"CONTENTdm"@en . "http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1217574"@en . "University Publications"@en . "2015-07-14"@en . "1986-03"@en . "https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/libsenrep/items/1.0115270/source.json"@en . "application/pdf"@en . " eport of the university librarian\nto the senate\nTHE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA LIBRARY\n1984-85 The Report\nof the University Librarian\nto the Senate\nof the\nUniversity of British Columbia\nSeventieth Year\n1984/85\nVancouver\nMarch 1986 DEVELOPMENT OF THE LIBRARY 1925 - 1985\nAs this report marks the sixtieth anniversary of the move from Fairview to\ncampus and the present Main Library building, it seems appropriate to recall some\nof the major events in the development of the Library system over the past sixty\nyears as background to a report on 1984/85. When faced with seemingly\nintractable problems, as we are now, it is easy to forget how many difficulties have\nbeen overcome in the past and how much real progress has been made in the\nLibrary's relatively brief history.\nCollections:\nIn 1925 the University Library collections numbered 55,000 volumes, and it\nwas estimated that a similar library could not be bought for $200,000. Enrolment\nat the University was 1,463. During the first year on the Point Grey campus, the\ncirculation of books more than doubled, from 17,522 to 40,560 - an early sign of\nwhat was to come.\nSixty years later, the collection had grown to include a total of 2,465,584\ncatalogued volumes and 4,580,000 additional items of microform and non-print\nmaterials. Although a \"similar library\" could no longer be bought, the collections\nwere estimated in 1985 to be worth well over $260,000,000. Daytime enrolment\nhad grown to a relatively stable 25,483 students, and the circulation of materials\nhad levelled off at 2,321,208 loans.\nLike the University itself, the Library did not grow at an even, measured\npace from year to year. Periods of relative stability were interrupted by dramatic\ngrowth and change as external events and expansion of the University's programs\nand enrolments had their effect. The cumulative growth of collections and the increase in circulation transactions can be seen in the following table, which shows,\nat ten-year intervals, the number of catalogued volumes in the collections, the\ntotal anhual circulation, and the University's full-time enrolment:\nCatalogued\nVolumes\nCirculation\nEnrolment\n1924/25\n53,000\n17,522\n1,451\n1934/35\n97,393\n96,982\n1,752\n1944/45\n147,769\n92,470\n3,058\n1954/55\n304,247\n258,501\n5,914\n1964/65\n675,446\n788,657\n15,489\n1974/75\n1,673,360\n2,290,173\n22,124\n1984/85\n2,465,584\n2,321,208\n25,483\nThe fact that the Library has added more volumes (358,121) in the last five\nyears than it did during its first thirty years at Point Grey provides a dramatic\ncomment on the scope of today's research library. The growth of the collection\nbetween 1965 and 1975 was even more remarkable. During that ten-year period\nthe collection, already substantial, grew by almost 150%. In common with\nadvanced educational institutions throughout the western world, the University and\nthe Library underwent a period of unprecedented growth in the 1960s: new\nacademic programs came into being and the campus expanded greatly. The\ndevelopment of a strong research collection was given a special impetus in 1965,\nthrough a gift of $3 million from Dr. H.R. MacMillan, to be spent in three years on\nlibrary materials. That gift allowed the Library to compensate, in some measure,\nfor its late beginnings and led to the development of areas of significant strength,\nfor example, in Asian studies, medicine, musicology, Pacific Northwest and\nCanadian history.\nOf course, the rate at which collections have grown is also a function of the\ngrowth in the volume of published information. In 1925, for example, 8,193 books\nwere published in the United States. In 1983, there were 53,380. Growth in the\nnumber of periodicals published is not well documented. The current edition of\nUlrich's International Periodicals Directory lists some 69,000 periodicals that are\nissued on a regular basis. As noted in previous annual reports, the Library's holdings of periodicals\nconstitute an area of special strength. In November, 1925, the subscription list\n\"represented an annual cost of $1,768 which [seemed] disproportionate to the total\nBook & Magazine Fund of $4,000\" (Library Committee Minutes, Nov. 2, 1925). By\n1926, the Library subscribed to 386 periodicals at a cost of $2,331.65, which\nworked out to an average of $6.04 per title. By contrast, the Library's\nexpenditures for serials in 1984/85 came to more than two million dollars and, with\nalmost 35,000 subscriptions, the Library ranked 21st in that respect among the 117\nlibraries belonging to the Association of Research Libraries.\nStill more rapid growth has occurred in the Library's \"other\" collections, that\nis, all of the materials that are by convention excluded from a count of catalogued\nvolumes. As of March 31, 1985 this important part of the collection included\n1,911,944 microfiche, 82,315 reels of microfilm, 1.2 million items of other\nmicroformats, 164,600 maps, 152,540 sound recordings, and small but growing\ncollections of films and videotapes.\nLibrary facilities and services:\nThe original library building, which still exists as the core of the Main\nLibrary, was able to contain the Library through the years of slow, gradual growth\nin the 1930s and early 1940s. By the late 1940s, however, swelling student numbers\narid a collection approaching the 200,000 volume mark made it necessary to add\nnew space. In 1948 a north wing was added to the building. The years that\nfollowed saw further additions to the Main Library and the creation of an extensive\nsystem of s;pecialized reference divisions and branch libraries:\n1950 Opening of Bio-Medical Reading Room.\n1952 Bio-Medical Branch Library established at the Vancouver\nGeneral Hospital.\n1960 Addition of the Walter C. Koerner South Wing, permitting\nthe establishment of specialized reference divisions for\nHumanities, Science, and Social Sciences and separate\ndivisions for Special Collections and Asian Studies.\nUndergraduate Library opened. 1963 Curriculum Laboratory moved from the Main Library to the\nScarfe building and expanded to provide additional services.\n1964 Woodward Library opened to accommodate biomedical\ncollections and services previously housed in the Main\nLibrary.\n1965 Completion of a stack addition, bringing the Main Library to\nits anticipated capacity and permitting the creation of\nseparate divisions for Government Publications and\nMicroforms and for Maps. The Wilson Recordings Collection\nwas established.\nMarjorie Smith Library established for Social Work.\n1967 Opening of the MacMillan Library (Forestry and\nAgriculture), the Mathematics Library> and the Music\nLibrary.\n1968 Addition of the Crane Library to provide library service to\nvisually impaired students.\n1970 Expansion of the Woodward Library.\n1973 Opening of the new Sedgewick Library under the Main Mall.\n1975 Move of the Law Library into its present quarters.\nCreation of non-public collections storage area in space\npreviously occupied by the Museum of Anthropology in the\nMain Library.\n1979 Relocation of the Processing Divisions from the Main\nLibrary to the Library Processing Centre.\n1981 Move of the Asian Studies Library from the Main building to\nquarters in the new Asian Centre.\n1982 St. Paul's Hospital Library becomes part of the Library\nsystem and the Hamber Library is opened, serving\nChildren's, Grace, and Shaughnessy Hospitals.