TRIUMF
DSpace
TRIUMF brown reports TRI-68-2
TRUIMF
Oakey, J. R.
Choutka, F.
Wallace, W.
Tubbesing, K.
Nussbaum, H.
Smith, M. F.
G .E. Crippen & Associates Ltd.
Underwood, McKinley, Cameron, Wilson & Smith
This report describes the conceptual building design and site layout for TRIUMF, considering the immediate requirement of constructing a workshop, laboratory and office building on the TRIUMF site as well as future expansion of the facility. Services, such as electrical, mechanical, cooling, etc., required for the cyclotron and ancillary equipment are described in some detail, as well as facilities for handling the heavy cyclotron components and radiation shielding blocks, and cost optimization studies were made. A survey of the various materials suitable for radiation shielding considering local availability and cost is included, and overall cost estimates for buildings and radiation shielding are provided.
T R I U M FBUILDING CONCEPT WITH COST ESTIMATES, SITE EXPLORATION AND ENGINEERING DATA FOR A 500 MEV H ' CYCLOTRON FACILITYG .E . Crippen & Associates Ltd.MESON FACILITY OF:UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY OF VICTORIAUNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA TRI-68-2TRI-68-2TRIUMFBUILDING CONCEPT WITH COST ESTIMATES, SITE EXPLORATION AND ENGINEERING DATA FOR A 500 MEV H" CYCLOTRON FACILITYG.E. Crippen £ Associates Ltd.Prepared byJ.R. Oakeyassisted byF. Choutka W. Wallace K.TubbesingH. NussbaumofG.E. Crippen £ Associates Ltd.andM.F. SmithofUnderwood, McKinley, Cameron, Wi 1 son £ Smi thPostal Address:TRIUMFUniversity of British Columbia Vancouver 8 , B.C.Canada July 1968SUMMARYThis report describes the conceptual building design and site layout for TRIUMF, considering the immediate require­ment of constructing a workshop, laboratory and office building on the TRIUMF site as well as future expansion of the faci1ity.Services, such as electrical, mechanical, cooling, etc., required for the cyclotron and ancillary equipment are described in some detail, as well as facilities for hand­ling the heavy cyclotron components and radiation shield­ing blocks, and cost optimization studies were made. A survey of the various materials suitable for radiation shielding considering local availability and cost is included, and overall cost estimates for buildings and radiation shielding are provided.i iC O N T E N T SPage1 . INTRODUCTION 12. SCOPE 33. CRITERIA 43.1 General 43.2 General Criteria 43.3 Detailed CrIterla 44. SUB SURFACE EXPLORATION 64.1 General 64.2 Cri teria 64.3 References 64.4 Site Exploration 74.5 Conclusion 7BU SITE PLANNING AND SITE SERVICES 95.1 General 95.2 References 95.3 Exhibits 95.4 Site Planning 95.5 Site Service - Sanitary Sewer 125.6 Site Services - 12.5 KV supply 136 . SHIELDING 166.1 General 166.2 Criteria 166.3 References 166.4 Exhibits 176.5 Permanent Shielding 186.6 Semi-Permanent Shielding 216.7 Movable Shielding 216.8 Low Residual Activity Lining 247. HANDLING 307.1 General 307.2 Exhibits 307.3 Criteria 307.4 Equipment 317.5 Estimates 368. BUILDINGSCOILD8.1 General 388.2 References 388.3 Exhibits 38i i iPage8.4 Main Experimental Facility 398.5 Hydrogen Store 468.6 Cooling Tower 468.7 Substation 468.8 Office Laboratory and Workshop Complex 468.9 Estimates 46MECHANICAL SERVICES 499.1 General 499.2 Cooling Water Systems 499.3 Air-Conditioning Systems 509.4 Compressed Air Systems 529.5 Gas Detection System 529.6 Active Waste Retention and Disposal 539.7 Independent Exhausters 539.8 Fire Protection 539.9 Domestic Services 539.10 Estimates 54ELECTRICAL SERVICES 5610.1 General 5610.2 12.5 KV Systems 5610.3 Transformation 5610.4 600/347V Systems 5710.5 120/208V Systems 5710.6 Emergency Systems 5810.7 Est i mates 58COSTS 5911.1 General 5911.2 Facilities Construction 5911.3 Shielding and Supplementary Cranes 60SCHEDULE 62ivPageTABLE A Comparison of Shielding Materials 26TABLE B Cost of Shielding Walls of DifferentHeights 27TABLE C Cost of One Lineal Foot of 20' HighShielding Wall of Different Materials 28TABLE D Chemical Analysis of Marble & Travertine 29TABLE E Cranes, Experimental Area 34TABLE F Cranes, Above Local Control Room Level 35TABLE G Cooling Tower 55TABLE H Engineering S Construction Schedule 63LIST OF TABLESvDRAWING 1 DRAWING 2 DRAWING 3 DRAWING 4 DRAWING 5DRAWING 6 DRAWING 7 DRAWING 8LIST OF DRAWINGS Site ArrangementLocal Control Room 6 Intermediate Levels Experimental & Lower Vault Levels SectionsLocal Control Room £ Intermediate Levels - ShieldingExperimental S Lower Vault Levels - ShieldingSections - ShieldingsPerspectivev iINTRODUCTIONThe nuclear particle accelerator which is to be located on Lot 11 of the South Campus of the University of British Columbia is described in detail by the reports referred to under Section 3, CRITERIA.It will be 67 feet in diameter over the magnets and weigh approxi­mately 4,000 short tons without shielding. Beams of particles extracted simultaneously from the accelerator will be directed to different experimental areas through the use of bending and focusing magnets.Housing and support services for the accelerator, beams and experimental areas will consist of:1. An experimental facility building, suitable for future extension, housing both the accelerator and the initially required experimental areas.2. Environment control for the experimental facility with high and low air pressure zones for the occupied and high radiation areas, respectively, with high capacity hydrogen exhausters from each of the experimental areas.3. Alternating and direct current supplies.4. Demineralized cooling water (for magnet cooling, radio­frequency equipment cooling, etc.).5. General services normal to an industrial facility.6. Shielding, provided by the structural materials, the fill materials around the experimental facility or internal movable shielding units, singly or in combination.7. A separate office and laboratory and workshop complex will be provided on the site but located so as to clear future extensions to the main experimental facility. This complex will be completed before the main experimental facility in order to permanently house the development staff of the facility as- 2 -early as possible for best efficiency while construction of the main experimental facility is in progress.8. Liquid hydrogen storage In an isolated building.9. A water cooling structure.The site is completely serviced by the University of British Columbia to the property lines with the exception of the required 12.5 KV servi ce.- 3 -2. SCOPE2.1 The scope of this report consists of:1. Study of all alternative concepts acceptable to the TRIUMF group within the limits of economic construction practice,and preparation of a preliminary design using the best features.2. Investigation and analysis of sub-surface conditions for their capabilities as foundation supports for the anticipated loading.3. Study covering the availability and cost of shielding materials readily available in the Vancouver area and their effect upon construction costs.NU Study covering the suitability and cost of material handlingequipment related to building cost.5. Capital cost estimates covering the housing and support servicesfor the accelerator and ancillary equipment.2.2 This study recognizes and incorporates the requirements of the accelerator and its immediate ancillaries as given by the TRIUMF group. These are outside the scope of this study and consist of the following:1. Cyclotron magnets support structures and integral shielding2. Vacuum, ion injection, radio-frequency, power (from the load side terminals of the 12.5 KV switchgear), control and instrumentation systems for the accelerator3. Beam magnetsNU Power, control and instrumentation systems for the beam magnets(from the load side terminals of the 12.5 KV switchgear)5. Capital cost estimates covering the accelerator and its ancillary equipment6 . The neutron target- k -3. CRITERIA3.1 GeneralThis section lists the general and detailed criteria upon which the concept and preliminary engineering summarized in this report have been based.3.2 General CriteriaThe three general criteria by which this report was guided are utility, flexibility and cost.The very nature of experimental physics males Its advancement generally unpredictable, so that flexibility to allow for change in the Initial development and for expansion is required. This unpredictable direction of change In experimental physics makes provision for all possible changes economically unacceptable.To obtain the greatest practicable flexibility, the following were considered:1. Largest available site.2. Optimum location on site to allow for possible future expans 1 o n .3. Largest housing space from the available capital funds combined with structural simplicity allowing modification and expansion.The general criteria of minimum cost Is compatible with the utilitarian nature of the project and with structural simplicity.3.3 Detailed CriteriaThe detailed criteria upon which this report has been based include:1. TRIUMF Proposal and Cost Estimate, November 1966.2. TRIUMF Interim Report on Beams, Buildings and Site, July 1967.3. TRIUMF Annual Report, December 1967-The foregoing proposal and reports are not included In this report.The detailed criteria are described in each relevant section of this report.- 6 -G U SUB-SURFACE EXPLORATION 4 .1 GeneralThis section describes the site with respect to its structural suitability for this project.The site lies to the east of the dead-ended roundabout at the southern extremity of Wesbrook Crescent (Site 11 on the Underhill & Underhill Dwg. 1122-1). It has been inspected, relevant geological experience has been collected and samples of foundation soil have been secured from a single hole at the centre of the si te.G UC Cri teriaFor this project a bearing pressure of approximately 9,000 lb/ft2 will be required coincident with minimum settlement.4 .3 ReferencesReferences used in the preparation of this section include:1. Geological Survey of Canada Paper BBOEP "Surficial Geology of Vancouver Area, B.C." By J.E. Armstrong, Ottawa 1956.2. Report "Preliminary Subsoil Investigation, Proposed New Building for the B.C. Research Council" by R.A. Spence Ltd., dated February 9, 1967.3. Drill hole log "U.B.C. Bio-Science Well No. 1" dated April 8 , 1966.NU "Report on Subsoil Investigation for Proposed U.B.C. Header House, Department of Agriculture" by A.B. Hamilton of Banff Testing Laboratory, dated October 23, 1961.5. Copies of seven drill logs for the U.B.C. Endowment Lands,drilled by Engineering Drillers Ltd., Pacific Water Well- 7 -and the B.C. Department of Highways between 1956 and 1963, courtesy of the Water Resources Service, Department of Lands, Forests and Water Resources in Victoria, B.C.The foregoing references are not included in this report.4.4 Site ExplorationDrill hole DH 1 was commenced in the approximate centre of the site on December 11, 1967 and was terminated on December 19, 1967 at a depth of 103 feet below grade. Sampling in the silty and gravelly sand in its normally-consolidated upper phase ("Newton Stony Clay") and even in the dense, over-consolidated lower phase ("Surrey Till") proved difficult. A sufficiently continuous core was recovered. Samplesof this core at an average spacing of four feet were stored in sealed containers for later tests. The total length of the hole remained within these glacio-marine and glacial deposits, en­countering occasionally very sandy or stony pockets. No clay was encountered. No mud losses occurred in the hole except possibly some slight loss near its lower end. To prevent surface water entering the hole and thereby softening and loosening local zones, the hole was grouted after completion.4. 