"51bc3f0f-49a9-42ba-9af8-5cbc708d1214"@en . "CONTENTdm"@en . "SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (Nos. 3 AND 4)."@en . "http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1198198"@en . "Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia"@en . "British Columbia. Legislative Assembly"@en . "2016"@en . "[1937]"@en . "https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/bcsessional/items/1.0307344/source.json"@en . "Foldout Map: Nicola Mines and Metals, Ltd. Plan of Enterprise Workings, adapted from Company's Surveys."@en . "application/pdf"@en . " PART D\nANNUAL EEPOET\nOF THE\nMINISTER OF MINES\nOF THE PROVINCE OF\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nFOR THE\nYear Ended 31st December\n1936\nPRINTED BY\nAUTHORITY OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY.\nVICTORIA, B.C.:\nPrinted by Chaeles F. Banfield, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty.\n1937. BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF MINES.\nVICTORIA, B.C.\nHon. George S. Pearson, Minister.\nJohn F. Walker, Deputy Minister and Provincial Mineralogist.\nJames Dickson, Chief Inspector of Mines.\nD. E. Whittaker, Provincial Assayer and Analyst.\nP. B. Freeland, Chief Mining Engineer.\nR. J. Steenson, Chief Gold Commissioner. \u00C2\u00BBMte\u00C2\u00A3\t\nHedley Townsile and Siimlkamcen River Valley.\nHedley Mascot Gold Mines, Ltd. Mill.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0.: \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0096\u00A0:\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0/.! Nicola Mines and Metals, Ltd. Mill.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2*-\u00E2\u0080\u00A2.-\u00E2\u0080\u00A2,\u00C2\u00BB\u00E2\u0080\u00A2.\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 VW\"*-'\nColdstream Valley East of Verno SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (Nos. 3 AND 4). D 3\nPART D.\nSOUTHERN AND CENTRAL MINERAL SURVEY DISTRICTS\n(Nos. 3 AND 4).\nBY\nM. S. Hedley.\nv SUMMARY.\nThe year 1936 saw a satisfactory continuance of activity in mining in Nos. 3 and 4\nDistricts. Gold was the principal metal mined and sought for. The Hedley Camp in\nparticular has seen expanded development and occupies a prominent position in Nos. 3 and 4\nDistricts in the production of gold. There was little activity in silver except in the Beaverdell\narea, where the principal producers operated as usual, and some exploratory work was done.\nBase metals were not mined except in gold and silver ores.\nThe projected resumption of activities by the Granby Company at Copper Mountain will\nbe a boon to the southern interior and already, before the close of the year, work has been\ngoing forward with rehabilitations, repairs, and improvements, particularly in the shape of\na new power plant.\nThere has been some revival in Greenwood-Phoenix area, particularly the milling of parts\nof the old Granby ore-bodies at the former Superior mill at Greenwood. The Fairview\nAmalgamated-Morning Star operated from June and the Dividend at Osoyoos had a successful\nyear.\nThe Geological Survey sent three field-parties to No. 4 District. Two parties, under\nDr. C. E. Cairnes and Dr. Carl Tolman, together mapped one square degree bordering the\nsouth end of Okanagan Lake and south to the International Boundary. A third party, under\nD. A. McNaughton, mapped in detail a considerable area in and bordering the Phoenix Camp.\nThese maps and reports are being looked forward to with interest.\nIn placer-mining, hydraulic operations were stopped on Rock Creek and considerable\npreparatory work was done on Boundary Creek. Testing and hydraulicking was carried out\non Scotch Creek. An interesting discovery was made at Harris Creek, near Vernon, in ground\nprospected sixty years ago.\nProspectors were active, but probably not any more so than during the two previous years.\nThe writer wishes to express his appreciation of the many courtesies extended him by\nmine operators and others during the course of his work.\nLODE-GOLD DEPOSITS.\nHedley Camp.\nReferences.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Charles Camsell, Geological Survey of Canada, Memoir 2, 1910; H. S.\nBostock, Geological Survey of Canada, Summary Report, 1929, Part A; Annual Reports of\nthe Minister of Mines, 1901 to 1935, particularly 1901, 1903, 1906 to 1908, 1912, 1919, 1926,\n1928, 1929, 1931,1933 to 1935.\nThe name \" Hedley Camp \" in former years referred particularly to Nickel Plate Mountain\nand vicinity, but more recently has been expanded to include ground several miles distant\nfrom the town of Hedley. It is not proposed here to define the boundaries precisely, but for\npurposes of this report the Hedley Camp refers particularly to Nickel Plate, Lookout, and\nStemwinder Mountains and to the south side of Similkameen River, short of the height of land,\n\"between Sterling and Johns Creeks.\nRevival of the Nickel Plate and development of the Mascot have paved the way for a\nrevival and expansion of activity that has been aided in no small measure by the enhanced\nprice of gold. Development-work at the Nickel Plate mine by Kelowna Exploration Company\nhas extended rather than decreased the known reserve of ore. Under the direction of Paul\nBillingsley, exploration has been based on the theory that the occurrence of ore is consistently\nrelated to geological structure, and as a result the company has extended favourably the D 4 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1936.\nNickel Plate zone and the Sunnyside ore-body, and has found indications of an ore-body on\nthe Bull Dog claim.\nOn the Mascot Fraction, for many years idle in the midst of Nickel Plate ground, development by Hedley Mascot Gold Mines, Limited, to date has shown the ore-bodies to be larger and\nmore valuable than indicated by preliminary diamond-drilling. More recent diamond-drilling\nhas indicated values beneath the adit-level in previously unexplored ground. The significance\nof this work is not known at the time of writing, but further drilling is in progress. The\ncompany also carried out, during 1936, considerable surficial geological exploration on other\nparts of their holdings.\nJanuary of 1937 saw ten companies in the camp and six others with ground marginal to it.\nOf these, the Kelowna Exploration Company, Limited; Hedley Mascot Gold Mines, Limited;\nand Gold Mountain Mines, Limited, were producing, and work of various degrees of intensity\nwas done by the others. Most of the work has been done on ground staked many years ago,\nbut recent investigations have added to the general store of knowledge.\nBriefly stated, the regional geology consists of a great thickness of banded argillaceous,\ncalcareous, and quartzitic sediments intruded by irregular masses of igneous rocks. On Nickel\nPlate Mountain and on the east side of Stemwinder Mountain the sediments are predominantly\ncalcareous, although limestone as such is subordinate. Elsewhere the rocks are more argillaceous. These rocks have, in the central part of the camp, been carefully subdivided by\nCamsell and further subdivided by Bostock, although the individual formations have not been\ntraced far beyond the summit of Nickel Plate Mountain. The sediments are intruded by\nmasses of hornblende and augite diorite in the form of stocks, dykes, and sills, the greatest\nconcentration of which is on and between Nickel Plate and Lookout and Stemwinder Mountains.\nThe whole is hemmed in by, except on the west, large bodies of younger granodiorite, and\nyoungest of all are dykes of andesitic and lamprophyric character. Considerable faulting\nhas taken place on the west side of Nickel Plate Mountain, particularly along the Bradshaw\nfault, which passes down the lowermost section of 20-Mile Creek and crosses the river directly\nopposite. \u00E2\u0080\u009E\nThe sediments, part of the western limb of a major anticline, dip westerly to northwesterly throughout most of the area. The dip is gentle on Nickel Plate Mountain but\nbecomes steeper to the west, and on the summit of Stemwinder Mountain the dip is nearly\nvertical. Locally, as on Nickel Plate and Stemwinder Mountains, the sediments are contorted.\nSouth of the river and west of Bradshaw fault the rocks are predominantly closely-folded dark\nargillites in which contortion and some faulting make for reversals in dip.\nThe mineralization on Nickel Plate Mountain has been fully described by Camsell and\nBostock and is a type for the district. It consists of arsenopyrite, pyrrhotite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, and rare sphalerite, disseminated in the rock formation. The arsenopyrite contains\npractically all of the gold values, and while assays may be obtained from pyrrhotite, in some\ncases at least the values are associated with included, microscopic arsenopyrite.* This type of\nmineralization is not restricted to but has so far been found most intensely developed on and\nnear Nickel Plate Mountain. Farther afield, within and beyond the Hedley Camp proper,\nsimilar mineralization has been found, of perhaps more local development.\nThe Nickel Plate type of ore occurs in lime-bearing rocks that are recrystallized to silicate\nrocks of a medium but not intense degree of metamorphism, and occurs also, locally, in diorite.\nThe mineralization, favouring a certain type of altered sediment, tends to selectively follow\nthe bedding, but this is not invariable and is, strictly speaking, of local occurrence only.\nLocalization is controlled primarily by structure\u00E2\u0080\u0094i.e., Assuring of the rocks; secondly, by\nintensity of metamorphism, implying more particularly temperature, as marked by zones of\ngarnetite, etc.; thirdly, by composition of the (metamorphosed) host-rocks. Consequently,\nin a given zone of mineralization, in which the combined factors of Assuring and temperature\nare favourable to deposition, mineral tends to occur selectively in certain rock-types and so\nmay follow a particular bed or series of beds. This bedded mineralization may not, however,\nbe continuous, depending upon the structural relation of the sediments to zones of Assuring\nand metamorphism.\nThe early fissures, those along which mineralization was in many instances introduced\nare of low dip, and later ones, some at least of which are post-ore, are of steep dip. As most\n* H. V. Warren and J. M. Cummings, B.C. Miner, May, 1936. SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (Nos. 3 AND 4). D 5\nof the earlier fissures are now healed and only very rarely carry gouge, they are hard to detact;\noften, particularly on Stemwinder Mountain, they are closely associated with steeper systems\nof apparently the same age. When mineralized, the two or more sets may form together\na sort of box-work of patchy mineralization, with local extensions guided by intensity of\nalteration, by igneous contacts, and by sedimentary structure. Flat fissures are to be found\nalso in outlying parts of the camp, some of which contain quartz veinlets, so it does not appear\nas though the early fracturing along flatly-dipping planes was restricted solely to Nickel Plate\nMountain, but that the basic fracture-pattern is rather widespread. In the Nickel Plate,\nhowever, these fractures follow more or less closely both bedding and sedimentary-diorite\ncontacts.\nQuartz veins are rare but not absent in the central part of the camp. In the darken\nargillaceous sediments mineralization is almost wholly restricted to quartz veins, although\nrare bands of silicate rock may contain disseminated sulphides. In the argillites the zones\nof metamorphism are of different character and extent; alteration is not so intense, and\nmineralization, in the form of quartz veins, occurs in frequently irregular shear-zones.\nMineralization has been encountered within granodiorite on the Mission and Marathon groups\nof claims, and may well be early Tertiary in age. The age-relation between this mineralization\nand that found beyond the borders of the granodiorite batholiths is not known.\nThe Hedley Chief Mines, Limited, holds nineteen claims that extend across the property of\nHedley Amalgamated1 from the gravel benches immediately west of Hedley to the summit of\nStemwinder Mountain. The lower part of the ground rises steeply from the gravel benches to\nprecipitous bluffs which are composed of well-exposed and locally contorted calcareous sediments. The upper section of the property to Stemwinder Summit is one of steep grassy\nslopes underlain predominantly by calcareous and argillaceous sediments, but including some\ndiorite.\nSurficial work has been done at several widely-separated points which, due to scarcity\nof outcrops, cannot be correlated. One open-cut, 3,500 feet south of the summit at an elevation\nof 3,900 feet, shows a fiat, rather weak shearing in diorite carrying a little scattered arsenopyrite and pyrite. Fifty feet north-west is a cut in Ane-grained banded silicate rocks, nearly\nvertical, cut by Ane calcite stringers and with traces of mineral; between these cuts is a\nfeldspar-porphyry dyke 15 feet wide. Above, near the central gully, elevation 4,275 feet, is\na 20-foot cut on a porphyry dyke. The sediments here strike about north 15 degrees east and\nare vertical, and cross-fractures trend north 60 degrees west and dip 70 degrees south-west;\nstripping near by shows some pyrite-pyrrhotite mineralization, including traces of chalcopyrite and arsenopyrite, in green silicate rocks, some of which is related to the Assuring.\nNearer the gully at the same elevation is a 25-foot adit driven east into crushed sediments.\nJust below the summit of the mountain on the Skyline claim is an old shaft about 15 feet\ndeep in silicified diorite, part of the same body that forms a rib on the upper part of the ridge\nand connects apparently with larger bodies on the 20-Mile slope; alteration, and some\npyrrhotite and pyrite, is parallel to a north-westerly-trending andesite dyke 4 feet wide. On\nthe summit of Stemwinder Mountain is a diorite porphyry that appears to be related to the\nyounger granodiorite, a large body of which lies to the north-west.\nSee Annual Reports, 1933 and 1934. This company is capitalized at 2,000,000\nGold Mountain shares of 50 cents par value, of which 1,810,000 are outstanding. The office\nMines, Ltd. of the company is at 626 Pender Street West, Vancouver; G. Arnold! Birks\nis president and J. C. Oswald is secretary-treasurer. The property, comprising fourteen claims and fractions, lies on the south side of Similkameen River, 2 miles\nwest of Hedley. The workings are between 2,000 and 3,000 feet south of the river, at an\nelevation between 2,500 and 3,250 feet, on the west bank of Henri Creek. Henri Creek flows\nin a small narrow valley, on a bench of which the camp is situated; the ground slopes at\nangles of 20 to 40 degrees to the western valley-rim, which is just above the uppermost\nworking. Timher is abundant and water is sufficient for mine and camp use. An extensive\nfiat on the riverJbank provides a site for the mill and attendant camp.\nAn excessively steep switchback wagon-road, 1 % miles in length, leads from the river-fiat\nto the mine. The mill-site is reached by a road 2% miles in length from a bridge across the\nriver at Sterling Creek. D 6 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1936.\nGeology.\u00E2\u0080\u0094The property is underlain by a thick series of sediments that strike in general\nnorth-easterly and dip steeply to the south-east. The whole series is locally contorted, although\nthe general attitude in the vicinity of the workings is quite uniform. These dark-coloured\nrocks with blocky fracture are predominantly argillites, but calcareous and, less commonly,\ncherty members are encountered; local bands of sedimentary breccia appear to follow the\nbedding. Southerly from the workings about 1,000 feet, talus-slopes and rare outcrops are of\nthin-bedded slaty argillite. Metamorphism is in no place extreme, and garnetite and silicate\nrock are not produced.\nIntrusive into the sediments is an irregular body of diorite, variable in character, but\nsimilar to the diorites near Hedley. This is a stock-like mass with a westerly and a southerly\nprolongation, in the angle between which lies the vein system.\nThe mineralization occurs as quartz-Ailed shear-zones in- the sedimentary rocks. The dip\nis 50 to 75 degrees westerly to north-westerly, across the bedding of the formation. These\nshear-zones pass into the diorite body, but in that rock are not mineralized except near the\ncontact. A nearly flat subsidiary fracture system is mineralized with quartz stringers which\nare unimportant; these flat stringers in many cases roll into or are connected with steep\nstringers of the same age.\nThe quartz is as a rule watery and occurs as veins or, just as frequently, breccia-Ailing\nor a system of veinlets and lenses in rock. Mineralization includes arsenopyrite, pyrite,\nsphalerite, and, rarely, chalcopyrite and galena. The mode of occurrence in the quartz is\nvery irregular, as scattered grains, lenses, or segregations, and also as seams parallel to the\nvein-walls. Sphalerite is not abundant and is apparently not necessarily indicative of value.\nConsiderable of the gold is free (upon advice from Mr. Asselstine) and in an exceedingly fine\nstate, but free gold is rarely seen in hand specimens. One exceptionally rich pocket encountered on No. 4 level consisted of massive arsenopyrite studded with free gold. There is some\nalteration of the walls of the shear-zone, but this is not always a prominent feature.\nThe property includes the old Pollock group, on which work was done, principally on the\nPine Knot vein, prior to 1913. A slight amount of work was again done in 1927 and 1931 and\nthe group was taken over in 1983 by the present company, which, after some exploratory work,\nbonded the property in 1935 to the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada,\nLimited. This company, after doing 750 feet of diamond-drilling, relinquished the option\nlate in 1935. Since that time Gold Mountain Mines, Limited, has further developed the\nproperty and has built a 60-ton mill that commenced operation early in January, 1937.\nFour veins are known on the property; only one of which, the Maple Leaf, has received\nmuch attention.\nThe Pine Knot vein, which strikes north 25 to 30 degrees east and dips north-westerly at\n50 to 65 degrees, is exposed by old workings which include an adit with 120 feet of drift, and\nby cuts, shafts, and short adits over a length of 600 feet, most of which are in sediments.\nOn the north-east end, in diorite, the vein pinches. It varies from a foot or so to 12 feet in\nwidth, the greater width when following an andesite dyke; mineralization of the quartz is not\nheavy. The only work done in recent years, by the present company in 1936, is a 50'-foot winze\nsunk from a 30-foot adit. Channel samples in a short crosscut in the bottom of this winze\nreturned:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n(1.) Sixty inches, horizontal, on hanging^wall of vein, quartz and bleached rock and\ngouge: Gold, 0.02 oz. per ton; silver, 0.2 oz. per ton.\n(2.) Forty-five inches, succeeding, to horse of waste: Gold, 0.03 oz. per ton; silver, 0.2 oz.\nper ton.\n(3.) Thirty inches, horizontal, on foot-wall below 58-inch horse of waste: Gold, trace;\nsilver, trace.\nTwo small and unimportant veins lie between the Pine Knot and Maple Leaf. These\noccurrences are similar to the others, but widths rarely attain 1% feet.\nMaple Leaf Vein.\u00E2\u0080\u0094This is an irregular, branching shear-zone striking about north-south\nand dipping 60 degrees to the west. Numerous gouge-seams occur in the zone and pass into\nthe walls. Much of the mineralization is, properly speaking, quartz-filled breccia. The\naccompanying map, from transit surveys by the company, shows the nature and extent of the\nmineralized sections of the zone better than a purely verbal description. The zone itself varies\nin width up to about 30 feet and strongly mineralized portions of the zone (i.e., referring SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (Nos. 3 AND 4).\nD 7\nQ\no\n2\nUJ\nE\n(3\nin\no\n\"0\nUJ\nE\n(0\nQJ\n l\n01\n0)\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n+\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\nE\nCJ\n0\nI_\nTJ\ntr\n0)\no\n8 inches cut normal to a flatly^dipping\nstrand of quartz 6 feet from hanging-wall: Gold, 0'.005 oz. per ton; silver, 0.2 oz. per ton.\n(7.) Same location, 52 inches horizontal on hanging-wall section of zone: Gold, 0.03 oz.\nper ton; silver, 0.2 oz. per ton.\n(8.) No. 4 level,-40 feet south of last point, 22 inches: Gold, 0.80 oz. per ton; silver, 0.5\noz. per ton.\n(9.) Fifteen feet south of (8), 34 inches: Gold, 0.30 oz. per ton; silver, 2.3 oz. per ton.\n(10.) No. 4 level, face of small drift north of (C), 6<0 inches: Gold, 0.02 oz. per ton;\nsilver, 0.1 oz. per ton; zinc, 0.7 per cent.\nIt is not a simple task to determine average values over more than limited sections of the\nshear-zone. Very careful, close-interval sampling would be necessary to obtain general\nfigures, and development has not exposed the zone sufficiently to make this possible. Occasional very high assays are reported, and proper weighting of these in averages is a problem.\nPhysical difficulties in mining branching ore-bodies in sheared ground cannot at the present\ntime be assessed, but it is safe to say that mining will not always be easy. The writer consequently is not able to state any definite figures regarding tonnage of proven commercial ore.\nNo. 4 level is, at the north end, near the bottom of mineralization in this section of the\nmine. Mineralization on this level is not quite as strong as on No. 1 level, and, except for a\ncentral, rather narrow, vein-line section 120 feet long, is very irregular. Development here is\nat a somewhat critical stage, because continuation of minable ore southward and downward\nfrom the south end of No. 4 level is important.\nIt is not known whether the shear-zone continues to the south. Mr. Dollemore at one\ntime did some ground-sluicing about 1,000 feet south of No. 1 adit, which disclosed some heavy SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (Nos. 3 AND 4). D 9\nquartz, apparently nearly in place, and roughly on the line of strike of the Maple Leaf vein.\nFurther work here would be justified, in spite of the difficulty of working on an excessively steep side-hill, at least to the point of proving the origin of this quartz. Further drifting southward- on No. 1 level is not feasible because of the nearness to grass-roots, and it is\nevident that exploratory work is best carried out on No. 2 level.\nA crew of some thirty men is employed at the mine under the superintendence of Frank\nDollemore. Late in the year a concentration plant near the river was designed by and built\nunder the direction of W. J. Asselstine, a tram-line was installed, and power was brought in\nby a short branch line from that of the West Kootenay Power and Light Company. At the\nmine a 580-cubic-foot Holman compressor is driven by a 100-horse-power 2,200-volt motor.\nA 2-bucket jig4>ack gravity-tram with 1,000-lb. buckets has a cable distance of 2,900 feet\nbetween terminals over a vertical rise of 1,20\u00C2\u00A9 feet. Ore from an 85-ton coarse-ore bin is\ncrushed to % inch by jaw-crusher and is elevated to a 200-ton fine-ore bin, and from there it\ngoes to a 6-foot by 36-inch Hardinge ball-mill with screen. Undersize is- fed to a Denver\nunit cell and oversize and unit-cell tailings go to a Hardinge classifier, the overflow from which\ngoes to a 5-foot Denver conditioner. Flotation is in six Denver cells, concentrates from which\ngo to a 12-foot Denver thickener and 3-foot Oliver filter; flotation tails flow over blanket-tables.\nConcentrates are sacked and hauled by truck to Hedley, whence they are shipped by rail to-\nTacoma. The mill is operating at about 65 tons per twenty-four hours.\nThis company is capitalized at 2,000,000 shares, of which 950,000 are out-\nHedley Gold Hill standing. John W. Gallagher, of Hedley, is president of the company and\nMining Co., Ltd. McAlpine and Elliott, of Vancouver, are the fiscal agents. The property\nconsists of eight claims, the Gold Hill Nos. 1 to 8, situated on the south side\nof Similkameen River, 1 % miles from the river and 3 % miles south-west of the town of Hedley.\nAccess is by pack-trail 2% miles in length from Sterling Creek over lightly-wooded, grass-\ncovered slopes; another, steep trail 1 % miles in length, leads from the camp of Gold Mountain\nMines, Limited, whose property adjoins on the north. The showings are on the summit of a\nlow rounded hill at an elevation of about 4,700 feet in an open grass-covered country with few\noutcrops. The hillsides are not steep, but small bluffy slopes create an irregular, hilly topography. A tent-camp is located in a small draw below the workings and water is obtained from\na spring.