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Sixty days in Canada, 1919
British Columbia Historical Books Collection
Canadian Pacific Railway Company
"Cover title: Sixty days in Canada, 1919. Edition limited to one hundred copies. Album of photos and paintings with brief notes, prepared by C.P.R. in anticipation of visit of H.R.H., the Prince of Wales."-- Edwards, M. H., Lort, J. C. R., & Carmichael, W. J. (1975). A bibliography of British Columbia: Years of growth, 1900-1950. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, p. 55.
269 leaves : frontispiece, map, photographs, illustrations (some colour) ; 26 x 34 cm
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HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES' TOUR of CANADA AUGUST TO OCTOBER NINETEEN NINETEEN CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY OFFICIAL PARTY HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS THE PRINCE OF WALES, K.G. Halsey, K.C.M.G., C.B., R.N. Major-General Sir Henry e Staff. Attached Ca Lieut.-Colonel E. W. M. Grigg, C.M.G., D.S.O., M.C. Sir Godfrey Thomas, Bart., Captain Lord Claud N. Hamilton, D.S.O.,M.V.O. Captain the Honourable P. W. Legh Commander Dudley North, C.M.G., R.N. Lieut.-Col. the Honourable H. G. Henderson, Secretary to the Governor-General. Representing His Excellency the Governor-General. Sir Joseph Pope, K.C.M.G., C.V.O., I.S.O., Representing the Government of Canada. A. B. Calder, Esq. Representing the President of the Canadian Pacific Railway. FOREWORD I of place. incipal qualities of Canada are its magnitude and its diversity. The Dominion has a land area of 3,604,000 square milesâroughly thirty times that of the British Islesâ divided into nine provinces and two ' 'territories.'' The largest of the provinces, Quebec, has a land area of 690,865 square milesâmore than thirteen times that of England ; the smallest, Prince Edward Island, has 2,184 square milesâ hardly more than one-third the size of the county of Yorkshire. Canada's eastern and western shores are washed by respectively the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans, and its northern shores by the Arctic Ocean and Hudson Bay. Its waterways constitute one of the most remarkable geographical features, including the St. Lawrence and Ottawa rivers, with their many tributaries, the North and South Saskatchewan rivers, the Yukon River, the Fraser River and the Columbia River. Amongst its lakes are the Great Lakes, forming part of the international boundary between this country and the United States, of which one, Lake Superior, with an area of 31,800 square miles, is the largest body of fresh water in the world. Of Canada's many mountainous regions, the Rockies, forming part of the 1 Cordillera chain, are of enormous height and th many peaks rising to over ten, eleven, twelve thirteen thousand feet above sea level. CANADA'S immensity is in a meastu r the diversity of its elements. ustrated, for example, in the matter of climate, | for while the northern boundary of the prairie s is in the same latitude as Petrograd, erable part of southern Canada is in the same e responsible s Rome. Canada, again,' ; regarded as purely an agric overlooked t" sixth of the world, and supplies about seventy pei ccm. ui me consumption of nickel and eighty per cent, of its â < Although Canada has produced in one year (1915) as $1,600,000,000 worth of agricultural products produced in the sa: $1,400,000,000 of manufactured principally urgec produced in me same year q>i,*Â±uu,uuu,uuu oi manuiactu articles. While during the war Canada was principally into grow wheat, Canada also supplied the Imperial Muniti Board with $937,000,000 worth of shells; while the 1_ order to be placed in Canada after the cessation of hostiliti was for $40,000,000 worth of lumber. Canada is now tl second largest pulp and paper producing country in tl world, rapidly overtaking the country that holds first plac the United States. Even in respect to agriculture, it shou be remembered that Canada produces apples, grape and many iHYSICALLY, Canada divides wheal ) three distinct :very acre that nhabited has at one time or another e-hewed. This region extends from the Atlantic Ocean to beyond Lake Superior, or in other words, about half-way across the continent. Next comes the open prairie country, which rolls away for nearly eight hundred miles to the foot of the stupendous barrier of the Rocky Mountains. Lastly is the section consisting of the great ranges and the still mainly mountainous stretches from the prairies to the Pacific Ocean. a of these threeâthe Eastern section I by t Lee Edwi md, Que F No's Scotia I Onta The southern portions of t long time been converted regions, in which about thre Canada at present reside. West is the long stretch of shore of Lake Superior, whicl The change to the prairies stands virtually at the gate of generally known as the " North West â est along the north very little developed, narkable. Winnipeg prairie country, which. aight i roodland. It is not the old-time tall story, over tow with a plough from is, nor yet the treeless Winnipeg to the Rocky Moui plain that it is often supposed to be. There are stretches of flat country, to be sure, but a great part of the prairie is undulating and often hilly, and with its short natural grass, interspersed with large breadths of wheat and oats, or brown fallows and clumps of trees, is not at all unlike the original provinc years ago, and the i Alberta, formerly th< n England. This division includes : of Manitoba, founded over forty ewer provinces of Saskatchewan and North-West Territories. From the pra one passes into the Rocky Mountains, s solitude of rugged Alps from eight to ten thousand feet high. British Columbia is a land of great mountain ranges running north and south parallel to the sea coast, of which the Rockies and Selkirks are the dominant systems, while westward lower ranges may be said to descend in steps through finally a beautiful meadow country to the Pacific shore. This country is one of huge rivers and countless lakes, exceedingly rich in minerals, and famous alike for lumber and fruit. Settlements of various sizes are found in the valleys between the. mountain ranges and clustering round the lakes. Off the coast lies Vancouver Island, of long, narrow shape, and with a much older settlement than most of the immediate mainland. ^INDUSTRIALLY, Canada divides broadly into voâEast and West. Although it is dangerous > generalize, especially with a country of so tany complexities, it can be said more or less pproximately that Eastern Canada is industrial and Western Canada agricultural. Yet there are large agricultural areas in all parts of the East, and a pronounced industrial activity in the West. Nova Scotia is largely agricultural, a beautiful pastoral province that produces, amongst other things, a celebrated strain of apple; but in the northern section called Cape Breton Island, there are large coal mines and large iron deposits. Prince Edward Island is almost exclusively agricultural. New Brunswick has both agriculture and a very extensive lumbering industry. Quebec has practically no developed mineral deposits except asbestos, but, owing to its large water powers which have been transformed into electricity, it has a tremendous industrial and mercantile life, concentrated mostly in the city of Montreal. Outside of that city the population is largely agricultural, with big lumbering interests towards the North. Ontario is a great manufacturing province, especially in the vicinity of Toronto, but it is also a great agricultural province. It has, in addition, considerable lumbering, out of which has developed, in the more westerly territory beyond Lake Superior, a large pulp-making industry. The three prairie provinces are f orthe most part agricultural.cereal crops of extraordinary volume being produced there sufficiently to justify their claim as the future "Granary of the Empire." Large numbers