"CONTENTdm"@en . "http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1211252"@en . "University Publications"@en . "2015-09-17"@en . "1986-03-27"@en . "https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/Ubysseynews/items/1.0128713/source.json"@en . "application/pdf"@en . " ijD>-<\nTHE UBYSSEY\nVol. LXVIII, No. 48\nVancouver, B.C. Thursday. March 21.1986\n,^5.!\n228-2301\nNative students\nBy Mary McAlister\nconfront education system\nAn older woman lies curled up\nasleep on a couch in the Native Indian Student Union lounge. Maybe\nshe's waiting for her daughter to\nfinish a class or maybe she's on a\nbreak from cleaning the building.\nBut she looks so comfortable, like\nshe belongs here . . .\nA young woman comes in to\nwake her, but she's not her\ndaughter \u00E2\u0080\u0094 she's a fellow student\nready to go to class with her. Fidelia\nHaiyupis is a 48-year-old mother of\nsix, a grandmother twice over, and\na UBC graduate student.\nHaiyupis is one of 1,350 native\nstudents in B.C. this year who are\nattending post secondary educational institutions, which is more\nthan double the number who attended in 1980-81, and almost four\ntimes the number in 1972-73.\nTraditional attitudes are rapidly\nchanging and recognizing the importance of formal education.\n\"A lot of the students who\ngraduated a few years ago are now\nencouraging younger students to attend post-secondary schools, and\nespecially universities,\" says Ron\nPenner, the Education Director of\nthe Department of Indian Affairs.\nPost-secondary attendance is\ngrowing because bands are becoming more involved in Indian education issues, Penner says.\nAll status Indians, those\nregistered under the 1869 Indian\nAct, in Canada are eligible for a\nfederal grant to attend a post secondary institution. The money covers\ntuition, books, supplies, and takes\nthe student's housing, and number\nof dependents into consideration.\nSince April 1985, native women\nwho marry non-native men keep\ntheir status, and non-native women\nwho marry native men do not gain\nstatus. Non-status Indians do not\nhave access to the grant.\nUntil the late 1960's regulations\ncovering tuition costs were controlled by the DIA, but now Band\nCouncils have taken control over\nthem. Penner says this is another\nreason for increasing native interest\nin education.\nBut there is still a dark side to the\nnative education picture. Haiyupis\nsays her 17-year-old grand-daughter\nis taking \"nothing courses\" in high\nschool which aren't leading\nanywhere due to a lack of proper\ncounselling.\n\"Nobody told her what she needs\nto take to pursue what she wants. If\nthat's happening to her, I can imagine it's happening to lots of our\nkids.\"\nThe statistics certainly prove this\nto be true. In 1983, 19 per cent of\nnative students on reserves who had\nenrolled in grade one completed\nhigh school. Although these\nOh I tried and I tried.\nI tried to sit and write.\nWho had influence on my education?\nMy father!\nMy father had a lot of influence on my education.\nHe does not know that he did,\nbut he did.\nHe valued education although he had none.\nI wasn't sure.\nEducation is the key to the outside world,\nhe would say. i wasn't sure.\nBut subconsciously I took his advice.\nHere I am.\nHe wants me to be educated,\nTo be independent, knowledgeable, and strong.\nHe wants me to have what he could not have,\nEducation. I wasn't sure, but\nHere 1 am. I'm sure now.\nIlia Quilt\n4th Year\nnumbers are up considerably from\n7.5 per cent in 1977, it compares\nbleakly with the national average of\n70 per cent.\nThere are many deep rooted\nreasons for this discrepancy.\n\"When my parents went to school\nthey were rounded up in a truck in\nSeptember and taken from Chase to\nKamloops Indian Residential\nCatholic school. They were not\nreturned to their families until\nJune,\" says Peter Michel, a student\nin the Native Indian Teacher\nEducation Program (NITEP).\nMichel says the schooling his\nparents went through gave the few\nwho graduated the skills necessary\nto find work.\n\"But the majority of the children\nwere taken away from home for so\nlong that their interest in education\ndropped. They felt separated from\ntheir families.\"\nIn traditional native culture,\nknowledge about the land, an\neconomic necessity then, was passed on through the generations.\n\"We hunted and fished and we\nsurvived. We were self-sufficient,\nbut through the government intervening in our reserve's affairs,\nthey broke down our traditional\nsystems,\" says Michel.\nHaiyupis remembers how the\ngovernment intervened in band affairs. She served for three two-year\nterms on the Ceyton Lake Band\nCouncil. \"The DIA agent came in\nand ran the meetings. They told us:\n'This is what you people need.' \"\nAs band councils slowly gain\nmore control over their own affairs,\nthere is an increasing need for\neducated native people who can articulate their people's concerns.\nHaiyupis recognized this need\nyears ago when she tried to take a\nsecretarial course by correspondence.\n\"I was trying to prepare myself\nfor the work that was going to be\nthrown in my lap with the band affairs. I could see there was a need\nfor someone to write those letters.\"\nIt took 20 years before she could\npursue her goals.\n\"I wanted to go to school years\nago, even when my kids were going\nto school, but I had a domineering\nhusband,\" she says.\nWhen people like Haiyupis and\nMichel do decide to attend a post-\nsecondary school, there are even\nmore hurdles to get over.\n\"It was tough coming into the city,\" says Haiyupis. \"Some people\nend up liking it Jsut I don't.\" She\nstuck with it, thanks to a lot of\nemotional support from her family,\nwhich many native students do not\nreceive.\nWhen she started at the North\nPeter Michel\n/ I\nFidelia Haiyupis\nVancouver NITEP centre, there\nwere 18 students in her class.\n\"The single younger ones were\nfinding it tough. They just didn't\nhave their families support,\" she\nsays. Many of them ended up just\nquitting.\nHaiyuspis also had a financial\nreason to continue her education.\n\"I couldn't go out to work as a\nwelfare aid and support my six kids\nand me on $700 a month,\" she says.\nNative students also face cultural\ninsensitivity in course assignments.\nSome NITEP students at the Prince\nGeorge Centre were asked to write a\ndescriptive essay about what would\nhappen if a nuclear bomb exploded\nin their village.\nBut many nations believe that if\nthey describe terrible events in the\nfuture, these events will come true.\nA lack of native perspective was\nalso lacking in many band schools.