Applied Science, Faculty of
Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of
DSpace
UBCV
Dockrill, Megan
For someone who is able to access mental health services such as clinical therapy, we are confronted with many spaces that take a similar approach aesthetically to a sterile hospital-like environment or a space which is catered more towards functionality and efficiency rather than experience of space for the patient. The way many of these spaces are configured and designed can be off-putting as well as triggering. With the stigma of mental healthcare still hanging over us like a cloud, it is easier for us to connect and heal through everyday spaces or interventions than through traditional means. What if we started to think of our surrounding spaces as supportive tools towards mental health healing? While utilizing therapeutic methodologies such as grounding and chromotherapy, embracing the idea of transitional space as a place to process as well as the power that nature and spatial conditions have on our overall well-being; we can begin to understand and foster the human connection to healing, space and the turbulent road to recovery.
ii | | iiiM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024For all who are experiencing, who have experienced or have yet to experience the toll that unaddressed mental health issues take on our well-being ...May this project give you the hope you deserve and the insight to ask for help when needed.You are not alone.PREFACETHE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYbyMegan Elizabeth DockrillBachelor of Fine Arts, NSCAD University, 2017.M.Arch Graduate ProjectMay 2024CommitteeMari Fujita (Chair)Malen FernandezGoli JalaliSubmitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Architecture in The Faculty of Graduate Studies, School of Architecture and Landscape Architecture, Architecture Program.© Copyright May 2, 2024.University of British Columbia, BC, Canada.iv | | vM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024Thank you to Mari, for your encouragement and high spirits, your wealth of knowledge which pushed my thesis forward, for allowing me to explore in the ways I enjoyed and for your continuous understanding. I hope you know how much you helped me.To my committee members, Goli and Malen, whose input was thought provoking; and to Susan, who offered invaluable insight.To my family, who supported my interests and fed my imagination. I would not be where I am today without you. To my partner. For the late nights spent in the studio by my side and to your constant care for my well-being and interest in my work. I would not have made it through if not for you.And finally, thank you to all those who supported me throughout this journey. Your understanding, humour and joy for life made this a fun ride.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSACKNOWLEDGEMENTSvi | | viiM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024ABSTRACTFor someone who is able to access mental health services such as clinical therapy, we are confronted with many spaces that take a similar approach aesthetically to a sterile hospital-like environment or a space which is catered more towards functionality and efficiency rather than experience of space for the patient. The way many of these spaces are configured and designed can be off-putting as well as triggering. With the stigma of mental healthcare still hanging over us like a cloud, it is easier for us to connect and heal through everyday spaces or interventions than through traditional means. What if we started to think of our surrounding spaces as supportive tools towards mental health healing? While utilizing therapeutic methodologies such as grounding and chromotherapy, embracing the idea of transitional space as a place to process as well as the power that nature and spatial conditions have on our overall well-being; we can begin to understand and foster the human connection to healing, space and the turbulent road to recovery.ABSTRACTviii | | ixM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024SECTION I: THE CARE OF MIND01 MENTAL HEALTHCARE IN CONTEXT The Ideal M(an)(ind) A Brief History of Mental Healthcare Treatment and Design Clinical Therapy, Psychology and Hysteria02 DEFINING TRAUMA What is PTSD? PTSD in Relation to Interpersonal Abuse and Intimate Partner Violence Intimate Partner Violence in Context 03 PROGRESSION OF MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT FOR PTSD + IPV VICTIMS Hysteria Shell Shock Psychotherapy Psychoanalysis Cognitive Behavioural Therapy EMDR SECTION II: MIND TOWARDS RECOVERY04 THE ARCHITECTURE OF TRAUMA Intertwined: Mind + Body + Space The Space for Treatment Teletherapy + Covid-19 The ‘Act’ of TherapyPrefaceAcknowledgements Abstract Contents List of Figures Thesis SentenceThesis Statement4-56-1112-15iiivviiviii - xxii - xv xvixix161718-21222324-2524242526- 2728 - 293031CONTENTSSECTION III: THE POWER OF SPACE05 BEYOND THE CLINIC A Spectrum for Recovery Spatiality: Form, Light + Colour Luis Barragan James Turrell Light + Colour as Therapy Landscape for Recovery The Therapeutic Garden Transitional and Liminal Space SECTION IV: THE SPACE IN-BETWEEN06 THE CANADIAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM MSP in British Columbia Perceived Need for Mental Healthcare Nationwide 07 MENTAL HEALTHCARE AT UBC Overview Causation of the Median Need for Treatment A Case for On-Campus Urban Care08 AN URBAN AND SOCIAL REDESIGN Design Premise + Drivers 09 SITE Down with the Antiquated The Bosquet as it is Today Overview Analysis of Existing Conditions Pathways Seating Trees Other Plantings Water + Soil Lighting48-4950-5354-5556-6162-6364-6532-3334-4136-3738-3940-4142-4544-454666-6768-7168-7172-8372-7374-7576-7778-7980-8182-83x | | xiM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202410 TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERY Design in Relation to the Occupant The Design Concept Programming the Site Concept Diagrams The Path of Recovery Organizational Methodology The Bosquet Re-envisioned The Modelmaking Process The Importance of Materiality Unravelling the TapestrySECTION V: THE FINAL ACT11 A PERFORMATIVE EXPERIENCE How Presentation can Alter Spatial Experience 12 THE NARRATIVE A Meandering Transition BibliographyAppendix110-113114-161162-165166-185CONTENTS84-8788-9588-8990-9192-9394-9596-9798-101100-101102-109xii | | xiiiM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024FIGURE 1.1FIGURE 1.2FIGURE 1.3FIGURE 1.4FIGURE 1.5FIGURE 1.6FIGURE 1.7FIGURE 1.8FIGURE 1.9FIGURE 1.10FIGURE 1.11FIGURE 1.12FIGURE 2.1FIGURE 4.1FIGURE 4.2FIGURE 5.1FIGURE 5.2FIGURE 5.3FIGURE 5.4FIGURE 5.5FIGURE 5.6FIGURE 5.7FIGURE 5.8FIGURE 5.9FIGURE 5.10FIGURE 5.11FIGURE 5.12FIGURE 5.13FIGURE 5.14FIGURE 5.15FIGURE 5.16FIGURE 5.17FIGURE 5.18FIGURE 6.1FIGURE 6.2FIGURE 6.3FIGURE 6.4FIGURE 6.5LIST OF FIGURESLIST OF FIGURESTHE VITRUVIAN MAN, AUTHOR, 2023.MODULAR MAN, AUTHOR, 2023.DESIGNING FOR THE AVERAGE MAN, AUTHOR, 2023.THE RETREAT IN YORK, 1792.THE FRIENDS ASYLUM IN THE UNITED STATES.INTERIOR OF HANWELL ASYLUM, 1848.THE KIRKBRIDE PLAN, 1854.STANDARD CLINICAL THERAPY LAYOUT, AUTHOR, 2023.HYSTERIA CHRONOGRAPHY, JEAN-MARTIN CHARCOT, 1878.HYSTERIA CHRONOGRAPHY, JEAN-MARTIN CHARCOT, 1878.HYSTERIA CHRONOGRAPHY, JEAN-MARTIN CHARCOT, 1878.GRAPHIC TIMELINE OF IMPORTANT DATES AND EVENTS IN RELATION TO THE PRACTICE OF PSYCHOLOGY AUTHOR, 2023.THE VOID AUTHOR, 2023.CONTEXT MAP, AUTHOR, 2023.EVOLUTION OF THE CLINICAL TYPOLOGY, AUTHOR, 2023.TRAJECTORY OF HEALING, AUTHOR, 2023.SPATIAL CONDITIONS, AUTHOR, 2023.FOYER OF LUIS BARRAGAN’S HOME IN MEXICO CITYGUEST BEDROOMLIGHT WELL, BARRAGAN FOUNDATION, 2018.YELLOW PASSAGE, JAMES CASEBERE, 2017.JAMES TURRELL EXHIBITION, VANCOUVER,AUTHOR, 2024.JAMES TURRELL EXHIBITION, VANCOUVER,AUTHOR, 2024.JAMES TURRELL EXHIBITION, VANCOUVER,AUTHOR, 2024.JAMES TURRELL EXHIBITION, VANCOUVER,AUTHOR, 2024.THE SKY, 2017.ENTRY, 2017.PERSPECTIVE OF THE SKY, 2017.PARTICIPANTS ENGAGING IN SENSORIAL ENVIRONMENT, MASU PLANNING, 2017.CIRCULAR SEATING ARRANGEMENT, MASU PLANNING, 2017.PARTICIPANTS LEARNING TO GARDEN WITH GUIDED HELP, MASU PLANNING, 2017.OVERVIEW OF SITE, MASU PLANNING, 2017.PARTICIPANT ENGAGED IN GARDENING, MASU PLANNING, 2017.BRANCHES OF THE CANADIAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM, AUTHOR, 2023.SELF-REPORTED NEED FOR MENTALCARE IN CANADA, 12 YEARS AND OVER AS PER C.2018., AUTHOR, 2023.SELF-REPORTED NEED FOR MENTALCARE IN CANADA BY PROVINCE (EXCLUDING THE TERRITORIES), 12 YEARS AND OVER AS PER C.2018., AUTHOR, 2023.SELF-REPORTED NEED FOR MENTALCARE IN BRITISH COLUMBIA BY INDENTIFIED AGE GROUP AS PER 2018.SELF-REPORTED NEED FOR MENTALCARE IN BRITISH COLUMBIA BY INDENTIFIED AGE GROUP AS PER 2018.55577991113131314-152127293335373737373939393941414145454545454950515253FIGURE 7.1FIGURE 7.2FIGURE 7.3FIGURE 7.4FIGURE 7.5FIGURE 8.1FIGURE 8.2FIGURE 9.1FIGURE 9.2FIGURE 9.3FIGURE 9.4FIGURE 9.5FIGURE 9.6FIGURE 9.7FIGURE 9.8FIGURE 9.9FIGURE 9.10FIGURE 9.11 FIGURE 9.12 FIGURE 9.13FIGURE 9.14FIGURE 9.15FIGURE 9.16FIGURE 9.17FIGURE 9.18FIGURE 9.19FIGURE 9.20FIGURE 9.21 FIGURE 9.22FIGURE 9.23FIGURE 9.24FIGURE 9.25FIGURE 9.26 FIGURE 9.27FIGURE 9.28FIGURE 9.29FIGURE 9.30FIGURE 9.31 FIGURE 9.32FIGURE 9.33FIGURE 9.34FIGURE 9.35555758-5960-616365656767697171727273737373737375757575777777777779797979818181818183838383PLAN OF UBC’S VANCOUVER CAMPUS AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AVAILABLE MENTAL HEALTH FACILITIES AND URBAN GREENSPACE, AUTHOR, 2023.STATISTICS BASED ON A MENTAL HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT OF UBC STUDENTS IN 2015, AUTHOR, 2023.LINEAR DIAGRAM DOCUMENTING THE INCREASED STRESS LEVELS OVER A SEMESTER AT UNIVERSITY WHERE CLINICAL APPOINTMENTS ARE SCHEDULED BI-WEEKLY AND UNCONSISTENTLY TIMED, AUTHOR, 2023.COMPARATIVE LINEAR DIAGRAM DOCUMENTING THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TELETHERAPY AND FACE-TO-FACE THERAPY IN RELATION TO SPACE, TIME AND STRESS LEVELS, AUTHOR 2023.FLOORPLAN OF TRADITIONAL THERAPY CLINIC AND HIGHLIGHTED TRIGGERS, AUTHOR, 2023.EXPERIENTIAL TYPOLOGIES, AUTHOR, 2023.THE SEVEN SENSES, AUTHOR, 2023.WILTON GARDEN, BRITAIN, 1640.POINT GREY CAMPUS LOOKING NORTHWEST, UBC ARCHIVE PHOTO, 1958.CONTEXT PLAN OF UBC, AUTHOR, 2023.SITE PLAN OF BOSQUET, AUTHOR, 2023.SITE SECTIONS OF BOSQUET, AUTHOR, 2023.PAVED PATH BETWEEN THE BOSQUET, AUTHOR, 2023.DESIRE PATH ON EAST SIDE OF BOSQUET, AUTHOR, 2023.STUDENT SERVICES ELEVATION, AUTHOR, 2023.PATH BETWEEN BOSQUET AND STUDENT SERVICES, AUTHOR, 2023.UNDESIRED PATH, AUTHOR, 2023.DESIRE BATH ON WEST SIDE OF BOSQUET, AUTHOR, 2023.LINEAR PLANTING OF TREES AND DESIRE PATHWAY, AUTHOR, 2023.CRACKED WALKWAY, AUTHOR, 2023.THE FRIENDSHIP BENCH IN CONTEXT, AUTHOR, 2023.CLOSE-UP OF THE FRIENDSHIP BENCH, AUTHOR, 2023.EAST SIDE CONCRETE BENCH, AUTHOR, 2023.SOUTH SIDE CONCRETE BENCH, AUTHOR, 2023.LENGTH OF THE BOSQUET, AUTHOR, 2023.SHADOWS CREATED BY THE CANOPY, AUTHOR, 2023.DARKNESS IN THE BOSQUET, AUTHOR, 2023.WATER AND MUD IN THE BOSQUET, AUTHOR, 2023.TRESS IN THE SPRING WITHOUT LEAVES, AUTHOR, 2023.PLANTER, AUTHOR, 2023.FLOWER BED, AUTHOR, 2023.LAWN, AUTHOR, 2023.SOIL, AUTHOR, 2023.WATERPOOLING, AUTHOR, 2023.MUDDED DESIRE PATH, AUTHOR, 2023.WATER ADJACENT PATHWAY, AUTHOR, 2023.FLOODED GRASS, AUTHOR, 2023.POOLING BY TRUNK, AUTHOR, 2023.FALL DAYLIGHT, AUTHOR, 2023.FALL RAINY AND OVERCAST DAY, AUTHOR, 2023.SPRING DAYLIGHT, AUTHOR, 2023.FALL NIGHTTIME, AUTHOR, 2023.xiv | | xvM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024LIST OF FIGURESFIGURE 10.1FIGURE 10.2FIGURE 10.3FIGURE 10.4FIGURE 10.5FIGURE 10.6FIGURE 10.7FIGURE 10.8FIGURE 10.9FIGURE 10.10FIGURE 10.11 FIGURE 10.12 FIGURE 10.13FIGURE 10.14FIGURE 10.15FIGURE 10.16FIGURE 10.17FIGURE 10.18FIGURE 10.19FIGURE 10.20FIGURE 10.21 FIGURE 10.22FIGURE 10.23FIGURE 10.24FIGURE 10.25FIGURE 10.26 FIGURE 11.1FIGURE 11.2FIGURE 11.3FIGURE 11.4FIGURE 11.5FIGURE 12.1FIGURE 12.2FIGURE 12.3FIGURE 12.4FIGURE 12.5FIGURE 12.6FIGURE 12.7FIGURE 12.8FIGURE 12.9FIGURE 12.10 FIGURE 12.11FIGURE 12.12FIGURE 12.13FIGURE 12.14FIGURE 12.15FIGURE 12.16FIGURE 12.17FIGURE 12.18FIGURE 12.19FIGURE 12.20FIGURE 12.21PROSPECTIVE OCCUPANTS, AUTHOR, 2023.OCCUPANT DAILY ACTIVITIES GRAPH, AUTHOR, 2023.OCCUPANT’S TRAITS, AUTHOR, 2023.EXPERIENTIAL DIAGRAM FOR THE BOSQUET, AUTHOR, 2023.SITE PROGRAM AND ACTIVITY PLOTTING, AUTHOR, 2023.ACTIVITY BRAINSTORMING, AUTHOR, 2023.ACTIVITY BRAINSTORMING (2), AUTHOR, 2023.CONCEPT DIAGRAMS, AUTHOR, 2023.PATHWAY DICTATED BY TREE PLACEMENT, AUTHOR, 2023.SITE PLANNING, AUTHOR, 2023.ORGANIZATIONAL BRAINSTORMING, AUTHOR, 2024.FINAL ORGANIZATIONAL METHODOLOGY, AUTHOR, 2024.BOSQUET REDESIGN SITE PLAN, AUTHOR, 2024.MODEL PATH FRAMEWORK, AUTHOR, 2024.MODEL LIGHTING PLANNING, AUTHOR, 2024.PATHWAY FABRIC LAY, AUTHOR, 2024.ALL PATHWAYS INSTALLED, AUTHOR, 2024.MATERIAL PALLETTE, AUTHOR, 2024.TAPESTRY CLOSE-UP, AUTHOR, 2024.TAPESTRY CLOSE-UP (2), AUTHOR, 2024.TAPESTRY CLOSE-UP (3), AUTHOR, 2024.TAPESTRY CLOSE-UP (4), AUTHOR, 2024.TAPESTRY CLOSE-UP (5), AUTHOR, 2024.TAPESTRY CLOSE-UP (6), AUTHOR, 2024.BOSQUET TAPESTRY PLAN AND LAYOUT, AUTHOR, 2024.BOSQUET GRAPHIC TAPESTRY, AUTHOR, 2024.PRESENTATION ARRANGEMENT WITH LIGHT PERFORMANCE, AUTHOR, 2024.PRESENTATION WITH FLUORESCENT LIGHTING, AUTHOR, 2024.SIGHTLINE THROUGH THE LENGTH OF THE BOSQUET, AUTHOR, 2024.REVIEW DAY PRESENTATION ARRANGEMENT, MARI FUJITA, 2024.REVIEW DAY POST-PRESENTATION, SAM COOPER, 2024. THE ENTRANCE, AUTHOR, 2024.POINT OF REFLECTION, AUTHOR, 2024.CROSSING THE THRESHOLD, AUTHOR, 2024.APPROACHING THE CLEANSING SPACE, AUTHOR, 2024.SHADOWED INVITATION, AUTHOR, 2024.DANCING LIGHT, AUTHOR, 2024.CROSSING POINT, AUTHOR, 2024.A SMILE EXCHANGED, AUTHOR, 2024.THE SMELL OF MINT, AUTHOR, 2024.THE COUPLE, AUTHOR, 2024.WALKING IN TANDEM, AUTHOR, 