and large dijet invariant mass.The use of the VBF signature as a way to probe SUSY models has been proposedseveral times [38–41]. This approach was explored experimentally by the CMS experiment inproton-proton (pp) collision data at√s = 8 TeV in ref. [42], and at√s = 13 TeV in ref. [43].ATLAS studied the VBF final state in pp collision data at√s = 13 TeV in a two-leptonsearch for SUSY in ref. [44], and CMS presented SUSY searches in one- and zero-leptontopologies in ref. [43]. Similar final states have also been used to constrain the branching ratioof Higgs bosons to invisible final states [45, 46]. The kinematic selections applied in the latter– 2 –JHEP12(2024)116⑦✤✝✶⑦✤✵✷qqqq⑦✤✵✶❢❢⑦✤✵✶❢❢(a)⑦✤✝✶⑦✤✵✷qqqq⑦✤✵✶❢❢⑦✤✵✶❢❢(b)Figure 1. Diagrams illustrating both (a) pure-electroweak and (b) mixed electroweak-QCD productionof electroweakino pairs in association with two jets.analyses were optimised for the production of a single SM Higgs boson, rendering them lesssensitive to the SUSY scenarios considered in this paper in which fermionic electroweakinosare pair-produced with an overall mass of roughly twice the mass of the SM Higgs boson.ATLAS has also performed a differential cross-section measurement of dijet kinematics inevents with missing transverse momentum in VBF phase space [47], which observed goodmodelling of most kinematic distributions except the dijet invariant mass, partially motivatingdedicated searches for non-SM contributions in this signature.2 ATLAS detectorThe ATLAS detector [48] at the LHC covers nearly the entire solid angle around the collisionpoint.1 It consists of an inner tracking detector surrounded by a thin superconductingsolenoid, electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters, and a muon spectrometer incorporatingthree large superconducting air-core toroidal magnets.The inner-detector system (ID) is immersed in a 2T axial magnetic field and providescharged-particle tracking in the range |η| < 2.5. The high-granularity silicon pixel detectorcovers the vertex region and typically provides four measurements per track, the first hitgenerally being in the insertable B-layer (IBL) installed before Run 2 [49, 50]. It is followedby the SemiConductor Tracker (SCT), which usually provides eight measurements per track.These silicon detectors are complemented by the transition radiation tracker (TRT), whichenables radially extended track reconstruction up to |η| = 2.0. The TRT also provideselectron identification information based on the fraction of hits (typically 30 in total) above ahigher energy-deposit threshold corresponding to transition radiation.1ATLAS uses a right-handed coordinate system with its origin at the nominal interaction point (IP) in thecentre of the detector and the z-axis along the beam pipe. The x-axis points from the IP to the centre ofthe LHC ring, and the y-axis points upwards. Polar coordinates (r, ϕ) are used in the transverse plane, ϕbeing the azimuthal angle around the z-axis. The pseudorapidity is defined in terms of the polar angle θ asη = − ln tan(θ/2) and is equal to the rapidity y = 12 ln(E+pzcE−pzc)in the relativistic limit. Angular distance ismeasured in units of ∆R ≡√(∆y)2 + (∆ϕ)2.– 3 –JHEP12(2024)116The calorimeter system covers the pseudorapidity range |η| < 4.9. Within the region|η| < 3.2, electromagnetic calorimetry is provided by barrel and endcap high-granularitylead/liquid-argon (LAr) calorimeters, with an additional thin LAr presampler covering|η| < 1.8 to correct for energy loss in material upstream of the calorimeters. Hadroniccalorimetry is provided by the steel/scintillator-tile calorimeter, segmented into three barrelstructures within |η| < 1.7, and two copper/LAr hadronic endcap calorimeters. The solidangle coverage is completed with forward copper/LAr and tungsten/LAr calorimeter modulesoptimised for electromagnetic and hadronic energy measurements respectively.The muon spectrometer (MS) comprises separate trigger and high-precision trackingchambers measuring the deflection of muons in a magnetic field generated by thesuperconducting air-core toroidal magnets. The field integral of the toroids ranges between 2.0and 6.0Tm across most of the detector. Three layers of precision chambers, each consistingof layers of monitored drift tubes, cover the region |η| < 2.7, complemented by cathode-stripchambers in the forward region, where the background is highest. The muon trigger systemcovers the range |η| < 2.4 with resistive-plate chambers in the barrel, and thin-gap chambersin the endcap regions.The luminosity is measured mainly by the LUCID-2 [51] detector that records Cherenkovlight produced in the quartz windows of photomultipliers located close to the beampipe.Events are selected by the first-level trigger system implemented in custom hardware,followed by selections made by algorithms implemented in software in the high-level trigger [52].The first-level trigger accepts events from the 40MHz bunch crossings at a rate below 100 kHz,which the high-level trigger further reduces in order to record complete events to disk atabout 1 kHz.A software suite [53] is used in data simulation, in the reconstruction and analysis ofreal and simulated data, in detector operations, and in the trigger and data acquisitionsystems of the experiment.3 Data and simulated event samplesData events were selected with a missing transverse momentum (pmissT ) trigger [54], employingvaried trigger thresholds depending on the data-taking periods. The trigger is > 95% efficientin all data-taking periods for events where the offline magnitude of pmissT , conventionallydenoted by EmissT , is above 200 GeV. In addition, events selected by single-electron (muon)triggers [55, 56] are considered to collect a sample of events to constrain the dominant SMbackgrounds with online lepton transverse momentum (pT) thresholds starting from 24–26(20–24) GeV dependent on the period of data taking. The data sample used corresponds to140 fb−1 of√s = 13 TeV pp collision data, where the uncertainty in the integrated luminosityis 0.83% [57]. The average number of interactions per bunch-crossing was 33.7.Samples of Monte Carlo (MC) simulated events are used to estimate the signal yields,and to estimate the background from SM processes with significant EmissT from invisibleparticles such as neutrinos. MC samples are also used to derive systematic uncertaintiesin the signal and background predictions.The SUSY signal is modelled using MadGraph5_aMC@NLO 2.7.3 [58] with theNNPDF2.3LO [59] parton distribution function (PDF) set. Pythia 8.244 [60] is used to– 4 –JHEP12(2024)116model the parton shower, hadronisation, and underlying event, using the A14 set of tunedparameters [61].Simulated signal samples consist of wino-like χ˜02χ˜±1 , χ˜±1 χ˜∓1 , χ˜02χ˜02, and χ˜±1 χ˜±1 productionin association with exactly two additional partons in the final state.2 The parton-level jetsare required to have pT > 30 GeV and to be separated by at least 2.5 units in pseudorapidity.MadSpin [62] is used to decay the electroweakinos into a χ˜01 and a pair of SM fermions. Thegenerated samples cover scenarios of χ˜02/χ˜±1 masses between 75–175 GeV and mass splittingsbetween the NLSPs and LSP of 0.2–5 GeV. While the signal kinematics do not dependstrongly on the electroweakino mass in this regime, samples with larger mass splittingsfeature more energetic leptons in the decay chain rendering such signals less efficient tothe zero-lepton requirement of the analysis. Samples are normalised to leading-order (LO)cross-sections from MadGraph5_aMC@NLO assuming pure wino-like states. The totalsignal cross-section including all production modes ranges from approximately 1.6 pb to0.06 pb for χ˜02/χ˜±1 masses between 75 GeV and 175 GeV. Some kinematics of the SM decayproducts are sensitive to the relative sign of the signed mass eigenvalues m(χ˜02) and m(χ˜01);in this analysis, the product m(χ˜02) ×m(χ˜01) is assumed to be positive.3Production of two electroweakinos in association with two jets can proceed through eitherVBF-like diagrams with a t-channel process, such as those shown in figure 1(a), or s-channeldiagrams such as figure 1(b). The s-channel diagrams can also be either pure-electroweak,in which the boson exchanged by incoming partons is a photon, W boson, or Z boson, orhave both electroweak and QCD couplings, in which case the exchanged boson is a gluon.All such diagrams have identical initial and final states, and all must therefore be included toensure gauge-invariant predictions. The interference between these diagrams affects the totalcross-section and the kinematics in phase space traditionally targeted by VBF searches, suchas large dijet invariant mass (mjj) and large pseudorapidity separation between jets (∆ηjj).The effect of the interference in these SUSY models is illustrated in figure 2, where the impacton the inclusive cross-section is modest, but can be a factor of two or more for mjj > 5 TeV.The SM background processes are estimated from a combination of MC simulation samplesand data-driven approaches. The most important backgrounds, from SM Z → νν andW → ℓνevents (where the lepton is not reconstructed), are modelled with Sherpa 2.2.11 [66] usingthe NNPDF3.0NNLO PDF set [67]. For strong production of V + jets (V =W,Z, γ∗), wherea QCD coupling facilitates the production of the additional jets, processes with up to twocoloured partons are modelled at next-to-leading-order (NLO) in the strong coupling, whileprocesses with up to five additional partons are modelled at LO accuracy. Electroweakproduction of V + jets is modelled separately using the same generator, in which processeswith up to two partons are modelled at LO accuracy.Subdominant backgrounds include SM diboson production, events with one or moretop quarks, and triboson production. Diboson production with either fully leptonic or2The χ˜02χ˜02, χ˜+1 χ˜+1 and χ˜−1 χ˜−1 productions feature only pure-electroweak diagrams while the others productionmodes occur also via mixed electroweak-QCD couplings.3The mixing matrix used to diagonalise the neutral electroweakino states can be complex but is forced tobe a real matrix in the SLHA2 format [63] at the cost of introducing negative mass eigenstates. The sign willaffect the couplings and thus the distributions in the decay under consideration. For additional discussion ofthis, see ref. [64] and appendix A in ref. [65].– 5 –JHEP12(2024)116 [GeV]m7−106−105−104−103−10 [fb/GeV]jj/dmσdNo InterferenceNominalMadGraph5_aMC@NLO + Pythia=13 TeVsjj, +1χ∼02χ∼ →pp0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 [GeV]jjm11.522.5RatioFigure 2. Comparison of different process definitions for χ˜02χ˜+1 production in association with two jets,made at particle level using the anti-kt algorithm with a radius parameter of R = 0.4. The ‘Nominal’sample is generated according to the details in section 3. The ‘No Interference’ sample generates pure-electroweak processes separately from processes with mixed electroweak-QCD couplings. Events areselected by requiring two jets with pT > 30 GeV and |η| < 5.0, and oppositely signed pseudorapidities.semileptonic decays of the bosons is modelled with Sherpa 2.2.1 or 2.2.2 (depending onthe process) at NLO accuracy for up to one additional parton, and at LO accuracy for upto three additional partons. Electroweak diboson production with fully leptonic decays ismodelled with Sherpa 2.2.12 at LO accuracy with up to one additional parton. The tt¯and single top-quark processes are generated at NLO with PowhegBox v2 [68–71] for thematrix element, using the NNPDF3.0NLO PDF set [67], and Pythia 8.230 for the partonshower. The diagram removal scheme [72] is used to account for interference between tt¯ andWt. Triboson production was modelled with Sherpa 2.2.2 at NLO for inclusive processes,and at LO for up to two additional parton emissions, using the NNPDF3.0NNLO PDF set.The effect of multiple interactions in the same and neighbouring bunch crossings (pile-up)is modelled by overlaying the simulated hard-scattering event with inelastic pp collisionsgenerated with Pythia 8.186 [73] using the NNPDF2.3LO PDF set and the A3 set of tunedparameters [74]. The MC events are weighted to reproduce the distribution of the averagenumber of interactions per bunch crossing observed in the data.Background and signal samples make use of EvtGen 1.6.0 and 1.2.0 [75] to modelthe decay of b- and c-hadrons, with the exception of the background samples modelledwith Sherpa, which performs these decays internally. All MC simulated samples areprocessed through the ATLAS simulation framework [76] in Geant4 [77], except the signal– 6 –JHEP12(2024)116samples, which are processed with a fast simulation which relies on a parameterisation ofthe calorimeter response [78].4 Event reconstructionEach event is required to have a primary vertex built from at least two associated tracks withpT > 0.5 GeV. The primary vertex with the highest sum of squared transverse momenta∑p2T of associated tracks [79] is selected as the hard-scatter vertex of interest in each event.As described below, reconstructed jets and leptons are categorised according to ‘baseline’and ‘signal’ criteria, where the latter category includes tighter requirements on the qualityof the reconstructed object.Hadronic jets are reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm [80, 81] with a radius parameterof R = 0.4 using particle-flow objects [82] calibrated at the electromagnetic (EM) scale. Thejet energy scale and resolution are calibrated using simulations with in situ correctionsobtained from data [83]. Baseline jets, used for removing overlaps between different types ofphysics objects, are required to satisfy pT > 20 GeV and |η| < 4.5. Signal jets, which are asubset of baseline jets and are used for event selection and categorisation, must satisfy stricterrequirements that suppress contributions from additional pp collisions in the same or nearbybunch crossings. All signal jets are required to have pT > 30 GeV. Central signal jets with|η| < 2.4 must additionally satisfy the Medium working point of the jet vertex tagger [84]if they have pT < 60 GeV. Signal jets with 2.4 < |η| < 4.5 must satisfy the Loose workingpoint of the forward jet vertex tagger [85] if they have pT < 120 GeV. Jets within |η| < 2.5that satisfy the 85% efficiency working point of the DL1r algorithm [86] are identified ascontaining b-hadrons and are referred to as b-tagged jets.Baseline electrons are reconstructed using ID tracks matched to energy clusters in theEM calorimeter. These satisfy pT > 4.5 GeV and |η| < 2.47 with a LooseAndBLayerLLHidentification [87]. The longitudinal impact parameter z0 of baseline electron tracks is requiredto satisfy |z0 sin θ| < 0.5 mm. Signal electrons must also satisfy the Tight likelihood-basedidentification criteria as well as the Loose_VarRad isolation requirements [88], and have atransverse impact parameter d0 with uncertainty σ(d0) satisfying |d0/σ(d0)| < 5.Baseline muons are reconstructed by combining tracks from the ID and the muonspectrometer subsystems. The Loose identification criteria [89] are applied. Baseline muonsare required to have pT > 3 GeV and |η| < 2.7, and satisfy |z0 sin θ| < 0.5 mm. Signalmuons must also have |η| < 2.5, and satisfy the Medium identification requirements andLoose_VarRad isolation criteria. Signal muons must have impact parameter significance|d0/σ(d0)| < 3, a tighter requirement than applied for electrons due to the lower levels ofmaterial scattering for muons relative to electrons.To prevent the use of the same reconstructed detector signals in multiple objects, anoverlap removal procedure is applied to the baseline leptons and jets in the following