"CONTENTdm"@en . "Travel and tourism on the C.P.R."@en . "Canadian Pacific Railway Company"@en . "Travel"@en . "Tourism"@en . "Railroads"@en . "Tourism--Canada"@en . "Wallace B. Chung and Madeline H. Chung Collection"@en . "Canadian Pacific Railway Company"@en . "2016-03-03"@en . "[1900?]"@en . "Pamphlet describing the rail route across Canada."@en . ""@en . "https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/chungtext/items/1.0226245/source.json"@en . "application/pdf"@en . " \u00E2\u0096\u00A0foo\nThe\nCanadian\nPacific\nThe\nNew Highway\nto the\nOrient\nAcross the\nMountains\nPrairies and Rivers\nof Canada\nCANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY C\u00C2\u00B0l*\nBOyAL, JvCA.IL STEAMSHIP LITSTE\nNo. 14 BUND. YOKOHAMA.\n_. General Officers\" Canadian Pacific Railway\nHead Offices: Montreal, Canada\nSib William C. Van Horne, K.C.M.G., Chairman ol the Board .. Montreal\nT.G. Shaughnessy President ' Montreal\nD. McNicoll Second Vice-President and General Manager MontreaI\nChakles Drinkwater Secretary and Assistant to the President \" \"Montreal\nI.G. Ogden Comptroller i!!!.\"Montreal\nVV. Sutherland Taylor Treasurer -Mnntrp-Vi\nP. A. Peterson Chief Engineer ;_..'.;...\".. Montreal\nThos. Tait. \u00E2\u0096\u00A0 Manager, Lines East oi Fort William...: Montreal\nWm. Whyte Manager, Lines West of Fort William Winnipeg\nRobt. Kerr Passenger Traffic Manager . ; Montreal\nG. M. Bosworth Freight Traffic Manager Montreal\nJas. Kent Manager of Telegraphs Montreal\nJ. A Sheffield Supt., Sleeping, Lining and Parlor Cars and Hotels Montreal\nArthur Piers Superintendent of Steamship Lines \u00E2\u0096\u00A0 Montreal\nA. C. Henry General Purchasing Agent Montreal\nG. S. Cantlie Superintendent of Car Service Montreal\nL. A. Hamilton Land Commissioner Winnipeg\nG. McL. Brown Executive Agent Vancouver, B.C.\nH. P. Timmerman Ueneral Superintendent, Atlantic Division St. John, N.B.\"\nJ. W. Leonard General Superintendent, Ontario & Quebec Division Toronto\nC. W. Spencer General Superintendent, Eastern Division Montreal\nJames Oborne General Superintendent, Western Division Winnipeg\nR. Marpole General Superintendent, Pacific Division Vancouver, B.C\nC. E. E. Ussheu General Passenger A gent, Lines East of Lake Superior Montreal \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nC. E. McPherson General Passenger Agent, Lines Westof Lake Superior \"W innipeg\nA. H. Notman Assistant General Passenger Agent : Toronto\nWm. Stitt Assistant General Passenger Agent, Western Division Winnipeg\nE. J. Coyle Assistant General Passenger Agent, Pacific Division Vancouver, B.C.\nR. H. Morris General Baggage Agent Montreal\nJ. N. Sutherland General Freight Agent, Atlantic Division St. John, N.B.\nW. B. Bulling General Freight Agent, Eastern Division Montreal\nE. Tiffin General Freight Agent, Ontario Division Toronto\nW. R. MacInnes General Freight Agent, Lines West of Lake Superior Winnipeg\nS. P. Howard Assistant General Freight Agent Montreal\nG. H. Shaw Assistant General Freight Agent, Western Division Winnipeg\nAllan Cameron Assistant General Freight Agent, Pacific Division\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Vancouver, B.C.\nF. W. Peters Assistant General Freight Agent, Kootenay Lines, etc Nelson, B.C.\nH. L. Penny General.Auditor Montreal\nJ. H. Shearing Auditor of Passenger Receipts Montreal\nC. J. Flanagan. Auditor of Freight and Telegraph Receipts Montreal\nJohn Leslie Auditor of Disbursements Montreal\nJ. R. Steele Freight Claims Auditor ..Montreal\nC. J. Black Auditor of Agencies Montreal\nAGENCIES\n.B. W. Macdonald\t\n... Jardine, Matheson &Co \t\n-New Zealand Shipping Co. Thos. Cook & Son\t\n.Joseph Thompson, Freight and Passenger Agent 120 Fast Baltimore St.\n.Ewart, Lathom & Co. Thos. Cook & Son 13 Esplanade Road\n\u00E2\u0080\u009E\u00E2\u0080\u009E\u00E2\u0080\u009E\u00E2\u0080\u009E,\u00E2\u0080\u009E\u00E2\u0080\u009E Tv/r\u00E2\u0080\u009E\u00E2\u0084\u00A2\u00C2\u00BB (H. J. Colvin, District Passenger Agent 197 Washington St.\n.boston Mass...|FR_ perry_ city Passenger Agent 197 Washington St.\n.Burns, Philp & Co., (Ltd.)\t\n.Geo. E. McGlade, City Ticket Agent \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Cor. King St. and Court House Ave.\n.A. J. Shulman, City Passenger and Freight Agent 233 Main St.\n.Thos. Cook & Son ., 9 Old Court House St.\n(J. Francis Lee, General Agent, Passenger Dept 228 South Clark St.\n\CHICAGO 111.. J. C. L. Williams, City Passenger Agent 228 South Clark St.\n{ W. A. Kittermaster, General Agent, Freight Dept 234 La Salle St.\n( B. R. White Room D, Chamber of Commerce Building\n' \"I G. A. Clifford Room D, Chamber of Commerce Building\n.. .Thomas Cook & Son (K. B. Croasey). Bois Brothers\t\n,,-\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 v, t A. E. Edmonds, City Passenger Agent 7 Fort St. W.\nDetroit Mich... ^ M H Brown. District Freight Agent 7 Fort St. W.\nDuluth Minn T. H. Larke, District Agent 126 Spalding House Block\nGlasgow Scotland Archer Baker, European Traffic Manager 67 St. Vincent St.\nHalifax N.S J. D. Chipman, City Passenger and Freight Agent 107 Hollis St.\nHamilton Ont W. J. Grant, Commercial Agent Cor. King and James Sts.\nHong Kong D. E. Brown, General Agent, China and Japan, etc\t\nHonolulu H.T T. H. Davies & Co\t\nKobe Japan\u00E2\u0080\u0094G. Millward\t\nLiverpool .. Eng Archer Baker, European Traffic Manager 9 James St.\n. .Archer Baker, European Traffic Manager. { \u00C2\u00AE Tifdfo cSfk^rtt\"! IV*0-'\n. .W. Fulton, City Passenger Agent 161 Dundas St.\nAdelaide Aus.\nAmoy : China.\nAuckland N.Z.\nBaltimore Md.\nBombay India.\nBrisbane Qd.\nBrockville Ont\nBuffalo N.Y.\nCalcutta .India.\nCincinnati Ohio..\nColombo Ceylon\nLondon Eng.\nLondon Ont. ..\nMalta Turnbull Jr. & Somervillo, Correspondents^\nMelbourne Aus.\nMinneapolis Minn.\n. .Australian United Steam Nav. Co. Thos. Cook & Son \u00E2\u0080\u0094\n. .W. B. Chandler, Agent Soo Line 119 South Third St.\n( W. F. Egg, City Passenger Agent 129 St. James St.\nI J. Corbett, Foreign Freight Agent Board of Trade Building\n.W.H.Gordon, Passenger Agent 1293 Dock St.\n/E. V. Skinner, General Eastern Agent 353 Broadway\n' t Land and Immigration Office 1 Broadway\n. D. Isaacs, Prospect House \t\n.George Duncan, City Passenger Agent 42 Sparks St.\n(\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 Hernu, Peron & Co., Tickets Agents 61 Boulevard Haussmann\nParis France.. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2< International Sleeping Car Co 3 Place de l'Opera\n(.Thos. Cook & Son 1 Place de l'Opera\n.H. McMurtrie, Freight and Passenger Agent 629-631 Chestnut St.\n.F. W. Salsbury, Commercial Agent 409 Smith Building\n.G H. Thompson, Ticket Agent, Maine Central Railroad Union Depot\n.H. H. Abbott, Freight and Passenger Agent 146 Third St.\n.. .William A. Pfeifter 106 Taylor St.\n...E. H. Crean, City Passenger Agent Opposite Post Office\n.F. E. Ketchum, Depot Ticket Ageiit\t\nI A. J. Heath, District Passenger Agent 10 King St.\n' W. H. C. Mackay, City Ticket Agent 49 King St.\nf W. M. Porteous, Freight Agent 315 Chestnut St.\n' \ C. E. Benjamin, Travelling Passenger Agent 315 Chestnut St.\n.. VV. S. Thorn, Asst. Gen. Pass. Agent Soo Line 379 Robert St.\n) M. M. Stern, District Freight and Passenger Agent.. Palace Hotel Building\n( Goodall, Perkins & Co., Agents P.C.S.S.Co 10 Market St.\n. W. R. Thomson .7. Mutual Life Building, 6091st Ave.\n Jardine, Matheson & Co\t\nSherbrooke Que.... W. H. Bottum, City Passenger Agent 6 Commercial St.\nSydney Aus... .Burns, Philp & Co., Ltd \u00E2\u0080\u009E\u00E2\u0080\u0094,'-\u00E2\u0080\u009E,,,\nTACOM'A Wash F. R. Johnson, Freight and Passenger Agent 1023 Pacific Ave.\nToronto Ont... .c. B. Bunting, City Ticket Agent 1 King Street East\nVancouver B.C \u00E2\u0080\u0094 James Sclater. Ticket Agent\t\nVictoria B.C B. W. Greer, Freight and Passenger Agent Government St.\nWinnipeg Man.... W. M. McLeod, City Ticket Agent Cor. Main St. and McDermott Ave.\nYokohama Japan Wm. T. Payne, General Traffic Agent for Japan 14 Bund\nMontreal Que.. -\nNew Whatcom Wash.\nNew York N.Y..\nNiagara Falls N.Y.\nOttawa Ont.\nPhiladelphia Pa.\nPittsburg Pa..\nPortland Me..\nPortland Ore..\nPort Townsend Wash.\nQuebec Que..\nSault Ste. Marie Mich...\nSt. John..\n.N.B.\nSt. Louis Mo.\nSt. Paul Minn..\nSan Francisco Cal..\nSeattle Wash\nShanghai China. THE NEW HIGHWAY\nTO THE\nORIENT\nACROSS THE\nMOUNTAINS, PRAIRIES\nAND\nRIVERS\nOF\nCANADA\nIssued by the .......\nCANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY CO. Montreal, July, J 900 The (anadian Pacific Railway\nA railway from the Atlantic to the Pacific, all the way on British soil, was\nlong the dream of a few in Canada. This dream of the few became, in time, the\nhope of the many, and on the confederation of the British North American Provinces,\nin 1867, its realization was found to be a political necessity. Then the Government\nof the new Dominion of Canada set about the building of the Canadian Pacific\nRailway, a work of such vast proportions that the richest empire of Europe might\nwell have hesitated before entering upon it.\nMuch of the country through which the railway must be built was unexplored.\nTowards the east, all about Lake Superior and beyond to Red River, was a vast\nrocky region, where Nature in her younger days had run riot, and where deep\nlakes and mighty rivers in every direction opposed the progress of the engineer.\nBeyond Red River for a thousand miles stretched a great plain, known only to\nthe wild Indian and the fur trader; then came the mountains, range after range,\nin close succession, and all unexplored. Through all this, for a distance of\nnearly three thousand miles, the railway surveys had first to be made. These\nconsumed much time and money; people became impatient and found fault and\ndoubted. There were differences of opinion, and these differences became questions\nof domestic politics, dividing parties, and it was not until 1875 that the work of\nconstruction commenced in earnest.\nBut the machinery of Government is ill adapted, at best, to the carrying on of such\nan enterprise, and in this case it was blocked or retarded by political jealousies and\nparty strife. Governments changed and delays occurred, until finally, in 1880, it was\ndecided, almost by common consent, to surrender the work to a private company.\nThe explorations and surveys for the railway had made known the character of\nthe country it was to traverse. In the wilderness east, north and west of Lake\nSuperior forests of pine and other timber and mineral deposits of incalculable value\nwere found, and millions of acres of agricultural land as well. The vast prairie\ndistrict between Winnipeg and the Rocky Mountains proved to be wonderfully rich\nin its agricultural resources. Towards the mountains great coal-fields were discovered,\nand British Columbia beyond was known to contain almost every element of traffic\nand wealth. Thousands of people had settled on the prairies of the Northwest, and\ntheir success had brought tens of thousands more. The political reasons for building\nthe railway were lost sight of and commercial reasons took their place, and there was\nno difficulty in finding a party of capitalists ready and willing to relieve the Govern- THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY ,;:\nTHE NEW HIGHWAY TO THE ORIENT\nment of the work and carry it on as a commercial enterprise. The Canadian Pacific\nRailway Company was organized early in 1881, and immediately entered into a contract with the Government to complete the line within ten years.\nThe railway system of Eastern Canada had already advanced far up the Ottawa\nValley, attracted mainly by the rapidly growing traffic from the pine forests, and it\nwas from a point of connection with this system that the Canadian Pacific Railway\nhad to be carried through to the Pacific Coast, a distance of two thousand five\nhundred and fifty miles. Of this, the Government had under construction one section\nof four hundred and twenty-five miles between Lake Superior and Winnipeg, and\nanother of two hundred and thirteen miles from Burrard Inlet, on the Pacific Coast,\neastward to Kamloops Lake in British Columbia. The Company undertook the\nbuilding of the remaining nineteen hundred and twenty miles, and for this it was to\nreceive from the Government twenty-five million dollars in money and twenty-five\nmillion acres of agricultural land. The two sections of railway under construction\nwere to be finished by the Government, and, together with a branch line of sixty-\nfive miles already in operation from Winnipeg southward to the boundary of the\nUnited States, were to be given to the company, in addition to its subsidies in money\nand lands ; and the entire railway, when completed, was to remain the property of\nthe company.