"185b0e2a-2a9b-4cb7-b7bd-aec96eb66c3d"@en . "CONTENTdm"@en . "DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION"@en . "http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1198198"@en . "Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia"@en . "British Columbia. Legislative Assembly"@en . "2018-12-06"@en . "1972"@en . "https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/bcsessional/items/1.0375906/source.json"@en . "application/pdf"@en . " PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA\nDEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION\nHon. W. K. Kiernan, Minister Lloyd Brooks, Acting Deputy Minister\nREPORT OF THE\nDepartment of Recreation\nand Conservation\ncontaining the reports of the\nGENERAL ADMINISTRATION, FISH AND WILDLIFE BRANCH,\nPROVINCIAL PARKS BRANCH, BRITISH COLUMBIA\nPROVINCIAL MUSEUM, AND COMMERCIAL\nFISHERIES BRANCH\nYear Ended December 31\n1971\nPrinted by K. M. MacDonald, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty\nin right of the Province of British Columbia.\n1972\n Victoria, British Columbia, June 30, 1972\nTo Colonel the Honourable John R. Nicholson, P.C., O.B.E., Q.C., LL.D.,\nLieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia.\nMay it please Your Honour:\nHerewith I beg respectfully to submit the Annual Report of the Department of\nRecreation and Conservation for the year ended December 31, 1971.\nW. K. KIERNAN\nMinister of Recreation and Conservation\n Victoria, British Columbia, June 29, 1972\nThe Honourable W. K. Kiernan,\nMinister of Recreation and Conservation.\nSir: I have the honour to submit the Annual Report of the Department of\nRecreation and Conservation for the year ended December 31, 1971.\nLLOYD BROOKS\nActing Deputy Minister of Recreation and Conservation\n Page\nCONTENTS\nIntroduction by the Acting Deputy Minister of Recreation and Conservation\nGeneral Administration 9\nFish and Wildlife Branch , 15\nProvincial Parks Branch 63\nBritish Columbia Provincial Museum . 97\nCommercial Fisheries Branch 125\n Report of the\nDepartment of Recreation and Conservation, 1971\nLloyd Brooks, Acting Deputy Minister and Commissioner of Fisheries\nINTRODUCTION\nThe increased emphasis on an integrated approach to resources management\nthroughout the Province, and the general concern over environmental quality by\ncitizens, by industry, and by related resource agencies, Federal and Provincial, has\nadded a new and demanding dimension to the work of this Department. The increased tempo is reflected in all branches, but the brunt of the action has been borne\nby the Fish and Wildlife Branch through increased involvement with Environment\nand Land Use Committee task forces, through a stepped-up interdepartmental\nresources referral system and through requests from the public in general.\nThe regional offices bore much of this load as their specialists were increasingly\nsought, both by industry and by government, for committee work and for special\nreports aimed at maximizing fish and wildlife in the face of increasing demands\non our natural resources. The co-operation of industry has been encouraging, with\nbut few exceptions, and the close working association developing with Federal and\nProvincial resource agencies has been most gratifying. However, there is concern\nover the limited capacity of the Branch to meet the new challenges. Evidence is\nclear that we must increase our capability, particularly in the area of inventory of\nfish and wildlife and of their habitat requirements. This is the key to effective\nresponse to the demands for more and more information on the best means of\nmanaging the increasingly appreciated but more threatened fish and wildlife values\nof this Province.\nHistoric Parks continued their increasing popularity, reflecting the concern and\nfascination of our citizens for the early beginnings of this Province. The highlight\nevent in this Centennial Year was the visit of the Queen and Prince Philip to Fort\nSteele Historic Park.\nThe programme of acquisition of key park potentials continued with the two\nmajor additions being the prime shoreline of Mabel Lake in the Okanagan and\nBrandywine Falls near Squamish. Under agreement with the Federal Government,\nshared-cost acquisitions of private lands in Phase I of the West Coast National Park\ncontinued satisfactorily.\nThe Provincial Museum's activities were highlighted by the acquisition of\nseveral important collections, and by the largest archa_ological programme ever\ncarried out in this Province. This was concentrated mainly within Provincial park\nlands and was made possible by the Accelerated Park Development Fund.\nPhase I, the historical section of Project 70, neared completion, and is expected\nto be open to the public by July 1972. Project 70 is a four-phase major exhibit\nplan which will eventually occupy two full floors of the museum. It is aimed at\nincreasing the public's understanding of our environment and our heritage. Very\nhigh standards of display and interpretation are being aimed for, resulting in exhibits\nof outstanding quality. Although support funding has been forthcoming from a\nnumber of commercial firms this, along with the annual appropriation, has not\n DD 8 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nbeen sufficient to stay on schedule, hence our one million annual visitors are on\noccasion suffering a certain loss of quality of experience through overcrowding.\nThe education programme of the museum made significant progress as evidenced by the participation of some 20,000 students. Their interest was enhanced\nby the effective use of drama. There was also an important emphasis on the involvement of Indian peoples as teachers and guides in museum programmes.\nThis year also saw a rapid emergence of many local museums throughout\nBritish Columbia under the impetus of Centennial programmes, but receiving much\ntechnical assistance and general guidance from the museum's extension service.\nCommercial Fisheries Branch activities focus mainly on the improvement of\nseveral aspects of the shellfish industry. A new licensing system was introduced for\noyster growers and, in co-operation with Federal Government, further cost and\nefficiency analysis was made of the oyster depuration plant at Ladysmith.\nA number of cost-shared projects were carried out with Federal Government\nhaving their objective of expanding or updating various aspects of the fisheries industry. These included mechanical harvesting of razor clams, development of raft\nculture for oysters, and aquatic plant studies.\nThere was important involvement as part of a Federal-industry team in negotiation with the United States on an equitable balancing of the salmon harvest between\nthe two countries. These are continuing and could have a profound effect on the\nfuture salmon industry.\nOur Departmental information and education services played a vital role in\nresponding to increasing public awareness on environmental matters, particularly\nas related to the specific responsibilities of the Department.\nThe Departmental magazine, Wildlife Review, continues to elicit a popular\nresponse, but is currently reviewing its role in relation to the broad scope of this\nDepartment relative to environmental matters.\nH. G. McWBLLIAMS\nMr. McWilliams retired as Deputy Minister of the Department on June 30,\n1971, after 36 years of varied service with the Provincial Government. His many\nfriends and associates wish him a long and happy retirement.\n General nomimstration\nof Recreation and conservation\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 11\nGENERAL ADMINISTRATION\nGeneral Administration consists of the Deputy Minister's Office, the attached\nPublic Information Officer, and the Accounts and Personnel Office.\nThe staff of General Administration work closely with all branches, and the\nDepartment of Travel Industry, in such Departmental matters as putting policy\ninto effect, office and work facilities, personnel and finance. General Administration\nis also responsible for the processing and handling of all subscriptions to Wildlife\nReview.\nThe General Administration office assumes more work every year as the responsibilities\nof the Department of Recreation and Conservation become greater.\nThe Personnel Section of General Administration processed 107 requisitions\nto the Civil Service Commission for the purpose of obtaining new and replacement\npositions for all Branches of the Department.\nThis section also processed 106 Civil Service Commission requisitions for the\nDepartment of Travel Industry.\nTwo employees in this Department completed the one-year Basic Public Administration Course and two others were selected for the 1971/72 course. Four\nemployees in the Department received 25-year continuous-service awards.\nThe Prime Minister's Award for Safety Achievement was awarded to this\nDepartment for decreasing its accident-frequency rate.\nRegular meetings are held with employees of the Parks Branch and the Fish\nand Wildlife Branch for the purpose of reviewing personnel accidents and seeking\nmethods of improving safety.\nEXECUTIVE ASSISTANT TO THE MINISTER\nIn August the Department entered a new field: That of improving or conserving\nthe environment through the removal of abandoned and derelict motor-vehicles and\nother scrap materials from along our roadsides and from our recreational areas.\n DD 12\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nWhere transportation costs have been low, salvage operators from the private\nsector have done a fair job in removing this type of fitter. In outlying areas the\nhulks remained, as the cost of removal in their present form made transportation\nto market uneconomical. The transportation problem could be reduced by compacting the vehicles to less than one-third of their original volume, allowing more\nvehicles to be carried per load, thereby reducing shipping costs.\nWith this in mind, the Department moved forward with Project SAM, the\nname being derived from the first letter of each of its three objectives: Salvage old\ncar bodies, assemble at suitable collection depots, and manufacture into smelter\nfeed. Two field units were placed in operation. Each consists of a mobile auto-\nbody compactor, two front-end loaders, a highway tractor and trailer, and other\nrelated equipment.\nA staff of nine was recruited from within the Government Service, with A. J.\nHeatherington, formerly the Parks Branch Regional Supervisor at Alouette, transferring to Project S A M as its Supervisor.\nWl\\nDerelict automobiles are compacted with this machine as part of the operations of\nProject SAM. The compacted vehicles are shipped to a shredding plant where the crushed\nscrap is converted into smelter feed.\nIn August the first field unit commenced operating on Vancouver Island and\nthe second field unit joined the programme in Quesnel in mid-October. In the short\nperiod of operation prior to the end of December 2,000 derelict car bodies were\ncompacted at 11 sites in the Regional District of Alberni-Clayoquot and an additional 1,000 were processed in the Courtenay-Comox area. While the first unit\nwas crushing a total of 3,200 vehicles on Vancouver Island, the second unit had\ncompacted in a somewhat shorter period 1,200 vehicles in Quesnel, 150 Mile House,\n100 Mile House, Clinton, Cache Creek, and Brocklehurst.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 13\nThe compacted vehicles will be transported to a shredding plant presently under\nconstruction in Richmond; conversion of the crushed scrap into smelter feed, for\nwhich there is a local market, will commence by August 15, 1972. Prior to the\nintroduction of this programme, the very limited market for unprocessed automotive\nscrap was outside the Province and was subject to the supply and demand of the\noff-shore export market.\nIt is estimated that at the end of the year there were about 100,000 abandoned\nvehicles within the Province, and that additionally about 40,000 vehicles are taken\noff the road each year.\nIt is expected that when fully operative the project will:\n(1) Remove eyesores from our roadsides and recreational areas;\n(2) Conserve natural resources through the recycling process; and\n(3) Provide additional employment (through establishment of the shredder\nplant) in a secondary industry within the Province.\nPUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION\nThe Public Information Officer of the Department of Recreation and Conservation has as his primary duty various writing and editing assignments for Beautiful\nBritish Columbia magazine (Department of Travel Industry). His secondary\nduties are to carry out certain projects and routine duties as determined by the\nMinister.\nDuring 1971 the interests of the general public in environmental matters,\ndemonstrated in demands upon the office for information concerning all aspects of\nthe outdoors, reached an unprecedented volume.\nThe most noteworthy project was the arranging for publicity for the annual\nAnti-Litter Week in May. A sampling of coverage indicated that at least 2,628 column inches of newspaper space were used to reproduce articles and photographs on\nthe campaign which had been written and produced by the Public Information\nOfficer.\nThe Public Information Officer continued to serve as a member and secretary\nof the Beautiful British Columbia magazine executive, the Resource Use Information\nCommittee (a subcommittee of the Environment and Land Use Committee), and the\nWildlife Review advisory board.\nStudies initiated in December 1970, at the request of the Minister to determine\nwhat changes in organization might be necessary to improve public information and\neducation services in the Department were still proceeding.\nWILDLIFE REVIEW\nWildlife Review magazine, published quarterly since October 1954, moved\nfrom sponsorship by the Fish and Wildlife Branch and became a Departmental publication under the Deputy Minister in 1968. This change came about because of the\never-widening involvement of the magazine in the total field of conservation education, and the need for coverage of matters concerning the whole Department.\nA close examination of the magazine's function, and an analysis of its basic\npurposes was undertaken in the fall of 1971. It was felt that the magazine had\ngreater possibilities than had yet been attained; that its past successes could be\nimproved upon, and that ways should be found to introduce this magazine to an\neven wider audience.\n DD 14\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nProposals to change the name to one that more clearly defined the wide scope\nof modern conservation and ecological concern were made. Readers were invited\nto send in their comments and suggestions, both as to content of the magazine and\nfor their thoughts on a new name for the publication.\nAt the end of the year, no new name that seemed suitable as a replacement had\nbeen discovered. In the meantime, reorganization of the operation of the magazine\nis taking place with the aim of making it even more effective than it has been in the\npast.\n Fisnand\nwildlife\nDepartment of Recreation and conservation\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 17\nFISH AND WILDLIFE BRANCH\nJ. Hatter, Director\nThe past year has been another period of intense activity for the Fish and Wildlife Branch. It is evident that as our economy and our population expands the\ndemands on recreational hunting and fishing will continue to increase. At the same\ntime there is no indication that pressures on the fish and wildlife resources of this\nProvince will level off in the near future. Industrial developments, pollution, and\nother effects associated with economic growth continue to be of major concern to\nfish and wildlife managers and now occupy a major proportion of the time and\nexpenditure of the Fish and Wildlife Branch.\nThe public concern for environmental protection which has increased dramatically in the past two years has added to the work load of the Branch. Many of\nthe current environmental problems require the attention and judgment of ecologists\nwho understand how animal life is affected by changes in the environment and, in\nturn, of how fish and wildlife habitat problems reflect on the quality of the environment as a whole. The Fish and Wildlife Branch is one of the few Provincial Government agencies with such expertise. In the past few years professional staff have, of\nnecessity, had to devote an increasing amount of time to advising industry and other\nGovernment agencies, whose policies affect the environment, the ecological consequences of impending decisions or suggested policies. Activities of this sort undertaken in 1971 included:\nThe Study Committee of the Canada-British Columbia Okanagan Basin Agreement, a two-million-dollar enterprise which has as its objective the development of\n\"a comprehensive framework plan for the development and management of water\nresources for the social betterment and economic growth in the Okanagan Basin.\"\nThe Advisory Group to the International Joint Commission, formed to review\nthe ecological consequences of further hydro-electric development on the Skagit\nRiver.\nThe Ecology Committee of the Fraser River Flood Control Programme formed\nto administer a $300,000 review of environmental benefits and disbenefits of proposals for upstream storage on the Fraser River for flood control and power development (System E).\nThe Environmental and Land Use Technical Sub-Committee, a permanent\nProvincial interagency group concerned with developing methods of integrating the\ninterests of diverse resource users.\nThe Fisheries Committee of the British Columbia Energy Board formed to\nreview fisheries problems associated with development of hydro-electric power\nsources in the Province.\nThe Pesticide Committee which reviews on a continuing basis all proposals for\napplication of pesticides in the Province.\nThe Surface Mine Rehabilitation Committee which reviews on a continuing\nbasis all proposals for surface mining in the Province.\nAs well as this partial list of formal headquarters committee functions, there\nexist a multitude of additional liaison and planning arrangements, both permanent\nand ad hoc at all levels of Branch organization.\nIn addition to matters of environmental protection originating out of the new\necological conscience, there is a growing desire for more quality in hunting and\nfishing experience. Fly-fishing-only regulations, restricted big-game seasons, and a\ntrend toward landowner-hunter agreements to limit public access are examples of\nthis and each of these creates new demands for the fisheries and wildlife managers.\n DD 18 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nThe image of the hunter is steadily improving as more extensive training and\nlicensing programmes emphasize the quality of the hunting experience. Even so,\nit is becoming increasingly evident that hunters will not be able to continue to enjoy\nthe freedom they have been accustomed to in the past in respect to hunting over\nprivate agricultural lands. In heavily populated areas the trend is toward a new type\nof landowner-club arrangement that will restrict entry and provide better protection\nto the landowner. Unless private landowners in such areas as the Fraser Valley\nderive benefit from wildlife and hunting on their land, even restricted entry will\nlikely cease to exist. If, for example, upland hunting is to be maintained indefinitely,\nclose to our major population centres, it will likely be through a system based upon\nor a modification of the European method of restricted entry upon a stable land\npattern. Intensive management and propagation of certain species of game birds\nsuch as pheasants, is a further component of this system.\nAll of these processes spell a continuing diversification and commitment on the\npart of the Fish and Wildlife Branch technical staff. But unless our efforts increase\nin proportion to the increased pressures on both fish and wildlife and their habitat,\nit is unlikely that they will survive to provide for future generations the pleasure\nit has afforded many of us in the past.\nIn-service Training\nBritish Columbia Institute of Technology\nA programme of in-service training for field staff was designed by the British\nColumbia Institute of Technology and the Fish and Wildlife Branch in an effort to\nincrease effectiveness and capability in resource-management work. This programme was conducted by the Extension Division of BCIT and involved courses\non statistics, mathematics, ecology, resource measurement, report writing, wildlife\nand fisheries management, and map and photo interpretation. The schedule required\n120 hours attendance at BCIT as well as home-study assignments.\nTwenty-one staff members completed this programme in 1971.\nVancouver Police Training Academy\nIn addition to BCIT, another in-service training programme in basic law enforcement was designed and instituted by the Vancouver Police Academy and the\nFish and Wildlife Branch. This programme was conducted by the Vancouver\nPolice Academy and involved courses on Canadian Court systems, powers of arrest\nand search, preparing case summaries, interrogation, statements and warnings, squad\ndrill, deportment and public relations, law, communications, statutes, giving evidence in Court, admissibility of evidence.\nForty staff members attended in two courses held during 1971.\nDiving\nIn the interests of diving safety, a two-day refresher and certification course\nwas offered for Branch employees who are frequently called upon to dive with\nself-contained underwater breathing apparatus. The course quickly reviewed regular diving theories and techniques, and tested the participants' ability to perform\nunder difficult conditions. Tasks involved ascents without air from 50 feet, diving\nin complete darkness, and diving with malfunctioning equipment.\nEight staff members took the course and five received National Association of\nUnderwater Instructors certification following its completion.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 19\nFISH AND WILDLIFE BRANCH\nEXPENDITURE BY FUNCTION\n1970-71\nTOTAL EXPENDITURE #2,535,320\n* Includes: All field and Headquarters administration, clerical\nand adminstrative support staff and functions such\nas office management, trapper and guide management,\nenforcement administration, operational planning\nand application, and inter-agency referrals, etc.\n DD 20\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\noo .--.\u00C2\u00A9 s~**n r.H Ai/./rO/-*\" /-s\u00C2\u00ABn /-.in/-.o /-vO .\u00E2\u0080\u0094.m ,-v\nooTt*n-(-_o\|v_ooT-\u00C2\u00ABrtvc\"v'^)vlr^oo(noo(n\_3oi~^ o CT. m\n\u00C2\u00BBnO.\u00E2\u0080\u0094i -Qi^Om\n^_ ^_, ^ ^ ^ O rH Tt vj .-. in^tv^osv^oof/^^ j*\nTt oC w O Ci^w^^^cn^^o'^o^oClyj\ncs cn i-H^vo^r- >o \u00C2\u00AB\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 rH cn *h (Si\nr*. I_r_ #vi ^__ . _ _^\nV3- CJ. CO cn\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 r- cs i-i\nTt rs\n>n r-\nt- \u00C2\u00ABn\ncn\nVO.-N\u00C2\u00A9/\u00E2\u0080\u0094.-/. ^-sTt/^00/-^O/-^.\u00C2\u00B00^^O/\u00E2\u0080\u0094>Or\V.'-.,C'~.\nC^^00cMC_S.rt^&^O\u00C2\u00ABft\u00C2\u00A9<^CT.6<_-CS Os\nto\nfS\n,r-/-\Ow-o--^0'\u00E2\u0080\u0094. \u00C2\u00A9 /\u00E2\u0080\u0094.O/\u00E2\u0080\u0094, \u00C2\u00A9 .\u00E2\u0080\u0094^cs ^\nf&9-t--.r-4rHT__,cn&ftC- *iveiftTttft S !0 Wvi\"w____ w_St WS wt^w\nTt cs m vo v-> co .\nm t-*\n3 O m *h ^\nVO\ncs n\nHOI\n\u00C2\u00AB\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 1ft rH\nc./^0/-mN/-m_o \u00E2\u0080\u009E, *n/^co^o.-vinw20ma.\nvo o th 0 vo m Ov J;coi/'.oo,_ir-inco_LC-,itl^.\noC CI. ri ** \u00C2\u00ABn ,w'oo OoCwr^wT-T',~'riei5.w^aCfo\nCO w XD CO \"^ rH rH H , I W N N\nCN rH \u00C2\u00A9, \u00C2\u00BBQ\n\"n Ga\nin *-'\n\u00C2\u00ABft\no ui\nvo vo\nt-CA\ncn m\nCS\nw\nu\np.\n_3\no\ntn\n5\nz\nw\n>\nTt.\u00E2\u0080\u0094.-n -\u00C2\u00BBv o ^Tf y^vovj-cs /-.Tt ^-.m /-s co .-^ m /-^ r~ >--.\noo Tf C- m cs in \u00C2\u00A9 o\u00C2\u00ABn \u00E2\u0080\u009E. '-'MtNr.w.TrMOMoc1. o\now^nts h t-o^t 2r-w^\u00C2\u00BBowowtN\u00C2\u00BBr)o\n*rf wm\"J3es**oo w\u00C2\u00BB\" a vc*'w\nm\n^w f- -v \u00E2\u0096\u00A0* j -*j r\u00E2\u0080\u0094\ \~ r\u00E2\u0080\u0094> **** _\u00E2\u0080\u0094. -v *\u00E2\u0080\u0094. ^ -^ ^ v w *\u00E2\u0080\u0094^ \*_> ^^x i^^ ^^ \\u00C2\u00BB*i tr_~ ^ i. ^ I \u00E2\u0080\u0094\ncncnOcntNO 0^oOOHM^in\u00C2\u00ABH00inU.icii>p\nTf \u00C2\u00AB\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 cn o\m \u00C2\u00AB\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 r^ m \"t, th inin ^w^whw^woOmvoo^\nw i> t-^ ^^ cT CJ vjp W cn cn oo ^\"^ oo' ^^ oo\" w o w' rf 6ft \o cn cn\nrHVO cnw^\u00C2\u00BBn\u00C2\u00AB-,0 rH rH tH I W N rt\ncn ^-^\u00C2\u00ABn ^-NO^vVD/^0/-*.Tt <\u00E2\u0080\u0094. cS .^v m /-_ cn i-vin y^cn^-s\nr-'-tcSin'-'mCO oo\mo\noo^/.v.r.vDHHOTfwOy.vowc.wCTiwr-wv.o\n\u00C2\u00BBrrs-/TH\u00C2\u00ABtesS^rI2.c_jCwi>wio'^owcs *-'*f,-'*f \u00C2\u00AB\nrn vo^^ ^-'ox cn CS *h \u00C2\u00BB-< rH .-h\nKO^^oO/^r-^.0/-vO\/^oO/-sir./-NrH/^ri__.;0&^cSoooo\nr-cncnr.rtr-J2.0NJO\"ncs\n^wm.^_WO^\u00C2\u00BBHininTtwnw.owr.wcnO-jMr*\nN^OrHs^^\"Citw^cnco\"N^\o's,-^oo'w'ri \u00C2\u00A3 *h \u00C2\u00ABe-oC-\u00E2\u0080\u0094- g J2\nrH CO\ncn Tt\nm os\nI I\n\u00C2\u00BB5 c\n3 m 42\n% Z Q S E\n0 m 0 Z\ntf)\na_\nu\nD.\nCli\na\ni\na\nM\nM\nu\nC=K\n8 3\n\u00C2\u00A7 8\nW)\n.8\nM\na\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2o\nv,\n\u00C2\u00A7\nX\nc.\n8\nca\n00\n1-\ns\n\u00C2\u00AB\nfe.\na\nC\nT)\n>\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 s\nTJ\nd\n-2\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0OS,\n0\nC\ng\n3\n_\u00E2\u0096\u00A0.\na\noc\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2a\nII.\n0\no\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0a\nCO\n> .S3\nto M =\nd\ni oo\nir. -a \u00C2\u00AB\n_2 S > \u00E2\u0080\u00A2-\nTJ g 0 \u00E2\u0080\u009E\no\nCA\na\ni %\nh TJ cfl S 'S \"__\n. \u00C2\u00A3\n1-\n0\nr\nf\ni\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0p\n0\n2\no\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2o _: _;\nrt Z Z\no\n_,\nZ Z\nO oj\na\nu -a\n2 5\n9 a\na;\n1\n0 tA\nE_3\n\u00C2\u00AB8\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 21\nFISHERIES MANAGEMENT\nParticipation in freshwater fishing continued to increase during the year.\nResident angling licence sales increased about 5 per cent to 213,184, with slightly\nhigher increases in licence sales to nonresidents. Studies completed during 1970\nindicate that licence sales of this magnitude resulted in almost five million days\nof angling by the 332,296 licensed and 67,000 unlicensed (juvenile) anglers. Expenditures directly related to the pursuit of freshwater sport fish exceeded $55 million\nduring the year.\nOvercrowding of favoured fishing locations and the growing resentment of\ncompetition from nonresident anglers by residents of the Province indicate that\nprovision of \"resident only\" angling waters may be necessary in the near future.\nIncreasingly high exploitation of particularly valuable trophy-size steelhead populations will soon necessitate imposition of special quota fisheries to limit total catches.\nSteelhead Fishery Survey\nSteelhead anglers took 33,977 of these highly prized anadromous rainbow\ntrout from the fresh waters of the Province during the 1970/71 season. Another\n19,939 fish were caught and released.\nNon-Canadian anglers took about 2,400 steelhead and about 400 were caught\nby residents of other provinces.\nSteelhead anglers licences were purchased by 43,740 anglers, only 23,852 of\nwhom actually fished for steelhead. Of these, 8,214 individuals succeeded in catching one or more steelhead for an average yearly catch of four fish for each successful\nangler. Fishermen spent 232,664 days angling for steelhead during the year.\nThe most productive river was the Vedder where 5,269 anglers fished 36,250\ndays for 3,060 steelhead kept and 1,209 released. Vancouver Island's Gold River\nwas next with 1,752 fish kept and 1,239 released. Other important rivers in order\nof total catch were the Bulkley 1,725 (released 897), Thompson 1,673 (released\n325), and Cowichan 1,543 (released 796).\nLake Inventory\nDuring the summer of 1971, a total of 130 lakes throughout the Province were\nfully or partially surveyed by the single two-man survey crew. Heaviest emphasis\nwas in the rapidly developing Cariboo-Coast region where 53 surveys were completed. Lakes surveyed in other regions were Kamloops, 26; Vancouver Island, 25;\nNorthern region, 13; Kootenays, 11, and the Mainland Coast with 3. With many\nof the more urgent surveys now completed, emphasis is being placed on inventory\nof all waters within individual drainage systems. A publication has been prepared\nwhich summarizes all lake survey information gathered since surveys commenced\nin 1941.\nStream Surveys\nA new programme of stream inventory was initiated in 1971. The inventory\nwas carried out exclusively on Vancouver Island, and mainly on streams on the\nsouthern end of the Island. The information collected was recorded on 1:50,000\ntopographic maps, using a simple colour-coding system to indicate stream types.\n DD 22\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nExample of stream damage and obstruction to fish caused by past logging practices.\nTo a large extent survey work was directed toward smaller rivers and streams.\nOver 100 small streams that proved to be of some fisheries value were surveyed.\nAlso some 30 major rivers were surveyed, of which the Cowichan, Nitinat, and\nSalmon River systems received a great deal of attention. Information obtained included flow variation, temperatures, locations of waterfalls, log jams, and species\nof fish present. Aerial surveys were also undertaken, two along the west coast\nranging from Tofino to Muchalat Inlet and from Port Renfrew to Nitinat Lake, and\na third up the White and Tsitika Rivers.\nThis information is essential in the evaluation of forest and land management\nproblems and is also a good basis for future management and inventory work.\nHabitat Protection\nMore noticeable in 1971 than in any previous year was the tendency for industrial development companies and departments of government to seek the advice\nof the Fish and Wildlife Branch on matters relating to protection of fish and wildlife\nspecies prior to beginning industrial developments or finalizing resource development\ndecisions. This encouraging trend greatly facilitates the habitat protection function\nassociated with such development and better ensures maintenance of fish populations\nat optimum levels. Specifically, some large forest industry and mining companies\nhave sought Branch advice before logging, mining, or road building in new locations,\nand often have asked for a review of production plans on an annual basis. Within\nthe Provincial Government the Department of Highways, Forest Service, and British\nColumbia Hydro and Power Authority have volunteered co-operation in many areas\nof design, construction, and development.\nThese progressive attitudes appear to be the result of the universal growing\nconcern with environmental issues, direct public pressures, and the continuing programmes of persuasion and enforcement of the Fish and Wildlife Branch.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 23\nDredge and fill operations\u00E2\u0080\u0094The increasing number of proposals to reclaim\nland, dredge and fill embayments, and create spoil land fills in shallow-water areas of\nthe coastline and in inland waters is of particular concern to this Branch. In coastal\nareas, dredging and filling operations may upset migration patterns of fish moving\nto and from trout- and salmon-producing rivers, reduce the usefulness for young\nfish of the land-water interface, and disrupt intertidal spawning areas of salmon. In\ninland waters similar effects are experienced with resultant losses to fish and their\nhabitat, with the added problem that favoured fishing locations may be lost in the\nfilling process. Other species of wildlife such as waterfowl and furbearers, may\nsimilarly have their habitat destroyed in dredge-and-fill operations. During the\nyear, the Branch was involved in investigations of several of these proposals. In\ncoastal areas, these included a sanitary land fill at Alberni Inlet, port development at\nSquamish in Howe Sound and at Hardy Bay, and a shipping channel at Cowichan\nBay. In inland waters, the Branch was successful in discouraging the filling of a\nfavoured fishing area in the internationally famous Slocan Pool of Kootenay River.\nThis proposal was part of a plan to dispose of waste rock and soil from the Kootenay\nCanal Project, a hydro-electric development designed to make use of waters presently unused by existing dams on Kootenay River downstream of Nelson.\nMining\u00E2\u0080\u0094The involvement of the Branch in the Advisory Committee on Reclamation of the Department of Mines and Petroleum Resources increased during\nthe year as it has become a requirement that all exploration activity must be reviewed and receive approval prior to commencement, and because the tempo and\nextent of exploration have been increased. For example, base-metal deposits are\nnow being mapped and developed in areas north and west of Smithers and Terrace,\nand coal fields are being explored in the vicinity of the Rocky Mountain Trench\nsouth and north of Chetwynd. Aside from normal consideration of exploration and\nmining proposals, the Branch has been effective in establishing reserves against\nmining at Chinaman Lake near Hudson's Hope and along a portion of Flathead\nRiver near Fernie. It has discovered and is attempting to correct an overlap of\ncoal licences over a recreational reserve in the Elk Valley, and it has modified river\ncrossing and exploration activities in Flathead Valley to protect fish and wildlife\nhabitat.\nThe Branch has begun investigations of a proposal to divert a portion of the\nElk River near Fernie to facilitate mining of coal from beneath the riverbed. At\nthis time, it would appear that this major diversion proposal is inimical to maintenance of healthy fish populations in that river. In co-operation with regional\nstaff, the Habitat Protection Section is planning and directing a continuing study\nof biological features of Elk River aimed at detecting changes related to local mining\nactivities.\nReservoirs\u00E2\u0080\u0094September 1971 saw the completion of field investigations associated with Libby Dam and the soon-to-be created Lake Koocanusa. Data collected\nat the reservoir site are presently being compiled into a report which will describe\nanticipated effects of the dam and reservoir on the fisheries resource of Kootenay\nRiver and Kootenay Lake. At Mica Dam, reports of stranding of fish during occasional shutdowns of diversion tunnels caused hasty preparations for an attempt to\nrescue fish by seining during a tunnel closure in September. Investigation showed\nthat only a few game fish were stranded, possibly because the closure occurred\nbetween normal migration periods. At the Kootenay canal project near Nelson,\nbiologists from Water Resources Service and this Branch have begun co-operative\nstudies of possible sport fisheries problems in the areas of the river to be affected.\nAt other smaller domestic and irrigation water-storage sites in the Province, recom-\n DD 24 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nmendations for protection of sport fisheries and recreation were provided to the\nWater Resources Service for inclusion in water licences.\nRoad construction\u00E2\u0080\u0094Improved liaison with the Location Section of the Department of Highways during the past year has enabled this Branch to achieve several\nsatisfactory solutions to impending highway encroachments on fish habitat. The\nSection reviewed and commented on the plans of a number of major projects, including the Sayward-Nimpkish Junction Highway, Highway 99 relocation north of\nSquamish, Highway 16 from Valemount to Terrace, and numerous minor construction projects throughout the Province. The excellent response received from the\nDepartment of Highways has been a highlight of our recent attempts to promote\ninter-Departmental co-operation in planning and development.\nLiaison was also established with the Forest Engineering Division of British\nColumbia Forest Service, responsible for the construction and maintenance of forest\nlogging-roads. The Fish and Wildlife Branch is now provided with plans and\ndescriptions of all major proposed forest roads, and the opportunity exists for fish\nand wildlife managers to recommend alterations to proposed routes or methods of\nconstruction in order to protect fish and wildlife habitat.\nPollution research\u00E2\u0080\u0094Sumithion, or fenitrothion, is an organophosphate insecticide which is becoming popular as a pesticide spray for forest insects and mosquitos.\nTwo field studies were conducted this year to document the effect of Sumithion on\nfish, fish food, and fish habitat. In addition, a three-year laboratory study of the\naction of Sumithion on fish behaviour was completed. The results were presented\nat the annual meeting of the Canadian Society of Zoologists held in St. John's,\nNewfoundland.\nThe increasing use of inland waters by pulp-mills has prompted a number of\nfield and laboratory investigations as well as interagency studies with Federal\nGovernment officials. Tests have been performed to document the effects of a\nnumber of pulp-mills on the colour, odour, and foaming tendencies of receiving\nwaters, and quality of fish flesh. Results have shown that the tainting of fish flesh\nby mill effluent is an area of particular concern, and further studies on this facet\nof pulp-mill operation are being undertaken in co-operation with the Fisheries Service of Canada, and the Fisheries Research Board of Canada.\nReferral systems\u00E2\u0080\u0094Over 1,700 applications for water licences were processed\nby the Branch in 1971. The greatest number of these applications, by far, are of\nno immediate concern, but in several instances the Branch was able to request\nprovision for fisheries maintenance flows in streams, provide for clearing of reservoirs, and require passage for fish past potential obstructions. An agreement has\nbeen reached between the Water Resources Service, British Columbia Hydro and\nPower Authority and the Branch wherein a minimum flow of 20 cubic feet per\nsecond of water will be provided to the Heber River from a dam which is used to\ndivert water to the Campbell River.\nOver 200 applications to the Pollution Control Branch for permits to dispose\nof wastes to water, land, or air have been reviewed by the Branch during the year.\nThe Department of Mines and Petroleum Resources continues to provide notice of\napplications for placer-mining leases on the Fraser River drainage. In addition to\nthe inclusion of fish protective requirements in many leases, the Branch was successful in acquiring a reserve against placer-mining on the south fork of the Quesnel\nRiver, from Likely to Drop Creek, a popular fishing area.\nRenovations to the fisheries laboratory have been completed, and it is now\nequipped for bioassay work, as well as specific, short-term research.