\nMichel remembers what it was like.\n\"When I went to school there\nwere books about Indians written\nby European anthropologists. We\nwould learn about Prairie Indians\nand 'Eskimos' \u00E2\u0080\u0094 as they wouio ^~.:i\nInuit people \u00E2\u0080\u0094 but nothing of our\nown local people.\"\n\"I'd like to develop a school curriculum that provides Shuswap and\nEnglish \u00E2\u0080\u0094 a bi-cultural program\nwhere students can learn both\nlanguages,\" he says.\nNative education is changing. Today's post-secondary students are\nstarting a cycle of change which will\nsnowball because of the positive\nrole models they are providing for\nyoung native people. Peter Michel\nwill be one of those role models. He\nwill graduate this year from NITEP\nat UBC and would like to teach on\nthe Adam's Lake reserve where he\nwas born.\nHe says that his nine brothers and\nsisters have succeeded in their\neducational pursuits because their\nparents provided encouragement\nand advice.\nFidelia Haiyupis will finish her\nMasters in Education Administration next year. She wants to work\nwith her people as a school\ncounsellor.\n^.SOIS, Page 2\nTHE UBYSSEY\nThursday, March 27, 1986\nPEI pans Litton\nCHARLOTTETOWN (CUP)\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nA loose coalition of Prince Edward\nIsland farmers, peace activists,\nwomen's groups and academics is\nresisting a bid by Litton Industries,\nwhich has an operating budget\nmany times greater than the provincial government, to build an armaments plant here.\nThe coalition, dubbed the Island\nWay, was formed in January after\nPremier Jim Lee invited Litton to\nbuild an air defence anti-tank\nsystems plant if it won a federal\ncontract. Other companies competing for the contract say they will\nbuild in other areas. A decision is\nexpected in April.\nThe Island Way is hoping to convince Litton by then that their\npresence isn't wanted. According to\nRoy Johnstone, co-ordinator of the\nIsland Peace Committee, which is\npart of the coalition, opponents are\nfighting Litton on several grounds.\n\"Many of us were quite concerned with the social implications of\nthe arms race. As well, Litton is\nwell-known for attacking the\npopular movement in Central\nAmerica, and has a long history of\nanti-union activities,\" he said.\n\"All these things told us there\nwas a great deal of misinformation\nbeing presented, and that the people living here should know about\nit,\" he said. A Litton plant in\nToronto produces guidance systems\nfor the U.S. cruise missile.\nJohnstone said locating the plant\nin P.E.I, or another economically\ndepressed area amounts to\n\"economic blackmail. It's either\nthese projects and militarism, or\nhigh unemployment,\" he said.\nWhile the provincial government\nwon't disclose how much money it's\ngiving Litton as an incentive to\nCheap oi prices\nmeans bad news\nfor grad geers\nCALGARY (CUP) \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Falling oil\nprices may diminish the chances of\nengineering and geology students\nhoping to find summer or permanent jobs.\nAs prices continue to drop, some\noil companies are withdrawing job\noffers, while others are reviewing\ntheir hiring programmes.\nAccording to Scott Ranson of the\npublic affairs department at Gulf\nOil, thirteen job offers had to be\nwithdrawn by the company.\n\"All job offers for summer work\nhave been withdrawn, but all current and future hiring is under\nreview at the moment,\" he said.\n\"At the present moment (our)\nprogramme is under review and in\nall likelihood, there will be fewer\noffers,\" said David Soles, human\nresources manager for Dome\nPetroleum.\nSome companies are making an\neffort to maintain hiring records in\nspite of financial losses. Gordon\nHammond, senior geologist for\nCanterra Energy, said, \"our budget\nwill be reduced by about 40 per\ncent, but the staff will not be axed.\nCanterra will be hiring six new\ngraduate students, the same as last\nyear.\"\nGRADUATION\nPORTRAITS\nby\nfctu&ioa \u00C2\u00A3t&.\nPhone now lor your complimentary sitting, free 4\"x5\" color photo,\nchoose from 18 previews (proofs)\n732-7446\n3343 WEST BROADWA Y\nResume photos as low as 75c in\ncolour.\nlocate on the island, Johnstone says\nthe money could be put to better\nuse in traditional industries such as\nagriculture or the fishery. The\ngovernment has said about 350\ndirect jobs and as many as 500 indirect jobs will be created if the\nplant is built here.\nAccording to University of P.E.I,\neducation professor Claudia Mitchell, who organized a group of\nstudents and academics to debate\nthe issue, a Litton plant would\ndestroy the pastoral lifestyle on the\nisland.\n\"It's really difficult to fathom\nwhat it's like having a company that\nlarge coming to a province this\nsmall. Litton's budget of expenditures is 15 times as great as\nP.E.I.'s,\" she said.\nAlthough the government has\nsaid the company will not have\nmuch influence in island politics,\nMitchell said \"how much say they\nwould have in running things is very\nmuch in dispute.\"\nJohnstone said the protest won't\ndie if Litton wins the contract.\n\"This issue has had more debate on\nthis island than any other in\ndecades,\" he said.\nFollow The Flock To The Fogg\ntw TOiWf MRU\nFor The \"Shear\" Fun Of It!\nEach time you visit Fogg n' Suds til April 6th,you get a\nchance to win a $5200.00 trip for two to Auckland, N.Z.\nCourtesy of # air flEUJ ZEaiatiD\nWe'll See Ewes At The Fogg\n9o?jeiori9oi&th. SPoggoTit/iLfl&u/\n3293 W. 4th\nKitsilano\nph. 73-BEERS\n1215 Bidwell\nEnglish Bay\nph. 669-9297\nwTOl\nCAN EXPRESSCARD\nIf you're graduating this year and you've\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 accepted career-oriented employment\nat an annual salary of $10,000 or more\nand have a clean credit record, you can get\nthe American Express Card.\nThat's it. No strings. No gimmicks.\n(And even if you don't have a job right now,\ndon't worry. This offer is still\ngood up to 12 months after you\ngraduate.)\nWhy is American Express\nmaking it easier for you to\nget the Card right now7 Well,\nsimply stated, we recognize\nyour achievement and we\n111?\n:\u00E2\u0080\u00A2**\"\nc f f ROST\nbelieve in your future. And as you go up the\nladder, we can help-in a lot of ways.\nThe Card can help you begin to establish\na credit reference. And, for business, the\nCard is invaluable for travel and restaurants.\nAs well as shopping for yourself.\nOf course, the American Express Card\nis recognized around the world.\nSo you are too.