5 Conclusion4.5.1 The site offers foundation conditions suitable to the requirements of the project, and these are expected to be uniform over the project area. They are generally better than indicated by previous general geological surveys and will not impose serious restrictions on the depth of foundations.4.5.2 The allowable bearing pressure will be in excess of the maximum of 9,000 lb/ft2 generally required and may be up to 30,000 lb/ft2 at depth for footings with proper length-to-width ratios.4.5.3 Initial plus long-term settlements will be less than one inch.- 8 -4.5.4 Further tests should be performed in the detailed engineering phase of the project to determine exact quantitative data with respect to loads and settlement and to determine rate and direction of groundwater movement.- 9 -5. SITE PLANNING S SITE SERVICES5.1 GeneralThis section covers the location and geometry of the site, its immediate and future utilization, and existing and required site services.5.2 ReferencesReferences used in the preparation of this section include:U.B.C., Drawing, dated April, 1966, Wesbrook CrescentExtens ionU.B.C., Drawing, dated March, 1967, Wesbrook CrescentRe-locationU.B.C., Drawing, dated 11 May 1967, Services CompositePlanU.B.C., Drawing, dated 18 Aug 1967, Temporary 4KV SouthCampus LineUnderhill & Underhill, Drawing 1122-1, Survey Control,South Campus AreaTRIUMF Sketch A043, Site Arrangement The foregoing references are not included in this report.5.3 Exhibi tsThe following drawings have been prepared conforming with the criteria and are included with the drawings listed under Section 13:Drawing 1 Site ArrangementDrawing 8 Perspective5.4 Site PlanningLocated in the South Campus of the University of British Columbia, TRIUMF will form part of a long-term university development. Drawing 1 - Site Arrangement shows the location. The site is Lot 11 of the South Campus, as shown on the Underhill and- 10 -Underhill Drawing 1122-1, and occupies 6.58 acres at approximately 200 feet above sea level.The location of the allotted site places complete restriction on long-term future expansion of the facility to the west but allows the possibility of long-term future expansion onto the north, south and east properties. The north and south properties are controlled by the University and are not at present reserved for use involving permanent structures. All property to the east is controlled by the Provincial Government and may be difficultto secure for long-term future expansion.Factors which could affect the South Campus areas and which wererecognized in site planning include:1. Public health and safety, above grade radiation, radiation to ground (buried services), atmospheric contamination (from discharge of ventilation air), ground water contamina­tion (from radiation to ground) and transportation of activated material.2. Public nuisance due to radio-frequency emission and back­ground radiation affecting communication centres and research establi shments.3. Aesthetics.The size of the allotted site is sufficient for the immediate facility and for short-term expansion. It is the largest available site in the least restricted area of the campus.Factors which affected the on-site planning include:1. Best space utilization.2. Traffic (Control of entry).3. Aesthetics.- 11 -As shown on drawing 1, the approximately rectangular shape of the main Initial facility, the experimental building, dictated an east-west orientation of its long side to coincide with the greatest site dimension. A south location on the site was dictated by the requirement of major expansion to the north.It was decided to separate the office, laboratory and experimental workshop complex from the main experimental facility in order to reduce the number of constraints to the expansion of the main facility and in order to allow an early commencement of construction for the complex. The earlier completion is required to house the increasing number of persons engaged upon development work for the accelerator and its ancillaries. The location of the complex will not interfere with any projected future extension to the main experimental facility and will permit control of entry of personnel and materials. Detailed design of this complex has commenced and is not described in this report.Location of the cooling tower was governed by the opposing requirements of first, obtaining an efficient routing of supply and return water pipes which would avoid activation or encroach­ment on future extensions, and secondly, avoidance of plume nuisance to the main building service annex.Location of the liquid hydrogen storage building was governed by least site obstruction and by safety.Site planning for the project was also affected by the depth below grade at which the main experimental building floor level will be located. This depth was partly governed by its relationship to the local control room floor level, which requires mobile equipment access to be from outside finished grade. For the majority of anticipated foundation loads, depth of the building below grade is not governed by sub-soil conditions. The local control room floor elevation was established with respect to- 12 -the original grade to result In a balanced cut and fill earth operation. This results In a total shielding path from the primary beam axis, through the line of least concrete plus earth, to the ground surface slightly in excess of the equivalent concrete shielding requirement. For the areas adjacent to the accelerator, a local earthfill berm above grade will be provided.A security fence will surround the complete facility and contain two gates. Continuous entry and exit control to project personnel, equipment, materials and visitors will be conducted at the gate beside the workshop building using continuously operating monitoring devices. The secondary access at the south-west corner will be opened only for deliveries of large items of equipment.In addition to an allowance of $17,000 for landscaping within the site boundaries, an additional allowance of $100,000 has been included in the estimates under Sub-section 8.9 for improvement of the existing 100-foot width of natural screening growth outside the site boundaries.The project will be subject to continuing review and control by the University of British Columbia to ensure conformity with the University's requirements.5.5 Site Service - Sanitary SewerOf the existing services only the sanitary sewer will have to be modified. This will involve a relocation as near as possible to the easterly property line to avoid activation of effluent by the neutron facility. The depth of the sanitary sewer will allow a gravity connection from the facility.- 13 -5 .6 Site Services - 12.5 KV Supply5.6.1 Cri teriaPower requirements for this project will rise from less than one MVA at the time of completion of the office, laboratory and experimental workshop complex, through 10.5 MVA in 1973, to 15 MVA by the middle of 1980. Power will be supplied at 12.5 KV to an assembly of metalclad switchgear in the electrical room of the service annex of the main experimental building.The following criteria were established and used in preparing cost est i mates:1. The standards of the Department of Physical Plant,University of British Columbia, require that all 12.5 KVcables must be installed in concrete encased ducts.Overhead lines or direct-buried cable will not be per­mitted on the campus.2. Power supply for the project should be obtained from aseparate 12.5 KV bus, preferably under the control ofTRIUMF personnel.3. Voltage variation at the 12.5 KV metalclad switchgear busmust not exceed plus or minus 1%.Frequency variation must not exceed plus or minus 0.5 cycle/sec. (Normal variation from 60 cycle is 0.02 cycle/sec.generally and during system disturbance, 0.50 cycle/sec.)5.6.2 Est i matesAlternative sources of supply were investigated and the capitalcost of each estimated as follows:1. A separate 12.5 KV bus in the existing Agronomy Road Substation,thence by cable in underground duct to the service annex.(Cable route length 7,200 feet.) Estimated cost $189,000.- ii» -2. A new substation in the University Reserve Area, thenceby underground cable in duct to the service annex. (Cable route length 2,600 feet.) Estimated cost $154 ,000.3. A new substation located on the project site with 12.5 KV cables in duct to the switchgear in the service annex.(Cable route length 200 feet.) Estimated cost $101,000.G U A new substation located in the University Endowment Lands, thence by undergound cable in duct to the service annex.(Cable route length 600 feet.) This is subject to acquisi­tion of a site for the substation on the Endowment lands and agreement with B.C. Hydro and Power Authority to construct a substation which would remain under B.C. Hydro control. Estimated cost $110,000 (plus site acquisition).5. A new substation located on the area reserved for University vehicles with cable in underground duct to the service annex. (Cable route length 650 feet.) Estimated cost $107,000.6 . A new substation located on the area reserved for a tree nursery with cable in underground duct to the service annex. (Cable route length 650 feet.) Estimated cost $ 107,0 0 0 .5.6.3 Conclusion and RecommendationsAlternative 4, a substation on the University Endowment Lands, is not favoured by either the University or B.C. Hydro and Power Authority, due to the necessity of acquiring land. This alternative is not the most economical to the project and will not be considered further.All of the remaining alternatives are technically acceptable provided that, if it should be decided that alternatives 1 or 2 be adopted, an independent 12.5 KV bus must be provided to serve TRIUMF only. The cost estimates allow for this requirement.