Physical activity as a modulator of intestinal health and its implications in inflammatory bowel diseases
department or school: Arts and Sciences, Irving K. Barber School of (Okanagan)
department or school: Biology, Department of (Okanagan)
data provider: DSpace
degree campus: UBCO
creator: Estaki, Mehrbod
issued: 2019-01-16T17:30:52Z
issued: 2019
related degree: Doctor of Philosophy - PhD
degree grantor: University of British Columbia
description: The interactions between humans, the environment, and intestinal microbiota form a tripartite relationship that is fundamental to the overall health of the host. Disruptions in this delicate balance between the microbiota and host immunity are implicated in various chronic diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD encompassing ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are idiopathic, relapsing chronic inflammatory disorders of the intestinal tract with annual health care burdens of over $1.8 billion in Canada. There is no known cure for IBD, as so, novel therapeutic in its prevention and management are of great interest. Recently, physical activity (PA) has been proposed as a potential therapy in combating IBD. Here we show that higher aerobic fitness in humans is associated with increased bacterial diversity in the gut and higher abundances of butyrate, a type of short-chain fatty acid produced by resident bacteria with known anti-inflammatory properties. We confirm these findings in animal models showing that voluntary wheel running (VWR) in mice increases butyrate production. Additionally, VWR mice show increased microbial diversity, decreased expression of pro-inflammatory (TNF-α, TGF-β, and IFN-γ) and increased expression of anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines suggestive of the potential to be primed against the damaging effects of chronic inflammation. These enhancements however were absent in a life-long model of mucin2 deficient (MUC2-/-) murine colitis and VWR offered no protection in these mice against disease symptoms. Taken together, these suggest that the benefits of PA against IBD are preventative in nature and cannot reverse existing disease states like those found in IBD. We further showed that certain PA-derived changes in the intestines such as microbial community changes, upregulation of IL-10, and attenuation of IFN-γ are dependent on the amount of PA while reduction of anti-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and TGF-β can occur even under …
aggregated CHO: https://circle.library.ubc.ca/rest/handle/2429/68254
note: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AS A MODULATOR OF INTESTINAL HEALTH AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES by Mehrbod Estaki M.Sc., The University of Western Ontario, 2012 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in THE COLLEGE OF GRADUATE STUDIES (Biology) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Okanagan) January 2019 © Mehrbod Estaki, 2019 ii The following individuals certify that they have read, and recommend to the College of Graduate Studies for acceptance, a thesis/dissertation entitled: PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AS A MODULATOR OF INTESTINAL HEALTH AN AND ITS IMPLICATIONS IN INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES submitted by Mehrbod Estaki in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Dr. Deanna L. Gibson, Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences Supervisor Dr. Jason Pither, Irving K. Barber School of Arts and Sciences Supervisory Committee Member Dr. Jonathan Little, School of Health and Exercise Sciences Supervisory Committee Member Dr. Sepideh Pakpour, School of Engineering University Examiner Dr. Morgan Langille, Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University External Examiner Additional Committee Members include: Dr. Kevan Jacobson, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia Vancouver Supervisory Committee Member iii Abstract The interactions between humans, the environment, and intestinal microbiota form a tripartite relationship fundamental to the overall health of the host. Disruptions in this delicate balance between the microbiota and host immunity are implicated in various chronic diseases including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD encompassing ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are idiopathic, relapsing chronic inflammatory disorders of the intestinal tract with annual health care burdens of over $1.8 billion in Canada. There is no known cure for IBD, as so, novel therapeutic in its prevention and management are of great interest. Recently, physical acti…
has type: Thesis/Dissertation
date issued: 2019-02
is shown at: 10.14288/1.0376071
language: eng
degree discipline: Biology
provider: Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
publisher: University of British Columbia
rights: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
rights URI: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
scholar level: Graduate
type: Text
identifier URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2429/68254