order.First, any electron sharing an ID track with a muon is removed. Next, jets are removed if theyare within ∆R < 0.2 from a remaining electron. After this, electrons are in turn rejected if theyare within 0.4 < ∆R < min (0.4, 0.04 + 10 GeV/pT(e)) of any remaining jet. Jets are removedif they are closer than ∆R < 0.4 to a muon and the jet has fewer than three associated tracks– 7 –JHEP12(2024)116with pT > 500 MeV. Finally, any muon within 0.4 < ∆R < min (0.4, 0.04 + 10 GeV/pT(µ))of a jet are removed.The missing transverse momentum is calculated as the negative vector sum of thetransverse momenta of all baseline leptons and jets calibrated to their respective energyscales, and an additional soft term constructed from tracks originating from the hard-scattervertex but not associated with any of the reconstructed objects [90].5 Event selection and analysis strategySeveral cleaning criteria are applied to all events, including a requirement that the leadingjet satisfy the Tight jet cleaning criterion to efficiently veto non-collision backgrounds [91].All events used in the analysis are required to have zero b-tagged jets, and at least two jetswith oppositely signed pseudorapidity. If multiple pairs of jets satisfying that requirement arepresent in the event, then the jet pair with the largest value of mjj is chosen to represent theVBF tagging jets. The VBF tagging jet with higher pT is labelled jVBF1 , while the subleadingjet is labelled jVBF2 . Events satisfy the preselection criteria and are retained for further studyif they contain a VBF pair that satisfies mjj > 600 GeV, |∆ηjj| > 3.0, pT(jVBF1)> 80 GeV,pT(jVBF2)> 40 GeV, and have all baseline jets sufficiently well-separated from the pmissT in ϕto satisfy min(∆ϕ(j,pmissT))> 0.4 in order to suppress the multijet background.Events that enter the signal region (SR) are preselected events that first satisfy a setof additional requirements that enhance the sensitivity of the analysis to the SUSY signal.Specifically, events in the SR must contain zero baseline electrons or muons, satisfy theinclusive-EmissT trigger, and have EmissT > 250 GeV.A boosted decision tree (BDT) is trained on the preselected signal and SM backgroundMC events described in section 3 to provide the final requirement used to select events forthe SR. The LightGBM [92] framework is used to construct the BDT, which is trained toseparate the SUSY signal from background events originating the SM processes describedin section 3, weighted according to their cross-section. Gradient boosting with the binarycross entropy as optimisation objective was used to train the BDT. The maximum numberof trees in the BDT is restricted to 1500 where each tree has a maximum depth and numberof leaves of five and eight, respectively. Only signal samples with m(χ˜02,χ˜±1 ) = 100 GeV weresupplied in the training to optimise the BDT performance for this mass regime. A k-foldcross-validation (with k = 5) approach is employed, with one fold used for validation, onefold used for testing, and the remaining folds used for training.The list of input variables for the BDT consists of: EmissT ; pT of the two individualVBF-tagged jets; the pT sum of the VBF-tagged jets as well as the same sum divided byEmissT ; the separation in pseudorapidity ∆ηjj, and separation in azimuthal angle ∆ϕjj, of thetwo VBF-tagged jets; the separation in ϕ between each of the two VBF tagged jets and pmissT ,∆ϕ(j,pmissT ), the absolute value of the difference |∆ϕ(jVBF1 ,pmissT )−∆ϕ(jVBF2 ,pmissT )|, and the ϕseparation between pmissT and the vector sum of the two VBF tagged jets; two transverse massesmT, one for each of the VBF-tagged jets, as well as the sum of the two transverse masses,where the transverse mass is computed as mT(j,pmissT ) =√2pjTEmissT (1− cos(∆ϕ(j,pmissT )));properties of the VBF jet system (mjj and pT); the weighted sum of mjj and EmissT , where– 8 –JHEP12(2024)116Feature CR−Z VR−Z CR−W VR−W VR−0L Multi-bin SR Single-bin SRNleptons 2 1 0mℓℓ |mℓℓ −mZ | < 30 GeV — —EmissT /√ΣET — EmissT /√ΣET > 5√GeV —BDT score [0.50, 0.84) [0.84, 1.0] [0.50, 0.84) [0.84, 1.0] [0.4, 0.6) [0.6, 1.0] [0.88, 1.0]BDT score bins 1 2 1 2 5 8 1Table 1. Summary of the selections defining the CRs, VRs and SRs. Each region is additionallysplit into 2j and ≥3j categories. The requirements of the preselection described in the text and onthe number of baseline and signals leptons defined in section 4 are also applied. The EmissT /√ΣETrequirement for the W + jets regions is only applied to events with electrons, to enhance the fractionof W + jets in those regions.the weighted sum is calculated as mjj/1430 GeV + EmissT /320 GeV with the ‘normalisation’values in the denominators representing the average of mjj and EmissT of the SM backgroundat preselection level, respectively; the minimum ϕ separation of any baseline jet with thepmissT ; and the mT and separation in ϕ of the Υ- and Ξ-tagged jets with the pmissT , wherejet Υ minimises ∆ϕ(j,pmissT ), and jet Ξ minimises mT(j,pmissT ) using all baseline jets passingthe overlap removal as candidates for Υ and Ξ.The result of the BDT is a score assigned to each event, where scores close to unityare more consistent with signal processes, while scores close to zero are more similar tobackground processes. The most important input features were found to be ∆ηjj and thepT of the subleading jet. Only events with scores above 0.6 are kept in the SR; controland validation regions use events with BDT scores as low as 0.4, as described in section 6.Depending the region, the BDT score distribution is either considered inclusively within somerange, or binned in steps of 0.04, except the last bin, which covers scores from 0.88 to 1.0.This last bin shows the best sensitivity to the benchmark signals and is hence also used assingle-bin SR to derive constraints on the number of events from generic physics processesbeyond the SM as described in section 8. After the training of the BDT, events in the SR arefurther split into two channels based on their jet multiplicity (Njets): one channel containingevents with exactly two jets (dubbed as ‘2j’ in the following), and another containing eventswith three or more jets (‘≥3j’). This split mildly increases the sensitivity but in particulartakes into account the observed dependence of the normalisation and modelling uncertaintiesof the V + jets backgrounds as described below.6 Background estimationPredictions for SM background contributions to the SR are made using different strategiesdepending on the background process. The largest backgrounds arise from W and Z bosonsproduced in association with two or more jets, which are modelled using MC samples thatare normalised in dedicated control regions (CRs). Backgrounds from processes that produceEmissT through jet mismeasurement or instrumental effects (referred to here as multijetbackgrounds) are modelled using a data-driven method. All other subdominant backgroundslisted in section 3 are modelled using MC.– 9 –JHEP12(2024)116Monte Carlo predictions of Z + jets, where the Z boson decays into νν¯, are normalisedin CRs identical to the SRs except that they require the presence of two opposite-sign, same-flavour signal leptons with an invariant mass within 30 GeV of the Z-boson mass. The leptonmomenta are added to the pmissT for the purposes of applying the EmissT requirements in the SRand calculating the BDT inputs using this adjusted definition of pmissT . This approach allowsusing Z → ee/µµ events as proxy for the Z → νν¯ background present in the SR. Eventsin CR−Z are collected using single-lepton triggers. To ensure stable trigger efficiencies theleptons in CR−Z are required to be sufficiently energetic and lie within detector acceptance.Thus, the leading lepton is required to have a pT > 27 GeV and must be matched to theonline trigger object. To efficiently veto mis-identified electrons, the energy deposits ofeach electron in the EM calorimeter must satisfy |η| < 1.37 or 1.52 < |η| < 2.47 and thesubleading electron must have pT > 25 GeV. Subleading muons must have pT > 9 GeV,with both muons satisfying |η| < 2.5.The W + jets predictions are normalised in separate CRs that includes events withexactly one signal lepton. As with CR−Z, the lepton momentum is added to the pmissT beforeapplication of the remaining SR criteria and calculation of the BDT score. A combination ofsingle-lepton triggers and the inclusive-EmissT trigger are used to collect events in this CR.Due to larger rates of multijet processes in which a hadron (or one of its decay products)is misidentified as a lepton, additional kinematic requirements are imposed to enhance thefraction ofW + jets in this region. This includes requiring leptons to satisfy pT > 27 GeV, andfor electron events requiring EmissT /√ΣET > 5.0√GeV, where ΣET = pT(j1)+pT(j2)+pT(e),with EmissT /√ΣET used as an approximation of the EmissT significance [93].Events in CR−W and CR−Z are required to have BDT scores between 0.5 and 0.84, andare split into 2j and ≥3j channels in accordance with the SRs. This allows the normalisationof the W and Z backgrounds individually for each category, resulting in four normalisationfactors in total. While the lower requirement on the BDT score ensures that the normalisationfactors are derived in a phase space similar to the SRs, events with BDT scores between0.84 and 1.0 are reserved for validation regions (VRs) used to check the extrapolation ofthe V + jets predictions into high-BDT regions, which provide the best sensitivity to SUSYsignals in the SRs. Distributions of the BDT scores for CR−W and CR−Z in both the 2j and≥3j channels are shown in figure 3. In addition, a separate set of validation regions, calledVR-0L, are constructed from SR events with BDT scores between 0.4 and 0.6 to validatethe extrapolation of the V + jets normalisations derived in one- or two-lepton regions tothe zero-lepton phase space. A summary of the selections employed to define the regionsused in the analysis is presented in table 1.A small but non-negligible amount of SM background also originates from multijetprocesses in which the EmissT originates from mismeasured jets. It would be computationallyexpensive to simulate this background with sufficient MC statistics in the high-EmissT phasespace considered in this search. Hence, multijet backgrounds are estimated via a semidata-driven approach using dedicated CRs enriched by multijet contributions utilising an‘ABCD’-like region layout where ‘D’ labels the phase space of the SR for which the multijetestimate is derived. The region CR-A is identical to the SR, except for a requirement thatmin(∆ϕ(j,pmissT))< 0.4. Regions CR-B and CR-C are identical to CR-A and the SR,– 10 –JHEP12(2024)116110210310410510610710EventsData Total Bkg W+jets, QCD W+jets, EWK OtherZ+jets, QCD Z+jets, EWKATLAS-1=13 TeV, 140 fbs2jCR-WPost-Fit0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8BDT Score0.80.911.11.2Data / Bkg (a)110210310410510610710EventsData Total Bkg W+jets, QCD Other W+jets, EWKZ+jets, QCD Z+jets, EWKATLAS-1=13 TeV, 140 fbs3j≥CR-WPost-Fit0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8BDT Score0.80.911.11.2Data / Bkg (b)110210310410510EventsData Total Bkg Z+jets, QCD Z+jets, EWK OtherATLAS-1=13 TeV, 140 fbs2jCR-ZPost-Fit0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8BDT Score0.80.911.11.2Data / Bkg (c)110210310410510610EventsData Total Bkg Z+jets, QCD Z+jets, EWK OtherATLAS-1=13 TeV, 140 fbs3j≥CR-ZPost-Fit0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8BDT Score0.80.911.11.2Data / Bkg (d)Figure 3. The BDT score distribution in (a) CR−W2j, (b) CR−W≥3j, (c) CR−Z2j, and (d) CR−Z≥3jused to normalise the W + jets and Z + jets estimates. The total background prediction is shownafter the fit to the data. The ‘Other’ category contains rare backgrounds from diboson, triboson andtop-quark production processes. The hatched band represents the post-fit experimental, theoretical,and statistical uncertainties in the total background. The bottom panel of each plot shows the ratiobetween the data and the post-fit background prediction.respectively, except that they require events to have 200 < EmissT /GeV < 220 and BDT scoresabove 0.4 to be orthogonal but still kinematically similar to the SR. The inclusive yield NSRof multijet events in the SR, i.e. integrated over all SR bins, is then computed asNSR =NdataCR-C −NMCCR-CNdataCR-B −NMCCR-B(NdataCR-A −NMCCR-A), (6.1)where e.g. NdataCR-C represents the observed data yield in CR-C. Contributions from otherSM processes to all three CRs are estimated with MC and subtracted from the data yields,denoted by e.g. NMCCR-C. A minor dependence of the V + jets normalisation with respectto min(∆ϕ(j,pmissT))was found, thus predictions from V + jets are scaled using dedicatedone- and two-lepton CRs for which min(∆ϕ(j,pmissT))< 0.4 before performing the MCsubtraction. Except for the lepton requirements, these CRs are otherwise identical to CR-– 11 –JHEP12(2024)116A/B. The obtained multijet predictions in CR-A are binned as a function of the BDTscore, using identical binning as in the SR. These vary smoothly as a function of theBDT score, dropping to near zero for BDT scores above 0.84. To mitigate the impact ofstatistical fluctuations, a χ2-based fit is performed on the binned multijet estimates usingthe BDT score as a dependent variable. Several functions were tested to fit the spectrumwhere a parameterisation via a five-parameter ‘Gaussian + linear’ function yielded the bestresults. The final multijet estimates are then taken as the values of the fitted function atthe centres of each bin. Tests of this procedure in a region similar to the SR but requiring220 < EmissT /GeV < 250 show that this data-driven estimate significantly improves thecomparison between predictions and data relative to multijet estimates taken from MC wherethe latter also suffer from large statistical fluctuations.7 Systematic uncertaintiesPredictions of the BDT score distribution in the signal regions are affected by systematicuncertainties, which are due to both experimental effects and MC generator uncertainties.The V + jets backgrounds are normalised in dedicated control regions such that systematicuncertainties in those backgrounds only affect the extrapolation of the V + jets predictionsfrom the control regions to the signal regions. A summary of all systematic effects is shownin figure 4.The trigger, reconstruction, identification and isolation efficiencies for electrons [87] andmuons [94], as well as the momentum resolution and scale, primarily affect the signal regionthrough CR−W and CR−Z. The uncertainty in the muon reconstruction efficiency wasfound to be the largest experimental effect on the background yield in the SR as it restrictshow precisely the normalisation of the V + jets backgrounds can be determined.Other sources of experimental systematic uncertainties are the jet energy scale andresolution [95]. The systematic uncertainties related to the modelling of EmissT in the simulationare estimated by propagating the uncertainties in the energy and momentum scale of each ofthe objects entering the calculation, as well as the uncertainties in the soft-term resolutionand scale [90].Several uncertainties arise from MC generator modelling of SM backgrounds. Theuncertainties related to the choice of the QCD renormalisation and factorisation scales areassessed by varying the corresponding generator parameters in the matrix element and partonshower up and down by a factor of two around their nominal values, removing combinationswhere the variations differ by a factor of four. The resulting yield variations for V + jets areapproximately 20% for both strong and electroweak V + jets samples before normalisationin the control regions, except for strong V + jets in the 2j regions where variations rangefrom 25% to 45%. An additional uncertainty arises from the scheme, which can be additive,multiplicative, or exponential, used to evaluate NLO electroweak corrections for the strongV + jets backgrounds. The uncertainty in this choice is calculated as the difference inpredictions between the scheme that is closest to the nominal and that which deviates mostfrom nominal. The uncertainties associated with the choice of PDF set, NNPDF [59, 67, 96],and the uncertainty in the strong coupling constant, αs, used in the PDF evaluation are alsoincluded. These modelling uncertainties are treated as uncorrelated between the W + jets andZ + jets backgrounds as well as between their strong and electroweak contributions. To take– 12 –JHEP12(2024)1160.