Synthesis, structure, and properties of phosphorus-containing flame retardants
department or school: Science, Faculty of
data provider: DSpace
degree campus: UBCV
creator: Priegert, Andrew Mark
issued: 2019-02-28T08:00:00Z
issued: 2017
related degree: Doctor of Philosophy - PhD
degree grantor: University of British Columbia
description: Phosphorus-containing flame retardants were synthesized and a variety of strategies for rendering them non-leachable were investigated. Chapter 1 gives a history of flame retardants, with a focus on the issues associated with their usage. An introduction to the mechanisms of flame retardancy and the effect of flame retardants on the thermal degradation of polymeric materials is also given. An overview of the different methods of incorporating phosphorus-containing flame retardants into polymeric materials is included. Chapter 2 described the synthesis of a poly(methylene phosphine) and its oxide by the addition polymerization of MesP=CPh₂. These polymers are moderately effective non-leachable flame retardants when tested by thermogravimetric analysis, Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) Standard Method T461 cm-00, and Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI). The C-H activated microstructure of two poly(methylene phosphine)s, synthesized by the anionic polymerization of ArP=CPh₂ (Ar = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, Mes; 2,6-dimethylphenyl, Xyl), is investigated in Chapter 3 using model chemistry and NMR spectroscopic analysis. A mechanism for the anionic polymerization of phosphaalkenes in which a C-H activation occurs is proposed based on kinetic studies, isotopic labelling, and theoretical calculations. The synthesis of the molecular cyclophosphazene-based flame retardant hexakis(2-aminoethyl)aminophosphazene is reported in Chapter 4. This phosphazene is an effective yet leachable flame retardant for paper when tested by thermogravimetric analysis, TAPPI Standard Method T461 cm-00, and LOI. An attempt to covalently link hexakis(2-aminoethyl)aminophosphazene to carboxylates in pulp via carbodiimide coupling is described in Chapter 5. While unsuccessful, carbodiimide coupling can be employed in the synthesis of several simpler phosphazene-amide derivatives. In Chapter 6, a non-leachable flame retardant treatment for paper using hexakis(2- aminoethyl)aminophosphazene…
aggregated CHO: https://circle.library.ubc.ca/rest/handle/2429/60397
note: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Phosphorus-Containing Flame Retardants by Andrew Mark Priegert B.Sc. (Hons.), The University of Western Ontario, 2010 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Doctor of Philosophy in THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE AND POSTDOCTORAL STUDIES (Chemistry) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) January 2017 © Andrew Mark Priegert, 2017 ii Abstract Phosphorus-containing flame retardants were synthesized and a variety of strategies for rendering them non-leachable were investigated. Chapter 1 gives a history of flame retardants, with a focus on the issues associated with their usage. An introduction to the mechanisms of flame retardancy and the effect of flame retardants on the thermal degradation of polymeric materials is also given. An overview of the different methods of incorporating phosphorus-containing flame retardants into polymeric materials is included. Chapter 2 described the synthesis of a poly(methylene phosphine) and its oxide by the addition polymerization of MesP=CPh2. These polymers are moderately effective non-leachable flame retardants when tested by thermogravimetric analysis, Technical Association of Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI) Standard Method T461 cm-00, and Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI). The C-H activated microstructure of two poly(methylene phosphine)s, synthesized by the anionic polymerization of ArP=CPh2 (Ar = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, Mes; 2,6-dimethylphenyl, Xyl), is investigated in Chapter 3 using model chemistry and NMR spectroscopic analysis. A mechanism for the anionic polymerization of phosphaalkenes in which a C-H activation occurs is proposed based on kinetic studies, isotopic labelling, and theoretical calculations. The synthesis of the molecular cyclophosphazene-based flame retardant hexakis(2-aminoethyl)aminophosphazene is reported in Chapter 4. This phosphazene is an effective yet leachable flame retardant for paper when tested by thermogravimetric analysis,…
has type: Thesis/Dissertation
date issued: 2017-05
is shown at: 10.14288/1.0340871
language: eng
degree discipline: Chemistry
provider: Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
publisher: University of British Columbia
rights: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
rights URI: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
scholar level: Graduate
type: Text
identifier URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2429/60397