\n1984 Creation of additional non-public storage for collections on\nthe 7th floor of the Main Library in space previously\noccupied by the Processing Divisions. The overall size and capacity of the Main Library building was determined in\nearly 1960s, with the addition of the South wing and stack well. Its internal\norganization was essentially established by 1965, when completion of the stack well\nallowed the present configuration of specialized service units to be set up. The\nmovement of various collections to external branch libraries and the creation of\nnon-public storage for substantial numbers of older, less frequently used materials\nhave combined to extend its working capacity to the present time and, we hope, for\na few more years.\nOf course, the development of an extensive system of branch libraries did\nmuch more than relieve space problems in the Main Library. The branch system\nreflected the physical growth and decentralization of the University campus and\nbrought collections and more specialized services into closer proximity to those\nwho would use them most. The creation of new branch library facilities was\nusually followed by very significant increases in the use of collections and services.\nWhile the development of branch libraries was partly responsible for the\ntremendous increases in library use that occurred between 1960 and 1975 it was not\nthe only factor. Enrolment grew from 12,000 to almost 23,000 during the same\nperiod. Through the introduction, in 1965, of an automated circulation system,\nborrowing books became much easier than it had been previously, when borrowers\nwere obliged to fill out a call slip for each item manually. A variety of factors\ncontributed to the growth in the use of library collections, but the development of\na system which brought major collections closer to their primary users while\nfostering the growth of specialized services provided a strong impetus for\nincreased use.\nRecorded external circulation is only a partial measure of use, since it\nignores the very substantial use of collections that occurs inside the library. The\nopening of the new Sedgewick Library, for example, resulted in a decrease in\nrecorded circulation for that branch, while there is strong reason to believe that\nthe amount of use actually increased. Prior to the move, seating in the Sedgewick\nLibrary was very limited and borrowing was high. In the new building, the provision of adequate study seating for almost 1,500 library users allowed materials to be\nused on site in comfortable surroundings. While the number of loans from\nSedgewick dropped sharply, the heavy use that the facility received was apparent\nin the amount of material that was reshelved and in the dramatic increase in\nreference statistics.\nThe lesson that may be conveyed by the changing pattern of library use is\nthat enrolment, academic programs, and teaching methods create the potential for\nintensive use of library resources. The provision of appropriate facilities and\nservices makes it possible for that potential to be realized.\nDuring its brief history, the UBC Library has participated in a virtual\nrevolution in the provision of reference services in research libraries. Prior to\n1950, reference services were provided by a single general department situated in\nthe Ridington Room. Though special reading rooms had been established in the\nbuilding for fine arts and rare books, the beginnings of more specialized service\nwere not seen until 1950, with the establishment of a Bio-Medical Reading Room to\nsupport the new Medical Faculty. In the years that followed, reference service was\nfurther developed in such areas as fine arts, maps, and rare books, and with the\naddition of the south wing in 1960, the general reference service was divided into\nsubject divisions for science, humanities and social sciences. That realignment of\nreference service permitted reference librarians to work within a more restricted\nfield and to develop a closer knowledge of their materials and the needs of their\nclientele.\nSubsequent growth of the present branch library system offered further\nopportunities to ensure that specialized reference service could be provided to\nmeet the developing needs of the University and to assist library users in coping\nwith the complexities of a large collection and a much larger universe of\npotentially available publications.\nSince the early 1970's, the computer has played an increasingly important role in this task at UBC. For the first two years, computer-based information\nservice was limited to the provision to a small number of library users of monthly\nlists of citations to current scientific literature, obtained by running interest\nprofiles against bibliographic tapes held at the National Science Library. By 1972,\na terminal had been installed in the Woodward Library to allow searching of the\nU.S. National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE system. Computer-assisted\nbibliographic searching is now acknowledged to be an important aspect of\nreference service in most disciplines, with several hundred specialized data bases\navailable for online access. Indeed, the Library is now being asked with increasing\nfrequency to assist groups and individuals in learning how to make direct use of\nonline bibliographic services designed and marketed for the end-user.\nTechnical Processing and Systems:\nThe UBC Library and the Library of Congress classification system came into\nexistence at about the same time. In fact, as the first large shipment of books was\nbeing unpacked and catalogued in 1915, the Library of Congress classification\nscheme was only partially completed. The decision to use that scheme for\nclassifying UBC's new library was one of the far-sighted decisions for which the\nLibrary must always be grateful to John Ridington, the first University Librarian.\nIt is difficult for those of us who work in the Library today to visualize the\ndifficulty of acquiring and organizing a university library collection without the\nassistance of the modern tools on which we have come to depend. The task\ninvolved every staff member - Mr. Ridington himself spent long hours in the early\ndays affixing labels to the spines of books.\nNevertheless, by 1925/26 the number of orders placed annually by the Library\nhad risen to 2,420, which translated into the addition of about 3,000 volumes to the\ncollection. It may be of interest that the greatest number of volumes added to the\ncollection in a single year was in 1970/71, when 162,428 were processed. This, of\ncourse, reflected the impact of the MacMillan gift, as backlogs of materials 8\nacquired were finally catalogued. In the year of this report, a net total of 121,212\nvolumes were added. That figure includes 19,538 items listed in the Library's DRS\nsystem, a relatively informal online catalogue of pamphlets and other materials for\nwhich official cataloguing cannot be justified. It is not planned that those items\nwill ever receive full cataloguing.\nIt is now twenty-one years since the Library introduced an automated system\nfor lending books, its first venture into the use of the computer to deal more\neffectively with increasing volumes of work. By 1967, a system had been devised\nto permit the listing of books prior to cataloguing and work was well advanced on a\nnew acquisitions and accounting system. Among the most important of many local\ncomputer-based developments was a system for serials management, which had its\nbeginnings in the late 1960s with the creation of a printed list of serial holdings for\nthe UBC Library. The serials system has more recently become an extremely\neffective and sophisticated tool through which complex records for many thousands\nof serial publications are maintained. Online access now permits information about\nthe receipt of serials to be available throughout the Library system as soon as\nindividual issues are checked in.\nMost record management systems relating to processing had been automated\nto some extent by 1978, when the Library's central record, the card catalogue, was\nfinally closed and continued through the regular publication of a microcatalogue.\nDuring the several years that followed, the Library participated with other B.C.