Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
DSpace
UBCV
University of British Columbia. Campus and Community Planning
Zhang, Zeyu Rocky
This LCA of the HEBB building is part of a series of studies being carried out simultaneously on respective buildings at UBC in an attempt to conduct environmental performance comparisons for future reference. The HEBB building is modeled using On-Screen Takeoff and Impact Estimator. Impact categories are listed for the building and its corresponding elements. Interpretations and recommendations are given for the use of LCA. Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report.”
UBC Social Ecological Economic Development Studies (SEEDS) Student ReportZEYU ROCKY ZHANGLife Cycle Assessment 2013 OF THE HEBB BUILDINGCIVL 498CNovember 18, 201310651541University of British Columbia Disclaimer: “UBC SEEDS provides students with the opportunity to share the findings of their studies, as well as their opinions, conclusions and recommendations with the UBC community. The reader should bear in mind that this is a student project/report and is not an official document of UBC. Furthermore readers should bear in mind that these reports may not reflect the current status of activities at UBC. We urge you to contact the research persons mentioned in a report or the SEEDS Coordinator about the current status of the subject matter of a project/report”. 1 | P a g e PROVISIO This study has been completed by undergraduate students as part of their coursework at the University of British Columbia (UBC) and is also a contribution to a larger effort – the UBC LCA Project – which aims to support the development of the field of life cycle assessment (LCA). The information and findings contained in this report have not been through a full critical review and should be considered preliminary. If further information is required, please contact the course instructor Rob Sianchuk at rob.sianchuk@gmail.com Life Cycle Assessment 2 0 1 3 OF THE HEBB BUILDING ZEYU ROCKY ZHAN G CIVL 498C | University of British Columbia Executive Summary This LCA of the HEBB building is part of a series of studies being carried out simultaneously on respective buildings at UBC in an attempt to conduct environmental performance comparisons for future reference. The HEBB building is modeled using On - Screen Takeoff and Impact Estimator. Impact categories are listed for the building and its corresponding elements. Interpretations and recommendations are given for the use of LCA. Life Cycle Assessment of UBC HEBB Building 1.0 General Information on the Assessment Purpose of the assessment The life cycle analysis of the UBC HEBB building is a study intended to present the building design͛s environmental impacts. By establishing materials inventory and the corresponding environmental impacts, potential future performance upgrade assessments can be made easier. Environmental performance comparisons with other UBC buildings also becomes a possibility which means sustainable development guidelines for future construction projects can be created at UBC. This study is mainly intended for those who are involved in building development and policy making at UBC such as the Sustainability Office. Others such as engineers, architects, and external parties are also potential audiences. Identification of building The HEBB building, constructed in 1964, is located at 2045 East Mall, University of Britis h Columbia. It was named after the first Head of the Physics Department, Dr.Thomas Carlyle Hebb. The architect on the project was Thompson, Berwick & Pratt, and the cost of the construction was $1,398,503. The lecture theatre and the 5 - floor tower was mainly used by the Departments of Physics and Engineering Physics. It is a reinforced concrete structure with brick facings and painted concrete. Other Assessment Information Client for Assessment Completed as coursework in Civil Engineering technical elective course at the University of British Columbia. Name and qualification of the assessor Zeyu Rocky Zhang, Civil Engineering Undergraduate Impact Assessment method OnScreen TakeOff 3.9.06 Impact Estimator 4.2.0208 TRACI 2.1 Point of Assessment 49 years. Period of Validity 5 years. Date of Assessment Completed in December 2013. Verifier Student work, study not verified. 2.0 General Information on the Object of Assessment Functional Equivalent Functional unit is a performance characteristic of the product system. It is used as a reference unit to normalize the results of the study. Aspect of Object of Assessment Description Building Type Institutional Technical and functional requirements BC Pattern of use Monday to Friday (0800 - 173 0), Sat/Sun/Holidays closed General Purpose Room x3 Capacity = 54 students each Tiered Large Group x1 Capacity = 375 Required service life 100 years Reference Study Period The service life of HEBB is 100 years according to UBC. This study exclude modules B, C and D because it is a cradle- to- gate assessment. For comparison purposes, the use stage, end of life stage, and items beyond the system boundary are not considered. Object of Assessment Scope The foundation assembly of HEBB is composed of concrete slab- on- grade and concrete footings. The wall assemblies for both the tower and theatre consist of concrete cast- in- place interior and exterior walls . A modified version of CIQS Level 3 Elements is used due to the purpose of the study. The use stage and the end of life stage are not considered. CIVL 498C Level 3 Elements Description Quantity (Amount) Units A11 Foundations Total area of the footing 369.496 8 m2 A21 Lowest Floor Construction Total area of the slab- on-grade 1898.38 6 m2 A22 Upper Floor Construction Stairs area 3878.53 1 m2 A23 Roof Construction Roof Concrete Slab area 1410.63 2 m2 A31 Walls Below Grade Cast- In - Place Exterior surface area 1049.67 4 m2 A32 Walls Above Grade Cast- In - Place Exterior and Interior surface area 3722.65 7 m2 B11 Partitions Interior Partition Walls surface area 1296.13 2 m2 3.0 Statement of Boundaries and Scenarios Used in the Assessment System Boundary Life cycle modules included in the study are the product stage and the construction process stage. Module B, C, and D are excluded due to the nature of the analysis. The product stage includes raw material supply as source, transportation, then manufacturing to finish. The construction process stage starts with transportation, then installation to finish. Product Stage During the manufacturing phase, energy consumption should be significant since the transforming of raw materials and transporting of the raw materials both require energy. The transporting of energy itself also requires energy. Resource use is needed for resource extraction, which is important for the manufacturing stage. Process involving packing, collection and relocation of waste are all part of the energy use within the product stage. Construction Stage Energy use in transportation is dominant during the construction stage, especially for a concrete structure. For storage handling, temperature control has to be provided. Energy and resource are also needed for the handling of waste and the installation of the product. 4.0 Environmental Data Data Sources The Athena LCI Database is created and managed by the Athena Institute. From the beginning, the Athena Institute has been conducting life cycle research. Their goal was to develop an ever -growing set of comprehensive, comparable life cycle inventory database for building materials and products. The database not only contain information on building materials and products, it also includes energy use, transportation, construction and demolition processes such as on- site construction, maintenance, and demolition and disposal. The data is regionally sensitive, taking into consideration relevant technology differences in different region. The US LCI Database is created by the National Renewable Energy Laborator y of the US Energy Department. Its goal is to help life cycle assessment practitioners answer questions about environmental impacts. The database provides individual gate- to- gate, cradle- to- gate and cradle-to- grave accounting of the energy and material flows into and out of the environment that are associated with producing material, component, or assembly in the US. Data Adjustments and Substitutions The partition walls were not correctly listed. They have been fixed for this report. Data Quality Data uncertainty may be due to the collection/allocation methods used in creating data, the uncertainty in the substance lifetime, travel potential, or just inaccurate data. Model uncertainty may be due to the non- linear nature of the data, or the uncertain characterization factors. Temporal variability may be due to the effect of climate, the variability over time on impact interpretation, data validity as time changes, or the actual emissions over the years. Spatial variability may be due to the regional differences in environmental sensitivity, the distribution of emissions, or the regional differences between factories. Variability between sources may be due to the differences in human exposure patterns, technology differences, or the difference between factories. The quality of the LCI database used in this study is quite high, as they are directly from the Athena Sustainable Materials Institute. 