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0BDT Score024681012Relative Uncertainty [%]2jSR3j≥SRATLAS-1=13 TeV, 140 fbsTotalNormalisationBackground ModellingExperimentalMC StatisticsFigure 4. The relative systematic uncertainties in the BDT score distribution for background afterthe exclusion fit. The ‘Normalisation’ uncertainty arises from the use of CRs to normalise W + jetsand Z + jets, while ‘Background Modelling’ includes the different sources of theoretical modellinguncertainties in the distribution of BDT scores, as well as the uncertainties in the data-driven multijetbackground estimate. The uncertainties associated with the measurement of the integrated luminosityas well as the reconstruction and selection of signal leptons, jets and EmissT are included under the‘Experimental’ category. The ‘MC Statistics’ uncertainty originates from the limited size of the MCsamples used to model the irreducible background contributions. The individual uncertainties can becorrelated and do not necessarily add up in quadrature to the total uncertainty.into account imperfect modelling of the minor backgrounds such as top-quark production,a normalisation uncertainty of 30% is added to these in the SRs. The impact of thesenormalisation uncertainties were found to be below 2% on the final results.Theoretical uncertainties in the signal predictions include uncertainties in the cross-section and shape uncertainties due to the renormalisation and factorisation scales, choiceof PDF set and parton showering. The total cross-section uncertainty was found to be ofaround 10% and 25% for pure-electroweak and mixed electroweak-QCD production modesat electroweakino mass of 100 GeV, respectively.Several sources of uncertainty are considered for the multijet background estimate andimplemented as individual nuisance parameters. Validation regions with 220 < EmissT /GeV <250, i.e. adjacent to CR-A, CR-B, CR-C and CR-D, are used to estimate an uncertainty inthe extrapolation from the CR to the SR phase space that is performed in the estimation.The fitted parameters of the Gaussian + linear fit to the BDT distribution in CR-A arevaried within their 1σ confidence intervals to generate alternative estimates of the multijetbackground; the variation leading to the largest deviation of the multijet prediction is usedto define the fit uncertainty. The impacts of uncertainties on leptons, jets, and EmissT as– 13 –JHEP12(2024)116Region CR−W CR−Z2j 0.800 ± 0.007 0.829 ± 0.018≥3j 0.986 ± 0.013 1.046 ± 0.019Table 2. Normalisation factors for W + jets and Z + jets MC samples derived from one- andtwo-lepton control regions. The uncertainties include both statistical and systematic contributions.well as theoretical uncertainties in the MC predictions in CR-A, CR-B, CR-C, and CR-Dare also considered. As CR-B and CR-C are located within a EmissT regime where the EmissTtrigger might not be fully efficient yet dependent on the event topology, a 5% uncertainty isconsidered to cover any potential mismodelling of the trigger efficiency in MC simulation.The total pre-fit uncertainty in the multijet background estimate is found to be around100% in the inclusive SR2j and SR≥3j.As seen in figure 4, there is no clear dominant source of systematic uncertainty amongany of the SR bins; rather, all sources contribute roughly equally to the total uncertaintyin the background estimates.8 ResultsData in the CRs, VRs and SRs are compared with SM predictions using a profile likelihoodmethod [97] implemented in the HistFitter package [98]. Systematic uncertainties aretreated as nuisance parameters with Gaussian constraints in the likelihood, where experimentalsystematic uncertainties are correlated between signal and backgrounds for all regions.A background-only fit is performed using only CR−W and CR−Z to constrainthe normalisation parameters of the W + jets and Z + jets backgrounds. The resultingnormalisation parameters are shown in table 2. With these normalisation parameters applied,the background prediction is checked in VR−W , VR−Z and VR-0L, as shown in figures 5and 6, respectively. All VRs are shown separately in the 2j and ≥3j channels. Overall, thepredictions agree well with the observed data within the systematic uncertainties, confirmingthe applicability of the derived V + jets normalisations at large BDT scores and to zero-leptonevents. The second bin of VR−W2j shows a small excess that is slightly below the 2σ level,which is interpreted as a statistical fluctuation of the data. Overall, the deviations between thebackground predictions and the observed yields in all VRs are within two standard deviations.To test for the presence of excesses, the background-only fit is extended to include asingle-bin signal region consisting of events in either SR2j and SR≥3j with BDT scores greaterthan 0.88. An independent fit is performed in each single-bin region containing a signalmodel with an unconstrained normalisation parameter to estimate the contributions of anyphenomena beyond those predicted by the SM. Each region is fit simultaneously with thecontrol regions, which are assumed to contain no signal. To quantify the probability underthe background-only hypothesis to produce event yields greater than or equal to the observeddata, p-values are calculated for each single-bin region. The results of the two fits are shownin table 3. The lowest p-value is observed in the ≥3j region, corresponding to a significance ofless than 1σ. The CLs prescription [99] is used to perform a hypothesis test that sets upperlimits at the 95% confidence level (CL) on the observed (expected) number of signal eventsS95obs (exp) in each single-bin region. Dividing S95obs by the integrated luminosity defines the– 14 –JHEP12(2024)116110210310410510610EventsData Total Bkg W+jets, EWK W+jets, QCD OtherZ+jets, QCD Z+jets, EWKATLAS-1=13 TeV, 140 fbs2jVR-WPost-Fit0.84 0.86 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1BDT Score0.80.911.11.2Data / Bkg (a)110210310410510610EventsData Total Bkg W+jets, QCD W+jets, EWK OtherZ+jets, QCD Z+jets, EWKATLAS-1=13 TeV, 140 fbs3j≥VR-WPost-Fit0.84 0.86 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1BDT Score0.80.911.11.2Data / Bkg (b)110210310410EventsData Total Bkg Z+jets, QCD Z+jets, EWK OtherATLAS-1=13 TeV, 140 fbs2jVR-ZPost-Fit0.84 0.86 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1BDT Score0.80.911.11.2Data / Bkg (c)110210310410EventsData Total Bkg Z+jets, QCD Z+jets, EWK OtherATLAS-1=13 TeV, 140 fbs3j≥VR-ZPost-Fit0.84 0.86 0.88 0.9 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 1BDT Score0.80.911.11.2Data / Bkg (d)Figure 5. Observed and predicted background distributions of the BDT score in (a) VR−W2j, (b)VR−W≥3j, (c) VR−Z2j, and (d) VR−Z≥3j validation regions shown after the control region fit. The‘Other’ category contains rare backgrounds from diboson, triboson and top-quark production processes.The hatched band represents the post-fit experimental, theoretical, and statistical uncertainties in thetotal background. The bottom panel of each plot shows the ratio between the data and the post-fitbackground prediction.upper limits on the visible cross-sections ⟨ϵσ⟩95obs. Generic non-SM processes that predict morethan 13 (25) events in SR2j (SR≥3j) with BDT scores greater than 0.88 are excluded at 95%CL, with corresponding upper limits on their visible cross-sections set at 0.09 fb (0.18 fb).In the absence of significant excesses in these bins, a fit configuration, referred to as theexclusion fit, is formed by extending the background-only fit to include all of the BDT scorebins within SR2j and SR≥3j. Figure 7 shows the distributions of BDT scores in the signalregions after a fit using this configuration under the assumption that the only contributionsare due to SM processes. The corresponding event yields in each SR bin are broken down byprocess in tables 4 and 5. The extracted normalisation factors for the V + jets backgroundsin this fit are found to agree within uncertainties with those from the background-only fitthat only includes the CRs as constraining regions. Again, no significant excess of eventsis observed above the SM predictions.– 15 –JHEP12(2024)116110210310410510610710EventsData Total Bkg Z+jets, QCD W+jets, QCD Z+jets, EWKW+jets, EWK Other MultijetATLAS-1=13 TeV, 140 fbs2jVRPost-Fit0.4 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.5 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.6BDT Score0.80.911.11.2Data / Bkg (a)110210310410510610710EventsData Total Bkg Z+jets, QCD W+jets, QCD MultijetOther Z+jets, EWK W+jets, EWKATLAS-1=13 TeV, 140 fbs3j≥VRPost-Fit0.4 0.42 0.44 0.46 0.48 0.5 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.6BDT Score0.80.911.11.2Data / Bkg (b)Figure 6. Observed and predicted background distributions of the BDT score in (a) VR−0L2j and (b)VR−0L≥3j low-BDT validation regions, using data-driven estimates for the multijet background. The‘Other’ category contains rare backgrounds from diboson, triboson and top-quark production processes.The hatched band represents the post-fit experimental, theoretical, and statistical uncertainties in thetotal background. The bottom panel of each plot shows the ratio between the data and the post-fitbackground prediction.Single-Bin Region Nobs Nexp ⟨ϵσ⟩95obs [fb] S95obs S95exp p(s = 0)SR2j 50 55.9 ± 3.7 0.09 13 18+7−5 0.50SR≥3j 44 39.8 ± 4.3 0.18 25 19+9−6 0.19Table 3. Results of the fits in the single-bin signal regions. Left to right: the first column indicatesthe single-bin SRs under study. The next two columns present observed and expected event yieldsin the single-bin regions, Nobs and Nexp. The latter are obtained after the control-region fit, andthe errors include both the statistical and systematic uncertainties. The next two columns show theobserved 95% CL upper limits on the visible cross-section, ⟨ϵσ⟩95obs, and on the number of signal events,S95obs. The next column shows the 95% CL upper limit on the number of signal events, S95exp, given theexpected number (and ±1σ deviations from the expectation) of background events. The last columnindicates the discovery p-value, p(s = 0).BDT Score [0.60, 0.64) [0.64, 0.68) [0.68, 0.72) [0.72, 0.76) [0.76, 0.80) [0.80, 0.84) [0.84, 0.88) [0.88, 1.0]Observed events 3712 2774 1946 1441 1054 729 326 50Fitted SM events 3590± 40 2806± 32 1953± 24 1490 ± 20 1100 ± 17 774 ± 13 347 ± 9 54.4± 2.5Z + jets, QCD 2104± 34 1648± 28 1117± 22 826 ± 15 576 ± 12 387 ± 10 145 ± 6 16.8± 1.1W + jets, QCD 993± 30 691± 23 422± 18 292 ± 11 190 ± 10 108 ± 7 36.6± 3.4 3.7± 0.7Z + jets, EWK 322± 8 307± 6 273± 5 249 ± 5 224 ± 6 192 ± 6 117 ± 5 25.4± 1.9W + jets, EWK 139± 3 131± 3 117± 3 109 ± 3 98 ± 3 79 ± 3 45 ± 2 8.1± 0.6Other 30± 7 28± 7 23± 5 14.0± 3.2 12.3± 3.0 7.2± 1.6 2.8± 0.7 0.4± 0.1Multijet 0.5+1.6−0.5 0.6+1.9−0.6 0.6+1.8−0.6 0.5+1.4−0.5 0.3+1.0−0.3 0.2+0.5−0.2 < 0.1 < 0.1Table 4. Observed event yields and fit results for SR2j using the exclusion fit. The category ‘Other’contains rare backgrounds from diboson, triboson, and top-quark production processes. Uncertaintiesin the fitted background estimates combine statistical and systematic uncertainties.– 16 –JHEP12(2024)116BDT Score [0.60, 0.64) [0.64, 0.68) [0.68, 0.72) [0.72, 0.76) [0.76, 0.80) [0.80, 0.84) [0.84, 0.88) [0.88, 1.0]Observed events 5504 4295 3068 2358 1611 936 398 44Fitted SM events 5530± 60 4310± 50 3120± 40 2344 ± 34 1570 ± 25 904 ± 18 358 ± 10 36.6± 2.6Z + jets, QCD 3530± 80 2740± 60 1980± 40 1481 ± 33 974 ± 24 564 ± 18 202 ± 10 21.3± 2.1W + jets, QCD 1390± 60 1050± 40 708± 29 503 ± 21 310 ± 17 138 ± 8 55 ± 5 3.6± 0.7Z + jets, EWK 249± 5 226± 4 204± 5 177 ± 4 154 ± 4 121 ± 4 68 ± 3 6.7± 0.8W + jets, EWK 129± 5 111± 4 93± 3 77 ± 2 56 ± 2 42 ± 2 19 ± 1 2.9± 0.4Other 220± 50 170± 40 131± 30 103 ± 24 74 ± 18 40 ± 10 14 ± 4 2.0± 0.5Multijet 10+50−10 10+31−10 6+19−6 3+10−3 1+4−1 0.3+1.1−0.3 < 0.1 0.1+0.4−0.1Table 5. Observed event yields and fit results for SR≥3j using the exclusion fit. The category ‘Other’contains rare backgrounds from diboson, triboson, and top-quark production processes. Uncertaintiesin the fitted background estimates combine statistical and systematic uncertainties.The CLs prescription in conjunction with the exclusion fit configuration is also used toperform hypothesis tests of specific SUSY scenarios to set limits on the class of simplifiedmodels used to optimise the search. Exclusions at 95% CL are presented in a two-dimensionalplane with the horizontal axis given by the mass of the χ˜02, and the vertical axis defined bythe difference in mass between the χ˜02 and χ˜01, and are shown in figure 8. The presentedmass limits are restricted to ∆m(χ˜02/χ˜±1 , χ˜01) ≥ 0.2 GeV to match the smallest available masssplittings in the simulated signal samples. Since the analysis strategy does not depend onthe reconstruction of the χ˜02/χ˜±1 decay products, the results are expected to remain valid formass splittings below 0.2 GeV as well, assuming that the potentially long lifetime of the χ˜±1does not degrade the signal acceptance. The observed limit on χ˜02 masses for mass splittingsbelow 1 GeV is approximately 117 GeV, depending only slightly on the mass splitting. Thisis greater than the expected limit of between 100 and 104 GeV for the same ∆m(χ˜02/χ˜±1 , χ˜01)range due to the mild deficit of observed events in the high BDT score bins of SR2j. The SR2jbehavior is partially mitigated by the opposite trend in SR≥3j, where the high BDT scorebins show an excess. The use of separate normalisation factors for V + jets backgrounds inthe 2j and ≥3j channels reduces the correlation between the two signal regions, allowing bothchannels to influence the limits through their sensitivity to the benchmark signal models.– 17 –JHEP12(2024)116110210310410510610710EventsData Total Bkg SignalZ+jets, QCD W+jets, QCD Z+jets, EWKW+jets, EWK Other MultijetATLAS-1=13 TeV, 140 fbs2jSRPost-Fit0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1BDT Score0.80.911.11.2Data / Bkg (a)110210310410510610710EventsData Total Bkg SignalZ+jets, QCD W+jets, QCD Z+jets, EWKOther W+jets, EWK MultijetATLAS-1=13 TeV, 140 fbs3j≥SRPost-Fit0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1BDT Score0.80.911.11.2Data / Bkg (b)Figure 7. Observed and predicted background distributions of the BDT score in (a) SR2j and (b)SR≥3j after the exclusion fit. The nominal, pre-fit prediction of an example benchmark signal with(m(χ˜02/χ˜±1 ),m(χ˜01)) = (100, 99) GeV is shown in red. The ‘Other’ category contains rare backgroundsfrom diboson, triboson and top-quark production processes. The hatched band represents the post-fitexperimental, theoretical, and statistical uncertainties in the total background. The bottom panel ofeach plot shows the ratio between the data and the post-fit background prediction.Figure 8. Expected (dashed black line) and observed (solid red line) 95% CL exclusion limits on thecompressed SUSY simplified model with a bino-like LSP and wino-like NLSPs being considered. Theseare shown with ±1σexp (yellow band) from experimental systematic and statistical uncertainties, andwith ±1σSUSYtheory (red dotted lines) from signal cross-section uncertainties, respectively. The limits setby the ATLAS searches using the soft lepton [44, 100] signature is illustrated by the blue region whilethe limit imposed by the LEP experiments [101] is shown in grey.