"6c8fe4f1-73dd-48c0-bd77-b0271a0547ea"@en . "CONTENTdm"@en . "DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965"@en . "http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1198198"@en . "Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia"@en . "British Columbia. Legislative Assembly"@en . "2018-02-26"@en . "[1966]"@en . "https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/bcsessional/items/1.0364116/source.json"@en . "application/pdf"@en . " PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA\nDEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION\nHon. W. K. Kiernan, Minister D. B. Turner, Deputy Minister\nREPORT OF THE\nDepartment of Recreation\nand Conservation\ncontaining the reports of the\nGENERAL ADMINISTRATION, FISH AND GAME BRANCH,\nPROVINCIAL PARKS BRANCH, BRITISH COLUMBIA GOVERNMENT TRAVEL BUREAU, PROVINCIAL MUSEUM OF\nNATURAL HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY, PHOTOGRAPHIC\nBRANCH, AND COMMERCIAL FISHERIES BRANCH\nYear Ended December 31\n1965\nPrinted by A. Sutton, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty\nin right of the Province of British Columbia.\n1966\n Victoria, B.C., January 27, 1966.\nTo Major-General the Honourable George Randolph Pearkes,\nV.C., P.C, C.B., D.S.O., M.C.,\nLieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia.\nMay it please Your Honour:\nHerewith I beg respectfully to submit the Annual Report of the Department\nof Recreation and Conservation for the year ended December 31, 1965.\nW. K. KIERNAN,\nMinister of Recreation and Conservation.\n Victoria, B.C., January 27, 1966.\nThe Honourable W. K. Kiernan,\nMinister of Recreation and Conservation.\nSir,\u00E2\u0080\u0094I have the honour to submit the Annual Report of the Department of\nRecreation and Conservation for the year ended December 31, 1965.\nD. B. TURNER,\nDeputy Minister of Recreation and Conservation.\n CONTENTS\nPage\nIntroduction by the Deputy Minister of Recreation and Conservation 7\nGeneral Adrninistration 13\nFish and Game Branch 17\nProvincial Parks Branch 31\nBritish Columbia Government Travel Bureau 45\nProvincial Museum of Natural History and Anthropology 55\nPhotographic Branch 63\nCommercial Fisheries Branch 69\n L I\n3 5 5\n5 \u00C2\u00A7 S\n.82\nC v. S S C\n 1 \u00C2\u00A3 in s_ J m \u00C2\u00A3 ;g _.\n1\nit\nE |\nIS\nII\ni *\nIsl\nis\"**\n5|\u00C2\u00A3\n*I1\n._ 5 \u00E2\u0084\u00A2\nre c e _\n|II B\nE_ : .\n\" \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\" 1\n1*1.\n6 5 j\n1 1\nc o 3\nHS\n?s|\nH\\ne-\u00C2\u00BB3\n3 u\n< \" S,\n Report of the\nDepartment of Recreation and Conservation, 1965\nD. B. Turner, Deputy Minister and Commissioner of Fisheries\nINTRODUCTION\nThere are special items and happenings in the development of the Department\nfor 1965 which, in chronicle form, will furnish a headline review of the progress of\nthe component Branches of the Department and of the Department as a whole.\nGeneral Administration\nIn-training courses for Department and Branch staffs emphasized.\nPublic Information Officers throughout the Department formed into a committee unit.\nFish and Game Branch\nKootenay Trout Hatchery neared construction completion.\nBiological studies intensified to determine effects of Duncan Dam on Kootenay\nLake fisheries.\nUnder ARDA* programme, Canada Land Inventory programme will show\ncapability of land to produce big game.\nRocky Mountain bighorn sheep epidemic gets concentrated study.\nProvincial Parks Branch\nNew Park Act was Parks Branch highlight of 1965.\nRegional Park Act was a unique advance in recreation field.\nPark use up 26.7 per cent over 1964; 4.8 million park visits, with 25 per cent\nof them campers.\nNature Interpretation programme held in nine parks with more than 150,000\nattending.\nFourteenth year for Youth Crew programme.\nEleven new Class A parks and two new Class C parks.\nRestoration programmes at Barkerville and Fort Steele continue.\nBritish Columbia Government Travel Bureau\nTourist revenue at record $200 million.\nNew approval system for accommodation establishments.\n\"Beautiful British Columbia\" magazine circulation 145,000, with 58,000\nsubscribers.\nBureau participates in many tourist industry conventions and programmes.\nProvincial Museum\nCentennial construction of new museum and archives on schedule.\nMuseum attendance up 18 per cent over 1964.\n* ARDA=Federa_-Provincial relations and activities under the Agricultural Rehabilitation Development\nAct, June 22, 1961.\n Y 8\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nPhotographic Branch\nF. W. Eley Round named Director, Photographic Branch, July 5, 1965.\nPhotographs for \"Beautiful British Columbia\" magazine are major still-\nphoto job.\nMore than 1,800 colour prints and negatives added to files.\nMotion pictures \" Land of the Overlanders \" and \" Barkerville or Bust\"\ncompleted.\nTelevision screenings up 20 per cent in United States.\nCommercial Fisheries Branch\nR. G. McMynn named Director, Commercial Fisheries Branch, April 1, 1965.\nRecord catches of coho salmon the only bright spot in the 1965 salmon fishery.\nAdditional staff permits increased participation in problems of British Columbia's shellfish industry.\nMarked growth in liaison with Federal Department of Fisheries.\nThe plans and operations of the six Branches and of the Department as a whole\nare based on a flexible ten-year master plan, which is under constant review and\nrevision in the light of recreation trends and conservation developments.\n HIGHLIGHTS OF 1965\nGENERAL ADMINISTRATION\nTRAINING COURSES\nTen employees attended Executive Development Training Courses; one completed a Basic Public Administration Course; the Parks Branch and Fish and Game\nBranch were assisted in conducting in-service training courses for their field staff\nmembers, and more than 125 field staff members have now participated in first-aid\ncourses.\nPUBLIC INFORMATION\nA Public Information Officers' committee was formed to determine how public\ninformation and education services might be improved.\nFISH AND GAME BRANCH\nFISH CULTURE EXPANSION\nThe Kootenay Trout Hatchery entered its final construction stage.\nKOOTENAY LAKE FISHERY STUDIES\nStudies of the effects of the Duncan hydro dam on the Kootenay Lake fishery\nwere intensified.\nCANADA LAND INVENTORY\nThe capability of land in the East Kootenay and Prince George areas to produce big game was determined by field studies.\nDIE-OFF OF ROCKY MOUNTAIN BIGHORN SHEEP\nA die-off of Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep using the Bull River range was\ninvestigated to determine the causes and their interrelations.\nPROVINCIAL PARKS BRANCH\nNEW PARK ACT\nThe Legislature passed a new Park Act, which defines the purpose for which\nparks are established, increases their protection from all forms of alienation, and\nintroduces nature conservancy areas.\nREGIONAL PARK ACT\nThe Legislature passed the Regional Park Act and the municipalities of Victoria, Saanich, Central Saanich, and Oak Bay formed the first Regional Park Board.\nPARK USE\nPark use in 1965 was 26.7 per cent greater than in 1964. There were 4.8\nmillion park visits and about 25 per cent of the total were campers.\n Y 10 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nPARK INTERPRETATION\nPark naturalists conducted interpretation programmes in nine parks with participation by more than 150,000 people.\nYOUTH CREW PROGRAMME\nFor the fourteenth consecutive year, youth crews were employed in park development and maintenance work.\nLAND ACQUISITION\nEleven new Class \"A\" parks, totalling 16,088 acres, and two Class \" C \" parks,\ncontaining 432 acres, were established during the year.\nHISTORIC PARKS\nRestoration work at the Barkerville Historic Park and the Fort Steele Historic\nPark continued.\nBRITISH COLUMBIA GOVERNMENT TRAVEL BUREAU\nRECORD TOURIST SEASON\nEstimated revenue from all tourists exceeded $200 million, a record for the\nProvince.\nACCOMMODATION REGISTRATION CHANGES\nGovernment-inspected establishments will now carry an ATA (Approved Tourist Accommodation) sign. The star-grading system is replaced and establishments\nwill now be approved based on the factors of cleanliness, comfort, and courtesy.\n\"BEAUTIFUL BRITISH COLUMBIA\" MAGAZINE\nAverage circulation per issue now 145,000, with subscription list increased to\n58,000.\nCONVENTIONS\nThe Travel Bureau participated in a Travel-Trade Mission to Japan and Hong\nKong and in the A.S.T.A. (American Society of Travel Agents) Convention in Hong\nKong.\nHOSPITALITY COMMITTEE\nThe Bureau continued its participation as a member of the Food Trade and\nAccommodation Industry Advisory Council and, as a sub-committee, it embarked\non a programme to upgrade the service industries and to create an interest among\nhigh-school graduates to take up the hospitality industry as a career.\nPROVINCIAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY\nAND ANTHROPOLOGY\nPLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION\nConstruction of the three-building complex to house the new Provincial Museum and Archives was started in May.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965 Y 11\nATTENDANCE\nAttendance figures (190,000) were up 18 per cent as compared with 1964,\nthe highest on record except for 1962.\nPHOTOGRAPHIC BRANCH\nSTILL PHOTOGRAPHY\nAssignments for \" Beautiful British Columbia \" magazine constituted the major\npart of the work of the still photographers.\nPRODUCTION\nMore than 1,800 colour prints and negatives were added to the Photographic\nBranch files.\nMOTION PICTURES\nThe motion pictures \" Land of the Overlanders \" and \" Barkerville or Bust\"\nwere completed in 1965. The film \" East 1, West 1,\" which deals with the recreational aspects of the Trans-Canada Highway in British Columbia, was nearing its\nrelease date at the end of the year.\nTELEVISION SCREENINGS\nTelevision screenings in the United States increased by 20 per cent over 1964\nto more than 500 showings, with one in five being telecast in colour.\nCOMMERCIAL FISHERIES BRANCH\nINCREASED ATTENTION TO COMMERCIAL FISHERIES\nAdditional technical and enforcement staff have permitted increased Provincial\nparticipation in matters relating to British Columbia's commercial fishing industry.\nCOHO CATCH\nRecord catches of coho salmon were the only bright spot in the 1965 salmon\nfishery.\n\t\n GENERAL\nADMINISTRATION\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965 Y 15\nGENERAL ADMINISTRATION\nGeneral Administration consists of the Deputy Minister's office, the attached\nPublic Information Officer, and the Accounts office.\nThe staff of General Administration works closely with all Branches in such\nDepartmental matters as putting policy into effect, office and work facilities, personnel, and finance. Currently, there is constant liaison for the purpose of planning\nand organizing office and work facilities of new office accommodation which is\nexpected to be occupied in 1966. The new accommodation will bring together, in\none building, the entire Department, except the Provincial Museum. The change,\nbringing the Branches together, will be most beneficial for intra-Departmental work.\nThe Personnel Section of General Administration processed 51 requisitions to\nthe Civil Service Commission for the purpose of obtaining replacement positions\nfor all Branches in the Department. The Personnel Officer, who is also Departmental Comptroller and Administrative Assistant to the Deputy Minister, sat in on\nmany interviewing panels for the selection of these positions. Two replacement\npositions which drew many applications were for the Director of the Photographic\nBranch and the Public Information Officer who is attached to the office of the\nDeputy Minister.\nThis Department in 1965 had seven employees selected to participate in the\nthree-year Executive Development Course. Three people in the Department also\ncompleted this course. One employee attached to General Administration completed the one-year Basic Public Administration Course.\nThe staff of General Administration assisted both the Parks Branch and\nthe Fish and Game Branch in conducting in-service training courses for their field\nstaff members during the months of February and April respectively. These\nin-service training courses have proved most beneficial and are highly regarded by\nstaff members. It is interesting to note that during the past three years more than\n125 field staff have participated in first-aid courses conducted at these training sessions and have obtained a St. John's first-aid certificate or have participated in this\ncourse to obtain higher awards. The St. John's first-aid courses have been conducted by Senior Conservation Officer H. B. Tyler, who is a qualified St. John's\nfirst-aid instructor. His devotion in this respect has resulted in a first-class response\nfrom students participating.\nThe Accounts office, attached to General Administration, performed all financial functions required for all Branches of the Department. There was a slight\nincrease in vouchers processed over the previous years. All information required\nby Branches was available when needed. The staff attached to General Administration held several Departmental meetings for the purpose of reviewing personnel\naccidents and to seek methods of improving work habits of employees to reduce\ntime-loss of staff.\nPUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION\nPublic information and education activities in the Department are manifested\nat all levels of the organization with most of them being in anticipation of wide\ngeneral interest in some subject or activity of Departmental concern, or in response\nto specific inquiries from the public. In some Branches\u00E2\u0080\u0094Fish and Game, Parks,\nTravel Bureau\u00E2\u0080\u0094specialist Public Information Officers are engaged full time to\nhandle the dissemination of information, in its many forms, to the public. Other\n Y 16\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nBranches either respond to inquiries as an administrative function or are assisted by\nother offices within the Department.\nThe Public Information Officers gain public attention and appreciation of the\nrole of the Department by conducting lectures and trips, instructing classes, preparing pamphlets and brochures, and designing displays.\nIntra-departmental liaison for information and education purposes is maintained at the Branch head and Public Information Officer level.\nThe Departmental Public Information Officer acts as the agent for the distribution of formal news releases, co-ordinates activity as necessary when more than\none Branch becomes involved in the compilation and release of information, and\nassembles information for releases which are to originate from the offices of the\nMinister and Deputy Minister. Educational activities require a large share of\nhis time.\nA Public Information Officers' committee has been formed by the Public Information Officers. Branches that do not employ these specialists are represented by\none of the regular members or by someone from his own Branch who has been nominated for that purpose. In this way, Departmental co-ordination is effected.\nPrimary role of the committee is to improve the services of the Public Information Officers, individually and collectively, to the Branches and the Department, and\nin that way serve the public. As the year ended, the committee was preparing an\nappreciation of the Department's \"public information programme\" and was discussing ways and means of accomplishing the main aim of the organization.\n FISH and\nGAME\nBRANCH\n New trout hatchery under construction near Wardner.\n\\nA victim of complex environmental conditions.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965\nY 19\nFISH AND GAME BRANCH\nJames Hatter, Director\nADMINISTRATION\nIn 1965 the Fish and Game Branch continued to handle the increased pressures\nplaced upon the outdoor resources by hunters and fishermen, as well as an evergrowing number of non-consumptive users. Even more noticeable than the increased use of this kind was the marked increase in the indirect effect of increased\nutilization of the Province's other resources upon fish and wildlife. Pulp-mills,\nmines, sawmills, manufacturing plants, and a rapidly expanding road system are all\ninfluencing markedly the management of fish and wildlife.\nOther resource agencies have expanded their activities in ways which have influenced the Branch's activities. In this category fit such organizations as those\ndealing with the Agricultural Rehabilitation Development Act, and groups such as\nthe Pollution-control Board of the Province, the Federal Fisheries Department, and\nthe Canadian Wildlife Service. By and large the Fish and Game Branch was able\nto live up to its responsibilities and at the same time join and assist in the expanding\nconservation work being done by these other agencies.\nThe Game Management Division of the Fish and Game Branch undertook the\nmost extensive inventory work to date in the East Kootenay and Prince George area.\nThis was done under the ARDA* programme and it is expected that the programme will be expanded and extended to other areas. The Canada Land Inventory, which includes evaluation of the fishery in the recreation section, could well\nplay a major role in the future development of the fish and wildlife resources.\nThe Fisheries Management Division has been engaged in the largest field programme which it has ever undertaken. There is no doubt that the Kootenay Lake\nstudy in connection with the Duncan River development is a major biological investigation. By the end of 1965 it was obvious that the work of the preceding year and\na half had been done in a manner which would yield the results necessary to plan\nfor the protection of this valuable fishery.\nAircraft patrols continued in the Chilcotin and Cariboo to evaluate the use that\nfish and wildlife resources are receiving from outdoor recreationists using air transport. This type of enforcement and fact-gathering programme was extended to the\nCassiar during early September at the height of the hunting season. The results\nfrom this year's operations confirm the conclusions of previous years, namely, that\nthe impact of persons using aircraft for transport to inaccessible areas is not serious\neither in use or deportment. Perhaps the most significant trend is the increasing\nnumber of residents using aircraft as a means of reaching hunting areas in Northern\nBritish Columbia. This trend will continue as more and more residents become\naware of the outdoor recreation possibilities in Northern British Columbia.\n\" Wildlife Review \" magazine, a highly regarded publication produced four\ntimes a year by the Information and Education Section, had a circulation of 34,000\nat the end of 1965. It is distributed to 60 countries and is used widely in schools\nas an education aid.\nOnce again the Fish and Game Branch wishes to thank other Branches and\nDepartments for their valued assistance and co-operation. Many individual citizens\ncontributed to our programme and for this we are most grateful. We are pleased\n* Agricultural Rehabilitation Development Act, Ottawa, 1961.