of live-stock are also raised. The industries which have been established in these provinces are principally those indigenous to their resources. British Columbia has large deposits of coal, copper, silver, lead, and gold; it has enormous lumber re'sources and a considerable salmon fishing industry. Agriculture there has featuredâalthough not exclusivelyâthe production of fruit, potatoes, and more recently alfalfa. jfJOCIALLY, Canada has a population of a little eight millionsâhardly any larger, in fact, ,1 than that of Greater London; but that population I presents fully as many variations as the country Canada may almost naturally be divided into six social groupsâthe Maritime Provinces, Quebec, Ontario, the Prairies, "B.C." and the Yukon and North West Territories. Of these, the first and the third are most alike, consisting as they do of a foundation of " United Empire Loyalist" stock (emigrants from the United States after the War of Revolution) upon which has been superimposed immigration from the British Isles, from Scotland particularly. That immigration, however, took place a generation or two back; the great influx of immigration of recent years has been almost entirely to the West, so that the larger proportion of the population of the East is native born. Quebec is almost exclusively a French province, its people being descendants of the original settlers who remained here after the formal cession of Canada to Great Britain in 1763. There has been a small current of immigration from France, but for practical purposes it is negligible. Nine-tenths of the population of Quebec are French-speaking and Catholic, and it is noteworthy that Montreal is the fifth largest French-speaking city of the The prairie provinces are youngâthe oldest has scarcely arrived at middle age yetâand their population is therefore largely immigrant, of the first generation, and very cosmopolitan. Not only are the eastern provinces well represented, but there are thousands of immigrants from all countries, the preponderating influences being British, American, Scandinavian, and Slavic. During recent years there has been a great immigration of farmers from the western United States to the remarkably good and remarkably cheap lands to be found in the prairie provinces, so that there is a larger percentage of inhabitants of American origin in Saskatchewan and Alberta than in any other province. British Columbia is largely British, especially in Vancouver and in the mountain-valley fruit regions; and there is yet another element to be encountered in Vancouver Island, which, having been since the middle of last century an important naval station, has now a second to be found amon the hardy North. Scattered throi the: stock that has been to some exte: been mixed with other nationalitie stock in the British Empire than th s and trappers and traders t the Dominion are Indian Reservi evidences the consideration given by the Goven the original native of Canada. , Canada may be said to be a series i ties strung together and held togethi non idea. It is not making an undt I claim to suggest that outside of the Governmei agency that binds together and covers the country better than the Canadian Pacific Railway. The very raison d'etre of the Canadian Pacific Railway was indeed an Imperial one, for the confederation of the then disunited provinces of Canada into what became the Domii ion involved as one of its essentials the provision of efficiei railway communication between east and west. In due course the construction of the Canadian Pacific consummated Confederation. During its thirty-eight years of existence, the Canadian Pacific Railway has played by no means the least important part in the settlement and upbuilding of a mighty Canada. policy alone has been the me hundreds of thousands of desirable settlers, and the i ial development that it has undertaken has been 1; strumental in creating the industrial Canada of t< :ompany, and a itrols i niles hinge sry rmpor- of Canada and many in the United States; ut during its existence it has added to itself a large number E other interests that touch the life of the Dominion at all Dints. Amongst these may be enumerated the settlement wenty million acres of its own farm lands (including the development of a vast irrigation enterprise in southern agricultural propaganda, the operation of . telegraph system, mines, lumber interests, and hotels, nd the creation of a fleet of thirty steamships upon the c and Pacific oceans. WESTBOUND EASTBOUND St. John's, Nfld., to St. John, N.B.. St. John, N.B., to Halifax, N.S Halifax, N.S., to Charlottetown, P.E Charlottetown, P.E.I., to Quebec. .. Quebec, Quebec 0.0 0 Toronto, Ontario 511.0 511 Ottawa, 259.6 770 North Bay, 248.7 1019 Cobalt, 103.1 1122 Timmins, 157.0 1279 Sault Ste. Marie 518.3 1797 Oba, 246.0 2043 Orient Bay, 230.0 2273 Nipigon, 37.0 2310 Port Arthur, 65.3 2376 Fort William, 2380 Winnipeg, Manitoba 419.3 2799 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan 480.2 3279 Edmonton, Alberta 368.3 3648 Calgary 194.1 3842 High River 39.9 3882 Banff, 113.8 3996 Lake Louise, 34.7 4030 Field, British Columbia 19.9 4050 Revels toke, 125.9 4176 379.4 4555 Victoria, Br: Westminster, Penticton, Nelson, Kootenay Landing, Macleod, All Lethbridge, Medicine Hat, - Moose Jaw, Sa Regina, Qu'Appelle, Brandon, M; Portage la Prairie, Guelph, Stratford, Woodstock Chatham, London, Windsor, Gait, Kingston, 0 4638 9 4746 4995 5254 0 5321 5 5572 6 5604 5 5719 9 5977 6019 0 6070 7 6260 i 6338 5 7278 6 7665 5 7708 7776 3 7810 9 7859 7881 9 7974 8038 0 8148 9 8317 9 8538 9 8591 8716 2 8827 ST. TOHN, N.B. »T. JOHN, at the mouth of the river of the same name, as founded in the seventeenth century by the French; really dates from 1783, when a valiant fleet of 20 disembarked three thousand United Empire Loyalists on the right bank of the harbor. To-day it has a population of over 62,000. It is one of Canada's two winter ports, with a heavy volume of sea traffic. The Canadian Pacific have an immense two-million bushel elevator here. Just above the harbor are the famous " Reversing Falls," caused by the great rise and fall of the tide on the Bay of Fundy. SITUATED on one of the finest land-locked harbors in the world, Halifax has every reason to be the important port it is to-day. It was ioi$a<^.'iri 1749, when 5,000 British emigrants were established by the enterprise of the Earl of Halifax. It now has a population of 60,000, with a large trade with Great Britain, the United States and the ^Wes^ESe^^»nsstronglyfort5ed^e^SeTfortiEteation being the citadel. As an important naval station, and one of Canada's two winter ports, it played a very important part in the war. THE historic old town of Annapolis Royal v by Sieur de Monts in 1604 under the name of " Port id was for 150 years;*the scene of part of the long and bitter struggle befweenthe English and French for possession of the New World. The old fort was set up in 1643. It passed into the hands of the English in 1710, when it was renamed Annapolis. wm NORTH WEST ARM, HALIFAX BEST known of thewSiiany enchanting spots that surround Halifax. In summer a brilliant social life gathers here for canoeing, boating, sailing, tennis and dancing. Above the waters of the course are summer estates founded by men whose names are ie annals of Nova Scotia. EVANGELINE' THE expulsion of the Acadians, on which Longfellow's famous poem is based, took place in 1755. Evangeline lived (if indeed she is an historical heroine) at the little village of Grand Pre, on the Basin of Minas. This well, called " Evangeline's Well," is traditionally the site of the Acadian settlement. ':fSm$- THE RAMPAR^I-QUEBEC THE historic atmosphere of Quebec is highly emphasized by the ramparts. The quaint old muzzle-loading cannon .still keep vigil (although an impotent one) over the broad waters of the St. Lawrence. Quebec was once impregnable, and it is worthy of note that when Wolfe captured it in 1759, he did so not by assault upon the main fortifications, but by sortie under cover of night behind the city. CHATEAU FRONTENAC BUILT on the very verge of a<ftiff|j25C?