5.0 List of Indicators Used for Assessment and Expression of Results The two main software tools used in this LCA st udy are the Athena Sustainable Materials /nstitute͛s /mpact Estimator and KnCenter͛s KnScreen daŬeKff.The study conducts materials Ƌuantity taŬeoff by performing linear area measurements of the building͛s structure and envelope. Then, with IE based on TRA CI, a complete environmental impact profile can be made containing impact categories: Global warming potential Cause Effect Chain: Air emission - > infrared radiation - > climate change affecting temperature, precipitation, and sea level Category indicator = kg CO2e Endpoint: Water resource effects, human health, agricultural effects, coastal damage Acidification potential Cause Effect Chain: Emission atmospheric concentration - > Deposition - > Leaching Category indicator = kg SO2eq Endpoint: Ecosystem changes, plant and animal mortality Eutrophication potential Cause Effect Chain: Water emission - > Algae and Aquatic weed growth - > Oxygen shortage Category indicator = kg Neq Endpoint: Death of fish, toxicity to humans Ozone depletion potential Cause Effect Chain: Air emission - > Reduction of Ozone Layer - > Increased UVB reaching Earth Category indicator = kg CFC - 11eq Endpoint: Agricultural Effects, Human health, Material Damage Photochemical smog potential Cause Effect Chain: Air emission - > troposphe ric ozone concentrations - > human inhalation - > plant growth reduction Category indicator = kg O3eq Endpoint: human mortality, plant mortality Human health respiratory effects potential Cause Effect Chain: Air emission - > PM deposition in alveoli - > Body r eacts to PM Category indicator = kg PM2.5eq Endpoint: Human Health, Human Mortality Weighted raw resource use Cause Effect Chain: Resource harvesting Category indicator = kg Endpoint: Resource depletion 6.0 Model Development OnScreen TakeOff was used on i mported digital plans to conduct materials quantity takeoff. The measurements generated OnScreen TakeOff are formatted in such a way that the Impact Estimator building LCA software can complete the takeoff process. Using the formatted takeoff data, the CIQ S level 3 elements are modeled. The impact estimator is designed mainly to aid the building community in making more environmentally conscious material and design choices. The tool achieves this by applying a set of algorithms to the inputted takeoff data in order to complete the takeoff process and generate a bill of materials The Athena Life Cycle Inventory Database is then used to generate a cradle- to- grave LCI profile based on the bill of materials showing the impacts. Since this study is a cradle- to- gate assessment, the expected service life of the HEBB building is set to 1 year, which means the maintenance, operating energy and end - of- life stages of the building͛s life cycle are not considered. Bill of Material of the building: A11 Quantity Unit Concrete 30 MPa (flyash av) 176.8860 m3 Rebar, Rod, Light Sections 2.8405 Tonnes A21 Quantity Unit Concrete 30 MPa (flyash av) 199.3307 m3 Welded Wire Mesh / Ladder Wire 1.7156 Tonnes A22 Quantity Unit Concrete 30 MPa (flyash av) 1493.6093 m3 Rebar, Rod, Light Sections 213.2708 Tonnes A23 Quantity Unit #15 Organic Felt 4649.8579 m2 6 mil Polyethylene 1496.1885 m2 Ballast (aggregate stone) 56033.3556 kg Concrete 30 MPa (flyash av) 216.2448 m3 Extruded Polystyrene 8892.4878 m2 (25mm) Galvanized Sheet 1.6806 Tonnes Nails 0.4025 Tonnes Polyethylene Filter Fabric 0.0534 Tonnes Rebar, Rod, Light Sections 13.7436 Tonnes Roofing Asphalt 15173.2496 kg Type III Glass Felt 3563.8643 m2 A31 Quantity Unit 1/2" Regular Gypsum Board 730.3472 m2 6 mil Polyethylene 704.3203 m2 Cold Rolled Sheet 0.1341 Tonnes Concrete 30 MPa (flyash av) 255.3989 m3 Extruded Polystyrene 691.0262 m2 (25mm) Joint Compound 0.7289 Tonnes Mortar 19.3272 m3 Nails 0.0694 Tonnes Ontario (Standard) Brick 697.1496 m2 Paper Tape 0.0084 Tonnes Rebar, Rod, Light Sections 8.9183 Tonnes Small Dimension Softwood Lumber, kiln-dried 0.8554 m3 Solvent Based Alkyd Paint 69.0776 L Water Based Latex Paint 7.7059 L A32 Quantity Unit 1/2" Regular Gypsum Board 4033.2786 m2 6 mil Polyethylene 3889.5472 m2 Aluminum 6.5099 Tonnes Cold Rolled Sheet 0.7407 Tonnes Concrete 30 MPa (flyash av) 962.0415 m3 Double Glazed No Coating Air 526.6749 m2 EPDM membrane (black, 60 mil) 445.2739 kg Expanded Polystyrene 6.5100 m2 (25mm) Extruded Polystyrene 3816.1318 m2 (25mm) Galvanized Sheet 0.1238 Tonnes Joint Compound 4.0253 Tonnes Mortar 106.7329 m3 Nails 0.6408 Tonnes Ontario (Standard) Brick 3849.9478 m2 Paper Tape 0.0462 Tonnes Rebar, Rod, Light Sections 33.2603 Tonnes Solvent Based Alkyd Paint 382.0644 L B11 Quantity Unit Aluminum 1.1136 Tonnes Concrete 30 MPa (flyash av) 302.0405 m3 Double Glazed No Coating Air 99.3015 m2 EPDM membrane (black, 60 mil) 76.1678 kg Nails 0.2379 Tonnes Rebar, Rod, Light Sections 10.6861 Tonnes Small Dimension Softwood Lumber, kiln-dried 6.9206 m3 Water Based Latex Paint 62.3477 L Partition walls were not corrected listed in the input document. They have been fixed. Reference flow is the measure of the outputs from processes in a given product system required to fulfill the function expressed by the func tional unit. 7.0 Communication of Assessment Results Life Cycle Results It is evident that during the manufacturing phase of the HEBB building, energy and resource consumption is very significant. This makes sense, since concrete requires a substantial amount of energy and raw material (gravel, sand, cement, aggregate) to be processed and manufactured. As for the construction phase, transportation takes lead in energy consumption. The production of cement is responsible for the discharge of carbon dioxide emissions. For one ton of cement manufactured, approximately one ton of carbon dioxide is emitted. Thus concrete is the main contributor to global warming potential. The by- product from concrete production is also one of the main cause for acidification, HH Respiratory effects, eutrophication, ozone depletion, and smog. Annex A – Interpretation of Assessment Results (18) Benchmark Development Benchmarking in LCA is a way of analysis in conjunction with other similar studies. With benchmarking, further applications of LCA are made possible such as environmental performance comparisons across the buildings in a region over time and between different materials, structural types and building functions. It may also form a powerful tool to help inform policy makers in establishing quantified sustainable development guid elines for future constructions such as a set amount of reduction in certain aspects per year. UBC Academic Building Benchmark (12) - describe and show your building results compared against the class benchmark in figure. - discuss these comparisons 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 % of Benchmark Effect per m^2 of Material Compared Total Benchmark A11 A21 A22 A23 A31 A32 B11 The overall environmental performance is not too far off from the benchmark. But there exists a large discrepancy for partition walls as they were not listed correctly. Other than that, footings seem to be the largest contributor to the impact categories. From the chart, we could see that some of the really old buildings have both low costs and low global warming potentials. But for the majority, there exists a pattern of lower GWP for higher costs. This is likely due to the higher expense for selecting specific materials that have low contribution to GWP. Annex B – Recommendations for LCA Use (20) Though only the product and construction stages are considered in this study, the other life cycle modules are as equally important as the initial two due to their nature and the possible issues that may arise as time passes by. A building is not a product for one time consumption. It requires maintenance throughout its life time, and there are disposal fees associated at the end. Because of the long service life of most buildings, the impacts it may have on the environment can accumulate greatly through use. Furthermore, there may actually be benefits beyond the system Chemistry North Henry Angus Wesbrook Geography Chem South Chem ESB Allard Hall FSC Math CEME CHBE Music Lasserre Pharmacy Kaiser AERL HEBB 0.00 200.00 400.00 600.00 800.00 1,000.00 1,200.00 1,400.00 1,600.00 $0.00 $50,000,000.00 $100,000,000.00 $150,000,000.00 $200,000,000.00 GWP (kg CO2eq) Cost ($ 2013) Cost vs GWP boundary. Reuse, recycling, and recovery of material are all elements that may not be very apparent straight up. With the help of LCA, the environmental performance of the building can be improved. The wall insulation, roof insulation, and window type could be changed to reduce energy consumption. For eǆample, replacing the ϭ͛͛ eǆtruded polystyrene with Ϯ.