\nSo call 1-800-387-9666 and '\nask to have a Special Student\nApplication sent to you. Or look\nfor one on campus.\nThe American Express Card.\nDon't leave school without it\u00E2\u0084\u00A2\nAmerican Exprf\nirks owned by American Expiess Company < Copyright American Express Canada, Inc 1986 All Rights Reserved Thursday, March 27,1986\nTHE UBYSSEY\nPage 3\nLiberation\nTheology\n... is B.C. ready?\nBy Doug Schmidt\nBritish Columbia is increasingly being likened to a Third World\ncountry.\nHow is it possible that in a province of such abundant natural\nwealth and such a high level of\neducation among its people, our economy is\nso desperately failing? Why are so many people unemployed and falling into poverty?\nAs government and business leaders jet\naround seeking economic solutions from the\nsweatshop nations of the Pacific Rim and\nsupply-side and demand-side economists\nbash heads over their simplistic\nmacroeconomic abstractions, others are\nseeking a more humanistic approach and\nlearning a lot from, of all places, the Third\nWorld.\nxuJ\nIN LATIN AMERICA, POVERTY SEEMS\nan almost incurable disease.\nMillions of peasants live in appalling circumstances in decrepit shantytowns which\nsprout up around the major cities.\nThese slum dwellers were evicted from the\ncountryside where there is abundant arable\nland but which is being used by wealthy landowners for lucrative export cash crops \u00E2\u0080\u0094\nbananas, sugar, coffee, cotton. The\ncampesinos head to the cities attracted by the\nmyth of employment.\nInstead, they are forced to beg in the\nstreets, rummage for food and clothing in\ngarbage dumps and watch their children die\nof malnutrition-related diseases.\nAlthough dictatorships, once the prevalent\nform of government in Latin America, have\nfallen out of fashion, and some short-lived or\nbotched efforts at land reform have been attempted, little has changed for the poor.\nEnter the church.\nThe missionaries of the 1980's are a different breed from their European namesakes\nwho waded ashore centuries earlier.\nFirst, they are most likely Latin American\nborn and they speak the indigenous\nlanguage. But more importantly, they live\nwith the poor and oppressed, educating and\norganizing them to become more active in effecting socio-political change by letting their\nvoices be heard through grassroots self-help.\nThese missionaries act outside of the formal church, which has always been seen as\npart of the moneyed and privileged and not\nbeing sensitive to the majority of the people\nwho are both poor and oppressed.\nThe form of theological expression these\npriests and lay preachers use is called Liberation Theology.\n\"Liberation Theology is the means of applying the theology of the church to the situation of the poor and oppressed people in the\nworld. It has a particular reading of the scriptures and it says that God has an option for\nthe poor, and for the church to be faithful to\nGod it has to be working on the issues which\nconfront the poor and the oppressed,\" says\npastor Ray Schultz, Lutheran chaplain at the\nUniversity of B.C.\nLiberation Theology, although practiced\nsince the early 1960's, began to seriously\nspread in 1968 following two events. That\nyear, Peruvian theologian Gustavo Gutierrez\nwrote \"The Liberation of Theology\", outlining the essential tenets of the new movement,\nand a Latin American bishops meeting in\nGuatemala drafted the statement with the\nnow famous phrase that God has an option\nfor the poor.\n\"Small communities, known popularly as\nbase Christian communities, were formed in\nwhich people would meet for an analysis of\ntheir situation and biblical study, and then\ndecide to take some form of action. So this\naction-reflection model has created a rather\ndynamic reflection of the church,\" said\nSchultz, who has visited and studied such\ncommunities in Peru.\n\"(The actions are) taking place on a\nnumber of fronts. In many places that involves fighting a guerrilla war and so there\nare many people who fight back militarily \u00E2\u0080\u0094\nthat's one kind of expression of it \u00E2\u0080\u0094 in other\nplaces its a kind of economic self-help project\nwhere people are learning how to live\ncooperatively.\n\"At the survival level I saw it happening in\nLima, in Peru, where several families would\nget together and form a co-op kitchen. That\nwould release more of the members of the\nfamilies to go out and work, and it also made\nbuying of food and preparation of food more\nefficient. And church people work with them\nto council them on nutrition and budgeting\nand so on,\" says Schultz.\nHowever, there are problems with the\nchurch hierarchy which sees these base communities acting more autonomously than the\nhierarchy would like, Schultz adds.\n\"Another reason, and perhaps this is a bigger one, is that Marxist analysis is commonly\nused as a method of criticizing the society in\nLatin America.\n\"And because Marxism has taken an\naetheistic expression and totalitarian shape in\nmany countries, I think the church, rightly\nso, has a concern about whether these\nmovements are really Marxist movements\nmore than they are Christian ones,\" he says.\nBUT FOR THE PEOPLE LIVING IN THE\nbase communities it is not a matter of\nsubscribing or not subscribing to the\ndiscipline of the church, argues Schultz:\n\"They see what they are doing as profoundly Christian activity.\n\"(They) see Liberation Theology as a\nmeans of being theologically reflective for\nthemselves in the face of a church that just\ndoesn't always seem to care very much.\"\nPart of the problem is how the developed\nworld looks at what is going on in Latin\nAmerica. It tends to simplify everything into\nan East-West ideological conflict, whereas in\nfact the North-South conflict is a different\none, says Schultz.\n\"Nicaragua is very definitely using a Marxist model for social and political organization, and Cuba, of course, is a completely\nMarxist country.\n\"But in many of the places where indigenous people make up a large proportion\nof the population, such as Guatemala or\nPeru, the socialist forms of organization that\nthey engage in don't come from Marxism as\nmuch as they come from their own ancient\nmodels of being.\n\"What they're doing is simply recovering a\ntradition which was nearly wiped out in the\nsame way that we've nearly wiped out the\ncooperative tradition of Canadian Indians today.\n\"So the forms of social organization are\nnot intended to be aligned with either one of\nthe major powers, but simply a practical approach to their own economic survival,\" he\nsaid.\nLiberation Theology has led to an inevitable politicization of the church.