\nThe most abundant rocks are members of a thick sedimentary series comprising chiefly\nargillites and rare calcareous beds. The strike in general is north-south and the dip vertical,\nbut there is marked local contortion. Intrusive into the sediments is a medium to fine-grained\ndiorite that forms irregular bodies several tens to hundreds of feet in extent. The accompanying sketch-map does not clearly show relationship of diorite and sediments, but it appears\nthat there is one body of diorite to the south of the principal cuts and one body, with a northerly\nextension, on the north-west. Three hundred and fifty feet north-west of the principal showings are three cuts in sediments, some 60 feet north of which is more diorite.\nThe impression is at first gathered that this is an area of sedimentary remnants existing\nas the roof of a large intrusive mass. The writer does not, however, believe that this is so.\nThe region as a whole contains many dykes and stock-like bodies as well as some flat sheets of\ndiorite, and it is his opinion that here, in an area of structural disturbance, there is a complex\nof interconnecting intrusive bodies rather than one large mass.\nWorkings.\u00E2\u0080\u0094A number of shallow cuts and strippings have been made, some in diorite and\nsome in sediments. A cut (1) from which a 12-foot shaft has been sunk discloses a large\nmass of practically solid calcite which forms a rhombic outline about 20 feet on a side and,\nexcept for the north-west corner, is entirely in diorite; the margins of this mass are not\nperfectly regular and the extension in depth is not known. The calcite carries practically no\nsulphides where exposed in the open-cut, but in a small chamber at the bottom of the shaft\nthere are lumps of pyrite and pyrrhotite up to fist size or larger. There is some shearing of\nthe wall-rocks, and a strong sericitization which produces white clayey granular material in\nwhich the original dioritic texture can just be recognized. This complex of sericite, kaolin,\nfeldspar, and quartz contains no calcite. There is little evidence of mineralization in the\ndiorite except at the contact with massive calcite, although some sheared diorite is now oxidized\nto a reddish to yellowish earthy material. The occurrence of this large rhomb of calcite is\nabnormal, and it is not known whether it is a cavitjMilling or a replacement. D 10\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1936.\nNorth-west of the shaft in a long cut, at (2) and (3), argillites and some calcareous rocks\nhave been brecciated and filled with calcite. The sediments which elsewhere dip vertically\nare here flexed into an east-west fold that plunges westerly, the southern limb of which is\nnearly flat. In this flat section calcite fills between the bedding-planes and also in transverse\nbreaks to form a coarse-textured, calcite-filled breccia. Mineralization is erratic and consists\nof pyrite in small seams and lumps to fist size, small amounts of pyrrhotite, and traces of\narsenopyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena. At (4) there is smilar breccia with less\ncalcite. South of (3) the mineralization, together with calcite-filling, decreases and in the\ncuts north of (3) and (2) it also becomes less. At (4) there are fine, vuggy quartz stringers\nwhich contain some fine chalcopyrite, galena, pyrite, and arsenopyrite. At (5) a bench has\nbeen stripped that shows the flexure of north-south sediments into an east-west anticlinal\naxis; there is a little pyrite here. In the three small cuts to the east, on the flank of the hill,\nthere is exposed a shear-zone in diorite. This zone is a foot or so wide in partly altered\ndiorite and contains a little pyrite. In the cuts aforementioned, 350 feet to the north-west,\nthere is a little mineralization in sediments, chiefly as rusty streaks.\nAn adit 10O feet below the small shaft has been driven from a draw at the base of the\nhill through dense, grey calcareous rocks which contain thin bands- of diorite and- are speckled\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2with a little pyrite and occasional very fine pyrrhotite, particularly along thin seams of alteration. This adit was 85 feet long at the time of the writer's visit. It was later extended to a\npoint immediately below the open-cut at (1). It is reported that no diorite was encountered,\nm\nAdit j\n/N \ , , TO\n.-,',-- IO> -' ,.. H\nLEGEND\n;.;,;:>; Diorite\nBlank area is drift-\ncovered except for\nsmall outcrops of sediments\nN- and 440-foot levels is so SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (Nos. 3 AND 4). D 21\nfilled, and considerable of the ground between 440- and 320-foot levels; there is also some\nfilling beneath the southern extension of 190-foot level.\nThere is considerable overbreaking in the stopes, due partly to the choice of method, and\nwith very rare exceptions all material broken is milled. If the amount of dilution is to be kept\nto a minimum, some modified system of shrinkage-stoping that would allow of more selective\nmining and maintain narrow stope-widths would be preferable to the method at present in\nforce.\nA concentrating plant is located conveniently near the adit-portal, and ore is milled at an\naverage rate of a little over 50 tons per day. Concentrates are hauled by truck to Nicola, and\nare sold, as from January 1st, 1936, to British Metals Corporation. Ore is trammed by hand\nto the 100-ton mill-bin; crushing is by jaw-crusher and rolls above a fine-ore bin of 100 tons\ncapacity. Milling equipment includes a Hardinge ball-mill, Door classifier, Forrester pneumatic flotation-cells, Wilfley table, Dorr thickner, and American filter. A single concentrate\nis produced with a recovery of about 85 per cent. A Denver unit cell was installed in November\nwith intent to improve recovery and also to slightly increase capacity of the mill.\nA power plant for the entire operation is housed in the mill building. Other buildings\ninclude office, assay office, change-house, mess-house, and several small bunk-houses, in addition\nto which are several private dwellings. The combined operation employs about fifty men.\nThis property is dependent upon the Enterprise vein. Of the other veins, investigations\nto date have not shown that any considerable tonnage is to be derived from them. The Tubal\nCain is a weakly-mineralized shear-zone of no great prospective value. The Joshua vein contains shoots that are minable at good metal prices, but tonnage from these will be low and\nnecessary development-work fairly high. The Planet vein is little known and- the shaft is not\nparticularly encouraging, even in view of some high assays obtainable. This vein might be\nprospected on the surface by reliable geophysical methods to give an idea of the continuity of\nthe vein-fracture, and to indicate position of the vein and depth of overburden as a preparatory\nstep to stripping where cover is not too heavy. Extensive development of such a vein is\nneeded before any estimate can be made of tonnage and values, because, as is obvious, minable\nore is bound to occur in shoots which are not likely to be very large or continuous. The King\nWilliam vein has promise, particularly when it is considered that it is probably the southern\ncontinuation of the Enterprise vein. It is not wide, but if as good as the known section of the\nEnterprise vein there is to be expected- a considerable extension of minable ground. It is\nlikely that overburden is too deep for economic stripping. The present condition of the 320-\nfoot level is not good for the necessary long tram that would result in the continuation of the\nEnterprise drift to the south.\nA glance at the general plan shows a tendency to convergence of the Enterprise, Tubal\nCain, and Joshua veins both downward on the dip and to the south. An estimate of the actual\nlocation of the point of convergence is of little value, particularly in depth, because this point\nwill vary in each section drawn, and it is even possible that there is no such convergence within\neconomically reached limits. There is no reason, moreover, to believe that a convergence would\nmean a large or rich ore-body; in any event, the matter is one for investigation at a considerably removed date.\nIn the Enterprise workings development will have to be pushed aggressively if there is to\nbe an assured tonnage for the mill to operate at present capacity. The new 675-foot level is\nnow being developed and the southern extension on the lower levels should be investigated.\nAlthough the vein is not commercial on the 320-foot level north, this section has not been\nexplored at depth; because of the rapid changes in vein-structure and of widths and value,\nthis northern section should again be investigated from, probably best, the 675-foot level in the\nhope that ore-shoots may be found.\nThe life of the mine and success of the Enterprise is dependent upon systematized, efficient\noperation at low costs and accompanied by an active programme of development. Mill-heads\nare at present so low as to put the operation into the marginal class. The grade of mill-feed\ncould doubtless be increased by adoption of a different method of extraction that would allow\nof cleaner, more selective mining. It is unlikely that increased milling capacity is warranted.\n(See Annual Reports, 1933 and 1934.) This company controls a group of\nJenny Long twenty-one claims, including the Jenny Long, Crown-granted. The property\nMines, Ltd. is about 3 miles south-east of Stump Lake and east of the MerritMPrinceton\nHighway. The region is one of open rolling range land in which the only D 22\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1936.\npermanent stream is Scott Creek. The Jenny Long workings are at an elevation of 2,800 feet,\na quarter of a mile south of the camp on Scott Creek, and are easily reached from the highway\nby a side-road 1 mile in length.\n68!-6O0\nStope\ninaccess i ble\nLEGEND\nFault or clay slip\nSheared ground\nQuarts; vein\nStripping\no\nScale\n40\nJenny Long Mines, Ltd. Plan of Workings, from Brunton Survey.\nThe rocks are andesitic lavas of the Nicola formation, rather highly altered to a green,\nchloritic rock and locally sheared. The mineral deposits are quartz-filled shear-zones that\nform part of a rather complex pattern of shearing and fracturing. Vein alteration is not SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (Nos. 3 AND 4). D 23\nstrong and is not entirely restricted to walls of quartz. Mineralization includes pyrite, galena,\nsphalerite, tetrahedrite, and chalcopyrite in a gangue of friable quartz and a little carbonate.\nThese sulphides vary both in relative proportions and in total amounts in different parts of\nthe veins. The accompanying plan, from Brunton survey by the writer, illustrates the\ndistribution of quartz and of broken ground on the two upper levels.\nDuring the past season some development-work was done under the direction of J. F. Coats\nby Kootenay Nevada Mines, Limited, now in liquidation. At the time of the writer's visit\nthe shaft was being sunk on contract and was, in early September, 40 feet below the 165-foot\nlevel. Since that date some drifting has been done on a new 265-foot level. The 35-ton mill\nwas not operated in 1936.\nSurface work, localized about the present shaft, shows two parallel north-south bodies of\nquartz and one trending north-west and south-east. One isolated open-cut shows a north-south\nstrand of quartz not apparently related to the others. Six hundred feet south of this shaft\nis a 20-foot open-cut on a 2- to 6-inch vein dipping 70 degrees east; 90 feet north of this cut\nis an old shaft sunk 8 feet on a mineralized zone. Outcrops farther afield are very scarce.\nThe shaft is sunk on the foot-wall or most westerly of two north-south quartz veins. The\naverage inclination of the shaft is about 56 degrees and the vein is followed for 90 feet when\nit leaves the hanging-wall of the shaft. This vein is drifted on for 180 feet to the north, where\nit joins a nearly parallel hanging-wall vein, and both swing to meet a north-west vein-zong.\nThe north-south system is believed to be one rather than two \" veins \"; as illustrated in the\nplan, the foot-wall and hanging-wall bands converge to north and south. Over the total\nexplored length of 500 feet this vein system or shear-zone attains widths of quartz locally\nas great as 6 feet, but averages less than 24 inches of auartz, the best widths being in the\nnorthern and southern sections of the drifts. A central, narrow, and branching section is\nprobably too narrow to warrant mining. Some stoping has been done on the northernmost\nfoot-wall section, and the back has been taken down to a height of 6 to 20 feet in several places.\nShearing is most marked on the north, where the north-south and north-west systems meet.\nHere there are a number of strands of irregular quartz associated with both parallel and\ntransverse gouge-seams of little displacement. The north-west vein-zone has been drifted\non for about 170 feet to a point where it is cut off by a fault. Widths are as great as 2V2 feet,\nand on one such section 28 feet long is a stope that has been raised on to the surface.\nIn the original development of the 65-foot level the vein was stripped. This has resulted\nin excessively wide drifts, and in most sections the vein is not in the best relation to the drift\nfor stoping and chute-construction. Some of the ground, particularly in the northern part,\nis quite heavy.\nThe 165-foot level shows faulted north-south quartz and also north-west-trending quartz.\nIt is evident that some of the faulting was contemporaneous with mineralization and does not\nsimply displace the vein. Maximum width of north-south quartz is about 20 inches and that of\nnorth-west quartz where crosscut is 30 inches. The relation to the upper level is not clear.\nValues, judging from the intensity and character of mineralization in different parts of\nthe mine, must be erratic, and close sampling is necessary for determination of averages.\nFive channel samples taken by the writer on the 65-foot level north and north-east of the shaft\nreturned low values in gold, silver, lead, and zinc, the highest being: Gold, 0.12 oz. per ton;\nsilver, 6 oz. per ton; lead, 1 per cent.; zinc, 1.1 per cent. Some ore on the dump is heavily\nmineralized with tetrahedrite.\nJewel Lake (Greenwood) Area.\nThis company controls a group of claims lying south and east of Jewel Lake.\nGreenbridge Work during the past summer has been restricted to the North Star, which\nGold Mines, is on the western edge of the major group and which is one of a group of\nLtd. five claims owned by Superior Mines, Limited, in 1935, and later acquired\nby W. E. McArthur, of Greenwood. The present company is in process of\npurchasing this group, which, with those already held, makes a total of thirty-one claims.\nThe North Star and Cairn Gorn were first bonded by Leslie Hill in 1897 and two shafts\nsunk, 50 and 60 feet respectively, on the vein. At a later date (not known) a crosscut 45 feet\nlong was driven to intersect the vein below the shafts and a drift driven 125 feet on the vein.\nAt a point about 45 feet along the vein some stoping was done and a shipment of ore made D 24\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1936.\nto the smelter. In 1932 R. L. Clothier and associates, of Penticton, leased the North Star\nand shipped three car-loads of ore to Trail. In 1933 W. E. McArthur, of Greenwood, shipped\na car-load of ore from the same stope and drove the main adit ahead, as well as a semicircular\nA\nf~52\nLegend\nQuar+jitic sediments [_\nBiotite - syenite dyke \\"\"S~\\\nAndesite dyke 1;~<-Z'l\nQuarts vein \u00E2\u0080\u0094 \"~\nStoped areas\nN9I (Upper) Adit\nEl. 4750'\nGreenbridge Gold Mines, Ltd. Plan at North Star Workings, adapted from Company's Surveys.\nside-drift on a branch vein. In 1934 the Superior Mines extended the main drift in a northerly\ndirection through a porphyry dyke. (From Annual Report of the Minister of Mines for 1935.) SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (Nos. 3 AND 4). D 25\nThe North Star claim, elevation 4,700 feet, lies just east of the timbered, rolling summit\nof the mountain range flanking Jewel Lake on the east. It is easily reached by a branch road\nfrom Dentonia mine. Water is scarce, the nearest natural supply being a small stream 1,500\nfeet to the east, at which the camp is situated.\nThe mineral deposit is a north-south quartz vein dipping to the east and crosscutting\na thick series of schistose quartzitic sediments. Syenite and andesite dykes of irregular shape\ncut both sediments and vein. The vein may be traced completely across the claim in a series\nof exposures of tight-walled rather barren quartz. As developed underground the vein is\nerratic; a maximum width of 4 feet is only attained locally, and some sections are less than\n4 inches in width. Mineralization consists of pyrite, galena, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and\ntelluride in frequently crystalline quartz. Ore-shoots are not continuous and are localized\nprincipally at abrupt changes in attitude of the vein.\nThe accompanying map, drawn from transit surveys by the company and with level detail\nadded by the writer, illustrates the geology of the ground. No. 1 adit is driven on the southern\nboundary of the North Star claim. On the surface, on the south, the vein outcrops as heavy\nbarren quartz, and one caved shaft and some surface work do not clearly indicate the structure.\nIn the second shaft 4 feet of white quartz is followed down at 42 degrees dip, and at 25 feet\nis 12 inches wide; rich pockets occur in this shaft. North, so far as shown, the vein is steeper\nand is comparatively straight. Mineralization as seen in surface strippings and at the collar\nof the northernmost shaft is scanty.\nUnderground the behaviour of the vein is different; it is a highly irregular structure,\nwith commercial ore localized where the irregularities are most pronounced. Dykes are of\ntwo sorts; one, the most prominent, is a biotite syenite brownish in colour and sometimes\nporphyritic when of medium grain, but grey in colour when fine-grained. This latter phase\nof syenite is very similar in appearance to a medium and, locally, dark-grey andesitic dyke,\nand it is the writer's opinion that the two are closely related in age and origin. The syenite\nis evidently quite irregular, as in the No. 2 adit and north drift, where it occurs as a stock-like\nbody. One sharp roll in the vein has been mined above No. 1 level, and between No. 1 and\nNo. 2 on both sides of a post-mineral syenite dyke; in this section high-grade ore has been\nrecovered. Another section has been stoped farther south above No. 1 level and is apparently\nworked out. Beneath this stope on No. 2 the vein is weak, but some ore is bound to occur\nbetween the two levels.\nThe combination of irregular vein and post-mineral dykes makes for difficult development\nin this section and, except for ground beneath the larger stope on No. 1 level, the future of the\nmine depends on the northern continuation of commercial quartz. A winze, now water-filled,\nsunk near the No. 1 crosscut, is said to be about 45 feet deep. Some promising ore is reported\nfrom this winze which must be in sediments between the two diverging dykes, a condition\nfaintly suggested on the level.\nSamples taken by the writer returned: (1.) From underhand stope 12 feet below sub-level\ndrift north, quartz 24 inches wide: Gold, 0.40 oz. per ton; silver, 1.6 oz. per ton; copper, trace;\nlead, 1.3 per cent. (2.) In sub-level drift north, 15 feet north of roll in vein, quartz 29 inches\nwide: Gold, 0.10 oz. per ton; silver, 0.1 oz. per ton. (3.) No. 1 north drift 28 feet from face,\nquartz 24 inches wide: Gold, 3.90 oz. per ton; silver, 16.5 oz. per ton. (4.) Grab sample of\nfines in small upper stope: Gold, 0.20 oz. per ton; silver, 1 oz. per ton; copper, mi?,- lead, trace.\n(5.) No. 1 level in bottom below stope, opposite split in vein, 16 inches quartz: Gold, 0.36 oz.\nper ton; silver, 0.8 oz. per ton; copper, trace; lead, 0.5 per cent. (6.) No. 2 level south drift\nat short raise, 8 inches quartz: Gold, trace; silver, trace. High values appear to be related\nto tellurides.\nA crew of four men shipped three cars of picked ore during the past season principally\nfrom the stope beneath No. 1 level. Electric power is obtained from the West Kootenay\nPower Company, and air is supplied by a 230-cubic-foot compressor driven from a 50-horse-\npower motor.\nMidway Area.\nThese claims, 2 to 4 miles north-west of Midway, are owned severally and\nRainbow, collectively by D. Murray, of Beaverdell, and by W. D. Murray and Frank\nRiverview, etc. Thompson, of Midway. The claims are staked along a roughly east-west\nline on or just below mountainous summits at about 3,500 feet elevation. D 26 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1936.\nOn the north-west edge of the upland area the ground is sparsely timbered, broken, and hilly;\nto the east a higher, prominent mountain range drops in long broken slopes towards the Kettle\nRiver. A road leads to the upland area and from it any part of the ground is reached on foot\nor on horseback without difficulty.\nThe geology is not well known, as it has never been studied in detail. The most striking\nfeature is a band of dolomitic limestones that strikes east-west and is about a quarter of a\nmile wide. Outcrops are scarce, but on the west these rocks are in contact with andesite,\napparently bedded with the sedimentary series. The whole is cut by intrusive serpentine\nand by a variety of dioritic dykes. The limestones are in many places mineralized with\nsphalerite, galena, pyrite, and occasionally chalcopyrite at and near contacts, and also\napparently well within the limestone. One quartz-porphyry dyke is known to contain a\nmineralized zone carrying gold and silver values. In the central part of the area, on the\nElinor and Ethel claims, ribs of silicification and bands of chert breccia are seen in two or three\nplaces in the limestone that are very similar to some of the \" jasperoidization \" encountered in\nthe Phoenix Camp.\nOn the Rainbow claim on the extreme north-westernmost edge of the mountain-mass an\neast-west vertical zone has been stripped to show a 20-inch band quite strongly mineralized\nwith galena and sphalerite. This is in altered, talcose members of the limestone series close\nto a contact with serpentine. For 300 feet north-east stripping shows narrow bands and small\npatches of the same sort of mineralization. On the Ida, to the east, sulphides are found\nassociated with calcite stringers at a contact with andesite.\nHalf a mile farther east, on the Broadview, occasional outcrops and small strippings on\ngrassy hillsides show traces of sphalerite and galena in limestone and also a little quartz as\nstringers and breccia-filling. On the Riverview, half a mile east of the road and overlooking\nKettle River, is a quartz-porphyry dyke, apparently about 200 feet wide and striking east-west.\nIn this dyke there is pyrite and some g'alena, which are found also in adjacent limestone.\nIn one cut on a steep-sided east-west ridge an oxidized mineralized zone is opened up over\na few feet, but, due to oxidation, the character of the zone is hard to determine. A sample\nover 25 inches in the face of a small cut returned: Gold, 0.40 oz. per ton; silver, 23.5 oz. per\nton; lead, 0.2 per cent.\nOkanagan Lake Area. ,\nThis group of seven claims is owned by Otto and Pete Sandberg, of Kelowna,\nIron Horse. and associates. It is between the forks of Deep (Peachland) Creek near the\nsummit of a prominent ridge between 4,500 and 4,700 feet elevation. The\nsouth side of the ridge is steep and bluff-covered, and the north side is one of broken rolling\nslopes. Timber is plentiful but water is not. The ground is reached by trail about 1 mile in\nlength from the road on the South Fork of Deep Creek, 9 miles from Peachland.\nThe rocks are principally limestones with less argillites and lime-silicate rocks, and are\nintruded by granite. Granite is abundant in the district, and many areas of sediments,\nincluding these, are remnants of former roofs of the batholithic rocks. The sediments are\nmineralized with pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, sphalerite, and galena in the\nform of disseminations, replacements, and, rarely, veins. Garnetite is not abundant on the\nclaims, but is prominently developed half a mile to the south-east.\nOn the south slope, elevation 4,450 feet, in limestone, is a 10-foot vein, strike south 70\ndegrees west, dip 55 degrees northerly, of heavy pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and arsenopyrite. The vein is exposed by one open-cut and a little stripping over a length of about 200\nfeet, and appears never to have been traced any distance beyond, although it is a strong\nstructure. On the east side of the ridge, near the crest, a 12- by 6-foot cut shows nearly\nmassive pyrrhotite containing some chalcopyrite occurring as a replacement in gritty argillaceous rock; size and shape of the mineralization are not apparent. Two hundred feet\nwesterly from this cut is a little stripping that shows pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and\nconsiderable sphalerite, occurring apparently as a flat body bedded in limestone and only\npartly exposed. Samples taken at each of these localities returned very low values in gold\nand silver and trace to 1.5 per cent, copper. Although no large body is indicated, the diversity\nof mineralization in such a geological setting warrants further stripping to investigate the\namount of mineralization and possibility of commercial values. SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (Nos. 3 AND 4). D 27\nPaulson Area.