- 15 -The most economical alternative for this project is alternative 3, with a substation on the project site. There is space on the site, to the south-east of the accelerator, sufficient for this substation, without limiting future expansion to the south of the accelerator. Therefore, the financial burden attributable to TRIUMF for involvement in alternatives 1 or 2 should be limited to $101,000. Alternatives 5 or 6 may be attractive to TRIUMF, however, as for an additional cost of only $6,000, there will not be any site area reserved for substation use.- 16 -6 . SHIELDING6.1 GeneralThis section covers the availability, cost and effectiveness of different shieldings for the diversified requirements of the facility. It is not restricted by the form of the accelerator housing or the experimental facility.6 .2 CriteriaShielding thicknesses for each element of the project have been defined by the TRIUMF physicists on sketch A032 in terms of normal structural concrete weighing 150 lbs/ft3. These thick­nesses have been determined by the requirements of biological safety and permissible background radiation for experimental measurement purposes. The experimental requirement is generally more stringent than the safety requirement.Shielding effectiveness for each available material is a function of density and atomic weight. For most of the commonly available materials the average effective atomic weights are nearly the same. Therefore, for these materials density only has been cons i dered.6 .3 ReferencesReferences used in the preparation of this section include:1. M. Barbier, "Radioactivity Induced in Building Materials", CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research, CERN-67-25-2. L.P. Robertson, "Consideration for the Shielding Study", (TRIUMF) Private Communication.3. TRIUMF Sketch A-032*G U I.M. Thorson, "Answers to Questions on Cyclotron Shielding" and "TRIUMF Shielding and Activation", (AECL) Private Communication.- 17 -5. I.M. Thorson, "Shielding and Activation in a 500 MeV H" Cyclotron Facility", TRI-68-4.The foregoing references are not included in this report.6 U G Exh i b i tsThe following tables have been prepared upon the basis of the criteria and this shielding study. They are referred to in the text and are included at the end of this section for convenience.Table A :This table shows the weight/volume, cost/volume and cost/ weight ratios.Table B :This table shows the total cost, inclusive of building space cost, of one lineal foot of wall for different shielding walls, each of a thickness to give the equivalent protection of a shielding wall of normal concrete 10 feet thick for varying heights between 10 and 25 feet. An evaluation of building costs for various sizes, shapes and materials of construction for the main acclerator and experimental building envelope shows that a cost of $30 per square foot of plan area is the proper charge for additional bulk. It is appreciated that this unit area cost will change in accordance with the final design, but the amount of such change will be insufficient to affect the cost relationships established by this section of the report.Table C :This table shows graphically the total cost for one lineal foot (in plan) for shielding walls of differing materials (and therefore thickness) related to a shielding wall of normal concrete 10 feet thick and 20 feet high. This presentation duplicates the information shown in Table B for 20-foot-high shielding walls but illustrates the build­ing cost factor more clearly.- 18 -Table D :This table is a copy of an analysis of locally available materials reviewed for use as low residual activity lining and will be discussed later.6.5 Permanent ShieldingPermanent shielding is less costly than semi-permanent or movable shielding. An obvious location for permanent shielding is around the accelerator and may consist of either loose materials such as native fill, sand and gravel, or manufactured materials such as concrete in its many combinations of constituent materials.Table B shows that for shielding over 10 feet high uncontained native materials, sand or gravel, are more economical than manufactured materials, even when the building cost penalty due to bulk is considered. However, where loose fill materials would have to be contained by inner and outer reinforced concrete retaining walls, such as within the building around the accelerator end walls, the contained loose fill cost approaches the cost of in-situ concrete TWCHS including building penalty). Contained loose fill shielding would not be as convenient to break through (for additional beams) as in-situ concrete. The costsof contained loose fills have not been included in Tables B or C.Normal or lean mix concrete will be favoured for permanent shielding within the building as it is the most economical of the manufactured shielding materials and can be drilled as required for additional particle beams or service access.Cast in place (in-situ) concrete is at least 17% more economical than pre-cast concrete. A cost analysis of various sizes of pre-cast units and equivalent thicknesses of in-situ concrete was completed. Both types were estimated in the erected condition. Refer to Table A. While it is recognized that the facility staff and- 19 -equipment may be used to erect the pre-cast units, the handling (from storage on site) and erection costs for the 3 x 3 x 7“foot blocks of $13*00/cu. yard would have to be reduced to $3.00/cu. yard to achieve parity with in-situ concrete. Handling, painting and erection costs for solid standard concrete building blocks were estimated to be $32.00/cu. yard, requiring a reduction of to $20.00/cu yard to be competitive with in-situ concrete.In general, pre-cast concrete becomes competitive with in-situ concrete for light structures where low bulk would result in a high ratio of formwork to concrete and/or where significant structural heights, and therefore scaffolding costs, are i nvolved.Either in-situ or pre-cast concrete can be used as a structural element. This latter economy has not been included in Tables B and C.High density concrete for permanent shielding is relatively expensive as shown on Tables B and C. Steel punchings were found to have advantage as a heavy coarse aggregate. The purchase cost of punchings of $70.00/ton plus the increased concrete handling cost are the causes of higher cost of heavy concrete.A scheduling disadvantage of the use of punchings is the required delivery time of six months for the quantities under consideration. However, if the utility of a particular space should not be governed wholly by economic considerations, then this aggregate may be used to reduce the thickness of permanent shielding as required. In addition to steel punchings, mill scale, pig iron, lead ore and lead shot were considered for use as a coarse aggregate for concrete.- 20 -These coarse aggregates compare as follows:AggregateSteel Punch­ings 1/4" x 3/8" <j> to 5/8" x 1"<J>Mill ScalePig Iron7" x 7" x A"Lead Ore Lead ShotDens ? ty 308 lb/ft3160 lb/ft3Approx.25 lb each (A50 lb/ft3)250 lb/ft3 47 lb/ft3Void PurchaseRatio Cost37% $70/ton deliveredto s i teSee text $2A/ton deliveredbelow to site$69/ton delivered to site$100/ton uncrushed at Pine Point37% $280/ton deliveredto siteSamples of mill scale obtained were fine granular, similar to sand and not suitable for coarse aggregate. Its generally contaminated condition combined with its low density (sand has a density of 120 lb/ft3) and its high cost (sand costs $2.50/ton) render mill scale unacceptable for use as fine aggregate.The size of the pig iron octahedrons dictate either crushing or intrusion grouting, and this procedure would render it uneconomical for use as a coarse aggregate especially when the resultant concrete density would be approximately the same as for concrete with steel punchings i.e. 363 lb/ft3.Lead ore is relatively scarce, would have to be crushed and screened and is too costly for use. Lead shot as aggregate gives a concrete density of 502 lb/ft3 at an in-situ cost of $135 per 1000 lb of- 21 -heavy concrete. This again is more costly, per 1000 lb, than concrete with steel punchings.6.6 Semi-Permanent ShieldingThis type of shielding consists of removable columns and beams which may also support services such as cranes, pipes, cables, ducts, etc. Provisions for the removal or relocation of these elements would be made, allowing the arrangement of the facility to be changed as required. The size of beams and columns would be governed by the crane lifting capacity of 100 tons. Cast in place or pre-cast construction methods can be employed, depending on the economy in each particular case. Preliminary studies show that the main beams in the experimental area will have to be subdivided horizontally to keep the weight below 100 tons. No exact cost estimate for this type of structural shielding can be made prior to detailed engineering. However, the cost will be between the cost of permanent shielding and movable shielding.Compacted local backfill or gravel could also be considered as semi-permanent shielding and will be the lowest cost solution in places where structural requirements do not have to be considered, i.e. external to the building.6 .7 Movable ShieldingExperience with movable shielding in other accelerator facilities indicates that rectangular modular concrete blocks are generally the most economical and flexible. These blocks can be either normal concrete or heavy concrete, depending upon available space.Interlocking blocks have not been very successful, due to their lesser flexibility in placement and the damage sustained to the projections during handling.