\n department of recreation and conservation, 1971 dd 25\nHabitat Improvement\nDuring 1971, construction and involvement in habitat-improvement projects\nincreased slightly over 1970. Growing numbers of small and diverse types of\nprojects were completed at the regional level. Many larger projects were continued\nor completed in conjunction with the Habitat Improvement Section.\n\u00C2\u00AB\"..:\nExample of stream obstruction caused by beaver activity.\nProjects included spawning-stream improvement through removal of obstructions caused by debris, logs, and beaver dams. Several diversion structures to\nimprove water quality, and construction of small dams to increase and stabilize\nlake levels, were initiated and (or) completed. Improvements were completed at\nEneas, Allendale, Ripley, Jewel, Chain, and Missezula Lakes (Okanagan Region);\nCraigflower Creek, Cat Stream, Hunts Creek, and Cameron River (Vancouver\nIsland Region); Elgin Creek (Lower Mainland Region); and Paul Creek, Salmon\nLake, and Heffley Creek (Kamloops Region).\nRipley Lake dam\u00E2\u0080\u0094A small concrete dam at the outlet has increased the\naverage lake depth by 5 feet. This will greatly reduce the likelihood of fish\ndie-offs due to lack of oxygenated water. The increased volume of the lake (about\n20 per cent) will also afford more fish production in an area of the Province\ngenerally lacking in small lake fisheries. Downed and flooded timber has, and is\nbeing removed in conjunction with rod and gun clubs in the South Okanagan area.\nCameron River log jam obstruction\u00E2\u0080\u0094A large log jam was removed by personnel from MacMillan Bloedel's Northwest Bay Division (Vancouver Island) in\nconjunction with Branch staff. Fish migration was improved and flooding danger\nto large trees in adjacent Cathedral Grove reduced.\nSalmon Lake diversion and flow control\u00E2\u0080\u0094A permanent, concrete flow-control\nstructure was completed on a diversion ditch from Salmon River to Salmon Lake\n(Kamloops Region). The structure is designed to allow better control of inflowing\n DD 26\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nwater, thereby reducing erosion and improving fish passage. The diverted water\nhas effectively eliminated fish die-offs due to unoxygenated water during extreme\nsummer and winter conditions in Salmon Lake.\nMeadow Creek spawning channel\u00E2\u0080\u0094In 1971, progeny from the first channel\nspawning in 1967 returned as part of the kokanee spawning run to Meadow Creek\nSystem (Kootenay Lake Area). An estimated 977,000 fish entered the system, the\nlargest number ever recorded (Table 1).\nTable 1\u00E2\u0080\u0094Number of Kokanee Spawning in Meadow Creek System\nYear\nEstimated\nBelow\nChannel\nChannel\nEstimated\nJohn\nCreek\nAbove\nChannel\nTotal\n1967-\n1968._\n1969_\n1970..\n1971-\n192,624\n91,451\n156,300\n258,600\n504,000\n197,878\n98,752\n121,238\n218,957\n143,262\n24,000\n5,000\n2,500\n10,600\n67,000\n189,480\n47,992\n127,842\n220,001\n262,926\n606,282\n287,583\n407,380\n723,158\n977,188\nOnly 143,262 were allowed to spawn in the channel in 1971. Previous year's\nwork indicated overspawning was occurring in most sections of the channel with a\nsubsequent loss of eggs. Also, declining fry survival (Table 2) was related to a\nbuild-up of fines and silt in the specially prepared spawning gravels.\nTable 2\u00E2\u0080\u0094Number of Kokanee Fry (in Millions) and per Cent Survival\nFrom the Egg Stage\nYear\nChannel\nPer Cent\nSurvival\nAbove\nChannel\nPer Cent\nSurvival\n1968 \t\n5.36\n1.46\n1.98\n1.42\n25.7\n8.5\n11.5\n6.3\n3.21\n0.78\n2.78\n2.62\n16.1\n1969 \t\n1970 \t\n1971 . _ \t\n8.9\n17.1\n9.9\nTo increase fry survival in the channel, 50 per cent of the area was scarified\nin 1971, thereby removing bar formations and loosening and cleaning the gravel.\nWith a reduced number of spawners and increased quality of the spawning environment, fry production should show a moderate increase in 1972. Assessment of\nalternatives for the control of fines and silt entering the spawning channel has occupied much of the Branch's engineering capability during the latter part of 1971.\nRuby Creek spawning channel\u00E2\u0080\u0094Since 1967, the artificially created outlet\nspawning channel of Ruby Lake near Sechelt has been modified to better accommodate fall spawning cutthroat trout. Distribution of spawners in the 300-foot channel\nwas enhanced in 1971 by further placement of overhead cover and creation of an\nadditional holding pool. Some experimental rearing areas adjacent to the channel\nwere modified to assess early life-history requirements.\nSpawning fish are repeatedly using similar spawning sites year after year. An\nunderstanding of this facet of cutthroat behaviour is important for any future enhancement of cutthroat environments. A total of 75 potential spawners (averaging\n18 inches) descended the channel in the fall of 1971, compared to an estimated 15\nspawners in 1968, 29 in 1969, and 38 in 1970.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 27\nSteep-pass fishway evaluations\u00E2\u0080\u0094Small portable fishways measuring 8 x 1.8 x\n2.3 feet, and with internal baffles, were evaluated as devices for passing rainbow\ntrout and kokanee over vertical obstructions. Rainbow trout (averaging 20 inches),\nunder the limitations of installation, could negotiate an 8-foot fishway at slope\nangles of 12 to 25 degrees, discharge from 1 to 4 cubic feet per second and velocities from 2.5 to 4.5 feet per second. Spawning suckers and all trout less than 6\ninches could not ascend if a jump of 8 to 12 inches was created at the mouth of\nthe fishway.\nKokanee passage was tested over 8-, 16-, and 24-foot distances, at slope\nangles of 13.5 to 35 degrees, discharge of 1, 3, and 5 cubic feet per second, and\nvelocities from 1.3 to 5.0 feet per second. Fish passage was best at angles less than\n26 degrees and flows greater than 1 cubic foot per second. Fish (averaging 12\ninches) ascended a vertical rise of 4.9 feet in 16 feet near the 90 per cent success\nlevel. Fifty per cent ascended a 30-degree slope and none a 35-degree slope over\nan 8-foot distance.\nEighty-three Creek spawning channel\u00E2\u0080\u0094Due to uncertain summer flow in\nEighty-three Creek drainage system (near Green Lake in the Cariboo), the spawning channel was not operated in 1972. Evaluation continued, however, in the\ncleared and improved portion of the stream, with emphasis directed toward determining a maximum allowable spawning density. Over 900 adults entered the stream\nto spawn in 1971, compared to nearly 600 in 1969 and 1970. Only 365 fish were\nallowed to spawn and 60 were stripped for hatchery evaluation. The remaining fish\neither died naturally, were lost to predation, or entered Watch Creek (another\nintermittent inlet to Green Lake) to spawn (approximately 80-100). Anglers\ncaught 35 tagged postspawners to late 1971.\nFry production (5.3 per cent) was less than in 1970 (8.4 per cent), but\ngreater than pre-improvement in 1969 (1.3 per cent). Only a guaranteed minimum\nflow of 4 to 5 cubic feet per second during spawning in May, and 2 to 3 cubic feet\nper second until August will make the spawning channel a yearly production centre.\nOver 500 willow and 1,000 native pine trees (2 years old) were planted over\nthe spawning channel area to provide stabilization and streamside cover in the\nfuture. The entire area was seeded for the second time and the improved portion\nof stream fenced to prevent cattle and horse intrusion.\nChain Lake water-quality project\u00E2\u0080\u0094Attempts to improve water quality in\nChain Lake near Princeton by diverting low-nutrient water from Shinish Creek met\nwith limited success during 1970, largely due to a very dry summer. The project\nwas repeated in the summer of 1971 as a co-operative venture between the Fisheries Research Section, the Habitat Improvement Section, the Okanagan Region,\nand property owners around the lake. Conditions were more promising as the\nlake appeared to be well flushed by heavy natural run-off during May and June and\na sizeable discharge was introduced from Shinish Creek by a diversion channel.\nThe Fisheries Research Section monitored conditions monthly in the lake from June\nto September. Algae counts in June were lower than ever recorded previously, and\nno bloom occurred in 1971.\nLake rehabilitation\u00E2\u0080\u0094As a result of reduced algal conditions in Chain Lake\n(Okanagan Region), chemical rehabilitation to rid the lake of longnose suckers\nwas completed by local Branch staff in conjunction with local property owners in\nSeptember 1971. This treatment now completes the rehabilitation of the Osprey-\nLink-Chain Lake system with the latter to be stocked with rainbow trout next year\nfollowing detoxification.\n DD 28 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nMiscellaneous\u00E2\u0080\u0094The inspection of permanent-barrier sites, stream surveys in\nthe North Okanagan Lake area, interagency exchange of proposed improvement\nprojects with the Federal Fisheries Service, and the transfer of the crustacean\nGammarus (freshwater shrimp) as a food source to a rehabilitated lake constituted\nother areas of improvement work pursued by Regional and Headquarters staff.\nFish Culture Section\nPermanent production hatcheries at Abbotsford, Summerland, and Wardner,\none seasonal station at Loon Creek, and various supporting egg-collecting stations\nare operated by the Fish Culture Section of the Fish and Wildlife Branch. Included\nin this Section are the Biologist in charge of Fish Culture and the Superintendent of\nHatcheries, both in Victoria; field staff consisting of 13 fish culturists, a supervisor of\nconstruction, and 22 seasonal employees including fish culturists, carpenters, labourers, and watchmen. Species cultured included brook trout, cutthroat (coastal and\nYellowstone), kokanee, lake trout, rainbow, and steelhead. Eggs taken at the 16\negg-collecting stations were from the following species: Brook trout, cutthroat\n(coastal and Yellowstone), kokanee, and rainbow.\nDuring 1971, F. H. Martin, Supervisor of Fraser Valley Hatchery, retired\nafter 35 years of fish-culture service. D. L. Valin resigned to take a position in\nfish culture with the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development.\nThe release in 1971 of 4.7 million fish weighing 17,000 pounds was much less\nthan the five-year average of 6.4 million (41,000 pounds) fish. This reduction\nresulted from a smaller stocking of \"domestic\" rainbow and brook trout as well as\na considerable reduction in fish released from Summerland Hatchery due to a severe\nbacterial disease. Of the 354 lakes stocked with fish in 1971, 322 were planted\nwith rainbow trout. The number and weight of each species liberated were\nas follows:\nNumber Pounds\nCutthroat (Yellowstone) trout 270,000 92\nBrook trout 7,600 36\nKokanee 359,500 1,312\nRainbow trout 4,069,799 15,418\nSteelhead 7,400 152\nTotals 4,714,299 17,010\nApproximately 18 million eggs of all species were collected at 16 temporary\nfield stations and from brood stock at Kootenay Hatchery. Rainbow trout accounted for 14 million of the total eggs collected.\nTo avoid the serious hazard of introducing fish diseases from elsewhere, emphasis in recent years has been placed on a programme aimed at obtaining all eggs\nin British Columbia that are normally required in the Fish Culture Section. This\nyear, reasonable numbers of brook trout and some \"domestic\" rainbow eggs were\ncollected for the first time in many years. Also, more satisfactory collections of\nYellowstone cutthroat were developed. A suitable supply of Coastal cutthroat still\nremains to be established before the Section can become self-sufficient for all species\nnormally required in management.\nAs part of a co-operative exchange programme with the Ontario Department\nof Lands and Forests, about 1.5 million kokanee eggs were collected and shipped\nto Ontario. This was the final egg shipment in a long-term project to establish\nkokanee in the Great Lakes.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 29\nDuncan River and Wilkie Creek (Trout Lake) in the Kootenay were each\nplanted with 2,000 rainbow, 1 year of age, and progeny of large Duncan River\nrainbow. This was part of a project to restore the number of large rainbow trout\nin these streams. Additional stocking of 2-year-old fish from 1970 eggs, as well as\n1-year-old fish resulting from the 85,000 eggs collected in 1971, will be completed\nin 1972.\nAt the end of 1971, 35,000 steelhead were on hand at Fraser Valley Hatchery\nfor eventual release as 1- and 2-year-old fish.\nHatchery-raised fish being loaded into 3,200-gallon oxygen-aerated tanker prior to planting.\nDuring 1971, several large projects were completed with contracts issued by\nthe Department of Public Works for construction associated with hatcheries. Larger\nand improved egg-incubation facilities, along with additional storage or warehouse\nspace, was provided at Kootenay Hatchery. A modification of the Summerland\negg-incubation room will enable staff to more precisely control water temperatures.\nAt Fraser Valley Hatchery (Abbotsford), three circular ponds 16 feet in diameter,\na pumphouse, and an aeration tower were constructed for rearing steelhead. The\nwell pump and associated emergency power supply, along with all water-distribution\npiping to the circular ponds, were supplied by the Department of Public Works.\nOther construction projects completed in 1971 by Fish Culture Staff included\nimprovements to existing fish-collection facilities at Oyama, Pennask, Premier, and\nSwalwell (Beaver) Lakes with temporary installations provided at Aylmer (Starr)\nand Dugan Lakes. Improvements to the water distribution system and living-\nquarters at Loon Creek Hatchery, the covering and screening of part of the Sum-\n DD 30\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nmerland spring water supply, and the construction of a laboratory at Summerland\nHatchery were all completed in 1971.\nAll Summerland and Kootenay fish-rearing ponds were repainted using anti-\nfouling paint to prevent algae growth. After six months of use it was evident that\nlabour in pond cleaning was considerably reduced by this procedure.\nModifications to the 3,200-gallon trailer tank purchased in 1969 were finalized\nin early 1971. Fish were successfully transported to Loon Creek Hatchery from\nKootenay Hatchery, a distance of 500 miles, in the spring and fall of 1971. About\n1.4 million fish weighing 4,500 pounds were carried in the three one-day trips\nrequiring only one fish culturist and a driver.\nA programme team, composed of members from the Department of Public\nWorks and Fish and Wildlife Branch, continued throughout the year to compile the\nstatement of requirements for the new Fraser Valley Hatchery. At year-end,\nthis programme was near completion and feasibility and design drawings will be\nunderway in early 1972. Evaluation of water reconditioning systems will proceed\nsimultaneously with design of other elements of the hatchery.\nResearch, started in 1969 to test the suitability of different trout diets, was\ncontinued in 1971. Evaluation of the two diets presently being tested in hatcheries\nis nearly complete, and evaluation of fish survival after release into two lakes commenced in 1971 with an examination of marked fish returning to the spawning\nstreams.\nApproximately 24,000 school children and adults visited Fish and Wildlife\nBranch hatcheries in 1971.\nFisheries Research and Technical Services\nThe major project of this Section, studies of the factors affecting the production\nof your rainbow trout, was continued at the Loon Lake system (near Clinton). The\n1971 trout spawning run was somewhat later than usual and, although the smallest\nin the four recent years of study, not as low as on many years in the 1950's (Table\n1). Postspawning survival has been variable, but perhaps somewhat higher in\nrecent years compared to the 1950's.\nTable 1\u00E2\u0080\u0094Approximate Number (to Nearest Hundred) of Rainbow Trout Spawners\nEntering the Outlet Creek of Loon Lake, and the Survival of These to Re-enter\nthe Lake.\n1953\n1954\n1955\n1956\n1968\n1969\n1970\n1971\n4,600\n1,500\n32\n7,900\n1,300\n16\n3,200\n1,800\n57\n4,800\n(?)\n(?)\n8,800\n7,000\n79\n11,400\n3,600\n32\n13,700\n6,200\n45\n7,400\n4,100\n56\nNumber surviving to re-enter lake.\nFemales and males (three or more years old) in 1971 were similar in length to\nthose in 1970, females averaging about 12 inches and males about 12.7. In contrast, females in 1953, 1954, and 1955 averaged 9.9, 9.7, and 10.1 inches respectively. Precocious males (2-year-olds averaging about 7 inches) in 1971 again\ncomprised the majority of the male spawning population.\nEgg survival was measured in different gravel types in the outlet creek itself\nand in experimental rearing boxes there. These data applied to spawning-site observations will give an estimate of total egg survival in the creek.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 31\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0_\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\nRetrieving a large beach seine at Loon Lake, part of a study to determine factors\naffecting early life of trout. Small trout shown are a few weeks old, the larger ones about\n12 months.\n DD 32\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nThe fry from the 1971 spawning emerged relatively late in the summer and\nconsequently few grew to a sufficient size (about 1% inches) to migrate to the lake\nin their first year. The remainder will overwinter in the outlet and migrate later as\none- or two-year-old juveniles.\nProduction of young to the lake in 1971 was the lowest in the recent four years\nof study, but in the same order of magnitude as in 1953 and 1954 (Table 2).\nTable 2\u00E2\u0080\u0094Production of Young Trout (Numbers to Nearest Hundred) to\nLoon Lake From Its Outlet Creek\n1953\n1954\n1968\n1969\n1970\n1971\nFry (0 year)-\n1-year-olds\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n2-year-olds_--\n3-year-O-ds.-\n7,800\n9,700\n900\nTotals.\n4,800\n3,700\n18,400\n8,500\n15,600\n15,400\n1,800\n 300\n~337l66~\n9,000\n20,600\n7,000\n1,000\n7,700\n10,000\n1,100\n1,400\n12,800\n500\n37,600\n18,800\n14,700\nAn estimate of total recruitment to the lake from a single-year class is now\navailable for 1968. From about 8,800 spawners (nearly 5,000 of which were\nfemales) that year, over 37,000 young trout were recruited to the lake as fry or\none-, two-, and three-year-old juveniles. Because there apparently are very few\ntwo- or three-year-old juveniles overwintering in the outlet creek this year, additions to total recruits from these age components will be slight. Therefore, total\nrecruitment from the 1969- and 1970-year classes probably will not greatly exceed\n20,000 and 21,000 juveniles respectively. Causes for marked annual fluctuations\nin recruitment are being investigated.\nProduction of young rainbow trout from Loon inlet creek was estimated in\n1971. About 25,000 adults spawned in this system and from these about 100,000\nfry migrated downstream to the lake, roughly similar to numbers reported for the\nmid-1950's from this system. As in the outlet creek, adult trout spawning in the\ninlet are appreciably larger in size than those measured in the early mid-1950's.\nThe total angler catch of trout from Loon Lake was estimated to be about\n60,000 fish in 1971, slightly higher than that of the previous year (about 56,000\nfish).\nStudies on the lake ecology of rainbow trout also were continued at Loon Lake\nin 1971. Distribution and dispersal of small trout were determined by purse-seining,\ntow-netting, beach-seining, and diver observation. Fry and yearlings that migrated\ninto the lake this year moved only about half the distance up the lake. No young\ntrout were caught offshore by any of the sampling methods used. Small fish were\nconsistently found in the shallow onshore areas over the entire length of the lake.\nDiving observations indicated that juveniles were restricted to the littoral zone, and\nfry, when they first entered the lake, distributed themselves along the immediate\nshoreline in about 6 inches of water. Young trout in onshore waters fed on plank-\ntonic as well as benthic organisms.\nStudies of hatchery operations and stocking methods were also continued.\nRecycling of hatchery water has been shown to increase disease susceptibility and\nmortality of fish held there. The most toxic component of recycled water is\nammonia. Experiments were conducted at Summerland Hatchery to examine effects\nof ammonia and other metabolites on developing trout eggs. The highest build-up\nof ammonia occurred with the greatest volume of recycled water and the lowest\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 33\namounts with least recycling. Ammonia concentrations, however, were not sufficiently high to increase mortality of eggs or fry at the swim-up stage. A method\ndeveloped elsewhere for quickly determining the amount of toxic un-ionized ammonia in water has been corrected and improved.\nA co-operative study involving the Fisheries Service of the Department of the\nEnvironmental, Regional, and Fisheries Research personnel of the Fish and Wildlife Branch, the Forest Service, and a forest products company has been started on\na watershed near Prince George. Lakes and streams in the watershed have good\npopulations of sport fish as well as a spawning run of chinook salmon. The drainage\nbasin has a high recreational potential that will be utilized by the outdoor recrea-\ntionist as soon as road access is provided. Water quality and fish populations will\nbe studied in logged and \"control\" areas to determine the effects of logging and\nroad-building on the fishery resource.\nThe Research Section has been actively involved with planning of the Limnology Programme for the Canada-British Columbia Okanagan Basin Study as\nwell as with field collection and analysis of fish data on the six main basin lakes.\nInformation on relative abundance, distribution, growth, as well as pesticide and\nheavy-metal content of all species of fish has been obtained from samples taken at\na series of stations on the lakes during the early spring, summer, and late autumn\nof 1971. Results will be compared with an earlier study on the lakes in the\nmid-1930's.\nLimnological conditions (temperature, oxygen, transparency, algal density,\netc.) have been monitored monthly at Chain Lake, near Princeton, to evaluate\nattempts to improve water quality conditions in the lake by diverting low-nutrient\nwater into it from a nearby creek.\nAn extensive review and documentation have been made of the impact of man\non Kootenay Lake and its salmonoids. In particular, the effects of mysid introduction and phosphate enrichment on the kokanee and trout populations were\nconsidered.\nPublications\nAndrusak, H., and T. G. Northcote. Segregation between adult cutthroat trout\n(Salmo clarki) and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malmd) in small coastal British\nColumbia lakes. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 28(9): 1259-1268.\nBone, J. N. A method of dispensing rotenone emulsions. Fisheries Management\nReport No. 62, 3 p.\nHalsey, T. G., and D. M. Galbraith. Evaluation of two artificial circulation systems used to prevent trout winter-kill in small lakes. Fisheries Management\nPubl. No. 16, 13 p.\n S. J. MacDonald. Experimental trout introduction and artificial circulation of Yellow Lake, British Columbia. Fisheries Management Report No.\n63, 20 p.\nHartman, G. F., and D. M. Galbraith. The reproductive environment of the Ger-\nrard stock rainbow trout. Fisheries Management Publ. No. 15, 51 p.\nLarkin, P. A., P. J. Ellickson, and L. Lauriente. The effects of toxaphene on the\nfauna of Paul Lake, British Columbia. Fisheries Management Publ. No. 14,\n28 p.\nNilsson, N.-A. The cutthroat trout. Fisheries Technical Circular No. 7, 9 p.\nPearse Bowden Economic Consultants Ltd. The value of fresh-water sport fishing\nin British Columbia. 60 p.\nThomas, R. C. The British Columbia steelhead sport fishery, 1969/70. Fisheries\nTechnical Circular No. 6, 9 p.\n DD 34\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nWILDLIFE MANAGEMENT\nIntroduction\nThe adoption of new wildlife management objectives in 1971 has formed the\nbasis for planning and establishing a more comprehensive approach to the management of wildlife in coming years. Briefly stated, management objectives include\nprotection, management, information and education, and research as major endeavours. The new objectives have been designed to make wildlife management more\nresponsive to social demands, and to provide a basis for a balanced approach to\nthe management of wildlife.\nWildlife biologist staff are now engaged in the process of developing comprehensive management plans for the various species of animals found in the Province.\nThe planning process includes, for the first time, the development of programmes for\nprotection and management of nongame species, and greater recognition of ethical\nand aesthetic aspects of wildlife recreational use.\nThe growing public awareness and appreciation of the cultural, educational,\nscientific, and economic values of wildlife to society challenge traditional concepts\nof what wildlife values and uses should be. Such change in public thinking demands\nnew approaches to the traditionally extractive management of the resource. In its\nnewly found concern, this trend in public thinking about wildlife may jeapordize\nthe legitimate interest of hunters to seek recreation in taking surplus wildlife. There\nremains a need for managers to satisfy all social needs and to develop programmes\ncapable of achieving such ends. This is what is intended in revising wildlife\nmanagement objectives.\nNoteworthy gains in habitat protection were achieved in 1971, when for the\nfirst time wildlife managers sat down with foresters in co-operative efforts to develop\nforest management plans designed to protect wildlife from harmful effects of logging\noperations. This programme will develop on all public forest lands in the Province,\nproviding a major vehicle for long-term land-use planning on Crown lands. Similar\nplanning has been done in co-operation with private forest management firms on\ntheir own lands. The response of such firms is encouraging, and provides an opportunity for significant gains in the protection of wildlife habitat.\nThe involvement of the International Joint Commission in plans by Seattle\nCity Power and Light Company to further flood the Skagit Valley in Canada resulted\nin the first comprehensive public hearing of a resource-development proposal in\nthe Province. Public response to the International Joint Commission hearings in\nBellingham and Vancouver belied opinions that the public is apathetic about recreational resources, and is an example of how instructive public opinion may be sought\nby resource management agencies. The advisory group to the International Joint\nCommission included a representative of the wildlife management staff, enabling\nfull consideration of wildlife resource needs in relation to further storage within the\nSkagit Valley.\nContinuing closure of rural lands to hunting in settled areas of the Province\nhas seriously deprived the public of hunting opportunity close to home. Such\nclosures under municipal, regional district, and Department of Recreation and\nConservation jurisdiction often occur on lands having high wildlife production capabilities, and hunting potential, but which face difficult circumstances in the control\nof safe, free access for public hunting. This trend has now eliminated much of the\npotential waterfowl and farm-game hunting opportunity in the Province, particularly in the Okanagan, Lower Mainland, and Vancouver Island regions. There\nseems little possibility under existing management arrangements that free public\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 35\nhunting can exist under such land-use situations, despite the wildlife resource\ncapability that may remain. There is, therefore, an emerging need to create new\ninstitutional arrangements to preserve and enhance wildlife and wildlife-based recreation in settled areas of the Province. Such arrangements might include the\ndevelopment of wildlife resources by clubs and other private agencies, and through\nnew initiatives by both Provincial and local governments to achieve such a purpose.\nProtection\nRange Studies\nThe East Kootenay is one of the areas of the Province where natural wildlife\npopulations are in conflict with domestic animals. As background information,\nusing air photos and maps, it was determined that of the 1,800 square miles of the\nsouthern Rocky Mountain Trench, the major problems existed on 550 square miles\nfound at lower elevations.\nWinter ranges in the East Kootenay are extremely limited and overgrazed\nfrom a wildlife viewpoint. On the open rangeland (burned-over forests and native\ngrassland) 87 per cent (217 square miles) was overgrazed and only 13 per cent\n(33 square miles) was not overgrazed. In the remaining 301 square miles of the\nregion examined, immature conifer trees up to 40 years old were dominant. Forests of age 20 to 40 years dominated 85 per cent (255 square miles) of the winter\nranges while the remaining 15 per cent was of forests up to 20 years old.\nThe low proportion of forests up to 20 years old compared to those of 20 to\n40 years indicates that large forest fires have been largely eliminated from the region\nin the past two decades, thus the big-game winter ranges and the critical live-stock\ngrazing ranges are not being perpetuated. The entire range conflicts are compounded when it is considered that the remaining burns are severely overgrazed.\nThe study dealt exclusively with the problem on forest lands; it did not\ndocument either the amount of land that was urbanized, cultivated, and otherwise\nalienated, or that occupied by highways, roads, and railroads. However, it did\ndocument the loss of big-game winter ranges due to the flooding of the Libby\nReservoir.\nThe report confirmed that big-game winter ranges are a major limiting factor\ndetermining big-game population size. In the East Kootenays the carrying capacity\nof these finite areas is being drastically reduced by natural reforestation and overgrazing.\nSome of the results that are available from this study are that cattle prefer the\ngrassland and overgrazed burned areas and are recorded in the forest-types with\nless frequency.\nElk prefer the ungrazed burned areas and the immature forests; they, as with\ncattle, have a low preference for mature forests but, unlike cattle, have a low preference for grasslands. Deer, on the other hand, prefer the ungrazed burned areas\nand the mature forests. However deer, like cattle, have a low preference for the\nyounger stands of forests. The results show that deer and elk are not compatible\nwith cattle when the latter causes severe overgrazing. There is a varied preference\nto forests by deer, elk, and cattle and the logic of that will have to be studied more\nintensively.\nThe study will provide the much needed information on the distribution of\nungulates by habitat-type. Such information will allow us the opportunity to reassess\npresent wildlife-grazing problems and express management proposals which are\nrelated to the resource.\n DD 36 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nPesticides\nMonitoring of fish and wildlife was continued during 1971. A total of 493\nanalyses of 11 species of fish, 78 species of bird, and nine species of mammals were\nperformed at the Provincial Pesticide Laboratory (British Columbia Department of\nAgriculture).\nThe highest pesticide residues reported in birds were 191 parts per million\nDDT derivatives and 24 parts per million Dieldrin from the liver of a bald eagle\nfrom Williams Lake. These levels are sufficiently high to indicate that pesticide\npoisoning was a contributory cause of death. Other high pesticide levels were\ndiscovered in seabirds from the Queen Charlotte Islands, where a rhinoceros auklet\nwas found to contain 96 parts per million DDT derivatives in the fat and 2.5 parts\nper million mercury in the liver. Lead was also found in some birds, with a level\nof 2.5 parts per million in the liver of a Wilson warbler from Prince Rupert and 1.7\nparts per million in the liver of a golden crowned sparrow from the same area.\nIn fish, the highest value recorded was 14.9 parts per million DDT derivatives\nin the muscle of trout from Okanagan Lake. This is an improvement on the findings\nfor the previous year.\nIn mammals, the highest value recorded was in a harbour porpoise which contained 36.9 parts per million DDT derivatives and 3.3 parts per million Dieldrin\nin the liver. A harbour seal from the Queen Charlotte Islands contained 1.4 parts\nper million mercury in the liver.\nDespite these findings the picture in British Columbia with regard to pesticide\nresidues is an encouraging one. There is strict regulation by the Department of Agriculture of the use of persistent pesticides and many of the problems now being faced\noriginate outside British Columbia. It is the condition of marine wildlife, which\nincludes the Peale's peregrine falcon, which therefore gives the greatest cause for\nconcern.\nIncluded in pesticides are herbicides such as 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T, and Tordon. If\nmisused these substances can cause considerable damage to fish and wildlife habitat.\nThe Fish and Wildlife Branch has therefore been actively involved in reviewing,\nwith other branches of government, all proposals for large scale use of herbicides.\nWhere necessary, plans have been modified to provide a proper degree of protection\nfor fish, wildlife, and their habitat.\nWaterfowl\nMajor marshland developments are being worked on at Moberly Marsh north\nof Golden, Elizabeth, and Reed Lakes near Cranbrook, Duck Lake at Creston,\nSwan Lake near Vernon, and at Duck, Barber, and Woodward Islands, and the\nSerpentine Flats near Vancouver. Full development of these areas over the next\nthree years will realize over 4,000 acres of valuable marshland for the recreation\nand enjoyment of residents of British Columbia.\nA major activity has involved co-operation with regional districts, municipalities, private individuals, and various organizations to preserve valuable wetlands\nand the right of the public to enjoy and use the wildfowl resources associated with\nsuch habitat. Wetlands of particular concern have been associated with coastal\nestuaries which serve as vital habitat for most aquatic wildfowl, particularly waterfowl. These areas are particularly important to an abundant and varied population\nof waterfowl which each year migrate through or overwinter in British Columbia.\nWork is progressing slowly on the development of regional wildfowl management\nplaces which are primarily designed to serve as planning-conservation documents\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 37\nfor use by regional and municipal officials. Preliminary maps have been draughted\nto the second and near final stage for regional districts of the Fraser Valley and\nsoutheastern Vancouver Island.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0f. \u00E2\u0096\u00A0;;-\u00E2\u0096\u00A0'v.. \u00E2\u0096\u00A0.\u00E2\u0080\u00A2'\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0:\"\u00E2\u0096\u00A0.:\u00E2\u0096\u00A0=:\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 \"\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\"\u00E2\u0096\u00A0: ~--': \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0[\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0:\u00E2\u0096\u00A0-\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0^.\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0.\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0;y-'^.,\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0-\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 : \u00E2\u0096\u00A0:\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0.. :..\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0.:\u00E2\u0096\u00A0;\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0,;\n^_F* ___\u00C2\u00BB.-\u00C2\u00BB' \u00E2\u0080\u00A2_\u00E2\u0080\u00A2*\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2''\u00E2\u0080\u00A2.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u00A2!-..^8\nThese mallard and pintail ducks, in the heart of Delta Municipality, are among hundreds of thousands of migratory waterfowl which use the rich fields and marshes of the\nFraser River every year.\nCo-operative technical surveys were initiated in 1971 to determine the waterfowl production in various zones of British Columbia. The technique of survey\nwhich includes recording waterfowl use of wetlands within square metre sample\nareas, will continue to be refined over the next several years. Ultimately, the production of each species of waterfowl will be determined to provide a clearer guideline\nfor the setting of hunting regulations.\nTwo projects concerned with the establishment of Canada goose flocks were\ninitiated in 1971. Large Canada geese were taken as young flightless birds from\nwild and near wild populations and released into the Nimpkish Valley on north\ncentral Vancouver Island (22 birds) and near Pitt Lake in the Fraser Valley (50\nbirds). These birds are the first of several hundred which will be released to these\nareas over a period of from five to ten years. Ultimately, resident breeding populations will be established of up to 500 geese in the Nimpkish Valley and 5,000 geese\nin the Fraser Valley.\nThrough negotiation with the Legal Surveys Division of the Department of\nLands, Forests, and Water Resources the metes and bounds description of the\nCreston Valley Wildlife Management Area was reviewed and revised to include\ncertain additional lands lying adjacent to the existing boundary.\nRaptorial Birds\nIn 1971 the inventory of breeding raptorial birds was continued. This activity\nwas most intensive in the Queen Charlotte Islands with the Gulf and Vancouver\nIslands, and areas of the central Interior also being inventoried. Results of this\nactivity have provided valuable insight into the general status of large raptors such\nas the bald eagle, the golden eagle, the peregrine falcon, and the prairie falcon. In\n DD 38\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\n1972, study areas will be established within the dry Interior and on the Queen\nCharlotte Islands to enable intensive study of the productivity of the prairie and\nperegrine falcon respectively. Such study areas are necessary to improve present\ninventory techniques.\nHumane Trapping\nEarly in the year the Branch became involved in pressures by individuals and\norganizations for the mandatory use of humane traps in British Columbia. Following communication with fur administrators in Ontario, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan,\nthe Canadian Association for Humane Trapping, and the SPCA, financial support\nwas authorized through the Minister of Recreation and Conservation for engineering\nstudies now under way at McMaster and Guelph Universities, whereby an effective\nhumane trap will hopefully be designed to replace the leg-hold trap.