"CONTENTdm"@en . "http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1576903"@en . "British Columbia Historical Books Collection"@en . "A general synopsis of birds"@en . "Latham, John, 1740-1837"@en . "2017-10-27"@en . "1783"@en . "\"Vols. 2 and 3 have imprint: London, Printed for Leigh & Sotheby. Some copies issued with coloured plates. 500 copies of vols. 1-3 and the first supplement printed; 250 copies of the second supplement printed, ref. his General history, vol. I, p. vi. \"A catalogue of the principal authors referred to in this work\": vol. 3, pt. 2 [pp.637-647]. Includes birds recorded on Cook's third voyage.\" -- Strathern, G. M., & Edwards, M. H. (1970). Navigations, traffiques & discoveries, 1774-1848: A guide to publications relating to the area now British Columbia. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, p. 166-7."@en . ""@en . "https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/bcbooks/items/1.0357398/source.json"@en . "ii, 366 pages : illustrations ; 25 cm"@en . "application/pdf"@en . " THE UNIVERSITY OF\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nWOODWARD HISTORICAL\nCOLLECTION -A fpf\nGeneral synobsts\nof\nBIRDS.\nVol.lIPart 1\n&\nL O ~N 13 OX:\nPrinted for Leigh & Sotieby,\nYork: Street,Covent Garden.\nmd c ci.x_ozni. PREFACE.\nT N the Preface to the Firft Volume, the plan of this Work has\n**\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 been mentioned, of which the prefent is a continuation, and\ncontains the whole of the Pafferine, Columbine, and Gallinaceous\nOrders. Thefe, as before, are difpofed, for the moft part, according to the Linnaan method of feparation into genera ;\nhaving a frequent eye to the judicious alterations of our friend'\nThomas Pennant, Efq; noticed in his Genera of Birds: however,\nfrom the great number of new fpecies which have come under\nour infpection in almoft every genus, new lights have been\nthrown on fome fubjecls, whereby we have been obliged, in\nfome few inftances, to deviate a trifle from the fentiments contained in the laft-named work; and for which fuch reafons are\ngiven, in their refpeclive places, as have feemed requifite. The.\nabove will alfo account for the introduction of a new Genus, not-\nhaving been able to arrange the fpecies which form it under any\nof the old ones: 'to this.is given the name of Tinamou * ; and>,\nas ufual, a plate is given of one of the fpecies,.in order to illuf-\ntrate the reft of the genus.\n*' This name has been given to them by the natives in the parts where they\nare found. PREFACE.\nIn the former parts of this Undertaking, a reference has beei>\nmade throughout to a work called American Zoology, which I beg-\nleave to advertife my readers is, in the prefent, changed to that of\nArtJic Zoology ; both of them meant to refer to a work by Mr.\nPennant, which originally^was defigned to have been confined to\nthe animals of North America : but he was induced to enlarge\nhis plan, by adding thofe of Kamtfchatka and Northern Afia, in\norder to comprehend the zoology of thofe countries, and make:\nthe volume fupplemental, in that part of Natural Hiftory, to the\nNorthern Voyage of the celebrated Captain Cook. The title of\nArtJic he feems therefore to think better adapted to the contents\nof the book *.\nIn refpecT: to ourfelves, we \"have nothing more here to add,\nexcept the repetition of our acknowledgments for the afliftance\nwhich our friends have afforded us in this Undertaking ; and to\nwife fincerely that it may, in any degree, afford amufement to\nthe reader, or add to his inftruction.\nJOHN LATHAM.\nThis work, in one volume _tto, will' appear about the time of the publication of the Voyage, and fome copies on the fame fized paper as tie Voyage;,\nthe reft fuitable to Mr. Pennant's other 4to works.\nBIRDS. BIRDS.\nOrder III. PASSERINE.\nGaus XXX* STARE.\nN* i. Common St.\nVar. A. White St.\nVar. B. Pied St.\nVar. C. Grey St.\na. Cape St.\nVar. A. Contra St.\n3. Louifiane St.\nVar. A. Crefcent St.\n4. Magellanic St.\nN\u00C2\u00B0 5. Collared St.\n6. Wattled St.\n7. CockfcombSt.\n8. Silk St.\n9. Green St.\n10. Brown St.\n11. Ceylonefe St.\n12. Brown-headed St.\n13. Mexican St.\nBILL ftrait, depreffed.\nNoftrils guarded above by a prominent rim.\nTongue hard and cloven.\nThe middle toe united to the outmoft as far as the firft joint.\nVol. II. N\u00C2\u00B0 iZg.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Kram.\nStumus vulgaris, Lin. Syfl. 1. p. 290. N\u00C2\u00BB x.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Scep. ann. 1. JN\u00C2\u00B0 I89.\u00E2\u0080\u0094*.ram.\nEl.^.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Brun. orn. p. 64. N\u00C2\u00B0 229.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Haffela. It. p. 287. N\u00C2\u00B0 47.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nMntt.-Zool. Dan. p. \u00E2\u0096\u00A0z'i.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Georgi. Reife. i. p. if_.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Frifch. pl. 217.\nL'Etourneau, Brif. orn. ii. p. 439. N\u00C2\u00B0 i.\u00E2\u0080\u0094B\u00C2\u00ABf. of. iii. p. 176. pl. 15.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nPI *,,/ -r.\n37.-_5r.\n*~p H E Starling is a bird fo well known that it needs only a\nihort defcription.\nThe weight of the male is three ounces j that of the female\nrather lefs: length eight inches three quarters. Bill brown or\nyellow: the whole plumage is black, gloffed with blue, purple,\nand copper; each feather marked at the end with a pale yellow\nfpot: the wing coverts are edged with yellow; the quills and tail\ndufky, the former edged with yellow, the laft with dirty white:\nthe legs of a reddifh brown.\nThis bird, appears to be a general inhabitant throughout the\nold continent, from Sweden * to the Cape of Good Hope. We may\nfuppofe that the general manners agree in all climates; in this\nit affects to build its neft in hollows of rocks, ruinous edifices,\npigeon-houfes, hollows of trees, but; feldom on the branches,\nexcept in fome cafes, when I have been, informed that it has\nmade ufe of an old neft of a Thrufh, or other bird, but moft often\nthat of theGreen Woodpecker; which in turn feizes that of a Starling, when placed in the hollow of a tree ; for as both thefe birds\nalfo met with in Den\nmiddle of Jpril, and depar\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0/?, Norway, ;\nad Iceland. Vifits Ruffla -i\n>.Ruff. vol. i. p. 102. STARE.\nreally make no neft, placing only a mere covering of leaves, and\nother dry materials, whereon to lay their eggs, very little ceremony, further than bare poffeffion, is requifite. The eggs are\ngreenifh afh-colour, five or fix in number: the young birds are\ndufky brown till the firft moult.\nThefe birds, in the winter feafon, are often feen in company\nwith Redwings and Fieldfares, and frequently in large flocks, con-\nfifting only of their own fpecies; when this is the cafe, they may\nbe known at a great diftance, from their tumultuous and diforderly\n' method of flight, different from that of any other bird.\nThe chief food of thefe are infects and worms ; Buffon afferts\ntheir fondnefs for the Rofe Beetle *: but befides thefe, they are\nfaid to eat many kinds of grain -\-, and m fome parts olives,\ngrapes, and cherries, giving the laft the preference ; they are alfo\naccufed of fucking the eggs of the Pigeons in Pigeon-houfes :\nhence a general feeder: however I am inclined to think that they\nwill give animal food the preference, only taking to vegetable\nnourifhment in cafes of neceflityj for when kept in cages, they\nare contented and pleafed with the fcraps of meat of every kind.\nWHITE STARE.\nL'Etourneau blanc, Brif. orn. ii. p. 444. A.\nSturnus albus, Aldrov. Av. ii. p. 636.\nWhite Starling, Will. orn. p. 196.\nLev. Muf.\n'TpHlS is wholly white: the bill reddifh: and the legs flefh- Description.\ncoloured. Two of thefe are in the Leverian Mufeum.\nj Scarabaus auratus.\nt Buf, of. iii. 184.\nB a STARE-\nSturnus Capenfis, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 290.\nL'Etourneau du Cap de Bonne Efpera\n41. f. 3\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 280.\nL'Etourneau-Pie, Buf. of. iii. p. 191.\n:e, Brif. orn. ii. p. 446. N\u00C2\u00B0 2. pl. CAPE STARE.\nCIZE of our Starling. Bill fixteen lines long, and yellowifh :\nthe plumage is only of two colours, black and white : the\nbead, neck, back, wings, and tail, are of the firft colour : on\neach fide of the head, beginning, at the bafe of the upper mandible, is a ftreak of white, which encompaffing the eye fwells\nout into a broad patch, fo as to make almoft the whole fide of\nthe head of that colour: at the hinder bafe of this it is a little\nprolonged downwards on cadi fide of the neck, in a narrow ftripe\nof black and white mixed : the feapulars, are tipped with white;\nand the edge of the wing, for three quarters of an inch, is white\nalfo: the breaft, belly,, vent, and rump, of the fame colour: the\nlegs yellow.\nInhabits the Cape of Good Hope.\nN\u00C2\u00B0 9.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Suppl. p. 94.\nVar. A.\nCONTRAv\nL'Etourneau Pie, Buf of iii.\nSTARE.\nSturnus contra, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 290. N\" 4.\nLe Troupiale de Bengale, Brif. orn. ii. p, 94.\nL'Etourneau du Cap de Bonne Efperance, ou\np. 191.\nContra from Bengal, Alb. iii. pl. 21.\nBlack.and white Indian Starling, Edw.,\_Y. 187.\n'THE head,, neck, back, rump, upper tail coverts, and fca- :\npulars, are black: from the bill fprings a ftripe of white,\npaffing through the eyes, and tending to the hind head: the\nupper part of the neck is alfo furrounded by a dirty white band :\nheneath each eye is a fpot of white: from the lower part of the neck to the vent is white: the upper wing coverts are black,\nvariegated with fix fpots of white : quills and tail black: legs\nyellow-brown.\nThefe are clearly varieties of each other. We are told that\nthis bird is called by the name of Contra, in the places where it\ninhabits.\nSturnus Ludovicianus, Lin, Syfl. i. p. 290. f. 3.\nL'Etourneau de la Louifiane, Brif. orn. ii, p. 449. N9 4. pl. 42. f. 1.\nu de la Louifiane ouLe.Stourne,_9/^*. of. iii. p. igz.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. z_6.\nCIZE of a Thrufh : length nine inches and a half. Bill whitifh,\n'i a brown tip : the upper parts of the plumage are brown\nand rufous grey mixed : on the head three ftripes of white; one\ndown the middle of the crown, and one over each eye: cheeks,\nthroat, fore part of the neck, breaft, and belly, fine yellow : on\nthe fore part of the neck is a large fpot of black feathers, each\nof which is tipped with grey : fides, thighs, and under tail\ncoverts, dirty white, marked with fome fpots of brown : beneath\nthe wings whitifh grey : edge of the wing yellow : quills rufous\ngrey, blended with brown on the outer webs: tail- the fame;\nbut the four outer feathers are white within : legs and claws\nSyfl. p. 289, N\u00C2\u00B0 11.\nAmerique, Brif orn. ii. 242. N\u00C2\u00BB 15.\na Collier d'Amerique, Buf. of. i\nAlauda mag\nLe Merle a Collie\nLe Fer-a-cheval,\nLarge Lark, Catejb. Car. i. pl.\nCrefcent Starling, Aril. Zool.\nBr. Muf. Lev, Muf.\nCIZE of a Blackbird: length eleven inches. Bill blackifh i\ntop of the head and neck brown j fides of them pale grey :\nfrom the bafe of the bill, and down the crown to the hind head, ST A R E.\nis a ftripe of pale grey : between the bill and eye a luteous fpot;\nand behind each eye a black ftripe of an inch in length : the\nupper parts of the body, wings, and tail, are brown, mixed with\nrufous and blackifh, not unlike a Partridge : all the under parts\nare yellow : on the breaft is a black crefcent, not unlike a horfe-\nihoe in fhape: thighs and under tail coverts grey : greater\nquills brown; the leffer the fame, fpotted with rufous: tail\nbrown, marked on the outer edge with rufous : legs and claws\nbrown.\nThe young birds have fcarce any trace of the black crefcent.\nThis fpecies is frequent in North America, artd is migratory :\nit comes to New York early, and is feen in great flocks together\nin the fait meadows, which it chiefly frequents, and is fcarce\nelfewhere. Like the Lark, it is feldom feen except on \"the ground.\nIt is known in America by the name of Meadow Lark.\nSturnus militaris, Lin.Mant. 1771. p. 527.\nL'Etourneau des terres Magellaniques, ou\np. ig6.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl.enl. 113.\nLev. Muf.\nBuf. ofi\nMAGELLANIC\nSTARE.\n*~]pHlS meafures about eight inches and a half in length, and 1\nis about the fize of a Starling. The bill is an inch and a\nquarter long, and in fhape not unlike that bird : the upper parts\nof the plumage are brown; each feather margined with paler\nbrown: from the bill to the eye a crimfon line: at the bafe of\nthe under mandible a white fpot: behind- the eye a ftreak of\nwhite : on each fide the neck a bed of black, dividing the brown\non the hind part from the fore part of the neck; which, with the ;\nchin, breaft, and upper part of the belly, is of a fine deep\ncrimfon : the fhoulder of the wing is of the fame colour, as is a\nlittle STARE.\nlittle of the outer edge of it: the fides, under the wings, and\nthighs, are black, edged with afh-colour: the vent, under tail\ncoverts, and the whole of the tail, black; the laft a trifle forked:\nthe legs are brown.\nIn fome birds the white fpot at the bafe of the under mandible\nis wanting j and in fuch, the white line begins at the noftrils,\nand paffes over the eye a good way behind-,\nThis is an inhabitant of Falkland Iflands, where it is fuppofed\nfor the moft part to frequent the ground, rather than to perch on\ntrees; for one of them being kept in a cage, was never known\nto fit upon the perch, always keeping at the bottom. It feemed\nfond of all kinds of infects \u00E2\u0080\u00A2, whence it was fuppofed that thefe\nwere its natural food.\nCOLLARED\nSTARE.\nis collaris, Scop. ann. i. p. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nLev. Muf.\nCIZE of the red-backed Shrike; length fix inches and a half.\nBill brown-; towards the bafe pale yellow: the upper part of\nthe body dufky, with largifh fpots on the back: rump brown\nand white mixed: breaft cinereous brown : belly brown, efpecially the fides : throat white, fpotted with brown : quills\nblackifh; the margins of the tips and inner webs are rufous:\ntail brown, with pale rufous tips; legs horn-colour.\nThis inhabits Carniola and Carinthia, where it is a folitary\nbird, and not very common. It feeds oh infeclrs and grain; is\naccuftomed to wag the tail often : has a weak flender note; and\naffedls covered places, where it may enjoy retirement undif-\n\u00C2\u00ABovered.\nThat S T A R \u00C2\u00A3\nThat in the Mufeum of Sir A. Lever, had each of the wing coverts terminated by a white fpot: the margin of the wings, and\ntips of the quills and tail, grey. This fpecimen came from\nGibraltar.\nLev. Muf.\nCIZE of our Starling: length nearly ten inches. The bill\nrather long, and fomewhat bent; it is fharp at the tip, but _\na trifle flatted; the colour is black, tinged with blue towards the\nbafe: irides dull hazel: from the angle of the lower mandible\nfprings a carunculated orange-coloured membrane, tending downwards like the wattle of a,Cock ; this is about a quarter of an\ninch in fize : the general colour of the plumage is dull black ;\nbut the back and wing coverts are ferruginous: the legs are\nblack.\nThe female is wholly of a dull ferruginous brown : the bill and\nlegs are the fame as in the male; but the wattle is not fo large,\nnor is it very confpicuous, except in old birds.\nThis fpecies is found in New Zealand, particularly in the\nfouthern ifland, where it is pretty common, as Dr. Forfter informs me; and that it has a weak piping voice, not worthy of\nbeing called a fens;.\n- WATTLED\nSTARE.\nPl. XXXVI.\nTringa * carunculata, capenfis, Naturf. vol. xi. p. q. tab. z. 7.\nCOCKSCOMB\nT ENGTH fix inches and a half. Bill brown, and made not STARE.\nunlike that of a Starling: from the bafe of the under man- Inscription.\ndible hangs a double wattle, like that of a Cock, half an inch or\nVol. II.\njt in the leaft bare above the knee.\nC more STARE.\nmore in length, of a red or deep orange colour: on the crown\nare two pointed combs; the one behind the other, ftanding upright : the eyes are furrounded by a broad bare yellow fpace :\nthe plumage in general of a dirty afh-colour, the under parts\npaleft: the quills and tail black; the laft even at the end, or at\nleaft but very little rounded: the legs are long, and of a pale\nyellow-brown colour.\nThree of thefe birds were fent into Holland from the Cape of\nGood Hope in fpirits: one of them wanted the pointed combs on\nthe crown; the other had only a rudiment, and the wattle like-\nwife was fmaller : it was fuppofed that the wattles were originally\nred, but the fpirits had taken out much of their colour.\nSILK STARE.\nSilk Starling, Bro\n. III. pl. ,\nCIZE of a Starling. The bill of a deep orange: the whole\nhead yellowifh white: body entirely of a pale grey : the\nplumage in general gloffy and filky : wings black, croffed with a\n, bar of white : the tail black: legs reddifh yellow.\nInhabits China.\nI obferved one of thefe among fome Chinefe paintings. The\nbill was red: the head'white: upper parts of the body black;\nthe under dufky: legs red. This was perhaps the oppofite fex.\nGREEN STARE. Grcen sWre, Ofb. Voy. ii. p. 327.\nDescription. O^ ^ ^ore^ea^ an^ cn^n *s a tu^ \u00C2\u00B0f black and white feathers |\nabove the firft is a fpot of white: beyond the eye another :\nthe whole upper part of the body green: on the feapulars are\ntwo white fpots: wings and tail green; the outer webs of the\n5 firft STARE.\nfirft white : the fhafts of the wings and tail white: the under fide\nof the neck, breaft, and belly, pale blue: legs cinereous\nblue.\nInhabits China.\nBrown Stare, Ofb. Voy. ii. p. 328.\nBROWN\nSTARE.\n\" 'THHE bill is whitifh red : the eye lodged in a long ftripe Description.\n\" of a pale cerulean : the whole body, wings, and tail,\n\" light olive-brown; on the belly faint, and tinged with yellow :\n\" the legs are pale red : the tail is long.\"\nInhabits China. Place.\nii.\nCEYLONESE\nSTARE.\n\"DILL black: head pale yellow: through the eye a line of Description.\nblack, beginning at the bafe of the bill; and a fecond beneath the cheeks : breaft light grey, marked with oblong yellowifh white fpots: back and belly grey, marked with white\nand dufky femicircular lines: vent plain grey: quill feathers\ndull green: tail barred with pea-green and black : legs blueifh\ngrey.\nInhabits Ceylon. It is faid to whiftle all forts of fongs in a Place.\nmocking way. The Javans call it Tjutjecrawany *.\nL'Etourneau de la Nouvelle Elpagne, Brif. orn. ii. p. 448. N\u00C2\u00B0 3.\nLe Tolcana, Buf. oif. iii. p. 193.\nTolocatzanatl, Rail Syn. p. 168. N\u00C2\u00B0 3.\nBROWN-\nHEADED\nSTARE.\nJJE S S than a Starling, but like it in fhape. The head is Description.\nbrown : the reft of the body, wings, and tail, black.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Mr. Pennant.\nC 2 Inhabits STARE.\nInhabits New Spain, where it is called Tolocatzanatl, or Rufih\nStarling. As this is not a well-defined fpecies, it may perhaps\nprove the brown-headed Oriole of our firft volume *.\nMEXICAN\nSTARE.\nLe Cotinga du Mexique, Brif. em. i\nLe Cacaftotl, Buf. oif. iii. p. 195.\nCaxcaxtototI, Rati Syn. p. 167. N\u00C2\u00B0\np. 347. N\u00C2\u00BB 4.\nCIZE of a Starling. Bill black: general colour blue, varied\nwith black : the head is fmall: the eyes are black : and the\nirides luteous.\nThis inhabits the more temperate parts of South America, fuch\nas Mexico, and its neighbourhood. It, has little or no fong. Like\nthe laft, it is a very doubtful fpecies.\n* P. 446. N\u00C2\u00B0 38.\nGenus C *J ]\nG?os XXXI. THRUSH,\nf\u00C2\u00B0 I.\nMiffel Thr.\nN\u00C2\u00B0 26.\nWhite-browed Thr.\n1.\nThroftle.\n27.\nPale Thr.\nVvjj;\nGuiana Thr.\n28.\nReed Thr.\n4-\nJamaica Thr.\nVar. A.\n5-\nLittle Thr.\n29.\nRed-legged Thr.\n6.\nGolden-crowned Thr.\n3\u00C2\u00B0-\nThick-billed Thr.\nI^S\nRed-wing ^ hr.\nP\nBay Thr.\n8.\nAoonalafhka Thr.\n32.\nCrying Thr.\n9-\nBarbary Thr.\n33-\nChinefe Thr.\nIO.\nTripoli Thr.\n34-\nCrefcent Thr.\nii.\nFieldfare.\n3S-\nNew Holland Thr.\nVar. A. B. C.\n36.\nBlack-faced Thr.\n12.\nRed-breafted Thr.\n37-\nPhilippine Thr.\n*3-\nSpotted Thr.\n38.\nSurat Thr.\n14.\nKamtfchatka Thr.\n39-\nPacific Thr.\nIS-\nTawny Thr.\n40.\nSandwich Thr.\n16.\nBrown Thr.\n41.\nFerruginousThr.\n*7-\nYellow-backed Thr.\n42.\nMimic Thr.\n18.\nVariegated Thr.\n43-\nMocking Thr.\n19.\nCayenne Thr.\nVar. A.\n20.\nPagoda Thr.\n44\nSt. Domingo Thr.\n21.\nMalabar Thr.\n45\nYellow-bellied Thr.\n22\nRufous-tailed Thr.\n46\nBlackbird.\n23\nRed-tailed Thr.\nVar. A. White-headed Bl\n24\nDark Thr.\n B. Pied Bl.\n25\nRed-necked Thr.\n C. White Bl.\nN\u00C2\u00B047. THRUSH.\n47\nWhite-chinned Thr.\nN\u00C2\u00B074-\nYellow Thr.\nVar. A. B. C\n75-\nWhite-rumped Thr.\n48.\nLabrador Thr.\n76.\nCinereous Thr.\n49.\nRing Ouzel.\n77-\nPigeon Thi*.\n5\u00C2\u00B0\nWater Ouzel.\n78.\nBlack-throated Thr.'\n$'\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nWhite-tailed Thr.\n79-\nGreen Thr.\n52.\nRofe-coloured Thr.\n80.\nOlive Thr.\nS3-\nBlue Thr.\n81.\nIndian Thr.\n54\nSolitary Thr.\n82.\nAfh-coloured Thr.\n55-\nPenfive Thr.\n83-\nGrey Thr.\n56.\nHermit Thr.\n84.\nLong-billed Thr.\n57-\nRock Thr.\nii\nSenegal Thr.\n58.\nAfrican Thr.\n' 86.\nMadagafcar Thr.\n59-\nRufous-winged Thr.\n87.\nMindanao Thr.\n60.\nShining Thr.\n88.\nMauritius Thr.\nVar. A.\n89.\nBlack-headed Thr.\n61.\nGloffy Thr.\n90.\nBrunet Thr.\n62.\nGilded Thr.\nVar. A.\n63-\nViolet Thr.\n91.\nWhite-fronted Thr.\n64.\nWhidah Thr.\nVar. A.\n6S.\nDominican Thr.\n92.\nCape Thr.\n66.\nWhite-headed Thr.\nVar. A.\n67.\nSongfter Thr.\n93-\nLong-tailed Thr.\n68.\nBlack-necked Thr.\n94-\nAmboina Thr.\n69.\nYellow^fronted Thr.\n95-\nBourbon Thr.\n70.\nChanting Thr.\n96.\nYellow-crowned Thr.\n71-\nSpectacle Thr.\n97-\nAfh-rumped Thr.\n72.\nCeylon Thr.\n98.\nBlack-cheeked Thr.\n73-\nOrange-bellied Thr.\n99-\nHifpaniola Thr.\nVar. A.\nIOC\n. Surinam Thr.\nN\u00C2\u00B0 101 THRUSH.\nN\u00C2\u00B0\nIOI.\nPalm Thr.\nN\u00C2\u00B0 IJ2.\nWhite-backed Thr.\nVar. A.\n\"3-\nBlack-crefted Thr.\nI02.\nNun Thr.\n114.\nChiming Thr.\n103.\nEthiopian Thr.\n115.\nBlack-winged Thr.\nIO4.\nAbyflinian Thr.\n116.\nWhite-eared Thr.\nIO5.\nYellow-breafted Thr.\n117.\nRufous-naped Thr.\n106.\nBlack-chinned Thr.\nVar. A.\n107.\nBlack-breafted Thr.\n118.\nAlarum Thr.\n108.\nRufous Thr.\n119.\nSpeckled Thr.\nIO9.\nMufician Thr.\n120.\nAnt Thr.\nno.\nBarred-tail Thr.\n121.\nBlue-tailed Thr.\nIII.\nBuff-winged Thr.\n122.\nKing Thr.\nTHE general characters of the Thrufh genus are the following :\nBill ftraitifh, bending towards the point, and flightly notched\nnear the end of the upper mandible.\nNoftrils oval, and for the moft part naked *.\nTongue flightly jagged at the end. l!lMI?'\nThe corners of the mouth furnifhed with a few flender hairs.\nThe middle toe connected to the outer as far as the firft\njoint.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 In feveral from the South Seas the noftrils are in part covered with a membranous flap.\nM THRUSH.\nTardus vifcivorus, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 291. N\u00C2\u00B0 I.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Seep. ann. i.p. 132. N\" 193.\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094Brun. 6_. N\u00C2\u00B0 231.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Kramer, p. 361. 6.\u00E2\u0080\u0094/V\u00C2\u00BByr~. pi. 25.\nLa Grofle Grive, Brif. em. ii. p. 200. N\u00C2\u00B0 1.\nLa Draine, Buf. of. iii. p. 295. pl. 19, f. 1 \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Pl. enl. 489.\nTurdus vifcivorus major, Rail Syn. p. 64. A. 1.\nTordo, Olin. uccel. pl. in p. 25.\nMiflelBird, or Shrite, Will. orn. p. 187\u00E2\u0080\u0094J?r. Zw/. i. N\u00C2\u00AB IOC\u00E2\u0080\u0094dlbin.i.\npl. 33~-Ar8. Zool.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf\neld\ninches\n'\"THIS, the largeft of the Thrufh kind,\nlength, and weighs near five ounces. The bill is above an\ninch long; the colour dufky brown, with the bafe of the lower\nmandible and the gape yellow : irides hazel: the upper parts\nof the head, neck, and body, are of a greyifh brown, with a.\ntinge of rufous on the lower part of the back and rump : the fides\nof the head and throat are yellowifh white, fpotted with brown -,\nfrom thence to the vent the fame, but marked with larger\nroundifh fpots of dufky black: the lower of the wing coverts\ntipped with white; the reft brown only: quills grey brown with\npale edges : tail the fame; the three outer feathers tipped with\nwhite : the legs are yellow: claws black.\nThe female differs merely in not being of fo bright a colour\nas the male.\nThis is a well-known bird, and inhabits England the whole\nyear, though in fome other parts of Europe is obferved to be\nmigratory *, and perhaps confined to Europe alone : on the one\nhand, we hear of it in Sweden, Denmark, and the weftern parts of\n* About Carlifle in Cumberland it is m\nand it is not quite clear that it remain\nHeyfham.\nthe Throfll:;\nRujfia; T H R U S H,\nRujfiai on the other, Italy. Comes into Burgundy in October and\nNovember, from the mountains of Lorraine \ returning to them, \\nin order to breed, in March and April.\nIt builds the neft*, with us, in bufhes, or low trees j making it\nof mofs, lichen, leaves, &c. lined with fine withered grafs within j\nftrengthening it on the outfide with twigs. The eggs are four or\nfive in number, of a dirty fiefh-coloUr, marked with bloody-\ncoloured fpots.\nThis bird has a very agreeable fong j which it frequently be*'\ngins with the entrance of the new year, fitting on the top of a tree,\n_ from whence it may be heard a great way off, varying its note\nwithout end; but in melody is much inferior to the Throflle.\nIt has been a vulgar notion, that the Mtffeltoe could not be\npropagated, unlefs the feed had palled the digeftive organs of this\nbird. It is indeed a common method that nature takes to propagate this plant, which the fuperftition of ancient times has held\nfo facred; but by no means a neceffary one, as experience proves\nit will equally fucceed without -f.\nIt alfo feeds on other berries, fuch as holly, ivy, hawthorn; as\nwell as caterpillars and other infects j with which laft it feeds its\nyoung. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 It is pretty good eating, though not fo much efteemed\nas the lefTer fpecies.\nIn the LeverianMufeum are two varieties: one of a reddifh Varieti\u00C2\u00AB\u00C2\u00BB.\ncream-colour, paleft beneath, and the belly white, fpotted with\ncream-colour j the other white, fpotted with brown on the under parts.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Twice in a year. Albin.\nt See a paper on the propagation of the Miffeltot, by the Reverend B, Btiml,\nPhil, Tranf. vol. xxxiv. p. 215.\nVol. II. D Turdui THRUSH.\n2. Turdus muficus, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 292. N\u00C2\u00B04.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Scop. ann. i. N\u00C2\u00B0 196.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Muller*.\n4- THROSTLE. N. HO__Bru\u00E2\u0080\u009E, z^.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Kramer, p. 361. 8.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Frifch. pl. z7.\u00E2\u0080\u009401in. pl.\nin p. 25.\nLa petite Grive, Brif. orn. ii. p. 205- N\u00C2\u00B0 2.\nLa Grive, Buf. oif. iii. p. 280.\u00E2\u0080\u0094iV. *\u00C2\u00BB/. 406 *.\nMavis, Throftle, or Song Thrulh, Rail Syn. p. 64. A, 2.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will, orn. p. 188..\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094Br. Zool. Ntf 107.\u00E2\u0080\u0094ArS. Zool.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf\nDescription. 'T'HIS is nine inches in length, thirteen and a half in breadth^,\nand weighs three ounces. It is much lefs in fize than the\nMififelThrufh, but correfponds much with it in colour: it differs,\nhowever, in the fhape of the fpots in the under parts of the body;\nfor, as in the Miffel Thrufh, they are of an irregular fhape, in\nthis bird they are formed fomewhat like the heads of arrows, with\nthe points upwards..\nPlace and This is a well-known and much-efteemed bird in England, on\naccount of its fweet fong, confifting of a great variety of notes,\nwhich it begins early in the fpring, and continues near nine\nmonths.\u00E2\u0080\u0094We often fee this pleafing fongfter perched on fome\ntall tree, fweetly beguiling the footfteps of the liftening traveller.\nIt begins to breed very early in fpring, hatching the firft\nbrood, for the moft part, the beginning of April, and not unfre-\nquently bringing two others in May and June. The neft is\nplaced in fome low bufh, and is compofed of earth, mofs, and\nftraw intermixed,, lining it within with clay; on which it lays\nfive or fix eggs, of a blueifh green, marked with a few fpots of\nblack.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Called by miftake Litome.\nThis\nMan THRUSH.\nThis is a folitary fpecies, never uniting, with us, into flocks*\nlike the Fieldfare and Redwing; yet in France is faid to be migratory *, coming into the province of Burgundy twice in a year;\nthe firft time, when the grapes are ripe, and doing great damage\nto the vineyards f, and difappearing with the firft frofts : they\nappear again in April, and moft of them depart in May, leaving\na very few behind, which are obferved to breed \u00C2\u00A3. In Sweden \\\nonly feen in fummer.