The mechanism for fatty acids trafficking from plastids to the endoplasmic reticulum
department or school: Science, Faculty of
department or school: Botany, Department of
data provider: DSpace
degree campus: UBCV
creator: Liu, Mingzhe
issued: 2022-01-31T08:00:00Z
issued: 2021
related degree: Master of Science - MSc
degree grantor: University of British Columbia
description: Fatty acids (FAs) are building blocks for different glycerolipids, including phospholipids and galactolipids that serve as major structural components of cell membranes, as well as triacylglycerols (TAGs), which are the main form of energy and carbon storage in plants. They are also precursors of the plant surface lipids: cutin, cuticular waxes, and suberin, which play roles during the plant’s resistance to drought, pathogens, or insects. In-plant cells, de novo fatty acid synthesis happens exclusively within plastids with the growing fatty acyl chain attached to the acyl carrier protein (ACP). Once completed, the majority of these fatty acids are removed from ACP by thioesterases and re-attached to coenzyme A (CoA) under the activities of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (LACS) to make membrane lipids, storage or surface lipids in the ER, the major site for lipid assembly. Since the production of fatty acids and the production of complex lipids happen in different organelles, a transport system between plastids and other subcellular compartments is required in order to deliver FAs from the plastid to the ER. In Arabidopsis, neither the lacs9 single knock-out mutants which removed all plastidial LACS activities, nor the lacs4 single mutants which removed the activity of an ER LACS showed any visible phenotype while the lacs4lacs9 double mutants are dwarf, and with decreased seed oil and stem wax content. These not only suggest the functional overlap between the plastidial-LACS9 and ER-LACS4 but also suggest proposed access for the ER-LACS to the fatty acids from the plastid envelopes. In my research, I have proved such access directly by re-targeting the plastidial-LACS9 to the ER and complemented the dwarf, seed oil, and stem wax content phenotypes of the lacs4lacs9 double mutants. Besides, I also showed that the outer-envelope LACS9 and inner-envelope FAX1 could form a complex, which play roles during fatty acid export from the plastid, while the ER-LACS4 is not ass…
aggregated CHO: https://circle.library.ubc.ca/rest/handle/2429/77212
note: THE MECHANISM FOR FATTY ACIDS TRAFFICKING FROM PLASTIDS TO THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM by Mingzhe Liu B. Sc., Northwest A&F University, 2014 M. Sc., Northwest A&F University, 2016 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (BOTANY) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) January 2021 © Mingzhe Liu, 2021 ii The following individuals certify that they have read, and recommend to the Faculty of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies for acceptance, the thesis entitled: The mechanism for fatty acids trafficking from plastids to the endoplasmic reticulum Submitted by Mingzhe Liu in in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Botany Examining Committee: Dr. George W. Haughn, Professor, Botany, UBC Co-supervisor Dr. Ljerka. Kunst, Professor, Botany, UBC Co-supervisor Dr. Yuelin Zhang, Associate Professor, Botany, UBC Supervisory Committee Member Dr. Abel Rosado, Associate Professor, Botany, UBC Supervisory Committee Member Dr. Lacey Samuels, Professor, Botany, UBC Additional Examiner iii Abstract Fatty acids (FAs) are building blocks for different glycerolipids, including phospholipids and galactolipids that serve as major structural components of cell membranes, as well as triacylglycerols (TAGs), which are the main form of energy and carbon storage in plants . They are also precursors of the plant surface lipids: cutin, cuticular waxes, and suberin, which play roles during plant’s resistance to drought, pathogens, or insects. In plant cells, de novo fatty acid synthesis happens exclusively within plastids with the growing fatty acyl chain attached to the acyl carrier protein (ACP). Once completed, majority of these fatty acids are removed from ACP by thioesterases and re-attached to coenzyme A (CoA) under the activities of long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase (LACS) to make membrane lipids, storage or surface lipids in the ER, the maj…
has type: Thesis/Dissertation
date issued: 2021-05
is shown at: 10.14288/1.0395782
language: eng
degree discipline: Botany
provider: Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
publisher: University of British Columbia
rights: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
rights URI: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
scholar level: Graduate
type: Text
identifier URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2429/77212