\nThe company set about its task most vigorously, and while the engineers were\nexploring the more difficult and less known section from the Ottawa River to and\naround Lake Superior, and marking out a line for the navvies, work was commenced\nat Winnipeg, and pushed westward across the prairies, where one hundred and thirty\nmiles of the railway were completed before the end of the first year. During the\nsecond year the rails advanced four hundred and fifty miles. The end of the third\nyear found them at the summit of the Rocky Mountains, and the fourth in the\nSelkirks, nearly a thousand and fifty miles from Winnipeg.\nWhile such rapid progress was being made west of Winnipeg, the rails advancing\nat an average rate of more than three miles each working day for months in\nsuccession, and sometimes five and even six miles in a day, armies of men with all\nmodern appliances and thousands of tons of dynamite were breaking down the\nbarriers of hard and tough Laurentian and Huronian rocks, and pushing the line\nthrough the forests north and east of Lake Superior with such energy that Eastern\nCanada and the Canadian Northwest were united by a continuous railway early\nin 1885.\nThe Government section from the Pacific coast eastward had meanwhile reached\nKamloops Lake, and there the company took up the work and carried it on to \u00E2\u0080\u009E\nconnection with a line advancing westward across the Rockies and the Selkirks.\nThe forces working towards each other met at Craigellachie, in Eagle Pass, in the\nGold or Columbia range of mountains, and there on a wet morning, the 7th of\nNovember, 1885, the last rail was laid in the main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway.\nThe energies of the company had not been confined to the mere fulfilment THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY\nof its contract with the Government. Much more was done in order that the railway might fully serve its purpose as a commercial enterprise. Independent connections with the Atlantic sea-board were secured by the purchase of lines leading eastward to Montreal and Quebec; branch lines to the chief centres of trade in Eastern\nCanada were provided by purchase and construction, to collect and distribute the\ntraffic of the main line ; and other branch lines were built in the Northwest for the\ndevelopment of the great prairies.\nThe close of 1885 found the company, not yet five years old, in possession of\nno less than 4,315 miles of railway, including the longest continuous line in the\nworld, extending from Quebec and Montreal all the way across the continent to the\nPacific Ocean, a distance of over three thousand and fifty miles ; and by the midsummer of 1886 all this vast system was fully equipped and fairly working through-\nCITY OF ST. JOHN, NEW BRUNSWICK, FROM REVERSIBLE FALL.\nout. Villages and towns and even cities followed close upon the heels of the\nline-builders; the forests were cleared away, the prairie's soil was turned over,\nmines were opened, and even before the last rail was in place the completed sections were carrying a large and profitable traffic. The touch of this young giant\nof the North was felt upon the world's commerce almost before his existence was\nknown; and not content with the trade of the golden shores of the Pacific from\nCalifornia to Alaska, his arms at once reached out across that broad ocean and\ngrasped the teas and silks of China and Japan to exchange them for the fabrics\nof Europe and North America. THE NEW HIGHWAY TO THE ORIENT\nflgf THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY\n. The following years were marked by an enormous development of traffic and by\nthe addition of many lines of railway to the company's system, and by the establishment\nof the company's magnificent steamship service to Japan and China. One line of\nrailway was extended eastward from Montreal across the State of Maine to a\nconnection with the railway system of the Maritime Provinces of Canada, affording\nconnections with the seaports of Halifax and St. John ; another was completed from\n'Sudbury, on the company's main line, to Sault Ste. Marie, at the outlet of Lake\nSuperior, where a long, steel bridge carries the railway across to a connection with\nits two important American lines leading westward\u00E2\u0080\u0094one to St. Paul and Minneapolis\nand thence continuing across Dakota to Portal where it again connects with the\nCanadian Pacific Railway, the other through the numberless iron mines of the\nMarquette and Gogebic districts to Duluth, at the western extremity of Lake Superior;\nstill another, continues the company's lines westward from Toronto to Detroit,\nconnecting there with lines to Chicago, St. Louis and all of the great Mississippi\nValley. And now, the company's lines embrace over 9,000 miles of railway and\nspread out towards the west like the fingers of a gigantic hand.\nCanada's iron girdle has given a magnetic impulse to her fields, her mines, and\nher manufactories, and the modest colony of yesterday is to-day an energetic nation\nwith great plans and hopes and aspirations.\npi\nHI\n;-.-\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 . ' . \u00E2\u0096\u00A0 \u00E2\u0096\u00A0 '\nCHATEAU FRONTENAC, CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY'S HOTEL,\nDUFFERIN TERRACE, QUEBEC. THE NEW HIGHWAY TO THE ORIENT\nMay I not tempt you, kind reader, to leave England for a few short weeks and\njourney with me across that broad land, the beauties and glories of which have\nso recently been brought within our reach ? There will be no hardships to endure,\nno difficulties to overcome, and no dangers or annoyances whatever. You shall see\nmighty rivers, vast forests, boundless plains, stupendous mountains and wonders\ninnumerable ; and you shall see all in comfort, nay, in luxury.. If you are a\njaded tourist, sick of Old World scenes and smells, you will find everything\nhere fresh and novel. If you are a sportsman, you will meet with unlimited\nopportunities and endless variety, and no one shall deny your right to shoot\nor fish at your own sweet will. If you are a mountain climber, you shall\nhave cliffs and peaks and glaciers worthy of your alpenstock ; and if you have\nlived in India, and tiger hunting has lost its zest, a Rocky Mountain grizzly\nbear will renew your interest in life,\nWe may choose between a Canadian and a New York steamship. The former will\ntake us, in summer, directly up the noble St. Lawrence River to the old and picturesque\ncity of Quebec, the \"Gibraltar of America,\" and the most interesting of all the cities of\nthe New World. Its quaint buildings, crowding along the water's edge and perching on\nthe mountain side, its massive walls and battlements rising tier upon tier to the famous\ncitadel, crowning the mountain top and dominating the magnificent landscape for many\nmiles around, plainly tell of a place and a people with a history. All about this ancient\nstronghold, first of the French and then of the English, every height and hill-side has\nbeen the scene of desperately fought battles. Here the French made their last fight for\nempire in America, in the memorable battle in which Wolfe and Montcalm fell. But\npeace has prevailed for many years ; the fortifications are giving place to warehouses,\nmanufactories, hotels and universities, and the great new docks of massive masonry\nindicate that Quebec is about to re-enter the contest with Montreal for commercial\nsupremacy in Canada ; and the Canadian Pacific Railway Company's new hotel, the\nChateau Frontenac, occupying, on Dufferin Terrace, a matchless site, is the latest great\nstep in this direction.\nHere we find the Canadian Pacific Railway, and one of its trains will take us in a\nfew hours along the north bank of the St. Lawrence, through a well-tilled country and a\nchain of quaint French towns and villages, to Montreal, the commercial capital of the\nDominion.\nIn the winter the Canadian steamship will land us at the old city of Halifax\u00E2\u0080\u0094with\nits magnificent harbor, its strong citadel garrisoned by British troops, its extensive\ncotton mills and sugar refineries, its beautiful parks and charming views. Here, too, a\nCanadian Pacific Railway train will be found ready to carry us westward to Montreal,\npassing on its way through the low green hills of Nova Scotia to Moncton, then\nskirting along the Bay of Fundy to St. John, the chief city of New Brunswick,\na busy and handsome city, and the largest in the Maritime Provinces\u00E2\u0080\u0094another\nwinter port with an extensive trade inland as well as on the ocean ; then following\nthe glorious valley of the River St. John for an hour, turning away from it to 10\nTHE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY\nstrike across the State of Maine, where the scenery is as wild and varied as any\nlover of Nature could wish ; then crossing the boundary line back into Canada again,\nwhere towns and villages reappear, increasing in size as we go along, until they\nbecome cities\u00E2\u0080\u0094forests and saw mills giving place to highly cultivated fields through\nLennoxville, Sherbrooke, Magog, Farnham and St. Johns on the Richelieu ; through\nthe broad level valley of the St. Lawrence, with isolated mountains lifting up here\nand there ; and finally, crossing the St. Lawrence River by the famous cantilever\nbridge of the Canadian Pacific Railway, at the head of Lachine Rapids, we will be\nbrought within view of the spires and chimneys of Montreal; and a few minutes\nlater, rolling along over a viaduct of masonry arches with the city spread out below\nus, we will enter the magnificent passenger terminus of the Canadian Pacific Company.\nPLACE VIGER HOTEL AND PASSENGER STATION, CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY, MONTREAL.\nHad we chosen a New York steamship our route would have brought us from\nthe American metropolis northward by railway along the banks of the far-famed\nHudson River to Troy or Albany, and thence through the Adirondack Mountains\nor along one bank or the other of Lake Champlain to Montreal\u00E2\u0080\u0094a day or a night\nfrom New York.\nHere in Montreal, a hundred years before the British conquest of Canada, the\nFrench bartered with the Indians, and from here their hardy soldiers, priests, traders,\nand voyageurs explored the vast wilderness beyond, building forts, establishing missions\nand trading posts, and planting settlements on all the great rivers and lakes. From\nhere, until long after the British occupation, the wants of the Indians were supplied\nin exchange for furs and peltries, and in this trade Montreal grew rich and important.\nBut finally a change came. The appearance of steam navigation on the inland\nwaters accelerated the settlement of the fertile country at the west; towns and cities THE NEW HIGHWAY TO THE ORIENT\n11 12 THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY\nsprang up about the old outposts of the missionaries and fur-traders; the Indians\nreceded and disappeared, and agricultural products took the place of furs in the\ncommerce of Montreal. Then came the railways, penetrating the interior in every\ndirection, bringing still greater changes and giving a wonderful impetus to the\nwestern country, and Montreal grew apace. And now we find it rising from the\nbroad St. Lawrence to the slopes of Mount Royal, and looking out over a densely\npeopled country dotted with bright and charming villages\u00E2\u0080\u0094a large and beautiful city,\nhalf French, half English, half ancient, half modern ; with countless churches, imposing\npublic buildings, magnificent hotels and tasteful and costly residences; with long\nlines of massive warehouses, immense grain elevators, and many windowed factories;\nand with miles of docks crowded with shipping of all descriptions, from the smallest\nriver craft to the largest ocean vessels.