"CONTENTdm"@en . "Canadian Pacific Railway"@en . "Canadian Pacific Railway Company"@en . "Colonists"@en . "Agriculture"@en . "Wallace B. Chung and Madeline H. Chung Collection"@en . "Canadian Pacific Railway Company"@en . "2017-10-10"@en . "1886"@en . "Book providing accounts from settlers. Includes two maps. Also includes a note from Dr. W. B. Chung comparing this item to another pamphlet entitled \"What the settlers actually say\"."@en . ""@en . "https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/chungtext/items/1.0356668/source.json"@en . "image/jpeg"@en . " TESTIMONY\nACTUAL SETTLERS. icft \u00E2\u0080\u00A2eft\"\n$\n<=?\n**& pi\nCf\n$y \v PjuJ\nA \u00C2\u00AB.\n*)\nIMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT,\nCompliments From\nDr. Wallace B. Chung\nge) payments for\nThe */&*\"/>\u00C2\u00A3&/* L /^^ruZ^U /&H ?\nfA\n/\nH\nJ^Jt V~y%j&\n7^x7*.\ng\" cultivation.\nrOT IN ADVANCE\nVN y \u00E2\u0080\u0094 | // ttler, or son of a\nC M^t/ ^A^ 0vo\u00C2\u00A3cl+j( SJ~CC\u00C2\u00A3eM> S*jl,\nworld offers such\nl settlement.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00C2\u00A3/6*&*\u00C2\u00A3&->&\n\\ni)\nf& Q/uJ\u00C2\u00BBsA (LiSL&ivrsM-*\nm\n&\\n/ c\u00C2\u00AB**u -^ui AJL^U #\u00C2\u00A3w *t^d~ ^ A\>'\nPI ***>* /-Cd/ ?&< let rmsu\n/\nIMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT,\n\u00C2\u00BB -4\u00C2\u00BB\u00C2\u00BB \u00C2\u00AB\nUnder the Land Regulations now in force (see next page) payments for\nland are\nSPREAD OVER TEN YEARS\ninstead of five as heretofore, without conditions requiring cultivati&n.\nINTEEEST PAYABLE AT THE END OF EACH YEAE, AND NOT IN ADVANCE\nB , ASFOEMEELY. ' 1 \u00C2\u00BB\nUnder these Regulations, and considering that each settler, or son of a\nsettler can obtain\n160 ACRES FREE\nfrom the Government, it is believed that no country in .the world offers such\nfavorable inducements to those desirous of taking up lands for settlement. The lands within the Railway belt, extending 24 miles from each side of the main line, will be\ndisposed of at prices ranging from\n\u00C2\u00A7\u00C2\u00A7 J $2.50 PER ACRE\nupwards, according to location and quality, without any conditions requiring cultivation.\nThese Regulations are substituted for and cancel those hitherto in force.\nTEKMS op if^^^e^t.\nIf paid for in full at time of purchase, a Deed of Conveyance of the land will be given; but the\npurchaser may pay one-ten til in casll, and the balance in\nwith interest at six per cent. per annum, payable at the end of each year. Payments may be made in 1\nLand Grant Bonds, which will be accepted at ten per cent, premium on their par value and accrued\ninterest. These bonds can be obtained on application at the Bank of Montreal, Montreal, or at any of its 1\nagencies in Canada or the United States.\nOS^STEZE^-L OOlsroX'X'XOatf'S- I\nAll sales are subject to the following general conditions :\n1. All improvements placed upon land purchased to be maintained thereon until final payment\nlias been made.\n2. All taxes and assessments lawfully imposed upon the land or improvments to be paid by the\npurchaser.\n3. The Company reserves from sale, under these regulations, all mineral and coal lands ; and\nlands containing timber in quantities, stone, slate and marble quarries, lands with water power thereon,\nand tracts for town sites and railway purposes.\n4. Mineral, coal and timber lands and quarries, and lands controlling water power, will be disposed\nof on very moderate terms to persons giving satisfactory evidence of their intention and ability to utilize\nthe same.\n5. The Company reserves the right to take without remuneration (except for the value of buildings\nand improvements on the required portion of the land) a strip or strips of land 200 feet wide, to be used\nfor right of way, or other railway purposes, wherever the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, or any\nbranch thereof, is or shall be located.\nLiberal rates for settlers and their effects will be granted by the Company over #s Railway.\nFor further particulars, apply to the Company's Land Commissioner,\nJOHN H. McTAVISH, Winnipeg.\nMontreal, January, 1886.\nNOTE.HSOVTHERN MANITOBA.\nThe Manitoba and South Western Railway (leased by the Canadian Pacific) has now been extended\nfrom Manitou to the neighbourhood of Whitewater Lake (see map), and applications for lands along\nthis line will now be received. These are among the choicest lands in the Province, and will be sold on\nvery reasonable terms to actual settlers. Apply to Mr. McTAVISH for prices and conditions. a*sst*\ntag r wm*^* * ^I^W^H^\n5STr*lSi&*r -~ a\u00C2\u00A5|fe;;tftSjBg\n'!\u00C2\u00A7/:\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0- .apE2 .\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 ; s$li*<3 'Usee i^SSftew\nUWocf-;;--rr- *\u00C2\u00AB&.<\u00C2\u00BB** ..--\u00E2\u0096\u00A0* 'ij&\n'SiM\n1\n!f\nI\nRKfec\nT\u00C2\u00BB\nV.B\nIL\nJ!\n\"\"*\"- -a ' \s \".fcSJScSK-r^ii\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00C2\u00BB '-&S&M\n, j'ir i-'i '\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 \u00C2\u00BBgi\n\"*ll:-\"~- 1 ^\nJ. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 i|\n1 \u00E2\u0096\u00A0 .\u00C2\u00A7\n. r\l \"i\niigBP \u00E2\u0080\u00A2^p- \u00E2\u0099\u00A6\u00C2\u00BB ^\u00C2\u00A3fc\u00E2\u0080\u0094+-G> -\u00C2\u00AB^^\nH\nMBODIED in the following pages are plain facts from farmers in the Canadian North-West\non many points of interest to intending settlers. It should be stated that circular letters\nking for information were sent out to all farmers in the country whose addresses could be\n\"ocured. The replies received were so numerous as to make it quite impossible to embody\ntern all in one pamphlet. Those given in the following pages relate chiefly to the main ques-\nons present, in the first instance, to the mind of an intending settler.\nThe full address of each settler is given in the first instance only. It is, of course,\n>mpetent for any reader, by writing to the address given in each case, to verify the accuracy\n\" the answers now published. Questions were asked as follows :\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nWhen did you first settle in the North-West ?\n! How much capital did you commence with ?\nI What do you consider the present value of your farm ?\n[ These questious elicited the following answers from actual settlers :\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nName.\nroctor, Henry. \.\noung, John M.L.\nurrie, William..\nimeron, G. A...\nickson,J. W....\nfagner, W. (M.\nX \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 JT\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 ). \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 * \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 *\n[ercer, James....\nole,J\t\nittle, James\t\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0ield, Edward,...\nntch, Angus....\nralker, J. C\t\nandervoort, G...\nnart, George. ..\nenny, David W.\norton, Thos. L..\niwson, James...\nPostal Address.\nWoodlands, Manitoba.\nMoosomin, P. O. Asa..\nChater, Man\t\nWhen\nSettled\nIndian Head, N.W.T..\nArnaud, P.O., Man....\nOssowa, Man.\nBlack Ox Farm, Gren-\nfell, N.W.T.\nRegina, N.W.T.\nManitoba\t\nShell River, Man...\nGriswold, Man\t\nGlendale P.O.,Man,\nAlexandria\t\nHolland, P.O ,\nWott Cteek, Sec. 31, T\n15, R. 10, Asa\t\nGladstone, Man\t\nMountain City, Sec. 16,\nT 2. R. 6, W. Man.\n1873\n1881\n1880\n1882\n1882\n1871\n1872\n1883\n1879\n1867\n1881\n1877\n1876\n1879\n1883\n1873\n1877\nCapital at Commencement.\nNothing\t\nI was in debt $10\t\nHad no money to begin with, but made\nabout $2,000 the first two years with\nwarehouse on river\t\nCarpenter's trade was all the capital I had\nNone, but what it cost to build, and all\nof that I made by working out\t\nNone\t\nValue of Farm.\nNone; I had to be an agricultural laborer\nat first\t\nNot any\t\nI had a team of horses, waggon, plough\nand harrow....\t\nNone\t\nNone\t\nNone whatever\t\nNo capital at all. Upon entering on my\nhomestead I had not one dollar left..\nNothing\t\nWhat paid the passage for my family\nand freight *\t\nNil\t\nNot any\t\n$12,000^\n$1,600\nAbout $10,000 to\n$12,000.\n$2,000 to $2,500\n$2,500\nI was offered$2oper\nacre and refused ..\n$900\n$2,000\nI have 320 acres,\nwhich is worth\n$7,000 : town\nproperty $Iooo\u00C2\u00AB\n$2,000\n$3,000\n$2,000\n$3,000\n$2,000\n$1,000\n$3>5oo\nSay about $5,000. PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\nName.\nChambers, S. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2.\nAgnew, James....\nBruce, George....\nPerley, W. D\t\nPostal Address.\nWattsview, P.O., Man.\nMcGill, George. ..\nHarward, Fred...\nRorison, W. D....\nDavis, John B....\nTroyer, Christian.\nPollock, John....\nlittle, J\t\n\"Wilson, James....\nMcGregor, D....\nRiddell, Robert...\nHall, P\t\nBolton, Ferris....\nCarter, Thomas...\nWarren, R. J\t\nMcCorquodale.. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 -\nTaylor, William .\nMcDonald,Duncan\nBurgess, J. W....\nGarratt, R. S.(J.P)\nLawrie, J. M\t\nKines, William,. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nBrandon, Man\t\nGladstone P.O., Man.\nWolseley, N.W.T....\nCarrolton P.O., Man\nLittleton, Man\t\nOberon P.O., Man\t\nMcLean, Assa, N.W.T\nSec. 22, T. 3, R. 2, W,\n2, Alameda, N.W.T\nIn Southern Man\n1879\t\nWolf Creek, Assa.,\nXN \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 VY \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 X \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2#\nNeepawa, Man\t\nStodderville, Man\t\nGriswold, Man\t\nSalisbury, P.O., Man..\nSouth Antles, N.W.T.\nCalf Mountain, Man...\nWoodlands, Man\t\nOliver, Man........\nMorden, Man\nManitoba\t\nBaie St. Paul, Man....\nFleming, N.W.T\t\nKenlis, N.W.T\t\nBirtle, Man\t\nBig Plains, Osprey,Man\nCapital at Commencement.\n1879\n1882\n1879\n1883\n1882\ni8\u00C2\u00A3i\n1877\n1882\n1882\nApril,\n1884\n1869\n1877\n1882\n1871\n1882\n1877\n1879\n1878\n1882\n1874\n1872\n1882\n1878\n1881\n188:\nNo cash capital. Had one year's provisions, one yoke of oxen, cow and some\nimplements\t\nI was a poor man, and had but little\ncapital\t\nNot 5 cents,\t\nNot much\t\nVery little after landing in this country\nI had $2.50 when I landed at Emerson,\n$5\t\n$15 1\t\nI borrowed $40 to come here with......\n$100\t\n$100 cash, 1 yoke of oxen, two cows and\na good stock of clothing\t\n$150 1\n$240....\t\n$300\t\n$300\t\n$380 jj\t\n$400, with $1420 to follow in n\nmonths. The collector absconded,\nand the 1420 never came to hand....\nAbout $400\t\nAbout $400\t\nAbout $400 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\t\n$400\t\n$400 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 I\t\n$400\t\n$475, with a wife and three children....\n$<;oo\t\nValue of Farm.\n$8,000\n$1,000\nI cannot say .1 have\nonly 80 acres.\nSituate within two\nmiles of Wolseley\nit ought to be\nworth $3.25 an acre\nAs farm property\ndoes not change\nhands, can make\nno estimate....\n$2,500\nMy\n$11,000\n$5,000\nwife\n$10,000\nsays\nAbout $1,500; if I\nwere selling it\nwould be $2,000\n$8,000\n$6,000\n$2,500\n$5,000\n$2,500\n$4,000\nHave remsed$40oo\nwill not take less\nthan $5,000\nAbout $1,000. I\nhave 1,000 in\nimplements, and\n$2,000 stock.\n$3>5o\u00C2\u00B0\n1,088 acres, valued\nat o 25 per acre\nAt least $5 an acre\n$2,000\n10 per acre.\nSold my homestead\nand pre-emption\nlast Spring for\n$2,000 PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST,\nName.\nowlord, C. (J.P.)\ngjPJ W. B\t\nChester, A\t\nPostal Address.\nTate, James\nlonnorson, James.\nMcCormack, David\nKempt, John\t\nConnell, T. K....\nBeestey, John G..\nMcKitrick, Wm..\nRogers, Thomas..\nSheppard, Jos....\nFarmer, W. A...\nOgletree, Francis.\nBonesteel, C. H..\nWhen\nSettled\nOssowa, Man ,\nHeadingley, Man..\nHarringhurst, Man.\nSec. 30, T. 2, R. 2 W.\nAlameda P.O., Assa.\nMinnewashta, Man....\nSec. 22, T. 11, R. 30,\nFleming P.O., Man.\nAustin, Man\t\nOsprey P.O., Man....\nMoose Jaw, Assiniboia.\nRose Bank Farm, Crystal City P.O., Man..\nRailway View Farm,\nMoose Jaw, Assa...\nIndian Head, N.W.T..\nHeadingley, Man.....\nPortage la Prairie, Man.\nPheasant Plain, Kenlis\nP.O., Assa, N.W.T\n[Anderson, George\n[McCaughey, J. S.\nHeaslip, J. J\t\n[Day, Samuel\t\nStevenson, G. B ..\nDoyle, W. A.(J.P)\n[Wat, James\t\nHaney, A. W....\nHind, Brothers...\nReifl, Alex\t\nReid, E. J\t\nDrew, Wm. D. ..\nLambert, W. M..\nHeaney, Jonathan.\nKnight, W.G(J.P)\nGrenfell, Assa. N.W.T.\nAlameda P.O.,N.W.T.\nAlameda P.O ,N.W.T.\nSec. 34, T. 13, R. 30,\nFleming, N.W.T...\nBrandon, Man\t\n^eulah, Man.\t\nBrierwood, P.O., Man.\nWolseley, N.W.T....\nPense, Assa., N.W.T.\nOf Messrs. Callender\nand Reid, farmers\nand general storekeepers, Millford,\nMan\t\nPlum Creek, Man....\nBrandon, Man\t\nRegina, N.W.T\t\nMeadow Lea P.O ,Man.\n1869\n1858\n1882\nOak Lake, Man\nCapital at Commencement.\n$500..\nAbout\n$500..\n;oo,\n1882 $500\n1878\n1882\n1882\n1878\n1883\n1880\n1883\n1883\n1869\n1869\n1883\n1882\n1882\n1882\n1882\n1879\n1879\n1883\n1883\n1883\n1880\n$500.\n00.\nValue of Farm.\n1883\n1882\n1882\n1880\n1879\n$700\t\n$700\t\n$860\t\nI brought $800 in cash with me, but a\nyoung man will make a fair start in\nlife with $400, that is, if he can get a\nwife easily\t\n$1,000 ; increased it by another $1,000.\n$1,000\t\n$1,000 s\t\nAbout $1,000\t\nUnder $1,000\t\nUnder $1,000,\n$1,000\t\n$1,000.,,...\n$1,000\t\n,000\nAbout $15,006\n$2,000; but i would\nnot sell it for twice\nthat amount.\n$2,000\n$10,000\n$7 per acre\n(320 acres).\n$3,000\n$9,000\n$2,OOC\nI consider my tarm\nworth $4,000 2,ooo,\n360\n$16,000\n$14,000\nper acre; I would\nnot like to sell it\nfor that, but I\nsuppose I could\nnot get more\nthan that just\nnow.\n,000 to $5,000\n$10 per acre\n$3,000\n.000\nAbout $10,000\n$10,000\nAbout $4,000\nAbout $3,500\n,000, what it is\nassessed for.\n,000\nAbout $5,000\n600/. to $4,000\nI would not care to\ntake $4,000\nAssessed at $4,000\nand stock $3,000\n=$7,000 PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\nName.\nPostal Address.\nChambers, W....ISec. 18, T. 21, R. 26\nW., Birke, Man.....\nLawrence, Joseph. Clearwater, P.O., Man.\nMiller, Solomon.. Alameda, P. O., Assa..\nHayter, W. H Alameda,Assa.N.W.T.\nRobertson, P j Rapid City, Man\t\nGilbert, Josiah.... Durham Park Farm,\nRegina P.O.,N.W.T.\nMcEwen, Donald. Brandon, P. 0.,Man.\n*Malhiot, Zephrin.. Wolseley, N. W. T ..\nMcKnight,R.(J.P) Carman P. O., Man...\nGrigg, Samuel... Sec. 7, T. 11, R. 18, I\nW. Brandon, Man (\nMoosomin, N. W. T..\nDalton, Brandon Co ..\nSourisburg, Man\t\nHarris, James....\nArmstrong,George\nElliott, Joshua ...\nBobier, Thomas..\nMclntyre, John...\nHarrison, D.H...\nWright, Thomas^\nSons\t\nMoosomin, Assiniboia,\n* N.W.T\t\nMilton Farm, near\nRegina, N. W. T. ..\nNewdale P. O., Man..\nThistle and Wright\nFarms, \"Qu'Appelle,\nAssa, N. W. T\t\nWnen\nSettled\n1882\n1879\n1882\n1882\n1882\n1883\nMay,\n1884\n1882\n1879\nApril,\n1884\ni882\n1880\n1880\n1882\n1883\n1881\n1882\nCapital at Commencement.\n$2,500\t\nAbout $3,000\t\n$3,000 1\t\n$3,000. I have a large family\t\n$4,0001\t\nAbout $4,000\t\n,000\t\n$5,000\t\n$5>\u00C2\u00B0oo.\t\n$5,000\t\n$5>ooo\t\n$5>2oo\t\nAbout $6,000\t\nMy two sons and self fetched $7,000 in\ncash, stock and implements\t\n$10,000\t\n$30,000\t\n$30,000 invested up to 1st September,\n1884\t\nValue of Farm.\n$5,000; more when\nwe get M. Ni]\nWesternRailway!\nAll my lands are\nworth $12,000 or]\n$15,000.\n$6,000.\nDo not want to sell..\n$6,000 to $7,000.\nIt should be worthy\n$5,000.\nI would not sell11\nunder $15 per acre1\n$32,000.\n$10,000.\n8,000 for the one 1\nI live on.\n! 12,000 for the sec. j\n$15,000.\nFrom $12,000 to 1\n$15,000.\n$1,200, that is my\nhalf section.\n$50,000.\nHave s e v e r al;\n1 worth from $loj\nto $12 per acre.\n$12 improved and\n$7 unimproved\nper acre.\nFollowing are the names and addresses of other settlers whose testimony recurs throughout the Pamphlet:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nName.\nAnderson, George. .\nBailey, Zachary....\nBartley, Noah\t\nBarnes, F. A.. .....\nBattell, H. C\t\nBedford, Jacob\t\nBell, C.J\t\n31ack, G. R\t\nAddress.\nManitoba.\nLothair P.O., Man.\nWattsview P.O., Man.\nMorris, Man.\nMoose Jaw, Sec 2, T. 17,\nR. 27, W.2.\nCalf Mountain, Man.\nPostmaster, Belleview.\nWellwood, Norfolk, Man.\nDavis, W. H,\nDay, John F...,\nDeyell, John..,\nDick, David\nDickin, George.\nDickson, Philip.\nDownie, John..\nAddress.\nSec. 27, Tp. I R. 12,\nCrystal City P.O., Man.-\nFleming, S. 4, T. 13, R. 30.\nSouris P.O., Plum Creek..\nMoline P.O., Man.\nManitoba.\nChater, Man.\nOak River P.O., Man.\nElliott, T. D I Alexandria P.O., Man PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\nAddress.\nBlackwell, James.\nJBlythe, R i\npoldrick, Robert,\nBoulding, G.....\nEBowers, John....\ngrown, W.J\t\njCafferata and Jefferd.\nI Cameron, Wm. C... ...\nCampion, Brothers\nCampbell, Robert.\nCarroll, A. H....\n[Champion, W. M.\nConnell, Robert..\njjCoay, Thomas...,\niCox, William....\nCox, John T\t\nDaniel, Joseph...\nElliott, Robert W,\nJElson, John\t\niFannery, W. J.\njFargay, John H.,\nFinlay, James\n[Fisher, Henry ...\nFraser, John S...\n|Fraser, John......\nFraser, D.D\t\n[Garratt and Ferguson,\n[Gibson, William ,\nGilmour, H. C..\njGordon, Leslie..\n!Graham, Mark..\n[Grang, J\t\n[Grimmett, D. W.\n[Haddow, James.\t\nIHall, David\t\nHannah, S. (Reeve of\nWhitehead)\t\nIHarris, A. B\t\nHartney, James H .....\nI Hoard, Charles........\nHope, George\t\nHornor, T. R\t\njHowey, Wm\t\nVirden, Man.\nBlythewood, Wapella.\nBalgonie, Assa., N.W.T.\nRegina, N.W.T.\nSec. 25, T. 9, R. 26, Virden, P.O., Man.\nPomeroy, Man.\nSec. 24, T. 18, R. 24,\nPense P.O., N.W.T.\nEdgeley Farm, Qu'Appelle.\nManitoba.\nBridge Creek P.O., Man.\nCarrolton P.O., Man.\nReaburn P.O., Man.\nOsprey P.O., Man.\nManitoba.\nMillford, Man.\nBox 44, Rapid City, Man.\nPostmaster and Farmer,\nMoosomin, N.W.T.\nMcLean, N.W.T.\nS.34,T. i,R. 11,W.Man.\nMcLean, N.W.T.\nManitou, Man\nShoal Lake, Man.\nRegina, N.W.T.\nBeulah P.O., Man.\nSec. 13, Tp. 12, R. 19,\nBrandon, Man.\nOak River, Man.\nKenlis P.O., N.W.T.\nLongstone Farm, Wolseley, N.W.T. '\nMoose Jaw, N.W.T.\nQu'Appelle. N.W.T.\nPortage la Prairie, Man.\nCartwright, Man.\nSec. 26, Tp. 8, R. 28,W.\nElm Valley P.O., Man.\nManitoba.\nAustin P.O., Man.\nGriswold, Man.\nBeulah P.O., Man.\nSouris, Man.\nLake Francis, Man.\nCarberry, Man.\nPendennia, Man.\nWarleigh P.O., Man.\nHutchinson, A\t\nHume, Alex\t\nIngram, W. A\t\nJeffrey, William (Junr.)\nJohnston, James\t\nJones, James\t\nKennedy, Thomas\t\nKing, M\t\nKinnear, J. H...\u00C2\u00BB\t\nLang, Robert\t\nLeepart, R. N\t\nLothian, James\t\nMcAskie, James\t\nMcBean, Angus\t\nMcDiarmid, Colin\t\nMcDonald, W. W\t\nMcDougall, Adam G.\n(Reeve of Wallace)...\nMcGee, Thomas\t\nMcGhee, James\t\nMcintosh, Archbald....\nObee, F ,\t\nOliver, Thomas\t\nOrr, James D\t\nOsborne, Daniel. ..... ^\nParr, James E\t\nParslow and Healey....\nPatterson, Abr.\nPaul, James M.\nPaynter, W. D.\nPaynter, J. E.,\nPhillips, S.... ,\nPierce, Stephen,\nPlunckit, Robert..\nPollard, Alfred. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2..\nPollard, E. Sep.. \\nPollard, H\t\nPowers, Charles F.\nPrat, John\t\nReid, William.\nRutherford, Johnston\n(P. M. and J. P.)....\nScreech, John\t\nShipley, Martin\t\njShirk, J. M\t\nAddress.\nCraven P.O., near Regina\nChater P.O., Man.\nMillford, Man.\nRapid City, Man.\nBrandon, Man.\nPortage la Prairie, Man.