\nuniversity, college and institute libraries in the development of the B.C. Union\nCatalogue. With special funding from the Ministry of Education, substantial\nprogress was made in converting existing records to machine-readable form, and a\nunion catalogue was issued which, though incomplete, was extremely useful in\nwidening access to library resources. Unfortunately, work on the B.C. Union\nCatalogue was discontinued in 1983 when funding was no longer available.\nAn attempt by the university and some college libraries to develop a shared\nlocal cataloguing network continued into 1984 but was finally dropped because of the lack of funding. Since then, post-secondary libraries in B.C. have been obliged\nto pursue individual approaches to the automation of their catalogues, to the\ndetriment of future opportunities for cooperation. For the university libraries, and\nparticularly for UBC, the demise of the B.C. Union Catalogue left substantially\nincomplete the task of converting existing catalogue records to machine-readable\nform. We must find ways of resuming this formidable undertaking at UBC if the\nrecords for our extensive monographic collections are ever to be made more widely\naccessible.\nAt UBC, the development of a local cataloguing system was made possible\nthrough the purchase of a main-frame computer in 1985. The improved computing\nfacilities have allowed more efficient operation of all of the Library's recordkeeping systems and have resulted in improved access to information about the\ncollections. Ultimately, the quality of library service depends on the extent to\nwhich our collections have been successfully organized and indexed, and on the\nease with which library patrons can use our records to find what they require.\nWhile much remains to be done, the UBC Library has been fortunate in having\ninnovative and expert systems and processing staff who have worked hard to create\nbetter and more efficient ways of utilizing the Library's resources. THE PAST YEAR: 1984/85\nCollections:\nDue to reductions in university funding the Library's collections budget\nincreased by only five percent (in 1984/85) over the four fiscal years from 1982/83\nto 1985/86. We must express appreciation for the broad support which protected\nthe collections budget from the actual dollar cuts which have afflicted most other\nareas of the University. At the same time, it must be pointed out that inflation\ncontinues to be higher for library materials than might be expected. Our serial\nsubscriptions cost about 10% more in 1984/85 than in the previous year; book\nprices were up 4 - 5% on average. Since serial subscriptions take up more than half\nof our budget, the continuing high rate of inflation for this material must be a\nmatter of concern when little additional money can be provided.\nDespite the difficult times, we have, for the most part, been able to continue\nto improve some aspects of the research collection. External sources of funding\nhave helped to develop the collection in a number of areas, and some of the sources\nare acknowledged below. The most significant impact of static funding levels is\nthat we are not able to keep up with the many new journals and monographic series\nwhich are being produced in almost overwhelming numbers. At present we budget\n$10,000 per year for new subscriptions, about half of the amount that should\nreasonably be available for this purpose. In the absence of significant budget\nincreases, however, we can ill afford to add further to the annual rate of increase\nin our costs. In order to subscribe to a broader range of new serials, we may be\nobliged to cancel a body of existing subscriptions every two or three years.\nThe retrenchment in staffing levels which has affected all areas of the\nLibrary in recent years has led to a significant reduction in the time spent on book\nselection. There are four librarians in the Collections Division who formerly spent\ntheir whole time selecting materials for the Main Library collection; three of\nthem now spend one-quarter to one-half their time on reference duties replacing\nlibrarians who retired or resigned, with the result that one FTE of librarian time\nhas been lost out of four. For similar reasons the librarians in branch libraries find\nit difficult to spend as much time on book selection as they would like. 11\nDonations and other external financial support:\nExternal support for the Library is most gratifying in times of restraint, and\nit is a pleasure to acknowledge contributions from individuals and agencies outside\nthe University.\nThe Japan Foundation has been a generous supporter of our Asian Studies\ncollection over the years. As the interest in Asian affairs has spread across the\ncampus, so too has the distribution of Asian material spread to other campus\nlibraries. The most recent gift of the Japan Foundation was to the Law Library,\nwhich received the backfile of an important Japanese law serial.\nAlso in the Asian area, a 1985 grant from the Social Sciences and Humanities\nResearch Council (SSHRC) was to purchase a reprint collection of Chinese\ngazetteers. These are local histories which are a fundamental resource for the\nstudy of Chinese history; with the addition of the material to be purchased our\ncollection should be the best in Canada. Grants made under the SSHRC program\nfor support of library research collections continue to be a regular and important\nsource of external funding.\nThe Library is indebted to a variety of local foundations, societies and trusts\nwhich have provided support for the purchase of materials in a number of areas.\nThe Vancouver Foundation was associated with three of these donations. Acting on\nbehalf of the donors, the Foundation conveyed gifts from the Ernest Theodore\nRogers Fund (for cartographic materials and Canadiana) and the Mark and Phae\nCollins Fund (for undergraduate books). Some of the Foundation's gift to the\nFaculty of Arts was also used to buy library materials, primarily newspaper\nbackfiles (complementing the newspaper files purchased with a SSHRC grant two\nyears ago).\nThe Crane Library for visually impaired students has benefited from the\nsupport of the Kiwanis Club and was also the recipient of a substantial donation\nfrom the 1985 UBC graduating class. This support from within and without the\nUniversity is particularly appreciated. 12\nThrough the good offices of St. Paul's Hospital, the UBC branch health sciences\nlibrary at the hospital has received valuable support from the Sutherland\nFoundation for the Rodger Stanton Fund.\nThe continued support of the Law Foundation (Law Library serials), the Boag\nFoundation (history and development of socialism) and the Mount Pleasant Legion\n(geriatrics) is gratefully acknowledged.\nThe Special Collections Division has received support from two agencies to\norganize and provide access to some of its valuable materials. The Graduating\nClasses of 1921 and 1922 continue to give generous financial support for work with\nthe UBC photographic archives. The Division also received a grant from SSHRC to\nprepare a computer-produced guide to the UBC archives and manuscript\ncollections.\nIt is a pleasure to pay tribute to personal donors who take an interest in some\npart of the library collection. Among our regular donors every year are Dr. Kaye\nLamb and Mr. Samuel Lipson (Canadiana in Special Collections), Dr. Blythe Eagles\n(the MacMillan collection), and Mr. Derek Lukin Johnson (the humanities and social\nsciences collection). The Crane Library has received generous donations this year\nfrom Mrs. Helen Humphrey, Mr. John MacDonald and Mr. W.R. Read (who was also\nable to secure a matching corporate donation from his employer in the U.S.). We\nwould also like to acknowledge a number of personal donors to the Alumni\nAssociation who regularly designate their contributions to be for the Library.