*\nThis property, formerly known as the Molly Gibson, Burnt Basin, consists\nMolly Gibson, of the following mineral claims: Molly Gibson, Molly Gibson Fraction, Grey\nEagle, Irish Nellie, Manchuria, Pip, Tip Fraction, and Grey Eagle Fraction,\nat present owned by the Molly Gibson Mines, Limited, Grain Exchange Building, Calgary.\nPrevious descriptions of the property may be found in the Annual Reports of the Minister of\nMines for 1917, 1920, 1922, 1923, 1926, 1928, 1929, 1930, and 1933.\nThe workings are situated 4% miles south-west from Paulson, a station on the Canadian\nPacific Railway, some 33 miles north-east from Grand Forks. They are on a summit, from\n% to 1 mile south of the headwaters of Josh Creek, and between elevations of 4,800 and 5,200\nfeet, and may be reached from Paulson by a narrow-gauge wagon-road that leaves the main\nGrand Forks-Paulson Road about 1 mile south of Paulson, and climbs 1,200 feet in the last\n3% miles to the property. From the highway the first 2 miles of the road is along a very\nsteep side-hill that forms the west valley-wall of McRae Creek; the remaining distance goes\nover the summit and along fairly level ground.\nIn the immediate vicinity of the workings the ground slopes gently northwards to Burnt\nBasin, but 1,200 feet northward from the main shaft, a very steep and bluffy hillside slopes for\n2,000 feet into the narrow valley-bottom of M'cRae Creek in vicinity of Coryell Station.\nThe rocks in the vicinity of the workings include altered and silicified limy sediments,\ncrystalline limestones, two varieties of older fine-grained and porphyritic alkaline-syenite\ndykes. Excepting the syenite dykes, these rocks have regional strikes ranging from north to\nnorth 20 degrees west and dips from 45 to 75 degrees east. The distribution of these rocks may\nbe seen on the accompanying plan. Southward beyond the area covered by this plan a large\narea of biotite monzonite, traversed by numerous syenite dykes, outcrops on the stesp slope\ninto McRae Creek.\nThe group of metamorphic rocks is characterized by the presence of varying amounts of\nbiotite and feldspar, but may be lithologically separated into biotite-schist irregularly replaced\nby calcic silicates, crystalline limestone, and andesitic sills.\nThe outcrops of the biotite-schist are dark grey in colour and frequently well laminated;\nwhereas fresh, unweathered surfaces are chocolate-brown, frequently mottled by light-green\npatches and thin lenticular streaks of calcic silicates. Microscopic study of the different\nphases of this schist reveal the presence of the following minerals, listed in relative order of\nabundance: Biotite, calcite, medium-grained original, cherty, and coarse-grained later quartz,\nactinolite, diopside, orthoclase, anorthite feldspar, and very small amounts of sillimanite and\nscapolite. This rock represents a limy argillaceous sediment that has been subjected to both\nregional and contact metamorphism, differing in kind and in time of application. The regional\ntype developed a predominant biotite-schist from the sedimentary rocks and a granular to\nporphyritic rock containing scattered flakes of biotite from the interstratified sills. The second\nand later type is contact metamorphic or, more correctly, contact metasomatic, insomuch as\nreplacing calcic silicates and sulphides have been developed in the biotite-schists, whereby\nthe schists were varyingly replaced by the green calcic silicates, producing a rock varying from\na phase containing only thin streaks and veinlets, through one consisting of islands of unre-\nplaced biotite-schist in a field of green silicates to one lacking all biotite and consisting of\nvarying amounts of green silicate, patches of pinkish chert or jasper, well-crystallized calcite,\nhydrothermal quartz, and sulphides. It may be noted that some phases of the latter rock,\nphases which were undoubtedly quite limy sediments originally, are very hard and Ainty and\nare seen to consist almost entirely of patches of chert alternating with patches of calcite.\nThis rock is quite distinctive and has been locally called a jasperoid, relating it to the jasperoid\nin the Phoenix Camp, from which it differs, however, in having less jasper and containing\ndisseminated pyrrhotite.\nThe biotite-schist and its altered phases are in sharp contact with conformable layers of\nwell-crystallized and fairly pure limestone; layers that are both massive and laminated, and\nsome siliciAed to dense, grey chert with perfect preservation of the Ane laminae of the original\nsediment.\n* By J. S. Stevenson. D 28\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1936.\n<&w\n\o f>\nNorthward slope\nto Burnt Bosin\nUsVSinger Adit\n' El. 4845\nBL\nw\nTvPowder House v*\n%CUt\nE\n_OCJ\nLEGEND\nOpen- cut | \"XZD 1\nAlkaline syenite dyke I ^ ^ -^,1\nSulphide lens f'\u00E2\u0080\u0094\u00E2\u0080\u0094~ I\nReplaced biotite schist ri 11IIII\nnot markedly schistose U 111111\nSills /younqer' mostly auqite porphyry Y////X\n\ older, diabasic andesite R\\\Vl\n^Crystalline limestone\nKWWN\nmm\nScale\nFeet\n^\nHeavily wooded slope\n(2nS qrowth)\nChert Cuts\n*<-u\n5 Steep Bluffs soulhward\nand eastward into McRae Creek\nMolly Gibson. Surface Geology and Workings ; the Latter after Company's Plan. SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (Nos. 3 AND 4). D 29\nThe sills may be divided into two closely-related types, neither of which is sufficiently\nchloritic to be called greenstone. One is an older, Ane-grained phase, frequently laminated\nby closely-spaced joint-planes, that weathers to a light-green surface disclosing a felted mass\nof feldspar and light-green hornblende laths, which are now altered to an aggregate of chlorite\nAbres. The other phase occurs as narrow dykes cutting the Arst and as sills ranging from\na few feet to 100 feet in width intercalated with the limestone-beds and conformable with the\nband of altered biotite-schist. The dark weathered surface of this rock is both granulose and\nporphyritic, the i/i-inch pyroxene-amphibole phenocrysts standing out conspicuously on the\nweathered surfaces. Microscopically it is seen to consist of light-green, chloritic amphibole,\npseudomorphic after the original pyroxene, set in a granular ground-mass of Aaky biotite,\northoclase, and anorthite. In contrast to the schist, neither calcic silicates nor sulphides have\nformed in the intrusive rocks.\nThe metamorphic group is traversed by a series of alkaline-syenite dykes that range in\nwidth from a few inches to 50 feet, the average of the long cross-country dykes being 50 feet.\nThese dykes are prevailingly of a light, fresh colour and are deAnitely porphyritic. Among\nthose seen on the property there were recognized: Augite syenite with prominent light-green,\naltered augite; biotite syenite with large brown biotite Aakes; and amphibole syenite with\nshreddy, dull-green amphibole laths. All these rocks contain abundant orthoclase with varying\namounts of plagioclase; but sulphides and calcic silicates are absent.\nA large area of monzonite cut by numerous syenite dykes outcrops southwards on the\nManchuria claim and forms the lower slopes of the hillside into McRae Creek; this intrusion\nof monzonite underlies the metamorphic group of rocks which strike southward into it.\nThe opinion of the writer is that the zone of mineralization is in a layer of highly-\nmetamorphosed limy sediments which lie in the hanging-wall of a lenticular band of crystalline\nlimestone about 10 feet wide, and are largely replaced by calcic silicates, patches of sulphides\nand quartz.\nFrom observations made of unmined remnants of ore the habit was concluded to be as\nsmall lenses, probably 6 feet long by 2 feet thick by a maximum of a 10-foot length down the\ndip; these lenses occur along the strike of the horizon described. They are highly-siliciAed\nlenses containing a considerable amount of pyrrhotite with lesser amounts of chalcopyrite\nand pyrite. The altered zone, which in general carries small amounts of disseminated pyrrhotite, has been traced by surface workings for 1,600 feet southward to the face of precipitous\nbluffs; this same zone is, furthermore, also recognizable approximately 500 feet farther southward on the Singer property.\nThe property has been explored by an adit, the Purcell, which consists of 310 feet of drifts\nand crosscuts; by an inclined stope and vertical shaft to this adit, the collar of the shaft\nbeing 64 feet above the adit; by a new low-level adit, the Singer (38 feet long as of September\n9th, 1936) ; by an open-cut and two short adits therefrom, \" Twin Tunnels,\" 28 feet and 34\nfeet respectively in length; and by several open-cuts.\nOre has been found in and mined from the shaft, the \" Twin Tunnels,\" the \" Lime Cut,\"\nand the \" Magnetic Cut \"; however, by far the greater tonnage came from the shaft. The\nstope in the shaft represents the removal of approximately 800 tons of rock; how much of\nthis was ore is hard to estimate. However, during the period 1909 to 1935, inclusive, 260 tons\nof ore was shipped; this would indicate that approximately one-quarter of the 800 tons was ore.\nThe original five claims of the Molly Gibson group were staked in 1905 and 1906 and the\nremainder in 1933 and 1936.\nShipments were made from the property as early as 1909; these were probably from the\nsurface on the site of the present inclined shaft.\nA crosscut, probably the beginning of the Purcell adit, was commenced in 1917, the object\nbeing to tap the inclined shaft. By 1919 this had been advanced 265 feet, and from the shaft\na short drift had been driven on the ore; by 1922 the shaft was down 85 feet. During all this\ntime some surface exploration was also done.\nAfter 1922 little development-work appears to have been done until 1933, when the present\nprogramme of work was instituted. This has consisted of extending the Purcell workings,\nstarting the Singer adit, and doing surface exploration.\nShipments of ore from the property made in the years 1909, 1920, and 1933 have aggregated some 260 tons, containing 285 oz. gold and 119 oz. silver. D 30 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1936.\nThe Purcell adit has been driven 255 feet in a direction south 60 degrees east to get under\na zone of ore-lenses followed downwards by the old stope and shaft, the collar of which is\nsome 64 feet above the adit. From the portal to the raise into the shaft, a distance of 165\nfeet, the adit is in the jasperoid-calcite phase of the schist, and carries a small amount of\ndisseminated pyrrhotite. From this point a short working has been driven south 27 degrees\neast for 40 feet along the hanging-wall of a porphyritic biotite-syenite dyke that strikes south\n25 degrees east and dips 50 degrees south-west; in the face of the branch working and in the\nhanging-wall of the dyke there is a 3-foot band of crystalline limestone that strikes north 20\ndegrees west and dips 40 degrees east. Southward the main working has been driven for 50\nfeet through an adjacent dyke of amphibole syenite, porphyritic but finer-grained than the\nbiotite syenite. Striking north 15 degrees west and dipping vertically, it apparently cuts the\nbiotite syenite. Beyond this dyke and for 15 feet towards the face a portion of biotite syenite\nagain occurs, but the face of the main working and of a 15-foot working driven southward\nshow banded limestone and partly replaced biotite-schist that strike north 10 degrees west\nand dip 50 degrees north-east. No important sulphide-lenses have been found in this adit.\nThe collar of the shaft and inclined stope is 64 feet above the adit. For approximately\n25 feet from the surface, it is a small glory-hole averaging 15 feet in width in an east-west\ndirection and ranging from 20 feet in length at the surface to 35 feet in a north-south direction\nat 25 feet down. From this depth the floor slopes at 20 degrees for 60 feet south-eastward,\nthe back and the floor being only 7 feet apart in the last 30 feet, to a point connected by a\n30-foot vertical raise with the Purcell adit, driven from a place 165 feet from the portal of\nthe adit. Several small lenses of quartz-sulphide ore have been mined from this hole, and\nfrom the portions remaining it appears that most of them lay in the replaced biotite-schist\nabove a 4-foot band of crystalline limestone. An irregular and lenticular stringer of quartz\nand pyrrhotite was seen in the southerly face in the usual silicated rock lying between the\nabove-mentioned lens of limestone and a lower lens that lay on the biotite syenite forming the\nfloor of the hole. This same syenite continues downward, crossing the vertical part of the\nshaft and appearing in the drift where previously described.\nThe failure in finding the downward continuation of the shaft ore in the adit is probably\nbecause that position occuoied by it in the sedimentary horizon has not yet been tapped by\nunderground work. The following bulk samples taken from the remaining portions of ore-\nlenses are only indicative of the precious metal content of such:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nGold. Silver.\nOz. per Ton. Oz. per Ton.\nFrom a lens 3 feet long by 1 inch thick by 1 inch deep .... 0.04 Trace.\nFrom a lens 2 feet long by 2 feet wide by 10 inches deep 3.10 0.1\nThe \" Twin Tunnels \" consist of an open-cut 50 feet long that has been driven through\nfine-grained, younger, fine-grained intrusives for 40 feet, then for 10 feet through a combined\nzone of silicated biotite-schist and limestone-pods to the portal of the underground work. This\nconsists of two closely-spaced adits, one driven south 10 degrees east for 28 feet and the other\nsouth 20 degrees east for 34 feet, each through slightly laminated biotite-schist largely replaced\nby calcic silicates and containing small lenses and very irregular stringers of quartz and\npyrrhotite. A sample taken across a lens 4 feet long and 14 inches thick assayed: Gold, 1.14\noz. per ton; silver, trace.\nThe \" Lime Cut\" has been driven for 20 feet through banded, crystalline limestone, then\nthrough 20 feet of largely replaced biotite-schist to the face, where limestone again occurs.\nNo ore was seen in this cut, but the walls of a small 2-foot excavation midway along it contained\nsmall patches of pyrrhotite in a siliceous gangue, and it is reported that a small lens of ore\nwas mined from here. In the \" Magnetic Cut\" some sulphide mineralization has been con-\ncentrpted in an area 1 foot square in the altered rock adjacent to the hanging-wall of a\ncrystalline limestone-band. A small bulk sample from this assayed: Gold, 0.76 oz. per ton;\nsilver, 0.12 oz. per ton.\nNone of the other workings show lenses of ore; that is, lenses of highly silicified rock\ncontaining sulphides; they only show altered wall-rock containing disseminated pyrrhotite\nand occasionally an irregular discontinuous stringer of quartz. A small bulk sample of\nrock containing disseminated pyrrhotite assayed: Gold, trace; silver, trace. SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (NOS. 3 AND 4). D 31\nAt present (September, 1936) the company is driving the Singer adit, 155 feet below and\n400 feet north from the collar of the shaft, along a layer of impure crystalline limestone in\nthe hope of locating ore in the same zone as that explored by the shaft. It is quite possible\nthat more lenses of ore comparable to those found in the shaft will be found in the same\nstratigraphic horizon below it on the level of the Singer adit. The cause for the localization\nof the lenses along the strike of the zone is not yet evident, and hence an approximate idea of\nthe amount of ore on the property cannot be gained.\nChief among the problems of operation are: First, the absence of timber suitable for\nmining purposes, that existing on the wooded slopes being scrub second growth; and, second,\nan adequate water-supply; water for domestic purposes is at present obtained from springs of\nsmall flow.\nSILVER-LEAD-ZINC DEPOSITS.\nBeaverdell Area.\nThis group of three claims, the Golden, Golden Fraction, and Rico Fraction,\nGolden. is being developed by the Wallace Mountain Mining Company, an Okanagan\nsyndicate. The group is on Wallace Mountain on the east bank of Dry Creek,\nhalf a mile south of the Rambler road. From openly-wooded, rolling, and locally broken\ncountry, the ground slopes steeply to Dry Creek, which flows in a narrow valley. Access is\nby a good trail half a mile in length. This trail leaves the Rambler road at the top of a steep\nhill above Dry Creek, and traverses drift-cover and very little bed-rock.\nThe mineralization is all within Westkettle quartz diorite, and consists of narrow, steeply-\ndipping east-west shear-zones, of which five are known. These contain galena, sphalerite,\npyrite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, and native silver in varying proportions. The gangue\nconsists of rock, with varying amounts of quartz and (or) calcite in addition.\nThe principal work is on three parallel shear-zones about 50 feet apart, of which the central\nand south zones are stripped at intervals for 500 feet and the north one for 150 feet. At the\neast end, on the Golden Fraction, is an open-cut on the south zone 150 feet in length, from the\nwest end of which a 53-foot adit is driven east. The zone is seen in this work to vary from a\nmere fissure to 24 inches wide and averaging perhaps 6 inches; a 14-foot section in the adit\nis 8 inches wide and contains considerable light-coloured sphalerite. A selected sample from\nthe dump returned: Gold, 0.01 oz. per ton; silver, 247 oz. per ton; copper, 0.1 per cent.; lead,\n26.5 per cent.; zinc, 22.3 per cent. At the west end of the line of stripping an adit was 34\nfeet long early in October, bearing 100 degrees. This was directed to locate the central zone\nand was at that time at the contact with an east-west andesite dyke, the relation of which to\nthe zone was obscure. Fifty feet above the adit the zones are 3 to 18 inches wide and locally\ncontain considerable quartz. A sample of the south zone in semi-leached material returned:\nGold, 0.01 oz. per ton; silver, 112.6 oz. per ton; lead, 5.9 per cent.; zinc, 0.8 per cent. Samples\nof the quartzose material, sparsely mineralized with pyrite and galena, from the south and\nnorth zones returned traces in gold and silver.\nOf two other similar zones, one, several hundred feet south-west from the large open-cut,\nhas a shaft sunk 50 feet in 1935 and a short adit 250 feet to the west; the second zone has an\n'old short adit just above Dry Creek and two cuts made in 1936. These two zones are less\npromising.\nThe season's exploration has been under the direction of William Faulkner. The three\nparallel zones are small and are in relatively unfaulted ground; their worth depends on there\nbeing a sufficient number of wider shoots to offset the undoubtedly narrow sections.\nCoquihalla Area.\nThis group of five located claims is held by P. Y. Smith, of Princeton, and\nColdwater. Dan Smith, of Vancouver. It is 4 miles north-west of Coquihalla Station\nand is three-quarters of a mile west of the Kettle Valley Railway. The\nworkings are on the extreme western edge of the broad Coldwater Valley, at the foot of a long\nmountain-slope. A good trail leads from the railway on to a gravel terrace and across a nearly\nflat bench with few outcrops to the foot of the 20-degree sloping hillside. The workings are\n150 feet above the flat and are 400 feet above the railway. D E2 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1936.\nThe rock formation is Eagle granodiorite of Cretaceous age, the contact of which, with\nTulameen greenstones, lies some 2,500 feet north-east on the strike of mineralization. The\nmineralization consists of a narrow vein which strikes north 40 degrees east and dips 70\ndegrees north-west. The granodiorite is a moderately coarse-grained, massive grey rock in\nwhich, besides the known vein, there is occasional evidence of tiny frozen quartz stringers\naccompanied by traces of sulphide mineralization; some pyritic shear-zones a few inches wide\noccur half a mile to the south.\nWorkings on the vein comprise a little stripping and one open-cut, immediately below\nwhich is a short adit. The adit consists of a 43-foot crosscut bearing north 50 degrees west\nand drifts 15 feet north-east and 20 feet south-west; a connection has been made with the\nopen-cut some 20 feet above. A second adit, 75 feet lower, has been faced off and would reach\nthe vein in about 250 feet; the ground flattens off a little below this point.\nThe vein is a mineralized shear-zone between gouge-planes within faintly altered granodiorite walls. It varies in width between 2 inches and 12 inches and averages 6 inches.\nSulphides include pyrite, galena, honey-coloured sphalerite, tetrahedrite, and, rarely, chalcopyrite; the gangue material consists of quartz and carbonate and, locally, of rock. The ore\nis frequently banded, and crustification and drusy cavities are common; quartz is finely\ncrystalline to chalcedonic and the carbonate includes some rhodochrosite. The wall-rock\ncontains pyrite in seams and scattered grains to a distance of several inches from the vein.\nSamples taken in the adit returned:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\n(1.) Vein, 6V2 inches wide, 25 per cent, gouge: Gold, 0.06 oz. per ton; silver, 19.2 oz.\nper ton; lead, 2.8 per cent.; zinc, 7.7 per cent.\n(2.) Vein, 12 inches wide, 10 per cent, gouge: Gold, 0.06 oz. per ton; silver, 22.6 oz. per\nton; lead, 2.1 per cent.; zinc, 4.9 per cent.\n(3.) Vein, 1V2 inches wide, 75 per cent, sulphides: Gold, 0.16 oz. per ton; silver, 16.8 oz.\nper ton; lead, 2.6 per cent.; zinc, 10.9 per cent.\n(4.) Vein, 5% inches wide, 90 per cent, sulphide: Gold, 0.08 oz. per ton; silver, 23.8 oz.\nper ton; lead, 6.5 per cent.; zinc, 14 per cent.\nThe vein is traceable as a narrow oxidized zone 750 feet north-east of the adit and is\nreported to extend a comparable distance to the south-west.\nNorth Thompson Area.*\nThe Homestake group comprises three Crown-granted claims, the Homestake,\nHomestake Maple Leaf, Troublesome, and Argentum, and three mineral claims, the\n(Squaam Bay). Maple Leaf No. 1, Maple Leaf No. 2, and the Arrow Fraction, staked in 1934\nand 1935. The group is owned by the Kamloops Homestake Mines, Limited,\n32 Fairfield Building, Vancouver. The property, on the Louis Creek-Squaam Bay Road, is\napproximately 3 miles north-westward from the head of Squaam Bay, on Adams Lake; or 18\nmiles easterly by auto-road from Louis Creek Station on the Canadian National Railway 36\nmiles north from Kamloops. The main adit is about 700 feet above the road and has been\ndriven into the north-west side of a canyonous creek, Falls Creek, which is tributary to Sinmax\nValley, the main valley leading south-easterly into Squaam Bay; the other workings are above\nthis adit and on the same side of Falls Creek.\nSteep V-shaped gulleys, combining to form Falls Creek, prevail in the vicinity of the\nworkings, whereas a relatively unbroken hillside extends north-westward and south-eastward;\nthis hillside, constituting the north-easterly side of Sinmax Valley, consists of steep, partly-\nwooded and talus-covered slopes.\nThe gully of Falls Creek and accessible slopes above expose a section of talcose-schist\napproximately 2,300 feet in thickness. The rocks exposed consist of talcose quartz-sericite\nschists and discontinuous, conformable lenses of phyllite, which strike north 40 degrees west\nand range in dip from 35 to 50 degrees north-east.\nThree gradational facies of the quartz-sericite schist may be discerned\u00E2\u0080\u0094a fine-grained,\nfissile phase yielding talus of very talcose flakes, a nodular phase containing ovoid portions of\ntalcose rock which may represent the squeezed pebbles of a conglomerate, and a finely fissile\nto platy phase that is partly chloritic. These phases probably represent gradational differences in the original sediments.\n* By J. S. Stevenson. SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (Nos. 3 AND 4). D 33\nThe schists are well exposed and contain abundant pyrite. The exposed extent of a large\ncross-sectional area of pyritiferous schists has been conducive to extreme oxidation of the\npyrite, resulting in sulphuric-acid solutions that have been further oxidized to yield the yellow\nferric sulphate which so conspicuously coats the outcroppings and schist talus fragments on the\nwalls of Falls Creek.\nWhere the bluffs steepen to vertical about 1,500' feet above the workings, the rock changes\nto platy greenstone which may be of igneous origin.