"26ca930a-edbb-4554-9b93-b84097f07515"@en . "CONTENTdm"@en . "DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942."@en . "http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1198198"@en . "Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia"@en . "British Columbia. Legislative Assembly"@en . "2016"@en . "[1943]"@en . "https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/bcsessional/items/1.0314368/source.json"@en . "application/pdf"@en . " PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA\nTHIRTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT\nOF THE\nDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE\nFOR THE YEAR 1942\nPRINTED BY\nAUTHOBITY OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY.\nVICTORIA, B.C. :\nPrinted by Charles F. Banfield, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty.\n1942. To His Honour W. C. Woodward,\nLieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia.\nMay it please Your Honour:\nI have the honour to submit for your consideration herewith the Annual Report\nof the Department of Agriculture for the year 1942.\nK. C. MacDONALD,\nMinister of Agriculture.\nDepartment of Agriculture,\nVictoria, B.C., December 7th, 194-2. CONTENTS.\nPage.\nReport of Deputy Minister of Agriculture 7\nReport of Statistician 16\nReport of Markets Branch 20\nReport of Horticultural Branch 26\nReport of Field Crops Commissioner 47\nReport of Provincial Plant Pathologist 53\nReport of Provincial Apiarist 59\nReport of Provincial Entomologist \u00E2\u0096\u00A0. 62\nReport of Chief Veterinary Inspector 62\nReport of Live Stock Branch.__ 66\nReport of Recorder of Brands 74\nReport of Dairy Branch 77\nReport of Poultry Branch . 81\nReport of Women's Institutes 84\nReport of Soil Survey Branch 87\nReport of Boys' and Girls' Clubs 88\nReports of District Agriculturists\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nPeace River District 91\nBulkley Valley 94\nNechako-Prince George 99\nCariboo-Lillooet 105\nKamloops-Nicola 108\nSalmon Arm-Kootenay 118\nGrand Forks 121\nFraser Valley 125\nAppendices\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nNo. 1. Dominion Fertilizer Subventions\u00E2\u0080\u0094Spring-sown Crops 129\nNo. 2. Dominion Fertilizer Subventions\u00E2\u0080\u0094Fall-sown Crops 131\nNo. 3. Summary of Movement of Grain Screenings 132\nNo. 4. Threshermen's Returns, 1941 133\nNo. 5. Estimate of Honey-crop, 1942 134\nNo. 6. Summary of Premises visited and Cattle T.B.-tested, 1942 134\nNo. 7. Summary of Premises inspected and graded under \" Milk Act,\" 1942. 134\nNo. 8. Fence-viewers 135\nNo. 9. Pound Districts 140\nNo. 10. Boys' and Girls' Clubs, 1942 141 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OFFICERS\nHonourable K. C. MacDonald, Minister.\nJ. B. Munro, M.S.A., Deputy Minister.\nADMINISTRATION AND GENERAL.\nErnest MacGinnis, Markets Commissioner, Victoria, B.C.\nW. H. Thornborrow, Accountant, Victoria, B.C.\nGeorge H. Stewart, Statistician, Victoria, B.C.\nC. P. L. Pearson, Assistant Accountant, Victoria, B.C.\nL. W. Johnson, Clerk, Victoria, B.C. (On military leave.)\nC. F. Cornwall, Clerk, Victoria, B.C.\nA. J. Hourston, General Assistant, Victoria, B.C.\nA. H. Shotbolt, Exhibition Specialist, Victoria, B.C.\nC. C. Kelley, B.S.A., Soil Survey, Kelowna, B.C.\nJames S. Wells, Clerk, Victoria, B.C. (On military leave.)\nDaryl Anderson, Clerk, Victoria, B.C.\nPLANT INDUSTRY DIVISION.\nW. H. Robertson, B.S.A., Provincial Horticulturist, Victoria, B.C.\nE. W. White, B.S.A., District Horticulturist, Victoria, B.C.\nE. C. Hunt, B.S.A., District Horticulturist, Nelson, B.C.\nM. S. Middleton, B.S.A., District Horticulturist, Vernon, B.C.\nG. E. W. Clarke, B.S.A., District Horticulturist, Abbotsford, B.C.\nBen Hoy, B.S.A., District Field Inspector, Kelowna, B.C.\nR. P. Murray, B.S.A., District Field Inspector, Penticton, B.C.\nC. B. TwiGG, B.S.A., District Field Inspector, Creston, B.C.\nH. H. Evans, District Field Inspector, Vernon, B.C.\nC. R. Barlow, District Field Inspector, Salmon Arm, B.C.\nJohn Tait, District Field Inspector, Summerland, B.C.\nJohn A. Smith, B.S.A., Field Inspector, Penticton, B.C. (On military leave.)\nG. L. Foulkes, Secretary, Horticultural Branch, Victoria, B.C.\nV. Tonks, Secretary, Horticultural Branch, Vernon, B.C.\nJ. W. Eastham, B.Sc, Plant Pathologist, Vancouver, B.C.\nW. R. Foster, M.S.A., Assistant Plant Pathologist, Victoria, B.C.\nMax Ruhmann, B.A., Provincial Entomologist, Vernon, B.C.\nA. W. Finlay, Provincial Apiarist, New Westminster, B.C.\nCecil Tice, B.S.A., Field Crops Commissioner, Victoria, B.C.\nS. S. Phillips, B.S.A., Assistant Field Crops Commissioner, Victoria, B.C.\nWalter Sandall, Field Inspector, Vancouver, B.C.\nLIVE STOCK DIVISION.\nW. R. GUNN, B.S.A., B.V.Sc, V.Sc, Live Stock Commissioner, Victoria, B.C.\nHenry Rive, B.S.A., Dairy Commissioner, Victoria, B.C.\nF. C. Wasson, M.S.A., Dairy Instructor, Kelowna, B.C.\nF. Overland, Dairy Instructor, Vancouver, B.C.\nG. H. Thornbery, Assistant (Milk Records), Victoria, B.C.\nDr. A. Knight, Chief Veterinary Inspector, Victoria, B.C.\nDr. M. Sparrow, Provincial Veterinary Inspector, Vancouver, B.C.\nDr. J. D. MacDonald, Provincial Veterinary Inspector, Victoria, B.C.\nJ. R. Terry, Poultry Commissioner, Victoria, B.C.\nGeorge Pilmer, Brand Recorder, Victoria, B.C.\nR. Cahilty, Brand Inspector, Kamloops, B.C.\nG. A. Luyat, B.S.A., District Agriculturist, Kamloops, B.C.\nG. L. Landon, B.S.A., District Agriculturist, New Westminster, B.C.\nJames Travis, District Agriculturist, Grand Forks, B.C.\nDr. E. C. Chamberlayne, District Agriculturist, Williams Lake, B.C.\nShirley G. Preston, M.S.A., District Agriculturist, Smithers, B.C.\nWm. MacGillivray, District Agriculturist, Salmon Arm, B.C.\nT. S. Crack, District Agriculturist, Pouce Coupe, B.C. REPORT of the DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.\nREPORT BY THE DEPUTY MINISTER.\nJ. B. MUNRO, M.S.A.\nThe Honourable K. C. MacDonald,\nMinister of Agriculture, Victoria, B.C.\nSir,\u00E2\u0080\u0094I have the honour to submit herewith the report of the Department of\nAgriculture for the year ended December 31st, 1942.\nDuring six months of the year it was necessary for me to be absent on sick-leave,\nbut W. H. Robertson was named Acting Deputy Minister and discharged the duties of\nthe office satisfactorily. Since September 1st he has continued to give supervisory\nassistance over the Department. In December he has represented the Department at\nthe Federal-Provincial conference convened at Ottawa.\nNEW LEGISLATION.\nThe first session of the Twentieth Legislature passed an amendment to the \"Animals Act\" providing that where the Lieutenant-Governor in Council has, by a Proclamation, defined any area as a district where bulls over 1 year old may be allowed to run\nat large, he may also appoint a committee of three persons representing the cattle\nindustry and the Department of Agriculture to have power to prescribe by order the\ntimes during which and the conditions subject to which bulls may be so allowed at\nlarge. This committee also has authority to prescribe the type, quality, and breed of\nrange bulls and has also other related powers.\nFurther, the amendment provides that the Lieutenant-Governor in Council may\nmake regulations conferring upon any committee such incidental powers as may be\ndeemed necessary and prescribing the manner in which the powers of the committee\nshall be exercised and the procedure to be followed on any appeal which is made from\nany order of the committee.\nCONTAGIOUS DISEASES.\nThe vaccination of calves against Brucellosis has been continued in accordance\nwith the plan laid down last year. In all, 3,200 female calves have been vaccinated and\nreported on by practising veterinarians.\nThe Provincial Department of Agriculture has obtained a permit to import up to\n10,000 doses of fowl pox vaccine and infectious laryngotracheitis vaccine for trial\ndemonstration use to be handled under the supervision of Dr. S. N. Wood, of the\nUniversity of British Columbia. This work is being undertaken and the Animal\nDiseases laboratory of the University is selecting a few Fraser Valley flocks in which\nthe diseases can be diagnosed for treatment.\nOn October 15th, W. A. Brown, Chief of the Poultry Marketing and Production\nServices, informed this Department that the Federal Government was prepared to\naccede to the requests of the poultrymen and hateherymen in British Columbia that,\nfor the duration of the war at least, blood-testing of pullets not used for breeding in\nflocks of approved flock-owners may not be blood-tested, providing that the untested\npullets are kept properly segregated from the tested breeding stock.\nThis information was passed on to the approved flock-owners, but coming late in\nthe season it did not greatly alter the number of birds tested for bacillus pullorum.\nFALL FAIRS.\nThe two Class \"A\" fairs as well as many of the small rural exhibitions were cancelled due to war conditions. This year only two Class \" B \" fairs, at Armstrong and\nChilliwack, were held. In addition, there were rural fairs held at Nanaimo, Cobble\nHill, Duncan, Lasqueti Island, Courtenay, Ladysmith, Saanichton, Langley Flower- X 8\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nshows, North Vancouver, Vancouver (Horticultural), Langley, Port Moody, Mission,\nSouth Burnaby, Agassiz, Cloverdale, Haney, Abbotsford, Peachland, Celista, Inver-\nmere, Golden, Reid Lake, North Bridge Lake, McBride, Fort Fraser, Woodpecker,\nWilliams Lake, and Quick and Kiskatinaw, in the Peace River District.\nThese fairs afforded an excellent opportunity for junior farmers and farmerettes\nto exhibit their live-stock products and field crops.\nFEED-GRAIN TRANSPORTATION.\nIt is now ten years since the reduced rate on feed-grains from the Prairie Provinces first came into effect. During those ten years advantage has been taken of the\nfavourable freight rates by our live stock and poultry feeders. From 1933 up to\nNovember 30th, 1942, there has been a total of approximately 517,000 tons of feed-\ngrain, mill-feeds, screenings, etc., carried under this policy. A complete summary\nappears below.\nFederal assistance in paying feed-grain transportation is still available under the\npolicy in effect last year and Ottawa has made an announcement regarding future grain\npurchases as follows, dated March 20th, 1942: \" The Minister of Agriculture is hereby\nauthorized to pay the car-lot short rail freight charges from Calgary, Edmonton, or\nother points in the Province of Alberta from which the direct car-lot rail freight rates to\ndestinations in British Columbia do not exceed the car-lot rail freight rates by the direct\nshort-line route from Edmonton or Calgary, whichever is lower, to such destinations\nand to pay the coastal waters freight charges based on car-lot ratings from any coastal\nport in the Province of British Columbia to any coastal point therein.\"\nFurther, under date of September 11th, 1942, His Excellency the Governor-General\nin Council ordered as follows: \" Payments at the rate of 8 cents per bushel are hereby\nauthorized in respect of western wheat purchased on or after August 1st, 1942, from\na dealer licensed by the Canadian Wheat Board or directly from the Canadian Wheat\nBoard for use exclusively as feed for live stock and poultry.\"\nTotal Feed-grains imported into British Columbia under C.F.A. Tariff 145,\nYears 1933-42.\nYear.\nWheat.\nOats.\nBarley.\nMixed.\nScreenings.\nCorn.\nMill-feed.\nRye.\n1933 \t\nTons.\n19,752\n26,336\n31,612\n28,843\n21,143\n24,801\n41,715\n39,011\n45,883\n61,523\nTons.\n1,904\n2,538\n7,070\n4,552\n3,940\n5,565\n6,653\n3,683\n14,278\n13,580\nTons.\n3,288\n4,383\n6,104\n5,592\n3,600\n5,248\n4,504\n11,679\n15,305\n11,033\nTons.\nTons.\n60\n80\nTons.\nTons.\nTons.\n1934 \t\n1935 ...\t\n575\n288\n124\n626\n302\n906\n2,393\n2,276\n1936 \t\n63\n30\n209\n278\n490\n359\n1,275\n82\n1937 -\n1938 \t\n1,930\n4,585\n5,579\n8,985\n5,906\n1939 -\t\n1940 _\t\n1941 \t\n384\n5,334\n1942 - \t\n4\nTotals...\t\n340,619\n63,763\n70,736\n6,790\n2,844\n5,718\n26,985\n86\nNAILS AND WIRE.\nBy order of the Federal Metals Controller, wire and nails were frozen in August,\n1942, and farmers throughout the Province were unable to secure their nail supplies\nfor new farm buildings, repairs, and construction of fences. The same order prevented\nthe purchase of barbed fence-wire, bailing-wire, etc. On receipt of representations\nmade by many farmers, the matter was taken up with Ottawa and we were advised to\nget in touch with D. W. Atkins, Regional Director for Steel Control, Marine Building,\nVancouver, who is in charge of West Coast operations for the Steel Controller. In\nreply to our inquiry, Mr. Atkins advised us on November 4th, 1942, that \" every effort\nis being made to alleviate the existing situation by increasing the production of the\nfacilities available and to this end adequate steel supplies in the form of nail rods are DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 9\nnow available. Man-power is at present the only hurdle left and co-operation is being\nreceived to satisfy producers' need of labour.\n\" It is believed that within the next few weeks a definite change will be effected\nwhereby nails again will be available for general civilian distribution. Prior to that\ntime it is essential that strict control be exercised over the disbursement of the product\nsince the greater curtailment effected at the present moment will bring about general\ndistribution more quickly.\n\" It must be understood that the quantity of nails required for defence projects at\nthis time has depleted all stocks and, in addition, is demanding every nail that can be\nproduced in existing facilities both in the United States and Canada.\"\nIn view of Mr. Atkins's reply all requests for nails and wire have been referred to\nthe Vancouver office of the Steel Controller.\nWARTIME PRICES AND TRADE BOARD.\nThe Wartime Prices and Trade Board was originally constituted by an Order in\nCouncil of September 3rd, 1939, P.C. 2516, now operating under the authority of P.C.\n8258 of November 1st, 1941. It is charged with the administration of the price ceiling\nand other matters set forth in subsequent Orders in Council. The Board operates\nlargely through its several Administrators and in order that the rulings of the Board\nmay be followed by our farmers we keep in close touch with the Administrators\nresponsible for each branch of industry.\nUnder the Emergency Laws, Orders, and Regulations there are set up an Agricultural Supplies Board, a Bacon Board, and a Dairy Products Board. There are also\nAdministrators of Feeds, Fertilizers and Pesticides, Flax Fibre, Hides and Leather,\nFoods, Oils and Fats, Wool, and a Metals Controller.\nIt is recognized that there are, of necessity, conflicts of authority encountered\nfrom time to time, but by correspondence and personal interviews any difficulties that\nhave been encountered have been satisfactorily straightened out. Our Agricultural\nProduction Committee keeps its mailing-list informed of new orders from time to time\nand endeavours to secure suitable interpretations from the Administrators.\nLOAN TO FLAX INDUSTRY.\nThe Provincial Government has decided to advance $85,000 in interest-free loan\nto British Columbia Co-operatives for the purpose of encouraging the development of\nthe fibre-flax industry by the erection of a scutching plant.\nThe loans are being offered through the Fraser Valley Fibre Flax Co-operative\nAssociation, which has given assurances to the Government that a minimum of 1,000\nacres of flax will be harvested in 1943. The loans will facilitate the establishment of\nan important spinning-mill and a number of flax co-operatives which should ultimately\nmake fibre-flax production one of our major agricultural industries.\nThe money advanced will be repaid over an eight-year period by annual assessments on the crop. This will permit of establishing a permanent spinning industry\naimed at supplying British Columbia's needs during the war and expanding production\nafter the cessation of hostilities when help will be more abundant.\nIMPORTED EGGS.\nIn accordance with the \" Eggs Marks Act,\" chapter 82, R.S.B.C. 1936, and amendments thereto, imported eggs and egg products entering British Columbia by the Pacific\nCoast ports are examined upon arrival. If found to comply with the regulations as\nset out in the above Act, these are released to the importer or, otherwise, held until\nthe requirements have been fulfilled.\nImported eggs and egg products entering the port of Victoria are examined and\nrecorded by John Noble, Federal District Inspector, stationed at that port, and reported\nat the end of each calendar month to the Provincial Egg Inspector, Court-house, Vancouver. The co-operation of Mr. Noble is much appreciated. X 10 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nThe imports during the past ten months ended October 31st are as follows: 22\nstandard cases of hatching-eggs from the United States were reported to have arrived\ninto the port of Victoria, and 15% dozen hatchings arrived into the port of Vancouver\nfrom the same source.\nAGRICULTURAL PUBLICATIONS.\nWithin the last eleven months the Publications Branch of the Department of\nAgriculture has forwarded to British Columbia residents some 32,000 bulletins and\ncirculars on agricultural subjects, according to C. F. Cornwall, Senior Clerk.\nIt is interesting to note at this time that, due to hampered war-time production\nthrough scarcity of labour and transportation facilities, the public is becoming conscious of threatening shortages in certain commodities and, as a result, is showing an\never-increasing interest in alleviating that possibility through its own efforts in becoming, to some extent, self-sufficient. This is well pointed out in the fact that three\npublications very much in demand this past year show marked increase in popularity\nover previous years. The three publications, in order of their demand, are: \" Bee\nCulture,\" which, incidentally, leads all agricultural publications in demand; \" Preservation of Food,\" an old favourite, but showing an increased demand; and \" Gardening\non a City Lot.\" Requests received for the last-mentioned were indicative of the\ninterest shown by small property owners of their desire to help, in some measure,\nthemselves and their country.\nMention should also be made of the interest shown in horticultural crops, particularly small fruits.\nThis year saw 55,000 mimeographed stencils go out from the Department, the\nLive Stock Branch leading the way with 14,535 stencils going out to those engaged in\nthat branch of agriculture. The Horticultural Branch sent out over 8,000 stencils and\nthe Agricultural Production Committee nearly 7,000.\nThe following is a list of new publications printed to date:'\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nThirty-sixth Annual Report of the Department of Agriculture.\nAgricultural Statistics Report, 1941.\nClimate of British Columbia, 1941.\nReport of His Honour Judge A. M. Harper.\nField Crops Circular, \" Sow Good Seed for Clean Crops.\"\nField Crops Circular No. 17, \" Diseases and Pests of Cereals, Fibre, Forage,\nand Root Crops.\"\nSeed Production Series No. 1, \" Cabbage Seed.\"\nSeed Production Series No. 2, \" Spinach Seed.\"\nSeed Production Series No. 8, \" Turnip Seed Production.\"\nSeed Production Series No. 9, \" Threshing and Cleaning Vegetable Seed\nCrops.\"\nHorticultural Circular No. 74, \" Lettuce Production in British Columbia.\"\nHorticultural Circular No. 75, \"Asparagus Production in British Columbia.\"\nHorticultural Circular, \" Club Root of Cabbages and Other Crucifers.\"\nHorticultural Circular, \"Apple Saw Fly.\"\nBulletin No. A108, \" The Cascara Tree in British Columbia.\"\nIn addition to the above, many of our previous publications have been reprinted\nand, where necessary, revised.\nA list of these publications may be had upon request to this Branch.\nAGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION COMMITTEE.\nThe year 1942 has seen definite progress in the work being undertaken by this\ncommittee. The trend toward the production of crops which are needed in the war\neffort, for which this Province is well adapted and bringing better returns to the\nproducer, is becoming more pronounced each year.\nFibre Flax.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Fibre-flax growers in the Fraser Valley have formed a strong\nco-operative and this year concentrated their production efforts in a smaller area\ncentring at Cloverdale and Ladner. Approximately 175 acres were sown and the crop\nwas very satisfactory as to quality and yield. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 11\nIn order to secure pulling machines the Honourable the Minister secured for the\nco-operative the loan of $3,000 and assisted in the purchase of a deseeder. It is the\npresent intention of the co-operative to deseed and store the 1942 crop for scutching\nin 1943, at which time tentative plans have been made for the erection of an up-to-date\nscutching plant. Assurances have been given by a local cordage company that this\nfirm will install spinning and other essential machinery as soon as a sufficient supply\nof scutched flax is available.\nAs the installation of spinning machinery for fibre flax could with little adjustment\nbe available for work on hemp, which would not compete in any way with fibre flax,\ninquiries are being made with regard to the possibility of permits being secured for\nthe production of this crop and for a supply of seed from the United States.\nSoy-beans.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Recent experiments by a leading Vancouver tea and coffee importer\nand roaster have shown that soy-beans may be used satisfactorily to replace food\nproducts now not easily obtainable. Peanut butter and a breakfast food of high\nnutrient content are two of these items.\nConsiderable acreages of soy-beans, 1943 crop, are being contracted for in various\nparts of the Province.\nSeeds.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Notwithstanding unfavourable weather for several days at the end of\nJuly the seed production this year will be very gratifying, both in quantity and variety.\nPlans are under way for an increase again next year. Departmental fieldmen reporting on cauliflower-raising state that this is attracting interest, especially as information from those countries formerly producing cauliflower-seed is now unavailable and\nthe interchange of ideas and experiences thereby takes on added importance.\nSheep.\u00E2\u0080\u0094In August the committee sent a circular to all Farmers' Institutes,\nWomen's Institutes, Agricultural Associations, and the country Press from which the\nfollowing is an extract:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" In view of the greatly increased requirements for wool in Canada, particularly\nfor military purposes, all Provincial Departments of Agriculture have agreed to\nco-operate with Agricultural Supplies Board in a programme of immediate expansion\nin sheep production in the Dominion, with the objective of increasing the sheep population by 1,000,000 head by 1943. In this programme of expansion additions of breeding animals will be required to be made to present flocks, and as many new flocks as\npossible should be established in districts suitable for sheep-raising.\n\" In order to encourage and assist farmers in Canada to make provision for\nincreasing the production of sheep and wool, the Minister of Agriculture, through the\nAgricultural Supplies Board, has authorized the payment of freight on shipments of\nbreeding females and the loaning of rams for newly established flocks of breeding\newes.\"\nSwine.\u00E2\u0080\u0094It is interesting to note that as compared with 1938 there has been a\nbuilding-up of herds on farms and increase in population of hens, chickens, cattle, and\nhogs, the latter being up 85 per cent. Values on farms show increases of cattle, 50\nper cent.; sheep, 44 per cent.; and hogs, 122 per cent.\nMedicinal Roots and Plants.\u00E2\u0080\u0094During the year Professor Davidson completed the\nrevision of his brochure on the Cascara Tree which was printed by the Department\nas Bulletin 108a. This included the regulations set up by the Forestry Branch for\nthe harvesting of cascara-bark.\nMustard has been grown in quantity and experiments are under way with\npeppermint.\nSorghum,.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Through the co-operation of District Agriculturists and District Horticulturists it has been possible this year to have experiments undertaken in the production of sorghum as a source of sweetening in view of sugar rationing. In certain\nareas the results obtained were very satisfactory and several individuals with Eastern\nCanadian experience in extracting the syrup are prepared to undertake that operation\nnext year if a crop of sufficient quantity is produced.\nFARM LABOUR.\nIn November a questionnaire was sent to all Farmers' and Women's Institutes and\nto the agricultural press asking for information on the farm-labour situation. Only a X 12\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\npart of the completed forms have been returned to the Department but these show a\nvery serious situation confronting the farmers at the beginning of 1943. The farm-\nlabour survey shows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nNo. of\nReports.\nNo. 1.\nNo. 2.\nNo. 3.\nNo. 4.\nNo\n. 9.\nDistrict.\nA.\nB.\n\" A \"\t\n11\n7\n6\n10\n8\n8\n19\n6\n7\n2\n1,101\n59\n88\n298\n1,597\n527\n1,719\n134\n92\n30\n266\n40\n55\n59\n1,043\n196\n265\n32\n76\n22\n78\n1\n2\n29\n16\n32\n18\n23\n19\n18\n76\n8\n25\n77\n17\n30\n1\n246\n115\n212\n751\n3,082\n700\n2,362\n119\n250\n124\n304\n\" B \"\t\n142\n\" C \"\t\n171\n\" D \"\t\n787\n\" E \"\t\n3,599\n\" F \"\t\n749\n\" G \"\t\n\" H \"... ....\t\n2,511\n119\n\" I \"\t\n233\n\" J \" \t\n134\nTotals\t\n84\n5,645\n2,054\n186\n294\n7,961\n8,749\nNumber of men enlisted in the armed forces 5,645\nNumber of men gone into war-work 2,054\nTotal men gone 7,699\nReports covered 8,749 estimated (1942) farm premises, an increase of 788 or 10\nper cent, over the farm premises in 1939.\nIn the meantime outside labourers (186) had come into the districts and farmers'\nsons (294) had reached maturity; total, 480\u00E2\u0080\u0094about one-half of 1 per cent, of the\nnumber leaving.\nFarmers' wives and children continue to be shown as participating to a large extent\nin the farm-work.\nSHEEP POLICY.\nThe Sheep Policy encouraged by the Federal Government has resulted in the interests of farmers throughout the Province being stimulated in farm flocks. No great\nextension of the industry is noted in the average district because of the depredations of\ncoyotes and other predatory animals, but in the Peace River Block the farm flocks of\nsheep are being increased.\nRecently fourteen rams have arrived in the Peace River District; eleven of these\nare under the Dominion Ram Club Policy and three are under the National Sheep\nPolicy. A slight extension is also noted from the East Kootenay and from the Central\nInterior.\nHARPER REPORT.\nThe report of His Honour Judge A. M. Harper, a Commissioner appointed by an\nOrder in Council of the Lieutenant-Governor in Council, dated the 30th day of September, 1941, to specifically investigate and report upon the various schemes established\nunder the authority of the \" Natural Products Marketing (British Columbia) Act \" was\nreceived. This report has been printed and made available to the public.\nIn order that this report might be studied by a committee of senior departmental\nofficials the Minister, under date of November 25th, 1942, named J. B. Munro, W. H.\nRobertson, Henry Rive, Cecil Tice, and Ernest MacGinnis as a committee to study the\nreport. The observations and recommendations of this committee are being recorded\nfor the use of the Minister.\nBOYS' AND GIRLS' CLUBS.\nAs will be seen in the report of the Boys' and Girls' Clubs this activity of the\nDepartment has continued to expand. British Columbia is in the favoured position\nof showing an increase in membership in spite of war conditions which have stripped\nmany of the farms of the young people upon which the clubs depend. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 13\nAgain we sent the eight qualifying contestants in four projects to Toronto. The\nresult of the National Competition was satisfactory to the Province, for although none\nof the teams won premier awards they all received the benefit of the splendid educational trip.\nIt is specially noted that club activities this year have included Victory Gardens.\nMany of the young people in the rural parts have taken a keen and definite interest in\nproducing garden crops that are helping out many a family diet and at the same time\nare instrumental in teaching the children economical use of farm land. From present\nindications it is safe to assume that in the coming year rural and urban children will\ntake even greater interest in the growing of garden crops. This move is now being\nsponsored by some of the rural municipalities as well as by mayors and councils of the\ncitics\nFARMERS' INSTITUTES.\nThe office of Superintendent of Farmers' Institutes is for the time being held by\nErnest MacGinnis, who has efficiently attended to the many details of Farmers' Institute administration.\nNotwithstanding war-time conditions, interest in Farmers' Institutes maintains\na healthy level and in many communities its influence in centralizing local activities\ncontinues to make itself felt.\nOf the 205 Institutes on the register, 60 per cent, are engaged in some type of\nco-operative work for their members. The eleven Institutes doing the largest business\naveraged over $15,000 for the year, with only a small proportion in stumping-powder,\nfuse, and caps.\nThe reports of a number of Institutes have not yet been received, but the active\nmembership is estimated to be about 4,500.\nConventions were held in all ten districts, as follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nDistrict \" E \"\u00E2\u0080\u0094New Westminster, January 16th.\nDistrict \" A \"\u00E2\u0080\u0094Nanaimo, May 19th.\nDistrict \" F \"\u00E2\u0080\u0094Nakusp, June 10th.\nDistrict \" I \"\u00E2\u0080\u0094Fernie, June 12th.\nDistrict \" C \"\u00E2\u0080\u0094Prince George, June 16th and 17th.\nDistrict \" B \"\u00E2\u0080\u0094Francois Lake, June 19th.\nDistrict \" D \"\u00E2\u0080\u0094Kamloops, June 25th.\nDistrict \" J \"\u00E2\u0080\u0094Clayhurst, June 25th.\nDistrict \" G \"\u00E2\u0080\u0094Salmon Arm, June 26th.\nDistrict \" H \"\u00E2\u0080\u0094Canim Lake, September 30th.\nConventions at Nakusp, Fernie, Kamloops, and Salmon Arm were attended by the\nHonourable the Minister. Due to illness, the Deputy Minister and Superintendent of\nFarmers' Institutes was unable to be present at any of these gatherings.\nThe personnel of the Advisory Board remains unchanged and with the Institutes\nare participating in the Labour Survey now being undertaken by the Department.\nOn December 14th and 15th the Farmers' Institutes Advisory Board members were\nconvened at Victoria at the call of the Honourable K. C. MacDonald. In all, the Board\ndealt with approximately one hundred resolutions submitted by the constituent Institutes during the year. The Advisory Board as at present includes:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nDistrict \" A,\" Vancouver and Gulf Islands\u00E2\u0080\u0094S. Pickles, Saanichton, B.C.\nDistrict \" B,\" Telkwa and Skeena\u00E2\u0080\u0094C, J. Killer, Telkwa, B.C.\nDistrict \" C,\" Nechako\u00E2\u0080\u0094R. Blackburn, Prince George, B.C.\nDistrict \" D,\" Kamloops\u00E2\u0080\u0094Wm. Harrison, Pritchard, B.C.\nDistrict \" E,\" Lower Fraser Valley\u00E2\u0080\u0094D. E. MacKenzie, New Westminster, B.C.\nDistrict \" F,\" West Kootenay\u00E2\u0080\u0094O. B. Appleton, R.R. 1, Nelson, B.C.\nDistrict \" G,\" Okanagan-Shuswap\u00E2\u0080\u0094Robert Wood, Armstrong, B.C. (J. Wood-\nburn, alternate).\nDistrict \" H,\" Cariboo\u00E2\u0080\u0094Walter Hogg, Australian, B.C.\nDistrict \" I,\" East Kootenay\u00E2\u0080\u0094Wm. Dicken, Fernie, B.C.\nDistrict \" J,\" Peace River\u00E2\u0080\u0094Thos. Jamieson, Pouce Coupe, B.C. X 14 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nSTAFF CHANGES.\nWe regret to record the passing of H. S. French, B.S.A., on January 16th, 1942.\nMr. French was for many years District Representative stationed successively at\nCranbrook, Courtenay, and Prince George. We have also to report that R. G. Sutton,\nB.S.A., died at Kamloops on October 2nd. The late Mr. Sutton was District Agriculturist for the Department of Agriculture and for many years was located first at\nPrince George and then at New Westminster.\nThe following resignations are recorded: Miss E. M. Hudson, January 31st; Miss\nH. Querns, January 31st; D. H. McKay, March 31st; J. E. Porter, May 10; Miss\nG. C. B. Smedley, April 30th; Miss D. Davey, July 31st; J. S. Wells, July 31st; J. A.\nSmith, August 31st; Miss E. Summers, September 30th; Miss E. M. Campbell, October\n15th; and W. T. Carlyle, November 30th.\nJ. S. Wells, J. A. Smith, J. E. Porter, and Miss Gladys Smedley have all resigned\nto engage in military service, while Miss Summers transferred to the Department of\nthe Attorney-General.\nThe following appointments are recorded: Miss D. Davey, February 1st; Mrs.\nA. B. Pinchbeck, May 1st; D. F. Anderson, June 1st; C. F. Cornwall, July 9th; Mrs.\nM. Wyse, September 1st; Miss E. Cary, November 16th; Mrs. D. Moore, November\n17th; and Miss W. Laitinen, November 23rd.\nAlso recorded are the following transfers from casual labour to the pay-roll: W.\nBaverstock, April 1st; E. C. Chamberlayne, April 1st; and Miss E. W. Eastwood,\nMay 1st.\nSELECT STANDING COMMITTEE ON AGRICULTURE.\nThe report of the Select Standing Committee on Agriculture, as presented to the\nLegislature on the 10th day of February, 1942, is reproduced here for purposes of\nrecord.\n\" Mr. E. C. Carson presented the First Report of the Select Standing Committee\non Agriculture, as follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" ' Report No. 1.\n\" ' Legislative Committee Room,\n\" ' February 10th, 1942.\n\" ' Mr. Speaker :\n\"' Your Select Standing Committee on Agriculture begs leave to report as\nfollows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" ' Your Committee\u00E2\u0080\u0094authorized by Resolution of the Legislative Assembly \" to\nconsider such matters affecting the agricultural industry as may be laid before it by\nthe Advisory Board of Farmers' Institutes, to call members of the British Columbia\nAgricultural Production Committee, the Interdepartmental Committee on Farm Labour,\nand such departmental officials as may be representatives on other agricultural bodies\nwith a view to securing information on matters affecting the agricultural welfare of\nthe Province, and to report its findings to this House \"\u00E2\u0080\u0094held three sittings.\n\" ' At one of these sittings the Farmers' Institute Advisory Board presented a total\nof thirteen resolutions dealing with the following matters:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nA. Predatory-animal bounties.\nB. Farmer-member on Game Board.\nC. Export on eggs assistance.\nD. Agricultural lime bonus increase.\nE. Grain-growers' assistance.\nF. Bonus to feed-grain growers.\nG. Starch factories.\nH. Farmers' taxes.\nI. School taxes.\nJ. Tractors used by farmers.\nK. Farm-labour organization.\nL. Drain-tile.\nM. Old-age pensions. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 15\n\" ' Four of the above resolutions\u00E2\u0080\u0094namely, C, E, F, and L\u00E2\u0080\u0094were tabled pending\nthe securing of further information regarding representations. Six resolutions\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nnamely, G, H, I, J, K, and M\u00E2\u0080\u0094are deserving of consideration by the respective Departments of Government to which they are directed.\n\"' Your Committee recognizes the fact that Resolutions A, B, and D involve the\nrevenues of the Crown. However, they are of immediate importance and are passed\non to the Departments concerned with the recommendation of this Committee that they\nbe implemented in so far as possible. At the same time, your Committee recommends\nthat in view of the importance of the agricultural industry the appropriations for\nagriculture ought to be sufficiently increased to permit of the extension and expansion\nof such policies as that dealing with the subsidy on agricultural lime.\n\" ' Resolution A, referring to predatory-animal bounties, is of paramount importance in all sections where predatory animals are decimating farm herds and flocks.\nWe recommend, therefore, that a bounty of $5 on coyotes, $20 on wolves, and $30 on\ncougars be paid from Provincial funds and that restrictions respecting the destruction\nof birds damaging farm property be relaxed.\n\" ' It is further suggested by this Committee that, upon request, farmers be given\npermission to destroy pheasants when they are found doing damage to crops.\n\" ' This Committee regrets to note that, while the appropriation for predatory-\nanimal bounties is.considerably decreased in the Estimates for the coming year, there\nis provided a large appropriation to be used in the distribution of pheasants and other\ngame birds that are frequently detrimental to farm crops.\n\" ' Resolution B, advocating a farmer-member on the Game Board, is endorsed with\nthe recommendation that this suggestion receive the immediate attention of the\nHonourable the Attorney-General, under whose Department game administration comes.\n\" ' Resolution D, asking for the lime bonus increase from 50 cents to $1 a ton on\nlime used for soil improvement, is approved. In this connection your Committee points\nout that the appropriation for agriculture is entirely inadequate to take care of extension and expansion, imperative for the sound establishment of farming as a primary\nindustry of a large number of our people.\n\" ' The Select Standing Committee on Agriculture has carefully studied the matters laid before it by the Advisory Board of Farmers' Institutes, and it concurs in the\nopinion that an increase in the Estimates for the Department of Agriculture is\nessential.\n\" ' With reference to Resolution K, it is the opinion of this Committee that leadership must be given by the Government in the organizing and making available of\nsuitable and adequate labour to assist in agricultural operations during the current\nyear.\n\"' Your Select Standing Committee on Agriculture called in the Agricultural Production Committee in order to ascertain what further action had been taken with\na view to informing and advising farmers respecting their agricultural pursuits. We\nexpress complete satisfaction with the findings resulting from the questioning of this\nCommittee. Since the outbreak of war in 1939 they have issued forty-six separate\ncirculars to agricultural organizations and the farm press dealing with pertinent farm\ntopics and advising on production matters of the greatest importance.\n\" ' The Agricultural Production Committee recognizes its responsibility and is\nfully aware of the seriousness of the existing situation and the necessity for continued\nvigilance and diligence in maintaining the agricultural efficiency of British Columbia.\n\" ' All of which is respectfully submitted.\nE. C. Carson, Chairman.'\n\" The report was read and received.\" X 16 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nAGRICULTURAL STATISTICS.\nBy George H. Stewart, Provincial Statistician.\nA synopsis of agricultural conditions in British Columbia for the year 1941 is\npresented herewith, being the most recent available figures.\nThe total gross agricultural revenue of British Columbia for 1941 is estimated at\n$58,577,539, as compared with the revised estimate of $52,317,121 for 1940. This\nrepresents an increase of $6,260,418 or 11.9 per cent. The 1941 figure is the highest\nrecorded since 1929.\nIncreases are shown in the revenue from farm animals, poultry and eggs, dairy\nproducts, fruit and vegetables, grains, wool, tobacco, and seeds. Decreases are recorded\nin the revenue from fodders, potatoes and roots, honey, hops, and fur-farming.\nPrices during the past year have been approximately 10 per cent, above the preceding year. Costs of production and living have risen considerably, however, so that\nthe returns to primary producers are still short of parity with the returns to labour\nand to industry. A general shortage of farm labour has aggravated the situation.\nThe total value of imports is placed at $22,720,110, as compared with a value of\n$18,710,703 in 1940.\nImports from other Provinces are valued at $21,068,649, compared with $16,524,455\nin 1940; while imports from foreign points decreased from $2,186,248 in 1940 to\n$1,651,461 in 1941.\nThe total value of exports is estimated at $11,648,588, an increase of $2,409,569\nor 26 per cent, over the previous year. The 1941 values are the highest ever recorded.\nFRUITS.\nIn the fruit and vegetable producing sections of British Columbia the winter was\nextremely mild, with more sunshine and less snowfall than is usually experienced at\nthis time of the year. The spring was comparatively early, followed by a summer\nwhen more rain fell than is usual, particularly in the Interior. This excessive rainfall\nwas followed by warm weather which reached the maximum temperature about the\nmiddle of July. At this time record temperatures were reported in all areas. The\nfall was very wet in all sections, and the rainfall experienced from the middle of August\nuntil the late fall interfered with the harvesting of crops in all sections and in some\ncases caused serious loss. No low temperatures were experienced during the late fall\nor early winter. Light frosts were recorded in the Interior districts but no frosts in\nthe Coast sections.\nWith the exception of apples, tree-fruits in all sections wintered satisfactorily.\nThe sudden drop in temperature last November in most of the fruit areas of the\nInterior severely damaged the fruit-buds of apples, with resultant short crop in 1941.\nPears were an excellent crop and of good quality. Stone-fruits, such as peaches,\napricots, and prunes, were a heavy crop and in good demand. Cherries also were\na heavier crop than that of 1940. Rain seriously interfered with the harvesting of\nthis fruit and had it not been for the market demand for S02 fruit the loss would have\nbeen heavy.\nIn the principal small-fruit areas all small fruits came through the winter in satisfactory condition. With the exception of strawberries, all crops, however, were lighter\nthan those of the previous year.\nIn the early spring it was anticipated that strawberries would be on the market\nat a date previous to that of last year. Cool weather during the blossoming period\ndelayed ripening, with the result that the general picking dates were about the same as\nin 1940 although, due to the cool weather, the season was longer than usual. Everbearing plantings suffered as a result of the dry, hot weather in July and August.\nHot weather also shortened the raspberry-crop in many sections. Due to the\ndemand, however, for raspberries, both for the fresh fruit and on the S02 market,\nberries were taken by the buyers as long as they were available. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 17\nLoganberries in the early part of the season gave promise of a heavy crop but the\nhot weather at picking-time materially shortened the production. The hot weather\nalso reduced the blackberry-crop.\nOn the whole, the small-fruit crop was not sufficient to meet the demand and prices\ngenerally showed an improvement over those of 1940.\n*Q ,I\u00E2\u0084\u00A2\u00C2\u00B0tal Production of all fruits in 1941 amounted to 271,258,000 lb., valued at\n$8 350,522, as compared with 319,552,000 lb., valued at $7,379,840, in 1940, indicating\na decrease of 48,294,000 lb. or 15.1 per cent, in volume but an increase of $970,682 or\n13.1 per cent, in value.\nIncreases are recorded in the production of the following fruits: Pears, plums\nprunes, peaches, apricots, cherries, and strawberries; while other fruits, such as apples'\ncrab-apples, raspberries, blackberries, and loganberries, were lower than that of the\nprevious year.\nnf , JhG ^J^o^L0* commercial aPPles for 1941 is estimated at 188,106,000 lb.,\nof the value of $4,484,187, as compared with 249,602,000 lb., value $4,415,650, in 1940\nU\u00C2\u00B1 the other fruits, the estimated commercial production and value for 1941 are\nas follows, with corresponding figures for 1940 placed within brackets \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Crab-annles\nJSK2Xlb\" f6'812 (5>032>000> ^'203) ; pears\" 16,622,000 lb, $571,230 (U514000\n$415,303) ; plums, 5,166,000 lb\u00E2\u0080\u009E $128,341 (2,036,000, $59,059) ; prunes 10 814 000 lb '\n$380,758 (5,098,000, $161,547) ; peaches, 13,974,000 lb., $572,336 (ll,518,OOo' $390 079)'-'\nTi8?nnn'7\u00C2\u00ABr?i^' $1f'6\u00C2\u00B0? (3'384'000' *147'966) i berries, 4,994.000 lb! $424,580\n(4,184,000, $340,412); strawberries, 13,924,000 lb., $930,099 (12,252 000 $744 246)-\n^Trro4fnnnTo!!ooff'48t (4'414'000' ?300,449) ; blackberries,'778,000 lb.',\n$42 590 (1,046 000 $40.290) ; loganberries, 2,014,000 lb., $112,251 (2,384,000, $99,616)\nbush-fruits, 2,964,000 Ib\u00E2\u0080\u009E $145,142 (3,870,000, $164,212).\nVEGETABLES.\nThe past season has been one of the most unfavourable that the producers of\ntomatoes and onions have experienced for some time. Rain during the late summer\nand fall prevented the satisfactory ripening and harvesting of both crops Cannerv\nprices for tomatoes were higher than they have been for a number of years and\ngrowers were expecting an excellent year. Weather, however, reduced the crop and\n5 WCLWaS Olmferlor W&ht*- The onion acreage was only slightly less than that\nof last year. The crop, however, was harvested under difficulties and in many cases\ngrowers resorted to knn-drying that part of the crop that was intended for storage\npurposes. atuiage\nOther vegetable-crops show an increase and the production was on the whole satis-\nsSard excePtion of cantaloupes, which were not up to their usual quality\ntende^r^ ^\"^ ^ ^^ greenhouse and outdo\u00C2\u00B0r vegetable crops showed an upward\nThe aggregate of all vegetable-crops for the year 1941 was 76,359 tons, of a value\nof $3,431,554, as compared with 69,539 tons, of a value of $2,770,467, produced in 1940\nindicating an increase of 6,820 tons or 9.8 per cent, in quantity and $661 087 or 23 8\nper cent, in value.\nThe total production of field and forced rhubarb in 1941 amounted to 1 602 tons\nof a value of $70,264, as compared with 1,745 tons, of a value of $72,574 in 1940 a\ndecrease of 143 tons in quantity and $2,310 in value.\nThe quantity of field cucumbers produced in 1941 amounted to 1,317 tons of a\nvalue of $68,708, an increase of 144 tons or 12.2 per cent.\nThe production of hothouse cucumbers is estimated at 310 tons, of a value of\n$36,382, as compared with 311 tons, value $28,755, in 1940.\nThe production of hothouse tomatoes in 1941 amounted to 2,087 tons, valued at\n$456,552, as compared with 2,011 tons, valued at $400,028, in 1940.\nField tomatoes produced amounted to 23,626 tons, as against 25,774 tons in 1940\na decrease of 2,148 tons. '\n2 X 18 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nOther vegetables produced in 1941 amounted to 47,417 tons, valued at $2,095,357,\nas compared with the production for the year previous of 38,525 tons, valued at\n$1,497,467.\nGRAINS, FODDERS, AND ROOTS.\nCrops sown in the fall of 1940 came through the winter in good condition and got\naway to a good start. Spring-sown crops were sown early due to favourable weather\nconditions. Germination of crops was good and frequent general showers during May\nand June promoted crop-growth. July was warm and sunny and the crop reached\nmaturity in fine condition. The almost continuous rain during the month of September in most districts of the Province had a marked effect on threshing operations.\nConsiderable grain was lost in the stook and much turned out to be of low quality due\nto weathering. Yields of most crops were slightly under those of last year.\nHay-crops on the whole were very satisfactory but considerable loss occurred in\nsome districts due to wet weather.\nPotatoes suffered badly, more particularly in the Coast districts, owing to bad\ninfestation of late blight caused by the continued wet and muggy weather in the fall.\nNo major changes occurred in the acreages of field crops and the reduction of\nspring-wheat acreage is more than balanced by the increase in summer fallow.\nThe production of all grains amounted to 8,218,000 bushels, valued at $4,487,000,\nas compared with a production of 8,888,000 bushels, valued at $4,130,000, in 1940.\nWheat production in 1941 is estimated at 1,695,000 bushels from 67,800 acres,\na yield per acre of 25 bushels, as compared with 1,999,000 bushels from 78,100 acres,\nor 25.6 bushels per acre in 1940. Oats yielded 5,530,000 bushels from 121,000 acres,\nas compared with 5,912,000 bushels from 118,000 acres in 1940, yields per acre of 45.7\nbushels and 50.1 bushels respectively. Barley production is estimated at 549,000\nbushels from 16,700 acres, or 32.9 bushels per acre, as compared with 580,000 bushels\nfrom 17,300 acres, or 33.5 bushels per acre, in 1940. Rye is estimated to have yielded\n101,000 bushels from 4,800 acres, as compared with 84,000 bushels from 4,200 acres in\n1940, yields per acre of 21 and 20 bushels.\nThe production of mixed grains is estimated at 176,000 bushels from 4,700 acres,\nor 37.5 bushels per acre, as compared with 183,000 bushels from 4,900 acres, or 37.3\nbushels per acre, in 1940. The production of other grain crops, in bushels, is as\nfollows, with the 1940 figures within'brackets: Peas, 127,000 (97,000) ; beans, 31,000\n(29,000); flax-seed, 9,000 (4,000).\nThe average prices up to December 31st received by growers at the point of production for the 1941 crops are estimated as follows, with the prices for 1940 crops\nwithin brackets: Cents per bushel\u00E2\u0080\u0094wheat, 75 (70) ; oats, 45 (36) ; barley, 58 (49) ;\nrye, 62 (55) ; peas, 151 (130) ; beans, 180 (190) ; flax-seed, 115 (105) ; mixed grains,\n50 (48).\nFodder-crops aggregating a total of 731,000 tons valued at $7,083,000 were produced as against the 1940 production of 745,000 tons, valued at $6,988,000.\nHay and clover production in 1941 amounted to 325,000 tons from 157,000 acres,\nor 2.07 tons per acre, as compared with 333,000 tons from 158,700 acres, or 2.10 tons\nper acre, in 1940. Alfalfa yielded 156,000 tons from 51,000 acres, or 3.05 tons per\nacre, as compared with 157,000 tons from 51,000 acres, or 3.07 tons per acre, in 1940.\nFodder corn yielded 70,000 tons from 6,100 acres, or 11.53 tons per acre, as compared\nwith 71,000 tons from 6,100 acres, or 11.66 tons per acre, in 1940. Grain-hay is estimated to have yielded 116,000 tons from 53,000 acres, as compared with 116,000 tons\nfrom 51,600 acres in 1940, yields per acre of 2.19 tons and 2.25 tons respectively.\nThe total yield of potatoes in 1941 was 93,600 tons from 19,500 acres, as compared\nwith 122,000 tons from 20,000 acres in 1940, the yields per acre being 4.80 tons and\n6.10 tons respectively.\nTurnips, etc., yielded 53,500 tons from 5,400 acres, or 9.90 tons per acre, as compared with 61,600 tons from 5,500 acres, or 11.20 tons per acre, in 1940.\nThe aggregate value of all field crops in 1941 is estimated at $14,552,000 as compared with $14,761,000 in 1940. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 19\nDAIRY PRODUCTS.\nDuring 1941 a considerable rise in total value of dairy products was experienced.\nPrices which had hitherto been severely controlled were permitted adjustment somewhat more in accord with the increased overhead of the dairy producer. All feedstuffs\n(concentrates particularly) had long gone up in cost and labour of the right kind is\nstill most difficult to secure.\nTotal milk production increased appreciably but some manufactured products\ndecreased in quantity. Creamery butter and cheese declined slightly, ice-cream gained\nand evaporated milk showed an immense increase, amounting to nearly 27 per cent, over\nthe previous year. Some encouragement has been felt by the producer, but not enough\nto compensate for the decade of low prices experienced just prior to the outbreak of\nwar and the haste to apply a ceiling price to butter and fluid milk.\nOn the whole the season was favourable to those producers with sufficient assistance but many small dairy-farm operators have left the business for work offering\nmore remuneration.\nThe total value of dairy production in 1941 is placed at $16,209,733, as compared\nwith the 1940 production of $14,218,825, an increase of $1,990,908 or 14 per cent.\nThe 1941 creamery butter make amounted to 6,062,442 lb., as compared with 6,189,-\n036 lb. in 1940, a decrease of 126,594 lb. The average for the whole of 1941 was 34.3\ncents per lb. of creamery butter as against 26.8 cents per lb. in 1940.\nFactory cheese is estimated at 719,528 lb., valued at $148,892, as compared with\n750,502 lb., valued at $122,158, in 1940, which represents a decrease of 30,974 lb.\nCheese averaged 20.6 cents per lb. in 1941 as against 16.2 cents per lb. the year\nprevious.\nThe quantity of evaporated milk manufactured exceeded all previous records. The\noutput of the condenseries during 1941 amounted to 581,806 cases, valued at $2,094,502,\nas compared with 458,521 cases, valued at $1,467,268, in 1940.\nThe production of ice-cream also reached an all-time high. The combined output\nof ice-cream and ice-cream mix amounted to 1,357,812 gallons in 1941, as against\n1,122,127 gallons in 1940, indicating an increase of 235,685 gallons or 21 per cent.\nThe quantity of fresh milk consumed in 1941 was 21,865,000 gallons, as compared\nwith 21,520,000 gallons in 1940, which represents an increase of 345,000 gallons.