2024.A SHIFT UNDERFOOT, AUTHOR, 2024.MATERIAL CHANGE, AUTHOR, 2024.FROM RIGID TO RELAXED, AUTHOR, 2024.TEXTURE TO SOUND, AUTHOR, 2024.BEEHIVE, AUTHOR, 2024.RAILING TO CHIMES, AUTHOR, 2024.THE RINGING, AUTHOR, 2024.A SPACE TO LISTEN, AUTHOR, 2024.THE WATER FALLS, AUTHOR, 2024.A GROWING POOL, AUTHOR, 2024.85878888898989919393959596-9799999999101103103103103105105106-107108-109111111112113113115117119119121123125125127127129131131133135137139139141141143FIGURE 12.22FIGURE 12.23FIGURE 12.24FIGURE 12.25FIGURE 12.26FIGURE 12.27FIGURE 12.28FIGURE 12.29FIGURE 12.30FIGURE 12.31FIGURE 13.1FIGURE 13.2FIGURE 13.3FIGURE 13.4FIGURE 13.5FIGURE 13.6FIGURE 13.7FIGURE 13.8FIGURE 13.9FIGURE 13.10FIGURE 13.11FIGURE 13.12FIGURE 13.13FIGURE 13.14FIGURE 13.15FIGURE 13.16FIGURE 13.17FIGURE 13.18FIGURE 13.19FIGURE 13.20 FIGURE 13.21 FIGURE 13.22 FIGURE 13.23 FIGURE 13.24 FIGURE 13.25 FIGURE 13.26 FIGURE 13.27145147149151153155157157158-159160-161166167168169169170170171171172173173174174175175176177178179179180181182183184185A BRIGHT LIGHT, AUTHOR, 2024.SWAYING LIGHT, AUTHOR, 2024.CAST SHADOWS, AUTHOR, 2024.THE FINAL INTERSECTION, AUTHOR, 2024.A NEW REFLECTION, AUTHOR, 2024.THE END, AUTHOR, 2024.A GUIDING LIGHT, AUTHOR, 2024.A VIEW FROM WITHIN, AUTHOR, 2024.SOUTHWEST ELEVATION OF SITE MODEL, AUTHOR, 2024.PLAN VIEW OF THE SITE MODEL WITH FADED CANOPY, AUTHOR, 2024.NORTHEAST PATH, AUTHOR, 2024.SOUTHWEST PATH, AUTHOR, 2024.WEST SIDE OF SITE, AUTHOR, 2024.DAYLIGHT ON HUT, AUTHOR, 2024.SHADOWS INTERIOR, AUTHOR, 2024.CENTRAL PATH, AUTHOR, 2024.COMMUTE PATH, AUTHOR, 2024.ELEVATION CHANGE, AUTHOR, 2024.TOUCHING THE TREE, AUTHOR, 2024.ROAD FRONT, AUTHOR, 2024.FLOWING FOLIAGE, AUTHOR, 2024.EXPANDING PATH, AUTHOR, 2024.SITE OVERVIEW, AUTHOR, 2024.CURVING PATH, AUTHOR, 2024.SCATTERED LIGHTS, AUTHOR, 2024.A QUIET SPACE, AUTHOR, 2024.A SEAT UNVEILED, AUTHOR, 2024.WOOD CHIMES, AUTHOR, 2024.CONNECTION POINTS, AUTHOR, 2024.GROWING SPACE, AUTHOR, 2024.HIDDEN ENCLAVE, AUTHOR, 2024.A LANDSCAPE OF CONNECTION, AUTHOR, 2024.A LANDSCAPE OF CONNECTION (2), AUTHOR, 2024.A SENSORIAL ENTWINE, AUTHOR, 2024.FOLIAGE AS SEPARATION, AUTHOR, 2024.A LANDSCAPE BENEATH THE TREES, AUTHOR, 2024.A LANDSCAPE OF LIGHTS, AUTHOR, 2024.xvi | | xviiM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024Through the purposeful design of transitionary space in the urban environment, we can help those suffering from mental health related trauma in their journey to heal. THESIS SENTENCETHESIS SENTENCExviii | | xixM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024THESIS STATEMENTMany young adults self-identify as having unmet needs in relation to their mental health and the care they require. Through the study of psychotherapy treatment and methodologies, the concept of transitional and liminal space as well as the power that spatial elements have in contributing to our well-being, we can create public spaces which facilitates the recovery and healing of those in need.THESIS STATEMENTM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 20242 | | 3M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 20244 | | 5Design in relation to physical space has historically been built off of the idealized form of man, such can be seen in Leonardo DaVinci’s the Vitruvian Man or further Le Corbusier’s Modulor Man. In relation to architectural design, the Modulor Man (1948) was a combination of the human form and architecture in a singular system of measurement that was based on the golden ration and the average human proportions of man.1 Even now, our codified standards of design adhere to this preconceived notion of the ideal body and designing space to cater to this ideal. Seeing as how our built environment strongly exemplifies these ideologies, it is no surprise that our physical spaces are also designed for the ideal mind and adjacent situational circumstances. However, as has been proven, no one person is the same, in physical form, in mental capacity or in combination of the two, therefore why should we expect their required treatment to be the same? As is designated treatment, the same can be said about the way in which people process trauma. Though clinical therapy and modern medicine can aid in the recovery of those who suffer from PTSD through methods of psychotherapy and medication, our surrounding space can in conjunction have a great impact on our journey of healing; whether the impact affects our recovery in a positive manner or not is in the hands of our minds.2 MENTAL HEALTHCARE IN CONTEXTThe Ideal M(an)(ind)THE CARE OF MIND1. Le Corbusier. The Modular.2. Valera, Sergi, and Tomeu Vidal. “Some Cues for a Positive Environmental Psychology Agenda.” In Handbook of Environmental Psychology and Quality of Life Research, 41-42.FIG. 1.1 (TOP LEFT)The Vitruvian Man, Author 2023FIG. 1.2 (TOP RIGHT)Modulor Man, Author 2023FIG. 1.3 (BOTTOM)Designing for the Average Man, Author 202301MENTAL HEALTHCARE IN CONTEXTTHE IN-BETWEEN: HEALING THROUGH TRANSITION L SP CE IN TH URBAN CONTEXTGP1 2023M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 20246 | | 7The architecture of mental healthcare dates back many centuries, where one of the oldest institutions known to have provided refuge for the mentally ill was founded in Bethlem, London in 1247. Prior to this, families had to care for the ill from home. Come the 1700s, there were a few private institutions which were catered solely towards the wealthy. Those who could not afford to be admitted had to rely on either the possibility of a local parish to provide access to a charity-funded asylum or be tossed in a workhouse or prison. Even if you were able to receive treatment in a private institution you were likely to be treated inhumanly, being subjected to chains, restraints, violence and even torture.3 At the end of the 18th Century, one of the pioneers of the moral health treatment movement, founded a private mental institution on the outskirts of York, England called The Retreat. This institution was established as a non-restraint environment 4, although still using restraints sparingly as a form of punishment, this facility focused on providing patients with humane care and treatment due to the shifting mentality that those suffering from mental illness were able to experience moments of sanity.5 Ways in which they created a humane environment for care included collective activities such as dining, having tea and polite conversation and participating in communal chores. At The Retreat, patients had treatments tailored to their individual needs as well as being grouped in wards based on similar diagnoses.6 Though many private institutions attempted to implement methods of moral treatment over the years, The Friends Asylum, opening its doors in 1813 in Philadelphia, was the first private hospital to be successful in this form of treatment and care, due largely to its purpose built structure and the use of lay staff over medical professionals for patient care.7 The Friends Asylum, previous called Frankford Asylum for the Insane, was also the first private non-profit mental health hospital to open in the United States.8A Brief History of Mental Healthcare Treatment and DesignFIG. 1.4 (TOP)The Retreat in York, 1792.FIG. 1.5 (BOTTOM)The Friends Asylum in the United States.3. “A Victorian Mental Asylum.” Science Museum, June 13, 2018.4. “A Victorian Mental Asylum.” 2018.5. Pérez-Fernández, Francisco, and Francisco López-Muñoz. “The Kirkbride Buildings in Contemporary Culture, 339.6. “A Victorian Mental Asylum.” 2018.7. “History of Psychiatric Hospitals.” Penn Nursing. University of Pennsylvania.8. “Friends Asylum.” National Parks Service.MENTAL HEALTHCARE IN CONTEXTM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 20248 | | 9In 1832, Willian Charles Ellis, acting as the superintendent of the newly opened Hanwell Asylum, and having previously used the moral treatment system at another institution, began enacting his principles of therapeutic employment. The premise of therapeutic employment was the belief that work was an essential factor in the recovery and rehabilitation of patients, which was proven when more than half his 560 patients were regularly employed at the four-year mark. Along with the ideology of making the asylum as self-sufficient as possible and providing jobs such as a bakery, brewery, and laundry to the patients, the patients were gaining the therapeutic benefits of hard labour-intensive work.9 Though with the best intentions, the quality of life in the asylum began to decline due to overcrowding and poorly staffed facilities. They began re-implementing the use of physical restraints, padded cells and sedatives to control the patients and in 1893 Hanwell Asylum had become a building of “‘gloomy corridors and wards’, an ‘absence of decoration, brightness and general smartness’ and (commanded) ‘a want of sufficient ventilation’”.109. “A Victorian Mental Asylum.” Science Museum, June 13, 2018.10. “A Victorian Mental Asylum.” 2018.11. Pérez-Fernández, Francisco, and Francisco López-Muñoz. “The Kirkbride Buildings in Contemporary Culture, 338.12. Verderber, Stephen. Innovations in Hospital Architecture, 25.13. Verderber, Stephen. Innovations in Hospital Architecture, 26-27.FIG. 1.6 (TOP)Interior of Hanwell Asylum, 1848.FIG. 1.7 (BOTTOM)The Kirkbride Plan, 1854. Along with the ideologies of moral health treatment and therapeutic employment which were being enacted throughout the 19th Century, Thomas Kirkbride (a physician, hospital superintendent at the Institute of Pennsylvania Hospital, and primary founder of the Association of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for the Insane (AMSAII) ), created a system of organization and building design now commonly known as The Kirkbride Plan. This system of design first enacted in New Jersey’s Trenton State Hospital in 1848, focused on the physical and thus mental betterment of Kirkbride’s patients in relation to their environmental conditions, favouring spaces with higher exposure to natural light, scenic views, and adequate air circulation.11 12 However, by the end of the 19th Century, the Kirkbride Plan as a precedent for design began to die off due to state-induced budget cuts as well as his reputation in the medical community coming into question over his theories of design being able to cure the mentally ill.13MENTAL HEALTHCARE IN CONTEXTM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202410 | | 11Within the following decade, mental health treatment diverged from the previous ideologies of care and upon the start of the 1950s patients were being subjected to harsh and often unproductive conditions as well as again being seen as psychotic beyond repair. Due to this shifting view, many people who may have needed aid were reluctant and often did not seek mental health treatment and admittance to in-patient care when necessary.14 As popularity of asylums and mental health hospitals began to wane, approximately two-thirds of beds for the mentally ill were closed in Canada between 1960-1976.15 This was backed by the deinstitutionalization movement during the 1960s, where patients with chronic mental health issues were being discharged for outpatient care in community run mental health services.16 Though there are still facilities today which cater towards in-patient practices for those suffering from severe mental health issues, the average person’s access to mental health services in Canada are through walk-in clinics which focus on psychotherapy as the primary method of treatment. FIG. 1.8 Standard Clinical Therapy Layout, Author 2023.14. Moore, Sarah. “Analyzing the Stigma Surrounding Mental Health.” 2021.15. Mason, Gary. “For the Most Helpless of the Homeless.” The Globe and Mail. 2006.16. Spagnolo, Jessica. “Improving First-Line Mental Health Services in Canada: Address-ing Two Challenges Caused by the Deinstitutionaliza-tion Movement.” 2014. While the conditions mental healthcare treatment are now much more humane in terms of patient experience, they are still catered more towards efficiency and functionality of equitable space than designed solely for the benefit of the patient.MENTAL HEALTHCARE IN CONTEXTM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202412 | | 13The first well-documented findings around the concepts of psychology came from Wilhelm Wundt’s Principles of Physiological Psychology first published in 1873. This book brought together the work of various others who were studying the sensorial organs and nervous system, and in combining it with data derived from psychophysics, advocated for a new framework of understanding in the psychology of the mind. Come 1879, Wundt had opened the first psychology clinic geared towards experimental research in psychology and out-patient treatment.17 At the start of the 1890s, psychiatry began to become accepted in society as a legitimate form of practice. Through the bio-medical perspective, psychiatry framed mental health and illness as something rooted in a singular issue, that once removed or fixed, would return the patient to the picture of health.18 During this rise in acceptance of practice, Sigmund Freud founded his own private clinic in 1890 in Vienna, Austria. In 1895, five years after he opened his doors for treatment, Freud alongside Josef Breuer published Studies on Hysteria which built on the knowledge and documentation of hysteria treatment through hypnosis by Jean Martin Charcot.19 Hysteria as an illness was a psychological diagnosis catered solely towards women on the basis of gender and biological circumstance. The ideologies behind this were that the uterus was the source of physical and subsequently mental disorder. It wasn’t until 1980 when it was finally removed from the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as a diagnosed mental illness, that the correlation between hysteria as an ill-diagnosed form of post-traumatic stress disorder began to strengthen. 