"CONTENTdm"@en . "http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1211252"@en . "University Publications"@en . "2015-08-05"@en . "1962-02-21"@en . "https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/Ubysseynews/items/1.0125560/source.json"@en . "application/pdf"@en . " UBYSSEY\nVol. XLIV.\nVANCOUVER, B.C., WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 21, 1962\nNo. 57\nPeace, is it worth working for? Is it\nworth supporting? Is it worth supporting\nan Institution which plans to do \"Research\nfor Peace\"?\nLately we've been hearing quite a\nbit about a group calling itself the Canadian Peace Research Institute. This\ngroup, headed by ex-research scientist\nDr. Norman Z. Alcock, is at present conducting a fund raising drive.\nFrom the stories on pages two and\nthree of this issue we find Alcock, and his\ngroup, have evoked a variety of responses.\nIn some instances. Dr. Alcock has\nclearly outlined his proposals and his\nmethods of implementing them. On other\noccasions he could not give adequate\nanswers to many of the questions he had\nanswered earlier. Why?\nDr. Alcock is obviously a man of sincerity. On this point no one disagrees.\nMany, however, quarrel with his method\nof presenting the facts to back up his case\nfar peace research. He is often charged\nwith over-simplifying the problems of\ncommunicating with scientists of the communist bloc. Yet he has told many people\nhe is fully aware of the problems involved.\nHe is often accused of neglecting to\nmention the peace research already done.\nSuch is not the case. He recognizes it\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nand says it's not enough. He has stated\nseveral times that one of the first jobs the\nInstitute will have to undertake will be\nthe collection of the material already\navailable on the subject.\nIt has been said that Alcock is not a\nsocial scientist, and the work he plans to\ndo lies properly in the field of the social\nsciences. Alcock's answer: hire social\nscientists. f\nSkeptics say the Research Institute\nwill be infiltrated by communists. Alcock's\nsupporters say any such group is subject\nto infiltration. They are confident that\ntheir leaders can withstand any pressures\nbrought to bear on them.\nMany people maintain that the Insti\ntute will not be able to affect government\npolicy and is thus without practical value.\nAlcock has neatly side-stepped that one:\n\"Our material will go directly to the public, and it will pressure the government\ninto action, if it wishes action.\"\nAlcock's scheme of having all the\nfindings of the Institute published tor public consumption is a good one. Governments can then no longer keep important\nscientific information from the voters.\nGovernments may, indeed, be forced into\naction if they wish to stay in power. It\nAlcock's idea of public information is\nactually put into practice, his Institute will\nbe able to by pass the government it it\nso desires\u00E2\u0080\u0094if it is put into practice. This\ndepends on the men in the Institute.\nIt seems to us that a great many of\nAlcock's schemes depend on the men involved in them. They will depend on the\nmen doing the actual research. It the men\nare good the results will be good.\nThis seems to be Dr. Alcock's biggest\nproblem. Who's he going to hire? The Canadian Peace Research Institute is being introduced\nto Canadians by a non-practicing nuclear physicist Norman Z.\nAlcock. He quit his $15,000-a-yeaT job and spent his entire personal savings trying to establish a peace research institute.\nHe believes\u00E2\u0080\u0094rightly or wrongly\u00E2\u0080\u0094thai others will support his\ninstitute, others who want peace, and scientists working in\nthem can learn how to Ward off World War III.\n(Reprinted from McLeans)\nBy RALPH ALLEN\nOf all the riddles of man none has seemed so easy\nand proved so hard as the riddle of war and peace.\nHow can a race that apparently wants to survive stop\nattempting to destroy itself again and again and \u00E2\u0080\u0094\nperhaps this final time \u00E2\u0080\u0094 again?\nOne member of the species who believes he has\nfound a hitherto-- untried' answer is Norman Zinkan\nAlcock, a forty-three-year-old physicist of Oakville,\nOntario. Alcock has bet his life and his livelihood that\nscience, which has established its power to wipe us\nout, may also hkve the power to save us. In the determination to see the second power put' to greater use\nhe has quit a $15,000-a-year job in private business\nand invested his savings and his career in what he\nhopes will become an international network of Peace\n.Researph Institute.\nIn Alcock's dream the first Institute, already\nformed in Canada, will soon be follbwed by others\nall over the world: They will seek state support in\ntheir various countries on both sides of the iron cur-\n; tain, but will strrve for pplitifeal independence as state-\nsupported universities do. They will not try to supersede th* many -other, pacifist groups already in existence. Biit they'll differ in their approach. Tneir main\nconcern' will not be \"what is right?\" but \"what Will\nwork?\"\nVast area for exploration\nAlcock has concluded that what might work is a\nprograni of research based mainly on ttie social\nsciences and run-by a small and dedicated grbup' of\"\nspecialists. We spend hundreds of biHiona, Ms argument Ans, to build\" more missiles antf thehjWte sjb&M\nmore Urundreds of billions to build physical' debtees\nand hideouts against taem. But we spe%id almost asbrtt\ning to'shore up our slJeial defences, 4o seek1 ffc resft\nantidotes that lie in human attitudes.\nHire is a whole great \"terra intogniti\" &yt&&\nfor exploration, Albofcl? tA&ntains. A* him' spfeeSrlS-\nally wfiat he'd tatfk for there and Ae's ready wrfife\nexamples.\nSuppose the cold war ends. Suppose evfif$&iie\ndisarms and the efieieiSfce1 contracts rurfout. will $tf##e'\nagain be queues before the soup kitchens of Win\u00C2\u00BBfpeg\nand Toronto? Will apple salesmen reappear on Wifltf\nStreet? Will' England go' back oii the dfole? \"ISr\ntheory,\" Alcock says, \"disarmament should bring\nprosperity. In practice, it would to the East, wfiere\na transition to civilian goods would be a welcbrhe\nrelief from an overly austere life. But to the West,\nriding on a wave of affluence, it would brings a siumpL\nThis would not have to be so, if a way could be found\nfor diverting the West's surplus production.\n\"Logically, foreign aid is that way, bringing comfort to pfo'dfu'cW itt& cWfcrurtifer ailfce. \u00C2\u00A3ut to convince\nthe Welt th#\u00C2\u00A3 ft \u00C2\u00ABrfl gain ^edhofnieally by a tiansrtibri\nfront tfftras \u00C2\u00ABJ aifl win tiflte plans and data. These can\nonly come iron* extensive study.\"\nAnother key question that Alcock thinks cduld\nbe best examined by some uhcb'Mniitted, noh-pnlitieal\nagency is this: Htiw cari the etinsciehce tif the individual be recrtfite'd hi a cause higher than, \"My cbun-\ntry, right or wrdrig\"? Suppose, for instance, there's\na general agreement to stop working on a germ warfare and a Russian, ah American or a Canadian discovers his ctiuntry is cheating. Is there any way to\nmake it tibt dhly safe but respectable for such a person to report his suspicitins to some supranational\nauthority? Is there any way to have it established that\nloyalty to humanity is just as honorable as loyalty to\na nation?\nAlcock\u00E2\u0080\u0094disturbing facts\nSuppose someone sets off a nuclear missile\nthrough a genuine accident. Is there any way to identify it as ah accident in time to prevent the catastrophic chain reaction that otherwise would follow?\nAlcock has spelled out some of his ideas and\nproposals in a booklet called The Bridge of Reason.\nThe book is full of disturbing statements and reminders. \"Of the present U.S. defence budget of $40,000,-\n000,000 a sizable proportion is going to scientific\nresearch on methods of waging war. Yet time and\nagain the chairman of the Senate Disarmament Com\nmittee has sought an appropriation of $400,000 for\nstudies relating to disarmament, and time and again\nthe funds have been refused, though $400,000 is one\nthousandth of one percent of the annual defence\nbudget.\"\nAlcock quotes a U.S. Senate subcommittee as\nhaving said, in 1957 after nearly a dozen years of disarmament negotiations; \"No agency of the executive\nbranch has made efforts to ascertain the economic\nconsequences of a reduction \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 in armaments.\n. . . There are only six or seven persons who work\nfull time on disarmament in the State Department.\nThe subcommittee is struck by the disparity in the\neffort the world is putting into thought and action for\ncontrolling and reducing the armaments and the effort\ngoing into the -development, fabrication and build-up\nof armaments.\"\ni\nN& shelters at home\nAlthough there are alarming implications in\neverything he says, Alcock doesn't look alarmed at\nall. He smiles easily and talks pleasantly. He and his\nhandsome wife Patricia and their four children live\nin a ranibling big house oh the shore of Lake Ontario\nand there's a rambling wave-washed lot in front. It's\nan ideal' place for digging shelters but none of the\nfamily has even thought of digging. To hide would be\nthe negation' Of all1 that Alcock stands for; so would\nbe a meeR acceptance of doom.\n\"The next war is not inevitable at all,\" he says.\n\"It w-On't be easy to stop but it can be stopped.\"\nNotfman Alcock admits without rancor or self-\npity that he's had his ups and downs too, and his times\nof genuine doubt. After two years of quietly persistent\n$da2ih|f, His blueprint for a network of Peace\niSstm/teh has won a surprising amount of\nsu&i&rt. #k? greatest single lift cattie shortly after the\np^Mfcaf&bn a* year ago of his HftTe book.\n&0t Hi $fe 'bine he received a letter from forty-\n1sn\u00C2\u00A5^ye&\u00C2\u00A3-e^tf social service worker in Florida saying\n&e'\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0&&\u00C2\u00A7 sti fflfpt&sed that he was sending a donation.\n&rte#fe1y, Jm&i Griggs not only gave $6,000 from\nK& #&n Miings \u00E2\u0080\u0094 whidh like Aleock's own were\niM&SSt \u00E2\u0080\u0094 iSifi decided to move to Canada with his wife\nsti4 fotrr children to give what further help he eottld.\nNo# he livens hear the Alcd'eks in Oakvllle and helps\ntiiti the Peace Research Institute caihpalgti office ill\nToronto'. \"Julian Griggs has been Our greatest Supporter,\" Alcock says, \"rind his help came at the best\npossible time.\"\nPersonal assets dwindle\nAlcock's personal assets of $20,000 have disappeared since he quit his job with an American Manufacturing firm. In its first two years this, along with\nGrigg's $6,000 and another $1,500 in small donations\nfrom other wellwisHers, has been the Canadian Institute's only source of money. When the first 'fund-\nraising campaign is Completed he expects to go oh a\nmodest salary, along with the other full-time staff\nmembers that the Institute is able to enlist and sustain.