\nIncreases are recorded in the 1941 production of chocolate milk, cottage cheese,\nand skim-milk powder.\nLIVE STOCK AND POULTRY.\nDuring 1941, stockmen enjoyed a definite improvement in live-stock prices and considerable improvement in organization of their marketing'. Beef cattle netted them\nreturns above average and shipments have increased.\nLamb and wool prices have been good, but predatory animals are making it difficult for sheepmen to carry on in some sections.\nA very definite improvement in swine marketings has been noted this year, with\nco-operative mixed and truck shipments coming out of Central British Columbia and\nthe Cariboo. In one section of the Province rail grading of swine shows the percentage\nof top grades to be highest in the Dominion.\nThe total numbers and values of farm live stock in British Columbia at June 1st,\n1941, are estimated as follows, with the corresponding figures for 1940 within brackets:\nHorses, 72,800, $5,460,000 (71,000, $5,396,000) ; milk cows, 130,700, $8,103,000 (129,400,\n$6,988,000); other cattle, 231,900, $10,204,000 (197,800, $7,516,000); total cattle, 362,600,\n$18,307,000 (327,200, $14,504,000) ; sheep, 170,600, $1,510,000 (174,700, $1,260,000) ;\nhogs, 88,800, $1,399,000 (83,100, $1,205,000). *\nThe total value of all these descriptions of farm live stock in 1941 amounted to\n$26,676,000, as compared with $22,365,000 in 1940, an increase of $4,311,000 or 19.2\nper cent.\nThe total numbers and values of farm poultry in 1941 are estimated as follows,\nwith the 1940 figures in brackets: Hens and chickens, 4,399,400, $3,520,000 (4,719,300,\n$3,634,000) ; turkeys, 53,400, $147,000 (56,200, $147,000) ; geese, 10,900, $22,000 (9,200,\n$17,000) ; ducks, 31,200, $31,000 (34,900, $35,000). X 20 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nThe total value of all farm poultry in 1941 amounted to $3,720,000 as against\n$3,833,000 in 1940.\nThe average farm values per head of live stock and poultry in 1941 are as follows,\nwith the 1940 values in brackets: Horses, $75 (76) ; milk cows, $62 (54) ; other cattle,\n$44 (38) ; all cattle, $50 (44) ; sheep, $8.85 (7.21) ; hogs, $15.75 (14.50) ; hens and\nchickens, $0.80 (0.77); turkeys, $2.75 (2.61); geese, $2 (1.80); ducks, $1 (1).\nThe production of farm eggs in 1941 is estimated at 20,845,000 dozens, compared\nwith 20,350,000 dozens in 1940, an increase of 495,000 dozens. Returns to the producer\nranged higher than during the year previous.\nMISCELLANEOUS.\nSeed production in the Province shows a decided increase. In 1941 the value of\nvegetable-seed produced was $456,256, as against $153,609 in 1940 and $72,130 in 1939.\nField roots and forage-crops seed production for the same period was $146,003, as compared with $140,705 in 1940 and $127,657 in 1939. Flower-seed production was valued\nat $12,774 in 1941 and $18,063 and $26,456 respectively for the years 1940 and 1939.\nThe total value of all seed production for the year 1941 amounted to $615,033, as\nagainst $312,377 in 1940, an increase of $302,656 or 96.8 per cent.\nThe demand for bulbs, due to conditions in Europe, continues to increase. Growers\nare increasing their plantings each year and finding a ready sale for all that can be\nproduced. While bulbs of the highest quality can be produced and are produced by\nmany growers, there is room for improvement. Only by maintaining a high standard\nof quality will it be possible for producers to hold the market which they now have when\nnormal conditions return and with it the European competition that may be expected.\nThat this industry is growing is shown by the fact that in 1929 there were 159 acres\nin bulbs and in 1941, 315 acres.\nThe value of floricultural and ornamental nursery stock, etc., sold during the year\n1941 amounted to $332,494, an increase from the previous year of $59,063 or 21.6 per\ncent.\nThe abnormally hot dry spell experienced during the month of July greatly curtailed the honey-flow and as a result the crop was below normal. The production of\nhoney in 1941 is estimated at 1,169,040 lb., of a value of $210,427, as against 1,264,050\nlb., of a value of $214,889, in 1940, representing a decrease in quantity of 95,010 lb.\nHop-crop indications for 1941 were excellent up until harvesting, when unfavourable weather conditions interfered seriously with the picking. Hops yielded 1,596,400\nlb. from 1,506 acres, as compared with 1,691,500 lb. from 1,303 acres in 1940, yields per\nacre of 1,060 lb. and 1,298 lb. respectively. The average value per pound of hops in\n1941 is estimated at 35 cents, as compared with 33% cents in 1940.\nTobacco yielded 766,200 lb., valued at $140,200, from 640 acres, as compared with\n507,600 lb., valued at $95,000, from 450 acres in 1940, the yields per acre being 1,197\nlb. and 1,128 lb. respectively. The entire crop was sold in Eastern Canada.\nWool produced amounted to 586,000 lb., valued at $130,000, as against the 1940\nproduction of 645,000 lb., valued at $123,000. The average value per pound of unwashed\nwool in 1941 is estimated at 22.1 cents, as compared with 19 cents in 1940.\nREPORT OF MARKETS BRANCH.\nErnest MacGinnis, Markets Commissioner.\nSince the outbreak of the war, the production and marketing procedure has been\nconstantly changing as new and unforeseen developments in the international scene\ntook place.\nRealizing the relationship between production and marketing of agricultural products your Markets Commissioner is maintaining close touch with both activities. As\nSecretary of the British Columbia Agricultural Production Committee, Acting Superintendent of Farmers' Institutes, and departmental representative to the Dominion DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 21\nAgricultural Supplies Board and the Agricultural Section of the Dominion Rehabilitation Council, all new and important moves in agricultural production and national\nmarketing movements are brought to the attention of this office.\nThe conditions outlined in the 1941 report as affecting the marketing of the British\nColumbia agricultural crop existed in large measure during the year presently under\nreview, 1942.\nThe shortage of labour has been reflected in the short supply of several commodities, notably the berry-crop in the Fraser Valley, and in the same area heavy rains and\nother conditions reduced potato yields.\nWith increased demand from the armed forces and war-workers, priorities on\nmachinery, and with a labour shortage restricting production, the marketing of agricultural produce has presented few difficulties. The apple-crop, up about 30 per cent,\nover 1941, was marketed as in previous years under the \" War Measures Act \" by agreement with the Dominion Department of Agriculture.\nCOMMODITY PRICE CONTROL.\nThe following commodities are under the ceiling regulations of the Wartime Prices\nand Trade Board: Potatoes, onions, all dried fruits (including apples), pears and\nprunes, eggs, all honey sales (except sales by the producer to other than a consumer),\nbutter, cheese, evaporated milk, seeds (except bird-seed when mixed with imported\nseed).\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 Though exempt from ceiling the Board exercises control in the event of excessive\nprices being charged for fresh apples and all fresh fruits, exempting bananas. All\nvegetables except potatoes and onions are exempt. Fresh bunch onions are exempt.\nIndividual distributers have individual ceilings established during the basic period.\nBasic period for dried onions, January 5th to 10th; basic period for potatoes, February\n2nd to 7th. Egg, honey, butter, and cheese ceilings are set by the Board orders.\nBeef and pork are under a ceiling. Beef ceiling, October 13th, 1942; prices as\nfollows: 17% cents per pound in carcasses for commercial trade, 2% cents less for\ncow beef. Pork ceiling, December 1st, 1941. Prices to be the same as prevailed in\nthe same store during the basic period, September 15th to October 11th, 1941.\nMARKETING OF 1942 TREE-FRUIT CROP.\nApples.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Original estimates of the apple-crop were considerably reduced as the\npicking season advanced. A poor set in some areas, inexperienced thinning help and\npickers, and a larger drop than usual because of late picking due to scarcity of help,\nand the serious windfall and hail damage in some areas contributed to this condition.\nAt the same time the apples sized up to an extent of perhaps 20 per cent. The Prairie\nmarkets absorbed large quantities and by the end of October had purchased over a\nquarter of a million boxes more than up to the same period the preceding year.\nA new development in tree-fruit marketing designed to absorb any shock that\nmight follow the withdrawal of the powers now enjoyed under the \" War Measures\nAct\" at the conclusion of hostilities is a three-party contract between growers, their\nshippers, and Tree Fruits, Ltd. The campaign for signatures was well received and\nfollowed discussions and much committee work by the British Columbia Fruit-growers'\nAssociation over a period of years.\nFollowing are extracts from the agreement between the Minister of Agriculture\nfor Canada and the Okanagan Valley growers, as represented by the British Columbia\nFruit Board (which operates under the \" Natural Products Marketing (British Columbia) Act\").\n\" Section 3: The Minister agrees to assist in the marketing of a maximum quantity of 4,750,000 boxes of apples, less any quantity sold by the Board outside of Canada,\nby paying to the Board the sum or amount by which the f .o.b. value of all sales by the\nBoard of Canada for fresh consumption at prices authorized by the Minister totals less\nthan an average of $1.25 per box of wrapped pack and $1.15 per box of unwrapped\npack for a total quantity of 4,500,000 boxes less any quantity sold by the Board outside X 22\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nof Canada, and the sum or amount by which the f.o.b. value of any additional such\nsales not exceeding 250,000 boxes totals less than an average of $1 per box.\n\" The Minister further agrees to purchase from the Board up to 2,240,000 pounds\nof choice quality evaporated apples, 22 per cent, moisture, resulphured, packed for\nexport, at 11 cents per pound f.o.b. shipping point.\n\" Powers of the Board: (1.) The Board shall have the exclusive right to sell, ship,\nor transport apples for delivery outside of the Okanagan Valley or to designate the\nagency by or through which apples may be sold, shipped, or transported, and to determine the charges that may be deducted by any such agency.\n\"Pooling of Receipts: (1.) The Board shall have authority to conduct a pool for\nthe distribution of all moneys paid by the Minister together with all moneys received\nfrom sales of apples and after deducting all necessary and proper disbursements and\nexpenses and such compensation as may be determined by the Board for apples excluded\nfrom marketing, to make payment to the growers or the growers' agents in accordance\nwith a scheme of distribution determined by the Board, which shall be on the basis of\nlike returns for apples of the same variety, grade, size, marketability, and packing\ncosts.\"\nCrab-apples.\u00E2\u0080\u0094The crop of Hyslops required considerable additional advertising to\nkeep in motion, but eventually 115,000 packages were disposed of, which is a record\nfor several years. Transcendents in smaller quantity were absorbed fairly quickly.\nAnalysis of Movement of 1941 Apple-crop.\nVariety.\nDomestic.\nExport.\nCannery.\nShrink.\nTotal.\n39,972\n29,594\n207,402\n964,548\n67,143\n47,754\n23,728\n20,375\n7,250\n35,713\n12,730\n472,013\n96,065\n75,849\n8,947\n279,794\n147,722\n39,972\n29,594\nWealthy ...- -\t\n1,516\n305,669\n252,241\n11,453\n2,343\n11\n12,996\n18,819\n4,348\n421,350\n40,363\n19,732\n5,037\n108,172\n200,148\n208,918\n42\n2\n1,270,259\n25,401\n344,787\n59,207\n26,071\n3,480\n23,866\n20,246\n1,191\n55,723\n190\n28\n893,553\n175 389\n38,933\n95,581\n1,993\n15,977\n151\n10\n388,117\n347,880\nTotals \t\n2,536,599\n1,404,198\n70,998\n423\n4,012,218\nSOFT FRUITS.\nThe cherry season presented its usual number of problems due to the violent\nweather fluctuations during the summer. Uneven ripening occurred in many fruits\nand sometimes in different varieties of the same fruit. Towards the end of the cherry\nseason heavy rains caused considerable loss to growers, but, on the whole, this fruit\nsurvived in fairly good shape. Price-levels were maintained and even rose slightly\ntowards the end of the season. A very substantial quantity was diverted to the\nprocessors.\nThe peach season also shows a record of maintained prices rather in advance of\nlast year, and is complicated mostly by the fact that the semi-freestone varieties which\nwere set aside for cannery purposes showed a disconcerting tendency to remain clingstone, with resulting difficulties at the cannery. Apricots moved rapidly to the market.\nCantaloupes proved to be of outstanding quality and the demand held up satisfactorily\nenough to market the entire crop at good prices. Plums and the balance of the soft\nfruit also moved satisfactorily into consumption. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 23\nSTRAWBERRIES.\nThe strawberry-crop came on the market two weeks later than in 1941, cloudy\nshowery weather retarding the ripening, and the first car moved on June 6th. Sixty-\nsix cars were shipped to the fresh-fruit market compared with 195 the previous year.\nDue to short supply, jobbers' floors were cleared every night. This quick movement\ninto consumption was reflected in the lower condition claims than might have been\nexpected.\nIt was anticipated at the time of shipping the first car that the peak movement\nwould come between the 18th and 23rd of June, but about that time the weather cleared\nand extreme heat developed, affecting the berries and practically closing the deal.\nThe crop was marketed in almost equal proportions between the canners, the fresh-\nfruit market, and the S02 deal for the British Ministry of Food.\nStrawberries, raspberries, loganberries, and boysenberries were shipped to\nNewfoundland; frozen loganberries to the United States; S02 black currants and\nblackberries, strawberries, raspberries, and frozen black currants and raspberries were\nshipped to Eastern Canada, and S02 strawberries and loganberries from Vancouver\nIsland were shipped to Eastern Canada.\nThe withdrawal of Jap strawberry-growers had a serious effect upon the deal as\nmany farms were not cultivated in the early spring and picking-help was short throughout the season. This, coupled with unusually bad weather conditions made the deal\na very difficult one to handle with any degree of satisfaction. The yield is estimated\nto have been about 50 per cent, of normal.\nHOTHOUSE TOMATOES AND CUCUMBERS.\nFirst crop hothouse tomatoes moved into consumption at good prices to the producers and in volume. One agency reports 55,000 crates handled with distribution to\nthe three Prairie Provinces, Ontario, and U.S.A. Pool prices averaged $2.76 per crate,\nthe top price for one week being $4.61 for No. 1 after deducting V.F., C.L., and P.B.\nWhite spine cucumbers moved from the same source in 5,926-box volume with an\naverage price of $2.46.\nAn item of paramount importance to the hothouse deal is the matter of fuel, few\nhouses having the usual supply on hand for the next crop. Second-crop tomatoes moved\nsatisfactorily and at well sustained prices.\nPOTATOES.\nA survey of the potato situation in Western Canada shows that in 1941 the three\nPrairie Provinces and British Columbia had an estimated production of 15,250,000\nbushels. The estimated production for 1942 in the same area is 17,500,000 bushels.\nThe crop in British Columbia and Alberta is estimated to be the same as in 1941, but\nthe crop in Saskatchewan is expected to reach a total of 3,000,000 bushels more. The\ncrop on the Lower Mainland is estimated to be about 65 per cent, of normal, or about\nthe same as last year. Up to November 10th, seventy cars of Alberta potatoes had\nbeen received on the Coast market, one car from Saskatchewan and one car from\nManitoba. During the same period 175 cars have been shipped by growers from the\nInterior of the Province. Flooding and the labour situation and some blight were the\nmajor causes of smaller harvests on the Lower Mainland as the acreage planted was\nabout the same as the preceding year. In some of the imported potatoes specimens of\nbacterial ring-rot were discovered.\nThe turnover of the Interior Vegetable Marketing Board for the twelve months\nended November 30th, 1941, amounted to $413,613.52.\nIncluded in the commodities merchandised were 6,349 tons of potatoes, 5,543 tons\nof onions, and 2,800 tons of other vegetables, in addition to bunch vegetables, cantaloupes, corn, and cucumbers. For the processing deal 18,672 tons of tomatoes, onions,\ncarrots, and asparagus were handled.\nThe scope of operations of the British Columbia Coast Vegetable Marketing Boards\nare shown in the subjoined tabulations. X 24\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nTable A.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Summary Gross Sales Value.\nPotatoes\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nVancouver and Victoria, for period from June 1st,\n1941, to March 31st, 1942; Sub-agencies, for\nperiod June 1st, 1941, to October 31st, 1941,\nonly _, $504,343.60\nVegetables\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nSame as above 203,809.78\n$708,153.38\nPotatoes\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nPemberton and Cariboo, for the period June 1st,\n1941, to March 31st, 1942 22,683.75\nVegetables\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nSame as above 14,073.84\n$744,910.97\nProduce sold to processors and canneries $27,823.48\nTotal sales value of produce $772,734.45\nTable B.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Total Sales Values of Potatoes and Vegetables sold during\nthe Period from June 1st, 1941, to March 31st, 1942.\nMonth.\nBeets.\nCarrots.\nTurnips.\nOnions.\nParsnips. Cabbage.\nPotatoes\n(all Grades\nand\nVarieties).\n1941.\n$216.70\n901.69\n876.07\n624.64\n820.86\n973.93\n1,394.26\n692.49\n162.50\n229.00\n$3,437.72\n3,010.36\n3,081.93\n3,111.76\n4,126.12\n4,091.95\n6,899.49\n10,999.82\n8,867.18\n3,372.67\n$1,768.95\n1,183.36\n324.85\n4,729.40\n10,182.46\n5,007.68\n3,934.23\n10,097.75\n3,768.00\n6,065.75\n$981.68\n1,906.27\n7,182.33\n10,640.34\n2,387.22\n515.43\n291.76\n95.00\n37.50\n9.00\n$405.33\n$10,051.15\n4,923.00\n3,776.22\n4,760.27\n4,626.71\n5,012.74\n3,863.30\n8,909.29\n2,483.21\n631.94\n$75,849.76\n50,785.12\n24.38\n357.05\n921.13\n539.16\n2,539.74\n2,568.62\n1,988.54\n2,013.82\n44,432.16\nSeptember \t\nOctober \t\nNovember ...\t\n47,928.39\n56,250.91\n53,467.80\n30,594.27\n1942.\n57,503 01\n49,030.19\n38,501.99\nMarch \t\nTotals \t\n$6,892.14\n$50,999.00\n$47,062.43\n$24,046.53\n$11,357.77\n$49,037.83\n$504,343.60 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942.\nX 25\nd\nnri\n3\n<\n1-5\nw\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0,\n1\n0\n0.\nO\ns\nCD\ntH\nm\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0<#\ncu\nO\n^H\nC\nOj\n/\u00E2\u0080\u0094s\nOO\n^_^\nCU\nas\no\nrQ\n\nbe\nCS\nSh\n(M\nrH\n<\nca\nH-T\nCd,\nCM\n<1>\nj-i\n>\n>\nCO\n\u00C2\u00AB)\nrH\ny-^\nhG\nr\u00C2\u00A3\n\u00C2\u00AB*\n-+j\nw\n4H\nCI\nI*\nm\nh\n01\nrH\nrH\na\n&\nCO\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0+J\nrH\no\nv\u00E2\u0080\u0094^\nrd\nTH\nBi\n-M\nO\nCO\nci;\n^\nn\nu\nr*l\nrH\nj\na\nSh\n1\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2H<\no\nCO\nS\nOJ\no\nft\no\nrH\nCO\nH\n4-*\no\nU\nrH\nGO\npq\n>=H\n\n<1>\nH\nC5\nrH\nFt\nW\n3\nO\nTJ\nr-J\nM\nH-J\n>\n03\nTH\nto\nO\nP\n\nco\n!h\n?,\na\n01\n\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0a!\nT)\nH\nG\n05\no>\n>\n3\no\no\ne\n>\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\ntO r-\nC\ne*\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0^ ir\nCM\nc\nCv\n00\n00\n5\nH IO f\n\"fl< Cv\nr-\nc-\nCJ\nW\nI-H\nCO\nw -;\ncd\no o\nCO\n38\np w\nPh\ndig\nIS\nM CO C\n\u00C2\u00BB\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\nO tO r-\nCJ\nCJ\n00\no\nCO \"* r-J\nO O) c\n*\u00C2\u00ABi\nc\nCJ IT\ntc\nIO\nIO\nin rH Cv\nCv\nN CO r-\nCv\nc<-\nCvl\nCv]\n&3-\nm-\nCO\nCO\nto\nto\ntn\ncog\nCO\n. p\nO \n\u00C2\u00AB\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\ncm\"\nCI\nu:\noc\nCv\nC\nt-\no\nrS\n(M\ntc\nIT\nCv\no-\ncs\nV\nV\nCv\nir\nCO\nCJ\nd\n&\n5\nco\"\ntM\nIT\nt-\nOC\nC3\n\"*\nCM\nCC\nIf\ntc\n0\no\no\nW\n,-4\nt-\nc\n<=\nCC\nCJ\nci\n\u00C2\u00A3\ne.f>\nCv\nCJ\ncr\nc\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0^\nCM\neo-\n,_;\nCJ c\nio cj oo cr\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0*\ntr-\nJ2\n00 i\u00C2\u00A3\na\nr-\na t-\no\nco\nt- IT\nCJ If\nCO\no\n\u00C2\u00AB\ncd\nCO\n' C-\neo\nH\nEh\ncjg\n*2\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0* a\nO\"\nOC\nCC\ntc\no\nb-\noo e\nOC\na\ncr\nrd\nt-\nS\nCO c>*\na\no\ncvi\n15\nC\"\nK\ncr\ntP\nCO\nCI r-\nu\ntr\nt- Cv\no\nCvl\nC-J\n1\n00 If\na\nc\nie\no tc\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\"#\nCvl\nIO Cn\nCv\nT\nOC\nco e\n00\no\nd\nc3\n' <=\n\" c\nTl\noc\nIO\ncm\"\n|\nG\nW\nCv\nr-\nCv\nr-\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0^\no\nrig\n-^ o-\n<=\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0**\ntr\n-el\nri\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0^\nIO\nm c\nC\nic\nee\ntc\noc\ntc\ncr\noo\n^S\nrH i-\na\nK\na\nr-\n&\"\nec\nc-^\nci\n1M C\\nr-\ntN\nCv\no-\nci-\nc\nV\nCO\nCvl\nee-\neo-\nin c\nc\n<\u00C2\u00A3\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0*\nto -^\nto oc\nCvl\n.\nH\nJ2\nci \u00C2\u00AB\nC\u00C2\u00A3\nG\ntO \"^\ntO Cv\ntr-\n-*\nt- t-\nO p-\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0<\nr-\nr-t\no\nd\nrt\ntd cc\nec\na\nc\nio to t\n* Cvf\nCO*\ni\nCO\neo\no ir\nc\nCv\nCv\nCJ CJ T-\nc\no\nCO\nOS c-\nr-j- ry\nc\nt-\n1C\nCO 1C\nIO If\nCv\nc\nec\nCO\nIO\ncvi\nCM Cs\nr-\nCv\ne*1\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00C2\u00AB!\ne&\nm\nV\nCv]\noc\nV\n\nSi\nr\nr-\nX\nH\nCJ\nc\n+3\nOS\na\n5\nE\na\np\nq\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nc\nN >\nX\n5\n*X\na\nCJ\na;\nc\nSz\na\n0\n1-\ni X 26\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nThe Markets Bulletin suspended publication with the issue of May 5th, due to\nwar conditions. Inspection officials on the Prairies have agreed to continue their\nappreciated service direct to this Branch.\nDuring the year your Commissioner attended the annual meeting of the British\nColumbia Fruit-growers' Association in January. In February, as Secretary, he was\npresent at a special meeting in Regina of the Sub-committee on Beef Grading and at\nthat time called on the Prairie fruit trade. Opportunity was also afforded on this trip\nto sit in for a day on a conference of the P.F.R.A. Meetings of the Agricultural\nSupplies Board and the Agricultural section of the National Committee on Reconstruction were attended and again the Prairie trade was contacted on the return trip during\nJuly.\nREPORT OF HORTICULTURAL BRANCH.\nW. H. Robertson, Provincial Horticulturist.\nFrom a horticultural standpoint the climatic conditions have been most variable.\nThe fall of 1941 was extremely wet, the excessive rain interfering materially with the\nharvesting of fruit and vegetable and especially seed-crops of all kinds. The winter\nwas on the whole mild, with light snowfall in the Interior sections and less rainfall in\nthe Coast area than is usually experienced at this time of the year. Dry weather and\nmild conditions generally permitted the early starting of spring work but growth on\nthe whole was late in comparison with 1941, as indicated by the following table giving\nblossoming dates over a period of years for the Kelowna District, as submitted by\nB. Hoy, District Field Inspector:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nFruit.\n1937.\n1938.\n1939.\n1940.\n1941.\n1942.\nApril 20\nMay 2\nMay 6\nMay 16\nApril 16\nApril 24\nApril 27\nMay 9\nApril 19\nApril 24\nApril 28\nMay 2\nApril 9\nApril 19\nApril 24\nMay 2\nApril 1\nApril 16\nApril 20\nApril 25\nApril 24\nPears \t\nApples \t\nApril 28\nMay 8\nUnsettled weather with heavy rains was experienced in all districts up to the\nmiddle of July. From that date until the end of October there was continuous dry\nweather. This was very satisfactory for harvesting crops but in the case of the apple\nand seed crops undoubtedly caused a general reduction over early estimates of production. During the month of November there was moderate rainfall in the Coast\nsections with light snowfall in some of the Interior areas.\nHORTICULTURAL CROPS.\nTree-fruits.\nThe apple-crop in all sections was smaller than anticipated. In the Okanagan\nindications were for a heavy crop. At picking-time the crop was much smaller than\nwas forecast by spring and summer estimates. This was due largely to the dry weather\nconditions which prevailed for the two months previous to harvesting. In the Kootenay\nsections the crop was also materially reduced by disease as well as by the drought\nconditions which were general there as well as in other areas. A reduction of approximately 20 per cent, from original estimates is indicated from the amount of fruit\npicked.\nThe crab-apple and pear crops were slightly larger than in 1941 and prices in both\ncases were higher than those of last year.\nThe crops of prunes, plums, and cherries were lighter than those of the previous\nyear. Harvesting was carried out satisfactorily and the returns for these fruits were\nbetter than in 1941. Peaches and apricots were a heavy crop in all sections and of\nexceptional quality. Market demand for this fruit was good. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942.\nX 27\nSmall Fruits.\nIn the main small-fruit areas of the Fraser Valley the small-fruit industry has\nbeen largely in the hands of Japanese growers. Due to war conditions it was found\nnecessary to move these aliens to points away from the Coast. The result was that\nmany plantings of small fruits originally owned by Japanese were either partly or\nwholly neglected, with resultant loss of crop. These difficulties, together with unsettled\nweather at harvesting-time, reduced the tonnage below the anticipated crop in all\ncases. The production of loganberries and strawberries was less while that of raspberries was about the same as that of the previous year. Prices generally were higher\nthan in 1941.\nThe labour situation also has been a factor in fruit-crop production this year.\nCrops have been harvested but only with difficulty. In many of the Interior sections\nstores in the towns and villages were closed for brief periods and business men and\nwomen went to the orchards to assist in the work of harvesting the crop. Schools\nwere also closed or opened late in the fall in order to give senior pupils an opportunity\nto assist in this work.\nThe following table shows the production of tree and small fruits for 1941, with\nthe estimated production for 1942:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nKind.\nYear. Production.\nYear. Production.\nApples..\nCrab-apples..\nPears\t\nPlums.-\nPrunes\u00E2\u0080\u0094.\nPeaches.\nApricots\nCherries.\n1941\n1942\n1941\n1942\n1941\n1942\n1941\n1942\n1941\n1942\n1941\n1942\n1941\n1942\n1941\n1942\nBoxes.\n4,478,692\n5,450,000\n121,138\n141,300\n395,750\n399,500\nCrates.\n258,301\n215,000\n636,095\n446,500\n698,743\n785,500\n189,946\n267,500\n249,711\n243,600\nStrawberries-\nRaspberries.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nBlackberries..\nLoganberries .\nRed Currants.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nBlack Currants.\nGooseberries\t\nGrapes \t\n1941\n1942\n1941\n1942\n1941\n1942\n1941\n1942\n1941\n1942\n1941\n1942\n1941\n1942\n1941\n1942\nCrates.\n773,567\n473,900\n196,178\n203,200\n43,173\n48,500\nPounds.\n2,013,534\n1,706,400\n76,560\n129,000\n499,788\n530,700\n235,476\n233,900\n2,151,304\n2,869,000\nVegetables.\nOn the Coast the season has been fairly satisfactory. The mild open winter\npermitted the early preparation of land. The broccoli-crop matured satisfactorily and\nno serious damage was done by the freeze in January. Unsettled weather at seeding\nand planting time, and to some extent throughout the early part of the season, was not\nconducive to rapid development. Production, however, has been on the whole good,\nalthough some shortages may be expected during the coming months due to the\nincreased demand.\nIn the Interior the onion acreage exceeded last year's but tonnage was under expectations. Fall-planted onions produced an excellent crop of large size uniform onions,\nbut there were more of them than could be marketed through ordinary channels and\nmany were shipped to the evaporator.\nSpring-seeded onions made excellent growth until the hot weather in August.\nThrips became numerous and mildew suddenly stopped growth. Onions at this time\nwere only two-thirds to three-quarters grown and did not develop further. This small\nsize accounts for the reduced yield. Harvesting weather has been the best in years,\npractically no rain falling since the onions were pulled.\nThe cold, wet spring weather retarded growth of tomato plants and the crop was\nlate in starting. From late July to the end of September favourable weather prevailed, X 28 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nbut there was not time to make up for the late start. The bulk of the canning-crop\nwas harvested in September and late-picked tomatoes never have the quality of those\nharvested in August. As last year the demand for canning was greater than the\nsupply, and though not a satisfactory tomato year it was an improvement over 1941.\nThe lettuce and celery acreage was very little larger than last year and the crops\nsomewhat below the average in quality. Celery blight was general in the principal\nplantings at Armstrong and Kelowna. Asparagus yields were also below normal due\nto unsatisfactory conditions during the cutting period.\nGreenhouse vegetables such as tomatoes and cucumbers were produced in quantities approximately equal to last year and marketed at higher prices than in 1941.\nThe following table shows the estimated acreage of some of the principal outdoor\nvegetables in comparison with the estimated acreage of the same crops for the\nprevious year:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n1941 Estimated 1942 Estimated\nKind. Acreage. Acreage.\nTomatoes 3,816 3,228\nOnions 974 1,431\nLettuce 594 635\nCelery 360 412\nCucumbers 190 171\nCabbage 588 578\nCantaloupes 322 224\nZucca Melons.\nThe Zucca melon is a comparatively new crop in British Columbia and was introduced into the Southern Okanagan a few years ago. It is used entirely for processing\nand eventually finds its way to the market in the form of peel used by the housewife in\nnumerous recipes. The production per acre is heavy in a satisfactory season. A comparatively small acreage, therefore, will care for a fairly extensive market demand.\nThe crop in British Columbia is produced principally in the Summerland and Oliver-\nOsoyoos Districts. Reporting on this crop R. P. Murray, District Field Inspector at\nPenticton, has the following to say with regard to this year's crop:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" Zucca melons, that have been grown for the past few years in a more or less\nexperimental way, got off to a very poor start. During the early summer it looked\nas though this crop would be very much below normal, but with fine hot weather during\nJuly and August, and a warm frost-free September and early October, the largest crop\nof Zucca melon ever grown in Canada was harvested. It is expected that the crop will\nreach 700 processed tons. This season the crop is being processed by a Coast firm as\nwell as the processing plant in Penticton.\"\nGrapes.\nIn the Coast areas the acreage in grapes shows a gradual increase as many small\nplantings are being made from year to year. The set of grapes this year was only\nfair, but harvesting conditions were good with a satisfactory market demand.\nIn the Interior the largest grape plantings are in the Kelowna District. With\nregard to these plantings, B. Hoy, District Field Inspector, Kelowna, reports as\nfollows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094.\n\" The yield this year will be greater than in 1941. Most varieties, though late,\nset well this spring without frost damage, and no damage of consequence was reported\nfrom cutworms or other insects. Campbell's Early in some vineyards were lighter\nthan last year owing to poorer set.\n\" Grape mildew was more in evidence this year than ever before, but was confined\nalmost entirely to European varieties.\n\" Though the crop was heavier than in 1941, the quality, owing to the late start\nthis spring, was not so good as in some previous years. Harvesting weather was\nexcellent, but owing to labour shortage was not completed until the last week in\nOctober.\" DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 29\nHops.\nThere is little to report with regard to this crop. The principal acreage of\napproximately 1,400 acres is located in the Agassiz-Chilliwack area. The scattered\nsmall plantings of the Western Canada Hop Growers' Association, belonging to the\nJapanese, were in some cases operated by the large hop companies this year. A considerable portion of these plantings, however, received very little attention.\nWhile weather conditions during harvesting were satisfactory the yields in a\nnumber of cases were not so good as expected.\nTobacco.\nThis crop is now grown commercially only in the Fraser Valley. With regard to\nthe 1942 crop conditions, G. E. W. Clarke, District Horticulturist, reports as follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" The Sumas area continues to be the principal tobacco-growing area with approximately 400 acres this year, which is a reduction of about 240 acres. Early in the\nseason the apparent requirements for Virginia flue-cured leaf from this area would\nnot exceed 500,000 lb.\n\" The past season was not so favourable for the rapid growth and development as\nhas been usual. Some plantings are slightly down on the average yield, but present\nindications are that the quality of the leaf will be up to standard requirements. Buyers\nare now in the area but no agreement has been reached regarding prices or the\nshipment of the crop.\"\nSeed Production.\nAs pointed out in previous reports, there has been a marked increase in seed\nproduction in British Columbia since the beginning of the war in 1939. Furthermore,\ngrowers have been assisted by this Department in the appointment of J. L. Webster\nto supervise all seed-extension work. An excellent summary of the present seed-\nproduction work in the Province is given in the following extracts taken from the\n1942 report of Mr. Webster:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" Weather Conditions.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Weather conditions for seed crops and harvest during the\npast season were on the whole very satisfactory, except for the following:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\"(1.) Apparently the excessive rainfall of July affected pollination of some crops\nadversely. Onion-seed yields were reduced approximately 60 per cent, in the Grand\nForks area, apparently by rain which fell at the height of blooming, from July 27th to\n28th. In the Okanagan and Kamloops areas there was about 30 per cent, reduction in\ncrop. On the total it is estimated that the onion-seed crop has been reduced by\napproximately 40,000 lb.\n\" In addition, cauliflower-seed crops became infected with two diseases which,\naccording to the plant pathologists, are Alternaria sp. and Sclerotinia sp. These outbreaks can be chiefly attributed to the wet weather and the crop prospects were reduced\nby almost 40 per cent., or about 700 lb., by this condition.\n\"(2.) An excessively hot spell of weather occurring after the damp, cool weather\ngreatly reduced the yield of peas by blasting the blooms and abruptly stopping growth\nand podding. It has been estimated that the yield of the large Creston acreage of\npeas was reduced at least 30 per cent.\n\" Harvesting weather in all districts of the Province has been almost ideal and is\na great contrast to the disastrous harvest season of 1941.\n\" Past Yields and Current Estimates.\u00E2\u0080\u0094A complete compilation of yields of vegetable-seed produced in British Columbia in 1941 was submitted on March 17th, 1942.\nThe total value of vegetable-seed produced was $456,255.81 as compared with $153,608\nproduced in 1940. Mangel and sugar-beet are not included in the above total. The\nyield of mangel-seed in 1941 was 18,350 lb., valued at $4,587.50, as compared to 6,000\nlb., valued at $1,500, for 1940.\n\" Sugar-beet seed, a new crop, increased from about 1,200 lb. in 1940 to 226,225\nlb. in 1941, with a value of $18,098.\n\" Flower-seed, however, showed a reduction, with $12,773.73 produced in 1941 as\ncompared with $18,062.60 produced in 1940. X 30 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\n\" Preliminary estimates of the 1942 vegetable-seed crop prospects were submitted\nin detail on August 20th. The total for vegetable and root seed, not including sugar-\nbeet, was given at $858,717.50.\n\" Owing to the decline in crop prospects for onion, peas, and cauliflower seed, it is\nnow evident that the total value of the crops may be reduced by at least $100,000.\n\" Number of Growers.\u00E2\u0080\u0094We have endeavoured to maintain a record of all farmers\nin the Province growing vegetable-seed. At present the list, although not entirely\ncomplete, shows an increase from 150 growers in 1941 to about 250 this year. This\ndoes not include farmers growing peas and beans on contract for four independent\nfirms, of which there appear to be at least an additional 200.\n\" Growers' Equipment.\u00E2\u0080\u0094The equipment which has been recently purchased or constructed by growers in the Province has been considerable. This equipment may be\nroughly divided as follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\"(1.) Cleaners, threshers, special tools such as seeders, scarifiers, cultivators,\npullers, toppers, etc., the majority of which has been purchased.\n\"(2.) Seed barns, storages, drying equipment, trays, etc., principally constructed\nand which is now becoming a considerable investment.\n\" There are now at least twelve combines in use for threshing vegetable-seed\u00E2\u0080\u0094\neach with a value of approximately $1,000, in addition to threshers of factory and\nhome manufacture. There has been an increasing number of home-made threshers\nconstructed, some of which are most original and effective. There are now two vine-\nseed threshers in use which have meant a great saving in labour for this class of crop.\nThere are now more than fifty cleaning-mills in the Province in use in cleaning\nvegetable-seed crops.\n\" To the above one might add the equipment used by the large independent contractors for peas, beans, and sugar-beet, and which is a substantial investment.\n\" Trial Grounds.\u00E2\u0080\u0094A trial ground refers to a small area of land where various\nvarieties, strains, and selections are grown in standard plots. The purpose of the\nplantings is to obtain an accurate record of performance of each strain or stock in\ncomparison with others in the trials. A properly conducted trial ground is essential\nto primary producers of seed. It should be borne in mind, however, that its value is\nin direct proportion to the amount of accurate study and records taken during the\ngrowing season.\n\" The two main trial grounds in the Province are located at the University of\nBritish Columbia and the Experimental Station, Saanichton, and lesser trials on a few\ngrowers' farms.\n\"At the University our records show that 178 local samples of varieties or strains\nwere on trial in 1942. In addition, samples received from the Canadian Seed Growers'\nAssociation bring the total to well over 200.\n\"At the Summerland Experimental Station fifty-nine local samples are on trial as\nper our records, with an additional number received from the Canadian Seed Growers'\nAssociation.\n\" Visits were made to both trial grounds as often as time would allow and assistance given to the trial ground supervisors. However, the observations made plus the\nreports of those in charge of the trials have been very valuable in determining stocks\nwhich are unsuitable for propagation as well as noting others which would be more\nsuitable.\n\" More extensive trials are recommended with closer co-operation by fieldmen from\nthe various seed firms.\n\" Field-work.\u00E2\u0080\u0094This is a very important phase of our work and it consists of\nperiodic visits to seed-growers' farms throughout the Province. As previously reported,\nthere are now about 250 growers in the Province, the majority of whom are visited\nthree times each year. In view of the increasing number of growers in widely scattered areas it is now becoming impossible to contact each grower as often as should\nbe done.\n\" The primary purpose of field-work is to visit seed-growers' farms and advise\nthem on matters pertaining to seed production. This is a special type of work and a DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942.\nX 31\nwide range of information is required to advise on all the problems concerning the\nmany kinds and varieties being grown.\n\" Investigational Work.\u00E2\u0080\u0094A very large part of our work has been of an investigational nature. In the reviewing and constant studying of literature, together with\nobservations in the field, we have constantly been securing information which will\nassist seed-growers in technique of growing of the many kinds and varieties involved\nand with the many problems being encountered in all phases of production. This phase\nassumes importance when it is realized that many of the seed-crops are new to the\nProvince and methods have to be suggested and tried\u00E2\u0080\u0094modified and at times new\nmethods evolved.\n\" Seed Production Series.\u00E2\u0080\u0094This series of circulars dealing with information relating to the growing of seed-crops is progressing as time will allow. Each pamphlet\ndeals with specific vegetable-crops. Those completed so far are (1) Cabbage, (2)\nSpinach, (3) Cauliflower, (4) Parsnip, (5) Diseases, (6) Beet, (7) Carrot, (8) Turnip,\nand (9) Threshing and Cleaning.\n\" Onion and vine seed crops are now being compiled and others will follow this\nwinter.\n\" Prospects for 1943.\u00E2\u0080\u0094As contracts and orders for seed are still coming in in large\nvolume, the market apparently will continue to take all the vegetable-seed which can\nbe grown next year.\n\"As mentioned, growers are now becoming better equipped and will be in a position to deliver larger quantities than during the current year. Larger quantities of\nroots and bulbs have been grown which are being stored under ideal conditions.\n\" We therefore expect that the 1943 production of vegetable-seed may easily\nexceed $1,000,000 value to growers.\n\" Scarcity of labour on farms may be a limiting factor in determining the 1943\nproduction.\"\nFIELD INSPECTION WORK.\nFire-blight Inspection.\nFire-blight inspection-work was carried out in a manner similar to that of previous\nyears. The following table indicates the districts in which inspection-work was done\nand the acreage inspected:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nDistrict.\nTotal Acres\ninspected.\nInspected\nand passed.\nNot passed.\n201\n6,107\n5,000\n2,862\n802\n194\n5,982\n4,975\n2,843\n802\n7\n19\n14,972\n14,796\n176\nNursery Stock Inspection.\nThe principal nursery stock inspection is undertaken during the fall when digging\nof stock is being done and in the nursery yards in the spring previous to shipping.\nInspection is also carried out during the growing season in nursery plantings of stone-\nfruits with a view to checking up on the presence of virus diseases and elimination\nof same.\nPear Psylla Survey.\nThe pear psylla surveys carried out by Provincial, Dominion, and United States\nDepartment of Agriculture officials during the past two years in Southern Okanagan\nand Kootenay Districts were again carried out in 1942. The result of the 1942 survey\nis reported by R. P. Murray, District Field Inspector, Penticton, in the following\nstatement:\u00E2\u0080\u0094 X 32 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\n\" As a result of further scouting work by Canadian and American authorities,\npear psylla was found in over 100 orchards in the Oliver-Osoyoos District, as well as\nat Keremeos, Kaleden, and Penticton. Of all the orchards infested only one carried\na moderate amount of the pest, all the others being very light.\n\" In co-operation the Dominion Entomological staff and the Provincial Department\nundertook some trial sprays, using various types of oil with nicotine and rotenone,\nwhich were applied to the heaviest infected block with very satisfactory results. This\nspray was applied August 19th, and on several subsequent inspections very few adults\nor nymphs have been found. The weather was extremely hot when this spray was\napplied, which may account for the very excellent controls obtained. No damage was\nobserved from any of the oils used.\n\" As this pest is new to British Columbia orchards, and also to combat the numerous rumours that had spread amongst the growers, it was decided to call on W. A. Ross,\nhead of the Fruit Insect Investigation Branch at Ottawa, to visit the district and\nexamine the situation. This was done, and after a survey of the district Mr. Ross\naddressed a meeting of growers from the Oliver-Osoyoos District, outlining what he\nconsidered the situation to be and the probable control measures necessary. Several\nofficials of the United States services interested in pear psylla control were also present.\nThis meeting was held in Oliver on the evening of August 19th. It was very well\nattended with plenty of questions regarding pear psylla control; in addition it helped\n' to spike' a lot of rumours that were badly upsetting pear-growers in the Okanagan.\n\" Control measures are being drawn up for the growers' use, and also an extended\nprogramme of experimental work with various materials, some of which have not been\ntried on pear psylla. Whether this pest will cause as much trouble in the hot dry\nclimate of the Okanagan as in Eastern Canada and United States remains to be seen.\nIn any event, it is another pest for the grower to consider, which means additional\nexpense in pear production.\"\nPotato-beetle Inspection.\nDuring the past year the potato-beetle control-work in the East Kootenay areas\nwas under the supervision of I. J. Ward, a member of the Dominion Entomological\nstaff at Kamloops. This co-operative arrangement was most satisfactory to both\nDepartments and it is hoped that it will be possible to continue it in the future.\nIn the control-work carried out calcium arsenate lime dust was again used. From\nthe supplies which we were able to secure two years ago there is still sufficient left to\ncontinue the work next year. In addition to the regular control-work, Mr. Ward also\nconducted a few trials with several rotenone dusts. The results were so satisfactory\nthat further trial work will be carried out during the coming year, with a view to\nascertaining the possibility of using such dusts to replace the calcium arsenate lime\ndusts which have been in general use up to the present.\nBacterial Ring-rot Control.\nWith regard to the outbreak of this disease of potatoes in British Columbia, M. S.\nMiddleton, District Horticulturist, Vernon, reports as follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" This new disease for British Columbia was discovered at Salmon Arm on the\nSequoia variety, which is a new introduction brought in from North Carolina by B. G.\nHarrington three years ago. It is puzzling how the disease escaped the potato inspectors who had been keeping this variety under observation since its introduction.\nUndoubtedly, weather conditions were more favourable this season for the development\nof the disease and the wilting of the plants possibly took place earlier in the season.\nIn this stage the disease is quite easily observed. Your officials took immediate steps\nto have the disease eradicated and have made a survey of all those who have any of\nthis variety, and made certain that none would be used for seed purposes. Fortunately\nonly two growers outside of Mr. Harrington had any appreciable quantity of the\npotatoes, and these, in all about 11 tons, have all been stored in an isolated root-house\nat South Canoe and will be brought over to the Bulman plant at Vernon for dehydrating\nas soon as the drying of potatoes commences. The growers will get the dehydrator DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 33\nprice for these potatoes and the Department will transport them to Vernon and attend\nto all the disinfecting of the sacks, root-house, etc.\n\" The Department has had the fullest co-operation from Mr. Harrington as well as\nall other growers who had and were prizing their stocks of this potato.\"\nAs a step in the control of this disease the Department of Agriculture is putting\ninto effect regulations prohibiting the movement of imported potatoes into the Province\nunless such shipments are accompanied by a certificate indicating apparent freedom\nfrom bacterial ring-rot. Further regulations dealing with the control of this disease\nwill undoubtedly be introduced in the near future.\nHORTICULTURAL DEMONSTRATION-WORK.\nStrawberry Plant Selection.\nThis work is a continuation of similar work mentioned in previous reports. E. W.\nWhite, District Horticulturist, Victoria, is in charge and reports for this year as\nfollows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" This work as reported in previous years was carried out at the Dominion Experimental Station in conjunction with E. C. Reid, who left early in 1941 for duty overseas.\nAfter Mr. Reid's departure E. R. Hall took charge.\n\" The plot of British Sovereign which was set out in the spring of 1941 was allowed\nto go to runners for commercial distribution. Unfortunately, this plot was allowed to\nget very weedy in the fall and winter of 1941 and 1942. Nevertheless, between 15,000\nand 17,000 plants were dug and distributed to growers through the Saanich Fruit\nGrowers' Association.\n\" A considerable number of growers secured plants and although they were somewhat small they will serve as a source of runners for planting out in the spring of 1943.\nIt is intended to watch these new plantings next year and see how they compare with\nthe growers' own stocks.\"\nGreenhouse Tomato Variety Trials.\nThese trials have been carried out in the Victoria District under the supervision\nof E. W. White. His report follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" Most of the main greenhouse crop of tomatoes grown in the Victoria District\nthis year was of the Vetomold variety. It proved quite satisfactory, but results have\nshown that it is not immune to mildew or mould disease. A new strain of mould\nappears to have developed to which Vetomold is subject.\n\" After reporting to O. J. Robb, of Vineland Experiment Station, in August, 1941,\non the performance of Vetomold, he replied that the same conditions prevailed in\nOntario in relation to Vetomold. However, Mr. Robb forwarded two packets of seed\nof a new strain designated V 121, which was not claimed to be immune but highly\nresistant to all types of mould. This seed was given to Riddle Bros, and H. F. Creed\nfor trial as a spring crop in comparison with Vetomold.\n\" As stated by Mr. Robb, V 121 proved highly resistant to mould, much more so\nthan Vetomold. The fruit was equally as good as Vetomold. As a result of the fine\nperformance of V 121 as a spring crop Riddle Bros, decided to plant heavily to V 121\nas a fall crop. Another packet of seed was secured from O. J. Robb for this purpose.\nThis crop is being harvested at the present time and is proving very satisfactory. The\nhouses have been shut up for the past month to conserve fuel and heat and practically\nno serious mould infection has developed. Riddle Bros, intend to plant their entire\ncrop to V 121 for the spring crop next year.\"\nGround Sprays for the Control of Apple-scab.\nThis work was undertaken in the Salmon Arm District under the supervision of\nC R. Barlow, District Field Inspector. Mr. Barlow reports as follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" The ground spray experiment begun last year in Major C L. Armitage's orchard\nat South Canoe was continued this season in a modified form. The work is carried out\nin collaboration with G. S. Woolliams, Plant Pathologist at the Experimental Farm at X 34 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nSummerland, B.C. The object and details of the work have already been explained in\nyour Inspector's Annual Report for 1941. Results obtained last year demonstrated\nthat while a 1-per-cent. Elgetol solution applied on the ground in the ' green-tip' stage\ngave some measure of control, it alone could not be relied upon to effect efficient commercial control. It was indicated, however, that by using a modified programme of\nsummer lime-sulphur sprays in conjunction with it, commercial control might be\nsecured. This accordingly has been done this year. The orchard was divided into\nthree plots, one of which received the 1-per-cent. Elgetol ground spray only, one the\nground spray followed by lime-sulphur (1-60) in the ' pink ' stage, and one the ground\nspray followed by lime-sulphur (1-60) in both ' pink ' and ' calyx ' stages.\n\" In checking results, counts were made on two Mcintosh Red trees in each plot.\nAs last year, the check-plot was located in Mr. Simpson's orchard a quarter of a mile\ndistant.