\n Y 20 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nto acknowledge that the Royal Canadian Mounted Police gave valued assistance on\nmany occasions.\nGAME MANAGEMENT\nThe year 1965 was an active period for the Game Management Division. Continued co-operation in the Federally sponsored ARDA wildlife inventory, the\ninvestigation of an epizootic disease of Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep in the East\nKootenay, and research on the status of the Peale's falcon on the Queen Charlotte\nIslands were activities in 1965 beyond the usual function of staff in managing wildlife resources.\nHunter numbers increased again in 1965, a trend which, in conjunction with\nthe impact of an expanding Provincial economy upon wildlife habitat, broadens and\nintensifies the need for management of the wildlife resource.\nSales of hunting licences for the past four years illustrate the steady annual\nincrease.\n1961\n1962\n1963\n1964\n115,796\n3,840\n122,859\n4,377\n124,245\n5,224\n131,595\n5,263\nGame Regulations and Seasons\nThe 1965 game regulations provided separate seasons for white-tailed and\nmule deer in Game Management Areas 8 and 11, an innovation designed to improve\nhunter opportunity in harvesting the annual surplus of these species. In Game\nManagement Area No. 11 the bighorn sheep season was closed following the discovery of a serious disease outbreak over a wide portion of this species' range. The\nclosure was imposed as a precautionary measure pending investigation of the extent\nand distribution of losses in the population. A closed season during the summer\nand a bag-limit of two was imposed on black bear. The moose tag-licence was\nchanged to the recording type, containing the address of the holder. This change\nprovides the basis of a much-improved hunter sample estimate of harvest for this\nspecies. There were no extensions to regular game seasons in the Province during\n1965.\nIn most areas of the Province below-normal precipitation and above-average\ntemperatures prevailed through the hunting season, reducing hunter success on deer\nand elk but resulting in better-than-average success on moose and native grouse.\nThe hunter success on most other game species in 1965 is expected to approach\nthe past five-year average. Restrictions on logging co-access on Vancouver Island\ndue to fire hazard resulted in a 14-per-cent decline in hunting days.\nGame Harvests\nThe introduction of a tag-licence on elk, sheep, goat, grizzly bear, moose, and\ncaribou in the past two years has provided a basis for a much improved hunter\nquestionnaire sample published in 1965. The use of questionnaire forms for single\nspecies and selected groups of game animals further improved hunter sampling procedures, allowing more accurate estimates of the annual harvest. Results were\ncomputer-processed and presented in a high-quality publication.\nTables 1 and 2 contain hunter sample kill estimates, illustrating the magnitude\nand trend of wildlife resource use in the Province.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965\nY 21\nTable 1.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Provincial Game Harvest Estimates from the Hunter\nQuestionnaire Sample\n1960\n1961\n1962\n1963\n1964\nDuck \t\n390,000\n344,000\n46,600\n11,300\n2,300\n58,600\n377,200\n413,600\n57,100\n15,200\n3,500\n67,000\n460,500\n360,500\n64,700\n16,675\n2,300\n69,500\n368,570\n245,470\n54,940\n16,510\n3,950\n71,520\n1,625\n383,961\n522,064\n48,884\n17,853\nElk \t\n3,230\n78,435\nGoat. \t\n1,567\n\t\n295\n465\nTable 2.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Harvest Estimates for Deer, Moose, Ducks, and Grouse\nfrom Various Areas of the Province\nDeer-\nArea\nVancouver Island\nMainland Coast __.\nInterior \t\n1963\n 23,550\n 16,890\n 17,420\nNorthern British Columbia 1,680\nPeace River 1,980\nKootenay 10,000\nOkanagan-Boundary \t\nMoose\u00E2\u0080\u0094\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\nSouth of Quesnel\t\nNorth of Quesnel\t\nKootenay __:\t\nPeace River\t\n3,890\n8,430\n670\n3,040\n500\nSouth of Thompson River\t\nDucks\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nVancouver Island 54,000\nMainland Coast 199,000\nInterior 70,000\nNorthern British Columbia 14,000\nPeace River 13,000\nKootenay 19,000\nGrouse\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nVancouver Island 57,000\nMainland Coast 39,000\nInterior 81,000\nNorthern British Columbia 19,000\nPeace River 4,500\nKootenay 44,000\nOkanagan-Boundary \t\n1964\n25,071\n9,080\n16,892\n3,357\n2,128\n11,927\n10,000\n3,615\n9,780\n670\n3,292\n302\n64,674\n133,034\n102,287\n18,369\n26,943\n24,436\n83,000\n13,800\n112,900\n71,000\n20,000\n92,000\n129,000\nRoad checks are operated at a number of locations in the Province during the\nhunting season, providing detailed biological data and information of a general\nnature. The Cache Creek check is operated throughout the season on a 24-hour\nbasis, yielding the comparative data contained in Table 3.\n Y 22\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nTable 3.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Cache Creek Check Station Data, 1961-65\n1961\n1962\n1963\n1964\n1965\nDeer _ .\n4,800\n4,175\n121\n104\n12\n56\n112\n7,942\n12,000\n20,757\n3,690\n4,833\n158\n142\n39 i\n44\n122\n8,424\n6,188\n23,291\n3,656\n5,418\n96\n156\n26\n70\n169\n7,283\n3,215\n22,779\n3,765\n5,446\n116\n200\n35\n48\n136\n6,864\n4,065\n21,533\n2,241\n5,908\n146\nf_n*fhnil\nVMt\n213\n13\n54\nr.nat\n137\n6,908\nGrouse\t\n5,928\n20,808\nSurveys and Inventories\nBig Game\nBig-game distribution and abundance studies in the East Kootenay and Prince\nGeorge regions were continued in 1965 in co-operation with the Canada Land Inventory programme of ARDA. This work was done under the supervision of\nDr. P. J. Bandy, head of Game Management research, in co-operation with ARDA\nemployees D. Blower and A. Brooks, who are attached to the Fish and Game\nBranch for the Canada Land Inventory project. Regional technical staff also contributed to this project.\nData from the Canada Land Inventory studies are mapped for computer analysis and become part of a national resource inventory.\nLand Use\nThe continued growth and development of the Province in recent years have\ncreated demands for the use of lands which serve as habitat for wildlife. The impact\nof human development of resources has far-reaching consequences on wildlife resources, and the Game Management Division frequently co-operated with other\nagencies and departments of Government in mitigating wildlife resource losses resulting from other forms of land use. This aspect of game management becomes\nmore important as the development of the Province continues, and will in time\nbecome a major activity of the game manager.\nWaterfowl\nPlans for the development of the Duck Lake area at Creston got under way in\n1965 with the co-operation of the Canadian Wildlife Service, Ducks Unlimited, and\nthe assistance of a refuge manager from the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.\nProposals for development of these wetlands as production habitat and for public\nrecreation will require careful study before development begins.\nPrivate land at Hansen's Lagoon on the north-west coast of Vancouver Island\nwas purchased this year by the Department of Recreation and Conservation to complete holdings in the area for waterfowl-management purposes. This area of coastal\nmarsh is particularly attractive to thousands of migrant geese, along with large numbers of ducks and other waterfowl.\nStudies of waterfowl populations on pot-holes in the Cariboo continued in\n1965, contributing useful information regarding wetland management and waterfowl\npopulations in British Columbia.\nThe announcement by the Federal Government this year of a national cooperative waterfowl programme should contribute to the welfare of this resource in\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965\nY 23\nthe Province in coming years. The plan envisages wetland developments, access\nprogrammes, and intensified research and management of the resource.\nGame Management staff continued to co-operate in collecting data on waterfowl\nresources for the Pacific Flyway Council, and some further exploration of coastal\nwaterfowl habitat has been done.\nResearch Division\nResearch Projects\nThe research programme has continued to expand into topics which are of\nimportance to game management. Studies of the Columbia black-tailed deer on\nVancouver Island include research on the production of deer food in relation to\ncertain logging practices, the reproductive capacity of a deer population and the\nfactors affecting reproduction, and a preliminary investigation of the parasite burden\nof one Vancouver Island deer population. Teeth removed from the jaws of hunter-\nkilled deer, including known-age jaws recovered from previously tagged fawns, are\nalso being examined to develop a more accurate technique of ageing deer. Studies\nof growth patterns of deer from four racial stocks were completed.\nStudies of the bighorn sheep of British Columbia included a detailed analysis\nof the California bighorn sheep population in the Ashnola River area. This showed\nthat cattle, deer, and sheep compete for food and that overstocking has severely\nreduced the productivity of the range.\nA die-off of Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep using the Bull River range was\ninvestigated to determine the causes and their inter-relations. Poor range conditions\ncoupled with a period of inclement weather, a pneumonic infection involving high\nlung-worm burdens, and a bacterial complication resulted in an almost total loss of\nthis population. This research programme was expanded when it became obvious\nthat the mortality factors had spread to adjacent ranges.\nA more general study of the diseases and parasites of game birds and mammals\nhas been continued. Carcasses and tissues sent in by hunters and by the Departmental staff have been examined for parasites and disease-producing organisms,\nthereby adding to the knowledge of factors affecting wildlife.\nPublic Relations\nNumerous meetings of sportsmen groups, agricultural institutes, forestry associations, and other agencies were attended by Game Management staff during the\nyear. Such meetings provide an opportunity to explain game-management concepts\nand practices to interested people, and serve a reciprocal benefit in exposing game\nmanagers to the interests and problems of others.\nTalks were given to school and university classes, service clubs, scout, and similar organizations during the year, and Game Management staff participated in a\nnumber of radio and television programmes.\nPersonnel\nThe year 1965 saw several personnel changes in the Game Management Division. W. G. Smith assumed the full responsibilities as Chief, Game Management.\nTo assist him and fill the vacancy created by P. W. Martin's \" loan \" to Uganda,\nK. R. D. Mundy was transferred from Prince George to Victoria. Mr. Mundy was\nthe Regional Game Biologist for Northern British Columbia for two years prior to\nthe transfer.\n Y 24\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nTo fill the vacancy in the East Kootenay, Mr. R. A. Demarchi was transferred\nfrom Victoria to Cranbrook.\nIn February of 1965, Mr. E. W. Taylor resigned his position with the Branch.\nIn July, Mr. B. R. Gates assumed the position of Regional Biologist for the Lower\nMainland, replacing Mr. Taylor.\nIn August, Mr. D. A. McCaughran resigned his position as Regional Biologist\nfor Vancouver Island. Mr. McCaughran is presently in Ithaca, New York, furthering his education.\nMr. R. H. P. Finegan joined the Branch in September, filling the vacancy of\nHeadquarters Biologist.\nMr. D. Eastman joined the Branch as biologist supervising data collection at\nthe Cache Creek checking-station.\nEarly in 1965, P. J. Bandy received his Ph.D. degree from the University of\nBritish Columbia, following the completion and publication of his doctoral thesis\non deer nutrition.\nFISHERIES MANAGEMENT\nDuring the year ending December 31, 1965, continued growth was evident in\nutilization of the non-tidal sport fisheries, as evidenced in the sale of anglers' licences.\nThe annual sale of anglers' licences for the five-year period 1961-1965 is summarized below.\nAnglers' Licences\nYear\nResident\nNon-resident\nAlien\nNon-resident\nCanadian\nNon-resident\nMinor\nTotals\n1961\t\n139,945\n144,090\n151,271\n154,672'\n163,996\n28,127\n30,555\n33,927\n35,500\n38,527\n1\n8,820 | 9,101\n10.997 11,293\n14,304 | 14,578\n13.998 ! 15.955\n185,993\n1962. \t\n196,935\n1963 \t\n214,080\n1964\t\n220.125'\n1965* \t\n14.510 16.405 ! 233.438\n* To December 1, 1965.\nEmphasis in fisheries-management activities was concentrated on habitat protection, including pollutions and other industrial effects on water, on fish culture to\nprovide a continuing supply of trout for stocking several hundred small lakes, and\non research applicable to ecological requirements of sport fish, both in lakes and\nstreams.\nHabitat Protection\nPollution Control\nAll members of the Branch\u00E2\u0080\u0094Conservation Officers, Regional Biologists, and\nHeadquarters personnel\u00E2\u0080\u0094devoted much effort to attempting to preserve fish habitat\nin the face of increasing industrial growth in British Columbia. Greatest emphasis\nwas laid on logging pollutions, particularly in northern areas where logging companies are small and scattered and surveillance is difficult. A system of timber sale\npermit inspection has been extended from the Coast District to Nelson District and\nwill shortly be instituted in Prince George, Williams Lake, and Kamloops Forest\nDistricts. Mining activity was most extensive in the Vancouver Island, Kamloops,\nand Kootenay areas; potential pollutions from several mining mills were averted in\nthese areas. A progressively more co-operative attitude by mining companies toward\nprevention of pollution by mining wastes was noted.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965 Y 25\nOther pollution investigations involved drilling for and production of petroleum\nproducts in the Fort St. John District. The frequency of these problems in recent\nyears has prompted the Department of Mines and Petroleum Resources to include\nfish and game protective regulations in recently up-dated regulations governing the\ndrilling of wells and the production and conservation of oil and natural gas. Chemical spray programmes for control of mosquitoes, rodents, wood-boring insects, and\naquatic and terrestrial plants were investigated and restricted, where necessary, for\nprotection of sport fish. Miscellaneous investigations involved coal mining and\nwashing operations, gravel removal and washing, sewage disposal, poultry plant\nwastes, oil-waste disposal, copper-sulphate applications for swimmer's itch, and plating plant wastes.\nThree long-term biological surveys of streams were begun to determine the\neffects of industrial and agricultural wastes. These are on Kootenay River, where\na pulp-mill is proposed, St. Mary River where metals, chemicals, and fertilizers are\nproduced, and Nicomekl and Serpentine Rivers in the centre of an extensive agricultural area.\nA close association with the British Columbia Pollution-control Board has\nbeen established, allowing for consideration of fish, game, and recreation protective\nmeasures in all permits granted by the Board. In 1965, 37 permits were granted\nby the Board after review by this Branch.\nHydro-electric Surveys and Obstructions\nAn intensive investigation is under way with respect to the effects of Duncan\nHydro dam on the Kootenay Lake sport fishery. The Kootenay Lake fishery in the\nnorth end of the lake depends almost entirely on fish which are hatched in the\nDuncan-Lardeau River system. Extremely large rainbow trout and Dolly Varden\nchar up to 30 pounds in weight are dependent for their food supply on kokanee\n(landlocked sockeye salmon), which also spawn in the Duncan and Lardeau Rivers.\nConstruction of Duncan dam will affect all these fish, and the following is a summary of investigations which have been undertaken in order to provide data for such\nfish protection as may be necessary.\nSurvey results in 1964 showed that a spawning run of 2,800,000 kokanee will\nbe eliminated at the dam-site in Duncan River. The Duncan kokanee population\nrepresents 68 per cent of the 4,000,000 kokanee in the Duncan-Lardeau system.\nIn order to provide the best possible protection for the Duncan fish, an alternative,\nartificial spawning channel will be required, but cannot be built until movements of\nspawning kokanee into the Duncan-Lardeau system are known in detail. In addition, the movement of fry out of the river system will be affected by release of stored\nwater from Duncan dam, and this effect will also influence spawning-channel requirements.\nRiver work in the autumn and winter of 1965 and in the spring of 1966 will\nbe aimed at providing specific information on spawning requirements of kokanee in\nrelation to time of entry to the river, size of gravel in spawning nests, velocity, depth\nand temperature of water in spawning areas, and best conditions for survival of eggs\nwhich incubate in the gravel beds during winter months. This information will be\napplied directly to spawning-channel design when required.\nIn addition to the Duncan River kokanee directly affected at and upstream of\nthe Duncan dam-site, rainbow trout, Dolly Varden char, and kokanee in the remaining populations in Lardeau River will be affected by reduced flows and lower\ntemperatures of Duncan River water entering Kootenay Lake. It is of extreme\nimportance that the movements of all fish into and out of the Duncan-Lardeau\n Y 26 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nsystem be known in relation to the circulation of water in the north end of Kootenay\nLake. Work on Kootenay Lake is therefore directed toward the movement of fish\nas related to currents in the lake and the effects of river flows on these currents.\nThe large rainbow trout and Dolly Varden char depend heavily on kokanee as\na source of food. The number of kokanees produced in the tributary streams must\nbe known before the size of any artificial facilities can be determined. A fish fence\nhas been constructed near Marblehead, in the Lardeau River. This facility will\nserve two purposes: (1) to enumerate kokanee, Dolly Varden, and rainbow trout\nmigrating upstream as adults in Lardeau River; (2) to divert and control the numbers of kokanee desired in the artificial channel.\nFive biologists and four technicians presently are employed on the project, plus\ncasual labour when required. Highly specialized scientific equipment is in use both\nin lake and river work, and an experienced hydrobiologist is in charge of the programme. A total of $165,000 has been made available for construction, equipment,\nresearch, and salaries for the 12-month period ending July 1, 1966. The Duncan\nRiver investigation is the largest field project ever attempted by the Fisheries Management Division of this Branch. In addition to providing immediate information\nfor fish protection it will also result in an understanding of the predator-prey relationship of rainbow trout, Dolly Varden char, and kokanee, which will be invaluable in management of fish populations in other large lakes and hydro-electric\nreservoirs.