\nStoddartville, Man.\nBelle Plain, N.W.T.\nPlum Creek, Man.\nOak Lake, Man.\nBalgonie, Assa., N.W.T.\nPipe Stone P.O., Man.\nBeaver Creek P.O., Man.\nBrookdale P.O., Man.\nGladstone P.O., Man.\nFleming, N.W.T.\nVirden P.O., Man.\nBurnside, Man.\nBlake, Man.\nBroadview, Assa., N. W.T.\nGlenboro' P.O., Man.\nBurnside, Man.\nCartwright P.O., Man.\nFleming, Man.\nCrystal City, Man.\nSec. 20, T. 19, R. 20, W.,\nRegina, N.W.T.\nAlexandria P.O., T. 2, R.\n6, W., Man.\nSec. 15, T. 15, R. 12, W.\nBeulah, HiO., Man.\nBeulah, Man.\nRapid City, Man.\nSec. 28, Tp. 12, R. 30,\nFleming Station, Man.\nManitoba.\nSidney, Man.\nManitoba.\nSidney, Man.\nBrandon, Man.\nRounthwaite, Man.\nSec. 16, Tp. 13, R. 20,\nRapid City, Man.\nSilver Creek, Man.\nRounthwaite, Man.\nWavy Bank, Man.\nTp. 8, R. 18, W. of 1st\nMer., Rounthwaite P.O. 8\nPLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\nName.\nMcKellar, Duncan..\nMcKenzie, Donald.,\nMcKenzie, Kenneth.\nMcLane, A. M\t\nMcLean, John A..\nMcLennan, Thomas,\nMcMurtry, Thomas.\nMcRae, Roderick. .\nMcTellan, John-..\nMalcolm, Andrew.\nMiddleton, Alex...\nMiller, Robert S...\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nMitchell, John.\nAddress.\nMitchell, J\t\nMoore, George.\nMooney, John.,\nMuirhead, Thomas\nNelson, Robert\nNewman, Charles.,\nNickell, William. ,\nNiff,J.R\t\nNugent, Arnold J..\nRapid City, Man.\nArrow River P.O., Man,\nBurnside, Man.\nChairman Municipal Ccl.\nS. Qu'Appelle, N.W.T.\nGladstone, Man.\nAsessippi P.O., Man.\nSec. 18, T. 3, R. 2, Alameda P.O., N.W.T.\nMinnedosa, Man.\nMinnedosa, Man.\nMinnedosa, Man.\nBalgonie, Assa., N.W.T.\nHanlan P.O., Man., Sec.\n18, T. 13, R. 1, W.\nPostmaster, Brookdale,\nMan.\nLittleton, Man.\nSec. 4, T. 17, R. 1, 2 W.\nSec. 20, Tp. 7, R. 16,\nMilford, P.O., Man.\nCarberry P.O., Man.\nBirtle, Man.\nOssowa, Man.\nLucas, Man.\nMoosomin, N.W.T.\nEmerson, Man.\nName.\nSifton, A. L....\nSirett, Wm.F...,\nSlater, Charles B\nAddress.\nSmith, William..\nSmith, W. P....\nStevenson, F. W.\nStirton, James...\nStowards, R. C..\nSpeers, A. R ;\nTaylor, John\t\nTaylor, William\nThompson, Stephen.\nTodd, P. R\t\nTulloch, Andrew.. .\nUpjohn, Frank\t\nUrton, W. S\t\nWarnock, Wm\t\nWebster, A\t\nWhitney, Charles\nWilmott, H. E...,\nWood, James H. .\nWright, Charles. .\nYardley, Henry...\nBrandon, Man.\nGlendale P.O., Man.\nE. % S. 34, T. 14, R. 23,\nW. 1, Wapella, Assa.\nBeaver Creek, Man.\nSouris, Manitoba.\nGriswold, Man.\nCalf Mountain, Man.\nMaryville, Arrow River\nP.O., Man.\nGriswold, Man. *\nS. 32, T.7,R.25,Belleview\nBeulah P.O., Man.\nP.M., Beaver Creek, Man\nGriswold, Man.\nBroadview, N.W.T.\nLake Francis, Man.\nMoosejaw, N.W.T.\nNeepawa, Man.\nSec. 34, T.i7,R.i4,2W.5.\nQu'Appelle Station.\nBalgonie, Assa., N.W.T.\nDouglas P.O., Man.\nBirtle, Man.\nBeaconsfield, Man.\nP.O. Oak Point, Man.\nInfoimation for the Guidance of Intending Settlers.\nOn arriving at Winnipeg or any other of the principal stations along the line of\nthe Canadian Pacific Railway, the first step should be to visit the Land Offices\nof the Canadian Pacific Railway, where the field notes and maps descriptive of\nthe lands may be inspected, and the most minute details obtained as to the soil\nand general character of each locality. This will enable the intending settler to\nchoose a locality in which to seek his farm. The land grant of the Canadian Pacific\nRailway along the main line has been divided into agencies as far west as the Rocky\nMountains, within the limits of which lands belonging to the Company can be purchased\nfrom the Agents of the Company at the stations hereinafter indicated.\nBRANDON.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Lands in main belt, ranges II to 23 (inclusive) west of First Meridian.\nVIRDEN.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Lands in main line belt, ranges 24 to 28 (inclusive), excepting townships 14, 15, 16,.\nwest of First Meridian. PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\nMOOSOMIN.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Lands in main line belt, ranges 28 (part of) to 33 (inclusive) west of First\nMeridian.\nBROADVIEW.\u00E2\u0080\u0094I^ands in main line belt, ranges 1 to 7 (inclusive) west of Second\nMeridian.\nWOLSELEY.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Lands in main line belt, ranges 8 to 13 (inclusive) west of Second Meridian.\nREGINA.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Lands in main line belt, ranges 14 to 23 (inclusive) west of Second Meridian.\nMOOSEJAW.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Lands in main line belt, range 24 west of Second Meridian to range 10 west of\nThird Meridian.\nSWIFT CURRENT.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Lands in main line belt, ranges 11 to 20 west of Third Meridian to Fourth\nMeridian.\nMAPLE CREEK.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Lands in main line belt, range 20 west of Third Meridian to Fourth.\nMeridian.\nMEDICINE HAT.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Lands in main line belt, from Fourth Meridian to range u west of\nFourth Meridian.\nCROWFOOT.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Lands in main line belt, ranges 11 to 20 west of Fourth Meridian.\nCALGARY.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Lands in main line belt, range 50 west of Fourth Meridian to summit of Rocky\nMountains.\nThe business of the Swift Current and Medicine Hat Agencies is foi the present\nbeing attended to by the agent at Maple Creek, and that of Crowfoot Agency by\nthe Agent at Calgary.\nThe Agents at the Land Offices have, for free distribution, maps showing the\nlands open for sale, and those already disposed of, plans of the town plots, and\npamphlets giving descriptive notes of the lands within their agencies..\nThe Government have established Intelligence Offices at various points along\nthe line, in charge of officers, who will give the fullest information regarding homestead lands. Attached to these offices are Land Guides, whose services are always\navailable gratuitously for locating those in search of homesteads. . *\nSettlers arriving in Winnipeg should, before going west, call at the Land\nDepartment of the Canadian Pacific Railway, the office of which is located in the\nstation. There they can ascertain what lands are open for homesteads, and the situation\nof the Government Intelligence Offices.\nHow to Obtain Government Lands.\nThe Dominion Government makes a free grant of 160 acres of agricultural land\nto every British subject over the age of 18 years, and also affords settlers the right\nto pre-empt another 160 acres; that is, the settler may take up the additional 160\nacres, making a payment of from 2 to 2^ dollars (8 to 10 shillings) per acre at the\nend of three years of settlement. Settlers taking up Government free homesteads are\nrequired to reside on their farms for at least six months of the year during the first\nthree years.\nIn the case of taking free homesteads, pre-empting or purchasing from the\nGovernment, the business will have to be transacted at the nearest of the following\nDominion Land Offices :\u00E2\u0080\u0094 10\nPLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\nAgency.\nPost Office.\nAgent.\nA. H. Whitcher.\nW. H. Hiam.\nW. M. HlLLIARD.\nW. G. Pentland.\nE. C. Smith.\nJ. A. Hays.\nW. H. Stevenson.\nJ. McTaggart.\nJ. McD. Gordon.\nP. V. Gauvoreau.\nGeo. Duck.\nLiberality of Canadian Land Regulations.\nThe land regulations of the Canadian Government, combined with the advantages\noffered by the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, are the most liberal of any on the\nNorth American Continent. The fee for taking up a homestead in the Canadian\nNorth-West is only $10, whereas it is $26, and in some cases $34 in the United States;\nand the taking of a homestead does not in Canada prevent the pre-emption of other\ngovernment lands, or the purchase of Canadian Pacific Railway or Government lands.\ny The Climate.\nFollowing are the opinions of actual residents in regard to the climate. The\nquestions asked were:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nAbout what time does winter regularly set in, and when does it end ? Have you suffered\nany serious hardship or loss from the climate in winter ? Is the climate healthy |\nFor postal address of each settler, see pages 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8.\nDickin, George\nHind Brothers.\nUrton, W. S..\n1st week in November, and 1st week in April. No loss oi hardship. I\ntravelled 20 miles with ox train in the worst blizzard last winter. Climate very\nhealthy.\nLatter end of November, till middle of March. Climate can't be better.\nBegins end of November. It is always very pleasant in the daytime. No loss or\nhardship j you need endure none if you are careful. It is most certainly the\nhealthiest climate 1 have seen.\nYardley, Henry About 10th November to about 20th April. Climate very healthy indeed. PLAIN FACTS AS TOjTHE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\n11\nHutchison, A\nProctor, Henry.\nKnight, W.G..\nSmith, W. P.\nBlythe, R...\nField, Edward\t\nLawrence, Joseph ....\nScreech, John\t\nCameron, Wm. C\t\nLothian. James\t\nGibson, Wm,\nBruce, George..\nMiddleton, Alex,\nWarnock, Wm.\nReid, Alex....\nFraser, John.\nPerley, W. D\nMcGill, George..\n-Grimmett, D. W,\nPurdy, Thos. F.\nAnswer.\n2nd week in November to last of March or first of April. No hardship\nwhatever. Climate very healthy indeed, probably one of the healthiest in the\nworld.\nAbout 15th November to about 1st April. Our family (Father, Mother and 14\nchildren) have been very healthy.\n5th November to 5th April. Three years ago I was living in a small tent\nuntil the end of November, my house not being built. The thermometer\nregistered considerably below zero at times. The climate is undoubtedly\nhealthy, the exceeding dryness of the air in winter being very favorable to\nthe healthy and vigorous action of the lungs.\nBegins middle of November. Climate very healthy.\nAbout 15th November to beginning of April. Had several slight frost bites.\nClimate decidedly healthy.\nAbout 15th November ; very often later and sometimes earlier. No hardship\nor loss. Climate very healthy.\nAbout 20th November to about March 20th. I never lost a dollar from the\nclimate in winter. Climate as healthy as any under the sun.\nMiddle of November to 20th April. No hardships or loss ; with care there is no\ndanger. Climate very healthy\n2nd week in November to end of March. No hardship or loss whatever.\nClimate very healthy.\nA-bout 2nd week in November to end of March. I have ploughed for three\nseasons up to the 7th November. No serious hardship or loss. I believe the\nclimate to be very healthy.\nLast year nth November to middle of March. No hardship or loss as yet.\nI can say the climate is very healthy, as two of my children had had bad\nhealth in Scotland, and we have all had the best of health since we came here.\nThe snow generally goes away about the second week of April. I like the winter\nwell, good steady weather, no slush and mud here. Climate healthy.\nFrost set in 2nd week November, 1883 '\u00C2\u00BB first be.avy snow about middle of\nDecember; had fine weather after 22nd February ; winter ended first week in\nApril. Climate very healthy.\nFor farming operations from middle of November till last of March. No hardship or loss. The climate is cold, but steady and healthy, and stock do well.\nThere is very seldom any really cold weather in November. I have always\nbeen better here than I was in Scotland in winter. Climate very healthy\nindeed.\nAbout 15th November, ends in March. Have been very comfortable. Climate\nvery healthy ; no better in the world.\nNot much dependence on open weather after 1st November. Some people\nsowed in March this past season. I like the climate much; it is dry and\nimmensely healthy.\n1st November to middle of April. No hardship or loss ; persons soon learn to\navoid them both. Climate undoubtedly healthy ; never hear a person cough\nin church.\n6th November to middle of April. No hardships Or loss. Have chopped in\nwoods in January with hat and mittens off. The climate is the best I have seen\nas yet.\nLast year frost came on the 7th of November, but no snow till the end. No\nmaterial loss or hardship, no worse than from Belleville to Montreal and in\nWestern Ontario. Climate very healthy; those that come here wiil find that\nout when they come to feed themselves. 12\nPLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\nName.\nRogers, Thos\t\nDownie, John\t\nAnderson, George..\nYoung, Jno. M. L..\nDoyle, W. A.\nOliver, Thomas\t\nSheppard, Joseph\t\nStevenson, T. W\t\nBlackwell, James\t\nMcGregor, D\t\nPowers, G. F\t\nRutherford, J\t\nCarter, Thomas\t\nBobier, Thomas\t\nMcKitrick, Wm\t\nCameron, G. A\t\nBailey, Z\t\nBlack, G. R\t\nMcLennan, Thos\t\nFairer, W. A.... ...\nAnswer.\nLast year, ioth November to 15th March. No loss or hardship whatever..\nClimate very healthy indeed ; can go three good square meals every time.\nPloughing stops 5th to 7th November. Winter doesn't begin till, say\u00E2\u0080\u009E from 1st\nto ioth December. No hardship compared with the settlers of Ontario..\nClimate perfectly healthy ; clear, dry atmosphere.\nAbout 15th November to generally the 1st of April. No hardship or loss. My\nwife and family suffered in Ontario, but not here. Climate healthy.\nI can hardly say that winter always begins as early as November, but it generally\nends between March 15th and April 1st. No hardship or loss. I drove a.\nyoke of oxen 140 miles in six successive days, starting February 1st, about\nthe coldest time we had, and did not suffer. I consider the climate very\nhealthy, far ahead of Ontario.\nAbout 20th to 30th November to about last of March. No hardship or loss\nwhatever, i have frequently in travelling slept in the snow rolled up in\na buffalo robe and have never been frost-bitten. The climate is certainly\nhealthy except for consumptives in late- stages ; for them the winter is too-\nsevere.\nAbout the middle of November. I like the winter, as it is always dry and a\ngood deal of fine weather. Climate very healthy.\nLast year loth November, and opened for seeding on the 25th March if I was\nready. This is a good climate to live in. It is healthy because the air is pure\nand the nights cold.\nLast year 9th November. No serious hardship or loss, but frost-bites now and\nthen. Climate extremely healthy.\nLatter end of November till generally the end of March. No loss or hardship..\nClimate very healthy,\niot'h November till April 1st.' A little loss both years. Climate healthy.\nAbout the middle of November to about 1st of March. No hardship or loss at all..\nAll stock winter well. Climafe very healthy. My wife came here weighiug\n130 lbs and sickly, now she weighs 184 lbs. and has good health.\nAbout 1st November till 1st week in April. No hardship or loss. Stock do-\nwell if half cared for. Climate the most healthy in the world.\nAbout 20th November till about 15th March. No hardship whatever. .My\nfowls also do well in winter. I have a few black Spanish fowls, and my\nBrahmas also do well. I know the climate to be very healthy.\nAbout 1st November to end of March. The snow being dry a person never has-\nwet or damp feet during winter. The climate is most decidedly healthy, that\nis one of the reasons I am in this country.\n15th November to 1st April. I can say from experience this is a healthy\nclimate,\nloth or 20th November. No hardship or loss. Climate is healthy ; I never\nheard any one deny it. .\nMiddle of November till April. No hardship or loss. We have all been very\nhealthy ; consider climate very healthy.\nMiddle of November and breaks up in the beginning of April. No hardship or\nloss whatever, and I have roughed is as much as any of the settlers.\nClimate very healthy.\nAbout 15th November to 1st April. A little hardship; had to sleep out1\n15 or 16 nights, but no loss whatever. Climate healthy, could not be\nmore so.\n5th Nov. to I5tlf March. No hardship or loss. Climate very ]>Hthy. PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\n13\nDrew, D. W.\nOgletree, F,\nThompson, S...\nBonesteel, C. H.\nAnderson, Geo\nMcDougall, A. G.\nHume, Alex....\nStevenson, G. B\nWagner, Wm,\nNelson, Robert.\nMcintosh,\nBolton, F.\nMorton, Thos. L.\nWilson, James.\nSlater, Chas. B.\nConnerson, James.\nMcKenzie, K,\nKennedy, Thos.\nHarris, A. B.\\nBurtley, Noah.\nChambers, W\nCarroll, A. H\nAnswer.\nAbout the middle of November; we are apt to have some good weather after\nthat. Winter ends about end of March, but some grain was sown in March\nthis year. No hardship or loss. Climate healthy, myself and family all having\ngood health here.\nThree years since I came, we ploughed until the middle of November, but\noftener the ground is closed the latter part of October. Never suffered\nany hardship; am well pleased with the winter. I consider the climate\nvery healthy.\n1st week In November till about April. No hardship or loss. I haveTbeen\nout a good deal with team in winter ; never been frozen yet.\nAbout the last of November, and ends in April sure. I suffered no loss from\nthe climate last winter. I consider it a very fine winter, much more so\nthan I ever expected to see here. Climate very healthy.\nIoth to 15th November and ends in March. No hardship or loss, and don't know\nof any one in this section having suffered anything serious.\nAbout 15th to 20th November, ends about 1st April. No hardship or loss.\nClimate the healthiest in the world.\nIt freezes up about the 1st Nov, No hardship or loss. Climate healthy.\nHave ploughed three years till 5th November. No hardship or loss. Climate\nhealthy.\n1st to 15th November till 1st April. No hardship, but by the neglect of mv\nstableman I have lost two calves through being frozen ; cow calved during\nnight. Very healthy climate. I left Toronto with a fever, ague and rheumatism,\nand to-day, 65 years old, I am strong and healthy.\nAbout the 5th November ttll 1st April. Can't say I have suffered any hardship or loss, but have found it cold, and I lost some poultry. Climate\nhealthy upon the whole. Climate, as far as I can judge, is favorable to successful settlement.\nHave not suffered any serious losses. Climate extremely healthy.\nAbout 20th November till 20th March. No hardship or loss. Winters are cold\nbut dry, and therefore I prefer it to softer climate. Climate particularly\nhealthy.\nAverages from 15th November to 15th April. No hardship or loss whatever.\nClimate very healthy.\nPloughing stopped about loth Nov. No hardship or loss. Climate healthy.\nIn 1883, November 15th, ended 25th March, 1884. No hardship or loss in\nthe slightest. Extremely healthy.\nAbout 15th November to 17th March. No hardship or loss. Climate by all\nmeans healthy. All the family in perfect health ; was twenty-eight years in\nHolland, but never so well and happy as here.\nPloughing stops about 7th November, but generally fine weather after. Ends\nabout latter end of March. No hardship or loss. Climate healthy.\nAbout 5th November till the ioth to 20th April. No hardship or loss. Neither\nmyself nor family have had any sickness since coming here.\n1st November to 1st April. No hardship or loss. Climate very healthy. %'\"'\"''\n1st November to ioth April. No hardship or loss in any respect. Climate\nconsidered very healthy by almost everybody.