\nThe Catholic church had a great bearing\non the final outcome of the Sandanista's\nstruggle against Anastasio Somoza in\nNicaragua, and more recently, in another\nThird World country, it was the call to the\npredominantly Catholic Philippino people by\nArchbishop Cardinal Sin which played a\ndecisive part in the ouster of President Ferdinand Marcos.\nAnd it is this type of public political struggle which has also led to a political struggle\nwithin the church itself, says Schultz.\nAs evidence of this, he cites the periodic\n\"Kirchentage\" in Germany, \"where tens of\nthousands of people gather together to reaffirm their faith, and that's a lay, popular\nmovement.\n\"We see signs of that kind of concern in\nthe church also in the Green parties in\nEurope where theie's more of a concern for\nSee page 15: B.C.'s Page 4\nTHE UBYSSEY\nThursday, March 27,1986\nContralogical\nAfter an unsuccessful campaign by the Reagan Administration to persuade Congress to spend $100 million in military aid to the Contras, a\n\"large-scale Sandanista attack\" on Honduran training camps exploded,\nwith very suspicious timing.\nWhile the Americans have dubbed the attack an \"act of aggression\"\nbacked by Cuba and the Soviet Union, Nicaraguan presidential spokesperson Manuel Espinoza has denied charges that the Sandanistas have crossed the Honduran border. And to add to the suspicion, Honduran soldiers\nhave prevented foreign journalists from visiting the area.\nOne hates to point accusing fingers, but how convenient for Ronnie. $20\nmillion in emergency aid for Honduran-based Contra camps isn't all the\nmoney the president wanted, but it's a good start.\nThe Americans have claimed in the past and continue to claim that\nNicaragua has imported from the Soviets more arms than can be tolerated\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094 40,000 tons of Russian and Eastern European weapons since 1981, including 110 T-55 tanks and 30 PT-76 light amphibious tanks.\nIf the Americans insist upon overthrowing the Sandanistas, they will\nface a war machine which enjoys tremendous support at home, and a\nlengthy bloody battle.\nIf the Americans succeed in placing in power what Reagan calls \"the\nequivalent of our founding fathers,\" the cycle of civilian unrest and suffering will inevitably renew itself in the Central American tinderbox.\nReally rally\nRecent slights-of-hand by the\nprovincial government have\ntried to convince us we have\n\"Excellencely Funded\" education in B.C.\nBut all the wonderful extra\nmoney for teaching people\nsimply begins to replace funds\nthe Socreds have chopped from\nschools and universities in\nprevious years.\nNow, you could have written\nto your MLA to complain about\nthe situation on education funding in B.C.\nOr, you could have joined a\ncommittee to plan concerted\narguments about the need for\neducation funding.\nBut, you probably didn't.\nNevertheless, all is not lost.\nCommittee sitters, letter\nwriters and not-quite-as-\ninvolved people can rally at\nRobson Square Tuesday, April\n1 at 2 p.m.\nDon't be Fooled Again is the\ntheme of the Provincial day of\nconcern for education.\nVote with your body.\nWe want better flics\nIt has been quite some time since\nI last saw a Subfilms picture ad in\nthe Ubyssey. I have heard that the\nrevenue of Subfilms has been\nsteadily falling over this and the\npast year. This may not be surprising as many people on campus are\nnot even aware of Subfilms, even\nthough it only costs $2.00 per admission. Hence the picture ad of\n\"Prizzi's Honor\" is more than a\nwelcome break, especially after all\nthose midterms. Congratulations to\nthe Subfilms ads manager for a job\nwell done.\nOn the other hand, it is disturbing to note that \"Year of the\nDragon\" has been selected for one\nof the features of Subfilms that is\nalready overflowing with violence\nfrom this term alone (\"Rambo\",\n\"Beyond Thunderdome\",\n\"Silverado\"), not to mention the\nracial overtone that seems to smite\nthe movie.\nPerhaps better choices can be\nmade, in the interest of the general\nUBC film-going audience, with say,\n\"Plenty\", \"Insignificance\", \"Back\nto the Future\" or \"The Gods Must\nBe Crazy\".\nSince the program has been set\nalready, I can only hope that Sub-\nfilms can do better next year. And\nplease, keep the picture ads in the\nUbyssey going \u00E2\u0080\u0094 say, on every\nTuesday. You might even double\nyour revenue.\nYung-Tsin Hsi\ncivil engineering 4\nUnderpaid\nThe University is to be congratulated on the new financial\nsystem which is to take effect April\n1, 1986 (see UBC REPORTS,\nMarch 20, 1986). A new and up-to-\ndate accounting system is long overdue and will indeed represent a\n\"fresh start\" for UBC.\nIt will not, however, be a \"fresh\nstart\" for those clerical staff who\nwill have yet another task; this requiring complex cdmputing and accounting abilities which will not be\ncompensated for (yet again)!\nThis seems a less than reasonable\nrequest considering the C.U.E.\nstaff have not had a contract since\nApril '84. The staff had consistently\nbeen falling behind other members\nof the university as far as salary is\nconcerned. You can only expect to\nget what you pay for.\nMoira S. Greaven\nTHE UBYSSEY )\nMarch 27. 1986 |\nThe Ubyssey is published Tuesday and Friday throughout\nthe academic year by the Alma Mater Society of the University of British Columbia. Editorial opinions are those of the staff\nand are not necessarily those of the administration or the\nAMS. Member Canadian University Press. The Ubyssey's\neditorial office is SUB 241k. Editorial department,\n228-2301/2305. Advertising 228-3977/3978.\n\"Every breath you take,\" cooed Stephen to Janice. James shouted peace songs at Michael. Camile,\nJennifer, Debbie, Doug & Ed chanted to the Sex Pistols. Peter sang solo over John Lennon, David]\nCorinne, Kerry, Andrew & Steve wildly sang religious dogma Hast week's copy is this week's truth)\nRon sang \"you give me the sweetest taboo - 000000 - That's why I'm in love with yoooooool\" Amy\nsang the theme from the Care Bears while Gordon, Neil and Mary sang \"Wild thingl You make my\nheart singl You make EVERYTHING . . . Groovy!\" Evelyn, Martin & Laura pealed out joyously \"Like a\nvirgin\". Karen sang \"Heart of Gold\" while putting in the usual cameos . . .\n% M^t?:'.. &tM<>Wo, the dreams and\ncultural traditions of Russia carry\non in Canada. \"I left the Soviet\nUnion but 1 didn't leave Russia. I\nstill think in my language. I\nsometimes feel misplaced. I'm not\nfully adapted to my new life yere.