\nLastly, it is appropriate to record the continuing support for library purposes\nwhich is derived from the income from endowment funds which were set up in\nearlier years. The Library has endowments of varying amounts which pay tribute\nto the memories of the following individuals -\nDr. Keith Burwell (anthropology, sociology, psychology, and medicine)\nMr. Harry Daggett (philately)\nDr. William Gough (medical library)\nMr. Otto Koerner (music, fine arts, theatre)\nDr. Iser Steiman (medical history)\nDr. Honor Kidd Timbers (history of medicine <5c science)\nDr. Cooley Verner (cartography) 13\nIn addition to the financial donations recorded above, the Library also\nreceives numerous gifts-in-kind. The donors of individual books and small amounts\nof material are too many to be listed in this brief report, and it is only possible to\nthank them collectively. A few representative names would include Mr. A. Petzold\nand Mr. Y.C Pan, who donated materials to the Asian Library; Dr. H.F. Angus\nand Dr. I. Avakumovic, who donated materials for the Main Library general\ncollection; Dr. R.A. 3obe, who donated children's books to the Curriculum\nLaboratory; and Dr. J.E. Nafe, who donated to the Arkley children's collection in\nSpecial Collections. Mr. M. Bullock, Mr. H. Logan and the Thompson Berwick Pratt\nCo. donated papers to the UBC Archives. Ms. A. Alvey, Mr. J. Stanton and Mr. H.\nThayer donated materials to the manuscript collections in Special Collections.\nPublic Services:\nUse of the Library's public services by its clientele continued at a very high\nlevel in 1984/85. The two chief and traditional measures of public service activity\n- the recorded use of library materials, and the count of questions answered at\nreference and information points - show that services from the Library remain in\nheavy demand.\nThe circulation of library materials to borrowers for use outside the premises\nfluctuates somewhat from year to year, but UBC continues to be near the top of\nthe list of North American university research libraries in this respect. It might be\nassumed that a high rate of renewals has swelled the circulation totals, but in fact\nthe University provides an extended loan period which leads to fewer renewals. It\nappears that UBC Library users, for undetermined reasons, simply borrow a great\nmany books.\nDuring the report year 799,432 items were loaned from the Main Library, as\ncompared with 793,535 in the previous year. The branches loaned 1,153,790 items,\ncompared to 1,148,739. Use of recordings held by the Wilson Recordings Collection\ndropped considerably, by 13.3 percent, from 296,885 in 1983/84 to 257,317 last\nyear, perhaps because of an increase in the cost of a borrower's card and perhaps\npartly because of a slight reduction in hours of opening. The transfer of materials 14\namong the members of the Health Sciences Network went up substantially again\nthis year to 33,558 transactions, as compared to 29,036 in 1983/84 and 24,052 in\n1982/83.\nIn loans between UBC on the one hand and libraries elsewhere on the other,\nonce again the numbers of items borrowed from UBC declined while our borrowing\nfrom elsewhere increased. A few years ago there were three items loaned to other\nlibraries for every one borrowed from them. The balance has gradually shifted\nyear by year so that in 1984/85 the ratio was 1.63 loaned for every one borrowed.\nThe change can be attributed to the action taken by UBC in 1976 to charge a\nhandling fee for interlibrary loans, while undertaking at the same time to pay fees\nfor items borrowed from other libraries. The policy became necessary since this\nUniversity could not continue to absorb the costs of handling the growing numbers\nof loans requested by other libraries. While UBC was not the first Canadian\nuniversity to charge for interlibrary loans, the decision was widely criticized on\nboth economic and philosophic grounds, particularly by institutions that had been\nused to relying heavily on UBC for loans. That it resulted in a major shift in the\nbalance of loans indicates its effectiveness.\nIn recent years lending patterns have also been affected as more and more\ninformation about collections has become available through conversion of\ncatalogues to machine readable form. The number of potential sources for loans\nhas thus been increased, and the practice of sending requests to the largest\nlibraries as the most probable owners of needed materials has become less\nprevalent. As for our borrowing from other libraries, UBC researchers are\nincreasingly finding that they need access to materials not available in our own\ncollections. This trend may result in part from an increased awareness, through\ncomputer-assisted searching, of a wider range of publications; it may also reflect\nthe fact that the Library can no longer afford to purchase as much of the output of\nthe world's presses as it did a few years ago. In 1984/85 the total of loans from\nUBC to other libraries was 15,730, which compares to 17,172 in 1983/84 and 18,600\nin 1982/83. Borrowing from other libraries last year came to 9,676, as compared to\n8,789 in 1983/84 and 7,855 in 1982/83. 15\nThe provision of information is the other major service responsibility of the\nNorth American university library. In the UBC Library there are twenty-one\nservice points set up to answer questions asked by students, faculty and the general\npublic. Some of them serve that function alone, while the rest are both reference\nand circulation points. In addition, there are several locations intended primarily\nto provide other services, but which are incidentally called upon to answer\nquestions. All reference stations deal with questions put to them both in person\nand over the telephone. Counting all formal reference stations, but excluding\ncasual queries at other locations, the Library gave answers to 370,367 questions in\n1984/85, up by 7.2 percent over the previous year's total of 345,625 questions.\nAn important part of the work of the reference librarian is showing people\nhow to use the library and how to do research on their own. The librarian is\nconcerned not only to provide an answer to a question, but also wherever possible\nto show the user how to use library resources more effectively. This teaching\nactivity sometimes takes place in a formal environment set up for the purpose, as\nfor instance when the librarian addresses a class. The Term Paper Clinic, at which\nadvice is offered on how to research the individual student's topic, and how to\nconstruct a paper setting it forth, is another example of practical teaching. Most\ninstruction by librarians, though, takes place informally in the course of assisting\nusers to get hold of the information or the material they want. The process is\nroutine, continuous, and immeasurable.\nAt reference and information desks distinctions are made in the terminology\napplied to different sorts of questions. At the most basic level are directional\nquestions, making up about one quarter of the total. Most numerous are the\nreference questions proper, which account for about two thirds of the total. This\ncategory includes all sorts of questions, excepting the directional ones, providing\nthat the assistance required takes no more than about fifteen minutes to provide.\nThey range from assistance in interpretation of the public catalogue, through\nadvice on likely locations of materials or data sought, to guidance on how to\nproceed with a topic. The remaining category, research questions, covers those\nwhich call for more than fifteen minutes of the librarian's time. 16\nIn 1984/85, as compared with 1983/84, the number of directional questions\nanswered increased by 10.7 percent to 98,376; reference questions answered\nincreased by 5.8 percent to 252,153; and research questions answered by 8.2\npercent to 19,838. During the most intense parts of the winter session, there were\nmore than 10,000 questions answered in a week.\nA part of reference activity that has grown steadily during the past decade\nhas to do with the extraction of information wanted by clients from machine-\nreadable data bases. Figures for some recent years show the extent of the growth\nin demand: 1978/79-1,653; 1980/81-3,398; 1982/83-6,633; 1984/85-8,183.