\nIt is met with in many parts of Ruffia, efpecially where junipers grow ; moft frequent about the river Kama: but not in\nSibiria_.\nA bird of this kind is mentioned by Aldrovand**, which differed\nonly in having the top of the head white; and another by\nSwenckfield -f-f-, with a whitifh creft, and the neck encompaflfed\nwith a ring of the fame colour.\nBirds of this kind are fometimes feen wholly of a white,\nthough for the moft part that white has more or lefs of a mixture of brown $_; which is the cafe with one now in the\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 It probably fliifts its quarters in winter, in the north of England and Scotland,\nas Dr. Htyfham of Carlifle (to whom we owe many obfervations on the birds\nwhich are in thofe parts) has never been able to meet with one during the winter feafon ; and feems inclined to think, that it either leaves that country in\nwinter, or retires to the moft thick and folitary woods. At the latter end of February it is found there plentiful. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Mr. Ekmarck obferves, that incredible\nquantities of the Song and Mijel Thrujhes, and Fieldfares, are obferved to pafs\nthrough Livonia, Courland, and Pruffia, for a fortnight after Michaelmas, making\ntheir way as far as the Alps, Amain Acad. vol. iv. p. 578.\n4 Hence called Grive de Vigne. Hifl. des oif.\nX It is met with at Aleppo. Rujell.\nI Amcen. Acad. :\n1. p. 45.\ntt Av. Silef. p. 362.\n\u00C2\u00A7 Mr. Pennant, ** Av. ii. p. 6or.\nXX Hifl. des \u00C2\u00ABy.--See Frifch, pl, 33.\nD 2 Leverian THRUSH.\nLeverian Mufeum: but I likewife obferve one there which is of a\npure white.\nGUIANA THR ^a ^\"vc <*e *a G-iane> \u00E2\u0096\u00A0&_/\u00C2\u00AB \u00C2\u00B0'fi *\"\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 p\u00C2\u00AB 289.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl, 398. f. 1.\nDescription. T ENGTH feven inches. Bill reddifh: upper parts of the\nbody greenifh brown: edges of the coverts and quills paler :\nbeneath dufky yellowifh white, longitudinally ftreaked with\ndufky : legs reddifh brown : under part of the tail white.\nPiace. Inhabits Guiana.\nJAMAICA\nTHR.\nDescription.\nrlZE of our Black-bird. Bill flout* brown: head brown:\nchin and fore part of the neck white, dafhed with ftreaks of\nbrown; the lower part of the neck plain white: breaft cinereous ; from thence to the vent white ^ upper parts of the body\ndark afh-colour : quills and tail dufky : legs brown.\nIn the Britifh Mufeum,- where it is called the JamtotcA Thrufa?\nbears much affinity, to the laft.\n4- LITTLE\nTHR.\nLe-Kfeuvis de le G_rtilin_y Bkff'.orh. ii. p. :\nLe Grivette d'Ametftfiie, Buf. oif. iii. p. 2\nLittle Thru*';. Catefb. Car. pl. 31.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Edw. 2\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nr_. No 4.\nT ENGTH near feven- inches. Bill pale brown, briftly at the\nbafe: round the eye a lightifh- ring: head, and all the upper\nfurface of the body, reddifh brown, or clay-colour : breaft yellowifh., THRUSH*\n' lowilh, marked with dufky fpots: chin, belly, thighs, and under\ntail-covert, white : legs cinereous.\nThis fpecies is common in Philadelphia throughout the fum-\nmer. They build their nefts in the fwamps and thick woods.\nThey come in April, atid retire into Carolina in Autumn, where\nthey winter.\nMotacilla aurocapilla, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 334. N\u00C2\u00B0 29.\nLe Figuier a tete d'or de Penfilvanie, Brif. orn. iii. p. 504. N\u00C2\u00B0 57.\nLa Grivelette de St. Domingue, Buf. oif. v. p. 317.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 398. f. z.\nGolden-crowned Thrufh, Edw. pl. 252.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Aril. Zool.\nBr. Muf.\n(JIZE of a Hedge Sparrow: length five inches and three\nquarters. Bill brown, with a few weak hairsW the bale, which\nis flefh-colour : the crown of the head is golden yellow : over\nthe eyes a black ftreak, tending to the hind-head : the upper\nparts of the plumage brownifh green: fides of the head, and\nunder parts, white, fpotted as far as the belly with black, the\nreft plain: quills and tail deep olive : legs yellowifh brown..\nOne of thefe, in the poffeffion of Major Davies, has the top of\nthe head buff-yellow : the forehead black, divaricating into two\nftreaks on each fide of the crown: fides of the head pale, fpotted\non each fide of the chin in the fhape of whifkers: the under parts-\nmarked with triangular fpots, except the middle of the belly.\nThis fpecimen is fix inches in length, and feems a trifling\nvariety.\nIt inhabits Penfylvaniai and New Tork in fummer ; builds\non the ground; lays five white eggs, fpotted with brown, chiefly\neoi the fauth fide of a hill.\nDescription,. THRUSH.\n4- REDWING.\nTurdus iliacus, Lin\nSyfl. i. p. 292\nN\u00C2\u00B03\n. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Scop\n. N\u00C2\u00AB 19\n6,\u00E2\u0080\u0094Mu!ler,p.\n239. y__ Georg\nReife, p. 174.\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094Kra\nmer, p.\n361.9,\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Frifch\npl. 28\nOlina, pl. in\np. 25.\nLe Mauvis, Brif. orn\nii. p. 208. Nc\n3-pl-\n20. f.\n.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Hifl\ndes of. i\nii. p. 3c\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl._i.\nRedwing, Swinepipe\nor Wind Thrufli, R\naii Syn.\np. 64.\nA. 4.-\nWill. 0.\np. lSg.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Albii\n. pl. 35\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Br.\nZool.\nN\u00C2\u00B0 108\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094Arclic Zool.\nBr. Muf.\nLev\nMtf.\n'\"PHIS is lefs than the Fieldfare: is in length near eight inches,\nand weighs two ounces and a quarter. The bill is blackifh,\nbut the under mandible whitifh at the bafe : irides deep hazle :\nthe colour of the plumage is not very unlike that of the Throflle -,\nbut differs in having a white ftreak over the eye, almoft to the\nhind-head ; and the fides of the body and under the wings reddifh\n- orange: the legs are pale grey : the claws brown.\nThefe birds appear in this kingdom along with the Fieldfare,\nin vaft flocks; and are faid to precede that bird a few days in its\narrival. W^a ;-\nIn general manners it likewife coincides with the Fieldfare.\nThis fpecies is faid to perch on high trees in the Maple forefts\nin Sweden, and to have a fine note in fpring. The neft is placed\nin fome low fhrub or hedge; and the female lays fix blue-green\neggs, fpotted with black *. It pretty generally accompanies the\nFieldfare in all its migrations, and is found with it in breeding-\ntime, in the moft northern parts of the continent. THRUSH.\n23\nAoonalaftika Thrufh, Aid. Zool. 8.\nAOONALASH-\nKA THR.\nCIZE of a Lark. Crown and back brown, marked with ob- Description-.\n,- fcure dufky fpots : breaft yellow, fpotted with black : wing\ncoverts, prime quills, and tail, dufky, edged with teftaceous.\nInhabits Aoonalafhka.. In Sir Jof. Banks's collection..\nLa Grive Baffeterre de Barbarie, Buff. oif. iii. p. 313,\nGreen Thrufh, Shaw's Trav. p. 253.\nBARBARYTHR.\nC I ZE of the MiffelThrufh. Head, neck, and back,.fine light D,\ngreen : wings like thofe of a Lark: breaft white, and fpotted\nKke that of a Thrufh : rump of an elegant yellow : tail tipped\nwith the fame. The legs, are ftronger and fhorter than thofe of a\nThrufh.\nShaw fays, that he met with this bird in Barbary-, but it is not\ncommon. The only time that it is feen is. about the time of figs,\nIn the fummer months.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0ESCRIPTION,\nLe Merle olivatre de Barbarie; Buf. oif. iir. p. 404*.\nCIZE of the laft. The bill reddifh brown: the upper past\nof the body olive yellow: leffer wing coverts the fame, tinged\nwith brown; the greater, and quills, black : the under parts of\nthe body dirty white : the wings reach to the middle of the tail,\nwhich is even at the end ; the feathers blackifh, with yellow tips:\nthe legs are fhort and lead-coloured.\nTRIPOLI\nTHR. H R U\nH.\nTardus pilaris, Lin. Syfl, i. p. 291, N\u00C2\u00B0 2. ~- Faun. Suec. 215. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 $c\u00C2\u00BBp. \u00C2\u00ABn. U\np. 133. N\u00C2\u00B0 194 Brun. 65, 232. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Muller, p. 29. N\u00C2\u00B0 238. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Georgi\nReife, p. 173.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Frifch. t. z6.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Kram.el. p. 361. N\u00C2\u00B07.\nLa Litorne, ou Tourdelle, Brif. orn. ii. p. 214. N\u00C2\u00B0 $.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif. iii. p. 301.\npl. 19. f. 2.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL en. 490 \u00C2\u00AB.\nFieldfare, or Feldefare, \u00C2\u00A3\u00E2\u0080\u009E\u00C2\u00AB' Syn. p. 64. A, $.\u00E2\u0080\u0094WilI. orn. p. 188. pl. 37.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nBr. Zool. N\u00C2\u00B0 106.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Albin. i. pl. 36\u00E2\u0080\u0094_frA Zool.\nLev. Muf.\nT ENGTH ten inches: breadth feventeen: weight four\nounces. The bill is yellowifh, with a black tip; at the\ngape of the mouth a few black briftles: the crown of the head,\nand hind part of the neck, are cinereous olive ; the firft fpotted\nwith black: the upper furface of the body, and wings, chefnut\nbrown: rump afh-colour: quills cinereous, with pale edges: the\nfore part of the neck and breaft yellowifh, inclined to rufous, each\nfeather being more or lefs brown in the middle : the belly,\nihighSj and vent, dufky white : tail black-brown : legs blackifh.\nThe male and female much alike.\nThis bird is migratory, paffing the winter in England, to\nwhich it comes at the beginning of October; fooner'or later, according to the approaching rigour of the feafon in the place of\nits fummer retreat, which is the more northern parts, viz. Ruffia,\nSibiria, Kamtfchatka, Sweden, and Norway: fometimes come into\nEngland in prodigious flocks, but in mikl'Wdnteis'few or none are\nfeen. They migrate into France and Italy likewife, but do not\narrive at the firft till the beginning ^Decimber f. This and\ntake. t Hifl. des oif,\n9 the THRUSH.\nthe Redwing fuppofed to be the Turdi * of the Roman hiftorians,\nwhich are faid to have been kept in fattening aviaries by thou-\nfands together, and efteemed a dainty.\nLinnaus tells us, that it builds in high trees in Sweden -j-, and\nfrequents the places where junipers grow. During its ftay with us,\nit eats hawthorn, holly, and other berries. The flefh is tolerably\ngood, though apt to be bitter. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 This bird is by fome called the\nPigeon Fieldfare. I know only of three varieties.\nLa Litorne tachetee, Brif. orn. ii. p. 218. B.\nPied Fieldfare, Albin. ii. pl. 36.\nHP HIS has a white head and neck; the firft fpotted with\nblack, the laft with lead-colour. Throat and breaft rufous,\nfpotted with black : back brown : rump cinereous: the under\nparts white, fpotted with black.\nLa Litorne a tete blaache, Brif.om.ii. p. 217. A. Var. 1\nTHHIS has the head and upper part of the neck white : the reft\nas in common.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Br. Zool.\u00E2\u0080\u0094The poets mention them in many places, viz. Hor. Ep. xv. 1. 41.\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094Perf. Sat. vi. 1. 24.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Mart. Ep. 1. xiii. ep. 92.\nt Faun. Suec. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 A neft has been found at Paddington, near London, \u00E2\u0080\u0094 See\nHarl. Mfcel. ii. 561.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Barring. Mifc. p. 221.\nVol. II. a-\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0THRUSH.\nLev. Muf.\nrP H E third variety has the head and neck white: the reft of\nthe body white, mixed with brown in patches.\nThis was fhot in Derbyfhire, and is in the Leverian Mufeum.\n-f-RED-\nBREASTED\ntM.\nTardus migratorius, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 292. N\u00C2\u00B0 6.\nLa Grive de Canada, Brif. orn, ii. p. 225. N\u00C2\u00B0 g.^Pl. enl. 556. lr\nLa Litorne de Canada, Buf. oif. iii. p. 307.\nFieldfare of Carolina, Catefb. Car. i. pl. 29.\nRobin Redbreaft, Kalm. Trav. ii. p. .90.\nAmeriean Fieldfare, Phil. Tranf. Ixii. p. _gg.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ara. Zool.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nCIZE of the Miffel Thrufh: length nine inches: breadth\ntwelve. Bill brown, with the bafe yellow : eye-lids white : the\nupper parts of the body olive-brown; the under rufous : the tips\nof many of the feathers of the breaft and belly very pale, or\nwhitifh : the throat whin?, marked with narrow dafhes of black:\ntail black, edged with olive brown : legs brown. Male and/r-\nmale much alike.\nThis is a native of America. It is found in New York, Virginia, and Carolina the whole year; migrates in the more northern parts in fpring, in May; returning fouthward on the firft approach of fro ft. Found as far as Hudfon's Bay *. Thefe build in\ntrees, and Jay'fOur beautiful light-blue eggs. When at large, are\nfaid to fingfinely; but do not bear confinement in a cage. Their\n* One of thefe was lately brought from Noetka Sound,\nfood\n\memmm THRUSH.\nfood chiefly worms and infects. Are alfo very fond of the feeds\nof Sajfafras; as well as Tupelo and Poke berries *.\nThis is not a fhy bird, as it is feen frequently hopping on the\nground, quite clofe to the houfes.\nAt Hudfon's Bay it is known by the name of Reibird: the\nIndian name is Pee-pee-chue.\n-7\nSPOTTED THR.\nI\" ENGTH ten inches. Bill black; bafe of the under mandible yellowifh, and befet with a few briftles : head almoft\nblack: from the back part of the eye to the h.ind-head a ferruginous ftreak : the upper parts of the body dufky afh-colour:\nthe wing coverts afh-colour; the leiTer ones plain ; all the others\nmarked with a ferruginous triangular fpot at the tip : the prime\nquills dufky; each feather marked with two ferruginous fpots on\nthe outer web, one near the bafe, the other about the middle j\nthe fecond quills have one of thefe marks near the end, but\npaler: the tail is dufky afh-colour: the under parts of the body\nrufty orange, palelt near the vent: acrofs the breaft a band of\nblack: legs yellow.\nThe female is of a dufky afh-colour above: throat and chin\nthe fame, but paler, a little mixed with white : breaft of a dull\nred, growing nearly white toward* the vent, and not croffed with\na band of black, as in the male.\nThis fpecies was found by our late voyagers at George's Sound,\nand is in the pofleffion of Sir Jfif. Banks.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Phytolacca decandra, Lin. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 It is did frequently to eat fo many of thefe, \u00C2\u00ABt\nthe end of the. year, that the flefh itfelf appears of a purplifh colour. THRUSH.\nLev. Muf.\nT ENGTH fix inches. Bill dufky; tip black: the upper\nparts of the plumage are pale brown : between the bill and\neye black, which is continued in a ftreak a little way under the\neye; over the eye a pale ftreak : the chin and throat of a beautiful pink-colour; the reft of the under parts of a brownifh\nwhite: tail the colour of the back, and a little cuneiform in\nfhape : legs dufky : claws black.\nInhabits Kamtfchatka.\nTawny Thrufh, Aril. Zool.\nC IZ E of the Redwing. Head, back, and wing coverts, tawny,\nbrighteft on the head: cheeks brown, fpotted with white:\nthroat, breaft, and belly, white, marked with large black fpots.:\nrump, primaries, and tail, plain brown: ends of the tail feathers-\nfharp-pointed : legs pale brown.\nBrown Thrufh, ArS. ZooL\nSIZE of the Redwing. Head, neck, back, cheeks, wins;\ncoverts, and tail, olive brown; primaries dufky: breaft and\nbelly dirty white, marked with great brown fpots: legs dufky.\nThe two laft inhabit New York *'. THRUSH.\nGrive ire, Fern, Surin. if. p. 187-.\nCIZE of a Lark. Plumage mixed, yellow and grey, except\ndown the ridge of the back, which has a yellowifh ftripe.\nYELLOW-\nBACKED THR.\nGrive 2de, Perm, Surin, ii. p. 187.\nrj I Z E of the laft. The upper parts of the plumage brown,\nthe under whitifh; all intermixed with whitifh and black\nfeathers, chiefly towards the head and tail1.\nBoth the above are found at Surinam; but, as Fermin gives fo\nfhort an account of them, it is fcarcely clear whether they ase\ndiftinct, or referable to any known fpecies. He obferves, that\nboth feed on. worms and infects, and are good to eat.\nVARIEGATED\nTHR.\nDescription.\nLa Litorne de Cayenne, Buf. of. iii. p. 306.\nGrive de Cayenne, PL enl. 515.\nCIZE of a Song Thrufh : length eight inches. Bill dufky:\nthe upper parts of the plumage cinereous, with white margins : throat dufky : breaft and belly dirty white ; the middle of\nthe feathers dufky : the vent white : greater wing coverts and\nquills black, with ferruginous edges; the greater quills plain\nblack : tail cinereous : legs dufky\u00C2\u00BB-\nInhabits Cayenne.\nCAYENNE\nTHR. PAGODA TffR.\nDescription.\nTHRUSH.\nLe Martin Rsame, Son. Voy.Jnd. ii, p. 189,\nTJ ATHER bigger than the Houfe Sparrow. Bill black,\nwith the endtfralfyellow: irides blue: the feathers of the\nhead are black, long,, and narrow, and form a creft j thofe of the\nthroat, neck, breaft, and belly, are of the fame fhape, and each\nhas a line of white down the fhaft: the back, wing coverts, and\nrump, are grey: the quills and iail black: under tail coverts\nwhite: legs and claws yellow.\nThis inhabits the coafts of Malabar and Coromandel, where it\nis trailed Martin Brame, as it chiefly is .met with about the towers\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00C2\u00BB\u00C2\u00BB. N\u00C2\u00B0 237.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Kram. p. 360, N\u00C2\u00B0 4.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nFrifch. t. 30,\nLe Merle a Collier, Brif. orn. ii. p. 235. N\u00C2\u00B0 12.\n-\" a plaftron blanc, Buf. oif, iii. p. 340. pl. 31.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 516.\nMerulas congener, Rail Syn. p. 67. N\u00C2\u00B0 12.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will. om. p. 195.\nRing Ouzel, or Amfel, Rail Syn. p. 65. A. z.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will. om. p. 194.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Albin. i. pl. 3g.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Br, Zool. i. N\u00C2\u00B0 no. pl. ifi.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Are?, Zool.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nT N fize this rather exceeds a Blackbird : length eleven inches.\nBill blackifh : infide of the mouth yellow: irides hazel. At a\ndiftance this bird appears of a dull black, but on infpection each\nfeather is found to be margined with grey or afh-colour: on the\nbreaft is a large patch of white, paffing a little backwards like a\ncollar: the legs are brown.\nThe female differs in having the white crefcent on the breaft\nmuch lefs confpicuous, and in fome birds quite wanting; which\n* Probably the warmer parts of it; as it was firft defcribed by Feuillee, whole\nobfervations were confined to South America and the Weft Indies. See Feuill.\nObf Journ. p. 125. ed. 1725.\n2 has THRUSH.\nhas occafioned authors to confider it as a different fpecies, under\nthe name of Rock Ouzel *.\nThis is not only a Britifh bird, but is likewife met with in\nmany parts of the old continent, both in the warmer as well as\ncolder regions -f-; alfo in Africa J and Afia \u00C2\u00A7. It is however in\nall thefe places noticed as migratory. They come into Burgundy\nin France, the beginning of October, in fmall flocks, flaying only\ntwo or three weeks; and are feen again in April or May: probably\nonly paffing and returning to other parts. This circumftance is\nlikewife obferved to happen in Hampfhire in this kingdom, at the\nmoft not flaying more than a fortnight at a time. They are\nknown to breed both in Wales, Cumberland, and Scotland; as\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0alfo in Dartmoor in Devon/hire, where Mr. Pennant has obferved\nthem, and fays that they build on the fides of ftreams, in the\nJ_mnks, and that they are;_eery clamorous when difturbed.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2Others inform,us, that they make the neft on the ground, at\nthe foot of fome low bufhj and that it is formed like that of the\ncommon Blackbird, and the eggs of the fame colour, and five\nin number. Now and then one is met with in the more fouthern\nparts. Such an ill-fated ftraggler was fhot near Dartford, about\nfour years fince, and is now in my collection.\nThe food of this bird.confifts of infects, berries, &c.; and when:\nfat its flefh is in much eftimation.\nOf this bird varieties have been noticed; fome quite white,\nand others fpotted with white: as well as a third, which is\nbigger than the common one, fpotted with white, and without\n* Willitghby, p. 195. i\nt Not in Ruffla nor Sibiria. Pennant.\n% Adanfon.\nAbout the borders of the Cafpian Sea, wiring in Perflai,\nthe\n47\nPlace and\nManners. \u00E2\u0096\u00A048\nTHRUSH.\nthe crefcent on the breaft. This laft is faid to come into Lor-\nrain at the end of autumn, remarkably fat. It feeds on Snails,\nand is very adroit in breaking the fhells on a ftone, to get at the\ncontents; but in want of Snails feeds on ivy-berries. It is accounted good food *.\nWATER-\nOUZEL.\nSturnus cinclus, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 290. N\u00C2\u00B0 5.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Faun. Suec. N\u00C2\u00B0 214.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Bmn.\nN\u00C2\u00B0 230.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Muller. p. 29. N\u00C2\u00B0 236.\nMotacilla cinclus, Scop. ann. i. N\u00C2\u00B0 223.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Kram. el. p. 374. 3.\nLe Merle d'Eau, Brif. om. v. p. 252. lg.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Buf. oif. viii. p. 134.pl. 11.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nPl. enl. 940.\nWater Ouzel, or Water Crake, Raii Syn. p. 66. A. 7.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will, orn, p. 149.\npl. 24.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Albin, ii. pl. 39.\u00E2\u0080\u0094.Br. Zool. i. N\u00C2\u00B0 in Ar8. Zool.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nnoN. ^PHI S is fomewhat lefs than a Blackbird : length feven inches\nand a half. The bill is ten lines long, ftrait, or rather\nbending upwards, and curved downwards at the tip; colour\nblack: the irides are hazel : eyelids white: the upper parts of\nthe head and neck deep brown ; the reft of the upper parts, the\nbelly, vent, and tail, are black; but the feathers of the back and\nwings have brownifh edges: the chin, fore part of the neck, and\nbreaft, are pure white ; and between that and the black on the\nbelly the colour is rufous brown : the legs are black.\nIn young birds the belly is white.\nD This fpecies is folitary, and is found in various parts of Eng\nland, but chiefly fuch as are full of rivulets, and efpecially where\nthey are fituated between rocks; this bird frequenting fuch\nplaces for the fake of its food, living chiefly on infects and\nfmall .fifh, which it fearches for in a fingular manner, by not only\n* Hifl. des of. ii\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 P- 347-\ndiving I\nW^^AuUtM\u00E2\u0084\u00A2^. THRUSH.\ndiving under water for them, but flying and running after\nthem at the bottom in the fame manner as on land : how this is\neffected we are not told, but the fact is averred for true *. It\nmakes its neft on the ground, on the banks, of hay and dried\nfibres, lining it with dry oak-leaves, having a portico, or grand\nentrance, of green mofs -f. The eggs are five in number, white,\ntinged with a fine blufh of red. It is met with in many parts of\nEurope, even the more northern %, as the cold alone will not\nmake it defert its ufual haunts; nothing lefs than the ftreams\nbeing frozen up.\nLev. Muf.\nT ESS than a Blackbird : length eight inches. Bill one inch long,\nand of a lead-colour : plumage in general black : rump and\ntail white, except the ends of the two middle feathers, which are\nblack for an inch and a half, and of all the others for about\nhalf an inch : the thighs are alfo white: legs and claws yellowifh.\nInhabits Gibraltar.\nWHITE-\nTAILED THR.\nP_. XXXVIII.\n* Hifl. des oif.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Decouv. Ruff vol. i. p. ;\nauthor mentions, that one of them had be\nline and hook, which had been baited to\nt Br. Zool.\nX Met with at Kamtfchatka. Ellis's Nat\n07, 314.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Kramer, Sec. This laft\n:n caught under water by means of a\natch fifh.\n-. vol. ii. p. 43. 4- ROSE-COLOURED THR.\nTHRUSH.\nTurdus rofeus, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 294. N\u00C2\u00B0 15.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Faun. Suec zig.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Nov.. Contt-\nAc.Petrop. xv. p. 478. t. 23. f. 1.\nSturnus rofeus, Scop. ann. i. p. 130. N\u00C2\u00B0 [91.\nTurdus Seleu-cis, Faun. Arab. p. vi. a.\u00E2\u0080\u0094p. 5. N\u00C2\u00B0 16.\nLe Merle couleur deRofe. Brif. orn, ii. p. 250, N\" zo.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif. iii. p. 348..\npl. 22.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 251.\nMerula Rofea, Rail Syn. p, 67. 9.\nRofe or carnation-coloured Ouzel, Will. orn. p. ig^.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Edw. pl. 20.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nBr. Zool. App. N\u00C2\u00B0 5. pl. $.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ara. Zool.\nLev. Muf.\nCIZE of a Starling: length near eight inches. Bill three\nquarters of an inch, a little bent, of a flefh-colour,, with- the'\nbafe blackifh:. irides pale: the feathers of the head are long,:\nand form a creft: the head, neck, wings,, and tail, are black,,\nwith glories of blue,, purple,' and green, in different lights:\nback, rump, breaft, belly, and leffer wing coverts,, pale rofe-\ncolour, with a few irregular dark fpots : legs pale red: claws\ncrooked, and brown.\nThe female differs merely in being paler. We have reafon to*\nthink that the teints of thefe birds differ much, as Ruffell * calls\nour Rofe a flefh-colour, while the name given it in the Peterfburgh'\nTranf. \sfanguineous.\nThis bird is met with in. feveral parts of Europe, and in Afia.\nIt comes in great numbers about Aleppo, in July and Augufi, m\npurfuit of the fwarms of locufis \ ;. whence it is held'facred by\nthe Turks, as great quantities are deflroyed by this means : it is\nalfo feen in vaft flocks, every year, in the fouth of Ruffia, about\nthe river Don, and in Sibiria, about the Irtifch ; finding abundance\nof locufls for food;, and convenience for breeding between th'e\nrocks : it is alfo common on the borders of the Cafpian Sea,\n\u00C2\u00BB Hifl, of Aleppo, p. 70.\nt Hence called the Locufl Bird. Ruf THRUSH.\nabout Aftrachan, and from thence all along the Volga *. We\nhear of it in Switzerland and Lapland f, but is faid never to exceed the bounds of the latter.\nIt is a fcarce bird in refpect to England, one being only now and\nthen met with. Edwards mentions two inftances ; to which we\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2can add one, that was fhot at Grantham, in Lincoln/hire, now in\npoffeffion of Sir Jofeph Banks; as alfo the afTurance of one or\nmore being fhot almoft every feafon about Ormfkirk in Lancafhire.\nIt is more fretfuent in France, as it is often met with in Burgundy, in its paffage to other parts; and is mentioned as common\nto Italy by AldroVandus J>\nTurdus cyanus, Lin. Syfl,\nLe Merle bleu, Buf. oif.\nLe Merle folitaire femefle dTtali(\nCyanos, feu Caerulea avis Betlonii.\nIndian Mock-bird, id. p.\nN62;\n355- P1-2\n(female).\nRail Syn. p. 66. N\u00C2\u00B0 5.\u00E2\u0080\u0094-J\nN\u00C2\u00B0 6r\np. 282. N\u00C2\u00B0 37.\nSolitary Sparrow, Edw. pl. 18. (male).\nLev. Muf.\nHP H I S is fomewhat lefs than a Blackbird : length eight\ninches. Bill fourteen lines, hooked at the tip; colour of it\nblackifh : the infide of the mouth and eye-lids orange : the irides\ndull hazel: the plumage of a cinereous blue, but each feather is\nmarked near the end with a brown band, and the very tip white :\nthe quills and tail are dufky, edged with cinereous blue : the legs\ndufky.\nThe female is likewife blue, but much inclined to afh-colour,\nand beneath tranfverfely waved with this laft colour and\nblack.\n* See Decouv. Ruff. vol. i. 157\u00E2\u0080\u0094ii. 146. &c.\nt Linnatu. See alfo Ameen, Acad, vol. iv. N\u00C2\u00B0 594. % Hifl, des oif\nH 2 This SOLITARY\nTHR.\nP-SCRIPTION.\nTHRUSH.\nThis bird is found in the ifle of Candia, Dalmatia, and parts\nbetween, moft of the Archipelagic ifles *, and perhaps thofe of the\nMediterranean, fince Edwards mentions its being found at Gibraltar % from whence alfo I have one now in my colledion.\nLe Solitaire, Brif. om. ii. p. 268. N\" 30.\nLe Merle Solitaire, Buf. oif. iii. p. 358.\nPaffera Solitaria, Olin. uccel. p. 14.\n\"Pafler Solitarius, Rati Syn. p. 66. 4.\nSolitary Sparrow, Will. orn. p. 191. t. 36. 37\u00E2\u0084\u00A2\nLev. Muf.\nT E S S than a Blackbird : length eight or nine inches. Bill\nbrown, and bent at the tip : infide of the mouth yellow:\nirides orange: the general colour of the plumage brown, marked\nwith fmall whitifh fpots: the fides of the head, throat, neck,\nbreaft, and upper wing coverts, have a tinge of blue : rump, and\nunder tail coverts, plain brown, as are the quills : the tail blackifh : legs brown.