\"\nWith a different cultural\nbackground, a Russian or East\nEuropean can't automatically adapt\nto the Canadian wav of life.\nMost students never expected to\nfind a miraculous new life in\nCanada. They left because the>\nwere skeptical of their homcland.-\nanci curious about Canada.\nRys/ard C'iinek, an ISELS\ngraduate student, had met people\nfrom North America when he worked as a tour guide in Poland.\n\"Canadians and Americans\nbrought me books. I developed an\nappeal for North America, flic ot-\nficial Polish media said North\nAmerica was like this. But North\nAmericans would say 'No it's like\nthat' \".\nThe gap between what he read and\nwhat he heard about North\nAmerica inspired Cimek to obtain a\ntravel visa to leave Poland and settle in Canada in 1977.\nRogalska left Poland after her\nhopes for entering law school were\ndashed. \"I couldn't get a place in\nlaw at university because there was\ntoo much competition,\" she says.\nRgalska says other things drove\nher to leave Poland. \"I wanted to\nbe independent of m> parents. In\nPoland, this is impossible even as\nan adult. The economic situation\npreterits it. Moving out of my\nparents place was impossible.\"\nLifsehes left Poland because his\nunderground political work left him\nlittle choice. \"1 knew from the\nbeginning of Solidarity that the\nmovement would be crushed. When\nthis happened 1 knew I would go to\njail or a detention camp. I didn't\nbelieve 1 had any future in\nPoland.\"\nAs a researcher at various institutes in Poland, he says his supervisors often pressured him lo falsify\nhis data and provide 'posilive proof for the government.\n\"Every time I would refuse, and I\nhad to leave the institute.\" he says.\n\"What was going on in Poland was\nabnormal. I wanted to be able to do\na job according to some sort of\nethical code.\"\nA Carleton student from the\nSoviet Union who wishes to remain\nanonymous, says that as a student\nin the USSR he used to feel\nrestricted. \"In ihe Soviet Union you\nha\e to study at least 50 political\nsubjects \u00E2\u0080\u0094 no mater what discipline\nyou're in. It was prohibited to mention certain themes.\"\nWhen he lived in Hungary Zoltan\nBarany. now a fourth year I SEES\n.student, rejected Hungary's communist ideals. He acted more like\nan entrepreneur than a socialist-\nminded citi/en.\n\"I lived on wheeling and dealing.\n1 would sell records and car parts on\nthe black market,\" he says, \"I was\nused to making my own money.\"\nRespecl sets the tone of student-\nprofessor relations in Eastern\nEurope. But Mravinsky says \"professors here don't pay attention to\ndelivery. Sometimes when they give\na lecture it's as though they were\nreading a laundr> list. If this hap\npened in the Soviet Union, the pro\nlessor would be reprimanded.\"\nEmigre students .say they at lea1-:\nget ihe chance to argue with th.\nprofessors. \"At university here,\nprofessors impose their way c1'\nthinking, bin you can challcnyv\n(hem,\" says Rogalska.\nGyoker enjoys class discussions\nat Ottawa U. \"Students point to\nthings they don't agree with the\nprofessor on. It's \ery straightforward. Professors aren't on a\npedestal.\"\nBetween students, however,\nemigres are used to more\ncamraderie. \"Friends are like a\npressure valve to offset the problems in society. Without friends,\nyou're despeate,\" says Mravinsky.\nCanadian students work differently. First they want to win.\nthen they want lo make friends.\nMarck Godyn, a Soviet and\nEastern European (ISEES)\ngraduate student from Poland, says\n\"the way 1 think is different. So is\nmy language. You can't translate\nyour personality or your life from\nlanguage to language. I can speak\nEnglish but I'm still an outsider.\"\nEmigres criticize their\nmotherland and their newly\nadopted homeland. \"You can't say\nI hat what you left behind was noi\ngood and you've come to a new-\nplace and onl> see good into it,\"\nsays Sylwia Rogalska, a Carleton\nhistory student who left Poland for\nCanada in 1981.\n\"There is no ideal place in the\nworld,\" says Peter Staniszkis, a\nCarleton graduate from Poland\nwho has lived in Canada for seven\nvears.\n\ I.ill <>l liin-l .i:ul .hk-iivI;.\nhigh academic standards have\nprevented more student refugees\nfrom being sponsored by the World\nUniversity Service of Canada\n(WUSC), said its UBC chairperson\nluesday.\n\"With more money we'd be in\nmore of a market to increase the\nsponsorships at UBC,\" said Chris\nFriesen.\nIn a referendum prepared by\nWUSC in January 1985, UBC\nstudents decided to pay an extra 50\ncents to help sponsor two African\nrefugees. This was the first such\nreferendum to be held at a Canadian university.\n\"We would have asked for a\ndollar per student, but we weren't\nsill. Ml.- Ukl'.'liJ'.ll!! W.-llkl p.i.\u00C2\u00BB .i1\n50 cents,\" said Friesen.\nHe said the 50 cent fee raised\n$12,000 to $14,000 this year, but added it cost between $18,000 and\n$19,000 to sponsor the two\nstudents.\n\"UBC Awards donated $2,200\nand the Faculty Association gave us\n$3,000. We appealed to this year's\ngrad class but they turned us\n~\nRefugees flee\nBy CAMILE DIONNE\nIvia Perdomo fled El\nSalvador with her husband\nand three children 2Vi years\nago leaving behind her\nparent and other relatives.\nThe Perdomu iamily spent the next\ntwo years hiding in Los Angeles as illegal aliens before coming to Canada\nlast fall.\nWhen their savings ran out, both\nElvia and her husband had to work illegally in the United States to provide\nfood and clothing for their family.\n\"We didn't have legal permission to\nwork and had to work underground,\"\nshe says.\nThe threat of being found and deported back to El\nSalvador where they could be killed always hung over\ntheir heads.\nIn April, 1985, the Perdomos applied to come to\nCanada as refugees at the Canadian Embassy in Los\nAngeles and arrived in Vancouver in November.\nTheir transition to life here has been eased by a new\ngovernment pilot program which matched them with\na host family in Vancouver.\nThe Host Program for Refugee Settlement is a new\ngovernment program which been last October and is\nnow operating in 11 cities across the country.\nMultilingual Orientation Service Association for\nImmigrant Communities worker John Shannon says\nthe host program grew after refugee workers noticed\nrefugees brought to Canada from Southeast Asia\nduring the \"Boat People\" period six years ago who\nhad sponsoring groups in Canada adapted far better\nthan those who received government assistance.\nBoth groups received the same financial and housing aid, says Shannon, adding the contacts and\nfriendships made with their Canadian sponsors made\nthe difference.