"cc28e034-09e1-47e2-90c4-c01518aa738d"@en . "CONTENTdm"@en . "NORTH-WESTERN DISTRICT (No. 1)."@en . "http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1198198"@en . "Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia"@en . "British Columbia. Legislative Assembly"@en . "2016"@en . "[1936]"@en . "https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/bcsessional/items/1.0308252/source.json"@en . "Foldout Map: Geological Sketch-map of Unuk River Area"@en . "application/pdf"@en . " NORTH-WESTERN DISTRICT (No. 1). B I\nPART B.\nNORTH-WESTERN MINERAL SURVEY DISTRICT (No. 1).\nBY\nJ. T. Mandy.\nSUMMARY.\nChief interest in mining has been in gold deposits and development-work carried out in\nrecent years indicates the probability of increased gold production in the near future.\nAlthough an increased silver price has stimulated several small operations, a material\nincrease in activity of silver properties is dependent upon a stable price for this metal.\nProspecting shows an increase over 1934 and has been very active throughout the district.\nIn this respect an increasing interest has materialized in the Unuk, Stikine, Liard, and Atlin\nsections. New discoveries have been made in the Unuk River, Taku River, and in the McDame\nCreek sections.\nNormal production has continued from the Premier mine, Stewart, since March 9th, when\ninstallation was completed of a new power plant to replace the one destroyed by fire. Towards\nthe end of the year an agreement embracing the formation of the Silbak-Premier Mines,\nLimited, was consummated whereby the Premier Company undertakes the further development\nand operation of the adjoining B.C. Silver and Sebakwe Company holdings. This will result\nin commencement of production from these latter properties during 1936. Production from\nSurf Point mine, Porcher island, has continued normally. A feature in the Stewart area has\nbeen the increasing interest in small operations by individuals or syndicates aiming at small-\ntonnage production of high-grade shipping-ore. Interest in this phase of operation is also-\nmaterializing in the Alice Arm area. Small shipments have been made from: The Surf Inlet\nConsolidated, Princess Royal island; the Edye Pass, Porcher island; Dunwell, Blackhill,\nLakeview, Spider, Ben Ali, Ida, Virginia (Excelsior Syndicate), and Moonlight (Northern\nProspectors) in the Stewart area; and the Dolly Varden in the Alice Arm area.\nActive exploration was carried out on many properties throughout the district. Encouraging results indicative of possible production in the near future have been achieved at the\nBig Missouri, Stewart, by Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, and at the\nWhitewater property, Taku river, by Duluth, Minnesota, interests. The expansion of exploration and the interest of large operating companies in the district is further indicated in the\nactive exploration of the Salmon Gold, Stewart, by the Consolidated Mining and Smelting\nCompany of Canada, and of the McKay Syndicate property, Unuk river, by the Premier Gold\nMining Company. Continuation of both these operations is planned for 1936.\nPlacer-gold mining and prospecting by individuals, syndicates, and substantial company\ninterests has increased, especially in the Atlin area, where a feature has been the inauguration\nof increased steam-shovel operations and the successful reopening by individuals of old drift-\nworkings.\nFacilities for aeroplane transportation have improved in the district. Two efficiently\norganized and operated local northern companies, the Northern Air Express and the Northern\nAirways, based at Atlin, B.C., and Carcross, Y.T., have facilitated exploration of the more\nremote interior sections.\nDuring the year the Granby Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company, Limited, closed\ndown its copper mine and smelter at Anyox and sold them to the Consolidated Mining and\nSmelting Company of Canada. This action was the result of the exhaustion of ore reserves\nto a stage where the company decided to close down rather than carry on for the possible short\nremaining life of the mine.\nThe writer desires to express his thanks to prospectors, operators, and all those with whom\nhe has come in contact during the conduct of his work, for their co-operation.\nThe following is the gold production from No. 1 District during 1935: Lode, 45,810 oz.j\nplacer, 14,099 oz.\n4\ncOVlNCIAL LIBRARY\nVICTORIA, B.C. B 2 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1935.\nLODE-GOLD DEPOSITS.\nCoast Area.\nThis group of claims is owned by R. Knox Paton and associates, of Vancouver,\nCampania. and is located on Whale channel, on the north-west side of Princess Royal\nisland, 95 miles south-easterly from Prince Rupert and about 4 miles south\nof Leading point. The area is most conveniently reached by launch from Butedale, the nearest\nport of call of coastwise steamers, on the east coast of Princess Royal island. The claims\ncommence at the beach, which is characterized by a rugged, rocky, and densely timbered shoreline. The topography of the area is featured by a hillocked foreshore with a 25- to 35-degree\nslope, which gradually steepens to mountain domes and ridges of about 5,000 feet elevation\nforming the central part of the island.\nThe formation consists of hornblende-schist of the Prince Rupert series contiguous to,\nand probably underlain at shallow depth by, granitic rocks of the Coast Range batholith.\nIn places granitic rocks outcrop and numerous acidic dykes intrude the schists. The mineral\ndeposit consists of a high-temperature quartz vein, in places pegmatitic, striking north 57\ndegrees west and dipping 60 degrees north-east. The vein is from 6 to 8 feet wide and very\nsparsely mineralized with thin films of marcasite in minute cracks, some chalcopyrite and\nmagnetite.\nThe ground comprises a restaking in 1934 of the old Moose group, referred to in the Annual\nReport of the Minister of Mines for 1920 under the heading of \" Whale Channel Mines,\nLimited.\" The Belmont-Surf Inlet Mines are reported to have worked on the claims during\n1923. In recent years no work has been done.\nThe appearance of the work done, consisting of several open-cuts, one shaft, and one short\nadit distributed along the strike of the vein for a distance of about 1,200 feet between elevations\nof 250 and 800 feet, indicates it was completed previous to the present restaking. In these\nworkings a width of from 6 to 8 feet of very sparsely mineralized quartz is exposed. At\nelevation 450 feet an adit 72 feet in length is driven in a winding direction along the vein.\nIt starts on the vein at the portal, but gradually leaves it, passing through the hanging-wall.\nAt 51 feet it turns towards the vein and passes through it, continuing on the foot-wall side\nto the face. At an elevation of 550 feet and about 500 feet south-easterly from the adit an\ninclined shaft, filled with water at the time of examination and reputed to be 18 feet in depth,\nis sunk on the vein.\nA composite sample of the best mineralization selected from the various dumps and\nexposures assayed: Gold, 0.10 oz. per ton; silver, 0.1 oz. per ton; copper, 0.2 per cent. The\ndescribed mineralization is very sparingly distributed through the quartz exposed in all the\nworkings.\nThis group, owned by F. T. Patterson, of Porcher island, consists of the\nEdye Pass. Jeanie and Nabob Crown-granted mineral claims and three adjoining claims\nheld by location. The property adjoins the Surf Point mine on the north\nand is situated on the westerly side of Porcher island about 25 miles south-westerly from\nPrince Rupert. Porcher island is reached by launch from Prince Rupert.\nThe topography of the area is featured by a comparatively flat or hillocked foreshore\ndeeply covered with muskeg and of about 300 feet general elevation bordering the steep slopes\nto mountain domes or ridges of from 4,500 to 5,000 feet elevation that form the central part\nof the island. This characteristic topography is conformable to the flat and doming structure\nof the intrusive batholithic rocks, the low hillocked areas generally marking flat roof-horizons\nof the batholith with remnants of preserved roof-rocks. It is in this flat roof-horizon that the\nmineral deposits occur. Quartz veins, mineralized with gold-bearing pyrite, occur in the\nroof-horizon of a quartz-diorite phase of the Coast Range batholith contiguous to the contact\nof the quartz diorite with Triassic sediments and volcanics of the overlying Prince Rupert\nseries. The veins, varying in width from a few inches to several feet, outcrop along a rather\nflat benched area of the diorite and strike generally easterly to north-easterly and dip about\nvertically. They appear to occupy joint-planes in the diorite and are lenticular, erratic, and,\nexcept where shearing as well as fracturing has taken place, restricted in continuity.\nQuartz veins and lenses similar in character to those occurring on the Surf Point have\nbeen discovered on this property. Several lenses and veins of quartz well mineralized with NORTH-WESTERN DISTRICT (No. 1).\nB 3\ngold-bearing pyrite have been exposed by extensive open-cutting and stripping and small\nshipments of high-grade ore have been made from time to time.\nRecent operations have been carried out on the Jeanie and Nabob claims.\nOn the Nabob claim, adjoining the Jeanie on the west, a trench 170 feet long, continuing\nin an open-cut about 120 feet long, exposes a quartz vein in a well-defined shear varying from\n6 to 41 inches in width. Samples taken from the face of this cut assayed as follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094Across\n41 inches: Gold, 0.6 oz. per ton; silver, 0.5 oz. per ton. Across 27 inches: Gold, 0.96 oz.\nper ton; silver, 0.6 oz. per ton. A grab sample from about 40 tons of sorted ore on the dump\nat this cut assayed: Gold, 1.76 oz. per ton; silver, 0.9 oz. per ton; sulphides, 18 per cent,\nby weight.\nv\n,_v. , Eagle M.C.\nm\n\"\" B.C.Department of Mines. 1936\nWestern Hops M.C.\nEdye Pass Group, Porcher Island.\nAbout 30 feet south of the face of this cut the vein is exposed again and shows a width\nof 30 inches of well-pyritized quartz. Farther south the projection of the vein is covered with\nmuskeg, but its possible continuity is marked by a trough-like depression which extends into\nthe adjoining Eagle claim in alignment with a deep draw about 1,000 feet south of these claims.\nAbout 500 feet westerly of the main Nabob cut a lenticular quartz vein 18 to 24 inches\nwide and well mineralized with pyrite is exposed for about 50 feet by stripping and two pits\nin low muskeg ground. Continuity of this showing is obscured by muskeg overburden.\nOn the Jeanie claim, about 600 feet south-easterly of the main Nabob cut, a quartz vein\nfrom 12 to 36 inches in width, strike north 89 degrees east, dip vertical, is exposed in an open-\ncut 130 feet long. A sample representing a length of 6 feet and a width of 12 to 16 inches\nexposed in the floor of the cut 52 feet from its mouth assayed: Gold, 1.7 oz. per ton; silver,\n0.3 oz. per ton; sulphides, 22 per cent, by weight. A sample across 36 inches of vein in the\ncentre of the face of the cut assayed: Gold, 0.84 oz. per ton; silver, 0.3 oz. per ton; sulphides,\n8.5 per cent, by weight. A grab sample of 8 tons of sorted ore on the dump at the mouth\nassayed: Gold, 4.5 oz. per ton; silver, 1.2 oz. per ton; sulphides, 36.5 per cent, by weight.\nThis vein has been traced intermittently in muskeg-covered ground for about 300 feet westerly\nand 200 feet easterly of the cut.\nAbout 400 feet south-westerly from the last-mentioned cut a deep open-cut about 120 feet\nin length has been excavated on a well-mineralized quartz vein varying from about 6 inches B 4 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1935.\nto 3 feet in width. Several cross-stringers are exposed in the face of this cut and a sample\nof the face, 8 feet high, in which a vein varying from 8 to 14 inches in width is exposed,\nassayed: Gold, 1.2 oz. per ton; silver, 0.2 oz. per ton; sulphides, 13 per cent, by weight. At\nthe time of examination about 35 tons of sorted ore was on the dump at the mouth of the cut.\nSeveral other veins and stringers, some of which are well mineralized with pyrite, are exposed\nby open-cuts and stripping between 100 feet southerly and 240 feet northerly of the face of\nthis cut.\nBear River Area, Portland Canal.\nThis claim constituted part of the original holdings of the old Portland Canal\nGipsy. Mining and Development Company, Limited, which was organized in 1907.\nThe properties have recently been purchased for taxes by L. S. Davidson,\nof Stewart. During operations by the old Portland Canal Company only some superficial\nopen-cutting and stripping was done and a shallow shaft sunk on the Gipsy claim. Whereas\nhigher silver values were found in the vein opened up in the old main workings, gold values\nseem to predominate in the Gipsy vein.\nThe property is located in the southern section of what is known as the \" Portland Canal\nFissure Zone \" on the south side of Glacier creek, about 1V2 miles south-easterly from the\nDunwell mill. A good pack-horse trail following a generally steep grade leads to the property\nfrom the Bear River road at the Dunwell mill.\nThe vein outcrops along a comparatively flat, thickly timbered and overgrown bench intervening along the north side of the hill, which slopes about 30 degrees to Glacier creek, about\n1,500 feet below.\nIn this locality the argillites of the Bitter Creek formation (Lower Hazelton group) have\nbeen intruded by a small cupola of granitic rock and by several lamprophyre and acidic dykes.\nThe mineral deposit consists of a quartz vein varying from a few inches to about 42 inches\nin width, striking north 74 degrees east and dipping 60 degrees south. Due to the proximity\nof the granitic intrusive the argillites are highly silicifled and cherty. The vein outcrops at\nan elevation of 1,825 feet in the draw of a small creek, is adjacent to a granitic dyke, and\nhas been traced by a series of open-cuts and stripping for a distance of about 200 feet.\nOn the east side of the creek, contiguous to the main cut, an old shaft filled with water and\nreported to be 60 feet in depth has been excavated. In the main open-cut at an elevation\nof 1,825 feet the vein is 42 inches in width and composed of quartz and calcite gangue\nmineralized with pyrite, galena, sphalerite, arsenopyrite, and some chalcopyrite.\nA sample across 42 inches in this cut assayed: Gold, 0.50 oz. per ton; silver, 1.8 oz.\nper ton; copper, nil; lead, 6 per cent.; zinc, 5 per cent. At the easterly extremity of the\nwork done at an elevation 1,840 feet an open-cut exposes the vein about 12 inches in width.\nThis group consists of the Miller (Lot 893), Pontiac (Lot 894), Roosevelt\nRoosevelt. No. 1 (Lot 895), Roosevelt (Lot 805), Northern Hill (Lot 897), Crown-\ngranted claims, and three mineral claims staked in 1934 and held by location.\nThe property is owned by Messrs. Feezey and Oliver and associates, of Victoria, and is located\nabout 1 mile up the North fork of Bitter creek, about 5 miles from the Bear River road and\n12 miles from Stewart, in the Portland Canal Mining Division. It adjoins the Mayou and\nAlamo groups on the west. A good pack-horse trail extends from the road at elevation 450 feet\nto the cabin at elevation 1,500 feet. The mountainous and rugged topography of the Coast\nrange characterizes the area. The mineral deposits occur in a canyon section of the North\nfork with steeply sloping rock bluffs.\nThe rocks underlying the area are argillites of the Bitter Creek formation of probably\nTriassic age (Lower Hazelton group) striking northerly and dipping about 50 degrees west.\nIntruding and disturbing this formation are numerous dykes of acidic or granitic character.\nThe mineral deposits consist of quartz veins with two different types of mineralization:\n(1) Galena, sphalerite, pyrite, and silver minerals, with the latter predominating, and varying\ngold values; (2) chalcopyrite and pyrite with appreciable gold but low silver values. The\nveins occur in the argillite adjacent to or between granitic dykes.