\nThe female is brown, without the leaft tinge of blue; and the\nfpots, which are moft numerous on the breaft, are of a dirty yel-.\nlowifh colour : quills and tail brown.\nThis is frequent in France, Italy, the ifles of the Mediterranean and Archipelago, and other parts ; where it is not only\nefteemed for its fong, but held in veneration by moft people, fo\nas to think it almoft facrilege to take the neft, or kill the\nbird.\nIt frequents mountainous and rocky places, and is always\n* Kolben mentions a blue bird at the Cape of Good Hope, which is of the fize of\na Starling; but the bill, according to him, is between three and four inches in\nlength. I fhould therefore hefitate to pronounce this our Blue Thrufh; feem-\ning more allied to our Black-capped King-Fijher, i. p. 624, \u00E2\u0080\u0094 See Hft. Cap..\nii. p. 152.\nfeen.\nnywi THRUSH.\nfeen alone, except in breeding - time, when it frequently is\nknown to make the neft in old ruined edifices, church-\ntowers, and fuch - like places, (but not two pair near each\nother) laying five or fix eggs. The young are eafily brought\nup, and, befides that fweet fong which nature has furnifhed them\nwith, and for which they are fo much efteemed, may be taught\nto whiftle, and articulate words. They are faid not only to fing\nin the day, when kept in a cage, but alfo by candle-light, and to\nlive in this ftate eight or ten years.\nThe food confifts of infects, grapes, and other fruits.\nIt is not ftrictly a bird of paffage; but is obferved to change\nplace in different feafons ; coming into thefe parts where it is.\nufed to build, in April, and retiring in Augufl.\nLe Solitaire deManille, Brif. orn. ii. p. 270. N\u00C2\u00B0 31. pl. 33. f. 2.\nLe Merle Solitaire de Manille, Buf. oif. iii. p. 363.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 636. (the male).\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094564. 2. (the female).\nCIZE of the Rock Shrike : length eight inches. Bill one\ninch; colour of it brown : the head, fore part of the neck,\nand the back, are cinereous blue : the rump blue : fpotted with\nyellow on the throat, fore part of the neck, and upper part of the\nbreaft : wing coverts fpotted with the fame, but not fo thick, and\nmixed likewife with other white fpots: the under parts of the\nbody are orange, marked with blue and white curved fpots : the\nquills and tail are blackifh, the laft margined with rufous : the\nlegs are blackifh.\nThe female is a plain bird, if compared with the male; has\nneither blue nor orange about her, being wholly of a brownifh\ncolour, with fpots of deeper brown on the head, neck, and under\nparts, which are paler than thofe above.\nThis was brought from Manilla, by M. Sonnerat.\nLe\nPENSIVE\nTHR. 5*\nTHRUSH.\n. 56.\nHERMIT '\nLe Solitaire des Philippines, Brif orn\niii. p. 364.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 339.\n. p. 272. N\u00C2\u00B03. pl. 28.\n-Buf oif.\nt ENGTH feven inches and a half. Bill one inch, brown,\nwith a whitifh bafe : round the eyes whitifh : the crown of\nthe head is yellowifh olive : hind-head, upper parts of the neck,\nand back, brown; each feather having a dufky band, near the\ntip, which is whitifh : the fides of the head, and under parts of the\nbody, have each feather of a rufous white margined with brown,\nand a dirty rufous white tip : the leffer wing coverts and rump\nare cinereous : quills and tail brown, bordered with grey : legs\nbrown.\nInhabits the Philippine Ifles, and feems to have much affinity to\nthe laft.\n'Merula fafcatilis, Rail Syn. p. 68. N\u00C2\u00B0 3.\nGreater Redftart, Will. orn. p. 197. pl. 36.\nCIZE of a Thrufh. Bill pale brown, like that of a Thrufh,\nand rather bent at the tip : the Upper parts of the plumage deep brown; moft of the feathers edged with cinereous\nwhite : rump ferruginous, edged with the fame: the chin white :\nthroat as the upper parts, but much paler: the fore part of\nthe neck, and all the under parts, dirty orange-colour, waved\nwith brown and white : the two middle tail feathers brown, edged\nwith dirty orange; the others wholly of this laft colour: iegs.\ndufky *.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0* Lmuch fufpect. it to'be a variety of the Rock Shrike, vol. i. p. 176, if not\nthe fame bird ; and if fo, it is clearly a Thrufh, and not a Shrike. It differs,\nhowever, from that in the Pl. enl. as the bird there figured has the lower .part\n>of the back and rump white.\n3 The THRUSH.\nThe above defcription was taken from a well-done drawing\nbelonging to Mr. Pennant; who, I think, mentioned the bird to\nhave come from Gibraltar, and that it prefers rocky and mountainous fituations, being found in fuch places about the Altaic\nChain, and beyond the Lake Baikal frequent. It is a fhy bird,\nand in courfe difficult to be fhot.\nWillughby talks of it being met with at Florence, and fays it\nlearns to fpeak articulately, like the Stare.\nTurdus morio, Lin. Syfl: i. p. 297. N\u00C2\u00B0 26.\nLe Merle du Cap de B. E, Brif. om. ii. p. 309. N\u00C2\u00B0 52. pi. z%\ \u00C2\u00A3 2.\u00E2\u0080\u0094-PL\nLoja,\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0duCapd\nBuf. oif. i\n166.\nAFRICAN THR.\nCIZE of a Blackbird : length eleven inches. Bill ftrong and\nblack : the general colour of the plumage is a greenifh gloffy\nblack, except the greater quills, which are rufous; the three firft\nof thefe have brown, and the others black tips : the legs are\ntrrown.\nThis is found at the Cape of Good Hope..\nLe Podobe du Senegal, Bnf. of. iii, p. 368.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl.enl.__4,. -\nCIZE of a Blackbird : length ten inches. Bill brown : general colour of the plumage black : wings rufous and fhort :\nunder tail coverts tipped with white : tail cuneiform, all but the\ntwo middle feathers tipped with white : legs rufous.\nInhabits Senegal.\nRUFOUS-\nWINGED THR. SHINING THR.\nTHRUSH.\nTurdus nitens, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 294. N\u00C2\u00B0 13\nLe Merle verd d'Angola, Brif. orn. ii. p.\n311. N\u00C2\u00B053. pl. 30. f. 5\nI Z E of a Blackbird : length nine inches. Bill black: the\nplumage is wholly of a gloffy fine green colour, except fome\nof the leffer wing coverts, which are of a bright fteel-blue, forming a fpot on the fore part of the wing of this laft colour: legs\nblack.\nInhabits Angola and the Cape of Good Hope *.\nLe Merle vert d'Angola, Buf. oif. i\nBr. Muf. Lev.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 P- 372\nMuf.\n-Pl. enl. 561.\nCIZE of the laft. The upper parts of the head, neck, body,\nand tail, are of a gloffy olive-green : the rump blue : on the\nwings are here and there fome. dark fpots, and the back has a\ntinge of blue in fome lights : throat blue: fore part of the neck\nblue green : breaft, belly, thighs, and feathers covering the ears,\nviolet: vent olive yellow : legs black.\nFound in the fame place as the laft. Suppofed to be a variety\nonly.\n* One.from this laft place is in the collection of Sir J, Banks. THRUSH.\n\u00C2\u00A3e Merle verd a longue queue du Senegal, Brif. orn. ii. p. 313. N\u00C2\u00B0 54. GLOSSY THR.\npl. 31. f. 1.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif. iii. p. 369.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 220.\nLe Merle cuivre d'Afrique, Salem, em. p. 1S2.\nCIZE larger than a Blackbird: length eighteen inches, of Description.\nwhich the tail makes eleven. The bill black : general colour\nof the plumage gloffy green in different fhades : the head inclines\nto blackifh, with a gold eaft: belly and thighs gloffed with copper : rump, and two middle tail feathers, incline to purple ; the\nfhape of the laft greatly cuneiform, the outermoft feather being\nvery fhort: legs black.\nInhabits Senegal. Buffon mentions one in the Cabinet du Roi, Piacs.\nwhich had a much fhorter tail j but fuppofes it not to have been\njuj a perfect ftate.\nLe Merle violet du Royaume de Juida, Buf. oif. iii. p. 373.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 540. 62.,\nGILDED THR-\nOI ZE of the laft. Bill brown : irides yellow : the head, neck, Description.\nand under parts of the body, are violet: back and wings of\n_; gilded green, with a band of blue on the inner edge: the upper\ntail coverts and tail blue : legs reddifh brown.\nInhabits the kingdom ofWhidah, in Africa, and feems to bear Place.\nmuch affinity to the two laft-defcribed.\nLe Merle bleu de la Chine, Son. Voy. Ind. vol. i\n. pl.\n63.\nVIOLET THR.\nCIZE of our Blackbird. Bill black: irides red; the whole\nplumage of a changeable violet blue: the feathers of the\nhead, neck, breaft, and wing coverts, have at the end a band of\nVol. IL I changeable\nDESCRIPTION. T H R U S H\u00E2\u0080\u009E\nchangeable violet-blue, which has the luftre of polifhed metal \u00E2\u0080\u009E\non the wing.coverts are two feathers which have a white band :\nthe thighs are white on. the infide, and deep blue without: legs,\nblack.\nInhabits China.\n64*\nWH1DAH THR.\nLe Merle violet $ ventre blanc de Juida, Buf. oif. iii. p. 402.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 648. f. 1.\nC I Z E of a Lark, or rather lefs : the length fix inches and a\nhalf. Bill afh-colour: the plumage in general is violet, excepting the belly, which-is white : the legs are afh-coloured : the:\nquills are blackifh. The wings, ,wnen clofed, reach three-fourths-,\nof the length of the tail\".\nInhabits the kingdom of Whiddb, in Africa.\nm\nDOMINICAN\nTHR.\nLe Merle Dominiquain des Philippines, Buf. oif. iii. p, 396.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 627.\nf. 2.\nT E N G T H fix inches. Bill pale brown : the upper parts of\"\nthe body are brown, marked here and there with a mixture\nof violet, or polifhed fteel-colour : the bafe of the tail of this laft\ncolour, but towards the end greenifh : the head, and all the under\nparts of the body, are very light;, or brownifh white: the legs,\npale brown: the wings are remarkably long in this bird, reaching,.,\nwhen clofed, nearly to the end of the tail.\nThis was brought from the Philippine Ifles by M. Sonnerat.. THRUSH.\n59\nLe Merle Dominiquain de la Chine, Son. Voy, lad. vol.\np. 191.\n66.\nWHITE-HEAD.\nED THR,\n^pHIS is a trifle lefs than our Blackbird. The bill is blackifh, with a tinge of red and yellow : irides the colour of yellow orpiment: the head and neck are white, and the feathers\nlong and narrow : the hind part of the neck deep cinereous grey :\nthe back and rump, breaft and belly, the fame, but paler-: wing\nCoverts and leffer quills copper green, gloffed with violet; on the\nfirft, a white fpot or two: the quills black : the tail like the\nwing coverts; the under coverts of it white: legs yellow.\nThe female has the head grey, like the reft of the body, and\nthe copper glofs on the wings lefs brilliant.\nThefe birds are found in China, where they are called Petites \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\nGalinotes.\nF_MAi\u00C2\u00AB.\nPlace.\nLe petit Merle de L'Ifle de Panay, Son. Voy. p. 115. pl. 73.\noIZE of the Pettichaps. Irides red: the head., neck, back,\nand wing coverts, are of a greenifh black, with a glofs of both\nblue and violet: the feathers on the head and neck differ from the\nreft, in being' -longer and narrower: quills and tail black.\nThis is very common at Manilla, Panay, and almoft all the\nPhilippine iflands; being often feen in flocks of thoufands together. It makes the neft frequently in pigein-.houfes, like'-thf#\n-Starling; whence it has obtained that name by many. It has a\n^fine fong, and fo agreeably -variegated, that it has obtained :t-he\n^iiame of Muftcian.\n%'\nSONGSTER\nTHR.\nDescr.i-pt* and leffer wing coverts, incline\nto olive green : greater wing coverts, quills, and tail, dark afh-\"\ncolour : belly and vent yellowifh : legs brown.\nInhabits Madagafcar, where it is called Ourovong,\nColombiers, Buf. of. iii. p. 381.\nCIZE of a Throftle: general colour green, which is very\nchangeable in different reflections of light. Some of thefe\nbirds are lefs than others, and have a white rump and vent; but\nwhether young birds, or different in fex, is not known.\nThefe are met with in the Philippine Ifles, where they are called\nPigeon Starlings \u00E2\u0096\u00A0, as they frequently, like the Starlings in Europe,\nbuild in p geon-houfes.\n7 Xt THRUSH.\nLe Merle a gorge noire de St. Domingue, Buf, oif. iii. p. 3\n' 78.\nBLACK-\nrHROA'i ED\nTHR.\nCIZE of a Throftle: length feven inches and a half. Bill Descru\nblack : the forehead, between the bill and eye, the chin,\nthroat, and as far as the breaft, are black; this is bordered by\nrufous, extending to the crown, which is of the fame colour :\nhind part of the neck, back, and wing coverts, grey brown, more\nor lefs fhaded with brown: greater coverts and quills, blackifh\nbrown, edged with light grey: rump, and under parts of the\nbody, greenifh yellow, marked with fome large fcattered black\nfpots on the breaft and belly : tail three inches long, rounded in\nfhape ; the colour the fame as the back ; all but the middle feathers margined with blackifh : legs black.\nInhabits St. Domingo. Pl\nCMALLER than the Fieldfare: length feven inches. Bill\nblack, beneath yellowifh, tip brown : head, neck, and upper\nparts of the body, greyifh green: over the eyes a white ftreak j\nbeneath them a white fpot: throat grey, fpotted with white:\nbreaft and fides pale rufous: belly and vent white : thighs mixed,\ncinereous and white : fome of the quills brown', others grey : tail\neven at the end: legs and claws yellowifh.\nGeorgi * defcribes this fpecies from one kept in a cage,- which\nwas fuppofed to have come from China; and adds, that it fung\nwell, and was fond of wetting itfelf with water, like the Starling.\nGREEN THR.\nDescription.\nVol. II.\n* See Refe, p. 505.\nK 66\nTHRUSH.\nTurdus olivaceus, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 292. N\u00C2\u00B0 5.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Mantiff. 1771. P> 526.\nLe Merle olive du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Brf. om. ii. p. 294. N8 43.\npl. 22. f. $.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. of. iii. p. 381,\nCIZE of the Redwing: length eight inches and a quarter. Bill\nbrown: the upper parts of the plumage olive brown ; the\nunder yellow: the throat yellow brown, fpotted with brown:\nlegs and claws brown.\nInhabits the Cape of Good Hope.\nIn the Mantiffa, Linnaus adds, that the lore is black: upper\npart of the body brownifh grey : all beneath, and the rump, ferruginous : the two middle tail feathers brown; the others ferruginous. In one fpecimen the head was hoary.\nINDIAN THR **e -^er*e \u00C2\u00B0.^ve ^es ^R^es' ___V' orn' \"\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 P\u00C2\u00AB 29%' N\u00C2\u00B0 45. pl. 31. \u00C2\u00A3> 2.-\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nBuf. of. iii. p. 384.\u00E2\u0080\u0094iV. enl. 564. f. 1.\nBr. Muf.\nDescription. T ESS than the Redwing : length eight inches. Bill blackifh :\ntheupper parts of the body are deep olive green; the under\nparts the fame, but paler, and inclined to yellow : the quills\nhave the inner webs brown, the outer olive green, with the\nedge for two-thirds from the bafe yellowifh : the tail olive green:\nlegs blackifh.\nPiace. Inhabits the Eaft Indies. That in the Br. Muf. is rather fmaller,\nand has the chin dufky black. THRUSH.\nLe Merle c&ndre des Indes, Brif, om.\noif. iii. p. 385.\n. p. 286. N\u00C2\u00B0 39. pl. 25. f. 3,\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf.\nT ESS than a Redwing: length feven inches and three quarters.\n.Bift black, with a few briftles at the bafe: the plumage of a\ndeep afh-corour, paleft beneath: the greater wing coverts black,\nwith grey edges : quill's the fame, but the white is broader\non the fecondaries than the greater ones; the fecondaries have\nalfo part of the inner webs white: the two middle tail feathers\nare like the back; the next on each fide is black, with the\n^margins and tips afh-colour ; the reft of the outer ones bteek:\nthe legs black.\nInhabits the Eaft Indies.\nASH-COLOURED THR.\nDescription.\nLe Merle gris de Gingi, Son. Voy. Ind. vol. ii. p. 193. GREY TH1\nT ESS than a Blackbird. Bill yellowifh white : the top of the Description,\nhead, and hind part, of the neck, are whitifh: the throat,\nfore part of the neck, back, wings, and tail, deep grey: the\nbreaft, belly,, thighs, and vent, very pale reddifh grey : legs yellowifh.\nInhabits the coaft of Coromandel: chiefly feen on the ground, Place.\nwhere it is perpetually hopping after worms and infects, which it\nfinds in the dung of animals, whence it has gained the name of\nFouille-merde.\nLev. Muf\nJ^ENGTH nine inches and a half. Bill an inch and a half\nlong, moderately bent, and of a brownifh flefh-colour; near\nthe tip an almoft obfolete notch; at the gape a few black weak\nK a hairs :\n84.\nLONG-BILLED\nTHR. THRUSH.\nhairs : the tongue half the length of the bill, and jagged at the\nend : the feathers on the head fhort and pointed : the plumage on\nthe upper parts of the body pale olive brown : over the eye a\npale yellowifh ftreak : wing coverts and quills margined with pale\nyellow : the rump much inclined to yellow: all the under parts\nof the body pale brimftone : the tail much rounded in fhape; the\ntwo middle feathers are brown, with pale ends; the others\ndufky yellow, with pale fhafts : the legs are dufky flefh-colour :\nthe toes long; the hind claw large.\nThis inhabits the ifland of Eimeo.\nSome of thefe birds, in the poffeffion of Sir Jofeph Banks, faid\nto have come from Tork Ifland, had a greater mixture of palifh\nbuffon the wing coverts, and were alfo mottled with dufky and\nbuff throughout. It is moft likely that thefe were young'\nbirds.\nLe Merle du Senegal, Brif. orn. ii. p. 261\nLe Merle brun du Senegal, Buf. oif. iii. p.\n. N\u00C2\u00B0 26. pl. 22. f. 2.\n385.\u00E2\u0080\u0094iV. enl.563. f. 2.\nJ ESS than a Redwing : length eight inches. Bill brown : the'\ngeneral colour of the plumage grey brown; except the\nbelly, fides, thighs, and under tail coverts, which are dirty\nwhite: quills, tail, and legs, brown.\nInhabits Senegal.\nMADAGASCAR\nTHR.\nLe Merle de Madagafcar, Brif. orn. ii. p. 274. N\u00C2\u00B0 33. pi. 23. f. I.\u00E2\u0080\u0094D\u00C2\u00B0 ou\nleTanaombe, Buf. oif. iii. p. _%6~.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 557. f, J.\nT ESS than the Redwing : length feven inches and a quarter.\nBill black; bafe befet with briftles : head, neck, back, and\nfeapulars, brown : rump greenifh brown: breaft and fides rufous\nbrown ;\n11 THRUSH.\nbrown : belly, thighs, and vent, white : quills blackifh ; from the\nfecond to the fixth, part white part violet on the outer webs;\nthe fecondaries black mixed with violet and green, and fome of\nthe inner ones gloffed with a gilded rufous-colour: the two\nmiddle tail feathers green gold ; the others dufky, with the outer\nmargins green gold : the outermoft feather is white on the exterior margin, and the two next fringed with white : the fhape of\nthe tail fomewhat forked : legs black.\nThis inhabits Madagafcar, and is called Tanaombe.\nLe Merle de Mindanao, Buf. oif. iii. p. 387.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Pl. enl. 627. f. 1.\nT ENGTH feven inches. Bill lead-colour: head, neck, upper 1\nparts, and tail, fteel blue : the breaft, and under parts,\nwhite: on the wing, near the edge, is a longitudinal band of\nwhite; the greater coverts and part of the fecondaries being of\nthat colour: the tail is fomewhat cuneiform in fhape : the legs\nare brown.\nBrought from Mindanao by M. Sonnerat.\nA bird of this kind had the greater quills tipped with deep\nchangeable green, and fome fpots of gloffy variable violet in feveral parts of the body, efpecially at the hind part of the\nhead.\n60\n87.\nMINDANAO\nTHR.\nXe Merle vert de l'Ifle de France, Buf. of. iii. p. 388.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PA enl. 648. f. 2.\nT ESS than the Redwing: length feven inches. Bill afh-co- ;\nloured : the plumage is wholly of a deep greenifh blue\nthroughout: the feathers of the head and neck are narrow, and\nlonger than the others: the legs are lead-coloured.\nInhabits the Ifle of France.\nTurdus\nMAURITIUS\nTHR. THRUSH.\nTurdus atricapiUtes, Lin. Syfi. i, p. zgp N\u00C2\u00B0 i8.\nLe Merle a tete noire du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Brif. em, $t_ipl. J>. _J.\nN\u00C2\u00B0 66. pi. 3. f. z.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. of. iii. p. 388\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 3gz.\nCIZE of the Redwing: length nine inches. Bill black: the\nhead and part of the neck are of a gloffy black : back and\nfeapulars deep brown : rump and upper tail coverts rufous: the\nunder parts, from the throat to the vent, are very pale rufous:\nthe fides croffed with tranfverfe dufky lines : the wing coverts are\nbrown, fome of them margined with rufous, and others with\nwhite: the quills are deep brown; the nine firft are white at the\nbafe, but in the two firft the white only occupies the hatrer wefo$\nwhen the. wing is clofed, a white fpot appears : the tail is wedge-\n\u00C2\u00A3hapecL, and of a blackifh colour ; all but the two middle feathers\nhave white tips, the white part occupying moft fpace in the\nouter feathers :\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 legs brown: claws black.\nInhabits the Cape of Good Hope.\nTurdus capenfis, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 295. N\u00C2\u00B0 17.\nLe Merle brun du Cap de Bonne Efperance; Brif. orn. ii. p. 259. N\u00C2\u00B0 25.\npL2.f. 3.\nLe Brunet du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Buf. oif iii. p. 390.\nCIZE of a Lark : length feven inches and a quarter. Bill\nblack : head, neck, and upper parts of the body, brown; under\nparts the fame, but paler : the belly and thighs have a yellowifh\nhue ; and. the under tail coverts are quite yellow : quills and tail\ndeep brown: legs hlack.\nInhabits the Cape of Good Hope. THRUSH.\nm\nMerle _ Cul. jaune du Cap, Buf. oif. iii. p. 390.\u00E2\u0080\u0094?/. enl. 317. V,\n*\"pHIS differs from the laft in being fomewhat larger. The Descr\nhead and throat are black; the reft of the plumage of the\nfame colour with the laft. The bill feems ftronger at the bafe,\nand is fomewhat more curved than ufual in this genus.\nThis is moft likely a mere variety of the other.\nT ENGTH almoft feven inches. Bill of a deep lead-colour,\nwith a few briftles at the bafe : on the forehead a white fpot:\nhead, neck, and upper parts of the body, very deep lead-colour,\nalmoft black: under parts dirty yellowifh buff-colour : legs\nbrown.\nMet with in Dufky Bay, New Zealand; alfo common in Charlotte\nSound, called by the natives Gba-toitoi. In the collection of Sir\nJ* Banks.\nWHITE-\nFRONTED\nTHR.\nLev. Muf.\nJJE N G T H fix inches. Bill black ; bafe of it fu-rnifhed with ]\nbriftles : the plumage on the upper part of the body is black :\non each fide of the forehead, at the noftrils, a fpot of white:\nbeneath, from the breaft to vent, white : tail black; all the feathers\na little pointed at the end ; under part of it afh-colour. One of\nthefe birds was black on the middle of the belly, which perhaps-\nwas of a different fex.\nThefe are in the Leverian Mufeum, and appear to be varieties\nof the laft-defcribed. They came likewife from the South Seas,\nbut the place uncertain.\nTurdus THRUSH.\nCAPE THR. Turd\u00C2\u00BBs cafer, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 295. N\u00C2\u00B0 16.\nLe Merle hupe du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Brif. om. ii. p. 257\nf***#?4?i* P1- 2\u00C2\u00B0- f- *\u00E2\u0080\u0094%\u00C2\u00A3 of. iii. p. 393\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl- enl. 563 f. 1.\nLe Gobe-mouche a tete noire de la Chine, Son, Voy. Lnd. ii.\nDesc\n'\"DIGGER than the crefted Lark : length eight inches. Bill\none inch, blackifh: the head a little crefted: head and creft\nviolet black: the upper parts of the body are brown : the margins of the feathers grey : fore part of the neck and breaft\nbrown, gloffed with violet: belly brown, the feathers edged with\ngrey : thighs, rump, and lower belly, white : vent, and under tail\ncoverts, red : the quills and tail are brown ; the feathers of the\nfirft edged with grey; the fhape of the laft is cuneiform, the bafe\nis brown, and the tip white: legs black.\nVar. A.\nDescripti\nqIZE of a Lark: length eight inches. Bill three quarters of an\ninch, a trifle bent, black : the head and chin are black : the upper parts of the body and wings are brownifh afh-colour, ftreaked\nwith pale brown; beneath, cinereous white : the vent crimfon :\nquills and tail brown, the laft a little cuneiform; three of the\nouter feathers tipped with white : legs black.\nIn the mufeum of the late Dr. Hunter.\n___J 93-\nLONG-TAILED\nTHR\nPl. XXXIX.\nDlSCRIPTION.\nLev. Muf.\nCIZE of a Lark: length eleven inches and a half. Bill\nflightly notched near the tip ; colour black : head, neck, back,\nand wing coverts, gloffy purplifh black : rump white: the under\n5 parts ^J^-Ax^MnU: THRUSH.\nparts, from the breaft, ferruginous orange: quills dufky clack : the\ntail is greatly cuneiform in fhape, the two middle feathers being\nfix inches and a half long, and the outer ones only two inches and\na half; the four middle feathers are wholly black; the next on\neach fide, half black half white; and the three outer ones wholly\nwhite : legs pale yellow : claws black.\nInhabits Pulo Condore. Sonnerat defcribes one very like this\nfrom the coaft of Malabar *. The four middle tail feathers in\nhis bird were black; the others half black half white.\nLe Merle d'Amboine, Brif. orn. ii. p. 244. N\u00C2\u00B0 16.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif. iii. p, 394..\nAvicula Amboinenfis cinerea, Seba, vol. i, p. 99, t. 62. f. 4.\nCIZE bigger than a Lark. The head, neck, and upper parts Des<\nof the body, are reddifh brown : breaft and under parts light\nyellow : the prime quills are reddifh brown; the leffer ones the\nfame, half their length from the tip, but from the middle to the\nbafe pale yellow : tail, above, reddifh brown; beneath, golden\nyellow ; the fhape cuneiform.\nThis inhabits Amboina, and is faid to fing very finely. It is\nalfo remarkable for flirting up its tail quite on the back in the\nbreeding feafon.\nLe Merle de LTfle de Bourbon, Brif. em. ii. p. 293. N\u00C2\u00B0 4. pl. 24. f. 3.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nBuf. oif. iii. p. 395.\nCI Z E of the laft : length near eight inches. Bill yellowifh : Descr\ncrown of the head black; the reft of the head, neck, and\n* Le Gobe-mouche a longue queue de Gingi, Son. Voy. Ind. ii. p. 196.\nVol. II. L breaft,\nBOURBON\nTHR, THRUSH.\nbreaft, upper parts of the body, and leffer. wing coverts, cinereous-\nolive : belly, fides, and vent, olive yellow : middle of the belly\nwhitifh: greater wing coverts brown, mixed with pale rufouaS\nflpwHs brown, edged with pale rufous, except three of the middle\nones, which are plain brown : tail brown, with two tranfvterfo\nbrown bands near the end, one of them paler than the other: the\nlegs are yellowifh.\nInhabits the Ifle of Bourbtin.\nYELLOW-\nCROWNED\nTHR.\nP_.\nMa*\nYellow-crowned Thrufh, J\nsllluh\n. p. so. pl. 22.\nCI Z E of the common Thrufh. < Bill black: crown of the head\nand cheeks pale yellow : lower part of the laft bounded by a\nblack line, extending from the bill: breaft and belly cinereous;\nthe firft marked with white and dufky fagittal lines: greater\nquills, tail, and legs, dull green.\nInhabits Ceylon and Java, where it is called Tfutju crawan. Is\nfrequently kept in cages, as it imitates, in a very lively manner,\nalmoft every note that is whittled to it.\nASH-RUMPED\nTHR.\ne Merle des Indes, Brif. o,\niii. p. 397.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. :\nr8. N\u00C2\u00B0 ip. pl. ;\nCIZE a trifle bigger than a Lark: length fix inches and a\nhalf. Bill black : upper parts of the head, neck, and back,\nblack ; lower part of the back and rump afh-colour : fides of the\nhead, and all beneath, white: thighs grey : from the bill through\nthe eyes paffes a ftreak of black: the wing coverts are of a\n10 blackifh THRUSH.\nblackifh chefnut, but the greater ones are margined with white:\nquills blackifh; the greater are white from the bafe to the middle., on the inner webs; the fecondaries white on the outer webs :\nthe tail is fomewhat cuneiform, but not flrictly fo ; the fix middle feathers are even, the others fhorten as they are more outward ; the colour of them black, with a little white at the bafe;\nthe three outer ones white on each fide; the fourth white only on\nthe margin at the tip: the legs are blackifh.\nThis inhabits the Eaft Indies, where it is called Terat-boulan.\nLe Merle dore de Madagafca\nBuf. oif. iii. p. 398.-\nV Brif. orn. i\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0Pl. enl. 539.\np. 247. N\u00C2\u00B0 .8. pl. 24. f. 2>\n'<\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 MJAtJ\u00C2\u00A3-\u00E2\u0080\u00A21\nCHEEKED\nTHR.\nC I Z E of a Lark: length five inches and three quarters. Bill Description.\nblack : the fides of the head and the throat are velvet black:\nthe general colour the fame; but each feather margined with\nyellow: quills and tail black; the laft only fixteen lines in\nlength : the legs black.\nThis is found at Madagafcar, where it is known by the name Place.\nof Saui-jala.