\nManagement\nHunter Sample\nEach year since 1965, resident hunters have received and returned grizzly bear\nharvest questionnaires. Because of the complexity of double seasons (spring and\nfall) we were unable to subject the returns to the regular analysis available through\nthe Data Processing Division. During 1971 the information was manually analyzed.\nThis presented to Wildlife Managers for the first time, an estimate of the number\nof grizzly bears harvested annually by residents during the period 1965-70. The\nannual harvest by residents has been stable, averaging 178 bears per year. (Table I).\nTable I\u00E2\u0080\u0094Summary of Game Harvests by Residents of\nBritish Columbia, 1965-70\nSpecie-\n1965\n1966\n1967\n1968\n1969\n1970\n56,877\n15,183\n1,800\n521\n1,967\n242\n153\n39,223\n621,162\n134,448\n76,692\n19,940\n1,970\n798\n1,762\n225\n182\n29,207\n508,514\n134,351\n70,534\n19,397\n1,709\n1,191\n1,577\n221\n159\n32,324\n978,485\n143,048\n77,013\n22,469\n2,257\n830\n1,661\n267\n192\n23,531\n623,979\n145,052\n57,035\n15,205\n1,498\n854\n1,557\n227\n176\n23,634\n807,229\n151,653\n65,830\nMoose \t\nElk \t\nCaribou \t\nGoat \t\n16,450\n1,638\n949\n1,386\n248\n204\nPheasant \t\n25,267\n948,142\n153,424\nThe 1971 harvest by resident hunters will not be available until the spring of\n1972. Based on the 1970 results, hunters were more successful even though wildlife populations were still below the 1968 levels and hunting seasons remained\nrestricted.\nThe 1970 deer harvest was only 2 per cent below the six-year average of 67,330\nanimals (Table I). Although the 1969 harvest was 26 per cent below that of 1968\nit was only 16 per cent below the six-year average. The moderate 1969/70 winter\ncoupled with a shortened hunting season allowed continued slow recovery of deer\nherds to more normal levels.\nMoose harvests appear to be stabilized following the upsurge in numbers associated with increased access and logging activity in the north central Interior. The\nincreased access has made some local moose populations more susceptible to hunting. The regional wildlife managers have, by manipulating open season dates,\nbrought about a better distribution of the harvest as well as shifting hunter demand\nto the more northern areas of the Province.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971\nDD 39\nElk harvests are still below the six-year average. The majority of British Columbia's elk hunting is in the East Kootenays where pressures other than hunting,\nare having a marked effect on elk populations. Reduced seasons have reduced harvests; however, shrinking habitat is the major threat to these animals.\nA drastic decline in native grouse populations was expected in 1970 but contrary to these expectations, they experienced another excellent production year\nresulting in a harvest 27 per cent above the six-year average and only 3 per cent\nbelow the six-year high set in 1967 (Table I).\nThe Cache Creek checking station was operated by the Kamloops Region for\nthe first time in 1971. The station operated 16 hours a day from September 4 to\nNovember 21, 1971. The station checked fewer resident hunters (down 8 per cent)\nand there was a decrease in deer; but moose, trophy big-game and nonresident\nhunters were up (Table II).\nTable II\u00E2\u0080\u0094Cache Creek Checking Station Results, 1966-71\nSpecies\n1966\n1967\n1968\n1969\n1970\n1971\nMoose\t\nDeer \t\nGoat \t\n7,264\n3,008\n197\n74\n138\n414\n22\n7,265\n6,494\n19,123\n4,093\n7,258\n3,635\n183\n63\n121\n514\n21\n6,720\n17,482\n20,503\n4,106\n6,661\n2,678\n163\n59\n209\n366\n43\n6,298\n14,399\n19,198\n3,908\n5,336\n2,761\n148\n49\n135\n351\n20\n6,967\n23,715\n20,919\n3,610\n5,153\n2,540\n65\n22\n118\n327\n22\n3,779\n17,766\n17,503\n2,909\n5,412\n1,783\n96\nSheep \t\n47\n225\n394\nElk .....\n16\n3,484\n12,390\n16,056\n3,017\nGrouse \t\nResidents \t\nBecause of the guiding requirement it is not necessary to send harvest questionnaires to nonresident hunters. The guides are required by law to report their clients'\nsuccess and these reports are summarized annually (Table III). As a further check,\nnonresidents are required to pay trophy fees before the animal is exported from the\nProvince. Moose continued to be the most sought after game animal followed by\ncaribou, mountain goat, and mountain sheep.\nTable III\u00E2\u0080\u0094Big-game Harvests in British Columbia by Nonresident Hunters,\n1960-70\nYear\nLicence\nSales\nDeer\nMoose\nElk\nGoat\nSheep\nCaribou\nGrizzly\nBear\nBlack\nBear\n1960\n3,767\n407\n1,649\n145\n445\n192\n217\n153\n190\n1961\n3,826\n393\n1,878\n137\n392\n191\n197\n128\n132\n1962\t\n4,370\n435\n2,047\n176\n433\n214\n270\n184\n206\n1963. _\n5,226\n467\n2,436\n214\n560\n312\n290\n166\n163\n1964\n5,265\n427\n2,512\n178\n439\n271\n331\n193\n183\n1965\t\n5,797\n307\n2,817\n194\n580\n390\n397\n241\n244\n1966.\n6,635\n352\n3,266\n184\n692\n376\n578\n212\n250\n1967\n6,933\n417\n3,328\n182\n569\n392\n492\n181\n152\n1968\n7,093\n383\n3,285\n205\n621\n415\n611\n268\n368\n1969\t\n7,445\n333\n3,158\n231\n695\n465\n681\n246\n306\n1970 \t\n7,311\n335\n3,175\n198\n607\n438\n742\n230\n290\nResearch\nDuring the year, the Wildlife Research and Technical Services Division was\nmoved from the University of British Columbia to Victoria. The loss of research\ntime created by the move was compensated by the establishment of a closer working\n DD 40 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nrelationship with other sections of the Branch. However, because of the move and\na very restricted budget, only one new research project was initiated in 1971.\nEmphasis was thus placed upon the completion of a variety of research projects\nand the analysis of large quantities of ecological information obtained from bighorn\nsheep range studies.\nA three-year study of the relationships between various logging practices, serai\nsuccession and the distribution and abundance of moose was initiated in 1971.\nSince large-scale pulp-harvesting programmes will profoundly affect moose in the\nPrince George region, this study is exceedingly important for the future management\nof both the forest and the wildlife resources. Assessment of the effects of clear\ncutting, patch logging, patch size, slash burning, reforestation, serai succession, and\nother forest practices will permit the modification of logging plans to enhance moose\nproduction. Furthermore, the results of this investigation will enable wildlife\nmanagement to predict changes in the distribution and abundance of moose resulting\nfrom cutting plans. This knowledge and the ability to predict changes is essential\nfor planning the moose-harvest programme of the future.\nThe combined investigations included in the East Kootenay big-game range\nstudies have provided the most detailed and comprehensive ecological information\navailable for any ranges in British Columbia. Although the analysis of all of the\ndata collected from 1965 to the present is not yet complete, many of the facets of\nthe study are almost complete. Reports dealing with the methods used in the study,\nand with the ecology, productivity, and management of five big-game winter ranges\nhave been brought to various stages of completion. The chemical analysis of important range plants, revealing the forage quality of unfertilized and fertilized, has\nbeen completed and a suitable computer programme has been designed for this\npurpose. Similarly, mineral analyses were also completed in co-operation with\nthe Canada Department of Agriculture. Partial analysis of the results indicate the\nexistence of several mineral deficiencies which may affect wildlife. A study of the\neffects of dryland fertilization on the annual production of range forage shows some\npromising results for range improvement programmes. Forage yields were increased\nby up to 268 per cent while protein production was increased by up to 291 per cent.\nThe completion of the analyses and the preparation of reports was retarded by\na lack of technical assistance and the need to participate in related and important\nactivities of the Branch. However, completion of reports covering the most important areas of the East Kootenay range studies is expected in 1972.\nDeer population studies received some attention during the year. The results\nof a computer simulation programme designed at the University of British Columbia,\nlargely on Vancouver Island deer data, indicates that periodic harvests may produce\na variety of benefits which cannot be obtained when deer are maximally harvested\neach year. Although simulation studies do not provide proof of the validity of the\nprinciple of periodic harvests, they do indicate that this management strategy should\nbe field tested. The results of a continuous study of an exploited Vancouver Island\ndeer population have been incorporated into an almost completed manuscript. In\nthis study, hunting and serai succession were found to play almost indistinguishable\nroles in the decline of the population.\nSimulation was also used in an attempt to assess the effects of different kill\nrates on the grizzly bear populations of northern British Columbia. The results of\nthis study are inconclusive even though a workable simulation model was designed.\nThis resulted from a lack of valid data and the consequential need to include several\nassumed mathematical relationships in the operation of the model. Although more\nrefinements are essential to the proper function of the model, the available data\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 41\ntentatively demonstrates a need to reduce the annual harvest of grizzly bears in\nthat portion of the Province represented by the data.\nA student research programme was continued throughout the year resulting in\nthe completion of several studies initiated previously. One such management study\nevaluated some forest practices and forest characteristics in relation to deer use of\nlogged and mature forests. Another completed study established the successional\nstages involved in the reforestation of an East Kootenay winter range, the rates of\nchange and the effects on above-ground productivity of the Premier Ridge big game\nwinter range. Both of these studies have provided practical management information\nwhich will help wildlife managers to predict alterations in wildlife production associated with changes in habitat. Student investigations nearing completion include\na preliminary ecological study of stone sheep in northern British Columbia and a\nsuccessful attempt to model an entire ecosystem in the East Kootenays. The latter\nwill enable managers of forest, grazing, and wildlife resources to evaluate managerial\ndecisions and to predict the effects of various strategies and tactics upon each and\nall of the renewable resources included in the system. Also nearing completion is\nan intensive study of the interaction between mule deer, cattle and bighorn sheep\nin the Ashnola region. This study is the basis for planning and integrating resource\nuses in the Ashnola River region.\nThe technical services provided to the Branch were almost as numerous as they\nwere varied. Research staff have contributed in many ways to the planning of\nresearch and management programmes, to the Canada Land Inventory for both\nwildlife and recreation, and to agencies conducting studies of the effects of impoundments and strip mining on wildlife. In addition, hair and parasite identifications have been provided for enforcement and management staff.\nPublications\nHudson, R. J., P. J. Bandy, and W. D. Kitts. 1971. In vitro detection of hemo-\ncytrotropic antibody in lungworm infected Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep.\nClin, and Exp. Immunol. 8(2): 345-354.\n W. D. Kitts, and P. J. Bandy. 1971. Hypersensitivity mechanisms in\nlungworm (Protostrongylus spp.) infections of the Rocky Mountain bighorn\nsheep. Can. Vet. Med. Assn., Proc. 22nd Ann. Conv.\n 1971. Immunoglobulin response of the Rocky Moun\ntain bighorn sheep. J. Wildl. Dis. 7:171-174.\nTHE CRESTON VALLEY WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT AREA\nMany agencies and a myriad of individuals contributed skills to make this\nyear a most successful and rewarding one at the Creston Valley Wildlife Management Area.\nThis joint Federal-Provincial wildlife management project, with the assistance\nof Ducks Unlimited, concentrates on waterfowl production and management. Dr.\nJ. Hatter and J. S. Tener, Director of the Canadian Wildlife Service, are the two\nmembers of the Management Authority. Advisors from the two organizations are\nmore directly involved with the planning and field operation of the Area.\nFull-time staff on the Area at Creston presently consists of the Supervisor, the\nManager, who started with the Area in June, and a clerk. As many as 55 part-time\npersonnel have been employed.\n DD 42 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nFunds for construction and maintenance are derived from both parent organizations as appropriated moneys and through grants to the Authority's Trust Fund.\nDucks Unlimited contributes through construction projects, as do other organizations.\nBritish Columbia Hydro and Power Authority completed the construction of 95\nnesting islands in Duck Lake, south of the new 2-mile-long cross dyke. The nesting\nislands and the new dyke were planted with grasses for waterfowl nesting cover.\nThe first nesting in the newly created nesting area is expected in the spring of 1972.\nThe new Duck Lake electric pumps, also installed by British Columbia Hydro,\nwere operated continuously for 54 days. The old, permanent, diesel-powered pumps\ndonated to the Area by the Duck Lake Dyking District were also run continuously\nfor five weeks. The pumping is required to comply with an order of the International\nJoint Commission.\nDucks Unlimited continued work on the southernmost dyke in Leach Lake,\none of the four major marshes making up the Area. They also completed an extensive dredging operation and built nearly 3.5 miles of access road.\nThrough Parks Branch assistance under Bill 12, considerable progress was\nmade in the development of long-awaited Summit Creek Park, on the west side of\nthe Area. A toilet building and water works were installed. A sani-station, entrance\nbuilding and maintenance building are nearing completion.\nThe Area's new Administration Centre, designed and being built by the British\nColumbia Department of Public Works, was started in early November. By the\nend of the year, the shell and the waterworks were completed. The construction\ncontract was awarded to a Creston firm which has employed as many as 18 men on\nthe project.\nThe Department of Highways built the new mountain road to the Administration Centre. The Department also completed the new road to the southeast corner\nof Duck Lake.\nImportant regulations pursuant to the Creston Valley Wildlife Management\nArea Act were passed by Order in Council in March. Also passed by Order in\nCouncil were revisions bringing the Act's schedule up to date with the Area's present\nboundary.\nEngineering plans for Corn Creek Marsh were completed. The design for the\ndyking system for Six Mile Slough was initiated by consulting engineers and the\nArea staff and advisors. A large winter-works programme was planned in conjunction with the Canadian Wildlife Service.\nThe maintenance of artificial nesting structures, the allocation of grazing\nprivileges, and the enforcement of regulations were also part of the staff's duties.\nInformal guided tours of the Area for the many tourists and official visitors kept\nthe staff busy during summer evenings and week-ends.\nIt is gratifying to note that as the physical development of the Area proceeds\nand as greater rapport is established with other users of the Area, there is a marked\nimprovement in the community's acceptance of the Creston Valley Wildlife Management Area. The new park, the Administration Centre, dykes and access roads will\nsurely create even greater public interest.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 43\nKAMLOOPS AND CARIBOO REGIONS\nResource Protection\nReports incorporating recommendations for protection of fish and wildlife\nwere completed for all public sustained-yield units within the two regions. They\ndeal primarily with key winter range and critical habitat and the steps that should\nbe taken to provide maximum benefits for wildlife.\nCalifornia bighorn sheep wintering above 7,000-foot level in the Shulaps Range near Lillooet.\nProtection of foreshore of lakes for recreation and .esthetic appeal is an established procedure with 10 chains chosen as an adequate distance for most situations.\nStreams require special attention because the amount of precipitation, slope, and\ntype of vegetation determine the potential damage.\nReferrals of cutting plans allow for detailed recommendations on actual logging\noperations, and it is at this level that requests are made for mid-winter logging on\nwinter range to provide browse, suggested road locations and bridges in preference to\nculverts, green strips along important streams, or other specific suggestions that may\nbe unique to a particular area. Although the need for an integrated approach to\nresource utilization is steadily growing, we still haven't got through to the bulldozer\noperator or the man on the power saw. That must be an objective for the '70's.\nSome 26 lakes and tributary streams within the Nehalliston Provincial Forest\nwere surveyed, and this inventory will continue for another two or three years.\nMoreover, a number of lakes were checked near Bonaparte. With some knowledge\nof future logging extensions on the Bonaparte plateau, the region is attempting to\ncatalogue information on lakes, streams, and winter range so that meaningful recommendations can be made when logging plans are referred to the region for comment.\nWith limited access the surveying of lakes and streams on the plateau is a slow\nand tiresome process with back-packing the only means of getting around. But\ninitial data suggest most lakes are unproductive.\n DD 44 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nManagement\nFisheries\nA number of projects were started or completed to better understand and influence factors affecting abundance of some important species. Removal of debris\nfrom streams got under way, ably supported in many instances by members of local\nfish and game clubs. The purpose was to improve spawning conditions, thereby\nreducing the need for heavy stockings. Stream clearance will be an almost annual\nactivity because there are so many areas needing this sort of attention.\nA pile-line was dug in the lower end of Heffley Creek leading from a collecting\nbox about 200 yards from the lake. The lower section of the creek goes dry in\nearly August just as fry are emerging and most small trout are trapped in pools\nthat soon dry up. The pipe-line will span the dry section and carry small trout\nsafely to the lake.\nA control structure was built on the stream diversion into Salmon Lake to\nregulate flow during spring run-off and thereby protect the channel. It was dug in\n1966 to provide aerated water and a channel via which small trout could safely\nreach the lake. Frequent winter kills have been eliminated as well as a need for\nstocking. However, a controlled flow will reduce channel erosion which was substantial during May and June.\nMany Interior lakes are used for water storage and resultant outlet dams prevent adults and fry from returning to the lake. Often they end up instead on fields\nor dry stream beds. Engineering studies were completed on a number of outlets\nand structures designed to prevent these downstream losses which, for some of our\nmost important fisheries, are substantial.\nTagging of large rainbow in Little Horsefly River produced some valuable\ninformation on movements and origin of these fish.\nThe Dean River was surveyed to assess: (a) the effectiveness of headwaters\nclosures for steelhead protection and, (b) feasibility of \"green strips\" to maintain\nwater quality. Past logging methods on the lower Dean leave much to be desired,\nbut improved resource liaison should provide better protection for the fishery.\nAll field personnel were involved in resource protection. The Regions worked\nclosely with all Provincial agencies, especially the Forest Service, to minimize effects\nof logging on lakes, streams, and winter range. In addition, a close liaison with\nFederal Fisheries helps to curb industrial pollution affecting trout and salmon waters.\nPublic Awareness\nThe summer of 1971 created a public awareness of wildlife and the Branch\nthrough the abundance of black bear. With few berries in the hills, many bears\ndecided to give civilization a whirl, much to the chagrin of ranchers, resort operators, and campers. While foraging for food they were often unwelcome guests and\nthe Branch was constantly on call to protect families, property, and stock. Occasionally unco-operative bears had to be destroyed. This angered a lot of people and\nproduced a fair amount of unfavourable news but the conflict between safety and\nsentiment is inevitable.\nA resume of fish culture in Region 3 over the past two decades was prepared\nand it becomes abundantly clear that few natural fisheries exist in this arid part of\nthe Province. With few exceptions, most of the key fishing lakes are a result of improvement work and (or) annual stocking.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 45\nWildlife\nA start was made on grizzly inventory of Management Area 17 near Rivers\nInlet. The bears concentrate along salmon streams in September and October and\nit is probable that the number of grizzly along these streams represents the main\npopulation for a substantial area. Track measurements and counts were made but\nthis first effort was largely exploratory\u00E2\u0080\u0094getting to know what streams grizzly concentrate on and how fast a human can run when hotly pursued.\nThe Watch Lake grouse study was terminated after four years and data are\npresently being analysed. The purpose was to correlate grouse numbers with climate\nand insect abundance. Available food may be the main factor limiting chick survival. Results should enhance accuracy of predictions prior to opening of season.\nWe are participating in a study of deer-cattle relationships on the multi-use\nreserve north of Kamloops Lake with Grazing Division of the Forest Service and\nFederal Department of Agriculture. Because of involvement of the experimental\nstation, it is possible to get some excellent data under controlled conditions which\nwould be impossible otherwise.\nGeneral\nWhile a few of the highlights have been mentioned, the main field of activity\nis protection of the fish and wildlife resource through enforcement of regulations,\nchecking applications for land and water, curbing water pollution, and co-operating\nwith other government agencies. This watchdog role, while only a part of total\nmanagement, is in itself an awesome task.\nPRINCE GEORGE REGION\nDuring 1971 the northern region of the Fish and Wildlife Branch continued\nits programme of close liaison between government resource agencies and industries\naimed at providing better communication at the regional level. Through this programme, a broader understanding and more unified approach to multiple resource\nuse is being developed within those departments and industries involved in the\nharvesting and management of renewable resources, as well as in the extraction of\nnonrenewable resources.\nIn the field of interdepartmental co-operation, the largest single advance has\ninvolved stream protection during timber harvesting. To this end, a formal forestry-\nfishery referral system was established in the Prince George Region in late 1970\nwhereby timber sale harvesting licences, cutting permits, etc. are referred by the\nForest Service to the Fish and Wildlife Branch and to the Federal Fisheries Service\nfor comment and recommendations prior to harvesting. The referral system applies\nthroughout the northern region which encompasses both the Prince George and\nPrince Rupert Forest Districts. Details have been worked out independently with\nthe two forest districts involved so that differences in forest harvesting policy and\nmethods between the two districts (one Coastal, one Interior) can be taken into\naccount. Although many shortcomings still exist in the referral system it has, in its\nfirst year of operation, reduced habitat deterioration in many important fish-\nproducing streams. The largest single difficulty with the system is the Branch's\ninability due to its limited and widely dispersed field staff to examine and assess\nthe potential effects of the many timber-harvesting proposals in this geographically\nwidespread area.\n DD 46 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nOther interdepartmental referrals such as placer-mining applications and pollution control permit applications have been somewhat improved during 1971. The\nmajority of these have concerned the maintenance of acceptable water quality\nstandards for aquatic life. However, considerable further improvement is required\nin this area; many operations are either not yet under permit or, if they are, have\nfailed to report to what degree the Branch's recommendations have been acknowledged and put into effect.\nIn the field of mineral and petroleum extraction and exploration, negotiations\ninvolving environmental problems have been largely carried out with individual\nindustrial firms. These negotiations have been effective and mutually beneficial\nwith those companies which have recognized multiple resource values and have\nsincerely attempted to minimize environmental damage in their planning. Unfortunately many companies operating in northern British Columbia have not responded in this fashion. Unnecessary environmental degradation, particularly in\nthe field of exploration, remains largely uncontrolled and a major threat to the\nmaintenance of fish and wildlife habitat and recreational capability.\nIn the field of wildlife management, recent modifications to the moose hunting\nseason appear to be stabilizing the harvest within the capabilities of the existing\nmoose population in central British Columbia. However, the distribution of harvest\ncontinues to be disproportionally centred around main access routes. It is expected\nthat this too can be improved upon in the near future when smaller management\nsubunits may be introduced. A somewhat shorter season in central British Columbia\nhas also diverted some of the hunting pressure into the northern part of the Province\nwhere moose populations are more dense and, except along main access routes,\nstill underharvested.\nOne of the major problems in maintaining stable moose populations is the\ncontinuing loss of habitat to other forms of land use incompatible to moose production. This is particularly the case in valley bottoms which constitute critical\nwinter range. With co-operation from other resources agencies, it is hoped that\nthese losses can be held to a minimum in future.\nThe 1971 harvest of all other wildlife species in the northern region, with the\nexception of stone sheep and grizzly bear, appeared to be well within acceptable\nlimits for existing populations. Both stone sheep and grizzly bear appear to be at\nor near maximum acceptable harvest levels in most areas and have possibly exceeded\nthis limit in some locations. While both species are hunted as trophies, the impact\nupon stone sheep can be better controlled due to the selection for mature males.\nFuture grizzly seasons will have to be more rigidly controlled.\nThe 1971 season was an exceptional one for nuisance black bear, presumably\nbrought on by a combination of larger-than-average numbers and adverse climatic\nconditions. An estimated 600 black bear were either destroyed or removed from\nproblem areas and several thousand complaints were answered in the northern\nregion during June, July, and August.\nStudies of mountain goat populations in west and east central British Columbia\nover the past two years have indicated that as yet they have successfully withstood\nhunting pressures. However, rapidly increasing road access to these populations\ncould quickly lead to excessive exploitation if adequate controls are not applied.\nFor this purpose, a temporary closure to hunting has been initiated in the Nass Range\nto allow the region sufficient opportunity to investigate the possibility of establishing\nharvest quotas for the general area. In this process, a goat refuge has been established in the Mount Priestly area of the Nass River region. This refuge is becoming\nreadily accessible and affords an excellent opportunity for photographers and\nnaturalists to pursue their form of recreation in a unique habitat.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 47\nStill in the planning phase for specialized management are (1) a number of\nwildlife management reserves in the Peace River area, (2) a multiple agency and\nforest industry plan to determine the best methods of removing timber, with minimum ecological disruption, from a previously virgin watershed in the Slim-Tumuch\nLakes area east of Prince George, and (3) the establishment of \"trophy\" fishing\nareas in some lakes and streams where populations of exceptionally large or unique\nsports fish exist.\nEnforcement activities have been increased to some degree in the northern\nregion. The more numerous prosecutions in 1971 probably reflect the rapidly\nincreasing local population, the greater mobility of the total population, and the\nincreased hunting and fishing opportunities made available by improved access\nwithin the northern part of the Province. The first year of operation of a flying\nconservation officer had considerable effect in some of the previously inaccessible\nareas, particularly in identifying resource misuse problems. However, before these\nflights can be fully effective, some additional ground-based enforcement staff is\nrequired for the northwest portion of the region.\nThe single greatest requirement in the northern region is for accelerated inventory of both sports fish and wildlife and their respective critical habitat requirements. Although this inventory is continuously being carried out, the region's\ncurrent capabilities cannot keep pace with the rapid advance of access, industrial\ndevelopment, and associated demands for the protection of recreational capabilities,\nparticularly in the northeast part of the Province. It is essential that such information be gathered, made available, and applied if any real attempt to minimize\ndegradation to fish and wildlife habitat is to be implemented in conjunction with\nresource development in northern British Columbia.\nVANCOUVER ISLAND REGION\nThere was steady progress in the development of fisheries, wildlife, and enforcement programmes designed to achieve realization of the Branch's objectives on Vancouver Island.\nThe region demonstrated its willingness to respond to social needs in its wildlife management programme by providing special areas in which only buck deer\ncould be hunted. The initiation of special patrols and concentration of enforcement\npersonnel in areas of high hunter and fishermen use has improved enforcement\nefficiency and the fishery management section have concentrated on providing a\nstream inventory. Inter-resource co-operation has increased and the development\nof a working liaison with the Forest Service, regional districts, and the forest industry\nhas provided the Branch for the first time an opportunity to effectively protect and\nmanage fish and wildlife in this region.\nSome of the regional research and habitat protection activities are as follows:\nAnnual meetings were held with most logging company divisions to discuss the\ncompanies development plans and how these may affect fish and game habitat.\nThese meetings have helped greatly to improve communication and understanding\nand resolve problems before they occur. They are attended by industry personnel,\nForest Service personnel, Department of Fisheries field officers and conservation\nofficers, and biologists of this Branch.\nA substantial section of timber was left along the Heber River by negotiation\nwith the Forest Service to provide winter cover for elk.\n DD 48 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nFor the first time, production of reports containing recommendations for the\nprotection of fish and wildlife values in conjunction with logging of major watersheds were concluded before logging started; for example, the White River, Nahmint\nRiver, Cypre River, and Upper Gold River watershed reports.\nPlans were developed to replant the denuded Ucona Valley elk range with\nforage species favourable to elk, to commence in early 1972.\nAn experiment in planting willow in an attempt to stabilize the delta of the Elk\nRiver, an important area of elk range which has been eroding as a result of the\ncontinual raising and lowering of Upper Campbell Lake, has commened.\nResearch into the various aspects of the life history of steelhead in the Big\nQualicum River continued.\nA Canada goose transplant programme was launched, by which it is hoped\npopulations may be re-established at suitable Vancouver Island locations. A total\nof 22 subadults were set free in the Nimpkish Valley in the first attempt.\nDetailed elk range investigations were initiated as a follow-up to the Canada\nLand Inventory. A two-man crew looked at elk range in various Vancouver Island\nlocations (logged and unlogged and on both east and west coasts).\nA deer winter-range study was started in co-operation with the University of\nBritish Columbia Forestry Faculty. This practical investigation will provide information on deer habitat requirements in mature and regenerating forests and\nthereby improve the quality of Branch input into cutting plans.\nA research programme on the effects of log booms on fish and fish-food organisms on the bottom of Cowichan Lake was completed and the results have been\nsummarized.\nA complete census of native swans (largely trumpeters) wintering on Vancouver Island was completed.\nComputer programmes designed to provide a more detailed analysis of deer\nage-class data collected at road checks were completed.\nIn addition to the habitat protection and research programmes listed above,\nBranch personnel were involved in manipulating the cropping of wildlife by adjusting\nseasons, based upon road checks, hunter samples, and other data as follows:\nThe elk season was closed on Vancouver Island. This action (necessary because of increasing evidence that hunting was adversely affecting some herds) may\nhave been a retrograde step rather than an advance, since there is definitely a har-\nvestable surplus of animals in many of the herds. A proper harvest system (perhaps\nsome kind of permit system) may allow some hunting in the future.\nThe black brant season was cut back in an attempt to bring back wintering\npopulations of this species.\nParticularly gratifying was the first proof of successful breeding of sea otters\nin British Columbia since their reintroduction in 1969 and 1970. In connection\nwith this transplant a film The Way Back was completed and received wide distribution. The film depicts this region's activities with regard to sea otters.\nDespite progress toward our aims and objectives, many problems remain unsolved. We are still without an effective tool for measuring the social needs and\ndesires of the public in relation to outdoor recreation. Our research programmes\nare inadequate to deal with management demands, especially in terms of supplying\ninformation to inter-resource committees. Inventory work is still incomplete, although much more information has been gathered within the last year. At the\nsame time, destruction of fish and wildlife habitat continues, particularly in estuaries\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 49\nand from the removal of deer and elk winter range. Slash and debris in streams,\nbank damage, erosion and sedimentation, and removal or destruction of streamside\nvegetation are further problems concerning fisheries.\nReported sightings indicate that sea otter are re-establishing themselves in the waters off\nVancouver Island.\nLOWER MAINLAND AND LOWER COAST REGION\nFisheries Management\nThe threat to the fresh-water resources, especially streams, in the Lower Mainland, is not that of the massive, obvious destructive forces of resource development\nsuch as mining or hydro developments, but of the relentless, accumulative effects of\nurbanization and population sprawl. In the Lower Mainland \"progress\" is slowly\neroding away the base of fisheries management, the stream habitat, and alienating\nland previously used for access to fishing areas.\nIn the Lower Mainland the most highly regarded fishery resource values lie\nin the streams. Most fishable Lower Mainland lakes are of the \"put and take\"\nvariety and, as a consequence, little water or fish-habitat management is necessary\non the Lower Mainland lakes.\nAny management or protective measures that have been undertaken on Lower\nMainland lakes have been undertaken on lakes with \".esthetic potential\" or on lakes\nthat have a high or potentially high \"biological potential.\"\nStream protection and stream management are most critical because stream\nhabitat and its populations are not as plastic and resilient as those found in lakes.\nThe streams that are usually most susceptible are the smaller, narrower streams with\nvery small watershed drainage areas. The Surrey-Langley streams and the Sechelt\nstreams are such.\nThese streams are most susceptible to defilement because they are near to or\nsurrounded by incipient burgeoning population centres. As the immediate areas\n DD 50 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nhave developed, the watersheds have deteriorated, the streamside vegetation has\ndisappeared and in-stream habitat has deteriorated. This is especially true in the\nSurrey-Langley area.\nAny plans to conserve, protect, or improve the above streams are at best patchwork. Municipal governments are not always concerned with protection of streams\nfor fish within their jurisdictional areas. Regional districts may, some day, foster\nrecognition of the problems inherent in managing small watersheds, but at present\nthey are also unconcerned. Private landowners cannot be depended upon not to\ndestroy stream environments on their property. The problem is that no single agency\nhas been empowered to manage the stream, its productive capacity and its watershed.\nUnless such an approach is undertaken, the future of many smaller Lower Mainland\nstreams is predictable.\nAside from the problems arising from private land ownership, especially riparian ownership, in 1971, the majority of problems arose from a lack of liaison\nbetween Fish and Wildlife Branch, Department of Highways, Forest Service, and\nland developers. Provincial governmental intra-agency liaison and understanding is\nimproving. In the immediate future however, private land ownership in the areas\nreferred to will supersede all other problems with respect to fisheries management.