Evaluation of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis and A. altilis X A. mariannensis) as a dietary protein source
department or school: Arts and Sciences, Irving K. Barber School of (Okanagan)
department or school: Chemistry, Department of (Okanagan)
data provider: DSpace
degree campus: UBCO
creator: Liu, Ying
issued: 2016-04-28T21:20:08Z
issued: 2016
related degree: Doctor of Philosophy - PhD
degree grantor: University of British Columbia
description: Protein malnutrition is a leading cause of child mortality and chronic development disorders in the tropics. This study evaluated the protein quality of breadfruit using three standards measures: (1) yield of fruit and production of protein, (2) the protein content and amino acid profile, and (3) the protein digestibility/amino acid availability. I analyzed field data collected from 2006 to 2012 from 24 breadfruit cultivars in National Tropical Botanical Garden in Kauai, Hawaii. Based on a plant density of 100 trees/ha, breadfruit can yield 10-14 tons of fruit/ha. The commercial cultivar Ma’afala can produce up to 0.52 t/ha of protein. This is higher than wheat, rice, cassava, and potato. To determine the quality of breadfruit protein, I conducted an amino acid analysis of 49 breadfruit cultivars using high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and determined that the full spectrum of the essential amino acids were present in all cultivars. Breadfruit is especially rich in phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, and valine. Ma’afala contained a higher total essential amino acid content than many other staples including wheat, corn, rice, soybean, and yellow pea. To determine breadfruit protein digestibility, I developed a human digestion model, and found that Ma’afala protein was 10-25% more digestible than wheat protein. Ma’afala and wheat protein were compared using a human intestinal epithelial cell model. The results showed that Ma’afala induced similar impact on cell morphology and cytokine production in the model. To determine the overall effect on health, I compared breadfruit and wheat diet in a standard rodent model. The results show that the breadfruit diet did not induce any adverse effects on the overall health or growth of the mice. Breadfruit-fed mice gained more weight overall than wheat-fed mice but the crumbly nature of the diet made accurate food intake measures impossible. Chemical and histological analysis did not reveal any s…
aggregated CHO: https://circle.library.ubc.ca/rest/handle/2429/57953
note: Evaluation of Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis and A. altilis X A. mariannensis) as a Dietary Protein Source by Ying Liu B.Sc. (Hons.), Dalhousie University, 2012 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The College of Graduate Studies (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Okanagan Campus) April 2016 © Ying Liu, 2016 The undersigned certify that they have read, and recommend to the College of Graduate Studies for acceptance, a thesis entitled: Evaluation of Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis and A. altilis x A. mariannensis) as a Dietary Protein Source Submitted by Ying Liu in partial fulfillment of the requirements of The degree of Doctor of Philosophy . Dr. Susan Murch, Chemistry Supervisor, Professor (please print name and faculty/school above the line) Dr. Deanna Gibson, Biology Supervisory Committee Member, Professor (please print name and faculty/school in the line above) Dr. Paula Brown, Biology Supervisory Committee Member, Professor (please print name and faculty/school in the line above) Dr. Ian Walker, Biology University Examiner, Professor (please print name and faculty/school in the line above) Dr. Nyree Zerega, Northwestern University External Examiner, Professor (please print name and university in the line above) April 20, 2016 (Date submitted to Grad Studies) Additional Committee Members include: Dr. Fred Menard, Chemistry Please print name and faculty/school in the line above Dr. Miranda Hart, Biology Please print name and faculty/school in the line above iii Abstract Protein malnutrition is a leading cause of child mortality and chronic development disorders in the tropics. This study evaluated the protein quality of breadfruit using three standards measures: (1) yield of fruit and production of protein, (2) the protein content and amino acid profile, and (3) the protein digestibility/amino acid availability. I analyzed field data collected from 2006 to 201…
has type: Thesis/Dissertation
date issued: 2016-05
is shown at: 10.14288/1.0300337
language: eng
degree discipline: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
provider: Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
publisher: University of British Columbia
rights: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
rights URI: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
scholar level: Graduate
type: Text
identifier URI: http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57953