- 22 -Embedded steel angles designed to protect the edges of blocks have caused placement problems due to inaccurate embedding. When used, edge protection angles should be preassembled accurately in a jig and welded prior to casting, which is expensive. Instead of steel edge guards, the blocks can be provided with one-inch minimum round or straight chamfers on all edges. Voids formed by chamfers may be filled with lead rope where necessary. Steel forms will be used to provide plain, smooth surfaces and close tolerances.Layers of plywood may be used for bedding between blocks in most locations. Weak concrete may also be used but causes dust when disassembled. Where the bedding planes are in the 1ine-of-sIght of the radiation source, lead foil of a thickness sufficient to fill the gap and of a width sufficient to attenuate the radiation will be used.Wall shielding blocks will be equipped with recesses on both sides, to accommodate the tines of fork lifts, and recessed lifting lugs in the top face for crane handling. To allow handling of wall shielding blocks outside of crane services areas of normal fork lift trucks, the weight will be limited to a maximum of 5 tons.Shielding beams for ceilings of the experimental igloos, beam tunnel roofs, etc. will not be limited to 5 tons as they can be efficiently handled by crane.All blocks and beams will be coated to eliminate dust during handling operations.The cost of shielding blocks varies with their size and number required. Variations of types and sizes of beams and blocks will be kept to a minimum to improve the economy of manufacture and the flexibility of use of these elements. A shielding block- 23 -3 ' x 3 1 x 7' (approximately 4.75 tons) would cost approximately $106 delivered to the site. The price is based on a requirement of approximately 1,000 blocks in one year. The TRIUMF group could achieve a saving by buying portable steel forms and having the blocks cast on site by a ready-mix concrete firm, whenever additional blocks are required. Including depreciation and maintenance of the steel forms, labour cost for handling, finishing and curing, the costs would be approximately $98 per block stored on site.A roof shielding beam 2' x 3' x 25' (approximately 11.25 tons) with nominal reinforcement sufficient for self support would cost approximately $300 delivered to the site. This price is based on a requirement of approximately 450 beams in one year.The cost of transporting shielding blocks from a storage or curing area on site and their installation, including the setting of plywood or lead foils, Is estimated at $31 approximately per block.In summary, normal concrete movable shielding cast in 5~ton blocks will cost approximately $58 per cubic yard if supplied by a pre-cast concrete manufacturer, and will cost $5** per cubic yard if cast on site by TRIUMF. It should be noted that to secure the saving of $4 per cubic yard, careful organization and use of experienced tradesmen would be required of TRIUMF.Half blocks weighing 2.5 tons each are estimated to cost approximately $70 per cubic yard in the required location based upon supply from a pre-cast concrete manufacturer. The number of half blocks will be kept to a minimum.In locations where either limited space or high attenuation requirements exist, the higher density materials shown in Table- 24 -A, II Movable Shielding, I terns 6 to 8 inclusive, may be used.The price of $90 per 1000 lbs of pig iron is based upon a block size weighing 2 tons. Zinc, which Is about the same density as pig iron, costs $300 per 1000 lbs and does not warrant further consideration as a shielding material.6.8 Low Residual Activity LiningSome areas of the facility will be finished with replaceable lining having a low residual activity characteristic. This type of lining will enable personnel to enter these areas immediately after shut-down.European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN conducted investi­gations and research in this field and the results are summarized in the report "Radioactivity Induced in Building Materials" by M. Barbier. This report showed that carbon, Carrara marble, Vaurion rock and Chemtree 20 retain the lowest gamma activity after irradiation.Since pure carbon is not suitable as a building material and as French Vaurion rock would be an expensive import, only marble and Chemtree 20 were considered as lining material.The efficiency of different types of marbles as a low residual activity lining depends on their purity as calcium carbonate. Several samples of imported Carrara marble and Travertine marble were obtained from local masonry companies and a chemical analysis of each was completed. These analyses are shown in Table D. Estimates by I.M. Thorson, Atomic Energy of Canada Ltd., indicate that a six-inch thick marble lining would be sufficient. As the impurities of the constructed lining should be kept to a minimum, mortar joints will be avoided or Chemtree 20 will be used as mortar. To reduce the number of joints in the lining material and to keep the costs at a minimum, the largest blocksof lining material that can be handled will be used. These blocks would have to be provided with recesses to allow handling by fork- lift, and an anchoring system to the backwall may have to be devised.Six-inch-thick Carrara marble slabs cut in regular rectangular blocks can be obtained for a price of $5 per square foot delivered to the Vancouver area. Travertine marble with a similar calcium content can be obtained for approximately $*» per square foot delivered to the Vancouver area. Installation costs of Travertine marble will be the same as for Carrara Marble, i.e. approximately $2 per square foot.Chemtree 20 is a metallic mortar with low activation characteristics when exposed to high energy protons and neutrons, and rates in this respect next to limestone, as shown in the CERN reports on Radio­activity Induced in Building Materials. Chemtree 20 is manufactured in Central Valley, N.Y., and shipped in the form of a dry powder which is mixed with water and placed without applying heat or pressure. The chemical composition is about BPH oxygen, 36% calcium, 7.5H carbon, WH silicon, 1.5% aluminum, 1% hydrogen and MH other elements. The possibility of pre-casting Chemtree blocks for use as low activation lining in lieu of marble blocks was considered. While the advantage of being able to pre-cast Chemtree 20 blocks of almost any desirable shape Is considerable, it was found that the installed price would be approximately $7-50 per square foot compared to $6 per square foot for Travertine marble blocks. Since marble has lower activation characteristics, the use of marble rather than Chemtree 20 is indicated. This conclusion would have to be reviewed, if the lining of ceilings should become desirable.Limestone deposits in southern British Columbia are generally badly fractured by tectonic action. For this reason those deposits that are being worked produce only broken material for further crushing. Dressed limestone is not currently available in British Columbia.If dressed limestone could be produced, the cost for the quantity required would be greater than the cost of either of the two imported marbles.- 25 -TABLE ACOMPARISON O r SH I EH— D ING M A TE R IA LS - 26 -M a te r ia ls Wt/Unit Vol. Cost/Unit Vol. Cost/Unit tyt. R em ark stb /cu y d $ /c u y d $/lOOOlbI P e rm a n e n t & S em i -p e rm a n e n t S h ie ld in gE o r th B a c k f il l 2 ,COO 1 5 0 o .e oCom pacted L o c a l B a c k f il l 3 ,5 2 0 3 .50 LOO S ilty S an dG rave l o r S and 3, 2AO 8 .5 0 2 .0 0 \L e a n Mix C onc re teN o rm a l C on c re teH e a v y C onc re te (Steel Punchings]3 ,3 /5 4, 0 5 0 3 ,8 0 04 0 .0 04 8 .0 0 375 . OO1 0 .0 01 2 .0 03 8 .2 0A ssum ed 4 ' th ick w a l l .> P r ic e in c lu d e s 13.5 sq f t fo rm w o rkHeavy Concre te (L e a d Shots) t3 ,e o o 1830 . OO 1 3 4 .CO /U Movable Sh ield ingN o rm a l C o n c re te B locks *Std. 8"*Q"*ie" Solid Cone. B locks ' R e in f Cone Ceiling B e am s *4 , 05 0 3 ,8 9 0 A 0 5 058 .00 6 0 .0 06 7 .0 014.3015.50ie .5 0t.<7' Based on 3'x3'*V'blocks w ith 20% K h a l f sizre blocks f C on c re te d e n s ity lower.S u r fa c e n o t sm oo th .\ S h a rp edges , w ill ch ipHeavy Cone Blocks [Steel Punchings) 9 ,8 0 0 3 8 5 .0 0 3 9 .3 0Heavy Cone Blocks [Lead Shots) 13, COO 1 ,8 4 0 .0 0 / 35 .3 0P ig I r o n Blocks 12, 2 0 0 1,10 0 .0 0 9 0 .00Steel Blocks 13, 2 3 0 3 5 0 0 .0 0 2 8 5 .0 0L e ad Blocks /9 ,/VO 5700.00 300 . OOZ in c Blocks /1 ,900 3 5 €>0.00 * 3 0 0 .0 0in Low R es id u a l A c tiv ity P in ingM a rb le Bloc ks ■4,900 3 2 4 .0 0 e e .o o P r ic e fo r inc to !le d blocksC h em tre e B locks 3 ,380 350 .0 0 1 0 4 .0 0C o n e re te b locks £ beoms p o in te d Ton dust p re v e n tio nT A B L E A- 29 -T /K B L E DC H E M IC A L A N A L Y S IS O E M A R B L E <5C O M P A O C R I ASC o n te n tTravertinem a rb /esupp /iedbyC a rra ram a rb /esuppliedbyC a r ra ra marb /e s upp/ied byLocalHaddington Andes! te For compart son Remar/csCOntinental marble a n d g ran ite ltd .M c d o n a ld J A & C H l t dMo/s tu n e 0.10 % 0 .0 4 % 0.08 % 0 . 0 9 %Loss on Ignitionf c o 2)42.50 % 42.6 0 % 4 3 .4 0 % 0.84 %Iro nNr HE —DG0.55 % 0.6 1 % 0 .3 7 % 1.20 %A lum in iumTM La —D G0 .1 3 % O. T\17 % 0 .2 / % / .76 %C a l c iu rn (C o O )54.9 0 % 54.80 % 5 4 . 9 0 % 0 .0 / %M a g n c s iu m (M g C>)0.38 % 0.34 % 0.6 4 % 0 .5 / %S i / ic.a ( S iO a )0 .9 4 % O .6 4 % 0 .22 % 93.40 %S o d ium(No2 a )--- --- ---- 1 .9 2 %T A B LE D- 30 -7. HANDLING7.1 GeneralThis section covers the lifting and transportation capabilities of the cranes and elevators that will be provided with the main experimental facility.7.2 Exhi bi tsThe following drawings have been prepared on the basis of the criteria and are included with the drawings listed under Section 3. Drawing 5: Set-Up and Intermediate Levels - ShieldingDrawing 6 : Experimental and Lower Vault Levels - ShieldingDrawing AO Sections - ShieldingThe following graphs have been prepared for use in this handling study and are included in sub-section 7*^ of this report:Table E: Cranes, Set-up Areas, Cost/Capacity S Cost/SpanTable F: Cranes, Experimental Area, Cost/Capacity SCost/Span7.3 Cri teriaAll cranes will be of intermittent duty type, with high placement accuracy similar to those used in power plants.All elevators will be of the passenger plus freight type.L i ftedArea Loads Speeds Governing UseHoi st Trolley BridgeSet Up 100T10 75 150 fpm Magnet sub-assembly.Vault roof shielding beams 3'2M x V O " x 105'0"25^ 10 75 150 fpm Local control rooms12'0" wide x 3 0'0" long maximum.- 31 -AreaLiftedLoads Speeds Hoi st Hoist trolley bridgeGoverning UseExperi- 20menta18 16 16 fpm Experimental equip­ment. Igloo roof shielding beams.Eleva- 4000 lb tors200 fpm 6 1 x 8 1 cab wi th automatic levelling.7.4 Equipment7.4.1 High Level Cranes over Local Control Room Level:As the largest individual cost item in this section would be the crane required to service the accelerator and the local control room level, mobile crane rentals were investigated and found to be limited to a capacity of 82 tons at a 12'0" radius at a cost of $11,000 per month or $60 per hour. These costs, considered in conjunction with either the increased building volume necessary to accommodate mobile cranes or the costs necessary to provide removable building segments, dictated the rejection of rented mobile equipment. Bridge crane costs were graphed in the various combinations of capacity and span as shown in Table F.From the cost/capacity graphs, two cranes each with two 25-ton trolleys were selected as being the most economical and flexible. The cost/ span graphs were prepared to assess the effect of building span on crane costs for use In securing the final crane cost as the building concept became finalized: This latter graph did not govern craneselection as the building span is dictated by the accelerator vault.A lifting beam may not be required for the magnet assembly, as each 100-ton sub-assembly can be ordered with four lifting lugs. However, the individual geometry of these lugs in each magnet sub-assembly and their orientation with respect to crane bridges will have to be optimized to reduce the amount of crane snatch tackle required.