\nWildlife Management\nEvery form of animal has evolved to occupy a specific habitat type. When wild\nlands are modified by man in his relentless effort to make himself more comfortable\nand secure, the numbers and variety of wildlife diminish.\nDespite the increased concern for environmental quality being shown by its\nresidents, the Lower Mainland Region continues to suffer from habitat deterioration.\nThis is particularly true in the choice agricultural lands near the mouth of the Fraser\nRiver. The estimated 2,000,000 to 3,000,000 waterfowl and shorebirds which\ntraditionally stopover in the area during migration, and the resident pheasant population which is so dependent upon agricultural practices, constantly find less room\nfor nesting, feeding, and escape. Similarly, urbanization and more efficient forestry\npractices are having long range effects upon forest-game populations.\nThe \"conservation conscience\" which has developed so profoundly in the\nLower Mainland, as it has throughout North America, has imposed greater demands\nupon all environmental workers. It is natural that complaints of pollutions, habitat\ndestruction, illegal hunting, and accidental wildlife losses should increase rapidly\nin the region which houses more than one-half of the Province's population. These\ndemands often leave little time for staff specialists to work on preventative or planned management programmes.\nNevertheless, major achievements in securing reserves or co-operatively planned\nland-use developments with government, private, and municipal authorities were\nmade in 1971.\nAttention was focused on waterfowl protection, since this resource has considerable international as well as local significance. Here, co-operation was received\nfrom the Canadian Wildlife Service, Ducks Unlimited (Canada), various regional\ndistricts, and municipal planning officers.\nFurthermore, major working agreements with the British Columbia Forest Service, and private foresters were continued and expanded. We are convinced that\nthese endeavours will lead directly toward the acceptance of wildlife as a primary\nproduct of forest lands rather than an accidental by-product.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971\nDD 51\nSpecific achievements in 1971 can be listed as follows:\nWaterfowl\u00E2\u0080\u0094active promotion at senior government levels, and investigation at\nthe technical level, for waterfowl development of Duck, Barber, and Woodward\nIslands in the South Arm of the Fraser River.\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094planning for development of the Serpentine marsh as a permanent waterfowl\nrefuge, bird-production site, and animal population study area.\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094transplant of 50 young Canada geese from Stanley Park to the Pitt River\nas an initial step in encouraging the species as a wild nester in the region.\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094technical participation in planning the development of the Lulu Island foreshore, Boundary Bay, Canoe Pass, Reifel Refuge, and Burnaby Lake.\nBig game\u00E2\u0080\u0094participation, with the Forest Service, in designing timber-harvesting programmes for the Soo, Yalakom, and Dewdney Public Sustained-yield Units,\nand for various tree-farm licences and timber sales.\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094co-operation with the Forest Service and its Grazing Division is promoting\na transplant of Rocky Mountain elk to the Lytton Mountain area (scheduled for\nautumn, 1972).\nInventory\u00E2\u0080\u0094expansion of a long-range aerial mountain goat inventory within\nthe region.\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094initiation of a coastal grizzly bear inventory along salmon-spawning streams\nin Bute and Toba Inlets.\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094discovery of a small relict herd of California bighorn sheep wintering above\n7,000 feet in the Shulaps Range, Lillooet District.\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094assessment of deer-use of the proposed Moran Dam flood basin.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u0094routine spring inventory of key deer herds.\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094reconnaissance of wildlife potential and habitat description in Kwoiek Creek,\nthe Upper Stave and Upper Pitt Rivers.\nOKANAGAN REGION\nThe increasing tempo of social awareness and of involvement with the wildlife\nresources of the region provided our staff of 12 with increasing work loads in all\nfields of endeavour. The quickening metabolism of interagency planning at all\nlevels of government and with industry both have placed considerable stress upon\nthe undertakings of the professional managers of our regional staff. These elements\nof growth, however rewarding in over-all gain in resource management, are sorely\nstretching our basic responsibilities to the fish and wildlife resources and the public.\nIn order to meet some of the challenges placed upon us by the public and other\nresource agencies alike, we were fortunate to add the services of a full-time fishery\ntechnician. This appointment has enabled our planning counsels to remain responsive to the demand. Additionally, the programme of engagement of special\nconservation officers to assist regular field officers with seasonal peak loads has had\na noticeable effect on staff and public alike. The expectation by the public of higher\nlevels of Branch servicing continues to grow and the demands for enforcement of\nregulations are still being met, due in no small part to the assistance rendered by\nthese part-time Conservation Officers.\nClimatic conditions were favourable for both wildlife and fisheries during the\nyear. A very favourable snowpack in all quarters of the region (Management\nAreas 5, 6, 7, and 8) was beneficial to fisheries and their reproduction. Big-game\npopulations, especially deer, recovered well from the relatively taxing winter of\n1970/71 and in spite of some reduction in harvest opportunities, the hunting season\nwas considered satisfactory. One species, the black bear, was forced by conditions\nstill obscure to lower elevations and presented a threat to many urban communities\n DD 52 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nand agricultural areas. The magnitude of bear complaints by the public was shocking to our small staff which weathered the summer and fall periods without respite.\nIt is obvious to all that more effective techniques for the management of black bear\nwill have to be discussed for peak population years.\nFisheries Management\nOkanagan Basin Agreement\nThis joint Federal-Provincial programme is investigating all problems associated with water quality and quantity in the Okanagan River Basin. Fisheries have\nbeen involved in two tasks, socio-economic and limnology.\nSocio-economic:\nLake history\u00E2\u0080\u0094A report is being completed giving a brief description and\nhistory of each lake in the basin.\nAngler census\u00E2\u0080\u0094This study was designed to estimate the number of anglers\nusing each of the lakes in the basin each year. A summer student was\nemployed to do the actual census, using a combination of both air and\nground counting techniques.\nThe information from this study will be used for two purposes under two tasks:\nSocio-economic\u00E2\u0080\u0094to gain a measure of recreation provided by these lakes;\nLimnology\u00E2\u0080\u0094along with creel census data to determine the total number\nof fish removed from each lake in a year.\nLake history: This is an unofficial task in which regional fishery staff of the\nregion will write a brief history and use description of each Lake in the basin.\nTrout Creek: This was a pilot study in which an attempt was made to produce\na plan by which to study a small watershed.\nRegional Projects\nChain Lake rehabilitation\u00E2\u0080\u0094This highly accessible and heavily used lake is just\ndownstream of Osprey and Link lakes which were rehabilitated in 1969, and when\nthis lake is restocked will complete the rehabilitation of the entire system.\nJewel Lake\u00E2\u0080\u0094This lake is the second most heavily used lake in M.A. 8 (next\nto Christina). A dam was constructed by the Branch to maintain a constant level\non the lake.\nStream clearance\u00E2\u0080\u0094A habitat improvement team of two men was in this region\nfor four days to clear obstructions from spawning streams. In all, four spawning\nstreams were cleared of debris.\nPeachland Creek\u00E2\u0080\u0094This stream is one of the most important rainbow and\nkokanee spawning streams in the basin. By the efforts of two local rod and gun\nclubs, a number of weirs were built in the stream bed and gravel was added to\nimprove the spawning potential of the stream.\nCrater Lake\u00E2\u0080\u0094This is a small lake high in the Ashmola Valley. The lake is very\nshallow, over 90 per cent of its area, thus restricting fish to 10 per cent of the lake\nin winter. An agreement has been reached with the Water Rights Branch whereby\nthey are designing a small dam to raise the level of this lake.\nForest Service\u00E2\u0080\u0094An unusual amount of time was spent inspecting logging\noperations in counsel to local forest rangers and conservation officers.\nOyama Lake\u00E2\u0080\u0094A major first occurred concerning the future development of\nthis lake. The Forest Service called a meeting of all resource agencies that might\nbe involved in the future development of Oyama lake. All representatives met and\ndiscussed such things as cabin development and access to this lake and then as a\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 53\ngroup, made recommendations to the Forest Service. The Forest Service would\nthen make up a 5-, 10-, 15-year management plan based on the composite recommendations.\nBritish Columbia Hydro\u00E2\u0080\u0094In co-operation with Federal fisheries officers, a\ncase was prepared on the damage caused by flushing the forebay of the Shuswap\nFalls Dam. Every second year British Columbia Hydro would flush the silt from\nthe impoundment which would settle on the spawning beds just downstream, killing\nthe ova and fry of salmon, trout, and whitefish while still in the gravel, as well as\nkilling many of the adult fish in the immediate downstream area. British Columbia\nHydro has agreed to try some different methods of removing the silt.\nWater licences\u00E2\u0080\u0094Water licences for the storage of water to provide stable water\nlevels or more water in a lake were obtained by the Branch for two lakes in the\nregion, Jewel and Crater. In addition, a water licence was obtained for the remaining 6 cubic feet per second in Peachland Creek, one of the last remaining kokanee\nspawning streams in the Okanagan Basin. This is one of the few times the Branch\nhas obtained a water licence for spawning kokanee, and the occasion constitutes an\nadministrative breakthrough which will favour fishery management in the future.\nWildlife Management\nInterdepartmental Co-operation\nIncreased recognition of wildlife and the Fish and Wildlife Branch by other\nagencies has probably been one of the year's highlights. Repeated meetings with\nRegional District Technical Planning Committees and frequent discussions with\nboth Forest Service and Grazing Division have furthered the needs of wildlife in\nthis region.\n(1) The most obvious success this year was the granting by Crown Zellerbach\nwith endorsement by the Forest Service, of a 3,000-acre reserve on grasslands in the\nShorts Creek area. This critical range for California bighorns lies within Crown\nZellerbach's Tree Farm Licence 9.\n(2) An aerial survey and discussions with the Forest Service, Parks Branch,\nand Regional District staff enabled a reasonably consistent approach to further park\ndevelopment in the Ashnola.\n(3) Following an elk release in M.A. 8, the Forest Service and Grazing Division, with our staff, met as a unified body at a public meeting to present the pros\nand cons of additional elk in the Granby watershed.\n(4) Co-operation between the Forest Service and the Fish and Wildlife Branch\nhas resulted in a programme of controlled burning on a deer winter range near\nLumby, and modified logging practices on the Upper Shuswap moose winter range.\nThis latter programme will ensure that winter cover will be left for moose.\n(5) Discussions with the joint Federal-Provincial Okanagan Basin Study led\nto the engagement of a private consultant to conduct the wildlife aspects of the study.\nWildlife Investigations\nInvestigations into the needs of the Okanagan wildlife continue annually.\nTwenty deer were tagged during 1971 near Princeton, and we have now marked\n35 deer. Tagged deer aid in describing migratory and mortality patterns. Sheep\nmanagement research in the Ashnola area has shown the population is steady, although the lamb crop is declining. Cattle removal has allowed a continuing improvement of the lower grasslands but, as yet, there has been no numerical response in\nthe sheep herd.\n DD 54 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nThe long-term inventory of the deer winter ranges of the region reached a\nplateau of accomplishment with the production of maps of the region showing all\nknown deer winter ranges. This invaluable information has been distributed to other\ngovernment agencies and now provides the basis for intensive land management\nproposals for range improvement.\nInvestigation of Okanagan pheasant populations has been drastically curtailed,\nalthough the pheasant is still an important game bird. Pheasant habitat is virtually\nall privately owned and, with changing farm practices, and loss of agricultural and\nwild land to suburban development, areas of good pheasant habitat are rapidly\ndwindling. As a result, populations are declining.\nRegulation Changes\nConsumptive use of the wildlife resource is constantly re-examined in light of\n(a) social needs and (b) limitations or opportunities set by the animal populations\nthemselves. This is best exemplified by deer herds in M.A. 8. A declining mule deer\nherd and a steady but difficult-to-hunt whitetail herd prompted a closure on antler-\nless mule deer and provided only a short antlered mule deer season. We allowed a\nsecond opening for whitetails only from mid-November to mid-December. The\nAshnola subunit of M.A. 7 gave us the opportunity to extend an antlerless mule deer\nseason. During most years limited access allows only a very light harvest in the\nAshnola. Because spring ranges are heavily used by deer it was decided to extend\nthe antlerless season from one week to four weeks in 1971 in order to increase the\nharvest. An unusually heavy, early snowfall pushed the deer onto accessible ranges\nand an acceptable harvest was taken in two weeks rather than the four weeks provided for, and the season was foreclosed on reaching the harvest quota.\nAnimal Releases\nHunters are constantly examining the possibilities of upgrading their hunting\nopportunities by the introduction of new species. The Armstrong and District Fish\nand Game Association imported some adult Merriam's turkeys, and they successfully\nraised about 75 young birds of which 50 were released near Armstrong. It remains\nto be seen whether or not these birds will survive in the North Okanagan.\nHarvests\nGenerally, except for mule deer in Management Area 8 and native grouse\nthroughout the region, harvests were higher this year than last.\nBighorn sheep\u00E2\u0080\u0094The ram harvest from the Vaseux and Ashnola herds was up\nfrom last year and we estimate there were 30 rams taken from the two herds.\nDeer\u00E2\u0080\u0094Throughout most areas of the Okanagan, early November snows coincided with the antlerless season. As a result, deer were pushed onto their lower,\naccessible ranges and heavy harvests were recorded.\nPheasants\u00E2\u0080\u0094Hunting pressure has been declining for the past few years, but for\nthose hunters who had access onto private lands in 1971 hunter success was better\nthan last year.\nNative grouse\u00E2\u0080\u0094Populations were down in all areas from last year, and harvest\nis estimated to be about 50 per cent of last year's.\nRegional Protection Officer Activities\nThe all-embracing administrative function continues to grow and demand an\never-increasing commitment of time. This function, which includes writing reports,\ncorrespondence, issuing guides' and trappers' licences, answering public inquiries,\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 55\nand clerical work attached to the processing of court cases, consumes an average of\n30 per cent of all conservation officers' time.\nEnforcement\nTwenty per cent of conservation officer time was spent in field enforcement of\nvarious regulations. Programming of enforcement has been undertaken through an\neffort to measure activity initiated in the form of random night patrols.\nMounted patrols were utilized in the Ashnola area during opening of deer\nseason and again during the sheep season. Such patrols perform the service of\nincreasing levels of law observance and increasing contacts with the public in actual\nhunting situations. They also serve the purpose of giving regional people an opportunity to become acquainted with special species seasons in small areas. This will\nbecome increasingly necessary as more intensive management practices emerge.\nThe use of special conservation officers has increased our ability to utilize two-\nman patrols for night work, relief for regular conservation officers for days off and\nvacations, and for increased patrol activity in peak seasonal periods.\nThe installation of mobile radio sets in conservation officer vehicles has enhanced enforcement operations. It has also increased our daily contact and rapport\nwith RCMP considerably and thus lent their support to our enforcement efforts.\nKOOTENAY REGION\nWildlife Resource Protection\nThe wildlife resources of the Kootenay Region, like other regions of British\nColumbia are being affected by rapid human expansion. Wilderness species such\nas mountain caribou and grizzly bear are the most seriously affected by man's\nactivities while specific populations of all forms of wildlife have come into conflict\nand have been reduced or eliminated.\nThe expansion of strip-mining for coal in the Elk Valley, massive hydro-electric\nprojects and the extension of logging into middle- and high-elevation stands of mature timber is resulting in significant losses of wildlife habitat. Live-stock grazing\non major big-game winter ranges coupled with rapid forest succession on previously\nlogged and (or) burned areas in the East Kootenay continue to depress the wildlife\npopulations dependent upon these ranges. Development of private lands for industrial and residential purposes also contribute to the problem by reducing the acreage\navailable to live stock and wildlife.\nConsiderable progress toward an interdepartmental approach to resource management has been made through the Kootenay Resources Committee and the Technical Subcommittee on Environment and Land Use. Government Departments responsible for the management and use of land, water, and air are being made aware\nof the influence their decisions have on the wildlife resources. Closer liaison between\ndepartments with conflicting interests provides the opportunity for the Branch to\nsuggest ways of minimizing harmful effects or increasing beneficial effects of certain\ntypes of resource extraction.\nWildlife populations do not recognize political boundaries and as the Kootenay\nRegion borders three American states and one Canadian province, closer liaison is\nalso required with neighbouring game agencies. The signing of the International\nMountain Caribou Study Agreement by the Fish and Wildlife Branch and several\nAmerican federal and state government departments was an important step in the\ndirection of closer co-operation in wildlife management. The study which will be\nconducted through the University of Idaho, is designed to obtain important informa-\n DD 56 BRITISH COLUMBIA\ntion on the status, ecology, and requirements of the international mountain caribou\nherd of the Selkirk Mountains. The Agreement also involves financial support and\nrepresentation of local and American sportsmen's organizations.\nWildlife Management\nIncreasing demands for wildlife, improved access and declining wildlife populations have resulted in major changes in hunting seasons within the past few years.\nMajor changes in 1971 seasons included a fall grizzly closure, shortened cougar\nseasons, closure of mountain goats in the West Kootenay and the closure of antlerless\nelk in the East Kootenay. Programmes to monitor the results of these changes are\npresently inadequate, although general public reaction has been positive.\nBighorn sheep appear to be making a slow recovery following the 1964-67\ndie-offs. Counts of sheep have shown a gradual increase in almost all affected herds,\nwhile bighorn numbers in the unaffected areas have remained stable.\nTransplants of elk from Banff National Park were made in the Christina Lake\nbasin (Okanagan Region) and in the 36,000-acre Deer Park wildlife-management\nreserve on Lower Arrow Lake. The releases involved 50 elk at Christina Lake and\n36 elk at Deer Park.\nDetailed management plans were prepared for three of the four parcels of\nproperty owned by the Branch in the East Kootenay. General clean-up and rehabilitation of the properties were undertaken in 1971.\nA committee representing sportsmen of the Trail district, the Forest Service\nGrazing Division and the Fish and Wildlife Branch was established to investigate\nland-use problems involving wildlife and live stock on Crown lands in the Pend\nd'Orielle of the West Kootenay.\nFish Habitat Protection\nMining\u00E2\u0080\u0094The Fish and Wildlife Branch, as a member of the Land-use Committee, has made several protection recommendations concerning further development of coal mining in the Elk Valley. Silt retention ponds and erosion-control\nhave been emphasized at all strip-mining sites.\nReservoirs\u00E2\u0080\u0094A preliminary report and comments have been made concerning\nthe continuing Kootenay Canal project, west of Nelson. Sport fishing data were\ncollected on the Arrow Lakes Reservoir in order to evaluate effects of Hugh Keen-\nleyside Dam. Continued surveillance of Kootenay Lake water quality continues as\na follow-up of Duncan dam reservoir.\nFish Habitat Improvement\nFry production in the Meadow Creek spawning channel was determined at 6.3\nper cent, the lowest production rate in four years operation. Siltation of the channel has reduced fry production and gravel cleaning operations took place in August\nof 1971 to improve fry survival.\nThe 1971 adult kokanee run moved into Meadow Creek in record numbers.\nAlmost 1,000,000 fish entered the system, some 300,000 more than the previous\nrecord of 1970. The 1971 kokanee were the first returns from fish which spawned\nin the channel in 1967. Initial returns to the channel suggest high success of the\nartificial channel.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971\nDD 57\nFish Culture\nApproximately 2,000 yearling rainbow trout were released back into the Duncan River (north end of Kootenay Lake). These fish are the progeny of the large\nrainbow trout captured in the Duncan River in 1970. Since no spawning habitat\nremains below the Duncan Dam, the Fish and Wildlife Branch has decided to\ncollect the returning spawners and artificially raise the eggs. In the spring of 1971\nsome 27 fish ranging from 8 to 27 pounds were captured and stripped of eggs.\nRiver Survey\nA two-man summer survey crew spent two months on the Upper Elk River\nevaluating the fisheries resource and use of this system. An intensive study of the\nproductivity of the Elk River was also conducted.\nKootenay Lake Fishery\nContinued surveillance of this important sport fishery continued through 1971.\nRecord catches for ling, kokanee, and large rainbow were noted in 1971, with total\ncatch exceeding 100,000 fish.\nWILDLIFE LAW ENFORCEMENT\nStaff\nSeventy-one conservation officers, senior conservation officers, and regional\nprotection officers of the six regions comprise the uniformed field staff members\nmost concerned with direct \"people management.\" Eleven qualified persons of\nknown experience were hired as temporary conservation officers to assist in seasonal\nand high-density enforcement situations.\nCommunications\nMobile radio communications have proven a most valuable aid, especially when\nconservation officer staff are linked with RCMP. As well as a new base station at\nBurnaby in 1971, four Okanagan conservation officers were provided with units of\nhigher power than previously available. Units are now installed in vehicles of all\nconservation officers of the Lower Mainland Region, Vancouver Island Region, four\nin the Okanagan Region, one in the Kootenay Region, three in Kamloops Region,\nfour in Prince George Region, and one in a leased floatplane.\nAircraft Patrol\nSince May 1, 1971, a leased Cessna 180 floatplane has been utilized in northern\nBritish Columbia by the pilot-conservation officer. A new aircraft communications\nradio, necessary to improve flight safety, has worked well. This aircraft has greatly\nincreased the mobility of the northern conservation officers, improved our public\nrelations, and positively increased enforcement of angler-hunting-guiding regulations. The following table summarizes the results of utilization of the aircraft for\neight months and reveals that 14 per cent of hunters contacted, 5.4 per cent of\nanglers, and 5 per cent of all persons contacted were in violation.\nUtilization of Branch Aircraft\nFlight days\t\nTotal persons contacted\n74\n946\n DD 58 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nAnglers\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nResident \t\n 236\nNonresident \t\n 100\nViolations\t\n 18\nWarnings\t\n 9\nFish\t\n 848\nHunters\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nResident \t\n 42\nNonresident \t\n 49\nViolations \t\n 13\nWarnings\t\n 15\nGame \t\n 33\nAir time (hours)\t\n__. 213.55\nAircraft observed\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nCanadian\t\n 66\nUnited States _ _ __ \t\n 21\nAircraft checked\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nCanadian _ _ __ _ _\n__ _ 25\nUnited States\t\n 17\nGuides __\n.__ _ 38\nTrappers\n.__ _ 4\nLodges and camps _\n 71\nTotal violations\n. _ 47\nTotal warnings\t\n27\nHelicopter Flight Reports\nFor the last three years a regulation under the Wildlife Act has required the\npilot of a helicopter to submit by mail within seven days of his return from any flight\nfor the transportation of persons for hunting, trapping, or nontidal angling, or the\ntransportation of game or fish, a flight report on a specific form.\nA summary of these\nreports again reveals a small number of reports and the usual preponderance of use\nby our own residents.\nForms submitted _ \t\n 72\nHunters\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nResident \t\n 121\nNonresident \t\n 47\nTrappers _ _ \u00E2\u0080\u0094_ \t\n Nil\nAnglers \u00E2\u0080\u0094\nResident \t\n 6\nNonresident \t\n 4\nGame transported __ __\n 77\nFish transported , _.\n 38\nGame Transported\nMoose\u00E2\u0080\u009413 males, 6 females; caribou\u00E2\u0080\u00945 males, 1 female\nsheep\u00E2\u0080\u009410; goat\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n28 males, 6 females; elk\u00E2\u0080\u00943 males; deer\u00E2\u0080\u00943 males; grizzly bear-\n-1 male; black bear\n\u00E2\u0080\u00941 male.\nFish Transported\nSteelhead, 7; coho, 1; cutthroat, 8; Dolly Varden, 22.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971\nDD 59\nWildlife Sanctuaries and \"No Shooting\" Areas\nDuring 1971, four wildlife sanctuaries were created under the Wildlife Act\nwhile four \"No Shooting\" Areas were provided by authority of the Firearms Act.\nHunting Casualties\nNonfirearms and Animal\nOne person (not hunting) killed by a bear which he may have surprised.\nOne juvenile (not hunting) killed by an emaciated cougar.\nOne hunter drowned.\nOne hunter succumbed to heart attack from over-exertion.\nOne person (not hunting) suffered an injured knee when frightened by a bear.\nFirearms\u00E2\u0080\u0094\"In which a person is injured by a hunting weapon outside the\nhome and arising from the activity of hunting, including travel to and from the\nhunting field.\"\nEleven fatal\u00E2\u0080\u0094Self-inflicted when mounting horse, .308; son shot father, 30/06,\naction pending; father shot son, .270, action pending; husband play-aimed his rifle\nat wife in kitchen window, .303, licence cancelled; passenger checking loaded .22 in\nmoving vehicle, driver prosecuted; juvenile rabbit hunter self-inflicted when stumbled, 30/30; two hunters (one killed and one seriously injured) in drifting boat\nmistaken for moose, 30/06, pending; juvenile grouse hunter shot by father, .22,\npending; juvenile bear hunter self-inflicted when stumbled, 30/30; nonhunter, out\nof sight of deer hunter, 30/30, no charge or licence action; self-inflicted, crossing\nfence, .410.\nSix serious injury\u00E2\u0080\u0094Partner mistaken for moose, 30/06, pending; juvenile mistaken for deer by juvenile brother, 44/40, prosecution and licence cancellation;\nvictim after dark jumped from behind bush to scare partner, 12 gauge, prosecution\nand licence cancellation; partner fumbled unloading and shot victim in foot, 30/06,\npending; duck hunter stumbled in brush and shot partner, 12 gauge, prosecution\nand licence cancellation.\nOne not serious injury\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ricochet by grouse hunt partner, .22, prosecution\nand licence cancellation.\nNote\u00E2\u0080\u0094RCMP now request an eyesight exam and two of those involved as\nabove were found \"colour deficient.\"\nSummary Firearms Hunting Casualties, 1968\u00E2\u0080\u009471\nYear\nFatal\nSerious\nNot\nSerious\nTotal\nRate per\n100,000\nLicences\nTotal\nLicences\n1968. ... - . \t\n1969 \t\n1Q70\n8\n8\n5\n11\n4\n11\n3\n6\n11\n12\n9\n1\n23\n31\n17\n18\n15.1\n19.5\n10.4\n10.91\n151,946\n158,672\n163,308\n165,0001\n1971 -\ni Estimated.\nComparison Note\u00E2\u0080\u0094Idaho State reports its rate per 100,000 licences in 1970\nwas 22.7, in 1969 it was 24.\nLICENCE CANCELLATIONS\nHunting licences may be cancelled for cause under a provision of the Wildlife\nAct. Where the hunter training course is available, successful completion has been\n DD 60\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\na condition of reinstatement in addition to a time period of from one year to life.\nIn 1971, 34 hunting licences were cancelled for violation while five were cancelled\narising out of firearms hunting casualties.\nProsecutions\nSome 712 cases were handled by the Wildlife Act and Firearms Act ticket\nsystem; this was 86 per cent of the total 1971 prosecutions. The balance comprises\nthose offences (mostly Federal) which lack statutory provisions to utilize the ticket\nsystem.\nThe total number of prosecutions is down slightly from 1970; however, this is\nmore than offset by the increase in total fines.\nProsecutions\nFines\nMost Frequent Violations\nConvicted\nDismissed\nTotal\nAverage\nLoaded\nFirearm in\nMotor-vehicle\nLack of\nAngler's\nLicence\n1 .'6Jt\n762\n812\n834\n825\n9\n15\n12\n14\n29,645\n31,094\n35,282\n38,181\n38.90\n38.29\n42.30\n46.78\nPer Cent\n35.0\n27.0\n27.9\n33.3\nPer Cent\n19.0\n1969 \t\n24.2\n1070\n29.4\n1971\n21.0\nJunior Firearms Safety-training Programme\nSince 1960 the Branch and the British Columbia Wildlife Federation have\nsponsored a training programme aimed specifically at educating juveniles in the safe\nhandling of firearms and basic hunting safety. The following table indicates the\nreduced involvement of \"under 18\" shooters.\nShooter Age-group Comparison\nUnder 18___\n1957-61\nPer Cent\n 42\n1962-66\nPer Cent\n25.2\n17.8\n22.0\n35.0\n1967-71\nPer Cent\n22.2\n18-21\t\n22-30\t\n . 21\n 14\n22.2\n17.6\nOver 30\t\n 23\n38.0\nSome 2,000 youngsters graduated from the junior programme during 1971.\nThe members of rod and gun clubs who organized and acted as instructors of the\njunior programme deserve a vote of thanks.\nPUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION\nInformation and education is entering a new era of public involvement.\nGrowing concern for environmental deterioration is increasingly expressed as a\nconcern for fish and wildlife, and as the condition of their immediate environment\ndeteriorates, more people are looking to the integrity of natural systems and populations as a measure of the quality of life. Furthermore, the connection between\nwildlife habitat and human habitat means that the distress of wildlife indicates a\nthreat to man's own security and survival.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 61\nThe Fish and Wildlife Branch is increasingly recognized as the agency most\ninvolved in these issues and is being sought at both professional level and by a\nconcerned general public. At the same time it is clear that the successful execution\nof Branch activities demands the attention and understanding of these same groups;\nwe must reach co-operative solutions to mutual problems. These are all communication problems and the new objectives of the Information and Education Section.\nInformation Activities\nCirculation of the Branch Monthly Activity Report has increased to 1,000\ncopies. This report goes to all newspapers, radio and television stations, all staff\nmembers, as well as to interested members of the public.\nTwelve editions of the monthly newsletter were prepared for distribution.\nApproximately 1,000 various types of inquiries and requests were attended to\neach month.\nMany of our general information pamphlets were updated and several new\nones created.\nSeveral news releases were prepared each month covering Branch programmes,\nseason openings, and other topics of current interest. These releases are sent to all\nradio and television stations and newspapers in the Province.\nPromotional Activities\nA public display and information booth was provided at the British Columbia\nWildlife Federation Sport and Vacation Show, held in Vancouver during the first\nweek of May.\nA 16-mm colour and sound film entitled To Catch a Trout was produced illustrating the work of the fish culture section.\nA considerable amount of footage has been taken throughout the Province for\na new film being produced on the general activities of the Fish and Wildlife Branch.\nIt is hoped this new film will be available for distribution by the summer of 1972.\nIn addition, film is being compiled for use in further productions, television spots,\nand in educational programmes.\nThrough the co-operation of the Department of Education, 8,000 copies of\nclassroom lessons, posters, and a booklet on general conservation topics were sent\nto schools in the Province during National Wildlife Week.\nLectures were given during a special travel counsellors' course sponsored by\nthe Department of Travel Industry. These counsellors are from various regions of\nthe Province.\nSeveral hundred talks, slide presentations, and film showings were given by\nmembers of field and headquarters staff to various groups throughout the Province.\nThe portable public information display panels and sample \"skin\" mounts of the\nupland game birds, migratory birds, hawks, owls, and eagles have been in continuous\nuse at sport shows and by conservation officers in the six regions of the Province.\nSeveral other displays have been planned and are awaiting construction.\nHunter Training, Conservation, and Outdoor Safety Programme\n1971. was a busy year for the programme as the evolution of the training course\nand the establishment of training classes throughout the Province continues.\nA wide variety of organizations and educational institutions is now participating\nin the programme and this involvement is expected to increase in 1972. Instructor\nservices are available at over 100 locations throughout British Columbia.\n DD 62\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nSixteen instructor courses were completed in 1971, qualifying 238 instructors.\nThe present complement of 750 instructors has now qualified 3,500 students, and\nthere were 44 student courses in progress at the end of the year.\nThe Fish and Wildlife Branch was host to the seventh annual meeting of the\nCanadian Association of Hunter Training Safety Officers. The convention was held\nin Victoria. Attending delegates reported from the majority of provinces, State of\nIdaho, and Washington, D.C.\nGUIDING INDUSTRY\nThe administration of the guiding industry in 1971 was highlighted with\n(a) the appointment of J. P. Gibault as the Co-ordinator of Guiding\nServices;\n(b) the issuance of the first Guide Outfitter Certificate, granting the\nholder thereof the exclusive right to guide for certain big-game\nanimals within a described territory for a period of 15 years;\n(c) the new schedule of fees for all classes of guide licences which came\ninto effect on April 1, 1970;\n(_.) an amendment to the permit regulations, pursuant to the Wildlife\nAct, authorized the issuance of a permit to a guide outfitter to guide\nin an area other than his guiding territory; this permit authority created the flexibility required in administering the guiding industry,\nand created greater opportunities for guide outfitters to enlarge and\nenhance their operations.\nThe 1971 summary of guide hunter activity is not available at the time of\nwriting but the results for 1970 are compiled and compared to those of previous\nyears.\nSummary of Guide Hunter Activity,\n1967-70\ne\nM\nID\n_Q\n(3\n3\nS3\nu\n><\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2o\n'3\nO\n_}\n<\na i_\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00C2\u00A72\nS 3\n_3.,\no 5\n_. ._\nc c\nO 3\n__a\n4>\no\no\no\nO\n3\nO\n_-\nV\nQ\n0,\ncu\n_>\nJ3\n>.\nN\n0\nu\nm\na\nes\ns\n_.\nW\nS3\nb_\n3\nO\nu\no\no\no\nU\nU-l\nO\nSts\nel\nS 8\n1967.\n696\n722\n195\n5,976\n3,328\n569\n492\n417\n392\n181\n152\n182\n71\n9\n31\n5,774\n6,261\n6,197\n6,119\n94\n1968\t\n698\n827\n204\n6,402\n3,285\n621\n611\n383\n415\n268\n368\n205\n16\n21\n68\n95\n1969- - .\n652\n874\n190\n6,518\n3,158\n695\n681\n333\n465\n246\n306\n231\n79\n5\n48\n94\n1970\t\n585\n861\n172\n6,548\n3,175\n607\n742\n335\n438\n230\n290\n198\n21\n14\n69\n91\n Provincial\nDepartment of Recreation and\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 65\nPARK SYSTEM\n1971 ADDITIONS & DELETIONS\nSTRATHCONA\n3\nCATHEDRAL\nMANNING\n[ MT. SEYMOUR\n1 FORT ST, JOHN HISTORIC PARK \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\n2 GWILUM LAKE RECREATION AREA t\n3.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 FORT MCLEOD HISTORIC PARK \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\n4 STUART LAKE PARK \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nB. LAKELSE LAKE PARK A\n6. KLEANZA CREEK PARK \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\n7, PURDEN LAKE PARK \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\n8 BOWRON LAKE PARK A.