\nIn fact, the demand is greater than the figures suggest, since many people who ask\nfor computer searches find that their needs can be satisfied more readily and\nwithout payment of a fee through a conventional \"manual\" reference search.\nThe reference librarian must be able to distinguish between an information\nneed that can be well served by a computer search and one better handled by the\ntraditional approach. If a machine search is indicated, the librarian has to know\nwhich utility and which data base are likely to be most productive, how the data\nbase is structured, and how to search it efficiently. For most reference librarians\ncomputer-assisted searching is a technique that has to be acquired and mastered in\naddition to their other work. The opportunity is rare to be a full-time specialist in\nmachine searching.\nLibrary staff have been building and using computer-supported information\nand record-keeping systems for a number of years. In the spring of 1985 computer\nterminals were installed at all of the public service desks in the library system.\nLocal files listing books on order and in process, serials holdings including recent\nreceipts, and quantities of uncatalogued material can now be consulted on-line.\nThis is an important first step in the long-term goal of replacing the microfiche\nrecords with online access.\nIn 1985 the fifteenth anniversary of the formal establishment of the\nUniversity Archives occurred. The Archives, which operate as a part of the Special\nCollections Division, have responsibility to select, describe, preserve and make 17\navailable those records which have enduring value for the University for\nadministrative, legal, fiscal and historical purposes. In 1984, with the help of\nfunding received from the Public Archives of Canada, the Archives completed the\nfirst phase of a survey of all University offices to determine the type, location,\nquantity and condition of existing records. The survey resulted in the transfer of\nmuch material to the Archives. The next step involves work on an automated\nrepository guide to the University's archives and manuscripts collections, which\nwill make their contents easier to manage and to access.\nTechnical Services & Systems:\nThe story of the technical services and systems divisions in 1984/85 was\nlargely one of the continuing development and implementation of automated\nsystems. All of the changes were aimed at more efficient operations in order to\nachieve better results from fewer staff hours.\nThere were two major and related developments during the year, both of\nthem proceeding out of a comprehensive review of alternatives for automated\nsystems which had been completed the previous year. The review had determined\nthat the best prospect for the Library would be to discontinue reliance on the\nUTLAS catalogue support system in favor of placing all automated systems on a\nLibrary computer. This would call for development of a local catalogue support\nsystem.\nThe University accepted the proposal to obtain a mainframe for library\noperations, and the computer, an IBM 4381, was installed in December 1984. The\nexisting Library applications were shifted to the new facility virtually overnight.\nThe transition was quick and smooth and accompanied by very few problems. The\nresult was an immediate improvement in online response time, providing a marked\nbenefit to all technical service divisions except Catalogue Records.\nHaving obtained the necessary computing capacity, the next requirement was\nto design, develop and implement a catalogue support system to take the place of\nUTLAS. The process took a month longer than had been estimated and the new 18\nsystem started up in June 1985. It included an authority control feature by which\nthe consistency of names, series and subjects in the database could be maintained.\nThis gave promise that the reliability of the catalogue for both users and staff\nwould, in time, be considerably enhanced.\nWhen the catalogue system had been mounted on the new computer, joining\nthose other functions transferred to it previously, the technical services divisions\nheld a Library Processing Centre open house in late June. Members of the Library\nstaff and interested observers from elsewhere viewed demonstrations of the\nsystems and sub-systems at work.\nImportant factors in the success of the switch to the new computing facility\nand the development of the local catalogue support system were the excellent\nassistance provided by the Computing Centre, the very hard work of the Library\nsystems and cataloguing staff over a sustained period, and the sound foundations\nalready established in the development of applications over the past five years. I\nwish to acknowledge with gratitude the cooperation of the Centre and the efforts\nof the staff.\nIn this year the Library made a substantial leap forward in the application of\ncomputer technology by going online with most applications and obtaining systems\nand facilities to permit the planning and development for an eventual online public-\naccess catalogue. There remains much work to be done before such a sophisticated\npublic facility is available for use.\nTo illustrate the benefits to be realized from better systems, the\nredevelopment of prebindery routines meant that one staff position could be\nreleased. Similarly, the new invoice processing system made it possible for all\naccounting activities to be handled within the responsible unit and without staff\nassistance from outside. In Serials, the availability of computer indexes together\nwith a low rate of staff turnover made for an up-to-date check-in situation. All\ncheck-in processing was done online and in one to three days of receipt of the\nmaterial. 19\nTowards the end of the report year (i.e. in August 1985) contract\narrangements between the University and the consulting firm of Ritchie &\nAssociates were signed for a detailed study of the Library technical services\nstaffing levels. The process had started earlier in the summer with a \"preliminary\nanalysis\" study by the R <5c A staff. Work was scheduled to begin in September and\nto be completed by mid-winter.\nBecause of the heavy commitment of time by librarians and supervisory staff\nthat would go into supporting the work of the consultants, it was clear that most\nplans to determine revised procedures made possible by the new catalogue system\nwould have to be postponed. Also to be deferred were several major clean-up and\ncorrective projects for the catalogue data base, although some of this work would\nbe given priority to continue as and when possible.\nStaff:\nTwo conditions characterized the staff situation during the year under\nreview, both having to do with retrenchment. One was that the freeze on hiring\ncontinued, so that a staff vacancy was refilled only when it was demonstrable that\nthe position was necessary to maintain library services. The other was that the\nLibrary lost positions as staff reached retirement age, took early retirement, or\nmade use of the provisions for voluntary termination.\nMelva Dwyer, the long-time Head of the Fine Arts Division, retired at the\nend of 1984. The position was eliminated, and her duties were temporarily assumed\nby Hans Burnsdorfer, who also continued as Head of the Music Library.\nDorothy Shields, the Bibliographer responsible for selecting Canadian and\nwest European materials, took early retirement at the end of 1984. Her position\nwas eliminated, and her work taken on by Leszek Karpinski, who was reassigned on\na two-thirds time basis from the Humanities & Social Sciences Division.\nRita Butterfield, Head of Circulation, chose to take early retirement at the\nend of March 1985. The complement of librarians in the division was reduced from\ntwo to one and one half and Mary Banham was promoted into the Head's position. 