– 18 –JHEP12(2024)1169 ConclusionA search for beyond the SM physics is performed using events consistent with the productionof invisible particles via VBF processes using√s = 13 TeV pp collision data corresponding toan integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1 recorded by the ATLAS detector CERN’s LHC. Theevents are required to contain at least two jets with a large separation in pseudorapidity anddijet invariant mass, large missing transverse momentum, and no reconstructed leptons. Theevents are further classified into two categories that require exactly two or at least threereconstructed jets. Discrimination between SM backgrounds and signal is enhanced by theuse of a BDT that is trained on a simplified SUSY model in which a pair of mass-degenerate,wino-like charginos and neutralinos is produced in association with jets before decaying into aclose-in-mass (∆m(χ˜02/χ˜±1 , χ˜01) 1 GeV) bino-like neutralino LSP and soft SM particles. Thisstrategy provides unique sensitivity to compressed SUSY scenarios where existing searchesrelying on soft-lepton signatures become insensitive due to limitations in the reconstructionthresholds for leptons. Unlike those searches, the final state targeted here also allows thissearch to remain agnostic to the branching ratios of the χ˜02/χ˜±1 decays. The data are foundto be consistent with the SM predictions and upper limits are set at 95% CL on the visiblecross-section of generic, non-SM processes in the targeted phase space and on the charginoand neutralino masses in a simplified SUSY model featuring wino-like χ˜02/χ˜±1 states that arenearly degenerate in mass with the bino-like χ˜01. Including the effects of interference thatimpact the total signal cross-section and kinematics, a lower limit of 117 GeV is set on thewino-like χ˜02 and χ˜±1 masses when they are within 1 GeV of the bino-like χ˜01 mass, surpassingpreviously constraints from the LEP experiment by up to approximately 25 GeV.AcknowledgmentsWe thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC and its injectors, as wellas the support staff at CERN and at our institutions worldwide without whom ATLAScould not be operated efficiently.The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, inparticular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF/SFU (Canada), NDGF(Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF(Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), RAL (U.K.) and BNL (U.S.A.), the Tier-2 facilitiesworldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computingresources are listed in ref. [102].We gratefully acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC,Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil;NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China;Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS and CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany;GSRI, Greece; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN,Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway;MNiSW, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MSTDI, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia;ARIS and MVZI, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICIU/AEI, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg– 19 –JHEP12(2024)116Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSTC,Taipei; TENMAK, Türkiye; STFC/UKRI, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United Statesof America.Individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, CRCand DRAC, Canada; CERN-CZ, FORTE and PRIMUS, Czech Republic; COST, ERC, ERDF,Horizon 2020, ICSC-NextGenerationEU and Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, EuropeanUnion; Investissements d’Avenir Labex, Investissements d’Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFGand AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed byEU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and MINERVA, Israel; NCN and NAWA,Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya andPROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Göran GustafssonsStiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom.In addition, individual members wish to acknowledge support from Armenia: YerevanPhysics Institute (FAPERJ); CERN: European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERNPJAS); Chile: Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (FONDECYT 1230812,FONDECYT 1230987, FONDECYT 1240864); China: Chinese Ministry of Science andTechnology (MOST-2023YFA1605700), National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC — 12175119, NSFC 12275265, NSFC-12075060); Czech Republic: Czech ScienceFoundation (GACR — 24-11373S), Ministry of Education Youth and Sports (FORTECZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004632), PRIMUS Research Programme (PRIMUS/21/SCI/017);EU: H2020 European Research Council (ERC — 101002463); European Union: EuropeanResearch Council (ERC — 948254, ERC 101089007), European Union, Future ArtificialIntelligence Research (FAIR-NextGenerationEU PE00000013), Italian Center for HighPerformance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing (ICSC, NextGenerationEU);France: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-20-CE31-0013, ANR-21-CE31-0013, ANR-21-CE31-0022, ANR-22-EDIR-0002); Germany: Baden-Württemberg Stiftung (BW Stiftung-Postdoc Eliteprogramme), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG — 469666862, DFG— CR 312/5-2); Italy: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (ICSC, NextGenerationEU),Ministero dell’Università e della Ricerca (PRIN — 20223N7F8K — PNRR M4.C2.1.1);Japan: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS KAKENHI JP22H01227, JSPSKAKENHI JP22H04944, JSPS KAKENHI JP22KK0227, JSPS KAKENHI JP23KK0245);Netherlands: Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO Veni 2020 —VI.Veni.202.179); Norway: Research Council of Norway (RCN-314472); Poland: Ministryof Science and Higher Education (IDUB AGH, POB8, D4 no 9722), Polish NationalAgency for Academic Exchange (PPN/PPO/2020/1/00002/U/00001), Polish National ScienceCentre (NCN 2021/42/E/ST2/00350, NCN OPUS 2023/51/B/ST2/02507, NCN OPUS nr2022/47/B/ST2/03059, NCN UMO-2019/34/E/ST2/00393, NCN & H2020 MSCA 945339,UMO-2020/37/B/ST2/01043, UMO-2021/40/C/ST2/00187, UMO-2022/47/O/ST2/00148,UMO-2023/49/B/ST2/04085, UMO-2023/51/B/ST2/00920); Slovenia: Slovenian ResearchAgency (ARIS grant J1-3010); Spain: Generalitat Valenciana (Artemisa, FEDER,IDIFEDER/2018/048), Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN & NextGenEU PCI2022-135018-2, MICIN & FEDER PID2021-125273NB, RYC2019-028510-I, RYC2020-030254-I,RYC2021-031273-I, RYC2022-038164-I); Sweden: Carl Trygger Foundation (Carl Trygger– 20 –JHEP12(2024)116Foundation CTS 22:2312), Swedish Research Council (Swedish Research Council 2023-04654, VR 2018-00482, VR 2022-03845, VR 2022-04683, VR 2023-03403, VR grant 2021-03651), Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW 2018.0458, KAW 2019.0447, KAW2022.0358); Switzerland: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF — PCEFP2_194658);United Kingdom: Leverhulme Trust (Leverhulme Trust RPG-2020-004), Royal Society(NIF-R1-231091); United States of America: U.S. Department of Energy (ECA DE-AC02-76SF00515), Neubauer Family Foundation.Data Availability Statement. 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Aboelela 46, A. Aboulhorma 36e, H. Abramowicz 156,H. Abreu 155, Y. Abulaiti 121, B.S. Acharya 71a,71b,l, A. Ackermann 65a,C. Adam Bourdarios 4, L. Adamczyk 88a, S.V. Addepalli 148, M.J. Addison 104,J. Adelman 119, A. Adiguzel 22c, T. Adye 138, A.A. Affolder 140, Y. Afik 41, M.N. Agaras 13,A. Aggarwal 103, C. Agheorghiesei 28c, F. Ahmadov 40,z, S. Ahuja 98, X. Ai 64e,G. Aielli 78a,78b, A. Aikot 168, M. Ait Tamlihat 36e, B. Aitbenchikh 36a, M. Akbiyik 103,T.P.A. Åkesson 101, A.V. Akimov 150, D. Akiyama 173, N.N. Akolkar 25, S. Aktas 22a,K. Al Khoury 43, G.L. Alberghi 24b, J. Albert 170, P. Albicocco 55, G.L. Albouy 62,S. Alderweireldt 54, Z.L. Alegria 125, M. Aleksa 37, I.N. Aleksandrov 40, C. Alexa 28b,T. Alexopoulos 10, F. Alfonsi 24b, M. Algren 58, M. Alhroob 172, B. Ali 136, H.M.J. Ali 94,t,S. Ali 32, S.W. Alibocus 95, M. Aliev 34c, G. Alimonti 73a, W. Alkakhi 57, C. Allaire 68,B.M.M. Allbrooke 151, J.S. Allen 104, J.F. Allen 54, C.A. Allendes Flores 141f , P.P. Allport 21,A. Aloisio 74a,74b, F. Alonso 93, C. Alpigiani 143, Z.M.K. Alsolami 94, M. Alvarez Estevez 102,A. Alvarez Fernandez 103, M. Alves Cardoso 58, M.G. Alviggi 74a,74b, M. Aly 104,Y. Amaral Coutinho 85b, A. Ambler 107, C. Amelung37, M. Amerl 104, C.G. Ames 112,D. Amidei 109, B. Amini 56, K.J. Amirie 159, S.P. Amor Dos Santos 134a, K.R. Amos 168,D. Amperiadou 157, S. An86, V. Ananiev 129, C. Anastopoulos 144, T. Andeen 11,J.K. Anders 37, A.C. Anderson 61, S.Y. Andrean 49a,49b, A. Andreazza 73a,73b,S. Angelidakis 9, A. Angerami 43, A.V. Anisenkov 39, A. Annovi 76a, C. Antel 58,E. Antipov 150, M. Antonelli 55, F. Anulli 77a, M. Aoki 86, T. Aoki 158, M.A. Aparo 151,L. Aperio Bella 50, C. Appelt 156, A. Apyan 27, S.J. Arbiol Val 89, C. Arcangeletti 55,A.T.H. Arce 53, J-F. Arguin 111, S. Argyropoulos 157, J.-H. Arling 50, O. Arnaez 4,H. Arnold 150, G. Artoni 77a,77b, H. Asada 114, K. Asai 122, S. Asai 158, N.A. Asbah 37,R.A. Ashby Pickering 172, K. Assamagan 30, R. Astalos 29a, K.S.V. Astrand 101, S. Atashi 163,R.J. Atkin 34a, H. Atmani36f , P.A. Atmasiddha 132, K. Augsten 136, A.D. Auriol 21,V.A. Austrup 104, G. Avolio 37, K. Axiotis 58, G. Azuelos 111,ad, D. Babal 29b,H. Bachacou 139, K. Bachas 157,p, A. Bachiu 35, E. Bachmann 52, A. Badea 41,T.M. Baer 109, P. Bagnaia 77a,77b, M. Bahmani 19, D. Bahner 56, K. Bai 127, J.T. Baines 138,L. Baines 97, O.K. Baker 177, E. Bakos 16, D. Bakshi Gupta 8, L.E. Balabram Filho 85b,V. Balakrishnan 124, R. Balasubramanian 4, E.M. Baldin 39, P. Balek 88a, E. Ballabene 24b,24a,F. Balli 139, L.M. Baltes 65a, W.K. Balunas 33, J. Balz 103, I. Bamwidhi 120b, E. Banas 89,M. Bandieramonte 133, A. Bandyopadhyay 25, S. Bansal 25, L. Barak 156, M. Barakat 50,E.L. Barberio 108, D. Barberis 59b,59a, M. Barbero 105, M.Z. Barel 118, T. Barillari 113,M-S. Barisits 37, T. Barklow 148, P. Baron 126, D.A. Baron Moreno 104, A. Baroncelli 64a,A.J. Barr 130, J.D. Barr 99, F. Barreiro 102, J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa 14,M.G. Barros Teixeira 134a, S. Barsov 39, F. Bartels 65a, R. Bartoldus 148, A.E. Barton 94,P. Bartos 29a, A. Basan 103, M. Baselga 51, A. Bassalat 68,b, M.J. Basso 160a, S. Bataju 46,R. Bate 169, R.L. Bates 61, S. Batlamous102, B. Batool 146, M. Battaglia 140, D. Battulga 19,M. Bauce 77a,77b, M. Bauer 81, P. Bauer 25, L.T. Bazzano Hurrell 31, J.B. Beacham 53,T. Beau 131, J.Y. Beaucamp 93, P.H. Beauchemin 162, P. Bechtle 25, H.P. Beck 20,o,K. Becker 172, A.J. Beddall 84, V.A. Bednyakov 40, C.P. Bee 150, L.J. Beemster 16,– 28 –JHEP12(2024)116T.A. Beermann 37, M. Begalli 85d, M. Begel 30, A. Behera 150, J.K. Behr 50, J.F. Beirer 37,F. Beisiegel 25, M. Belfkir 120b, G. Bella 156, L. Bellagamba 24b, A. Bellerive 35, P. Bellos 21,K. Beloborodov 39, D. Benchekroun 36a, F. Bendebba 36a, Y. Benhammou 156,K.C. Benkendorfer 63, L. Beresford 50, M. Beretta 55, E. Bergeaas Kuutmann 166, N. Berger 4,B. Bergmann 136, J. Beringer 18a, G. Bernardi 5, C. Bernius 148, F.U. Bernlochner 25,F. Bernon 37, A. Berrocal Guardia 13, T. Berry 98, P. Berta 137, A. Berthold 52,S. Bethke 113, A. Betti 77a,77b, A.J. Bevan 97, N.K. Bhalla 56, S. Bhatta 150,D.S. Bhattacharya 171, P. Bhattarai 148, Z.M. Bhatti 121, K.D. Bhide 56, V.S. Bhopatkar 125,R.M. Bianchi 133, G. Bianco 24b,24a, O. Biebel 112, M. Biglietti 79a, C.S. Billingsley46,Y. Bimgdi 36f , M. Bindi 57, A. Bingham 176, A. Bingul 22b, C. Bini 77a,77b, G.A. Bird 33,M. Birman 174, M. Biros 137, S. Biryukov 151, T. Bisanz 51, E. Bisceglie 45b,45a,J.P. Biswal 138, D. Biswas 146, I. Bloch 50, A. Blue 61, U. Blumenschein 97,J. Blumenthal 103, V.S. Bobrovnikov 39, M. Boehler 56, B. Boehm 171, D. Bogavac 37,A.G. Bogdanchikov 39, L.S. Boggia 131, C. Bohm 49a, V. Boisvert 98, P. Bokan 37,T. Bold 88a, M. Bomben 5, M. Bona 97, M. Boonekamp 139, A.G. Borbély 61,I.S. Bordulev 39, G. Borissov 94, D. Bortoletto 130, D. Boscherini 24b, M. Bosman 13,K. Bouaouda 36a, N. Bouchhar 168, L. Boudet 4, J. Boudreau 133, E.V. Bouhova-Thacker 94,D. Boumediene 42, R. Bouquet 59b,59a, A. Boveia 123, J. Boyd 37, D. Boye 30, I.R. Boyko 40,L. Bozianu 58, J. Bracinik 21, N. Brahimi 4, G. Brandt 176, O. Brandt 33, B. Brau 106,J.E. Brau 127, R. Brener 174, L. Brenner 118, R. Brenner 166, S. Bressler 174,G. Brianti 80a,80b, D. Britton 61, D. Britzger 113, I. Brock 25, R. Brock 110, G. Brooijmans 43,A.J. Brooks70, E.M. Brooks 160b, E. Brost 30, L.M. Brown 170, L.E. Bruce 63,T.L. Bruckler 130, P.A. Bruckman de Renstrom 89, B. Brüers 50, A. Bruni 24b, G. Bruni 24b,D. Brunner 49a,49b, M. Bruschi 24b, N. Bruscino 77a,77b, T. Buanes 17, Q. Buat 143,D. Buchin 113, A.G. Buckley 61, O. Bulekov 39, B.A. Bullard 148, S. Burdin 95,C.D. Burgard 51, A.M. Burger 37, B. Burghgrave 8, O. Burlayenko 56, J. Burleson 167,J.T.P. Burr 33, J.C. Burzynski 147, E.L. Busch 43, V. Büscher 103, P.J. Bussey 61,J.M. Butler 26, C.M. Buttar 61, J.M. Butterworth 99, W. Buttinger 138,C.J. Buxo Vazquez 110, A.R. Buzykaev 39, S. Cabrera Urbán 168, L. Cadamuro 68,D. Caforio 60, H. Cai 133, Y. Cai 14,115c, Y. Cai 115a, V.M.M. Cairo 37, O. Cakir 3a,N. Calace 37, P. Calafiura 18a, G. Calderini 131, P. Calfayan 35, G. Callea 61, L.P. Caloba85b,D. Calvet 42, S. Calvet 42, R. Camacho Toro 131, S. Camarda 37, D. Camarero Munoz 27,P. Camarri 78a,78b, M.T. Camerlingo 74a,74b, D. Cameron 37, C. Camincher 170,M. Campanelli 99, A. Camplani 44, V. Canale 74a,74b, A.C. Canbay 3a, E. Canonero 98,J. Cantero 168, Y. Cao 167, F. Capocasa 27, M. Capua 45b,45a, A. Carbone 73a,73b,R. Cardarelli 78a, J.C.J. Cardenas 8, M.P. Cardiff 27, G. Carducci 45b,45a, T. Carli 37,G. Carlino 74a, J.I. Carlotto 13, B.T. Carlson 133,q, E.M. Carlson 170,160a, J. Carmignani 95,L. Carminati 73a,73b, A. Carnelli 139, M. Carnesale 37, S. Caron 117, E. Carquin 141f ,I.B. Carr 108, S. Carrá 73a, G. Carratta 24b,24a, A.M. Carroll 127, M.P. Casado 13,i,M. Caspar 50, F.L. Castillo 4, L. Castillo Garcia 13, V. Castillo Gimenez 168,N.F. Castro 134a,134e, A. Catinaccio 37, J.R. Catmore 129, T. Cavaliere 4, V. Cavaliere 30,L.J. Caviedes Betancourt 23b, Y.C. Cekmecelioglu 50, E. Celebi 84, S. Cella 37, V. Cepaitis 58,K. Cerny 126, A.S. Cerqueira 85a, A. Cerri 151, L. Cerrito 78a,78b, F. Cerutti 18a,– 29 –JHEP12(2024)116B. Cervato 146, A. Cervelli 24b, G. Cesarini 55, S.A. Cetin 84, P.M. Chabrillat 131,D. Chakraborty 119, J. Chan 18a, W.Y. Chan 158, J.D. Chapman 33, E. Chapon 139,B. Chargeishvili 154b, D.G. Charlton 21, M. Chatterjee 20, C. Chauhan 137, Y. Che 115a,S. Chekanov 6, S.V. Chekulaev 160a, G.A. Chelkov 40,a, A. Chen 109, B. Chen 156,B. Chen 170, H. Chen 115a, H. Chen 30, J. Chen 64c, J. Chen 147, M. Chen 130, S. Chen 90,S.J. Chen 115a, X. Chen 64c, X. Chen 15,ac, Y. Chen 64a, C.L. Cheng 175, H.C. Cheng 66a,S. Cheong 148, A. Cheplakov 40, E. Cheremushkina 50, E. Cherepanova 118,R. Cherkaoui El Moursli 36e, E. Cheu 7, K. Cheung 67, L. Chevalier 139, V. Chiarella 55,G. Chiarelli 76a, N. Chiedde 105, G. Chiodini 72a, A.S. Chisholm 21, A. Chitan 28b,M. Chitishvili 168, M.V. Chizhov 40,r, K. Choi 11, Y. Chou 143, E.Y.S. Chow 117,K.L. Chu 174, M.C. Chu 66a, X. Chu 14,115c, Z. Chubinidze 55, J. Chudoba 135,J.J. Chwastowski 89, D. Cieri 113, K.M. Ciesla 88a, V. Cindro 96, A. Ciocio 18a,F. Cirotto 74a,74b, Z.H. Citron 174, M. Citterio 73a, D.A. Ciubotaru28b, A. Clark 58,P.J. Clark 54, N. Clarke Hall 99, C. Clarry 159, J.M. Clavijo Columbie 50, S.E. Clawson 50,C. Clement 49a,49b, Y. Coadou 105, M. Cobal 71a,71c, A. Coccaro 59b, R.F. Coelho Barrue 134a,R. Coelho Lopes De Sa 106, S. Coelli 73a, L.S. Colangeli 159, B. Cole 43, J. Collot 62,P. Conde Muiño 134a,134g, M.P. Connell 34c, S.H. Connell 34c, E.I. Conroy 130,F. Conventi 74a,ae, H.G. Cooke 21, A.M. Cooper-Sarkar 130, F.A. Corchia 24b,24a,A. Cordeiro Oudot Choi 131, L.D. Corpe 42, M. Corradi 77a,77b, F. Corriveau 107,y,A. Cortes-Gonzalez 19, M.J. Costa 168, F. Costanza 4, D. Costanzo 144, B.M. Cote 123,J. Couthures 4, G. Cowan 98, K. Cranmer 175, L. Cremer 51, D. Cremonini 24b,24a,S. Crépé-Renaudin 62, F. Crescioli 131, M. Cristinziani 146, M. Cristoforetti 80a,80b,V. Croft 118, J.E. Crosby 125, G. Crosetti 45b,45a, A. Cueto 102, H. Cui 99, Z. Cui 7,W.R. Cunningham 61, F. Curcio 168, J.R. Curran 54, P. Czodrowski 37,M.J. Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa 59b,59a, J.V. Da Fonseca Pinto 85b, C. Da Via 104,W. Dabrowski 88a, T. Dado 37, S. Dahbi 153, T. Dai 109, D. Dal Santo 20, C. Dallapiccola 106,M. Dam 44, G. D’amen 30, V. D’Amico 112, J. Damp 103, J.R. Dandoy 35, D. Dannheim 37,M. Danninger 147, V. Dao 150, G. Darbo 59b, S.J. Das 30, F. Dattola 50, S. D’Auria 73a,73b,A. D’Avanzo 74a,74b, C. David 34a, T. Davidek 137, I. Dawson 97, H.A. Day-hall 136, K. De 8,C. De Almeida Rossi 159, R. De Asmundis 74a, N. De Biase 50, S. De Castro 24b,24a,N. De Groot 117, P. de Jong 118, H. De la Torre 119, A. De Maria 115a, A. De Salvo 77a,U. De Sanctis 78a,78b, F. De Santis 72a,72b, A. De Santo 151, J.B. De Vivie De Regie 62,J. Debevc 96, D.V. Dedovich40, J. Degens 95, A.M. Deiana 46, F. Del Corso 24b,24a,J. Del Peso 102, L. Delagrange 131, F. Deliot 139, C.M. Delitzsch 51, M. Della Pietra 74a,74b,D. Della Volpe 58, A. Dell’Acqua 37, L. Dell’Asta 73a,73b, M. Delmastro 4, C.C. Delogu 103,P.A. Delsart 62, S. Demers 177, M. Demichev 40, S.P. Denisov 39, L. D’Eramo 42,D. Derendarz 89, F. Derue 131, P. Dervan 95, K. Desch 25, C. Deutsch 25,F.A. Di Bello 59b,59a, A. Di Ciaccio 78a,78b, L. Di Ciaccio 4, A. Di Domenico 77a,77b,C. Di Donato 74a,74b, A. Di Girolamo 37, G. Di Gregorio 37, A. Di Luca 80a,80b,B. Di Micco 79a,79b, R. Di Nardo 79a,79b, K.F. Di Petrillo 41, M. Diamantopoulou 35,F.A. Dias 118, T. Dias Do Vale 147, M.A. Diaz 141a,141b, A.R. Didenko 40, M. Didenko 168,E.B. Diehl 109, S. Díez Cornell 50, C. Diez Pardos 146, C. Dimitriadi 166, A. Dimitrievska 21,J. Dingfelder 25, T. Dingley 130, I-M. Dinu 28b, S.J. Dittmeier 65b, F. Dittus 37,– 30 –JHEP12(2024)116M. Divisek 137, B. Dixit 95, F. Djama 105, T. Djobava 154b, C. Doglioni 104,101,A. Dohnalova 29a, Z. Dolezal 137, K. Domijan 88a, K.M. Dona 41, M. Donadelli 85d,B. Dong 110, J. Donini 42, A. D’Onofrio 74a,74b, M. D’Onofrio 95, J. Dopke 138, A. Doria 74a,N. Dos Santos Fernandes 134a, P. Dougan 104, M.T. Dova 93, A.T. Doyle 61, M.A. Draguet 130,M.P. Drescher 57, E. Dreyer 174, I. Drivas-koulouris 10, M. Drnevich 121, M. Drozdova 58,D. Du 64a, T.A. du Pree 118, F. Dubinin 39, M. Dubovsky 29a, E. Duchovni 174,G. Duckeck 112, O.A. Ducu 28b, D. Duda 54, A. Dudarev 37, E.R. Duden 27, M. D’uffizi 104,L. Duflot 68, M. Dührssen 37, I. Duminica 28g, A.E. Dumitriu 28b, M. Dunford 65a,S. Dungs 51, K. Dunne 49a,49b, A. Duperrin 105, H. Duran Yildiz 3a, M. Düren 60,A. Durglishvili 154b, D. Duvnjak 35, B.L. Dwyer 119, G.I. Dyckes 18a, M. Dyndal 88a,B.S. Dziedzic 37, Z.O. Earnshaw 151, G.H. Eberwein 130, B. Eckerova 29a, S. Eggebrecht 57,E. Egidio Purcino De Souza 85e, L.F. Ehrke 58, G. Eigen 17, K. Einsweiler 18a, T. Ekelof 166,P.A. Ekman 101, S. El Farkh 36b, Y. El Ghazali 64a, H. El Jarrari 37, A. El Moussaouy 36a,V. Ellajosyula 166, M. Ellert 166, F. Ellinghaus 176, N. Ellis 37, J. Elmsheuser 30,M. Elsawy 120a, M. Elsing 37, D. Emeliyanov 138, Y. Enari 86, I. Ene 18a, S. Epari 13,P.A. Erland 89, D. Ernani Martins Neto 89, M. Errenst 176, M. Escalier 68, C. Escobar 168,E. Etzion 156, G. Evans 134a,134b, H. Evans 70, L.S. Evans 98, A. Ezhilov 39,S. Ezzarqtouni 36a, F. Fabbri 24b,24a, L. Fabbri 24b,24a, G. Facini 99, V. Fadeyev 140,R.M. Fakhrutdinov 39, D. Fakoudis 103, S. Falciano 77a, L.F. Falda Ulhoa Coelho 134a,F. Fallavollita 113, G. Falsetti 45b,45a, J. Faltova 137, C. Fan 167, K.Y. Fan 66b, Y. Fan 14,Y. Fang 14,115c, M. Fanti 73a,73b, M. Faraj 71a,71b, Z. Farazpay 100, A. Farbin 8, A. Farilla 79a,T. Farooque 110, J.N. Farr 177, S.M. Farrington 138,54, F. Fassi 36e, D. Fassouliotis 9,M. Faucci Giannelli 78a,78b, W.J. Fawcett 33, L. Fayard 68, P. Federic 137, P. Federicova 135,O.L. Fedin 39,a, M. Feickert 175, L. Feligioni 105, D.E. Fellers 127, C. Feng 64b, Z. Feng 118,M.J. Fenton 163, L. Ferencz 50, R.A.M. Ferguson 94, P. Fernandez Martinez 69,M.J.V. Fernoux 105, J. Ferrando 94, A. Ferrari 166, P. Ferrari 118,117, R. Ferrari 75a,D. Ferrere 58, C. Ferretti 109, M.P. Fewell 1, D. Fiacco 77a,77b, F. Fiedler 103, P. Fiedler 136,S. Filimonov 39, A. Filipčič 96, E.K. Filmer 160a, F. Filthaut 117, M.C.N. Fiolhais 134a,134c,c,L. Fiorini 168, W.C. Fisher 110, T. Fitschen 104, P.M. Fitzhugh139, I. Fleck 146,P. Fleischmann 109, T. Flick 176, M. Flores 34d,aa, L.R. Flores Castillo 66a,L. Flores Sanz De Acedo 37, F.M. Follega 80a,80b, N. Fomin 33, J.H. Foo 159, A. Formica 139,A.C. Forti 104, E. Fortin 37, A.W. Fortman 18a, M.G. Foti 18a, L. Fountas 9,j , D. Fournier 68,H. Fox 94, P. Francavilla 76a,76b, S. Francescato 63, S. Franchellucci 58, M. Franchini 24b,24a,S. Franchino 65a, D. Francis37, L. Franco 117, V. Franco Lima 37, L. Franconi 50,M. Franklin 63, G. Frattari 27, Y.Y. Frid 156, J. Friend 61, N. Fritzsche 37, A. Froch 58,D. Froidevaux 37, J.A. Frost 130, Y. Fu 64a, S. Fuenzalida Garrido 141f , M. Fujimoto 105,K.Y. Fung 66a, E. Furtado De Simas Filho 85e, M. Furukawa 158, J. Fuster 168, A. Gaa 57,A. Gabrielli 24b,24a, A. Gabrielli 159, P. Gadow 37, G. Gagliardi 59b,59a, L.G. Gagnon 18a,S. Gaid 165, S. Galantzan 156, J. Gallagher 1, E.J. Gallas 130, A.L. Gallen 166,B.J. Gallop 138, K.K. Gan 123, S. Ganguly 158, Y. Gao 54, F.M. Garay Walls 141a,141b,B. Garcia30, C. García 168, A. Garcia Alonso 118, A.G. Garcia Caffaro 177,J.E. García Navarro 168, M. Garcia-Sciveres 18a, G.L. Gardner 132, R.W. Gardner 41,N. Garelli 162, R.B. Garg 148, J.M. Gargan 54, C.A. Garner159, C.M. Garvey 34a,– 31 –JHEP12(2024)116V.K. Gassmann162, G. Gaudio 75a, V. Gautam13, P. Gauzzi 77a,77b, J. Gavranovic 96,I.L. Gavrilenko 39, A. Gavrilyuk 39, C. Gay 169, G. Gaycken 127, E.N. Gazis 10,A.A. Geanta 28b, A. Gekow123, C. Gemme 59b, M.H. Genest 62, A.D. Gentry 116, S. George 98,W.F. George 21, T. Geralis 48, A.A. Gerwin 124, P. Gessinger-Befurt 37, M.E. Geyik 176,M. Ghani 172, K. Ghorbanian 97, A. Ghosal 146, A. Ghosh 163, A. Ghosh 7, B. Giacobbe 24b,S. Giagu 77a,77b, T. Giani 118, A. Giannini 64a, S.M. Gibson 98, M. Gignac 140, D.T. Gil 88b,A.K. Gilbert 88a, B.J. Gilbert 43, D. Gillberg 35, G. Gilles 118, L. Ginabat 131,D.M. Gingrich 2,ad, M.P. Giordani 71a,71c, P.F. Giraud 139, G. Giugliarelli 71a,71c,D. Giugni 73a, F. Giuli 78a,78b, I. Gkialas 9,j , L.K. Gladilin 39, C. Glasman 102,G.R. Gledhill 127, G. Glemža 50, M. Glisic127, I. Gnesi 45b, Y. Go 30, M. Goblirsch-Kolb 37,B. Gocke 51, D. Godin111, B. Gokturk 22a, S. Goldfarb 108, T. Golling 58, M.G.D. Gololo 34g,D. Golubkov 39, J.P. Gombas 110, A. Gomes 134a,134b, G. Gomes Da Silva 146,A.J. Gomez Delegido 168, R. Gonçalo 134a, L. Gonella 21, A. Gongadze 154c, F. Gonnella 21,J.L. Gonski 148, R.Y. González Andana 54, S. González de la Hoz 168, R. Gonzalez Lopez 95,C. Gonzalez Renteria 18a, M.V. Gonzalez Rodrigues 50, R. Gonzalez Suarez 166,S. Gonzalez-Sevilla 58, L. Goossens 37, B. Gorini 37, E. Gorini 72a,72b, A. Gorišek 96,T.C. Gosart 132, A.T. Goshaw 53, M.I. Gostkin 40, S. Goswami 125, C.A. Gottardo 37,S.A. Gotz 112, M. Gouighri 36b, V. Goumarre 50, A.G. Goussiou 143, N. Govender 34c,R.P. Grabarczyk 130, I. Grabowska-Bold 88a, K. Graham 35, E. Gramstad 129,S. Grancagnolo 72a,72b, C.M. Grant1,139, P.M. Gravila 28f , F.G. Gravili 72a,72b, H.M. Gray 18a,M. Greco 72a,72b, M.J. Green 1, C. Grefe 25, A.S. Grefsrud 17, I.M. Gregor 50, K.T. Greif 163,P. Grenier 148, S.G. Grewe113, A.A. Grillo 140, K. Grimm 32, S. Grinstein 13,u, J.-F. Grivaz 68,E. Gross 174, J. Grosse-Knetter 57, L. Guan 109, J.G.R. Guerrero Rojas 168, G. Guerrieri 37,R. Gugel 103, J.A.M. Guhit 109, A. Guida 19, E. Guilloton 172, S. Guindon 37, F. Guo 14,115c,J. Guo 64c, L. Guo 50, L. Guo 14,ai, Y. Guo 109, A. Gupta 51, R. Gupta 133, S. Gurbuz 25,S.S. Gurdasani 56, G. Gustavino 77a,77b, P. Gutierrez 124, L.F. Gutierrez Zagazeta 132,M. Gutsche 52, C. Gutschow 99, C. Gwenlan 130, C.B. Gwilliam 95, E.S. Haaland 129,A. Haas 121, M. Habedank 61, C. Haber 18a, H.K. Hadavand 8, A. Hadef 52, A.I. Hagan 94,J.J. Hahn 146, E.H. Haines 99, M. Haleem 171, J. Haley 125, G.D. Hallewell 105, L. Halser 20,K. Hamano 170, M. Hamer 25, E.J. Hampshire 98, J. Han 64b, L. Han 115a, L. Han 64a,S. Han 18a, Y.F. Han 159, K. Hanagaki 86, M. Hance 140, D.A. Hangal 43, H. Hanif 147,M.D. Hank 132, J.B. Hansen 44, P.H. Hansen 44, D. Harada 58, T. Harenberg 176,S. Harkusha 178, M.L. Harris 106, Y.T. Harris 25, J. Harrison 13, N.M. Harrison 123,P.F. Harrison172, N.M. Hartman 113, N.M. Hartmann 112, R.Z. Hasan 98,138, Y. Hasegawa 145,F. Haslbeck 130, S. Hassan 17, R. Hauser 110, C.M. Hawkes 21, R.J. Hawkings 37,Y. Hayashi 158, D. Hayden 110, C. Hayes 109, R.L. Hayes 118, C.P. Hays 130, J.M. Hays 97,H.S. Hayward 95, F. He 64a, M. He 14,115c, Y. He 50, Y. He 99, N.B. Heatley 97,V. Hedberg 101, A.L. Heggelund 129, N.D. Hehir 97,∗, C. Heidegger 56, K.K. Heidegger 56,J. Heilman 35, S. Heim 50, T. Heim 18a, J.G. Heinlein 132, J.J. Heinrich 127,L. Heinrich 113,ab, J. Hejbal 135, A. Held 175, S. Hellesund 17, C.M. Helling 169,S. Hellman 49a,49b, R.C.W. Henderson94, L. Henkelmann 33, A.M. Henriques Correia37,H. Herde 101, Y. Hernández Jiménez 150, L.M. Herrmann 25, T. Herrmann 52, G. Herten 56,R. Hertenberger 112, L. Hervas 37, M.E. Hesping 103, N.P. Hessey 160a, J. Hessler 113,– 32 –JHEP12(2024)116M. Hidaoui 36b, N. Hidic 137, E. Hill 159, S.J. Hillier 21, J.R. Hinds 110, F. Hinterkeuser 25,M. Hirose 128, S. Hirose 161, D. Hirschbuehl 176, T.G. Hitchings 104, B. Hiti 96, J. Hobbs 150,R. Hobincu 28e, N. Hod 174, M.C. Hodgkinson 144, B.H. Hodkinson 130, A. Hoecker 37,D.D. Hofer 109, J. Hofer 168, T. Holm 25, M. Holzbock 37, L.B.A.H. Hommels 33,B.P. Honan 104, J.J. Hong 70, J. Hong 64c, T.M. Hong 133, B.H. Hooberman 167,W.H. Hopkins 6, M.C. Hoppesch 167, Y. Horii 114, M.E. Horstmann 113, S. Hou 153,M.R. Housenga 167, A.S. Howard 96, J. Howarth 61, J. Hoya 6, M. Hrabovsky 126,A. Hrynevich 50, T. Hryn’ova 4, P.J. Hsu 67, S.-C. Hsu 143, T. Hsu 68, M. Hu 18a,Q. Hu 64a, S. Huang 33, X. Huang 14,115c, Y. Huang 144, Y. Huang 103, Y. Huang 14,Z. Huang 104, Z. Hubacek 136, M. Huebner 25, F. Huegging 25, T.B. Huffman 130,M. Hufnagel Maranha De Faria85a, C.A. Hugli 50, M. Huhtinen 37, S.K. Huiberts 17,R. Hulsken 107, N. Huseynov 12,g, J. Huston 110, J. Huth 63, R. Hyneman 148,G. Iacobucci 58, G. Iakovidis 30, L. Iconomidou-Fayard 68, J.P. Iddon 37, P. Iengo 74a,74b,R. Iguchi 158, Y. Iiyama 158, T. Iizawa 130, Y. Ikegami 86, D. Iliadis 157, N. Ilic 159,H. Imam 85c, G. Inacio Goncalves 85d, T. Ingebretsen Carlson 49a,49b, J.M. Inglis 97,G. Introzzi 75a,75b, M. Iodice 79a, V. Ippolito 77a,77b, R.K. Irwin 95, M. Ishino 158,W. Islam 175, C. Issever 19, S. Istin 22a,ah, H. Ito 173, R. Iuppa 80a,80b, A. Ivina 174,J.M. Izen 47, V. Izzo 74a, P. Jacka 135, P. Jackson 1, C.S. Jagfeld 112, G. Jain 160a,P. Jain 50, K. Jakobs 56, T. Jakoubek 174, J. Jamieson 61, W. Jang 158, M. Javurkova 106,P. Jawahar 104, L. Jeanty 127, J. Jejelava 154a, P. Jenni 56,f , C.E. Jessiman 35, C. Jia 64b,H. Jia 169, J. Jia 150, X. Jia 14,115c, Z. Jia 115a, C. Jiang 54, S. Jiggins 50,J. Jimenez Pena 13, S. Jin 115a, A. Jinaru 28b, O. Jinnouchi 142, P. Johansson 144,K.A. Johns 7, J.W. Johnson 140, F.A. Jolly 50, D.M. Jones 151, E. Jones 50, K.S. Jones8,P. Jones 33, R.W.L. Jones 94, T.J. Jones 95, H.L. Joos 57,37, R. Joshi 123, J. Jovicevic 16,X. Ju 18a, J.J. Junggeburth 37, T. Junkermann 65a, A. Juste Rozas 13,u, M.K. Juzek 89,S. Kabana 141e, A. Kaczmarska 89, M. Kado 113, H. Kagan 123, M. Kagan 148, A. Kahn 132,C. Kahra 103, T. Kaji 158, E. Kajomovitz 155, N. Kakati 174, I. Kalaitzidou 56,C.W. Kalderon 30, N.J. Kang 140, D. Kar 34g, K. Karava 130, M.J. Kareem 160b,E. Karentzos 25, O. Karkout 118, S.N. Karpov 40, Z.M. Karpova 40, V. Kartvelishvili 94,A.N. Karyukhin 39, E. Kasimi 157, J. Katzy 50, S. Kaur 35, K. Kawade 145, M.P. Kawale 124,C. Kawamoto 90, T. Kawamoto 64a, E.F. Kay 37, F.I. Kaya 162, S. Kazakos 110,V.F. Kazanin 39, Y. Ke 150, J.M. Keaveney 34a, R. Keeler 170, G.V. Kehris 63, J.S. Keller 35,J.J. Kempster 151, O. Kepka 135, J. Kerr 160b, B.P. Kerridge 138, S. Kersten 176,B.P. Kerševan 96, L. Keszeghova 29a, S. Ketabchi Haghighat 159, R.A. Khan 133,A. Khanov 125, A.G. Kharlamov 39, T. Kharlamova 39, E.E. Khoda 143, M. Kholodenko 134a,T.J. Khoo 19, G. Khoriauli 171, J. Khubua 154b,∗, Y.A.R. Khwaira 131, B. Kibirige34g,D. Kim 6, D.W. Kim 49a,49b, Y.K. Kim 41, N. Kimura 99, M.K. Kingston 57, A. Kirchhoff 57,C. Kirfel 25, F. Kirfel 25, J. Kirk 138, A.E. Kiryunin 113, S. Kita 161, C. Kitsaki 10,O. Kivernyk 25, M. Klassen 162, C. Klein 35, L. Klein 171, M.H. Klein 46, S.B. Klein 58,U. Klein 95, A. Klimentov 30, T. Klioutchnikova 37, P. Kluit 118, S. Kluth 113,E. Kneringer 81, T.M. Knight 159, A. Knue 51, D. Kobylianskii 174, S.F. Koch 130,M. Kocian 148, P. Kodyš 137, D.M. Koeck 127, P.T. Koenig 25, T. Koffas 35, O. Kolay 52,I. Koletsou 4, T. Komarek 89, K. Köneke 57, A.X.Y. Kong 1, T. Kono 122,– 33 –JHEP12(2024)116N. Konstantinidis 99, P. Kontaxakis 58, B. Konya 101, R. Kopeliansky 43, S. Koperny 88a,K. Korcyl 89, K. Kordas 157,e, A. Korn 99, S. Korn 57, I. Korolkov 13, N. Korotkova 39,B. Kortman 118, O. Kortner 113, S. Kortner 113, W.H. Kostecka 119, V.V. Kostyukhin 146,A. Kotsokechagia 37, A. Kotwal 53, A. Koulouris 37, A. Kourkoumeli-Charalampidi 75a,75b,C. Kourkoumelis 9, E. Kourlitis 113,ab, O. Kovanda 127, R. Kowalewski 170, W. Kozanecki 127,A.S. Kozhin 39, V.A. Kramarenko 39, G. Kramberger 96, P. Kramer 25, M.W. Krasny 131,A. Krasznahorkay 37, A.C. Kraus 119, J.W. Kraus 176, J.A. Kremer 50, T. Kresse 52,L. Kretschmann 176, J. Kretzschmar 95, K. Kreul 19, P. Krieger 159, K. Krizka 21,K. Kroeninger 51, H. Kroha 113, J. Kroll 135, J. Kroll 132, K.S. Krowpman 110,U. Kruchonak 40, H. Krüger 25, N. Krumnack83, M.C. Kruse 53, O. Kuchinskaia 39,S. Kuday 3a, S. Kuehn 37, R. Kuesters 56, T. Kuhl 50, V. Kukhtin 40, Y. Kulchitsky 40,S. Kuleshov 141d,141b, M. Kumar 34g, N. Kumari 50, P. Kumari 160b, A. Kupco 135,T. Kupfer51, A. Kupich 39, O. Kuprash 56, H. Kurashige 87, L.L. Kurchaninov 160a,O. Kurdysh 68, Y.A. Kurochkin 38, A. Kurova 39, M. Kuze 142, A.K. Kvam 106, J. Kvita 126,T. Kwan 107, N.G. Kyriacou 109, L.A.O. Laatu 105, C. Lacasta 168, F. Lacava 77a,77b,H. Lacker 19, D. Lacour 131, N.N. Lad 99, E. Ladygin 40, A. Lafarge 42, B. Laforge 131,T. Lagouri 177, F.Z. Lahbabi 36a, S. Lai 57, J.E. Lambert 170, S. Lammers 70, W. Lampl 7,C. Lampoudis 157,e, G. Lamprinoudis 103, A.N. Lancaster 119, E. Lançon 30, U. Landgraf 56,M.P.J. Landon 97, V.S. Lang 56, O.K.B. Langrekken 129, A.J. Lankford 163, F. Lanni 37,K. Lantzsch 25, A. Lanza 