ϱ͛͛ of foam polyisocyanurate insulation, replacing the standard glaǌed windows with low E silver argon filled glaǌing, and adding ϳ͛͛ of extruded polystyrene to the roof insulation could produce a total energy savings of approximately 160,000Gj over the building͛s service life. However, the building performance model is still only an approximate. Without high quality data and available benchmarŬs, the model͛s use is limited. Wlus, factors such as economics and logistics concerns must be considered. Investing in the more expensive foam polyisocyanurate and low E silver argon filled windows may not always be feasible due to project budget constraints. Another issue is the prioritizing of impact categories. The associated parties may not always have the same concerns. Reducing energy consumption may not be the goal of the owner or client. LCA is a lens through which the building elements and the environmental impacts are linked together . The life cycle assessment of HEBB is done by doing the takeoffs and modeling the building using the Impact Estimator. It is up to the stake holders to decide which impact category they want to focus on. For UBC, LCA can be utilized to help develop guidelines for on campus constructions. By looking at and comparing the cost vs gwp relations for example, standards can be set incrementally by the policy makers for all future projects. Annex C – Author Reflection (8) As a student, I was briefly introduced to LCA in the 2 nd year course, Introduction to Civil Engineering. H ere in CIVL 498C, I gained further insight into the nature of the LCA and its applications. I took a look at its history, and understood its current state in North America. I went through the LCA section in the ISO standards, and completed a study followin g it. I familiarized myself with the CIQS elements format, the various tools including IE + OnScreen TakeOff, and used them in a LCA study for the UBC HEBB Building. /t interests me how important >C can be in improving a design͛s environmental performance. By measuring the environmental performance of products over their life cycle, LCA can show us exactly we need to do to achieve what we what. /t͛s a tool that everyone should care about. Annex D – Impact Estimator Inputs and Assumptions (20) HEBB TOWER Inputs Element Quantity Units Assembly Type Assembly Name Input Fields Known/Measured Information IE Inputs A11 Foundations 222.3217 m^2 Footing 1.2.1 Footing_F1a_Basement Length (ft) 4.25 4.25 Width (ft) 2 8.42 Thickness (in) 80 19 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.2 Footing_F1b_Basement Length (ft) 0.92 0.92 Width (ft) 0.83 0.83 Thickness (in) 12 12 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.3 Footing_F2a_Basement Length (ft) 5.17 5.17 Width (ft) 2.5 10.53 Thickness (in) 80 19 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.4 Footing_F2b_Basement Length (ft) 3.92 3.92 Width (ft) 1.125 1.125 Thickness (in) 12 12 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.5 Footing_FA_Basement Length (ft) 152.5 152.5 Width (ft) 3.5 3.5 Thickness (in) 15 15 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.6 Footing_FB_Basement Length (ft) 280.29 280.29 Width (ft) 2 2 Thickness (in) 12 12 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.7 Footing_FC_Basement Length (ft) 148.5 148.5 Width (ft) 4 4 Thickness (in) 15 15 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.8 Footing_FD_Basement Length (ft) 34 34 Width (ft) 2 2 Thickness (in) 12 12 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash - average % Rebar #5 #5 1.2.9 Footing_FE_Basement Length (ft) 56.83 56.83 Width (ft) 2.5 2.5 Thickness (in) 12 12 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.10 Footing_FF_Basement Length (ft) 22.42 22.42 Width (ft) 2 2 Thickness (in) 12 12 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.11 Footing_FG_Basement Length (ft) 48.06 48.06 Width (ft) 1.8 7.58 Thickness (in) 80 19 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.12 Footing_FH_Basement Length (ft) 25.08 25.08 Width (ft) 1.5 6.32 Thickness (in) 80 19 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.13 Footing_FJ_Basement Length (ft) 30.5 30.5 Width (ft) 2.75 2.75 Thickness (in) 12 12 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.14 Footing_FK_Basement Length (ft) 24.33 24.33 Width (ft) 3 3 Thickness (in) 12 12 Concrete - 4000 (psi) Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.15 Footing_FL_Basement Length (ft) 38.83 38.83 Width (ft) 1.5 1.5 Thickness (in) 12 12 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.16 Footing_FM_Basement Length (ft) 29.67 29.67 Width (ft) 2 2 Thickness (in) 12 12 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.17 Footing_FN_Basement Length (ft) 16.42 16.42 Width (ft) 1.5 1.5 Thickness (in) 12 12 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 A21 Lowest Floor Construction 1241.926 m^2 SOG 1.1.1 SOG_5''_Tower Length (ft) 115.62 115.62 Width (ft) 115.62 115.62 Thickness (in) 5 4 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average A22 Upper Floor Construction 2783.885 m^2 Stairs 1.2.18 Stairs_South/North_Platform Length (ft) 141.74 141.74 Width (ft) 5.33 4.26 Thickness (in) 6 7.5 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.19 Stairs_South/North_Steps Length (ft) 182.83 182.83 Width (ft) 5.33 5.33 Thickness (in) 8 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Column Beam 3.1.1 Column_Beam_Concrete Basement Number of Columns 25 25 Number of Beams 5 5 Bay Sizes (ft) 41.5 40 Supported Span (ft) 12.5 12.5 Floor to Floor Height (ft) 12 12 Live Load (psf) 60, 100 75 3.1.2 Column_Beam_Concrete_GrndFlr Number of Columns 28 28 Number of Beams 12 12 Bay Sizes (ft) 41.5 40 Supported Span (ft) 12.5 12.5 Floor to Floor Height (ft) 12 12 Live Load (psf) 60, 100 75 3.1.3 Column_Beam_Concrete_SecondFlr Number of Columns 28 28 Number of Beams 12 12 Bay Sizes (ft) 41.5 40 Supported Span (ft) 12.5 12.5 Floor to Floor Height (ft) 12 12 Live Load (psf) 60, 100 75 3.1.4 Column_Beam_Concrete_typFlr Number of Columns 28 84 Number of Beams 12 36 Bay Sizes (ft) 41.5 40 Supported Span (ft) 12.5 12.5 Floor to Floor Height (ft) 12 12 Live Load (psf) 60, 100 75 Suspended Floor 4.1.1 Floor_ConcreteSuspendedSlab_GrndFlr Floor Width (ft) 797.08 797.08 Span (ft) 12.5 12.5 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Life Load (psf) 60, 100 75 4.1.2 Floor_ConcreteSuspendedSlab_SecondFlr Floor Width (ft) 681.41 681.41 Span (ft) 12.5 12.5 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Life Load (psf) 60, 100 75 4.1.3 Floor_ConcreteSuspendedSlab_TypeFlr Floor Width (ft) 595.39 1786.16 Span (ft) 12.5 12.5 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Life Load (psf) 60, 100 75 4.1.4 Floor_ConcreteSuspendedSlab_Penthouse Floor Width (ft) 192.67 192.67 Span (ft) 12 12 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Life Load (psf) 60, 100 75 A23 Roof Constru781.5233 m^2 ction Envelope 5.1.1 Roof_ConcreteSuspendedSlab_Tower Roof Width (ft) 672.98 672.98 Span (ft) 12.5 12.5 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Life Load (psf) 27 45 Insulation Category - 4-Ply Built-up Asphalt Roof System - Inverted Material Rigid Insulation Extruded Polystyrene, Glass Felt Thickness (in) 1 6 Vapour Barrier Category Vapour Barrier Vapour Barrier Material - Polyethylene 5 mil Thickness (in) - - A31 Walls Below Grade 1049.674 m^2 Walls 2.1.1 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W1_Ext_BrickClad_Basement_10'' Length (ft) 453.73 567.16 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 10 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Category Plaster Gypsum Board Material Plaster Gypsum Regular Thickness (in) - 0.5 Category Insulation Insulation Material Styrofoam Polystyrene Extruded Thickness (in) 1 1 Category Vapour Barrier Vapour Barrier Material - Polyethylene 6 mil Thickness (in) - - Category Cladding Cladding Material Norman Glazed Brick Brick - Ontario (standard) Thickness (in) 4.75 - Category Paint Paint Material - Alkyd Solvent Based Thickness (in) - - 2.1.2 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W1_Ext_BrickClad_Basement_11.75'' Length (ft) 29 28.4 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 11.75 12 Concrete - 4000 (psi) Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Category Plaster Gypsum Board Material Plaster Gypsum Regular Thickness (in) - 0.5 Category Insulation Insulation Material Styrofoam Polystyrene Extruded Thickness (in) 1 1 Category Vapour Barrier Vapour Barrier Material - Polyethylene 6 mil Thickness (in) - - Category Cladding Cladding Material Norman Glazed Brick Brick - Ontario (standard) Thickness (in) 4.75 - Categ Paint Paint ory Material - Alkyd Solvent Based Thickness (in) - - 2.1.3 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W1_Int_Basement_10'' Length (ft) 157.75 197.19 