- 32 -The hook allowance of ten feet over the vault shielding for transport across will be sufficient for a four point lifting frame if found to be necessary. Fifty-ton lifting beams will be required to transport the vault roof shielding beams. For 100-ton lifts, the cranes will be controlled from one cab by means of control cross connects. The fortunate coincidence of two bridge cranes being the most economical also gave the benefit of simultaneous use, for loads less than 50 tons, over the complete local control room floor and over the experimental floor. This factor will relieve the demand for lifting facilities In the experimental areas in early stages of research, up to the time of installation of a comprehensive floor system over the individual experimental areas. Cost benefit studies were made for the extension of these cranes over Area 1.The minimum required travel for these cranes is from over Area P to over the accelerator vault. Extensions of travel of the two 50-ton cranes to include Area 1 results in the following benefits:1. Saving in capital cost due to elimination of separate faci1ities for- local control rooms;floor hatches, pre-cast floor beams and centre columns under;- beam tunnel roof shielding;- most of the neutron facility; andthe pre-assembly of experimental equipment at the local control room level.2. Use optimization of storage areas by allowing for the storage of vault roof shielding beams over Area 1 and therefore leaving the local control room floor Area P free for modificationsto the accelerator.- 33 -3. Use optimization of any future easterly extension which could then use the same crane on extended crane girders.Extension of travel of the two 50-ton cranes over Area 1 would not incur a cost penalty, since the required height increase of the structure over Area 1 would cost $44,000 but a 25-ton x 112-foot span crane to cover this area would cost $50,000 erected. Ac­cordingly, the main experimental facility will be designed for travel by both 50-ton cranes over its full length.7.4.2 Cranes over Experimental Area LevelFor the experimental level, the costs and sizes of 20-ton forklift trucks were reviewed and rejected due to the large floor areas required for manoeuvering forklift trucks of this size (10 feet wide x 20 feet long with 20 feet required turning radius). 20-ton bridge cranes will be purchased as required for the experimental areas, to span approximately 43 feet and run on north-south crane girders. The cranes will be located below both the heating and ventilating ductworks and the cable trays, and will either be sup­ported by brackets off the north-south main floor beams supporting the local control room floor system or by independent removable steel columns stayed by the main floor beams. Depending on the use factor, a 20-ton bridge crane can be purchased for each experi­mental area or a single crane shared between adjacent areas.Transference of the 20-ton cranes between areas can be handled by the high-level 50-ton cranes.7.4.3 Mi seel 1aneousA 5-ton forklift truck will be purchased to share the lifting facilities demand. This truck will be fitted with custom tines to engage recesses in the igloo wall shielding blocks. (The igloo ceiling shielding blocks will be lifted by the 50-ton high-level cranes or by the 20-ton experimental-level cranes.)- 36 -A single 20-ton bridge crane will service both the high and low levels of the south-east annex adjacent to the neutron facility. Components of this crane will be identical to those purchased for the general low-level experimental areas.The two elevators will each have a capacity of 4,000 pounds and measure 6 feet x 8 feet inside dimensions approximately. Four levels will be serviced by the service annex elevator and three levels by the north-east (neutron facility) elevator.Permanent (in-situ) concrete floor areas will be provided within the building at the three truck entrances for unloading of equipment and mobile local control rooms under cover using the high-level cranes.Equipment handling in and out of the service annex will be via a hatch using temporary lifting tackle. An east-west monorail over­head hoist of 2 tons capacity will be provided at the mechanical and electrical levels of the service annex. Both hoists will transport equipment from the hatch.The experimental floors will be surface finished to allow the use of air pads, when available and if required, powered from the service air system.7.5 EstimatesThe following estimates have been divided as indicated to allow convenient separation of the construction estimate and the 'fitting out1 or equipping estimate. The estimate included in the estimate summary, Section 11 COSTS, under the heading of office, laboratory and workshop complex, includes the handling facilities for that complex.- 37 -1. Handling facilities to be provided concurrently with the construction of the main experimental building are:2-25t/25t/l12ft bridge cranes, erected $135,000l-20t/52ft bridge crane, erected (forsouth-east neutron annex) 35,0001-100 ton lifting frame 7,0002-50 ton lifting beams 5,000Synchronization of 2-25t/25t cranes 6,0002-2 ton monorail hoists (service annex) 4,0002-4000 lb elevators, erected 44,000$236,0002. Handling facilities that may be provided subsequent to the construction of the main experimental building include:20t/33ft to 43ft span bridge cranes, erected $ 25,000 each5t forklift truck, electric drive(with custom tines) $ 14,000 each6,000 lb air pads (still developmental) $ 1,000 each- 38 -8. BUILDINGS8.1 GeneralThis section covers the buildings and structures necessary to house the main experimental facility and its supporting services.8.2 ReferencesReferences used in the preparation of this section include:TRIUMF Proposal & Cost Estimate, November 1966TRIUMF Interim Report, July 1967TRIUMF Annual Report, December 1967 TRIUMF Building Design Memorandum, February 19, 1967 TRIUMF Correspondence, December 8, 1967TRIUMF/CRIPPEN Minutes of Meeting, January 1, 1968TRIUMF Memorandum of Criteria, March 7, 1968 TRIUMF (SFU) Memorandum, March 12, 1968TRIUMF Sketch #A032, Experimental Facility Plan, March 21, 1968 TRIUMF Sketch #A04l, Vault Cross Section, April 10, 1968 TRIUMF Sketch #A043, Site Arrangement, April 10, 1968 TRIUMF (SFU) Sketches (3) of Neutron Facility, April 4, 1968 TRIUMF Sketch, Vault Maze, undated TRIUMF Minutes of Meeting, May 24, 1968I.M. Thorson, "Shielding and Activation in a 500 MeV H“ Cyclotron Facility", TRI-68-4The foregoing references are not included in this report.8.3 Exhibi tsThe following drawings have been prepared to conform with the criteria and are included in Section 13:- 39 -Drawi ng 1 Site ArrangementDrawi ng 2 Local Control Room and 1ntermed i ate LevelsDrawi ng 3 Experimental and Lower Vault LevelsDrawi ng 4 Secti onsDrawing 5 Local Control Room and Intermediate Levels - ShieldingDrawi ng 6 Experimental and Lower Vault Levels - ShieldingDrawi ng 7 Sections - ShieldingDrawing 8 Perspect i ve8.4 Main Experimental Facility8.4.1 Cri teri aThe general criteria for this building are:1. Safety2. Flexibi1i ty3. UtilityThe specific criteria for this building are:1. Accelerator Vault Size: 100 feet diameter (inscribed clearcircle) by 39 feet high with 23 feet 6 inches projecting above the particle beam plane.2. Experimental Floor Level: 4 feet 6 inches below the particlebeam plane.3. Experimental Area Dimensions: to have a minimum clear heightof 12 feet to the underside of the removable main floor beams. Area 1 and Neutron Area to be 100 feet by 200 feet. Area Pto be 100 feet by 100 feet.4. Local Control Room Floor Level: at grade, for equipmententry.5. High Level Crane Hook Height: 10 feet above vault roof- 1»0 -shielding, that is A9 feet 6 inches above the particle beam plane.6. Loads:a) General: Canadian National Building Code loadingb) Handling: refer to Section 7c) Foundations: refer to Section Ad) Local Control Room Floors: Accelerator pre-assemblyand vault roof beam storage requiring 2,1*00 pounds per square foot.e) Unloading Areas on Local Control Room Floors: H20-S16Highway Loading or c) or d), whichever is the greater.7. Shielding Materials: to be independent of structural membersunless permanent.8. Structural Materials: to allow for maximum ease of futureextension or modification.9. Experimental Areas: to be as free of structural members as is economically possible within the building perimeter,in order to allow each experiment to be assembled as required in shape and size and to be independently shielded (referred to as igloos) and serviced.10. Experimental Personnel Circulation: to be inhibited betweenexperimental areas.11. Accelerator Ancillaries: to be adjacent to the acceleratorand the accelerator control room.12. Cyclotron Construction and Pre-assembly: in experimentalareas P and I.13- Maintenance Workshop: close to accelerator ancillaries.MN U Radio-Frequency and Lighting Interference: to be shieldedor suppressed.15. Safety: to the requirements of the Radiological Protection- 1*1 -Division of the Department of National Health and Welfare and to the recommendations of the Accelerator Safety Advisory Committee of the Atomic Energy Control Board.16. Architectural: to the requirements of the University ofBritish Columbia.8.4 .2 ArrangementGeneral radiation safety requirements will be economically met and exceeded by locating the plane of radiation below grade, pro­viding an enveloping structure large enough to accommodate the required thickness of internal shielding. The experimental re­quirement of low incident radiation on experimental apparatus is more stringent than that required for public health and safety.The shielding thicknesses shown on the drawings meet the experi­mental requirements.General flexibility for internal use and for future modifications and extensions will be provided by a structure with the maximum of interior freedom, using structural materials best suited for future extension. This "empty box" concept will consist of the construction indicated on Drawings 2 to 4 inclusive. It is structurally independent of internal shielding materials to allow internal flexibility for change, and has an obstacle-free span at the experimental floor of 100 feet to allow internal flexibility in size and arrangement of experimental structures. Below grade, reinforced concrete provides the structural shell and above grade, structural steel supports the structure. Future extensions will require only localized piercing of the accelerator vault concrete below grade, probably on the north and south sides, and additional concrete shielding after removal of the native backfill. Major modifications to the structural steel work will not be required for any direction of extension. Mechanical and electrical services to any future extensions remote from the service annex will be led through the shielded low level service tunnels around the perimeter of the accelerator vault.