\nLe Merle olive de St. Domingue,;Brif. orn. ii. p. 296. N\u00C2\u00B0 44. pl. z_>i-iT2\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif. iii. p. 403.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. Z7_. f. 1.\n^TPHIS is a fmall fpecies : length fix inches. Bill grey brown :\nthe plumage for the moft part is olive above, and grey\nmixed with olive beneath; but the greater wing coverts and\nxjoilis incline to brown, and have the outer edges olive, the inner\nWhitifh : the tail brown; but the two middle feathers, and outer\nL 2 margins\nJHISPANIOLA\nTHR. 100.\nSURINAM\nTurdus Surinamus, Lin. Syfl. i\np. 297. N\u00C2\u00B0 27.\nTHR.\nLe Merle d\u00C2\u00AB Surinam, Brif. or\nBuf. oif. iii. p. 399.\nn. Suppl. p. 46. N\nTurdus niger, &c. N. C. Petr.\nxi. p. 439. pl. 16. f.\nTHRUSH.\nmargins of all the others, are olive; the inner whitifh: legs\ngrey brown.\nThis inhabits Saint Domingo, and is like one found in Cayenne *, except the upper parts being more brown, and the under\nof a paler grey.\n25. pl.\" 3.\nCIZE of a Lark: length fix inches and a half. Bill blackifh : the general colour of the plumage is gloffy black, except\nthe crown of the head, which is of a beautiful yellow : on\neach fide of the breaft a pale fulvous yellow fpot: the rump of\nthe fame colour: the leffer inner wing coverts are white, forming a fpot of the fame on the wing; the under wing coverts all\nwhite : the quills are blackifh, and all of them, except the two\nouter ones, and that neareft the body, are yellow at the bafe on\nthe inner web : the legs are brown.\nThis is met with at Surinam.\nTurdus palmarum, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 295. N\u00C2\u00B0 19.\nLe Palmifte, Brif. orn. ii. p. 301. N\u00C2\u00B0 47. pl. 29. f. i. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Buf. of. iii\np. 400.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 539. f. 1.\nCIZE of a Lark : leng.\ncrown of the head, the neck, breaft, and under parts, cine-\n* Merle olive de Cayenne, Pl. enl. 558.\n1 fix inches and a half. The bill, the\n, ... neck, breaft, and under parts, cinereous : forehead and cheeks black, marked with three white\nfpots THR U S H.\nfpots on each fide, viz. one on each fide of the forehead, one\nabove, and another under each eye : the chin is white, extending beneath each cheek: upper part of the body and wings\nolive green : quills brown, with olive green edges: tail of this\nlaft colour: legs cinereous.\nThis is found at Cayenne, and is moft frequent among the\npalm-trees.\nLe Palmifle a tete noire, Brif. om. ii. p. 303. N\u00C2\u00B0 48. pl. 29. f. 2. 10\nVar.\n?T* HIS fcarcely differs from the former, except in the head, Dkscri\nwhich is wholly black, but marked with the fame kind of\nwhite fpots. It is found in the fame places, and may be con-\nfidered as differing merely in fex, and moft likely may prove\nthe male.\nLeMoloxita, ou la religieufe d'Abyffinie, Buf. oif. iii. p. 400,\ng I Z E of a Blackbird. The bill reddifh: the head is black,\nwhich defcends on the throat, and finifhes in a point on the\nbreaft: the upper parts of the body are yellow, more or lefs\ntinged with brown; the under parts pale yellow : the wing coverts and feathers of the tail are brown, bordered with yellow,\nand the quills blackifh, bordered with light grey : the legs\ncinereous.\nThis inhabits the woods of Abyflinia, and feeds on berries and\nfruits ; is frequently found in fuch trees as grow on the edges of\nprecipices, which both renders it difficult to fhoot, and to get at\nwhen killed.\nNUN THR.^\nDescription. 78\nTHRUSH.\nETHIOPIAN\nTHR.\nLe Merle noir & blanc d'Abyflinie, Buf. of. iii. p. 406.\nCIZE of a Redwing. Bill black: the upper parts of the body\nare black; the under white, and a band of white acrofs the\nwing: the tail is rounded in fhape, and the feathers fomewhat\nfquare at the ends : the legs are black.\nFound in the woods of Abyffinia, and has a note not unlike\na Cuckow. It keeps among the thickeft part of the foliage : and\nfeeds on berries and fruits.\n104.\nABYSSINIAN\nTHR.\nDescription.\nLe Merle brun d'AbyfEnie^ Bssf. of. iii. p. 407.\nCIZE of the laft. The upper parts brown : quills and tail\ndeeper brown, bordered with paler: throat pale brown: under parts fulvous yellow : legs black.\nFound in Abyfitn^a^ and is faid to feed on the flower of a particular kind of palm-tree, where it is met with in fmall numbers.\nBefides this, it feeds on grapes in the feafon.\nYELIOW-\nBREASTED\nTHR.\nLe petit Merle brun a gorge roufTe de Cayenne, Buf. of. iii. p. 403.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nPl. enl. 644. f. 2.\nCIZE of a Goldfinch: length five inches. Bill of a dufky\nafh-colour : general colour of the plumage brown, with a lit\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nllftpjixfuis of a paler brown between the wings: the chin, throat,\nand breaft, rufou,8cy\u00C2\u00A3UPW : the tail one inch and a half in length :\nlegs greenjft^ yellow. >\nInhabits Cayenne.\nLe THRUSH.\n\u00C2\u00A3* Verdin de la Cochin Chine, Buf. of. iii. p. 409.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Pl. enl. 643. f. 3.\nCIZE of a Goldfinch. General colour green, inclining to blue\ntowards the tail, and outer edges of the quills : the fpace\nbetween the bill and eye, the chin and throat, are black : on\nthe fides at the root of the bill are two fmall blue fpots : the\nblack on the throat is furrounded with yellow, which is very\nbroad beneath, forming a crefcent on the breaft: the bill and the\nlegs are dufky.\nFrom Cochin China.\nBLACK-\nCH1NNED\nTHR.\nLe Merle a Cravate de Cayenne, Buf. of. iii. p. 392.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl, enl. 560. f. 2.\n'\"PHIS fpecies is lefs than a Redwing: length about feven\ninches. The bill black, and curved at the point: the upper\nparts of this bird, the quills, and tail, are cinnamon-colour: belly,\nthighs, and vent, the fame, but paler: the chin, fides of the\nhead, under the eyes, the throat, and breaft, are black, bordered\nall round with white, which is a little clouded with dufky on the\nbreaft: wing coverts black; the leffer ones tipped with white ;\nthe middle and greater ones with rufous : the tail is about two\ninches in length : the legs black.\nI have feen feveral of thefe which had the black cravat mottled\nwith white, which I took for young birds, as they were fomewhat\nlefs in fize.\nInhabits Cayenne.\n107.\nBL^felt-\nBREASTED\nTHR.\nDescription. THRUSH.\nRUFOUS THR. Le Merlc roux -e Cayenne\u00C2\u00BB Buf- W* m- P- ^z.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 644. f. 1.\nDescription, t N flze this is rather fmaller than a Lark, and is fix inches and\na half in length. The bill is nearly ftrait, except juft at\nthe tip, and of a blackifh colour: the top of the head, and all\nthe upper parts of the body, quills, and tail, are brown; but the\nwing coverts are black bordered with yellow: the forehead,\nfides, above the eye, and all the under parts, from the chin to the\nvent, are rufous: the under tail coverts are white; and the tail,\nwhich is two inches and a quarter in length, afh-colour : the legs\nafe cinereous.\nPlace. Inhabits Cayenne.\nPlace and\nManners.\nL'arada, Buf. oif. iv.\nLe Muficien de Caye:\np. 480.\nne, Pl. enl. 706.\nT ENGTH four inches. Bill nearly ftrait, except a flight\ncurve at the tip ; colour black : the top of the head, and all\nthe upper parts of the body, the wings, tail, and thighs, are\nrufous brown, tranfverfely ftriated with dufky or blackifh : the\nchin, fides under the eye, and throat, are rufous orange : on\neach fide of the neck, beneath the eye, a broad patch of black\nfpotted with white : the breaft, belly, and vent, dufky white : the\ntail one inch long : the legs are yellowifh.\nThis inhabits Cayenne, where it feeds on ants, and other infects.\nIt is a folitary bird, moft frequently being found perched fingly\non a tree, never defcending but for the fake of its food. It is\nmuch regarded for its fong, which is fo fine as to entitle it to the\nname of Mufician among the inhabitants* It is faid firft to repeat\nfeven THRUSH.\nfeven notes of the octave; after which it whiftles feveral airs of\ndifferent tones and accents, much refembling a flute; and is by\nfome thought fuperior to the Nightingale. At other times its\nnote is much like one man whiffling to another, fo as to deceive\nany perfon.\nIt is feldom obferved near inhabited places ; frequenting deep\nforefts for the fake of folitude.\nAnother bird, by the name of Arada, is likewife mentioned,\nwhich differs in having the tip of the bill more bent; a white\nbreaft, with a half collar of black beneath it, and the upper fur-\nface of the plumage uniformly rufous, without the brown lines.\nThis alfo is found at Cayenne.\nLe Coraya\nM.efiv.\nCIZE of a Nightingale: le\nlike that of a Thrufh : th\np. 484.\nigth five in\nb top of the\n\nl. 701. f. 1\nand a half,\nid is black, which\ndefcends on each fide of the neck, where it gradually leffens, and\nends in a point ; in the middle of this the eye is placed, and beneath the eye are feveral flender fhort white ftreaks : the chin and\nthroat are white, inclining to cinereous on the breaft : the upper\nparts of the body, the. wings, breaft, belly, and thighs, are rufous\nbrown, but paleft beneath: the under tail coverts, and tail, are\ngrey, marked with feveral flender blackifh bars : the fhape of the\ntail is cuneiform, two inches in length : legs pale yellow.\nBARRED-TAIL\nTHR.\nBill DESCR\nBUFF-WINGED\nTHR.\nT ENGTH fix inches and a half. Bill one inch, flout, and\nnotched at the tip : crown of the head black: the upper\nparts of the body, wings, and tail, dark afh-colour: wing coverts\nVol. II. M barred 17 2.\nWHITE-\nBACKED THR.\nTHRUSH.\nbarred with buff: quills brown : under parts of the body dull\nrufous : tail two inches and a half in length ; fhape of it fomewhat\n(^herforVn: legs brown.\nSuppofed to come from Cayenne. Seen, among others, in a\ncollection from that place.\nL'Alapi de Cayei\nBuf. oif. iv. p. 485.-\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 701. f. 2.\nA\nTrifle bigger than the laft : length fix inches. The\nthroat, fore part of neck, and breaft, are black; the reft of\nthe under parts afh-colour: the upper part of the head, 'neck,\nand back, are olive brown : the wings deep cinereous brown: on\nthe middle of the back is a white fpot; and the wing coverts are\nmarked with fmall fpots of the fame: the tail is cuneiform and\nblackifh : the legs pale yellow.\nThe female wants the white fpot on the back: the chin is\nwhite : the reft of the under parts incline to rufous : the fides of\nthe vent, and under tail coverts, greyifh afh ; and the tips of the\nwing coverts pale rufous. It has alfo the upper parts of the\nbody paler than in the male. Befides this, it is obferved that the\ncolours of both male and female differ from variety.\nThefe two laft are found in the thick woods of Guiana, where\nthey are found in vafl troops running on the ground, and leaping\nat times on the low branches of trees, but fly very feldom to\nany diftance ; are very agile birds ; feed on ants; and have a quavering kind of note, followed by a fharp cry, often repeated,\nwhen anfweringone another. THRUSH.\nLe Fourmilier huppe, Buf. of. iv. p. 476,\nTHE length of this fpecies is fix inches. The irides are\nblack : the top of the head is furnifhed with a creft of long\nblack feathers, which can be erected at pleafure: the throat is\nblack and white mixed: fore part of the neck and breaft black;\nthe reft of the plumage greyifh afh-colour : the wing coverts are\ntipped with white: the tail is two inches and a third in length,\nthe fhape cuneiform, margined and tipped with white: in fome\nindividuals the wing coverts are of a plain afh-colour.\nThe female has the creft as well as the male, but in her it is\nrufous. There is alfo a rufous tinge throughout the grey in the\nreft of the plumage.\nThefe inhabit Cayenne, where they breed feveral times in a\nyear, and lay three eggs at a time. Their cry is like that of a\nyoung chicken. Feed on ants, as the laft.\nLe Carrilloneur, Buf. of. iv. p. 478.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 700. f. 2.\nT ENGTH four inches. The bill is black above and white\nbeneath; not remarkably flout: the top and fides of the\nhead are white, fpotted with black: over the eye paffes a broad\nblack ftreak, and a narrow one from behind the eye, blending it-\nfelf with the former at the loweft part: the chin is white : the\nbreaft flefh-colour, marked with fmall black fpots: the back,\nwings, and tail, are brown, but deepeft on the back: the wing\ncoverts fpotted with white : the rump, belly, and vent, are rufous\norange : the thighs cinereous: legs dufky.\nM 1 This\nCHIMING THR. THRUSH.\nThis inhabits Cayenne and the-deep forefts of Guiana ; and has\nthe general habits of the reft : but befides thefe, fome peculiar to\nitfelf. It never mixes with the others, though the fame food fuf-\nfices it; being met with in fmall flocks of half a dozen, and has\na Angular cry; all together giving an idea of a chime of three\nbells of different tones, and very loud. It is fuppofed that each\nbird has thefe three tones in itfelf, and not that they are different\nin each bird; but this is not certain. This cry they make often\nfor whole hours without ceafing.\nI do not find that the bird is found in very great plenty ;. perhaps on account of the difficulty of accefs to the place of its\nrefort.\nLe Bambla, Buf. of. iv. p. tfg.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 703. f. 2.\nCIZE of a Sparrow : length five inches and a half. Bill\nftrait, except at the tip, where it is a little curved\"; the colour\nblack: the upper part of the head,-body, and rump, are mottled*\nrufous brown: the under parts pale afh-colour, mottled with\ndufky : the wings are black, with a white band acrofs them : the\ntail is half an inch only in length, and dufky:. the legs, are\nblackifh brown.\nThis is found at Cayenne, where it is very rare. The manners\nare unknown.\nLe Fourmilier a oreilles blanches, Buf. oif. iv. 477.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 832.-\nC I Z E of a Sparrow: length four inches and three quarters-\nThe bill is dufky, almoft three quarters of an inch in length,\nand rather flout: the top of the head is rufous brown, communi-\n1 o gating THRUSH.\neating with a collar of the fame, half an inch broad, on the\nbreaft: the chin and throat are black: from behind the eye de-\nfcends on each fide the neck a gloffy white ftreak, compofed of\nelongated feathers, and broader than the reft : the lower part of\nthe neck, the back, wings, and tail, are mixed rufous olive brown:\nthe belly, thighs, and vent, are white : the legs are dufky : the\ntail is an inch and a quarter long, and the wings reach to the end\nof it.\nThe female has the head and upper parts like the male: from\nthe gape a greenifh band paffes through the eye, under the white\near feathers :. the chin and throat are white, and the rufous band\non the breaft is much broader: the reft of the under parts and\nlegs as in the male.\nThefe inhabit Cayenne with the others, and have, like them,\nthe general manners of the whole race of Ant-eaters.\nLe Colma, Buf. of. iv. p. 475.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 703. f. 1\nRUFOUS-NAP-\nED THR.\nT ENGTH near feven inches. Bill nearly blackifh : the upper Descriptio\nparts of the body, wings,, and tail, are rufous brown, with a\ncollar of rufous.at the back part of the neck juft below the hind-\nhead : at the bafe of the noftrils is a fpot of white : the chin\nand throat are white; the laft mottled with black : the breaft is\ngreyifh brown; and the belly, thighs, and'vent, cinereous : the tail\nis fhort, abou^t an inch and a quarter long : the legs reddifh\nbrown.\nSome of thefe differ in. wanting the rufous mark.at the. nape of\nthe neck.\nInhabits Cayenne. PlaCE* ALARUM THR.\nTHRUSH.\nLe Tetema, Buf, oif. vol. iv. p. 475\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 821.\nCIZE of the laft; from whichit differs in that the whole of the\nunder parts, as well as thofe above, are of a daik brown . but\nthe back part of the head and neck are of a deep rufous. The\nbill is partly the fame ; but the legs are paler in colour.\nThis is found with the laft; and Buffon fuppofes this to be the\nmale and the former the female.\nLe Grand Befroi, Buf, oif. iv. p. 470. pl. 22.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 706. f. 1.\nLev. Muf.\nT ENGTH fix inches and a half. Bill black above, white beneath, and rather flout, fomewhat bent near the end : the\ncolour of the plumage is brown above, and white beneath, marbled\nwith dufky on the breaft: the tail is fixteen lines long, and even\nat the end : legs pale lead-colour, and an inch and a half in\nlength.\nThe female is bigger than the male, and the individuals differ\nmuch in colour from one another.\nThis bird inhabits Cayenne; and has a remarkable cry, to be\nheard morning and evening, very loud and piercing, like the\nlafum of a clock, for about an hour each time. This perhaps\nmay be thought the call of love, which in the colder climates is\nobferved in the breeding feafon ; but, as Buffon juftly remarks,\nwill not be confined to times or feafons in the warmer regions,\nbeing lefs fixed than in colder ones; whence their having this note\nat all times of the year may be accounted for. This is efteemed\ngood food. THRUSH.\nLe petit Befroi, Buf. oif. iv. p. 472.\nFourmiher grivele de Cayenne, Pl. enl. 823. f. 1.\nSPECKLED\nTHR.\n'TPHIS is lefs than the laft, meafuring in length only five inches Description.\nand an half. The bill is brown : the upper parts of the\nbody olive brown; as are the rump, belly, and vent, but paler:\nthe chin and throat are white : the breaft and belly the fame,\nfpeckled with fmall numerous brown fpots: fides of the neck,\nfrom the eye to the wings, daftied with flender white lines, and\nfome of the wing coverts fpotted with pale rufous or buff: the\nlegs are pale brown.\nThis is found in the fame places as the laft. Buffon feems to Place.\nthink them varieties ; but on comparifon this laft feems to have a\nflenderer bill in proportion, and the tail longer, than in the former\nfpecies.\nLe Palikour, ouFourmilier, Buf. of. iv. p. 473.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Pl. enl 700. f. 1.\n'\"T'HIS is of the fize of a Lark: length fix inches. The bill is rjE,\none inch long, black, and ftrait except at the end, where\nit is a trifle hent : the irides are reddifh, and the eye placed in a\nblue fkin: the upper parts of the bird are rufous brown, margined with rufous : the tail is very fhort, not one inch in length,\nand wholly rufous : on the middle of the back is a patch of black :.\nthe wings are black; moft of the coverts tipped with rufous\nyellow : the baftard wing white: fome of the leffer quills have\nbrown ends, and the outer edges of others are wh'ite : the chin,\nthroat, and breaft, are black, wholly furrounded by a mixture of\nblack and white from the noftrils, paffing all round on each fide-\n6 efi\" THRUSH.\nof the neck to the breaft, taking in the eye, under which it is\nbroadeft : the belly, thighs, and vent, are afh-colour : the legs\nblueifh.\nThis bird is found with the others, and is faid to have a tremulous note, ending in a fharp fhort cry. The neft is made of\nmofs; and the eggs are brown, the fize of thofe of a Sparrow,\nmarked with fpots of a deeper colour at the larger end.\nThefe are lively birds, but feldom fly to any diftance; and are\noften feen running up the trees like the Creeper and Woodpecker,\nfupporting themfelves by the tail. Are fubject to variety. In\nfome fpecimens the chin and throat are rufous, bounded with\nblack, inflead of being wholly black ; the ends of the tail-\nfeathers black ; and a bed of white between the fhoulders.\nIn others, the middle of the chin and throat is nearly white ;\nand in all of them the belly and vent are cinereous, and the thighs\nin fome few rufous brown.\nL'Avurin, Buf. oif. iii. p. 410. iv. p. 470.\nMerle de la Guiane, Pl. enl. 355.\n'\"PHIS exceeds a Blackbird in fize, and is eight inches and a\nhalf in length. Bill one inch, brown : the top of the head\nto the nape is black : from the noftrils, over the eye, paffes an\norange band, meeting at the neck behind : from the gape fprings\na broad ftripe of black, taking in the eye, and paffing on each\nfide the neck to the back: the chin and throat are pale yellow:\non the breaft is a broad band of blue : the back, feapulars, and adjoining wing coverts, reddifh brown; but thofe next the outer\npart and quills are black, except the greater wing coverts, which\nhave a white tip, forming an oblique indented band on the\nwing:\ni THRUSH.\nwing': the tail is two inches and a half only in length, cuneiform,\nand of a blue colour : all the under parts of the body, from the\nbreaft to the vent, are tranfverfely ftriped with blue and yellow\nalternate : the legs are brown.\nThis inhabits Guiana, and is a.rare fpecies: It feems to ftand\nbetween the Crow genus and that of the Thrufh, properly belonging to neither, and placed by us at the heels of the laft, from\nmany characterises denoting its near alliance.\n%9\nLe Roi des Fourmilliers, Buf. oif. iv. p. J_.6S.-Pl. enl. 702.\nrT*HIS is as large in the body as the Miffel Thrufh, yet from the\nfhortnefs of the tail is only feven inches and a half in\nlength. The bill is brown, and meafures lefs than an inch and a\nquarter; is flout at the bafe, and bent towards the point; and,\nwere the noftrils covered with reflected briftles, would pafs for one\nof the Crow genus; the bafe is befet with a few briftles : the\nplumage on the upper parts of the body is rufous brown, darkeft\non the back and wing coverts, each feather of which has a pale\nfhaft: the quills are dufky : the back part of the head is lead-\ncolour : the forehead, to the middle of the crown, is mixed white\nand brown : the under parts of the body are paler rufous brown,\nchanging to whitifh towards the vent, and clouded with buff on\nthe breaft : from the fide of the under jaw is a ftreak of white,\nand on the middle of the breaft is a triangular patch of the fame :\nthe tail is very fhort, only fourteen lines long, juft peeping from\nthe rump: the legs are long, of a reddifh colour, and bare above\nthe knee, but the thighs are fhort: the claws are pale. The\nfemale bigger than the male.\nVol. II.\nN\nThis THRUSH.\nThis bird inhabits South America, chiefly Guiana and Brafil,\nin the neighbourhood of large ant-hills, on the inhabitants of\nwhich it chiefly feeds, as do feveral other fpecies; many forts of\nwhich unite together into bands : but what is obfervable in this\nfpecies, it is feldom feen except one in a flock of the others, or\nat moft a pair.\nThefe birds for the moft part keep on the ground, and appear\nlefs active than thofe which it keeps company with. The flefh\nis accounted very good to eat.\nThis, like the laft, is an intermediate fpecies between the two\ngenera before-mentioned, but on inflection is neareft that of the\nCrow ; and had we then been lucky enough to have feen the real\nbird, which has been the cafe fince, it would have been placed at\nthe end of tjhat genus*\nGenus I 91 3\nGenus XXXII. CHATTERER.\nN\u00C2\u00B0 6. Pompadour Ch.\nVar. A. GreyCh.\n7. RedCh.\n8. Carunculated Ch.\n9. Variegated Ch.\nN6i. Waxen Ch.\nVar. A. Carolina Ch.\na. Purple-breafted Ch.\n3. Purple-throated Ch.\n4. Blue-breafted Ch.\n5. Silky Ch.\nBILL ftrait, convex, bending towards the point; near the end\nof the upper mandible a fmall notch.\nNoftrils hid in the briftles.\nMiddle toe connected to the outer at the bafe *.\nAll of this genus are natives of America, except the firft-de-\nfcribed.\np. 299. i.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Faun. Suec. N\u00C2\u00B0 %z.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Muller,p. 30.\n-Frifch. pl. 32.\nt. ii. p. 333. 63.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif. iii. p. 429. pl. 26.\n.f.g.\nAmpelis Garrulus, Lin. Syfl,\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094Kram. el. p. 363.\nLanius Garrulus, Scop, ann\nLe Jafeur de Boheme, Brf.\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 261.\nSilk Tail, Rait Syn. p. 8$. A.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Phil, tranf vol. xv. p. 1165. pl\nBohemian Chatterer, Will. orn. p. 132. pl. 20.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Albin. ii. pl. 26,\nWaxen Chatterer, Br. Zool. N\u00C2\u00B0 112.pl. 48.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Aril. Zool.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nClZE of a large Lark? length eight inches. Bill black, irides\nreddifh : the feathers on the crown of the head elongated into\na creft: the head and upper parts of the bird are of a reddifh'\n- WAXEN CH.\n\u00C2\u00BB Gen. of Birds.\nN a\nafh- CHATTERER.\nafh-colour, inclining much to the laft on the rump: from the\nnoftrils, over each eye, paffes a ftreak of black to the hind head :\nchin black : forehead chefnut: the breaft and belly pale purplifh\nchefnut, growing white towards the vent: the leffer wing coverts\nare brown ; the greater, farthefl from the body, black, with white\ntips, forming a bar : the quills are black, the third and fourth\ntipped on the outer margins with white, the five following with\nyellow; the fecondaries are afh-colour, tipped on the outer edge\nwith white ; befides which, as far as eight of thefe feathers have\nthe end of the fhafts continued into a flat horny appendage, of the\ncolour of fine red fealing-wax : the tail is black, tipped with\nyellow: legs black.\nIt is faid that the females want the red appendages at the end\nof the fecond quills *, as well as the yellow marks on the\nwings f.\nThis is ranked among the Britifh birds, but is only feen with\nus at uncertain times; fuppofed to breed in Bohemia, and other\nparts of Germany, but probably its fummer refidence is more\nnorthward \. Thefe birds are indeed common in Germany every\nyear, but moft fo once in feven. With us, obferved to be moft\n* This is probable, fince it is certainly fo in the American fpecies. But thefe\nbirds vary much in this charafiteriftic; for I have obferved fo few as five in fome\nfpecimens ; and Buffon mentions having feen a bird with feven on one wing, and\nfive on the other, as well as others with three only-\nf This is not clear to me. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 The American, or next fpecies, has no yellow on\nthe wings in either fex. I have never met with one of thefe without.\n% It is feen in plenty both at St. Peterfburgh and Mofcovx, in the winter ; but\ncomes from the north, and departs again to the Arelic circle in fpring; nor is it\never known to breed in Ruffla. It is fcarce in Sibiria, and has not been obferved beyond the river Lena. Mr. Pennant.\nplenty CHATTERER.\nplenty in the northern parts of the ifland, vifiting annually the\nneighbourhood of Edinburgh during winter; and feeds on the\nberries of the mountain afh; difappearing in fpring *. They have\nalfo been killed in Northumberland and Torkfhire frequently, as\nwell as now and then as far fouth as our metropolis f, and are not\nunfrequently met with both in France and Italy. From our little\nknowledge of the native place of thefe birds, little can be faid of\nthe neft, further than that it is faid to make it in the holes of\nrocks _{:. The general food is berries of all kinds, and in the feafon\ngrapes, of which they are faid to be fond. In countries where they\nare plenty, are efteemed good food.\nAmpelis Garrulus, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 299. I. 8.\nLe Jafeurde la Caroline, Brif. orn. ii. p. 337.\nLGatjoautototl, Rail Syn. p. 174.\nChatterer of Carolina, Edw. pl. 2i_z.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Catefb. Car.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\n,\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif. iii. p. 441.\npl. 46.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Arff. Zool.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0kVar. A.\nCAROLINA\nCH.\n'TpHIS is lefs than the European fpecies, and is much like it, D\nbut the belly is of a pale yellow inftead of red : both\nfexes have the wings of a plain colour.\nThe female has no appendages at the ends of the fecond quills;\nand the plumage is lefs lively than in the male.\nThis fpecies is found in America, from the more northern parts\nto Carolina and Mexico \ ; but authors do not inform us of the\nescriptio:\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Br. Zool. Flor. Scot,\nt Phil, tranf.\u00E2\u0080\u0094One of thefe was fhot at Eltham, in the winter 1781, and is\nbow in my col.edt.ion.\nt In Tartary. Frifch.\nI) And that it frequents the mountains (Fernandez). Buffon alfo has met with\none which came from Cayenne,\n5 manners C H A T T ER E R,\nmanners or incubation, any more than of the laft-mentioned.\nAt Quebec it is called the Recollecl +, in Carolina, the Chatterer.\nOur late voyagers met with this bird at Aoonalafhka ^.\nAmpelis Cotinga, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 298. 4.\nLe Cotinga, Brif. om. ii. p. 340. pl. 34. f. I.\nLe Cotinga du Brefil, PL enl. 188. the male, 186. th-female,\n. Le Cordon bleu, Buf, of. iv. p. 442. pl 21.\nPurple-breafledblueManakin, Edw. pl. 241.\nCock purple-breafled Manakin, Edw. pl. 340.\u00E2\u0080\u0094-Gen. of Birds, p. 63. pl. 9.\nLev. Muf.\nCIZE of the Song Thrufh: length eight inches three quarters.