\nWhichever way we came, Montreal should be regarded as the initial point of\nour transcontinental journey, for it is the principal eastern terminus of the Canadian Pacific Railway, and it is the terminus not only of the main line, but of\nnumerous other lines built and acquired by the company to gather up and distribute\nits traffic. From here for a thousand miles we have the choice of two routes. We\nmay go through the farms and orchards of Ontario to Toronto, the second city of\nCanada in importance, much younger than Montreal, but closely growing in the extent\nof its trade and industries, and hoping soon to surpass its older rival in both\u00E2\u0080\u0094a modern\nand handsomely built city, where the solidity and culture of the older East is combined with the brightness and eager activity of the newer West. Here, as at Montreal,\nmany railway lines reach out, and on all sides may be seen the evidences of extensive commerce and great prosperity. From here we may in a few hours visit Niagara,\nby way of Hamilton and the fruit growing districts of Southern Ontario, and then,\nresuming our westward journey by one of the Canadian Pacific lines, four hours will\nbring us to Owen Sound, on Georgian Bay, whence one of the trim Clyde-built steel\nsteamships of the railway company will take us in less than two days across Lake Huron\nand through the Straits of Sault Ste. Marie, where we will be lifted by an enormous lock\nto the level of Lake Superior, and then across this greatest of fresh water seas to\nFort William, on Thunder Bay, where the western section of the Canadian Pacific\nRailway begins.\nBut you are impatient to see the mountains, and if you will permit me to choose,\ndear reader, we will start from Montreal by the main line of railway, and in order\nthat we may miss nothing we will return by the great lakes, and see Toronto and\nthe Falls of Niagara then.\nAlthough the locomotive is hissing, as if impatient for the signal to go, we have\nyet a few minutes to spare, and, if it is agreeable to you, we will look over the train THE NEW HIGHWAY TO THE ORIENT\n13\nwhich is to carry us to the Pacific. Next to the engine we find a long post-office\nvan, in which a number of clerks are busily sorting letters and stowing away mail-\nsacks, then an express or parcels van, and then another laden with luggage. Following\nthese are two or three bright and cheerful colonist coaches, with seats which may be\ntransformed into sleeping bunks at night, and with all sorts of novel contrivances for\nthe comfort of the hardy and good-looking immigrants who have already secured\ntheir places for the long journey to the prairies of the Northwest or the valleys of\nBritish Columbia. Next we find two or three handsomely fitted coaches for passengers\nmaking short trips along the line, and finally come the dining and sleeping cars, in\nINTERIOR CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY DINING CAR.\nwhich we are to live for some days and nights. The railway carnages to which\nyou are accustomed are dwarfed to meet Old World conditions, but these in our\ntrain seem to be proportioned to the length and breadth of the land. The diner is\nelaborately appointed\u00E2\u0080\u0094a marvel of comfort and convenience, and we experience a\nnew and delightful sensation in breakfasting and dining at our ease and in luxury as\nwe fly along through such interesting scenery. Our sleeping car is unlike the\n\" Pullman's\" you have seen in England, being much larger and far more luxurious.\nWith its soft and rich cushions, silken curtains, thick carpets, delicate carvings 14\nTHE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY\nand beautiful decorations, and with its numberless and ingenious appliances for\nconvenience and comfort, it gives us a promise of a delightful journey.\nWe glide out of the Montreal passenger station, an imposing Romanesque\nstructure, and from a viaduct of masonry arches look down upon the house tops\nuntil we leave the city behind.* For a time we are still among the old French\nsettlements, as is evidenced by the pretty cottages and the long and narrow well-\ntilled farms. There is an air of thrift and comfort everywhere. We have hills and\ndistant mountains on\nthe one hand and the\nbroad and beautiful\nOttawa River on the\n;-C31S^llgtlpiP^ v- yf^\u00C2\u00A5 ^Slllll' other- Villages are\n,r=i=i^__g3_ Hf \u00C2\u00BB^3^ml^teS^frKf^^^^&^ ,-.\npassed in close succession, and soon we are\nn earing Ottawa, the\ncapital of the Dominion.\nHigh up there, on a\nbold cliff overlooking\nthe river, are the Government Buildings and\nthe Parliament House\nof the Dominion, with\ntheir Gothic towers and\nmany pinnacles, making\na magnificent group.\nAway to the left is\nRideau Hall, the residence of the Governor-\nGeneral, and stretching\nfar over the heights\nbeyond is the city. On\nthe broad flats below\nare acres, perhaps miles,\nof great square piles of\ndeals, and the cloud\nthat rises beyond comes\nfrom the Chaudiere Falls, where the whole volume of the Ottawa River takes a\ntumble, and is. made to furnish power to a host of saw-mills and manufactories.\nWe are beyond the French country now; the farms are larger, and the modest\ncottages have given place to farm houses, many of them of brick and stone, and all\nhaving a well-to-do air about them. The towns are larger, there are more manufactories,\nand there is more hurry and more noise. At frequent intervals on the river bank are\nSTATE-ROOM IN FIRST-CLASS SLEEPING CAR. - \\nTHE NEW HIGHWAY TO THE ORIENT\n15\nil\nIPH_\nr\y..\n.. ' : . . ' ' '\n: '\u00E2\u0096\u00A0: \u00E2\u0096\u00A0: \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\nv- / . M \u00C2\u00A7\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\"\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\n\"'.-'\u00E2\u0096\u00A0: ; \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0096\u00A0'\n\" -r \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 . \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 -\n95\u00C2\u00A3w\nnHHP <#!\n^\u00C2\u00AB\u00E2\u0080\u0094-Wr* A Is\u00C2\u00BB_\n' ifi ' JSafflr'T? 8* \u00C2\u00A5\n9 $,;\nt#H:: ; \u00C2\u00AB\n. -\nifill:'\nI, <* '.\nMRS\n! VII,\nWIISwII\t 16\nTHE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY\ngreat saw-mills, surrounded by vast piles of lumber. The logs are floated down\nfrom the forests on the Ottawa River and its tributaries, and the product is shipped\nto Europe, to the United States, and everywhere.\nGradually the towns become smaller and the farms more scattered ; the valley\ncontracts and deepens, and we are in the new country. We leave the Ottawa River,\nand strike across toward Lake Superior. We are surprised at the thriving villages\nthat have already sprung up here and there, and at the number of hardy pioneers\nwho are clearing away the timber and making homes for themselves. At intervals\nof four or five hours we come to the railway Divisional Stations, where there are\nworkshops, engine-sheds, and quite a collection of neat cottages. At these places we\nchange engines and then move on. It is a long way from the Ottawa to Lake\nSuperior, but the ever-recurring rocky pine-clad hills, pretty lakes, dark forests, glistening\nCANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY S STEAMSHIP ON\nLAKES HURON AND SUPERIOR.\nstreams and cascades keep our interest alive. We are alert for the sight of a bear\nor a deer, and we do not heed the time. Our only regret is that we cannot stop for\neven an hour to cast a fly in one of the many tempting pools.\nAt Sudbury, a new-looking town planted in the forest, we find a branch line of\nrailway leading off to the straits of Sault Ste. Marie, where it connects with two\nAmerican lines, extending to Duluth, St. Paul and Minneapolis, and beyond, and\nwhich brings this way vast quantities of flour and grain on its way to the Atlantic\nsea-board; and here at Sudbury we see long lines of cars heaped with the products\nof the mines and smelting furnaces near by, for within a few miles are deposits of\ncopper and nickel ores aggregating millions of tons, and the numerous columns of\nsmoke rising over the tree-tops indicate the extent to which they are worked. THE NEW HIGHWAY TO THE ORIENT 17\nWe move on through never-ending hills, meadows, forests and lakes, and now,\nabout 24 hours after leaving Montreal, we catch glimpses of Lake Superior away to\nour left, and soon we are running along its precipitous shore. On our right are\ntree-clad mountains, and there are rocks in plenty all about.\nFor many hours we look out upon the lake, its face just now still and smooth\nand dotted here and there with sails, or streaked with the black smoke of a steamer.\nAt times we are back from the lake a mile or more, and high above it; again we\nare running along the cliffs on the shore as low down as the engineer dared venture-\nHour after hour we glide through tunnels and deep rock-cuttings, over immense\nembankments, bridges and viaducts, everywhere impressed by the extraordinary\ndifficulties that had to be overcome by the men who built the line.\nWe cross the Nepigon River, famed for its five-pound trout, run down the shore\nof Thunder Bay, and stop at the station at Port Arthur, a thousand miles from\nMontreal. This place and Fort William, at the mouth of the Kaministiquia River,\na short distance farther down the bay, constitute together the Lake Terminus of the\nWestern Section of the railway.\nOn the way hither we have met numerous long trains laden with grain and flour,\ncattle and other freight, but we have not until now begun to realize the magnitude\nof the traffic of the Northwest. Here on every side we see the evidence of it.\nLong piers and wharves crowded with shipping, great piles of lumber, coal and\nmerchandise, with the railway grain elevators looming above all. Four of these\nelevators at Fort William are monsters, holding twelve to fifteen hundred thousand\nbushels each. Not far away are rich silver mines, and a railway has been made to\nthese and to the iron deposits beyond.\nThe scenery here is more diversified and beautiful than any we have yet seen.\nThe wide emerald-green waters of Thunder Bay are enclosed by abrupt black-and-\npurple basaltic cliffs on the one side, and by hills rising roll upon roll on the other.\nHere the Kaministiquia River, broad, deep and placid, emerges from a dark forest\nand joins the waters of Lake Superior, giving little token that but a few miles back\nit has made a wild plunge from a height nearly equalling that of Niagara itself.\nOur train is increased to provide for the passengers who have come up by\nsteamer and joined us here, and by a goodly number of pleasure seekers who have\nbeen fishing and shooting in the vicinity, and who, like ourselves, are bent on seeing\nthe great mountains far to the west. We leave the lake and again move westward,\nand for a night and part of the following day we are in a wild, strange country.\nThe rivers seem all in a hurry, and we are seldom out of sight of dancing rapids\nor foaming cataracts. The deep, rock-bound lakes grow larger as we move westward. Fires have swept through the woods in places, and the blackened stumps\nand the dead trees, with their naked branches stretched out against the sky, are\nweird and ghost-like as we glide through them in the moonlight. It was through\nthis rough and broken country, for a distance of more than four hundred miles,\nthat Wolseley successfully led his army in 1870 to suppress a rebellion of the li\nTHE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY\nhalf-breeds on Red River, and some of his abandoned boats are yet to be seen\nfrom the railway.\nBut wild and rough as it is, this country is full of natural wealth. Valuable\nminerals and precious metals abound, and mining operations- are carried on extensively\nand successfully, and from here, mainly, is procured the timber to supply the\nprairies beyond. Right in . the heart of this wilderness thriving villages are met and\nan encouraging commencement of farming is seen ; and at the outlet of the Lake-\nof-the-Woods, we suddenly come upon half a dozen busy saw-mills, their chimneys\nblack against the sky ; and standing far above all these an immense flouring-mill, of\ngranite, with a cluster of grain elevators and warehouses about it; and here at\nKeewatin are the extensive, newly-completed works of the Keewatin Power Company,\nwhich make of the Lake-of-the-Woods a mill-pond of 3,000 square miles and afford\na most convenient and unlimited water-power for mills and establishments of all\nSOME OF THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY'S\nGRAIN ELEVATORS AT FORT WILLIAM.\nkinds for supplying the needs of the great Northwest beyond, and for manufacturing\nits products on their way to the Eastern markets.