\nThe Institute's ideas have already been endorsed\nby half a dozen oldfer and larger organizations. These\ninclude the Canadian Committee for the Control of\nRadiation Hazards; sparked by the remarkable yeuhg\nmodel and housewife of Edmonton, Mary van Stolk;\nthe movement called Voice of Women; the Combined\nUniversities Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament; and\nthe Society of Friends. AmOng Alcock's directors and\nactive workers are a former moderator of the United\nChurch, Dr. James S. Thomson; a former head of the\nWorld Health Organization, Dr. Brock Chisholm; a\nwealthy mining man, Dr. Franc Joubin, and a dozen\nwell-known radio, television and theatre people.\nThe fundamental hurdle, getting the co-operation\nof governments, is not insuperable, Alcock insists.\nOne key condition he envisages for his international\nchain of institutes is that they'll use only unclassified\ndata in their work. They won't seek to usurp or duplicate the functions of the United Nations or come\nwithin its framework. Being \"independent of their\nnational governments and of one another\" they'll\nwork closely \"with their individual departments of\nState and National Defence, through general directives or specific assignments.\" With these ground rules\nNORMAN Z. ALCOCK\npeace researcher\nset up he mairrtstins that \"national governments, rather\nthan resisting, will actually welcome proposals for\nPeace Research Institutes.\"\nCritics may say, He admits, that his plan is \"too\nambitions; that it is destined to failure because some\nportion of humanity will not respond.\"\nHe offers three answers to those who say the East\nwill not respond. \"First, we do not really know; they\nmight, so why hot find out? Second, while Russia and\nChina may hot, other countries in the Communist\norbit may \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Poland and Hungary for instance. Third,\nif a number Of neutral nations establish Peace Research Institutes and later one or two from the West\njoin in, it may not matter Whether or not the East\nfever joins. Yet is it reasonable to suppose that proud\nand powerful nations like China or Russia would stay\noutside for long?\"\nThough scientists aren't always considered to be\nmen of faith, it is precisely because of his scientific\nbackground that Alcock's faith in his idea remains\nso stubborn. As a young defence engineer at the National Research Council, Ottawa, and Great Malvern,\nEngland, he saw, and in a modest way, helped in, a\nnumber of unbelievable occurrences including the\ndevelopment of radar. Only a handful of men were\ninvolved in perfecting what the German Admiral Karl\nDoenitz described as, next to the atomic bomb, the\nmost decisive weapon of the war.\nThe same kihd of concentrated genius and devotion \u00E2\u0080\u0094 and the effort of \"the critical few\" \u00E2\u0080\u0094 can\naccomplish just as many dramatic and difficult things\nin the social sciences as it's accomplished so often in\nthe physical Sciences.\nThe people needed, though they may number\nonly a few hundred, won't be easy to find, Alcock\nconcedes.\n\"They must be possessed of a great sense of\nurgency . . . must be first and foremost internationally,\nnot nationally minded: professionally self-propelled\nand very competent . . . sufficiently foolhardy, or\ncourageous, to drop present quests and throw energies\nand reputations into a search for peace . . . ready to\ndo this for a minimum salary, or, in perhaps exceptional circumstances, no salary at all.\n\"Probably such men and women,\" Alcock goes\non, \"are only found in trace amounts in our scientific\npopulation \u00E2\u0080\u0094 one tenth or one fiftieth of one percent.\nNo matter, there may be just enough of them if they\nbut find each other.'' Pierre Berion\non CAPRI\nIn the days ahead you are\ngoing to be hearing more and\nmore about (and from) a cheerful pessimist named Dr. Norman Alcock.\nI call -him that because \u00E2\u0080\u0094\nthough the personality of this\nslight, dedicated scientist radiates a sort of matter-of-fact\ngood humour^\u00E2\u0080\u0094he is darkly\nrealistic about the fate of the\nworld.\n*. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\n\"We've got about 10 years,\"\nAlcock remarked cooly to me\nlast week. \"It's even money, I\nthink, that we won't make it.\"\nAlcock's qualifications for\n.believing this are fairly impressive. As a research scientist in both radar and nuclear\nfission, he has earned his niche\nin the college texts. It was he\nwho designed the radar antenna\nthat detected the core of Berlin for RAF Pathfinders. He\nco-founded a firm that harnessed the atom for industry; he\ndeveloped a nuclear device now\nin wide use. He's a $15,000-a-\nyear man \u00E2\u0080\u0094 or he was until\nhe quit cold two years ago.\nNow, when people ask him\nwhat he does for a living, he\nsays: \"I am consulting on how\nto engineer peace.\"\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2'\nIt is an unexpected answer\nto get from this hatless, casual\nman in the hornrimmed spectacles. Yet few people have\nBy PIERRE BERTON\ncalled him \"crackpot\" since he\nso obviously isn't one. In the\npast two years he has beggared\nhimself in order to work at his\nnewly chosen, unpaid profession. (Twenty thousand dollars\nin savings gone forever). But\nthe encouraging thing is that\nhe is no longer a voice in the\nwilderness. People have started\nto listen to Alcock because\nwhat Alcock says makes sense.\nThe core of Alcock's philosophy and the program that he\nenvisions is set out in a remarkable pamphlet titled \"The\nBridge of Reason.\" In this little\nbook Alcock sets out with\ngreat clarity the argument and\nplan of action for a Peace Research. Institute. There is nothing emotional about this pamphlet, and there is nothing\nvague about it. Month in and\nmonth out, while other people\nhave been worrying about\nbomb shelters, Alcock, with his\ncool scientist's mind, has been\nworking on a positive program\nto avert war.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 * *\nNow, he is ready to begin.\nIt is his intention to raise four\nmillion dollars this winter, and\nopen the first Peace Research\nInstitute in Canada with a staff\nof 55 this spring. I have every\nconfidence that he will succeed.\nAlcock's ideas, like most\ngreat ideas, were slow to germinate.\n\"A lot of things got churned\nover during the war,\" he explains. \"I remember being\nstruck by a remark made by\nBlackett (P. M. S. Blackett,\nNobel Prize-winner and a member of the team that developed\nradar) about two-thirds. of the\nworld being hungry and sick.\nIt hit me that .while we were\nworrying about winning the\nwar Blackett was worrying\nabout after the war. These\nthings continued to turn over\nin my subconscious.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 ,\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\n\"When the nuclear age eame\nI saw it, at first, only as an exciting event\u00E2\u0080\u0094something for a\nscientist to get into. I was reasonably immature on social\nproblems. But over the years\nsome of the things that had\nbeen in the back of my mind\n.moved up to the front.\n\"For one thing, I began to\nwonder about the physical\nsciences in relation to the social sciences and whether we\nweren't doing too much in the\nformer and not enough in the\nlatter.\n\"Research in physics falls\n* into four areas: First, there's\npure research and it seemed\nto me that we could do without\nthat for a while\u00E2\u0080\u0094after all,\neverybody has eyclotrons now.\nTheji there's military research,\nwhich is sinjply detrimental.\nIndustrial research in the West,\nis devoted (a) to a lot of frivolities we don't need, and (b)\nto building up the wealth of\nthe Western world and thus\naggravating a lot of social issues.\"\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 * *\nWhile Alcock was thinking\nthis through, the firm which\nemployed him moved to the\nUnited States and he was faced\nwith a basic choice. It was this\nthat triggered his \u00E2\u0080\u00A2remarkable\ndecision to get out of physics.\nAt first he wasn't sure what\nthe world's chief social problems were: Starvation? The\npopulation explosion? Or the\nthreat of nuclear war? As a\nscientist he soon realized that\nthe most imminent danger was\nworld destruction through nuclear holocaust. He decided to\ndevote all his energies to finding some way of investigating\nand solving the problems of\nwar and peace on a massive\nscale.\nAlcock soon discovered that,\nin odd nooks and crannies\nabout the globe, other intelligent men were also applying\ntheir thoughts to the same problem. But they were working in\na leisurely and scholarly fashion, part-time, without funds.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 *\n\"The trouble is we have to\nsolve this thing in five or 10\nyears\u00E2\u0080\u0094not 50,\" says Alcock.\n\"We can't treat this as a leisurely research .project. We're\n15 years late as it is anjl every\nmonth counts. What I envisage\nis a crash program. That's my\nbackground, after all- That's\nthe way we do it in physics,\nwhen we want to solve something.\nAnd thus Dr. Norman Z. Al\ncock's crash pr.Qgram>f or peace\nhas begun. 'Fortunately for him,\nthe conscience of the nation\nwas stirring at the .same time\nas his own. The;Jasttwo years\nin Canada hay* witnessed 3 remarkable renaissance of idealism such as we have not seen\nsince the mid-thirties. Six organizations: The Committee for\nthe Control of Radiation Hazards, the Universities' Campaign for -Nuqlear Disarmament, the Voice of Women, the\nSociety of Friends (Quakers),\nand the World Federalists have\nbeen groping for some alternative to nuclear disaster. Their\naims have seemed vague and\ndiffuse to many. Now Alcock,\nwith his program of concentrated research jpto the international causes of..war and tension, has .given them, a focus.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 * \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nAlcock now has these six organizations fully behind him,\ntogether with some pretty impressive personnel. His board\nof directors includes such people as Dr. Frapc Joubin, the\ngeologist who discovered uranium in Algoma; Dr. Kenneth\nBoulding, once head of McGill's\nEconomic Department; Dr.\nBrock Chisholm, former director of the World Health Organization; and Dr. James\nThomson, former Moderator of\nthe United Church of Canada.\nI think it heartening that\nthis movement which intends\nto become world wide, should\nhave had its beginning in Canada. And I think it likely that\nfuture history books inscribing the names of our heroes,\nmay write beside those of Best\nand Banting, Macdonald and\nLaurier, Graham Bell and Osier, the name of Norman Z.\nAlcock.\nThat is, if we survive at all.\nTwo editors\nlook at CAPRI\nBy ROGER McAFEE\nUbyssey Editor-in-Chief\nWhat kind of people are working in\nthe CAPRI office at the local level?\nWhy do they spend as much as 40 hours\na week \"on the job?\" Do they realjy\nbelieve in what they are doing? Do\nthey consider Dr. Norman Alcock a\ngood leader? Do they agree with all\nhis theories?\nIn an effort to find out I dropped into\nthe rambling West Georgia office with\nCommodore A.C.M. Davy, chairman of\nthe six-week local fund drive.