\nAbout 1st November to middle of April. I have found the winters most enjoyable. I have been in various countries, and can say that this is the most\nhealthy of any I have ever lived in. 11 fj\nAbout the last of November till the latter end of March. No hardship or loss\"'\nenjoyed the winters exceedingly. Climate very healthy. 14\nPLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\nName.\nGarratt &\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 Ferguson,\nBole, J\t\nGarratt, R. S\t\nMcLean, J. A\t\nBedford, J\t\nElliott, Joshua.....,\nTodd, P. R \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nDickson, Phillip....\nHoard, Charles\nConnell, Robert\t\nCox, William ,\nAnswer.\nAbout last week in November. We have only lost one ox, and that was\nthrough neglect in the first winter in the country. Climate very healthy.\nBetween the 15th and last of November, ends about the 20th April. A man\ncan do more work and with greater comfort than he can do in Ontario.\nClimate healthy.\nFrom 1st to 15th November, ends from March 15th to April 1st. I say\nemphatically I have suffered no hardship or loss. Climate healthy, very\nmuch so.\nAbout 15th November, sometimes later. No hardship 05 loss whatever. Climate\ncertainly healthy ; I find it so, and so do a good many more.\nCommences at different times in November, breaks up in April. No hardship or loss. Climate healthy for young and healthy people; too severe for\naged and infirm.\nThe plough is generally stopped by frost 1st to 15th November. We have\nsuffered considerably from cold, but do not know that we have lost much,\nClimate very healthy.\nGround frozen November 7th, not much snow in November. Cattle began\nto graze about April 1st; some snow till 18th April. No hardship or\nloss. Climate healthy.\nAbout last of the month to 1st of April. No hardship or loss. Climate healthy,\nmore so than any country I have been in.\nAbout 1 st to ioth November till about end of March. No loss or hardship.\nClimate wonderfully healthy.\nBeginning of November, sometimes in October. Not very many hardships or\nlosses. Climate healthy, but wants plenty of clothes in winter.\nNovember 15th to April 15th. No hardship or losses. No healthier climate\ncould be desired.\nThe Farming Seasons.\nThe following are the seasons :\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nSpring.\u00E2\u0080\u0094April and May. Snow disappears rapidly, and the ground dries up\nquickly. Sowing commences from the middle to the end of April, and finishes in\nthe beginning of May.\nSummer.\u00E2\u0080\u0094June, July, August, and part of September. Weather bright and clear,\nwith frequent showers\u00E2\u0080\u0094very warm at times during the day; night cool and\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2refreshing, Harvesting commences in August and ends in September.\nAutumn.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Part of September and October and part of November, perhaps\nthe most enjoyable season of the year, the air being balmy and exceedingly pleasant.\nAt this period of the year the prairie fires take place, and the atmosphere has rather\n.a smoky appearance, but it is not disagreeable.\nWinter.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Part of November, December, January, February and March. PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\n15-\nIn the early part of November the Indian summer generally commences, and then\nfollows the loveliest portion of the season, which usually lasts about a fortnight. The\nweather is warm, the atmosphere hazy and calm, and every object appears to wear a\ntranquil and drowsy aspect. Then comes winter, generally ushered in by a soft, fleecy\nfall of snow, succeeded by days of extreme clearness, with a clear blue sky and\ninvigorating atmosphere. In December the winter regularly sets in, and, until the end\nof March, the weather continues steady, with perhaps one thaw in January, and\noccasional snow-storms. The days are clear and bright, and the cold much softened by\nthe brilliancy of the sun.\nSummer Frosts. \u00C2\u00A7\nIn considering answers to the question \" Are summer frosts prevalent or exceptional r^\nit should be remembered that last year a most exceptional frost appeared on one night in<\nSeptember throughout the whole northern part of the United States, and in some parts\nof British North America. The damage done to crops in the Canadian North-West was\nproved by Government statistics to be much less than that generally experienced on the\ncontinent of North America ; and the facts that the following replies were given immediately\nafter a frost, even though it was most exceptional, adds largely to the value of the\ntestimony.\nIt should further be remembered, as will be seen from the testimony of many settlers>\nthat ill-effects from summer frosts may be, in almost every case, avoided by a system of\nearly ploughing; so that each settler has his remedy in his own hands.\n104 farmers answered, \"Exceptional.\" Following are replies of others, whose\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2g jo 'I '9 '\u00C2\u00A3 -f '\u00C2\u00A3 s3\u00C2\u00A7Bd uo punoj aq Ami S9ss9jpp^ jtfisod\nDicken, G. ..\nUrton, W. S.\nHutchison, A\nSmith, W. P.\nBlythe, R. ..\nField, E\t\nLawrence, J..\nScreech, John\nLothian, J. ..\nMcGhee, J...\nBruce, G....\n\"Warnock, W.\nAnswer.\nExceptional, doing little or no damage if wheat land is autumn ploughed1. Have\nseen frost by chance in July, in England.\nExceptional; most certainly not the rule.\nHave never experienced any.\nI believe exceptional. This year up to date (September 13th) no frost to nurt\nthe greenest grain.\nWe have had two slight frosts, but not to do much harm.\nI should say exceptional; but after first week in September we generally get\nfrost.\nI never lost a dollar by summer frost.\nThere has been none here to do any harm.\nVery rare. I have only seen it once, and that nothing to speak of.\nNo summer frosts here.\nWe have never suffered from frost during summer.\nAre the exception, the frost of 1883 being the only one I have seen in six year*\nto do any harm. 16\nPLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\nName.\nReid, Alex\t\nGrang, J\t\nPerley, W. D\t\nGrimmett, D.W\t\nPurdy,T. F\t\nLeepart, R. N........\nIngram, W. A\t\nAnderson, G\t\nYoung, J. M. L\t\nDoyle, Y\u00C2\u00A3. A\t\nNewman, CF\t\nLang, R\t\n* Sheppard. J\t\nStevenson, F. W\t\nj Finlay, J\t\nWalker, J. C\t\nHonor, T. R..... ...\nWat, J\t\nMalcolm, A...,\t\n-Pollock, Jno\t\nReid, E.J\t\nRutherford, J\t\nRobier, T\t\nLittle, James.\t\nMcKitrick, W\t\n'McFellanJ\t\nTroyer, C\t\n'Vandervoort, G\t\nWood, J. H....\t\n\"Brown, W. J\t\nChambers, S. W\t\nPatterson, A\t\nlittle, J\t\nBlack, G. R\t\nWright 6>* Sons\t\nWhitney, C..........\nAnswer.\nThe exception from all I can learn from men who have been ten years in the\ncountry. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Very seldom coming before the 25th September.\nOnce in four or five years, there is frost about 7th September.\nWe do have slight frost, but not to do any general or serious damage. As the\ncountry becomes cultivated I feel sure they will disappear, as all new countries\nin British America have had that experience.\nVery rare in growing season.\nI think they are exceptional. Cultivation will improve that as the turf gets\nworked off the land.\nNo frost this summer.\nExceptional in our locality\u00E2\u0080\u0094Souris district.\nLast year was the first that I have seen to injure.\nSummer frosts that are injurious are very exceptional.\nI have not lost $10 (2/.) per year by frosts. Late-sown grain is never safe from\nSeptember frosts.\nNot hurt anything,^except last year.\nI can answer for Oak Lake only by experience. None whatever.\nThey are exceptional; this is my second year, and they have done no harm. I\nhave peas, the second crop in blossom to-day (September 12th).\nPrevalent, but seldom do harm. Vegetables not injured this year till 7th\nSeptember.\nSummer frosts do no harm here.\nLast year was the only frost that did any damage since I came here in 1877.\nI have grown four crops, and had one damaged by frost.\nCannot tell yet, but I hear they are exceptional.\nWe have occasional summer frosts, but not often to do much damage. Grain\nthat was a little late has been damaged twice during my seven years residence\nhere*\nThey are prevalent here to a certain extent.\nThey are no worse than in Ontario.\nWe have, but seldom to do much harm.\nLast year was considered the worst in ten years, and I raised 1,400 bushels of\ngrain and did not have 30 injured by frost as it all was sold for seed.\nThere was frost on 1st July, 1883, but did not do much damage.\nLight frosts are prevalent in my district, but heavy frosts are exceptional.\nNever suffered but once in nine years.\nI have never had anything frozen. They are the exception, late sowing the\ncause.\nWe generally have a light one in this part about the first of June.\nI have not* suffered from summer frosts.\nThey are never looked for.\nNo, not to any serious extent; still they are not exceptional in this part.\nThey are more exceptional than where I came from (Ontario).\nI have farmed for 15 years and have never had frozen grain with the exception\nof once.\nExceptional.\nHave seen no serious summer frosts.\nThere was not the slightest frost this season from the first week in May until the\nseventh September.\nJk PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\n17\nName.\nAnswer.\nMcLennan, T. Exceptional, I think. Never did me any harm, and I have had three crops.\nGilbert, J,\nGrigg, S\t\nFraser, D. D..\nGilmour, H. C\nDrew, W. D..\nOgletree, F\nexcepting September,\nHarris, Jas\t\nSmart, G\t\nElson, John....\nElliott, T. D...\nMc Arkie, J\t\nOsborne, D....\nHarrison, D. H.\nThompson, S...\nChester, A...\nBonesteel, C.\nH \u00E2\u0096\u00A0. i.\nNugent, A. J....\nMcCormack, D..,\nLambert, W. M..\nBowes, J\t\nChampion, W. M.\nMclntyre, J.:....\nTate, James\t\nMcMurtry, T. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2..\nMcCaughey, J. S.\nStevenson, G. B \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nShipley, M\nWagner, W. (M.P.P.).\nWe have had no frosts this summer.\nHoar frosts are exceptional.\nNot common. Cut my first frozen wheat last season.\nHere we have had none.\nSummer frosts have done no harm here since I came,\n1883.\nThey are not prevalent in this part of the country. In my experience of sixteen\nyears the frost last year was the first that ever injured wheat, except patches\nsown late.\nNone to hurt this year, nor last either.\nExceptional, such as last year, but often have slight frosts, not iujurious.\nNot prevalent in Southern Manitoba.\nWe were hurt with the frost last year t none any other year.\nNever saw any before the 7th of September, and that last year only.\nNone this year to hurt.\nExceptional; not more frequent than in Ontario.\nLast year we had early frost. The cucumbers are not hurt yet (September\n19th).\nThey are the exception, not the rule.\nI have not been here long enough to be certain, but I think they are exceptional.\nLast summer we had frost, this summer none.\nThe exception till this season.\nNone.\nWe have had no frost to do any damage.\nNone in June, July and August this year.\nThe exception since I have been here, as the frost of September 7th, 1883, is the\nonly one I have seen.\nNo summer frost this year.\nSummer frosts have done no damage in this part.\nWe are not troubled with summer frost.\nIn some localities prevalent, in others exceptional.\nHave not seen any. Had an early frost last fall.\nlate grain was hurt.\nI have only seen one in eleven years do any harm worth mentioning.\nNot prevalent; last year was the first one which did damage to my knowledge.\nI lost nothing by it, and only\nHeaslip, J. J.. Exceptional; none since I came here.\nNelson, R.\nStirton, J,...\nBolton, F....\nMorton, T. L.\nCampbell, R.\nSifton, A. L.\nMcDonell, D.\nHall, P\t\nMcGee, T....\nMcEwen, D.,\nDay, Jno. F.\nMy experience is that there is some danger from it.\nHave had no summer frosts to hurt even the tenderest vegetables.\nExceptional. 1883 is the only year frost did any harm since I came here.\nExceptional; only one year since 1873, I think 1875. Barley and oats were\ncut on ioth June, but no damage.\nSummer frosts are not prevalent in this part.\nNone in this part.\nVery exceptional in this part; one this summer in the latter end of August.\nNone where I am.\nExceptional. More seasons without than with frost.\nWe have had slight frosts this season from the 5th September, but so far no\ndamage to growing crops.\nNever seen any. 4f* t\n18\nPLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\nName.\nFargey, J. H,\nConnerson, J\nRorison, W. D\t\nMcKenzie, Kenneth.\nDaniel, J <\nNickell, Wm\t\nHarris, A. B\t\nBartley, N. ..,\nChambers, W,\nPaynter, W. D,\nHayter, W. H.,\nWilmott, H. E,\nWright, C\t\nAnswer.\nJohnston J\t\nGarratt, R. S. (J.P.)..\nDay, S. and A. ......\nMcDonald, W. W....\nMcLean, J. A\t\nBeaford, J\t\nElliott, J\t\nTodd, P. R\t\nBoldrick, R\t\nDickson, P\t\nCafferata &> Jefferd\nConnell, R\t\nFisher, H\t\n(settled in 1884)\nMiller, S\t\nThey are exceptional. We have only had one frost in seven summers\u00E2\u0080\u0094-viz. y\nSeptember 7th, 1883. p^\nAbout the ioth of June and 10th of September we had very slight frost, but little *\nharm done.\nPrevalent from 7th September in this part.\nThey are not prevalent, only exceptional; more exceptional than in Ontario.\nNot prevalent. Seldom seen.\nPrevalent in some districts about here.\nWhen grain is sown in April, or up to the 15'th May, there is no danger of frost\nafter that time it has to run chances. For five years we have had frost^be-\ntween the 25th August and 6th September.\nI should say exceptional. Some light frosts sometimes cut tender plants.\nMy first year's experience was in 1882;\u00C2\u00BB first severe frost that killed my tomatoes\ntook place on the night of September 26th. I think them exceptional.\nGenerally free from frost from the middle of June to end of August.\nNo worse than Ontario.\nThey are prevalent in this district.\nWe have always slight frosts in this part in June and early September, but they\nseldom do harm.\nExceptional and not generally injurious.\nPrevalent in certain localities. They are exceptional generally.\nHaven't seen any yet.\nThey are exceptional ; never seen any.\nWe were visited with summer frost twice since I came here\nExceptional, generally once, the latest the first week in June.\nNot in middle of summer, but it comes too soon for grain sown late.\nHave ripe tomatoes grow in open air.\nSummer frosts that do any serious harm are exceptional.\nHave had frost in June, but never suffered from it.\nNo frost here from first week in April till September 7th.\nVery prevalent this summer, but not done any damage.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0I fear to some extent prevalent, but with good cultivation and activity in spring\na farmer can escape ill effects.\nWe have had no frost to hurt any vegetable in the summer since I came to the\ncountry (May, 1882). PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\n19\nWinter and Summer Storms.\nIn many parts of America, anxiety is felt by farmers on account of winter and\n^summer storms. Manitoba and the Canadian North-west are happily, for the most part,\noutside of what is sometimes called the | storm belt,\" and it is but rarely that the country\nis visited in this way. This may be seen by the following testimony, and it is noteworthy how great an umber have experienced no loss whatever; as many as 150 thinking\nthe damage of so little real importance as to simply answer it by the words \" No v* or\nI None.\" Storms do, it will be seen, occasionally visit some few parts of the country,\nbut it is undoubted that they are exceptional.\nThe question asked was :\u00E2\u0080\u0094f Have you suffered any serious loss from storms during\neither winter or summer?\"\u00E2\u0080\u0094In reply 112 farmers simply answered \"iVb,\" and 42\nanswered \"None\" Following are the replies of the remainder. Their full names and\npostal addresses are given on pages 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.\nName.\nAnswer.\nUrton, W. S\t\nHutchison, A\t\nPrector, H\t\nWarnock, Wm\t\nFraser, Jno\t\nPerley, W. D\t\nMiller, Solomon\t\nPurdy, D. F\t\nDavis, W. II\t\nRogers, T\t\nKines, Wm\t\nDoyle, W. A. (J. P...)\nMcRae, R..\t\nWalker, J. C\t\nHonor, T. R\t\nGraham, M\t\nMalcolm, A\t\nRutherford, J....\nLittle, James\nMcKitrick, W...\nCameron, G. A.\nWarren, R. J...,\nChambers, S. W\nHowey, Wm\nMercer, J\t\nNo ; they are rare.\nNo loss whatever.\nVery little.\nNo ; not worth mentioning.\nNo ; weather very pleasant.\nThis country has not suffered from storm.\nNot to the value of 10 cents.\nNothing uncommon to Ontario.\nPartial loss two seasons with hail.\nNone whatever, so far.\nNot much.\nNone; nor has any portion of this community.\nNever.\nI had my house roof blown off in June, 1884, but no other damage.\nI have never suffered from storm.\nNever until this year.\nThree years ago my grain was all cut down with a hailstorm, but it grew up\nagain and I had a good crop.\nWe never have had any storms or blizzards here yet, and suffered no loss.\nNo; not yet.\nNothing serious from storms.\nA little last year from hail.\nNo; we have had no bad storms here as we had in Ontario.\nNo loss of any kind.\nNo, never. Never saw a bad storm here.\nNot in winter. I have lost a great deal of hay through the heavy rains in\nsummer. 20\nPLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\nName.\nLawrence, J\nMcLennan, T.\nGilmour, H. C.\nOgletree, F *\nMcAskie, J\t\nHarrison, C. H. ..\nThompson, S\t\nChester, A\t\nBonesteel, C. H..\nAnderson, G\t\nMcCormack, D...\nMcDougall, A. G.\nDickson, I. W. ..\nLambert, W. M..\nHume, A\t\nTate, James\t\nMcGill, G\t\nAnswer.\nStevenson, G. B\t\nShipley, M\t\nWagner, W. (M.P.P.).\nNelson, R\t\nOrr,J.D\t\nUpjohn, F\t\nBolton, F\t\nMorton, T. L.\t\nMcDonnell, D\t\nHeaney, J\t\nMcBean, A\t\nConnerson, J\t\nMcDiarmid, C\t\nRawson, J\t\nBartley, N\nChambers W\t\nBole,J\t\nGarratt, R. S\t\nMcDonald, W. W ... .\nMitchell, John\t\nJones, James\t\nMcLean, J. A\t\nI lost part of my crop this year by hail storms, but it is the first I lost since I\ncame here 5 years ago.\nNo, never saw a bad one in this part.\nHave never suffered any loss from storms of any kind, either winter or\nsummer.\nI never suffered.\nYes, this harvest from hail storm,\nN o, we are not in the storm belt.\nHave had the top blown off stacks, not hurt much.\nI have never suffered any loss from storms.\nI never have, and think that last winter was a very fine one.\nNo loss whatever.\nFrom hail this summer, but crop has come along well again.\nYes, one hail storm last summer.\nNone yet of any kind.\nNone whatever.\nI have not.\nHave not suffered in any way from storms.\nLost none by shelling first year ; lost some last year and this year ; none from\nwinter.\nA little three years ago, by hail.\nNothing worth mentioning.\nNever. We had this year an hour's hail, but did no damage to any amount.\nNo, nothing to speak of.\nYes, all my crop in 1883.\nNever until this harvest.\nNot in the least.\nNone in winter. In 1876 hail destroyed half crop.\nThe storms never injured the stock or house and stables, d^c.\nThere was a little hail this summer which did a little damage.