The Epidemiology, Risk Profiling and Diagnostic Challenges of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
department or school: Medicine, Faculty of
department or school: Non UBC
department or school: Medicine, Department of
data provider: DSpace
identifier citation: Medicines 6 (1): 41 (2019)
creator: Iqbal, Umair
creator: Perumpail, Brandon J.
creator: Akhtar, Daud
creator: Kim, Donghee
creator: Ahmed, Aijaz
issued: 2019-04-12T21:37:02Z
issued: 2019-03-18
description: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a wide spectrum of liver damage from the more prevalent (75%–80%) and nonprogressive nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) category to its less common and more ominous subset, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD is now the most common cause of chronic liver disease in the developed world and is a leading indication for liver transplantation in United States (US). The global prevalence of NAFLD is estimated to be 25%, with the lowest prevalence in Africa (13.5%) and highest in the Middle East (31.8%) and South America (30.4%). The increasing incidence of NAFLD has been associated with the global obesity epidemic and manifestation of metabolic complications, including hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. The rapidly rising healthcare and economic burdens of NAFLD warrant institution of preventative and treatment measures in the high-risk sub-populations in an effort to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with NAFLD. Genetic, demographic, clinical, and environmental factors may play a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. While NAFLD has been linked with various genetic variants, including PNPLA-3, TM6SF2, and FDFT1, environmental factors may predispose individuals to NAFLD as well. NAFLD is more common in older age groups and in men. With regards to ethnicity, in the US, Hispanics have the highest prevalence of NAFLD, followed by Caucasians and then African-Americans. NAFLD is frequently associated with the components of metabolic syndrome, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Several studies have shown that the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, weight loss, and pro-active management of individual components of metabolic syndrome can help to prevent, retard or reverse NAFLD-related liver damage. Independently, NAFLD increases the risk of premature cardiovascular disease and associated mortality. For this reason, a case can be made for screening of NAFLD to fac…
aggregated CHO: https://circle.library.ubc.ca/rest/handle/2429/69655
note: medicinesReviewThe Epidemiology, Risk Profiling and DiagnosticChallenges of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseUmair Iqbal 1,*, Brandon J. Perumpail 2, Daud Akhtar 3, Donghee Kim 4 and Aijaz Ahmed 41 Department of Medicine, Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, Danville, PA 17822, USA2 Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA;brandonperumpail@gmail.com3 Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada;dakhtar@alumni.ubc.ca4 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305,USA; dhkimmd@stanford.edu (D.K.); aijazahmed@stanford.edu (A.A.)* Correspondence: uiqbal@geisinger.edu or umairiqbal_dmc@hotmail.comReceived: 18 February 2019; Accepted: 9 March 2019; Published: 18 March 2019Abstract: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a wide spectrum of liver damagefrom the more prevalent (75%–80%) and nonprogressive nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) categoryto its less common and more ominous subset, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). NAFLD is nowthe most common cause of chronic liver disease in the developed world and is a leading indicationfor liver transplantation in United States (US). The global prevalence of NAFLD is estimated tobe 25%, with the lowest prevalence in Africa (13.5%) and highest in the Middle East (31.8%) andSouth America (30.4%). The increasing incidence of NAFLD has been associated with the globalobesity epidemic and manifestation of metabolic complications, including hypertension, diabetes,and dyslipidemia. The rapidly rising healthcare and economic burdens of NAFLD warrant institutionof preventative and treatment measures in the high-risk sub-populations in an effort to reduce themorbidity and mortality associated with NAFLD. Genetic, demographic, clinical, and environmentalfactors may play a role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. While NAFLD has been linked with variousgenetic variants, including PNP…
has type: Article
is shown at: 10.14288/1.0378169
language: eng
peer review status: Reviewed
provider: Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
publisher DOI: 10.3390/medicines6010041
rights: CC BY 4.0
rights URI: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
scholar level: Faculty
subject: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
subject: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
subject: NAFLD
subject: NASH
subject: Liver biopsy
type: Text
identifier URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2429/69655