*iee3$bigh, commanding a superb view of the St. Lawrence,'stands the Chateau Frontenac, operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway, enjoying the finest hotel situation in the world. '"^"tj^moa^lle'difrofk thj^desjgn of the French Chateau of the seventeenth centuryiMi&id, although modern in all appointments, it blends perfectly with the mediaeval atmosphere of Quebec. In front is Dufferin Terrace, a famous boardwalk, named after a celebrated Governor - General of Canada. QUEBEC has the most distinctive atmospher< city in America. To this its lower town co very notably. Quaint narrow streets, with high o who can trace in them Little Champlain Street, these ancient streets. s the best known of ) THE QUEBEC BRIDGE bridge is it was on the st and most imn nenced i THE construction of the Quebec bridge, consummated as it was on the ruins <jf .two. tragedies, was one of the triumphs in engineering annals, n 1900 and completed in 1917, this huge the St. Lawrence a few miles above Quebec, >» u*e means of interchange of railway traffic between north and south of the river. It possesses the longest span of any bridge in the world, and the height of - *â«e of rail above low water is fifteen feet greater than ight of Horse-shoe Fall at Niagara. The principal ' are:âTotal length, 3,240 feet; main span, pended arm, 640 feet; cantilever arms, 1,160 ,800 f. J rH QUEBEC FROM LEVIS 1 base of a lofty crag BEC occupies the s projecting into the St. Jacques Cartier, the first European who sailed into the river, spent the winter of 1535. A permanent settlement was established by Samuel Champlain in 1608, which for 150 years was the headquarters of French rule in the New World, until in 1759, after one of the most celebrated fights in historyâthe capture of Quebec by WolfeâCanada passed into Bri THE CHATBMl DE RAMEZAY ,moi«eal iJi many interesting associations th are encountered at odd corJIrE The Chateau de Rameza near the City Hall, was the official residence..o|pp Gov.er. ors under the French regime, and, preserved now as museum, is th£; repository of a very valuable collection historical documents, pictures and curiositiaiSS'^ ^^^ was the last place yielded by the French to the British. A CANADIAN PACIFIC TRANSCONTINENTAL TRAIN THE Canadian Pacific Railway is the largest transportation company in the British Empire. While it has a number of subsidiary interests, such as steamship and telegraph services, it^isPirBji^arily a railway company, and as such owns, operates or controls a total mileage'ot'over 18,600 miles, with over 2,200 locomotives and 90,000 freight and passenger cars. ttS^&line, from Montreal to Vancouver, is 2,885 miles in length, and between Montreal Car., #K>ronto) and Vancouver it now has three through of which, the " Trans-Canada Limited," performs the journey in 93 hours. in 1749, when the French post known as Fort Rouille, to itjjpfenglish post at Oswego across the lake. As with many other towns in Eastern Catigj3&£', however, the real settlement of the district came with the'influx of United Empire Loyalists after the American War of Revolution. Its well sheltered harbor and splendid strategical position soon marked it as a place of future importance. It has now grown to be the second city in Cana^V^jfrSOO.OOO people. It has immense manufacturing establishments, very fine buU6^nJs^hre<feptiversities, nuni^ous^ffl^c'hes, atfS* ¥ "beautiful" residential section. Yonge Street, named after a former Secretary of State for War, suggests in its high buildings what is often said of Toronto, that it is " the most ambitious city of Canada." TORONTQir|X0IBITION THE Canadian National Exhibition, held each "year in the latter end of August and the beginning of Septem- V/|>erXis.$t&J!greatest thing of its kind in Canada. Representative displays of every kind of Canadian product are brought together, while in addition there are always numerous attractions in the main enclosure, such as aviat&i, .acrobatics, and fireworks, to say nothing of the ." l^fiiVay," with its countless side-shows. The exhibition grounds stand on the site of Fort Rouille, established by the French in 1749. Its site is marked by an obelisk in the southwest corner of the grounds. PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS. TORONTO rapidly that its railroad ter- nal facilities quickly became inadequate. The con- )f a new and more spacious terminal was contem- the beginning of the war, and although it was ide later and at the pre: learing completion. It stands on a large site near ild depot, and with its imposing Roman columns wi' in architectural credit to Toronto. It will handle traffic < three vays. ) OTTAWA, Federal Capital of the Dominion of Canada, residence of the Governor-General, meeting place of the House of Commons and the Senate, and headquarters of the administrative departments of the Government, is picturesquely situated at the junction of the Rideau and Ottawa Rivers. The new Parliament buildings (seen at right of picture), replacing those destroyed in the di fire of February, 1916, are nearing completion. On the left are seen the original east and west wings, which escaped undamaged. Ottawa, in addition to being the seat of the Government, has also a highly important lumbering industry. RIDEAU HALL, OTTAWA THE residence of the Govern standing about two miles road past Rideau Falls. AWATTO JJAH UA30DI NIAGARA FALLS NIAGARA is an Indian word signifying "The Thunder of Waters." Although neither the highest nor most impressive falls in the world, Niagara Falls'' ajg^rtainly the most famous. There are two falls, the A Horseshoe, divided by Goat Island, of which the Horseshoe on the Canadian side is by far the larger. Its height is 158 feet. The fascination of the scene draws thousands of visitors each year, but it is in the immense power developed that the interest of the falls is to-day. The amount&f water power actually available is 56,000 cubic feet per second (equal to 650,000 horse-power). In addition to the electric power used by the many local industries, a great quantity is distributed through the province of Ontario and New York State. (From the paintir NORTH BAY; is an important CanadfiB6^;3Pac: fiBaUway divisional point. It is situated on La Nipissing, a ''bWufirui sheet 6f*Mte:r' 90 miles lo] and 80 wide, with excellent fishing and hunting. T town is also the gateway for the famous Cobalt a Porcupine silver and gold districts. COBALT is a famous silver-mining district 103 miles ^Sjjjrtn of North Bay, and a little to the west of Lake Temiskaming, with extensive deposits of silver-cobalt ores containing an extraordinarily high percentage of silver. The presence of this precious metal was discovered in 1903, and during the first ten years that the mines were worked 185,000,000 ounces of silver were taken out, paying dividends to the amount of $49,000,000. In the year 1917 (latest figures available) the production was 19,401,893 ounces, at an average price of 81.4 cents per ounce. CANADA^lia^^alw^^'M^enaa^pfeafti^ervM?lplct| the province^^British Columbia, and subsequent® the Yukon Territory, forr^iS'producing by far the. majority. In 1909, however, impb^iit discoveries were made.^ the Porcupine district, abo^^ft^^^^fi^iifffjme^balt silver district, which h^ei^s^tedj^JJ^^gVpe province of Ontario t^"^e^ii.-^ffl^tife^^^^B^at^g.â output having ris^f!