\nYes; lost all crop by hail in 1883, and badly damaged by rain 1884.\nNo; had no damage whatever in six years.\nOnly from hail.\nYes, twice in summer from local hail storms and frost on 7th September, 1883,\nthough quite exceptional.\nNot any, except by thunder and lightning, which destroyed outbuildings, stock\nand implements.\nNever have seen a storm other than thunder since I came.\nThis part is not4 subject to storms in summer.\nA hail storm destroyed my crop in 1883.\nI have never suffered or seen any bad storms\nLast year I lost all the grain I had, about the middle of August.\nNot so far.\nI suffered some one year by hail storm during growing season. PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\n21\nThe Soil.\nThe high average yield of crops in Manitoba and the Canadian North-West\u00E2\u0080\u0094more\nthan double that of the United States\u00E2\u0080\u0094is in itself a practical proof of\" the rich quality of\nthe land, and of its adaptability to agricultural purposes. Still, it is interesting to study\nthe chemical properties of this extraordinary agricultural tract excelled by none and\nequalled only by the alluvial delta of the Nile.\nDr. Stevenson Macadam, of Edinburgh University, an undoubted authority, says\nthe soil is | very rich in organic matter, and contains the full amount of the saline\nfertilizing matters found in all soils of a good bearing quality.\" The soil is in general a\ndeep black argillaceous mould or loam resting on a deep tenaceous clay subsoil, and is\nso rich that it does not require the addition of manure for years after the first breaking\nof the prairie, and in particular places where the loam is very deep it is practically\ninexhaustible.\nThe question asked on this point was : \" Please state the nature of soil on your farm,\nand depth of black loam?\" The description of one farm in each district only is\ngiven to economise space. Where, however, the description of lands in the same\ndistrict differ, the answer of each settler is given. (For postal address of each\nsettler, see pages 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.\nName.\nDistrict.\nHind Brothers....\nCafferata and\nJefferd\t\nUrton\t\nRogers\t\nBeesley\t\nPhillips\t\nHutchinson\t\nProctor\t\nMercer\t\nPollard\t\nLawrence...\t\nV-/I X 4 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 * \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 ) \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2*\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nScreech\t\nHoard '...\nUpjohn\t\nHarward\t\nCameron\t\nLothian\t\nMcGhee\t\nGibson\t\nBruce\t\nPense\nPense\nMoose Jaw...\nMoose Jaw...\nMoose Jaw...\nRapid City -..\nCraven ,.\nWoodlands....\nGrenfell\t\nSidney ,\nClearwater..\nCartwright...\nRounthwaite.,\nLake Francis.\nLake Francis.\nLittleton\t\nQu'Appelle...\nPipestone\nBlake\t\nWolseley.. ..\nGladstone\nAnswer.\nRich black loam, average depth 18 in.\nSandy loam : about 9 in. of black loam.\nSoil various, all good ; loam 6 to 12 in. deep where tested.\nDeep rich clay on clay subsoil.\nAlluvial soil, 4 ft. of loam.\n2 ft. black loam on clay subsoil.\nSandy loam on gravelly clay subsoil, loam from 9 in. to 2 ft.\nBlack loam, with clay under, 2 ft. deep.\nDepth of black loam 18 in. Under black loam is gravel and\nsand.\nSandy loam, with clay subsoil.\nBlack loam, 18 in. to 2 ft., with clay subsoil.\nSoil is good, with foot of black loam and clay subsoil.\nSoil heavy, black loam 15 in.\nSoil is good but somewhat stony and bushy ; black loam 6 in. to\nI ft., with clay subsoil.\nDepth of black loam 8 in. to a foot.\nSoil is varied, clay, sand, gravel and shale from 6 to 24 in.\nBlack loam, clay suhsoil; loam 8 to 12 in. deep.\nClay loam, from 16 in. to iyz ft. black soil.\nSandy soil, from 18 in. to 2 ft. deep\nBlack loam 2 ft. deep, on a clay subsoil.\nThere is a small creek through my place, which also divides\nthe soil, the one half is sandy loam and the other black loam. 22\nPLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\nName.\nDistrict.\nAnswer.\nMillford\t\nSandy loam, with 2 ft. of black loam.\nBlack sandy loam, 4 ft.\n320 acres of clay loam, with black loam 30 in.; 160 acres of sandy\nloam 24 in. deep.\nFrom 12 to 18 in. of black loam, then yellow clay mixed lightly\nwith sand.\nBlack loam, \% to 2% ft. in depth; clay subsoil.\nSandy loam of 4^ ft., with clay subsoil.\nBlack loam, top depth 2 ft.; clay bottom.\nSome of it clear prairie j depth of soil 15 to 20 fc.; some scrub,\nwith 3 ft. loam.\nConsiderable alkali, 2 ft. loam.\nBell\t\nMitchell\t\nReid\t\nLoam 3 ft. in depth.\nBlack loam, 20 in. *\nGood rich soil; 2 to 3 ft. black loam ; clay bottom.\nRich loam, depth 1 ft.; clay bottom.\nRich black loam, average 15 in. deep. On level prairie 2 t\u00C2\u00A93 ft.,\nrich alluvial soil on river slope.\nBlack clay loam, all alike as far as you may go down; now and\nthen you strike gravel 25 or 30 ft. down.\nHeavy clay, loam depth, 20 to 30 in.\nBlack loam, depth from 1 to 2 ft.\nBlack loam ranges from 8 in to 22 in. deep, with sand on clay\nsubsoil.\nClay soil; black loam 6 in. There is also a gravel, ridge running\nthrougn the farm.\nBlack loam about 2 ft., and generally clay subsoil.\nClay, about 3 ft. of black loam.\n1 black loam, or vegetable soil- Black loam from 18 to 36 in.\n8 in. black loam, then clay below.\n2 ft. of loam ; clay subsoil.\nMcGill\t\no\nPortage la Prairie.\nHall\t\nTop soil blaqk loam, about 20 in. subsoil clay.\nClay loam, about 12 in.\n8 to 12 in. of black loam, with clay subsoil.\nHeavy black loam, varying from 1% ft. to 2% ft., with clay subsoil 6 ft.\nBlack loam and clay, 15 in. black loam, clay subsoil.\nBlack sandy loam, from about 1 to 2 ft. deep.\nClay and part sandy loam, black loam 10 in.\nBlack loam, slightly mixed with sand, depth of soil l}\u00C2\u00A3 to 3 ft.\n2% ft. very black rich loam, very heavy clay under.\nBlack loam and clay subsoil, 1 to 3 ft. S|&\nLittle\t\nOlive\t\nThe black loam is about 18 in. in depth, and 2 ft. of white marly\nclay j below that, clay and gravel.\nSandy loam black, depth about 2 ft.\nClay loam, from 1 to 3 feet.\nSandy loam, from 2 to 3 ft. deep.\nSandy loam, varying from 6 in. to 2 ft. on black loam.\nClay subsoil, with 12 to 18 in. of black loam.\nSandy loam, with clay subsoil, black loam about 18 in.\nBlack\t\nMcCorquodale.... PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\n23\nName.\nConnerson. .\nWhitney ...\nBoldrick ...\nMcLennan. .\nSmart\t\nKing\t\nElliott\t\nHarrison... <\nThompson. .\nChester\nNugent ....\nKenny\t\nMcCormack\nMcDonald..\nDickson....\nBarnes\t\nSpeers\t\nChampion. .\nHume\t\nShiplev ....\nWagner\nMcintosh...\nStirton\t\nCoay\t\nCampbell . .\nHall\t\nWilson\nKemp .... .\nHeaney....\nSlater\nRorison. ...\nNickell. ...\nHarris\t\nPaynter....\nBartley....\nChambers .\nLawrie..\nWilmott\nWright ...\nDick .....\nGarratt ...\nElliott\nSutherland.\nHanna....\nSpeers....\nDistrict.\nMinnewashta\nBalgonie....\nBalgonie....\nAsessippi\nHolland.....\nBelle Plain..\nAlexandria..\u00C2\u00AB\nNewdale\t\nBeaver Creek....\nMarringhurst\t\nEmerson\t\nWolf Creek\t\nFleming\t\nFleming\t\nArnaud\t\nMorris\t\nGriswold\t\nReaburn\t\nChater\t\nWavy Bank\t\nOssowo\t\nAnswer.\nBroadview\t\nCalf Mountain..\nWestbourne....\nBridge Creek,.\nSouth Antles..\nStoddartville...\nAustin\t\nMeadow Lea...\nWapella\t\nOberon\t\nLucas I\nBeulah\t\nBeulah\t\nBirtle\t\nBirtle\t\nBirtle ..\nDouglas\nBeaconsfield .\nMoline\t\nKenlis......\nSourisbourg .\nSt. Andrews,\nGriswold ...\nGriswold....\nFirst-class, can't be beat; loam 4 ft.\nSubsoil of grey clay, with about 3 in. of black loam.\nClay loam ; 6 in. black loam.\nBlack loam from 18 to 24 in.\nSandy loam, 4 ft.\nHeavy clay loam, 3 ft. deep.\nThe soil is first-class, black rich soil 1 ft, then a rich brown clay\nfor 6 ft.\n18 in. black loam on a clay subsoil.\nSandy loam, black loam from 12 to 18 in.\nClay subsoil, with from 11 to 12 ft. black loam.\nBlack rich loam, depth 4 to 5 feet.\nBlack loam, from 6 in. to 2 ft.\nBlack loam, 12 to 15 in., with clay subsoil.\nClay loam, 18 in.\nAll clay, and about I ft. of black.\nBlack loam and heavy clay.\nDark clay loam, depth about 4 ft.\nHeavy black loam 14 in. Clay subsoil, morejor less limestone.\nHeavy clay, loam about 12 in.\nPart sand loam, and part clay about I ft.\nBlack loam from 5 to 12 in., with limestone,rgravel or scrub, under\nwhich is heavy clay.\nBlack loam on top from 10 to 16 in., with clay and loam subsoil.\nBlack sandy loam ; clay subsoil from 16 in. to 2 ft.\nAbout 3 ft. on clay subsoil.\nBlack loam, on clay subsoil, 12 to 15 in. deep.\nClay bottom, 10 in. black loam.\nWhite clay subsoil, black loam from 2 to 6 ft.\nBlack sandy loam from 2 to 3 feet deep.\nClay loam, about a foot on average.\n1 ft- to 2% ft. of black loam.\nBlack-loam, 2 ft. deep.\nBlack loam, clay subsoil, 10 to 12 in. of loam.\nBlack loam, 12 to 36 in. clay and gravel subsoil.\nSandy loam, with gravel ridges. 18 in.\nA rich sandy loam, 12 to 18 in.\nThe part of my farmer under cultivation is grand gravelly\" loam\nwarm early soil; the black soil is from 1 ft. to 18 in.\nBlack loam from 8 to 24 in. deep, clay subsoil.\nA black clay loam with clay subsoil the black loam from 8 to ic\nin. deep.\nSandy clay loam, I to 2 ft.\nClay loam, 2 ft.\nClay loam, from 1 to 3 ft. of black loam.\nBlack loam from 1 to 2 ft., with clay subsoil.\nBlack loam from 6 to ic Inches.\nBlack loam 2 ft., yellow clay subsoil.\nDark clay loam, depth about 4 ft. '.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A224\nPLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\nFuel and Water. |\u00C2\u00A7\nRecent investigations show that in addition to the clumps of wood to be found\ndotted here and there on the prairie, and the timber with which the rivers and creeks are\nlined, there is in these new regions an ample supply of coal. The coal-beds in the Bow\n.and Belly river districts, tributary to Medicine Hat on the main line of the Canadian\nPacific Railway, are the first to be worked, and settlers now obtain this coal at moderate\nprices. Other mines have been discovered immediately on the line of the railway, between\nMedicine Hat and the summit of the Rocky Mountains, and some of these will be in\noperation during the present season. Valuable and extensive coal-beds also exist in the\nSouris district in Southern Manitoba and the south-eastern and western part of the\nNorth-West, and these wll shortly be opened up by the projected Manitoba Southwestern and other railways.\nAs regards the water supply, the North-West has not only numerous rivers and creeks,\nbut also a very large number of lakes and lakelets in almost every part of the country,\nand it has been ascertained definitely that good water can be obtained almost anywhere\nthroughout the territory by means of wells; in addition to which there are numerous\nclear, running, never-failing springs to be found throughout the land. An ample supply\nof water of different qualities may always be found on the prairie by sinking wells which\ngenerally range in depth from eight to twenty feet. Rain generally falls freely during the\nspring while the summer and autumn are generally dry,\nOn these two points the farmers were asked : I What sort of fuel do you use, and\nis it difficult to obtain ? | 1 Have you plenty of water on your farm, and how obtained ?\nIf from a well, please state depth of same.\" The full name and postal address of each\nsettler may be found on pages 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.\n^JSTame.\nDickin, George.\nHind Brothers..\nUrton, W. S..\nYardley, Henry\nHutchison, A..\nProctor, Henry.\nMercer, James..\nKnight, W. G..\nJeffrey, Wm.. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2,\nFisher, Henry..\nAnswer.\nWood getting scarce ; will be able to get coal. Plenty of water, springs rising\nto surface, usual depth 7 ft. to 20 ft.\nWood within four miles. Plenty of water from wells 15 to 20 ft. deep.\nWood, close at hand, is rather scarce, but there is plenty within 15 miles: Coal\nis cheap here. Plenty of water from two wells 22 ft. each ; one in house, one\nin stable with pumps.\nPoplar, about three miles distant. Plenty of water for general use in summer ;\nwell, 4 ft. 6 in. I get water for cattle in winter at a swamp up to the middle\nof February.\nWood is easily obtainable at present. I have Long Lake on one side of farm;\nalso a spring of good water, and a well 30 ft. deep.\nPlenty of poplar wood in this settlement. Five wells of the best water, depths\n20, 25, 26. 30 and 36 ft.\nPoplar ; no difficulty, lots of it here. Plenty of water, the Qu'Appelle River\nruns through my farm.\nWood, and there is plenty in this district. Plenty of water from small lake for\ncattle, and a well for house 7 ft.\nWood. I have never been short of fuel. Plenty of water from a spring, the\nwater rising to the surface.\nWood, chiefly, but it is costly. Water from Wascana Creek. PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\n25*\nName.\nSmith, W.P\t\nBlythe, R\t\nField, Edward\t\nPollard, Alfred\t\nOrr, James D\t\nScreech, John. -\t\nRobertson, P\t\nHarward, F\t\nHall, D\t\nLothian, James.\t\nBruce, Geo\t\nBell, C. J\t\nWarnock, Wm\t\nHaddow, Jas\t\nReid, Alex\t\nPerley, W. D\t\nPrat, Jno ,\nMiller, Solomon\t\nGrimmett, D. W\t\nLeepart, R.N\t\nMcBean, Angus\t\nYoung, Jno. M. L\t\nDoyle, W. A\t\nNewman, C. F\t\nSheppard, Jos\t\nArmstrong, George...\nPierce, S\t\nGraham, Mark\nMalcolm, A..\nMcGregor, D.,\nAnswer.\nWood, hard to get. Plenty of water, not very good. All neighbours have good\nwater at 15 ft.\nPoplar; easily obtainable from the bluffs. Plenty of water from wells and\nsloughs ; deepest well at present 16 ft.\nPoplar ; no difficulty. Plenty of excellent water from well 22 ft. deep.\nDry wood (poplar) in abundance. Splendid water by digging 12 ft.\nDry poplar and oak, which are not difficult to procure. Not too much water ;.\ntwo wells, one 23 ft. and the other io ft.\nPoplar poles, but rather scarce. Surface water for the cattle; well for house\n6 ft.\nWood, getting difficult to obtain. Plenty of water ; wells 10 to 20 ft.\nPoplar wood. I have plenty on my own place. Plenty of water, a lake 6 ft.\ndeep and a stream running in summer.\nPoplar wood ; no difficulty to obtain. Water from running creek.\nWood, poplar; about nine miles to haul. Good water for home use in well 16\nft. deep.\nPoplar and hardwood; I have a good deal on my place. I use river water in\nwinter and well water in summer. 3 ft. deep. The finest water in the province-\nCoal and wood ; both are now difficult to get here.\nWood, poplar and white birch, easily got. Plenty of water ; spring creek and\nwell 20 ft. deep.\nWood ; it is difficult to obtain, and so is water, on my farm.\nWood, no difficulty in getting it. Plenty of water. Oak creek runs through it.\nWood, and plenty in this district, at $3.00 per cord at your house. A good\nlake, and could get water bydigging a short distance.\nWood, quite close to the house. Plenty of water from a well about 4 ft. deep.\nCoal and wood ; wood three miles to draw, coal about 25. Plenty of water j.\nwater from well 25 ft. deep\nElm and maple ; enough on my farm to last twenty years. One elm measured\n11 ft. 5 in. in circumference. Pipestone Creek runs through corner of njy farm 5-.\ndepth of well 3 feet.\nPoplar; ten miles to get it. Water from well 16 ft. deep.\nWood very difficult to obtain. Plenty of water, boggy creek ; wells 12 to 14 ft.\ndeep.\nPoplar, very handy. I have always had plenty of water from a well 6 ft. deep.\nWood, dry poplar ; an ample supply here. Water from two spring creeks and:\nseveral good springs.\nPoplar or ash, plenty of it. Plenty of water from a well 15 ft. deep and out of\nmy little lake.\nPoplar wood, costs, six miles from my house, $1.50 per cord. Water is rather-\nhard to get in some places, but easy in others.\nWood, to be had for the drawing and a fee of 50 cents for enough for a year's.\nuse, for house, stable and some fencing. Water for cattle from a deep pond\nand for domestic use from wells. Have one well at 17 ft. never failing, and\nanother at 28 feet.\nWood in bluffs on homestead. Plenty of water.\nWood, poplar and oak. Not very difficult to obtain. Plenty of water by digging\nabout 12 ft.\nWood ; is plentiful here. Plenty of water from a living spring.\nElm. Plenty of water from Assiniboine River. 26\nPLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\nName.\nBobier, Thos,\nWarren, R. J...\nNiff, J. R\t\nChambers, S. W\nBailey, Z\t\nBlack, G.R....\nChampion Bros.\nMcKenzie, D\nFraser, D...\nFarmer, W. A..;,\nKing, M ,\nThompson, S\t\nAnderson, George\nMcDougall, A. G\n\"Tate, James\t\nMcMurtry, Thos.\nMcCaughey, J. S\nHeaslip, J. J\t\nBolton, F\t\nCampbell, Robert\nPaynter, J. E\nMcEwen, D. i\nConnerson, J...\nKennedy, Thos\nJohnston, Jas..\nAnswer.\nWood ; have to draw it six miles, but intend using coal, as I hear we are going\nto have it at $6,50 per ton. Good water from wells 8 ft. deep; all of my\nneighbours get plenty of good water by digging from 8 to 20 ft.\nWood; have got plenty on my farm. Plenty of water from wells and springs ;\ndepth of well 14 ft.\nPoplar; difficult to obtain, but will use coal. Plenty of water from well 18 ft. deep.\nWood, any amount of it in this district. Plenty of water ; a spring for home\nuse, and a spring creek for cattle.\nWood, rather scarce, but coal, which is superior, is easily got at Railroad Station.\nPlenty of spring and river water, wells 10 ft.\nPoplar; any quantity three miles off. Plenty of water and good well 38 ft. deep.\nDry oak and poplar; not difficult to obtain. Generally plenty of water, one\nwell 5 ft. and another 16 ft. *\nPoplar fuel. We have plenty yet, handy by. The Arrow River runs through\nmy farm. I have a spring at my house.\nWood getting scarce; expect to use coal soon. Plenty of water. Ponds and\nwells 14 ft. and 30 ft. Any amount in latter, could not be bailed dry.\nWood and coal. River water.\nWood from Qu'Appelle, and coal at $9.00 per ton on Canadian Pacific Railway.\nWater is very scarce, and draw it five miles. Have no well yet.\nWood; from three to five miles off. Plenty of water. Beaver Creek runs\nthrough the farm. Wells are from 8 to 12 ft.round here.\nWood, abundance in this district; the Weed Hills, Woolf Hills and Qu'Appelle\nbeing very adjacent and well timbered. Price to townspeople 12s. per cord.\nWe depend on slough water in summer for stock. Wells range from 6 to 35\nft.in depth.\nWood. Coal this year $6.50 per ton. Plenty of water from well 14 ft. deep.\nCoal in winter, wood in summer, both of which are easily obtainable. Get water\nfrom a never-failing spring.\nWe use coal, it is quite handy. We get water from a well about 12 ft, deep.\nCoal and wood easy to obtain. Water from well 25 to 40 ft. deep.\nCoal from Souris, 18 miles from here; not difficult to obtain. Plenty of water\nfrom a well 15 ft. deep.\nPoplar and oak wood in abundance ; haul three miles. Wells 28 ft. deep.\nPonds for cattle in summer.\nWe get our fire wood, fencing and building timber from the Riding Mountain,\nfour miles to draw. We get our water from Stoney Creek, a spring creek\nrising in the mountain and running all the year round.\nWood, difficult to^obtain. Plenty of water from a well 7 ft.\nWood at present, but intend using coal for winter. Expect to get it at Brandon,\nabout $7 (28s.) per ton. Plenty of water, well and sloughs. Wells, one 20\nft. another 35 ft.