\nShannon described the three classifications of\nrefugees in Canada. The largest group, composing\nmore than 85 per cent of Canada's refugee intake,\nare government sponsored refugees like the Perdomos. The second major group are privately sponsored refugees and those brought in through the\nfamily reuniting program. The third group, \"Inland\nrefugees\", are those who declare themselves refugees\nat the border or airport.\nThe Host pilot refugee settlement program deals\nwith some of the 12,000 government sponsored\nrefugees that arrive in Canada each year. It has matched 320 refugees with host groups since it began in\nOctober.\nLesley Anderson, host program coordinator, says\nthe program will be an experimental phase for at least\nthe next two years. Information on how well the people in the program adjust to life in Canada will be\ncompared to a control group of government sponsored refugees.\nShe says the program matches 100 refugee units in\nVancouver with volunteer hosts out of about 1100\nrefugees that arrive in B.C. each year. (A refugee unit\ncan be a family, a brother /sister group, a single\nparent, a couple or a single individual.)\nAnderson says government sponsored refugees\nreceive funding from the federal government for one\nyear after their arrival in Canada. The government\nsupplies housing, food, clothing and furniture, as\n. well as medical care and emergency dental coverage.\nGovernment sponsored refugees also receive five\nmonths of English language training and employment counselling.\n\"It's all quite minimal\" Anderson says, noting\nthat the aid is similar to welfare rates.\nOther than financial support, aid to refugees is\nminimal, she says. \"What has changed is the human\ncontact.\"\nElvia Perdomo says she is glad her host family is\nthere to help.\n\"Sometimes we have problems, we miss our\nfamilies, but we know it takes time to adapt,\" she\nsays.\nAnderson says the volunteer hosts can be a family,\nan individual or a group of friends.\n\"It's kind of nice if you do it with a friend,\" she\nsays, adding that it is good for both the refugees and\nthe hosts for the hosts to be a family or group\nbecause it gives the refugees more contacts in\nCanada.\nJohn and Sheila Shannon are the Perdomo's host\nfamily. The Shannons have spent 26 years in Latin\nAmerica and John is a volunteer with MOSAIC, an\norganization that provides services in 70 languages to\nboth refugees and immigrants.\nPerdomo said when her family first came to\nCanada \"the only friends we had were Mr. and Mrs.\nShannon. Through them now I know more people.\"\nAnderson says she try's to match hosts and\nrefugees as much as possible.\n\"Other languages are great\" she says, adding host\nwithout language skills are matched with refugees\nwith at least minimal English. Single hosts are usually\nmatched with single refugees.\nRefugees are chosen randomly for the program\nwith about 30 per cent coming from Central\nAmerica, 30 per cent from Southeast Asia and the\nrest from other areas of the world. Anderson said the\nrefugees come from all walks of life.\nSome are professionals others laborers. Some are\nwell off, others are poor, she says.\nAnderson says the Host program require? no\nfinancial commitment from volunteers but is an\n\"orientation and friendship-based program\". The\ncommittment is for at most a year but \"the first few\nmonths will be the most intense,\" she says.\n\"We encourage volunteers not to get involved\nfinancially\", says Anderson, stressing the program is\noriented to ensuring the refugee's self-respect.\n\"The thing that we really encourage is an equal\nrelationship between the volunteer hosts and the\nrefugees.\"\nTraining for volunteers includes programs by the\nB.C. Association of Social Workers, the\nmulticulturalism concerns committee and the UBC\ncounselling psychology department grad students. It\nalso involves an orientation into what a government\nsponsorship means to a refugee and practical advice\non what the host will do. Hosts are given resource\nlists of community centres, English classes and other\nresources in the community.\n\"What the volunteer learns is almost more than\nwhat the refugee does\" says Anderson.\nThe volunteer hosts are also given handouts profiling the country which the refugee they will be hosting\nhas come from. They receive information about the\nfood and culture of the country as well as its historic\nand political background. Volunteers are also given a\nreading list of further sources of information on the\ncountry, Anderson says. The Host program also\nplans social events for volunteers every six weeks,\nili'wn.\" I;.- m.J. .iJdme :lk-.\nsupported WUSC in years before\nthe referendum.\nAccording to Friesen, \"extremely\nhigh academic standards of the\nUBC Admissions Board also keep\nprospective refugee students\naway.\"\nCandidates must be graduate\nstudents and must have at least a\n3.5 grade point average to stand a\nchance of entrance, he said.\n\"Even if we had a tremendous\namount of money, we could only\nsponsor those students who meet\nthe admissions standards,\" Friesen\nsaid.\nFriesen would like to see women\nand Asian students sponsored in\nfuture years.\n\"We feel this campus could\nassimilate Asian students easily\nbecause of the large Asian population in Vancouver,\" he said.\nFemale refugee students are less\nlikely to be accepted by admissions,\naccording to Friesen. \"Few women\nfrom third world countries have the\nopportunity to study at a graduate\nlevel,\" he said.\nThis year, WUSC will sponsor\ntwo more African students, both of\nwhom are male.\n\"We will try to raise extra money\nfrom the Alumni Association, and\nperhaps from off-campus community organizations, but we won't\nhave another referendum for a few\nyears,\" Friesen said. Page 10\nTHE UBYSSEY\nThursday, March27, 1986\nStudents must compete\nFrom page 9\nFriendships as a result are less intense.\n\"Canadian students have to compete in order to survive. When you\nhave to compete there's not time for\nsincere friendships. It's a question\nof priorities,\" says Mravinsky.\nWhen she went to school in\nPoland, Rogalska used to exchance\nassignments with friends. \"If I were\nbrilliant in maths I would help\nothers. I wish someone else were\nbrilliant in languages, they would\ngive me their assignments. At\nCarleton I can't expect this. Here\nnot: many students cooperate. They\nwant to get good marks. Competition is reinforced. People are left to\nthemselves.