|^^M the total in 1909 to i now seven mines in the Porcupine district producing gold, all of them reached from Timmins. The picture shows the Hollinger plant, the largest of these mines. J THESE huge pulp and paper nuHs'^e. one of many growing grc^tipW^oX mills in Canada. These are Situated on the Spanish River near Espanola Station, not far from the shores-. ^Hiake Huron, and have a day^'p&dui^on!'»i.i7& tons of ground wood pulp and iW'Uns 'oF'new'sprfnt. The Spanish River country has not only great timber and mineral values, it is also famous for its hunting and fishing possibilities. LOCKS AT SAUilt ;STE. MARIE QAULT ST%-.p&&M^i&s^^A; O Marys, river where the :flcjw;;ft6ttrli$)a|5^*Superior to Lake Huio^^sj^&«u|^^^^^kg7^t^Marys T|p^d$.V-JTo."overcome th|B^^^dfceW:tiMl8mg8%io|if!3ocks jl^eJ3»|;en constructed on both sides of.'tn^Srivfer^m^om- ^easayeMhe differencejo|l:l.$â feet in the water leijeitVS The i4&5jp|||iffi 'Government canal is 7,472 feet long by si*|$ feet flW<w|t«t.was built in 1885-1895 at a cost of about $4^0,000. Ail'-ii^ttense amount of tonnage passes through the locks "jJaay^ifing the seaSc&fe-^avigation. In 1917,'15,447,000 i through either the Panama r Suez Canal in the : eyes J ALONG THE AGAWA CAN'flPp ~*HE country tcjfifite immediate north of Sautt3|te/1$lar led "Algc all that district, a wild and rugged country toWffl^ th« oft used term "sportsman's paradise" may withipaaaBeulai aptness be applied. It is full of mountain streaJi^jSalls rapids and lakes, deSJ^fe'vooded, where moose, caribou and deer are to be found in large numbers. As for fish : abound. One typical spot i TROUT FISHING AT NIPJGON NIPIGON is the Mecca of devout trout-fishermen, for the size and fighting capacity of its red-speckled beauties, the largest and gamest in the world, have earned the respectful admiration of anglers in every country. The Nipigon River, forty miles long, with numerous lake expansions and surging rapids, flows from Lake *'â¢ NJpigon into Lake Superior; its wafer is of the purest, clearest kind, and of the coldest temperature. Local guides declare that this is a region that can never possibly be fished out, and that notwithstanding the number of years it has been fished, five-pounders are still common. ACROSS THE GREAT LAKES IE route of the Great Lakes trip is from Port McNicoll or Owen SoiiM,.;on the eastern shore of Lake Huron, through the Sault Sainfe^arie (" Soo ") Canal, that connects the two lakes, to Port Arthur and Fort William. LAKE HURON ACROSS Lake Huron, through,jh|||0,000 islands of the Georgian Bay, and Lake Superior a Canadian Pacific steamship service provides a be^utrmtrWby-. day inland cruise. Lake Superior fe]|^;largest body of fresh water in the world. THUNDER CAPE, NEAR PORT ARTHUR iSAe£^^G promontory â¢^^^^leeping Giant,' of basaltic rock called the St IferfciaTfilig ^InV^ISfojider Cape. The cape towers to a height of ^ofef eet. emfieW'C^henJtirpKoS; and from the north or south it looks like a sleeping giant. PORT ARTHUR PORT ARTHUR, with its " twin city," Fort William, stands at the head of Lake Superior. Together they form Canada's greatest grain port. Through here the huge grain crop of Western Canada every year finds its way; hauled hither by railway cars, the grain is transferred to lake steamers, and then carried down the Great Lakes to Port McNicoll, Buffalo, and other ports. As many as 369,000,000 bushels of grain have passed through these FORT WILLIAM THE total daSjMtty of the great terminal elevators , j^^^fpmiaM and Port Arthur isin^^s of ^^I^S^Sf^Ha^'.: The Kaministikwia Riv^p|E(ow- f itfgSrjpw*tne lake, has been dredged out so that the largest freighter$â(3ftn have easy access to the dock. J LEAVING Fort William, the railway enters a somewhat J sparsely settled district of dense forests, la and rock. For over three hundred miles we are still in the Province of Ontario, which corresponds roughly with this great bush country. A very important pulp industry has been developed, the centres of which are Dryden and Lake of the Woods. Eenora, the chief town of this at the northern end of Lake of the Woods, a large, beautiful expanse of water extending seventy-five miles south to Rainy River; and, dotted as it is with hundreds of islands, it is a favorite summer resort for Winnipeg people. â¢TSr#71;. Winnipeg ;*a#£?fffi ^SJprprt'^Garry," with-^a^jjpvi ere. trading post knowr as lifeffi^fione "hundred. Its growth since.Jn^;trlrieJ,lj& be en phenomenal. To-day it is the tluxA *j*f,u>rV)lVj1IgjUg nada, with a population of ^|5p$f!*''Commanding the tra leyipg^vast region to the north, east and west, it is now me; ofthe. important ihdus- m41 centres "c^pFdlborniniom*' It has numerous parks and fine public bwjaings, th©..m|sj OTijpoStirg-ot. which are the new Provincial Parliament builc ings. There ar^atfoTiuge grain elevators, abattoirs, and the largest railway yards in the world, with over one hun ired and ten mTlesoftr I THE&ROYAL ALEXANDRA HOTEL, JSSR WINNIPEG FROM a mere trading post, Winnipeg has risen in a little over forty years to the position of one of the most handsome and progressive cities of the continentdJRB is the gatewayi,to.-tte great grain producing prairies, the grain market of the British Empire, the railway centre for. Yregtern Canada, an.fcafi important manufacturing and distributing point. The Royal AlexandraHotST;ranks amongst the its original size. It adjoins the new Canadian Pacific THE "COUNTESS OF DUFFERIN" THE " Countess of Dufferin " was the first locomotive to arrive in Winnipeg. It was on October 7th, 1877, that the steamer " Selkirk," with barge loaded with what was then called " C. P. R. Locomotive No. 1," together with six flat cars and a caboose, reached the city from the south. The advent of the iron horse was a day of great rejoicing in the then small town. The engine was named after the wife of the then Governor-General of Canada. A comparison between it and the mighty " Pacifies " and " Mik- ados " of to-day tells a wonderful story of the progress of Canadian railroading. SASKATOON SASKATOON, on the South Saskatchewan River, is a little more than half way between Winnipeg and Edmonton on the important branch line of the Canadian Pacific that connects those three cities. It is situated in the heart of a very rich agricultural distrraf, for which it is the supply centre. Its growth has been very rapid, condensing into a shorter span of years than is even usually the case the characteristic development of the western city. Hardly more than fifteen years ago Saskatoon was a tent settlement of a few score people; now it is a busy Utile metropolis of some 25,000. A WHEATFiELD'tM^WiSfERN CA>JAD&* THE great prairie region of the C ,rt j&aLleyi miles east of Winnipe5g& t l^cajl ^g^^^e^Wtoi^s^dist^^'S^iSie north from the international boundary betwejBaSjp&hada and the United States for at least 300 miles. This.yaijt region, the?$|l|'s " last Great West," forn%Ahuge agricultural area, prStH^ig wheat, oatSi, btepey, and other cereals in great quantity and of the finest quality."'_^&Sfcthe total land area of 466,000,- wan and Alberta, at least 200,000,000 acres are estimated to be first-class agricultural land, but only about 30,000,000 acres are yet actually settled and under cultivation. WESTERN Canada is not only famous for wheat, it i: M ' a^scta great stock-raising region. Before grain wa: raised to any extent, the country was largely devoted t< ranching on an exteii&vjs-scale. The big ranches havi now almost disappeared, but stofclf:>?aising is more popula than ever, only instead of one man owning several thousanc head of cattle, there are now several thousand men ownini herds of any size up to several hundred. There are nov about 3,700,000 cattle in Western Canada. Those in thi picture are Herefords, one of the best beef types. PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS, EDMONTON CAPITAL of Alberta and gateway to of practically unexploited but fertile land to the north, known as the Peace River Country. Already an important city of 58,000 people, Edmonton is destined to become greater as the rich farming country which it serves develops. Edmonton was established as a trading post by the Hudsons Bay Company in 1795, and the remains of the old fort are still standing near the Parliament Buildings. The city stands principally on a lofty bluff overlooking the North Saskatchewan River. CALGARY is the end of