\n9. WHITE PELICAN PARK \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\n10 PAUL LAKE PARK A\n11 MISSION FLATS PARK \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\n12._MISSI0N BEACH PARK \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\n13 KOKANEE CREEK PARK A\n14\u00E2\u0080\u0094PILOT BAY PARK A\nIS\u00E2\u0080\u0094CHRISTINA LAKE PARK \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\n16 MOUNT SEYMOUR PARK \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\nIZ\u00E2\u0080\u0094CHASTER PARK A\n18._PORPOIS\u00C2\u00A3 BAY PARK \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\n19.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 SMUGGLERS COVE MARINE PARK\n2C-\u00E2\u0080\u0094.MYRTLE ROCKS PARK A\n21 COPELAND ISLANDS MARINE PARK*\n22 ELK FALLS PARK \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\n23 ECHO BAY MARINE PARK \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\n24.\u00E2\u0080\u0094HELLIWELL PARK A\n25 HORNE LAKE CAVES PARK \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\n26 DRUMBEG PARK \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\n27\u00E2\u0080\u0094WICKANNINISH BEACH PARK \u00E2\u0099\u00A6\n DD 66\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nORIGIN OF CAMPERS VISITING\nPROVINCIAL PARKS AND TYPE\nOF ACCOMMODATION USED\n1971\nORIGIN\nTYPE OF ACCOMMODATION\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 67\nPROPOSED PARK SYMBOLS\n\u00C2\u00AE \u00C2\u00AE \u00C2\u00A9 \u00C2\u00AE\nFIRE-WOOD WATER CHANGE HOUSE PICNICKING\n\u00C2\u00AE \u00C2\u00AE\nAMPHITHEATRE TENTING CAMPING BOAT LAUNCH\nCD\nSANI-STATION TOILETS PARKING BOAT TRAILER\nPARKING\nFISHING NATURE TRAIL HORSE-TRAIL HIKING TRAIL\n\u00C2\u00AE \u00C2\u00AE \u00C2\u00AE\nSKIING SLEDDING SWIMMING WATER SKIING\nWINTER CROSS-COUNTRY\nRECFd\u00C2\u00A3IION SKIING\nAREA\n DD 68 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nPLANNED NEW PARK FACILITIES\nKEY\nD NEW DAY USE & CAMPGROUND\nA NEW CAMPGROUND\nO NEW DAY USE\nMAJOR RECONSTRUCTION\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 CITY\n1 PORPOISE BAY\n2 BIG BAR LAKE\n3 BLANKET CREEK\n4 SYRINGA CREEK\n5 LIBBY RESERVOIR\n6 RATHTREVOR BEACH\n7 LIGHTNING LAKES (MANNING PARK)\n8 PROPHET RIVER\n9 LOUHEE\n10 PARRENS BEACH\n11 CHINA BEACH\n12 CYFRESS BOWL\n13 PAUL LAKE\n14 KOKANEE CREEK\n15 GOLDEN EARS\n16 ROBSON MEADOWS\n17 LAKELSE\n18 WHISKERS POINT\n19 GORDON BAY\n20 RALPH RIVER ( STRATHCONA PARK )\n21 SPROAT LAKE\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 69\nANNUAL ATTENDANCE\n80\n70\n60\n50\nin:\n> c\n40\nCamper nights\nDay visits\n3-0-\n20\n10\n1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971\nYEAR\n DD 70 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nPROVINCIAL PARKS BRANCH\nR. H. Ahrens, Director\nWithout question, the major occurrence in the Provincial Parks Branch in\n1971 was the launching, by the Second Session of the Twenty-ninth Legislature of\nthe Province of British Columbia, of the Accelerated Park Development Act (Bill\n12) programme. Under this fund, $15 million, in addition to the regular Parks\nBranch budget, was made available to generate employment and to permit renovation, replacement, and addition of park facilities. By mid-summer, 1,600\npeople were working as a consequence of the programme, and it was also possible\nto give attention to trail building in the larger Provincial Parks. Mount Seymour\nand Manning Park received due attention to upgrading of basic facilities: sewerage,\nwater supply, power provision, staff quarters, and public under-roof accommodation. Renovation of worn and out-dated camping facilities was not without problems as the Branch tried to compromise the public demands for more spacious units\nwith the retention of forest cover and privacy within the same confines of the older\ncampgrounds. The Bill 12 fund financed archaeological-site exploration both as to\nnew-site inventory, and on-site digs.\nThe slight increase in park attendance in 1971, in relation to 1970, reflects the\nclosure for extended reconstruction of portions of parks where visitor counts are\nusually taken. It does not necessarily indicate a decline in Provincial Park popularity.\nAmong acquisitions of land for park use, the Branch was happy to be authorized to include purchase of Brandywine Falls and environs on the Vancouver-\nPemberton Highway, and high quality beach frontage at the southeast end of Mabel\nLake. Both properties are intended as multirecreational activity parks with high-\nuse levels.\nWith the assumption by the Province of British Columbia of development of\nyear-round park facilities in the Cypress Creek valley on the Lower Mainland's\nnorth shore, the Parks Branch launched into basic concerns: The consolidation of\nboundaries for the intended park, conceptualizing of the complete development for\nuse, and design of basic transportation, power, water, sewerage, buildings, and\nservicing facilities. Independent consultants have been retained for some of these\nphases.\nThe following outline of Provincial Parks Branch activity, in the 1971-72\nfiscal year, indicates a scale of activity never before undertaken by the Provincial\nParks Branch.\nPLANNING DIVISION\nIn addition to the normal work load, the added pressure for planning production stimulated by Bill 12 taxed the park planners for both time and experience.\nThe Site Planning Section in particular was affected by this accelerated park development programme and additional planning staff was taken on to facilitate the\nincreased planning demand. A librarian joined the staff to assist in organizing a\nBranch library and was placed temporarily in the Park System Planning Section.\nThe position head of the Master Planning Section retired and the vacancy was\nfilled by Ted Frechette, an experienced park planner who was previously employed\nwith the Alberta Parks Branch.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 71\nAt the close of 1971 the Division was staffed as follows:\nProfessional Technical Clerical Total\nDivision Chief 1 1\nPark System Planning 8 1 2 11\nMaster Planning 5 5\nSite Planning 1 3 ____ 4\nVacancies 2 2\nTotals 15 6 2 23\nPark System Planning Section\n(a) Parks Branch Library\nWork on the organization of the Parks Branch library began June 1, with the\nhiring of Miss Elizabeth Woodworth, a recent graduate from the University of British\nColumbia. Since that time, approximately 300 new books, research reports and\nbibliographies, plus 20 new journal titles have arrived in the library. All ordering\nis now done through the librarian, who also catalogues incoming material and provides reference service for the collection when this is needed, either for the routine\nwork of the office or for the specific requirements of oral and written presentations.\nThe library is composed of three main sections, including the books, which are\ncatalogued according to the Dewey Decimal system; the reference section, which\ncontains materials offering ready factual information on parks, forestry, and British\nColumbia; and the vertical pamphlet file, which is organized according to the United\nStates Bureau of Outdoor Recreation's Thesaurus of Outdoor Recreation Terms.\nSome 400 books have been catalogued, and the library is receiving about 35 major\njournals plus another 55 news bulletins.\nThere have also been introduced a monthly accessions list, and systems for\nsigning out books and recording journal holdings. The library's services have also\nbeen made available, not only to headquarters, but also to the field staff and other\nlibraries, who receive materials through the mail. The first seven months of operation saw a steadily increasing rate of use by both headquarters and the field staff.\n(b) West Coast National Park Project\nThe task of land acquisitions for the West Coast National Park Project continues. In the past year our Lands Officer has appraised and arranged settlements\nwith 65 private owners for a total of $2 million. During 1971 all unencumbered\nProvincial Crown land in Phase I (Long Beach area), including Wickaninnish\nBeach Provincial Park (which was cancelled by Order in Council), was transferred\nto the Federal Government as part of the National Park. The campground is again\nin operation but under National Park supervision and management.\nA further milestone during the year, which was accepted with mixed feelings\nby the local populace and others associated with the area, was the naming of the\nnew park by Federal authorities. Pacific Rim National Park was formally named\nand dedicated at a ceremony on May 4, 1971, attended by H.R.H. Princess Anne\nduring the occasion of the Royal Visit to Canada to celebrate British Columbia's\nCentennial year.\nDiscussion of the boundary of Part III of the National Park (West Coast\nTrail area) continued with recommendations and suggestions flooding in from\nvarious organizations and an interested public. Detailed studies of this area were\n DD 72\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\ncarried out during the year. In the latter part of 1971 a Provincial Parks Branch-\nForest Service task force was formed to establish a mutually satisfactory boundary\nto present to the National Park Service for consideration.\nThe complicated and cumbersome system of providing the Federal Government's share of funds for land acquisition costs continued to hamper the Branch.\nAfter 14 months of negotiation the Federal Government agreed with our recommendation to eliminate this problem by establishing an accountable advance system\nfor providing Federal share of acquisition funds. At the time of writing we have\nverbal assurance that the new system has been approved by Federal Treasury.\n(c) Bill 12 Trail Location\nTwo planners of the Park System Planning Section were appointed to coordinate the trail locations programme for construction and improvement under the\nAccelerated Park Development Programme (Bill 12). Eight university students\nwere employed in the locating of 105 miles of new trails and the relocating of 72\nmiles of existing trails throughout the Provincial park system.\nThe Accelerated Park Development Programme (Bill 12) provided many opportunities\nfor employment of young people of British Columbia. Among the many who worked at\nvarious jobs in parks in 1971 were Bonnie Lepage and Ellen McDonnell, seen engaged in\ncampground maintenance at Kokanee Creek Provincial Park near Nelson.\nThe longest trail located will connect Manning Park to Cathedral Park, a\ndistance of 30 miles. It also serves as an eastward extension of the Centennial\nTrail constructed in 1967 from Simon Fraser University to Manning Park. It is\nanticipated that eventually this trail will extend the full width of the Province.\nOther new trails that were located include a 10-mile trail across the International Ridge, accessible from Cultus Lake Park; a 4-mile trail in Golden Ears\nPark, from Gold Creek to Alouette Mountain, to link up with the existing trail\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 73\nfrom Mike Lake; a 10-mile trail in Tweedsmuir Park from the Atnarko River to\nTurner Lake; an 8-mile trail in Garibaldi Park from Cheakamus River to Helm\nLake; a 20-mile trail in Wells Gray Park from Clearwater Lake to Murtle Lake via\nKostal Lake; and a 5-mile trail in Bowron Lake Park up Wolverine Creek.\nImprovements were made to the location of existing trails within Strathcona,\nKokanee Glacier, Mount Assiniboine, and Mount Robson Provincial Parks.\n(d) Fraser River Upstream Storage Study\nHead of Park System Planning represents the Parks Branch on an ecology subcommittee of the Fraser River Joint Programme Committee which is presently updating the System E portion of the \"Final Report of the Fraser River Board Flood\nControl and Hydro-electric Power in the Fraser River Basin.\" The objective of\nthe ecology studies is to determine the benefits and disbenefits to uses of the resources\nother than power and flood control, of the proposed System E project. Parks\nBranch participation is restricted to the evaluation of present and projected social\nand economic outdoor recreational values of the affected areas in their present and\npossible flooded conditions. Particular attention is being given to the historic,\narch_eologic and natural recreation resource values. Special emphasis is placed on\nthe existing and potential park lands affected and an attempt is being made to\ndefine and qualify these values in economic terms which will permit their employment in current cost-benefit analysis procedures. The Parks Branch studies are\nclosely integrated with those undertaken by the Fish and Wildlife Branch. These\nare being undertaken simultaneously by consulting firms.\n( e) Provincial Park System Planning\nThe main function of the Park System Planning Section is twofold: to maintain\na viable system of Provincial Parks by evaluating parkland potential and recommending same for addition or deletion to the park system; and to recommend\ninterdepartmentally the reservation of Crown lands required in particular for public\nrecreational use.\n(a) Evaluation of potential park land. A number of areas located\nthroughout the Province received considerable planning attention\nthroughout the year. Those which received relatively intensive study\nare as follows:\n(i) Mount Edziza Park proposal was completed and forwarded\nfor Ministerial attention. Mineral reservation over the core area of\nthe proposal was effected by Executive Council Order. Effective cooperative relationships were established with the mining industry in\nan effort to ensure that the park values of this magnificent volcanic\narea are preserved while adjacent ore deposits are being extracted.\nFurther progress on this park proposal is contingent upon\nresolving timber conflicts in the area. The original park proposal\ncontains approximately 600,000 acres.\n(ii) Trout Lake Park proposal southeast of Revelstoke was\nexamined very intensively to evaluate its park potential. The area\nis unique in that it contains the spawning beds of the very large and\nwell-known Kootenay Lake rainbow trout. This proposed park\nwill contain approximately 1,100 acres.\n(iii) St. Mary's alpine area west of Kimberley received further\nfield examination and will be proposed for addition to the park\nsystem. This proposal contains approximately 20,000 acres.\n DD 74 BRITISH COLUMBIA\n(iv) Top of the World Park proposal east of Kimberley and\nencompassing approximately 20,000 acres was referred to the Technical Land Use Sub-Committee in the spring of the year to resolve\ntimber-park resource-use conflicts. By the year's end this had not\nbeen resolved.\n(v) Elk Lakes Park proposal at the headwaters of the Elk\nRiver in the East Kootenays was initiated as a result of field examination this year. The area may conflict somewhat with existing coal\ndeposits but appears suited to multirecreational park use in a very\nscenic portion of the Rocky Mountains. The park proposal includes\napproximately 14,000 acres.\n(vi) Bowron Lake Park proposed additions of the Wolverine,\nBetty Wendle, and upper Cariboo River watershed were examined\njointly by Forest Service and Parks Branch staff. Timber and park\nresource-use potentials and conflicts have yet to be resolved.\n(vii) The Redfern Lakes situated northwest of Fort St. John\nwere examined to evaluate their Provincial park potential. Future\npark status is contingent on further examination of the contiguous\nbig-game ranges. The lakes are presently reserved from alienation\npending further studies.\n(viii) Wokkpash Lake south of Stone Mountain Park was examined in relation to the park. Further studies are required to\ndetermine the Provincial park significance of this general area in relation to existing and proposed park areas.\n(ix) Muncho Lake Park (Alaska Highway) was examined and\nfound to require further field study to relocate the park boundaries\nto include significant big-game ranges and exclude superfluous park\nland.\n(x) Williston Lake reservoir was examined and found to have\nvery low Provincial park potential along most of its shoreline.\n(xi) Brent Mountain Park proposal received further interdepartmental field study. The park proposal was waived in favour of\na ski development.\n(xii) The north end of Osoyoos Lake was examined for its\necological (semidesert) park value at the request of the Okanagan-\nSimilkameen Park Society. Report assembly and presentation of\nthis proposal was deferred to 1972 because of staff commitments.\n(xiii) Chilliwack Lake received field examination. Proposals\nfor two parks on this lake were actively being pursued at the year's\nend. At the south end a 3,000-acre parcel of land was dedicated in\nSeptember as \"Sapper Park\" in recognition of the contribution to the\ndevelopment of British Columbia by the Sappers of the Royal Engineers; it will function as a northern portal to the U.S.A. North Cascades National Park. At the north end a 400-acre park is proposed\nto accommodate the demand for a mass-use water-oriented park in\nthe Lower Mainland region.\n(xiv) The Queen Charlotte Islands 1970 parkland reconnaissance report assembly received a great amount of planning time and\nattention.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971\nDD 75\n(xv) The Marine Parks system in the Georgia Strait area received considerable planning attention; potential park areas were\nnoted in the vicinity of Desolation Sound, Hardy Island, Quadra\nIsland, and Cortes Island.\n(b) Park land acquisitions and deletions. A number of outstanding properties were conclusively negotiated for park designation. The most\nnotable among these are: 6,000 feet of prime frontage on Mabel\nLake, Brandywine Falls (north of Squamish), Tamarac Lodge on\nConkle Lake, a historic coal tipple near Ladysmith, and a private\ninholding in Tweedsmuir Park. Special mention should be made of\nthe donation by the Alpine Club of Canada of their Lot 10552 in\nMount Assiniboine Park.\nParks Established in 1971\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nFort McLeod Historic Park (Class A, Category 2)\nHome Lake Caves Park (Class A, Category 2)\nFort St. John Historic Park (Class C Category 6)\t\nEcho Bay Marine Park (Class A, Category 6)\nPorpoise Bay Park (Class A, Category 6)\t\nWhite Pelican Park (Class A, Category 1)\t\nChristina Lake Park (Class A, Category 6)\t\nDrumbeg Park (Class A, Category 6)\t\nSmuggler Cove Marine Park (Class A, Category 6)\t\nPurden Lake Park (Class A, Category 6)\t\nStuart Lake Park (Class A, Category 6)\nCopeland Islands Marine Park (Class A, Category 5)\t\nArea (in\nAcres)\nLand\nWater\n7.160\n71.000\n5.000\n3.370\n1.29\n150.000\n1,032.000\n2,050.00\n15.650\n50.000\n410.000\n40.00\n349.000\n778.000\n1,080.000\nAdditions to Existing Parks\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nLakelse Lake Park (Class A)\t\nChaster Park (Class C, Category 6)\nPilot Bay Park (Class A)\nBowron Lake Park (Class A)\t\nKokanee Creek Park (Class A, Category 6)\nMyrtle Rocks Park (Class C)\t\nHelliwell Park (Class A)\t\nPaul Lake Park (Class A)\t\nDeletions\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nElk Falls Park (r/w)\nKleanza Creek Park (B.C.H. & P. r/w)\nMission Beach Park (road r/w)\t\nMission Flats Park (Kamloops Pulp & Paper\nCo. exchange)\t\nWickaninnish Beach Park (cancelled)\t\nMount Seymour Park (r/w)\t\nRecreation Areas\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nGwillim Lake Recreation area.\n159.000\n120.000\n6,850.000\n185.700\n11.000\n301.000\n5.500\n0.269\n0.280\n15.000\n2,656.000\n0.129\n22,700.000\n5.00\n7.70\n DD 76 BRITISH COLUMBIA\n(c) Lands reserved for public recreational use. The Park System Planning Section has been instrumental in establishing and administering\nnumerous general recreation reserves with co-operation of the Forest\nService and Lands Service of the Department of Lands, Forests, and\nWater Resources. Interagency discussions concerning the fabrication of a new recreation land reserve terminology to replace the\npresent faulty nomenclature were started but unfortunately not carried to fruition by the year's end.\nParks Branch records indicate that 2,700 recreational reserves\nof one type or another covering approximately 532,000 acres of\nCrown land were in effect on December 31, 1971. New reserves\nwithin Provincial Forest Reserves are the administrative responsibility of the Forest Service. On vacant Crown land the Parks Branch\nmaintains an active interest.\nSite Planning Section\nOf the sections within the Planning Division, the responsibilities for Bill 12 fell\nmost heavily on Site Planning. Plans for new campgrounds, day-use areas, and\ntrails were initiated within this section. All proposals for renovation, revision, and\nexpansion of existing park facilities were reviewed before being assigned to field staff.\nIn four parks, site plans for new facilities, including both campgrounds and\nday-use areas, were prepared. These were Porpoise Bay on Sechelt Inlet, Big Bar\nLake near Clinton, and Syringa Creek and Blanket Creek, both on the Arrow Lakes\nreservoir.\nPlans for new campgrounds were prepared for Lightning Lakes in Manning\nPark, Prophet River on the Alaska Highway, Louhee near Barkerville, and Rath-\ntrevor Beach.\nPlans for new day-use facilities were prepared for Parrens Beach on Stuart\nLake, China Beach near Sooke, and Paul Lake near Kamloops.\nSeveral parks received major renovations and expansion of facilities. Included\nwere Kokanee Creek, Whiskers Point, Furlong Bay (Lakelse Lake Park), Gordon\nBay, Yahk, Ralph River (Strathcona), Sproat Lake, Lac la Hache, Christina Lake,\nand Mount Robson.\nIn Golden Ears Park, plans were prepared for a revised day-use area on\nAlouette Lake and an interpretation centre at Mike Lake. In Manning Park,\nconsideration was given to a revised traffic pattern within the park townsite, new\naccommodations for both staff and park visitors, and proposed changes to the\nGibson Pass ski area. On Mount Seymour ski-ing was reviewed and both ski lifts\nand slopes were recommended for improvements.\nSite Planning was involved in discussions related to a building programme.\nItems completed included expanded food service, ski rental, and first-aid buildings\non Mount Seymour. A programme of picnic shelters along the Alaska Highway\nwas prepared. Still to be completed are criteria for location of picnic shelters, toilet\nbuildings, and change houses.\nOf concern to Site Planning was the organizing of topographic mapping\nassignments for the Engineering Division. Detailing these mapping needs involves\nextensive field work and an analysis of land status, access routes, and service\nrequirements. Projects included Sasquatch Park, Buntzen Lake, Stuart Lake, Cypress Bowl, Shawnigan Lake, Gibson Pass, Koksilah River, Niskonlith Lake, Bridge\nLake, Birkenhead Lake, Purden Lake, Big Bar Lake, and the Libby reservoir.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 77\nSpecial projects undertaken included the following:\n(1) Sapper Park\u00E2\u0080\u0094The Canadian Armed Forces chose the south end of\nChilliwack Lake as the site of their contribution to the British Columbia Centennial year. Site Planning assisted in road and bridge\nlocation and in preparing a plan for day-use facilities.\nColonel the Honourable J. R. Nicholson, Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia,\nofficiated in September at the dedication of Sapper Park located at the south end of Chilliwack Lake. Development work was carried out by engineering personnel from CFB\nChilliwack and by 50 Field Squadron, Royal Engineers, who came out from England to\nparticipate in the project. The Lieutenant-Governor is shaking hands with Colonel J. Carr,\nCommanding Officer CFB Chilliwack, beside the memorial arch.\n(2) A development plan for large-scale park facilities was prepared for\nan area of some 1,500 acres on Libby reservoir which will become\na new Provincial park in 1972.\n(3) Under Bill 12 an emphasis was placed on locating and constructing\n\"back-country\" trails and assistance was extended in producing a\nTrails Standards Handbook outlining location criteria and construction methods.\n(4) Beginning in 1972, the Parks Branch will begin a programme of\nreplacing printed signs with sign symbols. Some 22 of these symbols\nhave been approved and are closely related to those being used on an\ninternational basis. Site Planning has co-ordinated this project and\nthe first use of these symbols will be seen on roadside public information signs located at the entrance to the larger parks.\n(5) Cypress Bowl became a major task for Site Planning in the latter\npart of the year. As the Master Planning concept for Cypress Park\nprecipitated, details were required regarding locations of service\nbuildings, ski lifts and runs. Of considerable concern was the matter\n DD 78 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nof traffic circulation as the site posed serious limitations for parking.\nFurther work to finalize the site plan should be completed in\nearly 1972.\n(6) Within the system of Marine Parks, new wharves were planned for\nKeats Island and Newcastle Island.\nMaster Planning Section\nSummer reconnaissance work was conducted in three areas of the Province\nand reconnaissance reports were prepared for the Ashnola Valley and Cathedral\nPark; the Eutsuk Nature Conservatory in Tweedsmuir Park; and the Murtle Lake,\nClearwater-Azure Lakes, and Mahood Lake areas of Wells Gray Park. These\nreports are detailed resource- and visitor-use evaluations which will provide foundations for the Master Planning process.\nThe master plan for Mount Seymour Provincial Park was completed early in\nthe year and a preliminary plan for Cypress Provincial Park was produced later in\nthe year.\nENGINEERING DIVISION\nAdded to normal housekeeping duties and capital works, Bill 12 tested the\nDivision's capacity. Professional staff tabled its design role and concentrated on\nproject control and administration. The seven technical sections provided designs\nand direction for both contract and staff work with emphasis on the latter to stimulate direct Government employment. Department of Highways undertook 43\nprojects consisting mainly of paving contracts throughout the park system, road\nconstruction at Mount Seymour and Blanket Creek, and Cypress road location. The\nlack of trained staff within Engineering Division was compensated, in part, by the\nretention of 18 architectural and engineering firms on 47 projects.\nMore specifically, major areas of consulting assignment under Division control\ncovered the following: Manning motel replacement, staff accommodation, development study, electric-power system and generating-station, waterworks and supply\nstudy, sewage collection and treatment plant, nrehall design and warning system,\nlandscape study, resident engineering services, and bridge foundations; Mount\nSeymour day-lodge addition, expanded first-aid facilities, new toilet building, central\nticket office, ski-school building conversion, rope tow renovation, electric-power\nextension, and repairs, landscape study; and Cypress preliminary studies. Minor\nassignments were made for Golden Ears gravel crushing; Newcastle Island wharf\nand floats; Rathtrevor reservoir and pumping-station; trail-system suspension bridges\nand cable-car crossings for the Cheakamus, Robson, Atnarko, and Simpson Rivers;\nPlumper Cove wharf and floats; Paul Lake beach sanding; Lac Le Jeune water\nsupply; Beaumont toilet-picnic building, and Mount Robson electrical and water\nsupply systems.\nIn summary, external agencies were directly responsible for 32 per cent of\nBill 12 with execution mainly by contract which completed about three-quarters of\nthe programme. Internal means handled about 24 per cent, mainly by staff construction, with eight-tenths completion. On the assumption of a similar 1972 programme additional staff needs have been defined as two professional engineers and\nthree technicians. A comprehensive study of space requirements was executed for\na scheduled move to new quarters.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 79\nWaterworks and Sewerage Section\nBesides assistance to consultants, this Section provided site investigation,\nfeasibility studies, detailed design, specifications, materials supply, field supervision,\ncontract control, and operational training for all waterworks and sewerage projects\nundertaken by Management Division, Construction Section, and Historic Parks.\nIn total, 23 new, expanded, and renovated water systems were undertaken,\nranging from major to minor works and covering the full range of the technology:\npiping, valving, reservoirs, pumping-stations, control systems, well-lake-gravity\nsupplies, power service, and irrigation. An additional 25 systems were researched,\ndesigns were initiated, and some were committed to serve deficient areas. Drilling\ncontracts were released which produced 27 successful wells and four failures.\nPlumbing detail and sewage-disposal designs were provided to serve the toilet-\nbuilding programme. Sani-stations were added to three parks and five more were\nplanned.\nBuildings and Structures Section\nPark Standards plans were prepared and distributed for repeatable small\nstructures covering 39 toilet buildings, 12 change houses, four equipment sheds,\nand two picnic shelters. The first of these formed a major part of the pit-toilet\nreplacement programme. In all, about 80 per cent were completed or committed\nby own-force means with the Section supplying site application and technical support.\nCustom designs were prepared for 21 major units encompassing toilet-change\nhouses, toilet buildings, picnic shelters, workshops, staff residences, and camp structures. Of these, five were undertaken by contract and four by staff. Division offices\nat Langford and Mount Seymour were renovated, preliminary designs were prepared for interpretation centres at Kokanee Creek and Alouette Lake, an initial\nproposal for the Manning Park motel was designed, a permanent residence design\nwas completed for Bowron Lakes, and a kitchen-dining building was designed for\nManning.\nPrefabricated structures were researched, detailed, and requisitioned for 26\napplications involving service buildings, staff accommodation, Bowron Lakes information centre, and Mount Robson youth-crew camp.\nDraughting Section\nPlan research, preparation, and distribution capacity expanded to meet the\nBill 12 need with a staff of five serving the Branch. Peak demand was offset by\ncontracting some of the overload to private firms. On-the-job training kept pace\nwith output and was complemented by night school classes with the net result that\na senior draughtsman is scheduled to move into the technician cadre.\nTo meet the heavy demand for topography and minimize field time, the Section\nbecame a key link between Planning Division and the Survey Section. In implementing this and other demands the chief draughtsman's role is approaching the\nstatus of a technical office manager. Currently the work load covers status maps,\nland-use designs, roads, earthworks, buildings, waterworks, sewerage, tourist maps,\nreports, publicity assignments, consultant records, reproduction services, and Park\nStandards amendments and circulation.\nWorkshop Section\nPark furniture and equipment production increased three-fold over the previous year's under the impact of a double-shift system employing an average of 30\npersons. More than 10,000 items were produced in 50 categories. This was aided\n DD 80 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nby the transfer of the Interpretation Section to new quarters, the addition of clerical\nstaff to renovated offices, and the expansion of covered storage and work areas.\nStaff training aided the programme with emphasis on plastic, wood, carving, and\nmetal practice.\nIn addition, about 50 off-yard jobs were handled, 1970/71 unit-cost study\ncompiled, and 20 vehicles forming the headquarters pool were maintained and\ndispatched. Distribution of finished products was a major concern with a basic\ncommercial-transport system augmented by Workshop and Construction Section\ntrucking. Bill 12 achieved the maximum employment and production possible in\nthe present location.\nEquipment Section\nThis Section supplied essential expertise and vital liaison with consultant\nassignments, notably ski-tow and electrical generation projects at Mount Seymour,\nManning, and Mount Robson. Its responsibility for Branch vehicle and equipment\ncontrol was implemented by maintenance and operational direction, semiannual\ninspections and corrective action, specifications for new and replacement machinery,\nand operating-cost reports. Coupled to this was comprehensive liaison with suppliers covering specification conformance and warranty administration. Project\nSAM was aided by machine orders, delivery control, and technical direction to\nforemen and operators.\nAs the senior technician, the equipment superintendent was responsible for\nadministration of the Mount Seymour-based headquarters of Engineering Division,\nwhich also served the Construction and Survey Sections. Clerical staff was increased, permanent offices constructed, and an additional equipment inspector added.\nSurvey Section\nApart from three outside assignments, all topographic mapping required for\npark planning and construction were produced by this Section. In all, 30 jobs\nwere undertaken covering about 2,800 acres. To achieve this, a peak of 13 field\ncrews employing 37 men was reached during summer, with a low of eight crews at\nthe end of the year. A major effort was required to train staff and combat inclement\nweather.\nIn addition to this centralized Branch function, the Section supplied surveying\nfor project control, boundary definition, earth-work estimates, road locations, and\nstructural designs. Major assignments were: Blackwall road in Manning Park, Gold\nCreek road in Golden Ears Park, Clearwater Lake road in Wells Gray Park, Rath-\ntrevor Beach Park retaining wall and counsel to the Department of Highways on\nthe Mount Seymour road. An assistant supervisor was added to the Section headquarters staff in the face of the continuing work load.\nConstruction Section\nAbout 24 projects were undertaken during the year with the Section sustaining\nthe heaviest Bill 12 impact on supervisory staff. Starting with five, a peak of 14\nwas achieved for project supervisors and assistants. Maximum employment reached\n380 by mid-summer of which 220 were students. Four large camps were established with three covering the summer and two in the winter. Continuing the\ngrowth of an integrated service to the Branch, the superintendent's office provided\nguidance for Management Division projects, distributed bulk-ordered materials and\nwater-system supplies, and supplemented Workshop furniture delivery. An assistant\nsuperintendent was added and a permanent office-service yard complex implemented\nat Mount Seymour.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 81\nSpecific field work executed by this Section is covered by the following\nsummary:\nThe second season of the Young Men's Conservation Programme was terminated at Rathtrevor Beach in May with 35 candidates receiving training in park\nconstruction; which included the beach wall, parking-lots, bridges, trails, and\nbuildings. A 50-man year-round camp at Golden Ears, with the assistance of local\nlabour, extended the Gold Creek road, reconstructed the campground, improved\nthe day-use area, constructed trails, built an equipment shed, and started six toilet\nbuildings. The 100-man seasonal camp at Wells Gray improved 23 miles of road,\nreconstructed seven miles, aided Management Division's trail programmes, reconstructed Dawson Falls, Clearwater Lake, and Spahats Creek campgrounds, completed Clearwater River Park, and commenced essential waterworks. The 50-man\nseasonal camp at Mount Robson constructed the 94-unit Robson Meadows campground, reconstructed Lucerne-Robson River campgrounds, relocated Berg Lake\ntrail, including bridgework, and built the headquarters service yard. The 40-man\nRathtrevor Beach camp, assisted by local labour, began winter operation on a\n100-unit campground, additional parking, paths, Englishman River reconstruction,\nand the China Creek water system.\nLocal labour and machine-rental projects were: campground reconstruction,\na 50-unit addition, and Strathcona staff residence at Ralph River; 50-unit campground, Maclure Lake reconstruction, 26 new camp-sites, service yard, and a day-\nuse area at Gordon Bay; 50-unit campground at Profit River, staff residences,\nchange houses, and reconstruction of existing parks on the Alaska Highway; 62-unit\ncampground, day-use area, and beach at Syringa Creek; 59-unit campground at\nBlanket Creek; initial access at Purden Lake; picnic clearing at Parrends Beach, and\nwinter programme of access and campground construction at Libby reservoir.\nVANCOUVER MANAGEMENT DISTRICT\nIn 1971, the Vancouver District benefited from the Bill 12 programme in that\nmany new facilities were constructed and an extensive reconstruction programme\nto existing facilities commenced.\nAt Mount Seymour Park, the road was closed for a five-month period to\nfacilitate the reconstruction of 4 miles of the access road. Other improvements\nincluded an extension to the day lodge, which, when completed, will provide a\nbrown-bag room, nursery, ski rental, and information office. New ticket office,\nwashroom, and first-aid buildings will be placed in service in early 1972. The\nV.O.C. cabin was relocated and when exterior and interior renovations are completed, the building will serve as the focal centre for the Mount Seymour Ski School.\nMajor grooming and improvements to all ski slopes in the park have been carried\nout and electrification of the rope tows completed. A new hiking trail was constructed on the eastern portion of the park and it is hoped that this trail will also\nfunction as a safety trail to guide lost skiers or hikers back to a known point.\nWith the reopening of Mount Seymour Park on December 4, winter sports\nenthusiasts took advantage of the improved facilities and excellent ski-ing conditions.\nThe popularity of Mount Seymour Park as a winter sports area for Vancouver residents is well confirmed with the recording of over 60,000 visits during the Christmas\nand New Year holiday period.\nWhile many other parks recorded a slight decrease in camper use, Manning\nPark campgrounds displayed \"campground full notices\" on a daily basis throughout\nthe major portion of the summer season. An extensive construction programme was\nundertaken at Manning Park. The improvements and additional facilities will assist\n DD 82 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nin alleviating the shortage of accommodation. A new 40-unit lodge-motel complex\nwas constructed and should be in operation by April 1972. Work commenced on\na new 100-unit campground in the Lightning Lakes area, and this will be a very\npopular facility for families wanting to spend several days in this area. Considerable\nworks were undertaken in the sewerage and waterworks field with a new sewage\ncollection and treatment plant being installed, and investigation of a new groundwater source commenced. Reconstruction of Coldspring, Nicolum, Emory Creek,\nStemwinder, and Bromley campgrounds was completed. In keeping with the demand for more hiking trails, over 40 miles of trail were constructed. The major\nportion of the trail work was concentrated in providing a trail link between Manning\nPark and Cathedral Park. Accommodation for lodge personnel has been improved with the construction of a 10-unit girls' dormitory and four single-family\nresidences.