\nAs we draw nearer to the prairies we find great saw-mills begin to appear, with\npiles of lumber awaiting shipment ; and at the stations increasing accumulations of\ntimber to be moved westward\u00E2\u0080\u0094firewood, fence posts and beams and blocks for\nall purposes. Many men find employment in these forests, and villages are growing\nup at intervals. And, strange as it may seem, hardy settlers are clearing the land\nand making farms; but these are Eastern Canadians who were born in the woods\nand who despise the cheap ready-made farms of the prairies. THE NEW HIGHWAY TO THE ORIENT\n19\nWe suddenly emerged from among the trees and enter the wide, level valley of\nRed River, and in a little while we cross the river on a long iron bridge, and enter\nthe magic city of Winnipeg. It will be well worth your while to stop here for a\nday. Notwithstanding all you have been told about it, you can hardly be prepared to\nfind a frontier trading post of yesterday transformed into a city of nearly fifty thousand\ninhabitants, with miles of imposing structures, hotels, stores, banks and theatres, with\nbeautiful churches, schools and colleges, with tasteful and even splendid residences, with\nimmense mills and many manufactories, with a far-reaching trade, and with all the\nevidences of wealth, comfort and cultivation to be found in cities of a century's growth.\nWhile you\nwill find in Winnipeg the key to\nmuch that you\nwill see beyond,\nyou must look\nbeyond for the\nkey to much you\nwill see in Winnipeg. Situated\njust where the\nforests end and\nthe vast prairies\nbegin, with thousands of miles\nof river navigation to the north,\nsouth and west,\nand with railways radiating\nin every direction like the spokes of a wheel, Winnipeg has become, what it must always\nbe, the commercial focus of the Canadian Northwest. Looking at these long lines of\nwarehouses filled with goods, and these forty miles or more of railway tracks all crowded\nwith cars, you begin to realize the vastness of the country we are about to enter.\nFrom here the wants of the people in the West are supplied, and this way come the\nproducts of their fields, while from the far North are brought furs in great variety\nand number.\nAnd now for the last stage of our journey. The beautiful sleeping car in\nwhich we came up from Montreal kept on its way westward whilst we were \" doing\"\nWinnipeg, but we find another awaiting us, differing from the first only in name.\nLooking through the train we find but few of our fellow passengers of yesterday.\nNearly everybody stops at Winnipeg for a longer or shorter time, some to remain\npermanently, others to visit the land offices of the Government or of the railway\nCANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY S SLEEPING CAR. 20 THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY\ncompany; others to purchase supplies or materials for their new prairie homes;\nand still others only to see the town, as we have done. We find among the\nnew passengers representatives of all grades of society\u00E2\u0080\u0094gentlemen travelling for\npleasure, sportsmen, merchants and commercial travellers, high-born young men\nseeking fortunes in large farms or in ranching, keen-looking Japanese, pig-tailed Chinamen, sturdy English, Scotch, American, German and Scandinavian immigrants, land-\nhunters in plenty, their pockets stuffed with maps and with pamphlets full of land\nlore, gold and silver miners for the Kootenay, the Cariboo and the Klondike, and\nprofessional men of all descriptions. There is not a sorrowful visage in the party ; every\nface wears a bright and expectant look, and the wonderfully clear sky and the\nbrilliant sunshine add to the cheerfulness of the scene.\nThe Rocky Mountains are yet nearly a thousand miles away. A few short years\nago this was a six weeks' journey, under the most favorable circumstances, and it was\ncounted a good trip when the old-time ox-trains, carrying goods and supplies to the\ndistant trading-posts, reached the mountains in three months; but our stages will be\nnumbered by hours instead of days.\nLeaving Winnipeg, we strike out at once upon a broad plain as level and green\nas a billiard table, extending to the north and west apparently without limit, and\nbordered at the south by a line of trees marking the course of the Assiniboine River.\nThis is not yet the prairie, but a great widening of the valleys of the Red and\nAssiniboine rivers, which unite at Winnipeg. To the left, and skirting the river, is\na continuous line of well-tilled farms, with comfortable farm houses peering out from\namong the trees. To the right is a vast meadow, with countless cattle half hidden\nin the grass. The railway stretches away before us without curve or deflection as far\nas the eye can reach, and the motion of the train is hardly felt as we fly along. As\nwe proceed westward we imperceptibly reach higher ground, and the country is\ncheckered with fields of grain, and dotted far into the distance with farm-houses and\ngrain-stacks.\nFifty-six miles from Winnipeg we reach Portage-la-Prairie, another city of a day's\ngrowth, and the centre of a well-developed and prosperous farming region. Its big\nelevators and flour-mills, its busy streets and substantial houses, tell their own story.\nFrom here a railway reaches away two hundred miles or more to the north and\nnorthwest, making more lands accessible (if more be needed), bringing down grain\nand cattle, and before long to bring salt and petroleum as well. Crossing a low\nrange of sand-hills, marking the shore of an ancient lake, we pass through a\nbeautifully undulating country, fertile and well settled, as the busy little towns and\nthe ever-present grain elevators bear evidence.\nOne hundred and thirty-three miles from Winnipeg we cross the Assiniboine River\nand reach Brandon, next to Winnipeg the largest town in the Canadian Northwest, a\ncity, in fact, although but a few years old, with handsome buildings, well-made streets\nand an unusual number of large grain elevators and mills ; and here again railways lead\naway, one to the northwest and another to the southwest to the Souris coal fields. THE NEW HIGHWAY TO THE ORIENT\n21\nLeaving Brandon we have fairly reached the first of the great prairie steppes,\nthat rise one after the other at long intervals to the Rocky Mountains ; and now we\nare on the real prairie, not the monotonous, uninteresting plain your imagination has\npictured, but a great billowy ocean of grass and flowers, now swelling into low hills,\nagain dropping into broad basins, with gleaming ponds, and broken here and there\nby valleys and irregular lines of trees marking the water-courses. The horizon only\nlimits the view; and, as far as the eye can reach, the prairie is dotted with newly\nmade farms, with great black squares where the sod has just been turned by the\nplough, and with herds of cattle. The short, sweet grass, studded with brilliant\nflowers, covers the land as with a carpet, ever changing in color as the flowers of\nthe different seasons and places give to it their predominating hue.\nCITY OF BRANDON, MANITOBA.\nThe deep, black soil of the valley we left in the morning has given place to a\nsoil of lighter color, overlying a porous clay, less inviting to the inexperienced\nagriculturist, but nevertheless of the very highest value, for here is produced in the\ngreatest perfection the most famous of all varieties of wheat\u00E2\u0080\u0094that known as the\n\"Hard Fyfe Wheat of Manitoba\"\u00E2\u0080\u0094and oats as well, and rye, barley and flax, and\ngigantic potatoes, and almost everything that can be grown in a temperate climate.\nAll these flourish here without appreciable drain upon the soil. Once here, the British\nfarmer soon forgets all about fertilizers. His children may have to look to such\nthings, but he will not.\nWe pass station after station, nearly all alike, except as to the size of the villages\nsurrounding them, some of which are of considerable importance. The railway 22\nTHE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY\nrvr***\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0t;\n9\n'\u00E2\u0096\u00A0mm\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0II\ni \"\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0%\nr\nill\nto\nit\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0''w * * ^\n4 Jl,;\n'4/\n|f'V ;\n'* J *f\n,,iW 4'. 1\n* Jill\n^\u00C2\u00A5^k '\"Twl3ilf&\n-ff^^r^ THE NEW HIGHWAY TO THE ORIENT 23\nbuildings at these stations are uniform, and consist of an attractive station-house for\npassengers and goods, a great round water-tank, cottages for the section men, and the\nnever-ending grain-elevators\u00E2\u0080\u0094tall, solid structures, always telling the same story.\nEvery minute or two we see coveys of \" prairie chickens\" rising from the grass, startled\nby the passing train. Ducks of many kinds are seen about the frequent ponds, together\nwith wild geese and cranes, and occasionally great white pelicans. The sportsmen\nhave nearly all dropped off at the different stations. Those who remain are after larger\ngame further west\u00E2\u0080\u0094antelope or caribou, or the bear, sheep or goat, of the mountains.\nThree hundred and sixty miles from Winnipeg we reach Regina, the capital of\nthe North-West Territories, situated in the centre of an apparently boundless but\nvery fertile plain. The buildings here have more of a frontier look than those of the\nlarger towns we have left behind; but it is a busy place, an important centre of\ntrade, and one of the cities of the future. From here a railway branches off to the\nnorth, crossing the South Saskatchewan River at Saskatoon, and continuing on to\nPrince Albert on the North Saskatchewan. As we leave the station going westward,\nwe see on our right the Government Buildings and Governor's residence, and a little\nbeyond, the headquarters of the Northwest Mounted Police, a body of men of whom\nCanada is justly proud. This organization is composed of young and picked men,\nthoroughly drilled, and governed by the strictest military discipline. Their firm and\nconsiderate rule won the respect and obedience of the Indians long before the\nadvent of the railway, and its coming was attended by none of the lawlessness and\nviolence which have darkly marked the opening of new districts elsewhere in America,\nso wholesome was the fame of these red-coated guardians of the prairies. At Moose\nJaw, forty-one miles beyond Regina, the main line is joined by another from St. Paul\nand Minneapolis\u00E2\u0080\u0094a line belonging to the Canadian Pacific Railway Co.\u00E2\u0080\u0094which now\naffords the shortest route between the Mississippi Valley and the Pacific Coast.\nLeaving Moose Jaw we commence the ascent of another prairie steppe. We have\nnow nearly reached the end of the continuous settlement, and beyond to the mountains\nwe shall only find the pioneer farmers in groups here and there, and, at intervals of\ntwo hours or so, the dozen establishments of an English company, where wheat\ngrowing and cattle raising are carried on together in a large and systematic way\u00E2\u0080\u0094\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\neach establishment embracing ten thousand or more acres. The country, while\nretaining the chief characteristics of the prairie, becomes more broken, and numerous\nlakes and ponds occur in the depressions. We shall see no trees now for a hundred\nmiles, and without them the short buffalo grass gives the country a desolate barren\nlook ; but it is far from barren, as the occasional farms and station gardens testify,\nwith their wonderful growth of cereals and vegetables. There is a flutter of excitement among the passengers, and a rush to the windows. Antelope ! We shall see\nthem often enough now. At Chaplin we come to one of the Old Wives' lakes,\nwhich are extensive bodies of water having no outlet, and consequently alkaline.\nWe are now entering a very paradise for sportsmen. The lakes become more\nfrequent. Some are salt, some are alkaline, but most of them are clear and fresh 24 THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY\nWild geese, cranes, ducks\u00E2\u0080\u0094a dozen varieties\u00E2\u0080\u0094snipe, plover and curlew, all common\nenough throughout the prairies, are found here in myriads. Water fowl blacken the\nsurface of the lakes and ponds, long white lines of pelicans disport themselves along\nthe shores, and we hear the notes and cries of many strange birds whose names I\ncannot tell you. \" Prairie chickens \" are abundant on the high ground, and antelopes\nare common in the hills.\nThe country is reticulated with buffalo trails, and pitted with their wallows; but\nthe buffalo has disappeared, except in pitiably few numbers in the farther north,\nwhere he is known as the \" wood buffalo.