\n\" In examining these results the exceptionally favourable weather conditions which\nprevailed for the development of scab should be borne in mind. In Plot 1, 1 per cent.\nElgetol only, as last year, failed again to give commercial control. Plots 2 and 3, however, did, allowing for seasonal conditions, give results which may be regarded as\npromising, while Plot 4 (the check-plot) did not produce a single marketable apple.\n\" There appears to be reason to expect that, given average seasonal conditions,\nthe programmes carried out on Plots 2 and 3 would give good commercial control, and\nyour Inspector would suggest that with certain modifications the work be continued\nfor at least another year. It is worthy of note that in some of the commercial orchards\nwhere three or even four summer sprays were applied this year to control scab, the\nresults on Mcintosh Red were little, if any, better than those obtained on Plots 2 and 3.\"\nApple-scab Sprays.\nThe reports as submitted are a continuance of the reports dealing with the work\ncarried out in the Northern Okanagan and Kootenay Districts in previous years. H. H.\nEvans, District Field Inspector, Vernon, reports on the scab-spray work as undertaken\nthis year:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" This project continues the apple-scab control-work for the North Okanagan.\nThis season was the first in four years that scab infection was sufficiently severe in\nthe plot area that reliable comparative results were obtainable.\n\" The object aimed at was results to be obtained from use of standard materials\nand applications with varying quantities in the formula. Materials used were standard\nlime-sulphur, Sulphoron wettable, and calcium arsenate. Fluxit spreader was added to\nall sprays.\n\" A little sulphur shock was noticeable in the straight lime-sulphur plot following\nthe pre-pink and calyx sprays; this, however, was not serious. Following the cover-\nspray on June 16th and a long period of cool, humid conditions, a sudden change in the\nweather in early July brought a short period of intense heat. Sulphur burn developed\nin all plots during this period, nearly three weeks following application. Injury was\nconfined to the foliage and in severity affected the plots in the following order: 2, 1,\nand 3. A very slight russetting on odd apples need not be considered. (During the\nsame period most orchards of the district where sulphur sprays were used received\ninjury from slight to severe. The degree of injury appeared to coincide with the\nnumber of sprays applied and amount of materials used. Where pre-pink and calyx\nsprays only were used no injury occurred. The injury developed following the cover-\nspray and the degree seemed to be influenced by the strength of materials used and\ncloseness of application to the heat period. Under the above conditions our observations indicate that the wettable sulphurs used alone gave just as severe injury as lime-\nsulphur alone, or a combination of these materials.) DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942.\nX 35\n\" The following notes and table indicate the set-up and results on the plots :-\n\" Mcintosh\u00E2\u0080\u0094180 Trees.\nPlot.\nMaterials and Quantities.\nApples\ncounted.\nPer\nCent.\nCulls.\nPer Cent.\nScabbed\nbut\nMarketable.\nPer\nCent.\nClean.\nTotal.\n1\nLime-sulphur, 1-60 ; calcium arsenate, 5\nIb.-lOO ;\nplus\n2,000\n2,000\n2,000\n1,000\n0.0\n0.05\n0.2\n50.2\n1.0\n0.8\n2.3\n47.7\n99.0\n99.15\n97.45\n2.1\n100\n2\nPre-pink L.S., 1-100 ; Sulphoron, 8 Ib.-lOO ;\ncalcium arsen-\n100\n3\nIn calyx and cover same materials but\n5 Ib.-lOO\nFormula as for Plot 2, except only l/2 ga]\nSulphoron at\nL.S. in each\n100\n4\n100\n\" Sprays applied: Pre-pink, May 4th (weather cool, cloudy, windy) ; calyx, May\n23rd (weather hot, cloudy, windy) ; cover, June 16th (weather cool, cloudy, windy).\"\nAs to the work with apple-scab sprays in the Kootenay, E. C. Hunt, District\nHorticulturist, Nelson, reports as follows:'\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" The past season was one of the most favourable for the spread and development\nof apple-scab in the history of the district. The disease had been building up for the\npast two seasons under quite favourable spring and summer weather, so when 1942\ncame around the source of infestation was so great and weather conditions so unfavourable for spraying that most of the growers found it almost impossible to keep the\ndisease under control. Once the foliage and fruit became infected and later sprays\nwere applied severe foliage-injury occurred and a heavy drop in the fruit. However,\nnot all the drop and poor set was due to spray-injury. Weather conditions were very\nunfavourable for insect life and pollination of the fruit. When you consider a rainfall\nof over 12 inches for May and June you wonder how any fruit would set and how\ndifficult it was to carry out the apple-scab control-sprays. However, in one Willow\nPoint orchard where your assistant supervised spraying operations and equipment and\nspray material was always at hand on very short notice, fairly satisfactory control of\nthe disease was made under very unfavourable weather conditions. In all, four sprays\nwere applied of lime-sulphur, 1 gallon to 60 gallons of water plus 4 lb. of calcium\narsenate to 100 gallons of the spray mixture. Total apples on two trees were counted\n(medium crop but of small size) at picking-time, September 28th. Out of a total of\n3,890 apples, 2,863 were clean and free of scab, while 1,027 were scabby, or 73 per cent,\nclean fruit. The ones that were scabby were showing small scab spots and most of\nthem would qualify for Grade C fruit. Check and unsprayed trees were 100 per cent,\nscabby and were all culls.\"\nBee-repellent Sprays.\nThe following outline of the work done during the past summer in the application\nof bee-repellent sprays, and as carried out under the supervision of H. H. Evans, District Field Inspector, Vernon, is self-explanatory and needs no comment:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" During the past season, at the request of and in co-operation with W. H. Turn-\nbull, Provincial Bee Inspector, the North Okanagan Beekeepers' Association and W.\nParker, of Armstrong, officials in the Vernon office, conducted a series of tests with\nrepellent agents added to the arsenical sprays.\n\" The object of the experiment was an endeavour to find a cheap, safe and satisfactory repelling agent which could be added to codling-moth sprays over the first\nbrood spray period, at least in the Interior Districts where the heavy applications of\narsenicals required for control of codling-moth annually takes a heavy toll of the bee\npopulation in the orchard areas.\n\" W. Parker provided for the test a 5-acre block of more or less neglected orchard,\ncontaining apple and stone-fruit trees with ideal isolation from other orchard? X 36 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nF. Bettschen, of Vernon, provided ten colonies of bees consisting of one old and nine\n2-lb. package hives. W. H. Turnbull and one or more bee-keepers made inspections\nand your officials conducted spraying operations.\n\" The block was divided into two plots as follows: Plot 1: Arsenate of lead, 4 lb.;\ncrude carbolic acid, 2 oz.; water, 100 gallons. Plot 2: Arsenate of lead, 4 lb.; commercial creosote, 1 pt.; water, 100 gallons.\n\" The calyx and three cover-sprays were applied with spray-pump pressure at\n500 lb.\n\" Total Materials used.\nLead arsenate, 128 lb., $14.10; crude carbolic, 1 qt., 75 cents . $14.85\nCreosote, 2 gallons, $1.80; spreader, 8 lb., 72 cents 2.52\nLabour and machine 60.00\nTotal cost $77.37\n\" Results of this test appeared very satisfactory. The colonies were inspected\ntwenty-four hours prior to and twenty-four hours following spraying, for condition\nof the bees; no dead bees were found after any spray application. The apiary produced a total of 2,160 lb. of extracted honey as well as a hive carry-over. This information as reported by the Inspector appears to your assistant an excellent record.\nObservations made by your officials for evidence of spray-burn showed no indication of\nsuch throughout the period.\n\" Mr. Turnbull and the Bee Association members appear enthusiastic with results\nof this test, and have expressed a hope that the work may be continued in 1943 in an\norchard carrying a heavier stand of cover-crop.\"\nCelery Variety Trials.\nCelery variety trials were conducted in the Armstrong District. The work is\na continuation of the project started a number of years ago in an effort to ascertain\nthe most satisfactory type for commercial production. The trials have been under the\ndirect supervision of H. H. Evans, District Field Inspector, Vernon. Mr. Evans submits the following report on the 1942 trials:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" Seasonal conditions were subnormal. High summer precipitation resulted in\nflooding of the early plot series and supersaturation of the soil persisted throughout\nthe season and adversely affected all vegetable-crops on these peat-muck bottom-lands.\n\" Normal production methods were carried out by the operator, but these were\nseverely handicapped by climatic and soil conditions.\n\" Spring Crop.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Plots, 1/50 acre. Frame seeded, March 30th; field planted, April\n28th; records taken July 15th and July 29th.\n\" Stocks of Seed-house No. 1.\n\"Plot 1: Epicure (Semi-green).\u00E2\u0080\u0094July 15th: Head medium tall, medium heavy;\nstalk thick, ribbed, solid, brittle; good quality; odd seed heads. July 29th: Plot in\nvery good condition; 4 per cent, bolt; ready for market; medium bleach; 121-day\ncelery; good succession type. (Excellent.)\n\"Plot 2: Utah No. 10 (Green).\u00E2\u0080\u0094July 15th: Head tall, medium heavy, compact;\nstalk long, medium thick, smooth rib, slightly stringy; late variety. July 29th: Plot\nin good condition; medium suckering; odd plants bolted; not yet ready to market;\n135-to 140-day celery; good for late crop. (Very good.)\n\"Plot 3: Utah No. 99 (Green).\u00E2\u0080\u0094July 15th: Head tall, large, medium loose,\nmedium suckering; stalk long, medium thick, slight rib, brittle. July 29th: Plot in\nexcellent condition; late, not ready for market; odd plants bolted; stalk brittle; good\nquality; 135- to 145-day celery. (Very good.)\n\"Plot 4- Autumn King (Dark Green).\u00E2\u0080\u0094July 15th: Head tall, medium heavy;\nsuckering heavy; stalk long, thin medium rib, stringy; strong flavour; medium bolt.\nJuly 29th: Head tall, compact; stalk medium thick, stringy; flavour strong; 40 per\ncent, bolted; 140-to 150-day celery; not suited for early or mid-season cropping. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 37\n\" Stocks of Seed-house No. 2.\n\"Plot 5: Secaucus Green (Semi-green).\u00E2\u0080\u0094July 15th: Head medium tall, heavy;\nmedium compact; slight suckering; stalk thick, solid, brittle; heavy rib; good quality.\nJuly 29th: Plot in very good condition; odd plants bolted; head solid; brittle; good\nquality; ready for market; 120-day celery. (Very good.)\n\"Plot 6: Long Joint Wonderful (Yelloiv).\u00E2\u0080\u0094July 15th: Head medium tall, heavy,\ncompact; stalk large, solid, heavy rib, fairly stringy; quality very good. This plot\nseverely affected by flooding. July 29th: Crop in prime condition for shipping; good\nearly yellow; 5 per cent, bolted; 120-day celery. (Very good.)\n\" Plot 7: Colorado Experiment Station No. 6-4 (348-4) (Semi-green).\u00E2\u0080\u0094July 15th:\nHead short, thick, medium compact; slight suckering; stalk thick, coarse, heavy rib,\nstringy. July 29th: Ready for market semi-green; head too dwarf; thick and fairly\ncompact; stalk heavy; rib coarse; some stalks blown; fairly good quality. (Not\nsuitable.)\n\" Owing to supersaturated condition of the soil, no plot in the above series was\nable to give maximum performance.\n\" Fall Crop.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Plots, 1/40 acre. Frame seeded, May 22nd; field planted, June 15th;\nrecords taken September 26th and October 22nd.\n\"Stocks of Seed-house No. 1.\n\"Plot 1: Epicure (Semi-green).\u00E2\u0080\u0094September 26th: Head medium tall, medium\nheavy, medium open, light suckering; stalk brittle, solid, medium rib, thick; high\nquality; nearly ready for cutting. October 22nd: Plot in good condition; head\nmedium open; stalk medium long; solid, thick, very brittle; high quality. Digging\nfor market, average weight of trimmed head 1 lb. 5 oz. Slight leaf-spotting of late\nblight. 130-day celery. (Very good.)\n\"Plot 2: Utah No. 10 (Green).\u00E2\u0080\u0094September 26th: Head tall, heavy, compact,\nsmooth, heavy suckering; stalk medium thick, solid, brittle, smooth; good quality,\nslightly strong. October 22nd: Plot looks good; head tall, heavy, compact; stalk long,\nmedium heavy, solid, brittle; high quality; smooth rib; good for late crop; late\nblight medium heavy on foliage; 150-day celery; average weight of trimmed head\n1 lb. 14 oz. (Excellent.)\n\"Plot 3: Utah No. 99 (Green).\u00E2\u0080\u0094September 26th: Comparative in almost all\npoints with Plot 2; stalk slightly heavier rib. October 22nd: Plot in fine condition,\nexcept in slightly heavier rib of stalk, no comparative difference; average head weight\n1 lb. 14 oz. (Excellent.)\n\"Plot 4: Autumn King (Dark Green).\u00E2\u0080\u0094September 26th: Head medium tall,\nmedium size, open, heavy suckering; stalk medium size, solid, coarse rib. October\n22nd: Head medium tall, thin, open, very heavy suckering; stalk medium thick, solid,\nstringy, dark green; fair quality; late blight severe, running down stalks; average\nhead weight 1 lb. (Not suitable.)\n\" Stocks of Seed-house No. 2.\n\"Plot 5: Secaucus Green (Semi-green).\u00E2\u0080\u0094September 26th: Head medium tall,\nheavy, compact, slight suckering; stalk medium rib, thick, solid, very brittle; good\nquality; ready to dig. October 22nd: Head medium tall, heavy, compact; stalk thick,\nsolid, brittle; good quality; some heads completely blown; very slight late blight on\nleaf; 130-day celery; average weight of head 1 lb. 9 oz. (Very good.)\n\"Plot 6: Long Joint Wonderful (Yellow).\u00E2\u0080\u0094September 26th: Head medium tall,\ncompact, slight suckering; stalk thick, medium rib, solid, slightly stringy; good quality; ready for market. October 22nd: Remarks as for September 26th; late blight\nvery light; heads past best condition; 125-day celery; average weight of head 1 lb.\n10 oz. (Very good yellow.)\n\"Plot 7: Colorado Experiment Station No. 6-4 (348-4) (Semi-green).\u00E2\u0080\u0094September 26th: Head medium short, medium size, compact, heavy suckers; stalk fairly\nsmooth, medium thick, solid, fair quality. October 22nd: Head short, medium size,\ncompact; stalk not heavy, smooth, not brittle, stalk quite pithy; quality fairly good; late blight medium; average weight of heads 1 lb. 4 oz.; 130-day celery. (Not\nsuitable.)\n\" Growth conditions were far from ideal through soil saturation. Late blight\nattacking the plots also affected development. A quantity of heads from each plot,\nalso from the commercial growers' strain of Utah, have been placed in common storage\nat the Armstrong Packers' Warehouse for comparative records on keeping qualities,\nalso to check effect of late blight infection on storage quality. This is the first season\nit has been possible to obtain storage samples of these green types. Results of storage\ntest will be available for the 1943 report. With considerable information now available\nfrom several years' work with celery varieties, we would suggest for the present that\nthis project be discontinued.\"\nLettuce Variety Trials.\nH. H. Evans, District Field Inspector, Vernon, who has had charge of this work\nsince its inception, has issued the following report on the past season's trials:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" This project continues several years' work in variety testing of lettuce in the\nArmstrong District. The objects have been improvement of the commercial crops by\nstudying many varieties of head-lettuce as to their adaptability under Interior conditions on the North Okanagan muck soils. Quality, yield, shipping qualities, and\nresistance to heat, frost, and diseases have been the main points of study.\n\" The many varieties and strains tested have provided a great deal of information\nwhich has been of value to both producer and shipper. A number of varieties have\nproven adaptable for either spring, summer, or fall cropping. With the present data\navailable to producers, it would appear advisable to discontinue the project for the\npresent or until further problems of production in varieties become evident.\n\" Spring Crop.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Plots, V4() acre each. Frame seeded, March 30th; field planted,\nApril 28th; records taken, June 15th.\n\" United States Department of Agriculture Stocks.\n\"Imperial No. 456, Stock No. 10899m.\u00E2\u0080\u0094June 15th: Plant low growing, open;\nhead small, round, compact; good form; texture medium coarse; quality good; late\ndeveloping; mixed type; 60 per cent, fit to cut; 5 to 6 dozen per crate; no tip-burn\nor slime. (Very good.)\n\"Great Lakes, No. 14787m.\u00E2\u0080\u0094June 15th: Plant low growing, spreading; type\nmixed; head medium size, uniform, compact; very firm; texture good; slightly bitter;\n75 per cent, fit to cut; 5 dozen per crate; no tip-burn or slime. (Very good.)\n\" U.S.D.A. No. 15461m.\u00E2\u0080\u0094June 15th: Plant large, strong growth; head large,\nfilled, not solid; texture coarse; quality fair to good; 50 per cent, fit to cut; 4 dozen\nper crate; too large; no tip-burn; basal rot severe. (Fair.)\n\" U.S.D.A. No. 13744m.\u00E2\u0080\u0094June 15th: Plant low growing, compact; excellent type;\nhead medium size, good form, filled and firm; late developing; all will cut; texture\nvery good; high quality; 60 per cent, fit to cut; 5 dozen per crate; no tip-burn or rot.\n(Excellent.)\n\" U.S.D.A. No. 14593m.\u00E2\u0080\u0094June 15th: Plant low growing, compact; Iceberg type;\nhead medium size, good form, filled and firm, but not solid; texture and quality very\ngood; early; fit to cut June 9th; 80 per cent, fit to cut; 5 dozen per crate; tip-burn\nand basal rot light to medium. (Excellent, but not suitable in this area.)\n\"U.S.D.A. No. 12149M.\u00E2\u0080\u0094June 15th: Plant large, low growing, strong; head\nmedium large, heavy coarse texture, filled but not solid; quality good; 50 per cent, fit\nto cut; late developing; 4 to 5 dozen per crate; no tip-burn or slime. (Fair to good.)\n\"Stocks of Seed-house No. 1.\n\"Imperial No. 847, Stock S/N 405498.\u00E2\u0080\u0094June 15th: Plant low growing; medium\nlarge, compact; head round; good type; very solid, uniform, even filling, texture and\nquality very good; 80 per cent, fit to cut; 4 to 5 dozen per crate; no tip-burn or basal\nrot. (Excellent.)\n\" New York No. 199, Stock S/N 385541.\u00E2\u0080\u0094June 15th: Plant low growing, medium\nsize, compact, good type; head round, uniform, solid, even filling; texture and quality DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 39\nvery good; 90 per cent, fit to cut; 5 dozen per crate; no tip-burn; slight basal rot;\nfit to cut June 10th. (Excellent.)\n\"Imperial No. -4-4, Stock S/N 415642.\u00E2\u0080\u0094June 15th: Plant low growing, small,\ncompact; head medium size, round, uniform; filled and firm, not quite solid, later\ndeveloping; texture and quality very good; 70 per cent, fit to cut; 5 to 6 dozen per\ncrate; no tip-burn; slight basal rot. (Excellent.)\n\" Rocho, Stock S/N 415652.\u00E2\u0080\u0094June 15th: Plant low growing, medium small, compact, Iceberg type; head medium size, round, well filled and firm, not solid; texture\nsoft; quality very good; 95 per cent, fit to cut; 5 to 6 dozen per crate; early; fit to\ncut June 8th; no tip-burn or rot; good for local home market. (Very good.)\n\" Stocks of Seed-house No. 2.\n\"Imperial No. 941.\u00E2\u0080\u0094June 15th: Plant large, spreading, good type; head medium\nlarge, good form, well filled, firm but not solid; texture and quality excellent; 95 per\ncent, fit to cut; 4 to 5 dozen per crate; no tip-burn or slime; early; fit to cut June\n10th. (Excellent.)\n\" Summerland Stock.\n\"Sweetheart.\u00E2\u0080\u0094June 15th: Plant large, uniform good type; head medium large,\nuniform, good form, well filled, firm but not solid; texture slightly coarse; quality\nvery good; 60 per cent, fit to cut; 4 to 5 dozen per crate; no tip-burn or slime. (Very\ngood.)\n\" Fall Crop.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Frame seeded, July 5th; field planted, July 25th; records taken,\nSeptember 26th. Plots contained 50 plants each.\n\" United States Department of Agriculture Stocks.\n\"Imperial No. 456, Stock No. 10899m.\u00E2\u0080\u0094September 26th: Plant large, spreading;\nhead large, good form, filled and solid; texture slightly coarse, crisp; quality good;\n80 per cent, fit to cut; no rots; frost-injury medium on cover-leaves only. (Very\ngood.)\n\" Great Lakes, Stock No. 14787m.\u00E2\u0080\u0094September 26th: Plant medium size, spreading; type mixed; head medium size, good form, filled, solid; texture and quality very\ngood; 90 per cent, fit to cut; size 5 dozen per crate; no frost-injury or rots.\n(Excellent.)\n\"U.S.D.A. No. 15461M.\u00E2\u0080\u0094September 26th: Plant medium large, strong growth,\nlate developing; head medium large, filled, compact, fairly solid; texture coarse,\nquality good; 75 per cent, fit to cut; 4 to 5 dozen per crate; not rots; slight frost-\ninjury on cover-leaves. (Very good.)\n\" U.S.D.A. No. 13744M.\u00E2\u0080\u0094September 26th: Plant low growing, medium size, good\ntype; heads medium size, good round form, well filled and solid, uniform; texture and\nquality very good; 95 per cent, fit to cut; 5 dozen per crate; no rots; slight frost-\ninjury on cover-leaves. (Excellent.)\n\" U.S.D.A. No. 14593M.\u00E2\u0080\u0094September 26th: Plant low growing, medium size; Iceberg type; head filled, not firming, inclined to bolt; texture and quality very good;\n20 per cent, fit to cut; 5 dozen per crate; no rots; slight frost on cover-leaves. (Not\nsuitable here.)\n\" U.S.D.A. No. 12149M.\u00E2\u0080\u0094September 26th: Plant low growing, medium large, open,\npointed type; heads medium large, filled but not solid, uneven growth; texture and\nquality good; 30 per cent, fit to cut. No. 2, 5 to 4 dozen per crate; slight frost on\ncover-leaves. (Not suitable here.)\n\"Stocks of Seed-house No. 1.\n\" Imperial No. 847, Stock S/N 405498.\u00E2\u0080\u0094September 26th: Plant large, open growth,\ngood type; head large, filled and fairly solid, uniform; texture and quality very good;\n80 per cent, fit to cut; 4 to 5 dozen per crate, mostly 4's; no rots; frost-injury medium\non cover-leaves. (Very good.)\n\" Neiv York No. 199. Stock S/N 385541.\u00E2\u0080\u0094-September 26th: Plant large, open\ngrowth; head large, very loose and bolting; frost-injury medium severe. (Not\nsuitable for fall crop.) X 40 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\n\" Imperial No. -M, Stock S/N 415642.\u00E2\u0080\u0094September 26th: Plant medium large, uniform, compact; head medium size, good type and form, well filled, solid; texture and\nquality very good; 90 per cent, fit to cut; 4 dozen per crate; no rots; frost-injury\nslight on cover-leaves. (Excellent.)\n\" Rocho, Stock S/N 415652.\u00E2\u0080\u0094September 26th: Plant low growing, Iceberg type,\nmedium size, compact; head small, well filled, firm to solid; texture soft, quality good;\n80 per cent, fit to cut; 5 to 6 dozen per crate; heads bolting, could have been cut\nearlier; no rots; frost-injury slight on cover-leaves. (Good for home use or local\nmarket.)\n\" Stocks of Seed-house No. 2.\n\"\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 Imperial No. 94.\u00E2\u0080\u0094September 26th: Plant low growing, medium size, compact,\nvery late developing; heads medium size, filling and firming; good quality and texture;\nnone fit to cut; frost-injury slight on cover-leaves. (Not suitable for fall crop.)\n\" Summerland Stock.\n\"Sweetheart.\u00E2\u0080\u0094September 26th: Plant large, strong growth, fairly compact; head\nlarge, good form and type, uniform, filled, firm, but not solid; texture and quality\ngood; some heads bolting; 75 per cent, fit to cut; 4 to 5 dozen per crate, mostly 4's;\nno rots; frost-injury medium on cover-leaves. (Very good.)\n\" Note.\u00E2\u0080\u0094The past season has not been favourable for the best performance ol\"\nlettuce. This was noticeable in the commercial crops as well as the test plots. The\nexperience gained in watching and recording performance of the same varieties under\nthe variable climatic conditions of several seasons has been very valuable. This is\nnow available and will prove very useful to the commercial producers of this area.\n\" For the continued assistance and co-operation over the past several years in\nprocuring and supplying for testing purposes the many varieties and strains of both\nlettuce and celery seed, your assistant desires to express his sincerest appreciation to\nthe Ferry Morse Seed Co. of California; Waldo Rohnert Seed Co. of California; Associated Seed Growers of California; F. H. Woodruff Seed Co., Connecticut; and Dr.\nT. W. Walker, of the U.S.A. Horticultural Field Division. The great interest displayed by these individuals and firms in providing many new strains has enabled the\ntesting trials to establish suitability under our conditions of many of the improved\nintroductions, thereby making them available to producers at the earliest possible date\nand with reasonable assurance of their satisfactory performance.\"\nSweet Corn Trials.\nFor a number of years the testing of sweet corn varieties and hybrids has been\nundertaken in the Okanagan. In the Vernon District, where these trials are carried\nout, the work is in charge of H. H. Evans, District Field Inspector. A report on the\n1942 trials is herewith submitted:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" The season as a whole was good for corn production, though cool, wet conditions\nin the early growth period retarded development. Excellent cultural practices by the\noperator ensured maximum performance of the plots.\n\" Injury sustained by all low-cobbing varieties from depredations of pheasants\nwould indicate a definite limitation to commercial adaptability in districts where these\nbirds are plentiful. From observations each season it has been noted that injury\noccurs to any variety producing its cobs below 30 inches from the ground; the lower\ncobs are borne, the greater the damage.\n\" Plots were ylCl0 acre each; hill planted, spacing 40 by 24 inches; twenty-five hills\nchecked in each plot. Quality and rating, maximum 10 points for each. Seeded, May\n4th. Records taken August 3rd and 14th. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942.\nX 41\n\" Sweet Corn Comparison Table.\nVariety.\nHeight.\nType and Colour.\nYield in\nCobs\nper Hill.\nReady for\nFresh\nMarket.\nQuality,\n10.\nRating,\n10.\nOttawa Hybrids.\nPickaninny, O.B. 829.\n4 ft.\nCobs short, core med., low set, well filled,\n8-rowed; grain deep, med. large, little\nsugar; quality fair, white and purple\ncolour ; pheasant damage severe\n4.4\nAug. 1\n6.5\n7.5\nDorinny, O.C 184\n4 ft. 8 in.\nCobs med. low set, med. long, small core,\n8-rowed, well filled; grain rich, fair\nsugar, good depth, med. size, skin tender,\npale yellow ; slight pheasant damage\n5.1\nAug. 1\n8.5\n9.0\nDorick, O.C. 790\t\n4 ft. 6 in.\nCobs med. low set, med. long, large, core\nmed., 10-12 rowed, well filled; grain\nsmall, med. shallow, tender, rich, good\nsugar and quality, skin pale yellow;\nslight pheasant damage\n4.4\nAug. 8\n8.5\n9.0\n3 ft. 6 in.\n3.2\nAug. 6\n8.0\n8.5\nmed., 10-12 rowed, fair filling; Grain\npale yellow, shallow, small, tender, rich,\nsweet, good quality; pheasant damage\nheavy\nO.C. 804 \t\n4 ft. 3 in.\nCobs low set, small, short, core small, fair\nfilling, 8-rowed ; grain pale yellow, small,\nshallow, tender, rich, sweet, good quality;\nmed. pheasant damage\n3.6\nAug. 8\n8.0\n8.0\nO.C. 810\t\n5 ft.\n3.3\nAug. 6\n9.5\n8 0\nfair filling; grain pale yellow, large,\ndeep, rich, sweet, very tender, high\nquality; no damage\nGilgold, O.C. 785\t\n4 ft. 6 in.\n2.8\nAug. 8\n7 5\n6.0\ncore med., fair filling; grain yellow, size\nand depth med., sugar, richness; quality\nfair, slightly tough\nSwiftgold, O.C. 783 ...\n4 ft.\nCobs low set, long, large, med. core, well\nfilled, 10-rowed; grain yellow, large, shallow, rich, sweet, good quality, slightly\ntough ; pheasant damage medium\n2.5\nAug. 8\n8.0\n8.5\n6 ft\n3.0\n7 5\nrowed, fair filling; grain yellow, large,\nshallow, med. sugar and richness; quality\nFrom Stocks on Hand.\nfair to good, skin slightly tough\nGoldban \t\n5 ft. 3 in.\nCobs med. high set, size and length med.,\nsmall core, 8-rowed, well filled; grain\ngolden, med. size, deep, rich, sweet,\ntender ; quality excellent\n4.0\nAug. 6\n10.0\n10.0\n6 ft. 6 in.\n3.1\nAug 8\nsmall, 8-rowed, well filled; grain golden,\nmed. size, deep, rich, sweet, tender;\nquality very good\nTopcross Bantam\n7 ft.\nCobs very high set, med. size, long, late,\ncore small, well filled; grain yellow,\nmed. size, deep, rich, sweet, tender,\nquality high, 10-rowed\n3.9\nAug. 15\n9.0\n10.0\nGolden Bantam\t\n6 ft.\nCobs high set, med. size and length, core\nsmall, 8-rowed, late; grain golden, rich,\nsweet, high quality, skin slightly tough ;\ngrain large, deep, well filled\n3.9\nAug. 12\n9.0\n10.0\n7 ft.\n4.5\n9.0\n10.0\nform, core small; grain med. size and\ndepth, yellow, rich, sweet, high quality,\nskin slightly tough, well filled\nGolden Early Market\n5 ft. 2 in.\nCobs med. high set, large, long, well filled,\ncore large; grain yellow, large, med.\ndepth, med. rich and sugar, good quality,\nskin slightly tough\n3.5\nAug. 6\n8.0\n9.0 X 42 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\n\" In the quality and rating columns it will be noted the hybrid O.C. 810 appears to\nrate low in comparison to its quality. The reason is an apparent habit of the plant to\nproduce early a very few perfect cobs, then later a secondary set which fill poorly and\nare of poor form. Being the first year of testing this strain it is not possible to state\nif this is a definite habit or was influenced by seasonal conditions. There are many fine\nvarieties and hybrids contained in this series.\"\nCodling-moth Control.\nThe work dealing with codling-moth control has been reported in many of the\nprevious reports submitted by this Branch. Efficient and economical control of this\npest is the ultimate object not only of Provincial but Dominion officials as well.\nThis entails a study of the best methods of application of sprays as well as the most\nsatisfactory spray materials to use. This work is carried out in different districts\nwith the major portion of the work being undertaken in the Kelowna District. The\nfollowing report on codling-moth control, prepared by B. Hoy, District Field Inspector,\ngives an excellent review of the whole situation:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" The late summer and fall of 1941 was cool and wet and the second brood was not\nas heavy as normal. For this reason the carry-over of worms was probably less than\nin former years. Coupled with fewer overwintering worms the spring and early\nsummer was not favourable to worm activity and the first brood was in most locations\nnot difficult to control. Difficulty in spraying owing to wind and frequent rain throughout the first-brood period was experienced in all districts. The need for more equipment was brought home to many growers more forcibly than ever. Unfavourable\nweather for moth activity, however, saved the situation.\n\" Owing to the cool weather in spring and the late first brood, second-brood worms\nwere later than normal and not so numerous. Good spraying weather prevailed\nthroughout the second-brood period and generally control was better than for many\nyears.\n\" Materials recommended for codling-moth spraying were the same as in 1941.\nMore Black Leaf 155 and oil was used than in any previous year, but the acreage\nsprayed with the material was very small. Two or three growers used a lead and oil\nmixture in one or two first-brood sprays for the first time. These two mixtures are\nconsiderably more expensive than the ordinary arsenate of lead or cryolite plus fluxit\nspreader and probably will not come into general use unless conditions become worse\nthan at the present time.\n\" As last year, a bulletin was prepared on codling-moth control early in the season,\nand through the courtesy of the Tree Fruit Board mailed to each grower. This bulletin\nwas followed by regular broadcasts over CKOV, giving spraying information throughout the codling-moth season.\n\" At the Hart orchard in East Kelowna further tests were made by the Dominion\nEntomological Branch in co-operation with this Department on the effectiveness of\nnatural cryolite compared with the synthetic material, also of the effectiveness of\nvarious nicotine bentonite oil mixtures. Dr. Marshall has prepared a report on this\nwork which is attached to this report.\n\" In the Keloka orchard further tests were made by this Department in co-operation with the Dominion Entomological Department with various commercial spreaders,\nin standard sprays of arsenate of lead and cryolite. Synthetic and natural cryolite\nwere compared in late sprays and Phenothiazene and oil.\n\" Assistance was given to the Dominion Department in checking damage to trees\nwhere various strengths of oil and dinitrocresol had been anplied to destroy overwintering codling-moth. This experiment is located on the Dominion Substation at\nEast Kelowna and the main purpose is to find out what strengths and quality of oil may\nbe safely used in trunk spraying for codling-moth. No damage could be detected even\nwhere 100-per-cent. oil was used on the trees treated last year from general observation\nof growth. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 43\n\" The main facts brought out by this year's work with codling-moth are that:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\"(Ik) Synthetic and natural cryolite combined with a fluxit type spreader are\nabout equal in effectiveness and compare pound for pound favourably with arsenate of\nlead in similar mixture.\n\"(2.) Calcium arsenate, 5 lb. plus 2% lb. of lime plus 1% lb. of zinc sulphate per\nhundred, compares favourably with the standard spray mixture of 3% lb. of arsenate\nof lead plus % lb. of fluxit type spreader.\n\"(3.) Phenothiazene in 1941 and 1942 gave consistently better results than\narsenate of lead and fluxit when used at one-half the strength of arsenate of lead.\n\"(4.) Nicotine bentonite and oil (Dominion Entomological Branch formula) was\nequal pound for pound with arsenate of lead.\n\"(5.) Arsenate of lead or cryolite plus oil are more effective than without the\naddition of oil.\n\"(6.) Trunk sprays with dinitrocresol and oil and moth sprays with sodium salts\nof dinitrocresol added to the standard summer spray mixtures offer promise in more\neffective codling-moth control.\"\nHormone Sprays.\nSome work with hormone sprays has been mentioned in previous reports. Apparently it has possibilities, particularly when used on varieties of apples that have a\ntendency to drop just prior to the most satisfactory picking period. The following is\na brief report on some work done in the Penticton District during the past season by\nR. P. Murray, District Field Inspector:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" A hormone spray to keep apples from falling was tried on ten Mcintosh trees at\nPenticton. This material was applied September 11th and was well tested in a very\nheavy wind September 15th. As soon as the trees had been sprayed, all windfalls were\ngathered up so the ground underneath would show any fresh dropping. Under the\nten trees sprayed and before picking commenced the apples were again gathered, which\namounted to 1% boxes of fresh windfalls. Apparently this material worked quite\nsatisfactorily if applied during the warm weather and has beneficial effects for about\nten days to two weeks. This should make the material quite valuable to Mcintosh\ngrowers by holding the fruit on the trees during the critical period just prior to\npicking. There is a danger, of course, that where this material is used the fruit may\nbe held on the trees past a suitable stage of maturity for storage and consumption, in\ntrying to obtain better colour.\"\nMealy-bug Control.\nThe mealy bug is found in a few scattered sections of the Okanagan Horticultural\nDistrict but is widely distributed in the Kootenays. Here it is found in practically all\norchard areas extending from Nelson to Creston. The work undertaken in the past in\ntrying to establish satisfactory measures of control has been given in detail in previous\nreports. The 1942 report of E. C. Hunt, District Horticulturist, Nelson, gives his\nobservations and recommendations for the control of this pest:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" This insect is still very troublesome and seems hard to keep under control. The\npast season was quite a favourable one for the mealy bug, more or less a season of even\ntemperatures, no long hot spell, and plenty of moisture. Your assistant did not carry\nout any control sprays for this insect this past season but did do a lot of checking up on\ngrower-spraying operations. To control this insect a very thorough spraying is\nrequired in the dormant or delayed dormant stage after the immature mealy bugs have\nleft their wintering cocoons and moved to the twigs and fruit-spurs to feed. A warm\nsunny day with no wind is the ideal weather for spraying for this insect. Growers\nwere not any too successful with the control of the mealy bug this past season. This\nwas partly due to poor spraying equipment but in most cases to faulty application.\nThorough spraying is quite expensive but is the cheapest in the end. Material recommended for the control of this insect is a 4-per-cent. dormant oil of a 110 viscosity type\nor a 4- to 6-per-cent. oil of 44 viscosity (Diesel oil). A 6-per-cent. application of the\nDiesel oil has been as effective as a 4-per-cent. application of 110 viscosity oil and the\ncost is only about two-thirds as much. A 4-per-cent. Diesel oil has also proven very X 44 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\neffective in the control of the mealy bug under a two-year test, but it is thought now\nafter checking up on the growers' spraying operations this past season that the 6-percent. Diesel oil should be recommended in place of the 4-per-cent. Diesel as we feel that\nthe average grower will get better control with the stronger mixture in case of less\nuniformity of application.\"\nCover Crops and Fertilizers.\nThe study of orchard production takes into consideration the question of the\nmaintenance of plant food in the soil through the application of fertilizers, both\norganic and inorganic, and the use of cover-crops of various kinds. The officials of this\nBranch have from time to time reported on the various fertilizer and cover-crop\ndemonstration plots which have been established in different sections.\nIn the Salmon Arm District a type of mulching is being followed that may prove\nof advantage in that area where natural summer moisture is limited and no irrigation-\nwater available. This work was reported on last year and the work carried out in 1942\nis again reported on by C. R. Barlow, District Field Inspector, as follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" The object of this experiment is explained in the annual report for 1941. The\nblock of trees on which the work is being carried out is located in Mrs. M. Scott's\norchard at Salmon Arm, and consists of ninety-six full-bearing apple-trees of Wealthy\nand Mcintosh Red varieties, approximately 1% acres.\n\" The block is divided into two plots of eighty and sixteen trees respectively. On\nthe eighty-tree plot alfalfa is being applied as a mulch and on the sixteen-tree plot\nclean cultivation practice is being followed. A plan of the block has been made and\ndata are being recorded with regard to vigour (as indicated by terminal growth and\nfoliage condition), yield per tree, quality of fruit, and trunk circumferences. Soil-\nmoisture and humus determinations have also been made. Records are being kept of\nthe quantity and value of the alfalfa used for mulching, also the cost of applying it to\nthe orchard. From the nature of the work it is clear that before any definite conclusions as to the merits or demerits of either system can be arrived at it will be necessary to continue observations and the collection of data over a period of several years.\nYour Inspector wishes to acknowledge the valuable assistance which has been rendered\nin this work by J. C. Wilcox, Horticulturist at the Experimental Farm, Summerland,\nwho has kindly made soil-moisture and humus determinations, also many useful suggestions as to procedure.\"\nIn the Vernon District the cover-crop work is twofold in its objective, as explained\nby Mr. Evans in the following extract from his report:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" This project laid down in the spring of 1941 in an 8-acre Mcintosh block of aged\ntrees is dual in purpose: (1) To obtain data on tree reaction and soil-building properties of various cover-crop plants; (2) as a medium for the Dominion Entomological\nstaff in studying the environmental preference of codling-moth larvae in hibernation.\n\" The series contains plots of sweet clover, alfalfa, wild white clover, and mixed\ngrasses. All of the crops are well established. A portion of the wild white clover plot\nwith a thin stand was reseeded last spring. No information is yet available from the\npest-control standpoint.\"\nWith regard to cover-crop work in the Penticton District, R, P. Murray, District\nField Inspector for that area, reports as follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" The work that was started three years ago was continued again this season, using\nbarley, spring wheat, and oats for the annual crop, while observations only were made\non the sweet clover and alfalfa that was drilled in last year and left until this season\nbefore disking under. Seeding was made on May 20th, due to the backward spring and\nthe difficulty of getting the seed-bed prepared. However, with abundant rains, all crops\nmade a heavy growth and were disked down early in Julv. The oats again outyielded\nboth the barley and spring wheat, which in turn outyielded spring rye and fall wheat,\ntwo crops which had been dropped from the cover-crop programme. The sweet clover\nand alfalfa, seeded in drills in 1941, have given quite a heavy stand in spite of competition from chickweed and shade. The sweet clover was approximately 5 feet high\nthroughout the plot before disking and the alfalfa 30 inches. The results with the\ndrilled alfalfa and sweet clover are so promising that it is intended to make a further DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942.\nX 45\ntrial with this method of seeding next spring. It is interesting to report at this time\nthe improved physical condition of the soil where these trials are being held.\n\" Sainfoin was again tried as an orchard cover-crop. In spite of a very well prepared seed-bed, abundant moisture, and inoculated seed, the results were disappointing.\nThe stand was so light and uneven, it was disked down in late July. This is the second\ntrial with this crop and with the same results. It is being dropped from the cover-crop\nprogramme.\"\nIn the case of commercial fertilizers, some work has been done in different sections.\nThe most extended programme has been carried out in the Kelowna area. The results\nvary with the soil and general cultural conditions. The work will be continued,\nalthough up to the present no outstanding results have been obtained.\nTarnished Plant Bug Control.\nDusting and spraying for the control of this insect was undertaken in the Summer-\nland and Penticton areas. In the Summerland area the results were inconclusive as the\ninsect did not appear in sufficient numbers to do damage even in unsprayed orchards.\nIn the Penticton-Osoyoos area the situation was somewhat similar to that in\nSummerland. The situation is best explained by Mr. Murray in his report on this\nwork:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" The purchase of a dusting-machine by the Department enabled this office to carry\nout rather extended trials on the control of tarnished plant bug in peaches this season.\nPlots were laid out at Osoyoos and Penticton where the varieties were largely Rochester\nand Vedette, varieties susceptible to tarnished plant bug injury. At Osoyoos a block\nof about 233 7-year-old trees was divided into two. One half received an application\nof dust in the full pink stage and both areas were again dusted at petal fall. In the\nPenticton District the block consisted of 150 trees, about half Rochester and half\nVedette. This area was dusted in the full pink stage and again at petal fall. Possibly\ndue to weather conditions, it was impossible to obtain any data on the value of the dusts\nused. The plots were checked at thinning time or when the peaches were about the\nsize of a pigeon's egg. As there was less than 1 per cent, tarnished plant bug damage\non both the treated and untreated areas it was not considered that these trials were of\nany value and it will be necessary to repeat this work during the coming season.\n\" At Osoyoos eighty-four trees were dusted April 11th with Pyrocide and thirty-two\ntrees with Rotox, using 75 lb. of Pyrocide dust and 35 lb. of Rotox dust respectively.\nThe blossom buds were in the full balloon stage at this time with a few open. On May\n5th, the same trees were again dusted with the same materials, but an additional eighty-\nfour trees were used in the Pyrocide trials and thirty-three trees added to the Rotox\nblock. This required 100 lb. of Pyrocide and 50 lb. of Rotox. The blossoms were about\n95 per cent, fallen. This works out at 1.12 lb. of Pyrocide and 1.9 lb. of Rotox dust\nper tree for the first application and 0.6 lb. of Pyrocide and 0.9 lb. of Rotox for the\nsecond applications. It is rather difficult to explain the difference in amount of dust\nused. Weather conditions may have played a part but probably more efficient handling\nof the dusting-machine for the second application is the main reason.\n\" At Penticton two different lots of trees were used, one of 100 trees were given\ntwo dustings with Pyrocide and fifty trees with Rotox. This block included a few\nyoung trees just coming into bearing as well as some trees that had been dehorned;\n75 lb. of Pyrocide were used and 50 lb. of Rotox for the two applications. They were\napplied April 15th and May 7th. The varieties were Rochester, Vedette, J. H. Hale,\nand Victor.\n\" The other block consisted of sixty trees, mostly Rochester, of a uniform size and\nin good bearing; 50 lb. of Pyrocide and 25 lb. of Rotox were used in this trial.\n\" In addition to the 300 lb. of Pyrocide and 250 lb. of Rotox supplied by the Department, 495 lb. of Pyrocide dust purchased by individual growers was also applied, or a\ntotal of 795 lb. of Pyrocide and 250 lb. of Rotox was applied by the Departmental duster\nthis season.\n\" Unfortunately for the trial work, no damage from tarnished plant bug was\nexperienced this season in any part of the district.\" X 46 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nPruning Demonstrations.\nInstructional work in pruning was carried out in the different horticultural areas\naccording to the need. In some sections a group would meet with the instructor and\nspend a day in being shown the best methods of pruning tree and small fruits, as well\nas the details of top-working. In other sections it would mean that the district man\nwould call at a grower's orchard and advise him with regard to some pruning problem.\nThe following table indicates briefly the pruning demonstration-work for the\npast year. No of Demon- No. of\nDistrict. strations. Pupils.\nIslands : 20 425\nLower Mainland 22 542\nOkanagan 6 25\nTotal 48 992\nRaspberry Variety Trials.\nIn the various horticultural districts many new varieties of raspberries are being\ntried out in order to ascertain their commercial possibilities. One outstanding variety\nthat is favourably commented upon from all sections is the Washington. This variety\noriginated at the Western Washington Experimental Station, Puyallup, Washington,\nand was introduced into British Columbia for trial two years ago. At the same time\nanother variety was secured from the same station. This was the Tahoma. It does\nnot, however, seem to give the same general satisfaction as the Washington.\nSPRAY ZONES. ,\nThe spray zone policy of the Department was first started about fifteen years ago.\nThere are still one or two zones in existence that were amongst the first established.\nGenerally speaking, however, the majority of the spray zones have been discontinued or\ntheir regulations are in abeyance for an indefinite period.\nLast spring a new one was organized in the Creston area and is known officially as\nthe \" Creston-Erickson Spray Zone.\"\nSpray zones have, in the opinion of your Horticulturist, outlived their usefulness.\nThe grower of to-day who wishes to stay in the orcharding business needs to inspect\nhis spraying equipment, assure himself that it is able to do the work required, then\napply the necessary sprays thoroughly. The future success of orcharding does not\ndepend on Government regulation so much as upon satisfactory individual effort.\nCROP REPORTS.\nThe Horticultural News Letter was again issued from the Vernon office during the\n1942 season. This was sent out every two weeks from May 16th to September 19th,\na total of ten issues. Approximately 270 copies of each issue were sent out. The\nfollowing crop estimates were compiled and issued with the News Letter:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nSmall-fruit Estimates, May 30th.\nVegetable Acreages, June 13th.\nStone-fruit Estimates, June 27th.\nTree-fruit Estimates (Apples, Pears, Crabs, Grapes), July 11th.\nRevised Tree-fruit Estimates, August 22nd.\nThe fruit and vegetable crop production figures for 1941 were compiled and tabulated in conjunction with the office of the Dominion Fruit Inspection Branch.\nEstimates of fruit-crop prospects forms were compiled and supplied to each district\noffice for use in reporting the monthly fruit-crop estimates for June, July, August, and\nSeptember.\nACKNOWLEDGMENT.\nAcknowledgment is herewith made of the assistance which the Provincial Horticultural staff has at all times received from the staffs of the Dominion Department of\nAgriculture and the Agricultural Faculty of the University of British Columbia. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 47\nREPORT OF FIELD CROPS BRANCH.\nCecil Tice, B.S.A., Commissioner.\nThe early part of the season was considerably later than 1941 but, generally\nspeaking, the season was about average for earliness. The rainfall has been below\naverage.\nCrops on the whole grew satisfactorily and were harvested under good conditions.\nThe fall weather was excellent and this proved to be of considerable advantage to\nfarmers who were short-handed.\nHay-crops were good and some excellent crops of alfalfa were harvested. Pastures\nwere good until quite late in the season. The above-normal summer precipitation was\nof distinct benefit.\nGrain yields were generally satisfactory, although some of the crops lodged badly.\nField-crop seeds have turned out very satisfactorily. Good crops of timothy-seed\nand alsike-seed were harvested in Central British Columbia. Alfalfa-seed production\nin the Interior was below average.\nThe following is an excerpt of H. H. Evans's report on crop conditions in the\nNorth Okanagan:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" In the North Okanagan District the season of 1942 was quite favourable for the\nproduction of general farm crops, the above-normal summer precipitation being of\ndistinct benefit to the dry-farming areas for all harvested crops and pasture lands.\nRange pastures were also greatly improved as native grasses responded greatly to the\nheavy precipitation in July. Hay, grain, root, and silage crops were very good. Some\nloss was experienced with first-crop alfalfa, also a few early cuttings of second crop;\ndespite this the winter carry-over will be very good. Grains in general produced\nheavily but some loss occurred in lodged crops. The best crop of silage-corn produced\nfor a long time has been stored under ideal conditions for winter feeding. The alfalfa-\nseed crop has been the one disappointment of farm crops. Considerable acreage was\nleft for seed purposes but the general set was extremely poor. A number of fields were\nnot worth harvesting and were cut and burned. Many others have very low yields.\nOne bright spot in this picture is the production of an excellent yield of the Ladak\nvariety in the Vernon District.\"\nB.C. FIELD CROPS UNION.\nThe B.C. Field Crops Union has had a satisfactory year, in spite of conditions. In\nthese times when farmers are short of labour they have not got so much time for\nexperimental work. However, the membership did not drop much below that of 1941.\nThere were 151 members as compared with 163 last year. The location of the members\nwas as follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Number of\nDistrict. Members.\nCentral British Columbia 40\nPeace River Block 14\nVancouver Island and Islands 33\nInterior 31\nLower Mainland 6\nKootenays 7\nCariboo 17\nNorthern British Columbia 1\nBoundary 2\nThirty-three distinct tests were available to the members of the Union this year\nas compared with thirty-four last year. The tests covered such crops as grains, forage,\nand potatoes.\nYour Commissioner is Secretary-Treasurer of the Association.\nSOY-BEAN TESTS.