20\nMary Macaree, Head of the MacMillan Library, Margaret Pahr, Catalogue\nLibrarian, and Marilyn Dutton, Commerce Reference Librarian, all took early\nretirement at the end of June 1985. Lore Brongers, the half-time Reference\nLibrarian in MacMillan, replaced Mary Macaree as Head, while the positions of\nMargaret Pahr and Marilyn Dutton were eliminated as part of retrenchment.\nTure Erickson, Head of the Sedgewick Library for many years, decided to\nreturn to full-time reference work, and transferred to the Humanities and Social\nSciences Division. Joan Sandilands, Head of the Information and Orientation\nDivision, took over as Head of Sedgewick, and her former position was taken by\nJuliette Stevens. As part of this series of changes, the complement of Sedgewick\nlibrarians was reduced by one position.\nRetirements of those who served the Library for many years were not limited\nto librarians. Sheila Neville, who had supervised the Reserve Book Collection for\nmany years, retired in January 1985. Sam Tao, who worked in the Library's Mail\nRoom, retired at the end of June, and Cecilia Lee, from the Catalogue Products\nDivision, retired at the end of July. Among the resignations of long-term\nemployees was that of Nancy Smith, Technician in the Crane Library, who left at\nthe end of March.\nThere were also several librarians who elected during the year to take\nreduced appointments of four-fifths' time. The hours reduced were lost to the\nLibrary through retrenchment.\nSpaces and Facilities:\nThe point of full working capacity of the Library draws ever nearer. Until a\nresolution of the space problem is attained, it will remain one of our chief\nconcerns. As of this presentation to Senate only two branches have more than five\nyears' space for collections growth. The rest of the system has already reached\ncapacity or will have reached it within the next few years. 21\nDuring the summer and autumn of 1984, as a temporary alleviation of the\nspace situation, more than 60,000 volumes from the Main stacks were relegated to\na newly-created storage area on stack level 7. At the same time the stacks were\nthoroughly cleaned and the collections readjusted to provide some room for growth\nthroughout the classification. A stack and collections measurement made during\nthe Christmas and New Year's break indicated that there would be room for normal\ngrowth until 1990/91, but subsequent observations suggest that the predictions\nwere over-optimistic and that full working capacity may be reached before that\ntime.\nA second concern about Library facilities is that, aside from some of the\nnewer branches, they are in poor physical condition, none moreso than the Main\nLibrary. That building, treasured by many as the focal point of the campus, is\ndeficient under the building code, expensive to operate, difficult to explain to\nusers, and impossible to improve by alteration. Even minor changes are costly, and\nsometimes, for reasons of building code interpretations, not permitted.\nThe Library urgently needs a new central building that will provide space for\nsome functions and will at the same time free space in the Main Library for\nreconstruction. Steps towards the new building were taken in April, 1985 when\nSenate acknowledged the urgent need for new library space and recommended that\nit be given a very high priority in the University's plans for capital fund raising. It\nwas also suggested that every effort be made to invoke government co-operation\nand participation along with private sources. On the basis of the recommendation\nfrom Senate, the Board of Governors set aside the former Bookstore site for that\npurpose and resolved that the project be designated a high priority for fund raising.\nFriends of the Library are awaiting next steps with very keen interest. MAJOR CONCERNS\nAt the end of the year under review, the Library faced three problems that\nhave confronted it on and off over the years, more or less routinely. They were\nand are all rooted in funding insufficient to needs, and they could all be resolved if\nenough money were available. They are the familiar themes of declining\npurchasing power for collections; insufficient staff and other resources for major\nprojects, especially those projects that would enable us to move ahead rapidly in\nexploiting current technology; and rapidly dwindling space, particularly for normal\ncollections growth. Although services to users continue to function relatively well,\nthey are directly affected by weaknesses in collections development, insufficient\ntime for projects and other staff functions, and lack of space.\nAt the risk of these remarks losing their force through too frequent\nreiteration, I must stress to Senate that the problems are genuine, persistent and\nsevere. As of this writing (in early 1986) library staff are spending a great deal of\ntime in selecting periodical titles for possible cancellation. The staff are also\nlooking forward with apprehension to the need to curtail purchases of books and\nmaterials in other formats. It is distressing to contemplate the effect of continued\nreductions in purchasing for the collections. Not only will gaps be created which\ncan never be filled, but the quality of the University's research collections - a most\nimportant Provincial resource - is being seriously eroded.\nIn the press to maintain more routine activities under difficult\ncircumstances, very little has been said about the major projects which a library\nlike UBCs should be undertaking. In this we are falling behind other academic\nresearch libraries, particularly those in the United States. Two related major\nprojects from among those needing attention are the completion of conversion of\nthe card catalogue to machine-readable form, and development of the online\npublic-access catalogue. One-third of the Library's holdings are represented in the\ncomputer data base, partly entered there since 1978 as part of the process of\nadding materials to the collections, partly entered under a grant-funded project\nwhich concluded three years ago. To complete the remaining two-thirds of the\nrecords for UBC's library holdings is a massive undertaking on which, in present\ncircumstances, staff are able to make only very limited progress. 23\nAccess to holdings information in machine-readable form for the entire\ncollection is clearly desirable as the basis for a second major project: the\nreplacement of the microcatalogue with an online public-access catalogue. To\nsome extent, the online catalogue will proceed out of work already done on the\nlocal catalogue-support system, but it will require much more developmental work\nand an expansion of existing computing resources. Again, we can make only\nlimited progress toward this goal with present resources.\nOther areas which call for staff time and, in some cases, capital funding are\nactive participation with other major libraries in the conservation of collections,\nthe preparation of local plans for protecting the collections against disaster, the\nimplementation of a fully online circulation system, the application of bar-coding\nfor circulation and inventory control, the acquisition of a computer system for\nhandling materials in Asian alphabets, and a microfilming project for archival\nmaterials. Many of these important tasks will have to be left until additional\nresources are available. In other areas, we will have to proceed as best we can\nwith existing resources, since our participation cannot easily be deferred. For\nexample, we cannot afford to defer participation in the National Collections\nInventory Project (NCIP), through which a detailed picture of the research\nstrengths and weaknesses of Canadian libraries will be obtained. Inclusion of\ninformation about UBC's collection is essential to the Canadian data base for this\ninternational project, and the work must be carried out over the next two years.