\nAll oak wood; in abundance. Water in abundance all the year round from\n% Dead Horse Creek.\"\nWood, not difficult to obtain in my case, but some have to buy. It costs\nabout $2.50 per cord. Plenty of water. Have a good spring creek.\nWood and coal. Have had no difficulty so far to obtain supply. I have a nice\ncreek crossing farm, but supply buildings by wells from 10 to 15 ft. First-\nclass water.\nMclean, J. A Poplar, oak and ash; very easy to obtain. I have to dig for water, the depth.\nis from 8 to 12 ft. PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\n27\nGrain Crops.\nThe following tables, taken from official sources, will show at a glance the average\nyield in bushels per acre of the crops of Manitoba during the last six years :\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nWheat.\nOats ...\nBarley.\nPeas ...\nRye\nPotatoes\nTurnips\nCarrots\nFlax...\n1876\n1877\n1878\n1879\n1880\n1881\n1882\n1883\n1884\n32\n26U\n26K\n26^\n29K\n3\u00C2\u00B0\n32\n27\n51\nS9U\n59^\n58\n57U\n59\n51\n56\n41\n40H\n63\n372A\n41\n40\n37\n35\n32\n32\n34\n32X\n38K\n38\n30\n3\u00C2\u00B0\n30\n40\n40\n35\n229\n3\u00C2\u00B04\n308\n302\n3i8\n320\n278\n259\n583\n400\n\"\n28\nGeneral\nAverage.\n29\n56\n42\n34\n35\n287\n583\n400\n28\nThe following are the chief averages of the chief wheat-growing countries of the\nWorld, as officially given for a series of years :\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nManitoba, average yield per acre in bushels...\nGreat Britain and Ireland \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\t\nMinnesota (the Empire Wheat State of the Union)\nUnited States\t\nOntario\t\nSouth Australia\t\nWisconsin . t...\t\nIowa\t\nOhio\t\nIndiana\t\nIllinois\t\nWheat.\nBarley.\n1\n29\n42\n28-8\n34'2\n114\nS2'5\n13\n13-6\n8\n2467\nn*3\n6-6\n24*5\n20-8\n!3'3\nio-8\n16*4\n26\n8*2\n\u00C2\u00A3gjj\nOats.\n56\n43'2\n35*&\n39\n28 &\n26 2\n277\n23\n33*4\nAsked as to the probable yield per acre of their wheat, barley, and oat crops\nFarmers replied as follows :\u00E2\u0080\u0094 28\nPLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\nName.\nSheppard, Joseph\nStevenson, T. W\t\nLittle, James\t\nMorton, Thomas L....\nMcLean, John A\t\nPaul, James M\t\nRutherford, Jonathan..\nWat, James\t\nBoulding, G. T\t\nStowards, R. C\t\nDay, John F ...\nLeitch, Angus\t\nDaniels, Joseph\t\nReid, E. J\t\nRobier, Thos..\t\nMcKenzie, Kenneth...\nTodd, P. R\t\nMcBean, Angus\t\nHarris, James\t\nOsborne, Daniel.\nSlater, Charles B\t\nWright, Charles\t\nProctor, Henry\t\nSmith, W. P\t\nRobertson, P \u00E2\u0080\u00A2.\nLothian, James\t\nBruce, George\t\nWebster, A\nDownie, John\nSirett, W. F.\n\"Young, John.\nFinlay, James -..\nDeyell, John\nBailey, Zachary\nPatterson, Abr.\nHowey, Wm...\n'Grigg, S\t\nElliott, T. D...\nMcRae, Roderick\nArmstrong, George..\nYield of Wheat per acre\nin bushels.\nAbout 40,\n40 !\nAverage 40\n40 at least, I had 45 last\nyear....\n40\t\nAbout 35.\n35\t\n35\t\nExpect 35\n35\t\n35\t\n35\nBarley.\n40,\n40.......\nAbout 30.\n25\t\n5\u00C2\u00B0\t\nAbout 35\t\n32\t\n32, very good\n32\t\n32\t\nAbout 30 or 40.... ,\nFrom 30 to 35 ..., ,\nBetween 35 and 40,\n3\u00C2\u00B0 to 35 \t\nBetween 30 and 35,\nAverage about 30..\nA certain 30\t\n30\t\n3\u00C2\u00B0\t\n3\u00C2\u00B0\t\n30 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\t\n30\t\n30\t\nOats.\n50 \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\n40.\n40\n30\n30\t\nAbout 40 or 50\n40 to 50\t\n35\t\nBlack barley average 25\n40 last year\t\n35\t\nAbout 50.\nPartly 70 and partly 40.\nAverage 70.\n50-\nSome 60 and some 80.\nAbout 50.\n46.\n65.\nExpect 70.\n60.\n60.\n30- ;\t\n30 last year, and my crop\nis better this year....\n3\u00C2\u00B0\t\n30\t\n30\t\n3\u00C2\u00B0\t\n30\t\n30\t\nOn account of a dry\nspring it will not go\nover 30\t\nOver 40, I should think,\nnot thrashed yet....\n30 on this season's\nbreaking ....\n50, the best I ever saw\n40\t\nI have none ; but my\nneighbors' will yield\nabout 45\t\n30\t\n5o\t\n40\t\n35\t\n40\t\n5o\t\nAbout 40\n5o.\n50 to 60.\nAbout 45.\nf5o.\nAbout 80.\n50 to 80.\nAbout 60.\n40 to 50.\n60.\nAverage 50, good crop.\n70 at least.\n35-\n60.\nBadly wasted by hail storm.\n40 on this season's breaking.\n60 to 70.\n40. They did not do well this\nyear; too dry\nthe spring.\n50 to 60.\n60.\n70.\n40.\nAbout 60.\n60.\n5o.\n60.\n5o-\nA [dry spring makes a small\nyield, say 35.\nm PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\n29\nName.\nChester, A\t\nObee, F*\t\nMuirhead, Thos\t\nMcintosh, Archd\nHall, P\t\nSpeers, A. R\t\nMitchell, Jno\t\nMiller, Solomon\nHope, Geo.\nMcLane, A. M.\nGibson, John.\nThompson, S.\nHaney, A. W,\nHall, W. B\t\nMcKellar\t\nHarrison, D. H.\nTaylor, Wm,...\nStevenson, G. B\nHeaslip, J. J....\nCoay, Thomas..\nPollard, Alfd....\nMcGhee, James.\nAustin, A., senr\nPurdy, Thos....\nSmith, Wm\nLang, Robt\nYield of wheat per acre\nin bushels.\nCertainly expect 30....\n3\u00C2\u00B0 :\t\nAverage will be 30....\n10\t\n30\t\n30\t\nExpect average\nprobably 28 or 30..\nAbout 28\t\n28\t\nAbout 28\t\nI expect it will yield 26\nas it is a good crop..\n20\t\n26 on land broken last\nyear, not backset...\n25 to 30\t\n25 to 30\t\n25 to 30\t\n25, and likely 30\n25 to 30\t\n25 to 30\t\nAveraging 25..,\n25\t\nAbout 25\t\nEstimated at 25.\nAbout 25\n25\t\nBarley.\n40\t\n35\t\nAverage 30...\nGood maturity\n40\t\n5o or 55\n40 \t\n3\u00C2\u00B0 1\t\n35 on Spring backsetting\t\n40,\nAbout 30,\n40 \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\nAbout 30,\nFully 50.\nAbout 25\nAveraging 60,\n35\t\n25 ; land not well tilled\n40\n35'\nOats.\n50 to 60\n5o\nAverage 50\n5o\n60\n70\nProbably 40\nBetween 50 and 60\n5o\n25, on Spring backsetting\n50\nAbout 45\n75, on land broken last year,\nand not backset.\nAbout 40\n40\n50 to 60\nAbout 40\nOnly about 40; last year\nI had 65\nFrom 50 to 70\nAbout 50 or 60 on average\nAveraging 50\n40\nAbout 40\n40, badly tilled; on ac- \\ncount of dry weather,\nlast year did not rot.\n40\n45 .\nRoots and Vegetables.\nAll root crops yield well, turnips standing next to potatoes in area of cultivation.\nThey are in no reported instance infested by flies or other insects. Mangold-wurzels\nand carrots are not cultivated as field crops to any great extent.\nAll garden vegetables produce prolific crops, and the Province sustains an extraordinary reputation for their production. During recent years a very large and general\nincrease has taken place in the acreage devoted to the cultivation of garden products.\nIn the earlier years of the Province's history new settlers had but little time to devote to\ngardening, but once having got their farms into good working order, they are\ntdevoting more attention to it, with most satisfactory results. 30\nPLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\nThe following are instances taken from farmers' reports of success in the growth\nof vegetables, and in conjunction with these reports it must be remembered that very\nfew, if any, of these farmers used special means to produce these results. The question\nasked was : | What yield of vegetables have you had, and what is your experince in\nraising them ?\" For postal address of each settler, see pages 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.\nName.\nDicken, George.\nYardley, Henry\nProctor, Henry.\nKnight, W. G,\nJeffrey, William\nBlythe, R\t\nField, Edward,\nPollard, Alfred.\nOrr, James D..,\nLothian, James.\nMcGhee, Jas\t\nGibson, Wm\t\nBruce, George,\nMitchell, John.\nMiddleton, Alex\nAnswer, in bushels per acre.\nHave had carrots 12 inches round, and grown cucumbers successfully in the open.\nBeans and potatoes very good, better than I ever raised in England with 20\nyears' experience. Turnips very good, and mangolds good.\nPotatoes, 300. I have grown in the garden beans, peas, carrots, parsnips, beets,\ncabbage, (several kinds), onions. With attention all do well.\nPotatoes, 300, well manured ; turnips,* 600, well manured; Carrots and peas,\nbeans and flax, have also done well in small lots. I have grown almost all\nkinds of vegetables with the best results.\nPotatoes, about 160. All kinds of garden produce grow luxuriously ; that is,\nall and every kind that can be grown in England, and do not require manure^\nfor some years.\nI have grown almost all kinds, and the quality is splendid.\nPotatoes, 150, on the breaking; my beans were frozen. The first year it is-\nnot well to sow vegetables on the breaking, except for home use, otherwise, after the ground has been properly worked, nearly all vegetables thriv i\nwell.\nPotatoes, 300 ; turnips, from 500 to 700. Carrots, peas and beans, I have only\ngrown on a small scale; the yield is good. Vegetables are a great success in.\nthis country, and come on very rapidly. I have grown potatoes, onions,\ncarrots, beets, corn, cucumbers, parsnips, radishes, lettuce, cabbage, broccoli,\ncauliflower, melon ; in fact same as we grow in England.\nPotatoes, 300. An abundant crop of turnips, carrots, peas and beans. My\nvegetables have this year generally been a failure. I have grown almost every\ndescription of vegetables with great success.\nPotatoes, 300 ; turnips, 400. I have only grown vegetables in the garden, but\nthey all do extremely well.\nPotatoes, 300. Have raised cabbages, carrots, onions and beet, all of which did\nwell. With a little experience of the climate, I believe gardening can be made-\na success in all sorts of vegetables.\nPotatoes, 100. This country is second to none for vegetables.\nPotatoes, 200. Cabbage, Scotch kail, rhubarb, onions, carrots, turnips, parsley,\npeas, pumpkins and sage, all do well with climate and soil. We have used\npotatoes two months after planting them.\nPotatoes, 400. I have grown almost every kind of cabbage and garden stuff you\ncan mention. I have lifted cabbage this fall 20 lbs. in weight.\nPotatoes, 180. Turnips, carrots, onions, beets, parsnips, parsley, lettuce, and\nradishes all grow well. I have not made such headway with cabbage.\nRhubarb grows splendidly.\nI find no difficulty in growing any of the vegetables I was acquainted with in<\nScotland. They all require to be sown early in the season. PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\n31\nName.\nAnswer, in bushels per acre.\nPerley, W. D..,\nPrat, Jno\t\nMiller, Solomon\nMcGill, George\nSmith, William.,\nIngram, W. A.. \\nLawrie, J. M...,\nDoyle, W. A...,\nSheppard, Jos...\nStevenson, T. W\nDepell, John....\nWalker, J. C...,\nMooney, Jno....\nHorner, T. R...\nDavis, Jno. B...\nPowers, C. F....\nRutherford, J....\nPotatoes grow splendidly, and of fine quality, without manure. Carrots will\ngrow fine, but have not had much experience. Peas grow splendidly. I believe manure would help and produce a large crop, but for quality, the present\ncan't be excelled.\nHave some parsnips grown on land which had a crop of peas and potatoes on it\nlast, and no manure put on it, and took one or two potatoes, a week ago,\nwhich were 2% inches in diameter, and long in proportion.\nPotatoes, 400 ; turnips, 750.\nPotatoes average 250 bushels (of 60 lbs.) per acre. Never saw a better crop of\npotatoes, in any country, than I have this year. Turnips, carrots, peas, beans,\nand fla^f, are good.\nPotatoes, 300; turnips, 800. Have also grown carrots, parsnips, onions, cabbage,\ncauliflowers, pumpkins, melons, citrons, cucumbers, lettuce, squash, tomatoes\nand raddish.\nPotatoes, 300 to 500 ; turnips, carrots and beans do well; peas 30, and flax 20.\nEverything in the way of vegetables does immensely, except Indian corn and\ntomatoes, which I do not find as yet a success.\nPotatoes, 250. Only raised turnips and carrots in garden, but they would do\nwell here. My experience is that vegetables cannot be raised more successfully\nin any other country.\nPotatoes, about 250; peas, about 25. Have never seen vegetables equal to those\nof Manitoba. We cannot raise squash, melons or pumpkins to maturity,\nhowever. Carrots, beets, maize, onions, salsify, celery, chicory, radishes and\ncucumbers all do unusualy well with us.\nPotatoes, 200; peas, 60 lbs. per acre. Vegetables very good; you can raise every\nkind to perfection.\nPotatoes, 300. Turnips not attended to would have produced 400 or 500\nbushels per acre. I never saw as fine vegetables anywhere else, except\nturnips.\nPotatoes, 359; turnips, 800. Peas do well. Vegetables do very well.\nPotatoes, 300; turnips, 600; carrots, 300; peas, 30 and beans, 40. Have grown\nwith good results; potatoes, turnips, mangold-wurtzels, beets, carrots, parsnips,\nonions, radishes, cabbages, cauliflowers and many others.\nPotatoes, from 300 to 400. Turnips 600, and peas 30. All vegetables do well.\nHave also grown carrots, beets, cabbage, tomatoes, squash, citron, onions,\nrhubarb and pumpkins.\nI never saw vegetables grown to better success than here; in fact, they are the\nsurest crops we can grow. I have grown potatoes, turnips, carrots and beets\nwith perfect satisfaction.\nPotatoes 300, turnips 600, carrots 600, peas 30, beans 25, and flax 30. Have\nalso grown cabbage, beets, tomatoes, radishes, onions, salsify, pie plant,\nlettuce, pumpkins, grapes, artichokes, pepper and parsnips.\nPotatoes 200, turnips 500, carrots 400, peas 30. Beans do well. All vegetables\ncan be grown with great success.\nPotatoes 350, turnips 600 to 800, carrots 400 to 500, and peas 40 to 50. I have\ngrown successfully:\u00E2\u0080\u0094Cabbage, carrots, parsnips, beets, onions, lettuce,\nradishes, beans, dr\u00C2\u00BBc. 32\nPLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\nName.\nBobier, Thos\nPatterson, Abr..\nFraser, D. D. ..\nOsborne, Daniel\nHarrison, D. H.\nThompson, S...\nRawson, James.\nAnswer, in bushels per acre.\nStevenson, G. B..\nStirton, James\nSlater, C.B......\nBurgess, J. W...,\nConnerson, James\nPotatoes, about 300. Turnips generally have not done well this year, the weather\nbeing very dry when they were sown in the spring. I never grew any except\nin the garden; these are excellent. Have grown peas two years; they do\nfirst-class here. Beans can be grown here in abundance. I have grown the\nfinest potatoes that I ever grew in my life, both in quantity and quality.\nCarrots, cabbage, cauliflowers and other garden stuff grown in this country,\nare of the very best quality.\nPotatoes, from 250 to 300, and turnips, 500. Carrots average 450. All kinds\nof vegetables grow well. I have also grown beet, onions, radishes, cabbage,\ncauliflower, melon, citron and cucumbers.\nPotatoes, turnips, carrots, peas, beans and flax do very well, without any care\nand trouble. If the seed is only sown early, with care and cultivation, the\nyield is enormous. ,i'i -^y\nPotatoes, 200 bushels from half acre. The yield of turnips and carrots was poor,\nowing to the drought in the spring. Flax was good. Vegetables did fairly.\nAll cullender vegetables do well here.\nPotatoes, 300; really magnificent. Also turnips, carrots and mangolds ; the\nlatter yield well. Cabbages and cauliflowers do well.\nPotatoes, about 350. I had nine waggon loads (about 30 bushels each) of\nturni*ps off half an acre last year. Carrots, 500; peas, 50 bushels off two\nacres one year; beans, 40 to 60 ; flax 15. All kinds do well here ; cabbages,\ncauliflowers, beets, melons, cucumbers, cVc. Onions do splendidly. Tomatoes\nare not a success; we have lots of them, but they are green yet (September. )\nMy potatoes are the best I ever saw in this country. Turnip, very heavy yield,\nalso carrots; peas, 30. This equals any country for the growth of vegetation.\nHave grown beets, onions, melons, citrons, cucumbers, pumpkins, tomatoes,\nradishes, celery and lettuces.\nPotatoes, 400, and peas 40. All garden vegetables usually grown on a farm,\ngrow first class. Onions and cabbages grow extra large and are of fine\nquality.\nI had a fair crop of potatoes this year. My turnips were poor on breaking. The\nyield of carrots was good, but frost killed my beans. Carrots, cabbages, onions,\nparsnips, potatoes and beets are all doing well.\nPotatoes 500, turnips 1,000. Have also grown beets.\nPotatoes 200, turnips about 250, and peas and beans from 14 to 15. I think\nI could raise about 300 bushels of carrots per acre. Vegetables grow\nfirst-class. Sweet corn, cabbages, carrots and long and turnip beets\ngrow to perfection; tomatoes splendidly; onions in abundance. Have also\ngrown celery, musk and water melons, cVc. Took $15 prize money two\nyears ago.\nYield of potatoes and turnips heavy ; carrots are simply immense ; peas are not\ngood here, the land is too heavy; beans do well, and flax yields from 20\nto 30. This is a splendid country for vegetables. I have also grown\nmangold-wurtzels, onions, beets, parsnips, tomatoes, cucumbers, melons,\ncitrons, squash, celery, cabbage, cauliflower, radishes, kail, brussels sprouts,\nlettuce, salsify and mushrooms. I have the Provincial Diploma for the best\ncollection of garden vegetables. PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\n38\nName.\nChambers, W.\nBole, J....\nDay, S. D.\nMcDonald,\nMcLean, J.\nx\ * \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 * \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nW. M....\nA\t\nSpeers, A. R,\nAnswer, in bushels per acre.\nPotatoes 300, turnips 1,000, and white Belgian carrots 500. Drought affected\nmy peas this year, but they will yield 25 ; beans do well here. A little\ncapital invested in flax seed culture and the manufacture of twine or cord for\nour self-binding machines, would result in great wealth. Onions, table carrots,\nparsnips, beets, turnips, radishes, lettuces, melons, tomatoes, peas, parsley,\nand all sorts of garden and field vegetables can be grown here to perfection ;\nat least, that is my usual experience.\nPotatoes 300. All kinds of vegetables do well in the North-West when the\nground is properly prepared.\nPotatoes about 400 ; turnips 600, and peas 20. Have very fine cabbage, carrots,\nturnips, beans, parsnips, beets, onions, lettuce, spinach, rhubarb, radishes and\ncucumbers. Have raised tomatoes and Indian corn, but not with success.\nPotatoes 500; turnips 1,000, and peas 30.\nPotatoes 409, sometimes more; turnips from 400 to 600. Peas and beans do\nwell. Any and every kind of vegetable does wonderfully well in this couniry.\nI believe there is no better country in the known world that can come up to the\ncountry for vegetables.\nPotatoes 400, turnips 1,000, peas 30, flax 40. Carrots remarkably good crop ;\nbeans yield splendid.\nThe Use of Manure.\nFertilizers are not used in the North-West, for they are not needed, and common\nmanure is used but sparingly. The land is, indeed, in most cases, so rich that the using\nof it during the first years of cultivation would be apt to encourage the growth of straw,\nand make the crops too rank. After the second year manure in limited quantities may\nbe used with advantage to prevent any exhaustion of the land.\nThis is the general experience of settlers to be found related with their opinions on\nmany other useful subjects in an additional pamphlet, to be had free on application to\nMr. Begg, Canadian Pacific Offices, 88 Cannon Street, London:\u00E2\u0080\u0094| When you have it,\nput it on your light land, don't waste it; but it is. not necessary for years.\" One settler,\nMr. William Gibson, of Loganstone Farm, Wolseley, says : \" I have used manure to a few\npotatoes to try the effect it had along with others planted without manure, and they did\nno better with it.\"\nStock Raising and the Hay Supply.