\nIn view of the increasing demand for soy-beans, more particularly for the production of vegetable oil, it was considered desirable to undertake tests with several X 48 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nvarieties in different parts of the Province. Accordingly, tests were arranged with\nfarmers in the following districts in co-operation with the district agricultural officials:\nArmstrong, Kamloops, Enderby, Okanagan Falls, Keremeos, Grand Forks, and Mission.\nThe varieties tested were Pagoda, Kabott, Minsoy, Mandarin, Habaro, and Richland. Considerable information was already available regarding Kabott, Pagoda, and\nMandarin, but very little was known about the Minsoy, Habaro, and Richland varieties.\nYour Commissioner visited most of the test-plots during the season and was much\npleased with the care which had generally been exercised by farmers who conducted\nthese tests.\nIt should be pointed out that the Pagoda soy-beans were supplied by the Division\nof Forage Crops, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa. Arrangements are being made\nfor samples of soy-beans of the different varieties from the various plots to be forwarded to the University of British Columbia for protein and oil tests.\nIt might be mentioned that soy-bean production has not assumed commercial\nimportance in this Province as yet, outside of the Creston Reclamation Area. In this\ndistrict over 1,000 acres were planted of the Minsoy, Pagoda, and Kabott varieties.\nH. H. Evans, District Field Inspector, reports as follows regarding the tests at\nEnderby and Armstrong respectively:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" The varieties tested were Mandarin, Minsoy, Kabott, Habaro, Richland, and\nPagoda. The size of the plot for each of the first four varieties was one-half acre and\nfor the two latter varieties, one-quarter acre.\n\" The object of these tests was to obtain knowledge of the adaptability of the\nNorth Okanagan for soy-bean production and the range of varieties suitable for the\narea.\n\" The cool, wet season was not favourable to the best development of this plant.\nGrowth was retarded considerably in the early stages. Plots on the warm, sandy soils\nmatured in a reasonable period but the stand was not heavy. On the rich, clay loam\nplots growth was exceedingly heavy, but maturity delayed.\n\" The following notes indicate development and maturity of the different varieties\nin each district. Records were taken August 27th and October 8th.\n\"Armstrong Plots.\n\"(Seeded May 4th on upland sandy soil.)\n\"(a.) Habaro\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nAug. 27: Height 20 inches, pod setting just commencing.\nOct. 8: Pods well filled but not mature; not yet harvested.\n\"(b.) Richland\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nAug. 27: Height 16 to 20 inches, poor stand, pod setting just started.\nOct. 8: Pod set light, immature and not harvested,\n\"(c.) Kabott\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nAug. 27: Height 24 inches, pod set good, maturing and starting to\ndefoliate.\nOct. 8: Crop harvested and shelling badly.\n\"(d.) Pagoda\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nAug. 27: Height 16 inches, poor growth, maturity and harvest same as\nfor Kabott.\n\"(e.) Mandarin\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nAug. 27: Height 24 inches, fair to good stand, full podded, fair set.\nOct. 8: Crop harvested and in good condition.\n\"(/.) Minsoy\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nAug. 27: Height 30 inches, heaviest and most uniform stand of all\nplots, full bloom and podding freely.\nOct. 8: Crop mature and ready to harvest.\n\"This crop lay on the ground too long before threshing and considerable shelling\ntook place. Habaro and Richland were still on the green side when threshed. Approximately 500 lb. total yield was obtained from this series of tests. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 49\n\" Enderby Plots.\n\"(Seeded June 2nd on bottom clay loam.)\n\"(a.) Habaro\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nAug. 27: Height 30 inches, very heavy stand, bloom just starting.\nOct. 8: About 25 per cent, of pods filled, no maturity.\n\"(6.) Richland\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n' Comparable in all respects to Habaro.\n\"(c.) Kabott\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nAug. 27: Height 36 inches, very heavy stand, full podded.\nOct. 8: Crop combined on October 6th; quite green and commencing\nto heat in sacks. Yield, 400 lb.\n\"(d.) Pagoda\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nAug. 27: Comparable in all respects to Kabott.\nOct. 8: Crop combined on October 6th; green and commencing to\nheat in sacks. Yield, 260 lb.\n\"(e.) Mandarin\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nAug. 27: Height 30 inches, heavy stand, crop just podding.\nOct. 8: Crop full-podded and starting to mature.\n\"(/.) Minsoy\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nAug. 27: Height 30 inches, heavy stand, but patchy in wet spots, crop\njust podding.\nOct. 8: Crop full-podded and starting to mature.\n\" In this series only Kabott and Pagoda were harvested. Sufficient Minsoy was\nhand-harvested to obtain seed for an oil test. All others had been ploughed under.\"\nR. P. Murray, District Field Inspector, Penticton, reports as follows regarding\nthe tests in his district:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" In co-operation with the Field Crops Commissioner, two trial plots of soy-beans\nwere arranged for, one at Okanagan Falls the other at Keremeos. The plots were one-\nhalf acre in size for each of the Mandarin, Minsoy, Kabott, and Habaro varieties, and\none-quarter acre for each of the Pagoda and Richland varieties.\n\" Due to the shortage of labour on both ranches where these trials were made, all\nplots were weedy and the crop did not have a fair chance, but, even under these\nunfavourable conditions, Kabott and Pagoda had matured a fair crop of seed by September 18th. Had labour conditions been normal, all varieties would have undoubtedly\nmade a much better showing.\n\" The soy-beans at Okanagan Falls were sown May 8th. Kabott and Pagoda were\nharvested September 15th, all other varieties October 18th. Under ordinary weather\nconditions, frosts of sufficient severity can be expected before this late date to injure\nan immature crop of soy-beans and any varieties that would not ordinarily mature by\nSeptember 20th to the 25th could not be safely planted for seed. It so happened that\nno killing frosts occurred this season until about the middle of October.\n\" Of the six varieties sown, only two matured before September 20th. These were\nKabott and Pagoda.\n\"At Keremeos the seed was sown May 13th and 14th and harvested October 1st and\n2nd. In this trial, as at Okanagan Falls, labour was scarce and the crop did not get\nas much attention as it deserved. The following varieties matured: Mandarin, Minsoy,\nKabott, and Pagoda.\" _,\nCorn Test-plots.\nCorn test-plots were again conducted in co-operation with Dr. S. E. Clarke, Agros-\ntologist of the Dominion Experimental Farm, Swift Current, Saskatchewan, and the\ndistrict agricultural officials concerned. The districts in which these tests were located\nare as follows: Fraser Valley (two tests) ; Vancouver Island (three tests); Kamloops\n(two tests.) ; Okanagan (four tests). The following is a list of the hybrids tested:\nKE-104, KS-386, KM-426, R-603, KZ-50, Wisconsin 279, Wisconsin 355, Wisconsin 525,\nWisconsin 606, and Wisconsin 625.\nGreen weights have been taken of a number of the plots and samples for dry-\nmatter test have been forwarded to Dr. Clarke.\n4 X 50 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nTHRESHERMEN'S REPORTS.\nIn Appendix No. 4 to this report is shown the usual statement of the amount of\ngrain and seed threshed in the various districts of the Province, which has been prepared from the district agricultural officials' reports. Although this report does not\nsegregate combines and separators, it should be pointed out that there is an increasing\nnumber of combines being used in the Province.\nWEED-CONTROL.\nTwo seasonal Weed Inspectors were appointed for the Peace River Block; namely,\nR. W. Holgate, of Rolla, and H. D. Mclvor, of Fort St. John. The former covered the\nterritory south of the Peace River and the latter covered the territory north of the\nPeace River. These two Inspectors were under the immediate supervision of Sergeant\nW. A. S. Duncan, of the British Columbia Police at Pouce Coupe.\nIn other parts of the Province complaints concerning the prevalence of noxious\nweeds have, in the case of unorganized territory, been referred to the Provincial Police,\nand in organized districts referred to the municipal officials. Educational work has\nalso been undertaken as time permitted by officials of the Department of Agriculture.\nFEDERAL FERTILIZER SUBVENTION.\nWhen the Dominion Government decided to extend its Fertilizer Subvention Policy\nto British Columbia, your Commissioner was appointed Supervisor for this Province.\nThis work has taken up a lot of time and necessitated frequent trips to Vancouver.\nHeadquarters were established in the Court-house in Vancouver, as this seemed to be\nthe most convenient point and allowed the Supervisor to keep in close contact with the\nfertilizer trade.\nThe subsidy covered both spring- and fall-sown feed crops. At the time of preparing this report a tabulation of the spring sales of fertilizers has been completed,\nbut it will be some time before a tabulation of the fall sales will be possible.\nApproximately 1,500 farmers availed themselves of the subsidy as it applied to\nspring-sown feed crops. The total amount of the subsidy paid was more than $10,000.\nThe Dominion Government in paying a part of the farmers' fertilizer bill as a\nsubsidy hopes to encourage and assist in the production of those crops that will help\nCanada send more food to Great Britain, particularly of meats, dairy and poultry\nproducts essential to the maintenance of our people overseas in time of war.\nThe Fertilizer Subvention Policy has now been extended to December 31st, 1943.\nIn Appendices Nos. 1 and 2 are copies of the circulars which were prepared and distributed to fertilizer manufacturers, dealers in fertilizers, Farmers' Institutes, and\nnewspapers relative to the subvention as it affects both spring- and fall-sown feed crops.\nSEED PRODUCTION.\nIn co-operation with the Dominion Plant Products Division encouragement continues to be given to the production of field-crop seeds. The following is a statement\nof the quantity of each kind of field-crop seed produced in this Province in 1941:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nQuantity Produced.\nKind. Lb.\nAlfalfa 30,000\nRed clover 60,000\nTimothy 750,000\nAlsike clover 21,916\nCrested wheat-grass 2,250\nCorn 8,000\nFibre flax 32,368\nSugar-beet 226,225\nMangel 18,350\nPerennial rye-grass 290 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 51\nQuantity Produced.\nKind. Lb.\nReed canary-grass 200\nPerennial rye-grass ) 18 000\nItalian rye-grass j\nCreeping red fescue 300\nMeadow-fescue 10,900\nField peas 500,000\nThe total value of all the above seeds was $146,003.18.\nSTOCK SEED OF CEREALS AND ROOTS.\nThe following table gives the kinds and quantities of stock seed of cereals and\nroots distributed this year. This seed was produced by the Agronomy Department of\nthe University of British Columbia under the joint agreement with the Provincial\nDepartment of Agriculture:\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Lb.\nEagle oats 900\nAlaska oats 700\nVictory oats 2,300\nMarquis wheat 1,150\nProlific rye '. 500\nOlli barley 700\nRidit wheat 850\nStorm rye 496\nDawson's Golden Chaff wheat 220\nJones Fife wheat 557y2\nKharkov wheat 1,010\nStormont Gossamer flax , 1,448\nYellow Intermediate mangel - 29\nSOIL TESTING.\nA large number of samples of soil were received for testing; 219 samples were\nanalysed by S. S. Phillips, Assistant Field Crops Commissioner. This work takes up\nconsiderable time and requires much correspondence. The soils are analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus, and potash content; also acidity and humus content. A complete\nstatement of all samples that were analysed is on file in the Field Crops office.\nSTRAWBERRY CLOVER.\nTwo demonstration plots of Strawberry Clover (Trifolium fragiferum) started in\nthe Okanagan were followed up during the year. Although both plots were slow in\nstarting, excellent stands of clover were observed on both of these plots when they were\nexamined in September. This clover is a perennial, low-growing, pasture legume\nspreading vegetatively by creeping stems that root at the nodes. The leaves, stems,\nand habit of growth are somewhat similar to white clover, making it generally difficult\nto distinguish, when not in bloom, from certain types of white clover. The flower-\nheads, seed-pods, and seed are very distinctive, however, making identification easy.\nThe tolerance of Strawberry Clover to seeped, saline, and alkaline soils containing\nconcentrations of salts that inhibit the growth of most other plants is of particular\nimportance.\nCAMPBELL RIVER LOGGED-OFF LAND SEEDING.\nOn November 19th an inspection was made of the Campbell River logged-off land\nseeding by L. Todhunter, who, in the spring of 1939, following the disastrous fire,\nseeded some 2,000 acres of burned-over land to timothy and alsike clover, sweet clover,\nwhite Dutch clover, and subterranean clover.\nMr. Todhunter reports as follows regarding his inspection:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" The area seeded to white Dutch clover is still disappointing, although more plants\nwere in evidence at this time than were noticeable at the time of the last inspection in X 52 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nNovember, 1941, which would indicate that some reseeding had taken place during the\nprevious year prior to the disappearance of the original plants.\n\" The area seeded to timothy and alsike continues to be an excellent stand. The\nclover, which at the time of last inspection had almost entirely disappeared, gives much\npromise of becoming re-established, numerous plants being observed at this time.\nThere are heavy stands of timothy on the better type of soil, the plants being large\nand fairly compact. There is also quite a lot of natural production in this area and\nyoung plants are one-quarter to one-half inch in height. The old plants, which appear\nto have borne a large amount of seed, had reached a height of from 2y2 to 3 feet.\n\" This particular area contains about 800 acres of exceptionally good grazing for\ncattle or sheep. Other areas seeded to timothy and alsike on inferior soil are steadily\nimproving, many more plants being noted.\n\" The sweet clover now appears to have become fairly well established, the plants\nbeing strong and healthy and carrying a large amount of seed. There were considerably more plants in evidence at this time than previously noted.\n\" An area located about one-quarter mile south of the forest nursery and where\nthe soil is rather a good silt loam, is seeded to subterranean clover. Here the stand is\nvery good, plants being very vigorous and healthy and spreading rapidly. There is\nmuch evidence of reseeding and numerous seed burrs were noted. Other areas seeded\nto subterranean clover, where the catch was not too good, are improving.\"\nA fertilizer and lime experiment is being conducted on 2 acres of this area.\nGRAIN SCREENINGS.\nThe following is an excerpt of the report of W. Sandall, Field Inspector, in the\nCourt-house, Vancouver, relative to the subject of grain screenings:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" Grain screenings is a by-product, originating in the recleaning process of wheat\nat the elevator. It is delivered from the cleaners in various separations and graded\naccordingly.\n\" A pamphlet issued by the Board of Grain Commissioners of Canada (Bulletin\nNo. 4) provides for five grades of screenings which are identified as follows: Oat\nscreenings, No. 1 Feed screenings, No. 2 Feed screenings, Uncleaned screenings, and\nRefuse screenings, graded according to official standards.\n\" In compliance with the British Columbia ' Noxious Weeds Act' and regulations\nthereunder, grain screenings which contain weed-seeds in excess of the percentage\nallowed by the ' Canada Grain Act' of the Dominion or the regulations made thereunder from time to time for No. 2 Feed screenings shall not be removed from any grain\nelevator, mill, or warehouse to any place within the Province, except only by virtue of\npermit duly signed by the Minister or by a person authorized in writing by the Minister, and issued at the office of the District Field Inspector, Court-house, Vancouver,\nB.C.\n\" Permits above referred to consist of two specific forms\u00E2\u0080\u0094i.e., one permitting\nremoval of low-grade screenings by a dealer or grain merchant and one a feeder's\npermit which entitles the holder to remove low-grade screenings conditional to prescribed regulations. These permits are available only to certain areas, mainly within\nthe boundaries of Greater Vancouver. Care is exercised in preventing the removal\nof low-grade screenings to farming districts where the high percentage of weed-seeds\ncontained in such screenings may become a general menace, through the introduction\nof many varieties of weeds.\n\" Up to October 31st, thirteen permits to remove screenings were issued to feed-\ndealers covering various quantities and three feeder's permits for 100 lb. each were\nissued during the same period. All permits expire at the end of year of issue.\n\" A permit is not required for the removal of Oat screenings, No. 1 and No. 2\nFeed screenings.\n\" Complying with section 4 of the regulations under the ' Noxious Weeds Act,'\nmanagers' reports (the forms for which are supplied by the Provincial Government)\nare submitted each month by all British Columbia grain elevators and Vancouver\ndealers who handle screenings to the Hon. Minister of Agriculture, through the office DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 53\nof the District Field Inspector, Court-house, Vancouver. These reports show the movement of all grades of screenings, the name and address to whom they are delivered,\ndate of delivery, quantity, grade, number of permit (if any) and whether for local use\nor export.\n\" During the first ten months of 1942, which ended October 31st, managers'\nreports show that approximately 589 tons of screenings, including all grades, have\nbeen consumed locally. This quantity is very much below the requirements for this\nmaterial, which are normally about 7,000 tons per year; however, it has not been\navailable due to the extremely light movement of grain shipments from British Columbia elevators, which correspondingly reduces the supply of screenings. While the local\nelevators are filled to capacity, no grain-laden ships have been sailing from the Vancouver port for some considerable time. It is presumed that the situation will not\nimprove until this traffic resumes normal conditions again.\n\" Section 11 of the ' Screenings Regulations ' requires that screenings which contain weed-seeds in excess of the percentage allowed by the ' Canada Grain Act' or\nregulations thereunder for No. 2 Feed screenings shall not be ground or otherwise\nmanufactured for sale within the Province. To comply with the above regulations,\nfeed merchants who obtain low-grade screenings from elevators reclean them in order\nto raise same to the required grade before grinding; the refuse accumulated from\nthis recleaning process is usually exported to the United States where it is used in\nstock-feeding yards. Approximately 68% tons were exported by dealers during the\nmonth of April and 28 tons were shipped direct from a British Columbia elevator to\nthe United States during the same month.\n\" In an endeavour to control the weed situation which might arise from the use\nof screenings, occasional visits have been made to co-operative associations and other\ndealers in stock-feeds situated in or near the farming districts of the Fraser Valley\nto ascertain if any unground screenings are being sold to the farmer consumer. These\ninvestigations have definitely established the fact that no unground screenings are\nbeing distributed in the country districts, thereby eliminating the danger of weed\ncontamination from that source. It may be mentioned here that Nos. 1 and 2 Feed\nscreenings are the only grades available to dealers or consumers in or near the farming\ndistricts. It is also available to the farmer, although it is many years since an individual farmer was known to have purchased unground No. 2 Feed screenings, who in\nthis case was a poultryman. It is questionable if any grade of screenings contains\nthe food value per dollar as compared to other feed-grains. Ground screenings are\nchiefly used in the manufacture of various feeds; other ground grains, etc., are added\nwhich enhances its food value. The manufactured product is subject to inspection by\nofficials of the Dominion Plant Products Division, where it is analysed for weed-seed\ncontent as well as protein, fat, and fibre.\n\" Appendix No. 3 will show the quantity of screenings of each grade removed\nfrom British Columbia grain elevators each month, ending October 31st, 1942, as\ncompiled from the managers' reports.\"\nREPORT OF THE PROVINCIAL PLANT PATHOLOGIST.\nJ. W. Eastham, B.Sc, Plant Pathologist.\nSpecial delivery tags to the number of 777 were issued during 1942, a considerable\nreduction from last year's total of 1,025. In addition, 50 tags were issued for greenhouse stock only. Of the 534 shipments for which returns have been made, 277 contained ornamentals, 53 fruit-trees, 92 small fruits, 73 asparagus plants, 28 rhubarb\nplants, 46 bulbs, 30 greenhouse plants, and 4 grape-vines. In addition, 94 shipments\nwithout tags were inspected at Vancouver. These included some private shipments,\nbut were mostly small commercial ones, chiefly of ornamentals and small fruits. They\nincluded raspberries to the extent of 762 plants and Caragana, mostly for Eastern\npoints in the Province, 500 plants. X 54 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nNEW OR NOTEWORTHY DISEASES.\nThe most important item to be recorded under this head is the finding of bacterial\nring-rot (Phytomonas sepedonica) in potatoes grown within the Province. As the\ndisease has been reported from every other Province in Canada and nearly all the\nstates of the U.S.A. it was probably inevitable that the disease would ultimately be\nfound here, but its introduction is none the less a serious matter. A suspected case\nwas found last year at Bridesville, but bacteriological examination did not confirm the\ndiagnosis. In this case there appears to be no doubt. The circumstances are peculiar\nand difficult to explain. A grower at Salmon Arm brought in and planted a small\nquantity of seed of the variety Sequoia in 1940, and no sign of the disease was noticed.\nThe crop was inspected three times for certification in 1941, but no indications of the\ndisease found, yet this year it appeared in the crop. No other means of infection\nother than the original seed has been brought to light. Measures have been taken to\ndispose of the crop in such a way that none will be used for seed. The situation is\ncomplicated by unrestricted importation of potatoes from areas in the Prairie Provinces where the disease is known to occur. It is impossible to make adequate inspections of such shipments. While many of them have gone to army camps and are not\nlikely to lead to further trouble, some have gone into retail channels, chiefly in the\nlarger cities. The chief means of control is the use of disease-free seed, but certified\nseed is still used only by a minority of the small cultivators and back-yard gardeners\nand there is no means of preventing the planting of table stock. It is quite possible,\ntherefore, that the disease may be introduced in and around city areas by the planting\nof tubers from such shipments. While the occurrence of the disease in such areas may\nnot immediately menace the commercial grower, it is a potential focus from which the\ndisease may spread.\nGrey bulb-rot (Sclerotium tuliparum Kleb.) was found by Messrs. Hastings and\nBosher, of the Dominion Laboratory of Plant Pathology at Saanichton, at two places\nin the Fraser Valley, while making their annual field inspection of bulbs. One case\nwas on tulips, the other on iris. This has not been reported previously from the\nMainland, though a light infection was found on tulips at Saanich in 1941 and a more\nsevere one on iris at Esquimalt in 1940. The disease is well known in Holland and is\ndestructive, the fungus growing through the soil and killing out the plants in patches.\nNumerous sclerotia are produced in the soil which are capable of producing infection\nfor several subsequent years.\nSclerotinia Sclerotiorum (Lib.) DeBary was found on tulips at Saanich. This\nfungus was identified by Dr. Drayton (R. J. Hastings). This parasite has a very wide\nrange of hosts, but there are few records of its attacking tulips,\nA canker on the twigs of Russian mulberry was found to be rather abundant in\na nursery near New Westminster. The fungus isolated from this has been identified\nas Fusarium lateritium Nees var. mori Desm. It appears to be new to Canada.\nA wilt of chrysanthemums, due to Verticillium dahlise, was found causing severe\ninjury among the stock of an amateur grower for exhibition. It has not so far been\nnoted in commercial houses.\nOccasional cases of black knot (Dibotryon morbosum) have been noted for some\nyears past in or near the cities of Vancouver and New Westminster, chiefly in old\nplantings. More recently specimens of the disease have been sent in from Cloverdale\nand Mission. All cases so far recorded have been on plum.\nDouglas fir trees all around the Kootenay Lake suffered serious defoliation through\nattacks of the rust fungus Melampsora albertensis Arth. which has its alternate stage\non species of poplar. Away from the lake, as at Creston and in the Columbia Valley,\nthe disease was not noticeable. Later, however, specimens were sent in from Kamloops with the information that the disease was severe \" in spots,\" but not general.\nThis disease is not new to British Columbia and is known from most of the States west\nof the Rocky Mountains, but its occurrence in such a severe epidemic form is unusual\nand worthy of record. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 55\nBlack stem of alfalfa (Ascochyta imperfecta) was found 12 miles south of Fairmont as well as at Edgewater, both in the Columbia Valley. It was found at the latter\nplace in 1941. It does not, however, seem to be causing serious injury.\nThe increase in \" war-gardening \" in and around Vancouver has resulted in a\ncorresponding increase in the number of inquiries at the Vancouver office for identification and advice concerning both plant diseases and insect pests. However, no new\npest in either category was brought in.\n\"LITTLE CHERRY\" DISEASE IN THE KOOTENAYS.\nThe Plant Pathologist and Assistant Plant Pathologist left for the Kootenays on\nJuly 2nd. A day was spent at Wenatchee with E. L. Reeves, of the United States\nDepartment of Agriculture, and a specialist on virus diseases of stone-fruits. Through\nhis courtesy we were enabled to see various diseases of stone-fruits in the field, some\nof which are not, to our knowledge, as yet present in the Province, but which may be\nexpected to appear sooner or later. We also had an opportunity to go over the experimental plots and the methods employed in transmission experiments. At Nelson we\nwere joined by Dr. Giissow, Dominion Botanist, and Dr. McLarty, of the Summerland\nPlant Pathological Laboratory, who accompanied us on an inspection tour of the district\nfrom Nelson to Kaslo. Mr. Reeves also joined us at Nelson and was able to look over\nthe \" little cherry \" situation for himself. So far, however, no disease quite identical\nwith Kootenay \" little cherry \" seems to have been found elsewhere.\nAn attempt was made to define more surely the present limits of the disease and\nits spread since last year. This, however, was rendered unsatisfactory by the backwardness of the season and the necessity of making our visit according to dates originally planned on the basis of a more normal season. However, in the earlier part of\nthe area\u00E2\u0080\u0094i.e., that west of Nelson\u00E2\u0080\u0094the fruit was far enough advanced for observation,\nsupplemented by inquiry to give results which are probably reliable. Clear evidence\nof the disease was found at Taghum, but this seems to be the western limit. No evidence of the disease was found either by observation or inquiry at Bonnington, South\nSlocan, or Robson.\nInspections on the east side of the lake at Crawford Bay, Gray Creek, and Boswell\nwere less satisfactory. No evidence of the disease was found (July 17th), but Mr.\nHunt who made an inspection about ten days later reports finding evidence of the\ndisease in seven orchards at Boswell, one at Gray Creek, and one at Crawford Bay.\nAt Creston information was sought from the manager of the packing-house of any\norchards which had produced small cherries in previous years, as well as from Mr.\nTwigg, the District Inspector. Only one instance of markedly small fruit was obtained\nand inspection of this orchard showed the fruit maturing normally this season. Other\norchards examined also seemed normal. On July 28th Mr. Twigg reported having\nfound several trees in one orchard which appeared to have \" little cherry \" symptoms.\nIf this proves correct every fruit section in the Kootenay District, with the possible\nexception of Kaslo, has now one or more foci of infection.\nWith Mr. Hunt we examined a small cherry orchard at Kootenay Bay with a view\nto locating a site suitable for future experimental work. This orchard, which contains\nfifty-five bearing Lambert trees, is isolated by a distance of several miles from any\nother cherry orchard, so that there would be a minimum of danger of spreading the\ndisease to commercial orchards or of the natural introduction of the disease into the\norchard while experiments are in progress. The trees are apparently free from the\ndisease and, if satisfactory arrangements can be made, it would be much preferable to\nthe newly set out plantings at Columbia Gardens.\nWhile in the Kootenays arrangements were made for the carrying-out by G. Thorpe,\nof the Creston Sub-experiment Station, of some budding experiments. These are\nreported more fully in Mr. Foster's report.\nOwing to the difficulties of carrying on work in the Kootenays from the Coast\nunder war conditions, an agreement has been concluded with the Dominion Botanist and\nDr. McLarty, of the Dominion Laboratory of Plant Pathology at Summerland, whereby\nfuture investigations of \" little cherry \" will be carried on from that laboratory. X 56 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nIn June, a mimeographed circular on \" Little Cherry \" was prepared and distributed to packing-house managers, local newspapers, and officials of the Dominion\nand Provincial Departments, more particularly in the areas contiguous to those in which\nthe disease was known to occur.\nNURSERY INSPECTION.\nCommercial nurseries on Vancouver Island and in the Fraser Valley were inspected\nearly in June for virus diseases of stone-fruit trees. No definite cases were found, but\nsome off-type plants were collected and sent to the Dominion Laboratory of Plant\nPathology at Saanichton, to be grown under observation in the test-plots there. This\nis the third year that this inspection has been made and there is a distinct improvement\nin the quality of the stock. Nurserymen are apparently following the advice given\nthem to rogue out all off-type or weak plants as soon as noticed.\nWEEDS AND POISONOUS PLANTS.\nNo new weeds have been found or reported in the southern part of the Province.\nThe only finding worthy of record is that of smooth crab grass (Digitaria ischaemum\n(Schreb.) Muhl.), sent in by the District Field Inspector from Vernon with the\ninformation that it had taken possession of a large lawn in the district. Possibly the\nseeds were introduced with the lawn grass-seed. The only other specimens in the\nherbarium are from Chilliwack where it occurred in cultivated farm land. Common\ncrab grass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.) is of more frequent occurrence, but is\nnot yet common or reported as giving trouble.\nThe District Agriculturist at Prince George sent in for identification the two\nfollowing plants which are believed new to the flora of the Province:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n(1.) Field scabious (Scabiosa arvensis L.) family Dipsacacem. This is a perennial, rather coarse plant, reaching a height of 3 feet, with purplish-lavender coloured\nheads of flowers. It is a native of Europe and established for many years on the\neastern side of the continent, but not previously recorded from this Province. It is\nreported as a \" regular infestation \" on a portion of the Indian Reserve at Sinkut Lake,\nVanderhoof.\n(2.) Fragrant giant hyssop or anise hyssop (Agastache anethiodora (Nutt.)\nBritt.) family Labiatm. This plant of the mint family is a native of the Prairie and\nGreat Plains area, Manitoba to Alberta, and south to Nebraska and Colorado. It is\nsaid to be common in the northern sections of Saskatchewan. It is reported to be a\ncommon \" weed \" around Prince George. Whether it is a native plant which has been\noverlooked, Central British Columbia not having been botanized very thoroughly, or\nintroduced from the Prairies is not known. It is quite possibly native and few of our\nnative plants have become serious weeds.\nAnother weed sent in from Prince George is the common ragweed (Ambrosia\nartemisisefolia L.). Although this and allied species of the same genus are common and\nobjectionable weeds east of the Rocky Mountains, it is remarkable that no specimen has\nbeen collected or reported from Southern British Columbia during the six years since\nthe herbarium here was begun. This is a matter of considerable interest to sufferers\nfrom hay-fever, since the pollen of these plants is one of the most potent causes of this\ndistressing malady in the East. Inquiries are received each year on behalf of intending\nvisitors as to the presence of ragweed in the area to be visited. The absence of these\nplants in most of British Columbia is perhaps not so widely known as it should be to\nmembers of the medical profession treating hay-fever cases with pollen extracts.\nIn September Dr. Gunn reported serious trouble among cattle on a range near\nClinton and submitted specimens of a plant which it was suspected might be poisonous.\nThis proved to be arrow grass (Triglochin maritima L.), now well recognized as a cause\nof hydrocyanic poisoning in arid and semi-arid areas. Another case at Dog Creek,\nWilliams Lake, where numbers of cattle had died over a period of years was investigated last year and is reported by Dr. Carlyle in the annual report for 1941. Another\ncase, involving horses at Okanagan Falls, was given in the annual report of this office\nfor 1939. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 57\nAt Windermere a farmer was visited who had lost 250 sheep, mostly breeding ewes,\nand who believed it to be due to eating timber milk-vetch. One species, Astragalus\nserotinus Gray, is very abundant in this area as elsewhere in the Dry Belt. Dr. E. A.\nBruce, working with what, following Henry's \" Flora of Southern British Columbia,\"\nhe identifies as Astragalus campestris Gray, reports many cases of sickness in horses,\ncattle, and sheep from eating this plant, including some from the Windermere District.\nHe also killed sheep by feeding it to them. (\" Astragalus campestris and Other Stock-\npoisoning Plants of British Columbia.\" Bull. 88 Dom. Dept. of Agric. 1927.) From\nrecent investigations it seems doubtful whether A. campestris Gray occurs within our\nlimits and that the plant which has been referred to this species by Henry and others is\nreally A. serotinus Gray. While direct evidence, such as might have been given by an\nexamination of stomach contents, was not obtainable it seems probable that this plant\nwas responsible in this instance.\nMEDICINAL PLANTS, ETC.\nIt was found possible to give assistance in the identification of plants required, to\na few persons collecting native medicinal plants for Eastern firms, mostly located in\nthe United States. Flower-heads of arnica, in particular, appear to be in demand,\nwithout reference to any particular species, as a result of the cutting-off of European\nsupplies of Arnica montana. With the exception of A. cordifolia, which is plentiful at\nhighway level in certain districts in the Interior, most of our species are mountain\nplants and collection of the flower-heads is not likely to prove remunerative, although\nthe price is now six or seven times what it was before the war.\nThe increase in the market price of cascara-bark also led to a good many inquiries\nfrom persons who wished to supplement the information given in the new bulletin by\nseeing specimens of the actual plants and to obtain any additional information available.\nTea rationing produced a slight flurry of interest in tea substitutes, and a number\nof persons visited the herbarium to see specimens of Labrador tea (Ledum groenlandi-\ncum) and the poisonous related plants which might be confused with it.\nSo far, however, as the cultivation of important standard drug plants is concerned,\nit is regretted that little progress can be recorded, and it does not seem likely that any\nindustry will develop until there is a firm of manufacturing druggists established in the\nProvince to provide a local market. At the present time the nearest such firm is in\nOntario, and there appears to be a reluctance, perhaps not unnatural, to make longdistance contracts with intending growers who have had no previous experience.\nAt the request of the Division of Botany at Ottawa, a number of samples of native\nrubber-producing plants were gathered, dried, and sent to Ottawa to be analysed for\nrubber content.\nHERBARIUM.\nThis now contains the most extensive collection of grasses and native forage plants,\nweeds, and poisonous plants in the Province, as well as a good representation of the\ngeneral flora, at least of the southern part of the Province. The grass collection was\nstrengthened by exchanges with the Provincial Museum, the National Herbarium at\nOttawa, and the Department of Agronomy of the University of California, as well as\nfrom some private sources. While special attention has been given to the above-mentioned groups, general collections have been made as opportunity offered. Four hundred and nine specimens were contributed last year to the herbarium of the Provincial\nMuseum and fifty-seven to the National Herbarium at Ottawa, both lots containing a\nnumber of plants rare in our flora and a few of them apparently new records.\nThe report of the Assistant Plant Pathologist, W. R. Foster, follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nThe investigation of \" little cherry \" disease in the Kootenays was continued. The\nfollowing budding tests have been carried out at Willow Point, the centre of the\ninfestation:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n(1.) Yearling cherry-trees of varieties Lambert and Bing budded on different root-\nstocks in 1941 were planted out as follows to see if such stocks have any influence on the\nsymptoms of the disease:\u00E2\u0080\u0094 X 58\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nVariety Lambert on Mazzard, Mahaleb, Gold, and Royal Anne.\nVariety Bing on Mazzard, Gold, and Royal Anne.\nFour trees of each were used.\n(2.) Buds from healthy Lambert, Bing, and Royal Anne were budded into a\nLambert tree known to have \" little cherry.\"\n(3.) Buds from healthy Olivet, Montmorency, and English Morello were budded\ninto Lamberts known to have \" little cherry.\" The above varieties are believed to show\nsymptoms of the disease in the area of infestation, but not so definitely as in the case\nof Lambert and Bing. Fifteen buds of each were used.\n(4.) Buds from the following root-stocks (four of each) were budded into diseased\nLambert trees\u00E2\u0080\u0094Black Heart, Gold, Mazzard, Mahaleb, and Royal Anne.\n(5.) No symptoms of the disease have been noticed on peach-trees, even when\nplanted in or near orchards containing \" little cherry.\" However, a direct test is being\nmade. Fifteen buds from healthy Lamberts have been placed into each of two peach-\ntrees and fifteen buds from diseased Lamberts into each of two others.\nLEAF-MOULD.\nVariety tests of varieties of tomatoes reported to be resistant to leaf-mould fungus\nwere continued. Only two varieties, Vetomold and Vetomold 121, were satisfactory\nfrom the standpoint of commercial value in Canada.\nVetomold was resistant until 1941 when it became susceptible.\nVetomold 121 is resistant and is producing excellent crops of good quality.\nVarietal Resistance of Different Varieties of Tomatoes to Cladosporium fulvum\nand their Commercial Value.\nVariety.\nResistant.\nCommercial\nValue.\nNo\nYes\nYes\nYes\nYes\nYes\nYes\nYes\nYes\nVetomold 121 \t\nBay St. Selection 2..... \u00E2\u0096\u00A0 \t\nFair\nFair\nGlobelle - \t\nFair\nVail x Globelle \t\n138 M \t\nFair\nSOFT-ROT OF CAULIFLOWER.\nTo determine the effect of the following dusts and sprays on the soft-rot in cauliflower for seed.\nPlot No. Treatment.\n1 7 Check, no treatment.\n2 8 B ordeaux.\n3 9 Bordeaux plus nicotine.\n4 10 Copper lime dust.\n5 11 Copper lime plus nicotine.\n6 12 Copper lime plus lead arsenate.\nSpray.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Bordeaux 4-5-40; nicotine, 1 teaspoonful per gallon.\nDusts.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Add 1 tablespoonful of nicotine to each pound of copper lime or 5 table-\nspoonfuls to the 5 lb. Must be mixed immediately before use. Add % lb. of lead\narsenate to 5 lb. of copper lime.\nLittle information came out of this experiment. The grower seemed to find it\ndifficult not to carry out his own ideas from time to time. The copper lime dusts\nshowed some evidence of being superior to Bordeaux in causing less injury and possibly\nin protection from soft-rot. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942.\nX 59\nBUNT INVESTIGATION.\nA considerable number of chemicals were tested in the hope of finding a seed treatment that would protect against soil-borne bunt infection. One substance showed some\npromise, but reduced germination at the strength used. It is felt that publication\nof the results should be withheld until the work has been completed.\nDAMAGE OF COKE FUMES TO GREENHOUSE PLANTS.\nSerious injury to a number of greenhouse plants in a greenhouse in Victoria from\ncoke fumes gave an opportunity to record their relative resistance and susceptibility\nand to note the symptoms on each. The fumes from the furnace in which the coke was\nused were allowed to enter the greenhouse by leaving the door open. Closing the door\nstopped the injury, but failure to close the door a few weeks later produced the same\nsymptoms. The damage from the coke fumes only started with a change in the source\nof coke. Many of the fuchsias and calceolarias were killed.\nThe Effect of Coke Fumes on Different Plants in a Greenhouse.\nPlants.\nSymptoms.\nEstimated\nIndex of\nDamage.\n0 to 10.*\nAloe\t\nAlternatha .\nBegonia (fibrous rooted)-\nBoston fern\t\nCalceolaria\t\nCup of Gold..._.\t\nDate palm...\t\nFuchsia \t\nGeraniums \t\nNone \t\nTip-burn. \t\nTip-burn, spotting -\t\nTip-burn, spotting, yellowish...\nTip-burn, spotting, defoliation ..\nNone \t\nHeliotrope\t\nIvy geraniums..\nGeneral debility\t\nTip-burn, spotting, defoliation..\nTip-burn, spotting _.\nTip-burn \t\nKentia palms\t\nMonterey cypress..\nNasturtiums\t\nViolas\t\nTip-burn, spotting \t\nTip-burn....\t\nTip-burn - \t\nTip-burn, spotting\t\nEdge of leaves discoloured .\n* 0 means no apparent damage, 1 very slight damage, 10 means death of all plants. The numbers from 0 to\n10 give relative damage.\nThe following circulars and press articles were published during the year:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nCirculars\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" Diseases and Pests of Cereals, Fibre, Forage, and Root Crops.\"\n\" Club Root of Cabbage and Other Crucifers.\"\nPress Articles\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nHybrid Corn.\nClean-up Garden this Fall.\nProtect Potatoes from Late Blight Rotting.\nClub Root of Cabbage.\nSome Important Ornamental Diseases.\nRust Epidemic on Douglas Firs in Kootenays.\nBrown-rot of Stone-fruits.\nSeed Treatment.\nREPORT OF PROVINCIAL APIARIST.\nA. W. Finlay, Provincial Apiarist.\nBees went into the winter of 1941 very light in stores, especially in the Lower\nMainland and Coast Districts, owing to excessive wet weather during the previous late X 60 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nsummer. Weather conditions during the winter of 1941-42 were not severe, but continued unfavourable weather the following spring further depleted hive stores and\nresulted in a heavy mortality of colonies from starvation. In the Fraser Valley bees\nhad to be fed until the middle of June; consequently, none but the most experienced and\ncareful bee-keepers were able to keep up brood-rearing and their colonies in shape for\nthe honey-flow when suitable weather finally arrived about the end of July. By this\ntime, it was estimated that fully 40 per cent, of all colonies had died on the Lower\nMainland and Vancouver Island, while most of the remainder were naturally below\nnormal in strength and had to build up on the late honey-flow. It appeared to Coast\nbee-keepers that 1942 would be an absolute failure for honey production, the worst ever\nexperienced. Fortunately, a light honey-flow came on towards the end of the season\nand continued during August, which provided winter stores and, in the better locations,\neven a super of surplus honey, though the average production was the lowest ever\nrecorded for the Fraser Valley and Vancouver Island.\nIn the Interior of the Province, such as the irrigated districts of the Dry Belt,\nconditions were entirely different. The excessive rains in the spring were not continuous and the weather was warm enough between downpours to allow bees to gather\nsufficient stores to keep up brood-rearing with very little interruption. Even the roadside sweet clover that usually grows very dwarfed and dries out in July, grew tall and\nluxuriantly green this season, providing a good honey-crop for the bees, additional to\nthe usual irrigated crop of alfalfa, etc. The honey-flow was better than normal through\nmost of the season and continued for at least two weeks longer than usual, resulting in\nthe best honey-crop the Interior has had for many years. Package bees that were\nobtained in April gave a very good account of themselves. A number, under personal\nobservation of the District Apiary Inspector, produced 200 lb. surplus per colony.\nUnfortunately, most of the package bees ordered from the South to replace winter losses\narrived very late, due to unfavourable weather conditions for queen mating and the\nunusual demand for package bees by new bee-keepers. The total crop for the Province\nis estimated at 1,333,600 lb., this being slightly better than normal. The quality is\nabout 90 per cent, light in colour, with good density.\nREPELLENT SPRAY TEST.\nBee-keepers and fruit-growers alike were particularly interested in the results of\nthe spraying tests conducted by the Horticultural staff of the Department of Agriculture at Vernon. The formula, recommended by the Department of Conservation,\nState of Massachusetts, was a mixture of creosote with the usual lead arsenate as used\nfor spraying fruit-trees for codling-moth. The creosote was intended to act as a bee-\nrepellent in the spray mixture to counter the slightly sweet taste of the arsenate and\nprevent the heavy losses experienced by bee-keepers through the poisoning of their bees\nwhere situated within flying range of the spraying operations of fruit-growers.\nThe bee-keepers in the Vernon District formed a committee to work in collaboration with Maurice Middleton, District Horticulturist, in testing the formula recommended. The bee-keepers supplied the bees, ten colonies, while the Horticultural staff\napplied the spray. Four sprays were applied at regular intervals, and the colonies,\nsituated right in the orchard, were examined immediately before and after each spraying. No dead bees appeared on the ground and conditions within the hives were normal\nwhile no burning of the foliage appeared on the trees.\nA check-up was made of an apiary of seven colonies situated a few miles away and\nadjacent to orchards sprayed the previous day with the regular lead spray without\nbee-repellent. Many dead bees were found; as much as a quart of poisoned bees were\non the ground within a square yard of one colony, representing practically the whole\nfield force of that colony. The spraying of the two places was approximately the same\ntime, the temperature and humidity were therefore alike. The vital factor, as far as\nthe bees were concerned, was apparently the repellent in the spray.\nThe bee-keepers were enthusiastic over the results of the spraying test and they\nappreciate the assistance given them by the Department in making the same. The ten\ncolonies used in the test orchard consisted of nine 2-lb. packages and one wintered-over DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942.\nX 61\ncolony. The honey-crop produced by the package bees averaged 210 lb. each, and the\nold colony 270 lb. in addition to winter stores. The results so far obtained were satisfactory enough to warrant a continuation of the experiment at least another year under\nmore varied conditions. The test orchard in the present instance was without cover-\ncrop, except pasture grass, and about one-half mile from water for the bees. It is\nsuggested that a site for continuation of the test be made where the usual cover-crops\nof alfalfa and clover would also receive the spray. It is an important project to beekeepers and fruit-growers alike to find a bee-repellent that will be safe, easily applied,\nand cheap enough for the orchardist to agree to use readily.\nFIELD-WORK.\nApiary inspection began with a number of apiaries examined in March, but\nweather conditions were unfavourable for systematic inspection during April and May,\ncausing the work to be delayed several weeks. Our Inspectors on the Lower Mainland\nhad to choose the odd warm days when colonies could be safely examined without danger\nof chilling the brood at this time. V. E. Thorgeirson was appointed as District Apiary\nInspector in place of W. J. H. Dicks, who resigned to take up residence in the Interior.\nMr. Thorgeirson had charge of the district from Greater Vancouver to Haney and\ncarried out his duties to the satisfaction of bee-keepers in his district.\nA number of field-days were held by members of the British Columbia Honey\nProducers' Association, at which your District Inspectors attended and gave practical\ndemonstrations in manipulation of bee-keeping equipment in the production of honey,\netc., which were very much appreciated. Such field-days were limited this season and\nwere more local in nature owing to the necessary restrictions in transportation facilities.\nThe attention of the Department is especially drawn to the excellent work accomplished by our oldest District Apiary Inspector, H. Langton Johnson, of Chilliwack,\nwho has, during his long term of inspection work in the upper portion of the Fraser\nValley, succeeded in gradually reducing the amount of disease from the high point of\n17 per cent, to less than 1 per cent, in his district.\nApiary inspection in the Interior benefited to a considerable extent by more favourable weather and the diligent work of Inspector W. H. Turnbull. As was expected of\nthis experienced apiarist, the percentage of bee-disease has already shown a considerable decline in the number of colonies examined in his district since his appointment\nlast season. Bee-keepers in the Okanagan have been inspired by his quiet manner in\nimparting valuable information while carrying out his duties, and also his interest in\nassisting in experimental tests in preventing the heavy mortality of bee colonies due to\nspray poisoning in the orchard districts.\nFollowing is a summary of the field-work of the Apiary Inspectors in the various\ndistricts where honey production is a major interest.\nDistrict.\nExamined.\nInspector.\nApiaries.\nColonies.\nA.F.B.\n478\n12\n261\n225\n610\n2,022\n144\n1,210\n413\n5,061\n114\nJ. Gillespie -\t\nV ancouver Island \u00E2\u0080\u0094- -\n2\n17\n19\nW. H. Turnbull\t\nInterior - \t\n197\n1,586\n8,850\n349\nOFFICE-WORK.\nApplications for registration of 490 new apiaries were received and 467 cancellations were recorded. The system of card indexing over 4,000 registered apiaries is\nproceeding according to opportunity as the stenographer finds time from other regular\nduties. When completed, it will save considerable time in reference-work and a great\nimprovement over the present ledger system. X 62 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nSixty microscopic analyses of samples of diseased comb and smears sent in for\nbacterial diagnosis were made, and reports sent out with instructions for treatment as\nrequired. Supervision of Inspectors' reports and accounts, departmental reports, and\ntelephone calls were routine work of the office. Correspondence included the receipt of\n1,484 letters and 1,715 were sent out. A considerable part of the increased correspondence was entailed by the necessity of your Provincial Apiarist having to endorse applications of bee-keepers for permits issued by the Wartime Prices and Trade Board for\npurchase of sugar for feeding bees. A total of 332 permits were sent out for spring\nfeeding and 356 for winter feeding to date of this report. The commendation of the\nDepartment should be accorded the office stenographer for the manner in which she has\nso efficiently assumed the extra work of this office.