20 21 Clinical Therapy, Psychology and HysteriaFIG. 1.9 (TOP LEFT)Hysteria Chronography, Jean-Martin Charcot 1878.FIG. 1.10 (TOP RIGHT)Hysteria Chronography, Jean-Martin Charcot 1878.FIG. 1.11 (BOTTOM)Hysteria Chronography, Jean-Martin Charcot 1878.17. Gannon, Timothy. Shaping Psychology: How We Got Where We’re Going, 1991.18. Spagnolo, Jessica. “Improving First-Line Mental Health Services in Canada: Address-ing Two Challenges Caused by the Deinstitutionaliza-tion Movement.” 2014.19. Quinodoz, Jean-Michel, and Andrew Weller. Hysteria and the Discovery of Psychoanalysis, 5.20. McVean, Ada. “The History of Hysteria,” 2017.21. Dayan, Jacques, and Ber-trand Olliac. “From Hysteria and Shell Shock to Posttrau-matic Stress Disor-der: Comments on Psychoanalytic and Neuropsychologi-cal Approaches,” 297.MENTAL HEALTHCARE IN CONTEXTM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202414 | | 15FIG. 1.12 Graphic Timeline of Important Dates and Events in Relation to the Practice of Psychology, Author 2023.MENTAL HEALTHCARE IN CONTEXTM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202416 | | 17Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD is a clinically diagnosed disorder that can occur to those who have experienced or bore witness to one or more traumatic events or circumstances in their life. Events which can lead to PTSD include, but are not limited to, serious accidents such as vehicular or acts of terrorism, those involved in war or combat, historical and/or racial trauma, sexual assault and/or interpersonal abuse. Trauma occurring from these circumstances can have a significant impact on the mental, physical, social and/or spiritual well-being of the affected individual.22 Though PTSD is today more commonly associated with Veteran’s due to the fact it was medically defined as a neurological condition shortly after the Vietnam War23, the diagnosis is most prevalent when in relation to interpersonal abuse and violence.24 DEFINING TRAUMAWhat is PTSD?The first accounts of characterized traumatic events and their clinical implications were documented in the late nineteenth century by Pierre Janet and Sigmund Freud. Though Freud worked on the etiology of hysteria and research into the experiences of psychological and sexual trauma in the twentieth century, his research was not widely accepted and most discussions surrounding trauma focused mainly on the experiences of war veterans. In 1970s, due to the women’s movement, society became more willing to acknowledge the affects and consequences of sexual and domestic abuse which could inflict lasting trauma on the victims of said abuse. After this, interpersonal violence and trauma became known as the most commonly diagnosed form of PTSD.25 Interpersonal violence and trauma is caused by the interaction between people whereas one or more persons are inflicting harm on another, this includes mental and/or physical abuse.26 Common forms of this trauma include abuse between family members, abuse towards children, or intimate partner violence.27 For this thesis I will focus on the relationship between intimate partner violence and trauma in relation to one’s health and how their surrounding environment can aid in the process and healing of this trauma.PTSD in Relation to Interpersonal Abuse and Intimate Partner Violence25. Gerber, Megan E., ed. Trauma-In-formed Healthcare Approaches: A Guide for Primary Care, 4.26. Interpersonal vs. Non-Interpersonal Traumas. NeuRA. Neuroscience Research Australia, August 2021.27. Mauritz, Maria W., Peter J. J. Goossens, Nel Draijer, and Theo van Achterberg. “Prevalence of Interpersonal Trau-ma Exposure and Trauma-Related Disorders in Severe Mental Illness.” 2013.22. Taylor-Desir, Monica, ed. What Is Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)?.23. Dayan, Jacques, and Bertrand Olliac, 297.24. Gurm, Balbir, Glaucia Salgado, Jennifer Marchbank, and Sheila Early. Making Sense of a Global Pandemic: Relationship Violence & Working Together Towards a Violence Free Society, Chapter 23.02 DEFINING TRAUMATHE IN-BETWEEN: HEALING THROUGH TRANSITION L SP CE IN TH URBAN CONTEXTGP1 2023M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202418 | | 19According to Statistics Canada, 2021 was the seventh consecutive year in which police-reported incidents of intimate partner violence had increased. Intimate partner violence or IPV is defined by “violence committed by current and former legally married spouses, common-law partners, dating partners and other intimate partners aged 12 years and older”.28 It is important to note that intimate partner violence affects women disproportionately, where 79% of all self-reported incidents are filed by women. In 2018, 6.2 million women in Canada over the age of 15 reported having experienced some form of psychological, physical or sexual abuse while involved in an intimate relationship during their lifetime. Among the women who have experienced IPV, those women were twice as likely as men to have experienced at least one form of IPV on a daily basis. Unfortunately, women between the ages of 15 to 24 years of age were 3 times more likely to have suffered some form of IPV in the last twelve months than those over the age of 25.29 Though many young adults may lean on their family and friends for support during incidences of IPV, those who attend post-secondary education tend to be more isolated from their peers, which can make leaving these partnerships more difficult.30 31 Intimate Partner Violence in Context28. Statistics Canada. “Victims of police-reported family and intimate partner violence in Canada, 2021,” 2022.29. Government of Canada. “Fact sheet: Intimate partner violence,” 2021.30. Diehl, Katharina, Charlotte Jansen, Kamila Ishchanova, and Jennifer Hilger-Kolb. “Loneliness at Universities: Determinants of Emotional and Social Loneliness among Students.” 2018.31. Mojahed, Amera, Stephanie Brym, Helene Hense, Bianca Grafe, Cornelia Helfferich, Jutta Lindert, and Susan Garthus Niegel. “Rapid Review on the Associations of Social and Geographical Isolation and Intimate Partner Violence: Implications for the Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic,”2021.DEFINING TRAUMAM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202420 | | 21Stained CottonI cried.I cried for us.I cried for him.I cried for what we’d lost,And what we’d become.Everything I had loved,I could no longer see. What had once been there,now replaced,by hues of black and blue.I do not remember what had put me in that place,A place of self-doubt and depreciation.That had caused my swollen eyes.I held it so tight, As my tear-soaked pillow was the only warmth I felt....There was an absence of caring,Of gentility.But what I really needed,Was the absence of hope.The absence of the one thing that fed the fire.That whispered promise I’d heard one too many times.I needn’t it,Because without it I would do better.I would live better. I would be better.I had enveloped myself within a delusion of comfort.Of what I thought had been love.An illusion of safety.But often I felt alone,Within an infinite expanse,that suffocatingly contained an absence of space.I was swallowed by this emptiness, and wished I’d awake.Or never remember.FIG. 2.1 (RIGHT SIDE)The Void, Author 2023.DEFINING TRAUMAM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202422 | | 23As previously mentioned, hysteria was a diagnosis which befell many women and remained in medical discourse until 1980, when it was officially removed from the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.32 Though it went by many names, there is documentation suggesting it was first diagnosed in 1900 BC, Egypt, in relation to the uterus and the female body.33 In 1880, Jean-Martin Charcot, a French neurologist and professor, was the first to begin writing about hysteria as a physical ailment which he theorized was the result of unknown internal injury affecting the woman’s nervous system. Among his medical students was Sigmund Freud, who took the concepts conceived by Charcot and further developed his musings on female hysteria between 1880-1915. In Freud’s point of view, hysteria was not a result of physical injury but rather a “psychological scar produced through trauma or repression”. The psychological scar which Freud refers to in particular is of when a woman realizes she is without male genitalia and is unable to cope with the loss of this member.34 PROGRESSION OF TREATMENT FOR PTSD + IPVHysteria Treatment for this diagnosis was primarily to be wed, have intercourse and/or give birth to relieve symptoms, but when that was not possible women were treated through a uterine massage. In 1910, the uterine massage became classified as alternative medicine and fell out of favour as a form of treatment; this was due to the knowledge that the symptoms of hysteria diagnosis were actually derived from mental illness and not gender specific as previously thought.35 03 32. McVean, Ada. “The History of Hysteria,” 2017.33. Tasca, Cecilia, Mariangela Rapetti, Mauro Giovanni Carta, and Bianca Fadda. “Women And Hysteria In The History Of Mental Health,” 110.34. McVean, Ada. 2017.35. McVean, Ada. 2017. After World War I, many returning soldiers were being diagnosed with ‘shell shock’ or ‘war neuroses’. Symptoms of shell shock and war neuroses were almost identical to those of hysteria and sometimes included extensive amnesia, memory loss and other forms of disassociation. In 1920, William Brown, building on Freud’s musings of hysteria, theorized that symptoms of shell shock were physical manifestations in the body of repressed emotional turmoil. The connection of shell shock and hysteria were similar not only in their symptoms but also in their origin of cause.36 Treatment for shell shock was primarily based in hypnosis. Brown believed that hypnotism provided a point of emotional released for the soldiers who were under pressure of attempted self-control of symptoms. Although hypnosis did help in treatment, it was not in itself the answer; rather the cure resulted from memory recollection and recovery from disassociation, as well as learning to cope with the traumatic memories. Freud, building upon Brown’s writings, began using psychoanalytic treatment or the ‘talking cure’, which focused on allowing patients to speak freely about their thoughts without censorship. The idea behind this was to allow for the patient to begin piecing together their fragmented memories in hopes of full recollection.37.1 Shell Shock36. Dayan, Jacques, and Ber-trand Olliac. “From Hysteria and Shell Shock to Posttrau-matic Stress Disor-der: Comments on Psychoanalytic and Neuropsychologi-cal Approaches,” 297-298.37.1. Dayan, Jacques, and Ber-trand Olliac. 298.PROGRESSION OF TREATMENT FOR PTSD + IPVTHE IN-BETWEEN: HEALING THROUGH TRANSITION L SP CE IN TH URBAN CONTEXTGP1 2023M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202424 | | 25PsychoanalysisPsychotherapy became a mainstream practice in the late 1800s, when Sigmund Freud coined the term ‘psychoanalysis’. Psychoanalysis as a form of therapy involving one-on-one patient and therapist appointments where Freud would use the time for discussion as a means to analyze the patient’s thought patterns, actions and emotions. 37.2 PsychotherapyEMDRFor those struggling in the earlier stages of recovery or of whom have been burdened with severe trauma, will be encouraged to receive Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR). EMDR utilizes eye movement to distract the mind and prevent the patient from being thrown back into the memory of their respective trauma. Though this form of therapy is geared towards clinical practice, it was coined in the late 80s by a Dr. Francine Shapiro and originated from the concept of walking in nature and the sensorial experience that accompanied the movement.37.4 37.4. “The Original Natural EMDR: Healing Trauma Naturally, Gently - Outside.” 2021.PROGRESSION OF TREATMENT FOR PTSD + IPVCognitive Behavioural TherapyIn the early 1900s, behaviorism grew in favour. Therapists who focused on this practice shifted into talk-therapy, which is known today as cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT). This form of treatment is centered around the patient changing their thought patterns and behaviours in hopes of improving their coping skills when placed in triggering situations. This form of treatment has proven effective for PTSD, depression, and anxiety disorders, among others.37.3 Among individual clinical appointments, many patients seek group therapy treatment, focused on collective recovery of which very often follow CBT methods.37.2.“A Brief History Of Psychotherapy,” 2024. 37.3. American Psychological Association. “What Is Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?,” 2017.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202426 | | 27The power that your mind has over your health, both physical and mental, while being strongly influenced by your surroundings has been a point of contention over the years.38 Attempts to deconstruct or isolate these concepts into independent categories is a pointless feat because they will always be intertwined, although it was not always thought of in this way. From diagnosis of hysteria to the lack of previous understanding surrounding the affects of poor living conditions on your well-being, the ideas of health in relation to mind, body and space have developed significantly, but still the idea of health and healing as primary tools in architectural design is fairly new. 39 The concept of trauma informed design has been a powerful driver in discussions surrounding designing space for those who suffer from trauma related injury. While focused on making spaces with a sense of calm, security and connection to the community while also being mindful of curating environments that are sensory friendly, these designs tend to be more oriented towards clinical space, temporary space for recovery and group living than that of urban space. 