\nThe bill is black : the head,* all the upper parts of the body, and\nwing coverts, are of a rich gloffy blue : the greater coverts, quills,\nand tail, black: the throat, andfore part of the neck, purple, marked\nwith three or four patches of bright fcarlet, irregularly placed:\nacrofs the breaft a belt of blue ; and beneath another of fcarlet ||;\nthe reft of the under parts of a fine blue : legs blackifh.\nThe female has the upper parts of a fine blue, and the under,\nas far as the breaft, purple: belly and vent blue; the blue in fome\nparts clouded with a little black : quills, tail, and legs, as in the\nother.\nInhabits Brafil.\nt Perhaps from the fimilarity of the creft 0\nof friers.\n% Mts's Voy. ii. p. 15.\n;|| This is wanting in many fpecimens.\nplumage to the habit of this order\nAmpelis CHATTERER.\n95\nAmpelis Cayana, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 2g8. 6.\nLe Cotinga de Cayenne, Brif. om\nLe Quereiva, Buf. oif iv. p. 444.\nLev. Muf.\np. 344. 3. pi. 34. f. 3.\u00E2\u0080\u0094?/. enl. 624;\nPURPLE-\nTHROATED\nCH.\nqIZE of the Redwing: length eight inches and a quarter.\nBill black: the general colour of the plumage blue green,\nwith a mixture of black, the feathers being of this laft colour, with\nthe tips only blue green, fo that the colours feem mixed: the\nchin, throat, and fore part of the neck, of a moft beautiful purplifh\ncrimfon : the greater wimg coverts are black, edged with blue:\nthe quills black, fringed with blue : the tail and legs black-\nInhabits Cayenne.\nDescription.\nAmpelis terfa, Lin. Syfl\". i. p. 29S\nLa Terfine, Buf. oif. iv. p. 446.\nBLUE-BREASTED CH.\n'\"PHIS fpecies has the upper part of the head, the fhoulders, Des<\nquills, and tail, black 1 the outer edge of the quills blueifh :\nthe throat, breaft, lower part of the back, and a band on the\nwing coverts, of a pale blue : the belly yellowifh- white, deepeft\non the fides.\nLinmeus does not mention its native place; it may be feme\npart of South America. Buffon thinks it likely to prove a female;.\nif fo* perhaps of the laft fpecies. CHATTERER.\nAmpelis Maynana, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 298. 5.\nCotinga des Maynas, Brif. om. ii. p. 341. z.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 229.\nLe Cotinga a Plumes Soyeufes, Buf. oif. iv. p. 447.\nLev. Muf.\n'TPHE length feven inches and a quarter. Bill brown: the\nfeathers of the head and hind part of the neck are long and\nnarrow, and of a fine blue; the bafe of them brown : the chin and\nthroat deep purple: the back and rump, fore part of the neck,\n.and from thence to the vent, of the fame blue as the head; but\nthe feathers are white at the bafe, and blue only at the tips, the\nintermediate part being of a violet purple; fo that, except the\nfeathers lie exactly over each other, this laft colour feems mixed\nwith the blue: the thighs are brown: the quills and tail are\nblackifh brown; the outer margins and ends blue; but the outer\nones only brown: the legs are black. The feathers of this bird\nhave the appearance of filky hairs, ferving to diftinguifh it from I\nthe others ; and the blue in fome lights appears green.\nThis beautiful fpecies inhabits the province of Maynas, in\nSouth America.\nAmpelis Pompadora, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 298. 2.\nLe Cotinga Pourpre, Brif. orn. ii. p. 347. 5. pl. 33. f. I.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 279.\nLe Pacapac, ou Pompadour, Buf. oif. iv. p. 448.\nThe Pompadour, Edw. pl. 341.\nLev. Muf.\nT ENGTH feven inches and a half. Bill brown : the plumage\nin general is of a fine gloffy purple : the leffer wing coverts\nthe fame; but the greater ones are narrow, long, and hollowed\nbeneath, the upper furface appearing ridged, and the tips bare of\nwebs; CHATTERER.\nwebs; fome of thefe are two inches in length, and hang in an elegant manner over the quills; the fhafts of them are white : the\nquills are all white, except juft the tips of fome of the greater\nones, which are brown: the legs are black.\nLe Cotinga gris-pourpre,\nrif. om. ii. p. 349. 6. pl. 35. f. 2\n-Lev. Muf.\n-Buf. oif. i\nVar. A.\nGREY CH.\nHPHIS is rather fmaller, aud variegated with brown along with De\u00C2\u00ABcr;\nthe purple : the under tail coverts rofe-colour, and the tail itfelf brown.\nThis is moft certainly a young bird, not in full plumage.\nI have alfo feen one wholly grey brown, in a collection fent from\nCayenne, which moft likely was a female. Buffon mentions one of\nthis fort wholly grey.\nThis fpecies frequents Cayenne and Guiana; at the laft place it\nappears about the inhabited parts twice in a year, in Marsh and\nSeptember, and fhifts its quarters to other parts in the intermediate\nfeafons: it feeds on fruits, and moftly frequents the borders\nof rivers, making the neft on the higheft branches of trees; but is\nnever met with in the woods. The natives of Guiana call it\nFacapac.\nPlace akb\nManners.\nAmpelis carnifex, Lin. Syfl. i.p. 298. 3.\nLe Cotinga rouge, Brif. orn. ii. p. 351, 7.-\n i ou L'Ouette, Buf. of. i\n'Sled Bird from Surinam, Edw. pl. _g.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0Pl. enl. 378.\n-. p. 452.\nCIZE of the Grofbeak: length feven inches. Bill dull red: the Desc:\nfeathers of the head are long, and may be erected into a creft\nVol. II. O at CHATTERER.\nat will: this part, the lower part of the back, rump, lower part of\nthe belly, thighs, and vent, are of a bright crimfon : the feathers-\non the reft of the body of a dullifh red, with dufky tips : the tail\ncrimfon, with the ends black : the legs dirty yellow, and the hititM\npart of them hairy.\nThe female is of a red brown throughout, but the wings and\ntail marked at the ends as in the male.\nThis bird is found at Cayenne, Guiana, and other parts of South\nAmerica, and has much the fame manners as the Pompadour, but is-\nmore common. It is called by the Creoles Ouette,. from its cry..\nLe Cotinga blanc, Brif. orn. ii. p. '356. 1\u00C2\u00A9.\n , ou Guirapanga, Buf. oif. iv. p. 454.\u00E2\u0080\u0094P/_ enl, 793. 794.\n'THE length of this elegant fpecies is twelve inches. The bill\nan inch and a half long* and black; at the bafe is a flefhy\ncaruncle,, hanging over it, like that of a Turkey Cock, being more\nor lefs dilatable, as far as two inches in length,, and may be even\nerected quite upright: the whole plumage of the male is of a pure\nwhite, except a flight tinge of yellow on the rump, quills, and\ntail:: the legs are black.\nThe female is furnifhed with the fame caruncle as the male: the\nupper parts of the plumage olive grey: forehead and cheeks\nwhite : throat grey, edged with olive: breaft and upper part of\nthe belly the fame, tipped with, yellow : lower part of the belly,,\nand vent,.pale yellow : the two middle tail-feathers like the back;,\nthe others grey, edged with yellow.\nThefe birds inhabit Cayenne and Brafil,. and are faid to have a\nvery loud-voice, to be heard half a league off, which is compofed\nmerely of two fyllables, in,-an, uttered in a draw&hg kind oftefiessi\nx. though. duw~^y eAoA^w. CHATTERER.\nthough fome have compared it to the found of a bell.\n.Jilian name is Guira^panga, or Quira-panga.\n99\nLe Cotinga tachete, Brif. orn. ii\nL'Averano, Buf. oif, iv. p. 457.\nGuira-punga, Rati Syn..p. \66.-1\n\u00C2\u00BB. 354. 9.\n-Will, orn\np. r99. pl. 38.\nVARIEGATED\nCH.\nrpHIS is much larger than our Miffel Thrufh. The bill is an\ninch long, and black; the gape very wide : irides blue\nblack : under the throat, and on the fore part of the neck, are\nt>lack flefhy wattles, an inch long, hanging down before, of the figure of the point of a fpear: down the middle of the breaft the\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0feathers divide, giving the appearance of a furrow : the head is\ncovered with dark brown feathers : the neck, breaft, belly, h^clc.,\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2and thighs, are afh-coloured, having a mixture of black on the\n'back, and of green on the rump : the leffer wing coverts are\nblack; the greater, black and dull green mixed : quills blackifh :\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0tail afh-coloured, mixed with blackifh and green : legs blackifh.\nThe female is lefs than the male: the plumage wholly of a\nblackifh colour, with a mixture of brown and green9 verging moft\nto brown on the back, and to green beneath: the wattles on the\nsthroat and neck are wanting in this fex.\nThis fpecies inhabits Brafil, and has a loud voice, which may he\nheard a great way off-; but this is only for about fix weeks, in the\n^height of fummer*, in December and January: it is of two kinds;\none like that of a hammer ftriking a wedge, the other fimilar to\nthe noife of a cracked belk During the reft of the year, it is\nwholly filent.\nr \"Hence cajled by the Portuguefe Ave de V>erant\n*'\u00C2\u00BBlrd. [ ioo J\nGenus XXXIII. COLY.\nN\u00C2\u00B0 4. Radiated C.\n5. Panayan C..\nN\u00C2\u00B0 1. Cape C.\n2. Senegal C,\n3. White-backed C\nBILL convex above,, ftrait beneath, fhort, and thick; the\nupper mandible curved downwards..\nNoftrils fmall, placed at the bafe, and almoft hid by the\nfeathers-\nTongue not the length of the bill, laciniated at the end.\nToes divided to the origin.\nOf this race of Birds Linnaus knew but two ,- one of which he\nplaced with his Shrikes, the other with the Grofbeaks, contrary to\nthe fentiments of Briffon, who had put them in a genus by themfelves. Mr. Pennant has judicioufly united them again into one,\nand we here think right to follow his example; as, on inveftiga-\ntion, there is not a doubt of not only thofe, but all the following*,\nbeing of one and the fame genus.\nLoxia Colius, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 301. N\u00C2\u00B0 12 *.\nLe Colioiidu Cap de Bonne Efperance, Brif. orn. iii. p. 304. pl. 16. f. 2.\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif. iv. p. 404.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 282. f. 1.\nLev. Muf.\nCIZE of a Chaffinch: length ten inches and a quarter. Bill*\ngrey, with a dufky black tip : the head and neck are vina-\n* So far as Linnaeus gives us a fpecific diftin&ion of fpecies, the fynonym\nright; but in the end he defcribes fome other bird by miftake; which he fays C O L Y.\nceous afh-colour: back, rump, feapulars, and upper wing coverts, afh-colour : upper tail coverts purplifh chefnut: breaft vi-\nnaceous : from thence to the vent, dirty white: under wing\ncoverts black: tail afh-colour, greatly cuneiform in fhape; the\nouter feathers not more than ten lines in length, and white on\nthe outer web : legs grey: claws dufky black.\nInhabits the Cape of Good Hope.\nLanius macrourus, Lin. Syfl. i. p.\nLe Coliou huppe de Senegal, Brif.\noif. iv. p. 404, pl. 1\n34.N\u00C2\u00B0S.\np. 306, pi. 16. f. 3.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf.\nPL enl. 282. f. 2,\nCIZE of the laft: length twelve inches and a half. The bill Description.\ngrey at the bafe, and black at the tip : general colour of the\nplumage a pale grey, which has a vinaceous tinge on the head,\nneck, and breaft : the feathers on the top and hind part of the\nhead are of a fea-green colour, and longer than the reft, forming\na creft: quills and tail grey brown, the laft inclining to blue, and\nthe fhaft brown ; the feathers of unequal length, the middle ones\nbeing near eight inches long, and fhorten by degrees to the outer\nones, which are lefs than one inch.\nInhabits SenegaL. Place.\n-t-WHITE-\nT ENGTH twelve inches. The upper mandible white at the BACKED C.\nbafe, and black the reft of its length ;. the under white : ge- P:\" XLI*\nneral colour of the plumage blueifh afh-colour: the head is\nis cinereous, fpotted with grey: beneath brown, marked with round white\nfpots, a purple head, and a forked black tail. I cannot fay that I recoiled fuch\na bird.\nS- greatly C O L Y.\ngreatly crefted, fome of the feathers longer than the head itfelf,\nand when erected fland quite upright, and are pointed in fhape :\nthe under parts, from the breaft, are dirty white; near the vent\nquite white: the lower part of the back, the rump, and upper\ntail coverts, are purple, with a ftripe of pure white the whole\nway down the middle: the tail is very long, and cuneiform, as in\nthe two others, and the fhafts chefnut; the two outer feathers\nhave the outer webs white, and are only an inch and a half in\nlength : the legs are very flout, of a fine red colour, and all the\nfour toes placed forward, as iu the Swift: the claws are likewife\nlarge, hooked, and dufky.\nI received two fpecimens of the above from the Cape of\nGood Hope, and it is perhaps only a variety of the others; but\nthe Angularity of all the toes being placed forwards is ftriking,\nand it would be well to obferve whether it is fo in the others before defcribed: to know this, the birds fhould be obferved upon\nthe fpot, or at leaft before they are placed in attitude, left the\noperator, who cannot be fuppofed to pay regard to what he may\ncall trivial diftinctions, may deceive the eye of the naturalift.\nRADIATED Le Coliou raye, Buf. oif. iv. p. 405.\nC.\n\u00C2\u00A9escr-iption. T ENGTH thirteen inches. Bill black above, whitifh beneath: the plumage above is of a dull grey, with a light\ntinge of lilac, which inclines to red on the rump and tail: the\nbreaft is rufous grey, and the belly rufous; both tranfverfely\nffriped with brown: the tail is green, and greatly cuneiform,\nlike that of the others ; the two middle feathers are eight inches\nand a half in length.\n>?t^e_. Found ia the neighbourhood of the Cape of Good Hope.\nL\u00C2\u00AB Y.\nLe Colio-; dltL'I_^odeiPa_ay, Buf. oif.br, p. 406,\u00E2\u0080\u0094fynjt. voy, p. 116. pi; 74.\n'THE bill of this fpecies is black: the head crefted: the head,\nneck, and upper parts of the body, are cinereous grey, with a\nyellowifh tinge: breaft the fame, croffed with tranfverfe lines of\nblack; the lower part of the belly, and upper part of the tail,\nare rufous : the wings reach very little beyond the bafe of the\ntail, which is greatly cuneiform, like the others: the legs are of\na pale flefh-colour.\nInhabits Panay, one of the Philippine Iflands,\nPANAYAN C.\nDescription. [ io4 3\nGenus XXXIV. GROSBEAK,\nWITH FOUR TOES.\nI\n0 i. Common Crofsbill.\nN' 21\nSibirian Gr.\n2. White-winged D\u00C2\u00B0.\n22\nYellow-bellied Gr.\n3. Parrot-billed Grofbeak.\n23\nCrefted Gr.\n4. Hawfinch. i^^^\n24\nRed-breafted Gr.\n5. Pine Grofbeak.\n25.\nSpotted Gr.\n6. Caucafian Gr.\n26\nDufky Gr.\n7. Cape Gr.\n27.\nCanada Gr.\nVar. A.\nVar. A.\n8. Long-tailed Gr.\n28.\nFan-tailed Gr.\n9. Gold-backed Gr.\n29.\nJava Gr.\n10. White-throated Gr.\n3\u00C2\u00B0-\nPhilippine Gr.\n11. BlueGr.\n31-\nAbyflinian Gr.\n12. Purple Gr.\n3^\nPenfile Gr.\nVar. A. Var. B.\n33-\nBengal Gr.\n13. Cardinal Gr.\n34-\nNun Gr.\n14. Indian Gr.\nVar. A.\n15. Madagafcar Gr.\n35-\nGrey Gr.\n16. Grenadier Gr.\n36.\nGreen Gr.\nVar. A.\n37-\nChinefe Gr.\n17. Mexican Gr.\n38.\nYellow-fronted Gr.\n18. Brafilian Gr.\n39-\nSt. Domingo Gr.\n19. Paradife Gr.\n40.\nAfrican Gr.\n3.0. Dominican Gr.\n41.\nBrimftone Gr.\nVar. A. Crefted D\u00C2\u00B0.\n42.\nYellow-bellied Gr.\nVar. B. Pope Gr.\nVar. A.\n43. M tios 3\nN\" 43. Marigold Gr.\nN\u00C2\u00B0 66.\nBlack-headed Gr.\n44. Yellow Gr.\n67.\nBlack-crefted Gr.\n45. Yellow-rumped Gr.\n68.\nWhite-headed Gr.\n46. Yellow-headed Gr.\n69.\nRed-billed Gr.\n47. Malacca Gr.\n70.\nBlue-fhouldered Gr.\nVar. A.\n71.\nWax-bill Gr. V\n48. Molucca Gr.\nVar. A. Red-rumped\n49. Striated Gr.\nGr.\n50. Cowry Gr.\nVar. B. White-rumped\n51. Bulfinch.\nGr.\nVar. A.\n72.\nWhite-tailed Gr.\n52. White-winged Gr.\n73-\nCinereous Gr.\n$3. Angola Gr.\n74.\nMalabar Gr.\n54. Brown-headed Gr.\n75-\nBlack-bellied Gr.\n$$. Grey-necked Gr.\n76.\nAfiatic Gr.\n56. Orange Gr.\n77-\nBrown-cheeked Gr.\n57. White-billed Gr.\n78.\nRadiated Gr.\n58. Brown Gr.\n79-\nPearled Gr.\n59. Northern Gr.\n80.\nFafciated Gr.\n60. Black Gr.\n81.\nWarbling Gr.\n61. Thick-billed Gr.\n82.\nOrange-bellied Gr.\n62. Black-breafted Gr.\nVar. A.\n63. Lineated Gr.\n\u00C2\u00A73-\nMinute Gr.\n64. Hamburg Gr.\n84.\nDwarf Gr.\n65. Gambia Gr.\n* * WITH\nTHREE\nTOE..\n85. Three-toed G\nr.\nVol. II.\nP\nTHE GROSBEAK.\nTHE bill in this genus is ftrong\u00C2\u00BB convex above and below>,\nand very thick at the bafe.\nNoftrils fmall and round.\nTongue as if cut off at the end.\nToes placed three * before and one behind*\n* With FOUR TOES.\n+- COMMON\nCROSSBILL-\nLoxia curviroftra, Lin. Syfh i. p. 299. N\u00C2\u00B0 i.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Faun. Suec. 224.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Scop\nann. i. p. 200.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Kram. el. 365. N\u00C2\u00B0 2.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Brun. p. 66. N\u00C2\u00B0 238.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Muller.\nN\u00C2\u00B0 244.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Frifch. t. 11.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Georgi Reife, p. 174.\nLe B_ec-croife, Brif. orn. iii. p. 329. N\u00C2\u00B0 1. pl. 17. f. 3.\np. 449. pi. 27. f. 2.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 218.\nSheld-apple, or Crofs-bill, Rail fyn. p. 86. A.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will. om.\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094Albin. i. pl. 6\.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Edw. pl. 303.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Br. Z00L i. N\u00C2\u00B0\nAra.Zool.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nBuf. oif. :\n48. t. 45..\npl. 49.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nT^HIS bird is about the-fize of a Lark, and is fix inches and\nthree quarters long. It is known by the Angularity of its\nbill, both mandibles of which curve oppofite ways, and crofs each\nother; the colour of the upper blackifh, the under grey:-irides\ncinereous hazel: the colours of the plumage are apt to vary : the\nmale is in general of a red-lead, inclining to rofe-colour, and\nmore or lefs mixed with brown ; the under parts are considerably\npaler, and growing almoft white at the vent: the wings and tail-\nare brown; the laft a trifle forked: the legs.black.\nThe female is of a green colour, more or lefs mixed with;\nbrown in thofe parts where -the male is red. The young males-\n* The laft fpecies excepted,,which has only two toes before,. GROSBEAK.\n^are like the females at firft, changing by degrees into the fine red\n-colour; but the adult female feldom gets any other tinge than\nolive green; however, this rule is not conftant, as both fexes appear very different, even at different times of the year.\nThis fpecies is a conftant inhabitant of Sweden, Germany, Poland, Switzerland, Ruffia, and Sibiria, where it breeds; but migrates\nfometimes in vaft flocks into other countries, as is now and then\nthe cafe in refpect to England; for though in fome years a few are\nmet with, yet in others it has been known to vifit us by\nthoufandsj fixing on fuch fpots as are planted with pines, for the\nfake of the feeds, which are its natural food: it is obferved to\nhold the cone in one claw, like the Parrot, and to have all the\nactions of that bird when kept in a cage, which I have known\ndone for many years *. It is alfo found in North America and\nGroenland, and is faid to make the neft in the higheft parts\nof the fir-trees, fattening it to the branch with the refinous matter\nwhich exudes from the trees; and that it breeds fo early as\nJanuary or February, the young being fit to take in March f.\nI never heard of its breeding in England, but know one inftance\nof its being fhot at large in the middle of fummer. I have been\ntold that they have done great damage in orchards, by tearing\nthe apples topieces for the fake of the feeds, the only part they\ndelight in J.\n107\n* Frifch obferves, that if this bird is fed on hemp-feed, the red coloai\nthe Houfe Sparrow and Goldfinch,\nout the whole jplumage.\nwill come the \nbill pal\nand part <%rrot-M6. N\u00C2\u00B0 43.\nLe Bouvreuil violet de Bahama, Brif. orn. iii. p. 326. N\u00C2\u00B0 9. +. PURPLE G\n, ou Bee rond violet a gorge & fourcils rouges, Buf. oif. iv. p.\n39<5-\nBlack Sparrow, Rail Syn. p. 188.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Sloan. Jam. ii. p. 311..\nPurple Grolbeak, Catefb. Car. pl. 40.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ara. Zool.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nQlZE of a Sparrow : length five inches three quarters. Bill D_scri_\u00C2\u00BBtic\nblack: plumage-violet black, except the irides, a ftreak\nover the eye, the chin, and the vent, which are red: legs dufky\ngrey.\nThe GROSBEAK.\nvhB. The female is brown where the male is black, and the red not\nfo bright.\nPlace. Inhabits the Bahama Iflands, Jamaica, and the warmer parts of\nAmerica.\n- CARDINAL Loxia cardinalis, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 300, N\u00C2\u00B0 5.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Amatn, Acad. iv. p. 242.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nScop. ann. i. N\u00C2\u00B0 20_.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Frifch. t. 4.\nLe Gros-bec de Virginie, Brif. om. iii. p. 253. N\u00C2\u00B0 17.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif. iii. p. 458.\npl. 28.-P/. enl. 37.\nVirginian Nightingale, Rail Syn. p. 85. A. _.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will. orn. p. 245. pl. 44.\nRed Grofbeak, Albin. i. pl. 57. (the male.) iii. pl. 61. (the female).\nRed Bird, Kalm. trav. ii. p. 72.\nCardinal, Browns Jam. p. 047.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Hifl. Louif. ii. p. \_g.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ara. Zool.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\n\"piIIS is near eight inches in length. The bill is flout, and\nof a pale red-colour: irides hazel : the head is greatly\ncrefted, the feathers rifing up to a point when erect: round\nthe bill, and on the throat, black ; the reft of the bird of\na fine red : the quills and tail are duller than the reft, and\nbrownifh within : the legs are the colour of the bill.\nThe female differs from the male, being moftly of a reddifh\nbrown. This fpecies is met with in feveral parts of North America, and has attained the name of Nightingale defervedly, being\nof a remarkable fine fong, the note much like that after which\nit is named. In fpring, and moft part^ of the fummer, fits On\nthe tops of the hii\nloud as almoft to\nwhich it fings throughout the year; fometimes quite mute for\ntime, and again reftlefs, hopping from perch to perch, and ringing alternately. It is fond of maize and buck-wheat, and will get\n6 together\nleft trees, finging early in the morning, fo\nierce the ears : frequently kept in cages,, in GROSBEAK.\ntogether great hoards of thefe, often as much as a bufhel, which\nit artfully covers-with leaves and fmall twigs, leaving only a\nfmall hole for its entrance into the magazine * ; is alfo fond of\nbees. It comes the beginning of April into New York and the\n. Jerfeys, and frequents the Magnolia fwamps during the fummer i\nin autumn departs towards Carolina. Is pretty tame, frequently\nhopping along the road before the traveller. It is not gregarious,\nfcarce ever more than three or four being met with together.\nFrom their being familiar birds, attempts have been made to\nbreed them in cages, but it has been without fuccefs -f-.\nLe Gros-bec des Indes, Brif. o\nPfitt. crift. ruber, minor ex inf\n, iii. p. 2J2. N\u00C2\u00B0 16.\ni Boetenfi, Seba, i. t.\n, f.4.\nT> I G GER than the Hawfinch : length eight inches. Bill one\ninch, and yellow : the head is crefted : the whole plumage\nfine red: the bafe of the bill, and wing coverts, more dull than\nthe reft : legs yellow : toes long : claws fharp and bent.\nInhabits India.\nLoxia Madagafcarienfis, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 300. N\u00C2\u00B0 6.\nLe Cardinal de Madagafcar, Brif. orn. p. 112. N\u00C2\u00B0 20. pl. 6. f. 2\nLe Foudis, Buf. of. iii. p. 495.\nMoineau de Madagafcar, Pl. enl. 134. f. 2.\nMADAGASCAR.\nGR.\nCIZE of a Houfe Sparrow: length five inches and a third. Dbscr\nBill dufky : through the eye a ftreak of black J : general co-\n' HSft. de la Louif. f Albin. GROSBEAK.\nlour of the plumage red, but the middle of each on the back is\nblack : quills and tail brown, margined with olive green: leg-\ngrey brown.\nThe young birds at firft are olive, and do not arrive at the red\ncolour but by degrees.\nIt is called at Madagafcar, Foudi lahe mena. .\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 i Loxia orix, Lin, Mant, 1771. p. 527. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Emberiza orix, Lin. Syft.i. p. 309.\n*- GRENADIER N\u00C2\u00B0 7-\nGR. ' Le Cardinal du Cap deBonne Efperance, Brif. om. iii. p. 114. N\u00C2\u00B0 it. pl. 6>.\nf. _.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif. iii. p. 496.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PA enl. vi. f. 2. (the male?) 134. f. 1.\n(the female.)\nGrenadier, Edw. pl. 178. \u00E2\u0080\u0094Phih tranf. vol. lxvi. p. 278. \u00E2\u0080\u0094Miller's Plates,\nN\u00C2\u00B0 1.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nDescription. C I Z E of the laft. The forehead, fides of the head, and chin,\nare black : the breaft and belly the fame : the wings brown,\nwith pale edges ; and the reft of the body of a beautiful red colour : round the knee pale brown: legs pale.\nSome of thefe birds want the black on the chin, and may not\nunaptly be taken for females.\nPlace. Thefe are inhabitants of Saint Helena, and are alfo in plenty\nat the Cape of Good Hope, where they frequent watery places\nwhere reeds grow, among which they are fuppofed to make the\nneft *. After defcribing thefe birds, Mr. Mafon obferves that\nthe\n* If this be the fame with Kolben's Finch, he fays that it is of a peculiar contrivance, made with fmall twigs, interwoven very clofely and tightly with\ncotton, and divided into two apartments and but one entrance (the upper for\nthe male, the lower for the female) and is fo tight as not to be penetrated by\nany GROSBEAK. i\nthe appearance of thefe among the green reeds has a wonderful effect; for, from the brightnefs of their colours, they appear\nlike fo many fcarlet lilies.\nLe Rouge noir, Buf. oif. iii. p. 461. i6\u00C2\u00AB\nGros-bec de Cayenne, Pl.enl. 309, z;\nHPH I S feems to be a trifle larger; but otherwife differs but Descriptio\nvery little: the colours are the fame, and diftributed in the\nfame manner; but has the tail of the fame colour as the\nwings, and the knees not differing in colour: however, I think\nthe two laft to be the fame birds, efpecially as I have one in my\npoffeffion, and have feen many, from the Cape of Good Hope, with\nthe tail as defcribed in this bird.\nLoxia Mexican a, Lin. Syfl. i, p. 300. N\u00C2\u00B0 7. 17.\nLe Gros-bec au Mexique, Brif. om. iii. p. 256. N\u00C2\u00B0 18. MEXICAN GR.\nAvis Mexicana, grandis, rubra ; Pafferis fpecies, Seba, i. p. 101. pl. 65.\nC O MEW HAT larger than the Hawfinch : length fix inches Description\nand three quarters. The whole body covered with feathers\nof a blood-red colour: upper tail coverts blackifh, with a mixture of red : quills and tail blackifh : the wings reach the middle\nof the tail.\nInhabits Mexico. Place.\nany weather\". Moft plenty about Mofhel Bank. He adds, that the bird is fear- $*M\nlet only in fummer, being in the winter wholly alh-coloured. Hifl. Cap.\nvol. ii. p. 153.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 Vol. II. R Le GROSBEAK.\nLe Grivelin, Buf. of. iii. p. 461. pl. 30. liW^tl\nGros-bec du Brefil, Pl, enl. 309. f. 1.\nLev. Muf.\n|\" ENGTH five inches and three quar-tefls. Bill fhort,\nthick, and of a flefh-co'lour: the whole head and chin are\nred: beneath this a ring of white, not quite meeting, on the?\nfore part: back and wing coverts brown : quills and tail black ;\nthe coverts and fecondaries have pale reddifh tips; end of the\ntail white : the breaft, belly, and fides, reddifh white, marked\nwith round fpots of white, more or lefs encircled with black:\nmiddle of the belly red : rump dufky.\nInhabits Brafil, and is a moft beautiful fpecies.\nLoxia Erythrocephala, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 391. N\u00C2\u00B0 10.\nPARADISE GR. Le Cardinald'Angola, Brif. om. Supp. p. 78. N\u00C2\u00B0 69.\nSparrow of Paradife, Edw. pl. 180.\nLev. Muf.\nT ENGTH almoft fix inches. Bill flefh-colour: head and'\nchin red : hind part of the neck, the back, rump, and wing\ncoverts, blueifh afh-colour: upper tail coverts margined with\ngrey : the under parts white, marked with curved fpots of black\non the fides: the wing coverts tipped with white, forming two\nbars of the fame on the wing: quills and tail deep blue afh,\ntipped with grey : the legs flefh-colour..\nThis fpecies inhabits Angola. GROSBEAK.\nLoxia Domhrfcafla, Lin, Syfl. i. p. 301. N\u00C2\u00B0 8. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Amain, acad. iv. p. 242.\nN\u00C2\u00B0 14.\nLe Gros-bec du Brefil, Brif. om. iii. p. 246. N\u00C2\u00B0 13.\nRubicilla Americana, Rail Syn. p. 86.\nAmerican Bulfinch, Will, om, p. 147. \u00C2\u00A7 n.\nDominican Cardinal, Edw. pl. 127.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nDOMINICAN\nGR,\nCIZE of a Lark. Upper mandible brown; under> pale flefh-\ncolour : eyes blueifh : the head, throat, and fore part of the\nneck, are deep red ; hind part of the neck blackifh, with a flight\nmixture of white : wing coverts, back, rump, upper tail coverts,\nand feapulars, grey mixed with a few black fpots : fides of the\nneck, breaft, belly, thighs, and vent, whitifh : quills black, edged\nwith white: tail black : legs cinereous.