\n\"People working for CAPRI are just\nordinary, everyday people. Few of\nthem are the types who jump from one\ncause to another. Most of them are just\nnormal, concerned people,\" he assured\nme.\nThe commodore said there were\nabout seven \"full-time\" people working\nin the CAPRI office. This \"full-time\"\nstaff is augmented by about 30 part-\ntime helpers.\nMany of the part-time workers are\nwomen who come in for a few hours\nper week and handle typing and mailing chores for the institute.\nCommodore Davy was the only man\nin the office when I visited. He explained, \"The women have more time during\nthe day than the men have. Men are\nstill the bread winners.\"\nThe commodore said he felt one of\nthe first jobs CAPRI would have to\nundertake would be gathering data on\nall peace research done by others and\nclassifying and analyzing through it.\ntackle a job which has hitherto been\nHow's a nuclear scientist going to\nconsidered the task of the social scientist? he was asked. The retired naval\nofficer replied that Dr. Alcock plans\nto hire social scientists as the first employees of the Institute.\nSalaries? \"The Institute plans to pay\nsalaries comparable to those paid by\nUniversities and research departments.\" the commodore explained.\nWill CAPRI have to appeal to the\npublic for support every year?\n\"This one canvass, if it reaches its\nobjective should mean the Institute wUl\nhave enough funds to keep it operating for four years,\" the -commodore\nsaid.\nWill the Institute establish provincial\nbranches after the initial canvass is\ncompleted?\nCommodore Davy sees the Institute\ndeveloping auxiliary bodies locally and\naiding the Institute's work by disseminating its findings.\nWhat about the bugaboo of communist infiltration? The commodore said\nhe is not too worried about communist\ninfiltration changing the Institute's purpose. He seemed to be under the impression that the principles of the men\nin the key positions within the group\nare unshakeable. He did, howeved express the fear that an infiltrator would\ndamage the group through an \"exposure\" of certain members of the Institute \u00E2\u0080\u0094 that is, by making untrue statements reflecting upon the integrity of\nthe Institute's leaders .\nMost of the workers seemed optimistic about Dr. Alcock and his problem.\nThey weren't however, all sheep.\nSome disagreed with Alcock's over-simplification of the topic. Many said they\nknew he didn't feel everything would\nbe as rosy as he predicted, especially\nin dealing with the Soviet Union. They\nsaid Alcock, in trying to make a complex problem simple, sometimes went a\nlittle too far.\nMost people I talked to, although enthusiastic, were able to evaluate it critically in terms of its aims and objectives.\nThey seemed to realize they were\nand would continue to come under fire\nfrom many who felt their group was\ntoo idealistic, too impractical. They\nseemed to realize they would be attacked by persons of widely varied political beliefs.\n\"We are a natural target for people\nfor both extremes,\" one of the group\nmembers said.\nBy FRED FLETCHER\nUbyssey News JEditor\nNorman Z. Alcock, founding fattier\nof the Canadian Peace -Research Institute, also known as CAPRI, newest\nplaything for the idealists, was faced\nwith a barrage of down-toTearth questions at the Academic \u00E2\u0080\u00A2Symposium .Feb.\n9 and 10.\nEarnest students and professors, not\nall of them skeptics or cynics, cornered the slim, bespectacled scientist\nseeking concrete answers to concrete\nquestions. By and large, they didn't\nget them.\nThe redoubtable Dr. Alcock always\nhad an answer, but the answer wasn't\nalways satisfactory. Too often he was\nvague, beating around the bush without getting the fox.\nAt the symposium, he called upon\nthe universities to lead the world out\nof its present problems. But, when confronted with the historical fact that\nuniversities and university people are\nconservative \u00E2\u0080\u0094 servants of society\nrather than leaders of it \u00E2\u0080\u0094 this dedicated gentleman could only purse his\nlips, sway back and forth in his characteristic manner and say it isn't too\nlate to start.\nDr. Alcock has clearly defined aims,\nbut no clearly defined methods. This\nmuch he admits. He was quoted\nrecently as saying that it was too early\nto spell out what kind of research his\ninstitute would be doing. \"When you\ncontribute to the Arthritis Foundation,\nyou don't ask for details of their research, do you?\" he is quoted as saying.\nJudging from the reactions at the\nsymposium, broad aims just aren'l\nenough for cautious university people\nThere were many who appeared t<\nwish they could throw their full support behind the institute, but who fee!\nthey can't until they are convinced 0:\nits value.\nAnd, unfortunately for the institute\nDr. Alcock couldn't convince them. .\nBut the picture-wasn't all that black\nThis intense, little man, similar in ap\npearance and stature to Tommy Doug\nlas, personally impressed many. Hi\nconvictions are unshakable. Not a nat\nurally good speaker, he has been im\nproving every time out.\nThis may be an indication that, see\ning the need for something more cor\ncrete to sell his idea, he'll produce\nprogram that will do the trick.\nit .was evident at the symposium tha\nhe was making mental notes of all th\ncriticisms and questions. His conceri\ntration on questions and the comment\nof others was often unbelievably ii\ntense.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0The man is impressive, and becon\ning more so. The idea is impressiv\nboth in scope and aims. But the pr<\ngram will have to be equally impress\nive before any large segment of th\nuniversity community can-be brougl\nto support it.\nThe institute will have to know wh\nit is going to hire and where it\ngoing to start.\nAnd, as a postscript, it will also ha\\nto worry about what it is going to d\nwith its results .when it gets them. Is RCMP out to get\nCUCND members?\nBy the Canadian University Press\nIs the Royal Canadian Mounted\nPolice force out to \"get\" the Combined\nUniversities Campaign for Nuclear\nDisarmament?\n''No,\" says the Force.\n\"The RCMP, as a police force in a\ndemocracy, has no particular official\ninterest in any organization in the\ncountry unless certain circumstances\nare apparent,\" explained a spokesman.\n\"More precisely, what we are concerned about,\" he added, \"is the infiltration and pressures which Communists can accomplish by using such\ngroups.\"\n\"We are interested in the 'knowns',\nthe Communist party workers who\nhave become associated directly or indirectly with such groups as the\nCUCND,\" he said.\n\"Our duty is to maintain the internal\nsecurity of this nation. Anyone who\nstudies international communism\nknows that infiltration is a threat to\na country's security.\"\nIn the past year, the name \"communist\" has been rigorously applied\nto the Combined Universities Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament activities and personnel. No substantiation\nfor these accusations is given, but the\nallegation is still made by those who,\nfor various reasons, dislike the organization.\nThe RCMP, in carrying out its duty\nof internal security, met with unfavorable publicity on a number of university campuses because of its methods.\nAt Laval University, the Mounties\nwere charged with acting like a secret\npolice force when they started to ask\nquestions about individuals in a nuclear disarmament group. The 35th\nCongress of the National Federation of\nCanadian University Students, in a\nresolution proposed by Laval, \"disap\nproved of the actions of an agent of\nthe RCMP with regard to the students\nat Laval interested in nuclear disarmament.\"\nAt McMaster, where the council\nrefused to grant official recognition to\nthe CUCND chapter, it was revealed\nthat the RCMP had aiso made inquiries\nthere.\n\"It would be nice if the RCMP could\ncarry out its enquiries without having\nto question, not only university students, but citizens in any other walk\nof life,\"- said the spokesman. \"However, the RCMP is not gifted with\noccult powers; they do not have second\nsight, and, being human, most of their\ninformation must be obtained by asking questions.\"\n\"Surely no Canadian can object to\nbeing asked to assist the Force in this\nmanner,\" he asked, \"provided of course\nhis rights are always protected and he\ncompletely understands that he is not\nrequired to give such information?\"\n\"It has not been Combined Universities Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament under investigation,\" emphasized\nthe spokesman. \"It has been individuals associated directly or indirectly with it.\"\nThe only true evidence of Commu\nnist association with CUCND has been\nat the University of Toronto, where\nDanny Goldstick, a professed Communist, was instrumental in the group's\nformation.\nGoldstick was expelled from the\nToronto CUCND chapter last term because he is a Communist, supporting\nthe nuclear explosions of the Soviet\nUnion. This was taken as being in contradiction to the terms of membership\nin CUCND and he was expelled.\nPolice investigation has shown the^\nfacts to be that a communist conspiracy does exist in Canada, as in\nevery other country. This conspiracy\nanticipates taking control of the country and setting up a communist regime.\nWhile the communists today profess\npublicly that they hope to attain their\nmeans in a democratic way, their\nearlier utterances were to .the effect\nthat control could only be seized by\nforce and violence. Whatever the communists may say today, the works of\nLenin- are still their bible, and the program laid down by Lenin for world\ndomination is one of conspiracy, revolution, deceit, force, violence, and civil\nwar. No- communist has ever denied\nthat is the source of communist truth.\nMARDI GRAS\nand\nROLF HARRIS\nBy HOLDEN CAULFIELD\nThe other day I saw a real depressing sight; I really did. I was at this\nhere Pep Meet in the gym where they\nwere celebrating or advertising for\nsome stupid dance called the Mardi\nGras. It was supposed to last for two\nnights or something. A real big deal.\nAnyway, I was sitting in the gym\nwith about fifty million other guys\nlistening to the band trying to play\nthis phony jazzy stuff and waiting for\nthe Kings and Queens of the Mardi\nGras and all. Then this big hairy\nAustralian guy with glasses came\nbounding out like a kangaroo or some\nother goddam beast. He was supposed\nto be some big deal comedian or something. I don't mean that he wasn't\nfunny or anything like that; sometimes he was phony as hell, but usually\nhe was real funny. He was always\npointing at these loud guys in the\naudience and all. That killed me.\n. The trouble was he kept trying to\nbe a perverty sort of guy lifting up his\nleg and talking in this high squeaky\nvoice and all. All the stupid bastards\nsitting in the audience were trying to\nbe witty as hell, seeing who could be\nthe first one to laugh at this Australian\nguy's corny jokes, and making these\ngoddam boring comments. What a\nbunch of phonies. What really depressed me, though, was all these\ndames in the audience snickering and\nblushing and giggling at all his sexy\njokes when they didn't even know\nwhat he was talking about-half the\ntime.or else they pretended they were\nhearing it for the first time. That made\nme real sad\u00E2\u0080\u0094it really did.