40 With trauma primarily being treated through clinical therapy, the space which we inhabit temporarily on a weekly or bi-weekly basis holds a lot of power over our ability to engage during sessions as well as our journey towards recovery.THE ARCHITECTURE OF TRAUMAIntertwined: Mind + Body + Space04 mind towards recovery38. Stapelberg, Nicolas J. C., Grace Branjerdporn, Sam Adhikary, Susannah Johnson, Kevin Ashton, and John Headrick. “Environmental Stressors and the PINE Network: Can Physical Environmental Stressors Drive Long-Term Physical and Mental Health Risks?”, 3.39. Simonsen, Thorben, Jodi Sturge, and Cameron Duff. “Healing Architecture in Healthcare: A Scoping Review.”40. “Designing for Healing Dignity & Joy: Promoting Physical Health, Mental Health, and Well-Being Through Trauma-Informed Design,” 2020. 12-15.FIG. 4.1 (RIGHT SIDE)Context Map, Author 2023.THE ARCHITECTURE OF TRAUMATHE IN-BETWEEN: HEALING THROUGH TRANSITION L SP CE IN TH URBAN CONTEXTGP1 2023M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202428 | | 29Clinical therapy has progressed significantly over the past couple of centuries but began with the most iconic and often cinematically referenced version of spatial arrangements, the daybed. Though the daybed pre-dated the birth of psychoanalysis in the 1890s, Sigmund Freud only began using it as a regular component when he shifted from physical to psychological treatment for mental ailments. 41 The driving concept behind this arrangement was that when the patient was lying down without making direct eye-contact, rather staring at a blank ceiling, a more intimate and focused space was created which allowed the patient to open up and speak more freely about their troubles. The arrangement of the therapist sitting behind the patient also exemplified the ideology that the therapist should not intervene in the patient’s meditative state but rather be there as an observer. 42 The psychotherapeutic treatment in relation to the daybed was first questioned and rearranged by Wilhelm Reich in the 1930s. He believe that by sitting across from them and making eye-contact, he was breaking down the barrier of patient/therapist hierarchy and allowing his patients to see him as human. This formation also allowed for the Reich observe his patients’ body movements more thoroughly for changes in facial expressions and any unconscious ticks they might display while talking about their traumatic memories. Reich also began engaging more in the sessions where he would hold conversations with his patients, answering any questions they might pose of him.43 This shift in methodology was a huge milestone in the practice of clinical therapy and propelled clinical practice what we now see today. In 1959, videoconferencing for therapeutic use began being used for group therapy sessions, long-term therapy treatment and consultation psychiatry in the United States. Over the next 40 years it spread geographically and by the 2000s its effectiveness as a form of treatment was recognized.44The Space for Treatment41. Stevens, Susannah. “How This Couch Changed Everything.” 2015. 42. Stevens, Susannah. 2015. 43. Sharaf, Myron R. Fury On Earth: A Biography Of Wilhelm Reich. 242-243.44. Von Hafften, Alexander. “History of Telepsychiatry.” 2023.FIG. 4.2 (RIGHT SIDE)Evolution of the Clinical Typology, Author 2023.THE ARCHITECTURE OF TRAUMAM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202430 | | 31Though teletherapy was an available system in place for psychotherapy treatment since the 1950s, it was not the primary form of therapeutic counselling care until the onset of Covid-19 in 2020. Amid the pandemic, when everyone was forced to isolate and society ‘shut down’, many patients and therapists began to rely on electronic forms of communication whereas teletherapy became the only avenue for continued therapy care.45 Though teletherapy was effective for some patients, where therapists saw little to no change to their trajected recovery, there were many patients that did not transition as well. Many patients felt distanced, not only physically but emotionally from their therapists and the respective conversations. Therapists also noticed issues surrounding the patient’s treatment from home such as lack of access to private space, an unstable internet connection and numerous distractions in the home environment. The lack of social interaction and face-to-face counselling caused many challenges for PTSD patients who relied on their therapist’s physical presence as a strong influence on their capacity for emotional regulation and feeling of safety.46 Not only did the physical distancing from the clinical setting affect patients but those who were in situations of IPV became more isolated and trapped with their intimate partner being their primary form of social interaction. The ability to escape violent and abuse situations diminished drastically and therapy sessions would become non-existent due to the lack of privacy and private spaces in the home. Spaces of transition between designated destinations would become a space to think, to reflect and to feel safe. The drive to and from the grocery store. The walk around the block. The moments of escape and tranquility were far and few between.Teletherapy + Covid-19The idea that therapy and therapeutic treatment can extend beyond the realm of clinical treatment is not new, though alternative forms of care are not highly regarded in the North American mental healthcare system. For example, the act of engaging in meditation has been proven to reduce stress, anxiety, insomnia, and other symptoms related to PTSD.47 Treatment through healing architecture is also another growing area of focus in relation to reducing stress-induced symptoms and promoting healing and well-being through evidence-based design (EBD) 48, as is the case for spending more time outdoors and in nature. 49 With psychotherapy or ‘Talk Therapy’, centered on the act of talking as a therapeutic system, we can also start to see how different situations in our day-to-day lives through acts of social interaction can potentially reward us with similar benefits to traditional therapy. Things such as salon appointments, grabbing a drink or going to the park with a friend can start to shape and provide positive effect on our mental health and well-being.The ‘Act’ of Therapy45. Werbart, Andrzej, Linda Byléhn, Tuva Maja Jansson, and Björn Philips. “Loss of Rituals, Boundaries, and Relationship: Patient Experiences of Transition to Telepsychotherapy Following the Onset of COVID-19 Pandemic.”, 2.46. Werbart, Andrzej, Linda Byléhn, Tuva Maja Jansson, and Björn Philips, 2.47. McGee, Mi-chael. “Meditation and Psychiatry.” 37.48. . Thaddeus, Jaja. “Healing Architecture in Hospital Design”, 1322-23.49. Bratman, Gregory N., J. Paul Hamilton, and Gretchen C. Daily. “The Impacts of Nature Experience on Human Cogni-tive Function and Mental Health.”THE ARCHITECTURE OF TRAUMAM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202432 | | 33The journey of recovery is not as linear as we are led to believe, nor is it finite. Rather, our mental health is continuously improving, diminishing, and evolving in an erratic manner dictated largely by our mental state and influenced by life events, our surrounding environments, and the relationships we hold.However, when we begin to think of recovery in space as something beyond the realm of traditional architecture, the possibilities for treatment, healing and the benefit to our well-being become the tools for which we create space; this mentality also embraces the idea that architecture is not solely a construct of four walls but rather relies on the human interaction, connection, and habitation of the space to define its identity. “The human essence of architecture cannot be grasped at all unless we acknowledge its metaphoric, mental, and expressive nature. Architecture is constructed mental space.” 50 In this sense, our emotional experience of space should be the driving factor in our design process. BEYOND THE CLINICA Spectrum for Recovery05 the power of space50. Robinson, Sarah, and Juhani Pallasmaa. Mind in Architecture: Neuroscience, Embodiment, and the Future of Design, 54.FIG. 5.1 (RIGHT SIDE)Trajectory of Healing, Author 2023.BEYOND THE CLINICTHE IN-BETWEEN: HEALING THROUGH TRANSITION L SP CE IN TH URBAN CONTEXTGP1 2023M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202434 | | 35The power that form, light and colour have over our experience of space as well as our health and well-being is immense. 51 52 Though form does create different spatial conditions for which our body inhabits, it is colour and light that truly control how we perceive and experience our environment. Colour in and of itself is the form of space, “for the human eye there is no space without its colour; and no colour that does not create its own space. When you open your eyes the texture of the entire visual field consists of one thing: and that is colour.”53 With the added complexity of light, our perception of space expands into the relationship between the observer, the surface which is created by combination of form and colour, and the condition of light. How we experience the space will begin to alter because varying degrees of lighting conditions change our perception of colour and form and thus our perception of the space. 54 Though overstimulation through excessive use of colour in architectural design has been criticized as creating environments which are distracting and fatiguing, the lack of colour in monotonous and white toned spaces has resulted in undersimulating spaces. From a psychological standpoint, this has a negative impact on our well-being. 55 The milieu for which is most psychologically beneficial would be a spectrum of colour in varying degrees as we need colour stimuli to attain comfort in our space. 56 57 Colour is “the language of health and wellbeing. It gives us a means of both self-reflection and self-expression,” 58 it is ”the language through which we experience, interpret, and express the experience of survival. In essence, colour is the language of existence, subsistence, imagination, aspiration, persistence, distinctiveness, organisation individuality and unity. It is the language of health and wellbeing.” 59Spatiality: Form, Light + ColourFIG. 5.2Spatial Conditions, Author 2023.51. McKimm, R. “Colour, Health and Wellbeing through the Lens of Colour Analytical Psychology.” 218.52. Pernão, J. “Light and Colour in the Process of Teach-ing Architectural Design,” 400.53. Pernão, J, 400.54. Pernão, J, 400.55. Mahnke, Frank H. Color, Environ-ment, and Human Response: An Interdisciplinary Understanding of Color and Its Use as a Beneficial Ele-ment in the Design of the Architectural Environment, 25. 56. Mahnke, Frank H., 26.57. Pernão, J. “Light and Colour in the Process of Teach-ing Architectural Design,” 403.58. McKimm, R. “Colour, Health and Wellbeing through the Lens of Colour Analytical Psychology.”, 219.59. McKimm, R., 219. BEYOND THE CLINICM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202436 | | 37Luis BarraganThe power of Luis Barragan’s work lies in his understanding of kine-aesthetic environments and our emotional connection to space. Simple in appearance, there is a complexity to his decision making in relation to composition of space and light, material and colour, smell, sound, movement, and time. Many of his spaces have this duality between space and time, where the viewer is coaxed into a state of meditation, a moment of trance and of contemplation. Within these spaces that attain the perfect balance of all compositional elements, one could experience the overwhelmingly atmospheric sensation where ”silence sings”. 60 Though he produced a large body of work varying from urban monuments to residential homes, some of his most successful works are those which remained on a smaller scale of bodily relation to space. The spaces where the viewer is enveloped, a moment when time stands still and all that’s heard is silence.FIG. 5.3 (TOP LEFT)Foyer of Luis Barragan’s Home in Mexico City.FIG. 5.4 (TOP RIGHT)Guest Bedroom.FIG. 5.5 (BOTTOM LEFT)Light Well, Barragan Foundation 2018.FIG. 5.6 (BOTTOM RIGHT)Yellow Passage, James Casebere2017.60. Van den Bergh, Wim. Luis Barragán, The Eye Embodied, 1-2.BEYOND THE CLINICM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202438 | | 39James TurrellThough James Turrell’s work is classified as art and he self-identifies as an artist first and foremost, his work embodies an inherently spatial aspect. Whether his installations are created for existing spaces or designed in tandem with architectural monuments, he is focused on how light and colour can embody a sense of power and presence of space. 61 “I’m interested in the sense of presence of space; that is space where you feel a presence, almost an entity — that physical feeling and power that space can give.” 62 His work is also “not about light, or a record of light; it is light — the physical presence of light made manifest in sensory form.” 63 As Turrell was educated by a BA in Perceptual Psychology, he understood the connection between our psychological self and the power that space had over us. In essence he was enthralled by the idea of creating “an experience of wordless thought”. 