Using phylogenetic data to investigate how interspecific interactions affect diversification dynamics
department or school: Science, Faculty of
department or school: Zoology, Department of
data provider: DSpace
degree campus: UBCV
creator: Kaur, Katrina Minasha
issued: 2023-09-30T07:00:00Z
issued: 2022
related degree: Doctor of Philosophy - PhD
degree grantor: University of British Columbia
description: The causes of the diversity differences that are apparent across taxonomic groups in the tree of life remain a key question in biology. This question has been investigated from the perspective of antagonistic, competitive, and mutualistic interactions. The evidence of macroevolutionary implications of mutualistic interspecific interactions, in which two species benefit from each other, has been based on differing methodologies, and some methods have been later shown to be prone to error. In my thesis I investigated how mutualistic interactions can affect the processes of speciation and extinction and consequently diversification (the difference between speciation and extinction). In Chapter 2, I used a variety of phylogenetic trees from different taxonomic groups with known mutualisms and several phylogenetic comparative approaches to assess if and how mutualism influenced diversification. I found that mutualism tends to have no effect or a positive effect on diversification, with only a few cases showing a negative effect; the pattern may be context dependent or influenced by the type of mutualism and how dependent partners are on each other. Chapter 3 also considered a mutualistic interaction, but in this case, I specifically focused on the interaction between a host and its microbial partners to assess if host-microbe mutualisms, where symbionts live within a host, also influence diversification. Using sister group comparisons, I found that engaging with a host partner decreased diversification on a large-scale bacterial phylogeny suggesting that mutualism hinders diversification or that host-microbe interactions behave differently than other mutualisms. In Chapter 4, I use ancestry-based approaches and apply them outside of species interactions, to the interaction between an antibody and antigen to ask if trees can be used to delimit antibody clonal families based on their diversification histories from one ancestral clone. I suggest that ancestry-based approach…
aggregated CHO: https://circle.library.ubc.ca/rest/handle/2429/82133
note: Using phylogenetic data to investigate how interspecific interactions affect diversification dynamics by Katrina Minasha Kaur B.Sc., The University of British Columbia, 2016 M.Sc., The University of Toronto, 2018 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (Zoology) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) July 2022 © Katrina Minasha Kaur, 2022 ii The following individuals certify that they have read, and recommend to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies for acceptance, the dissertation entitled: Using phylogenetic data to investigate how interspecific interactions affect diversification dynamics submitted by Katrina Minasha Kaur in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Zoology Examining Committee: Matthew Pennell, Associate Professor, Zoology, UBC Supervisor Laura Parfrey, Associate Professor, Botany, UBC Supervisory Committee Member Sean Graham, Professor, Botany, UBC University Examiner Patrick Keeling, Professor, Botany, UBC University Examiner Additional Supervisory Committee Members: Sally Otto, Professor, Zoology, UBC Supervisory Committee Member Mary O’Connor, Professor, Zoology, UBC Supervisory Committee Member iii Abstract The causes of the diversity differences that are apparent across taxonomic groups in the tree of life remain a key question in biology. This question has been investigated from the perspective of antagonistic, competitive, and mutualistic interactions. The evidence of macroevolutionary implications of mutualistic interspecific interactions, in which two species benefit from each other, has been based on differing methodologies, and some methods have been later shown to be prone to error. In my thesis I investigated how mutualistic interactions can affect the processes of speciation and extinction and consequently diversification (the difference between speciation and ext…
has type: Thesis/Dissertation
date issued: 2022-11
is shown at: 10.14288/1.0416249
language: eng
degree discipline: Zoology
provider: Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
publisher: University of British Columbia
rights: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
rights URI: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
scholar level: Graduate
contributor: Pennell, Matthew
type: Text
type: Dataset
identifier URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2429/82133