the prairj^roper and the beginning of the foot-hill country. Founded less than forty years ago, it is now a flourishing industrial and agricultural ceM^rthe largest city between Winnipeg antiffi^^couyer, an important junction with north-and-south traffic, and the headquarters of the land, mineral and timber interests of the Canadian Pacific. THE PALLISER HOTEL, CALGARY 1 CALGARY is on the western edge of the fertile prairies, and practically at the foothills of the Canadian Rockies. Founded less than forty years ago, it is to-day an excellent example of the enterpgsfeSnd rapid growth of the Canadian West. It has flourishing industries, but probably its chief importance lies in its distribution of supplies for the sur- roundingf arming country. Here is a magnificent Canadian Pacific hotel, the " Palliser," completed in 1914. From its roof garden a beautiful view of the Rockies, over 50 miles away, can be obtained. BASSANO DAM I.Mj^IHA'ipisV north of theKinain' line of the railway and touching the city of Calgary at its western end is the great Canadian Pacific Irrigation BipJ$|',the largest /Jttqiyiiiual irrigation project on the American continent. The block consists of over three million acres, of which a great portion will ultimately be brought under irrigation. Water is obtained from the Bow river at two inletsâone at Calgary, and the other at Bassano, eighty miles' fa.»jne ^eglp/At the latter plac&,4'- huge dam has been erected to divert water for the irrigation of about 440,0O$;iai?res. This dam raises tie'^^el of the river by about'Sft^e^, and con- .-.jip^fSiSJS'tWio partsâa concrete spillway, 720 feet long, and an earthen embankment, 8,000 feet long. The water, being raised, is carried in the main canal, seen at the right hand side, and later distributed through a system of secondary canals and ditches about 2,500 miles in length. THE BROOKS AQUEDUCT ar I T HE Brooks Aqueduct is another important structure in section of the Canadian Pacific irrigation istructed to carry sufficient water across a ley to irrigate 120,000 acres, it is 10,400 feet maximum height of sixty feet and a " barrel " >ss the top and nine feet deep. It is supported by columns, one end being lower than the other to give the stream a 1 feet per second. At the point where the track is used because of insufficient room system. Co long flat vai long, with a IRRIGATING, ALBERTA Sra^tual application tc from the Bow£3&ksr ndary channels,-otBi- HE final stage of irrigationâ the land. The water divert' tfter flowing through main and se tually reaches the farmer's inclivi^d|||lciKhat runs alongside his field. When he wishes to apply the yyaterflie ploughs several series of furrows; aJjSU* the crpp is already above grornd, re-uses the old furrows previously made, places a small dam across the ditch, and runs 6m the water over his field in the ^airashown. Irrigation is principally beneficial because the application of moisture at'tfie proper time, instead of reliance upon the haphazard element of rainfall, causes much heavier crops. It is also valuable in another way, in that by its use certain crops can be produced that would be practically impossible without it, such as alfalfa, the premier fodder crop of this continent. BgL^NSTRATil^^FmMf^TRATHMORE irrigation system. It has a large demonstration farm serving as a base for the production and purchase of cream, butter, eggs, poultry, vegetables and other commodities, for the western dining car and hotel system of the Company. THE THREE SISTERS COMPANION peaks that form one of the first notable sights in the journey through the Rocky Mountains. Canmore, at their base, is a large coal- THE BEGINNING OF THE ROCKIES world has no more magnificent or diversified untain scenery to offer than the Rocky Moun- E Canadaâdescribed by Edward Whymper, :brated Alpinist, as fifty Switzerlands thrown HORSES, WESTERN CANADA IN an agricultural country, there is a constant demand for horsesâa demand that has been accentuated by the European shortage. Western Canadian bred horses have always been well known for their fine all-round qualities. The number of horses in the west is about 2,100,000. AN EVIDENCE of the high standard which the horse- .â¢ breeding industry has reached in Western Canada is afforded by this ranch. Mr. Lan West, and one of ind farmers, has made a specialty c horses, with the result that he has now the mo: breeding establishment 'of its kind in the world "T" and Namal^ranches near Calgary, he h hundred pure-bred Percherons, and where foundation stock of this splendid stud was importi France, Mr. Lane is now exporting animals back t< British Isles for breeding purposes. He has the distinction of making the first exportation of Percheron horses from the American continent to European countries. Mr. Lane keeps about 10,000 head of cattle on his ranches and :s about 9,000 acres of grain crops each year. On his EEN Winnipeg and Calgary the railway has already bed over 2,600 feet; and from Calgary to Banff 100 feet in eighty miles. Leaving Calgary, the great stretches^ of levfct^&untry cease, and the ;r©>Iluig' grassy foothiSsV Stepped, rising. tier upon tier4(1; the r^ts's-^of tKe great ranges to which they are the outposts. Soon the mountains rise abruptly in great rna)fe*sferL A bend 'in the line'^rfngsHne â trW^eTWe6n''^rW*am^Vyvertical walls of dizzy height, streaked and capped with snow and ROCKY MOUNTAIN^ PARK, 1,800 square miies in extent, is the largest Dominion Government reservation in Wester&^knada. Banff (altitude:f%3%;ieet) is its headquarters. No part of the R^cjiie? exhibits a greater "Ceasing, scenery, and nowhere are and features of special i js<fSict,..wher.e so many good rda^s^nd bridle paths have been constructed. Banff is now one of the most popu|8^'m&untain resorts of this continent and the rendezvous, every year, of an enormous number of holiday - makers from all over Canada and the United States. 9,826 end of the valley in which lies the valley of Banff, which is here SWIMMING PQOMAT BANFF A MILE or so to the other side WpiO0,^ park containing a number of specim [Id animals, such as buffalo, elk, i and mountain goat. This herd of buffalo, with a somewhat larger herd in another Dominion Park further north, are than fifty years ago, the predominating animal of Westers Canada, roaming the prairies by millions. His Royal Highness the Duke of Connaught chief by the Indian tribe resident near name Teen-cha-ka Ee-ya-ke Oon-ka, 1 Great Mountain Chief." SPRINGS HOTJlia! JPIPJJOW RIVER BY MOONLIGHT NEAR BANFF (Frompaintings by C. W. Simpson, A.R.C.A. J GMKTEAU la: LAKE LOUISE is 630 feet higher than the station of the sameltiame, which is itself 5,044 feet ibove sea level. The ascent may be made by a Ught ailway to this beautiful lake, well characterized as ine,^ht^;;niost perfect gems of scenery in the world. LAKE LOUISE #?Sji®r THE SHORES OF LA^*', LOUI^H ROJtFLake Louise, an easy climb or delightful pony ride.btitfg's;. one to the Lakes itt^eVClouds. The .â graflually a thousand feet to Mirror Lake, and thence, rather'-rhore steeply, another two hundred feet past the Bridal Vei£$j£}ls to Lake Agnes.^^hese latjes, situated the wildest beauty, lie like jewels 6n?the bosom of the mountains,-and their calm, placid surfaces lortStne peace and'quie'foelsY'' BcVfilakes are seen itf this Mount Lefroy, the Beehive, and Mount Victoria. MORAINE LAKE A SHORT coach or automobile excursion fro Lake Louise brings one to Moraine Lake- lovely mountain lake lying in the " Valley of the Te Peaks." These ten peaks, all of which are ovi 10,000 feet high, and the highest of which, Mt. Delt: form, is 11,225 feet, encircle the eastern and southei of t | lake a A LAKE of the deepest and most exquisite col mirroring forest glacier, tremendous | crowned peaks, and the blue sky overhead. LAKE OHARA â AKE O'HAJ^lies in a south-westerly direction features of the wildest Alpine grandeur. dntings by C. W. Simpson THE GREAT DIVIDE SIX miles west of Lake Louise is the " Great Divide "â at once^e highest elevation of the Canadian Pacific Railway (5,326 feet), the boundary between the Jpio^kices of Alberta and British Columbia, and the very backbone of the continelrt«*.