\"\nCanadian universities also\nbewilder emigres with individual\ndecisions. In Eastern Europe\ncourses vary between programs, but\nare fixed between each program.\nSJtaniszkis, who studies theology\nin Poland, at first found it difficult\nto choose courses, \"because choice\nis an unknown concept at Polish\nuniversities.\"\nThe wide range of choice in all\nparts of Canadian life puzzle and\nsometimes disgust these emigres.\nThe limitless selection of movies,\nart, and literature expose them to\nthe crudest along with the most\nrefined types of culture. The garish\ncolors and the plastic messages of\nsome Canadian culture annoy\nthem.\nNorth American mass culture\nshocked Godyn. Art seemed unar-\ntistic because it was all the same.\n\"Movies are also violent. There is\nnothing deep in them. Most of them\ndon't make you think. I find North\nAmerican TV, with exception of\nCBC or PBS, supremely stupid,\"\nsaid. Barany. \"You mostly see\nbeautiful people doing beautiful\nthings which are far off from reality. The psychological effects of this\nare really bad.\"\nIn Poland Rogalska used to\nwatch TV. \"Even if it was propaganda, it was educational. I don't\nwatch TV here. All the commercials\nmake me sick.\"\nWith all these challenges, some\nemigre students have come to question the values underlying the Canadian way of life. In Poland the state\nused to tell people what to do, says\nCimek. Here the same paternalism\nexists but in a different form.\n\"Someone is always telling you\nto buy something. This is paternalism to me. A salesman knows I\nhave a vacuum cleaner, but tells me\nto buy another. This is dangerous.\nAll of a sudden I'm full of material\nneeds and I realize there's never any\nend to it.\"\nThe individualistic outlook of\nCanadians also raises doubts among\nsome emigres. When they left a\npaternalistic communist state, some\nfound they were cuttng the umbilical cord from their source of\nsustenance. They had to test their\nindividual ability to survive.\n\"This new environment is difficult to adapt to,\" says Mravinsky.\n\"Here if you're not relying on\nyourself you're a loser. I know Russians who have a problem because\nthe government no longer gives\nthem a job, a roof, a salary.\"\nDespite the hardships of Canadian life, these students have found\nwhat they were looking for. Along\nwith the competitive university atmosphere, they have found access\nto information. Along with the\nlimitations of speaking a foreign\nlanguage, they have found room to\nexpress themselves. Along with the\nthreat of unemployment, they have\nfound opportunities to earning a\nliving.\nThrough their struggles they have\nlearned that the gulf separating the\n\"free world\" and the Soviet Bloc is\nsurprisingly narrow. Mravinsky\nnotes that Russians and Canadians\nhave more similarities than differences. \"We both live in a northern climate in a vast open country. These factors can be seen in\npeople's characters.\"\nThe freedom for which North\nAmerica prides itself, some students\nhave noted, is not alien to communist countries. A person can find\nfreedom in Poland.\n\"There is freedom of speech in\nconversation. You just-can't print\nyour words,\" says Godyn, \"that's\nwhy it's important to have a close\ncircle of friends where you don't\nhave to hide your feelings. Here you\ndon't need that because you can say\nand do anything.\"\nFreedom is limited in Canada\ntoo, they point out. \"I can go\ndemonstrate at the Polish embassy,\nbut I can't break certain rules,\"\nsays Staniszkis.\n\"Everything comes down to the\nsame thing,\" says Rogalska.\n\"Canadians talk about democracy\nand freedom, but there's a lot of\ndecisions the government makes\nwhich the people here don't know\nabout.\"\nCanada then is not necessarily the\nland of wealth and freedom. \"I\nnever had the illusion that prosperity grows on trees here or that you\ncan pick it like apples,\" says\nCimek.\nIn fact, some emigres have found\nthemselves fighting for freedom in\nCanada. Byoker is playing out a\nbattle in court over her landlord's\nattempt to evict her and Cimek\nbecause their apartment needed\n'major renovations'.\n\"Close friends would say 'why\nnot move?' Few people said fight\nfor your own rights. It's not right\nwhat the landlord is doing,\" she explains, \"If you want freedom here\nyou have to take a stand.\"\nIn the East and West alike, people must play the same game of survival. \"The only difference is that\nthe rules change. In Eastern Europe\nand here all people have to fight,\"\nsays Lifsehes.\nAlthough Canada is riddled with\nproblems most emigres are content\nto live here. Canada's multicultural\nflavour gives them the chance to\nmix their past with their present.\n\"In the United States foreigners\nhave to assimilate and to a certain\nextent they lose their identity,\" says\nStaniszkis.\nIn Canada emigres can choose\nwhether or not to hold on to their\ncultural heritage.\nTaryan-Grossman has served ties\nwith her Hungarian past. \"The first\nfew years I wanted to hang onto the\nHungarian in me. I didn't belong\nhere and wanted to go home. Then\nsomething changed and now I\nrefuse to be Hungarian.\nMany emigres are unwelcome in\nEastern Europe. They know they\ncan't return. And some don't want\nto. \"If I went back I would lose\neverything I've achieved here in the\nlast four years. If I returned I could\nnever leave again,\" says Rogalska.\nPig boys dominate art\nFrom page 6\nor success artistic or otherwise.\nHowever, especially in the\npunk/harcore scene, where the 'pit'\nin front of the stage is condusive to\na lot of thrashing activity, aggressive males set the audience standards as well. Said Gregg, \"The\nreality of the rock and roll world is\nthat it is a male-dominated art\nform. I don't feel good about that.\nWe support women wholeheartedly, but we are what we are.\"\n\"It's like minor league football\npractice,\" said Keighley. \"It's\nusually what happens in a big city\nwhen you get a bunch of people\ntogether, strangers, with a common\ninterest. A band that plays driving\nmusic will make people move. It's\njust a shame that women are forced\nto have to stand back out of it to\nenjoy the band,\" he said.\nGregg says \"women should be\nleft to set the standard for how\ncrazy it is on the dance floor.\" Not\nguys with spikes, metal boots, and\nflying elbows. \"The one thing I\ncan't stand is broken glass on the\ndance floor. I stopped a show in\nMunich cause some jerk grabbed a\nstein out of my hand, fell back, and\nsmashed it,\" he said.