\nInhabits Brafih\nLe Cardinal Dominiquai\nCrefted Cardinal, Browi\nt hupe, Buf, oif. iii. p. 501. \u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl, enl. i\n's III. p. 24. pl. 23.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Miller's Plates, 2.\nCRESTED DOMINICAN GR.\nI_T E A D much crefted, ending in a point like the Virginian\nGrofbeak: head, and fore part of neck, red; beneath, white :\nback and wings cinereous: tail longifh; two middle feathers\ncinereous, the reft dufky.\nInhabits Brafil, and appears a mere variety of the laft,,\nDescription,\nR 2 GROSBEAK.\n. Var. B.\nLe Cardinal Dominicain,\nPOPE GR.\nPl. enl. 55. f. 2.\nLe Paroare, Buf. oif. iii. p.\nTije Guacu Paroara, Ra\npl. 41.4c.\nPope Grofbeak, Ara. Zool.\nti6. N\u00C2\u00B0 22. pl^S.^f.4. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\njoo. pl. 31.\n1 Syn. p. 8g. N\u00C2\u00B0 9.\np. 256.\nCIZE of the laft : length fix inches and three quarters. Bill\nas the laft : the head, as far as the crown, the cheeks, and\nthroat, are of a fine red colour, ending in a point on the fore part\n, of the neck : the hind part of the head and neck, and all the under parts, from the breaft, are white ; but down the middle of the\nneck behind is a ftripe of black: back, feapulars, and rump, cinereous ; but fome of the. feathers of the firft have black margins : wing coverts black; acrofs the larger a ftripe of white:\nquills black, edged with white, and fome of the fecondaries\ntipped with white: tail as the wings, and a trifle forked: legs\"\nand claws grey brown.\nThe female has the fore part of the head yellow orange, dotted\nwith red : in other things like the male.\nInhabits Brafil, and fome parts of North America, and appears\nto be a variety of the others.\nSIBIREAN GR.\n, Pall.Tr. vol. ii. p. 711. N\u00C2\u00B0 24.\nC I Z E of a Linnet, but fuller of feathers. Bill a trifle longer\n- than in the Bulfinch; round the bafe of it the feathers of a\ndeep purple : head and back in fome birds of a deep vermilion ;\nin others rofe-colour, marked with brown as in the Linnet : the\nunder parts paler, and not fpotted : the feathers about the head\n6 have GROSBEAK.\nhave the tips of a polifhed white, appearing very vivid in fome\nlights: bafe of the wings white; coverts the fame, with black\ntips, forming a double oblique bar on the wings: quills edged\nwith white : tail longer than the body; nearly even ; the outer\nfeathers white; the others black, with pale margins.\nThe female and young birds are the colour of a Linnet, with a\ntinge of red on the belly and rump.\nThis is a moft beautiful fpecies, and inhabits the bufhy fhrubs\nabout the rivers and torrents of the fouthern mountains of Si-\nbiria, and particularly about the Lake Baikal: fond of the feeds\nof the blueifh and other Mugworts *: is a refllefs bird, and in\n\"winter unites into fmall flocks, and keeps in the warmer fitua-\ntions among the fhrubs.\nYellow-bellied Grofbeak, Ara. Zool.\nYELLOW-BE1-\nLIED GR.\nT_> I L L yellow : head red: nape olive brown : hind part of the Description.\nneck, and under parts, of a fine red : belly yellow: the\nwings, the lower part of the back, and tail, olive, except the two\nmiddle feathers of the laft, which are red.\nInhabits Virginia f. Place,\nLoxia Criftata, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 301. N\u00C2\u00B09. 23.\nCRESTED GR.\nCIZE large: general colour whitifh : the forehead crefted : Description,\nthe creft, breaft, and rump, red : the tail cinereous ; the two\nmiddle feathers twice as long as the reft : the legs red.\nThe creft and breaft in the female are white.\nInhabits Ethiopia. Placb.\n* Artemifia carulefcens, integrifoli\nt Mr. Penn GROSBEAK.\nRED-BREASTED GR.\nLomLudoviciana,. Lit\nGros-bec de la Louifiai\nf. 2.\nLe Rofe Gorge, Buf. oif. iii. p. 460,\nRed-breafted Grofbeak, ArS. Zool.\nBr. Muf.\nSyfl. i. p. 3o5. N\u00C2\u00B0 38.\n, Brif. orn. iii. p. 247. pl. 12. f. 2. \u00E2\u0080\u0094\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Pl. enl. 153.\nLev. Muf.\nT E N G T H fix inches and three quarters. Bill, like that of\na Bulfinch, brown: head, upper parts of the body, and bafe\nhalf of the tail, black : breaft, and under wing coverts, light\npurple : belly, thighs, vent, and rump, white, varied on the belly\nwith a few purple fpots : on the wings are three white marks ; one\nacrofs the coverts, a fecond parallel to the edge of the wing, and\na third on the tip of the feapulars: the lower half of the three\nouter tail feathers is white, and the inner web, at the tip of the\nfourth, of the fame colour : legs brown.\nOne of thefe, in the Leverian Mufeum, differs in having the\nfides of the breaft, and over the thighs, of a ferruginqus brown\ncolour : vent very pale yellow.\nThat defcribed by Buffon had a rofe-coloured breaft, and is fo\ncoloured in the Planches Enluminees.\nInhabits Louifiana.\nSPOTTED GR.\nDescription.\nLev. Muf.\nCIZE of a Yellow-hammer. B 11 pale, moderately flout, with\na dufky tip : the plumage on the upper parts dufky : every\nfeather, except the greater coverts aad quills, fpotted at the end\nwith white: the under parts dirty white, marked with dufky\nftreaks: over the eye a paje ftreak : the outer tail feather has\n10 the GROSBEAK.\nthe outer web white almoft to the tip, and a white fpot on the\ninner web near the tip ; the next feather nearly fo, but lefs con-\nfpicuous: both quills and tail fringed on the outer web with\ndofky white : legs pale brown.\nSuppofed to come from North America,\nDufliy Grofbeak, Ara. Zool.\nz6.\nDUSKY GR.\nT_T E A D, neck, and. back, dufky, edged with pale brown : Descriptio.\nwing coverts dufky, croffed with two bars of white : quills-\ngreen: middle of the throat white : fides of the breaft, and fides-\n\u00C2\u00A9f the belly, white, fpotted with brown.\nFound at New Tork, in the month of June*. Place..\nLoxia Canadenfis, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 304.\nLe Gros-bec de Cayenne, Brif om. iii\nN\u00C2\u00B0 29.\n!29. pi. 11. f. _.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 152.\n, Buf. oif. iii. p. 462.\nBr. Muf\nCIZE of a Houfe Sparrow : length fix. inches and three quarters. Bill afh-colour, and: the edges of it fomewhat projecting\nin the middle: the upper parts of the plumage olive green ;. the\nunder paler, and inclining to yellow : the feathers round the bafe\nof the bill, and the chin, black : the legs are grey.\nInhabits Cayenne, and, we may fuppofe, Canada likewife, occa-\nfionally, as Linnaeus has given it that name.\n* Mr. Pennant..\nCANADA GR. GROSBEAK.\nT Have feen a variety of this, which had the upper parts of a\nblue grey inftead of olive green, and the under parts pale\ngrey inftead of yellowifh.\nThe female of a cinereous brown where the male was blue-\ngrey, and of a much paler colour in general.\nThefe came from Cayenne, and are mere varieties.\nLa Queue en Eventail, Buf. oif. iii. p. 463.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 38c\nFan-tailed Grofbeak, ArZ. Zool.\nC I Z E of a Sparrow : length about five inches. Bill flout,\nand dufky: the upper parts of the body are reddifh brown,\npaleft on the rump: the under the fame, but paler, and more\ninclined to red : quills, tail, and legs, dufky.\nOne of thefe birds, fuppofed the other fex, had a grey breaft\nand belly.\nThefe inhabit Virginia, where they are called Fan-tails; and\ncontinually carry the tail fpread in an horizontal direction.\n* By miftake of the draughtfman, the upper bird is engraved with fourteen\ntail feathers, whereas no bird of this Genus, or even Order, has more than\ntwelve. GROSBEAK.\n129\nLoxia Oryzivora, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 302. N\u00C2\u00B0 14. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Amcen. acad. iv. p. 243.\nN\" 16.\nLe Gros-bec cendre de la Chine, Brif. om. iii. p. 244. pl. 11. f. 2, \u00E2\u0080\u0094 PL\nenl. 152. f. 1.\nLe Padda ou L'Oifeau de Riz, Buf. oif. iii. p. 463.\nPadda, or Rice Bird, Edw. pl. 41. 42.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nCIZE of a Sparrow : length five inches. The bill is flout and\nred: eye-lids of the fame colour: the head and throat black :\nfides of the head under the eyes white : upper parts of the body,\nneck, and breaft, pale afh-colour: belly and thighs pale rofe-\ncolour : the vent and under tail coverts nearly white: the tail\nblack- legs flefh-coloured.\nThe female has the bill and eye-lids very pale red, and wants\nthe white on the cheeks 4 but the edge of the wing is white as\nwell as the under tail coverts.\nThis fpecies is met with at Java and the Cape of Good Hope,\nwhere it does much damage to the rice-grounds. Chiefly known\nby the name of Java Sparrow.\nit is moft likely a Chinefe bird likewife, as we often meet with\nit in paper-hangings from that country. I think this the more\nlikely, as I have feen it among fome Chinefe paintings; where it\nbore the name of Hung-tzoy.\nJAVA GR.\nDescription.\nLoxia Philippina, Lin. Syft.i. p. 305. N\u00C2\u00B0 36.\nLe Gros-bec des Philippines, Brif. orn. iii. p. 232\npl. 18. f. 1. 2. (the neft)\u00E2\u0080\u0094PA enl. 135. f. 2\nLe Toucnam-couri, Buf. oif iii. p. 465.\npi.\n(the male.)\n_ , , . , PHILIPPINE\nf. 1. (the male) GR>\nCIZE of a Sparrow: length five inches and a quarter. The De;\nbill is brown; round the bafe of it, fides of the head, under\nVol. II. S the Place a\nManne;\nGROSBEAK.\nthe eyes, and the chin, of the fame colour: the top of the head is\nyellow: the hind part of the neck and back, and feapulars, the\nfame ; the middle of the feathers brown : lower part of the back\nbrown, with whitifh margins: fore part of the neck and breaft\nyellow; from thence to the vent yellowifh white : wing coverts\nbrown, edged with white : the quills brown, with pale rufous or\nwhitifh edges : tail as the quills : legs yellowifh.\nThe female has the upper parts brown, margined with rufous :\nrump of this laft colour : under parts pale rufous : quills and tail\nmargined with pale rufous : legs yellowifh.\nThefe inhabit the Philippine Iflands, and are noted for making\na moft curious neft, in form of a long cylinder, fwelling out into\na globofe form in the middle. This is compofed of the fine\nfibres of leaves, See. and fattened by the upper part to the extreme branch of a tree. The entrance is from beneath; and, after\nafcending the cylinder as far as the globular cavity, the true neft\nis placed on one fide of it; where this little architect lays her\neggs, and hatches her brood in perfect fecurity.\nLe Baglafecht, Buf. of. iii. p. 469.\n'T< HIS does not differ confiderably from the laft. The iirid_a>J\nyellow: the black on the fides of the head rifes above the\neyes : the mixture of brown and black on the back is lefs diftinct;\nand the greater wing coverts, quills, and tail, greenifh brown,,\nedged with yellow: the wings reach to the middle of the tail.\nInhabits Abyffinia.\nThis may be confidered as a mere variety, not only on account\nof the plumage, but manners, as it makes a very curious neft like\nthe GROSBEAK.\nthe other, but a little different in fhape; and is faid to have\nfomewhat of a fpiral fhape, not unlike that of a Nautilus. It fuf-\npends it, like the other, on the extreme twig of fome tree, chiefly\none that hangs over fome ftill-water; and always turns the opening towards that quarter from whence leaft rain may be expected.\nGros-bec d'Abyflinie, Buf. oif. iii. p. 470.\nCIZE of the Hawfinch. Bill about the fame fize, and black :\nirides red: top and fides of the head, throat, and breaft,\n- Hack : the upper parts of the body, belly, and thighs, pale yellow, inclining to brown where the two colours divide : the feapulars blackifh : wing coverts brown, bordered with grey : quills\nand tail brown, edged with yellow : legs reddifh grey.\nThis bird alfo makes a curious neft, and is found in Abyffinia.\nIt is of a pyramidal fhape, and is fufpended from the ends of\nbranches, like the others. The opening is on one fide, facing the\neaft ; the cavity feparated in the middle by a partition, up\nwhich the bird rifes perpendicularly about half-way, when de-\nfcending, the neft is within the cavity on one fide. By this means\nthe brood is defended from fnakes, fquirrels, rnonkies, and other\nmifchievous animals, befides being fecure from rain, which in'\nthat country fometimes lafts for fix months together.\nInhabits 'Abyffinia.\nABYSSINIAN\nGR.\nLe Nelicourvi de Madagafcar, Son. Voy. Ind. vol. ii. p. 200. pi, 112.\nCIZE of the Houfe Sparrow. Bill black : irides yellow : the\n. head, throat, and fore part of the neck, of the laft colour :\nS _ from\nPENSILE GR. GROSBEAK.\nfrom the noftrils fprings a dull green ftripe, which paffes through\nthe eye and beyond it, where it is broader: the hind part of the\nhead and neck, the back, rump, and wing coverts, the fame : the\nquills black, edged with green : the belly deep grey : the vent\nof a rufous red : the tail and legs black.\nThis fpecies is found at Madagafcar, and fabricates a neft of\na curious conftruction, compofed of ftraw and reeds interwoven\nin fhape of a bag, the opening beneath. It is faftened above to\na twig of fome tree; moftly to thofe growing on the borders of\nftreams. One one fide of this, within, is the true neft. The bird\ndoes not form a new neft every year, but faftens a hew one to the\nend of the laft *; and often as far as five in number, one hanging\nfrom another. Thefe build in fociety, like Rooks; often five or\nfix hundred being feen on one tree. They have three young at\neach hatch f.\n* Perhaps one of the nefts in Will. om. pl. 77. may be meant to reprcfentr\nthis circumftance.\nt Kampfer mentions a bird fimilar to this, if not the fame, which makes the\nneft, near Siam, on a tree with narrow leaves and fpreading branches, the fine of\nan apple-tree : the neft in the fhape of a purfe, with a long neck, made of dry\ngrafs and other materials, and fufpended at the ends of the branches ; the opening always to the north-wejl. He counted fifty on one tree only; and defcribes.\nthe bird itfelf as being like a Canary-bird, of a dark yellow, and chirps like a\nSparrow. Hifl of Japan, p. 35.\nFryer alfo talks of the ingenuity of the Toddy Bird, making a neft \" like a-\n\" fleeple, with winding meanders,\" and tying it by a flender thread to the bough\nof a tree. \" Hundreds of thefe pendulous nefts may be feen on thefe trees.\"\nThey are faid alfo to build on the tree called Brabb, \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Account of India and' I\nPerfia, 1698, p. 76. GROSBEAK.\nLoxiaBengalenfis, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 305. N\u00C2\u00B032. BENG'aL GR\nLe Moineau de Bengale, Brif orn. iii. p. 95. N\u00C2\u00B0 II.\nL'Orchef, Buf. oif. iii. p. 466.\nGros-bec des Indes, PL enl. 393. f. 2.\nBengal Sparrow, Albin. ii. pl- 52.\nYellow-headed Indian Sparrow, Edw. pl. 189,\nA Trifle bigger than a Houfe Sparrow : length five inches and. Description.\n* a half. Bill flefh-colour: irides whitifh : the top of the\nhead of a golden yellow : the upper parts of the body brown,,\nwith paler edges: fides of the head and under parts rufous\nwhite : acrofs the breaft a brown band, uniting to, and of the fame\ncolour with, the upper parts of the body: legs pale yellow :\nclaws grey.\nThe female is like the male in all things; but the colours are Femaie..'\nmuch lefs vivid.\nInhabits Bengal, Place.\nLoxia Collaria, L\np. 305. N\u00C2\u00B0 31.\n_.\u00C2\u00AB*._ v.w.ai,*,. -...-..vyy,. 1. _J. _V_. 1-, vjl.\nLe Gros-bec Nonette, Buf. eif. iii. p. 446.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl, 393. f. 3.\nC T Z E of the Blue Titmoufe, and not unlike it in appearance:\nlength four inches and a half. The bill black :. the forehead\nbare: top of the head, and upper part of the body, greenifh\nblue: temples black: under parts and rump rufous white:\nround the neck a collar of the fame: acrofs the breaft a mottled black band : wings rufous yellow and black, mixed: tail\nblack : legs pale brown.\nInhabits the Eaft Indies,. GROSBEAK.\nLe Gritreiirt \u00C2\u00BBCravate, Buf,~vifi.M. p. 473.\nGros-bec d'Angola, PL #d.6$g. f. 2,\nHP H I S feems to be a mere variety, if not a different fex, of\nthe fame bird. It differs merely in having the spper parts\nof a darker colour: the white collar round the neck, as well as\nthe mottled band on the breaft, much broader than in the former bird. There is alfo a fpot of white at the bafe of the quills,\nnear the edge of the wing; and the under parts more inclined\nto rufous.\nInhabits Angola.\nLe Grifalbin, Buf. oif. iii. p. 467.\nGros-bec de Virginie, Pl. enl. 393. f. 1.\nGrey Grofbeak, Ara. Zool.\nC I Z E of the Blue Titmoufe : length four inches. Bill dark\nbrown : neck, and fore part of the head, white : the reft of\nthe body blue grey: legs reddifh : claws brown.\nInhabits Virginia.\nLoxia Chloris, Lin. Syfl, i. p. 304. N\u00C2\u00B0 27. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Faun. Suec. 226.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Scop. ann. i.\nN\u00C2\u00B0 zoS.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Muller, N\u00C2\u00B0 248.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Kramer, p. 367. N\u00C2\u00B0 5. \u00E2\u0080\u0094Frifch. t. ii.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n0/7*. uc. 26.\nLe Verdier, Brif. orn. iii. p. 190. N\u00C2\u00B0 54. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Buf. oif. iv. p. 172. pl. 15.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nPL enl. 267. f. 2.\nGreenfinch, Rail Syn. p. 85. A. 4. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Will. om. p. 246. pl. 44. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Albin. i...\npl. j8.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Br. Zool. i. N\" 217.\u00E2\u0080\u0094A,a. Zool.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nr~V HIS is a well-known bird : the general colour yellowifh\ngreen, paleft on the rump and breaft, and inclining to white\n9 on G R O S\nE A K.\non the belly : the quills are edged with yellow, and the four\nouter tail feathers are yellow from the middle to the bafe : the\nbill is pale brown, and flout; and the legs flefh-colour.\nThe female inclines more to brown. Female.\nThe Greenfinch is pretty common in Great Britain, and makes Place and\nthe neft in fome low bufh or hedge, compofed of dry grafs, and\nlined with hair, wool, &c. laying five or fix greenifh eggs,,\nmarked at the larger end with red brown; and is fo careful of her\ncharge during incubation, that fhe is now and then taken on the\nneft. The male takes his turn in fitting. This fpecies foon\nbecomes tame; even old birds are familiar almoft as foon as\ncaught: is apt to grow blind, if expofed to the fun, like the-\nChaffinch: flies in troops in winter : lives five or fix years *.\nIt is alfo pretty common every where on the continent of\nEurope; not very frequent in Ruffia; and not at all in Sibiria f ;\nwhich gives reafon to fuppofe that it fhifts its quarters according\nto the feafon. It is fufficiently common both in Cumberland and\n-Siotiand; yet in the firft, it is fcarce ever obferved in the winter\nfeafon; but the laft week in March becomes plentiful, and\nbreeds as in other parts of England _{;.\nIn the Leverian Mufeum is one quite white..\nLe Verdkr de la Chine, Son. Voy. Ind. vol. ii. p. 202. CHTNKSF PR\n\"XTOT unlike the laft. The bill greenifh yellow: the head Description^\nand neck greenifh grey : back, and wing coverts, light\nbrown ; thofe on the edge of the wing black : the fecond quills\n* Olhta,\nf It has however been met with in i\nt Dr. Heyfham, GROSBEAK.\nare black within, and grey on the outer edge: the prime quills\nare yellow half-way from the bafe, black the reft of their length,\ntipped with grey : the belly dirty rufous: vent yellow : tail\nblack, tipped with white: legs greenifh yellow.\nInhabits China.\n38.\nYELLOW-\nFRONTED GR.\nLoxia Butyracea, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 304. 28.\nC I Z E of a Sifkin. The forehead is yellow : above the eyes a\nyellow line : temples the fame colour: the general colour\nof the reft of the plumage is green, fpotted with brown above ;\nbeneath, wholly yellow: the tail is blackifh, a little forked,\ntipped with white.\nInhabits India, and is, I believe, the female to the following,\nwhich I faw among fome drawings from that place, viz. Size the\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0fame. Bill black: irides brown: plumage above, green: the\nhead and back fpotted with black : over each eye a yellow line\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2arifing at the bafe of the bill, and a fecond fpringing from, the\nifame, diverging below the eye, but not touching it: all the under parts yellow : quills, tail, and legs, black.\nWith this was another, fuppofed to be the female, correfpond-\ning with Linnaus's bird. In this the bill was pale : the vent inclined to white: quills dufky, with yellow edges, and pale towards the tips, the outer one excepted : leffer wing covertsw\nblack, edged with green; the greater ones black, edged with\npale brown-, tail black, tipped with white : legs pale.\nBoth thefe came from the Cape of Good Hope : the firft fang\nprettily ; the laft was filent. GROSBEAK.\n*37\nLe Verderin, Buf. oif. iv. p\u00C2\u00BB 18c.\nVerdier de St. Domingue, Pl, enl, 341. f, z.\nCIZE of the Greenfinch : length five inches and three quarters. Bill reddifh : the eyes placed in a bed of white : the\nupper parts of the plumage green brown, the edges of the feathers paleft: the under parts dull rufous, fpotted with brown :\nlower belly and vent white : the quills are black : tail and legs\ndufky brown.\nInhabits Saint Domingo.\nST.\n39-\nDOMINGO\nGR.\nD\n-SCR.IPTION.\nLe Verdier _ans v\nBuf. oif. iv. p. 186.\nT E N G T H fix inches and a third. The upper parts in this\nbird are greenifh brown and grey, mixed, inclining to rufous on the rump : upper wing coverts rufous: fecond quills\nedged with the fame : the greater quills, and fide feathers of the\ntail, edged with rufous white, and the outer feather of the laft\nmarked with a fpot of white: the under parts of the body are\nwhite, varied with brown on the breaft.\nThis was brought from the Cape of Good Hope by M. Sonnerat.\nBuffon thinks it to have the greateft affinity to the Greenfinch,\n'though fo different in colour.\nAFRICAN GR.\nDescription.\nLoxia Sulphurata, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 305. N\u00C2\u00B0 30.\nLe Gros-bec du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Brif, orn. iii. p. 225. N\u00C2\u00B0 2. pl. 1\nf. 1\nCIZE of the Brambling : length five inches and three quarters. Bill feven lines long, flout, and of a horn-colour : head,\nVol. II. T neck,\nBRIMSTONE\nGR. GROSBEAK.\nneck, breaft, and upper parts of the body, olive green : throat,\nbelly, and vent, yellow : over the eye a yellow ftreak : quills\nbrown, edged with olive green: tail the fame, except the two\nmiddle feathers, which are wholly olive green : legs brownifh\ngrey.\nInhabits the Cape of Good Hope.\nLe Gros-bec jat\npl. ii. f\ne du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Brif. om. iii. p. 227. N\u00C2\u00B0\nCO ME WHAT lefs than the laft. Bill the fame colour:\nhead, hind part of the neck, and back, olive green, dafhed\nwith brown : rump plain olive green : under parts of the body\nfull yellow: on each fide of the head a band of yellow, which\npaffes over the eye : quills and tail brown, with olive green,\nedges; the laft fomewhat forked : legs grey.\nThe female is lefs brilliant in colour.\nInhabits the Cape of Good Hope.\nT ENGTH five inches. Crown of the head, breaft, and upper parts of the body, of a bright olive green, paleft on the\nrump : hind part of the neck afh-colour, paffing forwards on\neach' fide to the chin, where it ends in a point: the belly and\nvent yellow : between the legs white: quills black, edged with\nyellow.: tail dufky green, with the outer edges of the feathers\nyellow, and down the fhafts black ; the fhape forked: legs\nrey brown.\nThis feems a variety of the laft. I received it from the Cape\nof Good Hope,\nLe -GROSBEAK.\nBuf. of. i\nCIZE of a Sparrow: length feven inches. The bill blackifh,\nfhort, ftrong, and convex; the- under mandible paleft : the\nnoftrils are round, placed at the bafe, and perforated : the head,\nand upper part of the neck, are blue; of the body blackifh : the\nthroat, fore part of the neck, and breaft, of the colour of a Marigold : the belly, and vent, brimftone-colour: quills, and tail,\nblackifh, edged with blue: legs reddifh : the middle and outer\ntoe united as far as the firft joint: the hind claw largeft; all of\nthem 'fharp, bent, and channelled;\nInhabits Buenos- Ayres; found there in September; frequents\ncultivated places and gardens; feen only by pairs. The male and\nfemale much attached to each other. Feeds both on grafs and\nfeeds.\nLoxia Flavicans, Lin. Syft. i. p. 303. N\u00C2\u00B0 19.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Amcen. acad. iv. p. 24.4.\nCIZE of a Canary-bird. Bill fhort and thick, the bafe going\n. far back on the forehead : head, neck, breaft, belly, and vent,\nyellow: top of the head-the fame, but paler : back, wings, and\ntail, greenifh yellow; bend of the wing deep yellow: quills\nand tail margined with yellowifh : legs pale : hind claw\nftrongeft.\nInhabits Afia. - YELLOW-\nRUMPED GR.\nDescription.\nGROSBEAK.\nLoxia hordeaca, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 303. N\u00C2\u00B0 19.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Muf Ad. Fr. ii. p. 29.\nCIZE of the White Wagtail. The head, neck, and rump,\nfulvous : temples white : from thence to the bill, the breaft,\nwings, and tail, black : /fhoulders, thighs, vent, and margins of\nthe tail feathers, grey.\nInhabits India.\nLoxia Mexicana, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 304. z6.\nLe Moineau du Mexique, Brif. orn. iii. p. 97.\nLaLinotte a tete jaune, Buf. oif. iv. p. 83.\nYellow-headed Linnet, Edw. pl. 44.\nCIZE of the Mountain Finch : length five inches three-\nquarters. Bill pale flefh-colour: irides hazel: the upper\nparts of the body dull brown,, fpotted with black ; beneath, pale\nbrown, with fpots of dull brown : the fore part of the head;,\ncheeks, and throat, are yellow; behind the eyes a brown band,\nwhich paffes towards the back : quills and tail blackifh: legs dulL\nbrownifh horn-colour.\nInhabits Mexica.\n''\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 vtioifia Malacca, Lin. Syft. i. p. 302. N\u00C2\u00B0 16.\nLe Gros-bec de Java, Brif. orn. iii. p. 237. pl. 13. f. 1..\nLe Jacobin, Buf. oif. iii. p. 468.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 139. f. 3.\nWhite-breafted Indian Sparrow, Edw. pl. 355.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Alb. ii. pl. 53.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ofb. Voy.\nii. p. 329. N\u00C2\u00B0 4.\nBr. Muf Lev. Muf.\nT ENGTH four inches and a quarter. Bill blueifh afh-colour: irides black: the head, neck, middle of the belly,\nthighs, GROSBt-AK. H\u00C2\u00AB\nthighs, and under tail coverts, black: breaft, and fides of the\nbelly* white : back, wings,, and tail, chefnut: legs brown.\nThe female has the thighs chefnut, and the colours are lefs Femaxe.\nvivid.\nInhabits Java.. Place.\nLoxia Malacca, Lin. Syft. i. p. 302. N\u00C2\u00B0 16. B. 47*\nLe Gros-bec de la Chine, Brif. orn. iii. p. 235. N\u00C2\u00B0 7. Var- A*\nGhinefe Sparrows, Edw, pl. 43.\nC I Z E of the laft.. Head, throat, and fore part of the neck, Description.\nblack: the reft of the plumage chefnut: bill and legs cinereous.\nThe female has the top of the head, and upper parts, cinereous Female,.\nbrown : fides of the head, and under parts, reddifh white: quills\nand tail blackifh : legs flefh-colour.\nInhabits China. Place.\nLoxia Molucca, Lin. Syft. i. p. 302.\nLe Gros-bec des Moluques, Brif. or*\nf. 2.\n0 i7- 48.\nii. p. 241.pl. 13. f. 3.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 139. MOLUCCA GR.\nT ENGTH four inches. Bill dufky : the fore part of the Descriptio\nhead, and fides and fore part of the neck, black : hind part\nof the head,, and upper parts,. brown : rump, and under parts,,\nfrom the breaft, tranfverfely barred with black and white: the\nupper tail coverts, and tail, black: the quills deep brown.: legs?;\nbrown.\nInhabits the Molucca Ifles. Place.\nLoxi* BEAK.\nLoxia ftriata, Lin. Syft. i. p. 306. N\u00C2\u00B0 37.\nLe Gros-bec de l'Ifle de Bourbon, Brif. or\nPL enl. 153. f. 1.\n243. N\u00C2\u00B0 11, pl. 13. f. 4.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n7\7 O T rnuch bigger than a Wren: length three inches two-\nthirds. Bill dufky: head, and upper part of the body,,\nbrown, with adafh of paler rufous brown down each fhaft: throat,\nand fore part of the neck, blackifh : from the breaft to the vent\nwhite : quills and tail blackifh brown : legs blackifh.\nFound in the Ifle of Bourbon.\nLoxia punftularia, Lin. Syft. i. p. 302. N\u00C2\u00B0 18.\nLe Gros-bec tachete de Java, Brif. orn. iii. p. 238. N\u00C2\u00B0 9. pl. 13. f. 2.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl.\nenl. 139. f. 1.\nChinefe Sparrow, Albin. ii. pl, 53.\nGowry Bird, Edw. pl. 40.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nT ENGTH four inches and a quarter. Bill dufky: fore\npart of the head, and fides, throat, and fore part of the\nneck, chefnut: hind part of the head, and reft of the upper\nparts, rufous brown ; the rump feathers edged with grey : breaft\nand fides dufky, marked with cordated white fpots : middle of\nthe belly, and vent, white : legs dufky.\nInhabits the ifland of Java.