\nThe general healthiness of the climate and the favorable conditions for feeding\nhorses, cattle, and sheep, make stock-raising a most profitable industry. The boundless\nprairies, covered with luxuriant grasses, giving an unusually large yield, and the cool\nnights for which Manitoba is famous, are most beneficial features in regard to stock ; and\nthe remarkable dryness and healthiness of the winter tend to make cattle fat and well-\nconditioned. The easy access to good water is another advantage in stock-raising. The 34\nPLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\nabundance of hay almost everywhere makes it an easy matter for farmers to winter their\nstock j and in addition to this there is, and always will be, a ready home market for\nbeef.\nOwing to the abundance and excellence of prairie hay, little has hitherto been done\nin the cultivation of grasses, though what small quantity is cultivated is largely of the\nTimothy and Hungarian classes. The average yield of hay per acre is 2^ to 3 tons-;\nsometimes 4 tons are gathered, and in wet seasons as many as five tons. The crop of\n1882 was an abundant one, and was generally saved in good condition, while, in 1883\nalmost a double yield was gathered.\nOn these points the experience of settlers is especially valuable. Their statements\nanswer the questions : \" How many horses and cattle have you ? Have you plenty\nof hay, and do cattle thrive on the wild prairie grasses ? How do your animals\nthrive in winter, and where do you stock them ?\" For postal address of each settler,\nsee pages 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.\nName.\nDickin, George\nHind, Brothers,\nUrton, W. S..\nYardly, Henry.\nField, Edward,\nAnswer.\nPhilips, S....\nHutchison, A.\nMercer, Jas..\nKnight, W. I\n17 cattle. Can cut 20 tons, and can get other on government land. Cattle\ndo equally as well as they did in pastures in England ; they thrive well in\nwinter with the same shelter they get there, pole and hay stable.\n1 horse and ten head of cattle. Yes. Cattle do well; wintered first-class.\n5 horses and 1 cow. Yes. Cattle do splendidly, better than on English hay.\nThey are stabled in winter during very bad days, but are turned out most\ndays.\nI have 3 oxen and two yearling steers. I have sufficient hay for 20 head of cattle;\nthey thrive first-class. Last winter I took 12 head of cattle from a neighbour.\nThey came out in the spring equal to when I was in England. I kept them in\nopen sheds with yards last winter. My neighbour has his in stables, and they\ndo not do as well as mine.\n30 horses and 20 head of cattle. Plenty of hay ; cattle get fat in summer on the\nprairie grasses. I house them in a log stable during winter.\n20 head of cattle, 3 horses, 19 sheep and 2 pigs. Yes; cattle get very fat on\nthe prairie grass in summer; they do well in the stable in winter. I fed\nthem on hay alone last winter; this winter I intend using grain and roots in\nsmall quantities.\n9 head of cattle at the present time. Plenty of hay. Cattle thrive well on wild\ngrasses. Is have wintered over twice the above number of cattle. I stable\nyoung cattle, large cattle run loose in open sheds.\nNo horses, 45 head of cattle Plenty of hay. My thoroughbred short-horns\nhave nothing but the wild grasses of the country, and they are in splendid\nconditon, in fact quite fat. I should take a prize for Christmas beef in England ; the beef cannot be beaten. Cattle thrive well in winter, on hay only.\nSome are in stables and some out.\nPlenty of hay. Cattle undoubtedly thrive well in winter, and get very fat\nin summer. Both horses and cattle do well in the winter in the stable at\nnight. Heifers, steers, cVc, in open sheds. Native horses and half-bred\nhorses thrive well out on the prairie all winter, if you have no work for\nthem. PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\n35\nName.\nPollard, Alfred\t\nRobertson, P ,\nCowlord, C\t\nGibson, Wm\t\nBruce, George\t\nMiddleton, Alex ...\nWarnock, Wm....\nReid, Alex\t\nFraser, John.\t\nPerley, W. D\t\nMalhoit, Z........\nMcGill, Geo\t\nGrimmett, D. W...\nPurdy, Thos. F....\nDownie, Jno......\nMcBean, A\t\nAnswer.\nA scarcity of hay in this part. Cattle thrive wonderfully. > I house them in\nwinter, and feed them on straw, hay, and roots.\n3 horses and 12 cattle. Plenty of prairie hay, and cattle do well on it.\nThey get on well in stable in winter. I let them out every day, if\npossible.\n67 cattle and 3 horses. Cattle do all that I can wish. I winter them in log\nstables.\n3 horses, 2 colts, I pair of oxen, 2 cows, 1 bull and 2 sheep. I have hay in\nabundance ; cut it this summer 66 inches long; and cattle get fat on it without\nany other seed in winter. I winter cattle in log stables, and they get nothing\nbut hay. Horses have hay, with a little oats.\n18 head of cattle. They do well on prairie hay, and do well all winter.\n2 work oxen and cow and 2 calves. Hay has been difficult to put up owing to\nlight crop. Cattle thrive on wild grass. When well housed; they thrive well\nin winter on hay and water, with a little salt.\n3 horses and 15 cattle. I have enough hay for present stock j they do better on\nwild hay. I winter my horses and milk cows in stable; steers and young\nstock in shed open to the south, and they thrive well.\nPlenty of hay. Cattle do splendidly on the wild grasses, better than on some\nhay. They thrive well in winter ; I stable them at night and let them out\nduring the day.\n7 head of cattle and learn of horses. Plenty of hay, and cattle come out\nfat on with nothing but prairie hay in spring; they do well in stable in\nwinter.\n1 have only a small stock, but they do fine in winter. I have not much hay,\nbut the prairie grass all over the N W. far exceeds the best quality of cultivated\nhay in the East. I never saw so fine and fat animals as this prairie grass will\nmake.\n18 horses. Plenty of hay ; and cattle are doing very well. I winter them in a\nframe stable, and they do first-class.\n2 horses, 3 cows, and some young stock. Cattle winter better on prairie hay in\nthis climate than they do in Ontario. A better name for it would be | lawn\nhay,\" a quality well understood in Europe. I keep the cattle in rough weather\nin winter, and they winter easily. \\n1 yoke oxen and 2 ponies. Plenty of very nutritious hay. Cattle fatten on it\nin winter. I can put it up at 200 dols. per ton, and make money. I winter\nmy stock in sod and strew stable, and they thrive well, that is, when I fatten\nthem.\n6 horses, 4 oxen, 2 cows, and 2 yearlings. Hay plenty in certain localities. Cattle\ndo splendidly; never saw them get so fat on grass. I have a barn 16 by 45\ndug in bank; it will house 16 head, horses and cattle. Loft on top ; will\nhold 10 tons of hay. The cattle do well in winter.\n2 horses and 12 cattle. Plenty of hay ; cattle fed on the hay here are fit for the\nbutcher in spring. I keep them in winter most generally in stables; they are\nrolling fat in the spring on hay and water.\n15 horses and 50 cattle. Cattle thrive well on wild grasses ; I winter them all\ninside and they thrive very well, where feed can be obtained. 36\nPLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NOHTH-WEST*\nSirrett, Wm. F,\nDoyle, W. A.\nLang, Robt ..\nRiddle, Robt.\nPollock, John\nPowers, C. F.,\nRutherford, J.\nBobier, Thomas.\nLittle, James.\nMcKnight, R\nVandervoort, Geo,\nBlack, G. R...\nHowey, Wm.-\nGilmour, H. C.\n4 horses and seven head of cattle. Plenty of hay ; cattle do better here than on\nthe cultivated grasses or in the woods of Ontario. I stable them at night\nin the winter and keep them in a yard in the daytime ; they thrive well. I \"\nmilked my cows nearly all winter, bull and young stock lived at the straw\nstack all winter.\ni horses and 47 head of cattle and hogs. Plenty of hay; my cattle do not\nnot seem to want anything but the wild hay if well cured, and they\nwinter well without buildings if in tinchel out of wind. The working\nbullocks, milk cows and calves are stabled in winter, the balance have\nsheds as windbrakes severely, and a belt of tinchel to shelter from winds\nalso.\n10 horses and 35 horned grades which do well. Plenty of bay. Never saw\ncattle do better ; my stock does well in log stables during winter.\n2 horses and head of cattle. I have an abundance of hay. Cattle do well. I\nwinter my stock in the open-air sheds, and they thrive well.\n1 have 1 yoke of cattle. \"Plenty of hay, and cattle do very well on it without\ngrain. They do splendidly in winter in a stable of sods or logs.\n10 horses, 10 cattle and 20 sheep. I have 20 acres of Timothy, plenty of\nwild hay. Cattle all do well. I winter my stock in stables made from\nlogs, and covered with straw. Cattle and sheep do belter than in\nOntario.\n2 horses, 1 yoke of oxen, 3 cows, 2 two year olds, 1 one year old, and 5\ncalves. I winter my stock in the house when very cold, otherwise let\nthem have their liberty, as stock thrive best to get their liberty to move\nabout.\nI cut 100 tons of hay (handless). Thousands of cattle in Ontario, and had\n600 acres under pasture there, but never had cattle do so well in Ontario.\nCattle and horses do very well in winter, and the gr*-at reason is that there are\nno rain or sleet storms here during winter. I winter my stock in a stable built\nof poplar posts sunk in' ground, sided with lumber and sodded, covered with\npoles and straw.\nAll kinds of stock do well here. There is all the hay that I require. I winter\nmy stock in stables, and some out of doors where there is shelter.\n4 horses and 29 cattle. Any amount of hay. Cattle do well on prairie grass.\nIn winter I stable my stock at nights, and run out during days; they are no\ntrouble to keep fat.\n3 horses and 2 cows. There is a goodly supply of hay, and cattle thrive better\non wild hay than they do on cultivated. In winter I stable horses and milch\ncows, but let the young run in an open shed around the straw stack. They\nthrive splendidly, only I think horses require a little more grain than they do\nin Ontario.\n9 horses and cattle. No hay, but cattle do exceedingly well on the wild\n\" have\nlittle\ngram.\nI\ngrasses. I stable my stock in winter with straw and a\nno trouble.\n4 horses, and 8 head of cattle ; lots of hay; cattle keep fat on it all the\nwinter. I winter my cows in stables, young stock outside, and they do\nwell.\nWe have a te'am of horses, and 28 head of cattle. We have plenty of hay, and\ncattle do exceedingly well on it. They winter well in a log stable on the open\npiairie. ''m\u00C2\u00A3 PLAIN^FACTS^AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\n37\nName.\nHartney, J. H.\nSmart, George\nElliott, T.D..\nAnswer.\nII horses, 2 mules and 4 head cattle. Plenty of hay, and horned cattle thrive\nexceedingly well on prairie hay. Up to this time I have wintered my stock\nin log stable, covered with poles and straw, and they thrive well.\n2 horses and 5 cattle. Plenty of hay, and cattle thrive well on wild grass. In\nwinter I feed my stock on prairie hay, and let them run at straw stack.\nThey are as fat in the spring as in Ontario in the fall.\n13 horse kind and 10 of cattle. Plenty of hay, and cattle do well. They all do\nwell in winter in sheds made of straw.\nSheep Raising.\nSheep-growing is now becoming an important industry in the Canadian North-West,\nand the climatic conditions are such as to render the yield of wool much finer and the\nfibre considerably shorter than that from the same class or breed of sheep elsewhere.\nSheep have been entirely free from disease in the North-West, and foot-rot has never\noccurred so far as can be ascertained.\nI Do sheep thrive in the Canadian North-West, and is sheep-raising profitable |\u00C2\u00A7\nIn answering this question 57 settlers replied i Yes.\" The replies of the others are\ngiven below. The full name and postal address of each settler are given on pages 3, 4,\n5, 6, 7 or 8.\nName.\nDickens, G...\nUrton, W. S..\nYardley, H...\nHutchinson, A\nProctor, H.....\nMercer, J\t\nLawrence, J \u00E2\u0080\u00A2...\nPollard, A....\nRobertson, P..,\nAnswer.\nYes, only cannot get them here to suit the settlers in small lots.\nThey thrive well and are very profitable.\nIn my opinion sheep will do well; very profitable.\nAm testing the above now, and believe they will both thrive and be profitable.\nVery profitable and do well.\nYes, sheep thrive well and are profitable.\nYes. I don't think there is anything that will pay better. They do much better\nthan in England or Ontario.\nShould like to go in for this branch largely, if means were forthcoming.\nSheep require a great deal of attention in this country. No doubt they could\nbe raised to pay well here. 38\nPLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\nName.,\nUpjohn, F\nHarward, F,\nMcGhee, J\t\nBruce, G\t\nWarnock, Wm,\nFraser, John..\nGrang, J\t\nPurdy, T. F..\nDavis, W. H..\nRogers,\nDownie,\nT,\nJ-\nAnderson, George.\nYoung, J. M. L.\nDoyle, W. A....\nArmstrong, Geo\nWalker, J. C...\nRiddle, R ,\nWat, J\t\nPowers, C. F..\nRutherford, J...\nCarter, T\t\nRobier, T\t\nWarren, R. T...\nMcknight, R....\nChambers, S.W\nPatterson, A.\nLittle, J\t\nMcLennan, T..,\nMcKenzie, D.,\nGilmour, H. C,\nF,\nOgletree,\nHarris, J....\nSmart, G...,\nElliott, T. D,\nShirk, J. M.,\nChester, A..,\nLambert, W. M..\nBoulding, G. W..\nMclntyre, J \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nWagner, W.....\nAnswer.\nSKs,\nIn this location they do well. No stock pays so well, and they are neither\ntrouble or cost.\nSheep are scarce, but do well. I find them unprofitable for want of mills in my\nneighborhood.\nThey do very well. Sheep raising is very profitable.\nSheep thrive well here and are very profitable.\nYes ; have found them do splendidly, with fair profit.\nYes, sheep do well; very profitable.\nYes, for those who have capital to put into it. _\nSheep do well; very profitable at present.\nSheep thrive well, but would not pay in this part yet, as there are no woollen\nmanufactories in this part. *\nSheep, I feel sure, will do well, and be profitable.\nThe best sheep I ever saw were raised in Manitoba. I saw mutton with three\ninches of fat on the rib\". Sheep raising is profitable.\nI have some sheep; they thrive well, and would be profitable.\nSheep do well in some parts, but the spear grass in some places gets into their\nwool, and is severe on them.\nYes; will be profitable when market for wool is obtained.\nYes, particularly well, being profitable for mutton.\nSheep do well and pay well.\nThey thrive well and are profitable.\nYes, if we had a market for wool.\nI think the most profitable of any stock.\nThrive well and are profitable to those who have them.\nWhere there is no spear grass they do well and pay well.\nThey do well, and will pay the man that raises them, as the wool and meat are\nneeded in the country.\nThrive well.\nSheep do well, they are a paying stock.\nSheep thrive well. Nothing I know of would be more profitable.\nSheep thrive well, and L think would be profitable if there were more.\nSheep thrive well and are very profitable.\nYes, sheep thrive, and sheep .aising is profitable. It would be more so if\nthere were wool factories in this neighborhood. Good inducements for\nsome enterprising man.\nSheep do well; they are profitable.\nhave a small flock of sheep, and they do exceedingly well. I think it very\nprofitable.\nThey thrive well, but I do not consider them very profitable at present.\nSheep have been tried in this country and do very well, and are profitable.\nYes; no demand for wool, as yet, in this part, else it would pay better.\nThis is a first-class sheep country.\nYes, it is considered profitable.\nThere are not many sheep here. What there are do well.\nSheep do well and are profitable.\nDo well, with profit.\nSheep thrive well and are profitable.\nYes, and pay well. Farmers get from 12 to 14 cents per pound in carcase, PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\n39\nName.\nNelson, R\t\nStirton, J ......\nMcDonell, D\t\nWilson, J\t\nHeaney, J\t\nFargey\u00C2\u00BBJ- H\t\nConnerson, J\t\nRorison, W. D. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nMcKenzie, K ....*....\nKennedy, T.\t\nHarris, A. B\t\nBartley, N\t\nChambers, W\t\nGarratt and Ferguson.\nTodd, P. R\t\nSutherland, W. R\t\nHoard, C \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00C2\u00BB\nSpeers, A. R\t\nCox, W\t\nAnswer.\nYes, they do well and will pay.\nSheep do splendidly, and pay better to raise than any other stock.\nSheep thrive well in different parts of the country.\nSheep raising is very profitable, if on a high scale.\nThey thrive well.\nDo veay well and pay well.\nIt is a first-class country for sheep raising.\nYes, very well and profitable by keeping them dry in winter.\nNo, unless on cultivated land.\nThey thrive well and will be profitable.\nYes, I believe it would be profitable if properly attended to.\nThey thrive well, but get too fat to breed to advantage. No fair trial hasjyet\nbeen made in this vicinity.\nSheep are considered very profitable and thrive well.\nAll the sheep 1 have seen are doing well and will be profitable.\nYes, they thrive well and it will be profitable to keep them.\nOur sheep do exceedingly well; they run the prairie in summer, and are under\nshed in winter.\nSheep thrive well and are profitable.\nThey do splendidly.\nYes, very profitable.\nSheep thrive very well and are found to be very profitable.\nHorses, Pigs and Poultry.\nThe raising of horses has not as yet assumed any considerable proportions, though\nwhat has been done in this direction has met with success. There are few countries\nwhere the horses have such immunity from the diseases of stock as they have in the\nNorth-West.\nAs to pigs, the Berkshire breed seems best suited to the country, as the pigs of this\nclass mature rapidly and fatten easily, living on the grass and making good pork in six\nor seven months with proper feeding. The breeding and fattening of pigs increased\nconsiderably in 1882 and subsequent years, and no disease was reported among them.\nPoultry do exceedingly well in the North-West, especially turkeys, owing to the dryness of the climate. Manitoba is itself the home of the wild duck, goose and chicken, and\nthose who devote care and attention to the raising of poultry are sure of a good re'turn.\nIt is important to add that no disease of a contagious or infectious character exists\namong the cattle and sheep of the North-West, and that every care is taken by the\nProvincial Government to promote the interest of breeders. Among the more' recent\nmeasures adopted is the appointment of veterinary surgeons in each county, to look after\nthe interests of stock raisers, and to carry out the stringent regulations now in force to\nprevent the introduction of disease among cattle and horses. 40 PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\nRaising of Bees.\nApiculture is successfully carried on in the North-West, as bees require a clear, dry\natmosphere and a rich harvest of flowers ; if the air is damp, or the weather cloudy, they\nwill not work so well. Another reason why they work less in a warm climate is that-\nthe honey gatheied remains fluid for sealing a longer time, and if gathered faster than it\nthickens, it sours and spoils. The clear bright skies, dry air and rich flora are therefore\nwell adapted to bee culture.\nf Fruits.