\nTrout Hatcheries\nThe Fish and Game Branch has three permanent hatcheries located at Abbotsford, Bull River (near Cranbrook), and Summerland, one summer station at Loon\nCreek (near Clinton), and four egg-collecting stations. Rainbow-trout eggs are\ncollected at Beaver and Pennask Lakes (Okanagan), yellowstone cutthroat eggs at\nKiakho Lake (Cranbrook), and kokanee eggs at Meadow Creek (Lardeau).\nSpecies produced in 1965 included eastern brook, coastal and yellowstone cutthroat, and rainbow trout.\nNew Hatchery Facilities\nThe new hatchery at Bull River, called Kootenay Trout Hatchery, will be\ncompleted by mid-1966. Two hatcheries, one summer and one permanent, at\nCranbrook and Nelson, have been closed as a consequence of the new construction.\nEquipment\nAs anticipated in 1964, additional automatic feeding equipment was purchased\nin 1965, and at present all fry feeding is automatic. Feeding at all stages at Kootenay Hatchery will be fully automatic and it is expected that the outdoor feeder\ncomplement at the other two hatcheries will be completed in 1966. Use of this\nequipment means not only a saving in labour but increased production as well.\nTests have shown that the growth rate of machine-fed fish is up to 50 per cent better\nthan that of hand-fed fish.\nA contract was let for construction of two 1,000-gallon fish-transporting tanks,\nand an improved aeration system involving use of pure oxygen will be incorporated\nin each unit.\nLiberations and Egg Collections\nIn 1965, 256 lakes were stocked with 3,600,000 trout. These fish, varying in\nsize from fry to yearlings, weighed 22,000 pounds and nearly all were liberated by\ntruck. Normally a substantial number of lakes are stocked by plane but, because\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965 Y 27\nof certain unavoidable losses in hatcheries and a consequent reduction in the fall\nplanting programmes only 68 lakes (594,000 fish) were stocked from the air.\nTotal number of rainbow eggs collected was almost 7,000,000, less than\nrequired to meet the requirements of the fisheries management programme. Late\nin the year trapping facilities at Pennask Lake were increased and plans to improve\nthe trap at Niskonlith Lake were finalized. Other sources will be developed in the\nnext few years to ensure a completely adequate annual supply.\nHatchery Research\nHigh rainbow-egg mortalities have caused increasing concern and in 1965\na study was organized by the Fisheries Research Division to investigate the egg-\ncollecting process. This study will be continued.\nFurther work was carried out on liberating tank aeration systems, and as a\nresult loading techniques have been altered. Higher survivals of planted trout are\nanticipated as a result of improved handling techniques and better equipment.\nThe key to the success of fish-stocking programmes is the degree of success at\negg-collecting stations. If the supply of eggs is inadequate, plantings must be\nreduced. The demand for rainbow-trout eggs has greatly increased and steps have\nbeen taken to improve the sources of supply of eggs from wild trout.\nResearch is vital to fish culture and the inclusion of laboratory facilities at\nKootenay Hatchery will provide an opportunity for additional research in both the\napplied and pure research fields. Despite the limited facilities at Summerland\nHatchery, both types of research have been carried on each year and it is anticipated\nthat this will continue. A fully equipped laboratory is planned as an integral part\nof each station.\nEight lakes of the more than 400 served by hatcheries require one-third of the\ntotal fish planted and as fishing pressure increases these and the other lakes stocked\nwill require heavier plantings. Rearing facilities at Summerland Hatchery can be\nexpanded when the water supply is increased and this can likely be achieved in\n1966 or 1967. Water supply and space at Fraser Valley Hatchery is sufficient for\nincreased production in the future.\nRegional Activities\nRegional activities involve investigations of pollutions and obstructions, inventory surveys of lakes and streams, fish plantings, sampling of fish populations and\nthe water which supports them, and continuing evaluation of the utilization of the\nsport-fish resource. The regional summaries which follow only highlight a few of\nthe activities for 1965.\nRegion I\u00E2\u0080\u0094Vancouver Island\nActivities on Vancouver Island have consisted largely of increased attention to\neffects of logging on stream fish, together with intensive investigation of the fisheries\non Cowichan and Qualicum Rivers. The Qualicum River fishery is predominantly\nconcerned with steelhead trout and the investigation on that stream from January\nto March, 1965, was carried out in co-operation with the Department of Fisheries\nof Canada.\nA comprehensive study was carried out for the second year in 1965 on Cowichan River. A detailed report is in preparation, involving the limnology of the\nriver, the biology of steelhead, rainbow, cutthroat, and brown trout, and utilization\nby anglers of the river fish resources.\n Y 28 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nRegion II\u00E2\u0080\u0094Lower Mainland\nIn the Lower Mainland region, strong emphasis in 1965 was placed on creel\ncensus programmes involving all Conservation Officer staff, both on lakes which are\nstocked with hatchery fish, and also on steelhead streams.\nExtensive surveys were carried out on 11 lakes and their associated watersheds\non the Sechelt Peninsula. Information gathered from the Sechelt area has resulted\nin stocking of five lakes with hatchery fish.\nBasic research has been carried out on the effectiveness of daily bag-limits of\nfish on lakes. This research has made an important contribution to understanding\nof regulations as a means of managing small lake fisheries.\nRegions III and IV\u00E2\u0080\u0094South Central Interior\nConsiderable attention has been devoted to investigation of trout transferred\nfrom Lardeau River, tributary to Kootenay Lake, to Niskonlith Lake, near Chase.\nThese fish are slow in maturing and may provide high-quality angling in lakes of\nmedium productivity levels.\nDuring the autumn of 1965, Mysis relicta (opossum shrimp) were transferred\nfrom Kootenay Lake to Kalamalka Lake, near Vernon, and to Pinaus Lake, near\nFalkland. Introduction of this glacial relict from Waterton Lake to Kootenay Lake\nin 1950 has proven spectacularly successful. Introduction of Mysis to many deep,\nunproductive lakes in the Columbia drainage, such as Moyie, Arrow, Slocan, What-\nshan, Christina, and Okanagan could result in marked increases in sport-fish production in those waters. Introduction of Mysis to sockeye-salmon producing waters\nis not planned because of possible unknown effects on sockeye populations.\nRegion V\u00E2\u0080\u0094Kootenays\nFor the first eight months of 1965, Region V was without a Fisheries Biologist\nbecause of the resignation of R. A. H. Sparrow. Activities during the last four\nmonths of 1965 centred mainly on monitoring of industrial effluent in Mark Creek\nand St. Mary River, near Kimberley, where mining and fertilizer-plant operations\nrespectively have created serious pollutions. Monitoring of the two streams and of\nKootenay River downstream (at and below Fort Steele) will continue.\nRegion VI\u00E2\u0080\u0094Cariboo\nAn extensive programme of lake surveys was carried out in the Cariboo region\nduring the summer of 1965. Data from these surveys will provide the basis for\nfuture, more intensive management of sport fisheries in the area. Dragon Lake,\nnear Quesnel, was rehabilitated in 1960 and restocked with trout in 1963. The lake\nwas opened to fishing in April, 1965, with excellent catches resulting.\nGreen Lake, west of 100 Mile House on Highway No. 97, has been stocked\nwith over 500,000 chinook (spring) salmon fingerlings since 1962. Anglers have\ncaught chinook salmon up to 3 pounds in weight in Green Lake and a substantial\nnumber have been netted for growth and feeding studies.\nA biological survey of Puntchesakut Lake was carried out concurrent with\nseismic explosions in the lake, set off by personnel of the Canada Department of\nMines and Technical Surveys. The survey involved temperature series, oxygen\ndeterminations, plankton sampling, and sampling of fish with gill nets. The results\nwill be published when analysed.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965\nY 29\nRegions VII and VIII\u00E2\u0080\u0094North of 54th Parallel\nActivities in the northern half of the Province continued to be concentrated on\ncontrol and abatement of industrial and logging pollutions, particularly with respect\nto rivers which produce steelhead trout. In most cases a satisfactory solution was\nfound, but in a few instances prosecutions were entered and convictions registered\nunder the Fisheries Act. A large number of obstructions at culverts on spawning\nstreams was observed, and through co-operation of the Department of Highways\nand the Forest Service, these will be rectified.\nA survey was carried out on the headwaters of the Parsnip River in connection\nwith the possible diversion of McGregor River through Pacific, Portage, and Arctic\nLakes into Parsnip River. In conjunction with a preliminary survey of the lower\nParsnip River in 1964 and a full-scale investigation to be concluded in 1966, a\nreport will be submitted with respect to the importance of these areas to the Peace\nRiver reservoir when it is filled by waters impounded by Portage Mountain dam.\nResearch\nThe continued growth of industry and the human population in British Columbia poses new problems in fishery management each year. New techniques are\ncontinually required to protect and maintain fish populations and their habitat.\nHigh quality research, both at the fundamental and applied levels, continues to be\na productive investment in the sport fish resource and its future.\nPrimary Production Studies in Kootenay Lake\nThe marked depressant effect of high turbidity on summer algal production in\nthe south arm of Kootenay Lake has been conclusively demonstrated in both field\nand laboratory incubation experiments. Studies will be continued throughout the\nwinter to examine production in clear, nutrient-rich water entering the south end\nof the lake.\n\"Shrimp\" (Mysis relicta) Utilization by Kootenay Lake Fishes\nAnalysis of feeding habits of kokanee, rainbow trout, Dolly Varden, and other\nspecies in Kootenay Lake is continuing in order to determine the impact of shrimp\nintroduction on the growth rate of these fishes. A programme to evaluate success\nof introduction of this shrimp into other suitable lakes is under way.\nReservoir Research\nField studies on limnology, bottom fauna, and fish production in reservoirs on\nthe Campbell River system have been completed, and analysis will continue on\nsport-fish growth-rates in these reservoirs. Further study on the effect of different\nclearing treatments on bottom-fauna production is being planned.\nHatchery Evaluation Programme\nA preliminary report on hatchery evaluation was presented in 1964. Additional statistical analyses were performed on the data and the results are now ready\nfor publication. As a consequence of some of the results of this study the hatcheries\nhave now changed from the use of \"domestic\" stock to native wild stocks of rainbow trout. Because of this change, a second hatchery evaluation programme was\ndesigned using only native stocks. In preparation for this study, three lakes in the\nPrinceton area were treated with rotenone to remove all fish life.\n Y 30 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nAeration and Limnological Study of Marquette, Corbett, and Courtney Lakes\nExperimental aeration and limnological investigations on Marquette, Corbett,\nand Courtney Lakes near Merritt have been concluded. These data are now being\nprepared for publication in a scientific journal. The details of operation and the\npractical application of artificial lake aeration were presented in a paper at the\nannual meeting of the Pacific Fisheries Biologists. A manuscript on the design and\noperation of a small lake-aeration unit is presently under preparation.\nOxygen and Mechanical Shock Experiments with Trout Eggs\nAn experiment was performed at the Summerland Hatchery to measure the\noxygen demand of rainbow-trout eggs at four different temperatures and at several\nstages of development. In addition, a pilot experiment was conducted to test the\neffect of mechanical shock on the degree of mortality of trout eggs during transport\nfrom the stripping station to the hatchery.\nCoastal Stream Research\nAn extensive series of experiments have been conducted on the behaviour of\njuvenile steelhead trout and coho salmon in an artificial stream aquarium at Courtenay. Although analysis of data has not yet been completed, a profound effect of\ntemperature on the aggressive behaviour of the young fish has been clearly demonstrated and results corroborate earlier experiments where precise temperature control was not possible. The previous experiments have been completely analysed and\npublished.\nSeveral coastal streams have been studied, with particular emphasis on distribution of cutthroat and rainbow trout along the lengths of the stream and in their\nsmall tributaries. Collections indicate a marked difference in the type of stream\nhabitat utilized by cutthroat and rainbow trout.\nPUBLICATIONS AND REPORTS\nHalsey, T. G.\n1965. Autumnal and Over-winter Limnology of Three Eutrophic Lakes with\nParticular Reference to Experimental Circulation and Trout Mortality.\nM.Sc. thesis, Dept. of Zoology, U.B.C.\nHartman, G. F.\nAn Aquarium with Simulated Stream Flow. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc, 94(3):\n274-276.\n1965. The Role of Behaviour in the Ecology and Interaction of Underyearling\nCoho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and Steelhead Trout (Salmo\ngairdneri). J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, 22(4): 1035-1081.\n1965. Kokanee\u00E2\u0080\u0094Fish with a Future. Wildlife Rev., 3(5): 15-17.\nLorz, H. W., and Northcote, T.G.\n1965. Factors Affecting Stream Location and Timing and Intensity of Entry\nby Spawning Kokanee (Oncorhynchus nerka) into an Inlet of Nicola\nLake, British Columbia. J. Fish. Res. Bd. Canada, 22(3):665-687.\nNorthcote, T. G.\n1965. Some Research Requirements in Freshwater Sport Fishing. Symposium on economic aspects of sport fishing. Federal Department of\nFisheries, Ottawa, 23 pp.\n PROVINCIAL\nPARKS\nBRANCH\n There has been a 220-per-cent increase in park use in 10 years.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965\nY 33\nPROVINCIAL PARKS BRANCH\nH. G. McWilliams, Director\nThe year 1965 was an eventful one in the history of the Provincial Parks\nBranch. The Legislature passed a new Park Act which defines the purpose for\nwhich parks are established and increases their protection from all forms of alienation. The Act also introduced nature conservancy areas, a new classification for\npark land, which gives absolute protection to outstanding areas of scenic, faunal,\nand floral environment. Four nature conservancy areas, totalling 346,794 acres,\nhave already been delineated in two major parks.\nThe Legislature also passed the new Regional Park Act, and Victoria, Saanich,\nCentral Saanich, and Oak Bay municipalities, late in the year, formed the first\nRegional Park Board. Formation of this Board enables the Provincial Government\nand municipalities to co-operate in the acquisition and development of land required\nfor outdoor recreation.\nPark use during 1965 was a phenomenal 26.7 per cent increase over that of\n1964. The increase represents one million more park visits than in 1964 and indicates that British Columbia is experiencing an explosion of recreational land use.\nA further indication of the upward trend in outdoor recreation is shown in the\nfollowing table, which shows a 220 per cent increase in park use in 10 years:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n1955 I960 1965\n3.1 4.8\n2.0 2.7\nTotal visits (millions) 1.5\nPer capita visits 1.2\nTo clarify their duties and unify the efforts of all personnel, the Parks Branch\npolicy statement was revised and approved for their guidance.\nAlthough improvement work continued in many parks, emphasis was placed\non development of facilities in Mount Seymour and Manning Parks.\nMANAGEMENT\nEarly in the year, reorganization of Parks Branch divisions created the Management Division for more direct and efficient administration of an increasing number of management and maintenance tasks. This new Division now administers\nPublic Information and Education, Interpretation, Maintenance and Operations\nSections, and the Victoria general office. District Park Officers are now directly\nresponsible to the Management Division administrator to facilitate maintenance and\noperation of parks now in use.\nMaintenance and operation of parks was carried out by a staff varying from\n50 during winter to 160 during the summer high-use season. Road and trail repairs,\nerection of signs, building repairs, refinishing of park furniture, upkeep of water and\nsewage systems, camp-site and picnic-site clean-ups, and the disposal of garbage are\ncontinuing tasks under the heading of management and operation of parks in use.\nDuring 1965, a new system of camp-site security was introduced in several\nheavily used parks to control the activities of rowdies and vandals. Gates were\ninstalled and kept closed from midnight to 6 a.m. Auxiliary police and radiotelephone service was also used for the first time. These actions, plus the commendable co-operation of the R.C.M.P., markedly reduced the activities of hoodlums\nwho have for the past two years made a sport of disturbing the normally tranquil\natmosphere of parks.\nI\n Y 34 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nPUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION\nIn keeping with the trend of the past several years, the amount of public inquiry\ncorrespondence increased by comparison with the previous year. The number of\nrequests for illustrated talks dropped back to normal, or an average of one per fortnight, by comparison with 1964 when the average was one per week. The subject\nof all talks was parks, nature appreciation, and conservation, but about 20 per cent\nwere of an instructional type requested by Girl Guides, Boy Scouts, and other youth\norganizations. Four special talks were given; two (illustrated) to British Columbia\nGovernment Travel Bureau Travel Counsellors to familiarize them with parks and\nparks facilities, one to the Annual Hospitality Conference in Vancouver, and one\nto the British Columbia Museums Association annual meeting in Kamloops. The\nPublic Information Office also took part in the annual Parks Branch school by delivering a lecture on public information and public relations to Parks Branch field staff.