\" Hour after hour we roll along, with little\nchange in the aspect of the country. The geese and ducks have ceased to interest\nus, and even a coyote no longer attracts attention ; but the beautiful antelope has\nnever-ending charms for us, and as, startled by our approach, he bounds away, we\nwatch the white tuft which serves him for a tail until it disappears in the distance.\nWe have crossed the high broken country known here as the Coteau, and far\naway to the southwest we see the Cypress Hills appearing as a deep blue line, and,\nfor want of anything else, we watch these gradually rising as we draw near to them.\nThe railway skirts their base for many miles, following what seems to be a broad\nvalley, and crossing many clear little streams making their way from the hills northward to the Saskatchewan. At Maple Creek, a little town with extensive yards for\nthe shipment of cattle, we see the red coats of the mounted police, who are looking\nafter a large encampment of Indians near by. The Indians are represented on the\nstation platform by braves of high and low degree, squaws and pappooses, mostly\nbent on trading pipes and trinkets for tobacco and silver\u00E2\u0080\u0094a picturesque looking lot,\nbut dirty withal. Leaving the station we catch sight of their encampment, a mile or\nso away\u00E2\u0080\u0094tall, conical \" tepees \" of well-smoked cloths or skins; Indians in blankets\nof brilliant colors ; hundreds of ponies feeding in the rich grasses; a line of graceful\ntrees in the background; seemingly more beautiful than ever because of their rarity\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nall making, with the dark Cypress Hills rising in the distance, a picture most novel and\nstriking.\nFrom Dunmore Junction, 655 miles west of Winnipeg, there stretches away\nwestward, to the south of the main transcontinental line, the Crow's Nest Pass Branch\nof the Canadian Pacific Railway, which provides a short route to the Kootenay gold-\nfields. This newly constructed line taps the Lethbridge collieries, and touching\nthe flourishing town of Macleod, traverses the great southern Alberta ranching country,\nthe home of the Cow-boy and the Cattle King. Beyond Macleod, the Rockies rise\nsharp and clear out of the western horizon, while the intervening country is a panorama\nof undulating prairie upon which vast herds of cattle graze. As the mountains are\nneared the surface of the prairies become seamed with numerous streams, large and\nsmall, of crystal icy water flowing toward the Saskatchewan River fresh from its source\namongst the eternal snows\u00E2\u0080\u0094streams abounding in trout of various species; and water\nfowl, prairie chicken and other feathered game are here also, and farther on, in the\nmountains, the more venturesome sportsman can gratify his ambition for grizzly and THE NEW HIGHWAY TO THE ORIENT\n25\nblack bear, elk, and mountain sheep and goat. The railway enters the Rockies through\na narrow pass guarded on either side by towering peaks, whose bare bases almost touch\nthe track, and after skirting Crow's Nest Lake, crosses the summit of the Rockies at\nan elevation of 4,427 feet, and penetrates the rapidly developing East Kootenay\nregion. Gold and silver and the baser metals are found here in plenty, and here\nare said to be the largest undeveloped coal areas in the world.\nAt Fernie, a town of yesterday's birth, evidences of the new life that has been\ninfused into the country are seen on every hand, and many coke ovens, whose number\nis being rapidly multiplied, are already employed to supply fuel for the smelters\nof West Kootenay. We pass Cranbrook and other towns whose existence dates\nfrom the building of the railway, and on the beautiful Moyie Lake come in\nclose contact with active mining operations. The country through which we pass\nCANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY'S STEAMER ON ARROW LAKE.\nis rich not only in mineral and forest wealth, but in the broad valleys are seen\ncountless opportunities for the coming farmer and rancher. While the mountain\nscenery may not have the same majestic features which characterize the main line of\nCanadian Pacific to the north, it has a charm all its own, varying in its nature from\nbeetling crags and whitened peaks to pleasant meadow lands and picturesque water\nstretches. At Kootenay Landing, at the southern end of Kootenay Lake, the present\nterminus of the Crow's Nest Pass Branch is reached, a little to the south of which\nthe Kootenay River re-enters Canadian territory after making a detour through\nMontana and Idaho; the railway company has built transfer slips, and here laden 26\nTHE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY\nfreight cars are transferred to barges and towed to Nelson where they are re-transferred to the railway tracks which lead west and north from there. By one of the Company's splendidly equipped steamers which ply on all these magnificent inland British\nColumbia waters, we are conveyed to Nelson, a thriving and prosperous mining\ntown of great promise, picturesquely located on an arm of the lake. . From here we\ncan go by rail down the grand canon of the mighty Lower Kootenay River to\nRobson, and on to Trail, the great smelter centre, and to Rossland, around which\ncluster a famous group of mines, and from Robson we can also go over the\nrailway westwardly into the newly opened Boundary Country, and visit a dozen\nbusy and thriving mining camps, the foundation of whose prosperity is laid upon the\nCANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY S STEAMER ON SLOCAN LAKE.\nvast mineral wealth of that region. From Robson we can rejoin the main line\nof the Canadian Pacific by sailing up the Columbia River and the upper Arrow\nLake\u00E2\u0080\u0094stopping off, if we will, at Nakusp and there taking another branch railway\nto Sandon, in the centre of the wonderfully rich silver-lead mining region of the\nSlocan\u00E2\u0080\u0094which can also be reached direct from Nelson, by way of Slocan Lake,\none of the prettiest of mountain waters. Returning to Nakusp, our way lies\nfarther up the Arrow Lake, lying between the Selkirks on the one hand and the\nGold range on the other, in a region- where exists a superb combination of lake\nand mountain scenery; and from Arrowhead, where the Columbia coming from the THE NEW HIGHWAY TO THE ORIENT 27\nnorth pours its flood into the lake, a short railway ride will take us to the newly-\ncreated city of Revelstoke, from which our western journey is resumed.\nLet us now return to Dunmore and make the journey on the main line of the\nCanadian Pacific which passes through an inviting stretch of country\u00E2\u0080\u0094perhaps the\nmost attractive in the world to tourists. From Dunmore we descend to the valley\nof the South Saskatchewan, and soon arrive at Medicine Hat, a finely situated\nand rapidly growing town, a thousand miles from Lake Superior, on the broad and\nbeautiful Sackatchewan River. Crossing the river on a long iron bridge, we\nascend again to the high prairie, now a rich pasture dotted with lakelets.\nEverywhere the flower-sprinkled sward is marked by the deep narrow trails of the\nbuffalo, and the saucer-like hollows where the shaggy monsters used to wallow ;\nand strewing the plain in all directions are the whitened skulls of these noble\nanimals, now so nearly extinct. There are farms around many of the little stations\neven so far west as this, and the herds of cattle grazing on the knolls indicate\nthe \" ranch country\"; and here Nature seems to have atoned in part for the\nscarcity of timber by providing beneath the surface a reservoir of natural gas, which\nhas been tapped at some of the stations and made to afford power for pumping\nwater, and light and heat for the station houses, and which will soon be utilized\nin reducing the silver ores from the mountains not far away.\nAs we approach Crowfoot Station, all are alive for the first view of the Rocky\nMountains, yet more than a hundred miles away ; and soon we see them\u00E2\u0080\u0094a glorious\nline of snowy peaks, rising straight from the plain, and extending the whole length\nof the western horizon, seemingly an impenetrable barrier. As we speed on, peak\nrises behind peak, then dark bands of forest that reach up to the snow-line come\ninto view ; the snow-fields and glaciers glisten in the sunlight, and over the rolling\ntops of the foot-hills the passes are seen, cleft deep into the heart of the mountains.\nWe are now in the country of the once-dreaded Blackfeet, the most handsome and\nwarlike of all the Indian tribes, but now peacefully settled on a reservation near by.\nWe have been running parallel to the tree-lined banks of the Bow River, and now,\ncrossing its crystal waters, we find ourselves on a beautiful hill-girt plateau, in the\ncentre of which stands the new city of Calgary, at the base of the Rocky Mountains,\ntwo thousand two hundred and sixty-four miles from Montreal and three thousand\nfour hundred and sixteen feet above the ocean.\nBefore us, and on either side, the mountains rise in varied forms and in endless\nchange of aspect, as the lights and shadows play upon them. Behind us is the\ngreat sea of open prairie. Northward is the wooded district of Edmonton and the\nNorth Saskatchewan, full of moose, elk, bear and all manner of fur-bearing animals\nand winged game, and a most attractive agricultural country as well, with great\nwaterways that lead through the vast Mackenzie basin to the Arctic regions.\nStretching away one hundred and fifty miles to the United States boundary southward,\nis the Ranch Country; and both these districts have recently been made accessible by\na railway extending northward from Calgary to Edmonton, and southward to Macleod. 28\nTHE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY\nvvLfw^ THE NEW HIGHWAY TO THE ORIENT 29\nYou may be sure of a cordial welcome should you visit the ranchmen, and it\nwill be worth your while to do so. You will find them all along the foot-hills, their\ncountless herds feeding far out on the plain. Cattle and horses graze at will all over\nthe country, summer and winter alike. The warm \" Chinook\" winds from across the\nmountains keep the ground free from snow in the winter, except for a day or two at\na time, and the nutritious and naturally cured grasses are always within reach of the\ncattle. In the spring and autumn all the ranchmen join in a \"round-up\" to collect\nand sort the animals according to the brands of the different owners, and then\nthe \" cow-boy \" appears in all his glory. To see these splendid riders \" cutting out\" or\nseparating the animals from the common herd, lassoing and throwing them, that they may\nbe branded with the owner's mark, or herding a band of free-born and unbroken horses,\nis well worth coming all this way. The ranchmen, fine fellows from the best families\nin the East and in England, live here in a lordly way. Admirable horsemen, with\nabundant leisure and unlimited opportunities for sport, their intense love for this\ncountry is no matter of wonder, nor is it surprising that every day brings more\nyoung men of the best class to join in this free and joyous life. All along the\nbase of the mountains clear streams come down to the plain at frequent intervals;\ncoal crops out on the water courses, and there is timber in plenty throughout the\nfoot-hills. The soil is rich and deep, game is abundant and the climate is matchless.\nWhat more can one desire?\nLeaving Calgary and going westward again, following up the valley of the\nBow, the gradually increasing river terraces and the rounded grassy foot-hills on\nwhich innumerable horses, cattle, and sheep are feeding, shut out the mountains\nfor an hour or two. Suddenly we come upon them grand and stern and close at\nhand. For more than six hundred miles and until we reach the Pacific they will\nbe constantly with us. We enter an almost hidden portal, and find ourselves in a\nvalley, between two great mountain ranges. At every turn of the valley, which is\nan alternation of precipitous gorges and wide parks, a new picture presents itself\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nseen in all its completeness from the observation car now attached to the rear of\nthe train. The beautiful river now roars through a narrow defile, now spreads out\ninto a placid lake, reflecting the forests, cliffs, and snowy summits. Serrated peaks,\nand vast pyramids of rock, with curiously contorted and folded strata, are followed\nby gigantic castellated masses, down whose sides cascades fall thousands of feet.