64FIG. 5.7 James Turrell Gallery Exhibition, Vancouver,Author 2024.FIG. 5.8 James Turrell Gallery Exhibition, Vancouver (2),Author 2024.FIG. 5.9 James Turrell Gallery Exhibition, Vancouver (3),Author 2024.FIG. 5.10James Turrell Gallery Exhibition, Vancouver (4), Author 2024.61. “Introduction.” James Turrell. https://jamesturrell.com/about/intro-duction/. 2023.62. “Introduction.” James Turrell. 63. “Introduction.” James Turrell.64. “Introduction.” James Turrell.BEYOND THE CLINIC5.105.75.95.8M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202440 | | 41Light + Colour as TherapyTITLE: Meditation ChambersARCHITECT/ARTIST: Office Of Things LOCATION: San Francisco, USA YEAR: 2017PHYSICAL FORM: Installation PROGRAM (TYPOLOGY/USE): WellnessSIZE: UnknownThis project, based in San Fran-cisco, was one of the first proj-ects by Office of Things which encompassed the spatial and emotional concepts similar to the works of Luis Barragan and James Turrell. The Meditation Chambers, designed specifically for workplace environments, was created to explore how calming spaces with light and colour can benefit employees and provide a space of refuge. The idea, which created a meditative environment while enveloping its users in a ‘womb-like’ space through a varying landscape of curving sound-dampening partitions, cushioned bench-es, and lush floor cushions, was something that grew in popu-larity after the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, where the affects of work generated stress on our mental health became more widely acknowledged. 65FIG. 5.11The Sky, 2017.FIG. 5.12Entry, 2017.FIG. 5.13Perspective of The Sky, 2017.65. Levy, Natasha. “Meditation Cham-bers by Office Of Things Wash Workers in Colourful Light.” 2020. BEYOND THE CLINIC5.125.115.13M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202442 | | 43As humans, we are drawn to and stimulated by nature. As a result of this unconscious pull, we tend to desire natural environments over those that are built. Moreso, immersion in nature, through vegetation and water, can have positive affects on our mental, physical and community health as well as our overall well-being. In short, these qualities of natural space can aid in our psychological recovery. 66 Though more attention is being brought to the restorative affect of nature on our well-being, the ideologies behind this concept are not new. Landscapes which elicited the use of space for meditation and tranquility date back to the 15th century in the form of Japanese Zen gardens. 67 The idea of forest bathing also emerged from Japan but at a much later date, during the 1980s. The concept of forest bathing began as a physiological and psychological exercise called shinrin-yoku, where the intention behind the practice was to offer a nature-based remedy for the tech-boom burnout as well as a way of encouraging community members to reconnect with and protect their surrounding forests. 68 This practice focuses on creating a space for conscious and meditative based activity where one is meant to immerse themselves in the sights, sounds and smells provided by the natural environment. As this concept of recovery grew in popularity, there have been many studies done backing the positive affects of forest bathing on our mental, physical, and emotional well-being. 69 Natural landscape for overall health and well-being has also been used in purpose driven design in the form of therapeutic landscapes; where the term has been used to represent landscape with an “enduring reputation for achieving physical, mental, and spiritual healing.”70 Furthermore, the typology of a healing garden focuses on the treatment of specific ailments such as relief from physical symptoms caused by illness or trauma, reduced levels of stress and remediation from emotionally and/or physically tiring experiences, all geared towards an improved sense of overall well-being in the patient. 71Landscape for Recovery66. Griffin, Isa-belle, and Birgitta Gatersleben, eds. “Environmental Stress.” In Hand-book of Environ-mental Psychology and Quality of Life Research, 46-7, 49.67. Larkins, Karen. “The Tranquil Zen Garden of Kyoto.”68. Fitzgerald, Sunny. “The Secret to Mindful Trav-el? A Walk in the Woods.”69. “Forest Bath-ing.” Global Well-ness Institute. 70. Jiang, Shan. “Therapeutic Land-scapes and Healing Gardens: A Review of Chinese Litera-ture in Relation to the Studies in West-ern Countries.”, 142. 71. Jiang, Shan, 143. BEYOND THE CLINICM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202444 | | 45The Therapeutic GardenTITLE: Sensory Garden MagnetenARCHITECT/ARTIST: AI Gruppen + MASU Planning LOCATION: Frederiksberg, Denmark YEAR: 2017PHYSICAL FORM: Pavillion PROGRAM (TYPOLOGY/USE): Wellness SIZE: 37,674 sq. ft.While some gardens are designed for a general sense of well-being and connection to nature, the therapeutic landscape and garden is centered on the space acting in a regenerative and healing way towards the inhabitants. This sensory garden, created as a form of treatment for adults with physical and mental disability, focuses on engaging the participants in their environment through sensorial spaces and a variety in spatial conditions; these spaces consist of smaller more intimate environments for one-on-on participation, larger areas for group activities and areas which focus on physical movement and well-being. Overall, the therapeutic garden aims to achieve in placing the participant in a calm and controlled space where they can focus and be enveloped by the varying sensory conditions. 72 72. MASU Planning. “Sensory Garden Mageten.” 2023.BEYOND THE CLINICFIG. 5.14Participants engaging in sensorial environment, MASU Planning2017. FIG. 5.15Circular seating arrangement, MASU Planning2017. FIG. 5.16Participants learning to garden with guided help, MASU Planning2017. FIG. 5.17Overview of site, MASU Planning2017. FIG. 5.18Participant engaged in gardening,MASU Planning2017. 5.145.15 5.165.17 5.18M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202446 | | 47In the field of architecture, the concept of transitionary space is defined as the connection between two or more enclosed spaces, the space between indoors and outdoors or the space between public and private 73 74; examples of this include hallways, stairwells, and vestibules. Loosely defined, transitional space is the space in-between two static places 75; therefore, it is possible to view the movement and journey between two destinations as a type of transitional space. The space that exists between home and the pharmacy, between the pharmacy and school, between school and the clinic, all exist as moments of transition, of in-between spaces. In this regard, the in-between spaces become seemingly urban in context, as they are happening outside of the physical architecture. In the same realm of spatial experience lives the idea of liminal space. While liminal space still retains similar concepts to transitional space in relation to the idea of the in-between, liminal space it is more strongly focused on the connection to the human component, the lack thereof and the psychological experience of the in-between 76; liminal spaces are transitional spaces but also transformative spaces. 77 In other words, liminal space is a threshold for which you cross and speaks to a period of transition or gap in life whether physical, emotional or metaphorical; it represents “the actual space or time in which you shift from one phase to another.”78Transitional and Liminal Space73. Szauter, Dan-iella. “Transition Spaces.”, 223.74. Kray, Christian, Holger Fritze, Thore Fechner, Angela Schwering, Rui Li, and Vanessa Anacta. Transitional Spaces: Between Indoor and Out-door Spaces, 14.75. Szauter, Daniel-la, 223.76. Prabhu, Manasi. “Liminal Spaces: Are They Applica-ble or a Concern.” 2023.77. Better Help. “Liminal Space: What Is It And How Does It Affect You?,” 2023.78. Neumann, Kimberly. “Liminal Space: What Is It And How Does It Affect Your Mental Health?” 2022. BEYOND THE CLINICM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202448 | | 49In 2023, many Canadians are finding themselves struggling to cope with many environmental, social, economical, and political stressors, all of which have a lasting impact on their health, mentally and physically. Though Canada is among the few countries of which provide universal healthcare, there is a growing need for mental healthcare accessibility in Canada, the absence of which these resources can be strongly felt. Canadian healthcare is subdivided into coverage by province of habitancy, all of which vary slightly, but for the most part contain the same benefits and limitations. I will be referencing British Columbia’s healthcare plan MSP when discussing healthcare regulations more specifically, but overall will be referring to Canada’s general healthcare system along with the findings from Statistics Canada. Healthcare plans in British Columbia under the MSP act cover most health-related issues in terms of diagnosing and treating physical illness. However, when the diagnosis and treatment of mental health is deemed necessary, many Canadians are paying out of pocket if they do not have extended healthcare coverage through their employment or educational facilities. The few that have the benefit of extended healthcare coverage often have limitations placed on their accessibility to these benefits, some of which included a monetary value of $1250 total for clinical therapy in a calendar year, of which equates to approximately 10-12 sessions dependent on your physician and clinic location in relation to session cost. These sessions do not usually extend past an hour and many times the resolution and working portion of the session falls into the span of 15 minutes. 15 minutes of mental health aid every month is not sufficient for many when it comes to addressing their needs and potentially aiding in their recovery. This supplemental mental healthcare is also disregarding the Canadian population who is left without access to treatment due to cost and other extenuating circumstances. THE CANADIAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEMMSP in British ColumbiaTHE SPACE IN-BETWEENTHE CANADIAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEM06FIG. 6.1 (RIGHT SIDE)Branches of the Canadian Healthcare System, Author, 2023.(MSP flow diagram)M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202450 | | 51In 2018, Statistics Canada did a survey asking Canadians to self-report on their perceived need for mental healthcare. Of the 24,607,300 Canadians who responded, 2,341,200 reported than their needs were either partially met or not at all met. That is 9.5% of the population who are not receiving the mental health care that they need. (fig. 1)The statistics showed that British Columbian’s need for mental health care facilities is above the national average, coming in at 51.1%. Furthermore, when subdividing by age group, those who fell in the range of 18-34 year olds had the highest self-identified need for mental health care.Statistics Canada also did a survey in 2021 on Mental Health Needs and Stressful Event, where the data showed 8% of Canadians have PTSD related symptoms while 5% have been clinically diagnosed. Within their dataset, they found that the age group of adults 18-24 are four times more likely to have PTSD than senior 65 years and older.Perceived Need for Mental Healthcare NationwideFIG. 6.2, (LEFT) Self-Reported need for Mental Healthcare in Canada, 12 years and over as per 2018. Top, including total Canadian population c.2018. Bottom, excluding unsurveyed population.Author, 2023.FIG.6.3, (RIGHT) Self-Reported need for Mental Healthcare in Canada by Province (excluding the 3 Territories), 12 years and over as per 2018.Author, 2023.THE CANADIAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEMM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202452 | | 53THE CANADIAN HEALTHCARE SYSTEMTHE IN-BETWEEN: HEALING THROUGH TRANSITION L SP CE IN TH URBAN CONTEXTGP1 2023FIG. 6.4, (LEFT) Self-Reported need for Mental Healthcare in British Columbia by identified Age Group as per 2018.Author, 2023.FIG. 6.5, (RIGHT) Self-Reported need for Mental Healthcare in British Columbia by identified Age Group as per 2018.Author, 2023.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202454 | | 55Over the past 20 years, accessibility to urban greenspace in Vancouver has diminished 79, something of which had a significant impact on the health and well-being of individuals during the Covid-19 pandemic80. Along with the lack of urban greenspace, many BC residents and students reported their needs being unmet in relation to mental healthcare and available treatment, especially for students on the university campuses. 81 82 As of fall 2022, UBC provides facilities to approximately 70,000 students seeking post-secondary education 83; however the accessibility to in-person mental healthcare services is limited, with only two buildings servicing student psychotherapy counselling, of which hold no more than 30 offices designated for clinical treatment. A lack of space also equates to issues surrounding treatment in terms of time. Students are booked in for bi-weekly appointments and if they are not in attendance or abruptly stop scheduling appointments, no follow-ups are provided to assure the students’ mental state has improved or at least leveled out. Though UBC provides extended online resources for those in need 84, these services are not as accessible to those suffering from IPV trauma due to situational circumstances. Even if a student has the ability to receive care through teletherapy, the absence of transitional space between the clinic and home that provided patients with moments of thoughtfulness, decompression and reflection is lost. 85 Along with students who are attempting to attain some form of clinical care, we cannot discount those who have yet to gain confidence towards seeking traditional psychotherapeutic treatment and remain in need.MENTAL HEALTHCARE AT UBCOverview80. Davies, Clive, and Giovanni Sane-si. “COVID-19 and the Importance of Urban Green Spac-es.”, 1.81. Government of Canada. “Mental Health Care Needs, 2018.” 