|lt if marked by a rustic arch spanning a stream, under which the water divides, by one of those freaks by which Nature diverts herself, into two little brooks that have vastly different fates. The waters that flow to the east eventually reach Hudson Bay and the Atlantic Ocean; the rivulet that runs to the west adds its mite to the volume of the Pacific. The group seen here "consists of their Royal Highnesses' thV'buSeahd Duchess of Connaught and Princess Patricia, on f journey in 1916. CATHEBRSHj FRr through the Kicking Horse Papg^^Formerly this was a wonderfulitjoipiB^J^-^forming one of the most notable engin- eliminated, and the grade redu^&',$d 2.2 per cent,' These tunnels are the famous " Spiral Tunnelsv"f; jjgjfehi the east, the track enters the first tunnel under Cathedral Mountain, 3,255 feet in length, and after turning a complete circle and passing under itself emerges into daylight 54 feet lower. leaving Cathedral Mountain,""'.the brack t crossing 5jthe river e !ij'f«(pt.long, under Mfc#gd&i iplete^cir.$fefand passing under i lower and continues westwardto Field. The^wiole perfect maze, the railway doubling back*8pon itself twice and forming, a rough figure 8 in shaped All three tracks can beseeninttepiCtWejfwith the old discarded 'onS'm-tfie'cenTre*. "^Irtrhr is' m aMn^it s' Waf uptnemn on the lowest track, and will shortly enter the tunnel under Mt. Ogden, seen on the left. THE Spiral Tunnels, just illustrated, show how the tremendous gradient through the Kicking Horse Pass has been eliminated. In contrast to that, the present shows the obstacles faced before the construction of tunnels. It is also an historic photograph in that lat conveying His Majesty the King, hen Duke of Cornwall and York, on his Empire trip a 1901. The train consisted of one locomotive hauling, ive cars, three locomotives sandwiched, five cars again, nd one engine in the rear pushing. â¢T^IELD.ls 'Jjjt Stepjie little town, reached soonaMIthe Spiral T^nelsfti^pDu n towers six thousand feet higher than i n front of which roars the Kicking Horse. Riv which the r ailwaRi'sHll follow for a considerahle.-;.<distan. At Field on e begins to leave the Rockies proper,/and the Selkirk 'range. From the "orett Divide to the lowe point of this valley the descent is over 2,800 feet. TAKAKKAW FALLS Yoho Valley, near Field. An immense vol- sthing, boiling water rushes over the side of a narrow gorge, and descends clouds of foam, a sheer drop of 1,200 EMERALD LAKE A LOVELY Utile gem of green water nestling in the forest and completely surrounded by rocky peaks. It is reached from Field either by direct road or over the Yoho Pass, on the return from the Yoho Valley. Minting by Oliver Den e the Twin Falls, two vast columns of watei e shrouded in dense clouds of steamlike lused by their concussion with the rock floor beneath J >HE trail continues further to the Yond.;J0tecier of the most interesting and picturesque in BURGESS PASS ii -rpROM the Takakkaw FaUs, one can turn south- P west, cross the Yoho Pass, and in three or' four hours reach Emerald Lake, illustrated on another page. At the summit of the pass a trail to the south the Burgess Pass, back into Field. The sharp- toothed mountain seen in the centre of the picture is Mount Burgess. THE VAN HORNE RANGE LOOKING down the valley of the Kicking Hors River from Field, one of the most prominen series of peaks is that known as the Van Home Range showing in its summits an undulal trough and crest. The river, which follows, divides this range from the Otter NEAR GOLDEN, B.C. AJ "EDELWEISS,", toear J^g&^&teWtaiber of guides brought .!^^;, Switzerland'£jJSffi the Canadian Pacific for the benefit of mountain climbers in the Rocky Mountains. The colony is a picturesque little settlement, its houses resembling in their chalet- like form the houses of the guides' native country". ascends the second of 'riiprise the Canadian jj&jcJ^eS^-the SeIkirks.^-ffpi;crossing was formerly through the Rogers Pass; but the Connaught Tunnel, opened to traffic in December, 1916, is now utilized insteacfefThis â ful tunnel is the longest railway tunnel in America, is five miles long. It pierces Mount vMaCdonald, and only lowers the summit attained by the railway by 552 asponding to st mplet 1 t^ya&ti caves FIVE miles from Glacier, and situated in the lower slopes of Mount Cheops in the Cougar Valley. The caves have beautiful interior marble markings. MOUNT SIR DONALD ONE of the most striking mountains visible from Glacier. Rising to a height of a mile and a quarter above the railway, this stately, monolith was named after the late Lord Strathcona (then Sir Donald Smith). Ik GLACIER house GLACIER HOUSE (elevation 4,086 feet), lV^ftiles from Glacier Station at the western end of the Con- naught Tunnel, is a charming CanacUa^]8;^c-*vJa?tel, especially favored by mountain climbers. Surrounding it are a number of huge peaks and wonderful glaciers that tempt the enthusiastic alpinist. An active Canadian Alpine Club, with 500 members and headquarters at Banff, .holds a camp each year in the Canadian Rockies, and welcomes those who have the ambition to dimb a peak at lejls* ten thousand feet above sea level. There is plenty otcnoice, for the Government names 147 peaks over 10,000 feet, of which 46 are over 11,000 feet. vay runs along the very edge of this gorge, river is seen 150 feet bBlo^Ji'. compressed int ng flume scarcely twenty feet wide. REVELSTOKE REVELSTOKE, on the Columbia River, is an important railway divisional point and the northern gateway to Kootenay mining camps. It is a fine summer resort, with fishing, boating, and mountain climbing. On Mount Revel- stoke, immediately north of the city, the Dominion and Provincial Governments are now building a good automobile road; on the summit of this mountain is a beautiful Alpine park. THIRTY miles beyond Revelstoke, an obelisk alongside the track at Craigellachie commemoS^Si. the completion of the constractid&'of-the Canadian Pacific Railway. ^^!tr^Wfete»Sffi1|pvember 7th, 1885, that the rails from the '^^^met the rails from the wd$|ptt& the long-cherished vision of a Canadian transcontinental railway became a reality. In this photograph, taken on that historic day, three builders of Canada are seenâSir Donald Smith (later Lord Strathcona), who is driving a golden spifcesSMr. (later Sir) Sandford Fleming, who stands immediately >ehind hirr he left. I Mr. Will 1 Van Hor large body of rc-Sder}HSpu-. ttout point for the Okanagan KAMLOOPS is the principal town in the Thompson River valley, the north fork of which comes down from the mountains 200 miles northward and here joins the main river. It is a beautiful spot, the trading centre for a large ranching and mineral region, and with rapidly developing fruit-growing and lumbering interests. THE FRASER CANYON DESCENDING from the mountains to the Pacific Coast, the railway follows successively the Thompson and Fraser rivers. The canyon scenery along the Fraser especially is of the utmost wildness and grandeur. THE KErt$fe m VALLEY LINE A NEWLY completed line that links together the .. BÂ»ufjiern route across British Columbia through I the beautiful lake district. It follows for a consider- I able distance the Coquihalla River. ier River, the chief river of British Columbia, down from the north 1 mountain peaks. From Lytton into Vancouver the railway foUows this great waterway, whose turbid flood and rocky encompassing cliffs -form" 1? 