\nThe history of this property is interesting in that it had the distinction of being named\nthe \" Grizzly \" by David James Rainey in 1899, and was the first claim staked in the Stewart\narea. The holdings were originally incorporated into the Grizzly Mining Company, financed\nby Seattle interests. This company is reputed to have spent about $30,000 on exploration of -\u00E2\u0080\u0094\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nNORTH-WESTERN DISTRICT (No. 1). B 5\nthe showings and shipped about 10 tons of ore to Tacoma. The Grizzly Mining Company\nallowed the ownership of the property to lapse and it was restaked as the Roosevelt in 1901\nby Rainey in partnership with Graham Chambers, of Nass Harbour, and the Roosevelt Mining\nCompany was organized in 1907. This company is reported to have spent about $8,000 on\nexploration and held the claims for several years. The property was finally bought for\ntaxes in 1933 by Messrs. Feezey and Oliver and associates, of Victoria. Some cursory exploration was carried out on the showings during the season of 1934, and in the late autumn of\n1935 further operations under contract were commenced by Arthur Cameron and Jack Lenehan,\nof Stewart, which are reported to consist of drifting on the galena vein. The property was\nexamined on September 29th before the commencement of the latter operations, so that this\nreport covers exposures only in the old workings.\nAt an elevation of 1,575 feet on the west side of the canyon and about 20 feet above the\ncreek-bed a quartz vein outcrops in the steep canyon-wall, in crushed and sheared argillite\nbetween two granitic dykes. The vein is from 10 to 25 inches in width, consisting of stringers\nand lenses of quartz and calcite mineralized mainly with galena, sphalerite, and pyrite,\nstriking north-westerly and dipping 85 degrees south-westerly. It can be traced up the\ncanyon-wall, which slopes about 70 degrees, for about 40 feet above the lowest outcrop.\nContinuity up the mountain is obscured by overburden and the vein on the east side of the\ncreek has not been found. At the lowest exposure No. 2 adit has been driven on the vein\nmineralized with irregular patches, blebs, and stringers of sulphides for about 30 feet. At the\nface of the adit the vein is 25 inches wide in the roof and 10 inches wide in the floor and consists\nof stringers of quartz and calcite with some pyrite, galena, and sphalerite. A sample across\n16 inches of vein in the centre of the face assayed: Gold, 0.06 oz. per ton; silver, 32.8 oz.\nper ton; copper, trace; lead, 5 per cent.; zinc, 2 per cent.\nAbout 750 feet northerly from this showing and on the same side of the canyon a quartz\nvein 6 feet in width adjacent to a granitic dyke outcrops in the steep canyon-wall about 20 feet\nabove the creek. This vein, strike north 64 degrees west, dip 80 degrees south, is mineralized\nmainly with pyrite and chalcopyrite. The vein has not been traced up the mountain-side or\nacross the creek. No. 1 adit, 79 feet in length, was started on this vein, but for the first 36 feet\nveered away from it into the hanging-wall side. The last 43 feet gradually veered back\ntowards the vein and followed the hanging-wall for 20 feet, showing fair mineralization of\npyrite and chalcopyrite. A sample of 18 inches of well-mineralized quartz in the centre of\nthe vein exposed at the portal assayed: Gold, 0.12 oz. per ton; silver, trace; copper, 1.2 per cent.\nAbout 15 feet northerly from this showing a small open-cut exposes 13 inches of sheared\nquartzose vein-matter in argillite adjacent to and between two granitic dykes. This vein,\nmineralized mainly with pyrite and chalcopyrite, strikes north 48 degrees west and dips\n85 degrees south-west. Its southerly projection should intersect with the southerly projection\nof the vein exposed in No. 1 adit. A sample across 12 inches in the bottom of the cut assayed:\nGold, 0.40 oz. per ton; silver, 1 oz. per ton; copper, 5 per cent.\nSalmon River Area, Portland Canal.\nThis group of Crown-granted claims, Mineral Basin, Mineral Basin No. 1,\nMineral Basin. Mineral Basin No. 2, Mineral Basin Fraction, and Golden Fraction, totalling\n117 acres, is owned by Yail Rogenstain, W. L. Duff, and associates, of Hyder.\nIt is situated towards the southerly end and on the comparatively steep easterly slope of the\nMissouri ridge, about 13 miles from the town of Hyder, Alaska, and about 15 miles from\nStewart, at the head of the Portland canal. The property is reached by the Salmon River\nmotor-road to the Premier power-house; thence 2 miles by a good trail with a comparatively\neasy grade, rising about 500 feet to the showings. The claims were staked in 1918 and Crown-\ngranted in 1923, but until recently very little exploration-work has been done on them.\nThe showings are located in the steep and rock-bluffed section of the upper ridge terrain,\nwhich flattens below the showings to a general slope of about 15 degrees to Cascade creek.\nThe rocks are Triassic andesitic tuffs and some porphyritic lavas of the Bear River formation (Hazelton group), intruded by several wide granitic dykes. On the Mineral Basin\nFraction two parallel shear-zones about 90 feet apart, striking north-westerly and dipping\nabout 60 degrees south-westerly, occur in tuffs near the south-westerly corner of this claim\nat elevations of 1,700 and 1,775 feet respectively. These can be seen outcropping across the B 6 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1935.\nfaces of small bluffs, and can be traced along their natural exposures for about 200 feet, but\nare obscured by overburden at the extremities of these outcrops. A parallel feldspar-porphyry\ndyke 10 feet wide outcrops about 20 feet easterly from the westerly zone. The easterly zone\nis crosscut by a feldspar-porphyry dyke about 8 feet wide striking east-west. At an elevation\nof 1,720 feet an open-cut in the east zone exposes some oxidation and a patch of siliceous and\ncalcareous replacement 3 feet wide mineralized with galena, sphalerite, pyrite, and some\nchalcopyrite. A sample of this mineralization assayed: Gold, 0.30 oz. per ton; silver, 16.8 oz.\nper ton; copper, trace; lead, 16 per cent.; zinc, 6 per cent.\nTwenty feet below this cut an open-cut 14 feet long continuing in an adit 18 feet long\nand bearing south 89 degrees east had been made with the idea of intersecting the shear.\nThe working is adjacent to the feldspar-porphyry dyke and follows a cross-fracture. Some\npatches of quartz and calcite veinlets are seen in the pyritized tuffs exposed in this working.\nA crew of four men was employed on this work, but at the time of examination (September\n15th) the adit had not progressed far enough to intersect possible continuity of the shear.\nThis group, owned by Fitzgerald Bros., of Hyder, Alaska, is situated on the\nSilver Basin, east side of the Salmon River glacier, on the westerly slope of Missouri, ridge\nabout 20 miles from Stewart, Portland Canal Mining Division, and adjoins,\nthe Hercules group on the west, the Rambler claim of the Big Missouri holdings, and the\nDay No. 3 claim of the Day group. The property is reached by motor-road to the Big Missouri,\na distance of 18 miles, from where a trail continues for about 2 miles along the east side of\nthe Big Missouri ridge to its crest at an elevation of 3,500 feet and descends to the showings\non the westerly ridge-slope to the Salmon glacier. In former years a little work was done\non silver-lead-zinc mineralization occurring in a shattered zone in argillite on the Silver Basin\nclaims just above the glacier. This showing occurs on the north wall of a small canyon in-\nthe steep hill-slope to the glacier.\nRecent work has been done on showings located at a higher elevation towards the southeast corner of Last Chance No. 1 claim, situated south-east of the Silver Basin claims. These\nwere examined in 1934 but have not as yet been described. The topography of the immediate\nlocality is a rugged, hillocked, and ridged area varying from 3,000 to 3,500 feet in general\nelevation.\nThe showings are distributed over a gently sloping, meadowed, lightly timbered, knolled,\nand bluffed section of the westerly ridge-slope. The rocks are mainly andesitic tuffs, with\npossibly some porphyries, of the upper Bear River series (Hazelton group), close to and\neasterly from the contact of these rocks with the overlying upper Jurassic sediments of the\nSalmon River and Nass series.\nThe mineral deposits consist of siliceous replacements in tuffs, generally sparsely\nmineralized in places with pyrite, some chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena. These appear\nto follow structures striking generally north-easterly and dipping from 50 to 70 degrees\nnorth-westerly. The most definitely defined structure observed outcrops in a creek-draw at\nan elevation of 3,325 feet, on which an open-cut exposed a width of 7 feet of silicified tuff and\nquartz stringers, sparsely mineralized with pyrite, some sphalerite and galena. Several\nadjacent quartz stringers indicated a more extended width of silicification than exposed in\nthe cut.\nAt an elevation of 3,350 feet, about 500 feet north 31 degrees west from this cut, an\nopen-cut exposes silicified tuff 6 feet wide, with some pyrite mineralization. At an elevation\nof 3,325 feet and about 300 feet south 69 degrees west from this an open-cut exposes a silicified\nshear-zone 5 feet wide mineralized with pyrite, some galena, sphalerite, and chalcopyrite.\nAt an elevation of 3,275 feet and about 100 feet south-westerly from this cut a similar occurrence is exposed by a small open-cut. At elevations of 3,225 and 3,255 feet and about 150 feet\nsouth 80 degrees west from this cut an open-cut exposes a similar occurrence. About 100 feet\nsoutherly from this an adit has been driven north 64 degrees east for 20 feet with the objective\nof intersecting silicified tuffs exposed on the bluff 30 feet above. About 600 feet south-easterly\nat an elevation of 3,200 feet several small open-cuts expose silicified tuffs with quartz and\ncalcite stringers, sparsely mineralized with pyrite, some sphalerite and galena over a width\nof 15 feet. A sample across 5 feet of the best mineralization exposed in these cuts assayed:\nGold, 0.02 oz. per ton; silver, 0.6 oz. per ton. NORTH-WESTERN DISTRICT (No. 1). B 7\nFurther work was carried out on these showings during the season of 1935, but this was\nnot examined.\nUnuk River Area.\nThe Unuk river and its tributaries drain an area of about 850 square miles in the Coast\nmountains in the region of latitude 56 degrees 30 minutes and longitude 130 degrees 30 minutes.\nThe mouth of the Unuk river at Burroughs bay, Alaska, is 124 miles north-westerly from\nPrince Rupert. The barrier of ice on the summit between the Unuk river and the Salmon-\nBowser troughs prohibits efficient or convenient accessibility into the Unuk area from the\nlatter valleys except by means of aeroplane. The only possible route from this side would\nbe along the Bowser River trough to Treaty creek, from the headwaters of which there is a\ncomparatively low and glacier-free pass to the headwaters of Ketchum creek, a north-easterly\nbranch of the Unuk river, a total distance of about 50 miles from Tide lake, or about 85 miles\nfrom Tidewater at Stewart. ,\nThe natural route into the area is up the Unuk River valley through Alaskan territory.\nThe mouth of the Unuk river may be reached by coastwise steamers from Prince Rupert to\nKetchikan, a distance of 98 miles, and from thence by launch to Matney's ranch at the river-\nmouth, a distance of\" 75 miles. It is stressed that on account of the involved hazards no\nindividuals, unless they are thoroughly experienced in swift-water navigation and have\nintimate knowledge of this particular stream, should undertake the navigation of the Unuk\nriver alone. For navigation up the Unuk river especially constructed flat-bottomed shovel-\nnose river-boats powered with outboard motors are required.\nThe river is navigable to the first canyon, a distance of about 16 miles from Matney's ranch\nat the mouth. This stretch can be covered in one day. At favourable stages of water the\nFirst canyon is also navigable to near its head, where a sharp bend in the upper river-channel\nproduces an extremely dangerous overfall and whirlpool. Navigation is at its best when the\nice goes out in the early spring, usually about the beginning of May. At about the middle\nof November navigation begins to be impeded by ice. During part of the winter, dog-team\ntransportation over the frozen river may be possible. Except under very favourable conditions, the stretch of the river between the First canyon and the Boundary, a distance of\nabout 7 miles, is not navigable and can only be negotiated by means of continuous and arduous\n\" lining.\"\nStarting at the International boundary, a trail extends for a distance of approximately\n17 miles along the west bank of the river to a point about lVz miles above Sulphurets creek.\nAlong this trail convenient cable crossings have been constructed across Harrymel (North\nFork) creek, across the Fourth canyon to the south side of Sulphurets creek, and across\nKetchum creek 1% miles above this creek.\nAccommodation at the mouth of the river can be arranged with Messrs. McQuillan and\nKing and farm produce may be procured from the ranch of Harvey Matney.\nArrangements for transportation up the river can be made with Messrs. McQuillan and\nKing or Bruce and Jack Johnstone, of Ketchikan, who are familiar with the intricate, swift-\nwater navigation of the stream. Quoted rates covering people and freight are 9 cents per\npound to the Boundary and 16 cents per pound from the Boundary to Sulphurets creek. With\nthe completion of trail facilities and the planned introduction of pack-horses, rates from the\nBoundary on may be proportionately reduced.\nOn the Alaskan side of the Boundary, camps and cabins are situated at the mouth of the\nriver, at 12 miles, and at the mouth of the First canyon. On the British Columbia side of the\nBoundary T. S. McQuillan has established cabins at the Boundary, the head of Third canyon,\nthe mouth of Fewright creek (2), and at the mouth of the Fourth canyon below Sulphurets\ncreek. In the upper area on Ketchum creek a cabin (\" Jimmy the Bear \") is located on the\nwest bank about 6 miles above Sulphurets creek, and the Mackay Syndicate has constructed\ncabins at the 'foot of Prout plateau about 8 miles north of Sulphurets creek. These cabins\nare indicated on the accompanying map.\nVery little is known about climatic conditions in the Unuk River area. The part under\ndiscussion lies within the central and eastern part of the Coast mountains and rainfall is therefore less than on the west or coast side. Reliable reports indicate comparatively low winter\ntemperatures but moderate snowfall. Excellent stands of spruce, hemlock, cedar, balsam, and cottonwood are seen on the\nhilllocked and benched areas adjacent to the river-bank. In some sections dense growths of\nunderbrush, especially \" devil's-club,\" blueberries, and salmon-berries, thrive.\nSpawning salmon of various varieties were observed in Ketchum creek as far inland and\nslightly beyond the mouth of Sam Coulter creek in the headwaters section. Border creek and\nlake are remarkable for the number and variety of salmon and Dolly Varden and cut-throat\ntrout. Numbers of a small variety of Dolly Varden trout were observed in some of the clear\nspring streams along the east bank of the main river above the junction of Ketchum creek.\nMany fur-bearing animals, especially mink and martin, are reported by T. S. McQuillan and\nseveral fine specimens of mink were seen. Geese and ducks frequent the slough areas and\nlakes, especially Border lake. Wolves and bear, both black and grizzly, are frequently seen.\nMoose are scarce, but a few are to be found, especially in the fiat area between the main stream\nand Sulphurets creek. Mountain-goat are plentiful in the higher altitudes. Some grouse were\nseen, but they are generally rare. With the exception of fish and possibly mountain-goat,\nedible game is, however, comparatively scarce and prospectors are warned not to rely on this\nmeans of subsistence.