\nSeveral publications, including the map of Provincial parks on Vancouver\nIsland, were revised and reprinted. A number of articles and news releases were\nwritten for various Canadian and United States publications. Several hundred\nblack-and-white photographs were also supplied to a variety of publications and a\nspecial order of photos went to the British Columbia Department of Education to be\nused as cover pictures on study books. Work on the new Fraser Canyon-Okanagan\nparks map was completed and sent to the Queen's Printer for the production of\nproof copies.\nIn co-operation with a few local schools, a small experimental programme of\nsupplying publications and photographs was carried out. As a result of the experiment, it was concluded that Parks Branch can assist schools by supplying nature-\nstudy material oriented to British Columbia.\nLate in the year, the staff of the Public Information office was increased by one\npart-time clerk-typist, thus relieving the previous overload condition and greatly\nincreasing the efficiency of correspondence movement and filing.\nINTERPRETATION AND RESEARCH\nDuring the year, park naturalists conducted interpretation programmes in nine\nparks\u00E2\u0080\u0094Manning, Miracle Beach, Mitlenatch Island, Shuswap Lake, Goldstream,\nWickaninnish Beach, Ellison, Okanagan Lake, and Haynes Point. The programmes\nwere new at the last four parks mentioned, and at the last three a new kind of programme was offered two days a week in each park by a park naturalist travelling on\na regular schedule. Naturalists interpreted parks to over 150,000 people through\nnature houses, nature trails, guided walks, and outdoor talks. Additional interpretation was done through outdoor signs and displays.\nNature houses were visited by more than 64,000 people, mainly through July\nand August. Miracle Beach nature-house attendance set a nature-house record\nwith a total of 28,000 visits.\nNature trails were maintained in Manning (3 trails), Miracle Beach, Shuswap\nLake, Goldstream, Emory Creek, and Skihist Parks, and briefly in Crooked River\nPark where an experiment failed. They were used by an estimated 70,000 people.\nGuided walks, most of them from one to two hours long, were offered on regular schedules in aU nine parks having park naturalists. These were new ventures in\nWickaninnish Beach, Shuswap Lake, Ellison, Okanagan Lake, and Haynes Point\nParks. About 7,000 people were led on 413 walks, with the most patronage being\nin July and August.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965\nY 35\nEvening outdoor talks, offered in only Manning Park last year, were given in\nsix additional parks this summer\u00E2\u0080\u0094Shuswap Lake, Wickaninnish Beach, Ellison,\nOkanagan Lake, Haynes Point, and Goldstream Parks. Only Manning Park had\nfacilities to show slides. Other \"theatres\" were impromptu gatherings about a\ncamp-fire. Naturalist staff talked to over 11,000 people, using about 15 titles on\n236 talks.\nConsistent with the policy of keeping nature houses fresh and interesting, 11\nnew indoor exhibits were planned, manufactured, and in place for the summer.\nA new programme of outdoor display signs at the entrances to parks was expanded\nfrom the two experimental displays of past years to a total of 12. As experiments\nsuggested, these metal signs withstood vandalism and the weather quite satisfactorily. Five informative leaflets were reprinted, and one new one on ferns was\nproduced.\nA preliminary survey of damage to nature caused by park use was completed\nin Garibaldi Park after observations had been made of damage and successful repairs\nin parks outside the Province.\nPlant and animal inventories for many parks are growing as time allows.\nOffshore from Wickaninnish Beach Park, on a small, rocky island known to be\ninhabited by sea lions and cormorants, a special discovery was made this year\u00E2\u0080\u0094the\nfirst nest of Brant's cormorant to be found in Canada. All former nesting records\nhave been from south of Canadian waters.\nYOUTH CREW PROGRAMME\nFor the 14th consecutive year, Youth Crews of 12 boys each were employed\nfor park development and maintenance work. This year 135 boys worked in Garibaldi, Alice Lake, Ten Mile Lake, Moyie Lake, and Manning Parks.\nLAND ACQUISITION\nPassage of the new Park Act enabled the reclassification of Strathcona and\nKokanee Glacier Parks from Class \"A\" to Class \" B \" and the establishment of\nnature conservancy areas over some 302,794 acres of Strathcona Park. It is anticipated that further nature conservancy areas will be established as soon as the necessary inventory work can be carried out.\nPrincipal field projects undertaken during the year included an examination of\nthe recreational potential of the Arrow Lakes flood-line, a general reconnaissance of\nthe Haines cut-off and Atlin Lake, an aerial reconnaissance from Atlin Lake south\nand east of Kiniskan Lake and Caribou Hide, a trail reconnaissance from the\nPasaytan River through to the Cathedral Lakes and the Ashnola River, and a\nboundary examination and analysis in Bowron Lakes Park.\nEleven new Class \"A\" parks, totalling 16,088 acres, and two Class \"C\" parks\ncontaining 432 acres, were established during the year. Boya Lake Park, containing approximately 11,360 acres, is the first park established on the Stewart-Cassiar\nHighway and is located some 54 miles south of the Alaska Highway. This park has\none of the few warm water lakes in the Cassiar District and will eventually be developed as a multi-use park for that district. The establishment of Crooked River Park,\n2,430 acres, on the Hart Highway, 45 miles north of Prince George, represents\nanother milestone. This site was developed some years ago, but final clearance for\nthe park was not forthcoming until mid-1965.\nAdditions totalling 98 acres were made to three Class \"A\" parks. Two Class\n\"C \" parks were extended to include a further 292 acres. An area of 12 acres was\ndeleted from one Class \"A\" park.\n Y 36 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nWe wish to acknowledge the assistance and co-operation of other Government\ndepartments in establishing recreational reserves over 97 areas, containing 17,095\nacres. Twelve areas, containing 1,932 acres, were deleted from reserve status. To\ndate, approximately 2,190 areas, containing 340,994 acres, have been reserved for\nrecreational use.\nDEVELOPMENT PLANS\nDuring 1965, the Parks Branch continued to place emphasis on completion and\nimprovement of existing parks rather than the development of new ones. Therefore,\nthroughout the year, the Development Plans office was especially concerned with\nimproving, beautifying, and expanding facilities in numerous small parks. In certain\nlarge parks, particularly Manning, Garibaldi, Kokanee Glacier, Bowron Lake, and\nMount Robson, planners continued to deal with basic policy and over-all plans.\nPlanners carried out regional surveys to determine the requirements for revamping. For instance, they are looking ahead to the completion of Highway No.\n16 from Jasper to Prince Rupert and the extra traffic to be carried by the forthcoming ferry service between Prince Rupert and Vancouver Island. In consideration of these projects, expansion of facilities was planned for Beaumont, Topley,\nMaclure Lake, Seeley Lake, Kleanza Creek, Lakelse Lake, and Prudhomme Lake\nParks. Recreational requirements along the section of Highway No. 16 passing\nthrough Mount Robson Park were also the subject of a special planning report.\nSimilar regional surveys were made for parks in Prince George, Kamloops,\nOkanagan, and Kootenay Districts. Plans were produced for new or changed facilities at Kiskatinaw, Whiskers Point, Crooked River, Shuswap Lake, Loon Lake,\nMarble Canyon, Victor Lake, Monck, Bromley Rock, Okanagan Lake, Antlers\nBeach, Haynes Point, Ellison, and Wasa Lake Parks.\nIt is anticipated that thousands of Lower Mainland people will be looking for\nrecreational opportunities along the scenic Squamish-Pemberton Highway, now\nunder construction; therefore, a survey was carried out to determine the most\nsuitable area for park development along that route and Nairn Falls, on Green River,\nwas chosen. In the Port Hardy-Alert Bay area, a planning reconnaissance survey\nwas made in anticipation of greater tourist travel in the northern portion of Vancouver Island.\nManning Park absorbed a large proportion of the planning staff's time. Last\nwinter the slopes around Gibson Pass were studied intensively to locate the most\nsuitable area for a ski development. A helicopter was used to gain a bird's-eye view\nof the topography. In the spring, plans were drawn up for ski-slopes, parking-lots,\nand a warming-hut. During the summer, supervision was given to the implementation of these plans. Other tasks in the park included the landscaping of Lightning\nLakes Recreational Reservoir, improvements to Cambie camp-site, and a landscape\nplan for staff trailer-sites.\n\"Back country\" reconnaissance of Garibaldi Park continued in 1965. The east\nside of Cheakamus River valley was selected for trail and road access to Cheakamus\nLake. Fitzsimmons Creek valley was explored as an access route to Singing Pass.\nIn both valleys, the Varsity Outdoor Club undertook to build trails under the supervision of the Parks Branch. The 2-mile trail in Cheakamus River valley was completed during October. It is hoped that this successful experiment in co-operative\ntrail building will be the beginning of further work by volunteer groups.\nA new map of the Black Tusk area was prepared for public distribution. Information notices were also prepared for the Rubble Creek and base camp entrances\nof the park.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965 Y 37\nIn Bowron Lake Park, detailed field work resulted in the preparation of a\nreport on current requirements, including a complete sign system around the circuit.\nSome of the camp-sites were found to be heavily worn as a result of a great increase\nin the number of canoeists. Plans were made to provide sufficient development of\nthe camp-sites to obviate continued erosion.\nThe National Ski Team's use of Kokanee Glacier Park for the summer racing\ncamp gave planning staff the problem of reconciling public use of the Slocan Chief\nCabin with the team's adjacent tent village. An additional problem in this park was\nto find a location for a new mining road so that it would serve recreational as well\nas industrial needs. In Strathcona Park, a mining road along Buttle Lake had to be\nlocated so that damage to recreational values would be kept to a minimum.\nPlanning staff worked with enginering staff in selection and development of a\nnew ski-slope on Mount Seymour. A twin tow will be installed to help serve the\nskiers who crowd Mount Seymour in ever-growing numbers.\nAs in other years, the mapping programme varied from basic to site planning.\nGaribaldi (Alouette Lake), Champion Lakes, Sheep Lake, and Ellison Parks were\namong the parks which received attention from the mappers.\nExtension work showed no signs of decreasing during 1965. Planning assistance was given to Squamish, Duncan, Kelowna, and other centres. The developers\nof Forbidden Plateau were given assistance in the planning of their ski-area.\nHISTORIC SITES\nBarkerville Historic Park\nPublic patronage of Barkerville Historic Park was greater than ever during\n1965. Approximately 127,000 visitor-days were recorded, and actual registration\nin the Museum visitors' book was 54,101.\nFunds provided through the Provincial Secretary's Department were expended\non programmes approved by the Barkerville Restoration Advisory Committee. In\nthe restoration area, the Government Assay Building was reconstructed. Furnishing of the J. P. Taylor Drugstore continues with assistance from the B.C. Pharmaceutical Association, which is collecting old merchandise and other suitable display\nmaterial and equipment. Equipment has been located for furnishing the Post Office-\nTelegraph Building. The front interior of the Barkerville Hotel has been renovated\nin preparation for accommodating the Root Beer Saloon, presently occupying inadequate space in the Nicol Hotel. Additions were made to the mechanical equipment\nin the Wake-up-Jake Cafe toward increasing the efficiency of the kitchen.\nMore than 80 people made generous donations of period pieces and display\nitems. One noteworthy item, obtained on loan from Mr. W. F. Evans, of Vancouver, was the bullion scale, long used by the Hudson's Bay Company at its Barkerville store.\nA staff parking-area, screened from the restoration area, has been constructed\nbetween the back street and Williams Creek. The large public parking-area near\nthe museum was enlarged by moving surplus buildings. The fourth phase of the\npermanent water system gives fire protection to the museum. Plans were completed\nfor extension of Government Hill camp-site, adding 60 camping-units to the 22 units\npresently available there.\nA sound film of the Theatre Royal stage show was produced by the Photographic Branch. General revenue from the Theatre Royal, concessions, and staff-\noperated activities exceeded $60,000 this year.\n Y 38 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nFort Steele Historic Park\nFunds provided through the Provincial Secretary's Department were also expended on programmes approved by the Fort Steele Foundation. The second phase\nof a permanent water system, connected to an existing 20,000 gallon reservoir and\npump, purchased from a local landowner, was completed under the direction of the\nWater Resources Branch.\nThe first phase of a two-story Regional Museum was completed, aimed at an\nofficial opening in 1967. A temporary museum display, produced in Victoria, was\ninstalled in the old N.W.M.P. Officers' Quarters building and attracted more than\n20,000 visitors between mid-July and mid-September.\nThe first reconstruction of a period building was undertaken with the erection\nof the \" Fort Steele Prospector \" newspaper building. Considerable restoration and\nrepairs were made to various buildings within the Composite Village. Roofs were\nreplaced on the Government Building, Masonic Hall, Fort Steele Trading Company\nWarehouse, Customs Office-Post Office building, Catholic Church, United Church,\nand Anglican Vicarage. Considerable repairs were made to both interiors and exteriors of Windsor Hotel and the Fort Steele Trading Company Store.\nA start was made on a landscaping programme by seeding 9 acres around the\nN.W.M.P. building, planting juniper shrubs fronting the palisade fence, and planting of a number of yellow pine seedlings around the perimeter of the Composite\nVillage.\nGrowing public familiarity with the over-all project is evidenced by increasing\nacquisition, mainly by donation, of museum exhibit and building display items,\nequipment, and merchandise. A collector-curator was appointed to accelerate the\ncollection of the wide assortment of necessary items. During the year, more than\n170 individuals donated suitable period items for eventual use in the project. The\nacquisition of an 1895 British locomotive gave a start to the planning of a standard-\ngauge steam railroad for public use.\nStop-of-interest Plaques\nOne stop-of-interest plaque, \" The First Highway,\" was erected overlooking the\nPeace River at Mile 34, Alaska Highway. Fifty-one of these plaques are now in\nplace as the result of a programme begun during the Centennial year of 1958. In\nconjunction with the Centennial Historic Commemorations Committee, work has\nbegun on the preparation of texts for 50 more stop-of-interest plaques, proposed\nfor placement throughout the Province during the Centennial years 1966 and 1967.\nOne local historic plaque, a smaller sign, drawing attention to \" Granby's Slag Pile,\"\nwas erected near Grand Forks.\nRoadside Rest Areas\nUnder a continuing co-operative programme with the Department of Highways,\n15 small rest areas were developed adjacent to main highways throughout the Province. Forty picnic tables, 6 toilet units, and 20 garbage gobblers were placed at this\ntype of site this year.\nENGINEERING DIVISION\nDevelopment of two new camp-sites was started; one a completely new project\nat Moberly Lake, and the other at Lakelse Lake to replace the camp-site demolished\nby a landslide early in 1962. Most other projects were improvements to existing\nfacilities and the majority of that work was done in Mount Seymour and Manning\nParks.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965\nY 39\nManning Park\nIn Manning Park, the recreational reservoir, including a boat dock, was completed after three years of work and will be in use during the 1966 season. A road\nwas constructed to Gibson Pass ski-ing area and a twin ski-tow and warming-hut\nwere installed.\nMount Seymour Park\nElectrification of all facilities in Mount Seymour Park was completed, including the installation of an electric twin ski-tow. One mile of road was reconstructed\nas the beginning of complete reconstruction of the road from the park entrance to\nthe main parking-area.\nWater Systems\nTo provide a pure supply of potable water in difficult situations, wells have\nbeen drilled and pumps installed at Gabriola Sands, Montague Harbour, McLure\nLake, and Rolley Lake Parks. Other work on the improvement of water supplies\nwas carried out at Bridal Veil Falls, Champion Lakes, Ellison, Haynes Point, and\nTen Mile Lake Parks. At Wickaninnish Beach Park, where it has been particularly\ndifficult to find a source of good water, an extensive water survey was conducted.\nCamp-sites and Picnic-sites\nIn addition to providing camp-sites in Moberly Lake and Lakelse Lake Parks,\ncamp-sites were improved and enlarged in Kiskatinaw, Moyie Lake, and Morton\nLake Parks. The picnic-sites at Bridal Veil Falls, Erie Creek, and Morton Lake\nParks were new projects. Beaver Creek and Champion Lakes Parks picnic-sites\nwere improved.\nAccess\nIn Bowron Lake Park the main access-road was improved and portage trails,\nwhich were previously extremely muddy, were given a corduroy surface.\nThe road to Rubble Creek parking-lot, and trails in that section of Garibaldi\nPark, were rerouted and improved. In the Diamond Head area of the same park,\nthe road to Heather Ridge was also improved.\nCompletion of a road-building project in Wells Gray Park now enables the\npublic to drive to Helmcken Falls, one of the many spectacular sights in that park.\nMarine Parks\nBecause wooden mooring buoys used for the past several years proved unsatisfactory and expensive to maintain, they have been replaced in all marine parks by\nplastic buoys.\nAt Sidney Spit Marine Park, a new pier was built for the safety and convenience of the public.\nOther Projects\nThe boat-launching area at Smith's Landing in Sproat Lake Park was improved,\ngeneral maintenance work was done on Mount Robson Park headquarters buildings\nin Red Pass, and a service-area building was constructed in Wells Gray Park.