82. Treleaven, Sarah. “Inside the Mental Health Crisis at Canadian Uni-versities.” 2022. 83. Universities Can-ada. “Enrolment by University,” 2022.84. University of British Columbia Student Services. “Counselling Services: Mental Health Crisis Sup-port,” 2016.85. Werbart, Andrzej, Linda Byléhn, Tuva Maja Jansson, and Björn Philips. “Loss of Rituals, Boundaries, and Relationship: Patient Experienc-es of Transition to Telepsychotherapy Following the Onset of COVID-19 Pan-demic.”, 5. MENTAL HEALTHCARE AT UBC07FIG. 7.1Plan of UBC’s Vancouver Campus and the relationship between available Mental Health facilities and Urban Greenspace, Author2023. M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202456 | | 57Causation of the Median Need for TreatmentThorough an analysis of a report concerning the mental health needs of UBC students, we can see that 89% of students felt overwhelmed by their workload and other tasks outside of school, while 88% felt exhausted throughout the day without having done any physically extenuating activities. Among those surveyed 55% reported higher than normal levels of anxiety due to school-related stress and 36% of students felt overwhelmingly depressed to the point where they were unable to function at a normal capacity. Many things affected the experience of these students but the highest cause of mental health imbalance was in relation to stress.Due to the to the lack of regular accessibility to clinical mental healthcare treatment, the rate of stress increases throughout the semester and peaks during finals (FIG. 7.3). Many clinical treatments have also shifted towards online appointments due to flexibility for staff and the opportunity for aid outside of the campus setting. Though the shift is with good intentions, many students suffer due to the lack of transitional space they are afforded pre and post-appointment. The importance of transitional space while in recovery is immense, as it creates time and space to process the material covered during the appointment, as well as allowing for the presence of a mental and physical distance from the zone dedicated to healing. Without this in-between space and the resources we so desperately need, students are left stagnated with their troubles and have very few other options to address them (FIG. 7.4).[FIG. 7.2, RIGHT] Statistics based on a mental health needs assessment of UBC students in 2015.Author, 2023.MENTAL HEALTHCARE AT UBCM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202458 | | 59MENTAL HEALTHCARE AT UBCFIG. 7.3Linear diagram documenting the increased stress levels over a semester at University where clinical appointments are scheduled bi-weekly and unconsistently timed,Author,2023. M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202460 | | 61MENTAL HEALTHCARE AT UBCFIG. 7.4Comparative linear diagram documenting the difference between teletherapy and face-to-face therapy in relation to space, time and stress levels,Author,2023. M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202462 | | 63Current clinical typologies seem to be designed more towards the efficiency of space and functionality of business than that of patient experience and care. The temporary counselling services building contains stark white walls, an uncomfortably large waiting area and long double-loaded corridors which for some create an unpleasant and triggering environment. Not only is the overall building designed for efficiency and functionality but so are the clinical rooms. Therapy session spaces act simultaneously as offices, where occupiable space for patients is limited to a single chair. As the potential for movement in the space is diminished, sensory triggers are heightened through overall work-related clutter on the desk and an incessant rhythmic ticking emanating from the large wall clock. The presence of the clock is never forgotten, as the therapist continues to check it periodically throughout the session, only further hammering the idea that the clinical therapy office is built on the model of efficiency over comfort and experience. Lack of nature in this recovery space is also evident, with a window overlooking the IKB library framed by a paved horizon. Upon leaving the office, if you desired a space for reflection and thoughtfulness you are confronted with an environment flooded by students or a bosquet that is an amalgamated formation of systemically planted trees and desire paths. Though the campus is surrounded by forest, access to the wooded area is limited by lack of transit stops and overall walking distance from the center of campus. Due to this realization, there is a need for more purposefully designed urban spaces which focus on fostering an environment for physical and social well-being, recovery and healing outside of the traditional clinical typology while being easily accessible.A Case for On-Campus Urban CareMENTAL HEALTHCARE AT UBCFIG. 7.5 Floorplan of traditional therapy clinic and highlighted triggers, Author,2023.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202464 | | 65The intent of this thesis is to focus on the idea of creating a freely accessible urban space on the UBC campus to address the need for extended mental healthcare while advocating towards a non-clinical form of recovery, healing and care. Ideas such as nature as care, sensory experience in relation to grounding and chromotherapy, social engagement and interaction, as well as liminal space for reflection will be the overarching concepts for spatial design. UBC’s Campus Vision 2050 90, the UBC Public Realm Plan and the limitations brought forth by the site itself will also have an impact of the outcome of the redesign.As every mind is different in terms of what they require and desire for their individual mental health, the spaces for which people inhabit should be designed on a spectrum of experience; between quiet and loud spaces, those that are social and oppositionally more private, stimulating spaces versus calming environments, all of these spaces should serve the inhabitant in some form.With the design of site focused on a variation of spatial conditions, it should also take into consideration the concept of the site itself acting as a transitional and liminal space. The site is a self-contained and concentrated environment which is in and of itself a heightened experience of the urban spatial condition associated with recovery and healing, especially for those with IPV related trauma. Spaces which encourage meandering, are transitionary, create moments of separation or envelopment as well as playing with sensory deprivation and spatial disorientation can encourage situational awareness and aid in grounding the participant on the site.Though the site is designed with IPV victims in mind, it is not prescriptive nor exclusionary. This space can benefit everyone and anyone it different ways, dependent on what they are seeking and require. Other patients from the adjacent counselling services, those who have yet to gain confidence in seeking professional care, those who are in-between counselling sessions and need a space for respite and even those who solely desire a social space to engage with their peers. All are welcome.AN URBAN AND SOCIAL REDESIGNDesign Premise + Drivers08AN URBAN AND SOCIAL REDESIGN90. UBC Campus Vision 2050. “Shaping the Future of UBC Vancouver,” December 2023.THE IN-BETWEEN: HEALING THROUGH TRANSITION L SP CE IN TH URBAN CONTEXTGP1 2023FIG. 8.1 (RIGHT)Experiential Typologies, Author 2023.FIG. 8.2 (RIGHT)The Seven Senses, Author 2023.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202466 | | 67The bosquet, defined as a formal arrangement of trees, comes from a strong politically and socially charged past. Most frequently planted in a linear arrangement, the bosquet was a common staple in grandiose and ornate 15th century European gardens, accompanied by the addition of illusionary ‘never-ending’ lawns, sculptures, and extravagant water features. 86 In essence, the bosquet was part of a larger representational display of authority and power. 87 These landscapes were designed for aesthetic appearance and a visual reminder of the hierarchy of social order. Though UBC’s Point Grey campus opened to the public in 1925, its accelerated growth began between the 1950s to 1980s. Now in 2023, with the campus reaching 98 of age, there continues to be an ever-expanding growth to the architectural landscape, with new residents and facilities undergoing construction as well as the continued design and development of future facilities underway. Even with this steady growth, there are still a few centralized spaces in the urban fabric which remain untouched despite a desire for change, the bosquet being one of them. The antiquated ideologies of the bosquet do not fit in the context of the UBC campus of today. With great efforts being made towards equity and inclusion through the Inclusion Action Plan 89, strengthening of resources available through Student Services towards mental healthcare 90 and a desire to reconnect post Covid-19 to our physical environment, the desolate space of the bosquet calls for redevelopment and a new generational concept of urban greenspace catered towards care.SITEDown with the Antiquated 0986. Crew, Julie. “The Gardens of Versailles: Land-scaping a Political Facade.”, 21. 87. Crew, Julie, 19.88. University of British Columbia Campus + Com-munity Planning. “History of Campus Planning.” 2023.89. UBC Equity & Inclusion Office. “Inclusion Action Plan.” 2023.90. UBC Student Services. “Health and Wellbeing,” 2016.SITEFIG. 9.1 (TOP)Wilton Garden, Britain,1640.FIG. 9.2 (BOTTOM)Point Grey campus looking Northwest, UBC Archive Photo,1958.THE IN-BETWEEN: HEALING THROUGH TRANSITION L SP CE IN TH URBAN CONTEXTGP1 2023M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202468 | | 69OverviewAs a large greenspace centrally located on UBC’s Vancouver campus, the bosquet has been a topic of discussion for redevelopment for quite some time. The mucky groundcover and thick canopy create a wet and dark environment, which are less than ideal when designing a space for occupation. Due to the old growth pin oak, UBC’s desire to maintain their existing trees 91, and their extensive regulations in relation to development, there are limitations for design which must be upheld.The Bosquet as it is Today91. University of British Columbia Vancouver Cam-pus Plan. “Part 3: Design Guidelines.” 2020.SITEFIG. 9.3Context Plan of UBC,Author, 2023.THE IN-BETWEEN: HEALING THROUGH TRANSITION L SP CE IN TH URBAN CONTEXTGP1 2023M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202470 | | 71The bosquet sits centrally on the site adjacent to many highly frequented buildings such as the NEST, the Irving K. Barber library, and the Student Services building, yet it is rarely used as anything other than a transient space complied of ill-placed walkways and well-defined desire paths. There have been attempts made to encourage social interaction on the site, for example seating which borders the perimeter of the bosquet or through the placement of the friendship bench, yet the methods of implementation have fallen short. Though the bosquet remains empty, even as it occupies a significant portion of the most frequented area on campus, the desire for social space exists.FIG. 9.4 (UPPER RIGHT) Site Plan of Bosquet,Author, 2023.FIG. 9.5 (LOWER RIGHT) Site Sections of Bosquet,Author, 2023.SITETHE IN-BETWEEN: HEALING THROUGH TRANSITION L SP CE IN TH URBAN CONTEXTGP1 2023M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202472 | | 73Analysis of Existing ConditionsSITEPathwaysAs the site currently stands, there are numerous pathway typologies. A wide paved path breaks the bosquet into two larger sections (FIG. 9.6) while the site is bordered by a large framing walkway on three sides and a standard sidewalk on the fourth. Passing through the site there are a few roughly paved walkways which have been altered and cracked by tree roots attempting to surface (FIG, 9.13). Along with these paved pathways, pedestrians have also created desire paths which cross through the site in multiple directions (FIG. 9.7, FIG. 9.11, FIG. 9.12).FIG. 9.6 (TOP LEFT)Paved path between the bosquet, Author 2023.FIG. 9.7 (BOTTOM LEFT)Desire path on East side of bosquet, Author 2023.FIG. 9.8 Student Services elevation, Author, 2023.FIG. 9.9Path between bosquet and Student Services, Author, 2023.FIG. 9.10Undesired Path Author, 2023.FIG. 9.11Desire path on West side of bosquet, Author, 2023.FIG. 9.12Linear planting of trees and desire pathway, Author, 2023.FIG. 9.13 Cracked walkway, Author, 2023.9.8 9.99.10 9.119.12 9.13M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202474 | | 75SITESeatingThe only available seating visible around the bosquet (other than the damp trampled groundcover) consists of a long concrete bench which borders the site, as well as a bright yellow bench placed in the middle of a main pathway. Neither of these options appear to attract occupants.FIG. 9.14The Friendship Bench in context, Author 2023.FIG. 9.15 Close-up of the Friendship Bench, Author 2023.FIG. 9.16 East side concrete bench, Author 2023.FIG. 9.17South side concrete bench, Author 2023.9.16 9.179.14 