\nThe Ketchum Creek fork of the Unuk river rises in a comparatively low divide of approximately 3,500 feet elevation at the westerly edge of the Interior Plateaux country and the main\nstream in its central part cross-sections the Coast mountains. The main tributaries feeding\nit have their source in glacier-tongues connected with continuous ice-fields of the mountainous\nand rugged Coast mountains. With the exception of four canyons, the main stream occupies\na bed from % to 1 mile wide and is featured by innumerable shallow, fast-flowing and\ncontinuously changing channels separated by sand and gravel bars and many small islands.\nThe valley of the river varies from about 1 to 2 miles in width. The chief tributaries,\nHarrymel, Ketchum, and Sulphurets creeks, are extensive and rapid streams, with equivalent\nand greater volume of water and valley-width in comparison to the Bear and Salmon rivers\nof the Portland Canal area.\nDensely timbered and rugged mountain-slopes terminating in domed ridges and precipitous peaks that vary from approximately 6,000 to 8,000 feet altitude confine the valley-trough.\nContinuous glacier-fields feature the tops of the mountain ranges on both sides of the river.\nThe physical features of the Unuk river are typical of the larger glacier-fed streams of\nthe north Pacific area that have cut their way through the Coast mountains to the sea. Large\nquantities of silt, continuously carried down from the upper ridges, have resulted in numerous\nbars, sloughs, low-lying islands flooded at high water, and a network of channels. From the\nmouth to the International boundary the river has a gradient of about 15 feet to the mile.\nFrom this point to Sulphurets creek the gradient steepens to about 27 feet to the mile and\nriver conditions generally preclude any navigation of the stream except by means of practically\nincessant lining.\nMany small streams flow into the Unuk river from both banks. The most important\ntributaries in British Columbia territory are Border, Len King, Ellison (Canyon), Fewright\n(Glacier), Harrymel, Ketchum, and Sulphurets creeks. These tributaries and subsidiary\ncreeks all offer the best means of access to prospecting of the area.\nDuring 1934 the writer entered the headwaters area by aeroplane from Stewart and in\n1935, after a preliminary reconnaissance by aeroplane, the area was entered by way of the\nriver to the International boundary, and from there by foot up the main river and its chief\ntributaries.\nNo topographical or geological mapping has been done in this area. The nearest section\nmapped by the Geological Survey of Canada is the adjoining Salmon River area to the southeast, which is described in Memoir 132, 1922; Summary Report, 1931, Part A; and in Memoir\n175, 1935.\nOn account of the increasing interest in the north-westerly extension from the Salmon\nRiver district of the eastern contact area of the Coast Range batholith an examination of the\nUnuk River area was deemed advisable. As very little was known about the mineral possibilities of this area, a rough geological map of the section was made with the object of showing\nthe relative areas of igneous and sedimentary rocks. These factors are incorporated in the\naccompanying sketch-map, which it is hoped will furnish a working basis for prospectors and\nothers interested. Recent lava flows\n|.,.,..vi Unconsolidated deposits\nl-':':'\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\";\"\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 I (Sand and gravel)\nnnrpn Coast Range Intrusives.\nl>LlJJ granite, granodionte, quartz diorite, etc\nsediments.\nte,sandstone,quartzite,some tuff\nfe^l Limestone\nMainly igneous rocks:\nvolcan ic tuffs and flows,some sediments\nGeological boundary (defined)\n(approximate)\n\ys\ Bedding (inclined, vertical)\nEH3 Trail\nF^m Glacier\nContours (500 feet)\nBO Department of Mines. 1935\nGeological Sketch-map of Unuk River Area. NORTH-WESTERN DISTRICT (No. 1). B 9\nThe first discovery of mineral in the area is credited to a prospector named O'Hara, who\nis said to have come out of the Unuk in 1893 with placer gold. As a result of this several\nprospectors are reported to have outfitted at an old fishing camp named Loring, about 20 miles\nfrom the present site of Ketchikan, Alaska, and entered the Unuk River country in 1894.\nSome extensive cuts in bench-gravels are still to be seen at the mouth of Mitchell creek, and\nat this spot, in comparatively good condition, is an old cabin. Over its door is an inscription:\n\" F. E. Gingras, H. W. Ketchum, C. W. Mitchell, 1898.\" At the mouth of Sulphurets creek\nand around Mitchell creek scattered decayed remnants of several old-timers' cabins and a few\ncrude tools were found in the dense forest underbrush.\nA few sketchy reports concerning the area indicate that some fairly extensive development\nwas done between the years 1900-1903. In 1900 the Unuk River Mining and Dredging Company purchased a group of five claims from Ceperley, Rounsefell & Company, of Victoria.\nIn the British Columbia Minister of Mines' Annual Report for 1901 a reference is made to the\nGlobe and Cumberland groups, and in 1903 the construction of a wagon-road by the Unuk\nRiver Mining, Smelting,- and Transportation Company was started from Tidewater on\nBurroughs bay to the Cumberland group on Sulphurets creek. This road was completed to\nthe \" Landing \" at the head of Third canyon, a total distance of about 31 miles from seaboard,\nof which about 6 miles was in British Columbia.\nMachinery destined for the Cumberland group never reached the property and its rusted\nremains are to be seen scattered along the remnants of the old road. Erosive action of the\nriver, undergrowth, and windfalls have practically obliterated the old road, with the exception\nof a few sections, the longest of which is in British Columbia.\nIn 1905 F. E. Wright, of the United States Geological Survey, visited the Unuk River area\nin connection with his work on the Alaskan side and submitted a short report to the Canadian\nGovernment. In 1920 George Clothier, of the British Columbia Department of Mines, travelled\nup the river to the International boundary.\nDoubtless, owing to difficulties and hazards of transportation, no further interest, with\nthe exception of that of one or two trappers, was displayed in the area from about 1903 to\n1929, when some cursory prospecting was done by Thomas McQuillan and T. Terwilligen, of\nKetchikan. In 1930 Arthur Skelhorne and Terwilligen, prospecting for the Mining Corporation of Canada, explored the area up Lake Creek valley and down Gracey creek to the Globe\ngroup on the main river. In 1931, 1932, and 1935 Ted Morris, a Stewart prospector, crossed\nthe glacier-covered divide from Bowser river into the headwaters section of the Unuk. In 1932\na prosnecting expedition into the Ketchum Creek area, with the aid of aeroplane transportation\nfrom Stewart, was undertaken by T. S. Mackay, A. H. Melville, and W. A. Prout, representing\na syndicate of Premier, British Columbia, interests. This resulted in the discovery of a wide\narea of mineralization in which gold values occur. Further exploration of these discoveries\nwas carried out by the MacKay Syndicate during 1933 and 1934, and in 1935 by the Premier\nGold Mining Company. This activity was accompanied by the influx of other prospectors\nfrom Stewart and Prince Rupert and the staking of several more groups of claims in the\nheadwaters area. Durina: 1934 and 1935 T. A. McQuillan, G. E. King, Bruce and Jack Johnstone, of Ketchikan, Alaska, also entered the section by means of river navigation from\nseaboard and staked several groups of claims in the central part of the area.\nThe Unuk river cuts across the Coast Range batholith, the eastern contact being about\n3% miles north-east of the International boundary. At this point the batholith plunges\neasterly under a sedimentary and igneous rock-complex, the contact, strike north-westerly,\ncrossing the river at the mouth of Ellison creek. Recent lava-flows cover Ellison Creek valley-\nbottom and were observed along the length of First, Second, and Third canyons. The geology\nof the headwaters area is described in the 1934 Annual Report.\nIn the lower and central sections of the drainage-troughs examined in 1935 the sediments\nconsist mainly of dark-coloured calcareous argillite. Towards the confluence of Gracey creek\nand the main river a wide band of limestone, strike north-westerly, dip 60 degrees north-east,\nextends from the vicinity of the headwaters of the Unuk to somewhere on the summit between\nthe Unuk river and Gracev creek. The argillaceous sediments of the Ketchum Creek section\n(1934 report) differ from those of the lower area, in that they are darker or black in colour,\nare intercalated with tuff-beds, and grade into a sandy complex. In general the sediments\nof the lower and central areas are severely disturbed and folded. At the easterly end of B 10 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1935.\nSulphurets Creek canyon the sediments are vertical and towards the mouth of Fewright creek\nsevere and intricate folding is evident. In the vicinity of the batholith and other intrusive\ncontacts the argillites are silicified and cherty and in places epidote and biotite are developed.\nThe development of pyrite in the argillites and the resultant rusty, weathered outcrops\nare also evident around igneous contacts. In places, notably on the south side of Sulphurets\ncreek in the area of Bejay and Jayjay creeks, the argillites are schistose.\nThe older rocks of the lower and central area are a complex of tuffs and crystalline rocks\nmainly andesitic in type. The tuffs are generally calcareous, fine-grained and dense in texture,\nand purplish, greenish, and dark grey in colour. The crystalline rocks are dense holocrystal-\nline and porphyritic in texture, and greenish, greenish-brown, and grey in colour. A definitely\nporphyritic phase occurs at the head of Sulphurets creek and holocrystalline rocks are found\nbetween LaBrant and Gracey creeks. Structural evidence and texture indicate that the\ncrystalline group of older igneous rocks consists of lava-flows and intrusives. The contacts\nof these rocks with the sediments are unconformable. Tongues of igneous rocks cut the\nGracey Creek limestone and epidote and garnet are developed in the contact-zone. They were\nobserved cutting the sediments at the head of Divelbliss creek, on the east bank of the Unuk\nnear the mouth of Gracey creek, south of Sulphurets Creek mouth, and east of the confluence\nof Len King and Harrymel creeks.\nDykes of various kinds and sizes, granitic bosses and stocks which are satellitic to the\nbatholith, intrude the older sedimentary and igneous complexes. Such bosses are seen at the\nheads of Divelbliss and LaBrant creeks, also westerly and northerly from Harrymel creek,\nan outstanding example being Mount Helen.\nMineralization is widespread in the area. Although general geological conditions are\nfavourable for the occurrence of mineral deposits, some sections are more favourable for gold\ndeposits than others. Mineral deposits of the Ketchum Creek area are described in the 1934\nAnnual Report. Fractures striking generally north-easterly are characteristic of the lower\nand central sections.\nWell-mineralized float is common in the creek-beds, especially on Sulphurets and the\nupper stretches of the main stream. This varies from small pebbles to fair-sized boulders\nand consists of quartzose material containing mainly pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, galena, and in some instances tetrahedrite (grey copper). Close to the mouth of\nSulphurets Creek canyon, in a pebble 4 inches long, native gold was observed in association\nwith pyrite, galena, and sphalerite. An average sample from a boulder in the bed of Divelbliss\n(Cabin) creek about a quarter of a mile above its mouth assayed: Gold, 0.20 oz. per ton;\nsilver, 6 oz. per ton; copper, nil; lead, 16 per cent. The sand-bars at the mouth of Sulphurets\ncreek and above the canyon contain abundant alluvial pyrite. A composite sample of this\nmaterial assayed: Gold, 0.03 oz. per ton; silver, trace; copper, trace; lead, nil'; zinc, nil.\nMineral discoveries have been made in several places and many claims staked. Those\nin the headwaters section are described in the 1934 Annual Report. From the upper end of\nSulphurets Creek canyon at about Jayjay creek to Mitchell creek, a distance of about 3 miles,\ngold-bearing gravels are known to occur on low benches. The gravels are somewhat rusty\nin colour. Very little prospecting has been done and it is not known whether the old-timers'\nworkings penetrated to bed-rock.\nThe Johnstone Bros, prospected reconcentrations around the mouth of Bejay and Jayjay\ncreeks. Several creek claims and leaseholds have been staked on these deposits as well as on\nthose between the mouth and canyon of Mitchell creek. The heavy timber on this bench-\nground and the probable presence of boulders would make operations somewhat difficult.\nThe Ketchikan interests controlling this ground plan its further exploration by test-pitting and\nby drilling with an \" Aeroplane \" Keystone drill which is at present being transported to the\nground.\nOn the Gold Run group on Geking creek a narrow gold-bearing quartz vein mineralized\nwith pyrite, galena, and sphalerite has been discovered in granitic rocks. On the Unuk Jumbo\ngroup, on the west side of the Unuk and 1 mile south of LaBrant creek, an extensive contact-\nmetamorphic zone is reported to have been discovered. The oxidized outcrop of this zone can\nbe seen along the face of precipitous bluffs. Quartz veins with sulphide mineralization carrying\ngold values have been discovered on the old Globe group of claims, Crown-granted in 1902, on\nthe west side of the Unuk, about 1 mile above Divelbliss creek. On the newly located Florence group, 1 mile south of the Globe, the discovery of a wide\nquartz vein mineralized with pyrite, chalcopyrite, and galena with gold values is reported.\nAt the head of Sulphurets creek an extensive area of pyritic mineralization occurs. In this\nsection zones containing quartz veins of the replacement-type were discovered and claims staked\non them in 1935. The Big Showing group in this area is described in detail. The old Cumberland group of claims, Crown-granted in 1902, situated near the mouth of Sulphurets creek, is\nalso described in detail. Subsequent to the present reconnaissance, claims were also staked on\nvisible oxidized outcrops on the south-westerly ridge of Twin John mountain. Prominent\noxidized outcrops also occur in the canyon of Mitchell creek about 1 mile above its mouth.\nDecayed posts indicate that this may at one time have been staked by the \" old-timers.\"\nOxidized outcrops are also plainly visible along the northerly edge of the Gracey Creek\nlimestone-belt. Several prominent rusty outcrops are also seen in the areas adjacent to the\ngranitic bosses around the heads of LaBrant and Divelbliss creeks.\nPossibilities for the occurrence of lode-gold deposits are in the areas of igneous rocks\nindicated on the accompanying map, and especially in the vicinity of the granitic boss between\nMount Madge and Unuk Finger mountain, as well as in the vicinity of the granitic boss around\nthe head of Divelbliss creek.\nThis group, sometimes referred to as the Daly group, consists of the Cumber-\nCumberland. land, Silver Pine, Middlesex, Xyphis, and Ougma Crown-granted claims and\nis owned by George E. Olmsted, Madison and Walnut streets, Danville, 111.\nThe property is situated on the Mount Madge ridge-slope to the south side of Sulphurets creek,\nabout 2 miles from its mouth. The main showings are at elevations of 1,200 and 1,350 feet.\nDensely timbered and rugged slopes rise to the crest of the ridge, which is about 5,500 feet in\nelevation. The ridge-crest continues easterly for about 2 miles and then rises abruptly to the\nprecipitous triangular peak of Mount Madge, the elevation of which is approximately 7,500 feet.\nThe property is reached by trail to the mouth of Sulphurets creek. The old trails that\nonce extended up the mountain-slope to the property are now so densely overgrown that the\neasiest route through the \" bush \" is followed.