\nThe five laft defcribed, are by Buf on fuppofed to belong to each\nother, either as varieties or fexual differences; but how, he does\nnot determine; he thinks it however probable, that the males\nare thofe whofe bellies are fpotted, and the females the plain-\nbellied ones. GROSBEAK.\nLoxia pyrrhula, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 300. N\u00C2\u00B0 4.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Faun. Suec. zz_.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Scop. an. i.\nN\u00C2\u00B0 202.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Brun. 240, 241.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Muller, p. 30. N\u00C2\u00B0 247\u00E2\u0080\u0094Kram. el. 3%.\nN\u00C2\u00B0 3.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Frifch. r. pl. 2.\u00E2\u0080\u00940\u00E2\u0080\u009E\u00E2\u0080\u009E. \u00C2\u00BBc. pl. in p. 40\u00E2\u0080\u0094GeorgiReife, p. 174.\nLe Bouvreuil, Brif. om. iii. p. 308. N\u00C2\u00B0 i.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif. iv. p. 372. pl. 17.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nPl. enl. 143.\nBulfinch, Alp, or Nope, Rail Syn. p. 86. A.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will. orn. 247. pl. 44.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nAlbin. i. pl. _g, 60.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Br. Zool. i. N\u00C2\u00B0 116.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ar3. Zool.\nBr. Muf Lev. Muf.\n'TPHIS bird is fo generally known, that it needs only to fay, ]\nthat the head, wings, and tail, are black : breaft and belly\nred : the upper tail coverts and vent white: and the breaft afh-\ncolour.\nThe female differs in having the under parts of a reddifh\nbrown.\nThis fpecies is pretty common in England; and makes the neft\nin the bufhes, five or fix feet from the ground; it is compofed\nchiefly of mofs; and the eggs, which are five or fix in number,\nare dirty blueifh white, marked at the large end with dark\nfpots. The time of breeding about the end of May or beginning.\nof June.\nIn the fummer it moflly frequents woods, and the more retired places; in winter approaches gardens and orchards, making\nhavoc among the buds of trees.\nBoth male and female may be taught to whittle many tunes ;\nbut in their wild ftate have only a plain note, two or three times\nrepeated, and at times the words tui, tui, both far from difagree-\nable; in neither cafe what may be called a fong. It will frequently learn to articulate feveral words ; but I find this to be\ntaught in Germany, from whence fuch birds are annually imported into London, From the account of authors, it feems to\n9 be\n4- BULFINCH GROSBEAK.\nbe common in moft parts of the continent of Europe, and\nthroughout Ruffia and Sibiria, at which laft places it is caught\nfor the table *.\nBouvreuil noir, Brif. t\nrn. iii. p. 313-\n-Buf. oif.\nackBulfinch, Albin, ii\n1. pl. 69.\nlev. Muf,\nDescription. 'T'HIS variety is wholly black, often met with fo naturally,\nat other times changing in confinement in a cage f.\nLe Bouvreuil blanc, Brif. orn, iii. p. 313.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif. iv. p. 383.\nLev. Muf.\n>Tp HIS variety is white, except a few fpots of black on the\nback. One in the Leverian Mufeum is wholly white. Befides\nwhich are two other varieties : the firft is a male, and has the\ntop and fides of the head of a beautiful white, with a tinge of\nbloffom-colour; the under parts pure white : quills and tail\nblack. The other a female, with the crown, wing coverts,\nrump, and vent, white : in other things as in common.\nWHITE-\nWINGED GR.\nLoxia panicivora, Lin. Syft. i. p. 302. N\u00C2\u00B0 15.\nLe Bouvreuil noir d'Afrique, Brif. orn. iii.p. 317. N\u00C2\u00B0 4.-\n9\u00C2\u00AB/.^iv. p.385.\nCIZE of the Hawfinch : length feven inches and a quarter.\nBill half an inch, grey : the eyes black, as is the whole\nplumage, except a fpot of white on the wing coverts : the legs\nare afh-coloured.\nInhabits Africa.\n* Mr. Pennant. *{\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Efpecially if fed with hemp-feed.\nLoxia GROSBEAK. 145\nLoxia Angolenfis, Lin. Syft. i, p, 303. N\u00C2\u00B0 24,\nBlack Grofbeak* Edw. pl. 352. f. 2. ANC\nCIZ E of our Bulfinch : length five inches. Bill dufky : eyes De\ndark : the general colour of the. plumage black, except from\nthe breaft to the vent* where it is of a dull red, and a fpot of\nwhite on the middle of the wing near the edge; the ridge of\nthe wing is alfo white: legs of a purplifh flefh-colour.\nInhabits Angola.\nPlace.\nBROWN-\nHEADED GR.\nT ENGTH fix inches. Bill ftout, and horn-coloured, one Description.\ninch long: head and chin dufky brown: back .and wing-\ncoverts black, the feathers deeply margined with yellow: breaft\ndeep ferruginous 5 from thence to> the vent ruffiy yellow, very\npale at the vent: quills and tail dufky, edged with yeHow -y the\nlaft ever* at the end : legs pale.\nIn the mufeum of M. Tunftal, Efq.\nLe Gros-bec de la Chine, Sou. Voy. Inf. vol. ii. p. 199. GREY-NI\nGR.\nECKED\nCIZE of the Hawfinch. Bill and irides yellow : the head\nblack : hind part of the neck dirty brown, the fore part\ngrey: wing coverts blueifh black ; about the middle a fpot of\nwhite: the fecond quills black, bordered with white on the\ninner web: the prime quills black for two-thirds, and white\nfrom thence to> the end : the rump grey: the tail black: the\nbelly pale rufous: vent white:, legs yellow-\nVol. II. U The i\6\nG R O S\nE A K.\nThe female has the head grey, and the quills black,, bordered,\nonly with white : in. other things like the male.\nInhabits China.\nS6.\nORANGE GR.\nLe Bouver\nBuf. of. iv. p. 387.\u00E2\u0080\u0094-?/. enl. 204. f. 1, 2.\nLENGTH four i\nthe head black:\nand a half. Bill dufky : the top of\nthe wings and tail dufky black,, edged with\norange, and fome of the inner quills with white; the reft of the\nbird a fine orange: legs pale red.\nThe female has the whole head, and fore part of the neck,\nblack:- the under part of the body white; the reft of, the body\n\u00C2\u00A9range, but lefs bright: and the quills edged with grey.\nInhabits the Ifle of Bourbon-,, the laft has been brought from-\nthe Cape of Good Hope.\nWHITE-BILLED\nGR.\nLe Bouvreuil a bee blanc, Buf. oif. iv. p, 388;\nLoxia torrida, Scop. ann. i. N\u00C2\u00B0 204.\n(T^- ENER A T. colour black : breaft and belly chefnut . the\ntwo middle tail feathers the longeft.\nThis was fent from South America by Qh Jacquin, and was defcribed from the living bird by Scopoli. That mg^jtioned by\nBuffon had a white bill,, and came from Guiana. GROSBEAK.\nLoxia fufca, Lin. Syft. i. p. 307. N\u00C2\u00B0 ifi.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ameen. acad. iv. p. 245\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ofb. Voy. ii.\np. 329.\nLe petit Bouvreuil noir d'Afrique, Brif. em. iii. p. 319. pl. 17. f. i*.\nCI Z E of a Canary-bird. Bill fhort and thick, and of a lead-\ncolour : the head and upper parts of the body brown: the\nunder of a pale afh-colour : vent pure white : the quills dufky\nblack: the bafe of eight of the middle quills white : tail the\ncolour of the quills, with palifh ends : legs pale.\nInhabits Africa ; alfo met with at Bengal.\nLoxia atra, Brun, orn, N\u00C2\u00B0 244.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Muller, p. 30. N\u00C2\u00B0 249.\nNORTHERN\nGR.\n'THE colour of this bird is wholly black, except a foot of De:\nwhite on the wing.\nInhabits the northern parts of Europe, 5\nLoxia nigra, Lin. Syft. i. p. 306. N\u00C2\u00B0 40.\nLe Bouvreuil noir du Mexique, Brif. or\nP- 394-\nLittle Black Bulfinch, Catefb. Car. i. ]\nGuian. p. 179.\n'3.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif.iv.\n, pl. 69.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Banff.\n60.\nBLACK GR.\nCIZE of a Canary-bird : length five inches and a quarter.\nBill black, flout, and deeply notched in the middle of the\n* The bird defcribed by Briffon was of a greenifh black above, and had three\nwhite fpots on the head ; one from the forehead to the crown, and one on each\nfide beneath the eye ; and only fix of the middle quills white. A bird\nlikewife in Pl. enlum. 319. f. 1. anfwers pretty well to the above defcription,\n..but the feathers on the belly feem long and frizzled. This came from Brafil.\nU 2\nuppe- G R 0 S 8 I A K>\nupper mandible : plumage black, except a little white on the\nfore part of the wing, and bafe of the two firft quills: legs\nblack,\nInhabits Mexico.\nTHICK-BILLED\nGR.\nDescription.\nCIZE of a Bulfinch : length five inches three quarters. The\nbill is of a large fize, and deeper than it is long, being\nthree quarters of an inch from the bafe on the forehead to that\nof the under jaw: the bafe of the upper mandible paffes\nbackward fome way on the forehead; about one-third from the\ntip is a deep notch; the colour of the bill a pale yellow: the\nplumage is wholly black, except the bottoms of the quills, which\nare white, forming a fpot on the wing: tail two inches long;\nbafe of the middle feathers white: legs whitifh.\nIn Mr. Tmfial's collection. Native place uncertain.\n62.\nBLACK-\nBREASTED GR.\nDescription. O IZ E of the leaft Titmoufe : length fcarcely four inches. Bill\nblack: the plumage on the upper parts in general black:\nbeneath white, except a band of black acrofs the breaft; above\nwhich the white paffes in a narrow crefcent almoft round the\nneck; on the wings are two bands of white: tail rounded, and\nblack; the feathers rather fharp at the ends : legs brown.\nThis is in the Britifh Mufeum, and I believe came from fome\npart of America. GROSBEAK.\nLoxia lineola, Lin. Syft. i. p. 304. 2;.\n149\nLINEATED GR,\nCIZE of a Titmoufe. Bill black, gibbous; at the bafe of Description\nthe upper mandible a fpot of white, and a white line from\nthe forehead to the crown: the plumage on the upper parts is\ngloffy blue-black ; beneath white: the quills black ; bafe of the\nprime ones white, forming a fpot of white on the wing: tail\nblack, bifurcated.\nInhabits Afiia. Place.\nLe Bouvreuil d' Hamburg, Brif, orn. iii; p. 314. N\u00C2\u00B0 2.\nLe Hambouvreux, Buf. oif. iv. p. 398.\nHamburg Tree Creeper, Albin. iii. pl. 24.\nCIZE of a Bulfinch : length five inches three quarters. Bill\nblack : irides yellow: upper part of the head and neck reddifh brown, with a purplifh tinge: throat brown: fore part of\nthe neck white, acrofs the middle of it a brown band : breaft,\nback, rump, feapulars, and upper tail coverts, yellowifh brown,\nmarked with black: belly, fides, thighs, and vent, white : on\nthe wing coverts two white bands; quills yellowifh brown : tail\ndull brown, andjounded in fhape.\nThis is faid to be found about Hamburg, running up and\ndown the trees like a Creeper or Titmoufe, and to feed on infects.\nLoxia melanocephala, Lin. Syft. i. p. 305. N\u00C2\u00B0 34;\nLe Gros-bec de Gambie, Brif. orn. iii. p. 230. N\u00C2\u00B0 J.\nGrofbeak from Gambia, Albin. iii. pl. 62.\nTE N G T H fix inches and a quarter. Bill cinereous: irides\nblack : head, throat, and fore part of the rieck, black : reft\n7 of\n64.\nHAMBURG\nGR.\nDescriptiok\nGAMBIA GR BLACK-\nHEADED GR.\nPl. XLIII.\nGROSBEAK.\nof the body yellow, mixed with green : legs blueifh afh-colour.\nPlace. From Gambia in Africa.\nLev. Muf.\nJ ENGTH nine inches. Bill very flout, one inch long, and\nblack; at the middle of the edge of the upper mandible a\nfharp procefs, and a notch on the under one partly correfponding\nwith it; the bafe white : the head and throat black: general\ncolour of the plumage deep crimfon, inclining to pink on the\nunder parts : quills and tail of a dufky red ; the fhape of the\nlaft rounded, and the feathers a little pointed at the ends : legs\nbrown.\nThe female has the head and throat black : the upper part of\nthe body a greenifh orange, with a mixture here and there of\nred : fides of the neck of a deep orange red : from the breaft to\nthe vent orange yellow : quills olive green, with the outer edges\nof fome of them rufous.\nInhabits Cayenne.\nLe Bouvreuil huppe d'Amerique, Brif. orn. iii. p. 327. N\u00C2\u00B0 10.\nLe Huppe noire, Buf. oif. iv. p. 397.\nAvis Americana, Rubicilla, &c. Seba, vol. i. pl. 102. f. 3.\n\"DIGGER than our Bulfinch : length near fix inches. Bill\nwhite, half an inch long: on the head is a black creft : the\nupper parts of the body, wings';\" and tail, are fcarlet: the under\nblue : on the middle of the fore part of the neck a black fpot.\nInhabits America.\n3 Loxia \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 -!$M^&^eA'&<*S\u00E2\u0084\u00A2j\u00C2\u00A3: GROSBEAK.\n. N\u00C2\u00B0u.-\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 iii- p-\nvoy. ii. p. 328.\n68.\n*H5- pl. g. i. 2.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl\nWHITE-\nHEADED GR.\nLoxia Maia, Lin, Syft. i. p. $0\nLe Maia de la Chine, Brif. or\npl. 109. f. i>\nLe Maian, Buf. oif. iv. p. 107. pl. 3. (lowed figure-)\nMalacca Grofbeak, Edw, pl. 306. f. 1.\nT ENGTH four inches. Bill grey brown, paleft beneath:\nhead and neck dirty white: upper parts of the body, wings,\nand tail, chefnut brown : breaft pale brown : belly and vent\nblackifh : the fecond and fourth quills white : legs grey.\nInhabits Malacca and China. Buffon's fpecimen had the breaft\nas well as the belly black, and the bill lead-colour.\nLoxia fanguiroftris, Lin. Syft. i\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094Oft. voy. ii. p. 329.\nBrafilian Sparrow, Edw. 271. J\np. 303. N\u00C2\u00B0 20.\u00E2\u0080\u0094'Am.ee-,\n-. p. 243.\nCIZE of a Sifkin. .Bill thick, bare far back at the bafe, and\nof a deep blood red: forehead above the eye, and. round to\nthe chin,.black: reft of the head, neck, back, and wings, grey\nbrown: breaft, belly, and bend of the wjng, yellowifh white:\nquills and tail brown: legs pale red.\nInhabits Africa and Afia.\nThe middle of the feathers were hfeckifh in Edwards's bird,\nand the eye-lids red.\nL'oxia.,virens, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 303. N\u00C2\u00B0 23.-.\nHP H E general colour of this bird is green; but the wing coverts on the fhoulders are blue::the quills and.tail black,\nwith greenifh margins.\nInhabits Surinam..\nLoxia\nDescription\nBLUE-SHOULDERED GR.\nDescription. 152\nGROSBEAK.\n-,, Loxia aftrild, Lin. Syft. i. p. 303. N\u00C2\u00B0 21.\n4- WAX-BILL Le Senegali raye, Brif. om. iii. p/iio. N\u00C2\u00B0 64. pl. 10. f. $.'\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. eif. iv-\nGR- p. 101. pl. 2. f. 2.\u00E2\u0080\u0094P/. enl. 157. f. _.\nWaxbill, Edw. pl. 179. 354.\n2.r. Muf. Lets. Muf\nDescription. 'T* HIS is fcarce bigger than a Wren: length four inches and\na third. The bill is fomewhat gibbous at the bafe, and of a\ndeep red colour: a ftreak of red paffes through the eye; and the/;\nmiddle of the breaft and belly of the fame colour: the upper\nparts of the body are brown, the under reddifh grey, crofTed\nevery where with tranfverfe blackifh lines: the quills and tail I\nbrown : the laft cuneiform* brown, croffed with lines of darker\nbrown: legs brown.\nIn fome birds the tail is plain brown, and the vent and under\ntail coverts black*, which is the cafe in a fpecimen in my\npoffeffion. I have alfo feen others, which varied much from?\ncither,, efpecially in regard to the having more or lefs of the black\nlines.\nPlace. Thefe inhabit the Canary Iflands, Madeira jr, Senegal, Angolay\nthe Cape of Goad Hope_ and India $_ -*\n* This pats me in n\nblack vent, the female\n\ Forft. Voy. p. 26.\n% To which Linnaus adds. America, Surinam,\nii e-f the- Bearded Ttrmeufi; the male of which Has at\n>t. May not this mark diftinguifh the fexes r GROSBEAK.\nLe Serevan, Buf. oif. iv. p. 103.\nMoineau du Senegal, Pl. enl 230. f. 3.\nRed-rumped Wax-bill Finch, Brown's III. p. 70. pl. 29.\nLev. Muf.\nT ENGTH four inches. Bill like red fealing-wax: head, and\nback part of the neck, cinereous: back and wing coverts\nbrown: greater quills dufky: belly and breaft dirty white:\nupper tail coverts crimfon, and a bar of the fame acrofs the vent:\nthe tail is dufky : legs dark grey.\nInhabits Benguela and Senegal, in Africa.\nThe under parts in fome fpecimens incline to yellow, and have\nthe fides of the rump and wing coverts fpotted with white : the\nbafe of the bill bordered with black. Such an one was brought\nfrom the Ifle of France, by M. Sonnerat.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Others have the under\nparts of a pale yellow : neither the bill nor rump red: the legs yellowifh, and totally without white fpots: perhaps of a different fex.\nThere is alfo in fome birds a tinge of red on the breaft, and fore\npart of the neck; and the tail fomewhat longer in proportion:\nthefe fuppofed to come from the Cape of Good Hope.\nLe Petit Moineau du Senegal, Buf. oif. iv. p. 104.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 230. f. z>\nCIZE of the laft. Bill red : through the eyes a ftreak of the\nfame : throat, and fides of the neck, blueifh white : the reft\nof the under parts of the body, and rump, rofe-coloured white,\nmore or lefs deep: the top of the head, neck, and back, blue,\nlighteft on the head: wings brown: tail blackifh : legs red.\nInhabits Senegal.\nRED-RUMPED\nGR.\nVar. B.\nWHITE-\nRUMPED GR.\nVol. II.\nX G R O S\nE A K.\nWhite-tailed Wax-bill Finch, Brown** III. p. 77. pl. 29.\nJ^ENGTH three inches. Bill like red fealing-wax: head and\nwing coverts cinereous: back of a rich yellow: breaft and\nbelly pale yellow: tail white; the two outer feathje\"S\u00C2\u00A7. black:\nlegs, flefh-colour.\nInhabits Brafil.\nLoxia cana, Lin\ni. p. 305. 35,\nLe Pmcon cendre des Indes, Brif. <\nLa Linotte Gris-de-Fer, Buf oif. iv\nGrey Finch, Edw. pl. 179. f. 1.\nhMA- p* \\np. 82.\nCIZE of a Linnet. Bill dull afh-colour; bafe of the under\nmandible furrounded with white : eyes blackifh : round the\neyes pale : plumage on the upper parts deep afh-colour, growing\npaler towards the rump: beneath pale blueifh afh-colour: greater\nquills white at the bafe, and blackifh at the ends : tail blackifh,,\nmargined with pale afh-colour: legs dull flefh-colour.\nInhabits Afia.\nLoxia Malabarica, Lin. Syft. i. p. 305. 33.\nCIZE and fhape of a Titmoufe. Bill black : throat white J\nbody cinereous : quills and tail black : vent whitifh*\nInhabits the Eaft Indies, Malabar. GROSBEAK.\n15$\nBlack-bellied Grofbeak, Bro\n's III. p. 58. pl. 24.\n\"DILL black: head, fides, and coverts of the tail, of a rich yellow, mixed in fome places with light brown: chin, breaft,\nand belly, black: wings and tail of a brownifh colour.\nInhabits Africa. Is faid to change to a light brown in\nwinter.\n7S-\nBLACK-\nBELLIED GR.\nDescription.\n76.\nASIATIC GR.\nCIZE of a Bulfinch. Bill flout, yellow : head black: plumage\non the upper parts of a reddifh afh-colour: beneath, cinereous : belly pale red: the greater wing coverts, quills, and tips\nof the tail, black; the laft forked in fhape : legs red.\nInhabits China, where it is called Lap-tzoy. I faw the above\nwell painted among fome fine drawings from China. -\nBrown-cheeked Grofbeak, Brown's III. p. _6. pl. 24. BROWN-\nCHEEKED GR.\nCIZE of the Titmoufe. Bill flout, thick, dufky: cheeks Description.\nbrown, furrounded by a border of yellow, reaching beyond the\nears, and beginning at the throat: the reft of the head, back,\nwings, and tail, pale dirty green: breaft and belly cinereous:\nlegs whitifh.\nInhabits Mexico. Defcribed from the living bird, in the col- Place.\nledYion of M. Tunftal, Efq. It has a foft and fine note, and is\ncalled by fome Tomtelio. GROSBEAK.\nRADIATED GR.\nCIZE of a Linnet: length four in\nwhite: head, neck, breaft, leffer\n:hes. Bill flout, thick,\nving coverts, and tail,\nblack: fecondaries, fides of the body, and bafe half of the prime\nquills, ftriated black and white; the end half of the laft black:\nbelly and vent white: tail three quarters of an inch in length :\nlegs dufky.\nIn the living collection of her Grace the Dutchefs Dowager of\nPortland.\nGros-bec gris perle\", Salern. orn. p. 278. 16.\nCIZE of a Wren. Head, and upper parts of the body, black :\nbeneath brown : with an agreeable mixture of black and\nwhite towards the thighs and tail.\nInhabits Whidah in Africa, lives on grain, and has an agreeable\nnote.\nThis feems not far different from the laft.\nFafciated Grofbeak, Brown's III. p. 64. pl. 27.\nLev. Muf.\nT^ENGTH four inches and a half. Bill blueifh grey:\ncrown, hind part of the neck, the back, and leffer wing coverts, pale brown, marked-with femicircular lines of black : cheeks\nplain brown, bounded beneath with a rich crimfon band, under\nwhich is a black line: breaft and belly pale brown, flightly\nmarked with femicircular lines: quills and tail brown: legs flefh-\ncolour.\nInhabits Africa f\nBrown GROSBEAK,\n\u00C2\u00BBS7\nBrown Grofbeak, Brown's III p. -_\u00C2\u00BB.\n251. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Muller,\nN\u00C2\u00BB\n254.-\n-Kram\n. ,/. p.\n37\u00C2\u00BB-\n^5-\n-_>\u00C2\u00BB/\u00C2\u00AB_\npl. 7\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nGeorgi Refe, p.\n174\nL'Ort\nolan de Rofeaux\nBr\nif. orn\n111. p\n274.-\n-_?\u00C2\u00AB/.\n\u00E2\u0080\u009E/. iv.\nP- 3*5\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl.\n247. f. 2. (the\nmale\n)497-\n2. (female)\nGreat\ner Reed Sparrow\n, P.\ntit Syn\nP-93-\nA-3-\n-Will\norn,p\n. 269.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n-Albin, ii.\npl. 51.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Br. Zool. i\nN\u00C2\u00B0u\nQ.f\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ara. Zooi\nBr.Muf Lev.Muf.\nCIZE of the Yellow Bunting r length five inches and three Description.\nquarters. Bill brown : irides hazel: the head, throat, fore\npart of the neck, and breaft, black :\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 on each fide of the neck a\npale ftreak, which paffes backward, encirling the back part of the\nneck, as a ring: the upper parts of the body and wings brownifh\nred,, with- a ftreak of black down the fhafts : the lower part of\nthe breaft and belly white, ftreaked with dufky on the fides : the\neight middle tail feathers black; the two middle ones edged\nwith rufous; the others only fo on the outer margins; the laft\nbut one white, except from the bafe to the middle of the inner\nweb, which is black, and the.fhaft wholly black; the outer one-\nis alfo white, except at the bafe and tip, where it is dufky; all of'\nthem fharpifh at the ends : the legs pale brown.\nIn young-birds the black on the head is mixed with brown *.\nThe female has the head and neck partly of the fame colour as Female. .\nthe upper parts of the body ; otherwife is marked much like the\nmale, though more dull.\nThis fpecies frequents marfhy grounds in England, efpecially. fj*08 AND\n* \u00E2\u0080\u00A2' At the approach' of winter the head changes to hoary, buton return of\n' fpring refumes its priftinp jettynefs.\" Br. Zool. 1\nBUN\nN\nwhere reeds grow; between four of which it faftens the neft *,\ntwo or three feet above the water. It is compofed of dry grafs-\nftalks, and lined within with the foft down of the reed: the eggs\nare four or five in number, of a blueifh white, marked with irregular purplifh veins, moft.confpicuous at the large end.\nI have now and then feen this bird in hedges on the high\nroads; but its refort is for the moft part near the water,- and it\nis moft likely that it feeds on the feeds of the reed, like the\nBearded Titmoufe -j-, as I have found the feeds in its flomach.\nThey are fufficiently plenty; but I do not find that they form\nthemfelves into flocks of more than fix or eight together.\nWith us they remain the whole year; but in fome parts of the\ncontinent feem migratory. In the province of Lorrain numbers\nare feen paffing on their paffage to other parts, both in fpring;\nand autumn J, though fome few flay there the whole year. The\nextreme limits of their peregrination are between Sweden and\nItaly.\nIn fpring the male fits perched on a reed, and has a pleafing\nkind of warbling fong. It is frequently heard to fing in the\nnight, as well as day-time.\nBuffon mentions a bird by the name of Coqueluche ||, which came\nfrom Sibiria; but I do not find any thing in the defcription differing from our Reed Sparrow, except that it has only a fhort\n* Not at equal diilances, but two and two on each fide, pretty near eacl\nother, the reft of the neft hanging free.\nt In Auflria faid to be fond of millet. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 \" Viilitat feminibus, prafertin\n\" milio.\" Kramer.\n% Hifl. des oif. || Id. vol. iv. p. 320. BUNTING. 175\nftripe of white near the gape of the bill, inftead of paffing downwards on each fide of the neck, as in the laft-named bird.\nTEN G T H five inches and a half. Bill orange brown : head Description.\nand neck dufky black : upper parts of the body brown :\nwing coverts incline to afh-colour: prime quills dufky, edged\nwith cinereous; fecondaries dufky, the outer webs brown : the\nfix middle tail feathers dufky; the next on each fide the fame,\nbut white from the bafe to within a little of the end \u00C2\u00ABn the inner\nweb; the two outer ones wholly white, except the end of the\noutermoft, which is fringed with dufky near the tip : under parts\nof the body pale *- legs orange brown.\nIn Sir Jofeph Banks's collection, from the Cape of Good Hope. Place;\nLe Gavoue de Provence, Buf. oif iv. p. 321V\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 656. 1. MUSTACHOE\nB.\nJ yENGTH four inches and two thirds. Bill dufky : upper dESCRiPTIok,\nparts not unlike our Reed Sparrow : through the eye a\nftreak of white, paffing on each fide of the neck: under the eye a\nlarge patch of black : chin white : on each fide the throat, from\nthe under jaw, a ftreak of black: breaft, and fides, pale brown,\nfpotted with black; the reft of the under parts white : acrofs the\nmiddle of the wings a bar of white : quills and tail dufky, edged\nwith rufous: legs pale brown.\nInhabits Provence : feeds on grain : perches often. In April Place,\nis faid to fing agreeably. Is called there Chic-gavotte, and -Chic-\ntnouftache. vj6\nI N G.\nLe Mitilene de Provence, Buf. oif. iv. p. 322.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 656. 2.\nHP HI S is fomewhat like the laft, but has not the black fpot\nunder the eye; having, inftead of it, only, three narrow\nblack bands, the fpaces between which are white : it is alfo white\nround the eye: the breaft, rump, and fides, are not fpotted with\ndufky : the tail feathers are white, or edged with it, except the\ntwo middle, which are dufky, edged with rufous.\nThis alfo is found in Proven'ce, and differs in not being in fong\ntill June; is more rare than the laft, and very wild; and, fetting\nup a feream on the approach of any of the birds of prey *, it is\ncalled Chic, or Chic de Mitilene.\nL'Ortolan de Lorraine, Buf. oif. iv. p. 323.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL t\nOrtolan de pafiage, Pl. enl. 511. f. 2. (female)\n. (male).\nJ E N G T H fix inches and a half. Bill brownifh flefh-colour :\nthe upper parts of the head, neck, and body, are rufous,\ndafhed with black: fides of the head pale: through the eye a\nftreak of black : from the bafe of the lower mandible, and round\nthe chin, rifing to the ears, another ftreak of black : the under\nparts, as far as the 'breaft, pale afh-colour, dotted with Mack;\n* The Greeks in the ifland of Leftes, or Metelin, are faid to ufe this inftinft to\ntheir advantage, by placing one of thefe birds among their poultry in their\nyards, in a ftrong cage; by which means the fowls there kept are fooner ad-\nvifed of the approach of the Hawk, or any bird of prey, than by any other\nmethod.\u00E2\u0080\u0094#//?. des oif.\nfrom BUNTING.\nfrom thence to the vent deep rufous: leffer wing coverts plain\nafh-colour; the others rufous and black mixed: the two middle\ntail feathers rufous; the others part black and part white; but\nthe outer ones have moft white in them.: legs pale red brown.\nThe female is only five inches and three quarters long. The\nbill black at the point: upper parts much like the male: no\nblack ftreaks on the fide of the head; but inftead, a whitifh trace\nover the eye, and a patch of rufous beneath it: the under parts\nare white, which paffes backwards a little on each fide of the\nneck, like a half-collar: legs black: the tail, in the figure, feems\nto be quite white beneath, except juft at the tips of the outer\nfeathers, which have a dufky ftreak.\nInhabits Lorrain.\n\u00C2\u00BB7T\nEmberiza Ludovicia, Lin. Syft. i. p. 3\nL'Ortolan de la Louifiane, Brif om. i\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 158. f. l.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ara. Zool.\n. p. 278. 6.-Buf. oif. i\nLOUISIANE B.\nCIZE of the Yellow-hammer: length five inches and a\nquarter. Bill ,rufous, fpotted with black: the head, throat,\nand fore part of the neck, pale rufous: the top of the head\nis furrounded with a wreathed irregular ftreak of black, fomewhat\nlike an horfe-fhoe: beneath the eye is a ftreak, and feveral\nleffer markings of black: the upper parts of the body rufous,\ndafhed with black: the lower part of the back, the rump, and\nupper tail coverts, black : breaft and fides rufous : belly, thighs,\nand under the tail, rufous white: greater wing coverts black,\nwith rufous edges: quills the fame: tail a little cuneiform, and\nblack: legs afh-colour.\nInhabits Louifiana.\nVol. II.\nAa\nEmberiza 173\nI N G.\n14. Emberiza Pfittaeea, Lin. Syft. i. p. $iz. 18,\nPSITTACEOUS La Linotte a longue queue du Brefil, Brif. orn. iii. p. 147. 35.\nLa Veuve eteinte, Buf. oif. iv. p. 168.\nFringilla Brafilienfis, Seba, i. p. 103. pl. 66. f. 5.