\nAnd, as pointed out above, the need for space to house our collections must\nbe addressed as soon as possible. Most branches of the Library system are already\nat or near full working capacity. When the shelves are as full as is practical, if\nthere is no better solution, lesser-used library material must be consigned to\nstorage. But there are already a quarter-million volumes in storage, and\ndesignated storage locations will not hold many more volumes. The point of full\nworking capacity is expected to be reached in the Main Library within the next five\nyears. The process of fund-raising, planning and construction is lengthy. There is\nno time to be spared.\nDespite these serious concerns, the Library continued in 1984/85 to offer a 24\ngood level of service to an expanding community of users. Staff members have\nsought and found creative ways of reducing costs, and of maintaining services with\nreduced resources. I trust that the Library will continue to merit the appreciation\nand good will of the University's students and members of faculty as well as of the\nthousands of other who make use of our facilities.\nIn submitting this report to Senate, I would like to express my appreciation to\nmembers of the Senate Library Committee for their advice and assistance during\nthe past year. In particular I would like to thank the chairman of the Committee,\nDr. Jonathan L. Wisenthal, for his leadership, advice and willing participation in\nthe discussion of library issues. Appendix A\nSIZE OF COLLECTIONS - PHYSICAL VOLUMES\nAsian Studies Library\nBiomedical Branch Library (VGH)\nCatalogue Records Division\nCrane Library\nCurriculum Laboratory\nData Library\nFine Arts Division\nGovernment Publications Division\nHamber Library (CGSH)\nHumanities 449\n1,737\n11,261\n438\n497\n3.932\n35,986\nReference\nQuestions\n14,538\n26,480\n28,135\n46,766\n4,145\n7,586\n5.051\n132,701\nResearch\nQuestions\n1,802\n1,062\n1,353\n61\n678\n1,782\nTOTAL\n33,012\n28,991\n31,225\n58,027\n4,644\n8,761\n10.765\n% Increase/\nDecrease vs\n1983/84\n6,738 175,425\n(1983/84)\n(36,915) (130,912) (7,434) (174,261)\n0.1\nBranch Libraries\nAsian Studies\nCrane\nCurriculum Laboratory\nFilm Library\nHamber Library\nHealth Sciences Network\nLaw Library\nMacMillan Library\nMarjorie Smith\nMathematics Library\nMedical Branch (V.G.H.)\nMusic Library\nSt. Paul's\nSedgewick Library\nWoodward Library\nSUBTOTAL\n(1983/84)\nGRAND TOTAL\n(1983/84)\n1,935\n5,120\n405\n7,460\n1,440\n1,580\n640\n3,660\n13,598\n16,960\n347\n30,905\n4,959\n3,094\n225\n8,278\n7,306\n8,684\n1,556\n17,546\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n2,655\n137\n2,792\n3,400\n5,306\n2,265\n10,971\n869\n7,611\n418\n8,898\n1,418\n1,877\n108\n3,403\n1,550\n1,247\n421\n3,218\n1,904\n7,157\n680\n9,741\n2,657\n10,094\n62\n12,813\n2,799\n8,674\n987\n12,460\n10,269\n14,056\n131\n24,456\n8.286\n25,337\n4,718\n38,341\n62,390\n119,452\n13,100\n194,942\n(51,985)\n(107,476)\n(10,903)\n(170,364)\n98,376\n252,153\n19,838\n370,367\n(88,900)\n(238,388)\n(18,337)\n(345,625)\n14,4\n7.2 Appendix H\nCOMPUTER-ASSISTED BIBLIOGRAPHIC SEARCHES\nJuly 1984 -June 1985\n1\nNo. of\nDivision Searches\nBiomedical\nBranch 537\nHamber 929\nHumanities St.\nSocial Sciences 420\nLaw 111\nMacMillan 185\nSt. Paul's 597\nScience 2732\nWoodward 2672\nTotal 8183\n1983/84 (7476)\n2\nStudent\nSearches\n97\n24\n25\n69\n96\n311\n(262)\n3\nUBC\nSearches\n364\n425\n146\n9\n16\n362\n123\n838\n4 5\nNon-UBC\nSearches Reference\n171\n504\n2283\n(1824)\n9\n6\n2\n27\n35\n81\n(98)\n168\n72\n142\n235\n567\n1044\n2903\nI.L.L.\n1946*\n659**\n2605\nData Bases\nSearched\n1150\n1891\n539\n1330\n272\n1390\n2866\n5498\n5508\n(5292)\n14,936\n(12,196)\n8\nSDI\nReports\n163\n584\n128\n1010\n1885\n(1603)\n1.\n2.\n3.\n4.\n5.\n6.\n7.\n8.\nNumber of searches: a total of the figures in columns 2 to 6.\nStudent specials: limited searches provided to UBC students at a flat fee.\nUBC searches: for UBC members, excluding student specials.\nNon-UBC searches: full costs, including staff time, are charged for searches on behalf of persons\nnot associated with the University. These searches tend to be complex and often involve the use of\nseveral data files.\nReference searches are usually brief inquiries for information not readily accessible in print.\nILL verification is a search for the purpose of determining the existence and location of documents\nand ordering them on-line as interlibrary loans.\n*The total for science includes all ILL verification for the Library system except Woodward and\nthe hospital libraries.\n**The Woodward total includes ILL verification for Woodward Library and the 3 hospital libraries.\nA single reference search may involve the use of more than one data base. Staff time for a\nreference search may vary depending on the number and combination of data bases used.\nSDI reports: the number of monthly updates distributed to clients. Current awareness (SDI)\nprofiles are included in columns 1 to 5 only when they are initially established or subsequently\nrevised. Appendix I\nLIBRARY ORGANIZATION\n1984/85\nADMINISTRATION\nMclnnes, Douglas N.\nde Bruijn, Erik\nJeffreys, Anthony\nKeate, Heather\nMacDonald, Robin\nWatson, William J.\nUniversity Librarian\nAssistant Univ. Librarian for Administrative\nServices\nAssistant Univ. Librarian for Collections\nAssistant Univ. Librarian for Public Services\n- Branch Libraries\nAssistant Univ. Librarian for Technical Processes\nand Systems\nAssistant Univ. Librarian for Public Services\n- Central Libraries\nACQUISITIONS DIVISION\nDavidson, Joyce\nHead\nASIAN STUDIES LIBRARY\nNg, Tung King\nHead\nBIOMEDICAL BRANCH LIBRARY (V.G.H.)\nFreeman, George\nHead\nCATALOGUE RECORDS DIVISION\nTurner, Ann\nBailey, Freda\nHead\nDeputy Head & Bibliographic Control Librarian\nCATALOGUE PRODUCTS DIVISION\nOmelusik, Nick\nHead\nCIRCULATION DIVISION\nButterfield, Rita\nBanham, Mary\nHead (to March 31, 1985)\nActing Head (from April 1, 1985 to June 30, 1985)\nHead (from July 1, 1985) Appendix I\n(continued)\nCOLLECTIONS DIVISION\nElliston, Graham\nForbes, Jennifer\nHallonquist, P. Lynne\nKreider, Janice\nMcintosh, Jack\nShields, Dorothy\nKarpinski, Leszek\nBibliographer - Serials\nBibliographer - English Language\nBibliographer - Life Sciences\nBibliographer - Science\nBibliographer - Slavonic Studies\nBibliographer - European Languages (to December\n31,1984)\nBibliographer - European Languages (from January\n1, 1985)\nCRANE LIBRARY\nThiele, Paul\nHead\nCURRICULUM LABORATORY\nHurt, Howard\nHead\nDATA LIBRARY\nRuus, Laine\nHead\nFINE ARTS DIVISION\nDwyer, Melva\nBurndorf er, Hans\nGIFTS & EXCHANGE DIVISION\nElliston, Graham\nHead (to December 31, 1984)\nActing Head (from January 1, 1985)\nHead\nGOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS & MICROFORMS DIVISION\nDodson, Suzanne\nHead\nHAMBER LIBRARY (Children's/Grace/Shaughnessy Hospitals)\nNelson, Ann Head Appendix I\n(continued)\nHEALTH SCIENCES LIBRARY NETWORK SERVICES\nPrice, Jane\nCo-ordinator\nHUMANITIES <5c SOCIAL SCIENCES DIVISION\nForbes, Charles\nHead\nINFORMATION & ORIENTATION DIVISION\nSandilands, Joan\nStevens, Julie\nHead (to June 30, 1985)\nHead (from August 1, 1985)\nINTERLIBRARY LOAN DIVISION\nFriesen, Margaret\nHead\nLAW LIBRARY\nShorthouse, Tom\nHead\nMACMILLAN LIBRARY\nMacaree, Mary\nBrongers, Lore\nHead (to June 30, 1985)\nHead (from July 1, 1985)\nMAP DIVISION\nWilson, Maureen\nHead\nMARJORIE SMITH LIBRARY\nFrye, Judith\nHead\nMUSIC LIBRARY\nBurndorfer, Hans\nHead\nST. PAUL'S HOSPITAL LIBRARY\nSaint, Barbara\nHead Appendix I\n(continued)\nSCIENCE DIVISION & MATHEMATICS LIBRARY\nBrongers, Rein\nHead\nSEDGEWICK LIBRARY\nErickson, Ture\nSandilands, Joan\nSERIALS DIVISION\nBaldwin, Nadine\nHead (to June 30, 1985)\nHead (from July 1, 1985)\nHead\nSPECIAL COLLECTIONS DIVISION\nYandle, Anne\nDaniells, Laurenda\nSelby, Joan\nHead\nUniversity Archivist\nCurator, Colbeck Collection\nSYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT DIVISION\nDennis, Donald\nDobbin, Geraldine\nSystems Analyst and Head\nSystems "Alternative titles in chronological order: Report of the Library Department for the University years 1920-21 and 1921-22