\nThe property was staked about 1898 by H. W. Ketchum, who later in association with a\nman named Daly and with Ceperley, Rounsefell & Company, of Victoria, sold the claims in\n1900 to the Unuk River Mining and Dredging Company, of which E. Olmsted was secretary.\nDuring the subsequent two years some development-work was carried out on the property and\nin 1903 the construction of a wagon-road from Burroughs bay was started. The attempt to\ntransport machinery to the property failed and operations ceased. In 1931 the group was\npurchased by the present owner at a tax sale, but no further work has been done. At an\nelevation of 1,400 feet and about 300 feet westerly from the upper adit the decayed remains of\na bunk-house and assay office overgrown by dense underbrush may be seen.\nThe rocks of the locality include argillites and dense andesitic tuffs and lavas intruded\nby several light-coloured siliceous dykes and lamprophyre dykes. The mineral deposits occur\nclose to the contacts of the sediments and volcanics and have been developed by two short adits.\nThe mineral deposits include two types:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n(1.) A sheared fissure-vein mineralized with quartz, calcite, barite, pvrite, galena,\nsphalerite, stibnite, tetrahedrite (grey copper), and argentite. The values are mainly in\nsilver.\n(2.) A quartz replacement-zone mineralized mainly with pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite,\nsphalerite, and galena, and carrying appreciable gold values.\nAt an elevation of 1,200 feet a sheared and brecciated zone intersected by a lamprophyre\ndyke occurs in volcanics. The zone strikes north 39 degrees west, dips steeply north-easterly,\nand contains small and irregular lenses and stringers of quartz, barite, and calcite. With the\nexception of some pyrite, the zone is practically barren of sulphide mineralization where\nexposed. On the north side of the dyke an adit, timbered for 20 feet from the portal, has\nbeen driven for 51 feet in a direction south 39 degrees east. An irregular quartz vein up to\n10 inches in width, also some barren quartz and calcite patches and stringers, are seen in this\nadit between the timbering and the face. The latter is in crushed rock with a few horizontal\nseams of calcite. A slip striking north and dipping a few degrees east crosses the working\nabout 15 feet from the face. The presence in a near-by small dump of cobbed vein material\nof quartz, calcite, and barite gangue well mineralized with pyrite, galena, sphalerite, tetra- hedrite (grey copper), stibnite, and some argentite indicates that some mineralization occurred\nin this working. The location of this mineralization may now be obscured by the timbering.\nA grab sample taken from the dump assayed: Gold, 0.02 oz.; silver, 104.6 oz. per ton; copper,\n0.5 per cent.; lead, 8 per cent.; zinc, 4 per cent. A reported dump of 20 tons of similar\nmineralization prepared for shipment could not be located.\nAt an elevation of 1,350 feet, several hundred feet north-easterly from this showing, a zone\ncontaining quartz veins of the replacement-type over a width of 20 to 30 feet outcrops up the\nface of a bluff which slopes at 70 degrees to the canyon of Sulphurets creek 500 feet below.\nThe rusty outcrop can be plainly traced down the bluff-face for about 150 feet and is a\nprominent feature of the landscape when viewed from the north side of Sulphurets creek.\nThe zone, striking north 15 degrees west and dipping 70 degrees east, occurs in a dense, highly\naltered and generally silicified volcanic rock. At the top of the bluff a deep open-cut continued\nas an adit follows the foot-wall of the zone for 30 feet and then crosscuts it for 21 feet in a\ndirection of south 64 degrees east. In this working veinlets and replacement-lenses of quartz\nare accompanied by stringers, patches and disseminations of chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, pyrite,\nsphalerite, and galena. A representative sample taken from a dump of about 15 tons at the\nportal of the adit assayed: Gold, 0.26 oz. per ton; silver, 2.4 oz. per ton; copper, 0.3 per cent.;\nlead, 3 per cent.; zinc, 10 per cent.\nThis group consists of the Big Showing No. 1, No. 2, No. 3, No. U, No. 5,\nBig Showing. Cedar, and Summit No. 1 and No. 2 mineral claims, staked in the summer\nof 1935. The group is owned by Bruce and Jack Johnstone, Ketchikan,\nAlaska, who, it is understood, staked some adjoining claims in the autumn. The property is\nlocated on the north side of the head of Sulphurets creek, about 12% miles from its mouth,\nand is reached by following an indistinctly blazed trapper's trail along the north side of the\ncreek. The source of Sulphurets creek is in a glacier-filled basin about 4 miles long and from\n% to 1% miles wide.\nThe rocks of the locality are pyritized tuffs intruded by andesites in part porphyritic.\nThe mineral deposit consists of a silicified zone from 200 to about 300 feet wide in the andesites\nadjacent to their contact with the tuffs. The zone contains quartz and calcite stringers,\nnumerous areas replaced by quartz accompanied by both massive and disseminated, fine-grained\npyrite. A few small crystals of arsenopyrite and some specks of chalcopyrite also occur in\nthe quartz veinlets. The zone forms a very prominent feature of the north side of Sulphurets\nCreek glacier. Starting on the steep bluff-face above the end moraine, its rusty outcrop can\nbe seen striking about north 70 degrees east and apparently dipping steeply south-east. It\nmaintains this strike for about 2 miles and then it appears to trend about north 45 degrees east.\nNo work has as yet been done on this zone and, on account of its lateral and horizontal\nextent, even adequate preliminary sampling would require extensive open-cutting and channelling. A chip sample across a section 50 feet wide assayed: Gold, trace; silver, 1 oz. per ton.\nThis section contains quartz veinlets and stringers and small amounts of chalcopyrite and\narsenopyrite.\nIn the neighbourhood of Brucejack lake, at the head of Sulphurets creek, the Johnstone\nBros, have also discovered a deposit of barite. This was not examined.\nMcDame Creek Area, Dease River.\nReconnaissance.\nThis area is on the Arctic slope. McDame creek flows into the Dease river on its left bank,\nabout 60 miles north-easterly from Dease lake.\nThe area is reached by regular steamer service to Wrangell, Alaska, from where the\nStikine river is navigated by the river-boat service of the Barrington Transportation Company\nas far as Telegraph Creek. Rates for this service are: Passengers, up-river $35, down-river\n$5; freight, about $40 per ton. A motor-road 72 miles in length crosses the divide to the\nArctic slope close to Dease lake, and connects Telegraph Creek with Dease Landing on Dease\nlake. The journey from Dease Landing down Dease river to McDame Post, a distance of about\n70 miles, is made by small flat-bottomed powered river-boats. From McDame Post a good\nwagon-road suitable for light motor-trucks extends up McDame creek from McDame Post to NORTH-WESTERN DISTRICT (No. 1). B 13\nwithin 3 miles of Centreville; from the end of this road a good pack-horse trail extends to\n\" Quartz City \" on Quartz creek, a total distance of about 32 miles.\nTo supply their trading-posts at Dease Landing, McDame Post, and Liard Post, the\nHudson's Bay Company operates a freighting service by tractor and trailer between Telegraph\nCreek and Dease lake. From thence down Dease lake, the Dease and Liard rivers, a boat of\n5 tons capacity is navigated by the Hope & Marion transportation system. The rates are\nas follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nPassengers (to McDame Post), $10 per passenger and 50 lb. of baggage (board yourself).\nFreight: Telegraph Creek to Dease Landing, 4 cents per pound; Dease Landing to\nMcDame Post, 3 cents per pound; Dease Landing to Liard Post, 6 cents per pound.\nThe time involved in travelling is: Wrangell to Telegraph Creek, from 2 to 3 days;\nTelegraph Creek to Wrangell, 1 day; Telegraph Creek to Dease Landing, 1 day (dependent\non road conditions) ; Dease Landing to McDame Post, 1 day; McDame Post to Liard Post,\n1 day.\nComing up the river from Liard Post the time involved is: Liard Post to McDame Post,\n2% days; McDame Post to Dease Landing, 2 days.\nTransportation up the Stikine river from Wrangell by the Barrington Transportation\nCompany begins about the middle of May; the time is, of course, dependent upon ice conditions.\nThe beginning of lake and river transportation from Dease Landing depends upon the freedom\nof Dease Lake from ice and the first trip is usually about the middle of June.\nSupplies can be purchased locally from the Hudson's Bay stores at Telegraph Creek, Dease\nLanding, McDame Post, and Liard Post.\nAt Dease Landing R. F. Latimer also conducts a well-supplied store and furnishes hotel\naccommodation. Hudson's Bay quotations for supplies are as follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nTelegraph Creek\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nFlour (100 lb.) $6.90\nBeans (per lb.) .11\nRice (per lb.) .08%\nFruits, dried (per lb.) (average) .20\nTobacco (tin) (about city prices) 1.80\nTea (per lb.) .50-.70\nCanned fruit (2-lb. cans) ,25-,35\nJams (4-lb. cans) .75-85\nBacon (per lb.) .45\nButter (canned) , .45\nGasoline (case) 6.50\nCoffee (per lb.) .55-.65\nLubricating-oil (gal.) (about) 1.75\nDried milk (per lb.) .50\nLard (per lb.) .25-.30\nBaking-powder (12 oz.) .25-35\nSyrup (5 lb.) .75\nSalt (per lb.) .07\nPepper (spices), two for .25\nSoap (cake or bar) .10\nTo these costs add, for Dease Landing, 4% cents per pound; for McDame Post, 8 cents\nper pound; for Liard Post, 11% cents per pound.\nThe Provincial Police established a post at McDame Post during 1935 in charge of\nConstable R. J. Meek. A radio broadcasting set is installed here and, in this isolated locality,\nis proving very useful. At Dease Landing an amateur broadcasting set is also operated by\nR. F. Latimer.\nThe area is situated in the dry belt of the Interior Plateaux country and has a rainfall\nof approximately 25 inches per annum. The snowfall is light and does not exceed an average\nof from 3 to 4 feet. Winter temperatures are low, with probably an extreme average of about\n20 degrees below zero, but the ground is not permanently frozen. No glaciers occur in the area.\nDuring the summer months comparatively high, but not excessive, temperatures prevail in the\ndaytime, but the nights are usually cool. B 14\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1935.\nu. K C'E i, 3 c\n0\u00C2\u00A9\u00C2\u00AE@\u00C2\u00AE@\u00C2\u00A9 NORTH-WESTERN DISTRICT (No. 1). B 15\nHardy vegetables can be cultivated to maturity and wild berries grow in abundance,\nespecially soap-olallie, saskatoon, and cranberry; the obnoxious devil's-cfub of the coastal areas\nis absent here. The lower valley-slopes support open woods of spruce up to about 18 inches\nin diameter, pine, balsam, larch, and birch, but the valley-bottoms contain alder and willow.\nMoose, mountain-goat, mountain-sheep, grouse, ducks, and geese thrive and are numerous,\nbut caribou, rabbits, and grizzly bear are few. Grayling, trout, whitefish, and pike are\nabundant in the Dease river and lakes. Mosquitoes and black-flies are very plentiful during\nthe summer months.\nThe area occupies part of an upland plateau varying in average elevation from 2,500 to\n4,000 feet. The bare peaks and ridges of the Cassiar mountain range rise above the plateau\nto altitudes which vary from approximately 5,000 to 7,000 feet in elevation. The area is\nsituated at the north-easterly margin of this range. Dissecting the plateau is the main\ndrainage system of the Dease river, flowing into the Liard river in a general north-easterly\ndirection. McDame creek is a major tributary of the Dease river and flows in a general west\nto east direction, draining an area of about 350 square miles. The elevation at the mouth,\nat McDame Post, is 2,420 feet above sea-level, and at Snow creek, about 25 miles up the creek\nfrom McDame Post, it is approximately 3,000 feet above sea-level, and the head of the main\nvalley is about 3,250 feet in elevation; this is at Lang lake in Machita pass, which leads to\nthe Cottonwood valley. The tributaries of Lang, Trout, and Quartz creeks drain an extensive\nsection north-westerly from the main valley.\nThe Dease River trough is a broad drift-filled valley, rock-outcrops being scarce along the\nstretch from Dease lake to McDame Post. The average gradient of the valley is low. McDame\nCreek valley is a deeply entrenched, partly drift-filled depression from a half to three-quarters\nof a mile wide in the lower section between McDame Post and Snow creek. Above Snow creek\nthe gradient of the stream flattens perceptibly and the valley broadens into a basin about 9 by\n9 miles in extent. The main tributaries, Lang creek, Trout creek, and Quartz creek, each in\nwell-defined valleys, flow into the north-westerly quadrant of this basin.\nPlacer gold was discovered in McDame creek in 1874 and up to 1895 the yield was\n$1,597,500 (?). Subsequent to that date placer-mining declined and only minor quantities of\ngold were produced. Although several lode claims were staked during the early period, only\nmeagre lode-prospecting and no lode-mining was done. In the British Columbia Minister of\nMines' Annual Report for 1931 placer operations are described in detail and the lode-gold\npossibilities of the area are indicated. In subsequent Annual Reports the eastern contact\nmargin of the Cassiar batholith has been recommended to prospectors as a favourable area\nfor the occurrence of lode-gold deposits.\nIn 1934 J. F. Callison visited the area from Fort Nelson and prospected the prominent\nzone of quartz veins in Quartz Creek canyon, from which occurrence this creek derives its name.\nThese veins are mentioned in the 1931 Annual Report. Callison discovered native gold in these\nand other quartz veins and subsequently prospected them. The news of these discoveries\nresulted in a small rush into the area in the autumn and winter of 1934 and by October,\n1935, about 350 claims had been staked. The discovery of sparsely distributed native gold on\nsome of these claims sustained and increased local interest. Many of these claims had been\nstaked for speculative purposes by agents of outside people. At the time of this examination\nin July about thirty men were in the section. Very little work had been done or was in progress\nother than general prospecting and small amounts of open-cutting and stripping on some of\nthe main showings. This limitation of work was mainly due to lack of funds and to the fact\nthat no powder was available in the section.\nThe McDame Creek trough extends easterly from the eastern contact of the Cassiar\nbatholith. Lang Lake, at the head of the main valley, is about 2 miles east from the contact.\nThe rocks of the lower and central sections are mainly of metamorphic and sedimentary\ncharacter and consist of brownish-coloured and thinly bedded shale and slate, greyish-coloured\nsandy argillite, quartzite, limestone, dolomite, calcareous schists, and some calcareous tuff-beds.\nArgillaceous and calcareous sediments, including some bedded tuffs, occur at the higher elevations encircling the headwaters basin-area of McDame creek. A complex of dense altered\nandesitic flow-rocks and an altered series of rocks that are probably intrusives underlie the\nlow-lying hillocked basin. The andesitic flows are greenish to grey-brown in colour, fine\ntextured and highly altered, carbonatization being the dominant feature of the alteration. The intrusives are of a granitic to a coarse diabasic texture, are altered to varying degrees\nand grade in composition from dacite to augite porphyry.\nAll the 1934 and 1935 discoveries of quartz veins have been made in the igneous rock-\ncomplex underlying the wide basin-area of the headwaters section of McDame creek. In this\nsection isolated quartz veins and zones of veins, sometimes of very appreciable width, commonly occur in the andesitic flows, dacite and augite porphyry. They occur chiefly in the\nandesitic flows and are apparently localized at or near the contacts of these with the dacite-\naugite porphyry complex.