9.15M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202476 | | 77SITETreesThe pin oak trees that inhabit the bosquet are approximately 70 years old. Their average height is 60 feet, and they have a canopy which spans 35 feet. In a grid four rows wide and 15 trees long, the canopy creates a dark space below, which only allows light during the late fall to early spring when the deciduous tree loses its leaves.The pin oak trees are sensitive to change in their surrounding environment, especially in relation to soil, water and new plantings. Any new foliage should be planted 10 feet away from the trunk as new roots will disrupt the pin oaks’ current water supply. The water irrigation onsite should refrain from being altered, but if necessary, must be done over a long period of time as to not shock the trees. Soil should not be added or tilled around the tree as it will suffocate and/or affect the root growth below. As the trees are so large and so is their root span underground, there are limited options for development.FIG. 9.18 Length of the Bosquet, Author, 2023.FIG. 9.19Shadows created by the canopy, Author, 2023.FIG. 9.20Darkness in the bosquet,Author, 2023.FIG. 9.21Water and mud in the bosquet, Author, 2023.FIG. 9.22Trees in the spring without leaves, Author, 2023.9.189.199.219.209.22M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202478 | | 79SITEOther PlantingsThere are no plants within the parameters of the bosquet except near the Northeast corner which is home to a planter and small patch of greenery.As the pin oak is sensitive to new plants being introduced to their environment, a careful selection of companion plants must be chosen. There should also be a preference for plants that are local to the region and that need minimal maintenance.The condition of the grass is patchy, with the desired paths leaving large swaths of dirt and exposed root while others areas are lush.9.23 9.24FIG. 9.23 Planter, Author 2023.FIG. 9.24Flower bed, Author 2023.FIG. 9.25 Lawn, Author 2023.FIG. 9.26Soil, Author 2023.9.25 9.26M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202480 | | 81SITEWater + SoilWater pooling onsite is apparent during the rainy season, as it tends to gather in areas along pathways as well as creating muddy groundcover which prevents year-round accessibility to the site. FIG. 9.27 Waterpooling, Author, 2023.FIG. 9.28Mudded desire path, Author, 2023.FIG. 9.29Water adjacent pathway,Author, 2023.FIG. 9.30Flooded grass, Author, 2023.FIG. 9.31Pooling by trunk, Author, 2023.9.279.289.299.30 9.31M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202482 | | 83SITELightingLight in and around the bosquet changes throughout the day and night by use of natural and artificial means. The light also varies in relation to the four seasons and environmental conditions such as rain, direct sunlight or overcast.Due to these evolving factors, the bosquet is constantly creating new experiential spaces.FIG. 9.32Fall daylight, Author, 2023.FIG. 9.33Fall rainy and overcast day, Author, 2023.FIG. 9.34Spring daylight, Author, 2023.FIG. 9.35Fall nighttime, Author, 2023.9.329.339.349.35M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202484 | | 85TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYDesign in Relation to the OccupantBefore we begin designing for a space, we must first focus on who we are designing for. The intended experience of the occupant should be the driver that pushes the design forward.I created a graph which laid out the daily schedule of three different occupants and how they would potentially interact with the site. Two of the occupants are students of whom have different routines, while the other occupant is a faculty member.10TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYFIG. 10.1Prospective Occupants, Author, 2023.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202486 | | 87TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYFIG. 10.2Occupant daily activities graph, Author, 2023.FIG. 10.3Occupant’s traits, Author, 2023.FIG. 10.4 Experiential diagram for the bosquet, Author, 2023.10.310.4M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202488 | | 89The Design ConceptProgramming the SiteAs therapeutic treatments from the clinical realm were a large driver in the design concept for this thesis, I wanted to create a procession through the site that held a space for which you would physically transition through as well as a space where you are given the ability to transition mentally in the form of recovery.I began to brainstorm different sensorial experiences from those that included smell, touch, sound and visual elements. Along with these I knew that to rediscover these senses and connection to your surroundings you must first reflect on what brought you to the site before cleansing your sensory palette prior to re-immersion.In planning the site organization as a procession, it also allowed the desire paths to dictate the individual sensory spaces. While the crossing of both desire and transitionary paths created a moment of intersection, a threshold one must cross before experiencing the next episode, it also acts to bring the occupant out of the experience and remind them of their physical being in relation to others. Similarly to UBC’s Nitobe garden, the redesign of the bosquet is created with an experiential narrative in mind for those who seek clarity, while it also functions as a space for all those who need it in a different capacity.TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERY10.510.6 10.7FIG. 10.5Site program and activity plotting, Author, 2023.FIG. 10.6Activity brainstorming, Author, 2023.FIG. 10.7Activity brainstorming (2), Author, 2023.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202490 | | 91Concept DiagramsWhile redesigning the bosquet, I wanted to focus on the six main design methodologies for which I gave importance.The first diagram aligns with the importance of maintaining the current condition of the bosquet and improving it while taking care of the pin oak trees occupying the site today. The gridded arrangement of the trees creates pockets for intervention but also creates a structure for which we can juxtapose through the design of our surrounding landscape.The desire paths that currently cross through the site are to be honoured as permanent pathways for commuting, Along these current and new pathways, there is opportunity for sensory intervention and the curiosity of exploration.The use of colour and light throughout the bosquet will guide the occupant through the site while heightening the sensorial experience.And finally, the therapeutic treatment of grounding as a main driver will create different points of transition and guidance for the occupant.TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYFIG. 10.8Concept diagrams, Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202492 | | 93The Path of RecoveryAs the desire paths are directional and pointed, the transitionary path of recovery was to be slow and meandering, curving and allowing time and space for discovery as well as self-reflection. For the transitionary path to take up the site by curving throughout also allows for each space to be experienced to its full capacity while addressing the needs of its various occupants. The path is a physical representation of the tumultuous road of recovery.The path also began to focus on its connection to the surrounding trees and how upon weaving through them, the site conditions dictated the directionality of the transitionary path.TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERY10.910.10FIG. 10.9Pathway dictated by tree placement, Author, 2023.FIG. 10.10Site planning, Author, 2023.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202494 | | 95Organizational MethodologyThe site focuses on the different spaces associated with their respective sensorial experience; however, our senses are not isolated in our environment and as such there is a blurring of the lines between each space.While thinking about the organization of the site, I focused on creating different nodes for individual and collective experiences. As the path curved through the bosquet, areas in which it curled inward and expanded outward were revealed. These spaces spoke towards the introverted and extroverted tendencies of individual and collective experience, which allowed for an organization methodology to unfold. As the lines of each space also began to blur and overlay along the path, it began to create an overlay, a transitional space within a transitional site or rather a crossing of thresholds from one sensorial environment into the next.TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERY10.1110.12FIG. 10.11Organizational brainstorming, Author, 2024.FIG. 10.12Final organizational methodology, Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202496 | | 97The Bosquet Re-envisionedTRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYreflective poolbutterfly bushespierced metalmulchhammockflat stonestoneswater poolinggravelwind chimesbenchbenchbenchbenchbenchbenchbenchbenchbenchbench benchbenchpolished rockpolished rockgratewood chimesbee towersbird housesIrving K. BarberLearning CentreUBC Life BuildingAMS StudentNestStudent ServicesBrock HallRecreation Centre North(Under Construction)Counselling ServicesHebbBuildingHillel HouseFIG. 10.13Bosquet redesign site plan, Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 202498 | | 99The Modelmaking ProcessThe act of creating a physical model and working with my hands was in and of itself a method of practice which connected me to the site and allowed me to experience space through its material, spatial and therapeutic qualities.The redesign of the bosquet changed throughout the process, especially when a tactile and 3-dimensional aspect began to emerge. At a 1:100 scale, the ability to add extensive detail was unfortunately hindered, but the model still allowed for concepts, spatial experiences, and the materiality of the site to shine through.TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERY10.14 10.1510.16 10.17FIG. 10.14Model path framework, Author, 2024.FIG. 10.15Model lighting planning, Author, 2024.FIG. 10.16Pathway fabric lay, Author, 2024.FIG. 10.17All pathways installed, Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024100 | | 101The Importance of MaterialityThough colour and light in and of themselves hold great importance in our experience, materiality can also greatly affect our sensorial relationship to space. Things such as reflection on material through light bouncing and dimming, our sense of touch being heightened by texture, the smell of wood changing in different weather conditions, and the sound of rain on a tin roof, all of these rely on variance in material sensibility.In relation to colour and designing for calming landscapes, staying true to the material’s unique qualities and using the neutral tones they provide can help in creating space that draws the occupant into a state of meditative content.TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYFIG. 10.18Material palette, Author, 2024.10.18M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024102 | | 103Unravelling the TapestryThe tapestry was created to complement the site model. Also at a 1:100 scale, the tapestry can be directly correlated to the model while viewing them simultaneously. As the model focused on the use of materiality and experience of space through physical form, the tapestry was designed to be a graphic representation of the site concept, its organizational design, and as a way emphasize the intersection of paths and their respective connections to the surrounding campus.The tapestry was designed while keeping in mind how materiality, colour and the treatment of both can denote changes in design intention and the related hierarchy of elements.The colour of the thread for the surrounding site context was done in a dark blue thread. The contextual greenspace was also done with a dark blue thread, however the fabric used is an olive green to denote its materiality. This includes all the grass on the site as well as the surrounding campus. The bosquet itself is sewn using a pink thread, separating it from the other swaths and marking its importance. The new plantings onsite are done is a dark green fabric. The green landscaped elements are left with frayed edges to mark their unpredictability while the constructed elements are hemmed, denoting its rigidity.TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERY10.19 10.2010.21 10.22FIG. 10.19Tapestry close-up, Author, 2024.FIG. 10.20Tapestry close-up (2),Author, 2024.FIG. 10.21Tapestry close-up (3),Author, 2024.FIG. 10.22Tapestry close-up (4),Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024104 | | 105The desired pathways remain the same colour and material as the ground plane of the campus because these pathways are more rooted in its connection to the surrounding site whereas the curved pathways are marked by a more vibrant colour. As the curved path crosses the desire paths, the colour changes and becomes a mix of both, marking the importance in their points of intersection. The secondary pathways which lead to sensorial interventions are done in the same material as the curved path, showing its relation to the meandering experience. However, the primary curved path is sewn with five lines and in a different colour, denoting its importance in hierarchy as well as emphasizing the movement and directionality.The buildings on site remain similar in colour to the site context, however the texture and thickness of the material differ, marking their difference. As the contextual buildings are sewn using dark blue