\nThe marvellous clearance of the air brings out the minutest detail of this Titanic\nsculpture. Through the gorges we catch glimpses of glaciers and other strange\nand rare sights, and now and then of wild goats and mountain sheep, grazing on\nthe cliffs far above us near the snow-line. The mountains would be oppressive in\ntheir grandeur, their solemnity, and their solitude, but for an occasional mining\ntown or a sportsman's tent, which give a human interest to the scene.\nThree hours after leaving Calgary we begin at Canmore to see coal mines,\nboth anthracite and bituminous, and soon after stop at the station at Banff,\nalready famous for its hot and sulphurous springs, which possess wonderful curative 30\nTHE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY THE NEW HIGHWAY TO THE ORIENT 31\npowers, and which have already attracted thousands of people, many of them from\ngreat distances. The district for miles about has been reserved by the Canadian\nGovernment as a natural park, and much has already been done to add to its\nnatural beauty, or, rather, to make its beauties accessible; for in this supremely\nbeautiful place the hands of men can add but little. Everybody stops here for a\nday or two at least, and we should do likewise. We shall find luxurious quarters\nin a large and handsomely appointed hotel, perched on a hill overlooking the\nbeautiful valley of Bow River. The river comes down from its glacier sources at\nthe west, plunges over a precipice beneath the hotel balconies, and, stretching\naway through the deep, forested valley, disappears among the distant mountains at\nthe east. Half a dozen ranges of magnificent snow-tipped mountains centre here,\neach differing from the others in form and color; and the converging valleys\nseparating them afford matchless views in all directions. Well-made carriage roads\nand bridle paths lead to the different springs and wind about among the mountains everywhere.\nResuming our journey, we are soon reminded by the increasing nearness of\nthe fields of snow and ice on the mountain-slopes that we are reaching a great\nelevation. Thirty-four miles west of Banff is Laggan, the station for the \" Lakes in\nthe Clouds.\" We must must not fail to visit these lakes, which are of singular beauty,\nand are situated one above the other among the mountains, within easy reach of\nthe station. On the margin of Lake Louise, the first reached, is a picturesque\nchalet where tourists lunch and remain over night. From it radiate easy paths to\nthe Upper Lakes\u00E2\u0080\u0094Mirror and Agnes\u00E2\u0080\u0094and the aptly-named Paradise Valley and\nother picturesque spots. Two hours from Banff our train stops at a little station,\nand we are told that this is the summit of the Rocky Mountains, just a mile above\nthe sea; but it is the summit only in an engineering sense, for the mountains still\nlift their white heads five thousand to seven thousand feet above us, and stretch away\nto the northwest and the southeast like a great backbone, as indeed they are\u00E2\u0080\u0094the\n\"backbone of the continent\".\nTwo little streams begin here from a common source. The waters of one find\ntheir way down to the Saskatchewan and into Hudson Bay, and the other joins\nthe flood which the Columbia pours into the Pacific Ocean. Passing three emerald\nlakes,' deep set in the mountains, we follow the westbound stream down through a\ntortuous rock-ribbed canon, where the waters are dashed to foam in incessant leaps\nand whirls. This is the Wapta or Kicking-Horse Pass. Ten miles below the summit\nwe round the base of Mount Stephen, a stupendous mountain rising directly from\nthe railway to a height of more than eight thousand feet, holding on one of its\nshoulders, and almost over our heads, a glacier, whose shining green ice, five hundred\nfeet thick, is slowly crowded over a sheer precipice of dizzy height, and crushed to\natoms below. On the broad front of the mountain we trace the zig-zag lines of a\ntramway coming down from a silver mine somewhere among the clouds. From the\nrailway, clinging to the mountain side, we look down upon the river valley, which 32\nTHE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY\nI,-,.\n',1..;\nEh : THE NEW HIGHWAY TO THE ORIENT 33\nsuddenly widening here, holds between the dark pine-clad mountains a mirror-like\nsheet of water, reflecting with startling fidelity each peak and precipice.\nStill following the river, now crossing deep ravines, now piercing projecting rocky\nspurs, now quietly gliding through level park-like expanses of greensward, with\nbeautiful trees, pretty lakelets and babbling brooks, with here and there a saw-mill,\na slate quarry or some other new industry, we soon enter a tremendous gorge, whose\nfrowning walls, thousands of feet high, seem to overhang, the boiling stream which\nfrets and roars at their base, and this we follow for miles, half shut in from the\ndaylight.\nTwo hours from the summit and three thousand feet below it, the gorge suddenly\nexpands, and we see before us high up against the sky a jagged line of snowy peaks\nof new forms and colors. A wide, deep, forest covered valley intervenes, holding a\nboard and rapid river. This is the Columbia. The new mountains before us are\nthe Selkirks, and we have now crossed the Rockies. Sweeping around into the\nColumbia Valley we have a glorious mountain view. To the north and south, as far\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 as the eye can reach, we have the Rockies on the one hand and the Selkirks on the\nother, widely differing in aspect, but each ndescribably grand. Both rise from the\nriver in a succession of tree-clad benches, and soon leaving the trees behind, shoot\nupward to the regions of perpetual snow and ice. Here is the new town of Golden,\nwith smelting works, ri.ver steamers and choice \" corner lots.\" The railway turns\ndown the Columbia, following one of the river benches through gigantic trees for\ntwenty miles to Donald, where a number of our fellow-passengers leave us. Some\nof them are miners or prospectors bound for the silver mines in the vicinity, or the\ngold \" diggin's \" farther down the river; others are ambitious sportsmen, who are\nseeking mountain goat, or caribou, or mountain sheep\u00E2\u0080\u0094the famous \"big horn.\"\nThey will not fail to run across a bear now and then, black or cinnamon and perchance\na grizzly.\nCrossing the Columbia, and following it down through a great cafion, through\ntunnels and deep rock-cuttings, we shortly enter the Beaver Valley and commence\nthe ascent of the Selkirks, and then for twenty miles we climb along the mountain sides, through dense forests of enormous trees, until, near the summit, we\nfind ourselves in the midst of a wonderful group of peaks of fantastic shapes and\nmany colors. At the summit itself, four thousand five hundred feet above tidewater, is' a natural resting-place\u00E2\u0080\u0094a broad level area surrounded by mountain mon-\narchs, all of them in the deadly embrace of glaciers. Strange, under this warm\nsummer's sky, to see this battle going on between rocks and ice\u00E2\u0080\u0094a battle begun\nsons ago and to continue for 320ns to come ! To the north and so near us that\nwe imagine that we hear the crackling of the ice, is a great glacier whose clear\ngreen fissures we can plainly see. To the south is another, vastly larger, by the\nside of which the greatest of those of the Alps would be insignificant. Smaller\nglaciers find lodgment on all the mountain benches and slopes, whence innumerable sparkling cascades of ice water come leaping down. 34\nTHE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY THE NEW HIGHWAY TO THE ORIENT\n35\n> >\no o\n2 >\no z\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0^Kr*tV\"\"4iVh\n,___-_g\u00C2\u00A3ig\nmm \u00E2\u0096\u00A0;; *be i\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0H\na.-..\n__\u00E2\u0096\u00A0_\nMi-,-\n___:\n4W;.\nIf*\nii\n___HK#4li\n\" \u00E2\u0096\u00A0 Jf wff\n'ySwm\n1 36 THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY\nDescending westerly from the summit we reach in a few minutes the Glacier\nHouse, a delightful hotel situated almost in the face of the Great Glacier and at\nthe foot of the grandest of all peaks of the Selkirks\u00E2\u0080\u0094Sir Donald\u00E2\u0080\u0094an acute\npyramid of naked rock shooting up nearly eight thousand feet above us. In the\ndark valley far below we see the glacier-fed Illicilliwaet glistening through the tree-\ntops, and beyond and everywhere the mountains rise in majesty and immensity\nbeyond all comparison. To reach the deep valley below, the engineers wound the\nrailway in a series of great curves or loops all about the mountain slopes, and as\nwe move on, this marvellous scene is presented to us in every aspect. We plunge\nagain for hours through precipitous gorges, deep and dark, and again cross the\nColumbia River, which has made a great detour around the Selkirk Mountains,\nwhile we have came directly through them. The river is wider and deeper here\nand navigated by steamboats southward for nearly two hundred miles.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2On its east bank stands Revelstoke, a supply point for the mining district\nup and down the river, and here, perched on a mountain bench overlooking the\nriver, is a fine hotel. From here the Kootenay country can also be reached. A\nbranch line will take us down to Arrowhead at the head of the Upper Arrow\nLake, and from thence elegantly appointed and speedy steamers through the long\nand beautiful stretch of the Upper Lake, to all points in this famed region\u00E2\u0080\u0094to the\nSlocan, to Kootenay Lake, to Nelson, Trail and Rossland, and into the Boundary\ncountry, this being the easiest way to this section from the Pacific Coast.\nBut, if we continue on our journey to the Pacific, we are at once confronted by\nthe Gold Range, another grand snow-clad series of mountains, but broken directly\nacross, and offering no obstacle to the railway. The deep and narrow pass through\nthis range takes us for forty miles or more between parallel lines of almost vertical\ncliffs, into the faces of which the line is frequently crowded by deep black lakes ;\nand all the way the bottom of the valley is thickly set with trees of many varieties\nand astonishing size, exceeding even those of the Columbia.\nA sudden flash of light indicates that we have emerged from the pass, and we\nsee stretching away before us the Shuswap Lakes, whose crystal waters are hemmed\nand broken in every way by abruptly rising mountains. And here again we may\nturn aside and visit the Okanagan Lake, two hours distant by a branch line of\nrailway\u00E2\u0080\u0094another mountain-hemmed lake extending many miles to the south, bordering\non which is the greatest game country of the continent. There are caribou and\nbear, mountain sheep and mountain goat and deer and smaller game in plenty, and\nthe waters are filled with fish.\nGoing on again, and after playing hide-and-seek with these lovely lakes for an hour\nor two, the valley of the South\" Thompson River is reached\u00E2\u0080\u0094a wide, almost treeless\nvalley, already occupied from end to end by farms and cattle ranches; and here for\nthe first time irrigating ditches appear. Flocks and herds are grazing everywhere,\nand the ever-present mountains look down upon us more kindly than has been\ntheir wont. ... . THE NEW HIGHWAY TO THE ORIENT\n37 38\nTHE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY\nThen comes Kamloops, the principal town in the interior of British Columbia,\nin whose dry, salubrious climate those of weak lungs derive especial benefit, and\njust beyond we follow for an hour the shore of Kamloops Lake, shooting through\ntunnel after tunnel, and then the valley shuts in and the scarred and rugged\nmountains frown upon us again, and for\nhours we wind along their sides, looking\ndown upon a tumbling river, its waters\nsometimes almost within our reach and\nsometimes lost below. We suddenly cross\nthe deep black gorge of the Fraser River\nROSS PEAK GLACIER.\nCANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY. THE NEW HIGHWAY TO THE ORIENT\n39\nM\nr*\nE\n3\no\nG\nZ\neft**-..\nIf k\nm\n;V;$C$ 40 THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY\non a massive bridge of steel, seemingly constructed in mid-air, plunge through a\ntunnel, and enter the famous canon of the Fraser.