\nThe known vein systems may occupy three fairly parallel fracture-zones, each several\nhundred feet wide and about 2 miles apart and striking north-easterly. Intermittent quartz-\noutcrops of generally appreciable width and fair continuity occur, as well as smaller, isolated\nvein systems laterally to the main zones. The southerly vein system occurs in the locality\nof McDame lake. The central vein system outcrops about 3 miles up Snow creek on the\nSnow Creek group, crosses the Red Rock group in the canyon of Quartz creek at its confluence\nwith Trout creek, and probably continues as the vein system on the George and Paige groups\nto the south-west, a total distance of approximately 5 miles. The northerly vein system is\nexposed on the Hopeful group on the north side of Trout creek, on the Mac group about 1%\nmiles north-easterly, and on the Cornucopia group about 1 mile north-easterly of the Mac, a\ntotal distance of approximately 2% miles. The central vein system is probably the most\nextensive of the three series. The quartz occurs in the zones as lenses usually of fair length,\nappreciable width and frequency, and accompanied by numerous smaller connecting veins and\nstringers which branch in various attitudes from the main quartz-masses.\nMineralization is sparse in the quartz-outcrops and these are generally excessively leached.\nIn some cases honeycomb-structure and angular cavities indicate the pre-existence of sulphide\nminerals, and in a few instances of stripping and open-cutting a little pyrite and tetrahedrite\nhas been found in the veins. Small particles of native gold and a few occurrences of coarser\nspecks are seen, mainly in the honeycombed quartz of the smaller veins and especially where\nresidual limonite is present, indicating a previous association of gold and pyrite. Although\nsuch occurrences of native gold were seen in several outcrops, they are comparatively rare.\nBecause of the indication that gold values are or have been mainly associated with sulphide\nmineralization and because the unmineralized quartz is generally barren of values, the commercial importance of the quartz veins is mainly dependent upon the discovery and development\nof a gold-bearing sulphide mineralization sufficiently extensive to constitute ore-shoots.\nAvailable time did not permit examination of every quartz-exposure and claim-group in\nthe area. To exemplify the areal occurrence, however, the chief exposures and groups were\nexamined. Only exposures of mineralized quartz were sampled and where native gold was\nobserved it is mentioned.\nThis group of six claims and about seventeen adjoining claims is owned by\nSnow Creek. F. Crawford, of McDame Creek, and associates. The property is located\non the southerly slope of Snow mountain, about 2 miles up Snow creek on\nthe north side of McDame creek, and is reached by a trail connecting with the main McDame\nCreek trail.\nThe rocks of the locality constitute a complex of altered andesitic flows and altered,\nprobably intrusive, dacite. Alteration is more complete in the andesitic flows; however, in\nboth rock-types it is mainly carbonatization accompanied by the development of lesser amounts\nof epidote, chlorite, and kaolin.\nAt an elevation of 3,650 feet approximately parallel quartz veins traverse two belts of\nhighly carbonatized and oxidized andesitic flows respectively 160 feet and over 130 feet wide,\nwhich are separated by a band of a dense greenish mixture of andesitic flows and dacite that\nis 200 feet wide. These showings outcrop on the steep westerly bank of Snow creek, but have\nnot been traced to the heavily overburdened easterly bank. The upper belt, although the width\nis obscured by overburden, is probably over 130 feet wide. Six quartz veins about equally\nspaced, striking north-easterly and varying in width from 6 inches to 4 feet, occur in this belt.\nOwing to surface disturbance the actual dip is not clear, but it appears to be generally steeply\nsouth. A small amount of open-cutting and stripping has been done on these veins. The\nexposures are generally oxidized, but a small amount of pyrite was observed. On the dump\nfrom the upper vein a few specimens were seen showing some minute specks of gold associated ^\nColumbia Development Co., Spruce Creek, Atlin. Drag-line Scraper, Sluicing and Tailings-disposal Equipment.\nTwin John Mountain\u00E2\u0080\u0094looking South-east from Prout Plateau, Unuk River Area. R\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 \u00E2\u0096\u00A0... :\u00E2\u0096\u00A0'\u00E2\u0080\u00A2-\nJ with limonite. A sample of this vein across 2 feet exposed in a small cut assayed: Gold, trace;\nsilver, 1.5 oz. per ton. A sample across 4 feet of oxidized quartz, containing a small amount\nof pyrite, in the central vein of this belt assayed: Gold, trace; silver, trace. A sample of the\nlowest vein of this belt, 6 inches wide, showing oxidized quartz and some sericite in ribboned\nfractures, assayed: Gold, trace; silver, trace.\nAt an elevation of 3,775 feet on the top of the ridge, and about 500 feet south-westerly,\nthe probable continuation of this belt has been picked up in stripping and trenching across\nabout 150 feet. This work exposed five similar quartz veins from 30 inches to 6 feet wide,\nstriking from north 43 degrees east to north 53 degrees east and dipping vertically.\nIn the lower belt, about 160 feet wide, nine quartz veins 12 to 18 inches wide and\nseveral smaller quartz stringers are exposed in highly oxidized and carbonatized andesitic\nvolcanics. The veins in this belt strike approximately parallel to those in the upper belt.\nA sample from the upper vein in this belt across 18 inches of oxidized quartz, in which native\ngold was reported to have been found, assayed: Gold, trace; silver, trace.\nSeveral other quartz veins are reported to have been discovered on other claims of this\nproperty, but these were not examined.\nThis group of twelve claims is owned by Pete Hamlin, of McDame Creek,\nJumping Jack, and is located on the southerly slope of Snow mountain on the north bank\nof Snow creek, adjoining the Snow Creek group. At the time of examination\nno work had been done on these claims. The rocks are close to the contact of the igneous\ncomplex and include argillaceous sediments and bedded tuff that is somewhat schistose. At an\naltitude of 3,360 feet three parallel white quartz veins from 3 to approximately 5 feet in width\nare exposed by intermittent outcrops along a distance of about 120 feet. The attitude of these\nveins is not clear. No mineralization was observed in the veins and they are generally\nunoxidized.\nAbout 200 feet northerly from these exposures the discovery of three similar parallel\nquartz veins, about 3 feet in width, is reported. These were not examined.\nThis group of eight claims is located on the south side of McDame lake and\nCrawford. is owned by F. Crawford, of McDame Creek, and associates, who also own\ntwo adjacent blocks of four claims. The property is reached by a branch\ntrail from the main McDame Creek trail. The showings examined are in a flat area of about\n3,030 feet elevation on the Camp and Porcupine mineral claims, about half a mile south of the\neasterly end of McDame lake. The rock formation is an intrusive rock of granitic to coarse\ndiabasic texture. It is altered by carbonatization and by the development of epidote, chlorite,\nand kaolin, but may have originally possessed the composition of dacite.\nA white quartz vein 2 feet wide and about 30 feet long, striking north-easterly and dipping\n45 degrees north, is exposed on the south side of a small knoll. Its continuity is obscured by\noverburden. A few specks of gold up to about the size of rice and a little pyrite are seen in\nthe exposure. A selected sample from this exposure showing sparsely distributed pyrite and\noxidized material in somewhat honeycombed quartz assayed: Gold, 0.10 oz. per ton; silver,\ntrace. About 200 feet south-westerly from this exposure a well-defined white quartz vein\n20 inches wide, striking north-easterly and dipping 75 degrees south, is exposed in an open-cut\nand by natural outcrop for a length of approximately 45 feet. The easterly end of this\noccurrence is obscured by overburden, but the vein did not appear in the rock-outcrops at the\nwesterly end. No mineralization was seen in this vein. About 90 feet north of the most northeasterly exposure an open-cut uncovers a quartz vein 18 inches in width, striking north-easterly\nand dipping 75 degrees south. A possible continuation of this vein has been found at a place\nup about 100 feet to the south-west, where a quartz vein 9 inches in width, striking northeasterly and dipping 75 degrees south, outcrops. A few minute specks of gold were observed\nin dump specimens from this vein. At the westerly end of McDame lake, shallow open-cuts\nhave been excavated on several veins that range from 2 to 5 feet in width.\nThis group of three claims, owned by N. L. Callison, of Fort Nelson, is\nRocky Ridge, located on Trout creek about 1 % miles from its mouth. It is reached by\nbranch trail about 3 miles from Wing's cabin on the main McDame Creek\ntrail or by trail from the aeroplane-landing on McDame lake. The showings are on the south\nside of the deep canyon in the lower section of Trout creek. The rocks of the area are a highly\naltered complex of andesitic flows and probable intrusives of the dacite-augite porphyry\n5 B 18 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1935.\ncomplex. In the vicinity of the showings the rocks are extensively disturbed by shearing and\npossible faulting.\nAt an elevation of 3,200 feet, about 75 feet above the canyon-bottom, a trench and open-cut\nexpose a well-defined quartz vein 30 inches in width for about 30 feet. This vein, strike north\n18 degrees east and dip 60 degrees east, contains a little pyrite, chalcopyrite, and tetrahedrite.\nFine specks of native gold are reported to have been discovered in this exposure, but none were\nfound during the examination.\nIn the canyon-bottom at an elevation of 3,125 feet an open-cut has been driven into the\ncanyon-wall on an oxidized and sheared zone. This zone contains a shattered quartz-lens\nvarying from 2 to 3 feet in width and three oxidized stringers which are 8, 15, and 27 inches\nin width respectively. A sample from this open-cut across 3 feet of the oxidized material\ncontaining some pyrite assayed: Gold, trace; silver, trace. In a small oxidized quartz stringer\n1 to 2 inches in width, exposed for about 15 feet on the east side of this cut, fine specks of\nnative gold were seen. A composite sample from this oxidized stringer over a length of about\n15 feet assayed: Gold, 1.40 oz. per ton; silver, 0.4 oz. per ton.\nAlong the steep face of the canyon on the south side of Trout creek at a place about 600 feet\nsouth-easterly from the above showings a sheared quartz vein 2 feet wide and two oxidized\nquartz stringers 6 inches in width are exposed in a highly disturbed and oxidized belt of\nandesitic flow-rocks. These veins strike north-westerly and dip steeply south-westerly. Fine\nspecks of gold were seen in the oxidized material of the two 6-inch stringers. A sample\nrepresentative of the most westerly stringer across 6 inches assayed: Gold, 1.36 oz. per ton;\nsilver, 0.4 oz. per ton. The veins in this exposure occur above a pronounced fault striking\neast-west and dipping about 20 degrees south.\nThis group of seven claims, owned by N. L. Callison and associates, of Fort\nRed Rock. Nelson, is located in the canyon-area of the mouth of Quartz creek, about\n30 miles west of McDame Post, and is reached by the main road and trail\nup McDame creek. A complex of highly carbonatized andesitic flows and irregularly intruded\nmasses of altered dacite comprise the rocks of the locality. The showings consist of a remarkable belt of quartz veins and lenses outcropping to a height of 150 feet and across a width of\nabout 700 feet along both walls of the precipitous canyon at the mouth of Quartz creek. This\nis the exposure from which the creek derives its name. About 30 per cent, of the total width\nof this exposure is quartz, which in the lower section of about 200 feet constitutes 75 per cent,\nof the exposure. Bands of highly oxidized, sheared, and altered andesitic flows and altered\ndacite intrusives are exposed between the quartz lenses, veins, and stringers. Ribbon-\nstructures and slickensiding of the quartz indicate shearing movement in the zone subsequent\nto the deposition of the quartz. The zone frequently contains veins and lenses of solid quartz,\n5 to 15 feet in width, which are usually connected by cross-stringers. The zone strikes about\nnorth 73 degrees east and dips about 60 degrees south. The main quartz-structures are\nconformable to the attitude of the zone except on the lower or hanging-wall side near the\nconfluence of Quartz and Trout creeks. Here a possible major fault striking north-west has\ncaused pronounced distortion and reverse dips of the veins. This dislocation is also indicated\nin the absence of the expected continuity across Trout creek, about 500 feet to the south-west.\nMuch of the quartz is white, but iron-stained areas, small cavities, honeycombed quartz,\nand crevices are frequently seen. Sulphides are extremely scarce and occur only as occasional grains of pyrite and patches of tetrahedrite. Very fine gold can be panned from the\nfine oxidized talus at the foot of the canyon bluff. This may, however, be partly the result of\nhigh-water concentration by the creek. Fine gold can also be panned from oxidized faces,\nvugs, and crevices in some of the quartz veins along the base of the bluff. This may be partly\nthe result of accumulation of fine gold being gradually washed down the bluff-face and trapped\nin these locations. To obtain information pertaining to this possibility the following samples\nwere taken from a heavily iron-stained outcrop of ribbon-quartz 11 feet in width occurring at\nthe base of the bluff and stated to contain good values:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n(1.) Dense quartz lightly iron-stained: Gold, trace; silver, trace.\n(2.) Selected honeycomb quartz containing limonite: Gold, 0.44 oz. per ton; silver,\n12 oz. per ton.\n(3.) Selected gossan, iron oxide, and fine wash-sand scrapings from faces and crevices:\nGold, 0.30 oz. per ton; silver, 1.5 oz. per ton. NORTH-WESTERN DISTRICT (No. 1). B 19\nThese results, together with those of a preliminary panning, indicate at least some residual\nand gravitational gold accumulation (eluvial) in suitable traps.\nA selected sample from an isolated and rare patch showing blebs of grey copper in quartz\ntowards the central section of the zone assayed: Gold, 0.20 oz. per ton; silver, 80 oz. per ton.\nWith the exception of a few superficial cuts and general prospecting, no recent work has\nbeen done on this exposure. Several years ago, in the central part of the zone on the east side\nof the canyon and from a place 15 feet above the creek-bed, a short adit was driven in a\ndirection north 53 degrees east through solid quartz and occasional patches of rock. A little\npyrite was observed in this working.\nOn the upper or foot-wall side of the zone a sheared structure crosses the creek about\nmidway along D. Wing's hydraulic sluice-boxes. This is mineralized with quartz stringers\nand veinlets, some bands and patches of fine granular pyrite, and some disseminated acicular\ncrystals of arsenopyrite. A grab sample across about 15 feet of this structure, taken by the\nwriter in 1932 and reported in Bulletin No. 1, 1932, assayed: Gold, 0.10 oz. per ton; silver,\n0.10 oz. per ton; arsenic, 3.6 per cent. No work has been done on this'structure.\nThis group of eight claims is located at what is known as \" Quartz Centre,\"\nGeorge. which is between Trout and Lang creeks and about 3 miles from \" Quartz\n.City,\" or 2 miles from Trout creek. The property is owned by J. Nadeau and\nassociates, of Juneau, and is reached by trail from \" Quartz City.