\nAn estimate of the honey-crop by districts will be found in Appendix No. 5.\nREPORT OF THE PROVINCIAL ENTOMOLOGIST.\nMax H. Ruhmann, B.A., Entomologist.\nThe Entomological staff during the past year consisted of Max H. Ruhmann, Entomologist, and Miss C. M. Bigland, Laboratory Assistant.\nSEASONAL OBSERVATIONS AND ACTIVITIES.\nPear Psylla (Psylla pyricola).\u00E2\u0080\u0094The pear psylla has been definitely recorded. During a survey made by members of the Dominion Entomological staff in the Southern\nOkanagan the pear psylla was found in a number of orchards in the Oliver-Osoyoos\nDistrict.\nColorado Potato-beetle (Leptinotarsa decimlineata).\u00E2\u0080\u0094During June and part of\nJuly a close watch was kept for the reappearance of this beetle at Grand Forks. None\nwere found or reported up to the middle of July. This is the second consecutive year\nthat none of these beetles made their appearance.\nImported Onion-maggot (Hylemyia antiqua).\u00E2\u0080\u0094This insect was quite active in this\ndistrict for the first time, and injury to seedling onions was about equally divided\nbetween this maggot and the ever-present wireworm. Very few thrips had made their\nappearance on the onion-crop at Grand Forks up to the middle of July. The seed-crops\nwere making excellent development with practically no insect pests to check their\ngrowth.\nDue to ill-health I found it necessary to return to Vernon in the middle of July\nand was therefore unable to complete the usual check-up of pests in this district.\nGladiolus Thrips (Tseniothrips simplex).\u00E2\u0080\u0094Several small infestations of this insect\nwere noted in local gardens in Vernon.\nOFFICE-WORK.\nGeneral correspondence and library work was attended to. Miss Bigland rendered\nstenographic assistance to the Horticultural office during the busy season.\nREPORT OF CHIEF VETERINARY INSPECTOR.\nAnson Knight, V.S., Chief Veterinarian.\nDuring the year the Inspectors have visited the principal dairy and stock areas of\nthe Province for the purpose of investigating reported outbreaks of disease, and carrying out their regular duties of T.B.-testing and inspection of dairy premises. The\nhealth of all domestic animals, as a whole, has been good, and no serious losses from\ncontagious disease have occurred. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 63\nGrain and hay crops have been well up to average, the latter somewhat higher,\nespecially throughout Northern and Central British Columbia. Although the stockmen\nand farmers were short of help, the crops were put under cover and, weather conditions\nbeing favourable, winter feed should be of good quality.\nPrices for live stock have been well maintained throughout the year, and above\naverage prices were paid for breeding stock. Swine production throughout the Peace\nBlock has greatly increased, the percentage of select hogs being around 29 per cent.,\nwhich compares very favourably with the older Provinces of the Dominion.\nThe diseases specified in this report have been investigated. Your Inspectors have\nendeavoured to assist the farmer and stock-owner with his live-stock problems.\nSTERILITY.\nSterility amongst cattle, due to vaginitis, which was prevalent some four or five\nyears in the western end of Central British Columbia, was not evident this year.\nThrough treatment and sanitary precautions, as advised by your Inspectors, the animals\naffected have become normal and are now regular breeders. A small outbreak in four\nsmall herds in the vicinity of Quesnel occurred. Remedial measures were advised.\nA community sire was in service in this area.\nABORTION.\nYour Inspectors in the Lower Fraser Valley and Vancouver Island report very\nlittle evidence of this disease.\nANEMIA.\nA number of calls have been made to ascertain the trouble experienced by swine-\nbreeders. In general, the trouble is one of anaemia, although faulty dietary practices\nare sometimes found.\nOne breeder located east of Kamloops lost two litters of pigs, which might have\nbeen due to the recently described condition known as acute hypoglycasmia.\nBLACKLEG.\nThere was an outbreak reported in the Beresford District. Advice was given for\nthe injection of Aggressin. All carcasses affected were burned and the surrounding\narea burned off. The corner of the field in which the dead animals were found was\nfenced off, as animals had died there in previous years. Stress was placed on the\nnecessity of vaccinating all young animals with Aggressin each spring in an area which\nis contaminated with the bacillus causing blackleg. In most cases, the rancher realizes\nthe possible loss from this disease and vaccinates all animals without fail.\nAnother outbreak occurred in the Louis Creek District. Losses stopped following\nthe injection of Aggressin.\nIt appears there were some losses from this disease in the Cranbrook District last\nfall. Stock-owners were interested in knowing how to combat and prevent this condition. The programme of calfhood vaccination, as instituted by your Department, will\nno doubt reduce or eliminate the incidence of this disease in future years.\nACTINOMYCOSIS (LUMP JAW).\nIsolated cases were observed in Central British Columbia and Cariboo Districts.\nThe stockmen recognize this disease and destroy advanced cases; early cases are either\ntreated or sent to the block. By observation, this disease is not so prevalent as in\nformer years.\nCOCCIDIOSIS.\nNo outbreak of this disease has been reported during the year to date. However,\na farmer in the Ashcroft District had some trouble which, on reporting after losses\nhad been suffered and the condition passed off, appeared possibly to have been one of\ncoccidiosis. An outbreak was reported in the Kamloops District, but investigation X 64 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nproved the condition to be the one known as \" winter dysentry.\" Treatment was outlined and the trouble subsided.\nEQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS.\nA few cases were reported as occurring in the vicinity of Kamloops, Okanagan,\nPritchard, and Nicola. Upon observing these cases, the symptoms shown did not correspond in all respects to those observed in Alberta a few years ago. The veterinary\npractitioner at Armstrong forwarded a head from a suspected case to the Lethbridge\nlaboratory; the results proved negative. The cases coming under observation agreed\nmore closely with the outbreak which occurred in the Niagara District of Ontario in\n1938, when sixty to seventy horses were affected. In this outbreak several brains and\nnumerous blood samples were sent to Guelph College and the Animal Disease Institute\nat Hull for examination, and in no instance was the true virus of equine infectious\nencephalomyelitis found, either eastern or western. Horses feeding on lucerne hay or\npasture during some years appear to develop a toxic encephalomyelitis, which can be\nrelieved by an active purgative and a grain of pilocarpine. Many cases observed in the\nlower interior of British Columbia recovered, but I understand a number, not observed\nby myself, had died. The report of Dr. Chamberlayne on this outbreak is as follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\" Equine Encephalomyelitis.\u00E2\u0080\u0094An outbreak of this disease occurred over a widespread area, including the Okanagan, Kamloops, Similkameen, and Nicola Districts.\n\" It should be pointed out that very few horse-owners vaccinated their animals this\nyear; hence large numbers of susceptible animals existed throughout the country. This\nseems rather unfortunate, for Department officials had repeatedly advised that all\nhorses should be vaccinated against encephalomyelitis.\n\" The first case was reported on July 17th from the town of Penticton, in which\ndistrict your Inspector happened to be working at the time. This case was soon followed by numerous others, all of which were quarantined together with the contact\nanimals. The horse-owners in the district were advised to vaccinate their animals,\nproviding they showed no signs of being affected with the disease. Four deaths were\nreported in this district. The carcasses were sprinkled with quicklime and deeply\nburied. Specimens were obtained and submitted to the laboratory for inspection.\n\" The district was soon organized; horses were brought down off the range and\nthe majority of the unaffected animals underwent vaccination.\n\" Had the owners in the districts profited by the experience of the Penticton men,\nthe disease might have been checked before becoming so widely spread. However, surrounding districts were slow in vaccinating; hence affected animals began to occur\nboth north and south of the original outbreak. It is doubtful if the disease existed\neast of the Okanagan.\n\" Nine deaths in all were reported. It has been learned since that other deaths\nand far more affected horses existed than were officially reported. Horse-owners\nexplained that they had not notified the Department for fear of having the rest of\ntheir horses quarantined just at their busy season.\n\" Probably the chief reason for this outbreak was due to the fact that a large\nmajority of the animals had not been vaccinated this year. Another factor leading to\nsuch a widespread outbreak was the unusual floods occurring throughout the Interior\nthis year. This provided breeding-grounds for an abundance of insects incriminated\nas possible vectors of the virus. It is to be hoped that most horse-owners will benefit\nby their experience this year and immunize their horses next spring.\"\nHEMORRHAGIC SEPTICAEMIA.\nThere is probably more occurrence of this disease than is genei-ally appreciated,\nfor, in talking to stockmen, losses are mentioned that were apparently due to\nsepticaemia.\nAn outbreak occurred this fall in the Nicola District. There were seven deaths\nand a number of other animals affected. Animals were posted and specimens procured\nfor laboratory examination. This attack was of an acute nature and showed so few\nof the normal pathological changes that haemorrhagic septicaemia was at first doubted. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 65\nHowever, the laboratory diagnosis removed the doubt. As animals had been lost in\nformer years under similar conditions, suggestions were made as to a change in\nhandling of the stock. Susceptible animals were vaccinated.\nA stock-owner in the Jaffray District has lost a few head of cattle each year over\na period of time. An ailing animal was examined but did not show any symptoms of\nthe disease. However, consideration of the history of the condition has led to the\nbelief that the Salmonella bacillus is the cause of the trouble. This has been explained\nto the owner, who has also been advised to try vaccination.\nMALNUTRITION (SHEEP).\nAt the request of the owner, a visit was made in the vicinity of Francois Lake to\ninspect his sheep\u00E2\u0080\u0094eighty-five ewes and twenty lambs. The ewes and lambs were\nherded on what appears to be good range with abundance of wild vetch, pea-vine, and\nnative grasses; no deleterious plants were found; the ewes were in fair condition,\nbut the lambs were thin and under-developed for their age. One lamb was killed and\nposted; no evidence of internal or external parasites was found; all organs of the\nbody appeared to be normal; absence of fat on the internal organs and muscles of\nthe body was quite pronounced. The soil probably lacks some ingredient which the\nforage cannot obtain, and thus the milk of the ewes would be deficient in certain elements that go to promote growth and thrift of the lambs.\nThe owner is willing to co-operate by carrying out feeding experiments this winter\nfor the purpose of finding out the cause of the deficiency as affecting his lambs and\newes.\nSome 12,000 sheep were examined for foot-rot prior to their grazing on Crown\nrange. During the inspection the flocks were put through a chute and examined\nindividually. Any sheep showing symptoms were examined more closely and the feet\npared out.\nOn the first inspection some flocks contained affected animals; consequently the\nflock was quarantined with instructions as to treatment. All flocks, except one, were\nfinally free of the disease and allowed to go to range, the one exception was given\na special limiting permit by the Forestry Department.\nA condition known as \" big foot \" is quite general and causes continual annoyance\nto sheep-owners. The method of handling has been to lance freely and apply tincture\nof iodine. Good results have been obtained.\nCertain ranges are contaminated with poisonous weeds and some losses are\nexperienced. An effort was made to point out to the sheepmen the dangerous plants\nand ways of destroying them.\nSome lambs were lost through \" dirt eating,\" but apparently this loss was stopped\nthrough the employment of a lamb creep.\nJOHNE'S DISEASE.\nSuspected cases of this disease were found on four farms over a period of a few\nyears. Advice was given by your Inspector as to control methods. This disease was\nreported in the annual report of 1925.\nTUBERCULOSIS.\nConsiderable time has been spent testing cattle for tuberculosis throughout the\nProvince, covering the Mainland coast, Lillooet, Kamloops (East and West), Nicola,\nOkanagan, East and West Kootenays, Cariboo, Central British Columbia, and Peace\nBlock. A total of 7,147 cattle have been T.B.-tested and twenty-seven reactors found.\nAll reactors have been destroyed. Appendix No. 6 gives a summary of districts visited,\nnumber of premises, number of cattle tested, and reactors found.\nDAIRY INSPECTION.\nThe inspection of dairy premises and herbs under the \" Milk Act\" has entailed\nconsiderable time. Owing to scarcity of help, your Inspectors find it very difficult for\n_ X 66 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nthe dairyman to pay attention to the essential details in milk production, such as the\nproper sterilizing of milk utensils and the cleanliness of cows and stables. As building\nmaterial is difficult to secure no new barns have been erected, and very little remodelling\nor repair-work has been carried out. A summary of districts visited, number of dairy\nstock inspected, and grading of premises will be found in Appendix No. 7.\nREPORT OF LIVE STOCK BRANCH.\nWallace R. Gunn, V.S., B.S.A., B.V.Sc, Commissioner.\nThe year 1942 has been in many respects a most favourable one, with live stock\nand field crop production up to a high average in almost all parts of the Province.\nThe greatest single problem affecting live-stock production has perhaps been the\nscarcity of adequately trained labour. National Service has drawn heavily not only\nupon the supply of labour but, unfortunately, has removed many key men from farms\nand ranches, which has resulted in a definite reduction of the productivity of these\nfarms or ranches.\nHORSES.\nHorse-breeding did not receive any marked attention this year in the Province.\nLack of labour made it inadvisable for farmers to attempt raising their own horses,\nand there was no advantage in attempting to raise horses for immediate farm needs.\nConsequently, the chief activity within the industry was the purchase of work-horses\nto supplement machine-power where this was an absolute necessity. The following is\nthe classification of stallions in the Province of British Columbia: \" A,\" 17; \" B,\" 10;\n\"C,\"7; \"D,\"6; \"E,\"5; and \" F,\" 2.\n\" A \" and \" B \" class horses are the two top grades of registered horses and are\nrecorded as free from hereditary diseases and unsoundness and are fit for premium.\n\" C \" class is for registered horses showing some minor unsoundness not felt by the\nInspectors to be of a serious nature. \" D \" class is for grade stallions, all of which\nmust be sound and up to a reasonable weight before being permitted to travel; \" E \" is\nthe interim certificates issued for pure-bred stallions, and \" F \" is the interim certificates issued for grade stallions.\nEvery effort is being made to eliminate the undesirable stallion carrying hereditary diseases from the field of breeding within the Province. Special mention should\nbe made of the very fine co-operation received from the Federal Department of Agriculture, in which they undertake to inspect all stallions coming into the Province.\nPermits are only issued to top-grading stallions for entry to British Columbia, and\nonly to those passed by Federal Inspectors.\nThe usual encouragement is given to the purchase of good quality young pure-bred\nstallions by farmers and horsemen throughout the Province to replace grade and other\nundesirable individuals.\nBEEF CATTLE.\nThe beef-cattle industry has had a very good year. Marketings have been somewhat irregular, due to uncertainty with respect to Wartime Prices and Trade Board\nrulings, but, generally speaking, beef cattlemen have had a very satisfactory year.\nThe following are prices for good steers on the Calgary market: \u00E2\u0080\u0094\nJanuary 1st, $9.25; January 8th, $9.50; January 15th, $9.50; January 22nd,\n$9.50; January 29th, $9.50; February 12th, $9.25; February 19th, $9.50; February\n26th, $9.50; March 5th, $9.50; March 12th, $9.75; March 19th, $9.75; March 26th,\n$9.75; April 2nd, $10; April 9th, $10; April 16th, $10; April 23rd, $10; April 30th,\n$10; May 7th, $10.50; May 14th, $10.50; May 21st, $10.75; May 28th, $11; June 4th,\n$12; June 11th, $12.25; June 18th, $12.25; June 25th, $12.50; July 2nd, $12; July\n9th, $10; July 16th, $10.25; July 23rd, $10.25; July 30th, $10.50; August 6th, $10.50;\nAugust 13th, $10.50; August 20th, $10.25; August 27th, $10; September 10th, $9.25;\nSeptember 17th, $9.25; September 24th, $9.25; October 1st, $9.25; October 8th, $9.25; DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 67\nOctober 15th, $9.75; October 22nd, $9.75; October 29th, $9.75; November 5th, $9.75;\nNovember 12th, $9.75. (Vancouver prices for this period were somewhat the same.)\nFalling in line with an agreed departmental policy, the practice of district sales\nin the Province has been further extended this year. Details of the Kamloops Bull\nSale and Fat-stock Show may be obtained from the report of the District Agriculturist, G. A. Luyat. I might say that the average for this year was $110.70 per head\nfor 453 head of commercial cattle, the grand champion individual bringing $70 per\nhundred. Bull prices were as follows: The top price for Herefords was $850, with an\naverage of $319.80 for seventy-six head. Shorthorn bulls averaged $219.50 for thirty\nhead, and the total for the entire sale was $82,383.11.\nThe fall Stocker and Feeder Sale at Williams Lake in October saw 1,960 cattle and\n60 bulls auctioned. The average for yearling steers was $9.01; two-year-old steers,\n$9.27; yearling heifers, $8.90; and two-year-old heifers, $8.94. The total for the sale\nwas $162,340.93. Hereford bulls averaged $325 for 54 head, with a high price of $470.\nThe average for Shorthorns was $235 for 6 head; the top price being $300.\nThe Central British Columbia Live-stock Association sale, held at Kamloops on\nSeptember 29th, saw 1,073 cattle sold for a total of $67,478.\nFor more details, I would refer you to the reports of the District Agriculturists\nfrom Central British Columbia.\nA most successful sale was held by Waldo Stock-breeders' Association, at Elko, on\nOctober 17th, 1942, when 427 head of cattle of different classifications sold for\n$28,320.10, making an average of $66.30 per head. Five hundred and fourteen head of\nsheep sold for $2,950.94, making a total for the sale of $31,271.04. For more details,\nI would refer you to the report of the District Agriculturist. This sale was definitely a\nrevelation to the people of the East Kootenays, and comes as a result of many years of\norganization work within the territory in an effort to put the live-stock industry of that\ndistrict on a sound basis.\nA large number of better sires have again been placed in different sections of the\nProvince under the Farmers' Institute policy. It is interesting to note that at the\nrecent Elko sale practically all of the top cattle at the sale were sired by bulls placed in\nthe district under this policy. Under the section \" Nutrition and Animal Health \" the\ngeneral problems facing the beef industry will be dealt with.\nDAIRY CATTLE.\nPerhaps no branch of the industry has suffered more as a result of labour shortages\nthan has the dairy-cattle industry. Where adequate help has not been available, dairy\nherds must be reduced, and this is the situation that obtained in the Province during\nthe latter part of this year. The increase in butter prices established by the Wartime\nPrices and Trade Board did considerable to stimulate production for butter manufacture, but even this could not overcome the effect of labour shortage. On the Lower\nMainland and on Vancouver Island and the Gulf Islands sales were almost a daily\noccurrence during the entire autumn. The unfortunate thing that should not be forgotten is that frequently all of the heifers and young cows that carried any flesh at all\nwere purchased by butchers for slaughter to take care of the temporary shortage in beef\nthat existed at that time. This shortage came about as a result of temporary market\ndisturbances when cattle shipments were being withheld. It is safe to predict that in\nthe course of the next year, or two years, that there might be a shortage in replacement\ncattle for our dairy herds. During the year our campaign of calfhood vaccination\nagainst brucellosis has got well under way. For a more detailed report, I would refer\nyou to the section under \" Brucellosis Control.\"\nSHEEP.\nSheep prices for the year might be said to be scarcely in line with the prices for\nother agricultural products. The following are the prices for lamb for the year on the\nCalgary market:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nJanuary 1st, $9.25; January 8th, $9.25; January 15th, $9.75; January 22nd, $10;\nJanuary 29th, $10; February 12th, $10.50; February 19th, $10.50; February 26th, X 68\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\n$10.50; March 5th, $11; March 12th, $11; March 19th, $11; March 26th, $11.25;\nApril 2nd, $11; April 9th, $11; April 16th, $11; April 23rd, $11; April 30th, $11;\nMay 7th, $11; May 14th, $11; May 21st, $11; May 28th, $12; June 4th, $13; June\n11th, $13; June 18th, $13.50; June 25th, $13.50; July 2nd, $13.75; July 9th, $13;\nJuly 16th, $13; July 23rd, $13; July 30th, $11.50; August 6th, $10.50; August 13th,\n$10; August 20th, $9.75; August 27th, $9.75; September 10th, $10; September 17th,\n$10; September 24th, $10.25; October 1st, $10.25; October 8th, $10.25; October 15th,\n$10.25; October 22nd, $10.25; October 29th, $10; November 5th, $10.25; November\n12th, $10.25. (Vancouver prices for this period were somewhat the same.)\nThe National sheep policy, developed on the suggestion of the Federal Department\nof Agriculture, in which an increase of some 20 to 25 per cent, in the sheep population\nof the Province was looked for, fell somewhat short. It is doubtful whether this aim\nwill be reached by the end of the year. Your Commissioner attended two conferences\nheld in Ottawa during the year, and is of the opinion that the best use was possibly not\nmade of the opportunities afforded. The programme was instituted somewhat too late\nin the season to make the best use of the supply of breeding stock available. Again,\nsome little consideration might profitably have been given to.an increase in lamb, and\nparticularly wool, prices to bring them more in line with other agricultural commodities.\nThis would have definitely emphasized the whole programme to established sheepmen\nand to other persons interested in making a beginning in the business. Your Commissioner advanced the idea of a slight increase in wool prices at the conference, but\nwas supported by one other Province only in the beginning.\nIt is hard to estimate at this time just how much our increase will be and whether\nthe reduction in some of our larger range flocks, as a result of labour shortages, will not\nvery nearly off-set the increases obtained under the policy.\nIt seems superfluous to constantly make reference to the two questions of predatory\nanimals and sheep-killing dogs, but I, nevertheless, must refer to them again, in face\nof the demand for nation-wide increase in sheep production. Predators, without a\ndoubt, are definitely on the increase, with a corresponding decrease in sheep production\nin the range and outlying centres of the Province. It is likely that the chief answer\nwill come in the way of increase in bounties. Until some one realizes the comparative\nunimportance of certain wild animals as compared to the importance of the sheep\nindustry, little can be done to correct this particular situation. If fencing could be\nsecured, it is possible that coyote-proof fences could be erected on certain selected farms.\nHowever, in order to get the plan generally adopted, a great deal of organization and\neducational work would have to be done by this Department. Along with this must\nalso go work with tame pasture, a plan long advocated by your Commissioner. The one\nother possible help, to a limited extent, would be the use of community bands, which is\nbeing adopted in some districts, but which could be extended to other parts of the\nProvince to advantage.\nTurning to the losses from sheep-killing dogs, the following is a summary:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nYear.\nSheep.\nCompensation.\nPoultry.\nCompensation.\nGoats.\nCompensation.\n1939 \t\n361\n191\n109\n74\n$2,480.00\n1,659.25\n988.50\n828.00\n212\n531\n203\n306\n$176.86\n396.14\n440.16\n243.48\n6\n2\n$37.00\n1940\t\n1941 \t\n1942 ...\t\nThe sheep-killing dog is one of the greatest single problems facing sheepmen in the\nmixed-farming areas of the Province. Many sections are definitely out of sheep as a\nresult of attacks upon their flocks by dogs. We must still record the fact that there\nare many dogs still untagged and uncared for, and permitted to run about attacking\nsheep. In some of the Coast centres where there are many military camps, dogs are\nallowed to remain with no definite ownership and are known to frequently become sheep-\nkillers. Very good co-operation, however, has been received from those in charge in\ntrying to keep down this added menace to the sheep industry. Under the section DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 69\n\" Nutrition and Animal Health \" more will be said about the specific problems in this\nfield as it applies to the sheep industry.\nSWINE.\nSwine producers have had a very successful year. With more favourable feed\nprices, coming as a result of the free freight policy on grain, coupled with an increase\nin price for pork for export to Great Britain, swinemen have generally been able to\nmake reasonable profits. For the year 1942, Canada's contract with Great Britain\ncalled for 600,000,000 lb. of bacon and pork products, and for the coming year this has\nbeen advanced to 670,000,000 lb. The effort of this Department to encourage a legitimate increase in our swine production has been definitely shown to be on a sound basis.\nTo those farmers who refused to adopt the programme outlined by this Department,\nit must now be clear that they would have been well advised to accept our suggestion.\nFarmers must be prepared to look some little distance ahead and take a reasonable\nchance in any undertaking. A certain number of brood sows under the Provincial-\nFederal policy are continually being placed in small groups throughout the Province.\nGenerally speaking, the sows placed in the last year have been proving quite satisfactory. We are now in the position where very few outside sows have to be brought in.\nYour Commissioner, working with some of the district officers, is aiming to develop\nsome new sections of the country as swine-raising districts. One of our greatest\nproblems in getting such policies established is the necessity for a volume of supply\nsufficient to make car-load shipments possible. Already in some of our centres, where\nsome work has been done for the last several years, shipments are now regularly going\nto market, and it is hoped that the industry has been permanently established in these\ndistricts. Generally speaking, your Commissioner has endeavoured in all the work\nattached to the Branch to try to attack the problems of agriculture on a general district\nbasis aimed to bring the most out of the particular community. This thought has been\nkept in mind for many years, and is at last now making itself shown in several\ncommunities.\nNUTRITION AND ANIMAL HEALTH.\nIt may sometimes be asked why so much attention is being given to the problem\nof animal nutrition and animal health in the work of the Live Stock Branch. It is the\napproved policy of the Branch to deal fundamentally with first things first. If time is\ntaken to study the entire live-stock field, it will be agreed that any improvement must\nrotate roughly around three main points\u00E2\u0080\u0094namely, sound healthy live stock ; properly\nnourished live stock, and intelligently bred live stock. It can at once be seen from the\nabove that the third factor, while of paramount importance, can not possibly accomplish\nanything of worth unless supported by the two fundamental factors of sound health and\nproper nutrition. With this general idea in mind, the Branch has gone forward with\nthe idea of protecting the industry against disease; with the idea of eradicating or\ncontrolling disease in general, and by the placing of emphasis upon a sound nutrition\nand the correction of the deficiencies found so generally in feeding practices. With this\nfoundation work well under way, the final steps in the way of improved breeding, by\nthe addition of better bred and proven sires of approved blood lines, naturally follow.\nIn many parts of the Province we are able to report very fine work in this latter field.\nThis general plan brings us to the place where our organized sales finally round out the\nprogramme.\nI will now deal briefly with some of the more important diseases, and nutritional\nconditions affecting the industry.\n(a.) Hemorrhagic Septicemia.\u00E2\u0080\u0094The term \" haemorrhagic septicaemia \" is perhaps\ntoo narrow a one to apply to this disease, as it is generally found and in the light of our\npresent knowledge. Perhaps the term \" shipping fever \" is more inclusive.\nWith the cattle business rapidly becoming a more complicated activity, including\ngreater concentration of animals at central points, the movement of cattle from such\ncentres to feed-lots and back again to ranches, it is natural to expect a definite increase\nin the incidence of this complex of infections included under the term \" shipping\nfever.\" It is satisfying to note that we in British Columbia have again led in the field X 70 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nof practical education to our industry in the control of this trouble. Predictions made\nsome years ago are to-day coming true, and the advice given at that time with respect\nto the preparation of cattle for entrance to sales and feed-lots is now receiving the\nattention of stockmen. If our advice is followed, all sales will soon be built upon the\ndefinite requirement of preparatory vaccination before entries will be accepted.\nYour Commissioner uncovered an interesting disease outbreak in the South Cariboo\narea, affecting perhaps 40 per cent, of the cattle running on the particular range. This\nis worthy of mention, as one of the peculiar conditions which may be included within\nthe wider group of closely related infections which we know as \" shipping fever.\" This\noutbreak appeared during the early autumn. Its dominant symptom seemed to be a\npronounced oedema of the glottis, causing profuse salivation, frequent coughing, definite\ndistress, and death in many instances from strangulation. Post-mortem finding did\nnot show any markedly dominant lesion except, in some cases, where evidence was found\nof modifications in the intestines indicating a septicaemia. This is the first time this\ncondition made its appearance in such a severe or extensive outbreak. Some few\nlimited mild outbreaks have been noted from time to time in the past by your Commissioner. It is interesting to note that the cattle on the range where this outbreak\noccurred have been exposed to addition of cattle from outside sources. It is of interest\nto note, also, that shipping fever is making its appearance more generally in dairying\ndistricts. A severe type of the disease appeared in midsummer in the upper end of\nVancouver Island. This outbreak seemed to be more of the true haemorrhagic form of\nsepticaemia. Your Commissioner has spent much time on educational work with this\ndisease, and endeavours to keep the industry informed upon the most improved methods\nof control. Circular 23 gives general information.\n(b.) Coccidiosis.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Very few serious outbreaks of this trouble made their appearance in the range sections of the Province. Extensive work in this trouble amongst\nrange cattle herds of the Province carried on several years ago has resulted in a quite\neffective control being developed. While the view is still taken that nutritional errors,\nand perhaps even a virus, may contribute, one thought has been developed as a result of\nobservations made with a very effective treatment developed by your Commissioner.\nI am of the opinion that fatalities in this disease come about finally as a result of\n\" shock \" resulting from the copious loss of body tissue fluids escaping into the lumen\nof the bowel, resulting in a more or less complete dehydration and deoxidation of the\nbody tissues. The treatment developed and as simply outlined in page 12 of Circular 27\nwhich calls for the use of liberal quantities of physiological salt solution used as\nenemata gives such consistently good results, especially with these very severe highly\ndehydrated cases, that the above conclusion has been considered the most plausible\nexplanation. This treatment is now adopted quite generally in the Province and in\nmany sections of the range country of the United States.\n(c.) Calculi in Range Steers.\u00E2\u0080\u0094The incidence of this condition was not so high\nas had been anticipated, and it is felt that the rather energetic educational campaign\ncarried out may have helped to reduce the incidence of this trouble. The appearance\nof this trouble in alarming proportions some five years ago in several sections of the\nrange country called for some attention. On examining the situation it was observed\nthat one unusual condition obtained, and that was that all affected steers were running\non open winter range, and were receiving no supplementary feed as in average years.\nThe deduction was made that this dry range grass, deficient in Vitamin A and low in\nprotein, coupled with a water-supply highly charged with alkali, furnished the proper\ncombination to secure this result. A similar condition was found in male pigs fed only\non grain and having access to alkali water.\nThe suggestion was made to put steer calves on good alfalfa-hay early- in the\nautumn, regardless of weather, and it is pleasing to note that almost complete correction\nof the situation has been secured. Pigs were given green feed with like result. It is\ninteresting to note that the recent findings of several groups of research-workers have\nverified this opinion.\n(d.) Mineral and Vitamin Deficiencies\u00E2\u0080\u0094These have been dealt with in earlier\nreports and little can be added, except to say that at last our educational campaign is\nsecuring Province-wide acceptance. The general improvement in the nutrition of our live stock of all classes is evidence of the importance of proper mineral balance.\nCoupled with this, and inseparable from it, is the need for close attention to a proper\nvitamin content in all feeds. This field calls for copious study in order to keep abreast\nof the times. All these deficiencies seem to closely supplement the effects of some of\nour poisonous plants, such as astragalus campestris, which has been proven to be the\nprimary cause of such conditions as \" knock-heel \" in cattle, \" Clinton horse disease,\"\netc. Ranchers in these areas where this plant is prevalent report definite improvement\nwhere attention is given to proper mineral balance.\n(e.) A rather alarming condition made its appearance amongst young calves in\ndairy herds. These calves were born apparently normal, but within a day or so would\ndevelop a more or less violent digestive disturbance, appearing as a diarrhoea, and quite\ndifferent from the so-called \" white scours.\" This would invariably be followed by a\nfatal pneumonia, and death usually in less than a week.\nYour Commissioner had warned, especially dairy cattlemen, the autumn before, of\npossible trouble of this nature in calves. The thought came because of the bad hay-\nsupply generally in the Fraser Valley. This badly weathered hay was almost entirely\ndevoid of its usual Vitamin A content and, of course, the soluble protein. The pregnant cow, as a result, could pass but very little Vitamin A on to her foetus, and her\nfirst milk would also be low in this vital product. As a result, all mucous membranes,\nsuch as those lining the intestinal tract and tubes of the lung, would offer little or no\nresistance to the usual attacking micro-organisms regularly found about stables. These\nmight include even the coccidium organism, as well as other organisms capable of\nproducing bowel and lung disturbance.\nThe suggestion was made that in susceptible herds, calves as soon as born be protected by means of high Vitamin A oils, such as cod-liver oil or shark oil. When this\npractice was followed, the trouble invariable ceased.\n(/.) Johne's Disease.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Your Commissioner begs to report the uncovering of the\nabove disease in the central part of Vancouver Island. The number of herds affected\nis not yet known, but at least one herd shows the disease existent to quite a considerable\nextent. An unusual set of conditions obtained in some herds in this particular district\nfor some years, and previous diagnosis and suggested treatment, made throughout the\nyears, did not seem to be securing results. Your Commissioner arrived at the conclusion that Johne's disease might be the cause of the trouble. Accordingly, Johnin\nfor the application of an intradermal test was secured from the Federal Department of\nAgriculture, Animals' Diseases Research Institute, and tests were made on three herds\nhaving a questionable history. One herd proved to have no reactors; a second herd\nshowed one suspect, and a third herd showed four reactors or suspects. This test was\ncompleted on September 11th of this year. On September 20th your Commissioner\nwas able to perform a post-mortem on one animal in this herd, and was quite convinced\nthat the gross post-mortem symptoms indicated the trouble to be Johne's disease.\nHowever, material was taken from this case for bacteriological examination and, with\nthe kind co-operation of Dr. E. A. Bruce, Pathologist in charge of the Dominion Government Pathological Laboratory, at Saanichton, the following report was received on\nNovember 23rd: \" With reference to specimens you recently submitted from a suspected case of Johne's disease\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ear-tag No. X16686\u00E2\u0080\u0094I beg to advise you that microscopic examination shows typical Johne's disease bacilli in abundance.\"\nThis confirmation of our field-work is quite gratifying, and gives us a basis on\nwhich to attack this problem and furnish the necessary information to make eradication\nof the condition possible.\n(g.) Equine Encephalomyelitis (Sleeping Sickness in Horses).\u00E2\u0080\u0094The same type of\ncontrol of the above condition, through the medium of local committees, as was developed\non the first appearance of the disease in British Columbia, was undertaken. Each\ncommittee received the usual advice and suggestions, with the definite request that they\ncontinue their efforts to secure as complete a vaccination of horses in their district as\npossible. On many occasions I expressed myself as being worried over being able to\nretain interest on the part of horsemen in this programme. By quite complete vaccinations in previous years, we have been able in the past to hold down cases of the disease X 72 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nto almost zero. Horsemen in general have become more and more convinced in their\nown minds that vaccination was not necessary. As a consequence, the number of vaccinations this year was quite low and, as predicted, the disease began to make its\nappearance in greater numbers of cases than in any other previous year. It is interesting to note that adjacent to, and within the areas where the disease first made its\nappearance, although only to a very limited extent, are the places where the disease\nrecurred and where it definitely began to extend this year. Another interesting point\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nand one that I have frequently made inquiries about to see if workers with the disease\nhad any explanation to offer\u00E2\u0080\u0094is that in districts where we have no history of the\ndisease why the trouble should suddenly appear. The only reasonable explanation\nI have to offer is that horses coming into these districts from outside the Province\nsomehow carried the infection, and this despite the fact that in every case they had\nbeen vaccinated before shipment, because in many instances imported horses seemed\nto be associated with these outbreaks.\nYour Commissioner is of the opinion that there is a great deal yet to learn about\nthe control of this very important disease. Statistics continue to definitely demonstrate\nthe great importance the disease holds in the field of public health, and it is your Commissioner's considered opinion that some specific programme should be undertaken by\npublic-health authorities in order to protect the human population. It seems yet to be\nthe opinion of some authorities in the field of public health that the responsibility for\nthe complete control of this disease rests with departments of agriculture; but it may\nbe well to point out that, in the strict sense of the word, after such departments have\ncarried on sufficient educational work with farmers, showing them the necessity for\nprotecting their animals against the disease, their responsibility ends. However, up\nuntil the present time your Commissioner has gone to great length in endeavouring to\ncontrol this disease, and in emphasizing its importance as a public-health matter and\nhoping that public-health authorities would line up in an active way. It is possible\nthat the health people have felt that we were dealing with the matter fully and the\nsituation did not call for any additional effort on their part, but I would like to state at\nthis time that the whole matter has now got to the place where it requires joint action.\nTwo years ago a human case was reported in the Province, and one possible human\ndeath. The Director of the South Okanagan Health Unit reports in the Kelowna\n\" Courier \" of November 2nd, 1942, that encephalomyelitis (sleeping sickness) was\ncontracted by one resident of the Kelowna District this year. All this, I would say\nagain, points to the importance of my oft-repeated statement that, if we do not take\norganized action to deal with this problem, we will not only lose many horses, but may\nhave many human cases and possibly fatalities. Furthermore, the disease will, as a\nresult, become permanently established in many sections of this Province, which means\nthat at no time is our horse population or our human population free from danger from\nthe disease.\nIn this work I want to thank Dr. E. C. Chamberlayne, Veterinary Inspector of this\nDepartment, for his very fine work in co-operating with the Branch in helping to control\nthe disease in the Interior of the Province. His work follows in line with that done in\nprevious years by Drs. J. D. Macdonald and D. H. McKay. I also wish to express\nappreciation for the assistance given by Dr. J. M. Hershey, Health Unit Director,\nKelowna. A separate report in more detail will be forthcoming when district reports\nhave all been received.\n(h.) Calf hood Vaccination against Brucellosis.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Following the permission received\nfrom the Federal Department of Agriculture that brucellosis vaccine be imported into\nthe Province, a programme for the organization of dairy cattlemen was instituted, with\nthe idea of getting the most complete economical and efficient plan developed. Accordingly, your Commissioner spent some time in the early part of the year in such organization work in the Fraser Valley. To-day we have almost all of the Valley organized\ninto working units under Bang's Control Associations. Each of these districts has a\npresident, secretary, and a group of directors. The secretary is carefully selected as\nan individual prepared to list all calves in the district, so that they may be vaccinated\nwithin the prescribed period. By group vaccination under this plan, the cost per DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 73\nannum has been kept down to a minimum. Only qualified registered veterinarians are\npermitted to do the work. It is not possible at this time to give a detailed report of the\nwork, since we have not yet reached the end of our year. A detailed report will be\navailable at a later date. We have at the present time eighteen veterinarians\nco-operating in this programme, and' to date 3,220 calves have been vaccinated. The\nresponse that we have received would seem to indicate that farmers generally are very\ninterested in undertaking the control of brucellosis according to this plan. It is most\ngratifying to your Commissioner to feel that the programme seems to be working out\nso satisfactorily, since this method of procedure was consistently advocated by us when\nmost other groups had a different opinion. To-day, however, we are receiving the support of all interested bodies. There is a great deal of detail work yet to be done in\norder to round out the work completely; that is being proceeded with as time permits.\nAs the years go on, it is hoped that the incidence of brucellosis in the dairy herds of\nour Province will be definitely reduced. With a gradual reduction in the incidence of\nbrucellosis in the dairy herds of the Province I feel sure that we may look forward to\nthe time when this disease will not be a serious problem for our cattlemen, nor one to\ndraw the attack of public-health authorities.\n(i.) Caseous Lymphadenitis.\u00E2\u0080\u0094I am pleased to report a very definite improvement\nin the situation in flocks quarantined for the above disease. Detailed reports for the\nyear have not yet been fully received, hence it is impossible to give a complete report in\ndetail, but everything points to our being able to lift quarantine on a large part of the\nflocks held for the above disease. The few flocks that remain should be cleaned up by\nthe fall of 1943, permitting the lifting of all quarantines. Close watch is being kept on\nthe situation, and it is safe to say that we are not likely to have the disease appear to\nany great extent in any of our British Columbia flocks.\nIt is interesting to note that we have been able to reduce the incidence of this\ndisease from a percentage of around 22 per cent, in some flocks, running into a large\nnumber of affected animals, to the point where some thirty-nine head only were recorded\nat the end of our second year of control. This policy met with the general approval of\nour sheepmen. Some, however, as would be expected, objected to any control. But, in\nanswer to those and any other critics, we only have to suggest that they examine the\nresults secured for their answer. The disease has world-wide distribution, and in some\ncountries has become of definite economic importance. Our action has prevented this\nsituation from developing in British Columbia. It is expected that other Provinces\nwill fall in line with a programme built on much the same plan as that established in\nthis Province.\n(/.) Warble-fly and Tick Control.\u00E2\u0080\u0094The programme of warble-fly control in British\nColumbia on the area plan was the first developed in Canada, and I believe on the\ncontinent. This method of control by means of derris washes applied to the. backs of\ninfested animals has been consistently followed throughout the years, until we are in\nthe position to-day of having a good part of the Province under control. Almost all of\nour large dairy centres situated in the Fraser Valley have been under control for several\nyears, and have reached the point where there will possibly be less than one warble per\nanimal recorded. In the North Okanagan, where the work was first undertaken, our\noriginal area\u00E2\u0080\u0094the Deep Creek Valley\u00E2\u0080\u0094has long since been declared warble free. In\nother adjacent dairying districts in that part of the Province most of the herds are\nnow free. One of our most heavily infested areas in and around Greater Kamloops has\nbeen under partial control for some years and shows marked improvement. It is hoped\nthis year to finally round out the entire territory. For the past two years work has\nbeen undertaken in the Cariboo country, particularly with ranch herds of beef cattle.\nIt is expected that this will be continued this year and extended to take in a greater part\nof the range country. In Central British Columbia and the Peace River Block the\ninfestation has been reduced to the place where the warble is almost entirely eliminated.\nA general round-up is expected to be made this year.\n, It is interesting to note that this work has been deemed of such importance by the\nFederal Government that it has seen fit to ask that an effort be made to entirely eradicate the warble from the herds of this Dominion. I feel sure that we are many years X 74 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nin advance of any other Province in this Dominion, and that our infestation with these\npests is much lower than that of any other part of the Dominion of Canada.\nI want at this time to thank the district officers who have so kindly co-operated in\nundertaking the detailed organization work in the field. Without their very conscientious effort this programme could not have been undertaken. For more detail on this\nwork, I would refer you to the report of the district officers.\nMany stockmen continue the use of standardized derris in the control of the wood-\ntick, along the lines suggested some years ago by your Commissioner.\nDuring the year 1942 I have to again report a definite increase in the work undertaken by the Live Stock Branch. Our many programmes have extended and developed\nto a marked extent. Other new pieces of work have come up for attention. Your\nCommissioner appreciates the opportunity given to follow the work intimately in the\nfield\u00E2\u0080\u0094this, I am convinced, is the only way to secure satisfactory results. Frequent\nvisits to the different parts of the country, discussing in detail the many programmes\nwith district officers, makes for much more satisfactory results. It has the added\nadvantage of keeping district officers better informed on departmental policies and\ninsures a uniformity of effort.\nREPORT OF RECORDER OF BRANDS.\nGeorge Pilmer, Recorder.\nIt is not possible to make any proper comparison with the previous year's shipments of cattle until complete returns for 1942 are received in January.\nIn the early fall the regular movement of cattle to market was held up owing to\nthe uncertainty regarding prices under the Wartime Prices and Trade Board's ceiling\nprices, but in October cattle began to move freely again, and it looks as if the figures\nof last year's total shipments will be at least equalled, with variations up and down in\ndifferent districts.\nThis year, however, there was a large decrease in shipments to Prairie and Eastern\nProvinces and to the United States, the number this year only being about 15 per cent,\nof last year's figures. This is due largely to increased consumption of beef in the\nProvince by the armed forces and by tradesmen getting higher wages.\nFinal figures of shipments for the year will be supplied as soon as possible.\nBrand-inspection work was done as usual by the Provincial Police at fifty-two\nshipping points as follows: Quesnel, Alexis Creek, Bella Coola, Clinton, Lillooet, Bridge\nRiver and Bralorne, Lytton, Spences Bridge, Ashcroft, Blue River, Chase, Salmon Arm,\nEnderby, Armstrong, Vernon, Lumby, Revelstoke, Nakusp, Kelowna, Penticton, Summerland, Princeton, Hedley, Keremeos, Oliver, Greenwood, Grand Forks, Rossland,\nTrail, Fruitvale, Castlegar, Salmo, Nelson, Kaslo, New Denver, Creston, Yahk, Cranbrook, Kimberley, Wardner, Fernie, Natal, Invermere, Golden, Smithers, Hazelton,\nTerrace, Burns Lake, Vanderhoof, Prince George, McBride, and Red Pass.\nAt Kamloops and Williams Lake brand-inspection work is carried out by full-time\nInspectors paid by this Department, and by part-time Inspectors at nine shipping\npoints; namely, Soda Creek, Lac la Hache, 100-Mile House, Pavilion, Nicola, Telkwa,\nHouston, Forestdale, and Endako.\nOnly two changes were made this year; namely, E. C. Barger, Telkwa, and H.