\nThe view here changes from the grand to the terrible. Through this gorge, so\ndeep and narrow in many places that the rays of the sun hardly enter it, the black\nand ferocious waters of the great river force their way. We are in the heart of the\nCascade Range, and above the walls of the canon we occasionally see the mountain\npeaks gleaming against the sky. Hundreds of feet above the river is the railway,\nnotched into the face of the cliffs, now. and then crossing the great chasm by a\ntall viaduct or disappearing in a tunnel through a projecting spur of rock, but so\nwell made, and so thoroughly protected everywhere, that we feel no sense of danger.\nFor hours we are deafened by the roar of waters below, and we pray for the broad\nsunshine once more. The scene is fascinating in its terror, and we finally leave it\ngladly, yet regretfully.\nAt Yale the canon ends and the river widens out, but we have mountains yet\nin plenty, at times receding and then drawing near again. We see Chinamen\nwashing gold on the sand-bars and Indians herding cattle in the meadows; and\nthe villages of the Indians, each with its little unpainted houses and miniature\nchapel, alternate rapidly with the collection of huts where the Chinamen congregate.\nSalmon drying on poles near the river give brilliant touches of color to the\nlandscape, and here and there we see the curious graveyards of the Indians, neatly\nenclosed and decorated with banners, streamers and all manner of carved \" totems.\"'\nA gleaming white cone rises toward the southeast. It is Mount Baker, sixty miles\naway and fourteen thousand feet above us. We cross large rivers flowing into the Fraser,\nall moving slowly here as if resting after their tumultuous passage down between the\nmountain ranges. As the valley widens out farms and orchards become more and more\nfrequent, and our hearts are gladdened with the sight of broom and other shrubs and\nplants familiar to English eyes, for as we approach the coast we find a climate like that of\nthe South of England, but with more sunshine. Touching the Fraser River now and\nthen, we see an occasional steamboat, and here in the lower part the water is dotted\nwith Indian canoes, all engaged in catching salmon which visit these rivers in astonishing numbers, and which when caught are frozen and sent eastward by the railway\nor canned in great quantities and shipped to all parts of the world.\nAt Mission a branch line turns off to the south, crossing the Fraser River\nimmediately and connecting at the international boundary with railways extending\nalong Puget Sound to Seattle, Tacoma, Portland and San Francisco, and all the way\nto the Gulf of California, passing in turn those glorious isolated mountain peaks that\nstud the Pacific Coast\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Baker, Tacoma, Hood and Shasta.\nPassing through a forest of mammoth trees, some of them twelve feet or more\nin diameter, and nearly three hundred feet high, we find ourselves on the tide-waters\nof the Pacific at the eastern extremity of Burrard Inlet. Following down the shore of\nthis mountain-girt inlet for half an hour, our train rolls into the handsome new station\nat Vancouver, the western terminus of the Canadian Pacific Railway. THE NEW HIGHWAY TO THE ORIENT\n41\nsUPM\nilg_I__@i\u00C2\u00A3^r@P9f^__f__sg-l\nzmMmmm.\nMr\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0__#\u00E2\u0096\u00A0.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0M ill*\n,tT* ]', ::l|^Bs\n! _1\nm\nii\nis\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0:'..'\"\ntjm\nWimfiim\nj\n^Sa 42 THE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY\nWe soon find comfortable quarters in a fine hotel, equal to any we have seen in\nthe East, and its situation on high ground affords us a most interesting and charming view of the new city and the surrounding country. Far away at the south-east\nMount Baker looms up all white and serene. At the north, and rising directly\nfrom the sea, is a beautiful group of the Cascade Mountains, bathed in a violet light\nand vividly reflected in the glassy waters of the inlet. Looking towards the west,\nout over English Bay and the Straits of Georgia, we see the dark-blue mountains\nof Vancouver Island, and at the south-west, beyond the broad delta of the Fraser\nRiver, is the Olympia range\u00E2\u0080\u0094a long line of opalescent peaks fading into the\ndistance. At our feet is a \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 busy scene. The city is new indeed; only one or two\nof its many buildings were here a dozen years ago \u00E2\u0080\u0094a forest stood here then. The\nmen who built the town could not wait for bricks and mortar, and all the earlier\nhouses were built of wood; but fire swept all of these away, and solid, handsome\nstructures of brick and granite took their place. Down at the water's edge are\nlong wharves where steamships from China and Japan, Australia, New Zealand,\nHawaiian Islands, from California, Puget Sound and Alaska are discharging or\ntaking in cargoes; and at the warehouses along the wharves are lines of railway\ncars loading for the Atlantic sea-board with teas, sugar, silk, seal-skins, fish, fruit\nand many other commodities. Here and there all around the inlet are great sawmills where steamships and sailing vessels are taking in timber and deals for China\nand Australia, South America, and even for England. The great white steamship\nthat catches the eye first among all the shipping in the harbor is the \" Empress of India,\"\none of the three swift and magnificent twin-screw steamships that have been placed on\nthe route between Vancouver and Japan and China, by the Canadian Pacific Railway\nCompany, the like of which has never been seen in Pacific waters\u00E2\u0080\u0094great steel steamships like the best of the Atlantic liners, but more perfect and luxurious in their appointments. Think of it. We are within ten days of Yokohama\u00E2\u0080\u0094of wonderful Japan! Near\nby is another fine steamship of the first-class; one of the new line to Honolulu\n(Hawaii), and Brisbane and Sydney, Australia. A few miles away is New Westminster,\non the Fraser, one of the old towns of British Columbia, and the columns of smoke\nrising in that direction tell us of its extensive salmon canneries and saw-mills. There,\ntoo, ships are loading for all parts of the world. And over against Vancouver Island\nare other columns of smoke, indicating the great coal mines from which nearly all of\nthe steamships of the Pacific are supplied.\nNorthward for twelve hundred miles through the Gulf of Georgia and the wonderful\nfiords of Alaska, where the mountains are embraced in a thousand arms of the sea,\nply numerous steamers, crowded with tourists and with not a few gold-seekers bound\nfor the great Klondike mining regions in Canada's far Northwest. Southwestward\nthe Straits of Fuca lead out past the entrance to Puget Sound and past the city\nof Victoria, to the open Pacific. All these waters, from Puget Sound to Alaska,\nhardly known a few years ago, are now dotted with all kinds of craft from the\nlargest to the smallest, engaged in all manner of trade. THE NEW HIGHWAY TO THE ORIENT\n43\nNo wonder that, with all her magnificent resources in precious metals, her coal\nand iron, her inexhaustible fisheries and vast forests, her delightful climate and rich\nvalleys, her matchless harbors and her newly completed transcontinental railway,\nBritish Columbia expects a brilliant future ; and no wonder that everybody here is\nat work with all his might !\nI ask your pardon, patient reader, for my persistence in showing you all sorts\nof things as we came along, whether you wished to see them or not. My anxiety\nthat you should miss nothing you might wish to see is my only excuse. You\nhave been bored nearly to death, no doubt, and I have noticed signs of impatience\nwhich lead me to suspect your desire for freedom to go and see as you like, and as\nyou have found that no guide is necessary, I will, with your permission, leave you\nhere ; but before releasing your hand, let me advise you not to fail, now that you\nare so near, to visit Victoria, the beautiful capital of British Columbia. A steamer\nCANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY S HOTEL, VANCOUVER.\nwill take you there in a few hours, and you will be rewarded in finding a transplanted\nsection of Old England, climate, people and all ; and more vigorous perhaps because\nof the transplanting. The city stands on the southern extremity of Vancouver\nIsland, overlooking the Straits of Fuca and the entrance to Puget Sound. The\nwealth of the Province is chiefly centred here, and the great warehouses and busy\nwharves testify to the extensive trade of the city, and the tasteful and in many casts\nsplendid residences testify to a more than colonial refinement.\nNear Victoria you will find Esquimalt, Britain's North Pacific naval station,\nand an iron-clad or two, and perchance some old friends from home ; and let me\nadvise you, furthermore, to take all of your luggage with you to Victoria, for I\nam sure you will be in no hurry to come away. 44\nTHE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY\nCanadian Pacific Railway Go's Twin-Screw Steamships\nROYAL MAIL ROUTE TO\nJAPAN and CHINA\nSTEAMSHIPS\nEmpress of India, Empress of Japan, Empress of China.\nThey are alike in every detail, ;_85 ft. Ion*, 51 ft. beam, 86 feet depth and 6,000 tons register, twin Berews\ntriple expansion engines, 10,000 horse'power, speed 19 knots. They run between VANCOUVER and VICTORIA,\nB.C., and YOKOHAMA, KOBE, NAGASAKI, SHANGHAI and HONG KONG.\nOf these magnificent vessels, constructed under supervision of the English Admiralty, with numerous watertight compartments, insuring perfect safety, and equipped with all the most improved appliances devised by\nmodern marine engineering for obtaining speed, comfort and luxury, one will sail from Vancouver, B.C., subject\nto unavoidable changes, ONCE IN EVERY THREE OB FOUR \"WEEKS.\nThese vessels are in every respect superior to any other ships that have as yet sailed the Pacific Ocean.\nTheir route is 300 miles shorter_than that of any other trans-Pacific Line.\nCANADIAN-AUSTRALIAN STEAMSHIP LINE\nR.M.S. \"miowera,\" \"warrimoo,\" \"aorangi.\"\nSailings between VANCOUVER, B.C., VICTORIA, B.C., and HONOLULU, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS, BRISBANE QUEENSLAND and SYDNEY, NEW SOUTH WALES, every four weeks.\nPassengers booked PROM LONDON or LIVERPOOL, NEW YORK, BOSTON, MONTREAL, TORONTO, or any\nof the principal cities of CANADA and the UNITED STATES.\n_ n/N, .m.p. -t-i_i __\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 \iiAn I r% booking in connection with the P. & O. and fast\nAROUINU I ML W UnLU trans-Atlantic lines a specialty.\nFor freight or passage, handbooks of information, Around the World Folder, or a copy of \"Westward to the\nFar East \" or \"East to the West,\" Guide-books to the Principal Cities of Japan and China, apply to\nR J. COLVIN, District Passenger Agent 197 Washington Street, BoBton\nE. V. SKINNER, General Eastern Agent 353 Broadway, N.Y.\nJ. F. LEE, General Agent, Passenger Department 228 South Clark Street, Chicago\nM. M. STERN, District Passenger Agent Palace Hotel Building, San Francisco\nWM. STITT, Assistant General Passenger Agent Winnipeg\nA. H. NOTMAN, Asst. General Passenger Agent 1 King Street East, Toronto\ne! J. COYLE, Assistant General Passenger Agent Vancouver\nW. R. CALLAWAY, General Passenger Agent, \"Soo Line\" Minneapolis, Minn.\nW. R. THORN, Assistant General Passenger Agent \"Soo Line \" St. Paul, Minn.\nG. W. HIBBARD, General Passenger Agent \"South Shore\" Line Marquette, Mich.\nW. T. PAYNE, General Traffic Agent for Japan Yokohama, Japan\nC. E. MePHERSON, General Passenger Agent, Lines West of Lake Superior Winnipeg\nC. E. E. USSHER, General Passenger Agent, Lines East of Lake Superior - Montreal\nD. E. BROWN, ARCHER BAKER, European Traffic Manager,\nGeneral Agent China and Japan, India, etc. 67 & 68 King William St., E.C., London.\nHong Kong, Shanghai and Yokohama. 30 Cockspur St., S.W., London.\n9 James St., Liverpool. 67 St. Vincent St., Glasgow.\nG. M. BOSWORTH, Freight Traffic Manager, Montreal.\nROBT. KERR, Passenger Traffic Manager, Montreal. THE NEW HIGHWAY TO THE ORIENT\n45\nCANADIAN PACIFIC HOTELS\nWhile the perfect sleeping and dining car service of the Canadian Pacific Railway\nprovides every comfort and luxury for travellers making the continuous overland\nthrough trip, it has been found necessary to provide places at the principal points of\ninterest among the mountains where tourists and others might explore and enjoy the\nmagnificent scenery.