- bz -General utility will be optimized by the "empty box" concept described above which allows extensive crane coverage at high capacity and by the presence of full mechanical and electrical services along the north wall of Area 1 and the south wall of Area P. These services will be led to the experimental igloos on cable trays and pipe brackets cantilevered off the set-up floor structural members at a level between the underside of the local control room floor slab and the top of the 20-ton cranes.The location of these services avoids the possibility of activa­tion which may occur if led below the igloos in trenches and allows for greater convenience in their access from the mobile control rooms located on the local control room floor and from the experimental areas.Concurrent with the construction of the structural shell and the service systems, some areas of the local control floor must be constructed to unload equipment for the facility and, if the experimental level of Area P cannot accommodate all of the ac­celerator sub-assembly, the local control room level over Area P can be completely constructed using pre-cast concrete to allow more convenient construction facilities for the accelerator.The local control room floor, shown on Drawings 5 to 7 inclusive, will be designed as an independent structural system for construction subsequent to the completion of the building. This will allow early use of the experimental floor serviced only by the two 50-ton high level cranes, with mechanical and electrical services supplied from the perimeter wall terminal points to the experiment igloos.The local control room floor system will be constructed in order of priorities of either in-situ concrete components where modiflo­cations are anticipated such as in Areas P and 1.The pre-cast structural components of the local control room floor system will, at the primary beam tunnel, form part of the pre-cast concrete shielding. However, the primary beam tunnel pre-cast con­crete shielding blocks may be completely removed without disturbing- 43 -the local control room floor pre-cast concrete support beams. The local control room floor main beams will span from north to south in two spans with removable pre-cast concrete or steel columns at a maximum of 48 feet centres along the centre line of the building. Alternatively, the primary beam tunnel roof shielding can be in­stalled up to local control room level without a separate floor beam system being installed.Approximately two feet of the concrete shielding around the sides of the accelerator vault will have a structural function on the vault side of the isolation joints and a non-structural function on the outside of the isolation joints. These joints will isolate seismic and settlement effects.It is anticipated that the vault concrete wall will be drilled in the future for passage of north or south extension primary particle beams.In accordance with the experience and findings of existing ac­celerator facilities, the shielding over the accelerator will be completely removable by a crane system external to the vault.An internal crane would have increased the vault height considerably and would have a low use factor.Wall shielding thicknesses shown on the drawings between experi­mental areas may be reduced by the amount of shielding incorporated in the igloo walls. Shielding supplied by the 3_foot thick local control room floor may be locally increased as required by storing shielding blocks over any igloo position. Igloos have not been indicated on the drawings.Adoption of removable roof shielding over the accelerator will require side entry of supporting mechanical and electrical ser­vices to the accelerator. Therefore, the service annex will be located to the side and as close as is commensurate with the restriction imposed by a projected slow muon experimental facility immediately to the south-east of the accelerator.- i»i» -Grade access will be to the local control room floor and the building elevation chosen with respect to existing grade elevations will result in a balanced cut and fill operation, including material for shielding berms. From considerations of floor thickness,20-ton crane and cable tray vertical clearance and the required vertical unobstructed clearance for the complete experimental floor, a depth of 28 feet will be provided from local control room floor to experimental floor. The relation of the accelerator vault level to the experimental floor level was set by the re­quirement of keeping the plane of the primary particle beams 4 feet 6 inches from the experimental floor level. The plane of radiation will be approximately 23 feet below finished grade, and approximately 23 feet 6 inches below the local control room level.Access to the area of the main experimental facility within the security fence will be controlled from the office, laboratory and workshop complex. Access between independent experimental areas will be inhibited by physical isolation between Area P and Area 1 without outside covered access. Access between Area 1 and the neutron facility and between Area P and the service annex remains convenient. However, local monitoring stations will inhibit casual visiting between these areas.In summary, the arrangement of the main experimental facility, while benefiting from the experience of other similar facilities, will be to the requirements of this project and will give the maximum of shelter and flexibility for the minimum initial cost outlay.8.^.3 MiscellaneousStructural separation of the accelerator vault and Areas 1 and P, and possibly the neutron facility, will be incorporated in the design to give seismic vibration and load settlement isolation.- bs -The accelerator vault will be designed as a box without a top, with allowances for drilling out the structural diaphragm side walls where required on the basis of a Vierendel truss design.This design method will reduce the amount of structural rein­forcement over relatively large areas of the side walls.Major equipment modifications that are beyond the capacity of the project staff and the maintenance workshop equipment will be contracted out.Radio-frequency interference will be suppressed at the source or by radio-frequency shielding. If radio-frequency shielding should be required around areas of rooms rather than items of equipment, then reinforcing mesh will be incorporated in the floors, walls and ceilings with removable grills at windows.In addition to the main doors for equipment entry, man doors for emergency exit will be provided.The mechanical and electrical services up to the north wall con­nections of Area 1 and the south wall connections of Area P w i 11 be under the control of the project staff. From these connections, the services will be to the requirements of the experimental staff.The connections will be under joint control and responsibility, and will be convenient to connect and isolate.The local control rooms will connect both to the experimental igloos and to the house instrumentation at or near the mechanical and electrical service connections referred to in the preceding paragraph.If better environmental control is needed within the local control rooms than can be economically provided by the zone 2 service (see Sub-section 9-3), independent air-conditioning units must be pro­vided with the local control rooms.- 46 -Floor drainage will be the only service under the experimental floor areas and will be directed to activation checking tanks for possible subsequent diversion to decay or disposal tanks.8.5 Hydrogen StoreThis structure will be of fireproof construction and cover 144 square feet. It will be thermally insulated and will include a blow-out section.8.6 Cooling TowerThis tower will be apprximately 30 feet by 40 feet by 23 feet high. Its characteristics and cost are given in Sub section , U CU8.7 SubstationIf an independent substation should be located on the project site, suitable locations would be either as shown on Drawing 1 - Site Arrangement or north of the chemistry laboratory. The former position may interfere with the projected slow muon facility and the latter position appears not to inhibit future expansion. The substation would be a low profile design covering an independently fenced area measuring approximately 30 feet by 60 feet. Its characteristics and costs are given in Sub-sections 5.6.1 and5.6.2, respectively.8.8 Office, Laboratory and Workshop ComplexThe criteria and conceptual arrangement for this complex have been completed and accepted prior to the completion of this report as stated in Sub-section 5.4 and are therefore not described herein.8.9 Est imatesThe following estimates have been divided as indicated to allow convenient separation of the construction and equipping estimates. The estimate for the office, laboratory and workshop complex is- 47 -included In the estimate summary, Section 11, Costs.1. Site development and structures to be provided as shown on Drawings 1 to 4 inclusive, exclusive of the office, labora­tory and workshop, the mechanical and electrical services, the handling facilities, the substation and the accelerator support concrete.Site development: gradingbuilding berms fenci ngroads and parkingproperty land­scaping$11,000 $13,000 $12,000 $20,000$17,000$73,000It is estimated that $5,000 of this item will be spent during construction of the office, laboratory and workshop complex.Boundary landscaping: 260 - trees $16,00020' high28,000 cu yds $84,000fill ---------$100,000Main experimental faci1ity: main hall $ 1 ,650 ,000south-east neutron annex $58,000service annex chemical lab­oratories andaccess tunnelsl $992,000$2 ,700,000- 48 -Brought forward $2,873,000Hydrogen store $3,000Time of flight facility $19,000Item 1, Total $2,895,0002. Shielding to be provided around the accelerator vault asshown on Drawings 5, 6 and 7, item 1.a) ($32/cu.yd) in-situconcrete $147,000or b) ($58/cu.yd) pre-cast orconcrete $266,0003. Roof shielding to be provided over the accelerator vault as shown on Drawings 5, 6 and 7, item 1(a).