\nViney, Endako, replacing previous Inspectors who had resigned.\nThe active and willing co-operation of the Provincial Police in carrying out the\nwork of brand inspection and much other assistance in connection with the operation\nof the \" Stock-brands Act \" is greatly appreciated.\nRange-riding.\u00E2\u0080\u0094A number of ranchers in the Clinton District co-operated again to\nhire a man, Mr. Pigeon, to ride the ranges, as they have found by experience that this\nwork is well worth the money spent on it. The Department assisted them by making\na small grant from moneys collected under the \" Horned Cattle Purchases Act \" Fund. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 75\nConvictions were obtained in the following cases:\u00E2\u0080\u0094Driving stock without inspection: Two, at Clinton. Shipping hides without inspection: Three, at Dawson Creek.\nShipping stock without inspection: Six, at Williams Lake (2), Fernie, Grand Forks,\nGreenwood, and Nelson. Shipping beef illegally: One, at Hedley. Dealing in stock\nwithout a licence: One, at Fernie.\nThe Wartime Prices and Trade Board have just announced that on January 1st\nall slaughtering of cattle and other live stock for other than private consumption may\nonly be done under permit from the Board. This is in order to give the Board a better\ncheck on the supply of meats, and it should not interfere with our licensing of slaughter-houses under the \" Stock-brands Act,\" which is for the purpose of ensuring that\nslaughtering is being done lawfully. In the same way the business of dealing in hides,\nwhich is licensed under the \" Stock-brands Act,\" has also been licensed by the Wartime\nPrices and Trade Board for the last year.\nAs a result of the better prices for beef many ranchers who had gone out of business some years ago are again raising stock, and many others have started raising\ncattle, resulting in an increased demand for brands.\nThe number of licences issued during 1942 was: Slaughter-house, forty-one; stock-\ndealers, seventy-five; hide-dealers, seventy-eight; horse-slaughterers, twenty-two; and\nbeef-peddlers, sixteen. A complete list of the licensees is as follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nSLAUGHTER-HOUSE LICENCES ISSUED DURING 1942.\nChristenson, A. C, Bella Coola; Nygaard, M., Bella Coola; Fardol, 0., Quesnel;\nHill, L. L., Quesnel; Pavilion Ranches, Ltd., Pavilion; Kamloops District Farm Co-op.\nAssociation, Kamloops; Stephens, C, Kamloops; Cameron, A., Ashcroft; Parrottino\n& Rizzo, Merritt; Belshaw, D., Merritt; Guichon Ranch, Ltd., Quilchena; S.A. Meat\n& Produce Co., Salmon Arm; Burns & Co., Ltd., Salmon Arm; Johnston, S. S., Salmon\nArm; Carlson, E., Armstrong; Murray, F. J., Armstrong; Gaven, Fred, Vernon;\nBurns & Co., Ltd., Vernon; Good, Jas., Vernon; Edwards, Lisle G., Vernon; Hill, John,\nLavington; Harper, J. O., Nakusp; Mrs. Bailey & Fraitzl, Nakusp; D. K. Gordon,\nLtd., Kelowna; Powick, John, Kelowna; Braham, H., Kelowna; Marshall, M. W.,\nKelowna; Hitchner, L. D., Westbank; Madill, J. S., Penticton; Campbell, J. R., Summerland; Marriott, T. W., Okanagan Falls; W. White & Son, Oliver; Burns & Co.,\nLtd., Grand Forks; Pennoyer, C. A., Grand Forks; Talarico, S., Grand Forks; Pen-\nnoyer, 0., Grand Forks; Harasimoff, Mike, Grand Forks; Wright, J. A., Rossland;\nMuzzin, P., Trail; Pratt, E., Thrums; Burns & Co., Ltd., Creston; Walkley, Mrs. L.,\nCranbrook; Burns & Co., Ltd., Cranbrook; Burns & Co., Ltd., Invermere; Hansen,\nP. R., Edgewater; Little, G., Terrace; Kelly, N., Tschesinkut Lake; Hawker, G. R.,\nVanderhoof; Cuthill, E. F., Fort St. John; Bullen, W. S., Dawson Creek; Lawrence,\nG. S., Dawson Creek.\nHIDE-DEALER LICENCES ISSUED DURING 1942.\nGosman, A., Williams Lake; Christenson, A. C, Bella Coola; Alexis Creek Trading\nCo., Hanceville; Lundgren, C, Quesnel; Wood, R. E., Quesnel; Krestenuk, Ltd., Paul,\nQuesnel; Krestenuk, P., Nazko; Wo Hing, Lillooet; Pavilion Ranches, Ltd., Pavilion;\nKamloops Dairy Farm Co-op. Association, Kamloops; Stephens, C, Kamloops; Salmon\nArm Meat & Produce Co., Ltd., Kamloops; Dillabough, G., Kamloops; Scott, F. W.,\nKamloops; Pollard, J. E., Kamloops; Agar, L. N., Westwold; McClounies Cash Stores,\nLtd., Falkland; Weightman, H. W., Chase; Rebagliati, G. A., Lytton; Rebagliati,\nC. N., Lytton; Laidlaw, S. E., Merritt; Salmon Arm Meat & Produce Co., Ltd., Salmon\nArm; Burns & Co., Ltd., Salmon Arm; Johnston, S. S., Salmon Arm; Sauder, Mrs. A.,\nVernon; Huebner, W. P., Vernon; Gaven, Richard, Vernon; Camozzi, V., Revelstoke;\nHarper, J. 0., Nakusp; Marshall, M. W., Kelowna; Sorensen, K., Kelowna; Powick, J.,\nKelowna; Madill, J. S., Penticton; White, G. E., Oliver; Johnston, Edward, Oliver;\nChechik, M. P., Oliver; Woodford, W. A., Princeton; Cousins, A. V., Princeton; Overton, C. S., Keremeos; Hochsteiner, W., Osoyoos; Burns & Co., Ltd., Grand Forks;\nBrinkman, H. M., Grand Forks; Kootenay Consumers Co-op. Association, Trail; Mor- X 76 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\ngan, J. P., Nelson; Union Packing Co., Ltd., Nelson; O'Neil, I., Creston; Wolfman, N.,\nCreston; Gay, Camille, Creston; Biddlecomb, F., Kimberley; Weltman, J., Parson;\nSeward, J. A., Golden; Gareb, J. E., Golden; Watson's Store, Ltd., Smithers; Bus-\nsinger, C. P., Telkwa; Cocks, W. H., Quick; Bickle, Wm., Grassy Plains; Anderson, S.,\nDecker Lake; Bickle, W., Grassy Plains; Hawker, G. R., Vanderhoof; Johns, S. H.,\nPrince George; McCall, Max, Prince George; Hanna, M. B., Pouce Coupe; Klundt,\nE. J., Fort St. John; Bullen, W. S., Dawson Creek; Starns, H. M., Dawson Creek;\nLawrence, G. W., Dawson Creek; Hellerud, 0- W., Dawson Creek; Arnold, R., Vancouver; Bissinger & Co., Vancouver; Gilmore, M., Vancouver; Lister, R., Vancouver;\nBurns & Co., Ltd., Vancouver; Jensen, Nels J., Vancouver; Leckie, J., & Co., Ltd., Vancouver; Morrison, W. B., Eburne; Paris, P., Vancouver; Patterson, A., New Westminster;\nPearl, S., Vancouver; Shepherd, A., New Westminster; Turcott, L., Burnaby; Vandt, S.,\nVancouver; Grimshaw, W. H., Vancouver; Bissinger & Co. (M. Miner), Vancouver;\nAdirim, N., Nanaimo; Mouat Bros. Co., Ganges; Hubbard, H. W., Victoria; Cochrane,\nS., Edmonton; Love, J. E., & Son, Calgary; Milne, P. R., Calgary; Halford Hide &\nFur Co., Edmonton; Wyman, A., & Co., Edmonton; Rosenbaum, L., Calgary; Western\nTannery (Frank Bowes), Edmonton; Bissinger & Co., Spokane, Washington, U.S.A.;\nBeeman, C, Spokane, Washington, U.S.A.; Dudley, George, Dawson Creek.\nSTOCK-DEALER LICENCES ISSUED DURING 1942.\nDavidson, Geo. A., Williams Lake; Zirnhelt, J., 150-Mile House; Bourelle Bros.,\nHanceville; Pigeon, Aurelien Percy, Clinton; Pavilion Ranches, Ltd., Pavilion;\nAlexander, S. E., Kamloops; Hay, Geo. C, Kamloops; Smith, Jas. A., Kamloops;\nButterworth, E., Kamloops; Wilson, T. P., Kamloops; Campbell, T., Kamloops;\nCampbell, Edward, Kamloops; Schofield, F. D., Kamloops; Johnston, Alex., Black\nPool; Cameron, A., Ashcroft; Rebagliati, C. N., Lytton; Johnston, S. S., Salmon\nArm; Salmon Arm Meat & Produce Co., Ltd., Salmon Arm; Jackson, Geo. P.,\nSalmon Arm; Clent, Ed., Salmon Arm; Murray, F. J., Armstrong; Blackburn, J.,\nArmstrong: Gaven, Fred. Vernon: Smith. D. Carson, Vernon; Buerge, R., Nakusp;\nHughes, J. W., Kelowna; White, G. E., Oliver; Parker, S., Princeton; Richter, F. H.,\nKeremeos; Overton, C. S., Keremeos; Hochsteiner, William, Osoyoos; Jackson, R.,\nMidway; Guise, G. 0., Midway; Brinkman, H. M., Grand Forks; Wright, J. A., Rossland; Graham, John, Slocan City; Burns, Harry, Nelson; Eremenko, F., Castlegar;\nHlookoff, F., Castlegar; Luscher, W., Castlegar; Abey, F. H., Mirror Lake; O'Neil,\nR., Wynndel; Nickel, Geo., Creston; O'Neil, Ivan, Creston; Bowman, J. W., Natal;\nWeltman, Parson; Watson's Store, Ltd., Smithers; Bickle, W., Grassy Plains; Hawker,\nG. R., Vanderhoof; Cummings, Robert Geo., Prince George; Long, F. A., McBride;\nMillham, S. N., McBride; Fynn, J. H., Dawson Creek; Atkinson, G. W., Dawson Creek;\nDudley, S. E., Dawson Creek; Clark, A. F., Dawson Creek; Acheson, F., Vancouver;\nAmerican Live Stock Exporters, Ltd., Vancouver; Arnold, R., Vancouver; Atkinson,\nE., Vancouver; Baird & Co., Ltd., Vancouver; Dew, C. B., Vancouver; Interior Live\nStock Co., Ltd., Vancouver; Macdonalds Live Stock, Ltd., Vancouver; Meltzer, N.,\nVancouver; Merin, Max, Vancouver; Nemetz, C, Vancouver; Pacific Coast L.S. Distributors, Ltd., Vancouver; Prosser, Lester, Vancouver; Slomen, H., Vancouver;\nSmith, A. E., Vancouver; Turcott, L., Burnaby; Vandt, S., Vancouver; Jensen, Nels J.,\nVancouver; Todrick, Lloyd, Vancouver; Wrayton, Arnot, Fraser Valley; Williamson,\nGeo., Cloverdale; Gosling, A. R., Abbotsford; Chadsey, A. E., Chilliwack; Atkinson,\nG. W. (Ontario) ; Bryden, J., Mansville; Estrin, L., Calgary; Fowlie, Jas., Calgary;\nMadorsky, M., Calgary; Massie Bros., Calgary; Reiber, L., Edmonton; Rosenbaum, L.,\nCalgary; Weiller & Williams Co., Ltd., Edmonton; Connell, Morgan, Cayley; Holstine,\nJ. S., Lethbridge; Messer, Ford, Harvey Station, N.B.; Federal Packing Co., Everett,\nWashington, U.S.A.; Oxford, S. W., Amisk, Alberta.\nHORSE-SLAUGHTERER LICENCES ISSUED DURING 1942.\nEdmunds, W. H., Macalister; Buchanan, R. F., Canim Lake; Pigeon, J. R. Clinton; Frolek Bros., Kamloops; Skelly, J. W., Kamloops; MacLean, G. L., Notch Hill;\nCollins, E. M., Ashcroft; Albrecht, C. W., Lower Nicola; Farina, G. B., Salmon Arm; DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 77\nFuller, D., Salmon Arm; Ruth, P. A., Salmon Arm; Mclntyre, H. W., Lumby; Jansen,\nK., Brouse; Alpsen, N. T., Nakusp; Bird, C. L., Nakusp; Gold Medal Foxes, Kelowna;\nSmith, Oliver, Summerland; Olson & Gustafson, Bankeir; Wiltse, P. M., Creston;\nAvis, Harold, Perry Siding; Jensen & Nielsen, Edgewater; Hagberg, H. A., Fort St.\nJames; Hargreaves, R. F., Mount Robson; Nowell, H., Chilliwack.\nBEEF-PEDDLER LICENCES ISSUED DURING 1942.\nPavilion Ranches, Ltd., Pavilion; Alexander, S. E. Kamloops; Moeller, J. F.,\nLouis Creek; Johnston, Stan., Black Pool; Johnston, A. M., Black Pool; MacKenzie,\nC. M., Merritt; Johnston, S. S., Salmon Arm; Jackson, G. P., Salmon Arm; McKeown,\nW. B., Salmon Arm; Harkness, W. G., Mara; Twombly, C, Mara; Morrison, H.,\nEdgewood; Mrs. Bailey & Fraitzl, Nakusp; Marriott, T. W., Okanagan Falls; Cochrane, G. S., Oliver; Pennoyer, C. A., Grand Forks; Eremenko, F., Castlegar; Hansen,\nP. H., Edgewater; Little, G., Terrace; Robinson, P., Fort St. James.\nREPORT OF THE DAIRY BRANCH.\nHenry Rive, B.S.A., Dairy Commissioner.\nThe season has been unusual in many respects for the dairy producer. In spring\nand early summer much cold and wet weather was experienced, detrimental to production of both crops and milk. Later, spells of excessive heat and drought were met,\nequally unfavourable for production. Yields of hay were uniformly good, due to early\nmoisture, and pastures maintained growth until early fall. Forage-crops in general\nand roots eventually gave fair returns. Prospects for dairy feeds for the coming\nwinter are therefore very good. Feed prices showed little change. Total production\nof milk for the year will be little in advance of that of the season previous.\nPrices and values of all dairy products have experienced periods of utter confusion.\nSome stability has been restored by the measures of control introduced, but the situation remains far from satisfactory to the producer submitting to price ceilings for his\nproduce and faced with uncontrolled costs of production. Labour for the dairy-farm,\nexperienced or otherwise, is very scarce and wages are prohibitive to producers receiving wholesale prices.\nDAIRY-FACTORIES.\nTwenty-six butter-factories, three cheese-factories, two condenseries, one milk-\npowder plant, and two casein plants have operated this season. Several plants besides\nare devoted entirely to ice-cream production.\nAll dairy-factories and milk plants have been visited periodically by officials of\nthis Branch. Equipment and utensils, methods employed, storage and sanitation have\nbeen regularly inspected and reported on. The grading and testing of milk and cream\nfurnished to plants in respect to practice and equipment have been continually under\nscrutiny, and many checks of grades and tests allotted have been carried out and\nresults made known to producers.\nCREAMERIES.\nNo increase in total manufacture of creamery butter is to be recorded. Huge\ndemands have been made by the greatly enhanced consumption of fluid-milk supplies\nand by the requirements of condenseries. The newest of the creamery areas, that of\nCentral British Columbia and the Cariboo, will manufacture approximately 400,000 lb.\nthis year. Prices paid for butter-fat have increased gradually and, commencing with\nJuly, have been further supplemented by the 6-cents-per-pound bonus of the Wartime\nPrices and Trade Board for creamery butter manufactured. X 78\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nCHEESE.\nThree cheese-factories have operated during the year. Recently one on the Lower\nMainland has ceased manufacture owing to diversion of milk supplies. Returns have\nbeen satisfactory. Considerable growth of the factories in the Interior is looked for\nwith the benefits of the start in this industry now being enjoyed by producers. The\nFederal subsidy based on quality of cheese manufactured has been participated in by\nthe factories of British Columbia.\nCONDENSED PRODUCTS.\nA further increase in quantity of evaporated milk manufactured is expected for\nthe year. Little whole-milk powder was made and not very much more skim-milk\npowder or casein.\nICE-CREAM.\nWhile all manufacturers anticipated a huge output from the demand during early\nmonths of the year, the restrictions on account of sugar and butter-fat cut production\nto a minimum in the early fall. Returns, while not yet available, consequently will\nshow about 60 per cent, only of last season's make.\nHERD IMPROVEMENT.\nEleven cow-testing associations with fifteen routes employing fourteen supervisors\nare in operation in the Province. Three associations employing three supervisors have\nceased operations since last year, owing to the lack of suitable applicants for supervisor\nvacancies. Comparative figures are as follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nYear.\nAssociations.\nRoutes.\nSupervisors.\nHerds.\nCows.\nCows per\nRoute.\nCows per\nHerd.\n1941 \t\n14\n11\n17\n15\n17\n14\n397\n348\n8,345\n7,000\n490\n467\n21\n1942 \t\n20\nAverage production shows very little variation during the past several years.\nCompleted lactation returns for 6,307 cows were compiled of which 4,353 qualified for\ncertification as showing the necessary minimum of 6,000 lb. milk with 300 lb. butter-fat.\nThe average yield recorded for all milking periods completed during 1941 was 8,267 lb.\nmilk, 361 lb. butter-fat, with an average test of 4.37 per cent.\nMuch time has been devoted to developing returns secured into means of applying\nto practical uses in breeding the information obtained. The eleventh list of dairy sires,\nnow complete, contains production data of daughters of 233 pure-bred dairy sires of\nwhich sixty-nine are listed for the first time. The third annual list of long-distance\nproduction records gives yields of milk and butter-fat for 478 cows, each of which has\n1 ton or more butter-fat to her credit. Thirty-two parental production summaries have\nbeen prepared this year. It is hoped that war-time influences will not further restrict\nrecording activities too severely.\nCREAM-GRADERS' LICENCE EXAMINATION COURSE.\nThe cream-graders' licence examination course of the year was held at Enderby,\nMarch 16th to 28th, inclusive. The premises utilized were those of the Okanagan\nCo-operative Creameries Association, by whom every facility was afforded. A class of\nnine attended, all with previous experience.\nLICENCES ISSUED.\nDuring 1942, eleven applicants for testers' licences were examined. Sixty-four\ntesters' licences were issued and thirty-eight combined testers' and graders' with four\nsingle graders' licences. To sixty persons, firms, companies, or associations creamery\nor dairy licences were issued. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 79\nVERIFICATION TESTS.\nNo verification tests were requested during 1942.\nMEETINGS.\nMeetings were attended and participated in by members of this Branch at Pitt\nMeadows (2), Langley (2), Matsqui, Dewdney (2), Whatcom Road, Surrey, Richmond,\nLadner (2), Chilliwack, Victoria, Sumas, West Quesnel, Telkwa, Armstrong, Enderby,\nKelowna, Vancouver, Gordon Head, and Vernon.\nPUBLICATIONS.\nDairy Circulars No. 46 (stencil), \" Third List of Long-distance Production\nRecords,\" and No. 47 (stencil), \"The Eleventh List of Dairy Sires\" represent the\npublications of the year.\nOFFICE-WORK.\nReports, returns, and inquiries as to treating or manufacture of dairy products\nand to markets, together with applications, notices, and correspondence regarding cream\ngrading, testing, licences, milk records, and dairy sires have maintained their volume.\nThe work of the two stenographer-clerks has been most satisfactory.\nGENERAL.\nLess creamery butter will be manufactured than usual owing to the demands of\nthe fluid trade as well as those of the condenseries.\n' The bonus claim forms for 6 cents per pound creamery butter manufactured\nallowed to producers have been certified in this office on behalf of the Wartime Prices\nand Trade Board of Ottawa. For the months of July, August, September, and October\nthe sum of $82,965.84 has in this manner been refunded to British Columbia creameries.\nA second short course for cheese-makers was held at the University of British\nColumbia, April 7th to I6th, inclusive. As before, the class was conducted by T. Hicks,\nof Ottawa, through the courtesy of the Dominion Dairy Commissioner, J. F. Singleton.\nA fair number were in attendance.\nRegular returns of manufactured dairy products are received and transmitted in\nco-operation with the Dominion Bureau of Statistics. Factory and dairy plant inspection with checking of grades and tests were carried out by F. C. Wasson and F. Overland, Provincial Dairy Inspectors and Instructors, while supervision of herd-improvement work, with dairy sire listings was in charge of G. H. Thornbery, Assistant in\nCharge, Cow-testing Associations\u00E2\u0080\u0094all of whom have continued to show application and\ndevotion to their work.\nMILK-TESTERS' LICENCES ISSUED DURING 1942.\nAntilla, Lawrence E., Box 10, Vernon; Ardley, Ernest S., 2921 Windsor Street,\nVancouver; Atkinson, G. W., 3433 Dundas Street, Vancouver; Atkinson, L. A., 425\nEighth Avenue West, Vancouver; Austin, Philip, Box 1465, Telkwa; Bailey, Geo. H.,\nc/o N. Stade, R.R. 1, Chilliwack; Barone, Adam, Box 351, Prince George; Barren,\nAlex, 258 Steveston Highway, Steveston; Boutin, Henri J., Sub. P.O. No. 36, Vancouver; Brown, Geo. W., 1015 Yates Street, Victoria; Cameron, Wm. C, Enderby;\nCampbell, Douglas G., Salmon Arm; Canavor, Leslie, 4301 Hastings Street East, Vancouver; Chevalley, Frank, R.R. 1, Sardis; Clare, Robt. R., 405 Eighth Avenue West,\nVancouver; Cranswick, P., 1002 Hastings Street West, Vancouver; Crawford, Wm.,\n612 Kingsway, Vancouver; Dinsmore, D. R., 195 Twentieth Avenue West, Vancouver;\nDrake, Geo. A., 441 Sixth Street, New Westminster; Drake, S. Stewart, 441 Sixth\nStreet, New Westminster; Earl, David D., Box 876, Kelowna; Evenson, A. H., Palm\nDairies, Kamloops; Falk, L. W., Box 123, Matsqui; Fawcett, Geo., 930 North Park\nStreet, Victoria; Gibbs, J. A., 930 North Park Street, Victoria; Hilton, C, 995 Forty-\nfirst Avenue East, Vancouver; Hoy, Norman D., 1335 Howe Street, Vancouver; Hurst-\nfield, F., Williams Lake; Ingledew, N. H., 1935 Twelfth Avenue West, Vancouver; X 80 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nJames, Ralph Wm., 2119 Yew Street, Vancouver; Jensen, A. P., 1533 Marine Drive,\nWest Vancouver; Johnston, Wm. G., 415 Latimer Street, Nelson: Jokanovich, Robt.,\n442 Salisbury Drive, Vancouver; Jones, Mrs. Mary J., Box 466, Penticton; Kendall,\nW. G., c/o F.V.M.P.A., Vancouver; Lucas, Arthur R., 2642 Fourteenth Avenue West,\nVancouver; Marcy, Ella S., c/o F.V.M.P.A., Sardis; Martin, Geo. R., 405 Eighth\nAvenue West, Vancouver; McLeary, Sam, Box 186, Cranbrook; Miller, Alfred, Prince\nGeorge; Miller, Ronald C, 22 Twenty-second Avenue West, Vancouver; Mullen, Jos.,\nArmstrong; Murray, Hazel A., 208 Maple Avenue, Chilliwack; Nash, Sydney C, Armstrong; Norton, F. H. A., 1015 Yates Street, Victoria; Okulitch, V. J., Abbotsford;\nOrr, J. B., R.R. 1, Sardis; Paulsen, Thorvald, Telkwa; Petersen, Martin, Telkwa;\nPurves, A. N., Box 832, Kelowna; Rochon, E., 3437 Kingsway, Vancouver; Rose, Mrs.\nAgnes J., Vanderhoof; Ross, Mrs. Rose, Nelson; Seller, G. A., 4994 Ross Street, Vancouver; Slater, Alfred, Edgewood; Smith, L. E., 3633 Jersey Avenue, New Westminster; Taylor, E. Willmore, Princeton; Turner, L. H., 666 Sixteenth Avenue East, Vancouver; Valentin, H. B. M., Box 533, Prince Rupert; Washington, F. J., 425 Eighth\nAvenue West, Vancouver; Wells, Bruce, Abbotsford; West, Chas. H., c/o Avalon\nDairy, Wales Road and Forty-third Avenue, Vancouver; Wood, Geo. Roger, 3380 King\nEdward Avenue West, Vancouver; and Wood, R. K., 545 Cornwall Street, Victoria.\nCREAMERY AND DAIRY LICENCES ISSUED DURING 1942.\nAcme Dairy, Limited, 126 Hastings Street West, Vancouver; Arctic Ice Cream &\nDairy Co., Ltd., 1166 Hornby Street, Vancouver; Arlada Cheese Factory (Alfred Slater),\nEdgewood; Armstrong Cheese Co-operative Association, Armstrong; Associated\nDairies, Ltd., 405 Eighth Avenue West, Vancouver; Avalon Dairy (J. Crowley), Wales\nRoad and Forty-third Avenue, Vancouver; Balmoral Farm Dairy (W. Young), 4301\nHastings Street East, Vancouver; Borden Co., Ltd., The, R.R. 1, Sardis; Borland Ice\nCream Co., Ltd., 1520 Sixth Avenue West, Vancouver; Cariboo Farmers' Co-op. Association, Box 34, Quesnel; Central Creameries (B.C.), Ltd., 325 Railway Street, Vancouver; Columbia Valley Co-op. Creamery Association, Box 25, Golden; Comox Creamery Association, Box 460, Courtenay; Cowichan Creamery Association, Box 130,\nDuncan; Creston Co-operative Creamery Association, Creston; Crystal Dairy, Ltd.,\n1803 Commercial Drive, Vancouver; Drake's Dairy (Geo. A. Drake), 441 Sixth Street,\nNew Westminster; Empress Dairies, Ltd., 1002 Hastings Street West, Vancouver;\nFrasea Farms, Ltd., Eburne; Fraser Valley Milk Producers' Association, 425 Eighth\nAvenue West, Vancouver; Fraser Valley Milk Producers' Association, Sardis; Fraser\nValley Milk Producers' Association, Abbotsford; Gibson's Dairy Produce, Ltd., 7 Hastings Street West, Vancouver; Glenburn Dairy (C. A. Haslam), 3695 Hastings Street\nEast, Vancouver; Guernsey Breeders' Dairy, Ltd., 2405 Broadway West, Vancouver;\nHazelwood Creamery Co., Ltd., 355 Keefer Street, Vancouver; Hoy's Crescent Dairy,\nLtd., 1335 Howe Street, Vancouver; Hoy's Ice Cream, Ltd., 1335 Howe Street, Vancouver; Interior Creameries (Alf. Miller), Prince George; Interior Creameries (Alf.\nMiller), Telkwa; Interior Creameries( Alf. Miller), Williams Lake; Jersey Farms,\nLtd., 2256 Broadway West, Vancouver; Kelowna Creamery, Ltd., Pendozi Street,\nKelowna; Maypole Creameries, Limited, 1001 Pender Street West, Vancouver; Meadow-\nvale Creameries, Ltd., 8860 Hudson Street, Vancouver; Melrose Dairies, Ltd., 3396\nKingsway, Vancouver; Mission Farm Products, Limited, Mission; Nanaimo Creamery\nAssociation, 625 Pine Street, Nanaimo; National Dairies, Ltd., 1132 Hastings Street\nEast, Vancouver; Nechako Creamery (H. E. Rose), Vanderhoof; Northwestern Creamery, Ltd., 1015 Yates Street, Victoria; Okanagan Valley Co-op. Creamery Association,\nVernon; Okanagan Valley Co-op. Creamery Association, Enderby; Palm Dairies, Ltd.,\nKamloops; Palm Dairies, Ltd., Grand Forks; Palm Dairies, Ltd., 685 Baker Street,\nNelson; Palm Dairies, Ltd., Nelson and Cambie Streets, Vancouver; Palm Dairies,\nLtd., 930 North Park Street, Victoria; Perfection Products, Limited, Monteith Street,\nVernon; Peter's Ice Cream Co., 3205-3207 Broadway West, Vancouver; Registered\nJersey Dairies, Ltd., 608 Broughton Street, Victoria; Richmond Milk Producers', Ltd.,\n1508-1512 Hastings Street East, Vancouver; Royal Dairy, Ltd., 707 View Street, Victoria; Salmon Arm Co-operative Creamery Association, Salmon Arm; Salt Spring DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 81\nIsland Creamery Co., Ltd., Ganges; Taylor's Dairy (E. W. Taylor), Princeton; Turner's\nDairy, Ltd., 666 Sixteenth Avenue East, Vancouver; Twigg Island Dairy, Ltd., 612\nKingsway, Vancouver; Valentin Dairy (H. B. M. Valentin), Box 533, Prince Rupert;\nand Valley Dairies (John Mitchell), Penticton.\nCOMBINED MILK-TESTERS' AND CREAM-GRADERS' LICENCES\nISSUED DURING 1942.\nAkerman, J. E., Ganges; Anderson, E. E., c/o F.V.M.P.A., Vancouver; Arndt,\nGus, Box 324, Kelowna; Aven, John, Courtenay; Batey, H. S., 1015 Yates Street,\nVictoria; Clarke, Everard, Vernon; Davidson, W., 1756 McSpadden Avenue, Vancouver; Drake, A. W., Ganges; Dungate, W., Prince Rupert; Ellis, Jack, 4328 Ven-\nables Street, Vancouver; Freer, Scott, Box 67, Vernon; Grahame, F. A. W., Box 67,\nVernon; Griffith, Cecil, Courtenay; Harkness, W., Suite 4, 2570 Hemlock Street, Vancouver; Haslam, W., 130 Robins Street, Nanaimo; Homes, Jas., 396 Twentieth Avenue\nWest, Vancouver; Hoskins, Alf. C, c/o F.V.M.P.A., Sardis; Innes, A. E., 325 Railway\nStreet, Vancouver; James, D. A., 3508 Eighteenth Avenue West, Vancouver; McKer-\nricher, W. R., c/o F.V.M.P.A., Vancouver; McArthur, R. W., 8860 Hudson Street, Vancouver; Moore, Jas. K., Quesnel; Morse, A. O., 2685 Pandora Street, Vancouver;\nMuraro, W., Box 366, Nelson; Patchett, Geo., R.M.D. 2, Duncan; Patten, L. W., Box\n115, Vernon; Pyvis, Roy T., c/o F.V.M.P.A., Sardis; Rochon, J., c/o Melrose Dairies,\nLtd., 3396 Kingsway, Vancouver; Rolph, E. N., 613 Carbonate Street, Nelson; Ross,\nPaul B., 608 Broughton Street, Victoria; Skelley, E., c/o Creston Co-op. Creamery\nAssociation; Skelton, R. J., Salmon Arm; Sorensen, Walter, 1714 Fifty-ninth Avenue\nWest, Vancouver; Strachan, Jos., 325 Railway Street, Vancouver; Thomson, F. D.,\nBox 19, Quesnel; Valentine, V., 3396 Kingsway, Vancouver; White, C. J., Box 308,\nPenticton; and Wise, Harold, 1031 Comox Street, Vancouver.\nCREAM-GRADERS' LICENCES ISSUED DURING 1942.\nAntilla, Lawrence, c/o Okanagan Valley Creamery, Vernon; Cameron, Wm., c/o\nOkanagan Valley Creamery, Enderby; Evenson, A. H., Palm Dairies, Kamloops; and\nJohnson, Wm. G., Palm Dairies, Nelson.\nREPORT OF POULTRY BRANCH.\nJ. R. Terry, Poultry Commissioner.\nWeather conditions throughout the year were, on the whole, favourable to both\nmeat and egg production. The winter months were a little above the average in maximum temperature and below the average in snow and rainfall. In fact, this year\nthroughout has been away below the average rainfall.\nProduction kept up well through the early winter, and on through the season up\nuntil late spring. Cold winds at this period retarded chick growth and egg production\nsomewhat, and was accompanied by the usual false moulting.\nThe demand for eggs, both whole and dried, continued strong from the British\nIsles, to which point the greater proportion of our exportable surplus was forwarded.\nEarly in the year the operation of additional egg-drying establishments was inaugurated, and now practically all the eggs exported are dehydrated beforehand. This\nProvince kept up its quota creditably. The usual shipments of eggs and meat to the\nNorthland again took place, and possibly the largest shipments of dressed poultry ever\nto leave the Province were exported to the United States of America, Western States.\nMeat shortages were reported as quite serious there, and many thousands of pounds of\nfowl were shipped to Seattle and other near-by cities during the year. This demand\nassisted in utilizing the large surplus of dressed fowl in storage at the commencement\nof the year. X 82 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nEggs were in great demand throughout the year, especially this fall, as there were\nno cold-storage eggs to help out. The following is a comparison of prices received for\nthe past ten years by the producer:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n1933\t\n1934\t\nCents.\n 15\n 15\n 16\n 21\n 24\n1938\t\n1939\t\n1940\t\nCents\n 25\n 23\n1935\t\n 22\n1936\t\n1937\t\n1941\t\n1942 (eleven moi\n 28\niths) 32\nBREEDING OPERATIONS.\nOwing to the tremendous demand for chicks since the beginning of the year, many\nof the hatcheries operated for ten months this season. Already some are again putting\ndown trial hatches to test fertility.\nPractically all of the hatcheries and breeders selling chicks and eggs reported\nincreased sales at prices slightly higher than last year. In addition to the many thousands of chicks exported to the East, principally Alberta and Saskatchewan, a large\nnumber of our breeders found a good market for hatching-eggs from the plants on\nthe Prairies. Owing to weather conditions being more favourable here for breeding\nstock operation, the Eastern hatcheries are compelled to get eggs from British Columbia\nfor February, March, and April incubation particularly.\nAs in the past, the majority of the fowls raised are of the light-weight variety, or\ncrosses of this class with a heavy-weight breed. During the year a boom almost has\nbeen experienced in the clamour for the comparatively new fowl, the New Hampshire.\nThis breed has many of the characteristics of the old-fashioned Rhode Island Red, but\ntrue specimens of the breed have a bigger frame and carcass, and have, also, quicker\ndeveloping possibilities than the Reds. The New Hampshire makes a good cross with\nBarred Rocks and White Wyandottes or Light Sussex. The last cross is perhaps the\nmost suitable one, inasmuch as it is sex-linked, and the cockerels, being light plumaged,\nsell at a premium over dark plumaged fowl. In some localities as much as 2 cents per\npound premium is paid for fowls with white feathers.\nSeveral breeders, especially on the Island, where brown eggs are particularly in\ndemand, utilize Barnevelder cockerels to mate with Sussex or Rock females. The\nprogeny lay large deep-brown eggs which is passed on by the male of this Dutch breed,\nfamous for its large deep-brown eggs.\nTABLE-POULTRY PRODUCTION.\nAt the present time there are more persons engaged in this branch of the industry\nthan ever before. Many operators have contracts with hatcheries to supply cockerels\nthroughout the greater part of the year, and these are raised intensively, and marketed\nat about fourteen or sixteen weeks in most cases. Early in the year, however, many\nare sold as broilers at about eight weeks\u00E2\u0080\u0094weight about 2 lb.\nTable-poultry production, to be successful, demands more knowledge than plain egg\nproduction, and should not be started in a large way by inexperienced people.\nMost of the broiler and roaster producers have their plants quite compact, and\nintensively run. In most cases none of the stock is allowed on the ground. This prevents quite a lot of mortality and sickness, but, owing to the artificial nature of the\nwork, demands much greater attention to the feeding and management. Small colony\nhouses, with wire-floored runs on the south side of the building, are used. The runs\nneed to be wired top and sides. Special feeding mashes are the rule, and much milk of\nall kinds is used\u00E2\u0080\u0094skim, sour, sweet, and buttermilk.\nDEPARTMENTAL WORK.\nDuring the year the usual Farmers' and Women's Institute meetings were\naddressed by the Branch. A few poultry displays at fall fairs were judged as well.\nA welcome change was noted in some of the fair exhibits, both in numbers and quality. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 83\nMost all of the birds shown were of good utility type. The fancy birds shown were\nmainly bantams of Old English Game breed. This is the best laying variety of any of\nthe bantam kingdom.\nSeveral circulars and stenciled sheets were revised, and a circular entitled \" How\nEggs are Formed \" was published. This has been in great demand by students in\nagricultural classes at high schools.\nBreeders' directories: Lists of members of the Provincial Flock-approval Plan,\nVancouver Rabbit Breeders, British Columbia Bantam Breeders' Association, and\nTurkey and Geese Breeders were stenciled and issued.\nA circular in frequent demand, \" Poultry Farming for Intending Settlers \" was\nrevised and published. This has been asked for by settlers from all parts of the world,\nespecially California. A circular, \" Sawdust and Cement Concrete,\" was also issued,\nand plans of an improved metal yoke carrier. \" Management of Turkeys\" and\n\" Poultry-keeping on a City Lot\" were reissued.\nArticles were supplied to poultry papers and agricultural journals as requested.\nItems of interest were supplied to the British Columbia Farm Broadcast under the\nauspices of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.\nMany inquiries were received during the year, the majority being connected with\ndisease matters. Outgoing mail showed an increase over last year. Bulletins of all\nbranches of the industry were in demand and supplies were available.\nBOYS' AND GIRLS' CLUBS.\nAs with last year, most of the clubs were supplied with baby chicks and a few with\neggs. A considerable increase in the number of clubs is to be recorded. Last year\nthere were forty-one clubs and this year fifty-five were organized. Of this total, the\nOkanagan had the largest number of clubs tabulated\u00E2\u0080\u0094twenty-one. The Fraser Valley\ndistricts totalled fifteen clubs, and the Kootenays six. Vancouver Island shows seven,\nand Northern British Columbia six. Grand total of club members, 460.\nMany of the clubs exhibited their flocks at their local fall fairs to compete for\nspecial prizes donated by the Fair Associations. Judging competitions were also held,\nand were well supported by the club members.\nThe Mission District Clubs were again operated. They have been run continuously\nsince 1916.\nTwo members of Langley Prairie District Clubs\u00E2\u0080\u0094Miss I. Lawson and H. Touhy\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nwere sent to Toronto to compete in the All-Canada Judging Contest. The British\nColumbia team was placed second.\nThe majority of the Provincial clubs were organized by District Agriculturists,\nFarmers' Institutes, Women's Institutes, Poultry Associations, and School Teachers.\nPOULTRY ASSOCIATIONS.\nThe Pacific Poultry Breeders' Association ends up the year with a greatly increased\nmembership, there being a number of new local branches organized. This organization\nis concerned with securing improvements in all branches of the industry, and is not\nengaged in marketing activities, as was the case with previous co-operative associations.\nThe Provincial Association has had to continue its work by correspondence as in\nthe past few years. Affiliated associations continue to function, but do not, of course,\nhold as many poultry shows and exhibitions as in pre-war times. Shows are again to be\nheld at Vancouver, Kamloops, and Ladysmith. The Victoria Association held its exhibition in connection with the Saanich Fall Fair.\nDISEASES.\nAs in previous years, many post-mortems were made by members of the Branch,\nand wherever possible specimens were passed on to Dr. E. A. Bruce, V.S., in charge of\nthe pathological work connected with live stock and poultry.\nParalysis in its various forms was again reported fairly frequently throughout the\nProvince. In many cases investigated, it was found that green feed deficiency was the\ncause, and in others worms. Range paralysis amongst pullets and cockerels led all X 84 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nother varieties of this disease. Dosing with sulphur drugs has been recommended and\nhas apparently proved worth trying. In the matter of prevention, breeding only from\nwell-matured and disease-resistant stock has got to be given more attention. With such\na big demand for early hatched chicks, many breeders are forced to use eggs from\npullets that may be less than seven months old. In some cases investigated, paralysis\nbroke out in breeding stock shortly after the first few hatches had been secured. Under\nsuch circumstances it is going to be difficult to overcome this trouble. Regular and\npersistent culling is the best weapon to fight this or any other disease.\nThe usual trouble from colds and croup was experienced, and in many cases the\nadvice to \" clean out and clean up \" was all that was necessary to straighten things out\nsatisfactorily.\nSeveral outbreaks of leukaemia were investigated, and in two instances it was\nfound that this disease had been causing heavy mortality for a number of years. Complete destruction of the breeding stock was advised and carried out in one case.\nCoccidiosis was reported as having ravaged several flocks of half-grown young\nstock, but possibly owing to the extreme dry weather during the rearing season the\noutbreaks were not as numerous as in previous years.\nA remedy that would appear to be giving fairly good results in preventing the\nspread of coccidiosis is to add 2 per cent, flowers of sulphur and 2 per cent, charcoal\n(oak, if possible) to each hundredweight of dry mash. The experimenters do not claim\nit is a cure, but that it will check up the spread if the trouble happens to break out.\nThe usual outbreaks of enterohepatitis (blackhead) occurred in several turkey\nflocks during the year. The giving of worm purges at least twice a year to turkeys\nwould appear to help considerably. Specimens which happen to survive an attack\nshould be marketed, instead of being kept over as breeding stock.\nThis Division wishes to acknowledge the ever-ready assistance of Dr. E. A. Bruce\nin diagnostic work, particularly throughout the year.\nWATER-FOWL.\nAgain the Khaki-Campbell duck variety has been among the most popular varieties,\nfor laying purposes especially. White Pekins and White Muscovy ducks were again\nraised in large quantities for table purposes. About the same number of ducks were\nproduced.\nGeese were again able to record a slight increase in production. Toulouse breeds\nwere the most popular. Geese feathers, as well as ducks', are in great demand,\nespecially now there are no importations from Europe.\nTURKEYS.\nAn increase of turkeys is to be recorded, with the Bronze variety still away in the\nlead. White Holland are second favourites, and the Red Bourbon in third place.\nBreeders report a fairly successful rearing season and, even with a ceiling price fixed,\nthe majority appear to be finding the work profitable.\nCONCLUSION.\nThe writer wishes to show appreciation for co-operative help from the Island-\nstationed police officers for assistance in locating settlers; A. Hourston, departmental\nmechanician; J. Allen, part-time Instructor in the Fraser Valley until June of this\nyear; and Miss M. Marquart for consistent good work, stenographic as well as office\nroutine.\nREPORT OF WOMEN'S INSTITUTES.\nMrs. V. S. McLachlan, Superintendent.\nThe war-time programme of the Women's Institutes continues energetically along\nthe lines of conservation, production, and marketing, in spite of the fact that many\nhomes are short-handed with both sons and daughters away on war-work. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 85\nCONSERVATION.\nThe convener, Mrs. J. F. Price, reports: \" The ' Jam for Britain ' project in which\nthe Women's Institutes co-operate with the British Columbia Division, Canadian Red\nCross Society, was an outstanding success in spite of the shortage of labour and poor\nberry-crops, and in some places poor plum-crop. Twenty-six Institutes co-operated in\nthe thirty-six centres which were organized. The largest contribution-\u00E2\u0080\u0094more than 5\ntons\u00E2\u0080\u0094came from Victoria, where members of the local Institute worked with other\norganizations.\" New Denver Institute reports that they made 1,008 lb. of jam.\nPeachland made 636 lb. of jam and 348 cans of peaches. At Duncan, the three Institutes combined with other organizations to make 2,500 lb. of jam. In all, almost 50\ntons of jam and processed fruit has been shipped to Britain. Osoyoos and Penticton\nInstitutes contributed towards a donation of 7 tons of fruit from the Okanagan Valley.\nThe Kelowna and Lumby Institutes, realizing that jam takes much shipping space,\ndecided to concentrate on the evaporation of surplus fruits and a number of Institutes\nin the locality received instructions in this work from F. E. Atkinson, of the Summer-\nland Experimental Station, but, to date, no report has been received of the results.\nTwenty-nine Institutes, in districts where no fruit was available, contributed\n$238.43 to buy sugar and cans. Donations were received from all over the Province,\nas far north as Nor' Pioneer at Cecil Lake.\nPRODUCTION.\nVictory gardens for children have been sponsored in many localities, Cobble Hill\nleading the way with the assistance of the Cowichan Creamery Association. The\nAssociation provided seeds, fertilizer, and prizes, and the result was so successful that\nit is intended to carry on the work next year. The average age of the gardeners was\ntwelve years.\nA number of Institutes have succeeded in holding their annual fairs or flower-\nshows, though the flowers have generally been changed to vegetables. Four of them\napplied for and obtained the Department's book prizes, including North Bridge Lake,\nwhich was delighted with their first effort at a show.\nLast spring, to encourage the greater use of home products and more intelligent\nuse of available foods, the Provincial Board held a competition in the planning of\nmenus suitable to the four different seasons of the year. The entries were judged by\nthe Nutritionist of the Provincial Board of Health, and the winning entry from Pender\nIsland contains so much practical information that it is hoped to send copies of it to all\nInStitutGS- MARKETING.\nMrs. B. F. Gummow, President of the Provincial Board, is an active member of\nthe Wartime Prices and Trade Board and at the request of the Board most Institutes\nhave appointed liaison officers to work in conjunction with the Board in Vancouver.\nThe Institutes, led by Mrs. Gummow, have been making strenuous efforts to obtain\nan additional sugar ration for apples during the winter, but, so far, this request has\nnot been granted.\nIn August the Rations Division at Ottawa appealed to this office for some information on the sugar ration which they were unable to furnish. A questionnaire was\ntherefore sent out to representative Institutes in all parts of the Province and the\nanswers compiled and sent to Ottawa. In acknowledging the questionnaire, Miss\nSpeers stated that \" the information will be useful as a guide to the work of the Rationing Division.\"\nBRITISH COLUMBIA WOOL-FILLED COMFORTERS.\nThe making of comforters seems to be definitely established as an Institute activity.\nPavilion Institute sends in two every month. In May last, McBride reported they had\nmade twenty-four comforters since the beginning of the year. Most of the comforters\nare sent overseas, but in some localities a number have been kept to equip the local\nA.R.P. Post. It is perhaps worthy of note that last spring a ship-load of comforters, X 86 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\netc., was salvaged from a wrecked vessel on this coast. The cases had been soaked in\nsalt water for about a fortnight when they were returned to British Bundles, but after\nbeing thoroughly washed and dried the wool-filled comforters \" looked like new.\"\nPOST-WAR REHABILITATION COUNCIL.\nAt the request of this Council, Institutes in the Fraser Valley, the Okanagan, and\nthe Kootenays were circularized regarding the tour of the Council last August and\ninvited to attend meetings and submit briefs. Great interest was aroused and some\nconstructive briefs have been submitted by Institutes.\nDISTRICT CONFERENCES.\nDistrict conferences were held at North Pine in the Peace River District, Kelowna\nin the Okanagan, Prince George in the Bulkley Valley District, Lumby in the Salmon\nArm District, New Westminster in the North Fraser and Abbotsford in the South\nFraser Districts, and Victoria in the South Vancouver Island District. I attended the\nconferences at Kelowna, Lumby, New Westminster, Abbotsford, and Victoria. The\nNorth Vancouver Island District decided not to have a conference at this time, and the\nmeetings planned for the Arrow Lakes District at Nakusp and for the Kootenays at\nGreenwood were cancelled when they found I could not attend.\nPROVINCIAL BOARD MEETING.\nThe Provincial Board met in Victoria on November 16th and 17th, with all members present. Much business was transacted and plans outlined for future work.\nThe following resolution was sent to the Minister of Defence at Ottawa: \" In view of\nacute labour shortage, exorbitant wages demanded by farm help, wholesale slaughter\nof stock, and loss of crops from lack of farm help, and having regard to the success of\nBritish Land Army, we the Directors of the Women's Institutes of British Columbia\nstrongly urge formation of Canadian Women's Land Army.\"\nThe Provincial Board is sending copies of this resolution to the Superintendents\nand Presidents of Women's Institutes of all the other Provinces in the Dominion.\nOTHOA SCOTT TRUST FUND.\nThis fund to aid crippled children continues to grow and during the recent campaign $900 worth of Victory Bonds were purchased. A donation of $225 was also made\nto the Solarium from last year's income and this year the Board authorized the expenditure of up to $5 per month to help a sick boy in the Beatton River area who is too old\nto go to the Solarium. The books of the fund were audited by Mr. L. Grogan and\nfound to be in good order.\nGENERAL OFFICE-WORK.\nA new Institute has been organized at Chilako in the Bulkley Valley District, but\nCortes Island, Coleman Creek, Trinity Valley, Whonnock and Ruskin, and Willow Valley\nInstitutes have been compelled to close down owing to lack of membership. Whonnock\nand Ruskin, which had twenty-two active members in 1941, now has only three possible\nmembers left in the district. Trinity Valley had seventeen last year and now has not\nenough to form a quorum. The total membership of Institutes has also dropped from\n4,080 last year to 3,800 in 1942. This decrease seems to be largely due to population\nshifting to the cities, though transportation problems have a little to do with it. The\nWhite Rock and Hazelmere Institutes seem to have found a good way to overcome this\nproblem. Small circles are formed of near-by members who meet regularly, and general meetings of all members are held only quarterly. The device has resulted in a\nconsiderable increase of membership and both Institutes are doing good work. White\nRock is particularly active in making comforters and clothing for Bundles for Britain.\nThere are now 183 active Institutes in the Province.\nDuring the year 1,482 letters and reports have been received in the office and 932\nletters sent out. This does not include circular letters, the monthly Bulletin, and a DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 87\ngood deal of material sent out on behalf of the Wartime Prices and Trade Board, the\nNational War Savings, and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.\nThe Bulletin is sent to all Institutes, members of District and Provincial Boards\nand others, and continues to be appreciated.\nREPORT ON SOIL-SURVEYS.\nC. C. Kelley, B.S.A., Soil Specialist.\nIn the summer of 1942 your Soil Surveyor was confined to office-work on reports\nand maps. The field survey was managed by Dr. D. G. Laird, Professor of Agronomy,\nUniversity of British Columbia, and L. Farstad, Agricultural Scientist, Dominion\nExperimental Farms Service.\nThe area classified in 1942 consists of about 960,000 acres in the Central Interior\nDistrict which lies between the Chilako River and Fraser Lake. This total contains\nabout 313,000 acres of potentially arable land and approximately 647,000 acres best\nsuited to forestry.\nSummer office-work included the preparation of a soil-survey report and map covering 714,000 acres in the Prince George District. The report and map were brought\nto the stage suitable for editing and publication. After this work had been done the\nfield party proposed a revision of the report and map to include an area classified\nin 1942.\nThis area, which lies between the Chilako River and the east end of Cluculz Lake,\ncompletes the western part of a climatic region peculiar to the Prince George District.\nThe locality between Cluculz Lake and Fraser Lake is a less humid sub-zone, with a new\ngroup of soils that require separate description.\nThe summer office period gave opportunity for research and the development of\na Land Class Map to supplement the soil map of the Prince George District. This is\nthe first map of its kind to be developed and applied to an agricultural area in British\nColumbia. Its purpose is to place the soils and native vegetation in use groups which\ndefine their present economic value. In an area with soil resources the map gives\ndirection for development if agricultural expansion occurs in the post-war period.\nSoils not suitable at present for farming are classed as \" Forest Land.\" This\nacreage may become a managed forest to be used as a source of income by adjacent\nsettlers. Its gravel-deposits are of great value for roads and general construction in\nthe arable clay soils of the district.\nSoils of fine texture but with heavy forest-cover are grouped as \" Temporarily\nNon-arable Land.\" The cost of clearing and the cost of treating the high soil acidity\nproduced under coniferous forest are against its present use for farm development.\nThis land type contains mature and semi-mature timber. It would yield the best\nresults if reserved from sale for farms while more cheaply reclaimed arable land is\navailable.\nSoils of fine texture with a light cover of aspen, willow, and alder are classed as\n\" Arable Land.\" This land type covers enough undeveloped acreage for present needs,\nand it may be reclaimed at the lowest cost. The deciduous forest-cover is light enough\nto be cleared off by specially designed tractor-driven machinery. The soil itself has\nbeen ameliorated by the annual fall and decay of deciduous leaves containing bases,\nand acidity is reduced. Settlers produce good crops without lime or commercial\nfertilizers.\nThe grouping of soils and native vegetation into three categories simplifies the\nproblem of developing pioneer districts to a marked degree. Each land type has its\nbest economic uses and these can be worked into a general plan.\nThe Forest Land may best serve the local economy if reserved for the duration\nof one timber crop before reclassification. The Temporarily Non-arable Land is a\nmiddle class with nearer agricultural possibilities. Since the quality of the soils make X 88\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\ncertain that this type will ultimately become farm land, the plan may include the\ngradual reduction of the forest and its temporary replacement by deciduous growth.\nIn the meantime settlers, public works, and services can be concentrated in the larger\nand most accessible of the Arable Land areas. Such measures are possible where the\nGovernment is the most important land-holder. The Land Class Map, in areas covered\nby forest, is also a basis for a Rehabilitation Act, which may be required for the systematic development of pioneer districts. Copies of these maps have been supplied to\nthe Department of Agriculture and the Post-war Rehabilitation Council.\nWar-time conditions at Ottawa have held up the drafting of the Okanagan Soil\nMap. This work is progressing slowly with a smaller and less skilled staff, but the\npublication date of the map and report can not be predicted. However, it will be kept\nin readiness for publication by revision and improvement. The possibility of similar\ndelay before publication of the Prince George soil-survey report is to some extent\noffset by the preparation of a few hand-made copies of the maps for official uses.\nIn the spring and winter of 1942 the usual advisory assistance was given on land-\ndrainage problems in Okanagan orchards. A substratum of cemented glacial till\nunderlies certain soil types in the Okanagan Valley; often within a few feet of the\nsurface. This permits the accumulation of excess irrigation-water in subsoils at the\ntoe of the slope and in basin-like depressions. The rise of ground water during the\nperiod of irrigation reduces yields and destroys trees in many orchards.\nThis water drains away after the irrigation is shut off, and the winter season\naffords an opportunity to investigate and establish drains while the soil is dry. Each\nwinter a limited amount of advisory assistance is given to growers who are prepared\nto install drainage-works.\nBOYS' AND GIRLS' CLUB WORK.\nS. S. Phillips, B.S.A., Secretary.\nThe year 1942 has been one of satisfactory progress for Boys' and Girls' Clubs in\nBritish Columbia. The number of clubs organized increased by 34 and the membership\nby 272 members. Considering such handicaps as shortage of transportation, the\norganization of club projects in the various districts of the Province has been particularly successful.\nThe following list shows the number of projects undertaken by Boys' and Girls'\nClub organizations under departmental supervision in 1942:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nProject.\nNumber of Clubs.\nMembership.\n1941.\n1942.\n1941.\n1942.\n8\n32\n7\n1\n39\n16\n2\n10\n38\n6\n1\n59\n18\n2\n5\n75\n322\n57\n8\n371\n193\n18\n94\n402\n49\nPoultry.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 \u00E2\u0080\u0094 \t\nPotato \t\n513\n177\n20\nAlfalfa .-\t\nTotals _\t\n105\n139\n1,044\n1,316\nA comparison of the 1942 figures with 1941 shows an increase in the number of\nclubs and memberships in every project except swine, which dropped one club and eight\nmembers, also five alfalfa clubs were organized this year with sixty-three members.