\nAlt a very big deal!\nAnyway, this Australian guy with\nglasses was supposed to be master of\nceremonies and introduce all the Kings\nand Queens of the Mardi Gras and\nthey'd come out all dressed up and\ndo a little stunt and wave at the audience and they'd applaud like hell \u00E2\u0080\u0094\nall very big deal. Some of the Kings\nand Queens were real neat and all, but\nsome were so damn phony that I got\nbored. Some of the Kings were trying\nto be real sexy and perverty like the\nAustralian guy with glasses but all\nthey did was show their ignorance.\nSome of the Queens were real pretty\nbut some were sort of homely \u00E2\u0080\u0094 I\neven felt sorry for some of them when\nthe goddam stupid audience didn't\neven applaud, for God's sake. When\nthat happened, I felt depressed as hell.\nThe Mardi Gras is put on by all the\nfraternities and sororities and they are\nsupposed to make a lot of money and .\ngive it to the crippled kids to make\nthem happy and all. At first that made\nme feel real neat, but after I started\nthinking about it I got depressed as\nhell \u00E2\u0080\u0094 what a phony excuse. All these\nphony guys in the frats. and sororities\nare all rich as hell anyway \u00E2\u0080\u0094 half of\nthem have fathers that are millionaires, for God's sake. Instead of giving\nall their money to the little crippled\nkids they have to have, a big deal\ndance so they can have a real booze\nand get sexy and all. God, that's a\nlousy excuse\u00E2\u0080\u0094it really is.\nLaughs meet little king\nWhat really made me depressed,\nthough, was when they brought this\nlittle crippled kid right up onto the\nstage. I nearly puked. The stupid bastards in the audience didn't know\nwhether it was a joke or not; some of\nthem were laughing and some looked\nas uncomfortable as hell scratching and\nall. That was one time when this big\nAustralian was really phony. He kept\nsaying, \"This is serious . . . this is very\nserious . . . this is serious now,\" for\nabout an hour and a half. I could've\npuked. Some of the stupid bastards in\nthe audience thought that was real\nfunny and they were laughing all the\ntime they were wheeling this little\ncrippled kid in his wheelchair right\nup onto the damn stage. God, I almost\nstarted to cry. These two big deal frat\nguys were wheeling this kid along\ntrying to be real friendly and all, you\ncould almost hear them saying, \"How\nare you, Timmy, old bean?\" and all\nthat buddyroo sort of stuff. Then there\nwas a real hush in the audience for\nonce while all the phonies on the stage\nstopped running around and this one\nfrat guy said some nice stuff about\nTimmy should be the real King of the\nMardi Gras and all the money should\ngo to a worthy cause and all. I sort\nof liked what that frat guy said but\nsomehow it didn't sound right. I don't\nknow why but I almost started to cry.\nWhen this frat guy said all that crap\nabout making Timmy King and all, the\nstupid bastards in the audience started\nto clap like hell, for God's sake. They\njust had to or they would have started\nto bawl or puke \u00E2\u0080\u0094 it was sure easy\nto see that some of the phonies sure\nwished they weren't around.\nGod, did I ever feel sorry for that\nfrat guy trying to be sincere and all.\nI even felt sorry for the Australian\nguy with glasses. Was I ever depressed\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094 I really was. It was sure funny,\nthough, because I didn't feel sorry for\nthe crippled, kid at all. It was easy to\nsee that he was a real neat little guy\nand he was sure getting a bang out of\nit all. But what do you expect? He was\njust a little kid, for cripes sake. He\ndidn't know what was going on, but\nhe was sure excited and getting a kick\nout of it all. When I just looked at\nhim I didn't feel so bad \u00E2\u0080\u0094 he was such\na cute little kid. Right then I wished\nhe would come up and sit beside me\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nI really did. Gee, that would've been\nneat. But then I thought how all the\nphony slobs sitting around me would\nprobably get scared as hell seeing that\nwheelchair and him all crippled and\nthen they'd sneak out or something.\nOr maybe they'd all flock around and\nstare and try to say these phony\nfriendly things like, \"Hi, Timmy. How\nare you today?\" That would scare hell\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2. 3\nout of me, for God's sake. People are\nso damn phony.\nThen they even tried to make the\nlittle kid say something. You could\nsure tell he didn't want to say anything. All he said was, \"Thank you\nvery much,\" or something like that.\nHe was just a little kid, for cripes sake.\nThen these two big deal frat guys\nstarted wheeling the cute crippled kid\naway and all the time they were trying to be so goddam careful and\nfriendly and all \u00E2\u0080\u0094 they sure were\nnervous. When they took him away, I\ngot depressed as hell. I really did.\nAll the phony guys in \"the audience\nwere scratching and whispering and\nbeing uncomfortable as hell, until the\nbig Australian guy with glasses started\nto shoot the bull again. I damn near\npuked. You could tell right away he\ncouldn't wait to get back to being sexy\nand perverty and all. The audience\ncouldn't wait either; the whole lot of\nthem were nervous as hell. The trouble\nwas he didn't wait. Right away he\nstarted trying to be sexy and perverty\nand all, and the audience started\nlaughing right away. They were just\ntrying to forget about the cute little\nkid, for cripes sake. I almos \ cried.\nGod, I felt sad. Dave Edgar views Russia\nIMi Ml Ml IMIUI AS MTICM1SMS'\nBy DAVE EDGAR\n1960-61 AMS President\n(as told to V. J. Scott)\nAfter spending a month touring the more important cities, youth organizations, and institutions\nof higher learning with the first delegation of Canadian university exchange students to the USSR, I\ncame to the conclusion that the human mind, under\nstern and unyielding discipline of propaganda experts,\nban be rendered as malleable as the mechanism of\nrobots in.the hands of skilled technicians.\nSoviet administrators of education and educators\nare aware of this and, in an effort to minimize the\ndanger of strong, individual minds asserting themselves to the detriment of the State, have instituted\ntheir conception of Russia's ideal \"new man.\"\nThe concept of the new man is insinuated into all\ndomestic propaganda; it is the basis of the USSR's\neducational system from primary school up; it is the\nalpha and omega of everyday life.\nThe first part of the new man concept is commendable. The new man must be honest, reliable,\nskilled, resourceful, and highly educated. But t h e\nsecond part, debasing the fine tenets of the first, demands that this honest, reliable, skilled, and highly\neducated individual must be so trained and prepared\nmentally as to inherit a true communist society. He\nmust be willing at all times to sacrifice himself for\ncommunism, and subject himself, unquestioningly, to\nthe communist way of life and ideology.\nWhen I talked with the average Russian about the\nnew man concept, he seemed only aware of the obvious benefits which would accrue from his own and\nothers' honesty, reliability, and so on, without giving\nconsideration to the demoralizing effect his total subjection to the state, and loss of his own individuality\nwould'have on his power to reason fairly, freely, and\nintelligently without direction from the ruling powers.\nOur deligation knew little of the new man concept when we first arrived in Moscow on a lovely,\nsunny morning in May of last year. The idea was\ngradually transmitted to us during our tour. We could\naot escape it.\nIdeas graciously rejected\nOne girl and five men made up our delegation\njf Canadian university students to Russia. The girl\nwas a sociology student from the University of Sas-\notchewan. The others included a French-Canadian\nstudying engineering at the University of Montreal;\ni medical student from McGill; a post graduate from\nhe University of Toronto, who was an expert on\nsoviet affairs, and spoke fluent Russian; the president\n>f NFCUS, who was a student in law at the Univer-\n;ity of Saskatchewan, and I, who had just graduated\nn law from UBC.\nIn Moscow we were met at the train depot toy\nifficials from the Student Council of the USSR. The\nest of the welcoming, procedure was typical of the\nottern to be followed in other cities we visited.\nAfter introductions, we would be driven to our\nntourist hotel, turn our passports over to hotel of-\nicials, and then have the special meal, already pre-\niared for us, which would be served in the hotel din-\nng room.\nDuring the day of our arrival, we would usually\nleet with the president and several members of the\nost Youth Organization in their offices. We would sit\nround a long table in the centre of which would ba\nencils, paper, and the ever-present bottles of Rus-\nian mineral water, flavored with lemon, or straw-\nerry, which are considered healthful.\nOur opinion would be asked on several subjects,\nnd then suggestions called for regarding our itiner-\nry. We often requested that some small change be\nlade such as that we see a hospital instead of a fac-\n>ry, or that we be given a little more time to our-\n;lves. These suggestions were always graciously re-\naived and, just as graciously for some some reason\nr other, put aside. Apparently everything had been\nloroughly prepared for us before we arrived and it\nas seldom that we deviated from the original plans.\nCasual chats discouraged\nAn interpreter and a guide were assigned to us\ni Moscow for the duration of our stay in the USSR,\noth were university graduates, good looking, and\nrobably in their late twenties. They were friendly\nit inclined to be wary of us, watchful of anyone who\nied to speak to us unofficially, and anxious to cre-\ne a good impression of their country. They did not\nle us to go sightseeing by ourselves. Informal, un-\nanned meetings were more than discouraged, and\ni student ever dropped in on us for a casual chat.\nI found Moscow to be an imprsssive city. It has\nbeautiufl buildings, some with tall spires, others ornately decorated as wedding cakes. Wide roads seem\nto have been built with an eye to the future when\ncars for the general population are more plentiful than\nat present. There are scores of recently built apartment houses.\nIn the rush to provide housing quarters for their\npeople, the Russians are not so much concerned with\nbeauty as with shelter. Even though some of these\nmodern buildings are already disintegrating, they\nmaintain that \"it is better to have poor shelter than\nnone at all.