\nA zone in the quartz-sericite schist has been partly replaced by massive barite and sulphides ; the barite preponderating in the foot-wall, known as the foot-wall lead, and the sulphides in the hanging-wall, known as the hanging-wall lead. These leads are commonly about\n15 feet apart. Although some layers of the barite may range from 1 foot to a measured\nmaximum of 31 feet in thickness, one band has maintained an approximately uniform thickness\nof 3 feet for an interrupted length of 200 feet. The number of bands in cross-sections of the\nlead ranges from one to a maximum observed of three; it is probable, however, that other sections may show more and narrower bands. The barite of the foot-wall lead, although massive,\nis banded by an alternation of dark- and light-grey bands, conforming in attitude to that of\nthe replaced schist; schist-partings, however, separate the different bands. Under the microscope the barite is seen to consist of a mosaic of equidimensional grains which average 0.2 mm.\nin diameter; these grains are relatively free from twinning or gliding, which would indicate\nthat the barite is of late formation, post-dating the general deformation and metamorphism\nof the replaced schists. Sulphides up to 1 per cent, in amount occur in discontinuous and\nindefinite bands parallel to the banding of the barite. The hanging-wall lead contains a\ngreater amount of sulphides than the foot-wall lead and a greater amount of silver; it has\nconstituted the ore in the mining operations to date. The lead, where exposed at present, consists of alternating bands of schist, barite, and sulphides, the proportions of which vary greatly\nfrom place to place. This lead is frequently cut by thin lenses of quartz that contain films\nof argentite in the fractures of the quartz. The sulphides include tetrahedrite, galena, sphalerite, pyrite, chalcopyrite, argentite, and a little native silver, listed in approximate order of\nabundance; ruby silver and native gold have been reported. Pyrite and chalcopyrite occur\nmainly in the hanging-wall lead; only an occasional grain being found in the foot-wall lead.\nThe pyrite-grains are unbroken, indicating absence of intense post-mineral deformation, but\nreplacement by the other sulphides tends to round the sharp corners of the cubes, and where\nwell-advanced to leave spherical grains of pyrite; the pyrite ranges in grain size from 0.2 mm.\n(210 microns) to 0.02 mm. (20 microns). Areas of sphalerite, galena, and tetrahedrite are in\nmutual contact, individual areas not being less than 0.3 mm. in diameter; they usually present\nsmooth, curving boundaries to each other. Argentite does not occur as an intergrowth in the\ngalena, but usually as thin films loosely adhering to the joint-planes of the quartz, which\nfrequently occurs as veinlets in the schist of the hanging-wall lead.\nThe discovery of the Homestake mineral-showings was made in Falls Creek in the summer\nof 1893, and between that year and 1896 development was in progress, and it is reported that\n20 tons of high-grade silver ore was shipped. In the old reports no mention is made of further\nactive work until 1918, when it was bonded by Eastern interests and hand-mining carried on by\nH. D. Cameron until 1919, when the option was dropped; and work ceased. Again in 1923 the\nproperty was honded to J. Trethewey, of Abbotsford, and associates, and' worked by them\nthrough 1924, but then dropped. Up until this time most of the work had been done east of\nthe main fault, but Tretheweys are reported to have proved1 ore for 200 feet westward from\nthe fault. In 1925 W. J. Bell reopened the workings, and between 1925 and November, 1927,\nwhen he ceased operations, shipped a considerable tonnage of ore. Bell sloped ground extending for approximately 150 feet westward from the main fault to the present No. 3 raise and\nfrom the main drift for about 110 feet up the dip of the schists. At the eastern end of this\nstope the lead is only a short distance from the surface, but in the vicinity of No. 3 raise it\nwould be about 275 feet along the dip from the surface. Because of the variability in width\nand sulphide content of the hanging-wall lead, the amount of ore in this unstoped area is\nindeterminate. Bell also operated below the main level, on what are known as the 40-foot,\n75-foot, and 150-foot levels, connected by a winze; but according to reports ore higher than\n25 oz. silver was not located. In 1935 the property was reopened by the Kamloops Homestake\nMines, Limited, which erected a mill of 30^40 tons daily capacity. This company cleaned out D 34 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1936.\nthe main adit and sank a winze from near the north-westerly end of the foot-wall drift. The\nwriter understands that this winze was sunk for about 85 feet and a sinuous drift driven\nsouth-eastward in an attempt to connect with the old workings on the hanging-wall lead;\nextremely bad ground apparently militated against the successful completion of this work.\nOperations by the company ceased in the spring of 1936. References to the Homestake property, Squaam Bay, may be found in: Geological Survey of Canada Annual Reports, 1894 and\n1921, and the Annual Reports of the Minister of Mines for 1893, 1895, 1897, 1913, 1917 to 1919,\n1922, and 1930.\nThe workings consist of three adits. The lowest and main adit is approximately 700 feet\nhigher in elevation than the highway; the middle or Apex adit is 72 feet above the main adit\nand the uppermost is 77 feet above the Apex.\nExtensive parts of these workings were caved at the time of the writer's examination.\nThe workings accessible in the main adit included the main entry-crosscut, workings lying\neasterly from the main fault, the drift along the foot-wall barite, No. 4 and the uppermost\npart of No. 3 raises.\nThe main adit has been driven north 20 degrees east for 240 feet to intersect the hanging-\nwall and foot-wall leads. At 110 feet from the portal a drift has been driven along the foot-\nwall lead north-westward for 300 feet; another drift 170 feet from the portal north-westward\nalong the hanging-wall lead a similar distance (this drift was entirely caved); at 160 feet\nfrom the portal a drift east for 55 feet along what is probably the foot-wall lead; from this\ndrift a raise and winze have been driven from a point 20 feet easterly from the main adit;\nand 10 feet farther along a crosscut has been advanced 60 feet north-eastward1.\nIn that drift going north-westward from a point 110 feet from the portal, and between\npoints 50 feet and 100 feet north-westerly from the main- adit, barite is continuously exposed; it\nstrikes north-west, dips 30 degrees north-easterly, and averages 3 feet in width; but the drift,\ngoing westerly into the foot-wall, loses the barite and does not encounter it again until within\n80 feet from the face, where a band of barite averaging 4 feet in width was followed for 45\nfeet until the drift turned into the hanging-wall for 30 feet to the face. Auxiliary workings\nfrom this drift include: At a point in the drift 50 feet north-westerly from the main adit, a\nraise (caved) and a short working going 30 feet in a direction north 75 degrees west, with a\nraise driven from it for 17 feet vertically into the hanging-wall, and then south 70 degrees west\nfor 33 feet on a 30-degree slope. This raise is in a lens of barite, varying from 3 feet to 1 foot\nin thickness and cut by a strike-fault which dips 45 degrees east; the barite-lens dipping 30\ndegrees\u00E2\u0080\u0094at 95 feet a caved working driven north-westward\u00E2\u0080\u0094at 220 feet a raise (No. 4) has\nbeen driven beyond and above the band of barite that had been encountered in the drift below\nand for 14 feet along a zone, 2 to 3 feet in width, of interbanded sulphides, barite, and schist,\nwhich constitutes the so-called hanging^wall zone. This has been followed for a short distance\nby a 20-foot drift south-eastward connecting this raise with No. 3 raise, now caved below, but\naccessible on a 25-degree slope for 31 feet to its face; thin 1-inch bands of mixed sulphides and\nbarite were seen in this raise, but they disappear 'before the face is reached. Presumably the\nraise, which is on a 25-degree slope, has been driven into the foot-wall of the zone; much of\nthe ground to the south-east of No. 3 raise is reported to have been stoped, and undoubtedly\nrepresents the main work on the hanging-wall lead. A winze at 45 degrees from the face has\nbeen sunk at 30 degrees down the dip of a 4- to 5-foot band of barite; this winze is reported\nto have followed the barite down for 88 feet; water, however, prevented the examination of\nthe winze and associated workings. Four short crosscuts, mostly caved, connect this drift with\nthe main portion of the drift, now caved, which is 25 to 30 feet north-eastward and is on the\nhanging-wall lead.\nAt 170 feet from the portal a drift, as indicated on old plans, has been driven northwestward for about 300' feet from the main adit; this drift was- inaccessible.\nAt 160 feet from the portal a drift has been driven eastward for 55 feet, the accessible\nportion, 30 feet, being along a barite-band, presumably the foot-wall band, which here averages\n6 feet in thickness. From this drift a winze and a raise, No. 1 raise, have been driven on the\nbarite from a point 20 feet easterly along the drift from the main adit; 10 feet farther along,\na crosscut has been driven 60 feet north-eastward across crumpled schists. The winze was\ninaccessible. SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (Nos. 3 AND 4). D 36\nNo. 1 raise has been driven on barite for its full length, 100 feet, on a 30-degree slope to\nthe surface, two small stopes, and a branching level lead from this stope, the most significant\nworking, being the level, 401 feet up the raise. At the face of the south-west branch of this\nlevel, 50 feet from the raise, and the same distance in the longer north-east but partly-caved\nbranch, an important fault, dipping steeply westward and striking north 45 degrees- east, cuts\nthe barite-band. As indicated by the foot-wall barite occurrences westward, the western portions of this band must have been displaced approximately 40 feet south-westward by the\nfault. This same fault outcrops on the surface between the entrance to No. 3 raise and the\nportal of the Apex adit.\nIn the raise and associated workings the barite varies in width from 4 feet to a maximum\nwidth of 15 feet.\nThe rock formation in this adit is grey, lustrous quartz-sericite schist, in which fissility is\nso well developed that caving occurs in unsupported ground.\nThe Apex adit is 80 feet north-westward from and 72 feet above the main adit. It has\nbeen driven north 28 degrees east for 37 feet, north 19 degrees west for 45 feet, and north 42\ndegrees west for 32 feet. South-east from the portal and 5 feet across the regional dip a\n1-foot band of barite occurs, and at the portal two 18-ineh bands separated by 18 inches of\nschist, and 30 feet in from the portal two bands of barite separated by 1 foot of schist\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nnamely, a 2-inch band and another which varies from 3 feet to 18 inches; all the barite-bands\nstrike north 45 degrees west and dip 30 degrees north-easterly. The adit is lagged from 30\nfeet in, to the face, and stoping is reported to have been done in the hanging-wall lead both\nabove and below the adit. Specimens from the wall along that portion of adit striking northwest consist of barite and sulphides that are typical of material from the hanging-wall lead.\nFor 50 feet from the face a broken quartz-lens, averaging 1 foot in thickness, strikes northwest and dips gently north-easterly across- the schist. The rock formation is grey schist.\nThe upper adit is 75 feet above and 125 feet in a direction north 20 degrees west from the\nApex. Only 50 feet of this working was accessible; in this distance the adit has been driven\nsouthward from the portal, and at 38 feet in encounters a 4-foot band of barite, which strikes\nnorth 50 degrees west and dips 30 degrees north-east. The rock formation is a talc-sericite\nschist.\nThe uppermost working of all is a 12-foot adit, 73 feet above and 80 feet in a direction\nnorth 63 degrees west from the previously described adit. This is in barite and is at the base\nof the Barite Bluff, which exposes a 31-foot thickness of grey barite. As seen in this working,\nthe lower contact of the barite is against a quartz-lens which cuts the schist up to the barite\nand then spreads along the base of the barite-band; the upper contact is indefinite, consisting\nof bands of barite decreasing in number and in thickness. This- thick band of barite does not\ncontinue for more than 35 feet along the strike.\nNumerous irregular and lenticular areas of quartz occur on the surface and in the workings. These are mostly conformable, but do crosscut the schists occasionally; however, they\ndo not cut the barite, but lens out either below or above a barite-band. The quartz is usually\nbarren, but in places carries pyrite. Frequently, however, the adjacent schists have become\nsilicified. Such lenses occur in the short adit below the Barite Bluff; in the Apex adit; in a\nbluff between the surface entry to No. 1 raise and the portal of the main adit, and at several\nplaces in the main adit. The quartz in the bluff consists of lenses- of watery quartz up to\n2 feet in thickness and separated by thin layers of schist; the strike-length of these lenses is\nnot greater than 20 feet. In the adit the largest occurrence is a 4-foot interbedded mass of\nbarren quartz 75 feet from the portal. These lenses of quartz do not appear to be of economic\ninterest.\nNumerous outcroppings of baritejbands occur in the shallow draw, which extends northward up the hill and a few feet west from the portal of the adits. These occur discontinuously\nnorth-westward from the portal of the Apex adit for approximately 75 feet and consist of two\nsets of bands, 15 feet apart across the dip; the bands are up to 1 foot in thickness and 15 feet\nlong, and probably represent a continuation of the foot-wall band as found in the Apex adit.\nIn addition to the main fault that strikes north-east and has displaced the ground to the\nnorth-west of it for a maximum estimated amount of 40 feet horizontally to the south-west,\nthere are numerous other faults of lesser magnitude which cut and displace both quartz-lenses D 36 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1936.\nand barite, but the displacements have not been so great or indeterminant that continuations\nof the leads have not been found beyond them.\nThe North Star group comprises the following mineral claims: Lydia,\nNorth Star Creede, Reno, Petrus, Thelma Fraction, Faros Number 1, and the Lark.\n(Birk Creek). These claims were variously staked in 1924, 1933, and 1934 by the present\nowners, Nick Forsberg, Oscar Bolin, Carl E. Johnston, and associates,\nof Barriere. The property is reached by 8 miles of good pack-horse trail up Birk Creek from\nCarl E. Johnston's ranch at the end of the North Barriere Lake Road; this ranch is 20 miles\nnorth-east from Barriere, a settlement on the North Thompson River some 40 miles north of\nKamloops.\nThe claims lie to the south-west of the headwaters of Birk Creek and at elevations ranging\nfrom 4,500 to 5,500 feet. The workings, as of June, 193'6, comprise a south and a north group.\nThe south group is the more extensive and consists of two short adits and several open-cuts,\nwhich have been driven on showings in the steep, easterly-facing slopes of Creede Creek, the\nuppermost south-west tributary of Birk Creek. The north group of workings, at an elevation of 4,500 feet, is some 4,000 feet north-west from the south and in the low-lying area at\nthe head of Birk Creek; these open-cuts, which have been driven into the bank of Birk Creek,\nare badly sloughed and only surface exposures could be examined.\nThe rock-types constitute a conformable, slightly metamorphosed series consisting of lustrous phyllite, flaggy, cherty quartzite, pebble conglomerate, a highly-altered feldspar-porphyry\ndyke, and two carbonate rocks, both conformable to the other rocks, but one consisting of\nankeritic carbonate and sericite and the other only of calcite, the former probably representing\nthe carbonization of some previous rock and the latter merely recrystallized limestone.\nThese rocks strike north 20* degrees west and range in dip from 50 degrees north-east to\nvertical. An ideal section north-eastward across the dip and along the hillside on the level of\nthe upper adit would show by actual exposures and by projection of beds along their strike to\nthe section-line the following approximate thicknesses: Ankeritic carbonate zone, 20' feet;\ngrey cherty quartzite, 30 feet; phyllite, 20 feet; pebble conglomerate, 15 feet; impure quartzite\nand phyllite zone, 40 feet.\nThe phyllite varies from a sandy shale with well-developad secondary cleavage to a black,\nwavy phyllite, the cleavage surfaces of which are made lustrous by abundant sericite. The\nquartzite is variable. A flaggy phase consists of ribs of light, greenish-grey or of black,\ncherty quartzite, the ribs ranging from 3 to 4 inches in thickness and alternating with shaly\nlayers which range from V* to V2 inch in thickness. A more massive phase consists of a dark-\ngrey, coarse aggregate of watery quartz-grains accompanied by a few feldspar and hornblende\ngrains. Stresses on this rock have been sufficient to develop a periphery of fine-grained quartz\naround the larger grains of quartz, but not to impart any marked lineal structures to the rock.\nThe fine pebble conglomerate to coarse grit contains both smooth and angular pebbles,\noriented with the strike of the main rock-mass, and ranging in size from Vi by % inch to\nVw by Vs inch. The pebbles represent dense, light-grey feldspathic and black cherty rock-\ntypes and are set- in a fine-grained quartzitic matrix spotted by aggregates of replacing\nankeritic-carbonate grains. The ferruginous carbonate-zone occurs both in the south and\nnorth workings. It is seen to consist of alternating patches of carbonate and densely-packed\nsericite fibres that replace the carbonate and are evidently a manifestation of hydrothermal\naction. A few large, irregular quartz-grains are also present. The limestone occurs in a few\nscattered points between the north and south workings; unlike the ferruginous carbonate-zone,\nthe limestone does not weather brown but to a dark-greyish mass of granular calcite.\nMedium-grained and highly-altered diorite outcrops north-westward up the creek from\nthe showings of the north-group; it is in contact with the ferruginous limestone.\nQuartz-sulphide bodies occur as irregular lenses and as more or less tabular veins cutting\nthe various members of the above metamorphic series. The sulphides in the veins are chiefly\ngalena and sphalerite; occasional bunches of pyrite and small amounts of chalcopyrite occur,\nbut no tetrahedrite was seen. Ankeritic carbonate, earlier in formation than the quartz veins,\nis widespread in the rock formations and usually occurs as small scattered patches of rusty-\nweathering grains. Gold values are low, but silver, lead, and- zinc values are comparatively\nhigh. SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (Nos. 3 AND 4). D 37\nSouth Showings.\u00E2\u0080\u0094These showings have received the greater amount of prospecting and\ntherefore will be described in some detail.\nThe workings may be divided into three generalized groups\u00E2\u0080\u0094(1) a western, disclosing a\ntabular vein which strikes north-south in flaggy, grey, cherty quartzite; (2) a central group,\nshowing disconnected quartz-lenses in sheared phyllites and black quartzites; and (3) an\neastern group, exploring a roughly tabular quartz vein in phyllites, impure quartzite, and\nconglomerate.\n(1.) Five open-cuts and strippings beginning to the west of and continuing south from\nthe upper adit have exposed a tabular quartz vein, presumably continuous from the first\nexposure, beginning at a place 30 feet south-west from this adit and extending southwards\na distance of approximately 150 feet on a 30-degree hillside sloping up towards the south.\nThe vein strikes north, dips from 45 degrees to 50 degrees west, and varies from 4 inches to\n2 feet in width, but the change is gradual. The vein cuts flaggy quartzite that strikes north\n30 degrees west and dips approximately vertical. The vein-matter is mostly quartz, but small\npockets of galena and pyrite occasionally occur.\n(2.) Several open-cuts and one adit, the upper, have been driven on the various disconnected lenses of quartz comprising the central group, the description of which immediately\nfollows.\nThe most northerly of four cuts has been dug on the west side of the creek at a point\n80 feet westerly from the cabin. These four open-cuts have been dug across a northerly-\nstriking zone of irregular quartz-lenses. Ninety feet of strike-length has been partly explored\nby these cuts. The strike of the different portions of these showings varies from north to\n20 degrees east and west of north; the dips are very variable. The widths range from a\nfew inches to 3 feet of quartz. Small segregations of galena occur in the lenses; such\nmaterial carries the values. A sorted sample taken by the Resident Engineer in 1935 from\nthe second cut southwards assayed: Gold, 0.54 oz.; silver, 40.6 oz.; lead, 62 per cent.; zinc,\ntrace.\nThe showings in that portion of the second group lying on the east side of the creek have\nbeen explored by one large open-cut, the upper adit, and by intermediate strippings. The\nopen-cut is 140 feet south-east from the cabin; the adit is 120' feet south from this cut and 100\nfeet higher in elevation. The open-cut has been driven for 25 feet along a narrow zone, 4 to 5\nfeet wide, consisting of black, sheared phyllite that lies between two zones of flaggy, cherty\nquartzite, striking north 20 degrees west and dipping 50 degrees north-easterly; black quartzite\nlies on the east and a light-grey variety on the west of the sheared phyllite. The face of this\ncut shows three irregular and connected quartz-lenses in the sheared phyllite; the maximum\nwidth of any portion is 10 inches; sulphides are scarce.\nBetween the 25-foot cut and the upper adit (the position of these has been given in the\nforegoing paragraph) there are four irregular areas of milky quartz; they contain very little\nsulphides. The largest lens measures 16 feet across an irregular width.\nThe upper adit, 245 feet in a direction south 15 degrees east from the cabin, begins as\na deep open-cut driven south 32 degrees east for 36 feet, then as an adit at south 18 degrees east\nfor 26 feet and south 40 degrees west for 21 feet. Six feet from the face a 6-inch tabular\nquartz vein containing patches of pyrite strikes north-south across the adit and dips 50\ndegrees east. Four feet farther from the face, quartz-lenses carrying similar sulphides occur;\non the east wall there being a group of 10-inch lenses and on the west wall 3 feet of lenticular\nquartz. From 10 feet outside the portal to a point 15 feet in, there is a vein that is variable in\nstrike and dip but continuous; 10 feet outside the portal it begins at a place 4 feet and 2 feet\nfrom the floor in the east and the west walls respectively, and 15 feet in it disappears in the\nfloor as a vein, striking north-west and dipping 20 degrees south-west; here it carries abundant\nsulphides, and a sample taken across a 24-inch width by the Resident Engineer in 1935 assayed:\nGold, 0.20 oz.; silver, 19.6 oz.; lead, 32 per cent.; zinc, 4 per cent. The rock for 10 feet from\nthe face is grey, flaggy, cherty quartzite, striking north 20 degrees west, dipping 75 degrees\nnorth-east in conformable contact with phyllite that extends to the portal and the open-cut.\n(3.) The workings on the third or eastern group of showings consist of four surface cuts,\nand a low-level adit, known as the lower adit, driven to intersect the downward extension of\nquartz veins exposed in the upper open-cuts; at the time of examination the adit had not\nencountered any vein-matter. This lower adit is 165 feet in a direction south 58 degrees D 38 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1936.\neast from the cabin; it is also at approximately the same elevation as, and some 75 feet in a\ndirection north 70 degrees east from, the 25-foot open-cut on the east side of the creek and\ndescribed under group (2). It has been driven south 88 degrees east for 18 feet, south 40\ndegrees east for 25 feet, and south 7 degrees east for 21 feet. Twenty-five feet from the face\nit follows a fault-zone approximately 8 inches wide and containing some gouge; the face shows\n2 inches of gouge in this fault, which, at the face, strikes north 20 degrees west and dips 60\ndegrees east. Along the back there are many small drag-folded quartz stringers in the\nphyllitic wall-rock. It is to be noted that the hanging-wall of the fault in the face is phyllite,\nwhereas the foot-wall is dark impure quartzite, which continues for 20 feet along the west wall\nof the drift.\nAt a point 240 feet in a direction south 50- degrees east from the cabin, or 80 feet south\n30 degrees east from and 60 feet higher than the portal of the lower adit, a short open-cut has\nbeen driven across a shear and on a quartz-sulphide lens that averages 1 foot in width. A 20-\ninch foot-wall sample taken across this by the Resident Engineer in 1936 assayed: Gold, 0.36\noz.; silver, 40.6 oz.; lead, 52 per cent.; zinc, trace. The rock is sheared phyllite.