Report of the Library Department for the University year 1922-23

Report of the Librarian to the Senate

Report of the Library Committee to the Senate

Ninth Report of the Library Committee to the Senate

Tenth Report of the Library Committee to the Senate

Eleventh Report of the Library Committee to the Senate

Twelfth Report of the Library Committee to the Senate

Thirteenth Report of the Library Committee to the Senate

Fourteenth Report of the Library Committee to the Senate

Fifteenth Report of the Library Committee to the Senate

Sixteenth Report of the Library Committee to the Senate

Seventeenth Report of the Library Committee to the Senate

Eighteenth Report of the Library Committee to the Senate

Nineteenth Report of the Library Committee to the Senate

Twentieth Report of the Library Committee to the Senate

Twenty-first Report of the Library Committee to the Senate

Twenty-second Report of the Library Committee to the Senate

Twenty-third Report on the University Library to the Senate

Report of the University Librarian to the Senate

The Report of the University Librarian to the Senate

The Report of the University Librarian to Senate

Annual Report of the University Librarian to the Senate of the University of British Columbia

The Report of the University Librarian to the Senate of the University of British Columbia

The Report of the University Librarian to the Senate of the University

Report of the University Librarian to the Senate"@en . "Periodicals"@en . "Vancouver (B.C.)"@en . "Z736.B74 A4"@en . "Z736_B74_A4_1985"@en . "10.14288/1.0115270"@en . "English"@en . "Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library"@en . "[Vancouver : The University of British Columbia Library]"@en . "Images provided for research and reference use only. Permission to publish, copy, or otherwise use these images must be obtained from University of British Columbia Library: http://www.library.ubc.ca/"@en . "Original Format: University of British Columbia. Archives"@en . "University of British Columbia. Library"@en . "The Report of the University Librarian to the Senate of the University of British Columbia"@en . "Text"@en . ""@en .