\"\nOur guide pointed out St. Basil's Cathedral in\nRed Square which is now used as a museum; the\nmausoleum where, until recently, the bodies of Lenin\nand Stalin were on display for the hundreds of people\nwho paused to pay their respect each day, and Gum's\ngreat department store. But I remember Red Square\nfor the incident which occurred there to one of our\ndelegation which was to us both startling and embarrassing.\nOur student had wandered away from the group\nfor a moment and whether the harassed looking man\nwho approached him with a letter in his pocket for\nthe American Embassy, and 200 rubles for the student\nif he delivered it, came of his own accord or was sent\nto test our integrity, we never found out. But our\nstudent refused the offer as tactfully as he could under the circumstances.\nPraise\u00E2\u0080\u0094to young worker\nSoviets seldom waited for us to pass an opinion\nof our own about any point of interest being shown\nus without precipitating our remarks with \"Don't you\nthink that is a magnificent building?\" or \"Don't you\nthink this is an excellent idea?\" After we had said\nwhat we intended to say, they would always, without\nexception, launch into praise for the young worker.\nI once asked why it was that only young workers\nwere praised, and what happened to the old ones. I\nwas assured that old workers were well provided for,\nand happy. j\nNo matter where we went, what we saw, the\nyoung worker was always praised. Toward the end of\nour trip we had grown so accustomed to it that it was\ndifficult to keep from smiling.\nI think that our interpreter, usually stony-faced\nthrough his translations, must have caught the humor\nof the situation because once in the middle of a translation of praise for- the young worker, and despite his\ntraining, he paused, and grinned helplessly. But the\nlapse was only momentary. He straightened his face\nquickly, and resumed his work to the end.\nAnother impressive area in Moscow is a natural\nelevation point from where we could look down over\nthe city. Immediately below this vantage point is the\nLenin Athletic Centre which includes a stadium which\nseats over 100,000 .people, a hockey arena, and a stadium for indoor sports.\nAbout a mile back of this ridge, on the edge of\nthe city, is the main building of the Moscow University. Russian devotion to education is exemplified in\nthis magnificent building which boasts the tallest spira\nin Moscow. It houses about 3,000 of the 22,000 students\nattending.\nEducation free to student\nUniversity education in Russia is free, and students\nare paid while attending according to their needs and\nability. Entrance to Moscow University is based on the\nresults of entrance examinations. The requirements\ndepend on the field of study undertaken. Very often,\nas in most institutions in the Soviet Union, preference\nis given to those 'students who have labored one or\ntwo years after high school.\nThe idea of students working in the labor field\nbefore continuing their studies has two purposes, first:\nto give the student an idea of the practical life, and\nappreciation of hard physical labor before entering\nthe field of higher education. Second: to put to work\nfor the benefit of the country an extra labor force\nwhich would be lost if all students went straight to\nuniversity from high school.\nWe talked with some of the students and discovered that they are eager for first hand knowledge of\nother countries and their customs.\nThe questions fired at us followed a set pattern\nsuch as: \"How much do you earn in Canada?\" \"Have\nyou got a T.V.?\" \"Do you own your own car?\" \"Where\ndo you go on vacation?\" \"How often do you have your\nhair cut?\" \"Do you pay for your own university education?\" \"How many rooms in your flat?\" \"Oh, you\nhave a house! Well, how many rooms in your house?\"\nOne student asked a totally unexpected question.\n\"Why,\" he said, smiling, \"has Canada the highest rate\nof unemployment in the world?\"\n.He had not thought of that by himself. He had\njust read it in \"Time\" magazine. \"'Time\" is not circulated in Russia but we happened to have a copy\nin our possession. \,\nThe question of how other countries react to\nreligion is ever in their minds. Though we seldom\nbrought up the subject ourselves, we could depend\non it being asked by someone. The question was:\n\"Do you believe in God?\" '\nReligious freedom \u00E2\u0080\u0094 yes\nMy answer to this was, \"The important thing ia\nwhether or not I am free to believe in Him. Do you\nfeel that you have religious freedom in Russia?\"\nThe answer was usually an emphatic \"yes.\"\nOne student explained: \"Our churches are open\nto any who care to attend. That only old people go\nto church indicates the inability of religion to meet\nthe problems of modern society.\"\nAn artist who was painting the harsh, down-to-\nearth stuff that the USSR demands of its successful\ncontenders in that field, observed dryly: \"Bad gov- \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nernment and religion are brothers. Eliminate religion\nand you eliminate bad government.\"\nIt is obvious that the young people of Russia today associate the church with Russia's pre-revolution\nmiseries. They feel that religious services are archaic,\nuseless, fraught with superstition.\nBefore ending our four-day stay in Moscow, we\nattended a grade six history class. The history period\nwas preceded by a resume of current world affairs\nin which the USSR played the dominant role of defender of the peace, and the capitalist countries- were\nrelegated to the part of the \"big, bad wolf.\"\nThe children, ranging in age from 10 to 12, were\nall in uniform. They appeared well fed, happy and\npaid strict attention to what was being taught. After\nthey had listened to and taken part in what I could\nonly call the day's propaganda, the history lesson be^\ngan.\nFrom Moscow, we flew to Kiev, which is the\ncapital of the Ukraine. Whether it was that I was beginning to get the feel of the Soviet Union, or that\nthis city reminded me of Montreal, I felt more comfortable there than in Moscow. The people seemed\nmore naturally friendly, more cosmopolitan. They did\nnot, as happened several times in Moscow, question\nus with intent to embarrass.\nPropaganda for party\nWe spent four days in Kiev,_and were shown\nsome of the beautiful parks in which soft music of\nthe classical style was played through loud speakers,\nand interrupted periodically with bulletins of some\nprogressing, or new achievement, accomplished in the\nglorious land of the USSR by its devoted workers.\nThis technique, extensively used in the Soviet\nUnion, is a form of propaganda to keep the people\nalways aware of the efforts made on their behalf by .\nthe communist party.\nAnother place of interest which we were shown\nin Kiev, was a tractor factory. The factory was clean,\nwell organized, and efficiently fun. It was interesting,\nhowever, not for its efficiency or output, but for the\npropaganda methods used to spur the workers on to\ngreater and more effective efforts.\nSlogans and posters were seen everywhere. In\nshort concise phrases they glorified the position of the\nworker in the Soviet society and emphasized what\nan honor and privilege it was to labor on behalf\nof the Communist State. Themes such as how much\nthe state was doing for the worker, and how much\nbetter off the worker was now than before, as well\nas recent advances of the Soviet Union, were much in\nevidence.\nWe saw a display of pictures featuring workers\nin the factory who had performed outstanding service. There were those who had greatly surpassed their\nproduction quota, others who had been absent-free\nfor a record length of time, and some whose suggestions had resulted in a time, or material, saving for\nthe factory. These workers, many of them women,\nwere known as \"heroes.\"\nStalingrad, which is a thoroughly Russian city,\nwas our next stop. Well known for its wartime stand\nagainst the Germans, Stalingrad still bears the war's\nugly scars. Large areas remain to be reconstructed.\nIt impressed me as a bleak city with shattered buildings, and gaping holes, for some reason left untouched\nas if to remind residents and visitors of the miseries\nsuffered during the war years.\nThere seems no joy in this city. The people have\na dejected, almost haunted air about them as if they\ncould not forget the past, and are little interested in\nthe future. They move at a slower pace than in other\n(Continued over page) \u00C2\u00AB Dave Edgar views Russia\nOfflfM\n\" places we visited and, in my opinion, i*^wtll take: more\n'. material -reconstruction Uy bring hope and cheer back\nto their hearts.\nAs almost half of our time in the USSR was over,\nwe were given a period of relaxation at the beautiful\n' health and holiday resort of Soche which is situated\nonthe Black Sea coast, at the foot of the Great Caucasian Range.\nStudents under strain\nWe needed a rest because since our arrival we\nhad been under considerable strain. We were not\nvisiting Russia as casual tourists on vacation but for\nthe purpose of exchanging academic and cultural\nideas with Russian students. We were there too, to\npromote, if possible, an understanding and friendship\namong -the various student bodies and youth organizations. We had to be on guard all of the time so as not\nto* do or say anything which might antagonize the\nSoviets and ultimately embarrass our own country.\nIt was, curious to find that while the Soviets were\nfully aware of the history and current political activity in other countries than their own, their knowledge\nof foreign political systems indicated a shallow understanding. They talked by rote rather than by reason.\nAn interesting incident occurred one day in the\nhills back of Soche. We were driving with our guide\nand interpreter, when we noticed a stockily built, elderly man dressed in khaki shorts and shirt, and\ncarrying a rough hiking stick, walking along the road\ntoward us. As he drew near, I could see that his body\nwas tanned, his hair grey, and that he had an open,\npleasant face. An old worker I thought, enjoying leis-\n: ure and peace in his declining years.\nBut byr guide excitedly stopped the car. \"He may\ntalk to us,\" he said. He and the interpreter got out of\nthe car and went toward the man. A few moments\nlater we were-being introduced to no other than\nMarshal Voroshilov.\nAt ;the time of our meeting, Voroshilov was one\nof the .most highly regarded elder statesmen in the\nUSSR. .Alwsftys an-outstanding military figure, he had\nbeen a (leader during the revolution, and prior to his\nretirement, :May 7th, I960, he was chairman of the\nPresidium of the Supreme Spviet. This^ in effect is\nSoviet Hepdflf State. Honors and some of the highest\nSoviet awards were heaped on him when he retired\nfrom duty.\nVoroshilov on road\nHe welcomed us in a strong, resonant voice, and\nwished us well in his country.\nI have wondered since if he had any inkling that\nhe was so soon to be discredited in the country he had\nserved so well by Khrushchev's diatribe at the 22nd\nParty Congress. I remember him yet, his smile, as he\nfinally turned away and continued his walk.