\nTwenty-five feet above and some 15 feet south from the short open-cut last described, trenching has exposed a quartz vein ranging from 1 foot to 2 feet in width that strikes north and\ndips 50 degrees easterly. The north end of this exposure is bent and dies out in a strong vertical shear-zone striking approximately north 20 degrees west, but the vein continues southwards up the hill to a third cut driven southward for 8 feet. In this cut the vein ranges in\nwidth from 12 to 18 inches, and towards the face is drusy and contains a greater amount of\ngalena and pyrite than in the lower cut. It is to be noted that in the lower cut and in the\nportal of the upper, the vein is in slightly sheared, impure quartzite, but towards the face of\nthe upper it enters a hard massive band of pebble conglomerate that is approximately 15\nfeet thick.\nA band of conglomerate probably the same is exposed 160 feet south and some 50 feet\nhigher in elevation, where a stripping 30 feet long exposes a quartz vein which strikes north\nand dips 55 degrees east; this vein attains a maximum width of 1 foot, becoming lenticular\nwhen it passes from massive conglomerate and impure quartzite into sheared phases of these\nand of phyllitic rocks. The continuity of this vein or its possible connection with that exposed\nin the three lower cuts has not been proved by work along its strike. It is to be noted that the\nonly intrusive on these north showings occurs 25 feet west of the last-mentioned showing.\nHere an 8-foot feldspar-porphyry dyke strikes west for an exposed distance of 40' feet through\nimpure quartzites, and has been so thoroughly carbonatized by ankeritic carbonate that the\nsurface outcrop is a brown earthy mass.\nNorth Showings.\u00E2\u0080\u0094The north showings are some 4,000 feet north-west from the south\ngroup and are in the upper stretches of Birk Creek at an altitude of approximately 4,590 feet.\nThe two workings on these showings consist of a combined open-cut and adit in south bank\nof Birk Creek, and a second open-cut some 160 feet westerly up the creek; these have been\ndriven from the creek-level southward into a cut-bank that is approximately 30 feet high.\nSince no recent work had been done, the adit was caved and the open-cuts badly sloughed at\nthe time of the examination.\nThe first, or easterly showing, consists of several sinuous quartz veins that range from\n1 to 12 inches wide and occur in highly sheared phyllite and phyllitic conglomerate.\nThe sheared phyllitic rock is in conformable contact on the west, with a massive red\nweathering and highly ferruginous carbonate-zone which strikes north 30 degrees west and\ndips approximately vertical.\nThe sulphides in the quartz veins consist of abundant sphalerite and galena, with minor\namounts of pyrite and chalcopyrite; no tetrahedrite was seen.\nA section of rock approximately 40 feet long by 10 feet high has been exposed by the\nsloughing of this old open-cut and short drift (reported length 10 feet) ; the latter was\napparently driven on the strongest of the quartz veins described above, although the face is\nreported to contain material similar to some dump material which was seen to be a granular\nquartzose rock made blotchy by scattered patches of galena, sphalerite, and ankeritic carbonate; this rock appears to represent incipient replacement of the impure quartzite by sulphides and ankeritic carbonate. SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (Nos. 3 AND 4).\nD 39\nThe second or westerly showing, approximately 150 feet north-westward up the creek from\nthe first, consists of one open-cut approximately 10 feet in diameter. Here a section of\npyritized quartzite lying in the foot-wall and east of some massive ferruginous limestone is cut\nby a shear-zone 2 to 3 feet wide; the shear contains numerous 1- to 4-inch stringers of quartz;\nmineralization is slight. The shearing is conformable to the general attitude of the rock,\nwhich strikes north 20 degrees west and is approximately vertical in dip. It is to be noted\nthat this showing is westward from the easterly showing and is across the strike of the\nformation.\nNo ore had been shipped at the time of examination.\nThis group consists of six mineral claims, Twin Mountain Nos. 1 to 6, inclu-\nTwin Mountain, sive, staked in December, 1936, and owned by Henry Height and associates, of\nBarriere. The camp, at an elevation of 4,500 feet, and the workings, at an\nelevation of 5,000 feet, are on the west side of Adams Lake, the elevation of which is 1,360 feet.\nThey may be reached from Samatosum (Johnston) Creek, which is 6 miles up Adams Lake\nfrom Agate (Squaam) Bay, by a steep pack-horse trail about 5 miles long. The cabin is on\na heavily-wooded, low plateau, but the showings are on a steep and also heavily-wooded hillside\nwhich slopes south-westward to the plateau; they are some 500 feet above the cabin.\nThe workings consist of twelve trenches and strippings across a dolomite-zone that\naverages 10 feet in width and is enclosed in rocks which vary from quartz-sericite to greenstone\nschist. This zone strikes north-west and has been traced by the cross-trenches for approximately 4,600 feet. Inasmuch as the showings in these trenches are all very similar, they will\nnot be described in detail.\nThe dolomite-zone consists of a main layer, ranging from 9 to 20 feet in width, that is\naccompanied by other thinner layers spaced a few feet on either side of the main one and which\nrange in width from 10 inches to 10 feet; all the layers are separated by beds of schist, with\nwhich they are usually conformable. Where the zone is not conformable, however, it is seen\nthat the schist is bent in the direction of the dolomite layer, indicating that in such instances\nthe dolomite occupies a fault, movement along which bent and dragged the schist in the\ndirection indicated.\nThe schists strike north 45 degrees west and dip 50 degrees north-east. Frequently the\ndolomite is cut by quartz-lenses which are quite discontinuous, pinching out within a few feet,\nand which range in thickness from an inch up to 3 feet. The dolomite itself is by no means\npure, but is an intimate mixture of quartz, dolomite, and sulphides. Both the dolomite and the\nquartz contain varying amounts of galena, sphalerite, pyrite, and chalcopyrite. Several\nsamples across the mineralized zone were taken, and these are enumerated below:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nGold.\nSilver.\nLead.\nZinc.\nNature of Sample.\nOz. per Ton.-\nOz. per Ton.\nPer Cent.\nPer Cent.\n0.50\n0.3\n0.84\n3.7\nAcross 2 feet of heavily mineralized dolomite. *\n0.02\n5.0\n36.50\n3.5\nPicked, heavy galena specimens.\nTrace\n3.0\n18.90\nAcross 6 inches oxidized dolomite, but showing considerable\ngalena.\n0.02\n2.0\n14.00\nSelected heavy sulphides from contact of schist and dolomite.\nTrace\nTrace\nHeavy pyrite in a quartz-lens.\nThe rock formations consist of a gradational series of schists that strike north 45 degrees\nwest and dip 50 degrees north-easterly. In the immediate vicinity of the dolomite they vary\nfrom buff-coloured, paper schist\u00E2\u0080\u0094i.e., quartz-sericite schist\u00E2\u0080\u0094to a mottled, light-green phase\u00E2\u0080\u0094\ni.e., one containing small amounts of chlorite. In the bluffs, which lie 25 to 100 feet to the\nnorth-east, greenstone-schist occurs; this is quite green and chloritic and frequently more\nmassive than the quartz-sericite schist. It is to be noted that the greenstone is conspicuously\ncut by many veinlets of dolomite.\nAdams Plateau Area.*\nAdams Plateau.\u00E2\u0080\u0094This plateau extends between Adams Lake on the west and the North\nFork of Scotch Creek on the east, a distance of some 12 miles from east to west. The plateau\n* By J. S. Stevenson. D 40 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1936.\nproper is at an elevation of 6,000 feet, is approximately 7 miles in diameter, and equidistant\nbetween Adams Lake and Scotch Creek.\nThe writer wishes to state clearly that the names applied to the various groups of workings\ndescribed in this report are the names under which such groups have been described in the\nAnnual Report of the Minister of Mines for previous years, and that they are also the names\nby which such groups are locally known. Because of the lapsing of claims and of restaking\nduring this summer (1936), the present ownership, grouping, and new naming of claims has\nnot been officially ascertained for this report.\nOn the plateau and close to its rim there are four properties, or rather groups of claims\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nthe Lucky Coon (McGillivray group), the King Tut, the Speedwell (Thornton-McLeod)- group,\nand the Mosquito King (Bisehoff group).\nThe first three are near the headwaters of Spillman Creek and are reached from Adams\nLake; they were examined by the writer. The fourth is reached from Scotch Creek and was\nnot examined. The average elevation of these groups is 6,000 feet. Between the first three,\nwhich are on the north-westerly edge of the plateau, and Adams Lake, there are two other\ngroups\u00E2\u0080\u0094the Donnamore (Lund) group at an elevation of approximately 4,500 feet and the\nDelia group at an elevation of approximately 3,500 feet.\nWith the exception of the Mosquito King group, the above-mentioned properties are\nreached from Adams Lake. A motor-road goes from Squilax, which is 41 miles east of\nKamloops on the Revelstoke Highway, to the south end of Adams Lake, 9 miles distant. From\nhere three routes may be followed\u00E2\u0080\u0094the best is by a good pack-horse trail which begins at the\nsouth end of Adams Lake, approaches the plateau from the south side, following a route which\nlies west of Nikwikwaia (Gold) Creek, climbing steeply for 5V2 miles to 6,000 feet elevation,\nthat of Adams Lake being 1,360 feet, and then along the top of the plateau northward for 5%\nmiles to the properties, which are near the headwaters of the main West Fork of Spillman\nCreek. The second route is by motor-boat for 18 miles up the lake to Spillman Creek and\nthence south-easterly by a steep foot-trail (McLeod's trail) for 6 miles to the properties. The\nthird route is by way of a very steep trail (Wilson's trail) from a point on the east shore 13\nmiles from the south end of the lake. This reaches the plateau and the properties within\na distance of approximately 4 miles.\nThe outcrop of the mineralized zone on the main plateau groups (Lucky Coon and King\nTut) extends north-eastward along the rim of the plateau at an average elevation of 6,000 feet.\nOn the west and north-west the badly-burned hillside slopes steeply, 20 degrees to 40 degrees,\ntowards Adams Lake. On the east and south-east the country is gently rolling and is of\na typically alpine, open-grazing type, with interspersed meadows and thickets of scrub spruce\nand balsam.\nWith the exception of the Delia (described in the Annual Report of the Minister of Mines\nfor 1934), which is a small showing of silver-bearing grey copper, all these properties are\nlead-zinc prospects. The oldest groups and those on which most work has been done are the\nLucky Coon (McGillivray) and King Tut groups.\nThese properties were first described in the Annual Report of the Minister of Mines for\n1927. At that time three main exposures were known on the Lucky Coon\u00E2\u0080\u0094namely, the main\nLucky Coon showing to the north-east, the showing in Spillman Creek, 4,000 feet to the southwest on the then Elsie claim, and an intermediate one in a small creek on the then Golden Eagle\nclaim. Apparently at that time very little work had been done. In 1928 the Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting, and Power Company optioned the Lucky Coon group and did 694 feet\nof diamond-drilling, 3,420 feet of trenching, and 52 feet of drifting (Annual Report of the\nMinister of Mines for 1928, page 210), then relinquished the option. From the 1930 Report it\nis inferred that the Granby Company drilled six holes. A small amount of further prospecting\nwas done in 1929 by H. McGillivray (one of the original stakers) and associates.\nSince 1930 no new work of importance has been done on the Lucky Coon group. One\nthousand feet of surface work is reported to have been done in 1932 on the King Tut group and\nstripping and the driving of short workings done on the Speedwell and Donnamore groups to\nthe north-west. Many of the claims have lapsed and were restaked this summer (1936), so\nthe exact ownership is not known. However, the names used are those under which the\nproperties have been previously described in the Annual Reports of the Minister of Mines. SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (Nos. 3 AND 4). D 41\nReferences to the Adams Plateau area may be found in the Annual Reports of the Minister\nof Mines for the years 1927 to 1932, inclusive, and for 1934.\nThe mineralization consists of narrow, slightly lenticular, layers of sulphides\nLucky Coon and silicified rock, and represents the replacement of limy, quartz-sericite\n(McGillivray) schists, phyllites, and greenstone-schists, by mineralizing solutions. That\nGroup. which has been considered as possible ore is a narrow layer, in places two\nlayers, ranging from 20 inches to 4 inches in width and averaging approximately 10 inches, that extends from the main Lucky Coon showing on the north-east to the\nElsie showing in Spillman Creek, a distance of approximately 4,000 feet. Typical specimens\nof the sulphides were polished and studied under the metallographic microscope.\nExcept where extremely massive, the ore is definitely banded. The sulphides include\narsenopyrite, pyrite, sphalerite, galena, and argentite and a little tetrahedrite in a very\nsiliceous gangue. The proportions of the sulphides to one another, or to the gangue, vary\nconsiderably along the strike of any one bed.\nArsenopyrite, ranging from 1 to 25 per cent, of the sulphides, occurs as well-crystallized,\ndiamond-shaped grains ranging from 1 millimetre to 0.5 millimetre in diameter, or as smaller\ngrains averaging 0.02 millimetre, the smaller grains representing larger ones which have been\nnearly replaced by sphalerite or galena.\nPyrite, ranging from 1 to 75 per cent, of the sulphides, occurs characteristically as cubes\nthat may be embayed or largely replaced by sphalerite or galena, but which are markedly\nunbroken by fracturing. This indicates that there has been little or no stress on the pyrite\nsince its formation. The large cubes average 1 millimetre in size, but smaller areas average\n0.05 millimetre. Many of the larger cubes are by no means solid pyrite, but may contain up\nto 25 per cent, of small, cusp-shaped areas of replacing sphalerite and galena.\nThe sphalerite and galena are commonly intimately intergrown; the galena replacing the\nsphalerite in such a manner that embayed islands of sphalerite with intricate cusp-shaped\nborders to the galena prevail. A study of sphalerite-galena areas, free from other sulphides\nor gangue, indicates that the galena may contain up to 40 per cent, sphalerite, an average size-\ndistribution of sphalerite areas being 5 per cent. 0.07 mm., 85 per cent. 0.035 mm., and 10 per\ncent. 0.007 mm. Areas of single sulphides greater than 0.07 mm. in size are not common.\nIn addition to sphalerite, a field of galena may contain numerous islands of arsenopyrite,\npyrite, and gangue of similar size and shape, the aggregate amount of these exceeding that\nof the galena.\nArgentite occurs only in the galena and as small irregular areas averaging 50 microns\nin size; it is not common and can only be seen by careful etching of a galena surface.\nThe rock formations affected by the sulphide mineralization include quartz-sericite schist,\ngreenstone-schist, and phyllite, all somewhat limy, ranging in strike from north 50 to 60 degrees\neast and in dip from 30 to 50 degrees north-westerly; however, a large area of quartzite is\nfound in the vicinity of Nikwikwaia Lakes, lying 1% miles south-westerly from the Elsie adit\nin Spillman Creek and approximately half a mile south-east from the projected strike of the\nabove rocks. The quartz-sericite schist is light grey in colour and so well foliated that the\nweathering of outcrops gives rise to an abundance of Ane Aake-talus; under the microscope\nthe schist is seen to consist of wide bands of Ane-grained quartz containing an abundance of\nsericite, and of narrower bands of chlorite and well-crystallized calcite. The greenstone-\nschist grades imperceptibly into the above, the only difference being a marked increase in the\nchlorite content. The phyllite is a lustrous black rock, the foliation-planes of which are\nminutely crenulated; microscopically it is seen to consist of broad, wavy layers of cloudy,\ncarbonaceous material and Ane-grained quartz and of thinner, lenticular streaks of calcite or\nof recrystallized quartz; minute Abres of sericite are very widespread. The quartzite is a\nlight, grey weathering rock cut by numerous, sinuous, quartz veinlets. Microscopically the\nrock consists of a mosaic of clear quartz-grains containing numerous shreds and some lenticular\nbands of sericite, and cut by veinlets of more coarsely-crystallized quartz.\nThe following description of the workings will conform as much as possible to descriptions\nin previous reports:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nCross-sections of the main band, which were available for sampling on the McGillivray\ngroup, were few and only four samples taken. These compare in kind with those reported by D 42 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1936.\nthe Department in previous years, and indicate that in proportion to the lead there is a large\namount of zinc present and not large amounts of silver.\nThe most important showing on the McGillivray group is the main Lucky Coon showing.\nHere a cut exposes a length along the dip of 15 feet and a width across the dip of 4 feet. The\nsulphide-lens as exposed ranges from 10 to 14 inches in thickness and consists of banded galena,\npyrite, arsenopyrite, and sphalerite in a siliceous gangue; the latter constitutes about 10 per\ncent, of the vein-matter. A sample taken across 14 inches assayed: Gold, 0.02 oz. per ton;\nsilver, 3.4 oz. per ton; copper, nil; lead, 3 per cent.; zinc, 16 per cent.; and arsenic, trace.\nImmediately adjacent to this cut on the south-west the hillside (a dip-slope) has been\nstripped in two sections, one 100 feet long and the other 65 feet long; both having a maximum\nslope-width of approximately 25 feet. These strippings show that there is one, and sometimes\ntwo, lenses of ore; a hanging-wall lens attaining a maximum width of 8 inches and a foot-wall\nlens of 20 inches. A thin parting of schist separates them. Several large blocks of slide-rock\nlie in this stripping. These blocks average 5 feet square, 1 to 2 feet in thickness, and contain\nwidths of ore comparable to that mentioned; it is evident from their orientation that these\nslabs have moved only a few feet from their outcrop. A sample taken across the full width of\nthe mineralization-\u00E2\u0080\u0094namely, 12 inches\u00E2\u0080\u0094in one of these slabs assayed: Gold, 0.02 oz. per ton;\nsilver, 17 oz. per ton; lead, 14.5 per cent.; zinc, 24 per cent.; arsenic, 1.5 per cent. The rock\nformation in the vicinity is a well-oxidized quartz-sericite schist.\nOne hundred feet south-west from this stripping a small trench shows a 3-foot section\nacross schist which contains a 1- to 4-inch band of pyrite, arsenopyrite, and a small amount\n(approximately 1 per cent.) of galena in a very quartzose gangue.\nSeven hundred feet south-west from the last a diagonal stripping south-westward up\nthe hill for 120 feet exposes a 1-foot lens of sulphides and quartz; heavy galena occasionally\nis as wide as 3 inches.\nOne hundred and fifty feet south-west from the top of this there is a shallow, caved,\ninclined shaft on a 10-inch lens of rusty schist, containing a few small kidneys of galena.\nOne hundred and fifty feet south-west from the incline another diagonal stripping southwest up the hill for 120 feet exposes 10 inches of quartz and mixed sulphides, arsenopyrite\nbeing abundant.\nThe next showing is 800 feet to the south-west in a gulch. Here a short section, 10 inches\nwide, of sulphides, chiefly sphalerite, lies in lustrous black phyllites; some beds are limy. Very\nlittle work has been done here.\nThe last main showing is an adit referred to as the Elsie adit, driven for 25 feet north-east\ninto the bank of the main westerly branch of Spillman Creek. This is a drift along two bands\nof heavy galena, 6 inches and 14 inches in width and separated by a 6-inch parting of black\nphyllite. This is by far the best section of galena on the property. A composite sample across\nthese two bands and omitting the rock-parting assayed: Gold, 0.02 oz. per ton; silver, 14.8\noz. per ton; lead, 22 per cent.; zinc, 16 per cent.; arsenic, trace.\nA sample was taken across the continuation of the adit-band across the creek and represents a 12-inch section containing three 2- to 3-inch lenses of mineralization similar to that in\nthe adit; this sample assayed: Gold, 0.02 oz. per ton; silver, 10.2 oz. per ton; copper, nil;\nlead, 17 per cent.; zinc, 32 per cent.; arsenic, trace.\nJust above the cap of the adit there is a large lens of barren whits quartz that is 4 feet\nthick and extends 10 feet down the dip of the phyllites; it is apparently a discontinuous bodv.\nIn the vicinity of the Elsie adit, Spillman Creek affords the best cross-section of the rocks\navailable. To the north-west of the creek adit\u00E2\u0080\u0094i.e., in the north-west section\u00E2\u0080\u0094the rocks are\nexposed for 400 feet down the creek and are black, lustrous phyllites, with no sulphide lenses.\nTo the south-east the foot-wall section is exposed for 1,000 feet up the creek; here the rocks\nare chiefly greenstone-schists, which for the last 200 feet on the south-east contain a few\nintercalated limestone-bands. Other than one 3-foot indefinite lens of pyritie replacement,\nno sulphide-lenses similar to the main one were seen in this section.\nAlthough Spillman Creek affords the only section across the strike of the prospected band of\nmineralization, it seems hardly possible that this section would have been so placed as to\nmiss all possible other lenses in the foot-wall or hanging-wall of the main band. It is probable,\ntherefore, that in this vicinity there are no other lenses or bands of galena-sulphide mineralization. SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (Nos. 3 AND 4). D 43\nNo heavy galena has been found south-west of the Spillman Creek adit. Several open-\ncuts have been dug at intervals for a distance of 1,400 feet to the south-west, but these are\nacross three very quartzose bands of sulphides, which consist chiefly of pyrite and arsenopyrite;\nalthough galena does occur in small amounts. Although the average width of these bands is\n1 foot, a pit in the most north-westerly group shows 5 feet of strong silicification with accompanying arsenopyrite, a little pyrite and galena. A 5-foot sample across this assayed: Gold,\n0.04 oz. per ton; silver, 3.4 oz. per ton; copper, nil; lead, 2 per cent.; zinc, 10'per cent; arsenic,\n2.5 per cent.\nThe showings are on the old Thornton-McLeod property, the King Tut, and\nKing Tut Group, adjoins the McGillivray property, Lucky Coon group, on the north and east.\nThe workings consist of two short adits, one of which is completely caved,\nand strippings. The accessible adit is 225 feet north-east from the caved adit and is 3,000\nfeet north-east from the main Lucky Coon showing, first described. At present there are no\nshowings in the 3,000 feet between the King Tut -and Lucky Coon. The open adit is driven\nnorth 50 degrees west across sericite-schists and 15 feet from the portal it cuts a 1%-foot\nsiliceous band, which contains a little pyrite, galena, and sphalerite.\nFive hundred feet eastward across a meadow two strippings, each 25 feet long and 25 feet\napart, expose a hard siliceous rib, 2 to 2% feet wide. This is chiefly quartz but contains small\namounts of mixed sulphides, pyrite, arsenopyrite, galena, and sphalerite. A short 2- to 3-inch\nlens of a fine-grained mixture of galena and- sphalerite was seen.\nApproximately 1,000 feet north-east from here several trenches have been dug, but these\nhave all sloughed and no work was evident in any of them. Judging from the sparsity of\nmineral samples on the dumps, nothing of importance was found in these trenches.\nThese workings are on a bench on the steep hillside about 6,000 feet in eleva-\nSpeedwell Group, tion. They are below and 1 mile north 40 degrees east from the King Tut\nadits. The mineralization is by no means similar to that in the Lucky Coon\nor King Tut workings. Two short adits, one caved and the other locked, have been driven on\ndecomposed rusty schist and phyllite that evidently originally contained abundant pyrite as\nthe only important sulphide. The rock formations include quartzose-schist and phyllite in the\nimmediate vicinity of the workings and 200 feet north of them steep bluffs of monzonite.