'W accompanrment^^ear North Bend are " Hell Gates," where the river, suddenly compressed by two jutting promontories, escapes through COMPREHENSIVE idea of the nature- of the Fraser River Canyon is afforded by this picture $jP1&fe, which occupies a bench above the river/in a deep cul-de-sac in the mountains, which rise abruptly and to a great height on either side. It was formerly a gold mining town and an important outfitting point for prospectors. VANCOUVER. B.C: VANCOUVER, the western terminus of rail lines of the Canadian Pacific Railway, is one of the leading cities of the North Pacific Coast. It is a very important seaport with a vast business to Japan, China, Australia, and New Zealand, as well as Alaska and the west coast of Vancouver Island. It is also the centre of a huge lumbering and fishing trade, and is coming rapidly to the fore in shipbuilding. T VANCOUVER i Pacific hotel, a i Until May, 1886, the site of Vancouver was a dense forest; then a flourishing town arose, to be wiped out by fire in July of the same year. All Vancouver, which includes not only the city proper, but also suburbs in every direction, even across Burrard Inlet, dates from that disaster. ROOF GARDEN, VANCOUVER HOTEL THE EMPRESS HOTEL, VICTORIA (Frompaintings by C. W. Simpson, A.R.C.A. VANCOUVER is most picturesquely situated on Burrard Inlet. Surrounding it are beautiful suburbs of varied character, of which the'best known is Stanley Park^f'primeval forelt actually'within the city limits. This park, encircled by a good road, contains thousands of Douglas firs and giant cedars, of a most amazing size and age. n fisheru Pacific Coast. The iderable distance, but the headquarters of Jge .a minster. Gigantic canneries, employing a largi people, have an output of many thousands of pounds a and B.C. salmon finds its way to practically all parts o civilized world. S.S. "PRINCESS CHARLOTTE" the Strait of Georgia brings i, and nine hours down Puget Sound to the big American city of Seattle. A fleet of fast C.P.R. steamers,of which the "Princess Charlotte" ingular service between these three cities. VICTORIA, at the southern end of Vancouver Island, is the provincial capital of British Columbiaâa beautiful city that is often, because of the characteristic beauty of its residential district, caUed "A bit of England on the shores of the Pacific." At the side, of the harbor are the handsome provincial Parliament buildings, and at the left the Empress Hotel. Although largely a resort alS'lesi- dence city, Victoria has a flourishing business, being the eforf ding ii of EACON HILL PARK, VICTORIA »-pHIS picturesque park of 300 acres is situated withi X few minutes' walk of the business section. Cc manding magnificent views of the snow-capped Olym pic Mountains on the mainland, it contains large recrea grounds, splendid old oaks, shady walks, and beautiful lakes on which swim stately swans. Victoria is a favorite resort for both summer and winter, its climate being delightfully mild, for which reason it attracts thousands of visitors from all parts. J INLAND from Victoria is a fertile count farming, fruit raising, lumbering and c are the chief occupations. The Esquimalt an Railway runs north for 140 miles. The roads Vancouver Island are exceptionally good, and s among these roads is the famous Malahat Drive. NEW WESTMINSTER NEW WESTMINSTER, on the Fraser River, is the headquarters of the salmon canning industry, which is represented by a dozen or more extensive establishments. It has also large sawmills, the products of which are shipped to China, South America, Africa, Europe, and Australia. New Westminster owes its he city's once being the capital of British Columbia, before the amalgamation of that colony and Vancouver Island. FROM Vancouver the Kettle VaUey Railway affords an alternative route to the prairies through the lake region of Southern British Columbia. This district is one of magnificent, wild scenery. The first important stop is Penticton, on Okanagan Lake, the centre of a very rich fruit farming country. LAKE STEAMER, BRITISH COLUMBIA THE southern region of British Columbia is ridged up into many mountain ranges, between which he countless lakes, most of them exceedingly long by a very narrow width. The four prmgpjja lakes, travelling from west to east, are Okanagan, Arrow, Slocan, and Kootenay Lakes, on all of. which steamer transportation is maintained by the Canadian Pacific Railway. The type- paddle wheels at the stern. whar MOUNT ASSINIBOINE ^ORTY miles south of Biu%,ll,860 feet in height, and the Mecca of every Alpine Climber in the Canadian Rockies. FORT inh< ig by G.B. Mitchell) J NELSON, charmingly situated on the "west arm" of Kootenay Lake, is a bright little city, the commercial centre of the Kootenay Lake district and of the Boundary mining district. Immediately behind it is the mountain in which is located the famous " SUver King " mine, from which over ten million dollars of treasure have been taken. rapidly growing ranching industry. Fruit-r; being developed, and the city is the prirj facturing point in East Kootenay. CROWS NEST MOUNTAIN circular monolith with its base deeply tinted in purple and green, and crowned and capped in a dazzling mass of snow and ice, is seen for many miles. Dominating the whole district, it stands at the border line of British Columbia and Alberta, and is 9,138 feet high. A variety of causes is 1 for of this t the likely is e of a historic e of MINING, CROWS NEST PASS THE Crow's Nest Pass country is one of diverse interestâbeautiful lakes, impressive mountain ranges, fruit farming, and coal and metal mining. It is one of the most productive coal-mining regions in Canada. MACLEOD is one of the older towns of Alberta, and had a trading post and a North-West Mounted Police detachment before many of the cities that hava since outstripped it in sbe were of . any consequence at all. It is a prosperous agricultural and ranching centre, and a distributing point for the Crow's Nest Pass. 1 LETHBRIDGE VIADUCT THE railway entrance to Lethbridge is gained by one of the gigantic engineering works of Canada, a bridge across the Lethbridge River. This bridge consists of two immense steel viaducts, one 5,327 feet in length with a maximum height of 314 feet above the river, and the other 1,900 feet in length with a height of 146 feet. LETHBRlTJGIp .. ^'«%"S2i^! LETHBRIDGE is situated at the sQUt$|3g of the triangle of rich farming territory embraced; and served by itself, Calgary, and Medicine Hat.'^rHis a pretty city, with diverse interests; it not only has adjacent to it a large' irrigation system, which is well settled by prosperous farmers, amongst whom are a large number of Americansâit also has some large producing coal mines which supply a considerable part of the prairie consumption of coal. From here to Medicine Hat, a Utile over a hundred miles, the route is through an agricultural section. MEDICINE HAT WORLD-FAMOUS for its natural gas, which rushes up from the bowels of the earth at enormous !lp^d&nd affords one of the cheapest iUuminants and power-sources that can be imagined. There are twenty gas wells at Medicine Hat, with a daily open flow of fifty million cubic feet, equivaienT'to 200,000 h.p., of which hardly more than one-tenth is actually used. This extraordinarily cheap fuel is used for lighting, heating and power. J SHEEP, WESTERN CANADA >HEEP raising is not so important an industry in West- 5 ern Canada as it might be, but much greater attention now being paid to it, with the result that western wool is dw being sold in Boston and New York. The climatic jnditions are ideal for sheep raising, and there is an .exhaustible supply of good feed. The number of sheep . the prairie provinces is about 603,000. MOOSE TAW M° OSE JAW rejoices in one of those English versions sr abridgi nes in which Western Canadc is so ric h. Popu ar traditic n has it that the full name, literaUy tr anslated, would b'e ' The-creek-where-the- white- nan -mended - the - c rt-with-a -moose-jaw-bone," a vivid s idelight c n an inc ident of Dioneering days. The city is situated n a fine agricultural country, with large flour mills and a 3,500,000 bush el Government grain principal connect on being one to th i south which crosses the be rder and reaches the larg a American cities