75a, M. Lanzac Berrocal 168, J.F. Laporte 139, T. Lari 73a,F. Lasagni Manghi 24b, M. Lassnig 37, V. Latonova 135, S.D. Lawlor 144, Z. Lawrence 104,R. Lazaridou172, M. Lazzaroni 73a,73b, H.D.M. Le 110, E.M. Le Boulicaut 177,L.T. Le Pottier 18a, B. Leban 24b,24a, A. Lebedev 83, M. LeBlanc 104, F. Ledroit-Guillon 62,S.C. Lee 153, S. Lee 49a,49b, T.F. Lee 95, L.L. Leeuw 34c, M. Lefebvre 170, C. Leggett 18a,G. Lehmann Miotto 37, M. Leigh 58, W.A. Leight 106, W. Leinonen 117, A. Leisos 157,s,M.A.L. Leite 85c, C.E. Leitgeb 19, R. Leitner 137, K.J.C. Leney 46, T. Lenz 25, S. Leone 76a,C. Leonidopoulos 54, A. Leopold 149, R. Les 110, C.G. Lester 33, M. Levchenko 39,J. Levêque 4, L.J. Levinson 174, G. Levrini 24b,24a, M.P. Lewicki 89, C. Lewis 143,D.J. Lewis 4, L. Lewitt 144, A. Li 30, B. Li 64b, C. Li64a, C-Q. Li 113, H. Li 64a, H. Li 64b,H. Li 115a, H. Li 15, H. Li 64b, J. Li 64c, K. Li 14, L. Li 64c, M. Li 14,115c, S. Li 14,115c,S. Li 64d,64c,d, T. Li 5, X. Li 107, Z. Li 158, Z. Li 14,115c, Z. Li 64a, S. Liang 14,115c,Z. Liang 14, M. Liberatore 139, B. Liberti 78a, K. Lie 66c, J. Lieber Marin 85e, H. Lien 70,H. Lin 109, K. Lin 110, L. Linden 112, R.E. Lindley 7, J.H. Lindon 2, J. Ling 63,E. Lipeles 132, A. Lipniacka 17, A. Lister 169, J.D. Little 70, B. Liu 14, B.X. Liu 115b,D. Liu 64d,64c, E.H.L. Liu 21, J.B. Liu 64a, J.K.K. Liu 33, K. Liu 64d, K. Liu 64d,64c,M. Liu 64a, M.Y. Liu 64a, P. Liu 14, Q. Liu 64d,143,64c, X. Liu 64a, X. Liu 64b,Y. Liu 115b,115c, Y.L. Liu 64b, Y.W. Liu 64a, S.L. Lloyd 97, E.M. Lobodzinska 50, P. Loch 7,E. Lodhi 159, T. Lohse 19, K. Lohwasser 144, E. Loiacono 50, J.D. Lomas 21, J.D. Long 43,I. Longarini 163, R. Longo 167, I. Lopez Paz 69, A. Lopez Solis 50, N.A. Lopez-canelas 7,N. Lorenzo Martinez 4, A.M. Lory 112, M. Losada 120a, G. Löschcke Centeno 151, O. Loseva 39,X. Lou 49a,49b, X. Lou 14,115c, A. Lounis 68, P.A. Love 94, G. Lu 14,115c, M. Lu 68, S. Lu 132,Y.J. Lu 153, H.J. Lubatti 143, C. Luci 77a,77b, F.L. Lucio Alves 115a, F. Luehring 70,O. Lukianchuk 68, B.S. Lunday 132, O. Lundberg 149, B. Lund-Jensen 149,∗, N.A. Luongo 6,– 34 –JHEP12(2024)116M.S. Lutz 37, A.B. Lux 26, D. Lynn 30, R. Lysak 135, E. Lytken 101, V. Lyubushkin 40,T. Lyubushkina 40, M.M. Lyukova 150, M.Firdaus M. Soberi 54, H. Ma 30, K. Ma 64a,L.L. Ma 64b, W. Ma 64a, Y. Ma 125, J.C. MacDonald 103, P.C. Machado De Abreu Farias 85e,R. Madar 42, T. Madula 99, J. Maeda 87, T. Maeno 30, P.T. Mafa 34c, H. Maguire 144,V. Maiboroda 139, A. Maio 134a,134b,134d, K. Maj 88a, O. Majersky 50, S. Majewski 127,N. Makovec 68, V. Maksimovic 16, B. Malaescu 131, Pa. Malecki 89, V.P. Maleev 39,F. Malek 62,n, M. Mali 96, D. Malito 98, U. Mallik 82,∗, S. Maltezos10, S. Malyukov40,J. Mamuzic 13, G. Mancini 55, M.N. Mancini 27, G. Manco 75a,75b, J.P. Mandalia 97,S.S. Mandarry 151, I. Mandić 96, L. Manhaes de Andrade Filho 85a, I.M. Maniatis 174,J. Manjarres Ramos 92, D.C. Mankad 174, A. Mann 112, S. Manzoni 37, L. Mao 64c,X. Mapekula 34c, A. Marantis 157,s, G. Marchiori 5, M. Marcisovsky 135, C. Marcon 73a,M. Marinescu 21, S. Marium 50, M. Marjanovic 124, A. Markhoos 56, M. Markovitch 68,M.K. Maroun 106, E.J. Marshall 94, Z. Marshall 18a, S. Marti-Garcia 168, J. Martin 99,T.A. Martin 138, V.J. Martin 54, B. Martin dit Latour 17, L. Martinelli 77a,77b,M. Martinez 13,u, P. Martinez Agullo 168, V.I. Martinez Outschoorn 106, P. Martinez Suarez 13,S. Martin-Haugh 138, G. Martinovicova 137, V.S. Martoiu 28b, A.C. Martyniuk 99,A. Marzin 37, D. Mascione 80a,80b, L. Masetti 103, J. Masik 104, A.L. Maslennikov 39,S.L. Mason 43, P. Massarotti 74a,74b, P. Mastrandrea 76a,76b, A. Mastroberardino 45b,45a,T. Masubuchi 128, T.T. Mathew 127, T. Mathisen 166, J. Matousek 137, D.M. Mattern 51,J. Maurer 28b, T. Maurin 61, A.J. Maury 68, B. Maček 96, D.A. Maximov 39, A.E. May 104,R. Mazini 34g, I. Maznas 119, M. Mazza 110, S.M. Mazza 140, E. Mazzeo 73a,73b,J.P. Mc Gowan 170, S.P. Mc Kee 109, C.A. Mc Lean 6, C.C. McCracken 169,E.F. McDonald 108, A.E. McDougall 118, L.F. Mcelhinney 94, J.A. Mcfayden 151,R.P. McGovern 132, R.P. Mckenzie 34g, T.C. Mclachlan 50, D.J. Mclaughlin 99,S.J. McMahon 138, C.M. Mcpartland 95, R.A. McPherson 170,y, S. Mehlhase 112, A. Mehta 95,D. Melini 168, B.R. Mellado Garcia 34g, A.H. Melo 57, F. Meloni 50,A.M. Mendes Jacques Da Costa 104, H.Y. Meng 159, L. Meng 94, S. Menke 113, M. Mentink 37,E. Meoni 45b,45a, G. Mercado 119, S. Merianos 157, C. Merlassino 71a,71c, L. Merola 74a,74b,C. Meroni 73a,73b, J. Metcalfe 6, A.S. Mete 6, E. Meuser 103, C. Meyer 70, J-P. Meyer 139,R.P. Middleton 138, L. Mijović 54, G. Mikenberg 174, M. Mikestikova 135, M. Mikuž 96,H. Mildner 103, A. Milic 37, D.W. Miller 41, E.H. Miller 148, L.S. Miller 35, A. Milov 174,D.A. Milstead49a,49b, T. Min115a, A.A. Minaenko 39, I.A. Minashvili 154b, A.I. Mincer 121,B. Mindur 88a, M. Mineev 40, Y. Mino 90, L.M. Mir 13, M. Miralles Lopez 61,M. Mironova 18a, M.C. Missio 117, A. Mitra 172, V.A. Mitsou 168, Y. Mitsumori 114,O. Miu 159, P.S. Miyagawa 97, T. Mkrtchyan 65a, M. Mlinarevic 99, T. Mlinarevic 99,M. Mlynarikova 37, S. Mobius 20, P. Mogg 112, M.H. Mohamed Farook 116,A.F. Mohammed 14,115c, S. Mohapatra 43, G. Mokgatitswane 34g, L. Moleri 174, B. Mondal 146,S. Mondal 136, K. Mönig 50, E. Monnier 105, L. Monsonis Romero168, J. Montejo Berlingen 13,A. Montella 49a,49b, M. Montella 123, F. Montereali 79a,79b, F. Monticelli 93, S. Monzani 71a,71c,A. Morancho Tarda 44, N. Morange 68, A.L. Moreira De Carvalho 50, M. Moreno Llácer 168,C. Moreno Martinez 58, J.M. Moreno Perez23b, P. Morettini 59b, S. Morgenstern 37, M. Morii 63,M. Morinaga 158, M. Moritsu 91, F. Morodei 77a,77b, P. Moschovakos 37, B. Moser 130,M. Mosidze 154b, T. Moskalets 46, P. Moskvitina 117, J. Moss 32,k, P. Moszkowicz 88a,– 35 –JHEP12(2024)116A. Moussa 36d, Y. Moyal 174, E.J.W. Moyse 106, O. Mtintsilana 34g, S. Muanza 105,J. Mueller 133, D. Muenstermann 94, R. Müller 37, G.A. Mullier 166, A.J. Mullin33,J.J. Mullin132, A.E. Mulski 63, D.P. Mungo 159, D. Munoz Perez 168, F.J. Munoz Sanchez 104,M. Murin 104, W.J. Murray 172,138, M. Muškinja 96, C. Mwewa 30, A.G. Myagkov 39,a,A.J. Myers 8, G. Myers 109, M. Myska 136, B.P. Nachman 18a, K. Nagai 130, K. Nagano 86,R. Nagasaka158, J.L. Nagle 30,af , E. Nagy 105, A.M. Nairz 37, Y. Nakahama 86,K. Nakamura 86, K. Nakkalil 5, H. Nanjo 128, E.A. Narayanan 46, Y. Narukawa 158,I. Naryshkin 39, L. Nasella 73a,73b, S. Nasri 120b, C. Nass 25, G. Navarro 23a,J. Navarro-Gonzalez 168, A. Nayaz 19, P.Y. Nechaeva 39, S. Nechaeva 24b,24a, F. Nechansky 135,L. Nedic 130, T.J. Neep 21, A. Negri 75a,75b, M. Negrini 24b, C. Nellist 118, C. Nelson 107,K. Nelson 109, S. Nemecek 135, M. Nessi 37,h, M.S. Neubauer 167, F. Neuhaus 103,J. Neundorf 50, J. Newell 95, P.R. Newman 21, C.W. Ng 133, Y.W.Y. Ng 50, B. Ngair 120a,H.D.N. Nguyen 111, R.B. Nickerson 130, R. Nicolaidou 139, J. Nielsen 140, M. Niemeyer 57,J. Niermann 37, N. Nikiforou 37, V. Nikolaenko 39,a, I. Nikolic-Audit 131, K. Nikolopoulos 21,P. Nilsson 30, I. Ninca 50, G. Ninio 156, A. Nisati 77a, N. Nishu 2, R. Nisius 113,N. Nitika 71a,71c, J-E. Nitschke 52, E.K. Nkadimeng 34g, T. Nobe 158, T. Nommensen 152,M.B. Norfolk 144, B.J. Norman 35, M. Noury 36a, J. Novak 96, T. Novak 96, L. Novotny 136,R. Novotny 116, L. Nozka 126, K. Ntekas 163, N.M.J. Nunes De Moura Junior 85b,J. Ocariz 131, A. Ochi 87, I. Ochoa 134a, S. Oerdek 50,v, J.T. Offermann 41, A. Ogrodnik 137,A. Oh 104, C.C. Ohm 149, H. Oide 86, R. Oishi 158, M.L. Ojeda 37, Y. Okumura 158,L.F. Oleiro Seabra 134a, I. Oleksiyuk 58, S.A. Olivares Pino 141d, G. Oliveira Correa 13,D. Oliveira Damazio 30, J.L. Oliver 163, Ö.O. Öncel 56, A.P. O’Neill 20, A. Onofre 134a,134e,P.U.E. Onyisi 11, M.J. Oreglia 41, D. Orestano 79a,79b, N. Orlando 13, R.S. Orr 159,L.M. Osojnak 132, Y. Osumi114, G. Otero y Garzon 31, H. Otono 91, P.S. Ott 65a,G.J. Ottino 18a, M. Ouchrif 36d, F. Ould-Saada 129, T. Ovsiannikova 143, M. Owen 61,R.E. Owen 138, V.E. Ozcan 22a, F. Ozturk 89, N. Ozturk 8, S. Ozturk 84, H.A. Pacey 130,A. Pacheco Pages 13, C. Padilla Aranda 13, G. Padovano 77a,77b, S. Pagan Griso 18a,G. Palacino 70, A. Palazzo 72a,72b, J. Pampel 25, J. Pan 177, T. Pan 66a, D.K. Panchal 11,C.E. Pandini 118, J.G. Panduro Vazquez 138, H.D. Pandya 1, H. Pang 15, P. Pani 50,G. Panizzo 71a,71c, L. Panwar 131, L. Paolozzi 58, S. Parajuli 167, A. Paramonov 6,C. Paraskevopoulos 55, D. Paredes Hernandez 66b, A. Pareti 75a,75b, K.R. Park 43,T.H. Park 159, M.A. Parker 33, F. Parodi 59b,59a, V.A. Parrish 54, J.A. Parsons 43,U. Parzefall 56, B. Pascual Dias 111, L. Pascual Dominguez 102, E. Pasqualucci 77a,S. Passaggio 59b, F. Pastore 98, P. Patel 89, U.M. Patel 53, J.R. Pater 104, T. Pauly 37,F. Pauwels 137, C.I. Pazos 162, M. Pedersen 129, R. Pedro 134a, S.V. Peleganchuk 39,O. Penc 37, E.A. Pender 54, S. Peng 15, G.D. Penn 177, K.E. Penski 112, M. Penzin 39,B.S. Peralva 85d, A.P. Pereira Peixoto 143, L. Pereira Sanchez 148, D.V. Perepelitsa 30,af ,G. Perera 106, E. Perez Codina 160a, M. Perganti 10, H. Pernegger 37, S. Perrella 77a,77b,O. Perrin 42, K. Peters 50, R.F.Y. Peters 104, B.A. Petersen 37, T.C. Petersen 44, E. Petit 105,V. Petousis 136, C. Petridou 157,e, T. Petru 137, A. Petrukhin 146, M. Pettee 18a,A. Petukhov 84, K. Petukhova 37, R. Pezoa 141f , L. Pezzotti 37, G. Pezzullo 177,A.J. Pfleger 37, T.M. Pham 175, T. Pham 108, P.W. Phillips 138, G. Piacquadio 150,E. Pianori 18a, F. Piazza 127, R. Piegaia 31, D. Pietreanu 28b, A.D. Pilkington 104,– 36 –JHEP12(2024)116M. Pinamonti 71a,71c, J.L. Pinfold 2, B.C. Pinheiro Pereira 134a, J. Pinol Bel 13,A.E. Pinto Pinoargote 139,139, L. Pintucci 71a,71c, K.M. Piper 151, A. Pirttikoski 58,D.A. Pizzi 35, L. Pizzimento 66b, A. Pizzini 118, M.-A. Pleier 30, V. Pleskot 137,E. Plotnikova40, G. Poddar 97, R. Poettgen 101, L. Poggioli 131, S. Polacek 137, G. Polesello 75a,A. Poley 147,160a, A. Polini 24b, C.S. Pollard 172, Z.B. Pollock 123, E. Pompa Pacchi 124,N.I. Pond 99, D. Ponomarenko 70, L. Pontecorvo 37, S. Popa 28a, G.A. Popeneciu 28d,A. Poreba 37, D.M. Portillo Quintero 160a, S. Pospisil 136, M.A. Postill 144, P. Postolache 28c,K. Potamianos 172, P.A. Potepa 88a, I.N. Potrap 40, C.J. Potter 33, H. Potti 152,J. Poveda 168, M.E. Pozo Astigarraga 37, A. Prades Ibanez 78a,78b, J. Pretel 170, D. Price 104,M. Primavera 72a, L. Primomo 71a,71c, M.A. Principe Martin 102, R. Privara 126,T. Procter 61, M.L. Proffitt 143, N. Proklova 132, K. Prokofiev 66c, G. Proto 113,J. Proudfoot 6, M. Przybycien 88a, W.W. Przygoda 88b, A. Psallidas 48, J.E. Puddefoot 144,D. Pudzha 56, D. Pyatiizbyantseva 39, J. Qian 109, R. Qian 110, D. Qichen 104, Y. Qin 13,T. Qiu 54, A. Quadt 57, M. Queitsch-Maitland 104, G. Quetant 58, R.P. Quinn 169,G. Rabanal Bolanos 63, D. Rafanoharana 56, F. Raffaeli 78a,78b, F. Ragusa 73a,73b,J.L. Rainbolt 41, J.A. Raine 58, S. Rajagopalan 30, E. Ramakoti 39, L. Rambelli 59b,59a,I.A. Ramirez-Berend 35, K. Ran 50,115c, D.S. Rankin 132, N.P. Rapheeha 34g, H. Rasheed 28b,V. Raskina 131, D.F. Rassloff 65a, A. Rastogi 18a, S. Rave 103, S. Ravera 59b,59a, B. Ravina 57,I. Ravinovich 174, M. Raymond 37, A.L. Read 129, N.P. Readioff 144, D.M. Rebuzzi 75a,75b,G. Redlinger 30, A.S. Reed 113, K. Reeves 27, J.A. Reidelsturz 176, D. Reikher 127, A. Rej 51,C. Rembser 37, M. Renda 28b, F. Renner 50, A.G. Rennie 163, A.L. Rescia 50, S. Resconi 73a,M. Ressegotti 59b,59a, S. Rettie 37, J.G. Reyes Rivera 110, E. Reynolds 18a, O.L. Rezanova 39,P. Reznicek 137, H. Riani 36d, N. Ribaric 53, E. Ricci 80a,80b, R. Richter 113, S. Richter 49a,49b,E. Richter-Was 88b, M. Ridel 131, S. Ridouani 36d, P. Rieck 121, P. Riedler 37,E.M. Riefel 49a,49b, J.O. Rieger 118, M. Rijssenbeek 150, M. Rimoldi 37, L. Rinaldi 24b,24a,P. Rincke 57,166, T.T. Rinn 30, M.P. Rinnagel 112, G. Ripellino 166, I. Riu 13,J.C. Rivera Vergara 170, F. Rizatdinova 125, E. Rizvi 97, B.R. Roberts 18a, S.S. Roberts 140,S.H. Robertson 107,y, D. Robinson 33, M. Robles Manzano 103, A. Robson 61,A. Rocchi 78a,78b, C. Roda 76a,76b, S. Rodriguez Bosca 37, Y. Rodriguez Garcia 23a,A.M. Rodríguez Vera 119, S. Roe37, J.T. Roemer 37, O. Røhne 129, R.A. Rojas 106,C.P.A. Roland 131, J. Roloff 30, A. Romaniouk 81, E. Romano 75a,75b, M. Romano 24b,A.C. Romero Hernandez 167, N. Rompotis 95, L. Roos 131, S. Rosati 77a, B.J. Rosser 41,E. Rossi 130, E. Rossi 74a,74b, L.P. Rossi 63, L. Rossini 56, R. Rosten 123, M. Rotaru 28b,B. Rottler 56, C. Rougier 92, D. Rousseau 68, D. Rousso 50, A. Roy 167, S. Roy-Garand 159,A. Rozanov 105, Z.M.A. Rozario 61, Y. Rozen 155, A. Rubio Jimenez 168,V.H. Ruelas Rivera 19, T.A. Ruggeri 1, A. Ruggiero 130, A. Ruiz-Martinez 168, A. Rummler 37,Z. Rurikova 56, N.A. Rusakovich 40, H.L. Russell 170, G. Russo 77a,77b, J.P. Rutherfoord 7,S. Rutherford Colmenares 33, M. Rybar 137, E.B. Rye 129, A. Ryzhov 46,J.A. Sabater Iglesias 58, H.F-W. Sadrozinski 140, F. Safai Tehrani 77a, B. Safarzadeh Samani 138,S. Saha 1, M. Sahinsoy 84, A. Saibel 168, M. Saimpert 139, M. Saito 158, T. Saito 158,A. Sala 73a,73b, D. Salamani 37, A. Salnikov 148, J. Salt 168, A. Salvador Salas 156,D. Salvatore 45b,45a, F. Salvatore 151, A. Salzburger 37, D. Sammel 56, E. Sampson 94,D. Sampsonidis 157,e, D. Sampsonidou 127, J. Sánchez 168, V. Sanchez Sebastian 168,– 37 –JHEP12(2024)116H. Sandaker 129, C.O. Sander 50, J.A. Sandesara 106, M. Sandhoff 176, C. Sandoval 23b,L. Sanfilippo 65a, D.P.C. Sankey 138, T. Sano 90, A. Sansoni 55, L. Santi 37,77b, C. Santoni 42,H. Santos 134a,134b, A. Santra 174, E. Sanzani 24b,24a, K.A. Saoucha 165, J.G. Saraiva 134a,134d,J. Sardain 7, O. Sasaki 86, K. Sato 161, C. Sauer37, E. Sauvan 4, P. Savard 159,ad,R. Sawada 158, C. Sawyer 138, L. Sawyer 100, C. Sbarra 24b, A. Sbrizzi 24b,24a, T. Scanlon 99,J. Schaarschmidt 143, U. Schäfer 103, A.C. Schaffer 68,46, D. Schaile 112, R.D. Schamberger 150,C. Scharf 19, M.M. Schefer 20, V.A. Schegelsky 39, D. Scheirich 137, M. Schernau 141e,C. Scheulen 58, C. Schiavi 59b,59a, M. Schioppa 45b,45a, B. Schlag 148, S. Schlenker 37,J. Schmeing 176, M.A. Schmidt 176, K. Schmieden 103, C. Schmitt 103, N. Schmitt 103,S. Schmitt 50, L. Schoeffel 139, A. Schoening 65b, P.G. Scholer 35, E. Schopf 130, M. Schott 25,J. Schovancova 37, S. Schramm 58, T. Schroer 58, H-C. Schultz-Coulon 65a, M. Schumacher 56,B.A. Schumm 140, Ph. Schune 139, A.J. Schuy 143, H.R. Schwartz 140, A. Schwartzman 148,T.A. Schwarz 109, Ph. Schwemling 139, R. Schwienhorst 110, F.G. Sciacca 20, A. Sciandra 30,G. Sciolla 27, F. Scuri 76a, C.D. Sebastiani 95, K. Sedlaczek 119, S.C. Seidel 116,A. Seiden 140, B.D. Seidlitz 43, C. Seitz 50, J.M. Seixas 85b, G. Sekhniaidze 74a, L. Selem 62,N. Semprini-Cesari 24b,24a, A. Semushin 178,39, D. Sengupta 58, V. Senthilkumar 168,L. Serin 68, M. Sessa 78a,78b, H. Severini 124, F. Sforza 59b,59a, A. Sfyrla 58, Q. Sha 14,E. Shabalina 57, A.H. Shah 33, R. Shaheen 149, J.D. Shahinian 132, D. Shaked Renous 174,L.Y. Shan 14, M. Shapiro 18a, A. Sharma 37, A.S. Sharma 169, P. Sharma 30,P.B. Shatalov 39, K. Shaw 151, S.M. Shaw 104, Q. Shen 64c, D.J. Sheppard 147,P. Sherwood 99, L. Shi 99, X. Shi 14, S. Shimizu 86, C.O. Shimmin 177, I.P.J. Shipsey 130,∗,S. Shirabe 91, M. Shiyakova 40,w, M.J. Shochet 41, D.R. Shope 129, B. Shrestha 124,S. Shrestha 123,ag, I. Shreyber 39, M.J. Shroff 170, P. Sicho 135, A.M. Sickles 167,E. Sideras Haddad 34g,164, A.C. Sidley 118, A. Sidoti 24b, F. Siegert 52, Dj. Sijacki 16,F. Sili 93, J.M. Silva 54, I. Silva Ferreira 85b, M.V. Silva Oliveira 30, S.B. Silverstein 49a,S. Simion68, R. Simoniello 37, E.L. Simpson 104, H. Simpson 151, L.R. Simpson 109,S. Simsek 84, S. Sindhu 57, P. Sinervo 159, S. Singh 30, S. Sinha 50, S. Sinha 104,M. Sioli 24b,24a, I. Siral 37, E. Sitnikova 50, J. Sjölin 49a,49b, A. Skaf 57, E. Skorda 21,P. Skubic 124, M. Slawinska 89, I. Slazyk 17, V. Smakhtin174, B.H. Smart 138,S.Yu. Smirnov 