\nThe workings on this property are on a steep hillside sloping into one of the\nDonnamore eastern branches of Spillman Creek. They lie between 4,500 and 5,000 feet\n(Lund) Group, elevation and are approximately 3 miles north 35 degrees east from the\nLucky Coon showings. At present the property may be reached by either of\ntwo ways\u00E2\u0080\u0094by a steep foot-trail, approximately 4% miles long, and a climb of 3,200 feet from\nthe eastern shore of Adams Lake at the mouth of Spillman Creek; or by a steeper trail\ndescending 1,500 feet for approximately 1% miles from the King Tut showings.\nThe workings examined are very definitely off the plateau. The strippings show a predominant series of laminated argillaceous-quartzite rocks, silicified in varying degrees, and\ncontaining a very strongly silicified band, 6 inches to 2 feet wide, the latter including occasional\nconcentrations of pyrite, galena, and sphalerite.\nA sample across 2 feet of this material assayed: Gold, O.02 oz. per ton; silver, 1.6 oz. per\nton; lead, nil; zinc, 22 per cent.; arsenic, trace.\nThis is on the east side of Adams Lake, some 3 miles south of Squaam Bay.\nLincoln Although it is not on the plateau, mention is made of it here to indicate that\nProperty. the mineralization is not a continuation of that found on the plateau. The\noccurrence is a relatively clean 18-inch replacement-band of pyrite and some\nquartz in grey quartz-sericite schists which strike north 45 degrees west and dip 45 degrees\nnorth-east. The average strike of the schists, etc., on the plateau is north 50 degrees east and\nthe dip north 50 degrees west. The work done on this property consists only of one short adit\nand three to four small strippings; they are all at lake-level.\nPLACER DEPOSITS.\nHarris Creek.\nHarris Creek flows into the broad Lumby-Long Lake Valley at a point 3% miles south-west\nof Lumby. The creek heads in the Buck Hills and flows north-west some 14 miles to its- con- D 44 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1936.\nfluence with Nicklen Creek, and from this point, north and east to Shuswap River, the combined\nstream is known as Bessette Creek. To avoid confusion the latter name is not used in this\nreport. From a point 13 miles east of Vernon, on the Vernon-Edgewood Highway, the creek\nis reached by a side-road 2% miles in length.\nThe elevation of the lower section of Harris Creek is about 2,000 feet and that of the\nnear-by summits is 3,500 feet and more. Below the principal tributary, McAuley (Gold)\nCreek, and for 2 miles above, a total distance of IVz miles, the creek flows in a flat-bottomed\nvalley with steep sides, the average width of valley-bottom being commonly 600 to 700 feet\nand in a few places 300' to 400 feet; the grade is about 80 feet per mile. Immediately below\nthe mouth of Nicklen Creek is a section of canyon about 100 feet wide and 600 feet long, from\nwhich the creek enters upon the broad Lumfoy Valley. A prominent gravel-bench level flanks\nthe Lumby Valley at a height of 200 feet and is preserved in sections in at least the lower\n6 miles of Harris Creek Valley. Timber is heavy in the creek-bottom and on the south side of\nthe valley, the north side of which is openly wooded.\nGeology.\u00E2\u0080\u0094The rocks of the region are principally schists and gneisses of considerable\nage. At the mouth of the creek mica-schist is the common rock-type, and above the mouth a\ngrey-coloured, gneissose dioritic rock is plentiful. Abundant boulders of a dark-grey lava in\nthe stream-gravels point to the presence of Tertiary lavas near the headwaters. Little is\nknown of the distribution of these rocks, or of the precise age and character, beyond the fact\nthat the pre-Tertiary rocks form a complex assemblage of highly altered sedimentary and\nvolcanic materials intruded by one or more ages of granitic rocks. A few quartz veins are\nknown, and these undoubtedly have contributed some gold.\nThe creek-gravels are composed of resistant, gneissose, and granitic materials and a high\nproportion of grey lava; boulders in excess of 2 feet are rare. Bed-rock is possibly not deeply\ncovered, but, although there is no direct evidence, there is probably at least 201 feet of gravels\nin the valley-bottom. The high-level gravel benches are imperfectly exposed and so cannot\nbe well studied, but it is certain that they are stream-deposited, and remnants 220 feet above\nthe creek some 3 miles from the canyon show that the valley was at one time filled with gravels\nto that level.\nAt the mouth of Nicklen Creek, Harris Creek has forsaken its former outlet, now gravel-\nfilled, to swing sharply west and then sharply north again in the short canyon already referred\nto. In this canyon on the west side is a gravel-filled bedi-rock channel, the lowest point in\nwhich is some 20 feet above Harris Creek. This channel, it is believed, trends westerly. Some\n300 feet south-easterly, on the opposite side of the creek, is a rock-rim which is apparently a\nremnant of the same channel less than 100 feet in length. This is a part of the pre-Glacial\ndrainage of the ancestral Harris Creek. A section of what is undoubtedly the same drainage\nsystem has been shown to exist at two points, 3% and 4% miles up-stream, on the south-west\nside of and about 20 feet above the creek. These sections show only the outer rim, and that\nimperfectly, but indicate that possibly 2 miles of an old channel exists, buried to a depth of\n100 to 200 feet, with gravels of probably mixed origin. Another section, on the north-east side\nof the creek and about half a mile above the canyon, is perhaps indicated, but is not proved.\nShort sections may exist elsewhere, but it is more likely that the channel has been eroded\naway. The final course of the channel is not known, except that a highly suggestive gravel-\nfilled depression crosses Jones (Duteau) Creek to the west; farther west nothing is known.\nThe gravel in this old channel is completely different from that in the present stream\nand from that in the high benches. It is composed of brownish poorly-sorted materials, frequently in sharply-angular fragments of local derivation; i.e., composed largely of schists\nand gneisses of the same character as the bed-rock. Unlike the gravels of Harris and other\nstreams, there is practically no Tertiary lava, \" young-looking \" granite, or quartzitic rocks,\nand only very occasional small fragments of quartz are to be found. Some pebbles and\nboulders have undoubtedly travelled far, but for the most part the gravels appear local in origin.\nBed-rock, in the few small places it has been exposed, is quite strongly weathered, as is practically all of the gravel. Many of the pebbles may be carved with a knife, a few can be\ncrushed between the fingers, and the larger boulders can be demolished with pick and bar.\nLarge boulders and blocks are common, 4 or more feet across, and one has been encountered\n14 feet long. The gravel is stratified, and there is some evidence of shingling, but it is poorly\nsorted and \" dirty\"; small pockets Of yellow clay are rather common, particularly about the SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (Nos. 3 AND 4). D 45\nlarger boulders. Many fragments, of all sizes down to the smallest, are sharply angular, and\nthis fact, coupled with the poor sorting and character of materials, points to a rapid accumulation of local detritus in probably a swift-flowing and steep-walled stream. In these gravels is\nfound heavy, well-worn gold of a character rarely found in the bed of Harris and never in the\ntributary creeks. The gold is all coarse, in nuggets to 1 % oz. weight, is dark in colour, and is\nthoroughly polished; it very occasionally contains included quartz, but no quartz has been\nfound adhering to the gold. There is extremely little black sand. In Harris and tributary\ncreeks is found (in small quantities) fine, light-yellow gold, frequently rough and with adhering\nquartz, and with which is associated considerable black sand. This latter gold is believed to\nbe of local derivation.\nNo glacial deposits are to be seen in the bottom of Harris Creek Valley, and on the valley-\nwalls timber-cover and detritus are sufficiently thick in most places to mask the character of\nthe unconsolidated materials. Boulder-clay has been exposed in the hydraulic pit on the west\nside of Harris Creek Canyon, and definitely overlies the gravel within the old channel. The\nthickness of this boulder-clay is not yet known, but the base is at a lower elevation than much\nof the gravels at one time built up by Harris Creek. On Jones Creek, in a shaft not seen by\nthe writer, glacial material is reported beneath several feet of surface gravels; this latter site\nis below the one-time level of Jones Creek.\nThe geological history may be summed up as follows: In pre-Glacial times there existed a\nnarrow canyon stream that followed essentially the same course as the present Harris Creek\nand then swung west towards Long Lake. With the advent of Glacial times this canyon\nbecame choked with detrital materials washed down from the adjacent hillsides. Later still\nthe region became covered with ice which filled the choked valley. The valley at this time or\nlater was overdeepened and considerable parts of the former bed were destroyed; this over-\ndeepen(ing extended to a depth of about 50 feet or perhaps greater. The ice tongue or glacier\nflowed straight through towards Lumby, and the westerly-flowing section of old channel\nbecame completely filled with glacial deposits. Following recession of the ice, Harris Creek\nbuilt up its bed with gravels to a depth of 220 feet or so, and still later, when less heavily\nloaded and with a general falling in level, cut down through the valley-fill. At this time it\nforsook the glacial outlet into the major valley and cut a short canyon through and across\nthe older channel, which remained choked with detritus and covered by boulder-clay.\nWhatever the origin of Jones Creek, great quantities of gravel were brought down by\nthis creek from a steep canyon-like valley, and were built up as a delta that nearly obliterated\nthe major valley at this point and reversed the course of at least part of the drainage in that\nvalley. More recently Jones Creek has incised this delta at the north-east margin and has cut\na canyon across what appears to be the rock rim of the ancestral Harris Creek.\nPlacer-mining.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Small quantities' of gold were found many years ago in the bed of Harris\nCreek and of its tributaries, but until recently no more than surface-panning has been done.\nThis gold, with rare exceptions, is light in colour and occurs in fine rough particles, frequently\nwith adhering quartz, and accompanied by considerable black sand. In one or two localities\ngold in coarser, darker, and more well-worn particles has been found, and this led Paul Johnson\nand Alf. Brewer first to the belief that a former channel existed, and finally to its discovery,\nin the summer of 1936, in the canyon of Harris Creek.\nLeases have been staked covering the lower 8 miles of Harris Creek, the ground between\nHarris and Jones Creeks, and a considerable portion of the valley-fiat at the mouth of Harris\nCreek. Test-work has been concentrated in the lower or northern section, but a small amount\nof testing has also been done for 5 miles up the creek.\nIn the uppermost working known to the writer, on the south-west side 4% miles from the\nmouth of Harris Creek, on a lease belonging to Brewer, Sr., a drift has been driven 10 feet on\nweathered rim-rock in weathered semiangular gravels. Some gold is reported from the actual\nrim 20 feet above the creek. On ground three-quarters of a mile down-stream from this\nlocality a very little digging shows a rock-rim and similar gravels, but no real testing has been\ndone. The width and extent of this section of channel are not known, and it is not known\nwhether gold occurs in paying quantities. Other test-holes are scattered along the margin\nof the creek-bed, none of which are conclusive. Testing in the bed proper has consisted of\nsurface-panning, and no pits have been sunk deeper than a few feet. D 46 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1936.\nThe original discovery is on the east side of the creek at the head1 of the small canyon and\njust below the mouth of Nicklen Creek. Here Brewer and Johnson report recovery of 12 oz.\nof coarse gold from amongst large boulders- at and near irregular bed-rock over an area some\n15 by 50 feet. This remnant of channel is not yet worked out and coarse gold can still be\npanned. Brewer and Johnson then moved across to the channel exposed in cross-section on\nthe west side of Harris Creek and recovered 14 oz. of gold before optioning the ground to\nJames Armes, of Vancouver.\nThe lowermost gutter of this channel, 20 feet above the creek, is about 10 feet wide, 20 feet\nabove which the channel is 60 feet wide with steeply-flaring walls. Gravels as exposed are\nabout 45 feet deep, above which is boulder-clay to an exposed thickness of 25 feet, and total\ncover, not all exposed, reaches a maximum depth of 160 feet at a point some 500 feet west of\nHarris Creek where the ground slopes gradually towards Jones Creek. A lens of clean-\nwashed, rounded, and some angular gravel partly separates the dirty angular gravel from\noverlying boulder-clay. Gold has been recovered in a pay-streak 10 feet to 25 feet above the\nlowest gutter and to a lesser extent in the uppermost 15 feet of rather cleaner and smaller-\nsized gravel; bed-rock has not been followed at any time. A monitor, fed by an 8-inch pipe\nfrom a centrifugal pump run by a 65-horse-power motor, has made an excavation in the\ncentre of the channel totalling about 1,000 cubic yards. Water has been insufficient to handle\neconomically the boulder-clay, which has had to be blasted down. Water rights were secured\non Nicklen Creek and a dam built at the mouth of Nicklen Lake to store 2,000 acre-feet of\nwater; it has been estimated that with half a mile of ditch and flume 15 cubic feet of water\nper second can be delivered at a head of about 300 feet. Late in 1936 James Armes's interest\nwas bought out by Mrs. Duncan Smith. This group comprises eight leases.\nOn Jones Creek, 1% miles west, ground is being investigated by means of a shaft under the\ndirection of O. D. Frith, of Vancouver, who has optioned ground in that vicinity. The position\nof the old channel here is not proved, but is strongly suggested by a prominent east-west rock-\nrim through which Jones Creek has cut a canyon; immediately south of this rim are gravels.\nAs Jones Creek at this point and Harris Creek Canyon are at practically the same elevation\nthe channel would necessarily be 100 or more feet deep. At the end of 1936 a shaft was put\ndown 15 feet, at which point boulder-clay was encountered beneath (Jones) creek-gravels.\nAt the mouth of Harris Creek, on the valley-flat, several leases are staked and some test-\npitting has been done with a view to proving dredging-ground. Six or more pits were sunk, in\nsome of which interesting values have been reported, but only one, on the edge of the valley,\nwas put down to bed-rock. The ground here is flat, and Harris Creek has obviously swept back\nand forth over a considerable area, planing down the gravel valley-fill and leaving faint evidence of former low gravel banks. In this locality, at the mouth of the canyon, it is likely\nthat any gold carried by the creek would be dropped, but it is not yet known whether this gold\nis distributed evenly or in streaks, and the depth to bed-rock in the main valley is not known.\nThe whole area adjoins a ranching district in which water is a valuable commodity, and\nany operation involving treatment of a considerable volume of gravel must be prepared to\ndispose of tailings and guard against diversion of water used for irrigation. This need not,\nhowever, be a serious handicap to placer-mining. Actual gold-recovery has so far been from\na restricted locality, and considerable testing is in order before any final estimate can be made\nof location and continuity of \" pay.\nWinfield (Wood Lake).\nGold-bearing gravels have been found high up on the eastern hillside flanking Wood Lake.\nThese gravels are at an elevation of about 3,000 feet and are known to extend from near Clark\nCreek north for a distance of about 2 miles. In the southern part of this section, near Clark\nCreek, sparsely-wooded ground slopes gently, but is irregularly broken by small dry ravines\nand short steep rises; bed-rock outcrops are not plentiful. In the central and northern parts\nthe gravels are found on a wooded slope cut by a few small gullies which are dry for all but a\nbrief period in spring; 100 or more feet below is the steeper Wood Lake valley-side. Immediately above are bluffs of basalt which rise in steps to plateau ground on the east 200 to 500\nfeet higher. The gravels are to some degree water-bearing and occasional springs occur at\nand near the lower edge of the line of outcrop. SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (Nos. 3 AND 4). D 47\nFrom the small settlement of Winfield, 14 miles north of Kelowna, on the Kelowna-Vernon\nHighway, a branch road leads to a sawmill camp on Clark Creek, a distance of 4 miles; a rough\nside-road 1 mile in length from near Clark Creek leads nearly to the chief site of activities, the\nHall and Eley leases. From the end of this road a trail follows north along the hillside.\nBedi-rock is a grey, commonly porphyritic rock which varies between granite and granodiorite. Unconformably overlying the granite is Tertiary basalt in a number of superimposed\nflows, 20 to 40 and more feet in thickness. Associated with the basalt are poorly consolidated\ntuffs which occur beneath the lowermost and- between some of the succeeding flows. Considerable of the ground is masked by overburden which is generally referred to as glacial; glacial\ndeposits do exist, particularly at and near the south end of the occurrence of gravels, but\nexposures are insufficient to allow of accurate determination of character and distribution of\nthese deposits.\nThe unconsolidated, goldl-bearing gravels lie above weathered bed-rock and beneath the\nlowermost basalt-flow. Consequently, although the precise age of the basalts is not known,\nthe gravels are Tertiary in age. They are definitely stream-lain and represent part of an\nancient drainage system. The gravels are strikingly different from any others in the general\nregion; they are very light in colour, are well rounded, and are composed of highly resistant\nmaterials. Pebbles up to 4 inches in size are commonest; there is not much sand and few\nlarge cobbles, although boulders in excess of 2 feet are occasionally found. The commonest\nmaterial is a white or nearly white quartzite of fine grain, much of which closely resembles\nvein-quartz; other materials include granite, syenite, diorite, quartz, obsidian, gneiss. Concentrates from panning contain abundant garnet but very little black sand. The gold is quite\npure, of a reddish colour, and is found as flattened pellets of match-head size and smaller.\nIn some localities much of the gold is reported! to be very fine and in others it appears that\npellets predominate.\nLittle is definitely known regarding the course and dimensions of the channel. It is very\nprobable that it flowed from north to south, because there is to the north a source for the white\nquartzite pebbles and none to the south for many miles; differences in elevation must not be\nrelied upon too strongly, because some tilting of the land surface may have taken place in\nTertiary times and also because there may be tributaries, as yet unrecognized as such. The\nbase of gravel at the Aitkens and Staples lease on the north is about 200 feet higher than at\nthe Hall and Eley leases. Gravels are found at intervals from near Clark Creek, in an arc\nround the side-hill, north for \Vi miles, and again at Aitkens and Staples lease, south of which\nfor over half a mile no gravels have been found; it is not known whether in this latter section\nthe channel has been eroded away or remains obscured farther to the east\u00E2\u0080\u0094in any event a\nfairly sharp bend is indicated. At the south end either the hillside follows closely a bend in\nthe former stream or else the channel is several hundred feet wide. The channel is nowhere\nexposed in cross-section, so it is not known whether it is simple or complex. The channel has\nbeen faulted, roughly parallel to the line of basalt cliffs, and the outer or western segment has\ndropped down.\nThe Tertiary channel was undoutbedly covered by basalt-flows. A tunnel driven on the\nEley lease below the cliffs definitely proves the existence of gravel beneath basalt. The base of\nthe gravel is here covered by coarse talus, just west of which is a ridge of basalt which is\nan erosion remnant of the down-dropped fault-segment. Drifting in three places in this\nlocality and also on Aitkens and Staples lease is reported to have started on bed-rock, which\ndips easterly, then has encountered an upswing 150 to 200 feet in and has ended in blocks of\nbasalt, seemingly dragged down by the faulting, and which lie amongst gravels on or close to\nbed-rock. The faulting, of less than 100 feet displacement, has apparently been quite extensive\nand roughly parallels the contour of the hill; open cracks in the basalt are found a few hundred feet back from the line of cliffs on the Summerville lease. At the southern end of the\nknown occurrence of gravels, erosion, and deposition of glacial materials, has obscured the\ndistribution of gravels and the relation of these to bedi-rock.\nOf the many short drifts, test-pits, and open-cuts erratically distributed throughout the\n2 miles of ground, some are in gravels, some in tuff, and some in glacial materials or overburden. Several drifts, 1001 to 360 feet in length, have been driven both by individual and\ncompany endeavour, and of these only two are now accessible. As detailed descriptions of D 48 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1936.\nworkings seen by the writer would be incomplete, none will be attempted, more especially\nbecause much of the evidence given by the workings is of doubtful value.\nIn the fall of 1935 J. A. Brusset, general manager of Western Canadian Collieries, Limited,\nof Blairmore, Alberta, obtained an option on approximately 1,400 acres of leases. Work, under\nthe direction of D. J. McNeil, included two drifts on the Eley and Hall leases, as well as surficial\nexploration at scattered points; the option was relinquished June 30th, 1936. In the first\ndrift, 350 feet long on the Eley lease, water-filled at the time of the writer's visit, testing on\nbed-rock throughout returned disappointingly low values. In the second drift, 170 feet long\non the Hall lease and at a height of at least 10 feet above bed-rock, the gold content of the\ngravels was insignificant. The writer is unaware of results obtained in any of the other\nworkings, and he did no testing.\nBoth reported recoveries and the clean, open character of the gravels seem to preclude\nthe possibility of gold occurring in paying quantities except at or close to bed-rock; if the\nchannel is a single trough, gold is to be expected within that trough; but, if complex, gold may\nbe concentrated in any one of the several troughs or gutters.\nThe shallow troughs in bed-rock encountered in the longer drifts on the Hall, Eley, and\nAitkens-Staples leases have not been proved to be cross-sections of the actual channel and\nmight conceivably represent a side-channel or channels.\nTesting to the south-east has given little definite information and is difficult in view of\nthe amount and variety of unconsolidated materials.\nTesting beneath the undisturbed basalt has not been attempted except by one short drift,\nnow caved.\nThe lack of conclusive information obtained by the already considerable amount of work\ndone indicates that if the channel is to be proved in cross-section and thoroughly tested, a\nlarge-scale programme will have to be undertaken. Before underground work is contemplated\nan accurate contour-map should be made of the entire stretch of ground, showing all geological\ndata in detail; some shallow test-work might then be done to advantage, and finally some\npoint of attack chosen for drifting. There is no site without its drawbacks, but at some place\non the Eley lease below the cliffs, in unfaulted ground, a drift would perhaps be able to prove\nthe eastward extent of the gravels. Bed-rock is not exposed here, and 100 feet or more of\ngravels is indicated. From a drift as low down as it is possible to make a convenient entry\nshafts would have to be sunk to bed-rock. Such a programme would necessitate considerable\ncapital outlay and would be warranted only if considerable ground was owned or controlled.