\nDesign and Contract Preparation\nThe Design office was busy throughout the year preparing designs and contract specifications for a toilet and shelter building for the Gibson Pass ski-ing area\nof Manning Park, a shelter for improved protection of valuable petroglyphs in\n Y 40 BRITISH COLUMBIA '\u00C2\u00BB\nPetroglyph Park at the southern outskirts of Nanaimo; a chlorination station to\nsafeguard the water-supply for Mount Seymour Park; a permanent structure nature\nhouse for Shuswap Lake Park to replace the tent used there for the past three years\non an experimental basis, buildings to house ski-tow machinery in Mount Seymour\nand Manning Parks, and a garage-workshop at Alouette Lake in the southern\nportion of Garibaldi Park.\nMapping and Road Surveys\nTo facilitate future park planning and development, mapping was carried on in\nStrathcona, Manning, Mount Seymour, Weaver Lake, and China Creek Parks.\nRoad surveys, to determine possible future access routes, were undertaken in\nthe Black Tusk, Diamond Head, and Alouette areas of Garibaldi Park.\nLangford Workshop\nAlthough there was only a slight increase in the production of camp-site and\npicnic-site furniture by comparison with 1964, there was a marked increase in the\ndemand for, and the production of, special displays, signs, and plaques.\nParks Branch-Attorney-General's Programme\nA labour force from the correction camps of the Attorney-General's Corrections Branch was used again this year with most satisfactory results. The inmates of\nthese camps did maintenance work in Garibaldi and Wells Gray Parks and camp-site\nand picnic-site development work at Morton Lake.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965\nY 41\nANNUAL ATTENDANCE\n50\nDAY VISITS\nCAMPER NIGHTS\n4-8\n46\n4.4\n4-2\n38\n3-6\n3-2\n3 0\n2-8\n(/. g\ns.\n2-6\n2-4\n22\n20\n1-8\n1-6\n1-4\n1-2\n10\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A28\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A06\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A24\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A02\no\n16 .\nin\nO oo ,1\n\u00C2\u00AB T \">\n,_ \u00C2\u00B0\u00C2\u00B0 \u00C2\u00AB Ov\nCN CO M .\nrv \u00E2\u0096\u00A0 CN\nCN\nvo \u00C2\u00B0*\nCN\n1955 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65\nYEAR\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965\nY 43\nPARKS WITH INTERPRETATIVE SIGNS OR TRAILS\n20-\n18\n16\n14\n10-\n8\n6\n4\n2\n0\nsXw^\"\n'A5KIi\nK. W. Woodward of British Columbia Travel Bureau, left, and Douglas lohnson,\nManager, Calgary Visitors and Conventions Bureau, staff booth of three western Provinces\nat Canadian Sportsmen's Show in Toronto.\nHon. W. K. Kiernan, Minister of Recreation and Conservation, speaks at a luncheon of the\nProvincial Tourist Advisory Council in Kelowna.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965 Y 47\nBRITISH COLUMBIA GOVERNMENT TRAVEL BUREAU\nR. L. Colby, Director\nValue of Tourism to British Columbia\nduring the Past Five Years\n1961 $115,000,000\n1962 145,000,000\n1963 150,485,480\n1964 183,936,000\n1965 201,13 3,300\nAn estimated total of 5,157,058 tourists enriched British Columbia's tourist\nindustry by some $201,133,300 during 1965.\nRevenue from 2,059,609 United States residents entering the Province by car\nvia the 49th parallel amounted to $82,384,360. A total of 533,795 arriving through\nAlberta, also by car, contributed $21,351,800, while 319,816 United States residents travelling by public carrier from the 49th parallel represented an investment\nof $12,792,640. Hence, 2,913,220 United States citizens visiting British Columbia\nby car, road, rail, sea, and air constitute tourist revenue of $116,528,800.\nCanadians arriving in British Columbia by car numbered 1,728,936 and, with\ntheir contribution of $69,157,440, brought the totals to 4,642,156 out-of-Province\nvisitors whose spending amounted to $185,686,240.\nAdded to this, the outlay of 514,902 British Columbia residents holidaying in\ntheir own Province in the amount of $15,447,060, constitutes a gross spending of\n$201,133,300 by 5,157,058 people, the highest amount and the highest number\nrecorded so far in the history of the tourist industry in British Columbia.\nPROMOTION\nFour major promotional sport shows were attended by the staff of the Travel\nBureau. They were:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nChicago: Outdoor Travel and Boat Show, March 5-15.\nToronto: Canadian National Sportsmen's Show, March 12-20.\nSeattle: Pacific Northwest Travel Show, March 19-28.\nWinnipeg: Manitoba Holiday, Travel and Sports Show, April 14-17.\nOur representatives were exposed to 750,000 people through the medium of\nthese shov/s. British Columbia worked solely on a personal contact basis, using\nthe literature we have at our disposal. Time was also spent at these travel shows\ninspecting other booths to allow us to plan our own exhibit to be used in further\nshows of this nature.\nDuring 1965, numerous personal contacts were made in Manitoba, Alberta,\nand Washington. These were calls on automobile clubs and persons interested in\ndirecting travel to British Columbia. The Travel Bureau participated in television\nshows in Dayton, Ohio; Chicago; and Seattle, as well as radio interviews and press\ninterviews.\nA member of our staff participated in the Los Angeles Goodwill Tour known\nas the Vancouver Island Goodwill Tour, sponsored by the British Columbia Ferry\n Y 48 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nAuthority. This 16-day Los Angeles tour used an 80-slide film presentation. This\ngroup undertook more than 100 speaking, television, and radio engagements which\nreached a wide segment of the travel public in Southern California.\nIn addition to these activities, many dinners and luncheons were arranged by\nthis department, many conventions were organized, and information was provided\nto inexperienced operators.\nThe departmental display at Casa Loma, Toronto, was refurbished by the\nTravel Bureau and brought up to date where needed.\nPUBLIC INFORMATION AND EDUCATION\nA total of 410 stories sent out to editors in various parts of the world, including\nNew Zealand and Hong Kong, received a high acceptance rate. Many of these\nstories were specially prepared. One was on the grizzly bear for the Financial Post,\nToronto, and another on steelhead fishing for Fishing World, New York. In other\ncases the Public Information Officer worked with staff writers in preparation of\nspecial material, one instance being Maclean's magazine, Toronto.\nThe recent trend of publishing houses to have copy checked prior to actual\npublication increased during the year. Much time was devoted to this since in\nalmost all cases a great deal of research was necessary. The Public Information\nOfficer also worked closely with free-lance writers engaged on assignments on British\nColumbia. Considerable checking was done for the Canadian Government Travel\nBureau, Ottawa. Programme copy was prepared for the Canadian Broadcasting\nCorporation, and a talk was given at Langley for the National Film Board's adult\neducation series.\nNarration for Photographic Branch film on the Okanagan was checked and the\nnarration for \" Land of the Overlanders \" was written. Narration for another proposed film was also written.\nEight issues of the British Columbia Government News were prepared during\n1965. One special issue was published for the Department of Health Services and\nHospital Insurance on mental health, another for the Department of Lands, Forests,\nand Water Resources, and three special financial issues for the Department of\nFinance.\nSeveral press releases and a special paper for the British Columbia Civil Service Commission were written during the year. Captions for the departmental\nP.N.E. display were prepared.\nCopy was prepared for Bureau folders, including the booklet \"Live, Work,\nand Play.\"\nExtensive research was done on a slide presentation for Canadian National\nRailways. A write-up on \" Valley of the Swans \" was completed for Canadian Industries Limited, Montreal. Captions for departmental displays at Toronto and\nWinnipeg were prepared. A condensation of 1964 economic progress in British\nColumbia was completed for American Publishers Representatives, Toronto. Material and photographs were sent to the Agent-General, British Columbia House,\nEngland. Facts on British Columbia were sent to Marlin Firearms Company,\nConnecticut.\nCopy for \" Beautiful British Columbia \" magazine was edited.\nSeveral out-of-town trips with out-of-Province guests were completed. These\nincluded a trip to the Peace River power project with a British journalist; one to a\nVancouver Island newsprint plant with the assistant editor, Irish Independent, Republic of Ireland; and another to Golden to conduct a free-lance writer on a British\nColumbia tour. Several other journalists and travel agents from England, United\nStates, Canada, Germany, and Austria were assisted on travel tours. Visiting\nA.S.T.A. members were met. Prominent New Zealand broadcaster, Mr. Selwyn\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965 Y 49\nToogood, was escorted and assisted by live interviews with various people in government and civic employ.\nSeveral meetings of the Publications Committee of the British Columbia Centennial Committee were attended in Vancouver and Victoria.\nAltogether, the year resulted in still further harmony between publicity sources\nand this office. Correspondence increased tremendously, as did liaison with Government departments. The year-end result was gratifying, with the image of British\nColumbia carried far.\nACCOMMODATION AND CONVENTION SECTIONS\nAccommodation Section\nThe most important phases of the activities of the Accommodation Counsellors\nof the British Columbia Government Travel Bureau in 1965 were inauguration of\na new Government tourist-accommodation approval-system and compilation of\na new format for the 1966 Tourist Accommodation Directory.\nDuring January, approximately 6,000 copies of the 1965 Directory were mailed\nto tourist establishments in British Columbia and to many travel agents throughout\nthe world. An entirely new system of tourist-accommodation approval was devised,\nand each tourist establishment was visited. This was done by Accommodation\nCounsellors who not only inspected tourist accommodation, but also discussed the\noperational problems with the operator and, in some cases, advised the operator on\nsimpler and more efficient methods of operation. For the first time, virtually all\ntourist establishments were visited in one year in what has proved to be a most successful arrangement.\nConvention Section\nDuring 1965 convention promotion was increased and promotional calls on\nconvention organizations were made in Chicago, Toronto, Seattle, and Vancouver.\nPersonal contacts in these cities were in addition to our direct mail contacts and\npersonal inquiries directed to this office.\nTo assist Chambers of Commerce to promote their own conventions, the 1965\nlist of British Columbia Conventions was compiled and distributed to the various\nChamber of Commerce executives on a confidential basis. Our convention brochure, \" British Columbia, a Memorable Land for Conventions,\" was distributed to\npersons requesting information on convention facilities. Convention mail inquiries\nincreased during 1965, showing that our efforts are becoming known throughout the\nconvention world. We have now completed three years of promotion in this field\nand, on reviewing the records of conventions for 1963, 1964, and 1965, it is interesting to note the average length of convention stay has increased. The number of\nconventions recorded has also increased steadily.\nThe estimated expenditures by delegates to conventions in British Columbia\nfor 1963 were $3,274,150; for 1964, $3,334,200; and 1965, $5,549,250, showing\na significant increase each year. The number of delegates attending in these three\nyears was: 1963,34,370; 1964,41,370; and 1965, 54,880. The National Association of Convention Bureaux now states that a delegate attending a convention on\nthe North American continent spends an average of $42.34 per day. Our figures\nare based on $35 per day per delegate. The number of conventions being held in\nBritish Columbia is definitely increasing, and this phase of the travel industry is\nmaking a large contribution to earnings in the over-all travel picture.\nCOUNSELLING SECTION\nThe Counselling Section of the British Columbia Government Travel Bureau\nexperienced a busy year. With two permanent staff members and two temporary\n Y 50 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nmembers during the months when mail inquiries are at their peak (February-September), more than 137,818 mail inquiries were answered. A fairly large proportion\nof these inquiries came from referrals from other Provincial Government Departments, Canadian Government Travel Bureau, Victoria Visitors Bureau, and Vancouver Visitors Bureau. A new direct mail promotion completed by the Canadian\nGovernment Travel Bureau has started an upswing in the number of referrals from\nthat source.\nRequests for British Columbia literature from teachers and students ranged\nfrom 156 to 1,777 inquiries per month. All suitable literature was distributed in\nresponse to these inquiries as it is felt that teachers and students are prospective\nvisitors to this Province.\nThe Counselling Section prepared many information booklets, bulletins, and\ncurrent-events information used when answering inquiries. Assistance was given\nwith the preparation of the Ski B.C. brochure, Industrial Tours, and the British\nColumbia Ferry Authority Sheet.\nAssistance was given with familiarization tours of Canadian Government Travel\nBureau personnel, travel counsellors from automobile associations and travel agencies, editors, and authors.\nIt should be noted that the Counselling Section was without the assistance of a\nSenior Travel Counsellor for nearly two months at a time of year when mail inquiries\nwere at their peak. Without the outstanding co-operation of all staff members in\nthis Section, the task of answering these inquiries would have been much more\ndifficult.\nADVERTISING\nThe programme of advertising in American magazines and newspapers was\ncontinued. This included joint advertising with the States of Washington and Oregon in certain publications as in previous years. The advertising programme in\nCanadian magazines and newspapers was expanded with the assistance of a newly\nintroduced Matching Grants Plan sponsored by the Canadian Government Travel\nBureau. Under this programme, joint advertising in eastern Canada was carried out\nwith the Provinces of Alberta and Saskatchewan in addition to our own promotions.\nLITERATURE\nIncreasing demand for literature made it necessary to order 750,000 copies\nof our travel and camp-site map and also to increase our orders for the Tourist\nAccommodation Directory to 350,000 copies. Four hundred thousand copies were\nrequired of our general pictorial booklet entitled \" Beautiful British Columbia, Canada.\" Many other relatively minor but very useful publications were issued, such\nas the Calendar of Events, Road Report, etc. One new publication was prepared\nwhich listed all industrial tours in the Province which are offered by industry to\nvisitors. The booklet \" Live, Work, and Play \" was also completely updated and\nredesigned.\n\"BEAUTIFUL BRITISH COLUMBIA\" MAGAZINE\nThe steady increase in the sales of subscriptions to \" Beautiful British Columbia \" magazine has continued. The average circulation per issue has now reached\n145,000, largely as the result of the special Winter Issue promotion. Subscriptions\nhave increased from 44,000 at the end of 1964 to 58,000 at the end of 1965. The\nwide acceptance of the magazine has proved it to be a most satisfactory promotional\npublication.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965\nY 51\nTOURIST INFORMATION CENTRES\nThe continued popularity of Tourist Information Centres in Vancouver and\nalong major highway routes was indicated by increased numbers of stops made by\nvisiting motorists, added visitor-days spent in British Columbia, and miles travelled\nby out-of-Province vacationers.\nThe Vancouver office, which was relocated at 652 Burrard Street on April 1,\nanswered 35,196 inquiries by mail, telephone, or to travellers who called at the\noffice. A considerable increase in mail inquiries was recorded, 7,416 being processed, of which 2,220 required detailed letters. The move to the new address was\nmade without interruption of service through careful planning and excellent staff\nco-operation. Design of the centre is now of a type to allow visitors to help themselves to regional and Provincial literature. Studies done during the peak summer\nperiod proved this change popular, with a considerable percentage of callers browsing the racks. These visitors are not recorded in the annual totals, which could be\nadjusted upward by about 20 per cent if actual centre activity is to be assessed.\nThe Douglas Border-crossing Information Centre opened June 1, and at closing on September 12 had served 15,304 cars carrying 49,391 persons who planned\nto spend 78,899 days in British Columbia and travel 8,348,215 miles.\nThe Abbotsford Information Centre, located a few miles east of Abbotsford\non the median of Highway No. 401, gave assistance to 45,388 persons in 14,697\ncars. These vacation travellers indicated they would spend 119,698 visitor-days\nin British Columbia and travel 15,438,500 miles.\nThe trailer-housed centre located at the junction of Highways Nos. 1 and 97a\nat Sicamous, served 16,312 persons in 4,900 cars. These visitors indicated they\nwould spend 41,213 days and travel 7,338,730 miles while in British Columbia.\nAt Cache Creek, a trailer centre was opened for the month of August and 2,246\ncars stopped there. A total of 6,738 persons were given travel assistance and they\nindicated they would cover 2,119,200 miles while in the Province.\nBanff was again a valuable location for a British Columbia information centre.\nTotals for this strategic outlet were: 9,952 persons in 3,463 cars, with plans to\ntravel 4,358,800 miles in 29,143 days.\nAll centres were staffed with skilled counsellors, many of whom are employed\nby the British Columbia Government Travel Bureau during university vacation.\nThis is felt to be a sound policy, in that it assures staffs of responsible young people,\nand at the same time assists them in financing their higher education.\nMATCHING GRANTS\nThe Matching Grants Plan was again an excellent means of promoting the\ntourist industry in British Columbia. The 1965 amount allocated for this purpose\nwas increased to $175,000 from $150,000 in 1964.\nAllotments to the larger regions were used during the year. The Department\ncontinues to be pleased at the response of the smaller regions in the utilization\nof funds.\nFIELD WORK AND LIAISON\nThe Director attended a Provincial Tourist Advisory Council meeting at Victoria in March, and another in Kelowna in September. The Provincial Tourist\nAdvisory Council which was established in 1964 has completed its first year with\nthe successful fall meeting held in Kelowna. This meeting was followed by a general\nmeeting open to all people of the Province interested in the tourist industry.