39, Y. Smirnov 39, L.N. Smirnova 39,a, O. Smirnova 101, A.C. Smith 43,D.R. Smith163, E.A. Smith 41, J.L. Smith 104, R. Smith148, H. Smitmanns 103, M. Smizanska 94,K. Smolek 136, A.A. Snesarev 39, H.L. Snoek 118, S. Snyder 30, R. Sobie 170,y, A. Soffer 156,C.A. Solans Sanchez 37, E.Yu. Soldatov 39, U. Soldevila 168, A.A. Solodkov 39, S. Solomon 27,A. Soloshenko 40, K. Solovieva 56, O.V. Solovyanov 42, P. Sommer 52, A. Sonay 13,W.Y. Song 160b, A. Sopczak 136, A.L. Sopio 54, F. Sopkova 29b, J.D. Sorenson 116,I.R. Sotarriva Alvarez 142, V. Sothilingam65a, O.J. Soto Sandoval 141c,141b, S. Sottocornola 70,R. Soualah 165, Z. Soumaimi 36e, D. South 50, N. Soybelman 174, S. Spagnolo 72a,72b,M. Spalla 113, D. Sperlich 56, G. Spigo 37, B. Spisso 74a,74b, D.P. Spiteri 61, M. Spousta 137,E.J. Staats 35, R. Stamen 65a, A. Stampekis 21, E. Stanecka 89, W. Stanek-Maslouska 50,M.V. Stange 52, B. Stanislaus 18a, M.M. Stanitzki 50, B. Stapf 50, E.A. Starchenko 39,G.H. Stark 140, J. Stark 92, P. Staroba 135, P. Starovoitov 65a, S. Stärz 107, R. Staszewski 89,G. Stavropoulos 48, A. Stefl 37, P. Steinberg 30, B. Stelzer 147,160a, H.J. Stelzer 133,O. Stelzer-Chilton 160a, H. Stenzel 60, T.J. Stevenson 151, G.A. Stewart 37, J.R. Stewart 125,– 38 –JHEP12(2024)116M.C. Stockton 37, G. Stoicea 28b, M. Stolarski 134a, S. Stonjek 113, A. Straessner 52,J. Strandberg 149, S. Strandberg 49a,49b, M. Stratmann 176, M. Strauss 124, T. Strebler 105,P. Strizenec 29b, R. Ströhmer 171, D.M. Strom 127, R. Stroynowski 46, A. Strubig 49a,49b,S.A. Stucci 30, B. Stugu 17, J. Stupak 124, N.A. Styles 50, D. Su 148, S. Su 64a, W. Su 64d,X. Su 64a, D. Suchy 29a, K. Sugizaki 158, V.V. Sulin 39, M.J. Sullivan 95, D.M.S. Sultan 130,L. Sultanaliyeva 39, S. Sultansoy 3b, T. Sumida 90, S. Sun 175, W. Sun 14,O. Sunneborn Gudnadottir 166, N. Sur 105, M.R. Sutton 151, H. Suzuki 161, M. Svatos 135,M. Swiatlowski 160a, T. Swirski 171, I. Sykora 29a, M. Sykora 137, T. Sykora 137, D. Ta 103,K. Tackmann 50,v, A. Taffard 163, R. Tafirout 160a, J.S. Tafoya Vargas 68, Y. Takubo 86,M. Talby 105, A.A. Talyshev 39, K.C. Tam 66b, N.M. Tamir 156, A. Tanaka 158,J. Tanaka 158, R. Tanaka 68, M. Tanasini 150, Z. Tao 169, S. Tapia Araya 141f ,S. Tapprogge 103, A. Tarek Abouelfadl Mohamed 110, S. Tarem 155, K. Tariq 14, G. Tarna 28b,G.F. Tartarelli 73a, M.J. Tartarin 92, P. Tas 137, M. Tasevsky 135, E. Tassi 45b,45a,A.C. Tate 167, G. Tateno 158, Y. Tayalati 36e,x, G.N. Taylor 108, W. Taylor 160b,P. Teixeira-Dias 98, J.J. Teoh 159, K. Terashi 158, J. Terron 102, S. Terzo 13, M. Testa 55,R.J. Teuscher 159,y, A. Thaler 81, O. Theiner 58, T. Theveneaux-Pelzer 105, O. Thielmann 176,D.W. Thomas98, J.P. Thomas 21, E.A. Thompson 18a, P.D. Thompson 21, E. Thomson 132,R.E. Thornberry 46, C. Tian 64a, Y. Tian 58, V. Tikhomirov 39,a, Yu.A. Tikhonov 39,S. Timoshenko39, D. Timoshyn 137, E.X.L. Ting 1, P. Tipton 177, A. Tishelman-Charny 30,S.H. Tlou 34g, K. Todome 142, S. Todorova-Nova 137, S. Todt52, L. Toffolin 71a,71c,M. Togawa 86, J. Tojo 91, S. Tokár 29a, K. Tokushuku 86, O. Toldaiev 70, G. Tolkachev 105,M. Tomoto 86,114, L. Tompkins 148,m, E. Torrence 127, H. Torres 92, E. Torró Pastor 168,M. Toscani 31, C. Tosciri 41, M. Tost 11, D.R. Tovey 144, I.S. Trandafir 28b, T. Trefzger 171,A. Tricoli 30, I.M. Trigger 160a, S. Trincaz-Duvoid 131, D.A. Trischuk 27, B. Trocmé 62,A. Tropina40, L. Truong 34c, M. Trzebinski 89, A. Trzupek 89, F. Tsai 150, M. Tsai 109,A. Tsiamis 157, P.V. Tsiareshka40, S. Tsigaridas 160a, A. Tsirigotis 157,s, V. Tsiskaridze 159,E.G. Tskhadadze 154a, M. Tsopoulou 157, Y. Tsujikawa 90, I.I. Tsukerman 39, V. Tsulaia 18a,S. Tsuno 86, K. Tsuri 122, D. Tsybychev 150, Y. Tu 66b, A. Tudorache 28b, V. Tudorache 28b,A.N. Tuna 63, S. Turchikhin 59b,59a, I. Turk Cakir 3a, R. Turra 73a, T. Turtuvshin 40,P.M. Tuts 43, S. Tzamarias 157,e, E. Tzovara 103, F. Ukegawa 161, P.A. Ulloa Poblete 141c,141b,E.N. Umaka 30, G. Unal 37, A. Undrus 30, G. Unel 163, J. Urban 29b, P. Urrejola 141a,G. Usai 8, R. Ushioda 142, M. Usman 111, F. Ustuner 54, Z. Uysal 84, V. Vacek 136,B. Vachon 107, T. Vafeiadis 37, A. Vaitkus 99, C. Valderanis 112, E. Valdes Santurio 49a,49b,M. Valente 160a, S. Valentinetti 24b,24a, A. Valero 168, E. Valiente Moreno 168, A. Vallier 92,J.A. Valls Ferrer 168, D.R. Van Arneman 118, T.R. Van Daalen 143, A. Van Der Graaf 51,P. Van Gemmeren 6, M. Van Rijnbach 37, S. Van Stroud 99, I. Van Vulpen 118, P. Vana 137,M. Vanadia 78a,78b, U.M. Vande Voorde 149, W. Vandelli 37, E.R. Vandewall 125,D. Vannicola 156, L. Vannoli 55, R. Vari 77a, E.W. Varnes 7, C. Varni 18b, D. Varouchas 68,L. Varriale 168, K.E. Varvell 152, M.E. Vasile 28b, L. Vaslin86, A. Vasyukov 40,L.M. Vaughan 125, R. Vavricka103, T. Vazquez Schroeder 37, J. Veatch 32, V. Vecchio 104,M.J. Veen 106, I. Veliscek 30, L.M. Veloce 159, F. Veloso 134a,134c, S. Veneziano 77a,A. Ventura 72a,72b, S. Ventura Gonzalez 139, A. Verbytskyi 113, M. Verducci 76a,76b,C. Vergis 97, M. Verissimo De Araujo 85b, W. Verkerke 118, J.C. Vermeulen 118,– 39 –JHEP12(2024)116C. Vernieri 148, M. Vessella 163, M.C. Vetterli 147,ad, A. Vgenopoulos 103, N. Viaux Maira 141f ,T. Vickey 144, O.E. Vickey Boeriu 144, G.H.A. Viehhauser 130, L. Vigani 65b, M. Vigl 113,M. Villa 24b,24a, M. Villaplana Perez 168, E.M. Villhauer54, E. Vilucchi 55, M.G. Vincter 35,A. Visibile118, C. Vittori 37, I. Vivarelli 24b,24a, E. Voevodina 113, F. Vogel 112, J.C. Voigt 52,P. Vokac 136, Yu. Volkotrub 88b, E. Von Toerne 25, B. Vormwald 37, V. Vorobel 137,K. Vorobev 39, M. Vos 168, K. Voss 146, M. Vozak 118, L. Vozdecky 124, N. Vranjes 16,M. Vranjes Milosavljevic 16, M. Vreeswijk 118, N.K. Vu 64d,64c, R. Vuillermet 37,O. Vujinovic 103, I. Vukotic 41, I.K. Vyas 35, S. Wada 161, C. Wagner148, J.M. Wagner 18a,W. Wagner 176, S. Wahdan 176, H. Wahlberg 93, C.H. Waits 124, J. Walder 138,R. Walker 112, W. Walkowiak 146, A. Wall 132, E.J. Wallin 101, T. Wamorkar 6,A.Z. Wang 140, C. Wang 103, C. Wang 11, H. Wang 18a, J. Wang 66c, P. Wang 104,P. Wang 99, R. Wang 63, R. Wang 6, S.M. Wang 153, S. Wang 14, T. Wang 64a,W.T. Wang 82, W. Wang 14, X. Wang 167, X. Wang 64c, Y. Wang 64d, Y. Wang 115a,Y. Wang 64a, Z. Wang 109, Z. Wang 64d,53,64c, Z. Wang 109, A. Warburton 107, R.J. Ward 21,N. Warrack 61, S. Waterhouse 98, A.T. Watson 21, H. Watson 54, M.F. Watson 21,E. Watton 61,138, G. Watts 143, B.M. Waugh 99, J.M. Webb 56, C. Weber 30, H.A. Weber 19,M.S. Weber 20, S.M. Weber 65a, C. Wei 64a, Y. Wei 56, A.R. Weidberg 130, E.J. Weik 121,J. Weingarten 51, C. Weiser 56, C.J. Wells 50, T. Wenaus 30, B. Wendland 51, T. Wengler 37,N.S. Wenke113, N. Wermes 25, M. Wessels 65a, A.M. Wharton 94, A.S. White 63, A. White 8,M.J. White 1, D. Whiteson 163, L. Wickremasinghe 128, W. Wiedenmann 175, M. Wielers 138,C. Wiglesworth 44, D.J. Wilbern124, H.G. Wilkens 37, J.J.H. Wilkinson 33, D.M. Williams 43,H.H. Williams132, S. Williams 33, S. Willocq 106, B.J. Wilson 104, D.J. Wilson 104,P.J. Windischhofer 41, F.I. Winkel 31, F. Winklmeier 127, B.T. Winter 56, J.K. Winter 104,M. Wittgen148, M. Wobisch 100, T. Wojtkowski62, Z. Wolffs 118, J. Wollrath37, M.W. Wolter 89,H. Wolters 134a,134c, M.C. Wong140, E.L. Woodward 43, S.D. Worm 50, B.K. Wosiek 89,K.W. Woźniak 89, S. Wozniewski 57, K. Wraight 61, C. Wu 21, M. Wu 115b, M. Wu 117,S.L. Wu 175, X. Wu 58, X. Wu 64a, Y. Wu 64a, Z. Wu 4, J. Wuerzinger 113,ab,T.R. Wyatt 104, B.M. Wynne 54, S. Xella 44, L. Xia 115a, M. Xia 15, M. Xie 64a,A. Xiong 127, J. Xiong 18a, D. Xu 14, H. Xu 64a, L. Xu 64a, R. Xu 132, T. Xu 109,Y. Xu 143, Z. Xu 54, Z. Xu115a, B. Yabsley 152, S. Yacoob 34a, Y. Yamaguchi 86,E. Yamashita 158, H. Yamauchi 161, T. Yamazaki 18a, Y. Yamazaki 87, S. Yan 61, Z. Yan 106,H.J. Yang 64c,64d, H.T. Yang 64a, S. Yang 64a, T. Yang 66c, X. Yang 37, X. Yang 14,Y. Yang 46, Y. Yang64a, W-M. Yao 18a, H. Ye 57, J. Ye 14, S. Ye 30, X. Ye 64a, Y. Yeh 99,I. Yeletskikh 40, B. Yeo 18b, M.R. Yexley 99, T.P. Yildirim 130, P. Yin 43, K. Yorita 173,S. Younas 28b, C.J.S. Young 37, C. Young 148, C. Yu 14,115c, Y. Yu 64a, J. Yuan 14,115c,M. Yuan 109, R. Yuan 64d,64c, L. Yue 99, M. Zaazoua 64a, B. Zabinski 89, I. Zahir 36a,E. Zaid54, Z.K. Zak 89, T. Zakareishvili 168, S. Zambito 58, J.A. Zamora Saa 141d,141b,J. Zang 158, D. Zanzi 56, R. Zanzottera 73a,73b, O. Zaplatilek 136, C. Zeitnitz 176, H. Zeng 14,J.C. Zeng 167, D.T. Zenger Jr 27, O. Zenin 39, T. Ženiš 29a, S. Zenz 97, S. Zerradi 36a,D. Zerwas 68, M. Zhai 14,115c, D.F. Zhang 144, J. Zhang 64b, J. Zhang 6, K. Zhang 14,115c,L. Zhang 64a, L. Zhang 115a, P. Zhang 14,115c, R. Zhang 175, S. Zhang 109, S. Zhang 92,T. Zhang 158, X. Zhang 64c, Y. Zhang 143, Y. Zhang 99, Y. Zhang 115a, Z. Zhang 18a,Z. Zhang 64b, Z. Zhang 68, H. Zhao 143, T. Zhao 64b, Y. Zhao 140, Z. Zhao 64a, Z. Zhao 64a,– 40 –JHEP12(2024)116A. Zhemchugov 40, J. Zheng 115a, K. Zheng 167, X. Zheng 64a, Z. Zheng 148, D. Zhong 167,B. Zhou 109, H. Zhou 7, N. Zhou 64c, Y. Zhou 15, Y. Zhou 115a, Y. Zhou7, C.G. Zhu 64b,J. Zhu 109, X. Zhu64d, Y. Zhu 64c, Y. Zhu 64a, X. Zhuang 14, K. Zhukov 70, N.I. Zimine 40,J. Zinsser 65b, M. Ziolkowski 146, L. Živković 16, A. Zoccoli 24b,24a, K. Zoch 63,T.G. Zorbas 144, O. Zormpa 48, W. Zou 43, L. Zwalinski 371Department of Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide; Australia2Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton AB; Canada3 (a)Department of Physics, Ankara University, Ankara;(b)Division of Physics, TOBB University ofEconomics and Technology, Ankara; Türkiye4 LAPP, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS/IN2P3, Annecy; France5APC, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris; France6High Energy Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL; United States of America7Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson AZ; United States of America8Department of Physics, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington TX; United States of America9 Physics Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens; Greece10 Physics Department, National Technical University of Athens, Zografou; Greece11Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin TX; United States of America12 Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku; Azerbaijan13 Institut de Física d’Altes Energies (IFAE), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona;Spain14 Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing; China15 Physics Department, Tsinghua University, Beijing; China16 Institute of Physics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade; Serbia17Department for Physics and Technology, University of Bergen, Bergen; Norway18 (a)Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley CA;(b)University of California,Berkeley CA; United States of America19 Institut für Physik, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin; Germany20Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics and Laboratory for High Energy Physics, University ofBern, Bern; Switzerland21 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; United Kingdom22 (a)Department of Physics, Bogazici University, Istanbul;(b)Department of Physics Engineering, GaziantepUniversity, Gaziantep;(c)Department of Physics, Istanbul University, Istanbul; Türkiye23 (a)Facultad de Ciencias y Centro de Investigaciónes, Universidad Antonio Nariño,Bogotá;(b)Departamento de Física, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá; Colombia24 (a)Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia A. Righi, Università di Bologna, Bologna;(b)INFN Sezione diBologna; Italy25 Physikalisches Institut, Universität Bonn, Bonn; Germany26Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston MA; United States of America27Department of Physics, Brandeis University, Waltham MA; United States of America28 (a)Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov;(b)Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and NuclearEngineering, Bucharest;(c)Department of Physics, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Iasi;(d)NationalInstitute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Physics Department,Cluj-Napoca;(e)National University of Science and Technology Politechnica, Bucharest;(f)West Universityin Timisoara, Timisoara;(g)Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Bucharest; Romania29 (a)Faculty of Mathematics, Physics and Informatics, Comenius University, Bratislava;(b)Department ofSubnuclear Physics, Institute of Experimental Physics of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Kosice; SlovakRepublic30 Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton NY; United States of America31Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Física, yCONICET, Instituto de Física de Buenos Aires (IFIBA), Buenos Aires; Argentina32California State University, CA; United States of America33Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge; United Kingdom– 41 –JHEP12(2024)11634 (a)Department of Physics, University of Cape Town, Cape Town;(b)iThemba Labs, WesternCape;(c)Department of Mechanical Engineering Science, University of Johannesburg,Johannesburg;(d)National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman(Philippines);(e)University of South Africa, Department of Physics, Pretoria;(f)University of Zululand,KwaDlangezwa;(g)School of Physics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg; South Africa35Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa ON; Canada36 (a)Faculté des Sciences Ain Chock, Université Hassan II de Casablanca;(b)Faculté des Sciences, UniversitéIbn-Tofail, Kénitra;(c)Faculté des Sciences Semlalia, Université Cadi Ayyad, LPHEA-Marrakech;(d)LPMR,Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier, Oujda;(e)Faculté des sciences, Université MohammedV, Rabat;(f)Institute of Applied Physics, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir; Morocco37CERN, Geneva; Switzerland38Affiliated with an institute formerly covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN39Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN40Affiliated with an international laboratory covered by a cooperation agreement with CERN41 Enrico Fermi Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago IL; United States of America42 LPC, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS/IN2P3, Clermont-Ferrand; France43Nevis Laboratory, Columbia University, Irvington NY; United States of America44Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen; Denmark45 (a)Dipartimento di Fisica, Università della Calabria, Rende;(b)INFN Gruppo Collegato di Cosenza,Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati; Italy46 Physics Department, Southern Methodist University, Dallas TX; United States of America47 Physics Department, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson TX; United States of America48National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Agia Paraskevi; Greece49 (a)Department of Physics, Stockholm University;(b)Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm; Sweden50Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg and Zeuthen; Germany51 Fakultät Physik, Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund; Germany52 Institut für Kern- und Teilchenphysik, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden; Germany53Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham NC; United States of America54 SUPA — School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh; United Kingdom55 INFN e Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati; Italy56 Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Freiburg; Germany57 II. Physikalisches Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen; Germany58Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Genève; Switzerland59 (a)Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Genova, Genova;(b)INFN Sezione di Genova; Italy60 II. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Giessen; Germany61 SUPA — School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow; United Kingdom62 LPSC, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble INP, Grenoble; France63 Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology, Harvard University, Cambridge MA; United States ofAmerica64 (a)Department of Modern Physics and State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei;(b)Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Scienceand Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation (MOE), Shandong University,Qingdao;(c)School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Key Laboratory for ParticleAstrophysics and Cosmology (MOE), SKLPPC, Shanghai;(d)Tsung-Dao Lee Institute, Shanghai;(e)Schoolof Physics, Zhengzhou University; China65 (a)Kirchhoff-Institut für Physik, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg;(b)PhysikalischesInstitut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg; Germany66 (a)Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong;(b)Department ofPhysics, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;(c)Department of Physics and Institute for Advanced Study,Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong; China67Department of Physics, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu; Taiwan68 IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, 91405, Orsay; France69Centro Nacional de Microelectrónica (IMB-CNM-CSIC), Barcelona; Spain– 42 –JHEP12(2024)11670Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington IN; United States of America71 (a)INFN Gruppo Collegato di Udine, Sezione di Trieste, Udine;(b)ICTP, Trieste;(c)DipartimentoPolitecnico di Ingegneria e Architettura, Università di Udine, Udine; Italy72 (a)INFN Sezione di Lecce;(b)Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università del Salento, Lecce; Italy73 (a)INFN Sezione di Milano;(b)Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, Milano; Italy74 (a)INFN Sezione di Napoli;(b)Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Napoli, Napoli; Italy75 (a)INFN Sezione di Pavia;(b)Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Pavia; Italy76 (a)INFN Sezione di Pisa;(b)Dipartimento di Fisica E. Fermi, Università di Pisa, Pisa; Italy77 (a)INFN Sezione di Roma;(b)Dipartimento di Fisica, Sapienza Università di Roma, Roma; Italy78 (a)INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata;(b)Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Roma;Italy79 (a)INFN Sezione di Roma Tre;(b)Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, Università Roma Tre, Roma; Italy80 (a)INFN-TIFPA;(b)Università degli Studi di Trento, Trento; Italy81Universität Innsbruck, Department of Astro and Particle Physics, Innsbruck; Austria82University of Iowa, Iowa City IA; United States of America83Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University, Ames IA; United States of America84 Istinye University, Sariyer, Istanbul; Türkiye85 (a)Departamento de Engenharia Elétrica, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Juiz deFora;(b)Universidade Federal do Rio De Janeiro COPPE/EE/IF, Rio de Janeiro;(c)Instituto de Física,Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo;(d)Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro;(e)FederalUniversity of Bahia, Bahia; Brazil86KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba; Japan87Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe; Japan88 (a)AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, Krakow;(b)MarianSmoluchowski Institute of Physics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow; Poland89 Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow; Poland90 Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto; Japan91Research Center for Advanced Particle Physics and Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka;Japan92 L2IT, Université de Toulouse, CNRS/IN2P3, UPS, Toulouse; France93 Instituto de Física La Plata, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata; Argentina94 Physics Department, Lancaster University, Lancaster; United Kingdom95Oliver Lodge Laboratory, University of Liverpool, Liverpool; United Kingdom96Department of Experimental Particle Physics, Jožef Stefan Institute and Department of Physics,University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana; Slovenia97 School of Physics and Astronomy, Queen Mary University of London, London; United Kingdom98Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham; United Kingdom99Department of Physics and Astronomy, University College London, London; United Kingdom100 Louisiana Tech University, Ruston LA; United States of America101 Fysiska institutionen, Lunds universitet, Lund; Sweden102Departamento de Física Teorica C-15 and CIAFF, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid; Spain103 Institut für Physik, Universität Mainz, Mainz; Germany104 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manchester, Manchester; United Kingdom105CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille; France106Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst MA; United States of America107Department of Physics, McGill University, Montreal QC; Canada108 School of Physics, University of Melbourne, Victoria; Australia109Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor MI; United States of America110Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI; United States ofAmerica111Group of Particle Physics, University of Montreal, Montreal QC; Canada112 Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, München; Germany113Max-Planck-Institut für Physik (Werner-Heisenberg-Institut), München; Germany– 43 –JHEP12(2024)116114Graduate School of Science and Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University, Nagoya; Japan115 (a)Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing;(b)School of Science, Shenzhen Campus of SunYat-sen University;(c)University of Chinese Academy of Science (UCAS), Beijing; China116Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM; United States ofAmerica117 Institute for Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics, Radboud University/Nikhef, Nijmegen;Netherlands118Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam; Netherlands119Department of Physics, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb IL; United States of America120 (a)New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi;(b)United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain; United ArabEmirates121Department of Physics, New York University, New York NY; United States of America122Ochanomizu University, Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo; Japan123Ohio State University, Columbus OH; United States of America124Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman OK; UnitedStates of America125Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater OK; United States of America126 Palacký University, Joint Laboratory of Optics, Olomouc; Czech Republic127 Institute for Fundamental Science, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR; United States of America128Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Osaka; Japan129Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo; Norway130Department of Physics, Oxford University, Oxford; United Kingdom131 LPNHE, Sorbonne Université, Université Paris Cité, CNRS/IN2P3, Paris; France132Department of Physics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA; United States of America133Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA; United States of America134 (a)Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas — LIP, Lisboa;(b)Departamento deFísica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa;(c)Departamento de Física, Universidade deCoimbra, Coimbra;(d)Centro de Física Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa;(e)Departamento deFísica, Universidade do Minho, Braga;(f)Departamento de Física Teórica y del Cosmos, Universidad deGranada, Granada (Spain);(g)Departamento de Física, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa,Lisboa; Portugal135 Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague; Czech Republic136Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague; Czech Republic137Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague; Czech Republic138 Particle Physics Department, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot; United Kingdom139 IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette; France140 Santa Cruz Institute for Particle Physics, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz CA; UnitedStates of America141 (a)Departamento de Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago;(b)Millennium Institute forSubatomic physics at high energy frontier (SAPHIR), Santiago;(c)Instituto de InvestigaciónMultidisciplinario en Ciencia y Tecnología, y Departamento de Física, Universidad de LaSerena;(d)Universidad Andres Bello, Department of Physics, Santiago;(e)Instituto de Alta Investigación,Universidad de Tarapacá, Arica;(f)Departamento de Física, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María,Valparaíso; Chile142Department of Physics, Institute of Science, Tokyo; Japan143Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle WA; United States of America144Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sheffield, Sheffield; United Kingdom145Department of Physics, Shinshu University, Nagano; Japan146Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Siegen; Germany147Department of Physics, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby BC; Canada148 SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford CA; United States of America149Department of Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm; Sweden150Departments of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook NY; United States of– 44 –JHEP12(2024)116America151Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton; United Kingdom152 School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney; Australia153 Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei; Taiwan154 (a)E. Andronikashvili Institute of Physics, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi;(b)High EnergyPhysics Institute, Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi;(c)University of Georgia, Tbilisi; Georgia155Department of Physics, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa; Israel156Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv; Israel157Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki; Greece158 International Center for Elementary Particle Physics and Department of Physics, University of Tokyo,Tokyo; Japan159Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto ON; Canada160 (a)TRIUMF, Vancouver BC;(b)Department of Physics and Astronomy, York University, Toronto ON;Canada161Division of Physics and Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, Faculty of Pure and AppliedSciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba; Japan162Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford MA; United States of America163Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Irvine, Irvine CA; United States ofAmerica164University of West Attica, Athens; Greece165University of Sharjah, Sharjah; United Arab Emirates166Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Uppsala, Uppsala; Sweden167Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana IL; United States of America168 Instituto de Física Corpuscular (IFIC), Centro Mixto Universidad de Valencia — CSIC, Valencia; Spain169Department of Physics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC; Canada170Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria BC; Canada171 Fakultät für Physik und Astronomie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg; Germany172Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry; United Kingdom173Waseda University, Tokyo; Japan174Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot; Israel175Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison WI; United States of America176 Fakultät für Mathematik und Naturwissenschaften, Fachgruppe Physik, Bergische Universität Wuppertal,Wuppertal; Germany177Department of Physics, Yale University, New Haven CT; United States of America178Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan; ArmeniaaAlso Affiliated with an institute covered by a cooperation agreement with CERNbAlso at An-Najah National University, Nablus; PalestinecAlso at Borough of Manhattan Community College, City University of New York, New York NY; UnitedStates of AmericadAlso at Center for High Energy Physics, Peking University; ChinaeAlso at Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation (CIRI-AUTH), Thessaloniki; Greecef Also at CERN, Geneva; Switzerlandg Also at CMD-AC UNEC Research Center, Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC); AzerbaijanhAlso at Département de Physique Nucléaire et Corpusculaire, Université de Genève, Genève; SwitzerlandiAlso at Departament de Fisica de la Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona; Spainj Also at Department of Financial and Management Engineering, University of the Aegean, Chios; GreecekAlso at Department of Physics, California State University, Sacramento; United States of AmericalAlso at Department of Physics, King’s College London, London; United KingdommAlso at Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford CA; United States of AmericanAlso at Department of Physics, Stellenbosch University; South AfricaoAlso at Department of Physics, University of Fribourg, Fribourg; SwitzerlandpAlso at Department of Physics, University of Thessaly; GreeceqAlso at Department of Physics, Westmont College, Santa Barbara; United States of America– 45 –JHEP12(2024)116rAlso at Faculty of Physics, Sofia University, ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’, Sofia; BulgariasAlso at Hellenic Open University, Patras; GreecetAlso at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University; Saudi ArabiauAlso at Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avancats, ICREA, Barcelona; SpainvAlso at Institut für Experimentalphysik, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg; GermanywAlso at Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy (INRNE) of the Bulgarian Academy ofSciences, Sofia; BulgariaxAlso at Institute of Applied Physics, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir; MoroccoyAlso at Institute of Particle Physics (IPP); CanadazAlso at Institute of Physics, Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences, Baku; AzerbaijanaaAlso at National Institute of Physics, University of the Philippines Diliman (Philippines); PhilippinesabAlso at Technical University of Munich, Munich; GermanyacAlso at The Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter (CICQM), Beijing; ChinaadAlso at TRIUMF, Vancouver BC; CanadaaeAlso at Università di Napoli Parthenope, Napoli; Italyaf Also at University of Colorado Boulder, Department of Physics, Colorado; United States of AmericaagAlso at Washington College, Chestertown, MD; United States of AmericaahAlso at Yeditepe University, Physics Department, Istanbul; TürkiyeaiAlso at Henan University; China∗Deceased– 46 –
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Hadron-Hadron Scattering
Search for supersymmetry using vector boson fusion signatures and missing transverse momentum in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
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