\nThere is no basis at present for estimation of position, extent, or value of maximum gold\nconcentration in these gravels. It is to be hoped that prospecting farther afield, to the north,\nmay throw more light on the problem and that some point may be found where the channel\nmay be more easily and cheaply explored in cross-section.\nPutnam Creek.\nPutnam is a small easterly-flowing creek 12 miles north of Lumby. It heads in a\nmountainous country and flows in a narrow valley some 5 miles in length to enter the broad,\nterraced Trinity Valley. The mouth of Putnam Creek Valley is easily reached by automobile\nfrom Lumby. The creek traverses a series of deformed and altered sediments among which\ndark-coloured slaty argillites are prominent. Granitic and dioritic rocks of unknown distribution intrude the sediments, but are not abundant in the lower stretches of the creek. Quartz\nveins are said to be of common occurrence in the district.\nGold was discovered in October, 1936, by Paul Johnson and Alf. Brewer, and four leases\nwere soon after bonded to Jack Hanna, of Greenwood, and associates. Since then the holdings\nhave been extended by additional staking.\nThe creek, for 2 miles above the limit of the Trinity Valley terraces, flows in a narrow\nflat-bottomed and steep-sided valley 100 to 200 feet wide. The grade, as determined by\nbarometer and estimation of distance, is 5 per cent. The sides are of rock, largely masked by\nslide materials, and one narrow canyon 400 feet long skirts a former blocking of the channel.\nThe surface gravels are composed predominantly of slates of local derivation and cobbles and\nboulders of gneiss and granite are fairly common. Boulders are occasionally as large as 4 feet,\nand sizes between 1 and 2 feet are common. There is not, in this lower section, any sign of\nglacial deposits or of glacial action. Two miles up-stream the valley widens and the bottom SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (Nos. 3 AND 4). D 49\nis choked with glacial till and boulder-clay; this material is reported to be common for some\nconsiderable distance up the creek.\nBed-rock is not exposed in the 1% miles below the canyon, but is not likely covered to\na depth of more than 15 feet; above the canyon the cover is deeper. Gold is scanty in the\nsurface slaty gravels, but is reported to be more abundant in underlying reddish gravels of\nschistose and gneissose materials. The gold is heavy, well rounded, and is associated with\nblack sand. From several shallow pits interesting values were reported, but very little testing\nhad been done at the time of the writer's visit and bed-rock had not been reached.\nThis creek flows in a valley, the lower 2 miles of which do not appear to have been affected\nby glaciation. Whether or not boulder-clay at one time lay in this lower section is not definitely\nknown, and neither is it known whether the underlying, reddish gravels are pre-Glacial. It is\nvery probable, however, that the gold is of pre-Glacial concentration and not deposited as\na result of the reworking of glacially-derived materials.\nScotch Creek.\nScotch Creek flows into the west end of Shuswap Lake and drains more than half of the\nregion lying north of the main body of Shuswap Lake and between Seymour Arm and Adams\nLake. North and east branches of equal size unite to form the main creek at a point 9 miles\nnorth of Shuswap Lake, and it is in this section of the creek that placer gold has been found.\nThe region is one of marked relief and is heavily timbered. Adams Plateau, on the west,\nattains an elevation of about 6,000 feet and summits north of the fork reach a maximum\nelevation of 7,390 feet. Scotch Creek and the lower stretches of the two principal branches\noccupy old, flaring valleys with steep slopes slightly indented by precipitous tributaries.\nFrom an elevation of 1,850 feet at the fork the creek drops 700 feet in the 9 miles to Shuswap\nLake.\nA good motor-road crosses Little Shuswap River and follows the north shore of the lake\nas far east as Anglemont. The mouth of Scotch Creek is 8 miles from the bridge. A ferry\nservice is maintained from Sorrento on the south shore to a point 2 miles east of Scotch Creek\non the north shore of the lake. No trail exists up the creek from the mouth, but the upper\nvalley is reached by motor-road from Celista to the ranch of C. C. Sturdy, a distance of 6 miles,\nfrom which point a forestry trail follows along the steep eastern valley-wall and extends north\nand west to Adams Lake. The lower 2V2 miles of the trail have been widened to allow passage\nof a narrow-gauge wagon, and a branch half a mile long leads down to the camp of Scotch\nCreek Placer Mines, Limited, a mile below the fork. Foot-trails lead to other workings in that\nvicinity.\nTopography.\u00E2\u0080\u0094-The accompanying sketch-map is prepared from aerial photographs and is\nnot strictly accurate. A short distance above the fork the north branch flows in a narrow\ncanyon, with falls aggregating 100 feet in height; a canyon exists on the other branch about\n2 miles north-east of the fork. Below the fork the stream is of a quite uniform gradient and\nfollows a somewhat meandering course; one canyon section 1% miles below the fork has a\nminimum width of 50 feet, but elsewhere the stream is 30 to 100 feet wide in a valley-bottom\nwhich, at a height of about 30 feet above the stream, is 200 to 800 feet wide.\nThe valley changes in character at a point opposite and just below Sturdy's ranch. Below,\nthe valley is typical of old streams in the interior of the Province; terraces of stratified gravels\noccur on both sides of the stream to heights as great as 200 feet, and bed-rock is occasionally\nseen on either side beneath the gravels or forming part of the valley-wall. Low gravel flats\n10 to 30 feet above stream-level are not extensive. Above the delta, half a mile and more\nabove the road crossing, bed-rock is occasionally seen in the stream-bed, and it is not likely\nthat the gravels in the channel are in any place more than 20 to 40 feet deep. Above Sturdy's\nthe valley is wider; the creek follows close to the east wall and the western half or three-\nquarters of the valley is occupied by a prominent bench 1,000 to over 2,000 feet wide and 300\nto nearly 400 feet above the creek. In this upper section the creek flows close to bed-rock,\nwhich is locally exposed, and, except for local low flats, bed-rock outcrops almost continuously\non the east side of the creek and the valley-wall rises steeply towards the summits. On the\nwest side of the creek the valley-bottom is bounded by steeply-rising banks composed for the\nmost part of stratified gravels. From the fork to a short distance below the canyon bed-rock\nis frequently seen on the west side to elevations as great as 200 feet above the creek, but not D 50 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1936.\nas high as the gravel bench; bed-rock is next seen on the west side opposite and half a mile\nabove Sturdy's ranch. Bed-rock is nowhere seen on the bench proper, which rises very\ngradually on the west to the well-defined, rocky valley-wall. In the lower section of the bench\nthere are no transverse streams\u00E2\u0080\u0094the lateral drainage becomes lost in gravels. Above the\ncanyon small streams show bed-rock only near Scotch Creek, and there appears, in this section\nat least, to be a rock-rim flanking Scotch Creek on the west.\nThere is evidence, therefore, that in the upper section of the valley a channel buried deeply\nby gravels exists parallel to the present creek. The outlet of this channel appears to be\nopposite and below Sturdy's ranch, at the constriction in the larger valley. The bottom of the\nchannel is probably not much higher, if at all, than that of the present creek, and could not\nconceivably be more than a few tens of feet lower. The upper end may join the north branch\nas indicated on the accompanying map where a suggestive depression exists on the hillside;\nwhether or not this was only a temporary channel of the north branch is not known. The\nrelation of the east branch to the buried channel is not known.\nOne high rock-rim is known on the east side of the valley, a quarter to three-quarters of\na mile above the canyon and 100 feet above the creek. Elsewhere on the east the rocky valley-\nwall appears to rise unbroken from the valley-bottom.\nGeology.\u00E2\u0080\u0094The rocks of Scotch Creek Valley consist predominantly of schists. Greenstone\nis prominent at the lower end of the valley, north of which calcareous, argillaceous, and less\noften chloritic and sandy schists dip northerly from a few degrees to 45 degrees. A prominent\nband of limestone outcrops half a mile due north of the fork and is reported to be found in\nthe canyon of the east branch. A dense, acidic, gneissose rock forms the western valley-wall\n1 to 2 miles below the fork. A prominent body of coarse pink granite occurs just north-west\nof the fork, and the greater resistance of this rock as compared with schists is responsible for\nthe falls on the north branch and must also have been responsible for falls on the upper end\nof the postulated buried channel.\nScotch Creek has steep, flaring walls, relatively straight and little eroded by transverse\nstreams, rising from an incised valley-fill in which the present stream follows a meandering\ncourse. In the lower 5% miles of the valley the stream swings from wall to wall, but in the\nupper section the eastern wall is followed closely throughout, and the western half of the major\nvalley is occupied by a high-level bench. All of the bench-gravels are stratified, stream-lain,\nand very free from clay; lenses and beds of sand are minor in amount. The geological history\nof the valley is not simple and is difficult to decipher. The country has been glaciated and\nchanges in level have occurred both before and after glaciation. In the upper section of the\nvalley, although a cross-section of the larger bench is in no place seen, it appears that sections\nof the present stream-channel existed as parts of a former broad valley-hottom of considerable\nirregularity and probable complexity of channels. This valley was filled deeply with stream-\nlain gravels at a time when erosive power was heightened, and later still the stream cut down\nthrough these gravels, locally cutting new bed-rock channel and also exposing pre-existing\nchannels.\nThe gold is fairly coarse, is well-rounded and flattened, and is 860 fine. The maximum\nsize of nugget is % oz., but nuggets worth more than $2 are rare; adhering quartz is occasionally present. The source of this gold is undoubtedly quite local and is to be found in quartz\nveins and stringers which are reported to be fairly abundant in this area. No appreciable\nquantity of gold has been found in the main body of stratified gravels, nor is likely to be found\nin such thick accumulations of clean, open gravels except for local concentrations in more or\nless random pay-streaks. The sections worked are those at and near bed-rock where it is more\nthan likely there has been more than one period of concentration in the long history of the\nvalley.\nHistory.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Placer gold was recovered from Scotch Creek many years ago and the creek\nabandoned in 1877 (Geological Survey of Canada, Report of Progress, 1877-78). Although\nthere is no authentic record, it is probable that prospecting started in the early sixties.\nReference is made to the creek in the Annual Reports of the Minister of Mines as far back as\n1885, and in the three years 1886 to 1888 $27,000 is reported to have been recovered. Brief\nmention is then made in the Annual Reports for 1896, 1897, and 1898, from which it appears\nthat in those years a few Chinese were the sole workers. From the last date until recent years\nlittle or no work has been done. SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (Nos. 3 AND 4).\nD 51\nBischoff Lease^ )\nScale\nRoad to\n: Celista.\nSturdy Ranch\n5 miles to\nShuswap Lake\nUpper Scotch Creek. Sketch-plan showing Location of Properties. D 52 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1936.\nThe earlier work seems to have been concentrated in the upper 3 miles of the creek, and the\nmost intensive digging was done immediately below the fork and both above and below the\nshort canyon 1 % miles below. Traces of this work still remaining on flats a few feet to 60 feet\nabove the creek show evidence of the painstaking clean-up operations typical of Chinese miners.\nRecent revival of activity dates from 1933, when some coarse gold was recovered from benches\nand the greater part of the creek was staked. Recovery during the past four seasons is not\nknown, but appears to have amounted to several thousand dollars at most. Operations in 1936\nincluded work by one company and a number of individuals.\nThis lease is on the north branch, 1 mile above the fork, and near the head\nBischoff Lease, of the canyon. A small amount of work has been done by hand 100 feet\nabove the creek on the west side, on what may be the rim of the former\nchannel of the north branch; the channel-rims appear to be about 200 feet high immediately\nabove the pit. This pit is in clean, coarse gravel, including rough blocks 6 feet across that\nrest on an irregular bottom of pink granite. Recovery is not known.\nThis lease is on the west side of the fork where there is a low bench some\nBristow Lease. 20 feet above the creek and which is covered by no great depth of gravel.\nThe owner has built a short flume from a small stream, with the water from\nwhich he intends washing the low bench, and possibly also one or more higher steps 200 to\n300 feet from, and less than 100 feet above, the creek. Practically no testing has been done.\nThis ground extends from the mouth of Wedge Creek, behind Bristow's\nJohnson (2) lease, to the canyon on the north branch. A little hand-work has been done\nLeases. on Wedge Creek near the mouth, in material that has been reworked by\nthat stream. Recovery has been low.\nIn 1936 seven men staked claims on Wedge Creek above Johnson's ground\nHough et al. and prepared winter quarters. Old-timers worked the bed-rock section of\n(9) Claims. this creek for a distance of some 800 feet from Scotch Creek, at which point\nthe bed-rock is lost to view. It is the intention to sink west of this rock-rim\nand to investigate, if possible, what appears to be a buried channel.\nThese men hold ground above the canyon and are working co-operatively on\nGreenwood (2) a rock-rim within a bend on the east side of the creek. A projecting spur\nLeases and of dark calcareous slates and schists 80 feet or so above the creek has an\nDanroth Claim, embayed rim filled with clean, stratified gravels to a depth of 40 feet, and\nmay represent merely a swirl in a former channel of the creek. Water is\nflumed from a small creek on the west side of Scotch Creek and brought across that stream\nin a 3%-inch pipe under a head of 230 feet. Water is sufficient to supply only one hose at\na time, so that two hoses are operated alternately in near-by pits on the adjoining properties.\nPerhaps 10,000 yards of gravel have been moved, but recovery is not definitely known.\nAlthough bed-rock has been imperfectly cleaned, this ground does not appear to be very rich.\nGold is found commonly associated with accumulations of boulders one to several feet in size,\nand work, with the water available, is slow.\nThis company, incorporated in 1935, has acquired all remaining ground, with\nScotch Creek the exception of two leases, between the fork and Indian reserve land at the\nPlacer Mines, upper end of Scotch Creek Delta. The ground held does not completely\nLtd. cover the broad bench in the upper section of the valley, parts of which are\nstill open to location. The head office of this company is Bank of Commerce\nChambers, 389 Main Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba. V. J. Melsted, of Salmon Arm, is engineer\nin charge.\nIn 1935 investigations and some testing were carried out, chiefly in the upper section of\nthe creek, and it was decided to hydraulic a bench half a mile below the fork and extending\n2,400 feet south to Greenwood and Danroth ground. The rock-rim of this bench is 100 feet\nabove the creek on the east side. A 1-yard wood-burning drag-line shovel with 60-foot boom\nwas purchased, to be used partly as testing equipment, and was taken up the bed of the creek\nas far as Boulder Creek by the spring of 1936.\nOn the high-level rim stratified gravels are up to 100 feet deep over a known width of\nabout 200 feet, although the ground has not been fully explored. Near the northern end a drift\n200 feet long at right angles to the rim shows a broad, shallow depression to a maximum depth\nof 7 feet at 100 feet from the portal. Water is brought over from the west side of Scotch SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (Nos. 3 AND 4). D 53\nCreek from the stream above Boulder Creek at 250 feet head in 200 feet of 12-inch, 1,000 feet\nof 10-inch, and 600 feet of 8-inch pipe. Two hoses were used for sluicing, with insufficient\nwater for best removal of material, on a bank more than 50 feet high, and a few hundred square\nfeet of bed-rock had been exposed by the end of September. It is impossible to estimate the\nvalue of gold here present; probably a number of large yardage tests will have to be made\nbefore this can be done. It is almost certain that values will be largely restricted to the\nvicinity of bed-rock. What work has been done indicates that some good values have been\nfound on bed-rock on the extreme outer edge of the rim, and that values tend to decrease\ninward.\nThere has been no systematic test-work on the remainder of the holdings. A few pits\nhave been sunk in the valley-bottom a quarter to half a mile below the fork, but none of these\nhas been put down to bed-rock, and the information furnished by them is inconclusive. In the\nlower section of the creek, not far above the delta, a little testing was done by the drag-line in\nits passage up-stream, the results of which are not known. The bed of the creek was scraped\nfor 300 feet at the mouth of Boulder Creek, at a site near where there is evidence of work by\nold-timers, but results proved disappointing. Late in September it was the intention to move\nthe drag-line up-stream to test the low-lying flats just north of the hydraulic pit.\nSPECIAL REPORTS.\nA limited number of mimeographed copies are available to those who specially request\nreports on the following properties:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\nMarathon. Highland Valley. Speculator.\nShamrock. Jamieson-Lanes Creek Area. Bounty.\nLost Horse. Kennellan. Advance.\nArcan. Victory. Silver King-Silver Queen.\nThe properties described in these reports are not considered to have reached a stage of\ndevelopment to be of sufficient interest as yet to warrant the inclusion of lengthy descriptions\nin the Annual Report.\nPROGRESS NOTES.\nBY\nH. E. Miard and John G. Biggs.\nLODE-GOLD DEPOSITS.\nNorth Thompson River Area.\nWindpass Gold Mines, Ltd.*\u00E2\u0080\u0094A. J. Smith, general manager; William Elliot, mine\nmanager. This operation is situated about 5 miles from Boulder, on the Canadian National\nRailway, and consists of two separate mines known as the Windpass and Sweet Home, at\nelevations of 5,300 feet and 4,900 feet respectively and 2,500 feet apart.\nThe development of the Windpass is by means of an adit-level from which, at 400 feet\nfrom the portal, a shaft inclined at 35 degrees has been put down 1,000 feet with levels off at\n100-foot intervals; from the same point in the main adit a raise was put through to the surface\nand greatly augmented the ventilation of the mine.\nThe ore from the Windpass is carried over a 2V2-mile aerial tram to the mill, which is at\nan elevation of 1,700 feet; the tram is of the endless design, with track-cable 1-inch in diameter\nand %-inch-diameter traction-cable, with eighteen V2 -ton-capacity buckets in use.\nThe ore from the Sweet Home mine is trucked to the tram. The mill is of 50 tons capacity\nbut is now being increased to 75 tons. The power plant consists of a 400-horse-power Diesel-\ndriven electric installation, situated at the mill, from which power is carried, at 2,300 volts,\nto the mines. There were sixty-five men employed during the year.\n* By John G. Biggs. D 54 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 193\u00C2\u00AB.\nHedley Camp.\nKelowna Exploration Co., Ltd.*\u00E2\u0080\u0094W. C. Douglass, general manager; Floyd Turner, mine\nmanager. This company operates the Nickel Plate mine, situated on Nickel Plate Mountain at\nan- elevation of 5,400 feet and 3,800 feet above the town of Hedley, where the mill is located.\nTransportation of ore is by means of 2 miles of electric-trolley motor from the mine to\nthe top of a 10,000-foot surface double-skip 20-degree incline, which delivers the ore to the\nmill bunkers.\nThe main slope of the mine is on a 20-degree pitch and is double-tracked, haulage-power\nbeing provided by a double-drum electric hoist.\nDuring the year connection was made from one of the lower levels with the adjacent\nHedley Mascot mine and this greatly augmented the ventilation of both mines.\nDevelopment during the year consisted of 2,081 feet of drifting, 900 feet of crosscutting,\n717 feet of raising, and 12,160 feet of diamond-drilling. Tonnage mined amounted to 64,594\ntons, 64,854 tons were milled, and this yielded 22,613 oz. gold and 2,850 oz. silver.\nHedley Mascot Gold Mines, Ltd.*\u00E2\u0080\u0094W. R. Lindsay, manager. This mine, situated at an\nelevation of 4,795 feet on the east side of 20-Mile Creek and 1 mile from Hedley, went into\nproduction on the completion of the mill early in the year.\nThe mill is situated 2,795 feet below the mine, to which it is connected by a Quad-type aerial\ntram, supported by steel towers, and 5,600 feet in length; the track-cables are 1% inches in\ndiameter and the haulage-cables are % inch in diameter, with skips of 3-ton capacity.\nThe mine is developed by an 8- by 8-foot adit driven 2,500 feet to the present ore-body\nin the vicinity of the Nickel Plate mine of the Kelowna Exploration Company, the workings\nof which have been contacted by the Hedley Mascot mine.\nHaulage underground is by storage-battery locomotives. Power for underground operations is provided by Bellis and Morcam 2-stage electric-driven compressors having a capacity\nof 750 cubic feet of free air per minute, with a smaller compressor to augment this when\nnecessary.\nDevelopments during the year consisted of 177 feet of drifting, 59 feet of crosscutting,\n1,225 feet of-raising, and 1,792 feet of diamond-drilling. Tonnage mined amounted to 30,265\ntons; 29,962 tons were milled, and this yielded 13,524 oz. gold and 4,341 oz. silver.\nThere were sixty-two men employed throughout the year.\nOlalla Area.\nGold Valley Mining Co., Ltd.*\u00E2\u0080\u0094John Pearson, manager. This mine is situated at Olalla\nand consists of two adit-tunnels driven some 400 feet at 200 feet difference in elevation; an\naerial tram 2,100 feet long connects the mine with ore-bunkers near the Keremeos-Penticton\nHighway; a small amount of ore was shipped to the Trail smelter. Power is supplied by\na portable Sullivan compressor.\nFive men were employed and general conditions were found to be satisfactory.\nTwin Lakes Area.'\nGold Standard (Fairview) Mining Co.*\u00E2\u0080\u0094Joseph Wukelich, manager. This company\noperated on the Twin Lake property, situated 24 miles south-west of Penticton and at an\nelevation of 4,700 feet. The ore is transported by truck from the mine bunkers to the 40-ton\nmill on the property. Ten men were employed.\nFairview Camp.\nFairview Amalgamated Gold Mines, Ltd.*\u00E2\u0080\u0094J. A. McKenzie, manager. During the year\nthe Morning Star and Fairview mines were amalgamated to facilitate the operation of both\nproperties.\nThe Morning Star mine is situated 4 miles west of Oliver at an elevation of 2,000 feet,\nwhile the Fairview mine is 6,000 feet west of the Morning Star and at an elevation of 3,080\nfeet; the ore from the Fairview mine is trucked over 2 miles of road to the 75-ton-capacity\nmill at the Morning Star mine.\n* By John G. Biggs. SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (Nos. 3 AND 4). D 55\nDevelopment in the Fairview is by means of a 2,50'0-f oot adit, from which raises are being\ndriven on ore-chutes to ijhe surface; this, when completed, will greatly augment the ventilation,\nwhich is now maintained by means of an electrically-driven fan, ventilation-pipes, and air-jets\nwhich deliver 700 cubic feet of air per minute to the face; power for underground operations\nis supplied by a 750-foot Gardner Denver compressor driven by a 150-horse-power motor.\nThe Morning Star is an adit and shaft operation; all the work during the year was done\nabove the 100-foot level, the lower workings being used as a water-storage for the mill\noperation.\nDevelopment during the year consisted of 150 feet of drifting; 12,960 tons of ore were\nmined, and this yielded 1,511 oz. gold and 21,334 oz. silver.\nOsoyoos Lake Area.\nOsoyoos Mines, Ltd.*\u00E2\u0080\u0094J. 0. Howells, manager. The mine is situated near the International Boundary in the Osoyoos District, and consists of the reopening of former workings\nand new developments on the Dividend, Manx, and Lake View claims, which provide the ore\nfor the 50-ton mill on the property.