Relevance and effectiveness of best management practices to mitigate cryptosporidium contamination of drinking water from community watersheds in British Columbia by grazing cattle
department or school: Applied Science, Faculty of
department or school: Engineering, School of (Okanagan)
data provider: DSpace
degree campus: UBCO
creator: Duhaime, Keith Joseph Ovide
issued: 2019-05-06T18:52:49Z
issued: 2019
related degree: Doctor of Philosophy - PhD
degree grantor: University of British Columbia
description: The literature has shown that grazing cattle can potentially contaminate surface drinking water with Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum), a public health concern. In 2010, an audit by the British Columbia’s (BC) Forest Practices Board sampled cattle faeces in Oyama Creek watershed that tested positive for Cryptosporidium. In response, stakeholders piloted six best management practices (BMPs) to mitigate the perceived risk to human health, including access scheduling, exclusion fencing, controlled access to water, off-stream watering, key area management, and silvopasture. A review of the literature revealed that these practices should avert human health risks. To verify BMP effectiveness, water, cattle faeces, and sediment samples were collected from May to October during 2013, 2014, and 2015, and analyzed for Cryptosporidium presence and Escherichia coli. Cryptosporidium positive samples were sequenced to determine species. The maximum concentration of Cryptosporidium oocysts detected was 17.1 oocyst/l in an ephemeral tributary to Vernon Creek and 12.9 oocyst/l at the Oyama Creek intake, both well below what Canadian drinking water treatment systems are designed to remove. Successfully sequenced samples were identified as C. andersoni, which is not generally problematic to human health. This indicates that normal BC ranching practices mitigate the hazard even without BMPs. E.coli presence did not correlate with Cryptosporidium presence. Of the BMPs tested, access scheduling, keeping young calves away from vulnerable streams seems very effective. Exclusion fences and key area management are also effective. Controlled access watering as implemented proved problematic. No conclusions about off-stream watering or silvopasture could be made on the basis of the samples collected. BC Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) provided data for 56 cryptosporidiosis incidences from 2005 to 2014 in the nine Local Health Reporting Areas (LHAs) of the Okanagan Health Services Delivery …
aggregated CHO: https://circle.library.ubc.ca/rest/handle/2429/70084
note: Relevance and Effectiveness of Best Management Practices to Mitigate Cryptosporidium Contamination of Drinking Water from Community Watersheds in British Columbia by Grazing Cattle by Keith Joseph Ovide Duhaime B.Sc.(Agricultural Engineering) McGill University, Canada. 1987 M.Agr.(Agribusiness) University of Guelph, Canada. 1994 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In THE COLLEGE OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Civil Engineering) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Okanagan) April 2019 © Keith Joseph Ovide Duhaime, 2019 ii The following individuals certify that they have read, and recommend to the College of Graduate Studies for acceptance, the dissertation entitled: Relevance and Effectiveness of Best Management Practices to Mitigate Cryptosporidium Contamination of Drinking Water from Community Watersheds in British Columbia by Grazing Cattle submitted by Keith Joseph Ovide Duhaime in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Examining Committee: Dr. Deborah Roberts, School of Engineering Co-supervisor Dr. John Janmaat, Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences Co-supervisor Dr. Rehan Sadiq, School of Engineering Supervisory Committee Member Dr. Kevin Hanna, Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences University Examiner Dr. Edward Robert Atwill, University of California at Davis External Examiner Additional Supervisory Committee Members: Dr. Lael Parrott, Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences Supervisory Committee Member iii Abstract The literature has shown that grazing cattle can potentially contaminate surface drinking water with Cryptosporidium parvum (C. parvum), a public health concern. In 2010, an audit by the British Columbia’s (BC) Forest Practices Board sampled cattle faeces in Oyama Creek watershed that tested positive for Cryptosporidium. In response, stakeholders piloted six best management practices (BMPs) to mitigate the perceived risk to human heal…
has type: Thesis/Dissertation
date issued: 2019-05
is shown at: 10.14288/1.0378612
language: eng
degree discipline: Civil Engineering
provider: Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
publisher: University of British Columbia
rights: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
rights URI: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
scholar level: Graduate
type: Text
identifier URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2429/70084