\nGregg was described in a\nPortland newspaper as being a 'hip\nschool teacher' in trying to quell\nviolence during a show there. Yet,\ndespite his personal hesitations to\nplay preacher, Gregg still believes\nart can be an effective media for effecting social change.\n\"It offers you an opportunity to\nbreak the cycle of male domination\nof society.\nm MEDICAL AND SCIENTIFIC EQUIPMENT SHOW\nrams\n^\nAPRIL 2-3, 10 a.m.-4 p.m. Daily\nSUB BALLROOM, 2nd FLOOR\nSEMINARS\u00E2\u0080\u0094SUB Room 205\nApril 2\n10:30 a.m.: BIO HAZARD CABINETS\u00E2\u0080\u0094WESTERN SCIENTIFIC\nSERVICES\n1:30 p.m.: RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN GASTROMETO-\nGRAPHY\u00E2\u0080\u0094PERKIN-ELMER\nApril 3\n10:30 a.m.: LABORATORY SAFETY TECHNIQUE \u00E2\u0080\u0094 FISHER\nSCIENTIFIC\n1:30p.m.: THE BAKER COMPANY BIOLOGICAL SAFETY\nCABINETS \u00E2\u0080\u0094 TECHNICAL MKTING ASSOC.\nt have discovered the meaning si irfo and tet/ne t*8 ou die u came to understand,\nlier, we are tired of your\nlanding, tired of English\ntroops on Irish soil.\nTired of your knock on the door,\ntired of the rifle-butt on the head.\nTired of the jails, the gas, the\nbeatings, in dark corners.\nSoldier, we are tired of the peace\nyou bring to Irish bones.\nTired of the bombs, exploding in\nour homes, tired of the rumble,\ngrowing in the streets.\nTired of the deaths of old friends,\ntired of tears and funerals \u00E2\u0080\u0094\nThose endless, endless funerals.\nSoldier, when you came to this\nland you said you came to understand.\nTrF;'\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0'>\u00C2\u00AB*-.\n*\nCREATIVE FOOD \u00C2\u00ABL BEVERAGE CO.\nIW6 Vfcw st \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 l'/j BILs ^M _^ i\u00C2\u00ABm\u00C2\u00BB >evj at \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 i'/j Blk.9 fre*i hjts I\n'COWAN\n>FFEg GOODANyOAY UNTit Page 16\nTHE UBYSSEY\nThursday, March 27, 1986\nPoll says liberated women free of jobs\nBy CATHERINE BAINBRIDGE\nCanadian University Press\nMONTREAL \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Magazine ads\nsay feminists are smart, liberated\nwomen \u00E2\u0080\u0094 on their way up the corporate ladder. But in the real world,\nbusinessmen don't want feminists.\nFemale MBA graduates who let\ntheir prospective employers know\nthey are feminists are not likely to\nget hired, according to a recently\nreleased study by two American\nbusiness researchers entitled\n\"Forewarned is Forewarned.\"\nDr. Michael Hitt and Dr. William\nZikmund, former colleagues at\nOklahoma State University, conducted a U.S.-wide research blitz\nsending 200 companies in a cross-\nsection of fields resumes of two\nMBA candidates, both feminists.\nWhen contacted by CUP, Hitt,\nnow director of Texas A and M's\nmanagement school, said the fin\ndings of the study were easily applicable to Canadian women.\nSome of the reasons made reference\nto doctoral theses done by the candidates on job discrimination\nagainst women. Others didn't.\nAmong these resumes, some included only the initials and surnames of\nthe candidates (leaving open the\npossibility that the candidate was\nmale).\nHitt and Zikmund found that\nresumes using initials, not names,\nreceived the same number of\nresponses whether the job\ndiscrimination thesis was mentioned, or not.\nBut when the resume clearly indicated that the candidate was\nfemale, she got more than twice as\nmany positive responses when the\nthesis was left out.\n\"We concluded that companies\nwere interested in hiring women,\nbut they were not interested in\nwomen who showed interest in job\ndiscrimination,\" said Hitt.\n\"The natural assumption is that\nthese companies don't want someone who potentially might take a\nlook at issues that could create problems,\" he said. \"You have equal\npay issues, comparable worth. Someone with an interest in feminism\nmight question a company's prac\ntices.\"\nIn other words, feminist can\nequal troublemaker and she should\nbe avoided regardless of her\nqualifications for the job.\nDr. Irene Devine, associate professor of Management is not surprised by the study's findings.\nShe is presently researching how\ncompanies are organized and how\nwomen fit into them.\n\"All organizations in society are\nfashioned after the male\nexperience,\" she said. \"Women,\nwith their own patterns of communication and styles of leadership,\nare scary to men.\n\"They (men) say these differences are not as good. It's\nminority,\" Devine said. \"When\nthey don't understand them\n(women and other minorities) they\ntend to exaggerate the differences\nand focus on them. So they favour\nhiring people \"just like us\", she\nsaid.\nDevine said women's behaviour\ngets labelled hysterical when she is\nemotional and aggressive when\nshe's assertive. \"When she's assertive on feminist issues, then she's\nlabelled hostile,\" Devine said.\nRaymond Cote, director of\nemployment at the Montreal aircraft and arms manufacturer Pratt\nand Whitney disagrees with the Hitt\nand Zikmund findings.\n\"We hire the people most\nqualified for the job,\" said Cote.\n\"If she is doing her job perfectly, it\ndoesn't matter that she is a member\nof . . . whatever. We don't care\nabout that.\"\nCote said Prat and Whitney have\nrecently started a program to try\nand hire more women.\nAccording to Devine, women\nrarely get influential positions in\ncorporations and are concentrated\nin go-nowhere jobs such as human\nresource people and personnel\nworkers.\nEven the women who do make it\ninto influential positions suffer\nfrom the way companies are\norganized said Devine.\n\"Who wants to go out for drinks\nwith the guys and talk about football,\" she said. \"But that's where\nthe decisions are being made.\"\nWARNING: Health and Welfare Canada advises that danger to health Increases with amount smoked \u00E2\u0080\u0094avoid inhaling. Average per Cigarette-\nExport \"A\" Light Regular \"tar\" 10.0 mg., nicotine 0.8 mg. King Size \"tar\" 10.0 mg., nicotine 0.8 mg.\nExport \"A\" Extra Light Regular \"tar\" 8.0 mg., nicotine 0.7 mg. King Size \"tar\" 9.0 mg., nicotine 0.8 mg."@en . "Newspapers"@en . "Vancouver (B.C.)"@en . "LH3.B7 U4"@en . "LH3_B7_U4_1986_03_27"@en . "10.14288/1.0128713"@en . "English"@en . "Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library"@en . "Vancouver : Alma Mater Society of the University of British Columbia"@en . "Images provided for research and reference use only. Permission to publish, copy, or otherwise use these images must be obtained from The Ubyssey: http://ubyssey.ca/"@en . "Original Format: University of British Columbia. Archives"@en . "University of British Columbia"@en . "The Ubyssey"@en . "Text"@en . ""@en .