\n Y 52 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nThe Director also attended the Annual Convention of the Canadian Tourist\nAssociation at Hamilton, Ontario, and the Federal-Provincial Tourist Conference\nat Ottawa in November. He was present at the opening of the new Canadian Government Travel Bureau Office, Los Angeles.\nThe firm of Transportation Consultants, Inc., was appointed to assist the work\nof the Travel Bureau and that of British Columbia House, San Francisco, in the\ngreater Los Angeles area.\nThe Assistant Director visited Japan and Hong Kong in late February and in\nMarch as a member of the Federal Government Travel Trade Mission. He participated in various parts of the Province in \" Project Hospitality,\" sponsored by the\nCanadian Tourist Association, the object of which was to upgrade the service industry to tourists.\nA staff member attended a special promotion of the American Society of Travel\nAgents in Hong Kong. Promotional material was gathered and shipped to Hong\nKong via Canadian Pacific Air Lines. Invitations were delivered to 3,500 A.S.T.A.\ndelegates, as well as newspapers and A.S.T.A. officers. Signs were arranged in the\nlobby of the Hong Kong Hilton Hotel stating that the Beautiful British Columbia\nbooth was open from noon to midnight in Room 401. During this period our British\nColumbia representative had an average of 159 persons per day visiting the display.\nThese visits were part of the biggest travel sales force in the world\u00E2\u0080\u0094the travel agents.\nMeetings were attended in connection with the Pacific Northwest Travel Association, and a travel editors' tour in the Province was conducted in co-operation with\nthat organization.\nThe Bureau had one of its most outstanding years in relation to the contacting\nof out-of-Province travel writers, editors, travel counsellors, and others in the promotional field. More than 100 of these people were escorted through various parts\nof the Province and this resulted in a great deal of valuable publicity both on the\nAmerican continent and abroad.\nDuring the year, the Bureau continued its participation as a member of\nthe Food Trade and Accommodation Industry Advisory Council and, as a subcommittee, known as the Hospitality Committee, in conjunction with the British\nColumbia Hotels Association, British Columbia Motels and Resorts Association,\nand the Department of Education, it embarked on a publicity and public-relations\nprogramme to upgrade the service industries and to create an interest among high-\nschool graduates to take up the hospitality industry as a career.\nSETTLEMENT\nThrough the co-operation of Provincial and Federal departments, the Travel\nBureau assisted in servicing inquiries from many prospective settlers. Approximately 60 settlement inquiries per month were received from other Provinces, the\nUnited States, Europe, Australia, and Africa.\nBRITISH COLUMBIA HOUSE, SAN FRANCISCO\nIn the recreational department, British Columbia House in 1965 exceeded all\nother years in the development of the tourist industry. The San Francisco office has\ndeveloped a field of endeavour that has proved to be most productive. This was\ndone in co-operation with transportation companies, travel organizations, and by\nreaching individual people. The approach was made through travel shows. Certain\ntypes of meetings are interested only in entertainment and have little value in developing travel. We will continue to use these meetings only as a secondary media as\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965 Y 53\ntime permits. Preference will be given to travel shows where British Columbia films\nare shown in California, the mid-Western States, the South and South-eastern States,\nin conjunction with transportation companies and travel organizations where audiences range from 500 to 1,000 and in many cases more than 2,000. At several of\nthese meetings British Columbia is given the opportunity to give travel talks on\ntourism in its great variety of opportunities for holidays in British Columbia of the\ntourists' choice.\nWork at the exhibitions continues to be of great value. In 1965, British Columbia House in six major fairs had a display that catered to a gate attendance of\n3,025,988. In all, 335,000 pieces of literature were distributed at these fairs.\nPersonal contacts were maintained with automobile clubs, travel agents,\nwholesale travel agents, transportation companies, and tourist organizations throughout the year. Our regular mailing-list sent out over the year now exceeds 2,000,\nand is increasing every month. Agencies that do not have travel business to British\nColumbia have been deleted. These are offices of organizations dealing only with\noverseas travel or areas represented by foreign governments. Express and freight\nshipments of literature have exceeded all previous years.\nIn the United States, travel guides list 5,814 travel agencies, of which 904 are\nin California, 216 being in Los Angeles and 139 in San Francisco. There are also\n153 wholesale travel agencies. Of the total number, approximately one-third are\ninterested only in overseas business.\nFilm circulation continues, but more copies will be required to handle the\nbusiness operating in and through British Columbia House. The Canada Film\nBoard library is used where possible, though certain types of business must be contained within our own organization. This applies to programmes we become part of.\nSenior citizens and other travel-minded people have organized clubs that have\na membership of more than 456,000 in California. Some of these are brought together by transportation companies with whom British Columbia House works.\nMany also operate their own shows. These clubs have committees that invite organizations, such as British Columbia House, to show films and distribute literature.\nThese groups avoid commercial companies as much as possible. Thus, British Columbia House, being a non-commercial organization, has been selected to make\ntravel presentations, to participate in film lectures, and to plan vacation tours for\nthese groups. This particular field has proved to be a tremendous source for encouraging tourists to travel to British Columbia.\nBritish Columbia House, at the present time, covers in its development of travel\nthe Pacific Coast States, all States west of the Mississippi River, as well as Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, the city of Detroit, Michigan, and part of Indiana,\nTennessee, Kentucky, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and Florida. These areas\nhave become very productive in the development of tourist traffic and are excellent\nsources of traffic developed from the travel shows put on in conjunction with transportation companies to which travel agents are invited.\nOn behalf of the Department of Highways, British Columbia House distributed\nfilms throughout the United States as far east as New York. The requests come\nfrom engineering firms, universities, and government agencies. Many of these requests develop inquiries for tourist information as well as industrial development in\nBritish Columbia.\nIn addition to the regular mailing-list, travel information is mailed in response\nto coupons used in newspaper advertising, inquiries received in the mail, and requests for literature from agencies. Inquiries on travel to British Columbia increase\neach year, particularly from families desirous to spend a holiday in our Province.\n Y 54 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nInterest in the new British Columbia Ferry Authority service to Prince Rupert\nhas been very heavy, indicating the need for this service.\nGENERAL\nThe Travel Section received a total of 137,818 inquiries by mail during the\nyear in addition to an unrecorded number of counter and telephone inquiries.\nA breakdown of the types of inquiries is as follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nMail inquiries (coupons, lists), receiving kits 125,594\nMail inquiries from teachers and students 11,504\nMail inquiries re settlement 720\nTOURIST VISITS\nz\no\nto\noc\nO\nI-\n35\n>\n5-\n4-\n3-\n2\nI\nm m\nI960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965\nTOURIST REVENUE\n2001\nto\nz\nO\n=!<\n2j\nZO I00\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Q\nUJ u.\ni\u00C2\u00B0\nUJ\nI960 I96I I962 I963 I964 I965\n PROVINCIAL MUSEUM\nOF NATURAL HISTORY\nAND ANTHROPOLOGY\n Steel and concrete skeleton of new museum complex reached this stage at the end of 1965.\n'\"^^\"fes-:?*^\nModel by F. L. Beebe of a proposed coastal diorama for the new museum building.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965 Y 57\nPROVINCIAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY\nAND ANTHROPOLOGY\nG. Clifford Carl, Director\nRegular routines of museum operation were carried on throughout 1965 in the\nusual way, but pervading all was a new outlook as a result of the programme of\nplanning and construction which dominated our activities.\nPLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMME\nWhen the decision was made in 1964 to construct a museum-archives building\nto commemorate the 1967 Centennal it was realized that timing was of utmost importance in order to meet the deadline. Public Works officials charged with the\nplanning programme therefore drew up a work schedule which has been successfully\nfollowed to date with only minor changes.\nThe site chosen for the new structure is immediately north of the present Douglas Building, an area which has been used as a parking-lot for some years. This\nlocation has the advantage of being in close proximity to other Government buildings and convenient for use by the general public.\nEarly in the planning it was obvious that a single building could not be designed\nto provide the varied facilities and services required; a complex of three interconnected structures was therefore decided upon.\nThe largest is a four-floored rectangular building to house two large exhibit\nhalls, a lecture theatre, classrooms, administration offices, lounges, and other public\nfacilities. Workshops and storage areas will occupy most of the basement level.\nThe second structure is a tower designed to accommodate the scientific staff.\nIt will contain offices, laboratories, storerooms, preparation rooms, and illustration\nstudio. The design will permit the installation of mezzanine floors when additional\nspace is required.\nThe third building is a low two-storied structure to house the archives and\nrelated services. It will contain the reference library, the microfilm bureau, a repog-\nraphy service, and facilities for displaying and storing maps, pictures, documents,\nand other two-dimensional material of historic value.\nTo harmonize with their surroundings and particularly to show a kinship with\nthe Legislative Buildings, the new structures will be faced with stone from the same\nquarries and will repeat certain design elements which characterize the older buildings. The landscaping will feature courtyards at various levels in which will be\nlocated pieces of sculpture by British Columbia artists.\nTo make the best use of the limited time available, planning has been done in\nstages and contracts for each phase have been let. Excavation started on May 6\nwith a ground-breaking ceremony during which Honourable W. A. C. Bennett,\nPremier, set off the first blast. Other phases of construction were: July, first steel\ncontract let; August, construction of foundations commenced; October, substructure of lecture theatre completed; November, first steel erected; December, final\nworking drawings almost completed.\nFIELD WORK\nA number of visits to various parts of the Province were made this year mostly\nto collect specimens and information in connection with new exhibits being prepared\n Y 58 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nfor the new building. The first of these was in May when several staff members\nspent a number of days in the Okanagan Valley in company with Mr. Clarence Til-\nlenius, a noted artist-illustrator who has been engaged to create dioramas for the\nnew museum building. The main purpose of the visit was to select a locale for a\nhabitat group featuring the wildlife of the dry Interior and to make field sketches,\npreliminary collections, and a photographic record of a specific area. Mrs. Grace\nBell, of Victoria, also assisted by making a taped record of typical natural sounds.\nMr. Karl Spreitz, of the Photographic Branch, was responsible for photography.\nIn late May, Mr. C. J. Guiguet and Mr. F. L. Beebe collaborated with officials\nof the Fish and Game Branch in making a survey of the peregrine falcon population\nin the Queen Charlotte Islands, necessitated by increasing requests for permits to\ntake birds for use in falconry.\nIn June, Mr. Wilson Duff visited Prince Rupert, Hazelton, Kitwanga, and other\ncentres in this general area in connection with his various anthropological interests.\nIn mid-July Mr. Guiguet, Mr. Tillenius, and Mr. John Hermann-Blome, taxidermist, visited the Chilcotin country to collect specimens of bighorn sheep to be\nmounted for display in a habitat group being planned.\nDuring part of August, Mr. Guiguet continued a long-term trapping programme\ndesigned to study the distribution of small mammals on coastal islands. Folger,\nEdward, King, and Seppings Islands were surveyed as well as a portion of Bamfield\nPeninsula.\nIn the latter part of August, Dr. Szczawinski worked in the Peace River district\nmaking a representative collection of plants in the neighbourhood of Hudson Hope\nas part of an over-all programme being carried on in the Province. The British\nColumbia Hydro and Power Authority were most helpful in providing accommodation, transportation, and other services.\nAt other times, Dr. Szczawinski made a number of short field visits to various\nparts of Vancouver Island, assisting various botanists in collecting research material.\nIn mid-September, Mr. Guiguet, Mr. Hermann-Blome, and wildlife artist Mr.\nHugh Monahan, travelled to Tuya Lake, north-west of Dease Lake, to collect\ncaribou and to make on-the-spot photographs, colour notes, and plant collections\nfor a diorama featuring the wildlife of this portion of the Province.\nIn early November, Mr. Guiguet spent several days in the Columbia Valley\nnorth of Golden in an attempt to secure a moose suitable for display, but unfavourable weather conditions precluded success. Later, in December, he was able to\ncollect a suitable animal north of Fort St. James with the aid of Mr. Tillenius and\nConservation Officer Gordon Gosling, who were in the area gathering material for\na habitat group.\nAlso during the summer months a considerable amount of field work was carried on by the Archaeological Sites Advisory Board, mainly at Montague Harbour\non Galiano Island, where an extensive \" dig \" was made. Although the Museum was\nnot directly involved, Mr. Duff and Mr. Abbott assisted in several ways and paid\nseveral visits to the site during the season.\nThanks to a sum of money released by special warrant and administered by\nthe Provincial Secretary's Department, we were able to begin purchasing historical\nmaterial for both the Provincial Museum and Provincial Archives. For this purpose\nMr. R. H. Nichols was appointed field agent. His itinerary this season passed\nthrough the East Kootenay area, Shuswap, Lytton, and parts of Vancouver Island.\nSeveral lots of valuable Indian material were obtained as well as series of old photographs and miscellaneous pioneer items.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965 Y 59\nPUBLICATIONS\nThe following publications have appeared in 1965:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nG. Clifford Carl.\nPelicans in British Columbia. Wildlife Review, Vol. 3, No. 7, pp. 12, 13.\nThe Amphibians of British Columbia. British Columbia Provincial Museum Handbook No. 2, pp. 1-63 (reissue).\nWilson Duff.\nThoughts on the Nootka Canoe. Report of the Provincial Museum for\n1964, pp. 24-31.\nThe Indian History of British Columbia. Vol. 1, The Impact of the White\nMan. Anthropology in British Columbia, Memoir No. 5 (1964),\npp. 1-117.\nR. Y. Edwards.\nBirds Seen in Active Pass, British Columbia. Report of the Provincial\nMuseum for 1964, pp. 19-23.\nJ. Bristol Foster.\nThe Evolution of the Mammals of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British\nColumbia. Occasional Papers of the British Columbia Provincial\nMuseum, No. 14, pp. 1-130 (December).\nC. J. Guiguet (with I. McT. Cowan).\nThe Mammals of British Columbia. British Columbia Provincial Museum Handbook No. 11 (third edition, revised), pp. 1-414.\nJosephine F. L. Hart.\nLife History and Larval Development of Cryptolithodes typicus Brandt\n(Decapoda, Anomura) from British Columbia. Crustaceana, Vol.\n8, Pt. 3, pp. 255-276.\nA. F. Szczawinski.\nInsectivorous Vascular Plants of British Columbia. Victoria Naturalist,\nVol. 22, No. 3, pp 25-27.\nAsclepias speciosa Torr. Milkweed, Silkweed. Victoria Naturalist, Vol.\n22, No. 4, p. 37.\nSeveral other publications are in various stages of preparation. Among them\nare Handbook No. 25, \"The Lily Family (Liliacea.) of British Columbia,\" by Dr.\nT. M. C. Taylor, and Volume 2 of the \" Indian History of British Columbia,\" by\nWilson Duff, scheduled for appearance in 1966.\nAt the 1965 annual meeting of the American Association for Conservation\nInformation, the British Columbia Department of Recreation and Conservation\nentry of the Handbook Series was awarded second place for outstanding publications in the international field.\nCURATORIAL ACTIVITIES\nDuring the course of the year, several moves were made involving both curators\nand collections. Through the Department of Public Works, additional space was\nmade available in the old \" Mc and Mc Building,\" 1450 Government Street. Here,\ntwo offices, a display laboratory, a workshop, and storage areas were created to take\ncare of our immediate needs. Totem poles, canoes, furniture, and other historical\nand biological materials were moved in and restoration work was commenced on\nthose destined for display.\nA second shift involved moving the illustration studio and preparation room\nfrom quarters occupied since the early 1930's to a reconditioned dwelling at 609\nSuperior Street. Included in the transfer were skeletons and unrelated boxes of\n Y 60 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nseveral whales, fish specimens, fossils, shells, and publications. Some historical\ncollections, and archaeological materials, including human remains, were also moved\ninto storage areas in this newly occupied building.\nIn May, Dr. A. F. Szczawinski, Curator of Botany, attended the founding meeting of the Canadian Botanical Association in Ottawa and was elected Regional\nDirector of the Association for a two-year term. Dr. Szczawinski has also been\nactive in making preliminary arrangements for the world congress of botanists to\nbe held in Tokyo in 1966.