Mixing gaseous hydrogen into natural gas distribution pipelines
department or school: Applied Science, Faculty of
department or school: Engineering, School of (Okanagan)
data provider: DSpace
degree campus: UBCO
creator: Jalil Khabbazi, Arash
issued: 2023-11-02T21:23:13Z
issued: 2023
related degree: Master of Applied Science - MASc
degree grantor: University of British Columbia
description: Hydrogen, as an alternative source of energy, has the potential to minimize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Through different sources and industrial processes, it is feasible to produce hydrogen. Therefore, blending certain percentages of hydrogen into the existing natural gas pipeline infrastructure can greatly decrease the carbon intensity of current gas grids while also promoting a more sustainable energy system. Nevertheless, the significant density contrast of almost eight to nine times between hydrogen and natural gas introduces a challenge as buoyant hydrogen tends to stratify and become trapped near the top wall once injected via a Tee junction. In this study, the hydrogen blending into the natural gas distribution pipelines using Tee junctions is numerically investigated, and the mixing homogeneity (uniformity) length is quantified through the coefficient of variation (CoV) of the hydrogen mole fraction. The effect of secondary (side) flow jet intensity on turbulent mixing in a distribution-pressure (DP) system is first looked into by altering the secondary pipe diameter while maintaining the same flow rate. Consequently, the differences between vertical top-side, horizontal, and vertical bottom-side injection configurations in an intermediate-pressure (IP) case are studied. The ideal and real gas equations of state (EoS) scenarios are next investigated in the IP case. Overall, a greater secondary flow jet intensity results in a shorter mixing homogeneity length, as investigated in the DP case. The mixing homogeneity length is shortened even further if the secondary flow penetrates deep into the primary (main) flow of natural gas without getting trapped near the top wall from the outset. Vertical bottom-side injection also results in a mixing homogeneity length that is roughly four times shorter than horizontal injection and five times shorter than vertical top-side injection in the IP case. When industry standards are followed, injecting from the bottom de…
aggregated CHO: https://circle.library.ubc.ca/rest/handle/2429/86442
note: Mixing Gaseous Hydrogen intoNatural Gas DistributionPipelinesbyArash Jalil KhabbaziA THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OFTHE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OFMASTER OF APPLIED SCIENCEinTHE COLLEGE OF GRADUATE STUDIES(Mechanical Engineering)THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA(Okanagan)November 2023© Arash Jalil Khabbazi, 2023The following individuals certify that they have read, and recommend tothe College of Graduate Studies for acceptance, a thesis entitled:Mixing Gaseous Hydrogen into Natural Gas DistributionPipelinessubmitted by Arash Jalil Khabbazi in partial fulfilment of the require-ments of the degree of Master of Applied ScienceRi Li, School of EngineeringSupervisorJoshua Brinkerhoff, School of EngineeringSupervisory Committee MemberSina Kheirkhah, School of EngineeringSupervisory Committee MemberKenneth Chau, School of EngineeringUniversity ExamineriiAbstractHydrogen, as an alternative source of energy, has the potential to min-imize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Through different sources and in-dustrial processes, it is feasible to produce hydrogen. Therefore, blendingcertain percentages of hydrogen into the existing natural gas pipeline infras-tructure can greatly decrease the carbon intensity of current gas grids whilealso promoting a more sustainable energy system. Nevertheless, the signif-icant density contrast of almost eight to nine times between hydrogen andnatural gas introduces a challenge as buoyant hydrogen tends to stratify andbecome trapped near the top wall once injected via a Tee junction.In this study, the hydrogen blending into the natural gas distributionpipelines using Tee junctions is numerically investigated, and the mixinghomogeneity (uniformity) length is quantified through the coefficient of vari-ation (CoV) of the hydrogen mole fraction. The effect of secondary (side)flow jet intensity on turbulent mixing in a distribution-pressure (DP) sys-tem is first looked into by altering the secondary pipe diameter while main-taining the …
has type: Thesis/Dissertation
date issued: 2023-11
is shown at: 10.14288/1.0437514
language: eng
degree discipline: Mechanical Engineering
provider: Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
publisher: University of British Columbia
rights: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
rights URI: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
scholar level: Graduate
contributor: Li, Ri
type: Text
identifier URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2429/86442