($67/cu.yd) pre-castconcrete $515,0004. Primary beam tunnel shielding as shown on Drawings 5, 6 and 7, item 2.($58/cu.yd) pre-castconcrete $400,0005. Local control room floor pre-cast primary beams and columns as shown on Drawings 5, 6 and 7, item 3-Columns and beams ($67/cu.yd) $90,000Brackets, trays S crane beams $25,000$ 115,0006. Local control room floor pre-cast infill beams and pre-cast shielding blocks as shown on Drawings 5, 6 and 7, item 4.Shielding blocks ($58/cu.yd) $200,000Infill beams ($82/cu.yd) $120,000$320,000Items 2b to 6, TOTAL $1,616,000- 49 -9. MECHANICAL SERVICES9.1 Genera 1This section covers the general mechanical services required for the project other than the office, laboratory and workshop complex and handling facilities. The handling facilities have been described separately in Section 7.9.2 Cooling Water SystemsThe cooling water systems will service the magnet coils, resonators, radio frequency tubes, beam transport elements and experimental equipment with demineralized water and the vacuum pumps, beam dump and building services with potable water.A cooling tower will be provided with a capacity of 38 x 106 Btu/hr (11 MVA) of which approximately 31 x 106 Btu/hr will be required for the demineralized system. This tower will consist of two units and will be capable of being enlarged by unit additions.A review of wet bulb temperature data recorded over the last 26 years showed 57 occurrences of 67° Fwb or over, and 21 occurrences of 70° Fwb or over. The capital cost increase necessary to secure reliable operation of 70° Fwb is estimated at $5,000 and fine control of the water out temperature is estimated to cost $500.While the 67° Fwb occurrence is relatively low, the inconvenience that could ensue due to instability of the accelerator dictates a 70° Fwb design temperature. If closer approach temperatures were to be required, by either using higher wet bulb temperature or else using lower water out temperatures, the physical size as well as the cost would increase. (There is no physical size increase, for the particular unit studied, from 67° Fwb to 70° Fwb.) Accord­ingly the 70° Fwb temperature will be used. The foregoing is basedNOTEFwb - Wet bulb temperature (Fahrenheit scale) indicates evapora­tive rate and in conjunction with dry bulb temperature indicates relative humidity or ratio of partial pressure to vapour pressure.- 50 -upon a temperature difference of 20°F (100°F water in, 80°F water out. The sum of $42,000 is estimated to be the cost of the cooling tower inclusive of foundations. The graph in Table G included at the end of this section was prepared to assist the accelerator designers in determining the net benefit or loss in lowering the temperature to the magnet coils, for lower water out temperatures at a constant temperature difference of 20°F at 70° Fwb.The cooling tower base reservoir will contain approximately 36,000 gallons (U.S.) and at maximum load and at greatest make-up demand will function without make-up water for one hour. At lesser heat loading rates this period can be extended. The capacity of the base reservior can be economically increased by constructing a three-unit cooling tower reservoir in the initial construction phase at an additional cost of approximately $5,000.Demineralized water is available for purchase in the lower mainland at a conductivity better than the critical components would normally require. As the demineralized water system is a closed system requireing only make-up water, there exists the possibility of charging this system with purchased demineralized water. Therefore, the detailed design phase should include a review of the possibility of retaining only the minimum of equipment.9.3 Air-Conditioning SystemsThe main experimental facility will be divided into three environ­mental zones as follows:Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3SVaul tBeam Tunnel Area 1Area PNeutron AreaLocal Control Room AreaAccelerator Control Comput i ngRadio Frequency and Ion SourceService Office- 51 -Zone 2Mechanical Services Electrical ServicesZone 3NHigh Level ChemistryMedium and Low Level Chemi st ryZone 1 and Zone 3N areas will be maintained at a lower pressure than other areas at all times and be pneumatically isolated from all other zones to a degree that ensures control of the exhaust air which will be mixed with outside air at a ratio of 1 to 10. Supply air may be taken from adjacent zones or from outside air.As the height of discharge of exhaust air is of relatively little value in the reduction of activation at ground level (due to low discharge temperatures, low average local wind velocities and the possibility of inversions), the mixing and monitoring of exhaust air from Zones 1 and 3N will be to the recommendations of the Accelerator Safety Advisory Committee of the AECB and the exhaust air from these zones will be discharged after dilution at roof level.Zones 1 and 3 will be maintained at 70°F ± 2°F with a relative humidity of not more than 50%. An independent air dryer will be installed to service the ion source and radio-frequency rooms.During initial checking and calibration of the magnets when the vault roof shielding will not be in place, or the Zone 1 ventilation system operating, the large heat gain normally removed by the Zone 1 system will have to be convected into the building space assisted as required by temporary blowers. During accelerator operation the Zone 1 air temperature may be allowed to rise to a higher temperature providing that the required stability is maintained. This tempera­ture should be determined during the detailed design phase upon the basis of cooling cost per degree of temperature difference. If the supply air for Zone 1 is taken from Zone 2 or from outside air, then automatic dampers will be utilized for isolation in the event of differential pressure failure. In addition, the automatic application of booster fans to at least Zone 2 will be investigated.- 52 -Zone 2 experimental and local control room levels cannot be con­trolled economically with respect to a uniform temperature of 70°F ± 2°F throughout. Therefore, adequate ventilation only will be used to limit temperatures above local control room level,and cooling will be provided to the experimental level for controlof air temperatures to 70°F ± 2°F. The temperature at and abovelocal control room floor level is not expected to exceed 78°F during the peak summer months for more than 2-1/2% of the time.The semi-mobile local control rooms will include self-contained air-conditioning equipment.Supply and exhaust air to and from all zones will be filtered and activation monitoring will be installed on the exhausts.Heating for the main experimental facility will be via gas fired boilers supplying hot water/air convection and hot water/forced air units. Pressurized hot water will be supplied to the resonator bakeout system to provide the required temperature in the demineralized cooling water system.9.4 Compressed Air SystemsService air will be provided to all areas. Instrument air (oil free)will also be provided for control and actuation. The service air system will supply air for tools, diesel start-up and general utility supply, and will provide stand-by air, through a dryer, to the instrument air system.9.5 Gas Detection SystemA continuous sampling gas detection system will be provided complete with 'alarm-delay-action1 interlocks. High level detectors will be used for hydrogen and natural gas detection.- 53 -9.6 Active Waste Retention and DisposalDrainage from areas subject to accidental spillage of activated liquids will be to checking and decay tanks for disposal in accordance with the conditions of the liquid waste. Level and activation indication and alarm will be provided to sumps and tanks.9.7 Independent ExhaustersProvision will be made for high capacity exhaust explosion proof fans along the outside walls for use in conjunction with movable flexible ducts from each experimental area. Vapourizing hydrogen will be directly discharged to the outside air via these ducts.A common plenum will not be used.9.8 Fi re ProtectionA wet system will be provided to all except electrical and active areas where CC>2 systems or suspended bombs will be used.Fire detection systems will be provided complete with 'alarm- delay-action' interlocks as appropriate. Sensitivity may be by combustion products (prior to active combustion), temperature or rate of temperature change, either singly or in combination.C02 systems will include delay interlocks tied to the occupancy control system.9.9 Domestic ServicesNormal domestic services will be provided. Potable water (and fire protection water) will be taken from the existing 8" cap at the adjacent site to the south. As stated in Sub-section 5-5, the existing sanitary sewer will be re-located. A closed storm drainage system will be constructed on site to allow utilization of the avai1 able site area.- 54 -9.10 Est i matesThe following estimatesinclude for all the mechanical services within the scope of this report except handling facilities and those facilities required for the office, laboratory and workshop complex on the north-west portion of the site. The total estimate for the latter is included in the estimate summary, Section 11, Costs. The estimates for the handling facilities are included in Section 7, Handling.1 . Si te Servi cesWater and Gas $10,000Storm $30,000Sanitary (including re­locating $16,000) $27,000Outside Fire $ 5,000Cooling Tower and Piping $54,000$126 ,000It is estimated that $8,000 of item 1 will be spent during construction of the office, lab­oratory and workshop complex.2. Main Experimental Facility Cooling Water Ai r Condi tioning Protection and ServicesServi ces $270,000 $330,000 $ 60,000 $660,000$786,000- 56 -10. ELECTRICAL SERVICES10.1 GeneralThis section covers the general electrical services from the12.5 KV supply to all of the project ancillaries excluding the accelerator and its immediate ancillaries listed in Sub-section2.2, items 1 to 5 inclusive, and excluding the general electrical services that will be provided with the office, laboratory, and workshop complex. The 12.5 KV supply to the site has been described separately in Section 5.10.2 12.5 KV SystemsTwo incoming circuits will be laid in concrete-encased buried ducts. The duct bank will also contain one spare duct. If the12.5 KV supply should be available before completion of the office, laboratory and workshop complex, the duct bank will contain a pull box near to the service annex in the main experimental facility for re-location of 12.5 KV transformation. 