\nThe Company have erected at convenient points hotels, which, by their special\nexcellence, add another to the many elements of superiority for which the Railway is\nfamous.\nTHE CHATEAU FRONTENAC,\nat Quebec, the quaintest and historically the most interesting city in\nAmerica is one of the finest hotels on the continent. It is fireproof,\nand occupies a commanding position overlooking the St. Lawrence,\nits site being, perhaps, the grandest in the world. The Chateau\nFrontenac was erected in 1893, at a cost of over a million of dollars,\nand is now being enlarged to meet the increasing demands of travel.\nGreat taste marks the furnishing, fitting and decorating of this imposing structure, in which comfort and elegance are combined to an\nunequalled extent- Kates, three dollars and fifty cents per day and\nupwards, with special arrangements for large parties and those making prolonged visits.\nFor view of Chateau Frontenac, see page 8.\nTHE PLACE VIGER,\nat Montreal is a handsome new structure in which are combined a\nlintel and station. The building which faces Place Viger is most elaborately furnished and niodernlv appointed, the general stvle and elegance\ncharacterizing the Chateau Froittenai*, at Quebec, being followed.\nThe Place Viger is operated on the European plan: rooms si.00\nper day and upwards ; large double rooms $2.00, and with baths 82.00\nTHE KAMINISTIQUIA,\nat Fort William, the western terminus of the Lake Route and of the\nEastern Division of the C. P. R., is an excellent, well-appointed hotel\nin every respect, which offers many unique attractions as a vacation\nhome for those in pursuit of rest and recreation in the picturesque\nregion at the head of Lake Superior.\nThe hotel rates are from.two dollars and fifty cents per day and\nupwards, with special rates to large parties or those making an\nextended visit.\nMOOSE JAW HOTEL,\na new hotel erected at Moose Jaw, in the Canadian North-West at the\njunction of the Soo-Pacific road vvith the main line of the C.P.R. The\nhotel is modern'y appointed and elegantly furnished.\nRates, $2.50'per day, with reductions to those remaining a week\nor longer.\nBANFF SPRINGS HOTEL,\nat Banff, in the Canadian National Park, on the Eastern slope of the\nRocky Mountains, is placed on a high mountain promontory 4,500 feet\nabove the sea level, at the confluence of the Bow and Spray rivers,\nand is a large and handsome structure,-with every convenience that\nmodern ingenuity can suggest, and costing over a quarter of a million\nof dollars. While it is not intended to be a sanitarium, in the usual\nsense, the needs and comforts of invalids are fully provided for.\nThe Hot Sulphur Springs, with which the region abounds, vary in\ntemperature from 80 to 121 degrees, and bathing facilities are provided by the hotel. The springs are much like those of Arkansas, and\nthe apparently greater curative properties of the water are no doubt\ndue to the cool, dry air of the mountains.\nA number of sub-ranges of the Rocky Mountains radiate from\nBanff, and a dozen mountain monarchs within view raise their heads\na mile or more above the hotel. '\nGame is plentiful, and Devil's Head Lake, not far away, a mile or\ntwo in width and fifteen miles long, affords excellent sport in deep\ntrolling for trout.\nSwiss Guides are stationed here and at the Lake Louise Chalet\nand Great Glacier House to accompany tourists to points of attraction.\nThe hotel rates are from three dollars per day and upwards,\naccording to the rooms. Special rates by the week or month.\nTHE LAKE LOUISE CHALET,\nThis quiet resting place in the mountains is situated on the margin of Lake Louise, about two miles distant from the station at Laggan, from which there is a good carriage drive, and is an excellent\nvantage point for tourists and explorers desiring to see the lakes and\nthe adjacent scenery at their leisure.\nThe rates are $2.50 per dav. Apply to \"Manager, Banff Springs\nHotel, Banff, Alberta, N.W.T., Canada.\"\nMOUNT STEPHEN HOUSE\nis a pretty chalet-like hotel, fifty miles west of Banff, in Kicking\nHorse Canon, at the base of Mount Stephen\u00E2\u0080\u0094the chief peak of the\nRockies, towering 8,000 feet above. This is a favorite place for tourists, mountain climbers and artists, and sport is plentiful, Emerald\nLake, one of the most picturesque mountain waters, being within\neasy distance.\nThe rates are three dollars per day for accommodation, with\nspecial arrangements for parties stopping a week or longer.\nGLACIER HOUSE\nis situated in the heart of the Selkirks, within twenty minutes' walk\nof the Great Glacier, which covers an area of about thirty-eight\nsquare miles.\nThe hotel, which has recently been enlarged twice, to accommodate the ever-increasing travel, is in a beautiful amphitheatre surrounded by lofty mountains, of which Sir Donald, rising 8,000 feet\nabove the railway, is the most prominent. The dense forests all\nabout are filled with the music of restless brooks, which will irresistibly attract the trout fisherman, and the hunter for large game can have\nhis choice of \"big horns, mountain goats, grizzly and mountain\nbears.\" The main point of interest, however, is the Great Glacier.\nOne may safely climb upon its wrinkled surface, or penetrate its\nwater-worn caves. It is about 500 feet thick at its forefoot, and is\nsaid to exceed in area all the glaciers of Switzerland combined.\nThe rates are three dollars per day, with special arrangements\nfor parties stopping a week or longer.\nHOTEL REVELSTOKE,\nat Revelstoke, B.C., in the basin of the Columbia between the Selkirk\nand the Gold ranges, and a gateway to the West Kootenay mining\nregion. The hotel, which jilthough only built in the summer of 181)7, has\nalready been enlarged, is perched on a mountain bench directly above\ntho railway station, and is surrounded on all sides by majestic mountains. Immediately opposite The hotel, and fifteen miles away, lies the\nBegbie Glacier, one of the grandest in British Columbia, amongst the\nhighest peaks. The hotel is replete with every modern convenience\nand comfort, electric light, hot and cold baths, and is heated by\nsteam. It is a favorite resort for tourists and travellers to and from\nthe Kootenay.\nThe rates are three dollars per day, with special arrangements\nfor parties stopping a week or longer.\nHOTEL SICAMOUS,\nat Sicamous, B.C., a fine new structure, built on the shores of the\nShuswap Lakes where the Okanagan branch of the C.P.K. leids south\nto the Okanagan Valley and the contiguous mining country. The\nhotel is handsomely furnished and has all modern appointments anil\nconveniences.\nRates $3.00 per day and upwards, with reductions to those stopping a week or longer.\nTHE FRASER CANON HOUSE,\nat North Bend, 130 miles east of Vancouver, is situated on the Fraser\nRiver, and is managed with the same attention to the comfort of its\npatrons that pervades all branches of the Company's service. The\nscenery along the Fraser River is well described as \"ferocious,\" and\nthe hotel is a comfortable base from which to explore.\nRates, three dollars per day, with special arrangements for persons\nstopping a week or longer.\nHOTEL VANCOUVER,\nat Vancouver, B.C., is the Pacific Coast terminus of the Railway.\nThis magnificent hotel is designed to accommodate the large commercial business of the place, as well as the great number of tourists\nwho always find it profitable and interesting to make here a stop of a\nday or two. It is situated near the centre of the city, and from it\nthere is a glorious outlook in every direction. Its accommodations\nand service are perfect in every detail, and excel that of the best\nhotels in Eastern Canada or the United States.\nRates, three dollars per day and upwards, with special terms for\na longer time.\nEnquiries as to accommodation, rates, etc., at any of the Canadian Pacific Hotels\nwill be promptly answered, by addressing Managers of the different hotels, or communicating direct to\nJ. A. SHEFFIELD,\nSupt. and Manager Company's Hotels, MONTREAL. 46\nCANADIAN PACIFIC HOTELS CANADIAN PACIFIC HOTELS\n47 48\nTHE CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY\nThe Canadian Pacific Railway\nTHE WORLD'S HIGHWAY FROM THE ATLANTIC TO THE PACIFIC\nThe Most Solidly Constructed and the Best Equipped Transcontinental Route\nSPECIAL ATTENTION IS CALXED to the PABIOE, SLEEPING and DINING CAR SERVICE-\nlargely added to recently\u00E2\u0080\u0094so particular an accessory upon a railway whose cars run\nupwards of THREE THOUSAND MIXES WITHOUT CHANGE\nTHUSE cars are ol unusual strength and size, with berths, smoking and toilet accommodations correspondingly roomy. The transcontinental sleeping cars are fitted with double doors and windows to\nexclude the dust in summer and the cold in winjter.\nThe seats are richly upholstered, with high backs and arms, and the central sections in many of the\ncars are made into luxurious sofas during the day.\nThe upper berths are provided with windows and ventilators, and have curtains separate from those of\nberths beneath. The exteriors. are of polished red mahogany and the interiors are of white mahogany and\nsatinwood elaborately carved; while all useful and decorative pieces of metal work are of old brass of\nantique design. ,\nStateroom cars are run in connection with Canadian Pacific Transpacific Steamships.\nNo expense is spared in providing the DINING CARS with the choicest viands and seasonable delicacies,\nand the bill of fare and wine list will compare favorably with I hose of the most prominent hotels.\nOBSERVATION CARS, specially\ndesigned to allow an unbroken\nview of the wonderful mountain\nscenery, are run on all transcontinental trains during the Summer\nSeason (from about May 1st to\nOctober 15th).\nTHE FIRST-CLASS DAY\n* COACHES are proportionately elaborate in their arrangement for the\ncomfort of the passenger; and for\nthose who desire to travel at a\ncheaper rate, TOURIST CARS, with\nbedding and porter in charge, are run\non stated days at a small additional\ncharge; and COLONIST SLEEPING\nCARS are run on all overland trains\nwithout additional charge. These\ncolonist cars are fitted with upper\nand lower berths after the same\ngeneral style as other sleeping cars,\nbut are not upholstered, and the\npassenger may furnish his own bedding, or purchase it of the Company's\nagents at terminal stations at nominal rates.\nThe entire passenger equipment\nis MATCHLESS in elegance and\ncomfort.\nFirst Class Sleeping and Parlor v^.\nCar Tariff\nFOR ONE DOUBLE BEBTH, LOWEB\nOR UPPER IN SLEEPING\nCAR BETWEEN\nTourist\nOar\nTariff\nHalifax ana Montreal $4.00 ....\nSt. John, N.B., andMontreal 2.50 \t\nQuebec and Montreal 1.50 ....\nMontreal and Toronto 2.00 ....\nMontreal and Chicago \" 5.00 ....\nMontreal and Winnipeg .... 8.00\nMontreal and Calgary 13.00\nMontreal and Revelstoke... 15.50\nMontreal and Vancouver ... 18.00\nOttawa and Toronto 2.00\nOttawa and Vancouver 17.50\nFort William and Vancouver 15.00\nToronto and Chicago 3.00\nToronto and Winnipeg 8.00\nToronto and Calgary 12.00\nToronto and Bevelstoke .... 14.50\nToronto and Vancouver .... 17.00\nBoston and Montreal 2.CO\nBoston to Vancouver 19.00\nNew York and Montreal 2.00\nBoston and St. Paul 7.00\nBoston and Chicago 5.50\nMontreal and St. Paul 6.00\nSt. Paul and Winnipeg 3.00\nSt. Paul and Vancouver 12.00\nWinnipeg and Vancouver .. 12.00\nBetween other stations rates are\nin proportion.\n4.00\n7.00\n1.00\n8.00\n4.00\n6.00\n6.50\n7.50\n5.00\n6.00\nSTATE-ROOM IN FIRST-CLASS SLEEPING CAR.\nRates for full section double the berth rate. Staterooms between three or four times the berth rate.\nAccommodation in First-clasg Sleeping Cars and in Parlor Cars will be sold only to holders of First-class\ntransportation, and in Tourist Cars to holders of First or Second-class accommodation. The\nCanadian\nPacific\nf\nThe\nNew Highway\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\nto the\n.\"\"\\nOrient\nAcross tne\nMountains\nPrairies and Rivers\ni\nof Canada"@en . "Advertisements"@en . "Pamphlets"@en . "Canada"@en . "CC_TX_195_015_001"@en . "10.14288/1.0226245"@en . "English"@en . "Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library"@en . "Box 195"@en . "Images provided for research and reference use only. Permission to publish, copy or otherwise use these images must be obtained from Rare Books and Special Collections: http://rbsc.library.ubc.ca/"@en . "Original Format: University of British Columbia. Library. Rare Books and Special Collections. The Chung Collection. CC-TX-195-15-1"@en . "The Canadian Pacific : the new highway to the Orient across the mountains, prairies and rivers of Canada"@en . "Text"@en .