\nPower has been provided by Diesel motor, but it is expected, at an early date, to change\nover to electrical power from the new transmission-lines of the West Kootenay Power Company.\nCarmi Area.\nCarmi.\u00E2\u0080\u0094R. Legiest and two associates shipped 55 tons of ore from this property to the\nTrail smelter, the metal contents being 28 oz. gold and 241 oz. silver.\nRock Creek Area.\nImperial.\u00E2\u0080\u0094A shipment of 33 tons of ore made from this property by D. M. McKay, of\nGrand Forks, yielded 2 oz. gold, 192 oz. silver, 885 lb. lead, and 1,415 lb. zinc.\nKettle River Area.\nIn addition, lessees worked for short periods on the Mogul and the Little Joe, small shipments of ore to the Trail smelter being made in each case.\nGreenwood-Phoenix Area.\nBrooklyn.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Owned by the Brooklyn-Stemwinder Gold Mines, Limited. Head Office, 678\nHowe Street, Vancouver. A group of four lessees worked on the property throughout the\nsummer. A considerable amount of preliminary repair-work was necessary before mining\noperations of any kind could be attempted.\nGranby (Old Ironsides).\u00E2\u0080\u0094Operated on lease by W. E. McArthur, of Greenwood, who began\noperations there in the month of September. Eighteen men were employed (three underground) , including the mill crew. The present operations are very near the surface and of\nthe glory-hole type. The ore is brought by trucks to the Providence mill, about 5 miles from\nthe mine. The tonnage mined was 4,438; the total metal contents being 511 oz. gold, 1,255 oz.\nsilver, and 153,250 lb. copper.\nBay.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Lessees working on this property shipped 35 tons of ore, yielding 136 oz. gold and\n24 oz. silver. Three men were employed.\nAthelstan.\u00E2\u0080\u0094This property had been abandoned for twenty-three years when W. E.\nMcArthur began operations there in the late summer. Three men were employed in exploratory and development work. The ore is transported by trucks to the Providence mill. The\ntonnage mined was 603, yielding 373 oz. gold and 292 oz. silver.\nRainbow Group.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Operations of an exploratory nature were conducted on this property\nfor several months, with a crew of ten under the direction of Chas. C. Walker, by the Greenbridge Gold Mines, Limited.\nNumber Seven.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Situated near Boundary Falls and owned by the Consolidated Mining and\nSmelting Company of Canada, Limited. During the first half of the year the lessee, W. E.\n* By John G. Biggs. D 56 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1936.\nMcArthur, employed seven men on the property and shipped a total of 1,039 tons, with metal\ncontents of 192 oz. gold, 5,707 oz. silver, and 18,225 lb. lead.\nDynamo.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Robert Forshaw, of Greenwood, shipped 8 tons of ore from this property, with\na total metal contents of 10- oz. gold and 11 oz. silver.\nJewel Lake Area.\nDentonia.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Owned and operated by the Dentonia Mines, Limited. Head office, 706 Credit\nFoncier Building, Vancouver. Manager, Major A. W. Davis. The development-work undertaken during the year not having disclosed the presence of any further body of workable ore,\nall underground operations were suspended in November, but the newly-erected cyanide plant\ncontinued to treat the tailings from the flotation-mill.- The number of men employed passed\ngradually from seventy (forty-two underground) at the beginning of the year to twenty-three\n(thirteen underground) at the time of the last inspection. The tonnage mined was 11,612,\nfrom which 568 tons of concentrates were obtained, these yielding 4,178 oz. gold, 27,638 oz.\nsilver, and 67,647 lb. lead.\nAmandy.\u00E2\u0080\u0094The shipments from this property, on which four lessees were working for some\ntime, amounted to 96 tons of dry ore and 9 tons of concentrates, yielding a total of 30 oz. gold\nand 448 oz. silver.\nGrand Forks Area.\nYankee Boy.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Situated on Hardy Mountain, about 4% miles from Grand Forks. Owned\nby the Riegel Mines, Limited. Manager, D. M. McKay. The property was operated by\nlessees until the beginning of October, when operations were suspended for an indefinite period.\nThe development-work done during the year consisted of 390 feet of drifting, 80 feet of raising,\nand 50 feet of sinking. The tonnage milled was 389; this yielding 460 oz. gold and 382 oz.\nsilver. The largest number of men employed in the period of operation was nine.\nFranklin Camp.\nUnion.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Owned and operated by the Union Mining and Milling Company of Wallace,\nIdaho. Operations during the summer months were practically limited to the treatment of\n20,174 tons of tailings, from which 103 tons of concentrates yielding 601 oz. gold, 17,904 oz.\nsilver, 686 lb. lead, and 10,261 lb. zinc were obtained.\nSILVER-LEAD DEPOSITS. -\nBeaverdell Camp.\nHighland Bell.\u00E2\u0080\u0094The Bell and Highland Lass mines passed under a single ownership at\nthe beginning of the year through the amalgamation of the two operating companies, the new\norganization taking the name of Highland Bell, Limited. The headquarters of the new company are at Penticton. N. M. Mattson, who had directed the operations at both mines, remains\nas manager. The small veins, of high-grade silver-lead ore, are intersected and displaced by\nnumerous faults in the vicinity of which the ground is often \" blocky\" and somewhat\ntreacherous. Natural ventilation is favoured by the general disposition of the workings, but,\non the other hand, it is somewhat hampered by the small dimensions of some of the openings.\nThe method of mining followed is overhand stoping with waste-filling, there being an abundance\nof stowing material at all times. The number of men employed varied between thirty-two and\nthirty-eight (from twenty-four to thirty underground). The development-work done during\nthe year consisted of 300 feet of drifting, 140 feet of raising, and 120 feet of sinking. The\ntotal production of both mines, before and after the amalgamation, amounted to 3,274 tons,\nwhich yielded 120 oz. gold, 501,415 oz. silver, 346,548 lb. lead, and 489,935 lb. zinc.\nSally.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Operated by the Sally Mines, Limited. H. B. Morley, secretary, Penticton.\nExploratory work in the older workings during the early part of the year failed to reveal the\npresence of any ore-shoots of workable dimensions and grade. The number of men employed\nwas eighteen (ten or eleven underground), with John A. Hanna as manager, until the month\nof July, after which operations were conducted on a very reduced scale, with a crew of only\nfour, under the direction of N. M. Mattson. It is intended to attempt further prospecting of\nthe section of the property adjoining the Wellington claim, from the 500-foot shaft, which has SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL DISTRICTS (Nos. 3 AND 4). D 57\nbeen idle for a number of months. Seventy-four tons of ore shipped to the Trail smelter yielded\n3 oz. gold, 5,532 oz. silver, 4,101 lb. lead, and 5,660 lb. zinc.\nBeaver dell-Wellington.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Operated by the Beaverdell-Wellington Syndicate. Manager,\nAllan J. Morrison. The programme of development now laid out includes the sinking of the\nwinze to the depth of another level and the driving of a hoisting-raise to the surface, which\nwould permit the use of a Diesel-driven hoist and greatly facilitate the handling of the surplus\nwaste. The method of working is overhand stoping with waste-filling. Natural ventilation,\nproperly controlled, gives satisfactory results, for the mine-workings are not only extending\nover a considerable vertical height, but they are also connected to the foot of the Sally shaft,\nthus enjoying the benefit of a motive column 500 feet high. The number of men employed\nvaried between fourteen and twenty-one (eight and seventeen underground, respectively).\nThe development-work done consisted of 1,012 feet of drifting, 91 feet of sinking, and 342 feet\nof raising. The tonnage mined and shipped amounted to 701, this yielding 37 oz. gold, 151,230\noz. silver, 110,987 lb. lead, and 161,798 lb. zinc.\nTiger.\u00E2\u0080\u0094J. L. Nordman and partner shipped 30 tons of ore from the property with a total\nmetal content of 3,484 oz. silver, 2,718 lb. lead, and 4,760 lb. zinc.\nBeaver dell-Rambler.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Some development-work was done on this property by Yakima\ninterests, under the direction of P. E. Crane, who had charge of the operations during the\ngreater part of the period of activity. A small number of men, varying between four and six,\nwas employed more or less irregularly, until the end of the summer. Twenty-three tons of ore\nshipped to the Trail smelter yielded 3,206 oz. silver, 2,463 lb. lead, and 4,972 lb. zinc.\nOther properties in the Beaverdell area on which some exploratory work was done during\nthe year were the Wallace, on which three men were employed; the Advance, where two men\nworked for several months; the Balaklava and other claims forming the Crater Lake group,\non which the Crater Lake Mining Company, Limited, employed five men for some time; and\nthe British, owned by the newly-organized British Silver and Gold Mines Syndicate, with\nheadquarters at Princeton, who employed three or four men during the greater part of the\nyear; all these operations being on Wallace Mountain. In addition, a second prospect-shaft\nwas sunk on the Olympic claim, owned by Louis Clery, of Westbridge.\nGreenwood-Phoenix Area.\nSilver Cord.\u00E2\u0080\u0094O. Johnson and two associates, of Greenwood, shipped 8 tons of ore from\nthis property to the Trail smelter, the metal contents being 3 oz. gold, 294 oz. silver, 294 lb.\nlead, and 122 lb. zinc.\nKeno.\u00E2\u0080\u0094L. Manzini and two associates shipped 89 tons from this property, this yielding\n8 oz. gold, 889 oz. silver, and 2,410 lb. lead.\nSkylark.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Small-scale operations carried on by W. E. McArthur with a crew of three on\nthis property resulted in the shipping of 99 tons of ore, yielding a total of 31 oz. gold, 5,705 oz.\nsilver, 4,107 lb. lead, and 4,979 lb. zinc.\nProvidence.\u00E2\u0080\u0094This property was operated on a small scale by the owner, William Madden,\nof Greenwood, who shipped from it 26 tons of ore, yielding 11 oz. gold, 2,442 oz. silver, 905 lb.\nlead, and 1,324 lb. zinc. In November, the Riegel Mines, Limited, took an option on the\nproperty and began deepening the shaft, a crew of thirteen being employed, under the direction\nof D. M. McKay. The work done at the end of the year amounted to 32 feet of sinking. The\nmill on the property has been bought by W. E. McArthur, who is now operating it.\nLightning Peak Area.\nWaterloo.\u00E2\u0080\u0094On this property, situated 43 miles by road from Edgewood, the Waterloo Gold\nMines, Limited (with headquarters at Penticton), employed a crew of ten, including an assayer\nand two diamond-drillers, from July 30th to August 15th, and from the end of September until\nNovember 20th, with R. W. Mowat in charge of the work. A raise started from No. 4 level\nand intended to reach No. 2 had been driven for some distance when operations were discontinued for the winter.\nLightning Peak.\u00E2\u0080\u0094W. A. Calder, of Edgewood, shipped 2 tons of ore from this property.\nThe metal contents were 214 oz. silver, 363 lb. lead, and 228 lb. zinc. D 58 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1936.\nCOPPER DEPOSITS.\nPrinceton Area.\nRed Buck Mine.*\u00E2\u0080\u0094Operated by the Red Buck Mining Company, Limited. Fred F. Foster,\nmanager. This mine is situated on the Hope-Princeton Highway, 13 miles west of Princeton\nand consists of a 600-foot drift from which some raising has been done; this is a hand-mining\noperation employing ten men.\nPLACER-GOLD DEPOSITS.\nGreenwood Area.\nBoundary Placers.\u00E2\u0080\u0094-The Boundary Placers, Limited, employed a crew comprising for\na certain time as many as eighty-five men in the construction of a' pipe-line 10,000 feet in\nlength, near Boundary Falls, to supply water for the hydraulicking operations which it is\nintended to begin in the course of the present year. J. W. Phillips was in charge of the work.\nNON-METALLIC DEPOSITS.\nThe Gypsum Lime and Alabastine Co. of Canada*\u00E2\u0080\u0094Alex. Jessiman, manager. Falkland\nquarries, known as Nos. 1, 2, and 3, are situated 1 mile from the Canadian National Railway\nat Falkland, and the material from the quarries is transported to bunkers at the railway by\nan aerial tram. The gypsum is carried by railway to the company's factories, where it is\nmanufactured in various forms of building material; a large part being used for fire-proof\nfinishing and building.\nThe quarries are worked with a high face and the numerous \" slips \" in the deposit make\nit necessary to carry the face at considerable angles to provide for safety of the men. Twenty\nmen were employed.\nChristina Lake Area.\nFife Lime Quarry.-\u00E2\u0080\u0094Owned and operated by the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited. Eight men, working on contract, were employed from June to\nOctober and shipped 15,114 tons of limestone from the property to the Trail smelter. No\ndevelopment-work was done. This is a seasonal operation, the men working at the quarry\nbeing employed at Trail during the winter.\n* By John G. Biggs. INDEX.\nD 59\nINDEX.\nA.C. Fractional (Osoyoos)\t\nAdams Plateau area, report by J.\nStevenson\nPage.\n_D 13\nS.\n... D 39\nAdvance (Greenwood) D 57\n(Kamloops) D 53\nAgate Bay D 39\nAitkens lease (Vernon), gold, placer D 47\nAinandy (Greenwood) D 56\nApex Mountain D 13\nArcan (Kamloops) D 53\nArmes, James (Vernon) D 46\nAsselstine, W. J r_\u00E2\u0080\u009E D 9\nAthelstan (Greenwood) D 55\nBalaklava (Greenwood)\nBancroft, P. L...\n D 57\n D 14\nBarnes, H. D D 11\nBarriere D 36\nBay (Greenwood) D 55\nBeaverdell Camp D 31, 56\nBeaverdell-Wellington Syndicate D 57\nBell (Beaverdell) D 56\nBessette Creek D 44\nBiggs, John G., report by D 54\nBig Sandy (Nicola) D 14\nBirk Creek (Kamloops) D 36\nBirks, G. Arnold D 5\nBischoff, Mr. (Kamloops) . D 40\nBischoff lease (Kamloops), gold, placer _.D 52\nBolin, Oscar D 36\nBoulder Creek, tributary to Scotch Creak D 52\nBoundary Placers, Ltd D 58\nBoundary Falls D 55\nBounty (Kamloops) D 53\nBrewer, Mr. (Vernon) D 45\nBrewer, Alfred (Vernon) D 48\nBristow lease (Kamloops), gold, placer _D 52\nBritish (Greenwood) D 57\nBritish Metals Corporation D 21\nBritish Silver and Gold Mines Syndicate. D 57\nBroadview (Greenwood) D 26\nBrooklyn (Greenwood) D 55\nBrooklyn-Stemwinder Gold Mines, Ltd.\u00E2\u0080\u0094.D 55\nBrusset, J. A. (Vernon) D 48\nBuck Hills (Vernon), gold, placer D 43\nBull Dog (Osoyoos) D4\nBurnt Basin (Grand Forks) D 37\nCairn Gorni (Greenwood).\nD23\nCalder, W. A D 57\nCameron, H. D. (Kamloops) D 33\nCarmi area D 55\nCarmi (Greenwood) D 55\nChristina Lake, lime at D 58\nClark Creek (Vernon) D 46\nClery, Louis (Greenwood) D 57\nClothier, R. L D 24\nCoats, J. F D 23\nColdwater (Greenwood) D 31\nColdwater Valley (Yale) D 31\nConsolidated Mining and Smelting Co. of\nCanada, at Number Seven (Greenwood) D 55\nGold Mountain (Similkameen) D 6\nCoquihalla River D 31\nB.\nCosgrove, T.\nCrane, P. J._\nCrater Lake\nCrater Lake Mining Co., Ltd D 57\nCreede, Birk Creek (Kamloops) D 36\n(Greenwood) .\nPage.\nD 14\n..D57\nD57\nDanroth (Kamloops) D 52\nDavis, A. W. (Greenwood) *_D 56\nDeep Creek. See Peachland Creek.\nDelia (Kamloops) D 40\nDentonia (Greenwood) D 56\nDentonia Mines, Ltd D 25, 58\nDividend (Osoyoos) D 55\nDollemore, Frank D 8\nDonahue Mines Corporation D 15\nDonnamore (Kamloops) D 40, 43\nDouglass, W. C D 54\nDry Creek (Greenwood) D 31\nDuteau Creek (not Jones) (Vernon),\ngold, placer D 44\nDynamo (Greenwood) D 56\nEley (Vernon), placer lease..\nElinor (Greenwood) \t\nElsie (Kamloops) \t\n D 47\n D 26\n D 40\nEmpire (Nicola) D 14\nEnterprise (formerly Star) (Nicola) D 15\nEthd (Greenwood) D 26\nFairview (Osoyoos) D 54\nFairview Amalgamated Gold Mines, Ltd. D 54\nFairview Camp D 54\nFalkland, gypsum at D 58\nFalls Creek (Kamloops) : D 32\nFaulkner, Wm D 31\nFife (Grand Forks), lime D 58\nForsberg, Nick D 36\nForshaw, Robert D 56\nFoster, Fred F D 58\nFranklin Camp D 56\nGallagher, John W D 9\nGold, lode deposits D 3\nGold, placer, Clark Creek D 46\nDuteau Creek D 44\nGreenwood D 58\nHarris Creek D 43\nPutnam Creek D 48\nScotch Creek D 49\nTrinity Valley D 48\nWinfield D 46\nWood Lake D 46\nGold Creek (Kamloops). See Nikwik-\nwaia Creek.\nGold Creek (Vernon). See McAuley\nCreek.\nGold Hill (Similkameen) D9\nGold Mountain Mines, Ltd D 4, 5\nGold Standard (Fairview) Mining Co.,\nLtd. D 54\nGold Valley Mines, Ltd D 13, 54\nGolden (Greenwood) D 31\nGolden Eagle, Adams Plateau (Kamloops) D 40\nGolden Fraction (Greenwood) D 31 D 60\nINDEX.\nGranby property at Phoenix..\nGrand Forks\t\nGreat Eastern (Osoyoos).\nPage.\n.D 55\n...D 56\n__.D 14\nGreenbridge Gold Mines, Ltd D 23\nGreenwood lease (Kamloops) D 52\nGreenwood Mining Division, reference to\nproperties D 55\nGypsum, Falkland D 58\nGypsum Lime and Alabastine Co. of Canada, Ltd D 58\nHall (Vernon), placer lease D 47\nHanna, John A. (Greenwood) D 48, 56\nHardy Mountain (Grand Forks) D 56\nHarris Creek (Vernon), gold, placer\t\n D 43, 44, 45\nHedley D 54\nHedley, M. S., report as Resident Mining\nEngineer D 3\nHedley Camp D 3\nGeology D 4\nHedley Chief Mines, Ltd D 5\nHedley Gold Hill Mining Co., Ltd D 9\nHedley Mascot Gold Mines, Ltd D 4, 54\nHeight, Henry D 39\nHenri Creek . D 5\nHighland Bell, Ltd D 56\nHighland Lass (Greenwood) D 56\nHighland Valley (Kamloops) D 53\nHill, Leslie D 23\nHomestake, Squaam Bay (Kamloops) D 32\nHowells, J. 0 D 55\n D26\nIda (Greenwood) \t\nImperial (Greenwood) D 55\nIndependence (Osoyoos) D 13\nIron Horse (Vernon) D 26\nJameson Creek (Similkameen) D 11\nJamieson Creek (Kamloops) D 53\nJenny Long (Nicola) D 21\nJenny Long Mines, Ltd D 21\nJewel Lake D 23, 56\nJohnson, Mr. (Vernon) D 46\nJohnson, 0. (Greenwood) D 57\nJohnson, Paul (Vernon) D 48\nJohnson leases (Kamloops), gold, placer.D 52\nJohnston, Carl E D 36\nJones Creek (Vernon) D 44\nSee also Duteau, gold, placer.\nJosh Creek D 27\nJoshua (Nicola) D 15\nKamloops Homestake Mines, Ltd D 32\nKelowna Exploration Co., Ltd. D 3, 54\nKennellan (Kamloops) D 53\nKeno (Greenwood) D 57\nKeremeos Creek D 13\nKettle River area D 55\nKing Tut (Kamloops) D 40, 43\nKing William (Nicola) D 15\nKootenay Nevada Mines, Ltd D 23\nLakeview (Osoyoos) D 55\nLegeist, R. D 55\nLightning Peak (Grand Forks) D 57\nLightning Peak D 57\nLime, Fife Quarry D 58\nLincoln (Kamloops) D 43\nLittle Joe (Greenwood) D 55\nLost Horse (Kamloops) D 53\nLucky Coon (Kamloops) D 40, 41\nPage.\nLumby D 44\nLund, Mr. (Kamloops) D 40\nLydia, Birk Creek (Kamloops) D 36\nMadden, Wml (Greenwood) D 57\nMaiden (Nicola) D 14\nManchuria (Grand Forks) D 29\nManx (Osoyoos) , D 55\nManzini, L. D 57\nMaple Leaf (Similkameen) D6\nMarathon (Kamloops) D 53\n(Osoyoos) D 5\nMascot (Osoyoos) D3\nMascot Fraction (Osoyoos) D4\nMattson, N. M D 56\nMelsted, V. J D 52\nMiard, H. E., report by D 53\nMidway D 25\nMill, Amandy D 56\n, Dentonia D 56\n D 23\n D 54\nJenny Long (Nicola)\t\nMorning Star (Osoyoos).\nProvidence (Greenwood)\n D55, 57\nStar Mining Co. (Nicola) D 15\nUnion (Grand Forks) D 56\nMineral Hill (Nicola) D 14\nMission (Osoyoos) D5\n(Similkameen) D 11\nMogul (Greenwood) D 55\nMolly Gibson group D 27\nMolly Gibson Mines, Ltd D 27\nMorley, H. B D 56\nMorning Star (Osoyoos) D 54\nMorrison, Allan J D 57\nMosquito King (Kamloops) D 40\nMowat, R. W D 57\nMurray, D. D 25\nMurray, W. D . D 25\nMcAlpine, T. C D 12, 13\nMcAlpine & Elliott D 9\nMcArthur, W. E D 23, 55, 57\nMcAuley Creek (not Gold Creek) (Vernon) D 44\nMcDougall, A. C D 13\nMcGillivray, H. (Kamloops) D 40\nMcKay, D. M D 55, 56, 57\nMcKenzie, J. A. (Osoyoos) D 54\nMcLeod, Mr D 40\nMcNeil, D. J. (Vernon) D 48\nMcRae Creek I D 27\nNelson (Osoyoos) \t\nNickel Plate (Osoyoos)-\nD13\nD3, 54\nNickel Plate Mountain, geology D 4\nNicola Mines and Metals, Ltd...- D 14, 17\nNicola Mining and Milling Co D 15\nNikwikwaia Creek (Kamloops) D 40\nNikwikwaia lakes D 41\nNon-metallics, Gypsum Lime and Alabastine Co. of Canada, Ltd D 58\nFalkland D 58\nNordman, J. L D 57\nNorth Star (Greenwood) D 23\nBirk Creek (Kamloops) D 36\nNorth Thompson area, report by J. S.\nStevenson ' D 32\nNo Surrender (Nicola) D 18\nNo. 2 Fractional (Osoyoos) D 14\nNumber Seven (Greenwood), Consolidated Mining and Smelting Co. of\nCanada at D 55 INDEX.\nD 61\nPage.\nOkanagan Lake D 26\nOlalla D 54\nOld Ironsides (Greenwood)_\nOlympic (Greenwood) \t\nOsoyoos Lake\t\nOsoyoos Mines, Ltd\t\nOswald, J. C\t\nPaulson \t\nPeachland Creek\t\nPearson, John (Osoyoos)\nPhillips, J. W...__\nD55\n_D57\nD55\nD55\n. D5\n.D27\n..D26\n..D54\nD58\nPhoenix D 55\nPine Knot (Similkameen) D6\nPlanet (Nicola) D 15\nPlanet Mines and Reduction Co. of Nicola,\nB.C., Ltd D 15, 17\nPollock (Similkameen) D6\nPrinceton, copper at D 58\nProvidence (Greenwood), mill at D 55, 57\nPutnam Creek (Vernon) D 48\nRainbow (Greenwood) D 26, 55\nSee also Greenbridge Gold Mines, Ltd.\nRed Buck (Similkameen) D 58\nRed Buck Mining Co D 58\nReno, Birk Creek (Kamloops) D 36\nRiegel Mines, Ltd D 56, 57\nRiverview (Greenwood) D 25\nRock Creek (Greenwood) D 55\nSally (Greenwood) D 56\n D 56\n D 39\n D 26\n D 25\nScheelite, Joshua (Nicola) D 15\nScotch Creek (Kamloops), gold, placer...D 49\nScotch Creek, North Fork..- D 39\nScotch Creek Placer Mines, Ltd D 49, 52\nShamrock (Kamloops) D 53\nShephard, G. H D 13\nShives, A. K D 13\nShuswap River D 44\nSilver Cord (Greenwood) D 57\n D 53\n D 17\n D 32\n D 57\n D 31\n D 46\n D 31\nSally Mines, Ltd..\nSamatosum Creek _\nSandberg, Otto\t\nSandberg, Pete\nSilver King (Kamloops)..\n(Nicola) \t\nSinmax Valley\t\nSkylark (Greenwood)\nSmith, Dan (Yale)\t\nSmith, Mrs. Duncan \u00E2\u0080\u0094\nSmith, P. Y....\nSomething Good (Osoyoos) D 13\nSouthern Mineral Survey District, report\nby Resident Mining Engineer D 3\nSpeculator (Kamloops) D 53\nSpeedwell (Kamloops)\nPage.\nD40, 43\nSpillman Creek (Kamloops) D 40\nSquilax D 40\nStaples lease (Vernon), gold, placer D 47\nStar (later Enterprise) (Nicola) D 15\nStar Mining Co. (Nicola) D 15\nStemwinder Mountain (Osoyoos) D5\nSterling Creek D 5\nStevenson, J. S., report on Adams Plateau D39\nReport on North Thompson area D 32\nStump Lake D 14\nSturdy, C. C. (Kamloops) D 49\nSummerville lease, gold, placer D 47\nSunrise (Osoyoos) D 14\nSuperior Mines, Ltd D 23\nTacoma smelter. Shipments from Gold\nMountain Mines, Ltd D 9\nThompson, Frank D 25\nThornton, Mr. (Kamloops) D 40\nTiger (Greenwood) D 57\nToronto (Osoyoos) D 12\nTrinity Valley, gold, placer D 48\nTubal Cain (Nicola) D 15\nTurner, Floyd D 54\nTwin Lakes (Osoyoos) D 54\nTwin Mountain (Kamloops) D 39\nUnion (Grand Forks).\n..D56\nUnion Mining and Milling Co., Ltd D 56\nVictoria (Osoyoos) D 12\nVictory (Kamloops) D 53\nWalker, C. C. (Greenwood) D 55\nWalker, James D 11\nWallace (Greenwood) D 57\nWallace Mountain D 31, 57\nWallace Mountain Mining Co D 31\nWaterloo Gold Mines, Ltd D 57\nWaterloo No. 3, Lightning Peak (Greenwood) D 57\nWedge Creek (Kamloops) D 52\nWestern Canadian Collieries, Ltd., placer\nat Vernon D 48\nWestkettle quartz diorite D 31\nWest Kootenay Power and Light Co. at\nHedley D 9, 25\nWilson,Mr., Adams Plateau (Kamloops). D 40\nWinfield, gold, placer, at D 46\nWinkler, George D 11\nWood Lake (Vernon), gold, placer D 46\nWukelich, Joseph D 53\nYankee Boy (Grand Forks) D 56 D 62 ILLUSTRATIONS.\nILLUSTRATIONS.\nPage.\nGold Mountain Mines, Ltd.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Plan . D 7\nGreenbridge Gold Mines, Ltd D 24\nHedley Gold Hill Mining Co.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Plan D 10\nJenny Long Mines, Ltd.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Plan . D 22\nMission Group, Similkameen '. D 11\nMolly Gibson, Grand Forks\u00E2\u0080\u0094Plan D 28\nNicola Mines and Metals, Ltd.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Plan D 16\nNicola Mines and Metals, Ltd.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Plan, Enterprise Workings (insert) D 19\nUpper Scotch Creek\u00E2\u0080\u0094Sketch-plan showing Location of Properties D 51\nvictoria, B.C.:\nPrinted by Charles P. Hanfield. Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty.\n1937.\n4,725-237-4740 "@en . "Legislative proceedings"@en . "J110.L5 S7"@en . "1937_V01_05_D1_D62"@en . "10.14288/1.0307344"@en . "English"@en . "Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library"@en . "Victoria, BC : Government Printer"@en . "Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia"@en . "Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia"@en . "PART D ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES OF THE PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31ST DECEMBER 1936"@en . "Text"@en . ""@en .