\nRESEARCH\nFurther collecting was carried on by Mr. Guiguet in the Barkley Sound area as\nreported elsewhere as part of a long-range study of the distribution and evolutionary\nhistory of the small mammals of British Columbia, particularly insular forms.\nA major research project in the field of botany was launched by Dr. A. F.\nSzczawinski and Dr. T. M. C. Taylor (former head of the Department of Botany,\nUniversity of British Columbia), who are collaborating on a study leading to a\npublication on the flora of British Columbia.\nWork on the archaeological material collected at the Pedder Bay site in 1964\nhas been carried on by Mr. Abbott and will eventually lead to a publication on this\nimportant midden.\nThroughout the year the Museum has continued to loan research material to\nother institutions or specialists and has carried on an active exchange of plant specimens with herbaria in Canada, the United States, and Europe.\nTHUNDERBIRD PARK\nThe carving programme in Thunderbird Park has been carried on by Henry\nHunt and Eugene (Tony) Hunt as usual with but a few interruptions occasioned by\nsickness. Except for a few accessories which are to be added later, the two poles\ndestined for erection on the campus of the University of Victoria were completed\nand delivered in June. These are a copy of a 50-foot Nass River pole obtained from\nthe City of Prince Rupert and a replica of a 55-foot pole acquired from Kitwancool\nin 1962.\nWork was then started on a replica of the 40-foot Haida pole, known as the\nWeeping Women of Tanu, and this reached about the half-way mark by the end of\nthe year.\nBesides these larger projects the carvers were called upon to produce several\nsmaller poles, some for the Museum collection and some for official gifts. Among\nthe latter was an Indian-style box by Tony Hunt used at an international conference\nof travel agents at Hong Kong.\nSeveral poles and canoes were moved from the Indian house to the new workshop at 1450 Government Street, where they were cleaned, repaired, and stored.\nSTAFF CHANGES\nThe Museum staff suffered a serious loss when Mr. Wilson Duff left to accept\na teaching post at the University of British Columbia. During his 15 years of service, Mr. Duff accomplished a great deal in furthering the Museum's interest in the\nfiled of anthropology. He was instrumental in bringing the late Chief Mungo Martin\nto Victoria in 1952 and directed the carving programme in Thunderbird Park. He\nfounded the Museum's publication series in anthropology and directed the Province's\narchaeological programme since 1960, when it was initiated under a new Act. For\ntwo years he was president of the British Columbia Museum's Association and is\ncurrently a member of the Indian Advisory Committee. His experience in all phases\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965 Y 61\nof the museum field was of great help in the initial planning stages of the new building. His fellow staff members wish him well in his new post.\nFollowing Mr. Duff's departure, Mr. Don Abbott was made Acting Curator\nof Anthropology.\nIn September, Mr. Erik Thorn joined our staff as Chief of the Display Division.\nHis varied experience in designing and installing exhibits in museums, both in\nEurope and in Canada, will be invaluable in directing the preparation of a display\nprogramme for the new building.\nOther recent appointees are: Mr. John Smyly as technician; Mr. Michael\nMiller as student-taxidermist; Mr. Robert H. Nichols as field agent and Mr. John\nSendey as assistant (both in co-operation with the Provincial Archives); and Mr.\nPeter Macnair as assistant in anthropology.\nOn a part-time basis, early in the year Mr. R. York Edwards, Park Interpretation Officer of the Provincial Parks Branch, was loaned to us to help organize the\ndisplay programme in its formative stages. His assistance at this critical time was\ngreatly appreciated.\nEXTENSION\nThroughout the year, staff members gave a number of illustrated talks to\nvarious groups and a few presentations of a more formal type were presented to\nlearned societies. Museum personnel also took part in several sessions of career\ncounselling arranged by local service clubs through the National Employment\nService.\nIn early spring the Director presented a series of wildlife and conservation lectures in various centres across Canada, east as far as Quebec City, under the combined auspices of the Canadian Audubon Society, the National Audubon Society,\nand local conservation groups.\nDISPLAY PROGRAMME\nIn addition to the activities already outlined in connection with collecting of\ndisplay materials, considerable time was devoted to planning the exhibit halls, particularly in the natural history division, and some progress has been made.\nThe major undertaking in this division is the planning, construction, and installation of a series of dioramas or habitat groups, which, together with accessory\nexhibits, will give an over-all picture of the natural history of the Province when\ncompleted. The first phase, planned for installation in 1967, involves four large\ndioramas, as follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nCoastal Region.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Featuring blacktail deer and cougar in oak-arbutus habitat\nin fall overlooking the Gulf Islands.\nDry Interior.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Featuring bighorn sheep in spring above Vaseux Lake, Okanagan Valley.\nSub-alpine Plateau.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Featuring caribou in summer in the Tuya Lake area.\nNorthern Interior.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Featuring moose in black spruce habitat in winter near\nPink Mountain.\nMr. Frank L. Beebe of the Museum staff is undertaking the direction and\ninstallation of the first-named diorama, Mr. Clarence Tillenius and Mr. Hugh Mona-\nhan, both noted wildlife artists with considerable museum experience, have been\nengaged to direct and install the remaining three planned at this time. Mr. John\nHermann-Blome has been invited to do the taxidermy of the large mammals, and\nMr. A. J. Braun will prepare some of the birds and other accessory mounts.\n Y 62 ;, BRITISH COLUMBIA\nIn all cases, field-sketches, colour-notes, and photographs have been obtained\nduring on-the-spot visits, and a scale model has been constructed of one.\nA scale model of both exhibit floors has also been prepared and a general floor\nplan has been agreed upon. Work is proceeding on the layout details for the human\nhistory division.\nIn May we obtained space in the old \"Mc and Mc Building,\" 1450 Government Street, where a display studio, workshop, and storage space were prepared.\nHere, totem poles, canoes, and other objects from scattered sources were gathered\ntogether and restoration work was commenced. By the end of the year many had\nbeen repaired and readied for display.\nATTENDANCE\nThe following attendance figures for 1965 are estimates based upon sample\ncounts at irregular intervals:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nJanuary 4,900 August 71,500\nFebruary 6,900 September 19,000\nMarch 6,600 October 3,900\nApril 10,000 November 2,800\nMay 13,000 December 1,500\nJune 15,300 \t\nJuly 36,600 Total 190,000\nCompared with the total estimated attendance of 161,700 for the previous year,\nthe number of visitors this year has shown an increase of about 18 per cent, the\nhighest on record except for the year 1962, when tourism was phenomenally boosted\nby the World's Fair in Seattle.\nAgain this year the Museum remained open until 9 p.m. each evening, except\nSunday, during the summer months, as an extra service to visitors to the city.\nAs a point of interest, a tally was made of the number of children compared\nwith the number of adult visitors on a typical day in late summer. The proportion\nwas roughly 10 to 13, which was surprisingly high and pointed up the need of planning exhibits to cater to juniors as well as seniors.\nOBITUARIES\nWe regretfully record here the passing of several persons who have been associated in some way with the Provincial Museum or with its interests.\nDr. John R. Dymond, distinguished ichthyologist, scholar, and teacher, an\nauthority on the fishes of Canada and former Director of the Royal Ontario Museum\n(January 31st.)\nDr. Albert O. Hayes, structural geologist and teacher, past president of the\nVictoria Natural History Society. (February 1st.)\nRev. A. C. Mackie, an amateur naturalist who became an authority on the\nPacific rattlesnake in British Columbia. (February 3rd.)\nMr. Phillip M. Monckton, land surveyor, amateur naturalist and nature photographer, past president of the Victoria Natural History Society. (October 4th.)\nMr. Arthur E. Pickford, former land surveyor and amateur anthropologist, a\nmember of the Museum staff from 1944 to 1948, during which time he completed\nmaterial on British Columbia Indians as a basis for the \" Heritage Series \" published\nby the Department of Education. (November 24th.)\n PHOTOGRAPHIC\nBRANCH\n 4 I\nBits ,jt:\nScenes like this in the East Kootenay are included in a new motion picture taken along\nthe route of the Trans-Canada Highway in British Columbia.\n - \u00E2\u0096\u00A0'\u00E2\u0096\u00A0-\"-;\u00E2\u0096\u00A0-'\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0:\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 ;\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 ./..;.\u00E2\u0096\u00A0;-,.-,;. 5\nDEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965 Y 65\nPHOTOGRAPHIC BRANCH\nF. W. E. Round, Director\nThe year 1965 saw many changes in the operation of the Photographic Branch,\nthe most important being the appointment of Mr. F. W. E. Round as Director at the\nend of June.\nTwo additional still photographers were employed on a temporary basis from\nJune to September to meet the extensive summer shooting assignments.\nMany special assignments were completed for other Government departments\nfor promotional and record purposes. These included progress of the construction\nof the new Museum complex, ferry construction and terminals for the British Columbia Ferry Authority, and special promotional items for the British Columbia\nCentennial Committee, the Travel Bureau, and the Fish and Game Branch. Each\nmonth, services were made available to the Civil Defence Department at the Keating\nCross Road headquarters, for a full record of each graduating class.\nThe 25-year awards presentations were covered in Victoria and Vancouver.\nHospitals and schools were photographed throughout the Province, and extensive\ninterior shots were taken of these institutions. Colour slides were taken for use on\npromotional tours and at conventions. The response to these has been gratifying.\nOnce again field trips were plagued by adverse weather conditions, and excessive smoke from forest fires and slash burning became a problem during the latter\npart of the shooting season. As in the past years, assignments for \" Beautiful British\nColumbia\" magazine constituted the major part of the work of the still photographers. They travelled in excess of 30,000 miles, covering the Province from the\nUnited States border to the Northwest Territories.\nDespite adverse shooting conditions, more than 1,800 colour prints and negatives have been added to the Photographic Branch files.\nMOTION PICTURES\nThe motion picture \" Land of the Overlanders,\" filmed in Region E, was completed during the year and six prints have been placed in the Branch library. This\nfilm has been approved by the Canadian Government Travel Film Evaluation Committee and it is expected to be in circulation in the United States early in the\nnew year.\nA short educational film, titled \" Launching Your Liferaft,\" was made for the\nBritish Columbia Ferry Authority, explaining the step-by-step procedure for getting\na liferaft safely on the water.\nAnother production, \" Barkerville or Bust,\" depicts the famous goldrush town\nof Barkerville through the medium of the stage show in the Theatre Royal. Recently\ncompleted, this film will be available for screening early in the new year.\nA new production, tentatively known as \" East 1, West 1,\" covering the recreational aspects of the Trans-Canada Highway from east of the Rockies to the Pacific\nOcean, will be released in early 1966.\nThe outstanding wildlife film, \" Valley of the Swans,\" continued to fulfil our\npredictions of last year and has received to date a total of seven trophies and awards.\nMotion-picture Distribution\nNon-theatrical screenings of British Columbia Government motion pictures\nshowed a steady increase in the United States and Great Britain through the distri-\n Y 66 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nbution facilities of the Canadian Government Travel Film Libraries. Screenings\ntotalled more than 22,000, with an audience in excess of 1,150,000 persons.\nDistribution was further augmented during the year when this Branch supplied\n178 prints of our films to the Canadian Government Travel Film Library, who also\npurchased an additional 178 prints. The impact of this further 356 prints in circulation should show a marked increase in exposure of our films to audiences outside\nof Canada through this medium. In addition, 30 new prints were placed with the\ntelevision programme of the same library.\nThe inventory of the Photographic Branch Film Library was increased by the\naddition of 45 new prints of our productions. There were 3,163 showings of films\ndirected from our Branch library, with an audience of 472,068.\nTELEVISION\nTelevision screenings in the United States increased by 20 per cent over 1964\nto more than 500 showings, with one in five being telecast in colour.\nA total of 35 television showings was directed from the Branch library to all\nCanadian Provinces and the Yukon Territory.\nDARKROOM PRODUCTION\nThis phase of the Branch operations showed a marked increase in production\nover the 1964 figures, and requests from writers for our photographs increase yearly.\nA total of 16,924 prints was made, of which 6,394 were sent out to illustrate stories\nand articles on British Columbia. A further 2,443 negatives were produced and 54\nportraits were taken in the Branch studio.\nGENERAL\nTravelling by land, sea, and air, photographers and cameramen of the Branch\ncovered more than 60,000 miles throughout the Province for motion-picture footage,\nslides, and photographs. There were 81 showings of departmental films in the\nBranch theatre, and 14 special outside shows were projected at important functions\nby our staff projectionist.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965\nY 67\nPHOTOGRAPHIC BRANCH\nDIRECT FILM SCREENINGS\nC/)\n0)\na\nz\nz\n<\n2\nUJ\nw\n8\ni\ni-\no.\nu\nCO\n23\n22\n21\n20\n18\n17\n16\n15\n14\n13\n12\n11\n10\n9\n8\n<./\n6\n3\ni__^\ns*o*^>\n,\t\ncM^l\n0-\n\t\n1960\n1961\n1962\n1963\n1964\n1965\nYEAR\n Y 68\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nCO\n0\n_J\nZ\nU-\n\u00C2\u00A3\n<\no\nCD\nCO\ni\nU. D\nz\nO -J\no\no\ntn\no\n>\nI\nUJ\n01\n_.\nI\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nM\nr-\nrr\nm\nto\nUJ\ntr\nj-\nz\nO\no\nCt-\nUl\nI\nsi\nU\nI-\nCO\nQ\nUJ\nin\nvD\n\"0>\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0vr\nvO\n'CTi\nrr\n<\nLU\no\no\no\no\no\nm\no\nm\nin\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0vr\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0v.\nn\no\no\nO\nO\no\nin\nO\nin\nm\n(M\nCM\n\u00C2\u00AB-\no\nvD\no\nsonimohs do yaawnN\n COMMERCIAL\nFISHERIES\nBRANCH\n Native Indians harvesting oysters near Tofino, Vancouver Island.\nArtificial spawning channel for chinook salmon and steelhead trout, Puntledge River,\nVancouver Island.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965\nY 71\nCOMMERCIAL FISHERIES BRANCH\nR. G. McMynn, Director\nGENERAL\nThe year 1965 was an interesting and productive year for the Commercial\nFisheries Branch. The appointment of an Inspector of Fisheries, Mr. A. G. Karop,\nand a Director, Mr. R. G. McMynn, meant that the Province could once again more\nfully participate in the development and management of the diverse commercial\nfisheries of British Columbia.\nDuring the year a great deal of emphasis was placed on an evaluation of the\npollution-endangered shellfish industry and means are being developed to foster\nthese potentially important fisheries, particularly the Pacific oyster. Considerable\neffort and time was devoted to the establishment and maintenance of strong and\neffective liaison between the Canada Department of Fisheries and the several Provincial Departments that manage those natural resources which can affect the production and management of salmon and shellfish.\nThe semi-annual Federal-Provincial British Columbia Fisheries Committee\nmeetings have continued to provide an effective vehicle for joint discussion and\nresolution by senior fishery officials of the various problems related to the fishery\nindustry.\nTotal Marketed Value of Fish\n1960 $52,300,000\n1961 77,900,000\n1962 _________ 94,700,000\n1963__________ 76,000,000\n1964 92,100,000\nNumber of Licensed Fishermen\n1960 14,191\n1961 I .15,660\n1962 15,060\n1963 .__ - 15,370\nNumber of Licensed Boats\n1960 8,623\n1961.... __--- 8,856\n1962.____ -_-_:_;-- 9,143\n1963 -- 9,745\n1964\u00E2\u0080\u00941 9,343\nValue of Gear\n1960 _____ $8,535,000\n1961-. 8,946,000\n1962 .'. 9,946,000\n1963 10,096,000\n1964 10,711,000\n.., The canned-salmon pack for 1965 was 912,796 cases, 342,512 fewer than the\n1964 pack of 1,255,308 cases. This is the smallest pack since 1960, when 633,501\ncases were canned.\nRecord production by trollers on the west coast of Vancouver Island helped to\nboost the record-breaking coho fishery in 1965. Coho provided the only bright spot\nin the salmon harvest for this year, with a catch of over 3,000,000 fish. The pink\nsalmon catch, which has provided the bulk of the canned pack for several seasons,\nwas disappointing this year and the pack of 287,662 cases was down from the previous year by 176,306 cases. The chum salmon fishery could only be described as\na disaster and net fishing for chums was finished for the year on September 18th,\nwhen the Canada Department of Fisheries had to close the entire coast for this\nfishery.\nDrought conditions in Northern British Columbia, caused by a prolonged dry\nspell, dried up many rain-fed rearing streams. The depletion of young salmon due\n Y 72 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nto these conditions will adversely affect future runs in this area. During the fall, on\nthe other hand, torrential rainstorms in many coastal areas created flood conditions\nwhich scoured many streams, thus destroying much of the salmon spawn deposited\nin these streams. The 1965 conditions will undoubtedly have serious effects on\nmany 1967 and 1968 salmon runs.\nBRITISH COLUMBIA FISH-CANNING INDUSTRY\nTwenty-two salmon canneries were licensed to operate in the Province by this\nBranch. The locations were as follows: Queen Charlotte Islands, 1; Skeena River,\n7; Central Area 1; Vancouver Island, 1; Fraser River and Lower Mainland, 11.\nThis year saw one previously licensed cannery, Crest, not operating. Two canneries\nnot licensed last year, W. Babcock Co. Ltd. and Klemtu, raised the total.