\nA firehall is under construction, and when equipped with a pumper unit Manning Park will have a fully trained volunteer fire brigade unit. An extensive road\nconstruction programme resulted in the upper 5 miles of the Blackwall road being\ncompleted to subgrade, the lower 5 miles paved, and the first 2 miles of the Gibson\nPass road paved. A bridge was added to the Lightning Lake narrows.\nGolden Ears Park, one of the major camping and day-use parks of the Lower\nMainland, is in the process of being reconstructed. When completed, the entire park\nwill have been refurbished. During 1971, the 200-unit campground was renovated.\nMany of the camp-sites have been redesigned to accommodate recreational vehicles,\nwith others designed for tents. Six new toilet buildings will replace the pit toilets.\nAdditional day-use parking has been provided and relocation and renovation to the\npicnicking and beach facilities will continue throughout 1972. Work has been resumed on the access road to the Gold Creek area and when completed it will\nprovide additional beach frontage on which much-needed day-use facilities can be\nconstructed.\nDuring the early part of the season Cultus Lake Park experienced several\noutbreaks of vandalism and rowdyism. Park staff assisted by our security officer,\nH. Jordan, moved quickly to suppress this type of activity, and with increased\npatrols, improvements to the camper registration system, amendments to the Park\nAct and regulations, vandalism and rowdyism were minimal for the remainder of\nthe season. Campground facilities at Maple Bay and Entrance Bay were reconstructed; also included in this programme was the construction of five toilet buildings.\nSeveral miles of hiking and riding trails were completed with the major portion of\nthe work taking place in the International Ridge Recreational Area. Work commenced in Sumas Mountain Park, and when completed will provide day-use facilities\nfor picnicking and hiking. Parking lots and access roads at Bridal Falls, Sasquatch\nPark, and Cultus Lake Park were resurfaced and paved.\nThe Garibaldi region, located in the Squamish-Pemberton valley, continues to\nbe popular to Vancouverites. Alice Lake Park, one of the most heavily used parks\nin this region, was the site of a major reconstruction programme. Ninety campsites were renovated; the entire road system, day-use parking-lots, and service area\nwere resurfaced and paved. Three miles of hiking trail from Alice Lake to the\nCheekye River were completed and several miles of existing trails upgraded. In\nthe Black Tusk Nature Conservatory the emphasis was on trail work. Rehabilitation of the existing Meadow Trail continued and several miles of new trail were\nconstructed to provide a well-marked route from the Black Tusk Meadows to\nCheakamus Lake. A cable car was installed at the Cheakamus River, thus allow-\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 83\ning hikers to cross the river and utilize the existing Alta Lake-Cheakamus Lake\ntrail. Additional day-use facilities were constructed at Murrin Park and a new\npicnic-site was built at Alta Lake.\nSuccessful Youth-crew Programmes were carried out at Manning Park and\nGaribaldi Park. These young men contributed significantly to the construction and\nmaintenance programmes in these parks.\nIn 1971 district staff were called upon to co-operate with the Department of\nRehabilitation and Social Improvement and provide a work-training programme for\n60 men. The programme was located at the proposed Cypress Bowl Provincial\nPark where the trainees were instructed in the use and care of various tools and\nequipment. Instruction was also given in slash burning, firefighting, falling, and\nbarking. Because of winter conditions the training project has been moved to\nBuntzen Lake, where a major day-use facility will be constructed.\nKAMLOOPS MANAGEMENT DISTRICT\nThe management function was subordinated to a considerable degree in order\nto assist with the implementation of the Accelerated Park Development Programme.\nRegional staff responded to the challenge and, while keeping control on perennial\nproblems, such as vandalism, sanitary maintenance, and other strictly management\nchores, were able to accomplish much in the way of development and reconstruction.\nAttendance for 1971 in the Kamloops District followed the trend of the rest\nof the Province, registering a slight over-all increase with continuing heavy pressure\non Okanagan Region parks. Sun-Oka Beach, for instance, recorded 99,000 visitors\nduring 1970 and 134,000 in 1971. Because of heavy use in the Okanagan, district\ncamper-nights were only down 9 per cent, as compared with a 12.6-per-cent decrease for the Province.\nThe Okanagan Region got off to a good start on Bill 12, and through contracts\narranged in co-operation with the Department of Highways laid 64,000 square yards\nof pavement. Two hundred camp- and picnic-sites were reconstructed, water systems modified, beaches improved, and storage buildings constructed throughout the\nregion. Three concrete-block toilet buildings were built in Kickininee Park.\nThe Shuswap Region saw considerable activity, with emphasis being placed on\nupdating water systems. Fifty new camp-sites were constructed at Lac Le Jeune\nand 17 picnic-sites at Paul Lake. Buildings included concrete-block toilet buildings\nin Shuswap Lake Park, and storage and service buildings throughout the region.\nLong-delayed maintenance work was undertaken on many regional buildings. One\nhundred and thirteen camp-sites and 25 picnic-sites were reconstructed, 2,500 feet\nof trail was reconstructed in various regional parks, and, through co-operation with\nthe Department of Highways, 24,000 square yards of pavement was laid.\nThe Cariboo Region accomplished much of its anticipated programme with\nprojects in most parks. In Skihist, Goldpan, and Lac la Hache, 168 camp-sites\nwere reconstructed. A complete water system was installed at Lac la Hache and\nthe water system at Skihist was extended. Through co-operation with the Department of Highways, 52,000 square yards of pavement was laid in Goldpan, Skihist,\nand Lac la Hache. Storage and toilet buildings are still under construction. The\nfirst stage in the development of a camp and picnic ground was initiated in Big Bar\nLake Park.\nWells Gray regional staff assisted Engineering Division in an advisory capacity\nand assumed responsibility for a continuing trail programme involving 75 miles of\ntrail.\n DD 84 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nNELSON MANAGEMENT DISTRICT\nThe Accelerated Park Development Act of 1971 provided an additional 150\njobs for students and nonstudents in the East and West Kootenay. At the same\ntime this Act provided funds for the improvement of all parks in the Kootenays,\nfor major extension of park facilities in both Kokanee Creek and Christina Lake\nParks, and for the development of new Provincial Parks at Syringa Creek near\nCastlegar, and at Blanket Creek near Revelstoke.\nAt Kokanee Creek Park the new Sandspit campground will have 80 new campsites available for the 1972 season, all serviced with flush toilets. When complete\nthis new campground will contain 110 sites. A location for the new nature interpretation building has been selected with the access road and parking lots constructed and ready for the final top-dressings. For the day-visitor a 300-car parking\nlot will be ready for use in the 1972 season providing access to more than 2,000 feet\nof sandy beach. A new two-ramp boat-launching facility also will be available.\nDevelopment of the Christina Lake picnic-site continued with a new 120-car\nparking lot constructed and paved, an additional 2,000 yards of sand placed on the\nbeach, and a diving float constructed. Extensive landscaping was done in this park\nby the girls' landscaping crew.\nReconstruction occurred in most of the district parks. Lockhart Beach Park\nwas totally rebuilt with new pump-out toilets installed. King George VI Park\npicnic-site was completely redesigned to give better water drainage and access to\nseveral group picnic-sites and new pump-out toilets. At Erie Creek Park all picnic-\nsites were moved to higher ground near the parking lot to escape annual flood damage. Champion Lakes Park beach had 3,300 yards of sand added, to double the\nuseable beach area, and 34 new tables were permanently placed on the terraces\nabove the beach. Beaver Creek Park had all its rough ground above and below the\nparking lot levelled, 7,000 yards of topsoil placed on the playfields, and the whole\narea raked and seeded by the girls' landscape crew. Stagleap and Nancy Greene\nLake Parks had toilets converted to pump-outs. Wasa Lake Park had two new\npicnic terraces constructed, 300 feet of swampy shoreline filled for additional table-\nsites, a new swim float constructed, and 3,000 yards of sand spread on the beaches.\nDry Gulch, Thunderhill, and Yahk Parks were totally reconstructed. Jimsmith Lake\nPark campground was brought up to standard. At Mount Fernie Park, 29 of the\n45 camp-sites were reconstructed. Athalmer Beach received another 12,000 yards\nof fill to ready this site for a toilet building and picnic terrace.\nThe irrigation system for the Wasa Park picnic-sites is now complete with the\ninstallation of 112 sprinkler heads. Mount Fernie Park water system was installed\nin the campground with a storage tank and pumphouse erected for next season's\nuse. Deep wells were drilled at Dry Gulch, Syringa Creek, and Christina Lake\nParks. Another sani-station will be ready for public use next season at Champion\nLakes Park.\nWorkshops extensions were completed at both Kokanee Creek and Wasa Lake\nParks to provide space for storage and for the expanded table refinishing programme. A large equipment shed also was erected in the Wasa service yard for\nstorage purposes.\nThe 1971 season saw a good start on hiking trails in the East and West Kootenays. A new trail now follows the Simpson River and Surprise Creek from Kootenay\nNational Park via Ferro Pass into Mount Assiniboine Park. The youth crew at\nAssiniboine reconstructed 5 miles of trail from Cerulean Lake to Ferro Pass. In\nKokanee Glacier Park the old Lemon Creek trail was reopened and a start made on\nthe trail from the Joker Millsite to the Slocan Chief Cabin.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 85\nAn expansion of the Youth Crew Programme into Mount Assiniboine Park\ngave the Branch the first opportunity to improve trails, erect toilets, and repair\npublic shelters in this famous wilderness park. With the purchase of the Elizabeth\nRummel property an ideal camp was made available for one of our youth crews.\nThis camp proved to be one of the best experiences for the young men involved in\nour 1971 Youth Programme.\nThis past season saw the Alpine Club of Canada erect a public alpine shelter\nnear the base of Mount Assiniboine. The club also will construct a large public\nshelter in Bugaboo Glacier Park during the 1972 season. Funds for the purchase\nof these building materials have been provided for by the Branch in exchange for\nthe Alpine Club properties in Mount Assiniboine and Bugaboo Glacier Provincial\nParks.\nThe Nelson District Office is now deeply involved with the Environment and\nLand-use Sub-Committee. A regional Kootenay Resource Committee, acting as an\nintersector committee, is assisting with the East Kootenay Land-use Study. Along\nwith these interagency responsibilities the district officer is involved with technical\ncommittees of several regional districts and the Nancy Greene Recreational Area\nAdvisory Committee.\nNORTHERN DISTRICTS\nAs a result of the 1971 Accelerated Park Development Act, all regions in the\nNorthern districts undertook considerable construction activity in all aspects of\npark development. Emphasis was placed on the reconstruction and renovation of\nexisting facilities, as well as the expansion and completion of established parks.\nMinor emphasis was placed on the provision of maintenance and service facilities.\nAs a result, the camping facilities, and day-use areas have been significantly increased. Supporting facilities such as water systems, public buildings, and servicing\nfacilities have added considerably to the quality of the facilities throughout the entire\ndistrict.\nReconstruction and Renovation\nThis aspect of the Accelerated Park Development Act occupied a good portion\nof the regional staff's efforts, with major projects undertaken in each region.\nIn the Bear Lake Region, the campgrounds at both Ten Mile Lake and Beaumont Parks were reconstructed. Kleanza Creek and Lakelse Lake picnic-site in\nthe Lakelse Lake Region were also renovated. In the Peace-Liard Region, Charlie\nLake, Moberly Lake, Kiskatinaw, Sudeten, and Spencer Tuck were redone. With\nrespect to the Alaska Highway wayside rest areas, major renovations were undertaken at all sites except Liard River Hotsprings Park. Reconstruction efforts in\nMount Robson Region were concentrated on Lucerne campground and Mount Robson campground. In addition, reconstruction works were undertaken on the Berg\nLake Trail, and the view points. The Mount Robson Youth Crew Camp was also\nrelocated from the Lucerne area to the Park Headquarters. A new camp was constructed and the old one removed. Reconstruction in the Bowron Lake Region included improvements in the campground. The emphasis was placed on improving\nthe portages and camp-sites around the lake chain.\nExpansion and Completion of Facilities\nExpansion and completion of existing facilities also received considerable effort\nby regional forces.\n DD 86 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nIn the Bear Lake Region, the major project was Whiskers Point Park. The\narea was expanded to 36 camp-sites, plus a 26-table day-use area. Boat launching\nfacilities are also scheduled for completion in the spring. A service yard was also\nconstructed. Expansion of facilities at Ten Mile Lake and Beaumont Parks were\nconfined to the day-use area and day-use parking. In both cases, these facilities\nwere roughed-out to double the present size. This work is scheduled for completion\nin the spring.\nIn the Lakelse Lake Region, the major project was Furlong Bay. The area\nwas increased from 45 sites to 133. A service area was also constructed. At\nMaclure Lake, emphasis was placed on expansion, although some renovation was\nundertaken. The camping ground was increased by 26 units, and the day-use area\nand parking lot was doubled in size. A service yard was also constructed.\nIn the Peace-Liard Region, the day-use area at Moberly Lake was completed\nand a 30-table picnic terrace installed. At Charlie Lake, a 10-table picnic terrace\nand parking-lot was constructed. On the Alaska Highway, a 50-unit campground\nwas constructed at Prophet River.\nThe major expansion project undertaken in the Mount Robson Region was\nthe expansion of the Robson Meadows campground, from 33 to 127 sites. Service\nyards were also constructed at Mount Robson campground, and at Park Headquarters. Two suspension bridges over the Robson River on the Berg Lake trail\nwere also constructed.\nOnly one project was undertaken in the Bowron Lakes Region. This consisted\nof the construction of a Visitor Information Centre-Nature House. This is a much\nwelcomed and needed facility.\nBuildings\nThe building programme in the Northern Districts was divided between public\nbuildings and service buildings. Change houses were constructed at Whiskers\nPoint, Moberly Lake, Maclure Lake, and Liard River Hotsprings. Summer maintenance staff accommodation buildings were erected at Ten Mile Lake, Beaumont,\nBowron Lake, and Buckinghorse River. Additional units were purchased for\nerection at Furlong Bay, Pendleton Bay, Maclure Lake, and Mount Robson next\nspring. Similar buildings were purchased for the Alaska Highway. Three picnic\nshelters were also purchased for spring erection on the Alaska Highway. A storage\nbuilding was erected at Lakelse Lake Regional Headquarters, and a similar building\npurchased for erection at Maclure Lake.\nWaterworks and Sanitation\nWaterworks received considerable attention throughout the district. All the\nsites along the Alaska Highway had wells drilled and hand-pumps installed. At\nCharlie Lake, the water system was extended to provide service to the entire campground. At Moberly Lake, a new well was drilled to augment the existing hand-\npump, and a sani-station installed.\nAt Whiskers Point, a well was drilled and water-storage tank erected. All\nmaterials for installation in the spring have been purchased and are in storage for\ncompletion.\nIn Lakelse Lake Region, a well was drilled at Kleanza Creek. The water systems material for Furlong Bay and Macclure Lake were purchased and in storage for\ninstallation in the spring. The Mount Robson water system is also in a similar\nstate.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971\nDD 87\nPaving\nA considerable amount of paving was undertaken in the Northern Districts.\nEmphasis was placed on entrance roads and day-use parking lots. Only the Bear\nLake and Lakelse Lake Regions had paving activity. In the Bear Lake Region,\nTen Mile Lake, Beaumont and Bear Lake Parks were paved in part. The work included the entrance road and day-use parking lot at Bear Lake. At Beaumont and\nTen Mile Lake similar works were undertaken, but the boat-launching ramps and\nboat-launch parking lots were also included.\nAt Lakelse Lake, the parking lot, boat-launching ramp and parking lot and\none campground loop-road was paved. Lakelse Lake picnic-site was paved in its\nentirety, as was Kleanza Creek Park.\nIn addition to the numerous projects undertaken under the Accelerated Park\nDevelopment Act, regional forces also managed to effectively attend to the more\nroutine maintenance and operation duties.\nYouth Crew camps also operated in Mount Robson Park and Crooked River\nPark. The planting programme, in conjunction with the British Columbia Forest\nService nursery at Red Rock, was continued at Bear Lake and Beaumont Parks.\nSome 5,000 seedlings were planted in these areas. District staff also managed to\nassist Regional Districts and other interested groups in matters pertaining to outdoor\nrecreation planning and development.\nPark naturalist, Freeman King, addresses members of the Seventh International Seminar on the Administration of National Parks and Equivalent Reserves at Thomas S.\nFrancis Provincial Park near Victoria.\nVANCOUVER ISLAND MANAGEMENT DISTRICT\nA major change in the administration of Provincial Parks on Vancouver Island\noccurred on April 1, 1971. Previous to that date, Vancouver Island comprised a\nsingle region in the Branch for the purposes of maintenance and operation. The\n DD 88 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nproliferation of parks on the Island, the growing complexity of the operation, and\nthe increasing use of these parks by the public was proving a severe strain on the\nsingle region organization.\nIt was decided to split the single region into three regions which would, in turn,\ncomprise the Vancouver Island Park District. These three regions, later named\nStrathcona, Arrowsmith, and Malahat, were created in the spring and supervisors\nappointed to them at that time.\nStrathcona Region consists of the north end of Vancouver Island from a line\napproximately cutting across the Island at the Village of Bowser.\nArrowsmith Region contains that area south of a line at Bowser to one roughly\ncutting across the Island at Nanaimo.\nMalahat Region comprises the balance of Vancouver Island from Nanaimo\nto its southern extremity, and includes the Gulf Islands.\nStrathcona Region\nIn the interests of efficiency and smoothness of operation, it was decided that\nthe new Regional Supervisor, Gordon Rathbone, would continued to administer his\nformer region, Kokanee, in the Nelson District, until the fall, at which time he\nwould transfer to Strathcona. In the meantime, an acting Regional Supervisor,\nWesley Mickey, was appointed to administer Strathcona and implement the Accelerated Park Development Act (Bill 12).\nThe new works were carried forward with great despatch and resulted in a\ncompletely renovated park system in this region. All camp-sites in Miracle Beach\nPark were reconstructed and roads paved. The old changehouse-toilet building was\nreplaced, new flush toilet buildings constructed and a large workshop placed under\nway. At Quinsam campground in Elk Falls Park all camp-sites were reconstructed,\nnew service yard including workshop and summer staff house built, and roads paved.\nAt Ralph River campground in Strathcona Park new camp-sites were constructed\nand a summer residence for the attendant built. Trail work was carried out in\nForbidden Plateau and elsewhere in Strathcona Park; Fillongley Park on Denman\nIsland was given a thorough cleaning, and a small parking lot was constructed and\nadditional camp-sites were added.\nIn general the Provincial parks in Strathcona Region are in good shape with\na much improved organizational structure to ensure a constantly improving service\nto the public.\nArrowsmith Region\nThe supervisor for this region, Charles Darkis, was formerly the supervisor for\nthe entire Island. With the administrative change this year he has been able to\ndevote full time to those numerous parks along the Alberni Highway which receive\nheavy public use. Extensive trail improvement has been carried out in Little Qualicum Falls Park and the entire park has been greatly improved. The youth crew\ncamp at this park was most successful this year with good trail work being carried\nout again by the crew at Englishman River Falls Park and MacMillan Park. Extensive reconstruction to Sproat Lake Park, Little Qualicum Falls Park campground,\nEnglishman River Falls Park campground and, hopefully, Cameron Lake picnic\nground will occur this winter. This work will bring Arrowsmith Region parks up\nto the Provincial standard.\nWork goes on apace at the new Rathtrevor Beach Park which has been under\nconstruction for several years while also under intensive public use. This perplexing situation has posed many problems of control which should end with park\ncompletion early in 1972.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 89\nMalahat Region\nWith the establishment of the new regions on Vancouver Island, D. M. Car-\nruthers of the Wasa Region in the East Kootenay was transferred to the Malahat\nRegion at the time of the implementation of the Accelerated Park Development\nAct (Bill 12).\nThe standard of park facilities in the majority of Malahat Region parks was\ngreatly improved during 1971. At Goldstream Park, an enlarged service area and\na new four-bay garage workshop are under construction as well as a five-bay heavy-\nequipment and storage shed; additionally 35 camp-sites were regravelled, the campground roads oiled, the picnic ground parking lot and sani-station roads paved, the\ngate-house completed, and signs, water posts, and barriers replaced where needed.\nAt Newcastle Island Marine Park, 200 feet of sea wall was constructed, the\nresidence repaired and painted, the docks painted, the old youth crew kitchen dismantled, a new tractor shed built in the service area, and tenders called for the\nreplacement of a dock and the positioning of 150 feet of new floats. Because of\nsevere erosion problems at Petroglyph Park, 200 feet of chain link fence was placed\nalong the petroglyph access trail and 500 feet of the trail paved. The petroglyph\nshelter was painted and the edges of the parking lot landscaped.\nA residence is under construction in the new service area at Ivy Green Park\nand the beach area was seeded and landscaped. Fifty units were added to the\nexisting 15-unit campground at Gordon Bay Park and the service area was enlarged.\nA parking lot complete with barrier and a 4,500-foot trail encircling the lake\nat Spectacle Lake Park were constructed and the area adjacent to the parking lot\nlandscaped and two pit toilets erected. At Matheson Lake Park, the parking lot\nwas regraded, barriers constructed, the beach area landscaped, 600 feet of trail\nreconstructed, and 100 feet of trail to the pit toilets built. China Beach Park had\n3,000 feet of trail cleared and gravelled.\nControl of vehicular traffic at Montague Harbour Marine Park was improved\nwith the erection of parking-lot barriers and grading. The power-line was extended\nto the service area, the day-use area refurbished, 24 mooring buoys installed, and\na new ramp placed on the dock. At Sidney Spit Marine Park, 32 feet of stairs to\nprovide access to the camp-ground were constructed, 12 mooring-buoys installed,\nthe ramp painted, and, at the end of the year, a water system was under construction.\nA complete redevelopment of Mouat Park was undertaken, enlarging campsites, widening roads, placing culverts, refurbishing of the day-use area, and replacing or renovating of fireplaces, number posts, signs, and table bases. At\nBamberton Beach Park the residence were renovated, a pump-house building constructed in the service area, the campground pit toilets relocated, and to stop\nfurther erosion of the steep bank to the beach, 875 feet of chain-link fence installed.\nPUBLIC SAFETY, ACCIDENT PREVENTION, AND YOUTH CREW\nPROGRAMME\nPark Security\nThis past season, full-time night patrolmen were employed in some of the high-\nuse parks where rowdyism had become a problem.\nAfter a somewhat shaky start in May, and a spate of complaints from the\ncamping public, security measures took hold. There was a significant drop in\nincidents, and complaints from the public ceased. Such incidents as did take place\nwere dealt with quickly and decisively, and all-night disturbances and drinking\nparties were completely eliminated.\n DD 90 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nDuring mid-season there was an increase in thefts in parks, mostly of food and\nminor items of camping equipment. This is a difficult type of offense to combat,\nsince campers habitually make little effort to protect their own property, and seldom\nif ever are the stolen articles identifiable.\nThere was a significant reduction in wilful damage to parks employing full-time\npatrolmen.\nGate-houses, with full camper registration, were operated in two parks. As\nwell as providing good control of the campgrounds, and stopping over-crowding,\nthis resulted in 100 per cent collection of camping fees.\nAccident Prevention\nAccident prevention was stressed throughout the year, with frequent on-the-\njob inspections by the Branch Public Safety Officer, and by the Civil Service Accident Prevention Inspector. There was only one serious accident and relatively few\nminor ones. The Department of Recreation and Conservation as a whole showed a\n26 per cent improvement in the accident-prevention picture over the previous year,\nand was awarded the Prime Minister's Trophy in Safety Achievement.\nYouth Crew Programme\nThere was little change this year in the make-up of the youth crews, except for\nthe reduction of the Little Qualicum crew to 15 boys, and the increase of the Wasa\ncrew to 30. This was to permit a more extensive alpine camp on Mount Assiniboine.\nIn all we had 180 boys in 13 camps.\nConsiderable trail construction was accomplished and a good start made on a\nnew camp at Mount Robson. Each camp had a well-rounded programme of sports,\nfilms, and talks, as well as trips to points of historic interest. The two alpine camps,\nat Mount Assiniboine and Black Tusk, were highly successful, and the boys fortunate\nenough to be there were most enthusiastic.\nWe came through the season without any serious accidents, and at the close,\neach camp held the usual ceremony, with certificates and group photographs being\npresented by the local Member of the Legislative Assembly or other dignitary. On\nthe whole it is felt that 1971 was a successful year.\nPUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION\nThe general public and interested groups and agencies from as far distant as\nMoscow, U.S.S.R., requested information about British Columbia's Provincial parks\nin 1971 at a rate far exceeding any previous year. General inquiries for folders\nand brochures were up 25.6 per cent over 1970, while requests requiring letters or\nmemoranda in reply increased from an average of about three per day to five per day.\nTo provide the informational material requested, completely revised editions\nof British Columbia Provincial Marine Parks and Golden Ears Provincial Park\nfolders and new Cultus Lake Provincial Park and Shuswap Lake Provincial Park\nfolders were prepared and printed. In addition, a mimeographed leaflet describing\nCathedral Provincial Park was made available, new Mount Robson Provincial Park\nand Strathcona Provincial Park folders came off the presses, and, with a few exceptions, all other information publications were revised and reprinted. Work was\nstarted on a new Alice Lake Provincial Park folder, on complete revisions of Mount\nSeymour Provincial Park, Kokanee Glacier Provincial Park, and Mount Assiniboine\nProvincial Park brochures, and work continued on a Tweedsmuir Provincial Park\nfolder that was started in 1970.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 91\nThe dissemination of information of Provincial parks was further enhanced with\nthe readying of a portable display utilizing Langford workshop personnel and outside labour. This display, which depicts various aspects of Provincial parks, was\nexhibited at Nanaimo, Vernon, Vancouver, Burnaby, Richmond, Victoria, and\nKamloops.\nBroad segments of the population of British Columbia were made aware of the\nProvincial parks story through appearances by the Public Information Officer on outdoor-oriented programmes on Victoria and Vancouver cablevision stations. Special\npresentations were made to the annual Travel Counsellors' School in Vancouver and\nto a tourist advisors' course at Sicamous.\nThe media was kept informed of Provincial Parks Branch activities through\nnews releases on a variety of subjects. Photographs and other materials were made\navailable to feature writers in Canada and the United States.\nIn May, the Public Information Officer attended the dedication of Pacific Rim\nNational Park by H.R.H. Princess Anne and in August he was cohost for the\nvisit to British Columbia of the Seventh International Seminar on the Administration\nof National Parks and equivalent Reserves. During their three-day stay in the\nProvince the delegates toured Provincial Parks on Vancouver Island and the Gulf\nIslands, and stayed overnight at Montague Harbour Provincial Marine Park on\nGaliano Island.\nThe annual meeting of the Vancouver Island Recreation Commission held at\nSidney in February was attended by the Public Information Officer, who represented\nthe Branch. He also worked closely with CFB Chilliwack personnel in assisting\nwith the information requirements for the dedication ceremonies for \"Sapper Park.\"\nA teacher's convention held at Miracle Beach Provincial Park was attended by\nthe Public Information Officer and he was a guest panelist at a \"Careers Day\" sponsored by the Victoria Chamber of Commerce and the British Columbia Forest Service at the Newcombe Auditorium.\nVisits were made to parks in the Vancouver, Nelson, Kamloops, and Northern\nDistricts, and the Vancouver Island Regions during the year and photographic\nrecords were made of Branch activities and park developments.\nINTERPRETATION\nPark naturalist and interpretive programmes expanded to service nine more\nparks in 1971 than in 1970. New funds under the Accelerated Park Development\nAct (Bill 12) enabled more naturalist services in four parks having established programmes. Eighteen new seasonal naturalist positions were created under Bill 12.\nIncreased expenditures for naturalist programmes created a demand for more\ndisplay studio space. A new facility established to provide for greater nature-house\ndisplay and interpretive sign production. Two additional artists were employed\nto assist in this work. The new building also provides storage for naturalist programme materials and equipment.\nBill 12 funds also enabled the construction of a visitor-information building at\nBowron Lake Park. The structure will be a focal point for visitor education in the\nuse of this wilderness park and will assist in the preservation of the park's unique\nnatural values.\nA visitor information service was initiated in the Black Tusk area of Garibaldi\nPark. A naturalist living in the alpine area contacted 2,500 visitors, assisting them\nto a greater understanding of the fragility of alpine areas as well as providing them\nwith information on the many beautiful features of Garibaldi's landscape.\n DD 92 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nStum Lake, British Columbia's only known nesting area for white pelicans,\nwas created a Class A Provincial Park to preserve the unique bird colony. A\nnaturalist-guardian was employed during the nesting period to protect the birds\nfrom human interference and to gather information on the colony and other park\nvalues.\nLiard River Hotsprings Park, on the Alaska Highway, is another uniquely\nvaluable natural area in the Province. During the summer an ecological study of\nits plant life was carried out by Dr. T. G. Brayshaw of the Provincial Museum. This\nstudy will assist in planning recreational developments for the park.\nAn experimental naturalist programme was initiated in the Kamloops Region\nat Lac Le Jeune and Monck Parks to determine their programme potential and\nnatural history content.\nA naturalist training school was held in May to familiarize new employees\nwith interpretive principles and techniques. Twenty-four naturalists attended the\nsessions.\nThirty-five seasonal naturalists were employed in park programmes in 25 parks\nthroughout the Province. They contacted 150,000 park visitors, including 80,000\nat nature houses, 40,000 at campfire talks, and 20,000 on guided walks. Attendance\nat all programmes was down significantly in July as a result of very wet and cold\nweather conditions throughout the Province. During August this trend reversed\ndramatically with most programmes receiving record crowds for the month. Total\nattendance at all programmes reached 180,000.\nThe Goldstream salmon run again this year proved to be one of the most important natural events with some 35,000 people coming out to the park to observe\nthe spectacle. Freeman King, veteran park naturalist, personally guided 6,000\nvisitors to an understanding of the salmon's life-history.\nThe new awareness in schools of the need for outdoor education has placed\nincreasing demands on park naturalists and parks programmes. In 1971 school\nchildren were given special consideration in naturalist programmes at Shuswap,\nManning, Kokanee, Alice Lake, and Miracle Beach Parks and at Goldstream during\nthe salmon run. Some 7,000 students were involved in outdoor education activities\nin these parks during the school year.\nInitial planning and designs for nature houses at Kokanee Creek and Golden\nEars Parks were undertaken with building construction expected to begin in the\nspring.\nIn summary, the year was significant for additional funds which permitted a\n100-per-cent increase in employment of seasonal naturalists and an expansion of\nnature-house facilities to more parks. It is hoped that this trend will continue and\noffer visitors a greater opportunity to learn more about their heritage of British Columbia's Provincial Parks.\nHISTORIC PARKS AND SITES DIVISION\nAlthough development, operation, and maintenance of historic parks and sites\nis primarily financed through the Historic Sites Vote of the Provincial Secretary's\nDepartment, considerable financial assistance provided this year under the Parks\nBranch's Accelerated Park Development Act enabled attention to various projects\nwhich had been held in abeyance because of more immediate priorities.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 93\nBarkerville Historic Park\nThe majority of road construction and site preparation was completed for the\n100-unit Lowhee campground, which, when opened in 1972, will eleminate the\nvery heavily used and unsightly overflow camp-sites adjacent to Barkerville's main\nentrance.\nA guided-tour programme was introduced this summer, and while successful in\nitself, suggested using a combination of roving and \"resident\" interpretation guides\nnext year.\nThe two-building Hudson's Bay Company store and butcher shop was constructed and readied for interior finishing and furnishing as an exhibit building in\n1972.\nExtensive work was done by the Department of Highways on the road between\nQuesnel and Barkerville in preparation for paving next year. The programme will\nprovide improved access for travellers and will include paving the main public\nparking-lot.\nA start was made on developing Conklin Spring as a supplementary supply\nfor the growing demands on the park's water system. The addition will be connected next year.\nWhile most sales and concession revenues showed an increase, attendance only\nslightly increased this year, with the final total approximating 175,000 visitor-days.\nCottonwood House Historic Park\nThe caretaker's residence was finished, complete with a temporary water system. Disappointingly, a commercial well-driller was unable to locate water on a\ndeep drill and the exploration has been postponed until next spring.\nThe park was completely fenced with a period style log-rail fence. A park\nentrance road was constructed to give access from the new highway by-pass to a\n30-car parking-lot just outside the restoration area.\nThe new highway by-pass changed the traffic through the park and permits the\nexclusion of motor-vehicles from the restoration area. Attention can now be given\nto restoring the old road itself to its original width and construction as it was during\nthe days when stage coaches travelled between Yale and Barkerville.\nThe whole project is reaching the point where Cottonwood House is much as\nit was as a farm and road house which served the miners who travelled to and from\nthe Cariboo goldfields by stagecoach during 1864-1900.\nFort Steele Historic Park\nUndoubtedly the highlight of the year was the visit of the Royal Family on\nJune 5, when Queen Elizabeth, Prince Philip, Princess Anne and the Royal Party\nate lunch in the Fort Steele Tearoom and spent several hours touring the museum\nand grounds, riding the Dunrobin train, and chatting informally with the public.