12.5 KV switchgear willbe located in the service annex and will include an incoming line circuit breaker and feeder breakers for the supply to the experi­mental area, main motor control centre and the building services switchboard. In addition, each of the circuits to the magnet power supply and the radio-frequency power supply will be fed through air blast circuit breakers. Exposed insulated cables will supply the transformers.10.3 T ransformat i onIndoor dry-type transformers will be located in the electrical services area adjacent to the 12.5 KV switchgear. This type of transformer will not require a vault or dump pit, requires less maintenance, and costs approximately the same as the oil filled type. Metal enclosure cabinets plus a cage enclosure, both grounded, will provide radio-frequency shielding.- 57 -10.4 600/347V SystemsExposed insulated cables from the transformer will supply three 600/347V, 3 phase, 4 wire 2000A distribution systems for the building services, motor control, and experimental circuits.The first two systems will be installed as early as possible In the construction of the facility to provide lighting, crane power and construction power.For a feeder load of 1500KVA, a 600/347V system allows the use of commercially available equipment. Lower voltages would increase distribution equipment costs.600/347V services and 120/208V services will be supplied to the experimental areas and will be installed up to the north face of Area 1, and up to the south face of Area 2. Double locked, isolation switched connectors will be provided every 24 feet approximately along the north and south faces of Areas 1 and P, respectively, at a convenient height to service the experiments. These services together with mechanical services will reach the experimental areas from the service annex via a service tunnel skirting the accelerator foundation structure at a sufficient depth below present and future primary beam tunnels to avoid significant activation.10.5 120/208V SystemsLighting and low horsepower motors will be supplied from 120/208V systems.True color register lighting, such as mercury additive or tungsten iodide, will be provided for the experimental areas and local control room level.For equipment that must continue to operate but can accept a short-time power interruption, a natural gas/diesel a.c. generator set, starting on compressed air, will be installed.startina on con- 58 -10.6 Emergency SystemsZone 1 and Zone 3N air conditions must be controlled to maintain a lower pressure than Zone 2 at all times. Also, the high velocity hydrogen exhaustors and the gas detection system must continue to operate during all periods when hazardous gas may be present in the building. Therefore, an emergency 100V d.c. power and lighting system will be provided, normally energized from one of the operational d.c. systems. The vault and beam tunnel ex­haustors, the hydrogen exhaustors, the gas detection system and the vacuum pumps will be d.c. driven. Upon supply failure, a changeover device will supply the foregoing from a 110V battery.A trickle charger will be installed to maintain the battery charge.For equipment that must continue to operate but which can accept a short period of power interruption, a natural gas/diesel a.c. generating set, starting on compressed air, will be installed.10.7 Est i matesThe following estimate includes all the electrical services within the scope of this report except for the 12.5 KV supply to the site and those electrical services required for the office, labora­tory and workshop complex on the north-west portion of the site.The estimates for the 12.5 KV supply alternatives are given in Section 5, and the total estimate for the office, laboratory and work­shop complex is included in the estimate summary, Section 11, Costs.15 KV Switchgear S Transformers $ 90,000Low Voltage Switchgear, Transformation $138,000and DistributionLighting $ 18,000Emergency Power and Lighting $ 19,000$265 ,000- 59 -11.1 GeneralThis section summarizes the estimates of capital costs given in the previous sections of this report plus the cost of the office, laboratory and workshop complex.The cost of the accelerator and its ancillaries, the accelerator support concrete, the experimental igloos, the beam magnets, the targets, the metal shielding at the accelerator and at the tar­gets, the low residual lining masonry shielding and the cost of land are not included.Administration, engineering and architectural fees are not included. Interest charges are not included.The estimated capital costs are based upon 1967/78 prices.11.2 Facilities ConstructionThese estimated costs cover all work necessary to provide the com­pletely serviced facility as indicated on Drawings 1, 2, 3, and 4.11. COSTSEstimate Contingency Total1. Office, laboratory and workshop complex:Partial site preparation $ 2,000 $ 2,000Interim electrical service 10,000$ 4,000 10,000Water, storm and sanitary services 8,000 BUIII 9,000Partial paving and land scaping 3,000480,0003,00048,000 528,000Buildings completeTotals $503,000 $ 51,000 $554,000- 60 -NetEst imate Contingency Total12.5 KV supplyMinimum cost $ 101,000 - -Maximum cost - - $ 189,000Di fference - $ 88,000 -Totals $ 101,000 $ 88,000 $ 189,000Experimental Facility:Boundary landscaping $ 100,000 - $ 100,000Site preparation, berms, fencing, paving and property landscaping $ 68,000 $ 7,000 $ 75,000Site services including cooling tower and sani­tary sewer re-location $ 118,000 $ 10,000 $ 128,000Main buiIding shel1 and finishes $2 ,700,000 $ 300,000 $3,000,000Main building mechani­cal services $ 660,000 $ 90,000 $ 750,000Main bui1 ding elec­trical services $ 265,000 $ 45,000 $ 310,000Main building hand- 1ing faci1ities $ 236,000 $ 24,000 $ 260,000Hydrogen store $ 3,000 $ - $ 3,000Time of flight faci- lity $ 19,000 $ 1 ,000 $ 20,000Totals $4 ,169,000 $ 477,000 $4,646,00011.3 Shielding and Supplementary CranesThese estimated costs cover shielding concrete and interior floor structure, both in-situ and pre-cast, that are not required for completion of the housing or the construction of the accelerator but that will become necessary in stages as the cyclotron is commissioned and as experimental facilities develop.- 61 -These estimated costs also cover additional handling facilities that would become necessary when the local control room floor is completely installed.Both the foregoing items are indicated on Drawings 5, 6, and 7UNetEstimate Conti ngency Total1. Accelerator vault wall shielding:a) in-situ concrete $ 147,ooo $ 8,000 $ 155,000or b) pre-cast concrete $ 266,000 $ 14 ,000 $ 280,0002. Accelerator vault roof shielding: $ 515,000 $ 25,000 $ 540,0003. Primary beam tunnel shielding: $ 400,000 $ 20,000 $ 420,000i*. Set-up floor primary beams and columns: $ 115,000 $ 15,000 $ 130,0005. Set-up floor infill beams: $ 120,000 $ 10,000 $ 130,0006. Experimental shielding: $ 200,000 $ 10,000 $ 210,000Totals lb to 6 $1 ,616,000 $ 94 0 00 $1,710,0007. 3 20-ton cranes $ 75,000 $ 1 ,000 $ 76,000$1,691,000 $ 95,000 $ 1,786,000- 62 -12. SCHEDULEThe following schedule indicates the minimum time required to design and construct the building. It assumes that construction is divided into separate contracts to allow an overlapping of design and construction while still obtaining the economics of stipulated sum tenders.The actual construction schedule will depend largely on the timing of cyclotron development and the necessity to be ready to service its construction requirements.The schedule shows that for the office building, laboratory and workshop complex and the 12 KV supply approximately 8 months are required for engineering approval and tendering periods, and that a further 7 months is required for construction. Similarly, for the main facility 12 months are required for engineering with a further 13 months required for construction.SECT/ON A -AService tunnelSECTION B -Bm ! DEl. 237.0EL 239.0T. of F. Beam Control ShaftDuct spa osCable trays <£ pipesNOTES/. Far reference drawings see Dwg 2.2. For location o f sections see Dwg 5 56.SECTION C-C SECTION D -D,X RP P a? 40Scale in reet- Low Level Chem LobsSECTION E -EKEY PEAN50 *1CL■zu15o« « * n N - i sTRI-U NIVE RS ITY MESON FACILITYSECTIONS□ . E . C R IP P EN & A SSO C IA TES L TD . - NORTH V ANCO UVER , B .C .LEGENDJI ST STAGE CONCRETEACCELERATOR SUPPORT CONCRETE, NOT INCLUDED IN FACILITIES ESTIMATEITEM I CAST-IN-PLACE SEMI - PERMANENT SHIELDINGITEM IA ACCELERATOR VAULT ROOF BEAMS0 ®ITEM 2 TUNNEL SHIELDING BLOCKSPITEM 3 REMOVABLE STRUCTURAL BEAMS AND COLUMNSITEM 4 REMOVABLE SHIELDING BLOCKS AND LOCAL CONTROL ROOM FLOORAJ O T E S/. For re fe rence d ron ings 5 e e Dwg 2. For eoft'ons see Dwg 7.CP RP X CP 40Sco/e in Feet5CMK’DINBP.hi35a0 < n N - 20TRI-UNIVERSITY MESON FACILITYEXPERIMENTAL 8 LOWER VAULT LEVELS SHIELDINGG. E . C R IP P EN & A SSO C IA TES LTD . - NORTH V ANCO UVER , B .C .E xperimen fat Area / c-Thermal Neutron Experimental AreaSECT ION F -FElevator <T Pan room housingOriginal ground EFL50IVService tunnel—SECTION G-GLEGENDElevator <5 -Ton room housingEl 287. OEl 274.0\EL 253.0T- oP F G earn Control ShaftOriginal ground 'FLY0IVFuture -service5 Y .FLr'i. pService funnel' Primary Beam TunnelCable trays 5 pipes■ A.’I ST STAGE CONCRETESECTION H -H SECTION <J-JACCELERATOR SUPPORT CONCRETE, NOT INCLUDED IN FACILITIES ESTIMATEITEM I CAST-IN-PLACE SEMI - PERMANENT SHIELDINGITEM IA ACCELERATOR VAULT ROOF BEAMSITEM 2 TUNNEL SHIELDING BLOCKSITEM 3 REMOVABLE STRUCTURAL BEAMS AND COLUMNSITEM 4 REMOVABLE SHIELDING BLOCKS AND LOCAL CONTROL ROOM FLOORen& eVEVs Chem LobsSteel shieldingSECTION K- Ko .c3( N N o a o ) ( c  ) c U V '\ ' 'V 'catcd81c2.6e c9ve9-3 'Yo7»KEV PI—ANNOTESi For- re fe re n ce draw ings s e e Dwg £.2. For location o f sec tions see Dwgs S £ G.20 10 O £Scale in Feet1PX5\MADEDATK«s as n N - azTRI-U N IVE R S iTY MESON FACILITYSECTIONSSHIELDING□ . E . C R IP P EN A A S SO C IA TES LTD . - N O RTH V ANCO UVER , B .C .■ *:"P .P'H %:■ '• :
Report
eng
Unreviewed
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 Canada
Researcher
Design study
Building concept with cost estimates, site exploration and engineering data for a 500 MeV H‾ cyclotron facility
Text