\nComparative Pack by Species (48-pound Cases)\n1964 1965\nSockeye.-.. 343,276 245,794\nSpring 9,033 18,886\nSteelhead 1,211 841\nBlueback 36,392 21,188\nCoho 167,883 273,219\nPink 463,968 287,662\nChum 229,855 65,206\nHALIBUT FISHERY\nThe International Pacific Halibut Commission was set up under treaty between\nCanada and the United States for the protection and rehabilitation of the halibut\nfishery. For the purpose of regulation, the Pacific Coast is divided into a number\nof areas. The 1965 regulation areas were as follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nArea 1\u00E2\u0080\u0094South of Willapa Bay.\nArea 2\u00E2\u0080\u0094Willapa Bay to Cape Spencer.\nArea 3a\u00E2\u0080\u0094Cape Spencer to Shumagin Islands.\nArea 3 b South\u00E2\u0080\u0094Shumagin Islands to Cape Wrangell, Attu Island, not\nincluding Bering Sea.\nArea 3b North-east\u00E2\u0080\u0094In Bering Sea east of 175\u00C2\u00B0 W. longitude.\nArea 3 b North Triangle\u00E2\u0080\u0094In Bering Sea.\nHalibuting opened in the Bearing Sea on March 25th and off the British Columbia coast on May 1st. Landings by British Columbia halibut fishermen were\nmore than 1 million pounds less than in 1964, but American catches increased by\nalmost \V% million pounds. Although the American catch was up it was still lower\nthan the total British Columbia catch.\nHalibut landings at Canadian ports for 1965 were 29,479,000 pounds, the\nsecond lowest since before World War II, but showed an increase of 3,870,000\npounds over 1964.\nHERRING FISHERY\nIn 1965, during November, herring fishermen were again on strike. The\nunion demanded $20.48 per ton, plus holiday-pay of 4 per cent of gross earnings on\nherring, company contributions of 3.2 per cent of herring income to a union-operated\npension fund, and an increase from 10 cents to 20 cents per ton in company contributions to the welfare fund.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965 Y 73\nThe strike was settled and herring fishermen returned to their fishing in December after agreement had been reached on a price of $17.40 per ton to the fishermen,\nplus 20 cents per ton to be paid by the companies to the welfare fund. Once again\nit is unfortunate that a strike tied up fishing during November when the herring\nquality is better than it is in December.\nLast available reports for 1965 show herring-meal production of 21,018 tons\nand herring-oil production of 3,058,309 imperial gallons.\nWHALING\nThe catch of 865 was 15 whales fewer than last year's total and included more\nsperm and fewer finbacks than in 1964. The catch was comprised of the following\nspecies, with last year's catch in parentheses: 18 humpbacks (10), 83 finbacks\n(140), 604 sei (613), 9 blue (12), and 151 sperm (105).\nFears are being expressed that uncontrolled killing of whales in the North\nPacific will deplete the whale population to such an extent that it will soon become\nuneconomical to pursue this fishery. Almost 50 per cent of the meat produced this\nyear was used in Japan for human consumption.\nPACIFIC OYSTER BREEDING\nThe summer of 1965, while in general regarded as a warm summer, was not\ntoo favourable for oyster breeding except in Pendrell Sound. This was due to the\nfact that periods of warm weather were interspersed with short periods of rain and\nsouth-east winds which rapidly destroyed the temperature build-up in most areas.\nPendrell Sound is an exception in that the hydrography and physiography provide\nbuffers that prevent sharp water temperature drops during unfavourable weather.\nIn Ladysmith Harbour, water temperatures barely reached 68\u00C2\u00B0 F. at any time.\nHowever, in the first week in July there was an excellent spawning which produced\nstraight-hinged larva; abundant enough to indicate a commercial spatfall, providing\nlarval survival was moderate. Poor weather, however, starting on July 7th, caused\nconsiderable mortality and there were few larva, left by July 9th. No further spawnings were observed. Modest but barely commercial spatting occurred right at the\nhead of the harbour.\nIn Pendrell Sound a spawning occurred on July 4th, about the same time as\nthe one at Ladysmith. The number of larvae indicated a commercial spatfall would\nbegin about July 19th. Larva; of all sizes continued to occur in the plankton until\nmid-August.\nInitial setting began on July 19th, gained impetus on July 20th, and was heavy\nfrom then on for several days, but some setting occurred continuously until near\nthe end of August. By July 21st the spatfall had reached an average of nearly 100\nspat per shell in the upper sound. The total spatfall for the summer averaged over\n1,000 spat per shell.\nAbout 70,000 shellstrings were exposed, but loss through misadventure and\nstorms reduced the production to about 60,000 strings, of which at least 50,000\nwere exported to the United States.\nAs a result of changed conditions in the Japanese oyster-seed export business\nthere is now a potential for at least a half million dollar seed industry in Pendrell\nSound, and this would be only a small proportion of the amount of seed the area is\ncapable of producing.\n Y 74 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nCUSTOM CANNERIES\nThree canneries designed to custom-can sport-caught salmon operated during\nthe summer and fall of 1965. These were located at Brentwood, Nanaimo, and\nQuadra Island. Production figures were not completed at time of writing, but the\ntotal will be in the order of some 35,000 pounds or about 700 cases of salmon.\nREVIEW OF FISHERIES PRODUCTION, 1964\nThe total marketed value of the fisheries of British Columbia for 1964\namounted to $92,100,000, $16,100,000 more than in 1963.\nSeveral factors contributed to this increase in value, notably a canned salmon\npack of 1,255,308 cases, 52,037 more than 1963. In addition, herring production\nat 252,643 tons was second only to the record year of 1963, and the average unit\nwholesale price of halibut increased 2.9 cents per pound over the 1963 price.\nAs marketed, the principal species were salmon with a value of $63,103,000,\nherring with a value of $11,561,000, and halibut with a marketed value of\n$8,056,000.\nThe landed value of the 1964 halibut catch was $6,270,000, as compared to\n$5,721,000 in 1963.\nIn 1963 the marketed value of shellfish amounted to $2,588,000. The value\nof the clam production was $190,000; oyster production, $647,000; crab production, $1,439,000; and shrimp production, $312,000.\nVESSELS AND BOATS\nThe number and value of boats used in the 1964 commercial fishery included\n1,516 boats in the 10-ton-and-over class and 7,827 in the under 10-ton group and\nvalued at $76,611,000. There were 402 more fishing-boats operating in coastal\nwaters than in 1963.\nGEAR AND EQUIPMENT\nThe 1964 inventory of fishing-gear included 9,923 salmon gill-nets, 524 salmon\nseine-nets, 122 herring purse seine-nets, 115 herring gill-nets, and 32 herring trawl-\nnets, with a total value of $7,157,000. Wire, cotton, and nylon trolling-lines were\nvalued at $502,000.\nSALMON-CANNERY OPERATIONS\nThe Commercial Fisheries Branch licensed 21 salmon canneries to operate in\n1964, three fewer than in 1963. The operating canneries in 1964 were located as\nfollows: Queen Charlotte Islands, 1; Skeena River, 7; Central Area, 1; Vancouver\nIsland, 1; Fraser River and Lower Mainland, 11.\nThe total canned-salmon pack for British Columbia, according to the annual\nreturns submitted to this Branch by canners licensed to operate in 1964, amounted\nto 1,255,318 cases, 52,047 more than the 1963 pack but still below the 1955-63\naverage of 1,330,211 cases. With a value of $43,676,000, the 1964 pack was\nworth $9,213,000 more than the previous year's figure.\nSockeye Salmon\nThe 1964 sockeye pack was 343,358 cases. The wholesale value of sockeye\nproduction increased to $18,100,000, compared to $8,500,000 in 1963. Most of\nthis increase resulted from increased prices of the canned pack.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965 Y 75\nPink Salmon\nThe pink pack of 464,107 cases was valued at $12,141,618. Two million\npounds of pink were taken in the Bella Coola area, where a scarcity had been predicted after two years of extreme abundance.\nCOHO AND BLUEBACK SALMON\nThe 1964 coho and blueback pack was greater than in 1963 and totalled\n204,732 cases. The total value of coho sales reached record proportions and totalled\n$16,400,000 or $4,200,000 more than in 1963. The value of the canned product\nrepresented 50 per cent of this total.\nChum Salmon\nThe chum pack of 232,722 cases was nearly double that reported for 1963.\nCanneries packed all the chum salmon they could get through the summer because\nfall runs of this species were expected to be small; however, fall runs were excellent\nand the chum pack was the best in six years.\nChinook\nThe troll fleet this year accounted for two-thirds of the catch of chinook, worth\n$5,500,000 and making it the most valuable chinook catch on record. Chinook\naccounted for 10.4 per cent of total salmon landings and the canned pack of 9,127\ncases was worth $224,146.\nSteelhead\nThe 1964 steelhead-trout pack amounted to 1,262 cases, 490 more than the\n1963 pack of 772 cases. Although steelhead are not salmon, some are canned\neach year, principally those caught incidental to fishing other species.\nOTHER CANNERIES\nShellfish Canneries.\u00E2\u0080\u0094In 1964, 10 of the 14 shellfish canneries licensed to\noperate in British Columbia produced the following pack: Clams, 13,766 cases;\ncrabs, 18,447 cases; abalone, 685 cases; shrimps, 2,036 pounds (vacuum-packed\nand frozen).\nTuna-fish Canneries.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Three tuna-fish eaneries were licensed to operate in\n1964 and produced 248,196 cases of canned tuna.\nSpecialty Products.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Fifteen plants produced the following: Fish stix (cod),\n334,806 pounds; fish cakes (ling-cod), 105,000 pounds; fish and chips (cod and\nhalibut), 1,645,384 pounds; oyster cocktail in 6-ounce jars, 50 gallons; oysters\nsmoked and packed in jars, 4,727 cases of 24 4-ounce jars; oysters smoked and\ncanned, 200 cases; oyster stew, 7,978 cases of 24/10-ounce cans; barbecued\nsmelts, 2,600 pounds; pickled herring, 7,667 cases, 1,200 25-pound barrels, and\n950 50-pound barrels; smoked canned salmon, 5V^ 48-pound cases; creamed\nsalmon with peas, 10,560 cases of 12/15-ounce cans; fish spreads, 46,228 cases\nof 24/2^-ounce cans.\nFISH-CURING\nFourteen smoke-houses processed the following: Herring (kippers, 86,551\npounds; bloaters, 6,270 pounds); cod, 703,195 pounds; salmon, 511,167 pounds;\neels, 3,000 pounds; mackerel, 3,000 pounds; sturgeon, 100 pounds.\n Y 76 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nDry-salted Herring\nIn 1964, 210 green tons of herring worth $6,319 were salted and 168 salted\ntons worth $19,320 were packed in boxes.\nMild-cured Salmon\nAll four plants licensed to mild-cure salmon in 1964 operated and produced\n610 tierces, with a total weight of 5,020 hundredweight. In 1963, four plants\noperated and produced 428 tierces, with a total weight of 3,530 hundredweight.\nFISH ROE\nFour firms reported the following production for 1964: 9,000 cases of 24/3-\nounce tins, 1,350 cases of 24/7-ounce tins, 225 cases of 6/1-gallon tins, 3,129 cases\nweighing 80,701 pounds, 24,869 pounds used for salmon-egg caviar, and 435,000\npounds processed for sport-fishing bait.\nHALIBUT\nThere was a drop in the 1964 landings of 3,500,000 pounds from the record\nyear of 1963. The Canadian fleet once more dominated this fishery by taking 56\nper cent of the total catch. Landings amounted to 33,600,000 pounds, but prices\nwere better, averaging 24.55 cents, compared to 22.06 cents in the previous year.\nThe marketed value of halibut landed in British Columbia ports was $8,056,000,\nwhich was slightly higher than in 1963.\nFISH OIL AND MEAL\nIn 1964, a four-week strike in the herring fishery in October and November\nwas the only work-stoppage in the fishing industry. Landings for the year amounted\nto 252,643 tons, worth $6,167,000.\nThere were 10 herring-reduction plants licensed to operate in 1964 and these\nplants produced a total of 47,936 tons of meal and 5,295,443 gallons of oil. Total\nvalue of all herring products was $11,561,000.\nFish-liver Reduction (Cod, Dogfish, Halibut).\u00E2\u0080\u0094Three plants were licensed\nin 1964; two of them operated, processing 312,736 pounds of fish livers and producing 1,278,802 million U.S.P. units of Vitamin A. In 1963 two plants processed\n156,367 pounds of fish livers and produced 938,135 million U.S.P. units of\nVitamin A.\nFish-offal Reduction.\u00E2\u0080\u0094During the 1964 season, eight plants were licensed to\noperate and produced 1,292 tons of meal and 279,452 gallons of oil. In 1963,\nnine plants produced 1,464 tons of meal and 403,309 gallons of oil.\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965 Y 77\nSTATISTICAL TABLES\nTable I.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Licences Issued and Revenue Collected, 1961 to 1965, Inclusive\n1961\n1962\n1963\n1964\n1965\nLicence\nNumber\nRevenue\nNumber\nRevenue\nNumber\nRevenue\nNumber\nRevenue\nNumber\nRevenue\nSalmon cannery\t\n23\n2\n6\n5\n18\n19\n9\n3\n8\n3\n434\n$4,600\n200\n600\n500\n1,800\n19\n9\n3\n8\n3\n21\n9\n6\n20\n21\n8\n2\n9\n3\n1\n448\n$4,200\n900\n600\n2,000\n21\n8\n2\n9\n3\n100\n24\n13\n5\n19\n38\n13\n4\n9\n3\n1\n2\n447\n$4,800\n21\n9\n*\n20\n45\n14\n3\n8\n3\n1\n1\n403\n1\n3\n$4,200\n100\n900\n400\n2,000\n45\n14\n3\n8\n3\n100\n100\n10,075\n100\n60\n22\n12\n5\n21\n54\n9\n3\n9\n3\n1\n404\n5\n$4,400\n1,300\n500\n1,900\n38\n13\n4\n9\n3\n100\n2O0\n11,175\n1,200\n500\nFish cold storage \t\n2,100\n54\nShellfish cannery. \t\n9\n3\n9\n3\n100\n10,850\n11,200\n10,100\nPickled-herring plant\t\n72\nTotals. _\t\n530\n$18,592\n548\n' $19,043\n578\n$20,042\n537\n$18,108\n551\n$18,625\nTable II.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Species and Value of Fish Caught in British Columbia,\n1960 to 1964, Inclusive\n1960\n1961\n1962\n1963\n1964\nSalmon . ...\n$35,963,000\n3,450,000\n6,534,000\n1,729,000\n593,000\n647,000\n406,000\n795,000\n253,000\n535,000\n126,000\n1,228,000\n$57,314,000\n8,207,000\n7,099,000\n1,511,000\n551,000\n487,000\n480,000\n552,000\n147,000\n324,000\n122,000\n1,092,000\n$69,763,000\n8,492,000\n9,312,000\n1,415,000\n544,000\n405,000\n608,000\n584,000\n173,000\n448,000\n58,000\n2,876,000\n$48,960,000\n11,695,000\n7,993,000\n1,573,000\n492,000\n705,000\n781,000\n643,000\n162,000\n340,000\n57,000\n2,599,000\n$63,103,000\n11,561,000\nHalibut\t\n8,056,000\n1,751,000\n549,000\n1,160,000\n647,000\nSole . _\t\n652,000\nBlack cod ...\n273,000\n190,000\n55,000\nMiscellaneous.. '\t\n4,110,000\nTotals\t\n$52,259,000\n$77,886,000\n$94,673,000\n$76,000,000\n$92,117,000\nTable III.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Statement Showing the Quantity of Herring Products\nProduced in British Columbia, 1959 to 1965, Inclusive\nSeason\nCanned\nDry-salted\nMeal\nOil\n1959/60 \t\nCases\nTons\n2061)5\n562.3\n210.64\nTons\n32,559\n31,203\n40,746\n41,299\n53,271\n46,071\nGal.\n4,249,801\n1960/61\n9,074\n19,102\n892\n2,966,547\n4,751,082\n40,243,000 lb.\n1961/6.\n1 .67/6.\n1963/64\n50,037,000 lb.\n44,902,000 lb.\n1964/651\n1 To November, 1965.\n Y 78\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nTable IV.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Statement Showing the Quantity of Meal, Oil, and Vitamin A\nProduced from Sources Other than Herring, 1958 to 1965, Inclusive\nSeason\nFrom Whales\nMeal\nOil\nOil from\nFish Livers\nFrom Other Sources\nMeal and\nFertilizer\nOil\n1958/59-\n1959/60..\n1960/61..\n1961/62-\n1962/63-\n1963/64-\n1964/65..\nGal.\n908,482\n940,455\n639,060\n707,596\n663,200\nUnits*\n1,821,994\n3,474,267\n2,258,748\n3,228,748\n575,337\n938,135\n1,272,815\nTons\n2,318\n1,140\n2,099\n1,157\n1,704\n1,464\n1,292\nGal.\n272,223\n110,977\n62,983\n127,580\n167,349\n403,309\n279,452\n1 Million U.S.P. units of Vitamin A.\nThe above figures are for the season October to March 31st annually.\nTable V.\u00E2\u0080\u0094British Columbia Salmon Pack, 1960 to 1964, Inclusive,\nShowing Areas Where Canned\n(48-pound cases.)\nThese tables supplied by courtesy of the Canadian Department of Fisheries in Vancouver.\n1960\nArea\nSpecies\nDistrict Nos.\nland 3\nDistrict\nNo. 2\nTotal\n172,505\n1,113*4\n1,436\n1,151.4\n339%\n23,345\n41,194%\n52,689%\n47,081\n54,339\n458%\n1,056\n700\n164%\n226,844\n1,572\n2,492\n1,851% r\n504\n23,345\n26,965\n166,874%\n39,737%\n68,159%\nPink\n219,564\n86,818%\n340,855%\n290,295\n631,150%\n DEPARTMENT OF RECREATION AND CONSERVATION, 1965\nY 79\nTable V.\u00E2\u0080\u0094British Columbia Salmon Pack, 1960 to 1964, Inclusive,\nShowing Areas Where Canned\u00E2\u0080\u0094Continued\n1961\nArea\nSpecies\nDistricts Nos.\n1 and 3\nDistrict\nNo. 2\nTotal\n239,667\n1,735\n2,678\n1,471\n587%\n12,527%\n153,994\n286,544%\n28,994\n158,538\n412\n1,022%\n602%\n391\n398,205\n2,147\n3,700%\n2,073%\n978%\n12,527%\nrnfin\n74,857%\n374,745%\n66,391\n228,851%\nPink .. .\n661,290\n95,385\nTotals \t\n728,198%\n676,960\n1,405,158%\n1962\nSockeye..\nRed spring-\nPink spring\t\nWhite sprlng-\nSteelhead\t\nBlueback\t\nCoho\nPink\nChum..\nTotals.\n198,001\n1,217%\n1,145%\n1,698%\n520%\n12,097\n120,038\n508,878%\n70,304\n913,900%\n99,715%\n904\n1,190\n1,019\n294%\n55,600\n679,783\n64,179\n902,685\n297,716%\n2,121%\n2,335%\n2,717%\n815\n12,097\n175,638\n1,188,661%\n134,483\n1,816,585%\n1963\nSockeye\t\nRed spring-\nPink spring\t\nWhite spring..\nSteelhead\t\nBlueback\t\nCoho _\nPink\t\nChum-\nTotals .\n125,480%\n1,866\n1,362\n2,811\n330\n11,329\n89,252\n542,700%\n62,905%\n838,036\n32,894%\n912\n1,078\n1,971\n441%\n54%\n56,847\n214,752\n56,284%\n365,235\n158,375\n2,778\n2,440\n4,782\n771%\n11,383%\n146,099\n757,452%\n119,190\n1,203,271%\n1964\nSockeye\t\nRed spring \t\nPink spring. _\nWhite spring\t\nSteelhead\t\nBlueback\t\nCoho \t\nPink \t\nChum \t\nTotals..\n200,203\n1,823\n953%\n1,906\n438\n36,259\n90,665\n140,475%\n76,990\n549,713\n143,155%\n777\n2,076%\n1,591%\n824\n77,808%\n323,631\n155,731%\n343,358%\n2,600\n3,030\n3,497%\n1,262\n36,259\n168,473%\n464,106%\n232,721%\n705,595% | 1,255,308%\n Printed by A. Sutton, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty\nin right of the Province of British Columbia.\n1966\n1,460-266-1729\n"@en . "Legislative proceedings"@en . "J110.L5 S7"@en . "1966_V02_17_Y1_Y79"@en . "10.14288/1.0364116"@en . "English"@en . "Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library"@en . "Victoria, BC : Government Printer"@en . "Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia"@en . "Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia"@en . "REPORT OF THE Department of Recreation and Conservation containing the reports of the GENERAL ADMINISTRATION, FISH AND GAME BRANCH, PROVINCIAL PARKS BRANCH, BRITISH COLUMBIA GOVERNMENT TRAVEL BUREAU, PROVINCIAL MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY AND ANTHROPOLOGY, PHOTOGRAPHIC BRANCH, AND COMMERCIAL FISHERIES BRANCH Year Ended December 31 1965"@en . "Text"@en . ""@en .