\nFrom the areas where the alfalfa clubs were organized reports have been received\nstating that the club members are showing keen interest in these projects which should\nwork into the general production programme of the districts. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942.\nX 89\nPROVINCIAL ELIMINATION CONTESTS.\nElimination contests were held this year at Chilliwack Exhibition and at Armstrong Exhibition.\nAt Chilliwack on September 16th preliminary contests were held for dairy-cattle\njudging. No teams were entered from the Interior of the Province in the potato and\npoultry contests, so the final contests for these two projects were held at Chilliwack.\nThe following list shows the number competing in the potato-judging contest and\nthe standing of the teams:\u00E2\u0080\u0094 individual Team\nScore. Score.\nHugh Davis, Langley j. 413\nJim Schatz, Langley 419\n \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 832\nJoyce Maddock, Richmond 372\nArthur Maddock, Richmond 376\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 748\nUnfortunately, the winning team could not comply with the regulations governing\nthe National Contest, so no potato team was entered from British Columbia to compete\nin Toronto this year.\nm mmmsw\u00C2\u00BB^ t^mmmm.:mm m\nwwmmmssm\n'' fli-i \"''\nPOULTRY TEAM.\nLeft to right: Irene Lawson, Sandy McLean (coach), and Walter Tuey.\nOnly one team entered in the final poultry-judging contest:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nIndividual Team\nScore. Score.\nIrene Lawson, Langley Prairie . 423\nWalter Tuey, Langley Prairie _\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 322\n745\nThis contest was conducted by G. L. Landon, District Agriculturist, New Westminster, who stated that the team had been well coached by Sandy McLean and were well\nup in their project, a fact that was later substantiated when this team won second place\nin the National Contest.\nEntered in the preliminary dairy-cattle judging contest were Dick Berry, of\nLangley Prairie, and Ralph Barichello, of Murrayville; Allan Mufford, of Milner, and\nEldon Porter, of Murrayville; Frances Lidster, of Langley Prairie, and Violet Paton,\nof Glen Valley; Pat Thompson, of Coghlan, and Claire Evans, of Chilliwack; and\nRobert Irwin and Marie Irwin, both of Sardis. X 90\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\ndairy team.\nLeft to right: Ralph Barichello, Tom Berry (coach), and Dick Berry.\nAt Armstrong Exhibition, September 23rd, final elimination contests were held in\ndairy-cattle judging, swine and beef-cattle judging.\nIn the final dairy-cattle judging contest Ralph Barichello and Dick Berry, of\nLangley, qualified for the Toronto trip. Others taking part in the final competition\nwere Peter Buff and Jack Payne, of Prince George; also Terry Fowler and Lawrence\nMeggit, of Armstrong.\nSWINE team.\nLeft to right: Stewart Phillips, Noland Boss (coach), and Tom Marshall. \t\nDEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942.\nX 91\nIn the final swine-judging contest Tom Marshall and Stewart Phillips, of Armstrong, qualified for the Toronto competition.\nBEEF TEAM.\nLeft to right: C Turner (coach), J. McNally, L. McLeod, and G. A. Luyat.\nFinal beef-judging contest gave Jack McNally and Laverne McLeod, of Westwold,\nfirst place; while Verna Shannon and George B. Gowans, of Kamloops, scored second\nplace. Alvin J. Wiley and Cato Loveng, of Francois Lake, were third; with Ross\nPhillips and Gordon Sidney, of Armstrong, coming fourth.\nNATIONAL JUDGING COMPETITION, TORONTO,\nNOVEMBER 2ND-6TH, 1942.\nThe four teams from British Columbia ranked high at Toronto this year. The\ndairy and poultry teams both won second place, the beef team third and the swine team\nfifth in very close competitions. All the team members were well qualified, worked hard\nat their projects, and were well coached. Two ex-contest members\u00E2\u0080\u0094Noland Boss, of\nArmstrong, and Tom Berry, of Langley\u00E2\u0080\u0094coached teams that went East this year and\nWarner Philip, of Brigade Lake, coached a beef team that stood second in the final\nProvincial Elimination Contest at Armstrong.\nIn conclusion, I would like to report excellent co-operation from the members of\nthe Dominion Department of Agriculture interested in the various phases of club work.\nAcknowledgment is also made to the University of British Columbia for conducting\njudging demonstrations, field-days, and lectures to club members; the District Agriculturists who direct the club activities in their districts; Armstrong and Chilliwack\nExhibitions for making it possible for holding Elimination Judging Contests; and all\nlocal organizations and associations that sponsored club projects in various parts of\nthe Province.\nREPORTS OF DISTRICT AGRICULTURISTS.\nPEACE RIVER DISTRICT.\nT. S. Crack, District Agriculturist.\nThe season has been exceptionally good, from seeding time until harvest, with very\nlittle rain at the commencement of threshing and, generally speaking, harvest was X 92\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\ngathered in and threshed in very fine condition. The wheat averaged 33 bushels per\nacre and the average grade will be No. 2. Oats averaged 60 bushels per acre and\ngraded 2 C.W. Barley averaged 40 bushels per acre and graded 2 C.W. Flax averaged\n12 bushels per acre and was of good quality.\nLive Stock.\nI have not been able to get the return of cattle and hogs shipped from this district\nup to date, but as soon as possible will complete and forward same. There will be a\nlarge increase over previous years.\nSwine.\nThe Dominion-Provincial Brood Sow Policy continues to do good work throughout\nthis district by placing good registered boars in groups of twenty good type sows.\nFour new Swine Improvement centres have been organized this fall.\nSheep.\nA marked improvement and interest in the sheep industry has taken place this\nyear. Eleven rams are coming into this district under the Ram Loaning Policy and\nthree under the National Sheep Policy. Also two registered ewes, privately purchased.\nMany more farmers are interested but have not the cash to purchase. \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nCattle.\nFive Live-stock Improvement Associations were organized, and five registered bulls\nshipped in this spring through the Dominion Live-stock Improvement Policy. This has\ndone much during the past years to improve the live stock in this district and farmers\nare taking greater advantage of these chances to improve their herds. A few farmers\nare now buying registered heifers. Dr. Knight visited the district for the purpose of\ntesting cattle for T.B., north of the Peace River, but found no reactors. We have a\nvery good record in this district.\nWarble-fly Control.\nIn districts where this control has been carried on for the past five years, a very\nmarked decrease in warbles has been found. In the two treatments last spring, only\n223 warbles were found in 1,494 head of cattle.\nWarble-fly Report, 1942.\nAddress of Cattle-owner.\nNumber of Animals.\nNumber op Warbles.\nGeneral\nBulls.\nCows.\n2\nYears.\nYearlings.\nTotal\nStock.\nBulls.\nCows.\n2\nYears.\nYearlings.\nTotal\nWarbles.\ntion of\nCattle.\n1\n1\n2\n2\n2\n2\n2\n3\n1\n1\n1\n1\n2\n1\n1\n62\n22\n70\n123\n90\n48\n64\n120>\n32\n120\n48\n34\n46\n30\n32\n12\n4\n12\n22\n14\n6\n10\n31\n10\n18\n6\n18\n18\n22\n6\n10\n16\n5\n36\n33\n20\n24\n46\n7\n32\n16\n12\n30\n16\n18\n85\n43\n89\n183\n139\n76\n100\n200\n50\n171\n71\n65\n96\n69\n57\n1\n1\n1\n16\n6\n10\n6\n19\n2\n22\n10\n12\n2\n6\n3\n4\n3\n2\n2\n5\n16\n3\n1\n2\n2\n3\n9\n5\n3\n42\n4\n1\n3\n8\n21\n13\n23\n11\n22\n7\n22\n15\n70\n7\nGood.\nGood.\nClayhurst \t\nGood.\nGood.\nGroundbirch \t\nKilkerran \t\nGood.\nGood.\nGood.\nGood.\nSunnybrook\t\nGood.\nGood.\nGood.\nGood.\nGood.\nUpper Cutbank.\t\nWillow Valley \t\nGood.\nGood.\n23\n941\n209\n321\n1,494\n2\n104\n46\n71\n223 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 93\nSeed-cleaner Report.\nA total of 2,587,855 lb. of seed-grain was cleaned with the seed-cleaners purchased\nby the Institutes through the Federal-Provincial Assistance Plan. These cleaners have\nbeen very useful to farmers cleaning their own grain for a number of years past.\nFlower-show.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 The flower-show, held in Dawson Creek on August 8th was very successful and was\nconsidered the best show of its kind held north of Edmonton.\nFall Fairs.\nThe Kiskatinaw fall fair was the only one held in this district this year. It was\nquite successful. The other districts considered it better to postpone them until after\nthe war. This also applies to the Dawson Creek seed fair. Field-days have also been\nput off until the war is over, owing to the shortage of gas and the replacement of tires.\nBoys' and Girls' Clubs.\nOnly two clubs were held again this year\u00E2\u0080\u0094one Beef Calf Club held at Progress,\nand one Potato Club at Groundbirch. Both these were very successful and I am of the\nopinion that these clubs should be encouraged more until after the war, since the fairs\nare being put off. This would give us considerable material to work on when we have\nto re-establish after the war.\nThreshers' Reports.\nI have not yet received the complete returns from the threshermen, but would\nestimate the following figures would represent about 50 per cent, of the whole district,\nso far, as the returns show up to the present. Bushels.\nSpring wheat 600,733\nWinter wheat 1,424\nOats 600,955\nBarley 149,639\nFlax 8,151\nAlfalfa and Clovers.\nConsiderably more alfalfa and clovers have been grown this season and harvested\nin first-class condition; much of the seed being registered and grading No. 1.\nWeeds.\nSummer fallow has been well worked this year. Weeds were bad at the beginning\nof the season, but good co-operation among the farmers has helped considerably and it\nis hoped next year will show still further improvement.\nMeetings.\nI have visited all districts throughout the year and in most instances have held\nmeetings which have been fairly well attended. The Women's Institutes are turning\nmost of their work towards Red Cross and war work.\nGeneral.\nMost farmers are taking a keener interest in the improvement of their live stock\nand general farming practices. The ground is now frozen with about 4 inches of snow.\nCattle are going into winter in very good condition and with plenty of good feed. Help\nwas hard to get this fall owing to men working on the Alaska Highway and wages were\nvery high. Farmers have not been able to dispose of their wheat this fall, which has\ncaused a hardship to those that are straight grain-growers; but the farmers that are\nin mixed farming are doing very well.\nI appreciate very much the co-operation I have received from all those with whom\nit has been my duty and pleasure to work during the past year. X 94 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nBULKLEY VALLEY.\nS. G. Preston, M.Sc, District Agriculturist.\nThe 1942 season has been the most favourable to the farmers of this district for\nmany years with a long frost-free period, sufficient moisture and fair weather at haying\ntime, harvesting, and threshing. The chief drawback has been an almost complete lack\nof farm labour.\nThe live-stock business has been encouraging throughout with generally remunerative prices and this has led in turn to demand for improved breeding stock. Poultry\nis only now receiving serious attention, but it would appear a considerable increase can\nbe expected in the next year.\nCrops have been generally good with the exception of potatoes. Sufficient hay was\ncut for local needs and there is the highest production of timothy-seed and cereals yet\nharvested in this district.\nLive Stock.\nA favourable frost-free season with sufficient rainfall was reflected in the cattle\nbusiness through excellent grazing generally. Further, there is a definite improvement in the quality of beef and dairy cattle, sheep and hogs over a few years ago. The\nfarmers feel encouraged to improve their stock with the rising prices, but much credit\ncan be given to the Department of Agriculture through advice to the cattlemen and in\nlocating good sires for them. Through the Farmers' Institute, too, quite a number of\nbulls and boars have been secured. Also with the Experimental Stations now situated\nat Prince George and Smithers some Shorthorn bulls, Hampshire rams, and high quality\nYorkshire sows and boars have been made available to the farmers at reasonable prices.\nThe second annual sale of cattle and sheep at Kamloops on September 29th was\nreasonably satisfactory. There was a marked improvement over 1941 in the quality of\nstock offered for sale. In part this was due to much of the poor-grade stock being\nmarketed the previous year and, in the second place, the contributors, now having confidence in the endeavour, sent all their marketable stock to the sale instead of only the\npoorer grades. A good deal of time and effort was put into the organization and\nassembling for the sale again this season, but it is felt that a stronger and more active\nexecutive body is required to obtain the best results. The competition was very strong\nthis year by private buyers and a number of producers may lose confidence in the sale\nby reason of the high private prices being offered, and also because the sale this year\nwas put on prior to the ceiling price of beef being raised.\nFewer sheep were offered for sale at Kamloops than last year, but the grading and\nweighing was better organized. There appears to be some doubt as to the advisability\nof marketing sheep at the same sale as cattle. They entail almost as much trouble,\nanimal for animal, in the grading, and the buyers do not appear enthusiastic in purchasing sheep after the cattle have been sold.\nSeveral good grade and registered beef bulls have gone into the Lake District during the past year and there was a wholesale exchange of bulls this fall. Considering\nthe number of grade and scrub bulls offered for sale at Kamloops the past few years it\nshows most producers are looking for a better class of stock. The general demand in\nthe Lake District is for Herefords, but in the Bulkley Valley Shorthorns (both beef and\ndual purpose) are in demand and occasionally there is call for an Aberdeen Angus bull.\nWith the increasing price for beef a few of the dairymen who have sufficient dairy stock\nfor the time being are turning to beef bulls so as to give them young stock of higher\nbeef quality.\nSeveral dairy bulls were brought into the Bulkley Valley a year ago. The results\nwill not be apparent for some time, but it is significant that Guernsey bulls were purchased for a Red Poll and two Holstein herds. This would indicate that with the\nincreased price and bonus for butter-fat, the farmers are looking for more returns\nfrom their cows. One of these bulls has since gone to the Kispiox District, where only\ngrade bulls were used previously.\nThe demand for butter-fat and whole milk is strong. Approximately 930 gallons\nof milk a week are going to Prince Rupert and the surplus from one dairy goes to DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 95\nTerrace. Prince Rupert could handle additional quantities of milk if further dairymen\nwere prepared to fit their premises for the business.\nWhile at Terrace during the summer with the Provincial Veterinarian a study was\nmade of the milk situation and supply at that place. It was obvious that much greater\nquantities could be used at Terrace, but it was considered unwise to go to any lengths\nto divert butter-fat sources of the Bulkley Valley to Terrace as there was every prospect\nof an added demand in the vicinity of Smithers in the near future for whole milk. A\nfew farmers are cutting down on hogs, but on the whole there will be some increase\nduring the coming year. A start has been made to encourage farmers to divert part\nof their timothy land to grain production so as to be able to feed more hogs and other\nforms of live stock.\nUntil this fall very little interest was taken in sheep problems, but a sudden demand\narose in October for several rams and some breeding ewes. We are pleased to report\nthat in practically every case satisfactory sales and exchanges were made. One flock\nof twenty-two ewes was shipped from Smithers to Hazelton under the free freight\npolicy and three rams were obtained under the Government Ram Loan Policy. Favourite breeds are Oxford and Suffolk with a few Hampshires being introduced.\nThe flock of sheep reported by Dr. A. Knight previously as suffering from ketosis\n(malnutrition) began showing symptoms of trouble this Fall. Dr. Knight again made\nan investigation. Cobalt preparations are now being fed and the owner reported\noptimistically early in November that he was sure that they were now on the right\ntreatment.\nField Crops.\nThe largest crop of timothy-seed and grain in the history of the district was harvested this year. While a fair price is expected for timothy-seed it will not be anywhere near that of 1941. In most cases only sufficient hay was cut to carry over the live\nstock for the season; consequently it is expected there will be a considerable demand\nfor hay by spring. Some of the more foresighted of the farmers do not see much\nfuture in the timothy-seed business and as current demands are for hogs and beef they\nare considering a drastic reduction in the timothy acreage and utilizing this land for\ncereal grain production. This grain is to be for live-stock feed, particularly hogs and\npoultry.\nThis district was well represented in the Field Crops Union, but as usual it was\nimpossible to inspect but few of the plots. Last season, in order to encourage the\ngrowing of legumes in the Francois Lake District to supplement the timothy-hay now\nfed, two lots of seed\u00E2\u0080\u0094red clover and alfalfa\u00E2\u0080\u0094were sent up by the Field Crops\nBranch for trial. The alfalfa went to Uncha Valley and the red clover to Grassy Plains.\nIn addition, farmers in the Francois Lake and Tatalrose areas purchased considerable\nquantities of alsike and red-clover seed. Careful instructions were given in every case\non inoculation, seeding, and preparation of the soil. However, the season was most\nfavourable and in every case excellent stands of these crops have been observed. Also,\nit is believed that this is the first year alsike clover has been threshed in the Lake\nDistrict. A total of 120 lb. of good quality seed was obtained on a farm at Grassy\nPlains. This will be seeded on the same farm.\nThe thresher reports show that small quantities of creeping red fescue, meadow-\nfescue, parkland brome, and crested wheat-grass are still being produced. This is in\nthe Francois-Ootsa Lakes Districts, but these crops take a good deal of care and few\nfarmers are willing to spend the necessary time in seeding and cultivation. Crested\nwheat-grass is used on several farms in the Lake District for hay and pasture. In the\nBulkley Valley timothy and red and alsike clover are produced readily so there is little\ndemand for other hay-crops and alfalfa, too, is quite a safe crop.\nPoultry.\nDuring the past year the Poultry Production Service sent an Inspector through the\ndistrict to establish egg-grading stations and Professor E. A. Lloyd, of the University\nof British Columbia, made a tour of the same area with a view to encouraging a greater\nproduction of poultry and eggs. X 96 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nThere is little doubt that lack of egg-grading facilities has discouraged the producer in putting first-class eggs on the market and, further, this same lack of grading\nhas greatly hindered disposal of the surplus. Grading stations are now situated at\nBurns Lake, Telkwa, and Smithers. A heavy demand for eggs and no further visits\nfrom the Inspectors has not contributed to the success of the stations at Smithers and\nBurns Lake. Grading has been carried on at Telkwa for several years and practically\nall eggs from that area are voluntarily put through for grading. It appears an educational programme among the poultrymen is required as well as a stricter enforcement\nof grading regulations.\nProfessor Lloyd made his visit to the district and was able to meet a number of the\npoultrymen and address two meetings. He was able to give valuable information on\npoultry-house construction and ventilation as well as feeding practices and choice of\nbreeds.\nThe larger poultry producers have considerably increased their flocks this year,\nbut there is still opportunity for the sale of a great many more eggs and meat birds.\nData are being compiled for extension-work on poultry production and it is hoped by\nspring more chickens and turkeys will be raised and an improvement shown in farm\nflocks. A few more turkeys were produced this year than previously and indications\nare that a good price will be realized for them. Very few ducks and geese are produced.\nHorticulture.\nAn investigation was made early in the year on the prevalence of anthracnose and\nother tree-fruit diseases in the Terrace District. There was found to be widespread\ninfection, which was chiefly blamed on abandoned orchards. However, it was found\nthat in very few cases were trees systematically sprayed and cared for to keep down\ninfection. Apple-scab is also prevalent for the same reason.\nIn the Kispiox area where successful plantings of departmental supplied trees were\nmade a few years ago there appeared an almost complete absence of diseases, but there\nwere indications of boron deficiency. Some study of this situation might be advisable,\nboth toward preventing apple losses as well as the possible relation of boron deficiency\nto what has been blamed on \" winter killing.\"\nAnnual plantings of apple and other trees supplied by the Provincial Department\nof Agriculture have met with varied success. The two most satisfactory years were\n1936 and 1941. The first were set out at Kispiox and Telkwa and have been bearing\nfor three to four years. The 1941 planting of 200 hardy apples and crab-apples was\nmost successful; but it has been very difficult to prevent damage by rabbits, which are\nnow very plentiful.\nGardens.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Gardens on the whole were particularly good. Truck-gardens at Terrace have found a ready market for all their produce and some from outside points is\nfinding its way to that point. Potatoes only were disappointing. There were heavy\nrains in May and June and the soil remained rather cold for this crop. Yields were\nhalf or less of what was expected. No doubt some potatoes will have to be brought in\nbefore spring, although perhaps only to Prince George and Terrace. Some effort should\nbe made to see that these potatoes do not come from areas infected with bacterial\nring-rot, or at least that none of these introduced potatoes are allowed to be used as\nseed. A few growers still carry on seed potato certification. It has been necessary for\nthe Provincial Representatives in Central British Columbia to make the second field\ninspection and tuber inspection to enable growers to carry on with potato certification\nas the volume produced does not warrant the expense of sending a Dominion Inspector\ninto the area three times a year. In respect to seed potato inspection, the disease\n\" witches' broom \" has been on the increase despite careful roguing. We were able this\nfall to determine that this was due to a \" delayed infection \" or \" development \" of the\ndisease and was not apparent at the time potatoes are ordinarily inspected. On two of\nthe larger fields it was found possible, only, to locate the delayed infection of \" witches'\nbroom \" after the first killing frost. Diseased plants were not affected in the same way\nas healthy plants. More observations would be necessary to determine the reliability\nof late roguing in the control of \" witches' broom.\" DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942.\nX 97\nMarkets.\nPractically all farm products are in demand now at remunerative prices. The\n1941 timothy-seed was marketed at prices ranging from $9.50 to $10.10 per hundredweight. This year offers were made at $5 f.o.b. shipping-point but have later been\nraised to $6.50. The growers are hopeful of eventually receiving $7, but that will\nprobably be the maximum obtainable. Locally grown feed-grain is being sold at $30\nto $32 per ton and up to $40 for mixed ground grain. There should be ample supplies\nof feed-grain, particularly wheat and oats.\nBeef prices to the Central British Columbia producer have been varied and erratic.\nCompetitive buying prior to the sale at Kamloops was strong. Private buyers were\noffering as high as $100 for 21/2-year-old butcher steers at the shipping-point. Sales\nat Kamloops ranged from $8.75 for good feeder steers to $7 for rough butcher steers.\nAt the ceiling price of $15.75 (carcass weight) at the time of the Kamloops sale $8.75\nwould appear to be the best price that the packers could pay at Kamloops. This would\nnet the Central British Columbia shipper approximately $8 per hundredweight for\ngood steers after marketing costs and freight had been deducted. Other prices at\nKamloops sale were: Yearling steers, $8.10 to $10.40; calves, $10.85 to $12.50; cows\n(other than poor canners), $5.05 to $7.30; bulls, $6.50 to $6.75. The top prices were\npaid chiefly by feeder buyers. With the raise in the ceiling prices producers are now\nreceiving $9 to $9.75 on good quality steers. The sheep sold at Kamloops at an average\nof $10.07 per hundredweight for No. 1 lambs and $5.50 to $8.25 on ewes. Very few\nhogs have been shipped out since spring. It is expected the car-load sent to Vancouver\non November 19th will net the producer approximately $15.20, basis B1 grade. The\nlast car on May 14th netted about $13. Local butchers have been paying $16 per\nhundredweight, if heads and feet are not removed; $17, less head and feet. Most\nproducers do not feel this is sufficient spread to warrant the trouble of killing one or\ntwo hogs at a time and delivering them.\nEgg and poultry prices have been following the Vancouver market very closely;\nin fact, during the past month storekeepers, disregarding grading regulations, have\nbeen paying 45 cents per dozen for eggs irrespective of size or quality and retailing\nthem ungraded at 55 cents. Turkey producers are expecting to receive 37 cents per\npound for good quality birds, but it is understood some have been contracted for at\n31 cents.\nThere has been no change in the butter-fat price paid by the creameries. Whole\nmilk is being retailed at 14 cents and 15 cents per quart at Prince Rupert, 14 cents at\nSmithers, and has recently been raised to 14 cents at Burns Lake. The whole-milk\nshippers to Prince Rupert received 72% cents per pound butter-fat up to August 31st\nand paid express of 66 cents per can. For September and October they received\n72% cents net and, starting November 1st, received 90 cents per pound butter-fat and\nagain paid the express. From 90 to 100 10-gallon cans a week go to Prince Rupert\nfrom seven shippers.\nJunior Clubs.\nName of Club.\nBulkley Valley Dairy Club..\nUncha Valley Beef Club\t\nDanskin Beef Club\t\nBulkley Valley Potato Club..\nQuick Potato Club\t\nBulkley Valley Swine Club..\nOmineca Alfalfa Club\t\nUncha Valley Alfalfa Club _\nNo. of\nMembers.\n6\n12\n12\nSupervisor.\nRay Oulton..\nR. W. Wiley......\nH. A. Durban..\nA. J. Clotworthy-...\nMrs. C. J. Killer..\nF. R. Annis \t\nA. J. Clotworthy...\nR. W. Wiley\t\nRemarks.\nRoyal Bank cup\nwinners, 1942.\nDistrict \" B \" Farmers'\nInstitute winners,\n1942 cup.\nNew club.\nNew club.\nNew club.\nFirst year.\nFirst year.\nI X 98 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nThe above eight clubs were all more or less active and satisfactory. Much more\nvaluable results could be obtained if district representatives and supervisors could\nspend more time with the boys and girls. Series of questions and informative answers\nwere prepared for the Alfalfa and Potato Clubs, with special reference to local problems.\nWhere supervisors can take the responsibility of collecting and distributing the questions and necessary literature this system is very satisfactory and less time at meetings\nis required. Another serious problem is the long distances between the homes of\nmembers of the same clubs. This difficulty is partly overcome by the use of questionnaires and occasionally in having meetings after school time, or, if the teacher is agreeable, during the last period.\nA judging team of two boys from the Lake District competed in the Provincial\nelimination contest at Armstrong in the Beef Club class. The team placed third. One\nboy placed second individually and the other sixth.\nThe Calf Clubs were judged through having the members and their calves brought\nto central points. J. Manning, District Agriculturist, Prince George, acted as official\njudge. The exhibits of potatoes from the Bulkley Valley and Quick Clubs were judged\nat the Quick District Fall Fair. Alfalfa Clubs do not complete their work until next\nseason but in most cases the members have given their plots every attention.\nMiscellaneous.\nDiseases of Live Stock.\u00E2\u0080\u0094The district is still relatively free of live-stock diseases.\nThe Ootsa Lake area has had problems of photosensitization and what is believed to be\nhsemorrhagic septicaemia. Both have received the attention of the Veterinary Division but complaints are received occasionally with regard to the latter disease. It is\nnot always possible, for a veterinarian to make an investigation when the trouble occurs.\nNo cases of encephalomyelitis have been reported. Round worms in hogs have given\ntrouble in a few isolated cases. Treatments were prescribed and sanitation methods\nadvised and for the most part the trouble has disappeared.\nPredatory Animals.-\u00E2\u0080\u0094Wolves, coyotes, and bears are a distinct menace to the livestock and poultry business in some sections. At least two sheepmen have gone out of\nsheep completely because of losses due to wolves and coyotes. The latter also kill many\nchickens and turkeys annually. Wolves and bears destroy a number of calves, but the\nactual losses are difficult to determine. The carcasses cannot be found in most cases.\nThus the owner may not know for what reason the cow has lost her calf. These matters\nhave been taken up by various persons and organizations, but no results have been\nobtained. The chief demand is to have the bounty on these animals raised to the point\nwhere it will be worth while going out to hunt the animals any time of the year.\nCrop Estimates, 1942. Estimated Yields.\nSpring wheat (bu.) 26,000\nFall wheat (bu.) 1,800\nOats (bu.) 89,000\nBarley (bu.) 22,300\nPeas (bu.) 55\nRye (bu.) 220\nTimothy-seed (lb.) ....1,400,000\nClover-timothy mixtures (lb.) 150,000\nCreeping red fescue (lb.) 3,500\nMeadow-fescue (lb.) 4,000\nBrome-grass (lb.) 1,500\nCrested wheat-grass (lb.) 2,000 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942.\nX 99\nLdve-atoek Shipments (Car-\nloads).\nShipping-point.\nVancouver, etc.\nPrince\nRupert.\nKamloops.\nCattle.\nSheep.\nHogs.\nCattle.\nSheep.\nCattle.\nSheep.\nSmithers. \t\nQuick \t\nTelkwa\t\n1\n1\n15\n1\n2\n1\n3\n1\n11\n1\n1\n1\n4\n3\n1\n1\n1\n1\n10\nHouston \t\nTopley \t\nForestdale\t\nBarrett \t\n1\nEndako \t\nTotals (61 ears)\t\n17\n1\n3\n16\n23\nSmithers to Terrace \u00E2\u0080\u0094\n2 cars cattle.\nDairy Products.\nThe following table summarizes the approximate amount of butter-fat marketed\nthrough creameries:\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Lb. Net Value.\nInterior creameries 83,300\nNechako creamery 13,400\nTotals 96,700\nWhole-milk trade to Prince Rupert and\nTerrace 18,200\nTotals 114,900\n$35,779.00\n10,875.00\n$46,654.00\nPrecipitation Records as supplied by the Smithers Experimental Sub-station.\nMonth.\n1942.\n1941.\n1940.\n0.79\n3.14\n2.37\n1.32\n1.21\n0.93\n1.86\n0.63\n1.18\n2.21\n1.10\n0.87\n2.47\n1.64\n0.75\n0 45\nJuly .......\t\n1.72\n1.61\n0.36\nTotals\t\n11.62\n10.07\n7 28\nNECHAKO AND PRINCE GEORGE.\nJ. E. Manning, B.S.A., District Agriculturist.\nAfter a winter that was unusually mild for these parts, spring opened with promise\nin the middle of the month of April and this promise was amply fulfilled when the crops\nwere harvested in the autumn. The land was being worked all over the district by the\nend of April, and by the end of May all crops were seeded, with the exception of some of\nthe roots. There were four nights in June when light frosts were registered, but none\nof them were damaging to the growing crops. From this date until August 26th tho\ndistrict was quite free from frost.\nThis office has rendered considerable service to the army authorities since the local\ncamp was established, and many conferences have been held concerning supplies and\non other matters. X 100 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nIn June the District Farmers' Institute held its annual convention at Prince George\nand, at the request of the Rehabilitation Council, the delegates drew up a brief on\nrehabilitation, which was afterwards submitted to the Council when it reached Prince\nGeorge.\nThis office was instrumental in obtaining much help from the military during hay-\nharvesting operations, but could not get any assistance for the grain harvest.\nAt the end of September the second annual sale of the Central British Columbia\nLive-stock Association was held at Kamloops, to which organization this office gave\nevery possible assistance.\nWeather.\nA mild winter, light spring rains when they were needed, and a long spell of dry\nweather during the ripening period permits one to record almost a perfect year. Rainfall for the twelve months was 19.68 inches; yearly average, 24.40 inches. Maximum\ntemperature, 93.8 degrees on August 16th. Minimum temperature, 20 degrees below\nzero on December 31st.\nCrops.\nIt is estimated that slightly more acreage than last year was planted to oats, barley,\nand wheat, but most of this extra acreage was ploughed in the spring owing to the wet\nfall. In the Prince George area this is especially true, as it was found necessary to\nplough up some of the alsike-clover fields that had been damaged during the previous\nfall and winter. The circumstances of this destruction were unusual. The constant\nrains during the previous autumn prevented the cutting of many fields of alsike-clover\nseed and, as the crop was generally a heavy one, as it slowly rotted down it smothered\nthe roots beneath. When spring came it was found that many of these fields had\nnothing on them but timothy grass, and so they were ploughed up and a grain-crop sown.\nUnfortunately the annual threshermen's returns are slow in coming in, and so no\ncorrect estimate of the total yield can be given at this time, but there is every indication\nthat these three crops will equal if not surpass the yields of any previous years. Vanderhoof District believes it has the best crop it has ever had in all three classes of grain,\nwith oats running as high as 120 bushels per acre, wheat at 70 bushels, and barley the\nsame amount. In the Prince George area the yields were slightly less than at Vanderhoof, but very heavy nevertheless. McBride District farmers are very pleased with\ntheir crops, but a wet spell in early September delayed threshing there, and so some of\nthe fall stubble pasture was lost.\nThe alsike-clover seed-crop is as good this year as it was poor last year, when only\n22,000 lb. were recorded as threshed. Up to the time of writing, the eighteen thresher-\nmen's reports that are already in record 101,000 lb. threshed, and of these eighteen\nreports only two of them came from the larger operators. The total grass and clover\nseed reported so far is 112,900 lb. against the full total last year of 39,600 lb.\nPrices for alsike and other clover seed are good, but timothy-seed is low and there\nare some fields that are yielding a mixture that runs more than 50 per cent, timothy.\nFor the first time this district has seen really competitive bidding for this crop, and\nthere is every indication that the farmers have greatly benefited by it. A new firm\nhas entered the field (McCabe Bros., of Winnipeg and Edmonton), and has been paying\ncash on the spot for all they have bought. The buyer came into the Prince George\nDistrict twice during the season and told the writer on his final visit he had bought\n200,000 lb. of clover and grass seed. His price was 20 cents per pound for No. 1 alsike,\nf.o.b. Prince George, and from 4 cents to 5 cents for No. 1 timothy. The other buyers\ncame into the district after the former had made one visit, and their prices were 22\ncents and 6 cents respectively, f.o.b. New Westminster or Vancouver. The Vanderhoof\nDistrict produced very close to 25 tons of seed, most of which is alsike, and most of it\nwill go to New Westminster or Vancouver.\nThere were not many potato-growers this year, principally owing to labour shortage, but at Woodpecker both E. J. Down and M. Kerkhoff planted several acres and have\nmanaged to harvest them. Mr. Down took a contract to supply the local army camp\nwith 30 tons of potatoes and 15 tons of mixed vegetables, and has fulfilled the contract\nsatisfactorily. Now Mr. Kerkhoff is seeking a similar contract, but for potatoes only. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 101\nPotatoes are selling for from $3 to $3.50 per sack, retail, and may go higher. I believe\nthe contract price of Mr. Down's was $2.50 laid down in Prince George and $2 per 100\nlb. for turnips. There are other farmers ready to supply turnips to the same market\nand are likely to get contracts. The Down potato-crop was badly affected with wire-\nworms, and the yield was cut down considerably owing to this infestation. It is the\nonly report of this nature that has reached this office.\nWheat has been offered and sold for $1.25 per 100 lb., both at Prince George and at\nVanderhoof, but there is very little of the oat-crop moving, and no price could be quoted\nat Vanderhoof when an inquiry was made. The grower at Vanderhoof considers the\nFree Freight Policy reacts against him.\nLive Stock.\nAs no official report to the contrary has been received, it can be presumed that the\ndistrict's live stock is healthy, although it is necessary to report that recently it was\nstated at Vanderhoof that part of a car-load of cattle shipped out of that place to Vancouver was found to be infected with tuberculosis. No confirmation of this report has\nyet been received, but one man did volunteer the information that the infected cattle\nhad been shipped into the district from an outside point not long before.\nDr. A Knight, Provincial Veterinarian, paid his annual visit to the district and\ncovered the entire area from McBride to Fraser Lake. It would be of service to this\noffice if a report of Dr. Knight's findings were received, for there is a certain amount of\nstock moving around the district and it would be helpful to be able to say that a certain\narea was a safe one from which to bring stock.\nThe Provincial-Dominion Sheep Policy has made very little headway here, and this\nin spite of considerable effort to promote it. The only actual purchases made under\nthis arrangement that can be given for this area were two small lots, but with the\nassistance of Harry Bowman, of the C.N.R., who has been promoting the policy very\nvigorously, it is possible that a full car-load may yet be brought in. A letter was sent\nto N. Curtis, of Edmonton, to see if certain orders for sheep could be filled and it was\ndisappointing to learn that it might not be possible to fill the orders. The unexpected\nplacing of a date-limit of previous ownership to as late a date as May 31st was partly\nthe means of the loss of interest in the scheme.\nA few nice herds of beef stock are being gradually built up, among these can be\nmentioned the herds of Samuels Bros, and E. C. McGeachy, of Vanderhoof, in addition\nto the large operations of the Frontier Cattle Company, also of Vanderhoof. At Prince\nGeorge there are W. Winterton, A. Miller, A. Fishback, and R. Pinko. With the exception of Mr. Fishback's herd of Angus, all these herds are of the Hereford breed. Both\nMr. Miller and Mr. Fishback shipped a few bulls to the Williams Lake sale, while\nSamuels Bros, brought back one from this place, and W. Winterton one from the\nKamloops sale last winter.\nThe Experimental Station, under R. G. Newton, has been selling all the bull calves\nit can spare from its pure-bred Ayrshire herd to dairy-farmers in the Prince George\nand Beaverley Districts. In addition, the station has been selling its surplus rams\nand has had many inquiries for breeding females, but has not yet sold any.\nThe second annual sale of the Central British Columbia Live-stock Association\ntook place at Kamloops on September 29th. Some objection was made by prospective\nshippers that the date set was too early, but as it was set by the beef-growers in the\nBurns Lake area, where the majority of stock comes from, no blame can be placed on\nthe management in this respect. To enlarge the sale and to make it of greater interest\nto the buyer, an invitation was sent to the beef-growers of the North Thompson District to contribute some stock. The invitation was accepted and seventeen of these\ngrowers sent in approximately 200 head, which realized $13,742. The Central British\nColumbia growers' contribution was 870 cattle and 400 sheep, which realized $56,902,\nand there were 194 contributors or members. Last year the sale realized $43,000 and\nthere were 140 members. The increase in gross returns and in membership is pleasing\nto record and reflects much credit on those who had the organizing to do.\n130.606 X 102 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nOne of the original ideas that prompted this sale of Central British Columbia\ncattle was that it would give the small grower an equal opportunity with the larger\ngrower to have his cattle or other stock \" bid on \" by auction, instead of having to\naccept whatever might be offered by any itinerant buyer that happened to visit his\nfarm. This plan seems to be working out, for the majority of the shippers are small\nproducers and therefore there are many of them. The more shippers there are the\nmore book-keeping there will be, and here a serious problem presents itself. The only\nindividual connected with the association who may be said to receive a salary is the\nsecretary, who for the past two years has been R. Blackburn, of Prince George. This\nofficial works intermittently before the sale and, as it has turned out during the past\ntwo years of operation, for about one month steadily after the sale has taken place,\nmaking out the statements and cheques in settlement to the contributors. It is quite\nobvious that no one man could do such a task alone in so short a time. We learn from\nthose who have had experience in such undertakings that the surest way to instil confidence in the mind of a shipper to such sales it to settle his account as quickly as\npossible. This has been done as far as was possible, but the secretary alone could\nnot possibly do it, and the only ones that seem available to help him are the two District\nAgriculturists of the area covered by the organization\u00E2\u0080\u0094namely, Smithers and Prince\nGeorge. These officials have been instructed not to accept any official responsibility,\nand they have not done so nor do they intend to, but unofficially they have had to undertake a very heavy load of extra work in the interests of the association. There is no\ndoubt that in their minds they are convinced that the association and its annual sale\nis essential to Central British Columbia, and that they will do almost anything to keep\nit actively alive, but there should be a limit on the amount of work they have to do in\nthis connection. Recommendations from this office would be:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nFirst: That a competent auditor or accountant attend the sale and be responsible for keeping track of all accounts and expenses connected with the\nsale. Knowing the total expenses and the receipts, he will be able to\nstrike the correct amount or rate of assessment each shipper must pay,\nand before the other officials disperse he should strike a trial balance\nshowing there is enough money available to pay all accounts.\nSecond: The secretary to employ such help as he requires when making out\nthe statements. The district office in whatever end of Central British\nColumbia the secretary lives might be used as a temporary office, as the\nPrince George office has been for the past two years.\nThird: The association set the rate of salary that will be paid the secretary.\n(This has not yet been done.)\nFourth: The costs of the above will be paid by the association from the\nassessed costs.\nFifth: The District Agriculturists (a) to do all they can when the sale is\nbeing organized, and to open their offices for the acceptance of cattle;\n(b) one or both to attend the sale for the purpose of identifying the\nstock; (c) to be available for advisory purposes only when the settlements\nare being made up; (d) attend the annual meetings in an advisory\ncapacity.\nSuch arrangements would relieve the district officials of much work and worry,\nand would tend to make the association self-sustaining and independent.\nThe McBride District was organized for the first time in an attack on the warble-\nfly. The work was under the leadership of W. C. Shovar, who is president of the\nMcBride Farmers' Institute. There were 185 head of stock treated twice. The seventh\nyear of warble-fly treatment in the Prince George District was not organized so well\nas in previous years, but quite a number of cattle were treated in spite of this. The\nPineview District continued with the vaccine for encephalomyelitis and gave two treatments. So far there have been no cases of this disease, although Dr. Knight did\ninvestigate one report that came from the Strathnaver District, where it was believed\na horse was suffering from this disease. It proved to be otherwise. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 103\nHorticulture.\nStrawberries and raspberries are now being grown in certain parts of District\n\" C \" in commercial quantities. One small farm at Chilako sold 200 cases of strawberries this year, whilst most of the farm gardens now have their patches of strawberries and raspberries. Black currants grow remarkably well throughout Central\nBritish Columbia, but are occasionally badly infected with a grub which attacks both\nleaf and fruit.\nSome excellent apples are grown at a farm west of McBride, which compare in\nsize to many varieties that are imported into the district. In Prince George some very\ngood-looking apples other than \" crabs\" were produced this year, but, generally\nspeaking, tree-fruit growing has been disappointing. So many trees die when four\nor five years old, some of these from sun-scald, and up to the present time no one\nvariety has been definitely proven to be suitable to certain localities. The Experimental Station has several hundred fruit-trees planted out, and it might be that from all\nthese some varieties will stand out as suitable to this climate and district. There have\nbeen many inquiries from farmers for \" free \" fruit-trees, but it has been intimated\nthat this free distribution has been discontinued for the duration of the war at least.\nBees.\nThe services of this office were extended to the District Institute in the spring\nwhen a large shipment of package bees was brought to Prince George for distribution.\nIn this shipment were fifty-four 3-lb. packages and several extra queens, and it was\ndistributed over the district from McBride to Vanderhoof. They all came from A.\nWinn, of Petaluma, California, who has supplied package bees to this region for some\nyears. It is estimated that at least seventy-five packages were brought in last spring,\nand many bee-keepers are attempting to hold their colonies over the winter.\nThe amount of honey produced varies greatly, and a fair average this year will\nbe around 50 lb. per colony. Honey was sold in the early part of the selling season\nat 15 cents per pound, but this was quickly lifted to 20 cents and most of the supplies\nhave been bought up.\nAt the annual meeting of the Prince George Fall Fair, it was decided that through\nthe secretary, who is a bee enthusiast, they are prepared to bring bee-supplies into this\narea on a wholesale basis, and so supply the local needs at the reduced rate.\nFall Fairs.\nFall fairs were held at Fort Fraser, Woodpecker, and at McBride. At the first\nand last places the District Agriculturist acted as one of the judges, and arranged the\njudges for the Woodpecker fair. All of these events went off very well, but all were\non a smaller scale than in previous years. At the last minute the fair at Prince\nGeorge was cancelled as the military authorities were in possession of the only suitable\nhall. At a recent annual meeting of this body all arrangements were made to reopen\nthe fair next year. _ , x\nFarmers Institutes.\nSome of these organizations are having a difficult time to function, but the general\nopinion is that they must continue. Some have particularly active executives and hold\nregular meetings. During the past year every Institute has been visited, some several\ntimes as they are easy to reach, and at every Institute moving pictures have been\nshown, at least once during the year.\nAt the District \" C \" convention, which was very well attended and very well\nmanaged, one-half day was spent considering a brief on rehabilitation which they had\nbeen invited to prepare. The resulting brief was highly commended by the chairman\nof the Council, who said its special usefulness lay in the fact that it dealt with Central\nBritish Columbia, whose conditions were well known to the delegates who prepared it.\nBoys' and Girls' Clubs.\nThe following is the list of clubs that were formed last spring and which have\nbeen carried through to fulfilment:\u00E2\u0080\u0094 X 104 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nSix Poultry Clubs: Vanderhoof District (3), Salmon Valley (1), Tabor Creek\nand Pineview (1), and Hixon and Woodpecker (1).\nTwo Calf Clubs: Hixon-Woodpecker-Strathnaver (1) and Pineview-Beaver-\nley (1).\nTwo Alfalfa Clubs started for the first year.\nConsidering the times, it has been a successful year as there were over ninety\nmembers in the ten clubs. Two special meetings were held in connection with each club\nand stock-judging classes were held in Beaverley and Pineview. Two of the members\nwere again trained for, and attended, the Armstrong Fair, where they took second place\nwith three teams competing. They proved themselves proficient in the theoretical\nexamination but fell down in the actual judging. The boys and their parents were\nvery grateful to the Department for the favour extended. The writer was given the\nprivilege of driving the two teams who represented Central British Columbia to\nArmstrong, where he worked with S. S. Phillips, who had charge of the Judging\nCompetitions.\nAcknowledgment must here be made to the organizers of this District's Clubs.\nThey were C. Semerad, of Hixon; S. Zingle, of Prince George; and W. Kienzle, of\nBeaverley. Without their unselfish assistance and interest the Clubs would in all likelihood have languished. As it was, every member who entered in the spring finished\nthe project. At Vanderhoof very much help was given by Miss Olds, school-teacher at\nthe Prairiedale School, and Mrs. W. Mcintosh, who together organized the two Poultry\nClubs, and N. E. Williams, organizer of the Ellesby and Webber Lake Poultry Club and\nthe Vanderhoof Alfalfa Club.\nThe Pineview Garden Club, sponsored annually by the Cariboo Women's Institute,\nwas not so strong in membership as formerly. The gardens of these members were\ninspected twice and finally judged by the District Agriculturist, who also assisted other\ninspectors when the Prince George City Gardens were rated for the Horticultural\nSociety.\nAssistance to the Military.\nMany conferences were held with various officers of the local camp, mainly dealing\nwith milk, vegetable, and straw supplies. An effort was made to find a local fresh-milk\nsupply for the camp, but as this called for from 500 to 700 gallons of milk daily it had\nto be dropped. Most of the straw for bedding purposes was got from Vanderhoof,\nwhere there was plenty of good, bright straw to be had. At the request of the Commanding General, the camp-site was inspected in the company of R. G. Newton and\nrecommendations for seeding-down made. Suitable top-soil was afterwards located for\nthe gardens it was hoped would be planted next season. Quite recently the Intelligence\nCorps has requested much information on the district and this has been given to them,\nwith sketches of roads in various localities, and the location of \" key men \" should they\nbe required. A trip into the Vanderhoof District will be undertaken soon to obtain\nsimilar information there. All the above work has been done by the District Agriculturist and seemingly to the satisfaction of the authorities. The military were able\nto repay some of these \" favours \" during the summer, when upon request they allowed\nover seventy-five men leave of absence for four-day periods to help in the hay-fields.\nAfter this arrangement was started there were farmers who went direct to the camp\nand got their men, so it is difficult to say just how many men actually helped. It was\na wonderful service and it made all the difference to the existing conditions here.\nOwing to a change of orders, this service could not be obtained for the grain harvest,\nbut thanks to a long period of fine weather, the grain harvest was safely gathered in\nand threshed.\nMiscellaneous.