The effects of short-term low-carbohydrate and ketogenic interventions on cardiometabolic health
department or school: Health and Social Development, Faculty of (Okanagan)
department or school: Health and Exercise Sciences, School of (Okanagan)
data provider: DSpace
degree campus: UBCO
creator: Myette-Côté, Étienne
issued: 2019-04-26T18:52:15Z
issued: 2019
related degree: Doctor of Philosophy - PhD
degree grantor: University of British Columbia
description: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is currently one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide and is characterized by impaired insulin secretion and action, elevated blood glucose and chronic inflammation. Lifestyle interventions including exercise and nutritional manipulations are considered first-line non-pharmacological treatments for this metabolic disease. While most health care providers agree that diet is of extreme importance for the prevention and management of T2D, the type of diet that should be consumed is highly debated. One dietary intervention, the low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) diet, has been shown to be particularly effective at improving diabetes symptoms by reducing glucose excursions and lowering hyperinsulinemia. The first study of this thesis was to determine if changes in insulin levels in saliva were reflective of those observed in plasma following high and low-carbohydrate meals in 20 individuals (10 normal weight; BMI 20.0–24.9 kg/m2 and 10 with overweight/obesity; BMI > 28.0 kg/m2). The findings of this study indicate that saliva could potentially be used to delineate between low and high insulin levels following mixed meals, providing a potential avenue for personalizing dietary choices based on non-invasive saliva insulin measurement. In a second study, the effect of three 4-day diet interventions: i) Low-fat low-glycemic index (GL); ii) LCHF, and iii) LCHF with 15-min post-meal walks (LC+Ex) on the inflammatory and glycemic profiles of 11 individuals with T2D were compared. The main findings were that: a) LCHF and LCHF+EX improved glycemic control and proinsulin levels to a greater extent than GL and b) all diets improved some markers of inflammation. For the third and fourth study, we investigated the isolated effect of a new exogenous ketone monoester (KM) drink taken before a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test in 20 healthy young individuals (BMI < 25 kg/m2) and 15 adults with overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2). The main findings are that …
aggregated CHO: https://circle.library.ubc.ca/rest/handle/2429/69964
note: The Effects of Short-Term Low-Carbohydrate and Ketogenic Interventions on Cardiometabolic Health. by Étienne Myette-Côté B.Sc., University of Sherbrooke, 2011 M.Sc., University of Sherbrooke, 2013 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE COLLEGE OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Kinesiology) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Okanagan) April 2019 © Étienne Myette-Côté, 2019 ii The following individuals certify that they have read, and recommend to the College of Graduate Studies for acceptance, a thesis/dissertation entitled: The Effects of Short-Term Low-carbohydrate and Ketogenic Interventions on Cardiometabolic Health. submitted by Étienne Myette-Côté in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy . Dr. Jonathan P. Little, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, School of Health and Exercise Sciences. Supervisor Dr. Jeff S. Volek, The Ohio State University, Department of Human Sciences. Supervisory Committee Member Dr. Charlotte Jones, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, Southern Medical Program. Supervisory Committee Member Dr. Mina Hoorfor, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, School of Engineering. University Examiner Dr. Paul Laursen, Auckland University of Technology, Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand. External Examiner iii Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is currently one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide and is characterized by impaired insulin secretion and action, elevated blood glucose and chronic inflammation. Lifestyle interventions including exercise and nutritional manipulations are considered first-line non-pharmacological treatments for this metabolic disease. While most health care providers agree that diet is of extreme importance for the prevention and management of T2D, the type of diet that should be consumed is highly debated. One dietary intervention, the low-carbohydrate high-fat (LCHF) diet, has been sho…
has type: Thesis/Dissertation
date issued: 2019-05
is shown at: 10.14288/1.0378478
language: eng
degree discipline: Kinesiology
provider: Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
publisher: University of British Columbia
rights: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
rights URI: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
scholar level: Graduate
type: Text
identifier URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2429/69964