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 10 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Number of Doors 4 4 Door Type Solid Wood Door Solid Wood Door 2.1.4 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W1_Int_Basement_8'' Length (ft) 301.07 301.07 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 8 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Number of Doors 7 7 Door Type Solid Wood Door Solid Wood Door A32 Walls Above Grade 2111.86 m^2 Walls 2.1.5 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W2_Ext_BrickClad_GrndFlr_10'' Length (ft) 336.67 420.84 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 10 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Number of Windows 9 9 Total Window Area (ft2) 501.99 501.99 Frame Type Fixed, Aluminum Frame Fixed, Aluminum Frame Glazing Type - Standard Glazing Category Plaster Gypsum Board Material Plaster Gypsum Regular Thickness (in) - 0.5 Category Insulation Insulation Material Styrofoam Polystyrene Extruded Thickness (in) 1 1 Category Vapour Barrier Vapour Barrier Material - Polyethylene 6 mil Thickness (in) - - Category Cladding Cladding Material Norman Glazed Brick Brick - Ontario (standard) Thickness (in) 4.75 - Categ Paint Paint ory Material - Alkyd Solvent Based Thickness (in) - - 2.1.6 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W2_Ext_BrickClad_GrndFlr_11.75'' Length (ft) 38.13 37.34 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 11.75 12 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Category Plaster Gypsum Board Material Plaster Gypsum Regular Thickness (in) - 0.5 Category Insulation Insulation Material Styrofoam Polystyrene Extruded Thickness (in) 1 1 Category Vapour Barrier Vapour Barrier Material - Polyethylen 6 mil Thickness (in) - - Category Cladding Cladding Material Norman Glazed Brick Brick - Ontario (standard) Thickness (in) 4.75 - Category Paint Paint Material - Alkyd Solvent Based Thickness (in) - - 2.1.7 Wall_Cast-In-Place-W2_Ext_GrndFlr_8'' Length (ft) 156.97 156.97 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 8 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Number of Windows 7 7 Total Window Area (ft2) 440.72 440.72 Frame Type Fixed, Aluminum Frame Fixed, Aluminum Frame Glazing Type - Standard Glazing Category Plaster Gypsum Board Material Plaster Gypsum Regular Thickness (in) - 0.5 Category Insulation Insulation Material Styrofoam Polystyrene Extruded Thickness (in) 1 1 Category Vapour Barrier Vapour Barrier Material - Polyethylene 6 mil Thickness (in) - - 2.1.8 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W2_Ext_Grndflr_AdditionalWall Length (ft) 175.81 175.81 Height (ft) 4 4 Thickness (in) 12 12 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash - average % Rebar #5 #5 2.1.13 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W3_Ext_BrickClad_TypeFlr_10'' Length (ft) 281.83 1056.87 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 10 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Number of Windows 13 39 Total Window Area (ft2) 570.2 1710.6 Frame Type Fixed, Aluminum Frame Fixed, Aluminum Frame Glazing Type - Standard Glazing Category Plaster Gypsum Board Material Plaster Gypsum Regular Thickness (in) - 0.5 Category Insulation Insulation Material Styrofoam Polystyrene Extruded Thickness (in) 1 1 Category Vapour Barrier Vapour Barrier Material - Polyethylene 6 mil Thickness (in) - - Category Cladding Cladding Material Norman Glazed Brick Brick - Ontario (standard) Thickness (in) 4.75 - Category Paint Paint Material - Alkyd Solvent Based Thickness (in) - - 2.1.14 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W3_Ext_BrickClad_TypFlr_7.5'' Length (ft) 32.92 92.58 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 7.5 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Category Plaster Gypsum Board Material Plaster Gypsum Regular Thickness (in) - 0.5 Category Insulation Insulation Material Styrofoam Polystyrene Extruded Thickness (in) 1 1 Category Vapour Barrier Vapour Barrier Material - Polyethylene 6 mil Thickness (in) - - Category Cladding Cladding Material Norman Glazed Brick Brick - Ontario (standard) Thickness (in) 4.75 - Category Paint Paint Material - Alkyd Solvent Based Thickness (in) - - 2.1.15 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W3_Ext_Brickclad_TypFlr_8'' Length (ft) 93.48 280.44 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 8 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Number of Windows 6 18 Total Window Area (ft2) 341 1023 Frame Type Fixed, Aluminum Frame Fixed, Aluminum Frame Glazing Type - Standard Glazing Category Plaster Gypsum Board Material Plaster Gypsum Regular Thickness (in) - 0.5 Category Insulation Insulation Material Styrofoam Polystyrene Extruded Thickness (in) 1 1 Category Vapour Barrier Vapour Barrier Material - Polyethylene 6 mil Thickness (in) - - Category Cladding Cladding Material Norman Glazed Brick Brick - Ontario (standard) Thickness (in) 4.75 - Category Paint Paint Material - Alkyd Solvent Based Thickness (in) - - 2.1.19 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W4_Ext_BrickClad_SecondFlr_10'' Length (ft) 280.08 350.1 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 10 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Number of Windows 13 13 Total Window Area (ft2) 570.2 570.2 Frame Type Fixed, Aluminum Frame Fixed, Aluminum Frame Glazing Type - Standard Glazing Category Plaster Gypsum Board Material Plaster Gypsum Regular Thickness (in) - 0.5 Category Insulation Insulation Material Styrofoam Polystyrene Extruded Thickness (in) 1 1 Category Vapour Barrier Vapour Barrier Material - Polyethylene 6 mil Thickness (in) - - Category Cladding Cladding Material Norman Glazed Brick Brick - Ontario (standard) Thickness (in) 4.75 - Category Paint Paint Material - Alkyd Solvent Based Thickness (in) - - 2.1.20 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W4_Ext_BrickClad_SecondFlr_7.5 Length (ft) 194.53 182.37 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 7.5 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Number of Windows 6 6 Total Window Area (ft2) 373.08 373.08 Frame Type Fixed, Aluminum Frame Fixed, Aluminum Frame Glazing Type - Standard Glazing Category Plaster Gypsum Board Material Plaster Gypsum Regular Thickness (in) - 0.5 Category Insulation Insulation Material Styrofoam Polystyrene Extruded Thickness (in) 1 1 Category Vapour Barrier Vapour Barrier Material - Polyethylene 6 mil Thickness (in) - - Category Cladding Cladding Material Norman Glazed Brick Brick - Ontario (standard) Thickness (in) 4.75 - Category Paint Paint Material - Alkyd Solvent Based Thickness (in) - - 2.1.21 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W4_Ext_BrickClad_SecondFlr_8'' Length (ft) 93.5 93.5 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness 8 8 (in) Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Number of Windows 6 6 Total Window Area (ft2) 341 341 Frame Type Fixed, Aluminum Frame Fixed, Aluminum Frame Glazing Type - Standard Glazing Category Plaster Gypsum Board Material Plaster Gypsum Regular Thickness (in) - 0.5 Category Insulation Insulation Material Styrofoam Polystyrene Extruded Thickness (in) 1 1 Category Vapour Barrier Vapour Barrier Material - Polyethylene 6 mil Thickness (in) - - Category Cladding Cladding Material Norman Glazed Brick Brick - Ontario (standard) Thickness (in) 4.75 - Category Paint Paint Material - Alkyd Solvent Based Thickness (in) - - 2.1.24 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W5_Ext_BrickClad_Penthouse_7.5'' Length (ft) 33.17 31.1 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 7.5 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Category Plaster Gypsum Board Material Plaster Gypsum Regular Thickness (in) - 0.5 Category Insulation Insulation Material Styrofoam Polystyrene Extruded Thickness (in) 1 1 Category Vapour Barrier Vapour Barrier Material - Polyethylene 6 mil Thickness (in) - - Category Cladding Cladding Material Norman Glazed Brick Brick - Ontario (standard) Thickness (in) 4.75 - Category Paint Paint Material - Alkyd Solvent Based Thickness (in) - - 2.1.25 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W5_Ext_BrickClad_Penthouse_8'' Length (ft) 294.44 294.44 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 8 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Number of Windows 18 18 Total Window Area (ft2) 1003.14 1003.14 Frame Type Fixed, Aluminum Frame Fixed, Aluminum Frame Glazing Type - Standard Glazing Category Plaster Gypsum Board Material Plaster Gypsum Regular Thickness (in) - 0.5 Category Insulation Insulation Material Styrofoam Polystyrene Extruded Thickness (in) 1 1 Category Vapour Barrier Vapour Barrier Material - Polyethylene 6 mil Thickness (in) - - Category Cladding Cladding Material Norman Glazed Brick Brick - Ontario (standard) Thickness (in) 4.75 - Category Paint Paint Material - Alkyd Solvent Based Thickness (in) - - B11 Partitions 990.1639 m^2 Walls 2.1.9 