\nGood progress was made on construction of the Fort Steele Theatre in preparation for theatrical performances which will be part of next summer's special attractions. Hopefully, the theatre will soon become as popular as Barkerville's Theatre\nRoyal.\nConstruction was completed for the 25- by 140-feet North West Mounted\nPolice horse stable. Interior finishing will be done in the coming spring. A start\nwas made on the 25- by 134-feet barracks, scheduled for completion in 1972. Both\nbuildings are of larch and fir logs, and reconstructed from reference to photos and\nthe original officers' quarters which is the sole survivor of the nine-building post\n DD 94\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nerected in 1887 by the North West Mounted Police under the direction of Superintendent Sam Steele. When these buildings are finished three buildings will remain\nfor reconstruction.\nHer Majesty Queen Elizabeth II, members of the Royal Family, and guests at\nFort Steele Provincial Historic Park on May 5, 1971.\nApproximately one-half mile of railroad track was dismantled at Fernie and\nmoved to the park to enable construction of spur lines into the new railroad equipment shelter. The shelter, approximately 48 by 75 feet, has three stalls which will\nhouse the British Railway coach, and two pieces of rolling stock added this year,\nnamely a Canadian caboose, and an old Shay locomotive. The Shay is in excellent\ncondition and will be used next summer to spell off the Dunrobin. More than\n28,000 persons were transported by the Dunrobin in 1971.\nThe stagecoach was not operated in 1971, but a 30-passenger rubber-tired\nwagon hauled people within the restoration area without charge. The wagon was\ndrawn by two Clydesdale horses as part of a work programme to keep the horses\nusefully occupied. The horses themselves were again a park attraction.\nAttendance at Fort Steele was about the same as in 1970\u00E2\u0080\u0094approximately\n125,000 visitors. It is anticipated that the theatrical performances in the Fort Steele\nTheatre in 1972 will attract even more people to the Park.\nHistoric Commemorations\nTen Stop-of-Interest plaques were cast under a co-operative programme with\nthe Centennial '71 Historic Commemoration Sub-Committee. These were specifically concerned with themes related to British Columbia's joining Canadian Confederation in 1871.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 95\nAlso in co-operation with the Centennial '71 Historic Commemoration Sub-\nCommittee, a history student was employed from mid-May to mid-September to\ntransport a travelling exhibition to 50 communities throughout the Province. The\nexhibition comprised 15 double-sided panels which incorporated photos, engravings,\ndocuments, art work, and pertinent text describing the people and events which led\nto British Columbia's joining Canadian Confederation on July 20, 1871. The\nstudent transported the exhibit according to schedule, erected and dismantled it at\neach location, and probably just as important, helped to interpret to visitors the\nsignificance of British Columbia's entry into Canadian Confederation 100 years\nago. It was a successful project.\n Provincial\nmuseum\nDepartment of Recreation and conservation\n BRITISH COLUMBIA PROVINCIAL MUSEUM\nObjects\n(a) To secure and preserve specimens and other objects which\nillustrate the natural history and the human history of the Province.\n(b) To increase and diffuse knowledge in these fields by research,\nexhibits, publications, and other means.\n(Section 4, Provincial Museum Act, 1967, chap. 41, S.B.C. 1967.)\nAdmission\nThe Provincial Museum is open free to the public. During 1971\nthe hours of admission were:\nJanuary 1 to March 31 10 a.m.-4.30 p.m.\nClosed Mondays.\nApril 1 to September 30 10 a.m.-8.30 p.m.\nDaily.\nOctober 1 to December 31 10 a.m.-4.30 p.m.\nDaily.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 101\nBRITISH COLUMBIA PROVINCIAL MUSEUM\nDr. J. B. Foster, Director\nBritish Columbia has a far more varied terrain than any other province in\nCanada, ranging from desert and rainforest to alpine and sea-coast. As a result,\nour Province is the richest biologically, anthropologically, and historically it is as\nfascinating as any.\nThe British Columbia Provincial Museum is charged with the task of documenting and interpreting this incredible diversity for the public. As a result of our\nnew buildings, located in the focal point of the tourist capital of the Province, our\nvisitor attendance has almost doubled over the last two years to the million mark.\nIn view of the public's unprecedented leisure time and quest for knowledge, we\nbelieve that our Museum has the momentous task of telling our vast audience a\nstimulating and meaningful story about British Columbia. Our consuming interest\nfor many years will be the effort of filling our 100,000 square feet (9,300 square\nmetres) of exhibit area.\nWhile in the year 1970, the Museum channeled most of its resources into getting our display programme for the '70's, \"Project '70,\" off to a good start. In 1971\nwe attempted a more balanced advance in the basic museum undertakings of collection, research, and education. Our goals would have been thwarted in all three\nareas were it not for the generous financial help of other branches and departments,\nparticularly the Department of Public Works, the Ecological Reserves Committee,\nthe Friends of the Provincial Museum, business, and industry.\nThe diorama of Hector Tremblay's homestead near Pouce Coupe recreates\na typical 1910 scene.\nWe obtained some truly exceptional collections during the year, including the\nJohn Watson Historical Collection, the oldest registered flying plane in Canada, a\nremarkable collection of contemporary northwest coast Indian art, the large and\nhistorically important Cadwallader Collection of Kwakiutl art, the J. Austin Bailey\nHerbarium, and the results of the most active summer field programme in archaeology\nthe Province has ever seen.\n DD 102\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nAfter being vacant for about 18 months, the Curator of Marine Biology position\nwas filled by Dr. Alex Peden, who joined the staff in September. Having a curator\nin charge greatly increases the growth rate and proper organization of collections.\nWe can expect details on the acquisition of major collections in the next annual\nreport.\nThe Bird and Mammal Division continued the expensive and time-consuming\ntask of collecting specimens for the new galleries. Financial restrictions resulted\nin minimal production.\nField research got a boost when the Archaeological Division obtained funds\nfrom the Parks Branch under the Accelerated Parks Development Act. The Botany\nand Bird and Mammal Divisions carried out surveys for the acquisition of Ecological\nReserves in co-operation with the Canadian Committee for the International Biological Programme. The Ecological Reserves Act established the agreement that\n100 reserves will be set aside in the Province, hopefully representing all habitat types.\nLaboratory research was concentrated on the production of handbooks, papers,\nand newspaper articles. Research for the details of the new History Galleries continues to be a consuming task.\nOur efforts at collecting specimens and objects, and the research upon them, is\nalways expected to result in some level of educational material for the public. Our\nmuseums' advisor, education officer, and chief of displays stand in the front line\nbetween the Museum's specialists and the general public.\nThe importance of British Columbia's logging industry is illustrated by this recreated\n90-year-old sawmill.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 103\nAs a result of 1971 being British Columbia's Centennial year, our Museums'\nAdviser was particularly busy. He helped to give advice for 10 new museums or\nadditions, all of which were community Centennial projects. At the end of 1971,\nover 100 community museums are operating in the Province.\nThe Museum's Education Officer had a good year, thanks particularly to the\n70 volunteers in the Docent Association and to Indian teachers provided by the\nFirst Citizens' Fund.\nThe History Galleries are the first phase of Project '70. They will occupy some\n25,000 square feet (2,325 square metres) and will be the Museum's first permanent\nexhibit. In accord with our ecological theme, every division in the Museum is involved in the project. Its primary purpose of public education and enlightenment\nwill add a further dimension to museology in British Columbia.\nExhaustion of display funds in August coincided with the first major inflow of\nfinancial support from the business community. As the donations were made to the\nFriends of the Provincial Museum, the moneys were available immediately for the\ngreatest display need. We are very grateful to the businesses which have agreed to\nsponsor galleries in Project '70, not only for the actual dollars which are essential in\nkeeping to our opening date of July 1972, but for the indication of moral support for\nour ambitious undertaking.\nWhile we regret the lengthy passage of time before the opening of Project '70,\nwe intend in no way to sacrifice quality for the sake of a few weeks or months.\nWe intend that our rising tide of visitors will be treated to one of the most educational, entertaining, and relevant history exhibits on the continent. When completed\nnext summer, we shall begin the somewhat easier but equally stimulating task of\nbuilding the Ethnology Galleries.\nThe oft-hidden drive behind the Museum, the Friends of the Provincial\nMuseum, must be one of the most successful societies of its kind. Not only do they\nsupport our education programmes through the Docent Association and help to raise\nmoney for exhibits, they have taken over the operation of the gift shop and netted\nsome $30,000 in their first year. In many corners of the Museum, Friends will\nbe found typing manuscripts, cleaning birds, and carrying out many other essential\nbut often unglamorous tasks. To the Friends, we owe a special thanks.\nArch/eology\nMore primary archaeological research was carried out this year in British Columbia than in the total of all the years preceding 1971. The Provincial Museum's\nArchaeological Division was involved in a major portion of this work.\nA grant of $100,000 to the Division from the Parks Branch under the Accelerated Parks Development Act made most of this extra activity possible. During\nthe year, 51 people, mostly students, were hired out of this fund to participate in the\nfieldwork within Provincial Parks, to assist in the organization of the projects, and\nto help process and analyze the data recovered. Several of these people also volunteered assistance before or after their terms of employment. The senior staff hired\nunder this programme include: Mrs. Gay Boehm, Assistant Curator (temporary);\nJames C. Haggarty, Assistant Curator (temporary); Miss Margaret Howat, Mrs.\nPatricia Schibli (nee Denny), Mrs. Christine Oliver, Wayne Choquette, Technicians;\nDavid Archer, Sharon Keen, Gregory Monks, John Noury, Dennis St. Clair, Summer Field Directors.\nField projects comprised the bulk of the data-collecting phase of the archaeological programme in Provincial Parks this summer:\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Four survey teams covered most of the Provincial parks accessible by road, and\nseveral more in the central coast regions, to record the archaeological sites con-\n DD 104 BRITISH COLUMBIA\ntained in each. Two of these teams consisted of students hired for the summer.\nThe Curator joined a reconnaissance organized by the Fish and Wildlife Branch\nof the Atlin-Upper Taku River areas to record information on sites in parks\nand some other areas of that region. The coastal survey was conducted by Dr.\nDonald Mitchell of the University of Victoria and Bjorn Simonsen, Provincial\nArchaeologist.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 A crew under the Chief Technician's direction excavated portions of site EfQu 3\nin Shuswap Lake Provincial Park, and did a reconnaissance of other sites in\nthe area.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 David Archer directed an excavation crew working at site EbRd 3 in Monck\nProvincial Park on Nicola Lake. They also briefly investigated sites in Kootenay\nregion parks in which future developments were planned.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 John Noury led another crew working on Newcastle Island Provincial Park in\nsites DhRx 6 and DhRx 4.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 A crew under Greg Monks excavated at site DkSb 2 in Saltery Bay Provincial\nPark, and then continued a more intensive excavation at site DhRx 6 on Newcastle Island.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Miss Sharon Keen directed a crew which worked at three sites: DfRu 12, 16, and\n22, in Montague Harbour Provincial Park. For the last two weeks of August\nthe same crew, under the direction of Dennis St. Clair, carried out exploratory\nexcavations at site DcRv 2 in Witty's Lagoon Park, which is administered by the\nCapital Regional District.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 The Curator, with the Provincial Archaeologist and staff members of the Museum,\nspent several days in Anthony Island Provincial Park to re-evaluate the condition\nof totem poles in the 19th-century Haida village of Ninstints (see Wilson Duff\nand Michael Kew, Anthony Island, a Home of the Haidas, in the Provincial\nMuseum Annual Report for 1957), to prepare a contour map of the village and\nto evaluate the archaeological resources of the island.\nPreliminary reports on most of these projects have been completed and filed\nwith the Parks Branch and with the Archaeololgical Sites Advisory Board. More\nintensive analysis of the excavated sites is under way or planned for this winter\nwithin the Division. Mr. Monks is writing about the Saltery Bay excavation as a\nthesis; Dr. Mitchell is writing up the Montague Harbour sites, and the Monck Park\nmaterial will be analyzed by David Wyatt of the University of Victoria.\nOrganization and administration of the Parks' projects were jointly directed by\nthe Curator and the Provincial Archaeologist, Bjorn Simonsen. The appointment of\na full-time Provincial Archaeologist by the Provincial Secretary's Department had\nbeen urged by the Archaeological Sites Advisory Board for some time and took effect\nthis spring. Mr. Simonsen is sharing the Division's office and facilities.\nThe Curator, assisted by George Mutter of Duncan and volunteers, excavated\nduring August and September an important prehistorically occupied rock shelter on\nproperty owned by T. H. Lines near Maple Bay. Mr. Mutter, accompanied sometimes by his sons and by Doug Aitken, had, over a period of several months, walked\nover large areas of steep terrain in the Cowichan region seeking out, mapping sites,\nand reporting them to the Museum. Site DeRv 15, the main object of investigation,\nwas the largest and most important. The Curator and his staff visited many of the\nrock-shelter sites and several other Cowichan sites with Mr. Mutter.\nMembers of the Division spent several days recording the important Monsell\nPetroglyph site which was recently discovered near Nanaimo.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 105\nOther field work carried out by the Division during the year included: a brief\nreconnaissance of Hesquiat Harbour by the Curator, the Chief Conservator, members of the Hesquiat Indian Band, and a representative of the Indian Affairs Branch;\na preliminary tour by the Curator, Mr. Sendey, and Mr. Simonsen, of certain Provincial parks known to have archaeological sites, to assist in planning the summer's\nprojects; a brief return visit in the autumn by Mr. Sendey and Mr. Haggarty to\nShuswap Lake Park to complete mapping of the site and, on the way, to confirm a\nreported find in Ellison Provincial Park; a day trip to the Beach Grove site near\nLadner by Mr. Haggarty to examine a reported disturbance of the site by construction; and several brief checks of known and reported sites in the vicinity of Victoria.\nArchaeological excavation carried out by the Provincial Museum in a rock shelter site,\nDeRv 15, near Maple Bay.\nConsiderable time was given to organization of projects which were executed\nor begun this summer by other organizations. Most significant of these was the\ncultural recovery programme of the Hesquiat Indian Band.\nMrs. Schibli prepared for other Government departments maps of known site\nlocations in areas which have been proposed for development. She prepared a\nsimilar map of the Gulf Islands at the request of the Capital Regional District. A\nmajor programme of filing copies of all archaeological-site records with the Lands\nBranch, as well as with the University of British Columbia, is well under way. Many\nhundreds of new sites have been added to our files this year, and Mrs. Condrashoff\nhas been heavily involved in keeping our files up to date and co-ordinated with the\nrecords of other institutions.\n5\n-J\n DD 106 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nA great deal of \"housekeeping\" has been accomplished this year, including the\nreorganization of project-record files, completion of the osteology catalogue, preparation of a full set of 1:50,000 maps gridded with archaeological unit areas, reorganization of the photographic collection, completion of an inventory, and\norganization of field equipment, the beginning of an artifact collection inventory,\nand the cataloguing of a mass of new acquisitions, and a good portion of the backlog of specimens which, due to earlier staff shortage, it had not been possible to\ncatalogue previously.\nMr. Haggarty and Mrs. Schibli directed the task of sorting and identifying the\nfaunal remains from several excavations. The Birds and Mammals Division assisted\nin providing the use of their comparative skeletal collections. Our staff also collected and prepared skeletons of the male and female of five species of salmon to\nassist in identifying fish remains from archaeological sites.\nThe Curator's thesis, A Study of Factors Relevant to the Interpretation of\nArchaeological Remains on Southeastern Vancouver Island, was accepted by Washington State University for his M.A. degree. The Curator, with Mrs. Condrashoff's\nassistance, prepared an annotated list of radiocarbon dates relevant to British\nColumbia prehistory which was distributed to colleagues. Mr. Sendey continued\nwork on his report of the excavation at Georgeson Bay, assisted latterly by Mr.\nHaggarty.\nMrs. Condrashoff presented talks to 10 classes during the year. Mr. Sendey\ngave five talks in Victoria in addition to conducting regular guided tours for park\nvisitors at his Shuswap Lake excavation. Mr. Abbott addressed the annual seminar\nof the British Columbia Museums Association in Victoria. By special request, tours\nof the Division were given to the BCPM Docents Association and to anthropology\nclasses under Dr. Roberta Hall of the University of Victoria and Prof. Michael\nKew of the University of British Columbia.\nSpecial thanks for assistance given during the year are due to several people,\nespecially: Captain Armstrong, the officers and crew of the Fisheries patrol vessel\nLaurier; to \"Ivor\" and \"Claudia\" of the Loretta A; Mr. Stewart, Assistant Communications Superintendant and H. D. Kirk, Dispatcher at Queen Charlotte City\nfor the British Columbia Forest Service; the Parks Branch; the Capital Regional\nDistrict; Mr. and Mrs. T. H. Lines; David O. Chase; Mr. and Mrs. John Stinnessen;\nMr. and Mrs. Ed Burnett; Mr. and Mrs. Perry Monsell; and all the volunteers who\nassisted in our several field projects and in the laboratory.\nBIRDS AND MAMMALS\nThe major activity of this Division during 1971 was the publishing of a handbook for the Provincial Museum handbook series as well as a number of articles\npertaining to birds and mammals. In this connection, extensive library research\nwas carried out by the Curator.\nField research and display collecting was restricted this year due to limited\nfunds; however, the Museum Director, Curator, and Chief Technician spent four\ndays in March collecting display and study material in the Ashnola-Hedley region\nof the Similkameen Valley. The Assistant Curator spent four days collecting in\nthe Newgate area during the month of April.\nThe Assistant Curator, Chief Technician, and Taxidermist spent five days in\nJuly collecting small mammals and investigating the King Solomon Basin area of\nVancouver Island for indigenous marmots previously recorded there. None was\nfound. In August the Curator spent 10 days collecting display specimens and\nrecording sea bird observations along the west coast of Vancouver Island. The\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 107\nMuseum Director and the Curator spent three weeks in September on a joint\necological reserves survey and museum zoological exploration expedition to the\nBritish Columbia-Yukon region. Field notes on all operations were maintained and\nindexed by species.\nNinety-seven birds and 115 mammals were collected in the course of the field\nresearch activities. An additional 63 specimens of birds and mammals were turned\nin to the Museum by the general public. Most of these specimens were picked up\ndead, and have been designated for pesticide research.\nJohn Hermann-Blome, contract taxidermist, this year completed whole mounts\nof a horse, a mule deer buck, and two bears for future installation in the display\ngalleries. Preliminary work was also carried out on other big-game mammals collected last year for display and study purposes.\nForty-eight birds, three mammals, and 12 fish were prepared for display by\nthe staff taxidermist, who joined the Museum, May 10. In addition, numerous\nmounted specimens from display galleries and the education section were repaired\nand cleaned.\nA total of 250 specimens of birds and mammals was prepared by the Chief\nTechnician for the scientific study collections. Restoration of the bird and mammal\nstudy collections was continued throughout the year by the Assistant Curator with\nthe aid of volunteer workers. Some 7,400 small mammal specimens are now in\nthe new storage cases. About one-quarter of the bird collections (12,000 specimens)\nwas processed this year.\nVolunteer assistants who worked many hours cleaning specimens and other\nprojects include Miss Win Speechly, Mrs. H. R. Hanson, Mrs. Rosa Moody, Mrs.\nStella Heard, David Zuril, and Mrs. Sheila Mercer.\nStaff members took part in conducted tours, lectures and technical demonstrations, meetings and other continuing curatorial activities throughout the year.\nTentative floor plans, species space allotments, and flow diagrams for the Natural\nHistory floor were determined and blueprinted.\nBOTANY\nThe Botany Division is responsible for the collection, preservation, and interpretation of the species and data relevant to the botany of British Columbia.\nThe Botany Division's most notable achievement was the transfer of the\nJ. Austin Bailey Herbarium from the University of Calgary, Alberta. This herbarium\nconsists of some 10,000 mounted sheets of flora, mainly of the Rocky Mountain\narea. We are most fortunate to have Mr. Bailey with us working in our Herbarium.\nField work was extensive in 1971 due to the additional funds obtained from\nthe National Research Council (for ecological surveys) and the Parks Branch for\nspecific projects.\nThere were a number of objectives to be satisfied:\n1. A general botanical collection of the northern flora of the Province\nfor the Herbarium of the Provincial Museum.\n2. An emphasis collection of willows, poplars, birches, and other catkin-\nbearing plants for research purposes and the eventual publication of a\nhandbook.\nThe region of northern British Columbia and the neighbouring\nparts of Yukon, Alberta, Northwest Territories, and Alaska forms an\nimportant centre of speciation and distribution of willows in North\nAmerica, so an effort was made to obtain as complete a collection as\ncould be found of these plants.\n DD 108 BRITISH COLUMBIA\n3. An ecological survey of Liard River Hotsprings Park and botanical\nsamplings of that park and of Mount Edziza, for the Provincial Parks\nBranch, in the former case to provide guidelines for further development in the park.\n4. Surveys of candidate sites for Ecological Reserves in co-operation with\nthe Canadian Committee for the International Biological Programme.\nBetween June and September, the Associate Curator travelled in northern\nBritish Columbia. He was accompanied by David Barrett from the University of\nBritish Columbia. His assistance was supported by a grant from the National\nResearch Council, through the mediation of Dr. Vladimir Krajina, of the Department of Botany at the University of British Columbia. About the beginning of\nJuly, a week was spent in surveys on Stum Lake near Alexis Creek, and in collaboration with Dr. G. G. E. Scudder, of the Department of Zoology at the University of\nBritish Columbia, on Westwick Lake and Becher's Prairie, on the Cariboo Plateau.\nLater in the same month a week was spent at Liard River Hotsprings Park on a\nsurvey of the ecology and the flora of the park. A second, shorter stay was made\nthere later in August in order to sample the late-flowering plant species. A report\non this survey is in preparation, and will include some recommendations regarding\nfurther development of the park, and a species list for the area.\nOther areas sampled botanically included the Atlin district, Haines Road, and\na number of points in the Stikine basin. Short collecting trips were also made in the\nCassiar, Fort Nelson, and Fort St. John areas.\nWhile in the Stikine basin, the Associate Curator made a trip to Mount Edziza\nand collected about a hundred species of alpine plants at altitudes of 6,000 to 7,000\nfeet (1,800 to 2,140 metres).\nA number of short trips were made by the Curator and Associate Curator to:\nOsoyoos, Grand Forks, Tofino, and northern Vancouver Island.\nAn interesting find in the Haines Road area was that of an isolated stand of\nspruce at Kelsall Lake, where, at an elevation of about 3,000 feet (900 metres),\nwhite spruce and Sitka spruce grew in company, together with a hybrid swarm of\nmixed parentage (Picea x Lutzii). This stand is now isolated from the nearest continuous forest by several miles of open alpine tundra.\nAnother find of significant interest was the existence of a hybrid swarm in the\nStikine Valley, involving junipers. Juniperus scopulorum (here at the northern limit\nof tree junipers in North America) occurs /. horizontalis and a most diverse\narray of intergradient forms. /. communis is present also, but does not interbreed\nwith the other species.\nIn connection with the work of the Ecological Committee of the International\nBiological Programme, a number of areas were studied. The Curator, with I. D.\nSmith, Regional Wildlife Biologist, made a preliminary botanical survey of the\nRoosevelt elk summer ranges in the area between Salmon and Nimpkish Rivers on\nVancouver Island. The Associate Curator, with Dr. L. K. Wade of Capilano College, D. Fraser and S. Cannings of the Okanagan-Similkameen Parks Association,\nmade a survey of proposed ecological reserve sites in the Osoyoos area and, with\nDr. E. Oswald and Dr. J. Lee of the Canadian Forest Service, a survey of Nimpkish\nValley on Vancouver Island. S. Schannen, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby,\nmade a collecting trip and ecological survey of the Sheslay River, a project sponsored\nby the Opportunities for Youth programme. A large plant collection with a number\nof valuable records was submitted to our Herbarium.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 109\nThe Herbarium is a permanent record representing the living flora, and every\nmanual, flora, or monograph is based on herbarium specimens. These are available\nfor study by qualified persons. Specimens are not merely evidence of what has been\nrecorded or described, but are also bases for statements concerning geographical\ndistribution, variation within species, and inter-relationships of taxa.\nThe Herbarium collection consists of 56,929 sheets (not including the Bailey\ncollection), which is an increase of 1,725 sheets over the 11 months of 1971. As\nour Herbarium is listed with other herbaria of the world in Index Herbariorum,\nthere has been an increase in requests for loans of our material for study. This year\na total of 693 plants was loaned out for scientific studies to: Oregon State University,\nCorvalis, Oregon; Cornell University, New York; Humboldt State College, California; Eastern Illinois University, Illinois; University of British Columbia, and others.\nHerbarium exchange was continued with the following institutions: National\nMuseum of Canada, Ottawa; Plant Research Institute, Department of Agriculture,\nOttawa; Laval University, Quebec; University of Helsinki, Finland; Museum of\nNatural Science, Ploiesti, Romania; Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R., Moscow;\nUniversity of Alberta, Lethbridge, Alberta, and others. There is a rapidly growing\nlist of institutions that are requesting exchange and study material, but unfortunately\nwe are not able to oblige at the present time due to a shortage of technical staff.\nVarious institutions, game biologists, foresters, agriculturists, naturalists, and individuals have contributed a number of plant collections and individual plant specimen during 1971. Deserving a special mention were the National Museum of\nNatural Sciences, Ottawa (734) consisting of the flora of Revelstoke National Park,\nGlacier National Park, Mount Arrowsmith, and other miscellaneous British Columbia localities; Mrs. G. Mendel, Kitimat; Dr. J. Kuijt, University of Alberta; Dr.\nA. K. Skvortsov, Botanic Garden, Moscow, U.S.S.R.; J. Risse-Sawitski, Prince\nGeorge; Mrs. T. O. Connolly, Atlin; and Dr. R. D. Bird, Saltspring Island.\nSignificant progress was made on preparation of the flora of British Columbia.\nDr. Taylor completed a manuscript for the Legume Family (Leguminosa) and is\nworking on a similar manuscript for the Figwort Family (Scrophulariacem). Dr.\nBrayshaw did further study on the Willow Family (Salicacew) with the completion\nof a number of illustrations. Mr. With completed 70 illustrations for the Rose\nFamily (Rosacea;). The curator and R. Rogers, Conservation Officer, Campbell\nRiver, started an experimental research on restoration of elk winter ranges in the\nGold River area.\nVarious staff members have presented lectures, demonstrations, and participated in field trips on numerous occasions throughout the year, including the annual\nmeeting of the British Columbia Museum Association in Victoria in September.\nIn addition, the Curator participated in three television programmes and made a\nseries of programmes for CBC International Service featuring the flora of British\nColumbia, Ecological Reserves, and the Provincial Museum.\nEthnology\nThe Ethnology Division is responsible for preserving and making available to\nBritish Columbians, especially its First Citizens, the Indian cultures as exemplified\nby its ethnological collection. This collection of material culture dates back to 1892\nand totals approximately 6,500 items. The Museum has been fortunate in being able\nto continue preserving and adding to this priceless heritage.\nThe repatriation of a rare Kwakiutl echo mask that had temporarily left British\nColumbia highlighted 1971. Ethnology Division also purchased, with the assistance\nof the First Citizens' Fund, a large collection which included a rare Chilkat blanket\n6\n DD 110 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nwoven by the late Mrs. Robert Hunt (1823-1919) of Fort Rupert. Other items\npurchased include a Willie Seaweed thunderbird mask and rattle, a Coast Salish\nspirit dancer's paddle shirt, rattle and rattlers, a button blanket, and an argillite pole.\nA major achievement in promoting appreciation and understanding of native\nculture was the opening of the Indian art show, The Legacy. The exhibit, financed\nby the First Citizens' Fund, is the first major show of its kind, bringing together the\nbest examples of the traditional yet contemporary art forms of the major tribal\ngroupings on the Northwest Coast. All the items displayed were commissioned\nspecifically for The Legacy and will remain in the Museum as part of the permanent\ncultural heritage of every British Columbian.\nThe Curator, assisted by Mrs. Gloria Webster and Professor Wilson Duff of\nthe University of British Columbia, made many trips into the field commissioning\nand collecting items for The Legacy exhibition, including trips to Alert Bay, Port\nHardy, Hazelton, Vancouver, Sardis, and Mount Currie. The Curator also spent\na week in Ottawa at the invitation of the National Museum of Man, aiding them\nin photographic identification and research.\nMembers of the Division attended a pole-raising and potlatch given by Chief\nWalter Harris at Kispiox Village in September. Following the events on the Skeena,\nthe Assistant Curator flew to Masset and then to Sandspit, where he joined a Museum\nfield party to Anthony Island, participating in a survey of the Haida totem pole\nvillage of Ninstints. Alan Hoover also made a short trip to Fort Rupert, enabling\nEthnology to obtain for the Province the large and historically important Cad-\nwallader Collection.\nMrs. Susan Douglass spent time in the field and at the Museum assisting Ethnology in textile research. Ethnology was also fortunate in having the co-operation\nof Mrs. Mona Horn of Campbell River, who was able to provide needed information concerning the fascinating and complex study of Kwakiutl-woven Chilkat\nblankets.\nThunderbird Park continues to provide a valuable service to both the Enthology\nDivision and Education Services, as well as to other Government departments and\nthe native people of the Province. Chief Carver Henry Hunt has completed two\nlarge houseposts for the Kwakiutl house which will be the central attraction of the\nforthcoming ethnological display. Assistant Carver Tony Hunt completed a Chief's\nSeat and the painted housefront for the house. Tony Hunt's painted housefront also\nserved as a backdrop for The Legacy.\nThe two apprentices have continued to show progress in their mastery of wood\ncarving under the tutelage of the Hunts. Ron Wilson, a Haida in his second year of\ntraining, has carved an eagle, and repainted a totem pole for the outside display at\nThunderbird Park, as well as carving a beaver totem pole for the city of Prince\nRupert. Ron Hamilton, a Nootkan completing his first year of apprenticeship,\ncontinues to work on copying three fine pieces from the west coast village of Friendly\nCove. Tony Hunt, Ron Wilson, and Ron Hamilton carved a 12-foot totem pole\nfor the Provincial Secretary's Department. All four carvers have assisted in teaching\nfor both Ethnology and Education Services, as well as manufacturing a number\nof material-culture items to serve as teaching-aids for Education Services. Tony\nHunt and Ron Hamilton represented the Ethnology Division at a double-pole raising\nat Masset in September. The poles were carved by Lawrence Bell, a former apprentice carver at Thunderbird Park.\nA number of lectures and tours were given to various members of the public\nby the Ethnology Division in 1971. The Curator lectured to the Vancouver Island\nRegion Boy Scouts Association, presented a lecture and seminar on the \"Ethics of\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 111\nCollecting\" at the British Columbia Museum's Association Conference in September,\nand a lecture in November entitled \"Contemporary Kwakiutl Village Life\" for the\nUniversity of British Columbia Extension Department. With the able assistance of\nthe Hunt family he presented the dramatic performance, \"A Visit to the Home of\nBakbakwalanooksiwae, the Cannibal-at-the-North-End-of-the-World\" to both the\nBCMA Conference in September and for the UBC Extension Department in October.\nThe Assistant Curator, aided by the Technician, gave guided tours and set up special\ndisplays for the Fraser Valley Weavers Guild, Mrs. Audrey Hawthorn's UBC\nmuseology class, and Dr. Michael Kew's UBC anthropology class.\nAnother major area of public service provided by Ethnology involves the\nanswering of numerous requests for both information and photographs concerning\nnative culture in British Columbia. Besides written requests, Ethnology also has\nmany visitors, students, and native peoples interested in various aspects of material\nculture. The ethnological collection thus serves as a large body of knowledge available to students, teachers, and most importantly, the descendants of those people\nwho produced it.\nPerhaps the most significant internal event was the appointment in August of\nEthnology's capable technician, Miss Barbara Routley. Miss Routley has concentrated her time and effort in the continued organization of the vast and increasingly important photographic collection.\nSince September 1970, the Provincial Museum has given research space to\nDr. Barbara S. Efrat so that she could pursue her linquistic studies of native Indian\nlanguages as Honorary Curator of Linguistics. During this past year she has collected data on two moribund Coast Salish languages, Straits (the Saanich, Songish,\nand Sooke dialects) and Nooksack. During the winter, Dr. Efrat gave talks\nto both the Linguistics Club at the University of Victoria and the Vancouver Island\nArchaeological Society on \"Linguistic Acculturation in Straits Salish.\" In September a review of Aert Kuipers' \"The Squamish Language\" was submitted to Language,\nthe journal of the Linguistic Society of America. Current work-in-progress includes\nresearch on comparative straits phonology (with Dr. L. C. Thompson of the University of Hawaii) and an article on some phonological problems in Sooke which\nwill appear in a Festschrift for Prof. A. A. Hill, University of Texas.\nTo gather as much material about the native Indian languages of the Province\nas possible, a Resource Repository for British Columbia Indian Languages and\nCultures has been established with the assistance of the First Citizens' Fund. The\nrepository was established in January 1971, under the direction of Randy Bouchard\nand David Grubb. Through the programme the languages are being revitalized in\norder to maintain one of the most important aspects of any culture\u00E2\u0080\u0094the oral\ntradition.\nIn gathering these materials, several useful purposes are served. First, the\nhistory and traditions are preserved for posterity; secondly, the data collected can\nbe made available for the study and general information of the public, so that a\ngreater awareness of the rich heritage of the Indian peoples can be stimulated; and,\nthirdly, but perhaps most importantly, native Indian people are being trained to\ndo the work themselves, so that the revival, or at least preservation comes primarily\nfrom within, rather than from outsiders who do not have such a vested interest in\nthese traditions.