\nVisitors to the district who assisted in some way or other were A. Wirwick, of the\nUniversity Extension Department, who held meetings at Prince George, Vanderhoof,\nand Fort Fraser, and spoke on the Co-operative Movement, and showed some excellent\npictures. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942.\nX 105\nProfessor A. Lloyd also came through from District \" B \" and spent one day at\nPrince George, where he inspected all the poultry flocks in or near the town and at\nnight addressed a well-attended meeting of poultrymen.\nBoth men did the district a good service and especially pleased their audiences.\nT. G. Stewart, of the Dominion Department of Agriculture, made two visits of\ninspection; N. Wright passed through the district on potato inspection; and finally,\nA Falls, of the Plants Products Division, was up inspecting seed plots and grain. The\nlatter two men were given some assistance from this office.\nCar-load Shipments of Live Stock from District \" C \" per C.N.R., 1942.\nFrom.\nDestination.\nCattle.\nSheep.\nVancouver \u00E2\u0080\u009E_\u00E2\u0080\u009E_\n1\n2\n2\n1\n2\n1\n9\n3\n2\n1\n1\n1\n2\nMcBride \t\n\"Vancouver _\u00E2\u0080\u009E _\n1\nPrince George ,\nKamloops _\t\n1\n1\nTotals \t\n28\nSummary.\nTo Vancouver 11 cars cattle, and 2 sheep.\nTo Prince Rupert 1 \u00E2\u0080\u009E \u00E2\u0080\u009E\nTo Edmonton 3 \u00E2\u0080\u009E \u00E2\u0080\u009E\nTo Kamloops 13 \u00E2\u0080\u009E \u00E2\u0080\u009E \u00E2\u0080\u009E 1 \u00E2\u0080\u009E\n28 3\nCARIBOO AND LILLOOET.\nWm. T. Carlyle, B.S.A., B.V.Sc, V.S., District Agriculturist.\nThe winter of 1941-42 was comparatively mild and there was very little snow. It\nwas an easy winter on feed and this was of considerable help to those who were not able\nto put up as much hay as usual last year. Cattle were able to forage on winter range\nto a much greater extent than in the average year.\nThe spring weather was backward, especially in the northern part of the area. On\nthe range, however, conditions were ideal and there was wonderful growth. Beef made\nsplendid gains at this time.\nThere was considerable rain in June but, due to the cool weather, growth was\ngenerally slow. However, July was an excellent month for plant-growth, considerable\nrain fell and this, coupled with hot weather, produced ideal growing conditions.\nHaying was carried on with some difficulty due to wet weather and much of the\nhay in the stack is coarse and weathered.\nShowers on several days in September interfered with both haying and harvest.\nHowever, the crops were harvested under better conditions than in 1941.\nSheep.\nCertain areas in the Cariboo are much more suitable for sheep production than for\ncattle. In this regard one thinks chiefly of the areas east of the Cariboo Highway. In X 106 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nspite of this, however, sheep numbers have been dwindling. This year several flocks\nhave been dispersed, whilst only four small flocks have been started for which assistance\nwas given by this office to obtain a Dominion Government loan ram. The reason for\nthe decline in numbers over the past several years can be directly attributed to predatory animals. Some large flocks were sold out this year for other reasons; the two\nlargest because the owners were retiring from farming. However, predatory animals\nconstitute an insurmountable stumbling-block to any one wishing to increase sheep\nnumbers here. Two methods are often suggested to avoid such losses. One is the\nfencing of tame pastures and the other is the herding of several bunches of sheep\ntogether.\nIn regard to fencing cultivated pastures, this has certain difficulties. Farmers\nhere need all their cultivated land to grow winter feed on. Fencing material is expensive and, due to priorities, it may be impossible to obtain. Such a fence must be\npartly of woven wire to keep the sheep in and it must also have several strands of\nbarbed-wire, electrified, if bears are to be stopped. The herding of several bunches\ntogether has been suggested to several sheepmen but they have not taken kindly to the\nplan for one reason or another. Petty jealousies amongst neighbours seems to be the\nchief reason. At present the services of herders would be almost impossible to obtain.\nSmall operators can produce top market lambs while it may be difficult for them to\nproduce top quality beef. Sheep production could greatly expand without reducing\ncattle production noticeably, each being adapted to a different type of country.\nDairying.\nFor many years now the Cariboo District has been served by the Quesnel Creamery,\noperated by the Cariboo Farmers' Co-operative Association. In May, 1942, the Interior\nCreameries of Prince George opened a new branch creamery at Williams Lake. During\nthe fall of 1941 they erected a very attractive up-to-date building. In this building\nthey installed up-to-date creamery equipment, capable of turning out churnings of\n10,000 lb. a week. While part of the cream received has been obtained from shippers\nformerly shipping elsewhere, the presence of a creamery locally has induced many\npeople to become cream-shippers. The quality of the cream received has been very\ngood. All butter manufactured has been sold locally.\nCream prices for special ranged between 34 cents and 36 cents a pound butter-fat.\nSince payment of the Dominion Government bonus started in July the price has been\n40 cents a pound, bonus included.\nPoultry.\nExcellent prices have been received for both eggs and dressed poultry and the\nseason has been a profitable one. Between Marguerite and Quesnel one can visit some\nvery well-managed poultry plants which are sources of pride and profit to their owners.\nTo maintain production during cold snaps many laying-houses are artificially heated.\nPullets are separated from older hens for early winter production and properly balanced\nrations are provided.\nHogs.\nGood returns have been obtained by those engaged in hog feeding and raising.\nThree ranchers in the vicinity of Soda Creek will have marketed around 1,600 hogs\nduring the year, and each has a planned expansion for next year. A prominent feature\nof their operations is the importation of Prairie grain.\nThe Cariboo Live-stock and Fair Association.\nThis association, formed fourteen years ago, for many years conducted a successful\nagricultural fair. In 1938 the first Annual Feeder Show and Sale was held, with which\nwas combined the Annual Bull Sale. This sale has become an annual event and has\nbeen very successful in obtaining true market prices for the stock offered. In\nNovember, 1941, the Cariboo Stockmen's Association and the Cariboo Live-stock and\nFair Association appointed a marketing committee to study ways and means of bringing about a more satisfactory system of marketing cattle from the Cariboo throughout\nthe whole of the shipping season. The marketing committee met several times and DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 107\nfinally perfected arrangements whereby the Cariboo Live-stock and Fair Association\nwould conduct a marketing agency.\nThe manager has met with wonderful success in his efforts and has marketed the\ngreater majority of the cattle and sheep from this area. Sales are made at local\nshipping-points on local weights. Sealed bids are received and the highest bidder gets\nthe cattle. The association makes payment after the sale has been made. This marketing scheme has been enthusiastically received and has been loyally supported by all\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nsmall ranchers and farmers as well as the large outfits. The most pleasing feature is\nthe tremendous benefit it has been to the small men, not only in the higher prices\nreceived but in the greater convenience it has been for them in being able to ship their\nstock when they were ready. The operations have extended from the 100-Mile House\nto Quesnel.\nOn September 9th a special show and sale of sheep was held, and $200 in prizes\ndonated by the Dominion and Provincial Departments of Agriculture was distributed.\nSales were made through the marketing agency. Approximately 1,200 head were sold.\nThe show classes were remarkably well filled. It was perhaps one of the best showings\nof lambs made at Williams Lake for many years. In order to provide an opportunity\nto market, which seemed an excellent way to help the sheep industry, your Agriculturist\nserved as manager of this event. The top lambs brought 10 cents a pound with some\nof the prize-winners bringing 12 cents. No. 2's brought 9 cents and feeders 8 cents\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nall local weights.\nThe Fifth Annual Cariboo Show and Sale was held October 5th to 9th, with the\nauction sale on October 8th and the bull sale October 9th. Your District Agriculturist\nagain acted as manager of this sale. The number of cattle entered this year was less\nthan last year. This by no means depicts any falling off of support for the sale, but\nrather was caused by some of those wishing to bring stock not being able to do so\nbecause of late haying.\nThe auction sale was again conducted in record time\u00E2\u0080\u00941,892 head of cattle passing\nthrough the ring in three hours. Prices were the best received at any sale to date.\nThe announcement of the higher price ceiling came most opportunely the morning of\nthe sale.\nCrops.\nVegetables.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Only in the area about Quesnel and south to Soda Creek are vegetables grown in a commercial way for sale. The growers in this region are to be commended for having formed a co-operative marketing agency known as the \" North\nGrowers' Co-operative.\" Not only has this Co-operative obtained better prices for the\nproducts sold for its members but many small lots of vegetables have a market provided\nwhere otherwise there would be none. Also in bringing- in stock and poultry supplies,\nfertilizers, flour and feed, they have performed a real service in considerably lowering\nthe prices of these products throughout the district. They are the sub-agents of the\nB.C. Coast Vegetable Marketing Board in the area which they serve. This fall very\ngratifying prices were received for their early produce. The September output was\nsent to Prince George. This was a satisfactory compensation for the great drop there\nhas been in the Wells market.\nPotatoes.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Yields were good and quality better than in 1941. There was slightly\nmore land in production than last year. About 800 tons will be marketed from the\ndistrict. Most of the potatoes will be shipped out this year. The Co-operative pool\nprices each month. No. 1 white potatoes obtained $56 a ton during September.\nTurnips.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Turnips gave a good yield and were of excellent quality. There was a\nlarger acreage than formerly. Approximately 600 tons will be marketed from the area\nthis year. One grower marketed 15 tons in September and received $60 a ton.\nGrain.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Grain-crops yielded very satisfactory returns. Lands in the southern part\nof the district that are not irrigated and which during average seasons yield light crops,\nproduced abundantly. Certainly the returns were much above the average. In the\nQuesnel area, while grain-crops were good, they could not be rated as being much above\nthe normal good crop to be expected there. X 108 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nMuch grain was shipped in last winter under the Free Freight Policy applying to\nPrairie grain. This will continue this winter. Many stockmen believe grain cannot\nbe produced as cheaply in the Cariboo as it can be obtained under this scheme.\nHay and Pasture.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Heavier growth has seldom been observed than during the past\nseason. Reseeding could perhaps very profitably be carried out over large areas of\nrange land. Crested wheat-grass and sainfoin are plants remarkably suited for such\nreseeding purposes, as many tests carried on from this office over the past fourteen\nyears have amply demonstrated. On wet meadows Reed canary-grass and meadow-\nfoxtail have merit.\nTests of varieties of grasses have been carried on and the records of such forwarded to the Field Crops Branch.\nCorn.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Assistance was again given by way of collecting orders for a bulk shipment\nfor those wishing to obtain seed-corn. Seed of the most popular variety, Rainbow\nFlint, could not be secured this year and Minnesota 13 and Falconer were substituted.\nThe shortage of materials and labour rather precludes the extension of this valuable\ncrop at present. The prediction is made that the growing of corn as an ensilage crop\nwill one day become a valuable source of winter feed on those ranches with favourable\nsituation.\nSoil Fertility.\nAttention has been given to problems of soil fertility. Commercial fertilizers are\noften purchased and doubts arose as to whether they were necessary or of the proper\nkind. Working with the North Cariboo Growers' Co-operative much information has\nbeen given out on fertilizers and some experimental plots laid out. The problem is a\ncomplex one for many soil types are encountered.\nKAMLOOPS AND NICOLA.\nG. A. Luyat, B.S.A., District Agriculturist.\nNo snow accumulated at the lower levels during the winter of 1941-42, but light\nflurries, which disappeared as quickly as they came, did, however, pile up at the higher\naltitudes, the depth in these spots being recorded as 1% feet against 3 feet in a normal\nwinter. This has been the second winter without a normal snowfall. The short irrigation supply was relieved by the continuous heavy spring rains which turned creeks\ninto small rivers. Temperatures were very even and mild during the entire winter, the\nlowest recorded being about 15\u00C2\u00B0 below zero and then only for a day or two at the higher\nlevels. Rains continued until the middle of July and impeded haymaking in the early\nstages. An unbroken dry spell occurred from early August until the middle of September, which greatly eased grain-harvesting operations; from then on a few rains\ncame, but on the whole a good fall season was had. November to date has had excellent\nweather with only a light snowfall on the higher hills.\nBeef Industry.\nThe first shipment of grass beef moved out of the Nicola District to Calgary on\nMay 30th at $8, f.o.b. shipping-point. 'During June a few cattle moved, but the succulent condition of the grass retarded heavier shipping until July. In the meantime,\nhowever, buyers were scouring the country for cattle and some were contracted for\nearly July delivery, particularly in cases where the buyer had army contracts to fill.\nSteers for the early July delivery were settled for at prices ranging from $10.25 to DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942.\nX 109\n$10.75, but later in the month the price rose to $11 and $11.75\u00E2\u0080\u0094the latter figure being\npaid in a few cases. A table showing prices for the year is as follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nMonth.\nCows.\nHeifers.\nSteers.\n$7.00\n8.00\n8.50\n9.00\n7.50\n7.00\n7.25\n7.50\n.$8.25\n10.00\n9.00\n8.50\n8.50\n8.75\n$8.75\nMay \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 _\t\nJune \t\n11.75 (July 7)\n9.00 (July 24)\n9.75\n9.10\n9 10\nAugust \t\nSeptember \t\nNovember . \t\n9.50\nFeeder steers in September and October moved at prices ranging from $8 to $9.50,\nwith breeding heifers at $9. Heavy calves were unusually high and sold from $10 to\n$12.50, the reason being that this stuff was in keen demand from the feeders and\nbreeders.\nAbout 1,200 cattle were on feed in the districts of Kamloops, Ashcroft, and Nicola.\nThis number includes some cattle which were not exactly on full feed, but just warmed\nup. The season of 1941 was very unfavourable for grain harvesting and no doubt\nlimited cattle-feeding, although a number of car-loads of feed-grain were brought in\nunder the Federal Freight Assistance Policy to help out this situation. Weather conditions were quite ideal for feeding as the weather was cold enough to keep yards from\nbecoming mucky. The total number of head shipped to date from Nicola and Merritt is\n6,002 and from Kamloops-Westwold 6,025\u00E2\u0080\u00941,076 of the latter being shipped from the\nCentral British Columbia sale at Kamloops.\nThe average calf-crop for the district was 75 to 80 per cent., which is a considerable\nincrease over that of 1941. Some cattlemen reported that they had no dry cows to ship\nthis year. This is explained by the fact that the cow herds were in good physical and\nbreeding condition during the breeding season of 1941, resulting from an easy winter\nfollowed by luxuriant grazing on the ranges. The calf-crop is very largely dependent\non the protein intake of cows just prior to the breeding season. On account of the still\nbetter grazing conditions existing in May and June of this year, it would be safe to\npredict a further general increase in the calf-crop for 1943.\nRanges during the spring of this year were reported by pioneer stockmen as carrying a growth never seen so luxuriant heretofore in the history of the district. Heavy\ncontinuous spring rains and cool weather stimulated a heavy growth of grass everywhere, even on the generally overstocked and overeaten ranges. There is a good reserve\nof hay on all ranches, even though only one cutting of alfalfa was taken in some\ninstances on account of the shortage of labour. An accumulation of reserves resulted\nfrom the two mild winters, when cattle were able to make full use of winter ranges\nwhich, in turn, had greater carrying capacities because of the extra production of grass\nfrom ideal conditions.\nThere has been a very favourable distribution of registered beef bulls in the district this year. Hereford bulls were picked up readily at an average price of $300.\nA car-load of Hereford bulls was shipped to the Nicola from the Calgary sale. The\nchampion Hereford of the Calgary show, Donald Domino, offered by S. P. Gould, was\npurchased by Bulman Bros., newcomers to the Hereford business. R. MacGregor, of\nPinantan, who has rapidly come to the front as a Hereford breeder, bought Domino\nCaerleon 47th, bred by Edgar Bros. Another herd sire, Beau Baldwin 12th, bred by\nH. Campbell, was purchased by E. Hysop, Chase, B.C. R. Taylor, Princeton, bought\nDownsview Key, Junior Champion Shorthorn at Calgary.\nThe following breeders from this district contributed bulls to the Cariboo Bull Sale,\nheld on October 9th in Williams Lake: C. Turner, Westwold, ten Herefords; R. MacGregor, Pinantan, four Herefords; E. Hysop & Sons, Chase, four Herefords; and\nR. Taylor, Princeton, three Shorthorns. All breeders received splendid averages there. X 110\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nTwo car-loads of pure-bred Herefords were purchased by breeders in the Kamloops\nvicinity at the R. N. Clerke disposal sale at Vernon. A part car-load of young bulls\nfrom this sale went to the Nicola. Ten head of pure-bred Hereford females were\npurchased at the Collicutt sale by the Western Canadian Ranching Company for their\nPerry Ranch at Cache Creek. A further shipment from this sale went to the Woodward Ranch, known as the 23-Mile Ranch, recently purchased by Mr. Woodward, of\nVancouver. R. Taylor, of Princeton, moved a shipment of Shorthorn females from\nhis well-known herd to the new breeders, Hassard Bros., at Enderby.\nThe Twenty-fourth Provincial Bull Sale and Fat Stock Show was an outstanding\nsuccess. The highlights of the sale were a Hereford bull, Exl. Domino 14th, contributed by J. S. Palmer & Sons, Marsden, Saskatchewan, which sold to T. G. McBride,\nStump Lake, for $850; the Grand Champion fat individual of the show, contributed\nby the Western Canadian Ranching Co., which sold to Safeway at $75 per hundredweight; and the boys' and girls' champion, contributed by George Turner, Westwold,\nselling to Safeway at $70 per hundredweight. A table attached shows the progress\nof the sale in the last five years. It may be of interest to note that the first sale, held\nin 1919, had a turnover of $16,430 and twenty-four years later had one of $82,383.11.\nThe grand total of the turnover for the twenty-four sales has been $713,880.55.\nThe Third Provincial Christmas Fat Stock Show and Sale was held on December\n1st and 2nd, 1941. The outstanding feature of this show is the boys' and girls' division,\nwhich is the climax to the club year, where they come together in competition. Thirty-\neight Beef Club members from the Kamloops, Westwold, and Armstrong communities\ncompeted in the show-ring for placings in a showmanship competition and also in a\njudging competition. Sixteen Lamb Club members also met for the same kind of\ncompetitions. George Turner, Westwold, won the boys' and girls' championship and\nhis calf sold to T. Eaton & Co., Calgary, for $50 per hundredweight. Jack McNally\nwon the boys' and girls' lamb championship and sold his lamb for $21 to Charles\nFrolek. The Grand Champion steer of the show, shown by Western Canadian Ranching Co., sold for $24 to Safeway, Ltd. The following table shows comparative averages\nof prices and details of the sale since its inception:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nBull Sale and Fat Stock Show Returns.\nYear.\nBreeding Stock.\nFat Stock.\nTotal.\n1919 \t\n$16,430.00\n22,000.00\n19,722.60\n12,402.50\n9,275.00\n9,837.50\n7,650.00\n16,526.60\n13,155.00\n15,227.50\n22,505.00\n22,220.00\n11,363.00\n7,835.00\n6,066.00\n11,065.00\n10,085.00\n8,235.00\n11,935.00\n10,970.00\n13,345.00\n17,800.00\n19,100.00\n32,235.00\n$16,430.00\n1920 \t\n22,000.00\n1921 \t\n19,722.50\n1922\t\n$840.98\n1,629.00\n796.30\n1,846.00\n9,160.20\n14,395.08\n18,381.36\n17,071.02\n12,250.02\n16,780.84\n9,832.10\n17,014.11\n22,414.07\n23,015.98\n29,157.21\n24,655.58\n29,590.42\n26,925.49\n40,992.18\n50,148.11\n12,402.50\n1923 . .\n10,115.98\n1924 \t\n11,466.50\n1925 \t\n8,446.30\n1926 \t\n18,372.50\n1927 \t\n22,315.20\n1928 \t\n29,622.58\n40,886.36\n1929 \t\n1930 \t\n39,291.02\n23,613.02\n24,615.84\n1931\t\n1932 \t\n1933 - _\t\n15,897.10\n28,079.11\n32,499.07\n31,250.98\n41,092.21\n35,625.58\n42,935.42\n44,725.49\n60,092.18\n82,383.11\n1934 \t\n1935 \t\n1936\t\n1937 .i\n1938 \t\n1939\t\n1940 . ...\n1941 \t\n1942 ...\t\nTotals ,\t\n$346,984.50\n$366,896.05\n$713,880.55 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942.\nX 111\nProvincial Christmas Fat Stock Show and Sale, Kamloops.\nNo.\nor Entries.\nHigh.\nAverage.\n1941.\n1940.\n1939.\n1941.\n1940.\n1939.\n1941.\n1940.\n1939.\nCattle.\nCar-loads of fifteen _ \t\nGroups of five\t\n9\n18\n61\n38\n8\n10\n10\n14\n16\n1\n10\n15\n49\n19\n9\n6\n6\n12\n39\n15\n6\n8\n4\n5\n7\n11\n25\n23\n14\n4\n4\n7\n18\n5\n11\n5\n12\n$11.75\n11.80\n24.00\n50.00\n12.00\n12.10\n13.70\n17.00\n16.50\n$11.00\n11.50\n30.00\n50.00\n10.90\n11.60\n12.10\n12.00\n25.00\n15.00\n11.00\n10.90\n10.25\n10.05\n10.30\n$12.25\n10.75\n75.00\n35.00\n10.20\n10.75\n11.00\n55.00\n9.25T\n9.30\n9.40\n20.00\n$10.42\n9.79\n10.51\n12.50\n10.46\n10.70\n10.55\n11.74\n12.46\n13.50*\n$9.22\n8.36\n9.89\n11.72\n9.80\n9.14\n11.19\n10.57\n10.79\n10.80\n10.92*\n10.55*\n10.19*\n9.73*\n10.05*\n$9.52\n8.15\n12.34\nBoys' and Girls' calves\t\nLambs.\nCar-lots of fifty\t\n11.65\n9.96\n10.46\n10.49\nSingles \t\nBoys' and Girls' lambs \t\nSwine.\nCar-load, seventy-nine head \u00E2\u0080\u0094\t\n15.66\n8.79+\n9.12f\n9.20t\n10.60f\nBoys' and Girls' swine \t\n* Rail-grade basis.\nt Live basis.\nNumber of Entries and Sales.\nNo.\nop Entries.\nSales.\n1941.\n1940.\n1939.\n1941.\n1940.\n1939.\n341\n801\n79\n301\n778\n131\n314\n293\n176\n$33,875.08\n7,740.27\n2,043.89\n$28,411.85\n6,931.00\n1,998.79\n$30,433.23\n2,813.02\n3,235.53\nTotals \t\n$43,659.24\n$37,341.64\n$36,481.78 X 112\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nOS\n\u00C2\u00A7\no\n-a\n&a\nO\n5*\nS\nfc,\nV\n'V\n\u00C2\u00AB>\nar\ns.\na\ncq\n\ne\n6Q\nIO\n00\nIO -^ o\nCO\nee-\no o CO\nCO CO CO\nCO\nCO IO CO\nca\n3\nfi&\no t- t-\no\nto CO to\n<\n-tf\neo-\n<\no o\nCO IO i\nCM CO 1\n69-\nO O IO\n00 IO CO\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A23\nO OS to\nOS\nH H CO\nCO CO CO\nOOO\n00\nOOO\nCO\nIO IO O\nOS\nOOO\nIO O O\nO IO CO\nIO -=* rH\nO CD O\nW\nO IO IO\nIO IO 00\nfi\n\u00C2\u00A9 CO\ne-o-\no o\n,_;\nO O\nOS\ntO rH\nIO IO\nCM\nOOO\nO O IO\n\u00C2\u00AB3-\nCO\n(O OS rH\nos\n-tf CO\n*\"\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\nOS\nCO\nCO CO\ns\na\no\nOS\nco -^c eo\nm co\no\n6\n1-1\n\u00C2\u00A3\nCS\nlO rH !\n1-1\nci\nOS\nto O \u00E2\u0096\u00A0**\nC- CO\n1-1\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0a\ns\nN\ns\na\nb\n<\ni\nf\ntr,\nO i \u00C2\u00AB\n.\nCO\nCO t- to tO\nOS\nrH\ne\u00C2\u00BB\nCO\nco oo os eo\nt> OS CO CO\nt- co to 00\n\u00C2\u00BB\nM Tf M tj<\nCO\nO CO CO IO\na\n6\n1-1\n\u00C2\u00AB\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\na\n>\n<\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00C2\u00AB*\no io o co\nrH\n\u00C2\u00BB\nW -^ \u00E2\u0096\u00A0* (M\nC- O CO t-\nOS\nO O O CO\n*-*\n\u00C2\u00AB\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\nCS CO os -^\nCO\n^ CO CO CO\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0*\nrt\n\u00C2\u00AB*\nO IO O O\nCO\n\u00C2\u00ABo co o o\nCO CO CO rH\n1-1\n69- rH CO\nCO\nCO o o o\n\u00C2\u00BBrl \u00C2\u00BB M\nffi\n5\n00 o o o\ns\nm- co co\noooo\n5\no o o o\nCO CO O rH\nrH\nw-\nOOOO\nCO\no c- o o\n1-1\nw\n00\nCO\nOS\no \u00C2\u00AB-n to eo\nCO o to co\nOS\nCO\nOS\nIO IO OS rH\nto cs to CO\nb\nOS\nO CO OS CO\n1-4\nrH\ncm\nOS io eo CO\n1-1\n00\n\nM\nm\nfl M O\n\u00C2\u00AB\n\u00C2\u00B0 3 C\n2\na *? .\nT S.S a\nU O -rt >.\nc3 E 2 o\nC\nC\n\u00C2\u00A3\nm\n53\n02\no\nno\nO IO\nto\n00\ncs to\nto\nO -st*\nIO\nEO\n\u00C2\u00AB\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\nCO\nO -\u00C2\u00AB*i\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0^\nIO o\nIO\n\"* cs\nOS\nCO IO\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2H\nCO\n&s-\nCM\nOS\nCO\na\nj\n&0\nq\nO IO\nIO\nCO\nOS\n00 OS\nrH\nt- to\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\"*\neo-\n69-\n00\nO rH\nrH\n^J\nO CM\nCM\nO CS\nOS\nrH OS\nrH\nOS o\no\nOs\t\n1 95\n90\nSuperphosphate, 18% Av. P9O5- _\t\n68\nSuperphosphate, 38% Av. PoOr......\t\n1 43\nMuriate of potash, 60% W.S. KqO \t\n2 25\nNote.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Any other analyses of the chemicals listed above will be eligible for the subventions based on their plant-food content to the lowest whole number.\nGeneral Information.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n(1.) All claims for subvention on fall sales must be received by the Provincial Supervisor of Fertilizer Subventions, Department of Agriculture, Court-house, Vancouver, not later than November 15th, 1942.\n(2.) The amount of the subvention is based on 30 cents per unit of nitrogen and 15 cents\nper unit of each of phosphoric acid and potash in the ton of fertilizer.\n(3.) The subvention is applicable up to a total of 5 tons of all fertilizer purchased, or\na total payment of $25 for subventions to any one farmer.\n(4.) On signing a form in triplicate stating that they will use the fertilizers on the crops\nreferred to above, farmers are allowed the amount of the subsidy off the price of\nthe fertilizer when making their purchases. The seller of the fertilizer is then\nrepaid by the Dominion Government.\n(5.) In the case of home-mixed fertilizer the amount of the subvention shall be calculated from the quantity of the chemicals used and not the analysis of the mixture.\n(6.) Not more than one person on any one farm shall be allowed the subvention and no\nfarmer shall purchase fertilizer for or on behalf of any other person.\n(7.) Two or more farms operated by the same farmer with the same machinery or personnel, wholly or in part, shall be regarded as one farm.\n(8.) Fertilizers purchased for farms operated by or for a Government, municipality,\nindustry, or corporation, except ecclesiastical or charitable corporations, shall be\nineligible.\n(9.) Farmers are advised to consult the list of recommendations of the British Columbia\nFertilizer Board as contained in pamphlet issued by the Department of Agriculture,\nVictoria, before making their purchases.\nVancouver, B.C., October 27th, 1942.\nPROVINCIAL SUPERVISOR. X 132\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nAPPENDIX No. 3.\nSummary of Movement of Grain Screenings, January 1st to October 31st, inclusive.\nConsumed in British Columbia.\nExport\ndirect from\nElevator.\nTotal per\nMonth.\nMonth.\nNo. 1 Feed.\nNo. 2 Feed.\nUncleaned.\nRefuse.\nAll Grades.\nAll Grades.\nTons.\nLb.\nTons.\nLb.\nTons.\nLb.\nTons.\nLb.\nTons.\nLb.\nTons.\nLb.\nJanuary\t\nFebruary.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\t\n30\n29\n600\n270\n30\n57\n89\n34\n4\n62\n1,100\n1,580\n1,580\n3\n2\n1\n1\n670\n400\n1,000\n1,000\n27\n1,600\n33\n59\n89\n1,770\n92\n34\n62\n100\n3\n20\n123\n1,100\nMay.\nJnly. \t\n40\nfin\ni 1 1 finn\nSeptember.. _ \t\nOctober.\t\n17\n1\n121\n1,000\n1,000\n270 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942.\nX 133\nOS\no\n5\nH\nEd\nX\nM\nM\nP,\n01\n2;\n65\nw\nBS\nPh\n<\nw\nm\nw\n2\nH\nH\no\nt-\no\no \u00E2\u0096\u00A0*\no\nCO eo\neo\no\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0<*\n! co\nCO 00 ! CO\nCS \no C-\no\nO\no\nt-\nm\n. O CM\nCN\nO\no\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0*#\nX o \u00C2\u00B0\n0\nOJ\nIO\no\nco\nJ cm\" co\"\nco\"\ncm\"\ncm\"\nc3\nCM\nt-\nu\n00\n00\nO\ncb\nt> O \u00E2\u0096\u00A0<# ! 1\n: : cc\nOOO\no\nt-\n. W O rH\no o t-\no\nIO\n^ M t\" CO\nk) w oo\" c-*\n0\nT\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n00 o o\nr-T rH t-T\nCO\nco\"\ncm\"\n0) w\nCN\nTh\nOS\nJ\no co cd co i : o c\n: i co\n00\nIO\n\u00C2\u00A3\nM\n00 \"* tO rH 1\nCO IO\n: co\nCO\n\u00C2\u00ABtf\nrH -* CO CO |\nCO r-\noo\"\ni CM\n! OO\"\nin\nOS\n\"os*\ni i\nH\nOl O H SO O ! O\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00C2\u00AB*\nm ! co\nCO\nj rn o co o o : lo\no ! t-\nCO\nCI]\n3 IO H ffl CO H !\nCM ! CO\n0)\nW co\" o\" rH*\no\" : \">#\nrH'\n(M\nCO CO\nj\nOS\n1-1 ! \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\nrt\nOOOOlDt-MOMTf r-\nCO o t-\n00\nfc-\nrA\n,Nt-NWO)OlO'* CO\nCD CO CO\nCO\na>\nplO00MI>lOW\u00C2\u00AB!CO C\nO co CM\n00\n\"3\nP3 o\" O* rH t-\" r-T CM* \u00C2\u00A9\" C\nCO\" CO\" rH\no*\nCD*\n03\nrH t-t CN CM r-\nrH t-\nCO\nP3\nrH\nCM\nMOlHlOCOOiflCl CN\nIO CD O\nIO\n-*\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0VCOOXp^lONH 0C\nOS O D-\nCO\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0^\nto\n.THOirHOCJCNi-tTf \u00C2\u00ABC\ny-t \"* IO\nCt]\n0\n5 M O ^ O H H t- rfl\" CO\nB Ifl ^ t- \u00C2\u00AB H IC5 0C\nt-\" l> co\"\no\"\nCO*\nrH rH IO\nCO\n-tf rH\nrH\nCD\nCO\n1-1\n+j CC]\nII\n0000000\"* IOCTJ \"**\no c- io\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0*\nLO\n, ^ MO OCA !.-<\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00C2\u00AB# o\nO CM OJ\nCO\nCM\ng N IO O O CO ! IO CO\nm r-T CM\" CO* rH US CO* t-\nce cq_ \u00E2\u0096\u00A0*\ncm\" io\" co\"\nCM\"\nas\"\n6=5\nrH rH CO\nTf H C-\nCM\nWtDt-NIMONN OC\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0^ o ^\nrt\nCD\nbM\nCOrfiOO^COlOlO 0C\nCD IO O\neo\nLO\n(3 OS\n. N O M ^ \u00E2\u0096\u00A0* M CJ ffl CC\nCD CM t-\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2*\n^\ncap\n3 f* M W t-* t\u00C2\u00BB \u00E2\u0080\u00A2*# CM OC\n\n9\nr-\n1 *\ncn\nd s c\n2\n: \u00C2\u00BBh\ni <\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094 *\n-? & fc\noj f ri\nCI\nS\n1\n|\n>\n03\nC\nu\no\nfca\nfa\nCU\nV\n7\nM \u00C2\u00A7 g S S 8 'S E\no t> o\nll g\na\nCJ\ncO\n1\nA\n>\n3\n1\nc\nc\nPC\nP-\nCO\n>\nCU\nPh X 134\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nAPPENDIX No. 5.\nEstimate of Honey-crop, 1942.\nDistrict.\nApiaries.\nHives,\nHoney-crop.\nAverage\nper Colony.\n640\n480\n780\n380\n680\n250\n150\n2,600\n2,500\n7,000\n2,900\n5,200\n1,730\n850\nLb.\n52,000\n62,500\n280,000\n43,500\n676,000\n164.350\n55,250\nLb.\n20.00\n25.00\nLower Fraser \u00E2\u0080\u0094\t\n40.00\n15.00\n130.00\nKootenays \t\n95.00\n65.00\nTotals\t\n3,360\n22,780\n1,333,600\n58.54\nAPPENDIX No. 6.\nSummary of Premises visited and Cattle T.B.-tested, 1942.\nDistrict.\nNo. of Premises.\nCattle tested.\nNo. of Reactors.\n419\n25\n139\n11\n80\n5,645\n182\n803\n50\n467\n17\n1\n9\nTotals \t\n694\n7,147\n27\nTotal number of premises visited..\nTotal number of cattle tested\t\nTotal number of reactors \u00E2\u0080\u0094\t\nPercentage of reactors\t\n694\n7,147\n27\n0.37\nAPPENDIX No. 7.\nSummary of Dairy Premises inspected and graded under \" Mdlk Act,\" 1942.\nDistrict.\nNo. of\nPremises.\nNo. of\nCattle.\nGkade of Premises.\nUngraded.\na.\nB.\nC.\n258\n25\n157\n11\n2,541\n342\n4,984\n182\n940\n50\n40,947\n6,378\n18\n4\n16\n176\n200\n210\n3\n15\n4\n2,239\n87\n26\n5\n7\n122\n55\n4\n18\n121\n4\nCoast points and Vancouver Island..... \t\n3,334\n53,481\n414\n2,558\n215\n147 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942.\nX 135\nAPPENDIX No. 8.\nFence-viewers appointed under \" Line Fences Act,\" Chap. 95, R.S.B.C. 1936.\nAlbemi-Nanaimo Electoral District.\nName.\nAddress.\nOrder in\nCouncil No.\nDate.\nRobert Laird ,\t\n53 Fifth Street, Nanaimo _\n640 Haliburton Street, Nanaimo\t\n564 Rosehill Avenue, Nanaimo\t\n1530\n1530\n1530\n717\n717\n717\nNov.\nNov.\nNov.\nJune\nJune\nJune\n22, 1940\n22. 1940\nJ. Charles Ward \t\nWalter Ford .-...\t\nE. C. Catling _\t\n11, 1934\n11, 1934\nChilliwack Electoral District.\nGeorge Israel Thornton. \t\nSardis \t\nLindell .__ \t\n1\n221 | Feb. 26, 1926\n221 | Feb. 26, 1926\nLindell\n326 | March 22, 1930\n1\nColumbia Electoral District.\nAlexander Ritchie \t\nInvermere - -\t\nInvermere \t\nWilmer \t\n301\n301\n301\n301\n301\n1530\n1530\n1530\n1530\nMarch 16, 1926\nMarch 16, 1926\nEdgar E. Tunnaclifle _\t\nMarch 16, 1926\nMarch 16, 1926\nMarch 16, 1926\nGalena P.O. \t\nNov. 22, 1940\nA. H. Soles\nNov. 22, 1940\nNov. 22, 1940\nGolden\t\nNov. 22, 1940\nCariboo Electoral District.\nRobert Barlow\t\nJames M. Macalister...\nLouis Crosina\t\nThomas Douglas\t\nKersley\t\nMacalister\t\nWilliams Lake\nQuesnel\t\n855\n855\n855\n1078\nJune 24, 1942\nJune 24, 1942\nJune 24, 1942\nAug. 7,, 1942\nComox Electoral District.\nRobert Merle Halliday\t\nJames A. Carthew\u00E2\u0080\u0094\t\nChales H. Potter\t\nThomas Archibald Millicheap .\nHoward Cox \u00E2\u0080\u0094\nGeorge Cyrus Bigelow\t\nSandwick \t\nComox \t\nLasqueti Island .\nLasqueti Island .\nSandwick\t\nCourtenay\t\n230\n326\n1335\n1335\n1572\n| March 2, 1926\n| March 10; 1914\nj Nov. 15, 1923\n| Nov. 15, 1923\n| Dec. 31, 1930\n| May 18, 1937\nCowichan-Newcastle Electoral District.\nWilliam George Manley\t\nHenry Hamilton Hollings.\nAndrew Parker\t\nLewis M. Thatcher\t\nArthur James Godfrey..\nHenry Bendle\t\nR.R. 1, Cobble Hill.\nR.R. 1, Cobble Hill.\nSouth Wellington....\nSouth Wellington ...\nSouth Wellington ...\nSouth Wellington ...\n54\n| Feb.\n13,\n1901\n45\n[ Jan.\n14,\n1924\n337\n| April\n11,\n1928\n337\n| April\n11,\n1928\n337\n| April\n11,\n1928\n337\n| April\n11,\n1928 X 136\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nAPPENDIX No. 8\u00E2\u0080\u0094Continued.\nFence-viewers appointed under \" Line Fences Act,\" Chap. 95, R.S.B.C. 1936\u00E2\u0080\u0094Continued.\nCreston Electoral District.\nName.\nAddress.\nOrder in\nCouncil No.\nBate.\nH. Hugh Taylor _ \t\n970\n970\n885\n885\n836\nSept. 8, 1925\nVictor Carr _ _ \t\nJames Compton\t\nCreston \t\nCreston \t\nSept. 8, 1925\nAug. 2, 1932\nAug. 2, 1932\nJune 20, 1935\nDelta Electoral District.\n1\n | Dec. 24, 1884\nChas. T. Mufford\t\n1\n1\nDewdney Electoral District.\n285\n286\n385\n385\n385\n2469\nMay\nMay\nJuly\nJuly\nJuly\nOct.\n18, 1905\n18, 1905\n12, 1906\n12, 1906\nJ. F. Harris _\t\n12, 1906\nJ. W. Handy \t\n23, 1918\nEsquimalt Electoral District.\nA. T. Peatt\t\nJoseph J. Rhode.\nAlbert E. Wale...\nGeorge Ball\u00E2\u0080\u0094.\t\nThos. F. Helgesen.\nR. B. Moulton\t\nT. Wilkinson\t\nG. P. L. Taggart._.\nW. Bell \t\nColwood \t\nHappy Valley .\nLangford\t\nRocky Point.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nMetchosin\t\nCobble Hill.\t\nCobble Hill......\nCobble Hill\t\nCobble Hill _._.\nJan.\n18,\n1882\n491\nMay\n5,\n1915\n1538\nMarch\n16,\n1918\n1538\nMarch\n16,\n1918\n1538\nMarch\n16,\n1918\n739\nMay\n1G,\n1929\n739\nMay\n16,\n1929\n739\nMay\n16,\n1929\n739\nMay\n16,\n1929\nGrand Forks-Greenwood Electoral District.\nJoseph Richter\t\nCecil Seymour Floyd-\nChester Charlton\t\nWilliam Lawless\t\nGeorge Henry Pitman..\nOscar Pennoyer \t\nKenneth Calvin Murray...\nLuman Frank Billups\t\nGeorge Higginbottom\t\nMidway.\t\nEholt _\t\nR.R. 2, Bridesville.\nBridesville \t\nRock Creek\t\nGrand Forks\t\nGrand Forks \t\nBridesville\t\nBridesville\t\n1200\nAug.\n22,\n1913\n1537\nOct.\n23,\n1929\n92\nJan.\n29,\n1927\n92\nJan.\n29,\n1927\n92\nJan.\n29.\n1927\n1529\nNov.\n22,\n1940\n1529\nNov.\n22,\n1940\n1529\nNov.\n22,\n1940\n1529\nNov.\n22,\n1940 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942.\nX 137\nAPPENDIX No. 8\u00E2\u0080\u0094Continued.\nFence-viewers appointed under \" Line Fences Act,\" Chap. 95, R.S.B.C. 1936\u00E2\u0080\u0094Continued.\nIslands Electoral District.\nName.\nAddress.\nOrder in\nCouncil No.\nDate.\nWilliam Deacon\t\nGeorge E. Ackerman\nJames Bradley\t\nGerald B. Young\t\nS. Percy Beech\t\nRodd McLeod\t\nGeorge Copeland\t\nGeorge Clark \t\nAlan Calvert\t\nNathan E. Watts\t\nMayne Island\t\nFulford Harbour...\nPort Washington ..\nGanges \t\nGanges -\t\nSaturna Island\t\nSaturna Island\t\nSidney _\t\nSidney \t\nSidney \t\n242\n242\n242\n242\n242\n242\n242\n242\n242\n1098\nMarch\nMarch\nMarch\nMarch\nMarch\nMarch\nMarch\nMarch\nMarch\nSept.\n1931\n1931\n1931\n1931\n1931\n1931\n1931\n1931\n1931\n1936\nKamloops Electoral District.\nWentworth F. Wood-\nOwen S. Bachelor\t\nRobt. B. Homersham..\nDavid H. Campbell.....\nAndre Goudreau\t\nJohn T. Tucker\t\nAngus McKay\t\nKamloops\t\nKamloopa\t\nHeffley Creek\nKamloops\t\nLouis Creek.....\nLouis Creek ....\nRose Hill\t\n674\nDec.\n24,\n1904\n674\nDec.\n24,\n1904\n469\nApril\n7,\n1919\n469\nApril\n7,\n1919\n469\nApril\n7,\n1919\n469\nApril\n7,\n1919\n469\nApril\n7,\n1919\nKaslo-Slocan Electoral District.\n44\n44\n44\n836\n836\nJan.\nJan.\nJan.\nJune\nJune\n14, 1924\n14, 1924\n14, 1924\n14, 1938\n14, 1938\nLillooet Electoral District.\nWalter C. Green -\n724\n1765\n1765\n860\n1529\n1529\n1529\nJune\nOct.\nOct.\nAug.\nNov.\nNov.\nNov.\n30, 1925\n7, 1920\nAgerton \t\nPemberton \t\nClinton \t\n7 1920\n7, 1926\n22, 1940\n22, 1940\n22, 1940\nNorth Okanagan Electoral District.\nW. J. Webster ....\nHoward Derby....\nR. W. Neil \t\nT. Mellish\t\nFrank Hassard ..\nJohn Robertson.\nWm. A. Mack ...\nWilliam Allingham\t\nBertram Pothecary\t\nAlphonse Deschamps .\nRobert Davison\t\nAlbert Hayhurst\t\nGeo. Moultrie Salt\t\nOoldstream..\nLumby..\t\nVernon..\t\nArmstrong...\nEnderby\t\nMara ._\t\nEnderby\t\nOyama\t\nOyama ...\t\nOyama\t\nDeep Creek .\nDeep Creek-\nGrindrod\t\n185\nApril\n12,\n1900\n185\nApril\n12,\n1900\n1100\nSept.\n16,\n1914\n1100\nSept.\n16,\n1914\n1100\nSept.\n16,\n1914\n797\nJune\n80,\n1930\n797\nJune\n30,\n1930\n995\nAug.\n2,\n1934\n995\nAug.\n2,\n1934\n995\nAug.\n2,\n1934\n995\nAug.\n2,\n1934\n995\nAug.\n2,\n1934\n995\nAug.\n2,\n1934 X 138\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nAPPENDIX No. 8\u00E2\u0080\u0094Continued.\nFence-viewers appointed under \" Line Fences Act,\" Chap. 95, R.S.B.C. 1936\u00E2\u0080\u0094Continued.\nNorth Vancouver Electoral District.\nName.\nAddress.\nOrder in\nCouncil No.\nDate.\n485\n485\n485\nDec.\nDec.\nDec.\n28, 1891\nThos. Grafton\t\n28, 1891\n28, 1891\nOmineca Electoral District.\nHubert . \t\n737\n813\n813\n813\n1358\n1358\n1355\n1355\n1529\n1529\n1529\n1529\nJune\nAug.\nAug.\nAug.\nSept.\nSept.\nOct.\nOct.\nNov.\nNov.\nNov.\nNov.\n16, 1922\nVanderhoof __\t\nVanderhoof\n11, 1927\n11, 1927\n11, 1927\nFrancois Lake\nFrancois Lake.\t\n17, 1929\nJacob W. Henkel \t\n17, 1929\n30, 1934\nTelkwa .. \t\n30, 1934\nTelkwa \t\n22, 1940\nJ. Hickey, Sr\t\n22, 1940\n22, 1940\nJ. Keefe\t\nFrancois Lake \u00E2\u0080\u0094\t\n22, 1940\nRevelstoke Electoral District.\nHugh Smythe\t\nRobert Tapping\t\nSamuel David Crowle..\nHenry Colbeck\t\nRevelstoke...\nRevelstoke..\nRevelstoke _\nRevelstoke.\nSept. 13, 1906\nOct. 23, 1929\nOct. 23, 1929\nRossland-Trail Electoral District.\nCharles John Dobie _\nAlfred G. Dilling\t\nAdam Cruickshank...\nFruitvale\nFruitvale\nFruitvale\n1718\nDec.\n19,\n1941\n1718\nDec.\n19,\n1941\n761\nJune\n3,\n1942 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942.\nX 139\nAPPENDIX No. ^\u00E2\u0080\u0094Continued.\nFence-viewers appointed under \" Line Fences Act,\" Chap. 95, R.S.B.C. 1936\u00E2\u0080\u0094Continued.\nSalmon Arm Electoral District.\nName.\nOrder in\nCouncil No.\nDate.\nPatrick Owens .._ \u00E2\u0080\u0094\nThos. J. Clemitson\t\nJoseph Brown\t\nAlex. Flather _\t\nGeorge Chas. Chase.\t\nWilliam Charlton\t\nHenry D. Layland\t\nJames R. Rammage \t\nJoseph Henry Harbell\t\nGeorge Henry Hoffman\t\nSamuel Henry Calhoun\t\nA. E. Boyd \t\nPhil de Leenheer\t\nWilliam Spencer Peacock\t\nJesse Victor Pullin\t\nGeorge Henry Sweeten \t\nErnest Frederick Wm. Hysop\nCharles Riley \t\nHenry Herman Wulfers.\t\nRobbins McGregor \t\nJohn Richard Carlson\t\nLeslie Robert Pearse\t\nRupert Morley Duck\t\nBernard Harold Johnston\t\nTheodore Albert Moilliet.\t\nSalmon Arm .\nWestwold\t\nCelista\t\nCelista\t\nChase\t\nDuck Range..\nMonte Creek..\nPritchard\t\nSalmon Arm..\nShuswap\t\nTappen\t\nPritchard\t\nPritchard \t\nNotch Hill\t\nNotch Hill\u00E2\u0080\u0094..\nTappen\t\nTappen\t\nCelista\t\nMagna Bay \u00E2\u0080\u0094\nPinantan\t\nPritchard\t\nMonte Creek..\nHolmwood\t\nVavenby\t\nVavenby\t\n674\n469\n469\n469\n469\n469\n469\n469\n469\n469\n469\n2054\n2054\n796\n796\n796\n796\n796\n796\n796\n796\n796\n796\n796\n796\nDec.\nApril\nApril\nApril\nApril\nApril\nApril\nApril\nApril\nApril\nApril\nDec.\nDec.\nJune\nJune\nJune\nJune\nJune\nJune\nJune\nJune\nJune\nJune\nJune\nJune\n1904\n1919\n1919\n1919\n1919\n1919\n1919\n1919\n1919\n1919\n1919\n1920\n1920\n1930\n1930\n1930\n1930\n1930\n1930\n1930\n1930\n1930\n1930\n1930\n1930\nSkeena Electoral District.\nCharles F. A. Green\t\nRodolph Heppell _\nJames Nelson\t\nCharles Herbert Thomas\nWilliam Shaw Henry\t\nEric Edlund . \t\nRay Trenholm Oulton\t\nTerrace-\nTerrace\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nTerrace.\u00E2\u0080\u0094.\nTerrace\nSmithers-\nGlen tan na\nSmithers...\n869\nJuly\n9,\n1930\n869\nJuly\n9,\n1930\n869\n| July\n9,\n1930\n869\n| July\n9,\n1930\n1190\n| Sept.\n25,\n1934\n40\nj Jan.\n10,\n1935\n836\nj June\n14,\n1938\nSimilkameen Electoral District.\nYale Electoral District.\nThos. H. Murphy \t\n246\n3\n3\n3\nApril\n27, 1905\nF. Richter (Jr.) \t\nKeremeos \t\n5-Mile Creek, Princeton\t\nJan.\nJan.\nJan.\n6, 1926\n6, 1926\n6, 1926\nsay\nSouth Okanagan Electoral District.\nJohn E. Reekie -\t\n561\n1200\n1530\nMay\nNov.\nNov.\n14, 1924\n10 1936\nE. B. Powell - \t\n22, 1940\nLawrence Guichon..\nHarry Collett \t\nRobert Dodding\t\nJames Batten \t\nQuilchena ,\nMerritt\t\nLower Nicola..\nNicola\t\n1529\nNov.\n22,\n1940\n1529\nNov.\n22,\n1940\n1529\nNov.\n22,\n1940\n1529\nNov.\n22,\n1940 X 140 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nAPPENDIX\nNo.\n9.\nPound Districts.\nUnder the provisions of the \" Pound District\nAct\" the following Pound Districts have\nbeen constituted in British Columbia:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nAshcroft.\nKeremeos.\nAinsworth.\nKimberley.\nAlice Siding.\nKaleden.\nAllison Subdivision of Princeton\nKootenay Reclamation Flats.\nTownsite.\nKathlyn Lake, Evelyn, and Doughty.\nBX.\nLadysmith.\nBaldonnel.\nLongbeach.\nBoswell.\nLumby.\nBalfour School.\nLytton Townsite.\nBrilliant.\nBull River.\nMountain (Nelson).\nBenvoulin and Mission Creek.\nMill Bay\u00E2\u0080\u0094Cobble Hill.\nBurton.\nMirror Lake.\nBriar Ridge.\nMontney.\nMurdale.\nCarrols Landing.\nChase.\nNelson & Fort Sheppard Company's\nCastlegar.\nLand Grant.\nCowichan (Bay).\nNorth Saanich.\nColwood\u00E2\u0080\u0094Happy Valley.\nNaramata.\nCorra Linn, Bonnington, and\nNorth Bend.\nSouth Slocan.\nNeedles.\nCranberry Lake.\nNakusp.\nCecil Lake.\nNorth Kamloops.\nCawston.\nNorth Shore.\nCreston Flats.\nNorth Enderby and Grindrod.\nNicks Island.\nDewdney.\nDawson Creek.\nOyama.\nOkanagan Centre.\nElko.\nOliver.\nEast Kelowna.\nOkanagan Mission.\nEllison.\nOsoyoos.\nErickson.\nProcter.\nEnterprise Valley (Pender Harbour).\nPerry Siding and Appledale.\nPrinceton.\nFire Valley and Edgewood.\nFort St. John.\nPouce Coupe.\nPowell River.\nPassmore.\nGolden.\nPatricia Bay.\nGray Creek.\nGiscome.\nQueens Bay.\nGrand Forks.\nRenata.\nHedley.\nRemo.\nHarrop.\nRose Prairie.\nHarrison Hot Springs.\nRobson.\nHalfmoon Bay.\nRossland (South).\nRutland.\nKelowna Rural.\nRolla.\nKaslo (Suburbs).\nRosemont Addition to City of Nelson. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1942. X 141\nAPPENDIX No. 9\u00E2\u0080\u0094C\nPound Districts\u00E2\u0080\u0094Co'\nSaskatoon Creek.\nStoddart Creek.\nSalmo.\nSechelt.\nSwan Lake (West).\nSquamish.\nSouth-west Vernon.\nTates Creek.\nThetis Lake.\nThetis Island.\nmtinued.\nitinued.\nVallican.\nVernon (Airport).\nWardner.\nWillow Point.\nWestview (Powell River).\nWildwood.\nWynndel School.\nYoubou.\n10.\nS, 1942.\nAPPENDIX No.\nBoys' and Girls' Clue\nBeef Calf Clubs\nName of Club.\nOrganizer.\nSecretary.\nMembership.\nArmstrong Beef \"A\" \t\nH. McCallan, Armstrong\t\nH. McCallan, Armstrong ..\u00E2\u0080\u0094\t\nWarner Phillip, Brigade Lake\nT. J. Wilson, Vinsulla\t\n7\nLenora Wood, Armstrong __\t\nLillian Hutchinson, Knutsford\n14\nFrancois Lake \t\nCobble Hill\t\nCato Loveng, Grassy Plains \t\nAnnie Brodersen, R.R. 1, Cobble\nHill\nNora T. Spankie, Southbank\t\n9\nMotherwell & Moulten, R.R. 1,\nCobble Hill\nR. W. Wiley, Southbank ' .\nH. C. Hannam, Progress\t\nCharles Turner, Westwold \t\nAllaster Munro, Newgate \t\nJoe Fenton, \"Westwold\t\nPhyllis Charlesworth, Newgate \t\nNewgate, Roosville and District\nTotal (10 Clubs)\t\n8\n94\nSwine Clubs.\n]0\nClifford Freeman, R.R. 1, Milner ...\nBulkley Valley \t\nHelen Oulton, Smithers\t\n8\nG. H. Bryant, R.R. 1, Chilliwack .\nFred Murray, Armstrong \t\nFred Murray, Armstrong\t\n8\n9\n8\nTotal (6 Clubs)\t\n49\nSheep Club.\nWestwold \u00E2\u0080\u0094 -\t\nCharles Turner, Westwold Sheila Talbot, Westwold\t\n8\nGrain Clubs.\nLadner \t\nRichmond \t\nTotal (2 Clubs)\nWm. Montgomery, R.R. 1, New\nWestminster\nEd. Gilmore, c/o Buckerfield's,\nLtd., New Westminster\nJack Guichon, Ladner\t\n7\n13\n20 X 142\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nAPPENDIX No. 10\u00E2\u0080\u0094Continued.\nBoys' and Girls' Clubs, 1942.\nPoultry Clubs.\nName of Club.\nOrganizer,\nSecretary.\nMembership.\n8\nW. R. Peppar, Vernon.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 \t\n8\n9\n7\n8\nT\n10\nW. R. Peppar, Vernon \t\n10\n10\n15\n10\n10\n\"A\"\n10\n\"B\"\n5\n\"C\"\nC. E. Clay, Armstrong \t\nC. E. Clay, Armstrong\t\n10\n\"A\"\n10\n\"B\"\n10\n\"C\"\n7\n\" D \"\nW. L. Dence, R.R. 1, Milner\t\nW. L. Dence, R.R. 1, Milner...\t\nW. L. Dence, R.R. 1, Milner\t\nW. L. Dence, R.R. 1, Milner\t\nW. L. Dence, R.R. 1, Milner\t\nW. L. Dence, R.R. 1, Milner. \t\nW. L. Dence, R.R. 1, Milner.....\t\nJames Ramsay, Sidney.. \t\nG. A. Jones, Box 280, Mission City.-\nG. A. Jones, Box 280, Mission City\nG. A. Jones, Box 280, Mission City_\nG. A. Jones, Box 280, Mission City\nG. A. Jones, Box 280, Mission City\nG. A. Jones, Box 280, Mission City\nJ. S. Reid, Matsqui \t\nW. L. Dence, R.R. 1, Milner\t\n8\n12\n9\nIsland Red\n11\nRhode Island Red\n8\n7\n12\nRed\n7\n8\n8\n8\nRock\nMission and Cedar Valley Rhode\nRhode Island Red\nAlfred Crape, R.R. 1, Mission\t\n7\n7\nand Barred Rock\nCedar Valley and Hatzic Rhode\n8\nIsland Red\nTena Isaak, Abbotsford \t\nAudrey Dignan, 5th St., Sidney\n8\n7\n8\nSooke Rhode Island Red .,..'.\nMrs. E. I. Noury, Sooke.....\t\nRev. C. McDiarmid, Ladysmith\nRev. C. McDiarmid, Ladysmith\u00E2\u0080\u0094\t\nDennis Smith, Grand Forks _\n8\nNorth Oyster Rhode Island Red..\nDiamond Rhode Island Red.\t\nGrand Forks White Leghorn, 1___\nOliver Wright, R.R. 1, Ladysmith...\nWilda Hoggan, Cassidy \t\n8\n8\n7\nPeter Kastrokoff, Grand Forks\nGrand Forks Rhode Isl. Red, 1 .\n10\nGrand Forks Rhode Isl. Red, 2\t\nDennis Smith, Grand Forks \u00E2\u0080\u0094 __\nAlfred Beauregard, Salmon Valley-\nCharles Semerad, Hixon\t\nMary Zak, Grand Forks .\n12\nAntoinette Beauregard, Salmon\nValley\nThora Colebank, Woodpecker\t\nEsther Gausaukus, Vanderhoof\nHixon and Woodpecker New\nHampshire\n8\n11\nHampshire DEPARTMENT OP AGRICULTURE, 1942.\nX 143\nAPPENDIX No. 10\u00E2\u0080\u0094Continued.\nBoys' and Girls' Clubs, 1942\u00E2\u0080\u0094Continued.\nPoultry Clubs\u00E2\u0080\u0094Continued.\nName of Club.\nOrganizer.\nSecretary.\nMembership.\nMrs. W. Mcintosh, Vanderhoof\nMrs. W. Mcintosh, Vanderhoof\nS. Zingle, Prince George..\t\nTom O'Meara, Vanderhoof\t\nShirley Andros, Vanderhoof\t\nMerle Zingle, Prince George\t\n10\nVanderhoof, 2.... _\t\nPineview Barred Rocks\t\n10\n7\n8\nBert Pitman, Rock Creek..\t\nThomas Cross, R.R. 2, Victoria\n7\nMrs. M. A. Clark, R.R. 2, Victoria...\n7\n7\nDorothy Rutherford, Salmon Arm...\nGeoffrey Homes, R.R. 3, Salmon\nArm\nGeorge D. Hudson, R.R. 3, Salmon\nArm\nDavid Mitchell, R.R. 1, Oliver\t\n7\nLarch Hill New Hampshire.\t\nH. Killingley, R.R. 3, Salmon Arm_.\nH. Killingley, R.R. 3, Salmon Arm..\nJames Campbell, Oliver __\t\n8\n8\n12\nMargrette Lund, Canoe\t\nEdith French Cobble Hill\n10\nCobble Hill.\nWalter H. Norie, Cowichan Station\nG. A. McMurray, R.R. 1, Enderby...\n7\nEnderby \t\nRichard Johnston, R.R. 1, Enderby\n7\nTotal (59 Clubs)\n513\nPotato Clubs.\nBulkley Valley\t\nA. J. Clotworthy, Telkwa\t\nMrs. C. J. Killer, Telkwa....\t\n10\nQuick\t\nWendy Wearne, Quick\t\n9\n8\"\nFrank Marshall, Armstrong.\t\nFrank Marshall, Armstrong\u00E2\u0080\u0094 ...\nFrank Marshall, Armstrong. \u00E2\u0080\u009E..\nFrank Marshall, Armstrong.\t\nFrank Marshall, Armstrong\t\n7\nT\n8\n8\n10\n10\nBig Eddy Mount MacPherson\nA. S. Parker, Revelstoke..\t\nA. J. Christmas, Cloverdale -\nA. J. Christmas, Cloverdale.\t\nS. J. Gray, R.R. 1, Milner\t\nArnold Chadwick, Lower Town,\nRevelstoke\nWilliam Markin, R.R. 1, Cloverdale\nEva Bradley, R.R. 3, Cloverdale\n11\n13\n9\n11\n10\n11\nG. A. Jones, Mission City.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\t\nMrs. May Wetherill, Groundbirch...\nJoe Maxwell, R.R. 1, Steveston\nJim Ordog, R.R. 1, Mission City\nPhyllis Wetherill, Groundbirch\nJoyce Maddocks, R.R. 2, Eburne\n12\nGroundbirch\t\n11\n12\nTotal (18 Clubs).\t\n177\nAlfalfa Clubs.\nBeaver ley-Pineview \t\nW. Kienzle and S. Zingle, Prince\nGeorge\nPaul Teichman, Beaverley \t\n10\nVanderhoof _\t\nN. E. Williams, Vanderhoof\t\nCharles Smedley, Vanderhoof\t\n10\nPrince George\t\n10\nGeorge\nOmineca \t\nA. J. Clotworthy, Telkwa....\t\nLeonard George, Telkwa\u00E2\u0080\u0094 \u00E2\u0080\u0094\n11\nR. W. Wiley, Southbank\t\nGlen W. Wiley, Southbank \t\n12\nTotal (5 Clubs)\n53 X 144\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nAPPENDIX No. 10\u00E2\u0080\u0094Continued.\nBoys' and Girls' Clubs, 1942\u00E2\u0080\u0094Continued.\nDairy Calf Clubs.\nName of Club.\nOrganizer.\nSecretary.\nMembership.\nHugh McLeod, Salmon Arm\u00E2\u0080\u0094\t\nJohn Syme, R.R. 1, Salmon Arm _._\nJohn Syme, R.R. 1, Salmon Arm _\u00E2\u0080\u009E.\n7\nstein\n7\n\"A\"\n8\n\"B\"\nIna Sahlstrand, Hixon .\t\n9\nBen Thornton, Armstrong\t\n8\n14\nTom Marshall, Armstrong.\t\nNoland Boss, Armstrong \t\nNoland Boss, Armstrong ....\nNoland Boss, Armstrong\t\nNoland Boss, Armstrong \t\n9\nArmstrong Grade Jersey \" A \"~\nArmstrong Grade Jersey \" B \"...\n7\n10\n7\n8\nJack Pain, Beaverley \t\nBob Carmichael, Harris Road,\nMatsqui\nDouglas Smith, Mount Lehman\nA. Kotiwich, Matsqui __'.\u00E2\u0080\u009E_.\n11\nR. B. Whitson, 3923 Towline Road,\nMatsqui\nR. B. Whitson, 3923 Towline Road,\nMatsqui\nR. B. Whitson, 3923 Towline Road,\nMatsqui\n11\n12\n9\n15\nJohn Farquhar, R.R. 1, Langley\nPrairie\nC. E. Hagelstein, R.R. 1, Langley\nPrairie\nJohn Peers, R.R. 3, Sardis\t\nArchie Stevenson, R.R. 2, Chilliwack\nT. E. Law, R.R. 2, Chilliwack\nD. S. Heelas, Abbotsford \u00E2\u0080\u009E\t\nPat Reid, R.R. 2, Abbotsford\t\nPat Reid, R.R. 2, Abbotsford\n7\nLangley Jersey \u00E2\u0080\u0094\t\nChilliwack Pure-bred Guernsey\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nChilliwack-Fairfield Pure-bred\nAyrshire\nPatricia Thompson, R.R. 1,\nCoghlan\nVera Vanderveen, R.R. 2, Sardis ...\nJames Stevenson, R.R. 2, Chilliwack\n13\n14\n12\n19\n12\n9\nSumas Prairie Grade Jersey\nDaphne Layton, R.R. 2, Abbotsford\nPhyllis Gibbard, Matsqui\t\nJoyce Maddocks, Eburne \t\nWilliam Hay, 7721 Windsor, Vancouver\nHelen Oulton, Smithers\t\n11\n8\nJersey\nG. G. Grimes, 142 Blundell, Steveston\nAngus L. Hay, 7721 Windsor, Vancouver\nG. H. Bryant, R.R. 1, Chilliwack ..\nJoe E. Wingrove, Cloverdale\t\nT. Brandon, Telkwa \t\nT. F. Isbister, Denman Island\t\n16\nRichmond Guernsey \t\nBulkley Valley ... __\t\n9\n8\nRosedale Ayrshire _ \t\n9\nRalph Main, Cloverdale __\t\nWendy Wearne, Quick \t\nElnetta Millard, Denman Island\t\nLois Berry, Agassiz \t\nRonnie Chartrand, Agassiz _\t\nMolly Appel, R.R. 1, Agassiz -\t\nEwen McKimmon, Deroche _\t\nTom Farquhar, R.R. 1, Langley\nPrairie\nTom Farquhar, R.R. 1, Langley\nPrairie\n13\n11\nAgassiz-Harrison Pure-bred\nJersey\nW. G. Harris, R.R. 1, Agassiz\nBro. T. Girard, St. Mary's School,\nMission\nJohn Farquhar, R.R. 1, Langley\nPrairie\nJohn Farquhar, R.R. 1, Langley\nPrairie\n12\nLangley Pure-bred Ayrshire\nLangley Ayrshire\t\n9\n18\nTotal (38 Clubs)\t\nVICTORIA, B.C. :\nPrinted by Charles F. BixriELD, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty.\n1042.\n1,500-1242-2428"@en . "Legislative proceedings"@en . "J110.L5 S7"@en . "1943_V02_05_X1_X144"@en . "10.14288/1.0314368"@en . "English"@en . "Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library"@en . "Victoria, BC : Government Printer"@en . "Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia"@en . "Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia"@en . "PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA THIRTY-SEVENTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOR THE YEAR 1942"@en . "Text"@en . ""@en .