of Minne1- polis and St. Paul, and beyoi d them, Chicago. A CANADIAN GUIDE OF THE WEST ITH the "Big Four" hat, the coloured necker- , and the "chapps" which make^ the pic- nsemble of the Canadian " cow puncher ". (From the painting by C. W. Simpson, A.R.t PARLIAMENT BUILDINGS, REGINA THE capital of the province of Saskatchewan, Regina has grown from a small farm settlement to the largest city in the province. It has a population of 45,000, and is an important distributing point for the southern part of Saskatchewan. The Royal Northwest Mounted Police have their headquarters here. There are also the splendid Provincial Parliament Buildings. DUCK SHOOTING ON THE PRAIRIES VERY fine duck sho fall of the year i prairies, but especially ii 1 W';dng5yed in the f the countless INDIAN HEAD, SASKfflfCHEWA: TNDL- ORTAGE LA<,PRA|gaE^'j ' sixty miles', west of Winnipeg, a rich and popul|>u^»wpsi$fct$^,^|peptr the province. This part of Manitoba is K^cj&djpar MOOSE HUNTING CANADA is singularly rich in wild life, and affords the hunter many opportunities for getting big game. The monarch of all wild animals, the moose, is to be found at a large number of points, of which the district r being traversed, the western Algoma country, is a very noteworthy one. Although it may take time to sight rather let us say get to the windward side of him, the splendid trophy that his head and magnificent spread of horns make is a more tl reward. FROM Sudl Canadian Pacific runs south to the city of Toronto, following for a considerable distance the eastern shore of Georgian Bay. This line taps a series of holiday resorts, of which Point .jaii*HWil is islands covering a very large area, and affords excellent fishing, especially for black bass and ' ''t BALA is the station for the Muskoka Lakes, probably the most popular summer resort of Canada. The lakes, three in number, with, the lovely, watercourses flowing into and connecting them, provide the medium for every kind of aquatic sport; and in the " dog days," when âso much so that it is sometimes said that it only wants the City Hall to make it a regular Toronto. HAMILTON, at the west end of Lake Ontario, and 39 miles from Toronto, is the third manufacturing city of Canada as "regards the value of output. In recent years a large number of important industries of the United States have established branch factories hfere, .,«? ^faifh cheap electrical power from the Niagan^aUs^naexceUentsnip- ping facilities by both rail and boat, it is most favorably located for the manufacturing industry. Its population to-day is 110,000. GUELPH AGRIGt^f MKAL (M)LLEGE THIS college, probably the foremost of its kind in Canada, dates from 1873, and is affiUated with the University of Toronto. Apart from its experimental work in agriculture and stock-raising, it has an exceedingly fine record of propaganda and agricultural education. It supplies uitable studei THE whole of the Western OiSano^rjeninsula proclaim in its place namesâtdml^- counties, and riversâth nationality of its earliest settlers. 'â >For^}cample: Stratforc Ontario, resembles Stratford, Warwickshire, in that stands upon a River Avon; 4lnd indeed the river view her Shakespearian original. The city is a thriving industrii and agricultural one and an important railway centre, wit some large railway shops. atmospher settlers, wl .utiful, progressi' I educational ar QITUATED on the River Tham O a rich agricultural and fruit-growing district, Chath is a thriving city. It is adjacent to the famous Tilbury natural gas ar'eaV-whicfe suppHes the Hght, heat and power for both the domestic and Industrial purposes of the town. It is also a popular summer resort. The river, navigable for 26 miles, furnishes excellent motor-boating, canoeing, and fishing. Chatham has numerous factories. of manufacture. It is also the :ultural Western Ontario ORIGINALLY a colony established ou the b'aoBs 0 ::3M?j:pit river by a French Governor of Canada, i eighteenth century, Windsor grew â*a{^|i^?bJMiaJ hi settlement to an important manufacturing city. Its e prise and its positionjpppdsMe the large American ci Detroit is responsible for its rapid progress. A great i American industries whose parent plants are across Detroit River, especially automobile l.u-torvgsjLliaiJe*. ^i>addPffcl^prS Wifla?o¥*toMc^e'''ft'r III'^SdHJan: I Windsor is a city of beautiful homes and fine public build with many pretty lake and holiday resorts within a GALT, situated on the Grand River, proudly calls itself " f l^Manchester of :."<5fesla." It has Qdustries, amongst them woollens, cottons, engineering supplies. It has the advantage of iiral gas for light and power. ti SHAWA is the.ijirgest town in the county of ,Ont mnded by two brothers named Farwell, ; sxploring the shores of Lake Ontario at the begin: lie nineteenth century, paddlfflR-.their canoe up Oshawa BELLEVILLE BELLEVILLE is appropriately named, but not as one might suppose from its beautiful situation, its cool and shaded streets, or its very fine residences, but after Lady Arabella Gore, wife of a former Governor of Upper Canada. It was in Belleville, in 1794, that Captain Meyers built tl â first b acted it The city's pretty situation on the Bay of Quin Hftfc - '"fe?* INteST^K owes its begin idifk^o';th|fe«§rfmnation XV I f that vigorous Governor c f Canada, Count Frontenac, to set ap a fort there which he lid in the summer >f 1673. The fc rt was captu ed and de molishejf iit1 '&$& by the EngUsh, but the influx of United Empire Loyalists ft om the United States soon re-settled the country to a degree greatei than before. Kingston is the seat of the Royal Military Collfg^fef! Canada, a ad of Queens Urn versify. Goven or Simeoe, the first Gove nor of new Upper Canada. took hi s oath here in 1792. It -i vas for a short time capital of the United Provinc es of Uppe and Lower Canad i. The BROCKVILLE BROCKVILLE, on the left bank of the St. Lawrence River about half way between Toronto and Montreal, takes its name from General Sb Isaac Brock, who repulsed a large American force at the Battle of Queenston Heights near Niagara Ealls, in 1812. It is an important railway junction and port. MONTRpAL-LOOKING TOWARDS THE MOUNTAIN MONTREAL, chief city and commercial capital of Canada, is situated on an island formed by the St. Lawrence and Ottawa Rivers, on the site of the ancient Indian viUage of Hochelaga, visited by Jacques Cartier in 1535. The city has a far-reaching trade and great manufacturing estabUshments, and is the headquarters of the Canadian Pacific Railway. Prominent from every part ol Montreal is Mount Royal, a large public park. ta> the centre of the view is seen Dominion Square, and oh" the The population of Greater WINDSOR STREET STATION, MONTREAL m H] EADQUARTERS of the Canadian Pacific Railway system with its allied and subsidiary MONTREALâTHE HARBOR MONTREAL* port nearly miles above salt i than New York. of being a great ocean thousand miles inland. Although 250 ter, it is 315 miles nearer to LiyerBpol The broad St. Lawrence forms avhighway 1 ocean-going steamers can safely ascend to Montreal has seven miles of fine wharves of ast warehouses, and four huge grain elevators, capacity of 10,260,000 bushels. MONTRE^r^THE PLACE VIGER HOTEL AMONGST its many good hotels, Montreal has the Place Viger, erected and operated by the Canadian Pacific RaUway. This imposing structure is named in honor of Commander Viger, the first mayor of Montreal, and faces the graceful, quiet Viger Gardens. 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Books
III-0695
English
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
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Original Format: University of British Columbia. Library. Rare Books and Special Collections. FC59 .H57 1919
Windsor, Edward, Duke of, 1894-1972
Visits of state--Canada
His Royal Highness, the Prince of Wales' tour of Canada, August to October, nineteen nineteen
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