thread, the two buildings which connect directly to the site (Counselling Services and the Nest), are sewn using the same colour thread as the primary curved path.Each sensorial space is designated by a differing ground colour which visually marks the organization of the site, while the pathways show their points of connection and separation.TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYFIG. 10.23Tapestry close-up (5),Author, 2024.FIG. 10.24Tapestry close-up (6),Author, 2024.10.2310.24M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024106 | | 107TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYFIG. 10.25Bosquet tapestry plan and layout, Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024108 | | 109TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYFIG. 10.26Bosquet graphic tapestry, Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024110 | | 111A PERFORMATIVE EXPERIENCEHow Presentation can Alter Spatial ExperienceAs the sensorial is rooted in its connection to the physical and mental experience of space, my presentation is designed to embody this concept by allowing the audience to be drawn into the space through a live narrative.The performance begins with an auditory soundtrack, consisting of a first person narrative and the character’s experience while passing through the site. At this point of time the site is dark as is the room that contains it. The only thing illuminated is the tapestry which hangs vertically behind the model as the audience sit on either side. The character begins describing their experience with their clinical treatment on campus and how it falls short, as they notice a subtle change in materiality underfoot and are brought onto the site.As the character enters the site, lights along the curved pathway illuminate the model, marking the first sensorial moment. The position and direction for which the character is narrating is marked by scaled women, whom are painted burgundy and highlighted by a red light below her figure on the path.As the character continues her journey and narration through the site, moments of interaction and connection are emphasized, as are moments for which the bosquet and its trees create unique experiences for the occupant.As the character moves through each sensorial environment, she speaks in a way which encourages the audience to embody the experience, which is further illustrated by accompanying spatial sound clips.As the character moves through the site, she experiences the same spaces in different ways as the conditions of light, rain, wind and darkness are continuously changing. The importance placed on presentation in relation to experience of space can be seen in the adjacent photographs. When the room is dark, we are able to use the light to highlight and emphasize moments of interest which in turn guide the audience through the space. When the overhead lights are on, we are pulled out of the envisioned experience and are made more situationally aware of our surrounding environment. 11THE FINAL ACTTHE FINAL ACT11.1 11.2FIG. 11.1Presentation arrangement with light performance,Author, 2024.FIG. 11.2Presentation with fluorescent lighting,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024112 | | 113THE FINAL ACT11.411.5FIG. 11.3Sightline through the length of the bosquet,Author, 2024.FIG. 11.4Review day presentation arrangement,Author, 2024.FIG. 11.5Review day post-presentation,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024114 | | 115THE NARRATIVEA Meandering TransitionA lump in my throat. I swallow in an unsuccessful attempt to push it down. The tension in my body builds as a thin film of salty water hovers along my lower lid. I blink. It stings.As I walk out the door, I am confronted with an overwhelmingly vast sea of task driven students. Class must have ended.I’m not ready to be seen, to put on a brave face and pretend I’m alright. We hadn’t any time to decompress after my appointment. Too much had happened in the past two weeks for me to cram into an hour. The lack of available time along with my therapist’s not so subtle glances towards the ticking clock above my head, made it difficult to engage fully in the conversation. I was left with a knot of thoughts and nowhere to untie them.As my eyes drifted downward I noticed a change in the sidewalk. A brown metal path lies underneath my feet, headed directionally towards a tall spatial divider, framed by even taller trees. Curious, I follow that which leads me.12THE FINAL ACTFIG. 12.1The entrance,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024116 | | 117A large glimmering pool of light. I get closer and its still reflection mirrors the treescape above. It ripples.I look up and see a dew-covered branch. Another drop, another ripple. Cause and effect.THE FINAL ACTFIG. 12.2Point of reflection,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024118 | | 119The path curves. A moss-covered roof hovers above the landscape, slowly revealing itself as I approach. An abrupt stop. I wait. The small crowd of students pass. It clears and I cross.THE FINAL ACTFIG. 12.3Crossing the threshold,Author, 2024.FIG. 12.4Approaching the cleansing space,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024120 | | 121A fork in the road. I veer left into the shelter, pulled in by shadows cast through long, narrow windows.THE FINAL ACTFIG. 12.5Shadowed invitation,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024122 | | 123Inside, a faint breeze passes through guiding me towards a tree stump, a focal point illuminated by a soft glow from below and above. As the clouds momentarily part, a sharp light creates a heavy contrast between the stump and that which surrounds. Slowly the sun shifts and so do the shadows it casts. (Silence). It’s quiet. I sit for a moment to decompress and ponder the passing of time.THE FINAL ACTFIG. 12.6Dancing light,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024124 | | 125Another curve, yet this time there’s no need to stop.A smile exchanged. I am greeted in the distance by a young man, his body cradled by a large hammock-like wall expanding from the framework underfoot. His eyes flutter closed as I watch shadows from the canopy above dance across his face. I approach and the fragrance of lavender washes a sense of calm over my body.THE FINAL ACTFIG. 12.7Crossing point,Author, 2024.FIG. 12.8A smile exchanged,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024126 | | 127I continue to meander, floating along the path ahead. Mint. I bend over and pinch a leaf between my fingers. The smell intensifies. A freshness fills the air around.Low chatter. A couple, seated beneath a curved shelter, laugh quietly amongst themselves. A brief peck on the cheek prior to dispersion. I walk behind as to not disrupt.THE FINAL ACTFIG. 12.9The smell of mint,Author, 2024.FIG. 12.10The couple,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024128 | | 129I am adjacent, briefly, to those transitioning through the site. Our pace differs, one brisk and direct while the other slow and meandering. Divided by a small grassy knoll, we head towards a moment of intersection. We meet.I pause and they pass. Proceeding, I follow the lights underneath the path, casting a glow on the overgrown greenery below.THE FINAL ACTFIG. 12.11Walking in tandem,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024130 | | 131A shift underfoot. Ridges are felt through thinly soled shoes as my weight shifts along with my gait. I look down. Metal grating turned pierced.THE FINAL ACTFIG. 12.12A shift underfoot,Author, 2024.FIG. 12.13Material change,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024132 | | 133The path dips, becoming level with the ground. I step off stiff metal onto mulch, the impact of my heavy feet and bodily tension absorbed. My shoulders relax.My hand grazes overgrown brush, it tickles. I touch it again, this time intentionally, the fuzzy leaves feel warm and soft on my fingertips.THE FINAL ACTFIG. 12.14From rigid to relaxed,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024134 | | 135A curve,a pause. I cross.The crunch of gravel echoes loudly in my ears, silencing all else which surrounds. THE FINAL ACTFIG. 12.15Texture to sound,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024136 | | 137As I stop, so does the echo, replaced by a low hum. A small structure, surrounded by brightly coloured plantings, protrudes from the isolated embankment. I approach and the hum turns to a buzz. Pollen saddled bees fly to and from their lodgings.THE FINAL ACTFIG. 12.16Beehive,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024138 | | 139My hair rustles as a gust of wind passes through. A faint ringing in the distance drowns out all else. The railing I once held, on the path I once occupied, becomes a frame to a row of low hanging chimes. I pass, strumming my hand across. Ringing grows, filling the air with a singular steady note, a meditative chime.THE FINAL ACTFIG. 12.17Railing to chimes,Author, 2024.FIG. 12.18The ringing,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024140 | | 141The air thickens. A light mist hovers. It begins to drizzle. As the path forks, I jump up roughly spaced stones. Three shelters, arranged in a curve, descend in scale. Wooden slats, with narrowed spacing, hold up angled tin roofs.THE FINAL ACTFIG. 12.19A space to listen,Author, 2024.FIG. 12.20The water falls,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024142 | | 143I sit down, cocooned in this space. My gaze is directed towards a pooling of water. The rain quickens as does the sound of droplets bouncing upon impact above. My eyes wander. A small stream of water passed roof to roof. I follow the flow downward as the pool of water grows.The pitter patter becomes faint until I sit in silence. The water grows still. The sun dims as spring showers subside.THE FINAL ACTFIG. 12.21A growing pool,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024144 | | 145A sudden appearance of bright light entices me forward. No need to pause, I cross.THE FINAL ACTFIG. 12.22A bright light,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024146 | | 147A low hanging ring, embedded in the canopy, casts shadows on the path below, emphasizing its metallic sheen. I look at my hand and everything is monochrome. My eyes play tricks. A gust of wind. The shadows shift as the light sways.THE FINAL ACTFIG. 12.23Swaying light,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024148 | | 149Long, multi-directional shadows vary in sharpness, mimicking the silhouette of daylight on tall tree trunks. THE FINAL ACTFIG. 12.24Cast shadows,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024150 | | 151Internally lit stones on soft ground welcome rest.The path continues onward.Pause. Cross. THE FINAL ACTFIG. 12.25The final intersection,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024152 | | 153Reflected light in still water, glowing from within. Reminiscent of the beginning. The same, yet different. What’s below the surface is revealed.THE FINAL ACTFIG. 12.26A new reflection,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024154 | | 155My eyes follow the path into an open space. As I prepare to depart, I look back.THE FINAL ACTFIG. 12.27The end,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024156 | | 157Blue and calm, rhythmic like breathing. A pulsing glow emitting from the moss covered shelter, invites me back in. THE FINAL ACTFIG. 12.28A guiding light,Author, 2024.FIG. 12.29A view from within,Author, 2024.M. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024158 | | 159THE FINAL ACTFIG. 12.30Southwest elevation of site model, Author, 2024.M. 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DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024170 | | 171FIG. 13.8Elevation change,Author, 2024.FIG. 13.9Touching the tree,Author, 2024.FIG. 13.6Central path,Author, 2024.FIG. 13.7Commute path,Author, 2024.APPENDIXM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024172 | | 173FIG. 13.11Flowing foliage,Author, 2024.FIG. 13.12Expanding path,Author, 2024.FIG. 13.10Road frontAuthor, 2024.APPENDIXM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024174 | | 175FIG. 13.15Scattered lights,Author, 2024.FIG. 13.16A quiet space,Author, 2024.FIG. 13.13Site overviewAuthor, 2024.FIG. 13.14Curving pathAuthor, 2024.APPENDIXM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024176 | | 177FIG. 13.18Wood chimes,Author, 2024.FIG. 13.17A seat unveiledAuthor, 2024.APPENDIXM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024178 | | 179FIG. 13.20Growing space,Author, 2024.FIG. 13.21Hidden enclave,Author, 2024.FIG. 13.19Connection points,Author, 2024.APPENDIXM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024180 | | 181FIG. 13.23A landscape of connection (2),Author, 2024.FIG. 13.22A landscape of connection, Author, 2024.APPENDIXM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024182 | | 183FIG. 13.25Foliage as separation,Author, 2024.FIG. 13.24A sensorial entwine, Author, 2024.APPENDIXM. DOCKRILL THE IN-BETWEEN: TRANSITIONAL SPACE AS RECOVERYGP2 2024184 | | 185FIG. 13.27A landscape of lights,Author, 2024.FIG. 13.26A landscape beneath the trees, Author, 2024.APPENDIX
Graduating Project
University of British Columbia
Vancouver (B.C.)
eng
Unreviewed
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Graduate
University of British Columbia. ARCH 549
Post-Secondary Care
Mental Health Recovery
Mental Health
Recovery
Healing
Experience of Space
Psychotherapy
Therapy
PTSD
Trauma
Therapy Clinic
Alternative Healing
Sensorial Experience
Sensory
Grounding
Chromotherapy
Light and Colour for Recovery
Modelmaking
UBC Mental Health
The In-Between : Transitional Space as Recovery
Text