\nFrom (Soche we flew to Tbilisi which is south and\neast of the holiday resort. Tbilisi is the capital of\nGeorgia which was Stalin's state. Here the Turkish\ninfluence in the people is obvious in their olive skin,\ndark hair and eyes. |\nTbilisi is one of the Soviet Union's major wine\nproducing areas, and the people spare no effort to\nimpress the visitor with the excellence, abundance,\nand effectiveness of their local produce.\nWe did the usual round of meetings in Tbilisi and\nthen visited one of the art centres.\nAn officially accepted artist is no longer an artist\nin Russia. He is a worker conforming with all other\nworkers. His paintings depict what is understandable\nto the masses, and considered beneficial to the country. There are few inspirational works to delight the\nmind and trigger the imagination.\nWe were driven about 50 miles out of Tbilisi to\nsee a wine producing collective farm which comprises\nthe farming area of about 4,000 people. The people\nlive in the village nearby and work the land and\nfruit together. The purpose of this is to co-ordinate\nthe effort of farmers who make up this particular\ncollective.\nBut the farmers of the collectives are a more\nindependent breed than industrial or factory workers\nlaboring under similar managerial conditions. While\nthey generally are assured of a comfortable living\nunder the collective system, they do not always appreciate it. For this reason the state sometimes gives\nthem the right to sell privately any produce over and\nabove a set quota.\nAbout three o'clock we stopped f o r a special\nluncheon prepared for us in the village. We sat at a\nlong table with about a dozen local workers, and\nsome of the staff who had hosted the affair.\nThe table was laden with a variety of cheeses,\nhot and cold meats, different breads including the\ntraditional black bread, caviar, salads, cucumbers and\nsour cream. {Russians seldom indulge in sweets at\nmeals.) Our glasses were kept filled with a thick,\nheavy and rather pleasant wine which was a product\nof the farm, and potent.\nOur host proposed a toast to our health with a\ngood three ounces of vodka, explaining the Georgian\ntradition of draining the glass to the bottom every\ntime one drinks. He followed this custom religiously\ntoast after toast and we were obliged to follow.\nThough we expected to see more of the farm\nafter lunch, that was impossible. The luncheon lasted\nfive hours. The Russians took it in shifts but we Canadians sat through the entire ordeal. It was eight\no'clock in the evening when we finally rose from the\ntable\u00E2\u0080\u0094how I don't know\u00E2\u0080\u0094and were driven to our\nhotel. There was no talking that night. We slept.\nCup raised repeatedly\nIn the morning, our host, was ready with brandy.\n\"It is an old Georgian custom,\" he explained, as he\nfilled our glasses, \"of ridding ourselves of the ill effects of the previous day.\"\nShortly after breakfast we were driven back to\nTbilisi. Apparently no further sightseeing of the collective farm had been arranged.\nWe continued our journey from Tbilisi and arrived in the Central Asian city of Tashkent. Located\nclose to the Afghanistan border, Tashkent is considered to be one of the oldest cities in the world. The\narchitecture provides a stark contrast between eastern\nand western styles. The old part of the city is dominated by low slung mud adobe style huts, while the\nnewer part boasts of those advancements which exist\nin present day Soviet construction.\nThe people of Tashkent were the most receptive\nto visitors that we met. They were extremely interested in any tourists and it was not uncommon, when\nstanding in front of our hotel, to find ourselves surrounded by a group of people. They would question\nus through a local resident who could speak English\nand was glad to have the opportunity of practising\nthe language.\nA relatively large proportion of the people in\nTashkent are Moslem. We found, when we visited the\nuniversity, that efforts to combat what religion\nexists in this area have been made by establishing\nin the history department of the university a division\nfor atheistic affairs.\nThis division teaches subjects on religion, and\nreligious philosophy, generally with a view of supplying students with arguments to counter arguments against orthodox religious thought. Many of\nthese students will ultimately become teachers, and\nthe teachers will be well equipped to develop in the\nyounger generation the tenets of Communist ideology.\nThe new man\u00E2\u0080\u0094a question\nIt was in Tashkent that I was struck with the\nfull magnitude of the U.S.S.R.'s -\"new man\" concept.\nI experienced the uncomfortably sensation of being\ncaught between floors in an elevator shaft. What sort\nof new man will eventually emerge from this vast\ntraining ground when the millions of people with\ndifferent ideas, customs, religions, and philosophies\nnow living there have been moulded to the conformity of one ideology.\nOnly time\u00E2\u0080\u0094if there is enough time\u00E2\u0080\u0094can answer\nthat.\nWe returned to Moscow for another four days\nspent in visiting more educational and youth centres\nsuch as the Moscow Sports Centre, Moscow Institute\nof Municipal Engineering, Moscow Technical Institute,\nand the Moscow University.\n- At this time we met again with the Student\nCouncil of the U.S.S.R. for formal talks. We laid the\ngroundwork for what we hoped would be more extensive and longer termed exchanges between students\nof the U.S.S.R. and Canada. ' ' '\nLeningrad was the last city on our list. It is considered by many to be the most beautiful city in\nRussia, and among the most beautiful in the world.\nThere is a spirit in Leningrad which makes the\npeople more understanding and receptive of ideas.\nThis liberalism is something upon which the people\nthere pride themselves, and it was evident to most\nmembers of our group.\nWe left the Soviet Union the same way we arrived, by train running between Leningrad and\nHelsinki. The trip was quiet and uneventful. For\nme most of the journey was spent trying to sort out\nand clarify in my own mind my impressions of the\ncountry. In particular, I thought about the achievements of the Soviet people to which for the past\nmonth we had been constantly exposed.\nThe advances made in the U.S.S.R. during th\npast forty years cannot be denied: To what exten\nthe communist form of government is responsibl\nfor these advances is a matter of academic specul;\ntion. Undoubtedly the burning Russian nationaiisr\nhas had much to do with it. But my journeys throug\nthe Soviet Union left me more concerned with t*\nfuture than with the past.\nThe economical and political effectiveness of dj<\ntatorial government are brought to the Soviet Unio\nby the Communist system. But such a system require\ncertain sacrifices by the people. They must be willya\nto work for the State, and to subject themselves '\nthe State. They must be willing to give up certai\nfreedoms, privileges, and rights. Without such s?.\nrifices the system cannot work.\nMost in the West would not make these sacrifice\npartly because our political training does not alio\nit, but mostly because there is no obvious need for i\nIn the U.SS.R., however, Russian history will easi'\nshow the past need, and Soviet education and prop\nganda systems provide present day willingness.\nThe West, then, faces competition from th\nfiercely nationalistic, highly dedicated, and well-c\nganized people. This, for me, is a frightening pre\npect, the more so since having had the opportuni\nof seeing our opponents in their own environmei\n'New' students\nBy LYNN McDONALD\nSocial Work I\n\"There are many workers fleeing the imperiali\nof West Berlin for East Germany.\"\n\"What is the cause of the economic stagnation\nEast Germany?\"\n\"There's a shortage of workers.\"\n\"What about the workers who have come in fr<\nthe West?\"\n\"What do you think of this statue of Lenin?\"\nThe above is part of a conversation I had 1\nsummer with a PhD student at Moscow Universi\nIt shows that the wishful thinking of the West\nthat Soviet students would lead their country aw\nfrom the narrow party line \u00E2\u0080\u0094 is just that: wish\nthinking.\nAccording to this theory, Soviet students\nsupposed to apply their analytically trained mi)\nto see the contradictions in their own system. 1\nthey don't.\nOf course material written from a western vi-\npoint or any non-party viewpoint is not available\nthe Soviet Union. The only \"western\" newspape\nsaw was the Daily Worker.\\"But,\" I was told, '\nnot the workers tell the truth that the capita\nbosses deny?\" Dickens is the major representative\nEnglish literature.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\n\"Not everything that is true is good for\npeople,\" goes the usual rationalization for censors!\nAnd apparently the government is the only body t\nto determine what is both true and good.\nOr, so I was told time after time on my trif\nthe Soviet Union last summer. I was travelling v\n12 other students, American capitalists all. We w\nto Leningrad, Moscow, Kiev and Lvov.\nThroughout the trip we were hospitably recei\nand lavishly indoctrinated. The only people we fo\nhard to get along with were the official guides\nofficial students delegated to meet us.\nTo be a student two things are necessary: br;\nand membership in the Young Communist Lea;\nThe second requirement does not imply that you\na fervent believer in Communism, only that\nattend a political meeting once a week.\n\"I don't have anything against Americans,\nstudent once told me, \"but to stay in favor I'll\nnounce anything on Wednesday nights.\"\nThe most significant characteristic about\nSoviet student is his love of money and what it\nbuy. The student class in Russia is second onl;\nthat of the higher governmental echelons, and\ngreater security of tenure.\n\"How much does your government pay yoi\ngo to university?\" is the favorite question of\nSoviet student.\nBut even those in the commercial subject\nSoviet study, the applied sciences, receive some\ncation in the humanities \u00E2\u0080\u0094 there are compul\ncourses in the history of the Communist Party\nthe philosophy of atheism. W. J. STANKIEWICZ\nAssociate Professor of Political Science\nBook reviews, particularly in scholarly journals, -\nwe become a sorry business. Confronted with newly\niblished books, an editor faces the problem of how\nfind competent and honest reviewers for them,\n/en if he is not pressed for time and prone to discard the suitability of the prospective reviewers,\n; may often prove wrong in' his choice. More often\nan not, the critical appraisal for which the reviewer-\nis been asked to use his expert knowledge and judg-\nent does not do the book justice. It is too perfunn-\nry, or too flippant, or too one-sided and uninformed,\n_;it is a mere expansion of the publisher's blurb.\n.1 too often it advances the reviewer's pet idea and\nsregards the intentions of the author and the values\nhis book. Seemingly unaware of the scholarly ef-\nrt that lies behind it, the review is often apt to dis-\niss the work in a few sentences and then hide bond cliches like \"despite its many shortcomings, this\nok fills an important gap.