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W2_Int_Grndflr_10'' Length (ft) 91.67 114.59 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 10 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Number of Doors 4 4 Door Type Solid Wood Door Solid Wood Door 2.1.10 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W2_Int_GrndFlr_6'' Length (ft) 73.22 54.92 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 6 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 2.1.11 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W2_Int_GrndFlr_7.5'' Length (ft) 28.08 26.33 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 7.5 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 2.1.12 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W2_Int_GrndFlr_8'' Length (ft) 260.48 260.48 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 8 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Number of Doors 7 7 Door Type Solid Wood Door Solid Wood Door 2.1.16 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W3_Int_TypFlr_10'' Length (ft) 101.47 380.52 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 10 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Number of Doors 14 42 Door Type Solid Wood Door Solid Wood Door 2.1.17 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W3_Int_TypFlr_5.75'' Length (ft) 54.26 117 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 5.75 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Number of Windows 6 18 Total Window Area (ft2) 373.08 1119.24 Frame Type Fixed, Aluminum Frame Fixed, Aluminum Frame Glazing Type - Standard Glazing 2.1.18 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W3_Int_TypFlr_8'' Length (ft) 89.83 269.49 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 8 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Number of Doors 7 21 Door Type Solid Wood Door Solid Wood Door 2.1.22 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W4_Int_SecondFlr_10'' Length (ft) 101.08 126.35 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 10 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Number of Doors 8 8 Door Type Solid Wood Door Solid Wood Door 2.1.23 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W4_Int_SecondFlr_8'' Length (ft) 88.08 88.08 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 8 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Number of Doors 7 7 Door Type Solid Wood Door Solid Wood Door HEBB Theatre Inputs Element Quantity Units Assembly Type Assembly Name Input Fields Known/Measured Information IE Inputs A11 Foundations 147.1752 m^2 Footing 1.2.1 Footing_L01&02_Lobby Length (ft) 47.83 47.83 Width (ft) 2 2.58 Thickness (in) 24.5 19 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.2 Footing_L03a&05a_Lobby Length (ft) 58 58 Width (ft) 5 5 Thickness (in) 18 18 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.3 Footing_L03b_Lobby Length (ft) 21.17 21.17 Width (ft) 2 2 Thickness (in) 18 18 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.4 Footing_L04_Lobby Length (ft) 77.75 77.75 Width (ft) 2 6.32 Thickness (in) 60 19 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.5 Footing_L05b&14_Lobby Length (ft) 52.75 52.75 Width (ft) 2 2 Thickness (in) 12 12 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.6 Footing_L06a_Lobby Length (ft) 20 20 Width (ft) 3 3 Thickness (in) 12 12 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.7 Footing_L06b_Lobby Length (ft) 18.25 18.25 Width (ft) 5 5 Thickness (in) 18 18 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.8 Footing_L08_Lobby_1'x1'6'' Length (ft) 247.48 247.48 Width (ft) 1.5 1.5 Thickness (in) 12 12 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash - average % Rebar #5 #5 1.2.9 Footing_L12_Lobby Length (ft) 32.08 32.08 Width (ft) 7.833333 6.26 Thickness (in) 6 7.5 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.10 Footing_LA_Lobby Length (ft) 10.92 10.92 Width (ft) 5.5 5.5 Thickness (in) 18 18 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.11 Footing_LB_Lobby Length (ft) 7.92 7.92 Width (ft) 4 4 Thickness (in) 18 18 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.12 Footing_LC_Lobby Length (ft) 6.67 6.67 Width (ft) 3.25 3.25 Thickness (in) 18 18 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 1.2.13 Footing_LD_Lobby Length (ft) 4 4 Width (ft) 2 2 Thickness (in) 12 12 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 A21 Lowest Floor Construction 656.4604 m^2 SOG 1.1.1 SOG_5''_Lobby Length (ft) 84.06 84.06 Width (ft) 84.06 84.06 Thickness (in) 5 4 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average A22 Upper Floor Construction 1094.646 m^2 Stairs 1.2.14 Stairs_Theatre Length (ft) 65.42 65.42 Width (ft) 65.5 82.74 Thickness (in) 24 19 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Column Beam 3.1.1 Column_Beam_Concrete_Lobby Number of Columns 10 10 Number of Beams 10 10 Bay sizes (ft) 20.83333 20.83 Supported span (ft) 14.25 14.25 Floor to floor height (ft) 10.5 10.5 Live load (psf) 60, 100 75 3.1.2 Column_Beam_Concrete_Theatre Number of Columns 12 12 Number of Beams 32 32 Bay sizes (ft) 21 21 Supported span (ft) 9.5 9.5 Floor to floor height (ft) 26 26 Live load (psf) 60, 100 75 Suspended Floor 4.1.1 Floor_ConcreteSuspendedSlab_Theatre Floor Width (ft) 789.2284 789.2284 Span (ft) 9.5 9.5 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Life load (psf) 60, 100 75 A23 Roof Construction 629.1085 m^2 Suspended Slab 5.1.1 Roof_ConcreteSuspendedSlab_Theatre Roof Width (ft) 497.7644 497.7644 Span (ft) 13.60417 13.60417 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Life load (psf) 27 45 Category - 4-Ply Built-up Asphalt Roof System - Inverted Material Rigid Insulation Extruded Polystyrene, Glass Felt Thickness (in) 1 6 Category Vapour Barrier Vapour Barrier Material - Polyethylene 6 mil Thickness - - A31 Walls Below Grade A32 Walls Above Grade 1610.797 m^2 Walls 2.1.1 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L01_Lobby_8'' Length (ft) 34.54 34.54 Height (ft) 17.3125 17.3125 Thickness (in) 8 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 2.1.2 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L02_Lobby_8'' Length (ft) 14.17 14.17 Height (ft) 14.63542 14.63542 Thickness (in) 8 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 2.1.3 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L03a_Lobby_8'' Length (ft) 39.58 39.58 Height (ft) 25.5 25.5 Thickness (in) 8 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 2.1.4 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L03b_Lobby_8'' Length (ft) 5.92 5.92 Height (ft) 25.5 25.5 Thickness (in) 8 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 2.1.5 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L04_Lobby_8'' Length (ft) 81.4 81.4 Height (ft) 16.47917 16.5 Thickness (in) 8 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 2.1.6 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L05_Lobby_1'8'' Length (ft) 4.75 7.92 Height (ft) 10.25 10.3 Thickness (in) 20 12 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 2.1.7 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L06_Lobby_1'8'' Length (ft) 6.58 11 Height (ft) 10.25 10.3 Thickness (in) 20 12 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 2.1.8 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L07_Lobby_8'' Length (ft) 42.72 42.72 Height (ft) 18.25 18.3 Thickness (in) 8 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 2.1.9 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L08_Lobby_6'' Length (ft) 24.81 18.61 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 6 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 2.1.10 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L09-10_Lobby_8'' Length (ft) 113.12 113.12 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 8 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 2.1.11 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L11_Lobby_10'' Length (ft) 42.32 52.9 Height (ft) 12 12 Thickness (in) 10 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 2.1.12 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L12a_Lobby_8'' Length (ft) 38 38 Height (ft) 3 3 Thickness (in) 8 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 2.1.13 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L12b_Lobby_8'' Length (ft) 31.92 31.92 Height (ft) 4.5 4.5 Thickness (in) 8 8 Concrete - 4000 (psi) Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 2.1.14 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L13_Lobby_10'' Length (ft) 27.5 34.38 Height (ft) 10.3 10.3 Thickness (in) 10 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 2.1.15 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L14_Lobby_11.75'' Length (ft) 89.57 87.7 Height (ft) 10.3 10.3 Thickness (in) 11.75 12 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 2.1.16 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W6_Ext_BrickClad_Theatre_8'' Length (ft) 365.74 365.74 Height (ft) 26 26 Thickness (in) 8 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 Number of