\" The hillocked and ridged\nlowland topography of McDame Creek basin, with small and shallow subsidiary creeks,\ncharacterizes the locality. A complex of medium-grained intrusive augite porphyry, altered,\ncarbonatized andesitic flows, and altered schistose sediments underlies the locality.\nThe main showings consist of a very extensive outcropping of white quartz veins and of\nlenticular masses near the northerly boundary between George No. 5 and George No. 6 claims.\nThe exposures occur between elevations of 3,410 and 3,470 feet on a comparatively level benched\narea of the gentle southerly slope of an east-west-striking ridge. The quartz-zone appears to\nstrike north 50 degrees east, diagonally across the ridge, but its approximate dip could not be\ndetermined. It occurs in a band of highly oxidized and carbonatized rocks about 600 feet wide\nthat lies between altered andesitic volcanics on the west and altered, medium-grained augite\nporphyry on the east. Approximately 50 per cent, of this 600-foot width consists of intermittent outcrops of quartz in the form of stringers, veins, and lenticular masses. In the\ncentral section of the zone close, intermittent quartz-outcrops at elevation 3,425 feet indicate\na width of about 100 feet of nearly continuous white quartz. On either side of this central\nsection several quartz veins from 3 to 10 feet wide may be traced by short intermittent outcrops\nfor distances varying from 20 to about 300 feet. These veins strike approximately parallel\nwith the zone and in one a dip of 50 degrees south was observed.\nSulphide mineralization is extremerly rare in these outcrops and where observed consists\nof specks and small blebs of pyrite. Occasional small jagged cavities indicate the pre-existence\nof sulphides. The outcrops are generally bleached white and show only small amounts of iron\noxide, rarely copper-carbonate stain, and in one open-cut across 10 feet a pronounced development of manganese oxide. At the time of examination two open-cuts had been excavated on\nthis showing.\nOn the George No. 1 and No. 2 claims, about 1,800 feet south-easterly from these showings,\ntwo open-cuts about 300 feet apart expose an iron-stained quartz vein 4 feet wide which contains\nsparse blebs of pyrite. No intermediate tracing has been done between these cuts, but their\nalignment indicates that they may be on the same vein. About 300 feet farther to the southeast a shallow open-cut and some stripping on a small knoll exposes a width of 12 to 15 feet\nof iron-stained quartz. A sample of this exposure assayed: Gold, trace; silver, trace. The\nformation in the vicinity of these showings is mainly coarsely crystalline augite porphyry.\nThis group of eight claims joins the George group on the south and is owned\nPaige. by J. Nadeau and associates, of Juneau. The main showings are about\n5,000 feet south-westerly from those on the George No. 5. The area is close\nto the contact of the igneous complex and the sedimentary series, and the rocks consist of\noxidized and altered andesitic flows associated with some bands of limy argillite, sandstone,\nshale, and schist. B 20 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1935.\nAt about elevation 3,400 feet, on the slope of a ridge, open-cutting and stripping exposes\na quartz vein for a length of 50 feet, its continuity being obscured by overburden. The vein\nis about 15 feet wide, strikes north 80 degrees east, and dips 60 degrees south. The outcrop\nis oxidized and shows only a little pyrite. About 100 feet south-westerly a quartz-outcrop 4 feet\nwide may possibly be aligned with this showing. Two similar outcrops about 50 feet southerly\nprobably belong to other veins.\nAbout 4,500 feet north-westerly from these showings much quartz float is seen in the bed\nof a shallow creek and beaver-dam lake, in a formation of sandstone and calcareous argillite.\nAdjacent to the lake two open-cuts and stripping expose a white quartz vein 5 feet wide, strike\nnorth 83 degrees east for a distance of 200 feet. No mineralization was observed in these\nexposures.\nThis group of eight claims is owned by P. McNamara and associates, of\nHopeful. Telegraph Creek. The property is located in the Trout Creek valley easterly\nfrom \" Quartz City \" and is reached by trail from the main McDame Creek\ntrail. The rocks of the locality are mainly altered augite porphyry and some irregularly\ndistributed carbonatized andesitic flows.\nThe main showings are located about 1 mile easterly of \" Quartz City \" at elevation 3,450\nfeet on the ridge-slope to the north side of Trout creek, extending from 180. to 500 feet from\nthe creek-bed. They consist of three main parallel quartz veins about 30 and 50 feet apart\nrespectively, striking south 87 degrees east and dipping about 70 degrees south. The northerly\nvein has been traced by natural outcrops and some stripping for a distance of about 350 feet.\nAn open-cut at elevation 3,425 feet at the easterly end exposes a 10-foot width of quartz\nsparsely mineralized with pyrite, siderite, ankerite, and some tetrahedrite. A sample from the\nbest mineralized section of this cut assayed: Gold, trace; silver, trace. The central vein can\nbe traced by intermittent outcrops showing iron oxidation and a little pyrite up to 5 feet wide\nfor about 400 feet. No work has been done on it.\nThe southerly vein is traced by stripping and intermittent outcrops for about 450 feet.\nNear the westerly end an open-cut on a small knoll exposes a width of 6.5 feet showing a few\nblebs of pyrite and some iron oxidation.\nSome isolated quartz-outcrops on either side of these veins and also on the north and south\nbanks of Trout creek indicate that additional veins occur in this locality.\nThis group of eight claims is owned by P. McNamara and associates, of\nMac. Telegraph Creek, and covers the easterly and westerly sides of Quartz creek\nin the vicinity of \" Quartz City.\" This locality is underlain by a complex\nof carbonatized, andesitic flows and dacite intrusives. On the Mac No. 1 claim, a short\ndistance north-westerly from \" Quartz City,\" a series of eleven approximately parallel veins\nand stringers outcrop across 300 feet of the south-westerly slope towards a small gulch. They\nvary in width from a few inches to 6 feet, strike east-west, and are usually vertical. A small\namount of open-cutting and stripping has been done on them. On the westerly side of the\ngulch an open-cut in the face of a steep bluff on the Mac No. 3 claim exposes a vein 3 feet wide\nwhich may be the westerly continuation of one of the structures about 400 feet to the east.\nWith the exception of some iron-stain and oxidized patches, no mineralization was observed\nin these exposures.\nOn the Mac No. 2 claim, about 350 feet northerly from the showings on the Mac No. 1 claim,\nan open-cut in the easterly bank of Quartz creek exposes a quartz stringer 2 inches wide which\nis adjacent to a granitic dyke. This stringer strikes north 68 degrees east, dips 50 degrees\nnorth, and contains pyrite, some arsenopyrite, and oxidation products. Small particles of\ngold were seen in samples reported to have been taken from this stringer. An assay representative of the mineralization exposed in the vein in this cut assayed: Gold, trace; silver, trace.\nTwo hundred and fifty feet easterly from this showing an open-cut has been excavated in the\neast bank of Quartz creek, exposing a quartz vein 12 inches wide, striking north 78 degrees\neast, dipping 70 degrees south, and fairly well mineralized with pyrite and some arsenopyrite.\nBoth walls adjacent to this vein are altered and slightly silicified and contain cubic crystals of\npyrite. A sample across 12 inches of well-mineralized vein exposed at the bottom of this cut\nassayed: Gold, 0.80 oz. per ton; silver, 0.6 oz. per ton. NORTH-WESTERN DISTRICT (No. 1). B 21\nThis property, owned by Phil Hankin and partner, is on the southerly slope\nKlondike of Sheep mountain, about 1 mile north-easterly from \" Quartz City.\" The\nFraction. rocks are mainly altered andesitic flows close to the contact with the sediments exposed at higher elevations. At an elevation of 3,680 feet an open-cut\n6 feet long exposes a quartz vein 30 inches wide striking north 73 degrees east and dipping\n80 degrees south, which is mineralized with a little pyrite, a few crystals of arsenopyrite, and\nan occasional bleb of a soft, grey, unidentified mineral. Thirty-two feet north-easterly from\nthis exposure an open-cut exposes an oxidized quartz vein 5 feet in width striking about east-\nwest and dipping 70 degrees south. Blebs of the soft, grey, unidentified mineral, cited as\noccurring in the previous cut, were noted and a speck of gold was observed in the oxidized\nquartz gangue. This vein is probably the continuation of the vein exposed at elevation 3,680\nfeet. Fifty feet north-westerly from this cut, surface-stripping exposes 5 feet of quartz and\nhighly oxidized material which may possibly represent a parallel vein.\nThis group of seven claims is owned by J. C. Simpson, of Telegraph Creek,\nCornucopia. and adjoins the Klondike Fraction on the west and the Mac group on the\nnorth-east. The rocks exposed include altered andesitic flows and some beds\nof tuff which strike north 50 degrees west and dip 70 degrees north-east. At the time of\nexamination no work had been done on these claims and only quartz-outcrops were observed.\nAbout a quarter of a mile north 50 degrees west from the Klondike showings a quartz\nvein outcrops for 25 feet along the southerly slope of a small knoll at elevation 3,660 feet.\nThe vein is well defined, from 12 to over 18 inches in width, and strikes about east-west and\ndips 85 degrees south. Westerly from this showing three other parallel veins varying from\n10 inches to 1 foot in width strike transversely across the ridge of this knoll.\nThese claims are owned by P. Hankin and partner, of Telegraph Creek, and\nSuperior and adjoin the Cornucopia group on the north-west. At the time of examination\nDawson. no work had been done on the property, but outcrops of several parallel\nquartz veins and stringers varying from a few inches to about 3 feet wide\nwere observed at an elevation of 3,800 feet striking transversely across the north-westerly\ncontinuation of the Klondike ridge.\nKean Creek Basin.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Kean creek has its source in a wide basin on the north-westerly slope\nof Sheep mountain. In this locality altered argillaceous sediments and tuff-beds are uncon-\nformably in contact with the igneous complex of McDame Creek basin. The sediments strike\nnorth 5 degrees east and dip 45 degrees west. At the head of the basin a coarse-grained\ngranitic dyke about 100 feet wide and striking east-west cuts the sediments, accompanied by\nsilicification of the contacts. At an altitude of 5,700 feet a band of oxidized quartz lenses,\nveins, and stringers about 40 feet wide cuts transversely through the dyke, but does not\ncontinue into the bordering sediments. The dyke material between the quartz is highly altered\nby carbonatization and oxidized. No mineralization was observed in these veins other than\niron oxide and carbonate.\nThese claims are owned by W. L. Hohensee and J. Sexsmith, of Telegraph\nGood Hope and Creek, and are located on a benched area of the south-easterly slope of\nBlackbird. Cariboo mountain, on the east side of Quartz creek, about 2 miles southeasterly of \" Quartz City.\" Highly carbonatized andesitic flow-rocks underlie\nthe locality. Two well-defined quartz veins, 30 feet apart and respectively 5 feet and over\n12 feet plus in width, are exposed in shallow open-cuts at an elevation of 3,700 feet. The veins\nare parallel, strike north 78 degrees east, dip 75 degrees south, and show typical iron-\noxidation products along fractures and in cavities and small amounts of pyrite. The veins\nhave been traced for about 100 feet by outcrops and stripping.\nThese adjoining groups of eight claims each are owned by J. Nadeau and\nMartin and associates, of Juneau, and are in the basin on the easterly slope of Caribou\nCouncil. mountain, about 5 miles north-west of \" Quartz City.\" The rocks are altered\nargillaceous sediments and bedded andesitic tuffs associated with some\naltered, carbonatized andesitic flows, along the contact of the sedimentary series of the higher\nelevations and the igneous complex of McDame Creek basin. At the time of examination no\nwork had been done on these claims. At an altitude of 4,700 feet a quartz vein 3 feet wide\noutcrops in a bluff in mixed sediments and andesitic flow-rocks. This vein strikes north\n73 degrees east and is traced for 100 feet up the bluff-face, where it terminates in comparatively unaltered andesitic rocks. Some iron oxide and a little pyrite was observed in the quartz.\nOutcropping adjacent to this is a quartz-lens 5 feet wide and 15 feet long.\nDease Lake Area.\nThis group of eight claims, and two additional claims staked in 1935, is\nDalvenie. owned by the Dalvenie Syndicate, of Victoria. It is situated on the easterly\nslope of a prominent unnamed mountain (\" Dalvenie \") rising above the\nplateau to an altitude of 6,000 feet on the divide between Gnat creek, a tributary of the upper\nTanzilla river, and Ptarmigan creek, a tributary of the upper Stikine river. The group is\nabout 22 miles in a direction south 12 degrees east from Dease Landing at the head of Dease\nlake. The property is reached by following the Tanzilla trail for about 2 miles from the\nTelegraph Creek-Dease Lake road to the Tanzilla river. At this point the Tanzilla river is\ncrossed and, as there is no trail, the most unobstructed route is taken across country through\na lightly timbered and extensively burnt-over rolling plateau which gradually rises to the\nslope of \" Dalvenie \" mountain. The mineral deposit was first staked in 1899 as the Big Chief\ngroup by Joseph Clearihue and has been restaked several times since, most recently by the\nDalvenie Syndicate.\nThe rolling lowlands of the plateau are extensively covered by deep glacial drift and rock-\noutcrops are scarce. Rising about 3,000 feet above the plateau-level, \" Dalvenie \" mountain,\nabout 4 miles long and 2 miles wide, forms an outstanding feature of the topography. The\nprominent form of this mountain is composed of a boss of gabbro varying in texture from fine\nto coarsely holocrystalline and from fine to coarsely porphyritic. This intrudes slates and\nquartzites. About 5 miles westerly from the north-easterly-striking axis of \" Dalvenie \"\nmountain there is a parallel mountain of about 6,000 feet elevation which is composed of\noxidized limy slate and limestone. Several thin remnants of pyritic quartzite roof-rocks, in\nplaces hybridized by partial digestion in the intrusive, are preserved along the easterly slope\nof \" Dalvenie \" mountain. These are generally characterized by rusty outcrops. Along the\nlower elevations of the easterly slope the slate roof-rocks are more common.\nThe mineral deposit consists of a replacement-zone with an indicated width of 20 to 34\nfeet traced for 1,200 feet by thirteen shallow open-cuts and one pit 3 feet deep on the Dalvenie\nNo. 3 claim. The zone strikes north 10 degrees east between an elevation of 5,075 feet at the\nsoutherly end and 5,100 feet at the northerly end; the dip could not be determined definitely.\nIn places the zone contains horses and tongues of barren or sparsely replaced gabbro and\nquartzite. The zone occupies the upper horizon of the gabbro boss, mineralization occurring\nin both the gabbro and the hybrid slate, but apparently not extending into sections roofed by\nquartzite. The northerly 600 feet of the zone is marked by a depression about 30 feet wide in\nwhich short cuts have been driven into the west rim, exposing heavily oxidized material. The\nmost extensive work has been done along about 500 feet of the southerly end of the zone in\ngently sloping and swampy ground. All exposures are extensively oxidized, but in the deeper\ncuts there is considerable pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and arsenopyrite in a gangue of\naltered rock, quartz, and some barite.