\" All too often the review\nijsed by its author as a vehicle for self-aggrandise-\nmi\u00E2\u0080\u0094a tendency common to beginners. All too often,\nshows that the critic has failed to make a real ef-\n.-t: that he merely scanned the chapter headings or\nUnmed through the book in a superficial fashion.\n1 too often, it shows the critic's strong bias which\nwis him to irrationalism and even the rejection of\n; work. It is fortunate that the latter type ofcritic\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 whom there should be no room in scholarly jour-\nIs with any pretence to objectivity\u00E2\u0080\u0094is vulnerable:\nbetrays his state of mind even to a layman whose\nowledge of the subject is superficial. C. J. Keyser\nbisbppk, The Rational and the Superrational speaks\n\"portraits of book-reviewers drawn by themselves.\"\nReview portrays reviewer\n\"Readers -of a serious book-review,\" he says,\nay rightfully expect to find it in two portraits, one\ni!he rbopk and one of the reviewer. A reviewer may\ni to portray the book but he cannot fail to portray\n'iseif\u00E2\u0080\u0094he is pictured by his performance. If he por-\nys: the-book, he thereby portrays himself as having\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2illectualandscholariycom-petence and an imperious\n;seof honor incrwKng-loyalty to the author,-loyalty\nthe'editor, loyalty to the public, and loyalty to the\nth. His picture is that of a worthy citizen of the\n-tmonwealth-of science and letters. If he fails to\nportray the book, he thereby portrays himself as one\nlacking intellectual or scholarly or moral competence\nor two of these or all three of them. All such portraits\nare spiritually ugly. Of all of them the ugliest is perhaps that of a reviewer who uses che book merely or\nmainly as a trapeze upon which to mount and display\nhimself. It is the picture of one who is vain, deceitful,\nand cowardly\u00E2\u0080\u0094intellectually a knave, morally a fool.\"\nDespite all his vulnerability, the reviewer often\ngoes unpunished: the author may be reluctant to point\nout the misrepresentations of the biased and dishonest\nreviewer; and there is no agency which will expose\nthe reviewer's dishonesty, make him accountable for\nhis professional crime and apply some form of sanctions. Short of writing what can be considered a libel,\nreviewers are free to besmirch the work of others as\nthey please.\nIgnore central problems\nApart from this major sin (dishonesty, lack of\nprofession ethics) there are other minor sins: bias of\nspecialty (expert's myopia), unwillingness to impart\ninformation, and preoccupation with petty problems \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nand minor errors while ignoring central problems and\nmajor issues. A good review must be both informative\nand informed^\u00E2\u0080\u0094two qualities rarely found in conjunction. Many reviewers betray a curious aversion to\nbeing informative. At best they belong to the group\nof elementary resumeurs who think of book-reviews\nin terms \u00C2\u00A9f summaries and precis. Normally they shirk\nthe effort required in an essay-type review that intermingles description with analysis, gives the gist of\nthe book's content, appraises its aims, and adds a balanced critique of its character and achievement. \"The\nessentials of a book review,\" wrote Hazlitt, \"are that\nit give an adequate description of the book itself, and\nconvey something of its tone and quality.\" Instead,\nmany reviewers seem to be engaged in an irresponsible play with the text, sampling it, taking a paragraph here, a sentence there, extracting from their\nproper context and finding them faulty or inaccurate\nwithin an assumed frame of reference. It is an easy\nway out, if one is unwilling to read the book carefully and find out what the author was trying to say.\nIt is a different kettle of fish to digest the book and\nthen give a full, critical appraisal while suggesting\nother possible methods of approach and outlining the\nstate of research on the subject\u00E2\u0080\u0094instead of picking\nout a few points of style, terminology, emphasis and\npresentation. The last type of critic delights in questioning the meaning of the title nnd chapter-heads,\nis severely critical of footnotes, is habitually displeased with the bibliography, grunts at the very sight of\nthe index. Yet how often does he give the impression\nof having read the book, let alone having looked into\nthe heart of the matter? How often does he pause to\nthink what was the conception underlying the work\nand how successful the author was in his self-imposed\ntask? \"The reviewer,\" wrote R. A. Scott-James (\"The\nPerfect Reviewer,\" The Spectator, Feb. 27, 1953), \"by\nadequate knowledge of the subject, by understanding\nof the language used, by power of sympathy with the\nmind of the author and sensibility to literary form,\nmust be able to reconstruct in his own mind whatever\nhas been intelligibly constructed by the author.\"\nMany reviews inadequate\nMany book-reviews are hopelessly inadequate because their writers present either a catalogue of facts\ntaken from the table of contents, or a catalogue of\ntheir own biases and .prejudices illustrated by examples picked almost at random (this game can be played with any text, if one is not concerned with objectivity). Too many reviewers are not informed ertough\nto be able to relate the book to the existing body of\nscholarship and reveal some of the findings of the\nlatter. For most it is too onerous a task. In a world\nwhere quantity is tending to become the measure of\nscholarship, and where editors fail to apply the standards by which they usually abide when judging the\nworth of articles and fail to prune out shoddy and\ndishonest reviews, the substandard reviewer has no\nincentive to learn his trade. Perhaps, after aM, not too\nmuch harm is 'being done, for who read^ book-reviews\nbut the publishers (in quest of quotable passages), and,\noccasionally, the sadly misrepresented authors?\nThe editors' likely line of defence against the\naccusation that they fail to do their duty in regard to\nbook-reviews is that they fail to do their duty in regard to book-reviews is that they can hardly edit\nmaterial which they have solicited. But if editors cannot respond to\" the call for a more critical editing of\nbook-reviews,- the least they should do is choose their\nreviewers with care. (The indiscriminate publication\nof book-reviews acts like Gresham's law: bad reviews\ndrive good ones out of circulation.) They might also\ndo well, when exercising their right to choose to limit\ntheir review sections to books of special interest, related to the periodical's special field. Another remedy\nmight be a'special journal dealing, with book-reviews.\n\"A periodical Review of Book-Reviews,\" suggests Keyser, \"could render a very great and precious service.\nIts ehief function would be, on the one hand; to signalize and commend competent reviews and review-'\ners, and, on the other, tor signalize and denounce incompetent reviews and the nasty little scoundrels who\nperpetrate them.\"\ng^ggssg^ -\u00C2\u00AB&*#>-. /r*t-\n' .. .*'-.. S. ** V\nEx*professor boosts undergrad sex\nEVERYONE'S A TAILOR\n\"Ih Hong Kong everybody is a tailor.\" Heard this before? So had I. But I didn't believe it. So I went to Hong\nKdng to find out. The captain of the sampan that took me\noff my ship asked me what kind of material I preferred.\nThe taxi driver took my measurements. The bell-boy at\nthe hotel collected my money, and when I arrived at my\nroom the suit was waiting for me.\nI put it on and walked out the door. A rickshaw boy\ntold me it looked awful. He took me to a shop. Ten minutes\nlater I had another suit.\nThat night I went out to a restaurant. A lovely Chinese\ngirl came up to me and said, \"How would you like to come\nto my apartment?\"\nPantingly, I agreed. We went up to her place and she\nturned on the light. In one corner was her father with a\nsewing machine. Her mother had scissors, and her brother\ntook my measurements while her sister copied them down.\nThis time it took five minutes, and I was out the door with\nanother suit. I got out as soon as I could. Shaking off the\nassorted persons trying to sell me a suit, I escaped to the\nboat.\nI was safe. I climbed on, to be greeted by the Scottish\nengineer, \"Want to buy a kilt, laddie?\" '\nKINGSTON (CUP)\u00E2\u0080\u0094\"Sexual Intercourse, with modern\ncontraceptives and medical\nadvice readily available,\nshould be condoned among\ncollege students sufficiently-\nmature to engage in it,\" says\nDr. Leo Koch.\nA biology professor, ousted\nfrom the University of Illinois\nfor his views on sex and the\ncollegian, Dr. Koch advocates\n\"a great deal more freedom\nfor college students to decide\nfor themselves when and\nhow, they are to indulge their\nsexual desires.\"\nHe also believes, \"there are\nexcellent reasons why collegians should engage in he-\ntero-sexual relations before\nmarriage.\"\nDr. Koch's reasons are centered around individual\nhealth.\n\"A healthy mature personality \u00E2\u0080\u0094 healthy physically,\nemotionally and intellectually, is impossible without sexuality,\" says the professor.\n\"Sexual organs are so basically integral to the human\norganism that they influence\nhuman behavior profoundly\nand inevitably, sexuality cannot be warped without also\nwarping the personality.\"\nAware that the clergy's first\noutcry is mat greater sexual\nfreedom among unmarrieds\nwould seriously increase the\nincidence of contagious venereal disease and of illegiti-\nmate pregnancy, Dr. Koch\nswbmits that \"greater sexual\nfreedom, when accompanied\nby intelligent educational\nmeasure, will decrease the incidence of both disease and\nillegitimacy.\nThis has been the case in\nSweden. Besides which, neither veneral disease nor pregnancy are major tragedies unless they are exaggerated out\nof all proportion and are not\nproperly handled.\"\nDr. Koch stated that the\nmost important goal in liberalizing attitudes toward sex\nis not more sexual experience\nfor all, but rather a greater\nsexual responsibility and education about sex. \"College students can no longer avoid\nsex,\" opines Dr. Koch.\n\"They should participate selectively. To be specific, they\nshould not without contraceptives; they should not sex\nwith strangers; and they\nshould not sex for the wrong\nreasons.\" C ONFEDERA HON:\nSuccess or Failure?\nBy\n]. A. Raymond Noel\nThe above, was the subject\nof discussion last November\nJM^, 1961, at the First Conference on Canadian Affairs\nheld at Laval University in\nQuebec City.\n'As a representative of UBC\nalong with Mr. R. Brown, I\nhad the opportunity of attending this conference which I believe, has produced more in\nthe way of improving relations\nbetween French - speaking and\nEnglish - speaking Canadians\nthan has ever been done before.\nThe subject of discussion,\nthe leading speakers such as\nMr. Andre Laurendeau, Mr.\nEugene Forsey, Mr. Gerard\nFeiletier, M*. Michael Oliver\netc. . . . , the delegates from\n28 universities, schools and\ncolleges' dispersed throughout\nCanada from the Atlantic to\nthe Pacific, all, contributed in\nmaking it a most successful\nconference.