Doors 2 2 Door Type Steel Exterior Door Steel Exterior Door Category Plaster Gypsum Board Material Plaster Gypsum Regular Thickness (in) - 0.5 Category Insulation Insulation Material Styrofoam Polystyrene Extruded Thickness (in) 1 1 Category Vapour Barrier Vapour Barrier Material - Polyethylene 6 mil Thickness (in) - - Category Cladding Cladding Material Norman Glazed Brick Brick - Ontario (standard) Thickness (in) 4.75 - Category Paint Paint Material - Alkyd Solvent Based Thickness (in) - - B11 Partitions 305.9686 m^2 Walls 2.1.17 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W6_Int_Theatre_6'' Length (ft) 51.75 38.81 Height (ft) 26 26 Thickness (in) 6 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 2.1.18 Wall_Cast_In_Place_W6_Int_Theatre_8'' Length (ft) 74.92 74.92 Height (ft) 26 26 Thickness (in) 8 8 Concrete (psi) - 4000 Concrete flyash % - average Rebar #5 #5 HEBB TOWER Assumptions Element Assembly Type Assembly Name Assumptions A11 Foundations Footing 1.2.1 Footing_F1a_Basement The width of this slab was adjusted to accommodate the Impact Estimator limitation of footing thicknesses to be under 19.7”. The measured length was maintained, thicknesses were set at 19” and the widths were increased using the following calculations; = [(Cited Width) x (Cited Thickness)] / (19”/12) = [(2’) x (80”/12)] / (19”/12) = 8.42 feet The height from the bottom of the footing to the top of the footing, at an elevation of 365'3", is taken to be 6'8", as determined from measuring the structural drawings. 1.2.2 Footing_F1b_Basement The depth of this deep mass concrete footing was taken to be 1'0". 1.2.3 Footing_F2a_Basement The width of this slab was adjusted to accommodate the Impact Estimator limitation of footing thicknesses to be under 19.7”. The measured length was maintained, thicknesses were set at 19” and the widths were increased using the following calculations; = [(Cited Width) x (Cited Thickness)] / (19”/12) = [(2.5’) x (80”/12)] / (19”/12) = 10.53 feet The height from the bottom of the footing to the top of the footing, at an elevation of 365'3", is taken to be 6'8", as determined from measuring the structural drawings. 1.2.4 Footing_F2b_Basement 1.2.5 Footing_FA_Basement 1.2.6 Footing_FB_Basement 1.2.7 Footing_FC_Basement 1.2.8 Footing_FD_Basement 1.2.9 Footing_FE_Basement 1.2.10 Footing_FF_Basement 1.2.11 Footing_FG_Basement Dimensions of the L-shaped footing determined from having a cross-sectional footing area of 12sf, setting thickness to 6'8", and from this calculating width to be 1.8' (from structural drawing). The width of this slab was adjusted to accommodate the Impact Estimator limitation of footing thicknesses to be under 19.7”. The measured length was maintained, thicknesses were set at 19” and the widths were increased using the following calculations; = [(Cited Width) x (Cited Thickness)] / (19”/12) = [(1.8’) x (80”/12)] / (19”/12) = 7.58 feet 1.2.12 Footing_FH_Basement Dimensions of the L-shaped footing determined from having a cross-sectional footing area of 10sf, setting thickness to 6'8", and from this calculating width to be 1.5' (from structural drawing). The width of this slab was adjusted to accommodate the Impact Estimator limitation of footing thicknesses to be under 19.7”. The measured length was maintained, thicknesses were set at 19” and the widths were increased using the following calculations; = [(Cited Width) x (Cited Thickness)] / (19”/12) = [(1.5’) x (80”/12)] / (19”/12) = 6.32 feet 1.2.13 Footing_FJ_Basement 1.2.14 Footing_FK_Basement 1.2.15 Footing_FL_Basement 1.2.16 Footing_FM_Basement 1.2.17 Footing_FN_Basement A21 Lowest Floor Construction The Impact Estimator, SOG inputs are limited to being either a 4” or 8” thickness. Since the actual SOG thicknesses for the HEBB building were not exactly 4” or 8” thick, the areas measured in OnScreen required calculations to adjust the areas to accommodate this limitation. The Impact Estimator limits the thickness of footings to be between 7.5” and 19.7” thick. As there are a number of cases where footing thicknesses are not within these limitations, their widths were adjusted accordingly to maintain the same volume of footing. Concrete strength was set to 4000psi and an average % of concrete flyash was assumed. Lastly, the North and South concrete staircases were modelled as footings. SOG 1.1.1 SOG_5''_Tower The area of this slab had to be adjusted so that the thickness fit into the 4" thickness specified in the Impact Estimator. The following calculation was done in order to determine appropriate Length and Width (in feet) inputs for this slab; = sqrt[((Measured Slab Area) x (Actual Slab Thickness))/(4”/12) ] = sqrt[ (10,695.07 x (5”/12))/(4”/12) ] = 115.62 feet A22 Upper Floor Construction Stairs 1.2.18 Stairs_South/North_Platform The width of this slab was adjusted to accommodate the Impact Estimator limitation of footing thicknesses to be greater than 7.5”. The measured length was maintained, thickness was set to 7.5” and the width was decreased using the following calculation; = [(Cited Width) x (Cited Thickness)] / (7.5”/12) = [(5.33’) x (6”/12)] / (7.5”/12) = 4.26 feet 1.2.19 Stairs_South/North_Steps The thickness of the stairs was estimateded to be 8 inches based on the cross-section structural drawings Column Beam 3.1.1 Column_Beam_Concrete Basement It is modeled as if there are columns located along the load bearing wall along line B in the same fashion as the columns along line A (refer to structural drawings), even though they are not shown on the structural drawings. Since the bay size is limited to a maximum of 40 feet in the Impact Estimator, 40 feet is used as the approximate bay size, whereas the actual bay size is 41.5 feet. 3.1.2 Column_Beam_Concrete_GrndFlr It is modeled as if there are columns located along the load bearing wall along line B in the same fashion as the columns along line A (refer to structural drawings), even though they are not shown on the structural drawings. Since the bay size is limited to a maximum of 40 feet in the Impact Estimator, 40 feet is used as the approximate bay size, whereas the actual bay size is 41.5 feet. 3.1.3 Column_Beam_Concrete_SecondFlr It is modeled as if there are columns located along the load bearing wall along line B in the same fashion as the columns along line A (refer to structural drawings), even though they are not shown on the structural drawings. Since the bay size is limited to a maximum of 40 feet in the Impact Estimator, 40 feet is used as the approximate bay size, whereas the actual bay size is 41.5 feet. 3.1.4 Column_Beam_Concrete_typFlr It is modeled as if there are columns located along the load bearing wall along line B in the same fashion as the columns along line A (refer to structural drawings), even though they are not shown on the structural drawings. Since the bay size is limited to a maximum of 40 feet in the Impact Estimator, 40 feet is used as the approximate bay size, whereas the actual bay size is 41.5 feet. Typical Floor (TypFlr) values for number of columns and beams, were multiplied by 3 for EIE inputs to represent all typical floors (typical floor = 3rd, 4th, and 5th floors). Suspended Floor 4.1.1 Floor_ConcreteSuspendedSlab_GrndFlr The Impact Estimator calculated the thickness of the material based on floor width, span, concrete strength, concrete flyash content and live load. Concrete strength was set to 4000psi and an average % of concrete flyash was assumed. As stated on the structural drawings, the live loads for floors are as follows: labs, classrooms, and theatre have specified live loads of 60psf; corridors, entrances, and stairs have specified live loads of 100psf. An average of these values of 75psf is used for EIE Inputs. Typical Floor (TypFlr) value for floor width was multiplied by 3 for EIE input to represent all typical floors (typical floor = 3rd, 4th, and 5th floors). All stated about roof envelope from architectural drawings is that it is comprised of 1" rigid insulation. For EIE Model, it is assumed to have a 4-Ply Built-up Asphalt Roof System - Inverted with Extruded Polystyrene, Glass Felt envelope material. Vapour barrier assumed to be polyethylene 6mil. 4.1.2 Floor_ConcreteSuspendedSlab_SecondFlr 4.1.3 Floor_ConcreteSuspendedSlab_TypeFlr 4.1.4 Floor_ConcreteSuspendedSlab_Penthouse A23 Roof Construction The live load was assumed to be 45 psf instead of the specified 27 psf and the concrete strength was set to 4,000psi with average flyash content. All stated about roof envelope from architectural drawings is that it is comprised of 1" rigid insulation. For EIE Model, it is assumed to have a 4-Ply Built-up Asphalt Roof System - Inverted with Extruded Polystyrene, Glass Felt envelope material. Vapour barrier assumed to be polyethylene 6mil. Envelope 5.1.1 Roof_ConcreteSuspendedSlab_Tower Insulation Vapour Barrier A31 Walls Below Grade The length of the concrete cast-in-place walls needed adjusting to accommodate the wall thickness limitation in the Impact Estimator (8" or 12"). Concrete strength was set to 4000psi and an average % of concrete flyash was assumed. The wall envelopes consisting of plaster are modelled as consisting of Regular Gypsum 1/2" due to the unavailability of plaster as a material in Athena EIE. The vapour barrier is assumed to be Polyethylene 6 mil. For the external walls of the tower, the exterior envelope consists of 4.75" Norman Glazed Brick on 90% of the height of the wall, and 3.75" concrete cladding on 10% of the height of the wall. For the model to be inputted into Athena EIE, it is assumed that the exterior envelope consists of Standard Ontario Brick on 100% of the height of the wall. The glazing on the Norman Brick is modeled as Alkyd Solvent Based Paint in Athena EIE. Doors have an actual size of 36"x7', but are modeled assuming they are of standard size in Athena EIE of 32"x7'. Windows are modeled as standard glazing with fixed aluminum framing, which is the closest estimation to the observed windows. Typical Floor (TypFlr) values for measured wall length, number of windows, window area, and number of doors, were multiplied by 3 for EIE inputs to represent all typical floors (typical floor = 3rd, 4th, and 5th floors). Walls 2.1.1 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W1_Ext_BrickClad_Basement_10'' This wall was increased by a factor in order to fit the 8” thickness limitation of the Impact Estimator. This was done by increasing the length of the wall using the following equation; = (Measured Length) * [(Cited Thickness)/8”] = (453.73’) * [(10”)/8”] = 567.16 feet 2.1.2 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W1_Ext_BrickClad_Basement_11.75'' This wall was reduced by a factor in order to fit the 12” thickness limitation of the Impact Estimator. This was done by reducing the length of the wall using the following equation; = (Measured Length) * [(Cited Thickness)/12”] = (29’) * [(11.75”)/12”] = 28.40 feet 2.1.3 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W1_Int_Basement_10'' This wall was increased by a factor in order to fit the 8” thickness limitation of the Impact Estimator. This was done by increaseing the length of the wall using the following equation; = (Measured Length) * [(Cited Thickness)/8”] = (157.75’) * [(10”)/8”] = 197.19 feet 2.1.4 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W1_Int_Basement_8'' A32 Walls Above Grade Walls 2.1.5 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W2_Ext_BrickClad_GrndFlr_10'' This wall was increased by a factor in order to fit the 8” thickness limitation of the Impact Estimator. This was done by increaseing the length of the wall using the following equation; = (Measured Length) * [(Cited Thickness)/8”] = (336.67’) * [(10”)/8”] = 420.84 feet 2.1.6 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W2_Ext_BrickClad_GrndFlr_11.75'' This wall was reduced by a factor in order to fit the 12” thickness limitation of the Impact Estimator. This was done by reducing the length of the wall using the following equation; = (Measured Length) * [(Cited Thickness)/12”] = (38.13’) * [(11.75”)/12”] = 37.34 feet 2.1.7 Wall_Cast-In-Place-W2_Ext_GrndFlr_8'' 2.1.8 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W2_Ext_Grndflr_AdditionalWall Additional wall section A1, B1 that is modeled as 4' high, 1' thick 2.1.13 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W3_Ext_BrickClad_TypeFlr_10'' This wall was increased by a factor in order to fit the 8” thickness limitation of the Impact Estimator. This was done by increasing the length of the wall using the following equation; = (Measured Length) * [(Cited Thickness)/8”] = (281.83') * [(10”)/8”] = 352.29 feet Multiply by 3 (typical floor = floors 3,4,5); = 352.39' * 3 = 1056.87 feet 2.1.14 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W3_Ext_BrickClad_TypFlr_7.5'' This wall was reduced by a factor in order to fit the 8” thickness limitation of the Impact Estimator. This was done by reducing the length of the wall using the following equation; = (Measured Length) * [(Cited Thickness)/8”] = (32.92') * [(7.5”)/8”] = 30.86 feet Multiply by 3 (typical floor = floors 3,4,5); = 30.86' * 3 = 92.58 feet 2.1.15 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W3_Ext_Brickclad_TypFlr_8'' 2.1.19 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W4_Ext_BrickClad_SecondFlr_10'' This wall was increased by a factor in order to fit the 8” thickness limitation of the Impact Estimator. This was done by increasing the length of the wall using the following equation; = (Measured Length) * [(Cited Thickness)/8”] = (280.08') * [(10”)/8”] = 350.10 feet 2.1.20 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W4_Ext_BrickClad_SecondFlr_7.5 This wall was reduced by a factor in order to fit the 8” thickness limitation of the Impact Estimator. This was done by reducing the length of the wall using the following equation; = (Measured Length) * [(Cited Thickness)/8”] = (194.53') * [(7.5”)/8”] = 182.37 feet 2.1.21 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W4_Ext_BrickClad_SecondFlr_8'' 2.1.24 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W5_Ext_BrickClad_Penthouse_7.5'' This wall was reduced by a factor in order to fit the 8” thickness limitation of the Impact Estimator. This was done by reducing the length of the wall using the following equation; = (Measured Length) * [(Cited Thickness)/8”] = (33.17') * [(7.5”)/8”] = 31.10 feet 2.1.25 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W5_Ext_BrickClad_Penthouse_8'' B11 Partitions Walls 2.1.9 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W2_Int_Grndflr_10'' This wall was increased by a factor in order to fit the 8” thickness limitation of the Impact Estimator. This was done by increasing the length of the wall using the following equation; = (Measured Length) * [(Cited Thickness)/8”] = (91.67') * [(10”)/8”] = 114.59 feet 2.1.10 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W2_Int_GrndFlr_6'' This wall was reduced by a factor in order to fit the 8” thickness limitation of the Impact Estimator. This was done by reducing the length of the wall using the following equation; = (Measured Length) * [(Cited Thickness)/8”] = (73.22') * [(6”)/8”] = 54.92 feet 2.1.11 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W2_Int_GrndFlr_7.5'' This wall was reduced by a factor in order to fit the 8” thickness limitation of the Impact Estimator. This was done by reducing the length of the wall using the following equation; = (Measured Length) * [(Cited Thickness)/8”] = (28.08') * [(7.5”)/8”] = 26.33 feet 2.1.12 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W2_Int_GrndFlr_8'' 2.1.16 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W3_Int_TypFlr_10'' This wall was increased by a factor in order to fit the 8” thickness limitation of the Impact Estimator. This was done by increasing the length of the wall using the following equation; = (Measured Length) * [(Cited Thickness)/8”] = (101.47') * [(10”)/8”] = 126.84 feet Multiply by 3 (typical floor = floors 3,4,5); = 126.84' * 3 = 380.52 feet 2.1.17 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W3_Int_TypFlr_5.75'' This wall was reduced by a factor in order to fit the 8” thickness limitation of the Impact Estimator. This was done by reducing the length of the wall using the following equation; = (Measured Length) * [(Cited Thickness)/8”] = (54.26') * [(5.75”)/8”] = 39.00 feet Multiply by 3 (typical floor = floors 3,4,5); = 39.00' * 3 = 117.00 feet 2.1.18 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W3_Int_TypFlr_8'' 2.1.22 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W4_Int_SecondFlr_10'' This wall was increased by a factor in order to fit the 8” thickness limitation of the Impact Estimator. This was done by increasing the length of the wall using the following equation; = (Measured Length) * [(Cited Thickness)/8”] = (101.08') * [(10”)/8”] = 126.35 feet 2.1.23 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W4_Int_SecondFlr_8'' HEBB Theatre Assumption Element Assembly Type Assembly Name Assumption A11 Foundations Footing 1.2.1 Footing_L01&02_Lobby The width of this slab was adjusted to accommodate the Impact Estimator limitation of footing thicknesses to be under 19.7”. The measured length was maintain, thicknesses were set at 19” and the widths were increased using the following calculations; = [(Cited Width) x (Cited Thickness)] / (19”/12) = [(2’) x (24.5”/12)] / (19”/12) = 2.58 feet 1.2.2 Footing_L03a&05a_Lobby 1.2.3 Footing_L03b_Lobby 1.2.4 Footing_L04_Lobby The width of this slab was adjusted to accommodate the Impact Estimator limitation of footing thicknesses to be under 19.7”. The measured length was maintain, thicknesses were set at 19” and the widths were increased using the following calculations; = [(Cited Width) x (Cited Thickness)] / (19”/12) = [(2’) x (60”/12)] / (19”/12) = 6.32 feet 1.2.5 Footing_L05b&14_Lobby 1.2.6 Footing_L06a_Lobby 1.2.7 Footing_L06b_Lobby 1.2.8 Footing_L08_Lobby_1'x1'6'' 1.2.9 Footing_L12_Lobby