\nWild fruits, attaining to great perfection, abound in Manitoba and the North-West.\nWild plums, grapes, raspberries, gooseberries, strawberries, cherries, cranberries, and\nother berries of various kinds abound and are of luscious quality. Little attention has\nhitherto been paid to fruit growing, owing to the time of settlers being too much occupied with the important work ot erecting buildings, and getting their lands fairly under\ncultivation, but as the general improvement of the farms progresses, fruit- culture will\ndoubtless receive its due share of attention. Following are but a few representative\nstatements from farmers on the subject; a remarkable array of testimony on the subject\nmay be found in the pamphlet tp be had free on application to Mr. Begg, Canadian\nPacific Railway Offices, 88 Cannon Street, London, E.C.\n\" Strawberries, currants, gooseberries, raspberries, and in fact all small fruits, bear in the greatest\nabundance and give every promise of being very profitable.\n\"W. A. Farmer, Headingly.\"\n\" Planted twenty apple trees two years ago, which are growing very well.\n\"Arthur J. Moore, Nelsonville.\"\n\" I have over 1,000 apple trees doing very well, and also excellent bleck currants.\n\"James Armson, High Bluff\"\n(' Strawberry, raspberry, brambleberry, gooseberry, black currant, cherry, cranberry, saskatoonberry,\nand others. Mrs. Gibson has made over ioo lbs. of jelly this summer from wild fruit.\n1 William Gibson, Loganstone Farm, Wolseley.\"\n\" I planted this spring currants, gooseberries, and mull berries, and so far they are doing well.\n\"John Prat, Rounthwaite.\"\n\"Currants, gooseberries, strawberries, plums, cherries, raspberries, huckleberries, in profusion.\nOnly commencing with apple trees and cultivated fruits; going in for a nursery.\nI Thomas. Rogers, Railway View Farm, Moose Jaw.\"\n\" Plums, black, white, and red currants, strawberries, raspberries, and saskatoons. Rhubarb does\nremarkably well..\n\" W. F. Sirett, Glendale P. O.\"\nHops.\nI Wild hops, pronounced by brewers to be of excellent quality for brewing purposes,\nattain to a luxuriant growth in nearly every portion of Manitoba, the soil and climate\nbeing apparently thoroughly suited to them. Hops from these parts have for some time\npast commanded good prices, and the cultivation of the hop plant is believed to be most\nprofitable to the grower. A resident settler, writing on this subject, says:\u00E2\u0080\u0094 PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. 4l\n\" Hops will do well cultivated. I have planted wild hops out of the bush into my garden along the\nfence and trained on poles, bearing as full and fine and as large as any I ever saw at Yalding and Staple-\nhurst, in Kent, England.\n\"Louis Dunesing (Emerson).\"\nFlax andf Hemp.\nThese important crops were cultivated to a considerable extent by old settlers many\nyears ago, the product being of excellent quality ; but the universal complaint at that\ntime was the want of a market, or of a machinery to work up the raw material, and this-led\nthem to discontinue this important branch of husbandry. Its cultivation has been\nrenewed extensively by the Russian Mennonite settlers, on whose reserves in the\nsouthern portion of Manitoba a considerable quantity is produced. At West Lynne alone\nover 6,000 bushels were brought in during the first week in December, alone, in one\nyear, averaging 80c. (3s. 4d.) per bushel. Flax is peculiarly suited to the Province, and\nso much is this felt that an English capitalist has started in Winnipeg an extensive\nlinseed-oil mill. This fact and the demand for flax seed that must necessarily arise, will\nstill further increase the area of its cultivation. It can only be raised successfully in a\ncool region, the warm climates of the south causing the bark to become brittle and hard,\nand the rapidity with which it there matures preventing the lint from obtaining consistency\nor tenacity. On account of their extremely favourable climate for this cereal, Manitoba\nand the North-West territories are likely to prove formidable rivals to northern Europe\nin its cultivation.\nShooting and Fishing.\nThere is excellent shooting everywhere in the woods and on the prairie, as may be\nseen by the following list of birds and animals to be found:\u00E2\u0080\u0094Small Game; Prairie\nchickens, ducks, geese, pheasants, partridges, pigeons, cranes, snipe, plover, rabbits,\n&c.; Large Game : Moose, deer, antelope, buffalo, elk, and a large number of fur-\nbearing animals.\nThe rivers and lakes abound with the following fish :\u00E2\u0080\u0094Sturgeon of large size, white\nfish, pickerel, pike, bass, perch, suckers, sunfish, gold eyes, carp, trout, and maskinonge.\nm Markets.\nSmall centres of trade are continually springing into existence wherever settlements\ntake place, and these contain generally one or more stores where farmers can find a\nready market for their produce. The stations along the line of the Canadian Pacific\nRailway are not more than eight or ten miles apart, and the liberal course adopted by\nthe railway company in dealing with persons willing to undertake the erection of elevators\nfor the storage of wheat and other grains has led to the establishment of a large number\nof these warehouses along the line of the railway in Manitoba alone. These have a total\ncapacity of over 1,500,000, and enable farmers to dispose of their grain at good prices\nalmost, at their doors. A glance at the map demonstrates that Manitoba, 42 PtAlN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NOkTH-WEST.\nvia the Canadian Pacific Railway, will have closer connection with t'ne seaboard than\nMinnesota, Dakota, or any of the more Western States now have with New York; so\nthat the export of grain from the Canadian North-West at remunerative prices is\nassured. The very large influx of people, and the prosecution of railways and public\nworks will, however, cause a great home demand for some years, and for a time limit the*\nquantity for export.\nSuccess of Settlers.\n\" Are you satisfied with the country, the climate, and the prospects ahead of you ? \u00C2\u00A7\nThis is, after all, the most crucial question. For what are enormous yields and substantial profits, if the country cannot be made a home\u00E2\u0080\u0094a resting place of comfort, of\nindependence and of freedom? There are, of course, drawbacks in the Canadian North-\nWest, and in these pages the settlers speak their own minds fully on these points. But\nwhat country under the sun has not some drawbacks ? If so, it were indeed an earthly\nparadise. How will old England or bonnie Scotland stand in the matter of drawbacks ?\nThe point is this :\u00E2\u0080\u0094Are the drawbacks of the Canadian North-West anything approaching in importance those under which I am now living ? Is the North-West a desirable\nplace for settlement in my own peculiar circumstances ? Can I hope to live there with\ngreater comfort and less anxiety for the future of myself and my children than in the old\ncountry ? No impartial reader will have difficulty in answering for himself by the aid of\nthese pages.\nIn regard to the replies to this particular question, it should be borne in mind that the\nCanadian North-West is an immense country. Its perfect development is naturally a\nwork of some time. Railways have been during the past year or two built there at a\nrate perhaps unknown in human history, and the work still proceeds. But there must\nyet be districts without immediate contact with the iron horse, though another year may\nsee these very districts the centre of a system as has been the experience in the past. It\nis of course natural that each farmer should want the railway running through his farm and\neven close to his own door. But such a thing is impossible even in long established\nBritain ; how can it be expected in newly-settled Canada ? It rests with each intending\nsettler to choose his own land; there is still ample to be had with good railway facilities.\nIn answering the question, Are you satisfied with the country, the climate, and the\nprospects ahead of you? 84 farmers replied simply | Yes.\" Following are the'\nanswers given by others. Their -postal addresses are given on pages 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8.\nName.\nUrton, W. S..\nYardley, H..,\nHutchison, A.\nAnswer.\nVery well satisfied.\nYes, I am quite satisfied. If I had more capital, could make a fortune in a few\nyeai s.\nPerfectly satisfied. PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\n43\nName.\nFisher, H..\t\nField, E\t\nLawrence, J\t\nScreech, J\t\nUpjohn, F\t\nHarward, F\t\nCameron, W. C...\nLothian, J\t\nMcGhee,J\t\nBruce, G\t\nBell, C.J\t\nMiddleton, A....\nWarnock, W\t\nReid, A\t\nFraser, John\t\nGrang, J\t\nPerley, W. D....\nKinnear, J. H....\nMiller, Solomou..\nWebster, A\t\nMcGill, G\t\nGrimmett, D. W..\nPurdy, T. F\t\nDavis, W. H\t\nRogers, T.... ...\nSmith, Wm\t\nDownie, J\t\nKines, Wm\t\nIngram, W. A...,\nAnderson, J\t\nYoung, J. M\t\nMcRae, R.\t\nOliver, T\t\nLang, R ..\nSheppard, J......\nStevenson, F. W..\nArmstrong, Geo.,\nDeyell, J\t\nWalker, J. C.....\nRobertson, P. <*..\nAnswer:\nSettled in June, 1884; more residence is necessary to answer this question, but I\nthink with capital a man will do well.\nVery,\nI am well satisfied with the country and climate.\nPerfectly satisfied.\nYes, very.\nYes, fairly so.\nYes, by all means.\nPerfectly satisfied with the country, and prospects~are fair.\nVery. Prospects good.\nSatisfied.\nYes, very well.\nI am quite satisfied with the country, climate and future prospects.\nYes. Except to go on a visit, I have no desire to go back to the Old\nCountry.\nYes, I am perfectly satisfied, if only a little more railway facility in this district\n(Milford).\nYes, perfectly contented and good prospects ahead.\nYes, if we had railway communication to this place (Cartwright).\nRemarkably well. It is a most wonderful country, and with energy and perseverance skilfully directed a fortune can be made soon.\nWell satisfied.\nI am well pleased with the country and climate, and if we had a railroad here\n(Alameda) I would be well pleased with my prospects.\nYes, fully.\nYes. So far as climate, it is more desirable than Great Britain or Ireland on the\nwhole. Winter is clear, dry and healthy j no need of umbrella, mud-boots or\ntop-coat round home.\nWell satisfied.\nVery much indeed. I think this will be a great country.\nWe require railway facilities in this place (Crystal City).\nPerfectly satisfied.\n1 am satisfied.\nPerfectly satisfied, and would not go back to Ontario to farm if paid for it.\nThere is not half the hard work here that there is in Ontario.\nSatisfied with country and climate. I\nI am. In this locality (Milford) we want a railroad, or a market where we can\ngo there and back in one day.\nCertainly satisfied. All we want is railway facilities to this place.\nI am perfectly well satisfied.\nYes, you bet I am.\nYes, 1 am, if we had railways through the county (Burnside).\nPerfectly.\nI am. Although 62 years of age I am determined to make this my home for\nthe future, as it is a farming country.\nPerfectly with all Lovely weather is the rule here.\nYes, fully.\nI am, if we had a branch railway here (Plum Creek, Souris).\nPerfectly.\nI like the climate, the only drawback is the rather long winter. 44\nPJLAIN FACTS As TO titE CANAblAN NORTH-WEST.\nName.\nBlackwell, J,\nHonor, T. R,\nHope, G .,.\nMalcolm, A\t\nPollock, Jno\t\nReed, E.J\t\nMcGregory, D\t\nPowers, C. F\t\nRutherford, J. (J. P.).\nCarter, T\t\nBobier, E\t\nLittle, J as....\nMcKitrick, W,\nTaylor, W\t\nWarren, R.J\t\nMcKnight, R\t\nTroyer, C\t\nVandervoort, G\t\nWood,J.H\t\nChambers, S. W\t\nBaily, Z\t\nLittle, J\t\nBlack, G. R\t\nMcCroquodale, C.T.C.\nWright <&\u00C2\u00B0 Sons\t\nWhitney, C\t\nMcLennan, T\t\nMcKenzie, D...\nFraser, D. D...\nGilmour, H. C\nDrew, W. D...\nMcKellar, D...\nHartney, J. H.<\nOgletree, F....\nHarris, Jas.\nSmart, G..,\nShirk, J. M,\nMcAskie, Jas\t\nOsborne, D...<\nHarrison, D. H,\nChester, A\t\nAnswer.\nAm satisfied with the country and climate, but the country wants more railroads\nto make it prosperous\nI am satisfied with the climate and natural resources of the country and my own\nprospects ahead.\nWell satisfied.\nI have no reason to be dissatisfied. There are drawbacks here as well as in\nother countries, but I know of no place where I can go to better myself.\nI am very well satisfied in every respect.\nWell pleased.\nNo.\nThree sons and myself all well satisfied with the country.\nI am, and have great confidence in the future of the country.\nRight well. I\nI consider it ahead of Ontario for farming and health. I am well pleased with\nthe country, or I would not be here if I was not.\nYes ; I find this country ahead of Ontario and better for crops and stock.\nThe country and climate are better than I expected; the scarcity of timber and\nrailroad facilities are drawbacks to this part (Crystal City).\nSatisfied.\nYes, as I was worth 80/. when I came, and now I am worth 1,400/.\nPerfectly satisfied and prospects are good.\nlam, with one exception, railway facilities to this place (Alameda).\n1 am well satisfied with everything, even to the C. P. R.\nPerfectly.\nYes, more than satisfied.\nPerfectly satisfied.\nPerfectly satisfied.\nThe country and climate can't be beaten : the prospects are fair.\nEntirely so.\nWell satisfied.\nI am well satisfied.\nYes, very well satisfied with the country, climate and prospects, if we only get\nthe railway to this place (Asessippi).\nI am well satisfied.\nCertainly.\nI am very well satisfied with the country.\n1 am well satisfied, and have unbounded faith in the future of the country.\nSatisfied.\nPerfectly, if wejhad a branch railway to this place (Souris).\nI am well satisfied with the country, the climate and prospects ahead. I would\nnot change under any consideration.\nYes, very much.\nYes, if we had a market and railroad here (Holland).\nPersonally, not exactly, as I have been rather unfortunate in losing animals, ^c,\nbut think the general prospects are good.\nVery well; the winter is pretty cold; the spring, summer and fall are delightful.\nVery well satisfied.\nVery much, would not leave.\nI am well pleased with the country, the climate is good, and I am sure this must\nbe a grand country yet. PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\n45\nName.\nH\nBonesteel, C.\nNugent, A. J\t\nObee, F\t\nAnderson, George.\nAnswer.\nG.\nKenny, D. W.\nMcDougall, A\nMuirhead, T.\t\nBarnes, F. A\t\nLambert, W. M\t\nBowes, J\t\nChampion, W. M\t\nBoulding, G. W\t\nTate. J\t\nMcMurty, T\t\nMcCaughey, J. S\t\nTaylor, Wm\t\nStevenson, G. B\t\nWagner, W. (M.P.P.)\nHeaslip, J.J..... ....\nNelson, R\t\nMcintosh, A\nStirton, J ...\nBolton, F\t\nMorton, T. L.\nCampbell, R.\nCox, J. T... |\nSifton, A. L..\nMcDonell,D.\nWilson, Jas..\nKemp, J\t\nPaynter, J. E.\nMcGee, T....\nHeaney, J...\nMcEwan, D.\nSlater, C. B..\nFrazer, J. S..\nConnerson, J\nRawson,\nNickell, W\t\nHarris, A. B..,\nBartley, N\t\nChambers, W..\nPaynter, W. D.\nHayter, W. \u00C2\u00AB..\nVery well satisfied as yet.\nAll right, if change in Government policy, still I am a good Conservative.\nI am well satisfied.\nI am thoroughly satisfied with the country and climate, and my prospects are\ngood.\nPerfectly satisfied at present.\nWith the country decidedly, but want a little more capital in my business.\nI am quite satisfied.\nYes, and prospects are good ahead.\nYes, they are all that can be desired.\nMost decidedly.\nThis country has done well for me.\nVery much.\nAm satisfied with country and climate.\nI am satisfied with the country.\nYes, I am ; all we want is a railroad to this part (Alameda).\nWell satisfied.\nYes, well satisfied.\nYes, very much.\nYes, perfectly, if we had a railroad here (Alameda) ; otherwise no.\nAs to country and climate, yes; As to my own present prospects, no.\nI have no reason to complain.\nQuite satisfied with the country and climate, but want free trade in lumber and\nmachinery, and the Hudson Bay Railway.\nYes, winters are a little too long j but think this country equal to any.\nMost decidedly so.\nYes, if the Government would see fit to remove the duty off implements. I\nthink it would be all right.\nYes, well satisfied.\nPerfectly satisfied with country and climate. The only drawbacks are Want of\nadditional shipping facilities, and high tariff on implements.\nYes, very satisfied.\nWith the country and climare, yes.\nYes, the country and climate are first-class.\nNot entirely.\nI am. I came to the country without any experience, and am well satisfied\nwith it.\nI am very well satisfied.\nYes, perfectly.\nYes, perfectly.\nYes, if we had a railroad here (Beulah).\nYes, I feel happy, and all my family, six sons, four daughters, and twenty\ngrandchildren. All in Manitoba; all well and happy.\nWith the country and climate, yes.\nFairly well satisfied with the country.\nI am, if we get railway accommodation here (Beulah).\nYes, providing we can get market and railroad facilities here (Wattsview),\nIf I were not satisfied I would have left long ago.\nYes, if we get railway accommodation here (Beulah),\nYes quite^satisfied, 46\nPLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH>WEST.\nName.\nAnswer,\nParr, J. \u00C2\u00A3....\t\nYes, very well.\nThe country is all right, but we want more railways in this part (Beaconsfield).\nQuite satisfied, if we can get our grain sold at satisfactory prices.\nI have faith in the whole country,\nI am satisfied with all of them.\nI shouId like it better if December, January and February were warmer.\nWell satisfied. Only objection is a little too hard frost; storms are nothing\nlike what I expected.\nI do not know where I could better myself.\nPerfectly satisfied.\nYes, perfectly.\nCertainly.\nSatisfied with the country and climate.\nWright, C...........\nGarratt and Ferguson..\nMcLane, A. M\u00E2\u0080\u009E.....,\nMcLean, J. A....... \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nBedford, J\t\nTodd, P. R\t\nBoldrick, R\t\nTullock, A\t\nSpeers, A. R\t\nCaffer rata and JelTerd.,\nv''Aj VV . llMIIII MM\nYes. Our only drawback is the lack* of local railway facilities (Milford).\nThe Class Of Se* tiers now in the North-West.\u00E2\u0080\u0094The great\nnumber of settlers come from the Eastern Provinces of the Dominion, Ontario contributing\nby far the largest portion, composed principally of the very flower of her agricultural\npopulation. The arrivals from Europe are principally English, Scotch, and Irish,\nincluding tenant farmers, laborers, servants and others, most of whom readily adapt\nthemselves to their new life. There are also a good number of Germans and\nScandinavians, hard-working, law-abiding citizens, whose co-patriots have proved themselves to be among the most valuable settlers in the United States. Some settlers are\ncontributed by the American Union, a small portion being repatriated French-Canadians,\nprincipally from the State of Massachusetts, and the balance, farmers and farmers' sons,\nalmost entirely from the Western States, while there is also a large settlement of Russians,\nMennonites, and Icelandics, who are now comfortably settled, contented and prosperous,\nthe last named having formed an Icelandic settlement at Big Island, Lake Winnipeg.