\nAll rights remain\nWhere does Canada stand\nnow?\nIs Confederation in danger\nof falling apart, crumbling\ndown and never reaching its\n100th anniversary of existence?\nNo. In my personal opinion,\nConfederation is in reasonably\ngood health.\nBut, why reasonably and not\nextremely good health?\nConfederation as it was defined in the year 1867 is no\n: more suitable as such to the\n; needs of all Canadians whether\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0( they are French-speaking or\nr English-speaking. Thus, new\nadjustments will have to be\nmade to insure that the rights\nand privileges of every Canadian wiU be guaranteed in all\nparts of our country.\nFurthermore, these adjustments in Confederation must\nbecome effective not in 100\nyears from now, but today, in\nthe year 1962.\nFor many years, centuries\neven, either before or after\n1867, up to not so long ago,\n^whale French-speaking and\nEnglish - speaking Canadians\nwere trying to endure each\nother's presence, they never\nconsidered that their counterparts were really Canadians\nbut more so invaders in this\npromising land of North America.\nTill very recently, grudges\nof all kinds were an important\nfactor in the consideration of\none group for the other. These,\nrendered the work of eminent\nCanadians, who were trying\nvery hard to conciliate both\ngroups, extremely difficult and\nkept our Canada, for a long\ntime, in a grave state of turmoil.\n' Generation after generation,\nthese mixed feelings towards\none another were being handed\ndown from fathers to sons.\nThe cultural barrier was not\nthe only predominant factor in.\nthis continual conflict between\nEnglish-speaking and French-\nspeaking Canadians.\nReligion had also a great influence in this challenging battle being, fought in a politically\nand economically unified Canada..\nThus, there they stood:\nFrench - speaking Canadians\nversus English-speaking Canar\ndians; Protestants versus Catholics. -\nThese differences are still\npresent today.\nHowever, the element of\ntime plus a greater recognition\nby each group of the right of\ntheir counterparts to be Canadians have brought about\nprominent changes in the\nminds of all Canadians.\nChange\nAs a French-speaking Canadian, I have detected quite\noften, during the last two and\na half years, here in British\nColumbia, this new change in\nattitude especially on behalf of\nEnglish - speaking Canadians.\nMore than ever, the need for\n.improvement of one's knowledge of French-speaking Cana*\ndians, their language, their culture and their traditions is becoming very important.\nFrom.\" all across Canada, th#\"\nyounger generation is pressing\nFor Your Book Requirements\nText\nTrade\nTechnical\nHard Back\nMedical Paper Back\n*\nThe University Book Store\nthe University of B.C., Vancouver 8, B.C.\nfor a more profound unity in\nour country and a more thorough implementation of its\nofficial bilingual status from\nSt. John, Newfoundland to\nVictoria, B.C.\nIt is the irrevocable duty of\nour governments, provincially\nand federally, to satisfy this\nneed of Canadians. Through\nappropriate legislation it\nshould be made compulsory\nfor each and every Canadian\nto learn the second official\nlanguage of our Confederation,\nwhether it is French or English.\nMoreover, cultural exchanges\nbetween French-speaking and\nEnglish-speaking communities\nshould be made more prevalent\nas it is through these that each\ngroup, will be able to understand better the other.\nSea to sea\nAlong a more specific line\nOf thinking, French-speaking\nCanadians of the province of\nQuebec must acknowledge the\nfact that French-speaking Canada or French Canada as it is\nmost commonly called, does\nnot lie only within the borders\nof \"La Belle Province\" but\nthat it extends from British\nColumbia to Newfoundland.\nLarge French-speaking Canadian villages, towns and cities\nare existing all over Canada\nand they, much more so than\ntheir fellow countrymen of\nQuebec, have met, throughout\nthe. years, the challenges of\nkeeping alive their language,\ntheir culture and their traditions and this, within the\nboundaries of predominantly\nEnglish-speaking Canadian\nprovinces. They fought hard to\nkeep their rights and privileges as Canadians of French\nexpression. They had to content with Canadians of English\n.expression who were trying as\nhard as they could to stamp\nout the beliefs of these courageous French-speaking Canadians and force them to become strictly English-speaking\nCanadians.\nIFes, on%Lmust agree that\nEnglish-speaking Canadians\nhave not always done thebr\nbest to be true Canadians in\nthis regard.\nAcceptance\nEven today, in our year 1962,\nmany of them are still not accepting the fact that our country must be a truly bilingual\nand bi-cultural Confederation,\nif it is to stand as a completely\nUnited Canada.\nOn the other hand, one cannot say that French-speaking\nCanadians themselves, in general, have always done their\nutmost to improve the relationship between English-\nspeaking and French-speaking\nCanadians.\nIt is only since ten years\nago, approximately; that they\nhave realized the importance\nof bringing their language,\ntheir culture and their traditions to English-speaking Canadians in order that they may\nassimilate them properly.\nProvincial autonomy, as understood by some French-\nspeaking Canadians during the\ncourse of the last twenty years,\ndid not help to better the relations between both groups.\nEven more so, it deteriorated\nto a large extent whatever\ngood mutual understanding\nhad been built throughput the\nprevious centuries.\nYes, by thorough\" analysis,\none can find that both groups\nhave been at fault in many occasions and possibly, one just\nas often as the other.\nNow however, we must look\nup to the future and see what\nit has in store for us.\nConfederation, as stated before, is in reasonably good\nhealth.\nWill it ever reach an extremely healthy status, at\nwhich point, French-speaking\nand English - speaking Canadians will live together in complete unison,, culturally, polk\ntically, economically and industrially speaking?\nIf so, how .can this ever.be\nattained?\nWhat must be done to insure\nthe full success of such an undertaking?\nHaving faith in Confederation as the only mean of providing for all Canadians, English-speaking and French-speaking, the best standards of living, I believe that we must\nall, starting today, co-operate\nin the elaboration of a long-\nscale program of action which\nwill basically solidify its structure and its foundations.\nStart in schools\nThe mam items in this program must comprise, first and\nmost important, the teaching in .\nall Canadian schools, from\nBritish Columbia to-Newfoundland, of both official languages, French and English.\nFurthermore, to produce concrete results in this regard one\nway or the other, the teaching\nof these languages must be put\ninto effect at the elementary\nstage of our education system,\npreferably in Grade three or\neven Grade two if at all possible.\nIncredible capacity\nGenerally speaking, it is\nwell recognized that within\nthis earlier part of life, the\nmajority of human beings,\nchildren as they are called,\nhave an incredible capacity for\nlearning languages and thus,\nwe should make use, through\nproper handling, of this intellectual potential which is\nreadily available.\nA working knowledge of\nboth official languages of our\ncountry, would certainly prove\nto be the longest step forward,\ntowards a deeper unity in Canada, as it would provide all\nCanadians with the necessary\nmeans of communication to understand well one another.\nMoreover, one cannot truly\nassess the many cultural gains\nof a proficient bilingual Canadian.\nBilingual\nSecondly, federal and provincial legislation should be\npassed, making it compulsory\nfor all civil servants to speak,\nread and write well both English and French.\nThe Canadian Broadcasting\nCorporation, in the establishment of French-speaking Trans-\nCanada television and radio\nnetworks, would definitely\nactivate the development of\nthe little knowledge that Eng-*\nlish-speaking Canadians possess on -behalf of \"their fellow\ncountrymen, the French-speaking Canadians.\nThese, plus many others,\nplus individual research and\nindividual contacts, will secure\nthroughout the land the officii bilingual status of our\nConfederation.\nBut, words only, are no more\nsufficient.\nIn order to support favorably their willingness to create\na total unity in our country,\nEnglish - speaking Canadians\nmust develop a new eagerness\nfor positive steps to be taken\nalong these lines.\nFortunately, this development is now taking place to an\nappreciable degree. .\nMeet half way\nMore and more, the English-\nspeaking population of Canada\nis cultivating this need for a\ngreater understanding of\nFrench - speaking Canadians\nthemselves through their language, their culture and their\ntraditions.\nContrary to what some radical French-speaking Canadians\nmay believe^ Confederation is\nnot a failure.\nI sincerely believe that it is\na partial success.\nThis will require evidently\nthat new adjustments be made\nto the Act of Confederation as\nit presently stands.\n' English-speaking Canadians\nmay find that French-speaking\nCanadians are very pressing in\ntheir actual demands. However, these demands are nevertheless legitimate and seek\nonly to determine a normal\nequality between all Cana\ndians.\nA quick and thorough imple\nmentation of the three mair\npoints on which I elaborated\npreviously, would certainlj\nprovide English-speaking Cana\ndians with the necessary con\ntacts with French - speakinj\nCanadians to get to know then\nbetter.\nTo have faith in our Con\nfederation, is the primary fac\ntor of being successful in meet\ning this difficult task of pre\nmoting a perfect unity for ou\ncountry, Canada.\nSuccess!\nAll the possible solutions t\nour problematic situation hav\nnot all been found yet; the;\nmay be found, within th\nframework of Confederatior\nby conducting a thorough\nsearch in our hearts.\nA lot of work still has to b\naccomplished, part of it as soo\nas. possible, to consolidate th\nposition of our Confederatioi\nAre we all ready, Frencl\nspeaking as well as Englisl\nspeaking Canadians, to assttm\nour duties on this behalf?\nOur country, Canada, stanc\nas one of the most respecte\ncountries in the world.\nIts brilliant cultural, ec>\nnomic and industrial futui\nwhich lies ahead, can estal\nlish it as one of its most ou\nstanding leaders.\nOnly through a unified cou\ntry may we achieve this gos\nCanadians, it is up to you."@en . "Newspapers"@en . "Vancouver (B.C.)"@en . "LH3.B7 U4"@en . "LH3_B7_U4_1962_02_21"@en . "10.14288/1.0125560"@en . "English"@en . "Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library"@en . "Vancouver : [publisher not identified]"@en . "Images provided for research and reference use only. Permission to publish, copy, or otherwise use these images must be obtained from The Ubyssey: http://ubyssey.ca/"@en . "Original Format: University of British Columbia. Archives"@en . "University of British Columbia"@en . "The Ubyssey"@en . "Text"@en . ""@en .