The width of this slab was adjusted to accommodate the Impact Estimator limitation of footing thicknesses to be greater than 7.5”. The measured length was maintain, thicknesses were set at 7.5” and the widths were decreased using the following calculations; = [(Cited Width) x (Cited Thickness)] / (7.5”/12) = [(7.83’) x (6”/12)] / (7.5”/12) = 6.26 feet 1.2.10 Footing_LA_Lobby 1.2.11 Footing_LB_Lobby 1.2.12 Footing_LC_Lobby 1.2.13 Footing_LD_Lobby A21 Lowest Floor Construction The Impact Estimator, SOG inputs are limited to being either a 4” or 8” thickness. Since the actual SOG thicknesses for the HEBB theatre were not exactly 4” or 8” thick, the areas measured in OnScreen required calculations to adjust the areas to accommodate this limitation. The Impact Estimator limits the thickness of footings to be between 7.5” and 19.7” thick. As there are a number of cases where footing thicknesses are not within these limitations, their widths were adjusted accordingly to maintain the same volume of footing. Concrete strength was set to 4000psi and an average % of concrete flyash was assumed. Lastly, the concrete stairs were modelled as footings. SOG 1.1.1 SOG_5''_Lobby The area of this slab had to be adjusted so that the thickness fit into the 8" thickness specified in the Impact Estimator. The following calculation was done in order to determine appropriate Length and Width (in feet) inputs for this slab; = sqrt[((Measured Slab Area) x (Actual Slab Thickness))/(4”/12) ] = sqrt[ (5,653.31 x (5”/12))/(4”/12) ] = 84.06 feet A22 Upper Floor Construction Stairs 1.2.14 Stairs_Theatre The thickness of the stairs was estimateded to be 24 inches based on the cross-section architectural drawings. The width of this slab was adjusted to accommodate the Impact Estimator limitation of footing thicknesses to be under 19.7”. The measured length was maintain, thicknesses were set at 19” and the widths were increased using the following calculations; = [(Cited Width) x (Cited Thickness)] / (19”/12) = [(65.5’) x (24”/12)] / (19”/12) = 82.74 feet Column Beam 3.1.1 Column_Beam_Concrete_Lobby An average floor to floor height of 10.5' was used throughout lobby, as determined from architectural drawings; = (8.5+9.5+7+9+12+17)/6 = 10.5' 3.1.2 Column_Beam_Concrete_Theatre An average floor to floor height of 26' was used throughout theatre, as determined from architectural drawings; = (19'+32.5'+36'+33'+30'+26'+21'+15'+19.5')/9 = 26' Suspended Floor 4.1.1 Floor_ConcreteSuspendedSlab_Theatre The Impact Estimator calculated the thickness of the material based on floor width, span, concrete strength, concrete flyash content and live load. Concrete strength was set to 4000psi and an average % of concrete flyash was assumed. As stated on the structural drawings, the live loads for floors are as follows: labs, classrooms, and theatre have specified live loads of 60psf; corridors, entrances, and stairs have specified live loads of 100psf. An average of these values of 75psf is used for EIE Inputs. A23 Roof Construction The live load was assumed to be 45 psf instead of the specified 27 psf and the concrete strength was set to 4,000psi with average flyash content. All stated about roof envelope from architectural drawings is that it is comprised of 1" rigid insulation. For EIE Model, it is assumed to have a 4-Ply Built-up Asphalt Roof System - Inverted with Extruded Polystyrene, Glass Felt envelope material. Vapour barrier assumed to be polyethylene 6mil. Suspended Slab 5.1.1 Roof_ConcreteSuspendedSlab_Theatre A31 Walls Below Grade The length of the concrete cast-in-place walls needed adjusting to accommodate the wall thickness limitation in the Impact Estimator (8" or 12"). Concrete strength was set to 4000psi and an average % of concrete flyash was assumed. The wall envelopes consisting of plaster are modelled as consisting of Regular Gypsum 1/2" due to the unavailability of plaster as a material in Athena EIE. The vapour barrier is assumed to be Polyethylene 6 mil. For the external wall of the theatre, the exterior envelope consists of 4.75" Norman Glazed Brick on 90% of the height of the wall, and 3.75" concrete cladding on 10% of the height of the wall. For the model to be inputted into Athena EIE, it is assumed that the exterior envelope consists of Standard Ontario Brick on 100% of the height of the wall. The glazing on the Norman Brick is modeled as Alkyd Solvent Based Paint in Athena EIE. Doors are modeled as steel exterior doors, which is the closest estimation to the observed doors. The number and location of doors are as determined from site exploration. Wall heights for the lobby determined from dimensioning of structural drawings and given elevations. A32 Walls Above Grade Walls 2.1.1 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L01_Lobby_8'' 2.1.2 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L02_Lobby_8'' 2.1.3 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L03a_Lobby_8'' 2.1.4 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L03b_Lobby_8'' 2.1.5 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L04_Lobby_8'' 2.1.6 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L05_Lobby_1'8'' This wall was increased by a factor in order to fit the 12” thickness limitation of the Impact Estimator. This was done by increasing the length of the wall using the following equation; = (Measured Length) * [(Cited Thickness)/12”] = (4.75’) * [(20”)/12”] = 7.92 feet 2.1.7 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L06_Lobby_1'8'' This wall was increased by a factor in order to fit the 12” thickness limitation of the Impact Estimator. This was done by increasing the length of the wall using the following equation; = (Measured Length) * [(Cited Thickness)/12”] = (6.58’) * [(20”)/12”] = 11.00 feet 2.1.8 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L07_Lobby_8'' 2.1.9 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L08_Lobby_6'' The height of this wall varies along its length; therefore, the average height of 12' is used. This wall was reduced by a factor in order to fit the 8” thickness limitation of the Impact Estimator. This was done by reducing the length of the wall using the following equation; = (Measured Length) * [(Cited Thickness)/8”] = (24.81') * [(6”)/8”] = 18.61 feet 2.1.10 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L09-10_Lobby_8'' The height of this wall varies along its length; therefore, the average height of 12' is used. 2.1.11 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L11_Lobby_10'' The height of this wall varies along its length; therefore, the average height of 12' is used. This wall was increased by a factor in order to fit the 8” thickness limitation of the Impact Estimator. This was done by increasing the length of the wall using the following equation; = (Measured Length) * [(Cited Thickness)/8”] = (42.32') * [(10”)/8”] = 52.90 feet 2.1.12 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L12a_Lobby_8'' 2.1.13 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L12b_Lobby_8'' 2.1.14 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L13_Lobby_10'' This wall was increased by a factor in order to fit the 8” thickness limitation of the Impact Estimator. This was done by increasing the length of the wall using the following equation; = (Measured Length) * [(Cited Thickness)/8”] = (27.50') * [(10”)/8”] = 34.38 feet 2.1.15 Wall_Cast-In-Place_L14_Lobby_11.75'' This wall was reduced by a factor in order to fit the 12” thickness limitation of the Impact Estimator. This was done by reducing the length of the wall using the following equation; = (Measured Length) * [(Cited Thickness)/12”] = (89.57) * [(11.75”)/12”] = 87.70 feet 2.1.16 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W6_Ext_BrickClad_Theatre_8'' An average floor to floor height of 26' was used throughout theatre, as determined from architectural drawings; = (19'+32.5'+36'+33'+30'+26'+21'+15'+19.5')/9 = 26' B11 Partitions Walls 2.1.17 Wall_Cast-In-Place_W6_Int_Theatre_6'' An average floor to floor height of 26' was used throughout theatre, as determined from architectural drawings; = (19'+32.5'+36'+33'+30'+26'+21'+15'+19.5')/9 = 26' This wall was increased by a factor in order to fit the 8” thickness limitation of the Impact Estimator. This was done by increasing the length of the wall using the following equation; = (Measured Length) * [(Cited Thickness)/8”] = (51.75') * [(6”)/8”] = 38.81 feet 2.1.18 Wall_Cast_In_Place_W6_Int_Theatre_8'' An average floor to floor height of 26' was used throughout theatre, as determined from architectural drawings; = (19'+32.5'+36'+33'+30'+26'+21'+15'+19.5')/9 = 26'
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eng
Unreviewed
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 Canada
Undergraduate
University of British Columbia. CIVL 498
UBC Social Ecological Economic Development Studies (SEEDS) Student Report
Life cycle assessment 2013 of the Hebb building
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