\nThe French-Canadians settled along the Red River, who emigrated from Boston and\nother cities in the New England States of America, are reported to be in good circumstances, and, their crops having yielded largely, their prospects are excellent. Speaking\ngenerally, the people of the North-west are highly respectable, orderly, and law\nabiding.\n*\nFarm I^sihour.\u00E2\u0080\u0094It is difficult to give definite information on this point.\nThere is no doubt it has been high, especially dujjng harvest time, when there is a great\ndemand for men to take in the crops, but the very large number of people going into the\ncountry during the past few seasons has tended materially to reduce the scale of wages.\nOne point should be remembered\u00E2\u0080\u0094that the farmer in Manitoba, with his immense yield\nand fair prices, can afford to pay a comparatively high rate of wages, and still find his\nfarming very profitable.\nChurches.\u00E2\u0080\u0094The utmost religious liberty prevails everywhere in Canada,\nChurches of nearly all denominations exist and are in a flourishing condition, and where HLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEfcr.\n47\na settlement is not large enough to support a regular church, there are always visiting\nclergymen to do the duty.\nSchools*\u00E2\u0080\u0094Means of education, from the highest to the lowest, everywhere\nabound in the Dominion. The poor and middle classes can send their children to free\nschools, where excellent education is given; and the road to the colleges and higher\neducation is open and easy for all. In no country in the world is good education more\ngenerally diffused than in Canada. It is on the separate school system, and receives not\nonly a very considerable grant from the local government, but there are also two sections\nin each township set apart by the Dominion Government, the proceeds of which, when\nsold are applied to the support of schools. There is a superintendent to each section,\nand teachers are required to pass a rigid examination before they are appointed. A high\nclass of education is therefore administered.\nMunicipal Government.\u00E2\u0080\u0094There is a very perfect system of municipal\ngovernment throughout the Dominion. The North-West country is divided into municipalities as fast as settlement progresses sufficiently to warrant it. These municipal\norganisations take charge of roads and road repairs\u00E2\u0080\u0094there being no toll charges\u00E2\u0080\u0094and\nregulate the local taxation of roads, for schools, and other purposes, so that every man\ndirectly votes for the taxes he pays; and all matters of a local nature are administered\nby the reeve and council, who are each year elected by the people of the district, This\nsystem of responsibility, from the municipal representative up to the General Government, causes everywhere a feeling of contentment and satisfaction, the people with truth\nbelieving that no system of government could give them greater freedom.\nLast Words of Settlers.\nThe last request made of settlers in the course of the enquiries dealt with in this pamphlet was that they would supply such information as they might \" deem desirable to\nplace the Canadian North-West before the world in its true position as an agricultural\ncountry and a land suitable for successful settlement.\" Space will allow of the publication\nof but a very few here.\nC. H. Bonestbel, of Pheasant Plain, Kenlis, P. O., Assiniboia, N.W.T., says:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\"I\nconsider this country a grand field for emigration for all that are homeless and farmless,\nnot only in the old country, but in Ontario. Why, I know of hundreds where I come\nfrom that are working for daily and monthly wages, who, if they only knew or could be\npersuaded what this country is, or the chances that there are here for them to get a home\nof their own, they would come at once. Even if they only took a homestead, 160 acres,\nwhich they get for io dollars (\u00C2\u00A32), it would make them a good farm and home, which\nthey can never hope to get where they are. This is my honest belief.\"\nMessrs. Campior Brothers, per R. E. Campior, who omit to forward their\nManitoba address, says :\u00E2\u0080\u0094\" This country is surer and safer for a man with either small or\nlarge capital, being less liable to flood and drought than any part of the Western States\nof America, speaking from experience. Intending settlers on landing should first know\nhow to work and drive a team aud stick to it, and they are bound to succeed.\" 48 PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\nWilliam Wagner, M.P.P., of Woodlands, Ossowa, Manitoba, writes :\u00E2\u0080\u0094\"Very few\ninhabitants have visited Manitoba and North West as myself. I have seen the settler in\nhis first year, and again after three and four years, and what a difference. The first year\nmuch misery, then again comfort. I have seen a good many English settlers in the first\nyear; they are a great deal disappointed ; but after they have been accustomed to our-\nways, they are happy and contented. We have in Woodlands about thirty English\nfamilies, who had but little, and they belong to-day to our best of farmers, and with us we\nhave never heard of any discontent.\"\nJames Connerson, of Minnewashta, Manitoba, writes thus :\u00E2\u0080\u0094\" Keep back from\nwhisky, contract no debts, sign no notes, stick hard at work for two years, and be up and\nat it. If one has no means, work out with a farmer for a time; pay as you go along.\nThat is my humble advice to all intending settlers. I know hundreds of very decent\npeople in Glasgow (Scotland), also in Holland, who would be thankful to come out here\nand get a homestead free.\" *\nJames Little, Postmaster, of Oak River, Manitoba, says:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\" This is the best\ncountry in the world for settlers to come-'to ; for instance, they can get their land for\nnearly nothing, and in three years be worth between 4,000 and 5,000 dollars (^800\nto ^t;ooo) just in the rise of the price of the land; besides, he can raise all the stock he\nrequires, perhaps the same amount or more. There is not much work to do, it can be\ndone with machinery, and a man that is fond of sport can shoot all the fowl he wants,\nI can kiil hundreds of all sorts of wild fowl here, geese, ducks, prairie chickens, snipe\nand wild turkeys in abundance.\nThomas Carter, of Woodlands, Manitoba, says:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\"The Canadian North-West\nneeds no vindication. It will soon be as well known to the world as is the Rock of\nGibraltar. As for the cold, I have been more miserably cold on the heights of Shorn-\ncliffe, Kent (England), than I ever have been in the North-West. Of course a man may\nallow himself to freeze to death if he chooses, or if he is standing near a fire he may\nallow himself to burn if he chooses\u00E2\u0080\u0094it's all a matter of taste.\"\nG. A. Cameron, of Indian Head, N.W.T., writes\u00E2\u0080\u0094\"As good a place as a man can\nfind if he has plenty of money and brains, or if he has no money, but muscle and pluck.\nSend as many here as you can and they will bless you for it.\"\nWilliam Taylor, of Beulah, P.O., Man., says:\u00E2\u0080\u0094| Settlers should be used to labour\nwith their hands without kid gloves, unless provided with ample means. The grumblers\nhere are composed of men raised idle at home, who have not means to carry it out here.\nLabouring men and hired girls coming out with those that hire them do not want to be\nbound for any lenghth of time, as wages rule much higher here than in the old countries.\"\nChristian Troyer, of Sec. 22, T 2, R 2, W 2, Alameda, Assiniboia, N.W.T., says:\n\u00E2\u0080\u009411 should advise intending settlers to encumber themselves as little as possible with\nextras, with the exception of clothing, and be cautious on their arrival to husband their\nresources. As I claim to be a successful north-wester I would be pleased and most\nhappy to give advice and information to intending settlers free.\"\nJ. R. Niff, of Moosonim, N.W.T., states :\u00E2\u0080\u0094\" The fact that I settled shows that I had\nconfidence in the country, and after two seasons' experience I am more than satisfied.\nAs a grain growing country I believe, with proper cultivation and energy, it cannot be\nexceeded.\" mm\nPLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. 49\nGeorge Vandervoort, of Alexandria, Man., says :\u00E2\u0080\u009411 consider Manitoba or the\nNorth-West is the proper place for a man to go to get a home with ease.\"\nGeorge H. Wood, of Birtle, Man., writes :\u00E2\u0080\u0094\" Speaking from what I know as one\nof the leaders of one hundred and fifty in this locality, I don't know a single instance of\na sober, industrious person who has not benefited by coming here, and I do know of\nmany who always lived \" from hand to mouth | in Ontario, who are getting rich. All we\nrequire is a railway to get on well, and all get rich. Farming pays here, the Farmers'\nUnion grumblers to the contrary notwithstanding.\"\nS. W. Chambers, of Wattsview P.O., Man., writes thus :\u00E2\u0080\u0094\" After more than five\nyears' experience in this country, I am satisfied that no other country in the world can\napproach the Canadian North-West as a field for agricultural productions. And to the\nman who is willing to rough it first and to roll up his sleeves and work for two or three\nyears, it offers a comfortable independence in a very few years, with very little capital\nexpenditure.\"\nG. R. Black, of Wellwood, County Norfolk, Manitoba, says :\u00E2\u0080\u0094\" This country is\nthe best place for a man with a small capital to make a home that I have seen, and I\nhave been through eight states of the United States, and I have seen nothing to compare\nto this Canadian North-West. I would advise settlers coming from Europe to bring\nnothing but clothes and bedding and light materials. I would say in explanation that I\nhave raised as high as 40 bushels of wheat and 75 of oats, but that is not the rule.\"\nMr. A. R. Speers, of Griswold, Manitoba, writes :\u00E2\u0080\u009411 consider this the greatest\ngrain producing country in the world without any exception, and as I have handled\nconsiderable stock here I know that to pay well. Last spring I sold one stable of cattle\nfor 100 dollars (^20) per head for butchering. My sheep have paid well. Milch cows\ndo very well, and also poultry, and in fact everything I have tried. No man need fear\nthis country for producing anything except tropical fruit.\"\nMr. P. R. Todd, of Griswold, Manitoba, writes :\u00E2\u0080\u0094t I believe that any man who is\nwilling to work, no matter how small his means, can improve his circumstances financially\nin this country, and there is a good chance for a man of means or large capital to run\nbusiness on a large scale profitably.\"\nMr. W. H. Hayter, of Alameda, Assiniboia, N. W. T., writes:--\" A single man\ncan come here and farm on a small capital, say 500 dollars (;\u00C2\u00A3ioo). I have a family of\nsix boys to start. We are well satisfied with the prospects ahead.\"\nMr. James Rawson, of Mountain City, Sec. 16, Township 2, R. 6, W., Manitoba,\nwrites :\u00E2\u0080\u0094\" Persons coming to this Province should have 500 dollars (^100) in cash to\nstart with; not but what a person can get along with less, as I have done, but it is\ndifficult. Magnificent country for persons who have plenty of money. Climate healthy,\nwater good, plenty of game.\"\nMr. Thomas McGee, of Burnside, Manitoba, writes :\u00E2\u0080\u009411 think that the Canadian\nNorth-West is well for industrious hard working people, either laborers,. farmers or\nmechanics. I was a mechanic before I came here, and am satisfied that the country is a\ngood one for people that want to make homes for themselves.\"\nMr. John Kemp, of Austin, Manitoba, writes :\u00E2\u0080\u0094\"The soil is immensely rich, and\nwill raise large crops for a long time without manure. I am a Canadian by birth, and\nhave travelled over a good part of the States and Canada, and, all things considered, I\nhave seen no part of America to equal this country for agricultural purposes.\" 50 PLAIN FACTS AS TO THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST.\nMr. Thomas L. Morton, of Gladstone, Manitoba, writes :\u00E2\u0080\u0094\" My land is all brush,\nwhich I consider the best in the end, but more labor. I have twenty acres dark loam,\nsown with Timothy, red top and clover; 25 head of stock, and 50 acres of crop, which\npays far better than 100 acres of crop. Pigs pay well. Native hops grow well.\"\nMr. Robert Campbell, Bridge Creek, P. O., Manitoba, writes :\u00E2\u0080\u0094| My opinion 'is\nthat any man with, say, from 500 to 1,000 dollars (\u00C2\u00A3100 to ^200) and energy to go to\nwork, will have no difficulty in making a comfortable home for himself and family.\"\nMr. John T. Cox, Box 44, Rapid City, Manitoba, writes:\u00E2\u0080\u0094| As an agricultural\ncountry it is a splendid one\u00E2\u0080\u0094that is the crops must be put in early, and then they will do\nall right.\"\nMr. Duncan McDonell, Baie St. Paul, Manitoba, writes :\u00E2\u0080\u0094\" The Canadian North-\nWest, if once settled, will be and is the best agricultural country of all I have travelled\nthrough I I\nMr. Joshua Elliott, of Sourisburg, Man., says :\u00E2\u0080\u009411 consider this country the best in\nthe world for all classes of farmers. For the capitalist, plenty of room and safe returns ;\nand the man of limited capital, to secure a good home and be independent. I have\ngiven you a true statement of my own experience. You have my address above, and\npersons wanting information by sending a stamped envelope I will answer it, and give\nthem the benefit of all my experience.\"\nMr. Samuel Day, Sec. 34, T. 13, R. 30, Fleming, N.W.T.-\u00E2\u0080\u0094\" I should like to see\nthe emigration agents go more into the farming districts of England, and induce more\nfarm laborers to come to this country. I would suggest Devonshire, as labor is plentiful\nthere and wages low. I am afraid some of those city people will not make good settlers,\nand hence have a bad effect by writing home bad accounts. I am satisfied this is one of\nthe best countries for an industrious man with energy.\"\nBolton, Ferris, of Calf Mountain, Manitoba, says :\u00E2\u0080\u0094\" I firmly believe that this\ncountry has advantages over all others for growing grain and raising stock, and would\nadvise all young men who have not made a start, and all tenant farmers with limited\ncapital to come here.\"\nTestimony such as is contained in the foregoing pages could be produced indefinitely. The bountiful resources of our Great North-West as\nherein to a small extent shown, cannot fail to impress the reader with the\nknowledge that we have indeed a country whose resources and attractions\nare boundless.\nMontreal Herald Print. *\n\u00C2\u00A3ori{|jGi.u i^lsu^juuiboE1 SOUTHERN MANITOBA-THE GARDEN OF THE PROVINCE-The lands along the Line of the Manitoba and Southwestern Railway, leased by the Canadian Pacific, and comprised within the uncolored belt in Southern Manitoba are now open for sale. Apply to John Hi MgTavish, Land Commissioner, Winnipeg. I TEGE\nCANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY\nALL RAIL CANADIAN ROUTE TO\nWINNIPEG. MANITOBA, AND THE NORTH-WEST.\n\u00C2\u00BB>4\nTrains leave Montreal Daily except Sundays, for\nWWt 11TIIE ST. IGIACE, BAT\nAND ALL POINTS IN\nManitoba, the North-West, and the Rocky Mountains,\nWITHOUT CHANGE, WITHOUT DELAY, and WITHOUT CUSTOMS CHARGES.\n\u00C2\u00BB \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00C2\u00AB\u00E2\u0099\u00A6>\u00C2\u00BB \u00C2\u00AB-\nThe Journey Between MONTREAL and WINNIPEG is performed in 65 HOURS.\n* <\u00E2\u0080\u00A2* \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nIf you travel for Business or Pleasure, Necessity or Eelaxation, EAST, WEST, NORTHWEST or SOUTH-WEST, you can be accommodated best by the CANADIAN PACIFIC\nEAILWAY, their trains making close connection at St. Thomas with the Michigan Central\nEailroad for DETROIT, CHICAGO, ST. LOUIS, CINCINNATI and all points in the Southern\nand Western States.\nConnections made at Montreal for BOSTON and all points in the NEW ENGLAND\nSTATES, and at Quebec for places in NEW BRUNSWICK and the LOWER PROVINCES.\nTo ensure Safety and Satisfaction, travel bv the Grand National Highway between the\n!ELA_ST -A-JSTJD west.\nk\nMAGNIFICENT PARLOR, DINING AND SLEEPING CARS\nAttached to all Through Trains*\nTicket Offices in every Town and City, where Agents of the Comnanv will cheerfuilv give all\ninformation, &c. on annlication.\nx ii J , ,JJ|^#.\n/~\nCANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094IS THE \u00E2\u0080\u0094\nMost Direct, therefore the Safest and Quickest Route\nBET'\"V7\"EEi3Sr\nQuebec, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, St. Thomas, Detroit, Chicago\nAND ALL POINTS EAST AND WEST.\n\u00C2\u00BB\u00C2\u00BB4\nThe object of the Projectors was to make this the Very Best New r,ine Ever\nConstructed on the American Continent, and with this object in view every care\nwas taken in its construction. |||| p|i\nThe Bridges, resting on Massive Stone Piers, are of steel of twice the ordinary\nstrength; the rails are of the very best material, and the track has been constructed in such a\n)ermanently substantial manner as to insure the best possible results as to Speed and Safety.\n\u00C2\u00A7\u00C2\u00A7 THE FINEST PASSENGER, PARLOR, SLEEPING and DINING CARS ^|\nin the world are in use on this Railway; every luxury and convenience that ingenuity can contrive\nabound in the Passenger Equipment of this magnificent road. Cool air and freedom from dust\nin summer j and uniform warmth, with perfect ventilation, in winter.\nft TRAINS ARE RUN STRICTLY ON TIME, JK\nand every precaution id taken for the Safety of Passenger Trains, every appliance of proven\nvalue, switches, &c, having been adopted.\nTHE EMPLOYEES OF THE COMPANY ARE NOTED FOR THEIR UNIFORM POLITENESS,\nWhen the through Ocean to Ocean All .Rail Route to British Columbians opened in the\napproaching Spring, the journey will be one of uninterrupted magnificence. The beautiful Ottawa\nRiver, the picturesque Parliament Buildings at Ottawa, and the magnificent Falls of the Lievre\nat Buckingham, are scenes of surpassing beauty which greet the eye of the traveller when\njourneying in that neighborhood.\nThe scenery along the line of the North Shore of Lake Superior must be seen to be\nappreciated, no pen, however fluent in poetical description can do justice to the transcendent\nloveliness of some of the lake views, or to the awful grandeur, approaching to sublimity, of the\nviews obtainable from the dizzy heights of the Rocky Mountains; rivalling and eclipsing those\nof Switzerland.\n\"V"@en . "Maps"@en . "Record-keeping works"@en . "CC_TX_194_010"@en . "10.14288/1.0356668"@en . "English"@en . "Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library"@en . "Box 194"@en . "Images provided for research and reference use only. Permission to publish, copy or otherwise use these images must be obtained from Rare Books and Special Collections: http://rbsc.library.ubc.ca/"@en . "Original Format: University of British Columbia. Library. Rare Books and Special Collections. The Chung Collection. CC-TX-194-10"@en . "Manitoba : the Canadian north-west, testimony of actual settlers"@en . "Still Image"@en .