\nIn a cut, 40 feet long, transversely across the west side of the zone at its southerly end,\na sample of unoxidized sections mineralized with pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and arsenopyrite, with quartz and barite gangue, assayed: Gold, trace; silver, trace; copper, 0.3 per cent.;\narsenic, 2.3 per cent. At the north end of this cut a compass-deflection of 62 degrees east was\nobserved. In an open-cut 22 feet east from the south end of this cut, a sample across 15 feet\nof the east side of the zone assayed: Gold, trace; silver, trace; copper, 0.3 per cent.; arsenic,\n2.1 per cent. A sample across 22 feet of the easterly side of the zone exposed in an open-cut\nmidway along the zone at an elevation of 5,100 feet assayed: Gold, trace; silver, trace; copper,\n1.7 per cent.; arsenic, 2 per cent.\nAbout 2,500 feet north 8 degrees east from the cuts on the Dalvenie No. 3, a possible\ncontinuation of the zone has been exposed on the New Deal No. 1 claim adjoining the Dalvenie\nNo. 6 on the north. Here, at an elevation of 5,000 feet, a cut 10 feet long exposes heavily\noxidized material and honeycomb quartz with some patches of pyrite. A selected sample of\npyrite in this cut assayed: Gold, 0.02 oz. per ton; silver, trace. SILVER-LEAD-ZINC DEPOSITS.\nStewart-Portland Canal Area.\nThis company was incorporated in 1909 with a capitalization of 1,000,000\nGlacier Creek shares of 50 cents par value, all of which are reported as issued. R. Stewart,\nMining Co., Ltd. of Victoria, is managing director and the registered address is 101 Pemberton\nBuilding, Victoria. The property consists of the Nellie V., Riverside, Last\nChance, Lucky Boy, Lulu, and Victory Crown-granted claims adjoining the Dunwell on the\nsouth and situated on the north side of Glacier creek, about 4 miles by road from Stewart.\nThe property was inactive until 1934, when the crosscut was continued for about 200 feet to\nthe intersection of a vein at 795 feet from the portal. Drifting on this vein was carried out\nin the early spring of 1935 and ceased in May.\nThe deposit, consisting of quartz veins sparingly mineralized with pyrite, galena, and\nsphalerite occurs in argillaceous sediments of the Lower Hazelton (Bitter Creek Series)\ngroup. The area embraces part of the westerly limb of an open anticlinal structure. The\nveins occupy shears striking north-westerly and dipping from about 30 degrees to 60 degrees\nsouth-westerly and are partly conformable to the attitude of the formation. They are\nbrecciated and contain unaltered fragments of the argillite wall-rock. With the exception\nof one vein occurring on the Lucky Boy at elevation 600 feet, all the known veins on this\nproperty occur between two major faults which strike north and dip west and constitute what\nis known as the \" Portland Canal Fissure Zone.\" The structural difference between the veins\non this property and those on the adjoining Dunwell is that, if projected, they will intersect\nthe hanging-wall of the east fault, whereas the Dunwell veins will intersect the foot-wall of\nthe west fault. This difference may have influenced the process of mineralization. The\nprojection of the Lucky Boy vein will intersect the hanging-wall of the west fault. Another\nfactor which possibly affected mineralization is the location of the Glacier Creek veins in a\nhigher horizon than the southerly-plunging Ben Ali stock in which the Dunwell veins occur.\nExposures of the veins in the adits show no evidence of oxidation, leaching, or secondary\nenrichment; because of the small amount of back above the adit it is not probable that this\ncondition would alter, towards the surface.\nA feature of the area is the number of more or less parallel quartz veins varying from a\nfew inches to several feet in width. Where exposed on surface and in the underground\nworkings they contain very little mineral. The best mineralization observed on the property\nis exposed in the main adit, elevation approximately 1,000 feet, along the 1935 north and\nsouth drifts.\nA sample taken across 12 feet of the vein as exposed in a crosscut from the north drift\nand about 60 feet from the main adit assayed: Gold, 0.08 oz. per ton; silver, 1 oz. per ton;\nlead, nil; zinc, 4 per cent. A selected sample of the best mineralization exposed in the north\ndrift in bands and stringers of pyrite with some galena and sphalerite assayed: Gold, 0.20 oz.\nper ton; silver, 5.6 oz. per ton; lead, 4 per cent.; zinc, 4 per cent. A sample of the muck\nfrom the face of the south drift assayed: Gold, trace; silver, 0.30 oz. per ton; lead, nil; zinc,\ntrace. A selected sample of the best mineralization showing in the south drift in pyritized\nargillite and quartz stringers assayed: Gold, 0.06 oz. per ton; silver, 0.08 per ton; lead, nil;\nzinc, 2 per cent.\nIn the Little Wonder adit (Victory mineral claim) at about elevation 940 feet a lens of\ngood mineralization about 15 feet long and from 2 to 18 inches wide occurs in a small stope\nabove the adit. A representative sample of this assayed: Gold, 1.84 oz. per ton; silver, 4 oz.\nper ton; lead, 5 per cent.; zinc, 6 per cent. Another lens of fair mineralization about 10\ninches wide and 30 feet long occurs in the floor of this adit about 60 feet from the face.\nA composite sample of this lens assayed: Gold, 0.28 oz. per ton; silver, 4.6 oz. per ton; lead,\n6 per cent.; zinc, 8 per cent.\n(See Annual Reports for 1930 and 1932 and Geological Survey of Canada\nVirginia K. and Summary Report, 1931, Part A, under Excelsior Prospecting Syndicate.)\nVirginia K. The property, consisting of eleven claims and eight fractions, is situated\nExtension. near the head of American creek on the east side, about 25 miles from\nStewart. The claims are reached by the Bear River motor-road for 14\nmiles to American creek and thence by trail along the west side of the creek and across the B 24 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1935.\nglacier to the camp-site at altitude 2,300 feet. A horse could be used over this trail for about\nthe first 9 miles. The ground covered by the claims on the west side of American creek\nextends from the valley-bottom at elevation 1,550 feet to the crest of the glacier at almost\n4,500 feet. On the east side the Virgina K. claim extends from the valley to about an altitude\nof 3,800 feet.\nThe formation in this area consists of argillites, sandy argillites, sandstone, conglomerates,\ntuffs, and breccias, gently folded and occurring near the boundary between the underlying\nBitter Creek and the overlying Bear River series. Where the formation has not been subjected\nto acute folding it has a general easterly dip of from 15 to 20 degrees. The sedimentaries in\nthis section are generally gently, in some places acutely, folded and are intruded by tongues\nof a porphyritic andesite lava.\nThree types of ore deposit are represented: (1) Replacement shear-zone in argillite;\n(2) bed-veins between interbedded sandstone, sandy argillite, and tuffs occurring near the\ntop of the Bitter Creek series; (3) fracture-zone consisting of quartz veins and veinlets in\nreticulated structure.\nOn the replacement-zone on Virginia K. No. 3 eight open-cuts have been excavated between\nelevations 3,500 and 3,740 feet, along a distance of about 1,000 feet. The zone strikes north\n81 degrees east and dips 77 degrees north, with widths exposed in the cuts of from 10 to over\n20 feet of severely crushed, decomposed, and highly manganiferous vein-matter. In places\nappreciable horses of rock occur in the structure. In some of the cuts seams of unoxidized\nore in a quartz gangue carrying a mineralization of galena, sphalerite, and pyrite can be seen.\nAs sampling of the oxidized portions of the structure would give no information regarding\nvalues that might be contained in the sulphide ore, this was not sampled. However, representative samples of the exposed unoxidized ore were taken, and assayed as follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nNo. 1 cut: Gold, trace; silver, 3 oz. per ton; lead, nil; zinc, 4.1 per cent.\nNo. 4 cut, elevation 3,640 feet: Gold, trace; silver, 2 oz. per ton; lead, nil; zinc, 11.8\nper cent.\nSlightly westerly of the replacement-zone on Virginia K. No. 5, open-cuts have been\nexcavated on bed-veins, exposing widths of from 3 to 4 feet of highly oxidized vein-matter\nstriking north 19 degrees west and dipping about 15 degrees east, conformable to the formation.\nIt would seem fairly certain that these structures do not represent, as they were formerly\nthought to, the continuation of the replacement-zone, but are entirely unassociated from this\nstructure. They occur in what appears to be a gradation of sedimentary and tuffaceous rocks\non the border between the Bitter Creek and Bear River series.\nNear the south-east corner of Virginia K. Extension No. 2 some work has been done on a\nfracture-zone or small stockwork about 20 feet in width occurring in tuff. This consists of\nquartz stringers from % to 1 inch in width, fairly well mineralized with pyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, and some sphalerite.\nUnder the names of B.L.K., Bryant, Dundee, and Virginia K., this group was staked in\n1929 on discoveries made by D. D. Kimball. Late in the same year the Excelsior Prospecting\nSyndicate was formed in Stewart, which, it is understood, was capitalized for $150,000,\ndivided into units of $10 par value.\nCOPPER DEPOSITS.\nAlice Arm Area.\nThis group consists of the Velvet and Velvet No. 1 claims and the Velvet\nVelvet. Fraction and is owned by D. A. McPhail, Alice Arm. The claims comprise\nthe restaking of the old Ouray and Victoria claims and Bertha Fraction.\nThe property, referred to in the Annual Reports for the years 1916, 1918, and 1926, adjoins\nthe west side of the Wolf property, about 1 mile north of Evidsen creek and 1,500 feet west\nof the Kitsault valley. A good trail extends from the main trunk trail in the Kitsault River\nvalley at elevation 1,300 feet to the cabin at elevation 2,000 feet.\nThe original workings are on the crest of a small rise in the general slope of the hill.\nThe surface is largely covered with overburden and rock-exposures are scarce. The rocks\nof the area include tuffaceous sediments and andesitic fragmental and flow rocks of the\nKitsault River and Dolly Varden formations (Hazelton group). The mineral deposit consists of a replacement-zone about 70 feet wide striking north 27 degrees west and dipping 50 degrees\nnorth-easterly with the slope of the hill. The hanging-wall of this zone is adjacent to the\nwesterly boundary of Wolf No. 3 claim and outcrops along the brow of a benched area which\nslopes towards the Kitsault river. Its projection along the dip would extend into the Wolf\nNo. 3 claim within a comparatively short distance. Along the brow of this bench are several\nold open-cuts in which highly oxidized siliceous replacement material containing pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena is exposed. The new workings consist of a short adit on the\nhanging-wall side at an elevation of 1,900 feet and about 300 feet south-easterly from the cabin.\nSeveral extensive open-cuts have also been excavated on the foot-wall side of the zone on the\nflat benched area behind the cabin. These expose heavily oxidized material on the surface,\nand where this has been penetrated the replacement-quartz is well mineralized with pyrite,\nsome chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena across widths ranging from 10 to 15 feet. At an\nelevation of 2,000 feet and 50 feet in a direction south 30 degrees west from the cabin an open-\ncut on the foot-wall side of the zone exposes a width of 15 feet of replacement-quartz mineralized with pyrite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite. A sample across 56 inches of the best mineralization in this exposure assayed: Gold, 0.05 oz. per ton; silver, 0.8 oz. per ton; copper, 0.3 per\ncent.; lead, nil; zinc, trace. About 145 feet in direction south 15 degrees east from the cabin\nan open-cut at an elevation of 1,960 feet exposes a width of 15 feet of oxidized replacement-\nquartz containing some barite and disseminated pyrite.\nAbout 190 feet south from the cabin an open-cut at an elevation of 2,000 feet exposes an\noxidized cross-fracture containing some pyrite and galena. This is again intersected about\n65 feet farther south in an open-cut and adit 30 feet long at an elevation of 1,950 feet.\nPROGRESS NOTES.\nLode-gold Deposits.\nCoast Area.\nSurf Inlet Consolidated Gold Mines, Ltd. (formerly Princess Royal Gold Mines, Ltd.).\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nIn January stockholders of Princess Royal Gold Mines, Limited, ratified a change in the\ncompany's name to Surf Inlet Consolidated Gold Mines, Limited. Shares were exchanged on\nthe basis of one Surf Inlet Consolidated for three Princess Royal. For general information\nregarding this operation see Annual Report for 1934. In May, 1935, a crew of three was\nworking at the beach camp and twenty-eight at the mine. A small mill, treating about 25 tons\nper day, had been installed and was operating intermittently as ore-supply allowed. Underground work was continuing in the old Pugsley mine on the 1,000-foot level, and the incline\nshaft from the 900-foot adit-level had been pumped out and exploration carried out mainly\nby crosscutting west through the \" Big \" (or east) vein to its hanging-wall and drifting north\nand south on the hanging-wall side.\nThe south drift had advanced about 140 feet. A crosscut (No. 3 west) off the south drift\nprojected to intersect the \" Small \" (or west) vein had passed through the hanging-wall of the\n\" Big \" vein.\nNo. 1 north drift in the central section of the \" Big \" vein had also been extended south\nabout 40 feet. Side-swiping had been carried out at the face.\nSurf Point.\u00E2\u0080\u0094This property is fully described in former Annual Reports covering operations to the end of 1934, together with a detailed report and map of the workings in 1934.\nIn 1935, operations were continued by the N. A. Timmins Corporation in the workings on\nthe Trixie and the Western Hope claims.\nRedbird.\u00E2\u0080\u0094This claim is owned by J. H. Jones, of Porcher island, and is situated adjacent\nto the Edye Pass group and Surf Point on the north. The topography of the area is described\nin the 1934 Annual Report in connection with the Surf Point mine and the geology and\ncharacter of mineralization is similar to that described for the Edye Pass group. Further\nopen-cutting and trenching was done on this vein during 1935, thereby extending the continuity\nto elevation 215 feet for a total length of about 400 feet. About 250 feet from the eastern\nextremity of the exposure a cross-vein from 6 to 14 inches in width, striking north 4 degrees\neast and dipping 70 degrees west, has been uncovered by stripping and open-cutting. B 26 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1935.\nLa Porte.\u00E2\u0080\u0094A group of seven claims on the east side of the Ecstall river is owned by\nP. LaPorte and partner, of Prince Rupert. Surface exploration, consisting of open-cutting\nand stripping, was continued during the season.\nEagle.\u00E2\u0080\u0094J. Dawson, owner of this claim, adjoining the Surf Point on Porcher island, did\nfurther open-cutting and stripping.\nCumsheiva.\u00E2\u0080\u0094This group, owned by E. C. Stevens, is situated on Cumshewa inlet on the\neast coast of Moresby island. Open-cutting and stripping was done this year.\nHastings Arm Area.\nMastodon.\u00E2\u0080\u0094This group, owned by Carl Ecklund and associates, of Anyox, is situated on\nthe east side of Hastings arm about 12 miles northerly from Anyox. Open-cutting and\nstripping showed the siliceous replacement-zone to extend south-easterly above Granite creek\n(Annual Report, 1934).\nAlice Arm Section.\nGold Leaf.\u00E2\u0080\u0094This group, owned by Oscar Flint and associates, of Alice Arm, is situated\non the west side of the head of Kitsault River valley. Open-cutting and stripping were\ncontinued on this property.\nBear River Area, Portland Canal.\nLucky Date.\u00E2\u0080\u0094J. Hepson, owner of this group at the head of the North fork of Bitter\ncreek, continued work in the adit.