\nAt present, there are 13 Indian people who are at various stages of learning to\nread and write their own languages using a practical writing system devised on\nlinquistic principles. These specialists are responsible for the collection, translation,\nand transcription of the legends, myths, ethnographic texts, and other language\n DD 112\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nmaterials of their people. Copies of their work are stored at the Resource Repository\nfor safe keeping; copies which so far amount to approximately 1,100 hours of taped\nmaterials in 15 different languages in the Province, as well as a considerable amount\nof written materials.\nHISTORY\nThe History Division is responsible for developing and maintaining object\ncollections pertaining to the Province's non-Indian population. Following from the\naccession and cataloguing stages in collections development are a multitude of tasks\nincluding: Historical research, object analysis, restoration, publications, exhibits,\nand participation in both classroom and public education programmes. Because\nProject '70 accelerated these processes, 1971 was a year in which the Division moved\nrapidly toward achieving its main goals.\nProject 70's street scene during the early stages of construction.\nFor the year, our collecting efforts have been most active and unusual; the\ndemand for historical objects brought on by the Project '70 exhibit programme has\nbeen far greater than our holdings could provide. Thus, we have sought relevant\nartifacts at every opportunity. Appeals through radio, television, and the press have\nproduced remarkable results, as have requests for permanent loans from other\nmuseums. Occasionally we have been able to trade redundant items for objects\nmore suited to the display, while various commercial firms, associations, and corporations have generously contributed toward making historically accurate those\ngalleries that reflect their own antecedents. Other Government departments, organ-\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 113\nized labour, primary industries, the Canadian Armed Forces, commercial outlets,\nmanufacturers, transport companies, universities, libraries, museums, and the media\nhave responded warmly to our requests for advice, funds, objects, and services.\nAmong the major accessions was John Watson's entire collection of domestic\nand light machinery artifacts from his Crossroads Museum near Ladysmith, purchased for $25,000. Originally gathered almost entirely from Vancouver Island,\nthe Watson Collection is being catalogued and its 10,000 items will markedly\nstrengthen Project '70.\nThe oldest registered airplane still flying in Canada, Mel Price's Fleet II\nCF-AOD) biplane, was the second major accession. It has been restored to its\noriginal condition and it will be featured in \"The Metropolis: 1921-1971\" gallery\nof Project '70. The aircraft flew in British Columbia from 1930 to 1971, and it is\na striking symbol of the twentieth century. Used in prospecting, bush-flying, training, and recreational roles, the \"Fleet II\" is truly a museum piece, and one that\npromises to stimulate the imaginations of British Columbians who see it.\nDan Gallacher shows naval personnel around Project 70's street scene.\nThe History Division's main efforts have been concerned with Phase I of\nProject '70. These history galleries will be the first major display in the Provincial\nMuseum. The exhibits will embody the highlights of British Columbia's past from\n1741 to the present.\nThere are four main galleries that emphasize commonplace events. By concentrating on fundamental historical patterns, we show the basic elements and\nlegacies of civilization in British Columbia. Hence, our story is divided into four\nmajor parts:\n DD 114 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nThe Metropolis: 1921-1971.\nUrbanization and Industrialization: 1871-1921.\nThe Gold Rush Era: 1849-1900.\nFur Trade and Exploration: 1741-1860.\nEach gallery will focus through artifacts and structures upon technological\nchange, social development, and ecological consequences to portray how our society\nhas evolved through one era at a time. Because historical accuracy and interpretation are so vital, our research activities in 1971, coupled with field trips to the\nKootenay district, Peace River district, Chilcotin, and Cariboo, have centred on\nthese exhibits with the goal of thoroughly investigating every operation and geographic area that we have chosen to discuss in the displays. Furthermore, every\npublic lecture and tour given during 1971 by the Curator dealt mainly with these\ndisplays, including those talks delivered to the British Columbia Historical Society,\nthe British Columbia Museums Association, and the Canadian Museums Association.\nIn response to the many requests for advice on interviewing pioneers and other\nnotable British Columbians, this Division organized the first Oral History workshop\nheld in this Province. Aimed primarily at delegates to the BCMA Annual Seminar,\nit was the first in a series to be given over the next two years in various centres\nthroughout the Province. Topics discussed at this workshop were: Applications of\nOral History, Basic Research Methods, Equipment, Interviewing. For those who\nwish information about Oral History, see D. T. Gallacher, \"Oral History for British\nColumbia: 1971,\" Museum Roundup 44: 35-40.\nMARINE BIOLOGY\nThe activities of the Division were limited during 1971 until the Curator\narrived late in September. The Honorary Curator ably handled routine matters\nconcerning marine collections prior to the Curator's arrival.\nThe initial objectives of the Division of Marine Biology are the acquisition and\nmaintenance of representative collections of British Columbia's marine fauna.\nPrimarily, the specimens provide reference and study material for research;\nhowever, where needed, they also supplement the Museum's educational and display\nprogrammes. Although all groups of marine organisms are being sought, the\ngreatest expansion will be first in the fish collections because of the Curator's interests\nin ichthyology. The list of fishes and other organisms occurring off British Columbia\nis rapidly expanding with the continued exploration of adjacent coastal waters.\nConsequently, research activity has centred on documentation of new records from\nthis fist.\nThe ultimate direction of the research programme is to investigate through\nlaboratory and field activity the taxonomy, distribution, and ecological relationships\nof the Province's incompletely known marine fauna. To be effective, the Marine\nDivision will soon adopt more specific research goals; however, if a well cared-for\nand sufficiently representative collection is obtained, researchers from other institutions should also find it worthwhile to either visit the collection or borrow specimens,\nand thus further the Division's over-all aim.\nIn this age of environmental awareness, many organisms which seemed to be\nof little use in the past are now realized to have significant roles in the marine\necosystem. Considering that some of British Columbia's fishes with commercial\npotential are still being described for the first time, while others which are little used\nby North Americans have attracted foreign fishing vessels to the Canadian coast,\nan increased awareness of the variety and potential of British Columbia's marine\nlife is needed if such resources are to be wisely used. Through research and public\neducation, the Marine Division can accentuate this awareness.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 115\nAfter the Curator's appointment to fill the position left vacant by the untimely\ndeath of Dr. Clifford Carl, his immediate task was the reorganization and sorting\nof the fish, amphibian, reptile, marine invertebrate, and insect collections. He is\nalso organizing a new catalogue system which should facilitate faster information\nretrieval from the marine collections. This will allow data from these collections\nto be incorporated with the computerized systems now used on fish collections at\neither the National Museums of Canada or the University of British Columbia.\nMarine invertebrates were sorted to either phyla or major classes and evaporated\npreservative replaced.\nDr. Derek Ellis of the University of Victoria sorted his large marine invertebrate collections in the Museum and left excellent reference material. To facilitate\nthen convenience for future study, the Curator sorted the fish collections, checked\nspecies identifications, and is now transferring the specimens from formalin to\nisopropyl alcohol solutions. Although the entomology and herpetology collections\ndo not fall within the definition of marine biology, they are being cared for until\nother personnel can work with them. Since the herpetology collection is valuable\nand relatively small and because the Curator has some experience in this field, the\namphibian and reptile collections will remain in the Marine Biology Division.\nNumerous fish specimens were donated to the Museum during 1971 and\nseveral of these form the basis of reports that will be published in 1972. A large\ncollection from the University of Washington, in Seattle, provided the most noteworthy accession of fishes during the past year. To supplement study material\nalready at the Provincial Museum and to continue work undertaken by the Curator\nbefore his arrival in Victoria, several collections of the Zoarcid fish genera Both-\nrocara, Embryx, Lycenchelys, and Lycodapus were borrowed from the National\nMuseums in Ottawa, Ontaro, and Washington, DC Although probably numerous,\nvery little is known about the occurrence of these fishes off the west coast.\nDr. Hart continued the organization of the Museum's reptant decapod crustaceans and worked on a museum handbook for the crabs and hermit crabs of\nBritish Columbia. During the year, Mrs. Katherine D. Hobson, who is studying\nsystematics of polychaete worms from the southern British Columbia region, used\nresearch space in the Division. Dr. D. J. Faber of the Canadian Oceanographic\nIdentification Centre in Ottawa also used the Marine Division's facilities during his\nfield trip last summer. Mr. Strong continued his study on garter snakes.\nDr. Hart made a very profitable collecting trip abroad the Fisheries Research\nBoard of Canada's G. B. Read and secured many valuable crustacean and fish\nspecimens from deep-water dredge hauls off the British Columbian coast.\nEXHIBITS\nProject '70 is a four-phase exhibit plan, each consuming about two years'\nwork and each covering a one-half floor of total exhibit space of 100,000 square\nfeet (9,300 square metres). When finished, Project '70 will stand for about 20\nyears; it will have cost more than $1,500,000; and, during its lifetime, more than\n40,000,000 people will view it. Designed as the Museum's first permanent display, these galleries will present British Columbia's natural and human history.\nConstruction of Phase I, the History Galleries, began in July 1970. These\nexhibits will depict the history of the white man's culture in British Columbia.\nThe visitor begins in the present and steps back through time from The Metropolis\nto Urbanization and Industrialization, the Gold Rush, and finally Fur Trade and\nExploration.\n DD 116 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nBy the end of 1971 all carpentry and services for the first three major parts\nof the History Galleries were completed. The Metropolis, a street scene, shows\nurbanization and industrialization reminiscent of circa 1900. Twelve buildings,\ntotalling 22 rooms, stores, garage, bedroom, saloon, and others, are now finished,\nplastered, painted, varnished, ready for labels and didactic. Each structure\nis a replica approximately two-thirds scale of a building that existed either in\nVictoria, Vancouver, New Westminster, or Nanaimo. The collections will be\nplaced in the structures when the work of the Display Division ends.\nTo complete the Industrialization Galleries, a 42-foot diorama centres the\nagriculture section, complete with horse, manure, snake fence, settler's cabin, and\nthreshing machine. The diorama, painted by Frank Beebe, features the Pouce\nCoupe region of British Columbia. Other Industrialization Galleries include the\nfish-packing house overlooking the Port Essington diorama (including seagulls, fish\nscale, and a large didactic area showing the various types of fishing in the Province\nat the turn of the century), and the lumber industry area, flanked by large photo\nmurals and featuring an original restored sawmill of the 1900's.\nThe Gold Rush era is represented by a Cornish waterwheel complex under\nconstruction and will be supported by a 38-foot open diorama.\nFur Trade and Exploration Galleries were framed, ready for plastering, by\nthe end of the year. Certainly, one of the highlights of the display will be Captain\nVancouver's ship, one-quarter of which, the stern section, is being constructed\nexactly to the same scale as the original. Visitors who come on board HMS\nDiscovery will experience the smells, sounds, and sights of sailing days. Vancouver's cabin, his sleeping quarters, and his first mate's cabin will be open to view.\nJ. E. Roberts, a Vancouver structural engineer, spent many years of research on\nthe Discovery, and has been contracted as consultant for this unusual project.\nProject '70 started July 7, 1970, and was to be completed by the end of 1971;\nhowever, the lack of an adequate budget has turned our opening date into a question\nmark. By the end of August 1971 our budget for this year ran out, and our survival\nfor production was due to the outstanding help given to us by the Department of\nPublic Works. From engineers to electricians and plasterers, they have made it\npossible for us to keep on schedule.\nWhile most of our efforts have been concentrated on Project '70, many small\nprojects had to be carried out. For instance, the design, supervision of construction,\nand installation of objects for The Legacy\u00E2\u0080\u0094temporary gallery of contemporary\nIndian art; and the preliminary designs for the natural-history floor, designs and\ngraphics for Museum publications, brochures, folders, education pamphlet illustrations, lecture and art-work for the BCMA Seminar and a score of travelling displays\nto install or supervise.\nSummary of Events\nHighlights:\nJuly 1971\u00E2\u0080\u0094Completion of Urbanization Gallery.\nAugust 1971\u00E2\u0080\u0094Opening of The Legacy.\nDecember 1971\u00E2\u0080\u0094Completion of three Industrial Galleries, completion\nof all framing, plumbing, and wiring for the white man exhibit.\nThroughout the year\u00E2\u0080\u0094temporary exhibits of:\nCommunity Arts Council of Greater Victoria.\nCapital Region Fine Art Committee.\nCanadian Institute of Forestry.\nHandicapped People Arts and Crafts.\nCanadian Imperial Bank of Commerce Coin Collection.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 117\nCrown Zellerbach Forestry Exhibit.\nVictoria Hand Weavers Guild.\nGreater Victoria Secondary School Art Show.\nB.C. Telephone Antique Telephones Display.\nLogging Paintings by J. C. Griffiths.\nMonarch Life Assurance Company Paintings by Clarence Tillenius.\nVictoria Sketch Club.\nParks Branch Centennial Travelling Display.\nCONSERVATION\nThe Conservation Division is responsible for the physical welfare of the\nMuseum's collections, with special concern for those of the human history divisions.\nThis general responsibility embraces the preventive procedures necessary to the\ncare of the collections during storage and display, the provision of guidance and\nassistance to other divisions to ensure safety in handling and transportation, and\nthose aspects of collections maintenance commonly referred to as \"restoration.\"\nIt seeks to develop improved techniques in all these fields and conducts technical\nexaminations of objects in support of the research programmes of other divisions.\nIt also provides an advisory service to other museums and to the general public.\nThe major activities of the Division in 1971 were unusually varied, with long-\nawaited equipment and facilities coming into use and, for the first time, permitting\nthe establishment of a systematic routine. The work of repairing fragile and\nvaluable objects is necessarily slow, and may take considerably longer than the\nconstruction of the displays which will eventually contain them. Therefore, with\nthe completion of Project '70 scheduled for July 1972, it was necessary to anticipate,\nby at least a year, the transfer of the Display Division's main effort, from history to\nethnology. Thus, the main effort in Conservation underwent the same deliberate\nshift of emphasis early in the year. One of the most difficult tasks in Conservation\nis the delicate removal of modern overpainting in order to recover traces of original\npainted designs. Heavy accumulations of modern paint were successfully removed\nfrom several Northwest Coast Indian pieces, revealing beautiful original designs in\nnative pigments. A wide variety of other objects, ranging from masks and baskets\nto button blankets and aprons, was cleaned and repaired, and a large number of\nargillite carvings, most of which had been previously broken and very poorly repaired,\nwas cleaned, dismantled, and rebuilt.\nThe spectacular exhibition of modern Indian art, The Legacy, which opened\nin August, was the subject of a happy collaboration with the Divisions of Ethnology\nand Display. Precisely fitted individual mounts were designed and made for many\nof the objects, so that future exhibitors will be able to handle them safely.\nA continuing responsibility which, because of its urgency, cannot be pre-empted\nby other demands, is the emergency consolidation of waterlogged or extremely fragile\nexcavated archaeological material, which would otherwise disintegrate very rapidly.\nWith the main vacuum impregnation plant not yet operational, it has been necessary\nto improvise equipment from standard laboratory hardware. Material requiring\nsuch treatment normally constitutes only a small, fairly constant flow; but the improvised equipment has functioned well, despite the greatly increased volume of\nexcavated material resulting from this year's remarkable acceleration in archaeological activity.\nThe task of cleaning fragile objects is now greatly assisted by a sophisticated\nnew tool which was brought into use in September. The \"Airbrasive\" unit is a\nvery sensitive and versatile instrument which permits the safer and much more rapid\n DD 118 BRITISH COLUMBIA\ncleaning of many delicate materials which previously could only have been cleaned\nslowly, laboriously, and at some risk. Only two other such instruments are in use\nin Canadian museums.\nThe routine duties of the Division, which are often as commonplace and monotonous as they are essential, continue despite the more interesting work which\nmay be in progress. Two volunteers who have been especially helpful were Mrs.\nAnn Krahn and Miss Barbara Wade. The Collections Condition Record, introduced\nlast year, has grown rapidly and has already proved to be an invaluable source of\ninformation. The increasing labour of maintaining the Record clearly reflects the\nvolume of work passing through the laboratory.\nAnother indication of the growth of some parts of the Museum's collections has\nbeen the increasing attention of the Division to the problems of pest control. A\nprogramme of inspection and treatment has been established, and throughout the\nyear the Division has assisted the Department of Public Works with the modification\nof the fumigation chambers to ensure the maximum safety in operation. It is hoped\nthat they may be ready for use early in 1972.\nThe Division was very active in the field of museum training, with the Chief\nConservator serving as co-instructor in the two Canadian Museums Association\nseminars (\"Registration and Records\" in April and \"Care of Collections\" in October) given at the Museum during the year. A workshop on Conservation was held\nas part of the British Columbia Museums Association annual seminar in September.\nIn all, some 40 lectures and demonstrations were given to students and members of\nmuseums' associations.\nIn February, at the invitation of the Secretary of State, the Chief Conservator\nattended the conference \"Consultation I: Museums '70-f-,\" at which the Federal\nGovernment's new programme of assistance to Canadian museums was announced.\nField operations were severely limited by financial restrictions. While members\nof the Division took part in two important expeditions under the aegis of other divisions (the brief archaeological reconnaissance to Hesquiat in March and the more\nextensive survey at Ninstints in September), the only field work conducted by the\nConservation Division was the recovery of three totem poles from Prince Rupert in\nJune. Three large Haida poles had been removed from the Queen Charlotte Islands\n(two from Ninstints and the third from Tanu) in 1936 and erected in Alder Park\nby the City of Prince Rupert. By the autumn of 1970, the poles had become unsafe\nand the city offered them to the Museum on condition that it accepted responsibility\nfor their safe removal from the park and their transportation to Victoria. Accordingly, in June, Mr. Ward and J. E. Waters of the Display Division supervised the\nremoval of the poles by a city public works crew, and during the following week\nthey were brought to Esquimalt aboard HMCS St. Croix.\nEDUCATION SERVICES\nIf an interpretation programme in a museum is to succeed, it must have its basis\nin drama. Drama is a participatory medium, and the goal of educators today is\nmaximum participation on the part of the student. How many museum educators\ntake this into account?\nWhen a group of students visit the British Columbia Provincial Museum,\ndocents endeavour to salt the special interest tours with dramatic effects. For\ninstance, every Digging Up the Past lesson involves digging to find real artifacts and,\nfrom all the information gathered from the related matrix, profiles, and artifacts, a\nstudent reconstructs history of early man. In the Beachcombing lesson, children\nhandle live specimens of sea life, including plankton, while they learn about the\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 119\ndelicate ecological balance of the Pacific Ocean's tidal areas. In an unstructured\nlesson, Safari, kindergairten and primary-school children move at their own speed\namong colourful modules holding \"touchable\" birds and mammals. Surprisingly,\nthe children are so gentle that only two specimens had to be repaired in a period\nof three months. High school students take part in a dramatic Kwakiutl dance\nunder the direction of an Indian instructor. This programme, People of the Potlatch,\nleads the participants from contemporary Indian life back to the way of life of the\nIndian 200 years ago.\nChildren of Grades IV to VI have the opportunity to feel the\ncreatures of the tidal areas of the Pacific Coast.\n\"Digging up the past\" demonstrates participatory learning as\nGrade VH students learn how precise an archaeologist must be\nin order to learn about the past.\nThe dramatic aspects of a lesson can succeed best with small groups of children.\nMaximum number for each lesson is 40, and on hand for every 40 children are four\nto eight docents who assist the children in their experiences at the Museum.\nEven in the special classes, on Saturday and during the summer class, sizes are\nlimited to 12. Crawly Creatures, Sea and Shore, Fossil Fun, Discover Victoria,\nWigo (What Is Going On), and Kumtuks were devised for the greatest amount of\nparticipation.\nThe summer programme was held in co-operation with the Greater Victoria\nSchool District Summer Happening.\nOne method to draw closer together the Indian and White cultures is to\ndramatically present traditional and modern ideas of one to the other. To do this,\nthe Education Services Division has devised a number of programmes prepared and\ncarried out by Indian people who are eager to create cultural understanding among\nall peoples.\n DD 120\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nTwo Indian teachers are employed for this purpose under the sponsorship of\nthe First Citizens' Fund. Mrs. Jillian Laing is in charge of Indian Adult Education\nand until her illness in September, Mrs. Helen Hunt was in charge of Indian programmes for children. She continued the fine work of Mrs. Maxine Pape who left\nemployment in February.\n\"That's how I became a dancer,\" says Emma Hunt to volunteer Yvonne Bridge and Grade IV students in the programme\nPeople of the Pot latch.\nGambling games are part of the potlatch programme taught by Maxine Pape and\nvolunteers Hazel Hall, Elizabeth Clement, and Anna Reeves.\nTo extend the services of the Museum to the summer visitors, Indian guides\nwere hired under the sponsorship of the First Citizens' Fund. They were Margaret\nVickers, Ardyth Cooper, Rod Naknakin, and Sheila Cooper, who worked from\nMay 1 to August 30.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 121\nDuring the year, various programmes were initiated with adults in mind. They\nincluded the dancing and stories of the West Coast people, The Hesquiaht Dancers;\nthe annual series of illustrated talks, Heritage Court Presents; Netsilik Eskimo film\nseries in 10 parts, cosponsored with the National Film Board; Struggle for Canada,\na nine-part series cosponsored with the Victoria branch of the British Columbia\nHistorical Society and the National Film Board; Queen's Trips to Canada, a series of\nfilms cosponsored with the National Film Board on May 4; Matsqui Indian Show;\nThe World Around Us, an illustrated lecture series cosponsored with Camosun\nCollege.\nTo encourage new teachers to use the Museum to their best advantage, University of Victoria student teachers taught the \"History of British Columbia\" at the\nMuseum during their February practicums. Arrangements were also made for some\nsmall \"special\" classes to spend full school time at the Museum for periods of\ntwo weeks.\nThe momentum of activity continues during the year because 70 volunteers\nworked 6,500 hours encouraging learning of the 20,000 students who came to the\nmuseum this year.\nThe Education Officer, whose work it is to co-ordinate the programmes, to\ntrain the volunteers in the annual docent course, also took active part in the professional associations. She was programme co-ordinator for the 15th annual British\nColumbia Museums Association Seminar in Victoria, September 22-25, and at the\nannual Canadian Museums Association Convention in Saskatoon, May 24-29, she\nwas named chairman of the Education Section programme for the 1972 convention.\nSpecial displays in the Division were:\nMasks\u00E2\u0080\u0094South Park School.\nArt by Definition\u00E2\u0080\u0094Glenlyon School.\n3-D Art\u00E2\u0080\u0094Central Junior Secondary School.\nFossils of British Columbia\u00E2\u0080\u0094Fossil Fun Club.\nBritish Columbia Heritage of Bottles\u00E2\u0080\u0094Victoria Glass and Bottle Society.\nNature Colour Photography\u00E2\u0080\u0094Wally Bishop.\nCarved Birds\u00E2\u0080\u0094Lillian Sweeney.\nWhat Are You Doing?\u00E2\u0080\u0094Environmental Literature Display.\nTo give information to the public about the Museum and it's services, the\nEducation Officer took part in three television programmes, on Channels 6 and 10,\nassisted in the \"Volunteer Day\" programme at the Newcombe Auditorium, and\ngave 25 talks to teachers and other adult groups. Mrs. Laing gave demonstrations\nat nine schools, assisted many teachers who needed ideas and advice for stimulating\ntheir Indian students, and co-operated in programmes with Camosun College and\nMalaspina College, Nanaimo.\nMUSEUMS' ADVISER\nThe long-range objective of the Division continues to be the advancement of\ncommunity museums to a recognized level as cultural and educational institutions\nwithin the area they serve. Training programmes, technical advice, and assistance\nin all phases of museum operation co-ordinated by the Museums' Adviser, John\nKyte, are effectively being used to improve museum standards throughout the\nProvince.\nAs community Centennial projects, 10 new museums or additions to existing\nfacilities were established during the year, and in nearly all cases assistance in\npreliminary planning was provided by this Division. The incorporation of suggested modifications into initial architectural drawings ensured the more efficient use\nof space conforming to acceptable modern museum design.\n DD 122 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nSince most community museums depend upon the services of volunteers as\ntheir work force, the lack of expertise continues to hamper development. Recognizing the need for museum training, particularly in the small and often isolated community museums, seminars sponsored by the Canadian Museums Association are\nbeing co-ordinated with the Museum Adviser's programme. Intensive three-day\nworkshops providing elementary training in museum records, registration, and care\nof collections have resulted in 45 members from institutions on Vancouver Island\nand the Lower Mainland receiving instruction in various phases of small museum\noperation. The excellent response to initial workshops has accelerated plans for\ntraining programmes by instituting workshops at key locations throughout the\nProvince.\nThe 1971 seminar of the British Columbia Museums Association, held at the\nProvincial Museum in Victoria, again was one of the highlights of the year. Involvement by the Museums' Adviser was confined mainly to the development of a two-day\nworkshop and lecture programme relating to modern museum methods and techniques. Changed slightly in format from previous years, the workshops were longer\nin duration, more comprehensive in content, and with an emphasis placed on student\npatrticipation where possible.\nMuseum development advanced appreciably during the year, boosted by the\nCentennial, the expansion of museum training, and, equally important, a noticeable\nupsurge in public awareness. By the end of 1971, more than 100 community museums will be operating in the Province with at least a dozen historical societies or\nsimilar organizations seeking ways and means of establishing museums to house\nlocal collections. Through correspondence, visits to museums, newsletters, annual\nmeetings, and other means, contact continues to be maintained with all organizations.\nThe Provincial Museum, as the foremost institution in the Province, holds a position\nof leadership and consequently those working in the smaller museums consider it a\ndependable source of advice and help.\nFRIENDS OF THE PROVINCIAL MUSEUM\n1971 was the first full year of operation for the Friends of the Provincial\nMuseum, and it was a busy and productive year. One new society, The Victoria\nGlass and Bottle Collectors Society, joined the \"Friends\" in September, bringing the\ntotal membership to 11 societies. At the end of the year the possibility of individual\nmembership was being examined. The Directors met regularly on the second Wednesday of each month, except for July and August.\nThe first annual meeting of the society was held on January 27, 1971, and all\nmember societies were invited to send observers. Reports from the officers and\ncommittee chairmen were received, the new directors took office, and, at the meeting\nof the directors which followed, the following officers were elected:\nDouglas Turnbull, President.\nMrs. Joan Ruskowski, Vice-President.\nMiss Winnifred Speedily, Secretary.\nMrs. L. Pamela Lewis, Treasurer.\nOne of the major activities of the society was the operation of the Museum\ngift shop. This was operated throughout the year by an active committee chaired\nby Mrs. D. A. Ross and a group of very hard-working and efficient volunteers numbering about 30. As well as Museum publications, a good stock of books was built\nup relative to Museum interests. The gift shop was fortunate in arranging to sell\nthe art work of a number of outstanding native artists and was able to offer to\nMuseum visitors an excellent selection of art objects and handicrafts. The operation\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1971 DD 123\nof the gift shop, in addition to providing a real service to Museum visitors, resulted\nin a profit of the order of $30,000, and $14,000 was made available to the \"Friends\"\nfor their use in furthering the objectives of the Museum.\nGood progress was made in providing a suitable memorial for Dr. G. Clifford\nCarl, former Director of the Provincial Museum. A committee, chaired by Dr. D. B.\nSparling, worked actively throughout the year. Gifts were solicited from a large\nnumber of people and organizations, and three special benefit programmes were held\nin the Newcombe Auditorium of the Provincial Museum. The assistance of the\nVictoria Amateur Movie Club, the British Columbia Museums Association, and of\nC. P. Lyons, as well as a substantial donation of $1,500 from the British Columbia\nCultural Fund, are gratefully acknowledged. Several further benefit programmes\nare proposed for early in 1972.\nThe first memorial project was the G. Clifford Carl Memorial Bursary, under\nwhich a sum of $300 is to be awarded annually to a deserving student entering third\nor fourth year in the Faculty of Education, University of Victoria, and specializing in\nthe biological sciences. The capital sum of $5,000 required to support this bursary\nhas been deposited with the University of Victoria Foundation.\nA second memorial project is to be the establishment of a suitable reading room\nand library in the Department of Biology at the University of Victoria. A good start\nhas been made on this project and it is proposed to complete it during the first half\nof 1972.\nThe renovation of the original schoolhouse of St. Ann's Academy, which was\nundertaken as a project under the chairmanship of Mrs. Dorothy Hanson, made little\nprogress since movement of the building to a new location near the Museum by the\nVictoria Real Estate Board was delayed by various problems.\nThe society assisted in the arrangements for the Annual Seminar of the British\nColumbia Museums Association in September.\nA fine secretaire-bookcase made for the Hudson's Bay Company in 1865 by\nJeffrys of Victoria was purchased by the society in September and donated to the\nMuseum.\nThe society accepted a number of substantial donations on behalf of the\nMuseum. These were as follows:\nMcGill and Orme Limited\u00E2\u0080\u0094$500 for a drug-store display. (First instalment of a gift to total $2,500.)\nThe Hudson's Bay Company\u00E2\u0080\u0094$2,000 for a fur-trade gallery. (First\ninstalment of a gift to total $10,000.)\nCanadian Pacific Limited\u00E2\u0080\u0094$10,000 for a railway station display.\nThe T. Eaton Company\u00E2\u0080\u0094$10,000 for a clothing store.\nThe Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce\u00E2\u0080\u0094$5,000 for a gold-rush gallery. (First instalment of a gift to total $15,000.)\nAt the end of the year the society was actively investigating, with members of\nthe Museum staff, a number of projects in which it might assist the Museum.\nThanks for this successful year are due to many people; to the member societies for their support; to the many volunteers for their excellent work; and to the\nstaffs of the Museum and other organizations for their willing co-operation and help.\nPUBLICATIONS\nAndre, Jean-Jacques. Museum Exhibit Guidelines. Museum Roundup, 44:30-32.\nFoster, J. Bristol. Man Must Live In Harmony With Nature. The Victoria Daily\nTimes, May 6, p. 5.\n As We Destroy Environment We Destroy Ourselves. The Victoria Daily\nTimes, June, p. 5.\n DD 124 BRITISH COLUMBIA\n Too Many People? Baby Just Wait! The Victoria Daily Times, June 29,\np. 5.\n The Tale of Two New Lavish Museums. Museum Roundup, 43, July.\nGallacher, Daniel T. B.C. Centennial Dash. Sentinel, Canadian Armed Forces,\nApril, pp. 26, 27.\n Search History to Find Identity. The Victoria Daily Times, September 18.\n The Provincial Museum's History Exhibit Programme. Museum Roundup, 41:16, 17.\n When Quantity is as Vital as Quality\u00E2\u0080\u0094The Need to Know How Much\nVisitors Learn at British Columbia's Museums. Museum Roundup, 43:48, 49.\n Oral History for British Columbia: 1971. Museum Roundup, 43:35-40.\n The National Dream by P. Berton. Museum Roundup, 41:49, 50 (review).\n S. S. Beaver. The Ship That Saved The West by D. Pethek. Museum\nRoundup. 42:46, 47 (review).\n Future Shock by A. Toffler. Museum Roundup, 43:44 (review).\nThe Last Spike by P. Berton. Museum Roundup, 44:58, 59 (review).\nGuiguet, Charles J. A List of Sea Bird Nesting Sites in Barkley Sound, British\nColumbia. Syesis, 4:pts. 1 and 2, in press.\n An Apparent Increase in California Sea Lions, Zalophus californianus\n(Lesson) and Elephant Seals, Mirounga angustirostris (Gill) on the Coast\nof British Columbia. Syesis, 4:pts. 1 and 2, in press.\n The Burrowing Owl. Wildlife Review, Vol. 6, No. 1.\n Alien Animals of British Columbia. Handbook 14. (Revision).\nOur White Bear Just Colour Phase. The Victoria Daily Times, April 8.\nRoundup, 41:6.\nCollections Care\u00E2\u0080\u0094CMA Seminar. Museum Roundup, 44:29.\nKyte, John E. and Wilma A. Wood. BCMA Seminar Programme. Museum Roundup, 43:4-6.\nMacnair, Peter. The Ethics of Collecting. Museum Roundup, 44:18, 19.\n Descriptive Notes on the Kwakiutl Manufacture of Eulachon Oil. Syesis,\n4:pts. 1 and 2, pp. 169-177.\nPeden, Alex E. Extension of the Known Range of the Masked Greenling, Hexa-\ngrammos octogrammus, to British Columbia. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada\n28:927, 928.\n C. G. Gruchy, 1971. First Record of the Bluespotted Poacher, Xeneret-\nmus triacanthus, in British Columbia. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada 28:1347,\n1348.\nSzczawinski, A. F. Ecological Reserve Programme Started. Wildlife Review, Vol.\n5, No. 10.\n Nature\u00E2\u0080\u0094Priceless Heritage. The Victoria Daily Times, May 27, p. 5.\n Vancouver Island a Mushroom Garden. The Victoria Daily Times, October 30, p. 5.\nWard, Philip R. Consultation I: Museums 70+: A Glimpse of the Future.\nMuseum Roundup, 41:32.\n Large Museum View of Proposed Cultural Policy. Museum Roundup,\n42:40.\n Museum People Should Be Committed. Museum Roundup, 43:41.\nThe New Acquisition. Museum Roundup, 44:24.\nWood, Wilma A. Action is the Key for Education. Museum Roundup, 43:31, 32.\n commercial\nFisneries\n "Legislative proceedings"@en . "J110.L5 S7"@en . "1972_V02_09_DD1_DD137"@en . "10.14288/1.0375906"@en . "English"@en . "Vancouver: University of British Columbia Library"@en . "Victoria, BC : Government Printer"@en . "Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia"@en . "Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia"@en . "REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION containing the reports of the GENERAL ADMINISTRATION, FISH AND WILDLIFE BRANCH, PROVINCIAL PARKS BRANCH, BRITISH COLUMBIA PROVINCIAL MUSEUM, AND COMMERCIAL FISHERIES BRANCH year ended December 31, 1971"@en . "Text"@en . ""@en .