\nMayflower.\u00E2\u0080\u0094(See Annual Reports of Minister of Mines, 1918, 1922, 1925, 1928, 1930, and\nGeological Survey of Canada Memoir No. 159.) This group of eight claims, situated on the\neast side of the Bear river, is reached by a good trail about half a mile long commencing at\na point about 6 miles by road from Stewart. In former years open-cuts and adits were\nexcavated on showings in proximity to the cabin. In recent years a new discovery was made\nin an open-cut at elevation of 800 feet in a creek-draw several hundred feet south of the above\nwork. In the late autumn further exploration of the property was taken over by Clay Porter,\nof Hyder, and underground operations commenced.\nDunwell Mines, Ltd.\u00E2\u0080\u0094The head office of this company is at 101 Pemberton Building,\nVictoria, and the property is on the east side of Bear River valley, about 4 miles from Stewart\n(see 1934 Annual Report). The company operated the property during January and\nFebruary and May and June. Lessees commenced operations in August with a crew of fifteen\nmen. In September the mill was treating 20 tons of Dunwell ore per day, and Ben Alt ore,\nabout 30 tons. Stoping on the Dunwell was done chiefly above No. 3 sub-level. Three men\nmined the Ben Ali claim of the Dunwell Company under contract. Due to contingencies of\nweather conditions, operations ceased in the late autumn, but at the year-end a deal is reported\nto have been consummated for continuance of the operation in 1936 by a new group of lessees\nunder the supervision of N. E. Nelson, formerly with the Granby Consolidated Company at\nAnyox.\nRuth and Francis.\u00E2\u0080\u0094This group of eight claims, owned by James Nesbitt and associates, of\nStewart, is located on the north side of Glacier creek, about 4 miles from the Dunwell camp\non the Bear River road. The main showing outcrops in the steep and bluff-walled bed of the\ncreek and has been explored by two adits. The upper one, at elevation 3,500 feet, is about\n60 feet long. In recent years considerable open-cutting and stripping has been carried out\non a shear-zone 4 to 10 feet wide occurring about 1,000 feet easterly of the old showings. This\nzone has been traced between elevations of 3,700 and 4,400 feet along a horizontal distance of\nabout 300 feet by a series of open-cuts and two short adits.\nSalmon River Area, Portland Canal.\nPremier Gold Mining Co., Ltd.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 (See former Annual Reports.) Under date of May 23rd,\n1935, an agreement was reached between the Premier Gold Mining Company and the Selukwe\nCompany, controlling B.C. Silver and Sebakew Mines adjoining the Premier holdings, wherein\na new company, to be known as Silbak Premier Mines, Limited, will operate the properties of\nthe three companies. The authorized capital of the new company is 3,000,000 shares of a\npar value of $1 each, of which 2,200,000 shares will be issued for properties (1,100,000 shares\nto Premier) and 300,000 shares will be subscribed in cash at par to provide working capital, NORTH-WESTERN DISTRICT (No. 1). B 27\nPremier and Selukwe Gold Mining and Finance Company, Limited, each subscribing one-half\nof this amount. Premier will receive the net proceeds of all ore mined from its present\nproperties during the period ending May 15th, 1937.\nIn accordance with the terms of the new agreement, the Premier Company commenced\ndevelopment of the B.C. Silver in October, 1935, extending Premier mine levels into B.C.\nSilver ground and diamond-drilling. At the close of the year Premier had completed in this\nground 336 feet of drifting and crosscutting and 1,677 feet of diamond-drilling.\nUpon completion of the new Diesel power plant to replace the one destroyed by fire,\nnormal milling operations were resumed on March 9th.\nDevelopment-work and stoping in the Premier mine was largely concentrated during the\nyear on small parallel occurrences on the foot-wall of the main ore-body; 149,672 tons of ore\nwas mined. An average of 303 men were employed.\nBig Missouri.\u00E2\u0080\u0094The Big Missouri property is owned and operated by the Buena Vista\nMining Company, in which the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada holds\na 60-per-cent. interest. The property is on the east side of the Salmon glacier and distant\n18 miles by road from Stewart (see Annual Report for 1934). Present operations consist of\ndrifting and crosscutting on the 3,000-foot sub-level, diamond-drilling on the 2,850 (Province)\nlevel, and drifting south on the 2,300 (Day) level to the projected position of the raking\nore-shoot indicated on the 2,850 and 3,000 levels. Diamond-drilling, raising, and sub-levelling\nbetween the Day and Province levels is also being carried out. A crew of forty-five men was\nemployed.\nSalmon Gold.\u00E2\u0080\u0094This group is owned by Salmon Gold Mines, Limited, and under option .\nto Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited. It is situated on the\nwest side of Summit lake, about 8 miles by trail beyond the Big Missouri. Diamond-drilling\nwas continued during the season.\nUnuk River Area.\nMackay Syndicate.\u00E2\u0080\u0094The Unuk and Barbara groups, owned by this syndicate in the\nKetchum Creek area, Unuk river, were optioned to Premier Gold Mining Company, Limited,\nand development-work continued with a crew of twelve men. The work consisted of diamond-\ndrilling, open-cutting, and general prospecting.\nUnuk Valley Gold Syndicate.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Premier interests control the Vera D., Pawn, and S.K.\ngroups adjoining the Unuk group on the north. About twenty open-cuts were made during the\nseason.\nTaku River Area.\nWhitewater.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 (See Annual Reports for 1929 to 1933, also Bulletin No. 1, 1930; Bulletin\nNo. 2, 1932; and Geological Survey of Canada Summary Report, 1930, Part A.) This group,\nowned by Art. Hedman, Ray Walker, Ray Rice, and associates, of Juneau, was worked during\nthe year by E. C. Congdon and associates, of Duluth, and 1,000 feet of drifting, crosscutting,\nand side-swiping was done, mainly from the adit started by the Alaska Juneau Gold Mining\nCompany to investigate the faulting indicated on the surface. During the season eleven men\nwere employed.\nPlacer-gold Deposits.\nQueen Charlotte Islands.\nSeveral individuals worked on the beach black sands on the east coast of Graham island\nand recovered small quantities of fine gold.\nTerry Consolidated.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Testing operations on nine leases owned by this company at Cape\nFife were done under the direction of N. Terry. A crew of nine men was employed.\nStikine River Area.\nBarrington.\u00E2\u0080\u0094E. J. Brown, under a leasing agreement, worked this drag-line scraper\noperation. Two men were employed and 219 oz. of gold was recovered.\nLittle Muddy River Area.\nAbout nineteen individuals, engaged in about ten operations, were active in the Gold Pan\nCreek-Little Muddy River areas. B 28 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1935.\nDease Lake Area.\nKeystone-drilling was done at the mouth of Dease creek by a San Francisco syndicate.\nFive individuals also operated on the creek.\nSeveral individuals were \" sniping \" on Thibert creek and making wages.\nGibson Hydraulic Association.\u00E2\u0080\u0094A crew of seven men carried out work preparatory to\nthe commencement of hydraulicking in 1936.\nAtlin Area.\nThe main operations in the Atlin area are on the O'Donnel river, Bull, Wilson, McKee,\nSpruce, Pine, Birch, Boulder, Ruby, Cracker, Otter, and Wright creeks. A constructive\ndevelopment on Spruce creek has been the reopening of old drift-workings by individuals\nworking on \" lays.\"\nOld McCloskey Drift.\u00E2\u0080\u0094C. Lykkergard and one man were tramming dirt 1,050 feet from\na new face behind the old workings. This face was along the edge of the old pay-channel\nand about 550 feet into the hill from the left bank of Spruce creek. They were drifting\nnearly parallel to Spruce creek in a direction of south 77 degrees east.\nSome sections of remarkably rich ground were encountered in the central section of Spruce\ncreek below its confluence with Dominion creek.\nColumbia Development Co.\u00E2\u0080\u0094A feature of this operation in the central section of Spruce\ncreek is the installation of a novel mobile sluicing plant designed by D. Eastman and J. Walsh\n(see illustration). The plant has operated efficiently and a similar one has been completed\non additional ground, on the lower section of the creek, acquired during the year. A crew of\nfifteen men was employed.\nCompagnie Francaise des Mines d'or du Canada.\u00E2\u0080\u0094This company ceased operations and\nlessees took over the operation. Drifting operations have been on the main bed-rock channel\nand one about 20 feet higher. The bed-rock channel is sinuous and the pay-streaks apparently\nconform to the straight stretches and the inner sides of the bends.\nTatshenshini River Area.\nSquaw Creek.\u00E2\u0080\u0094About forty-five whites and Indians are reported to have worked on\nSquaw creek during the season. The majority were engaged in individual or small partnership\noperations.\nSilver-Lead-Zinc Deposits.\nBear River Area, Portland Canal.\nUnited Empire Gold and Silver Mines, Ltd.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Reports and references to this property are\ncontained in the Minister of Mines' Annual Reports for the years 1924, 1925, 1928, 1929, 1930,\n1933, and 1934. The property is also described in Geological Survey of Canada Memoir No.\n159, 1929. Subsequent to the work described in the 1934 Annual Report, about 1,235 feet of\ndiamond-drilling was done and some further exploratory drifting, with some crosscutting, in\nthe east and west drifts, which lead from the main crosscut. The west drift-workings driven\nfrom the main crosscut adit comprise a total of about 1,071 feet. For a few days previous to\nthe time of examination (September 22nd to 24th) two or three men had been engaged in\ncleaning out old surface cuts and the underground workings. The surface exposures have\nbeen described in former reports.\nPalmey.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 (See Annual Reports of Minister of Mines for 1930 and 1931.) This group\nconsists of twelve claims owned by W. Tooth, of Stewart, and adjoins the Dalhousie and\nInternational groups on the south and south-west and the M.C. group on the north. The\nproperty is situated on the easterly slope of Mount Bunting of the Bear River ridge, about 7\nmiles from Stewart, and is reached by a trail from the Bear River road. Recent work consists\nof further tracing by open-cutting. Exploration was also carried out at higher altitudes.\nIda.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 (See Annual Reports for 1919, 1922 to 1928, and Geological Survey Memoirs 159\nand 175.) This group comprises the L. and L. Fraction, L. and L. No. 1, Columbia, and\nSunshine Crown-granted mineral claims, which were part of the old L. and L. Consolidated\nMines, Limited, and were acquired by purchase for taxes by L. H. Davidson, of Stewart.\nThe property is situated at the head of the North fork of Glacier creek. The work in 1935\nconsisted of stoping in the floor of No. 2 adit, elevation 3,440 feet, for a distance of about 60 feet from the portal. At an elevation of 3,425 feet, about 50 feet northerly from the portal\nof No. 2 adit, a drift 21 feet long was driven on the vein.\nNorthwestern Aerial Prospectors, Ltd.\u00E2\u0080\u0094This company owns a group of some fifteen\nclaims on the west side of American creek near its headwaters, about 26 miles from the town\nof Stewart. The area is reached by trail from the end of the Bear River road at American\ncreek. The main showings on the Moonlight claim are described in the Annual Reports for\n1930, 1931, and 1932. During 1935 some stripping and open-cutting was done on a quartz\nstringer on the Moonlight claim at an elevation of 3,000 feet on a ridge in the valley of\nAmerican creek.\nSalmon River Area.\nSpider.\u00E2\u0080\u0094This group, owned by B.C. Bonanza Mines, Limited, is situated on the east side\nof Cascade creek, a mile north of Long lake or about 2% miles northerly from the Big\nMissouri. O. McFadden and partner, lessees, carried out open-cutting and stoping and\nshipped 3.85 tons of selected ore to Tacoma.\nAlice Arm Area.\nEsperanza Mines, Ltd. (N.P.L.).\u00E2\u0080\u0094 (See former Annual Reports and also the Geological\nSurvey of Canada reports covering this area.) During 1935 the \" Alice \" adit, elevation 1,730\nfeet, was continued towards the intersection of the \" Alice \" vein-outcrop. A small-tonnage\nmill was erected late in the year. A single-line tramway, about 1,200 feet long, was also\nconstructed from the portal of No. 4 adit to the mill. In preparation for mining, the 36-42-\nhorse-power semi-Diesel engine and a 2 by 120 Gardner-Denver compressor were moved from\nNo. 9 adit to the portal of No. 4 adit and housed there.\nDolly Varden.\u00E2\u0080\u0094This property is described in detail in former Annual Reports and also in\nthose of the Geological Survey of Canada on this area. During 1935 the property was leased\nby T. W. Falconer, Alice Arm, who employed two men on high-grading operations. This work\nwas done in two small open-cuts on the east and west sides of No. 1 glory-hole, on a pay-streak\nin the hanging-wall side of the vein.\nStikine River Area.\nJackson.\u00E2\u0080\u0094This group is owned by Frank Jackson and associates, of Jackson's Landing,\nand adjoins the Lady Jane group on the east. The geology and mineral deposits are described\nin the 1929, 1930, and 1931 Annual Reports. During 1935 further open-cutting was done on\na cross-vein outcropping down the steep hill-slope at elevation 2,925 feet, about 750 feet above\nConnover creek and 700 feet north-east from the cabin. About 25 feet west from this cut\na cross-vein 18 inches in width is exposed.\nTaku River Area.\nBanker.\u00E2\u0080\u0094This group of five claims and one fraction is owned by J. L. Hill and associates,\nof Juneau, and is described in detail in the 1929 and 1930 Annual Reports and in Bulletin\nNo. 1, 1930, \" Taku River Area.\"\nOn the adjoining Potlatch group, owned by Buck Sparling, of Juneau, the owner was\nengaged in sinking a shaft through overburden at a place about 70 feet north-westerly from\nthe Banker showing, with the objective of picking up the extension of this showing.\nCopper Deposits.\nObservatory Inlet Area.\nGranby C.M.S. & P. Co., Ltd.\u00E2\u0080\u0094The property and operations of this company at Anyox,\nObservatory inlet, are described in former Annual Reports, and in the Annual Report for 1934\nmore recent operations are mentioned. Normal operations were continued at Anyox during the\nfirst part of the year, but in July preparations for cessation were begun. In September\noperations ceased completely and the crew, staff, and residents gradually left. Non-metallic Deposits.\nCoast Area.\nSericite.\u00E2\u0080\u0094This group, owned by C. Jedder and P. J. Ray, is situated on Baker inlet.\nDevelopment-work was continued by two men. Samples of mica sent to the Department of\nMines, Ottawa, were favourably reported on regarding character and grade of material.\nA test shipment of 1.5 tons was made to Vancouver.\nKoeye River.\nThis river flows into the east side of Fitzhugh sound about 7 miles south of Namu cannery.\nAbout half a mile from the mouth on the right bank, P. Christensen is operating a limestone-\nquarry and during 1935 shipped 6,255 tons of crude limestone to the Pacific Pulp and Paper\nMills at Ocean Falls."@en . "Legislative proceedings"@en . "J110.L5 S7"@en . "1936_V03_03_B1_B30"@en . "10.14288/1.0308252"@en . "English"@en . "Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library"@en . "Victoria, BC : Government Printer"@en . "Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia"@en . "Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia"@en . "PART B. NORTH-WESTERN MINERAL SURVEY DISTRICT (No. 1). BY J. T. MANDY."@en . "Text"@en . ""@en .