\nDescription. CI Z E of a Sparrow : length eleven inches and a half. General colour a dull greyifh afh : the bafe of the bill furrounded\nwith pale red: wings yellow and pale red mixed: the tail the\ncolour of the body; the two middle feathers much longer * than.\nthe others, and tipped with chefnut.\nPi ace. Inhabits Brafil.\n15. Emberiza Paradifaea, Lin, Syft. i. p. 312. 19.\u00E2\u0080\u0094-Scop. ann. i. N\u00C2\u00B0 216 f\u00C2\u00BB\n4-WHIDAHB. La Veuve, Brif. om. iii. p. 120. 25. pl. 8. f. 1.\nLa Veuve a collier d'or, Buf. oif. iv. p. 155. pl. 6,\nGrande Veuve d'Angola, PL enl. 194 \\\n\u00C2\u00A3$H\u00C2\u00BBs Another Indian long-tailed Sparrow, Will. orn. p. 25.1. \u00C2\u00A7,. II.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Rail Syn\u00C2\u00B1\np. 87, 10.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Petiv. Gaz. pl. 55. f. I,\nRed-breafted long-tailed Finch, Edw. pl. 8-6..\nLev. Muf.\nDescription. TD ATHER lefs than a Hedge Sparrow: length to the fide\ntail feathers five inches and a half. The bill lead-colour::\nirides hazel || : the head, chin, and fore part of the neck,, back,.\n* Three times the length of the body. Hifl. des oif.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0f Scopoli thinks that this does not differ from the laft.\nJ Both in this,, and the plate of the Hij% des of. the figures are- thofe of the-\nWhidah Bird, which is what Buffon would have us. underftand to be his Veuve?\na collier d'or. This is clear from his references: there muft be therefore fome_\naniftake in this matter. The grande Veuve is a different bird.\nI Chefnut, Buffon..\nwings* U N\nI N G.\nwings, and tail, black: neck behind pale orange : breaft, and\nupper part of the belly, a full orange: lower belly, and thighs,\nwhite: vent black : the two middle tail feathers are four inches\nin length, very broad, and ending in a long thread; the two next\nare thirteen, or more, inches in length, very broad in the middle,\nnarrower at the end, and rather pointed; from the middle of the\nfhaft of this laft arifes another long thread; the reft of the tail\nfeathers are only two inches and a quarter long; the two middle\nlong ones are placed fomewhat vertically, and appear undulated\nacrofs, and are more gloffy than the others : the legs flefh-\ncolour.\nThe female is wholly of a deep brown, almoft black; but does\nnot gain the full plumage under three years.\nThis fpecies moults twice in a year. The male wants the long\ntail feathers fix months out of twelve: it moults in' November,\nwhen it firft lofes them, and the plumage is of a mixed black and\nreddifh colour, and the head ftreaked black and white: it moults\nagain late in fpring, when it gets the fummer plumage; but the\ntail feathers are fcarce complete till June, and fall again in November, as before mentioned.\nThe females, when young, are nearly like the males in their\nwinter drefs.\nThis is pretty common at Angola, and other parts of Africa;\nand is called la Veuve, or Widow Bird, from the colour *. They\nare often brought into Europe, where they frequently live many\nyears, and are in general lively active birds.\n* Willughby :\u00E2\u0080\u0094But Edwards gives another reafon for the name\u00E2\u0080\u0094being a corruption of Whidah, a fort in Africa, in the neighbourhood of which they are common. Whidah Bird, and Widow Bird, are founds very fimilar.\nA a _ DOMINICAN B.\nBUN\nEmberiza ferena, Lin. Syft, i. p. 31:\nLa petite Veuve, Brif. orn. iii. p. 1\nLa Veuve Dominicaine, Buf. oif iv\n26. pi. 8. f. z.\n. 160.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. i\nDATHER lefs than the laft: total length fix inches and\nthree quarters. Bill red:- upper part of the head black; the\ncrown rufous white: the back part of the neck, beneath the\nhead, is rufous white, which paffes forwards to join with the under parts, all of which, from the chin, and beneath the eyes, are\nalfo rufous white*: the hind part of the neck, and back, are\nblack, edged with dirty white : inner wing coverts white; reft of\nthe wing black; the quills edged with white: the tail is black;\nthe two middle feathers are \"pointed at the ends, and are more\nthan two inches longer than the others, all of which leffen in\nlength as they are placed outwardly;, three of them, next to the\nmiddle feathers, have white tips; and the two outer ones are\nwhite on the infide, and pale rufous without: the legs are\ngrey.\nThe female is of an uniform brown colour; and the feathers,\nof the tail are all. of equal lengths, the two middle ones not being\nlonger than the others.\nThis fpecies moults twice in the year, like the laft; and, like\nthat, lofes its long tail feathers.\n* The parts defcribed as rufous white by 2\nand in Buffbn's account ofthe bird..\n, are white in the Pl. e. Emberiza vidua, Lin. Syft. i. p. 312. 21.\nLa grande Veuve, Brif. om. iii. p. 127.\nLong-tailed Sparrow with a fcarlet bill,\nSyn. p. 87. 9.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pet. Gaz. pl. 55, f.\n:7.-Buf. oif. iv. p. 162.\nWill. orn. p. 251. pl. 45.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Rail\nT ESS than a Sparrow. Bill red: head, and all the upper\nparts, of a greenifh black: fides of the head, and under\nparts, dirty white, the black coming forwards on each fide of the\nneck, like an half collar: acrofs the wing coverts a band of\nwhite; the quills are fringed with brown: the tail feathers are\ntwelve in number; four of the middle ones are very long, the\ntwo middle ones being ten inches and a half in length, and the\nnext on each fide nine inches; the others even; the long ones\nare wholly black; the others black on the outer webs, and white\nwithin; the two colours obliquely divided, having moft white on\nthe outer feathers : legs black, or brown: claws pale. This is\n.the defcription of one in my poffeffion; but Briffon mentions a\nfecond band, of a yellowifh colour, beneath the white one; and.\nthat the legs are fpotted with black and white.\nInhabits India..\n+- LONG-\nTAILED B.\nDescription.\n- Emberiza principalis, Lin. Syft. i, p. 313. 22,.\nLa Veuve d'Angola, Brif. om. app. p. 80,\nLa Veuve mouchetee, Buf of. iv. p. 165.\nLong-tailed Sparrow, Edw. pl. 270. JPh|j_N.-'\nCIZE of the Whidah Bird. Bill red: the upper parts of the\nhead and body are black and rufous mixed, the black occupying the middle of each feather : the fides of the head, and under\nparts, are white, except the breaft, which is of a pale rufous:\nthe\nVARIEGATED\nDescription, U N\nI N G.\nthe leffer wing coverts are white, the greater black, with rufous\nedges; quills of this laft colour: the tail is compofed of twelve\nfeathers; the two middle ones exceed the others by five inches\nand a half; the next on each fide are one inch fhorter, thefe are\ndeep black; the others, which are fhort, and of equal length, are\nof a dull brown-colour, margined with pale brown, and marked\neach with a white fpot at the inner web : legs flefh-colour.\nI have a great fufpicion that the two laft birds are one and the\nfame, though the marks of the upper part may be different, as\nwe know that all the Whidah Birds vary exceedingly, both in\ndifferent times of the year, as well as age : whoever obferves the\nfigures referred to in the fynonyms, will be of my opinion.\nBuffon thinks, that both this and the laft bird have twelve feathers in the tail, like others of this clafs, and that the four long\nfeathers are fupernumerary ones, as in the Peacock; but I can\naffure him, that in the long-tailed there are only twelve in\nall; and in the prefent one, had they been otherwife, fo accurate\na defcriber as Edwards could not have failed mentioning if\nThis laft author obferves, that the bird foon gains again the long\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2feathers after moulting, contrary to the Whidah Bird, which is\noften half a year without them.\nThis fpecies is found at Angola. The laft is faid to come from\nIndia ; but I have feen fpecimens of the laft, which were faid to\ncome likewife from Angola, and is an additional reafon for my\nthinking them the fame bird. .mberiza regia, Lin. Syft. i. p. 313. 23.\nLa Veuve de la Cote d'Afrique, Brif 0\nenl. 8. f. 1.\nn. iii. p.\n_e Veuve a quatre brins, Buf. oif. iv. p.\n158. pl\nBr. Muf. Le\nv. Muf.\n129. 28. pl. 9. f. i\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Pl. __ SHAFT-\n- * TAILED B.\nCIZE of a Linnet: length to the fhorter tail feather nearfour\ninches and a half. Bill red : the upper parts of the plumage\nare black : fides of the head even with the eyes, the under parts,\nand round the neck, are rufous ; the hind part of the neck\nfpotted with black : lower part of the thighs and vent black : the\nfour middle tail feathers are nine or ten inches long, and are\nwebbed only for about two inches- at the ends; the reft of them\nare fimple fhafts, with fcarcely the leaft perceivable rudiment of\na web; the others are even, fhort, and black: legs red.\nThe female is brown, and has not the long tail feathers.\nThefe birds- moult twice in a year, and in the winter moult\nthe male becomes very little fuperior to a, Linnet in colour,,\nhaving the plumage nearly like it, only, the grey a little\nbrighter.\nInhabits Africa, from the coaft's of which thefe birds are imported into England; but is a much fcarcer fpecies than the\nWhidah one.\nI have one of thefe birds in my collection ; but the upper parts-\nof the plumage are not black, confifting only of two kinds of\nferown,, the darkeft occupying the middle of the feather, not\ngreatly unlike the back of a hen Houfe Sparrow :. the tail dufky,,\niwith pale rufous margins-\nLa U N\nLa Veuve a epaulettes, Buf. oif. iv. p. 164.\u00E2\u0080\u0094/V. enl. 635.\nCape Sparrow, Kolb. Cap. ii. p. 159. p!. 7. f. 7.\n'WBM? Yellow-fhouldered Oriole, Brown's Illuft. pl. 11.\nLoxia longicauda, J. F. Miller, pl. _.. A.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nCIZ E of a Song Thrufh : total length twenty inches; from the\nbill to the fetting on of the tail only five. The bill is\nftrong and dufky ; the noftrils nearly hid in the feathers : tongue\nfharp : the general colour of the plumage deep gloffy black:\nthe leffer wing coverts are crimfon, below this a bed of white;\nfome of the quills are white, at the bafe, but hid when the wing\nis clofed ; the fecond quills are as long as the prime ones : the\ntail is compofed of twelve feathers, which hang fideways, like\nthofe on the fides of a Cock's tail; fix of the middle ones are\nvery long, but unequal in themfelves, the two longeft are fifteen\ninches long, the next on each fide fourteen inches, and the\nnext only eleven inches and a half; the others much fhorter-\nthe legs are brown, of the fize of thofe of a Thrufh: all the\nclaws long and hooked.\nThis is indigenous to the Cape of Good Hope.\nLa Veuve en feu, Buf. oif. iv. p. 167.\nLa Veuve a poitrine rouge, Pl. enl. 647.\n de l'Ifle de Panay, Son. Voy. p. 117. pi. 76.\nCIZE of the Whidah Bird: length twelve inches: colour\nwholly black, except a large fpot of a bright red colour on\nthe breaft: four of the tail feathers are very long, pointed,'\nhanging BUN\nN G.\nIianging downward, like thofe of the Whidah Bird, and are all\nof a length : legs black.\nInhabits the Ifle of Panay^\nGros-bec a poitrine conleur de fen, Sttkrn. p. 277. 14;\n\u00C2\u00A7 I Z E of a Finch-. Bill fhort, like that of a Bulfinch : top of\nthe head and neck yellow; reft of the body black : tail\nlong-.\nThis is all the defcription which the author gives of it; but\nhis calling the breaft fire-coloured, in his fpecific defcription of it,\ninclines us to think that it may have fome reference to the laft\nfpecies.\nInhabits Angola.\nEmberiza Capenfis, Lin. Syft. i. p. 310\nL' Ortolan du Cap de Bonne Efperance,\n-Buf. oif. iv. p. 328.-.P/. enl. :\n'..fLi4.fi, 4.\nCIZE of the laft: length five inches three quarters. Bill\ndufky, upper part rufous yellow, varied with black: top of\nthe head and neck dirty grey and black mixed : fides of the head\nand chin dirty White, croffed with two ftreaks of black, the one\nthrough the eyes, the other beneath them: the under parts\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2dirty yellowifh white: the leffer wing coverts rufous ; the greatest\nones, quills, and tail, dufky, with rufous edges \u00E2\u0080\u00A2: legs blackifh. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nInhabits the Cape of Good Hopd\n'Jesciuption.\nB b BUN\nI N\nL'Ojtolan a ventre jaune du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Buf. oif. iii. p. 326.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nPL enl. 664. f. 2. (the male), f. 1. (the female, or a young bird).\nJ^ENGTH fix inches and a quarter. Bill dufky : top of the\nhead and fides yellowifh white : over the eye from the noftrils\nan arched ftripe of black ; behind the eye a fecond; and from\nthe lower mandible another, quite irregular, paffing in the direction of the jaw, and uniting at the back part with the two\nothers, wholly furrounding the fide of the head : at the nape is\na patch of the fame colour: the lower part of the neck and\nback are brown; the feathers margined with paler brown: the\nrump grey : all the under parts yellow, inclining to red on the\nbreaft, and verging to white at the chin and vent: the leffer\nwing coverts cinereous ; the middle ones white ; and the greater\nblack, with rufous margins: quills black, bordered with white,\nbut thofenext the body have the edges rufous: the tail appears\nforked, and each of the bifurcations is cuneiform in itfelf,\nas the outer and inner feathers of both parts are fomewhat\nfhorter than the others; the two middle feathers are dufky\nbrown, the others dufky with pale edges, and fome of the outer\nones are tipped with white: the legs are pale flefh-colour. This\nis fuppofed to be the male.\nTHE other figure has the upper parts rufous brown: the\nmiddle of the feathers dufky : the rump afh-colour: the mid-\nJ&t of the wing rufous longitudinally the whole way from the\nbend : the under parts of the body dirty white: the head is not\nblack, but only two black ftreaks on the fides, the one behind\nthe BUNTING.\nthe eye and beneath it, the other in the direction of the under\njaw: the tail wholly brown, edged with rufous.\n187\nT Likewife obferve a third figured in the Planches Enluminees *,\nwhich has great refemblance to the laft. The top of the\nhead has a mixture of black and grey, and two ftreaks of black\nin the fame places as in the laft bird, but rather broader; the\nupper parts more inclined to rufous : fides of the head grey:\nunder parts of the body dirty white, marked with a mixture of\ncinereous on the fore part of the neck: fides of the body pale\nrufous : tail as in the laft bird ; the under part of it cinereous :\nlegs pale yellow.\nThis bird, Buffon fays, is common alfo at Cayenne, where it\nis called Bonjour-commandeur f, from its cuftom of finging at\nday-break; and is very common about inhabited places; has a\nnote almoft like a Sparrow; found often on the ground, and for\nthe moft part two and two together.\nI cannot confider the three laft-defcribed but as mere varieties,\nand, in all probability, of the Cape fpecies likewife ; but nothing\nmore than conjecture can be had about them, as their manners\nare not known.\nCIZE of a Bunting. Kll flefh-coloured : noftrils covered with ,\nfmall tufts of feathers : on the cheeks, and beneath the bill,\nother tufts: head pale brown : back, wings, and breaft, the fame,\nfpotted with darker brown: belly white: quills and tail brown,\nbarred with deep brown : legs rofe-colour: hind claw long, and\nfcarcely curved.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 N\u00C2\u00B0 386. f. 2. f Hifl. des oif. iv. p. 369.\nBb 2, Inhabits\nBARRED-TAIL %> U N\nN\" Gr\n' Inhabits-China, I faw the figure of this among fome Chinefe\ndrawings.\nEmberiza oryzivora, Lin. Syfl. i p. 311. 16.\nL'Ortolan de la Caroline, Brif orn. iii. p. 282, 8. pl. iy. f. _,\u00E2\u0080\u0094H enl: j88i\nf, 1.\nL'Agripenne, ou L'Ortolan de Riz, Buf. oif. iv. p. 337.\nRice Birds, Caufb. Car. i. pl. 14.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Edw. pl. 2g\.\u00E2\u0080\u0094ArcJ. Zool.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf,\nffi^ZE of a Sparrow : length, fix, inches three quarters. Bill?\ndufky. ? tjbe_.foiie p\ant and fides.of the head,. al$ the under parts,,\nand the back, are black : the feathers on the head, back, and\nthighs, have rufous margins : the back part of the head and\nneck are pM# rufous* but pale, or rather buff-colour : feapulars,,\nand leffer wing and upper tail coverts d-y\u00C2\u00BB6y white : the reft of\n*&? BftSaiiB-thers black, edged: with brown : the quills edged\nwith yellowifh grey: the tail is black; in fhape rather forked ; all\nthe feathers ending in a fharp point; the tips of them brownifh :\nthe legs brown.\nThe fe$a_# i$, q\u00C2\u00A3 tjhe fame fize and fhape, but the general colour rufous, here and there verging to brown.\nThis fpecies is migratory, but does not exceed the bounds of\nAmerica. Found in Cuba in flocks about September, and from}\nthence take their departure for Carolina, and fo on to other parts,\nflaying in each only fo long as the rice continues green; for when\nripe they will not touch it. Gome into Rhode Ifland and New\nYork at the end of April, or the fecond week in May, frequenting\nthe borders of fields, and live on infects, &c. till the maize is\nfit for their palate; when they begin by pecking holes in the\nfides of the hulks, and after fatiating themfelves go on to another i BUNTING.\nther; which leaves room for the rain to get in, and effectually\nfpoils the plants. They continue ithere during the fummer, and\nbreed, returning.,, as autumn approaches, to the fouthward. They\n^\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u00A2.frequently found mixed with the Red-winged Oriole, though\nnot one to ten of the latter ; and are alfo feen with the Blue\nJaysr The males and females do not arrive together, the females\ncome firft *.\nThis fpecies is known in the country by the names of Bob Lincoln and Conquedle ; likewife called by fome the White-backed\nMaize-thief; faid to have a fine note f, and is now and then\nkept in a cage for the fake of it.\nAgripenne, ou Ortolan de la Louifiane, Buf. of.iv.p. 339.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 38?-\nf. 2.\nCIZE of the laft. The upper parts of the head, neck, body,\nand upper wing coverts, are olive brown: the under parts\npale yellow, paleft near the vent : the rump and upper tail\ncoverts yellow, crofTed with fine lines of brown :. the greater\nwing coverts are black, edged with white : quills the fame, but\nthofe in the middle have a great portion of white : the tail feathers black, and pointed at the ends, as in the laft bird; the\ntwo middle ones are edged with yellow,, the others with yellowifh\nwhite: the bill, and legs paler than in the laft-defcribed.\nThis is found in Louifiana, and is no doubt a mere variety of?\nthe laft fpecies.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Amarn- Acad, iv. p, 576*\nt Kalm, i$o\nBUN\nN G.\nPlace and\nManners.\nEmberiza Cirlus, Lin. Syft. i.\nLe Bruant de Haye, Brif. om.\n653. f. 1. 2.\nCirlus, or Zivolo, Rail Syn. p. 93. 4.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will.\np. co.\n1. 12.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Olin. uc. pl. in p. 50.\np. 263. z.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif iv. p. 347.--Pl. e\n. p. 269. 3.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Olin. uc. pl.\nOI Z E of a Yellow-hammer: length fix inches and a quarter.\nBill cinereous brown : the head olive green, with a dufky\nline down the fhaft of each feather: fide of the head yellow,\nwith a dafh of black between the bill and eye, and fome markings of black on the ears : the chin is alfo black, paffing a little\nbackwards: the hind part of the neck, back, and rump, brown ;\nthe feathers dufky in the middle : the under parts, from the chint,\nare yellow; the breaft inclining to brown, and a few dufky ftreaks\non the fides of the body : acrofs the throat a yellow Band : the\ntail is brown, edged with grey, the outer feather with white, and\nhas alfo a fpot of white on the inner web for half the length ; the\noutermoft but one has alfo a fpot of white in the fame place,\nbut of a much fmaller fize; the fhape a little forked: the legs;\nyellowifh.\nThe female is not unlike the male on the upper parts : the\nunder are yellow, ftreaked with dufky, and inclining to white at\nthe chin and vent: in fome the breaft inclines to green.\nThefe birds are found only in the warmer parts of France and\nItaly, and frequent newly ploughed lands, feeding on grain,\nworms, and infects, which they pick out of the ground : are often\nfound among flocks of Chaffinches, and their note is a little like\nthofe birds, not unlike the words zi, zi; are eafily tamed, and\nnow and then kept in cages. Said to live fix years *. IGI\nEmberiza Cia, Lin. Syft. i. p. 310. 11.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Kram. el. p. 371. 3.\nEmberiza barbata, Scop. ann. i. p. 210.\nLe Bruant de Pres, Brif. om. iii. p. 266. 3.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 30. f. 2.\nLe Bruant fou, Buf. oif. iv. p. 351.\nI Cirlus ftultus, Raii Syn. p. 94, 5.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will. orn. 271.\nPafTeribus congener Aldr. Raii Syn. p. 87. 2 ?\nAWmall bird a-kin to the Sparrow, Will, or\np. 250 ?\nCIZE of the others. Bill dufky : head afh-coloured, fpotted\nwith black; the reft of the upper parts rufous grey, with a\nblackifh fpot down the fhaft of each, feather, inclining moft to\nrufous on the rump : fides of the head grey: over the eyes a\nwhite ftreak : through the eyes, from the bill, a black one : from\nthe bafe of the under jaw another, paffing in the direction of the\njaw, and bending upwards: the under parts- of the body more\nor lefs of a rufous-colour, almoft white on the throat: breaft\ninclining to cinereous : quills dufky, edged with white: tail\nblack; the two outer feathers beyond the middle white; the\nfhafts black; the two middle ones brown, margined with rufous.\nThe female, defcribed by LinnaUs, has a cinereous line on the\ncrown, varied on the fides with ferruginous and black : on the\ntemples a white line, and a black one from the eyes to the bafe\nof the jaws : fore part of the neck cinereous : breaft and belly\nferruginous: back reddifh, variegated with black : wings afh-\ncoloured at the bafe: tail blackifh; the two middle feathers\nbrown ; the two outfide feathers half white.\nScopoli fays, that the bird defcribed by him is the male, and\nthat of Linnaus the female; and that the male has the ftreaks\nor beards on each fide of the jaw, and the female not.\nBri{fon\: a#z\nBUN\nI N G.\nBriffon's bird is ftreaked with black beneath, which I do not\nfee in the Pl. enl.; and in this laft figure there is a line of black\nthrough the eyes.\nThis fpecies frequents the warmer parts of Europe, and is found\nchiefly in the mountainous parts *, where it is folitary : it is pretty\n^common, and defervedly has gained the name of Foolifh Sparrow,\nfrom its being ib foolifhly tame as to be caught by any fnare j\nand its note is trifling, not better than our Yellow B. and not\nunlike it, pronouncing the words zi, zi, or zip, zip f. It is met\nwith on the rocky mountains in the fouth of Sibiria, from theft\nriver Jeneife to the lake Baikal, but neither in Ruffia nor the weft\nof Sibiria %.\n, 19.pl. 6. f. 1.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\ns.8. Emberiza quelea, Lin. Syft. i. p. 310. 8.\nBLACK-FACED j__ Moineau a bee rouge de Senegal, Brif. orn. iii\nB' Buf. oif. iv. p. 485.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 183. f. _.\nLev. Muf.\n-_, CIZE of the Houfe Sparrow : length four inches three quar-\nUescription. ^ re ~1\nters. The bill flout and thick, like that of the Grofbeak\ngenus, but the formation is truly that of the Bunting; the colour of it red : the forehead, throat, and cheeks, are black :. the\nreft of the head and upper parts rufous grey : the middle of the\nfeathers on the back and upper parts dufky : the under parts pale\nrufous, and plain, inclining to white on the breaft and belly:\nquills and tail fekckifb, with cinereous margins: legs flefh-co-\nloured,\n* Kramer fays, in the fields, low fhrubs, and borders of woods.\nf It is called Cia felvatica, or Cia montanina, by the Geneefe.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Willughbyi\n% Mr. Pennant. BUN\nI N\nThe female * wants the black about the head, otherwife like Female',\nthe male.\nInhabits Africa. That figured in the Pl. enl. has the fore part Place.\n-of the neck red.\nMoineau du Senegal, Buf. of. iv. p. 4^4.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 223. f. 1.\nrYK HIS has the head, neck, and under parts red, inclining to\nrufous : the upper parts brown and dufky mixed, like our\nHoufe Sparrow : the forehead, between the bill and eye, and \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nround the throat, black: the bill is red : the legs brown.\nThis inhabits Senegal, and appears to be the laft fpecies in full\nplumage, if not of a different fex.\nB\n* This\nrif orn.\nappears to\niii. p. 108\nbe Le Moi\npl. 5. f. 4\nVol.\nII.\nWEAVJiR B,\nCIZE of a Houfe Sparrow. Bill horn-colour: the plumage D^\nabove reddifh brown; the middle of the feathers darkeft:\nover each eye, and down the middle of the crown, a ftreak of\nyellow : fides of the head mottled yellow and black : rump and\nunder parts yellow: down the middle -of the breaft a black\nftreak, broad, and a little divaricated on the fides: tail dufky;\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2legs pale.\nIn winter the yellow colour difappears, and the bird is wholly\nof a brownifh colour, like a Sparrow.\nIn the poffeffion of the Dutchefs Dowager of Portland; and I\nhave likewife heard of it in another collection. This bird, like\nthe Weaver Oriole, vol. i. p. 435, had the difpofition to interweave filk between the wires of its cage.\n11 a bee rouge du Cap de Bonne Efperance, BUN\nI N G.\nDescription.\nFemale.\nPlace.\nIt is probable that the three laft-defcribed may belong to, or\nhave the fame manners as each other, as I obferve a neft, compofed of two leaves fewed together, in the cafe with the firft, faid\nto have been done by that bird.\nMoineau de l'Ifle de France, Pl. enl 665. f. 1,2.\nCIZE of the laft. The bill dufky : the head, breaft, rump,\nupper tail coverts, and thighs, crimfon : hind part of the neck\nand back blackifh and olive mixed, with here and there a dafh of\ncrimfon : wings blackifh, with pale edges : quills and tail black,.\nedged with greyifh green: lower part of the breaft, belly, and\nvent, afh-colour : legs pale flefh-colour.\nThe female is olive green, paleft beneath: the reft as in the\nmale.\nThefe came from the Ifle of France.\n31-\nFAMILIAR B.\nEmberiza familiaris, Lin. Syft. i. 13.\nLe Bruant familier, Buf. oif. iv. p. 367.\nMotacilla familiaris, Ofb. Voy. i. p. 157.\nCIZE of a Sifkin. The bill pointed, ftrait, narrow, and\nblack : head, neck, and breaft, afh-coloured: the upper\nparts of the body afh-coloured, fpotted with brown: the lower\nparts of the back, under the wings, and towards the tail, yellow :\ntail coverts white: the tail tipped with white.\nThis was met with at Java by Mr. Ofbeck, and was exceedingly\nfamiliar; for if the cage-door was opened, it would jump upon\nthe firft perfon's hand that was offered; if -any one whiftled to\nit, it fang very fweetly in return; if it faw a difh of water, it\nwent immediately and bathed itfelf therein. It was fed with rice.\n6 Emberiza BUN\nEmberiza flaveola, Lin. Syft. i. p. 311, 14.\nLa Flaveole, Buf. oif. iv. p. 363.\nEmberiza Amazona, L\nL'Amazone, Buf. of. i\nt. Syfl. i. ]\n. p. 364.\nYELLOW-\nFACED B.\nC IZ E of a Sifkin : forehead and throat yellow: general colour Dmchptk\ngrey.\nNative place uncertain ; Linnaus fays merely, that it inhabits Place.\nwarm countries.\nAMAZON'S ]\nOI Z E of a Titmoufe : general colour brown : the crown of\nthe head yellow: bafe of the wings beneath, and vent,\nwhitifh.\nInhabits Surinam.\nEmberiza olivacea, Lin. Syft. i. p. 309. 6.\nLe Bruant de St. Domingue, Brif. orn. iii.\nL'Olive, Buf. of. iv. p. 463.\np. 300. 14. pl. 13. f. 3. the male.\nnp HIS fpecies is fcarce bigger than a Wren, the length\nonly three inches three quarters. The bill grey brown:\nthe head and upper parts of the body are olive green: throat\norange: between the bill and eye a fpot of yellow, ftretfihjiBg\nover the eyes: fore part of the neck, and upper part of the\nbreaft, black : the reft of the under parts olive grey: edge of\nthe wing yellow : quills brown, edged with olive green : tail of\nthis laft colour : legs grey brown.\nThe female has the colours lefs brilliant, though marked in\nC c 2 general 196\nB U\nN\nr n g.\ngeneral like the male: it has not the orange yellow on the head\nand throat, nor the black on the fore part of the neck and\nbreaft: all the under parts are grey, with a flight mixture of\nolive.\nInhabits St. Domingo.\nPASSERINE ]\nDescription\nEmberiza pafferina, PallasTrav. vol. i. p. 456. N\u00C2\u00B0 10.\nCI Z E of a Reed Sparrow. Head dirty, ferruginous, afh-colour j.\nfome of the feathers on the crown black :. behind the eye a\npale ftreak, and on each from the chin a white line : back grey\nbrown ; the middle of each feather black : the fore part of the\nneck black, with the margins of the feathers pale ; the reft \u00C2\u00A9f\nthe under parts cinereous white, blotched with pale ferruginous\non the fides: wings, for the moft part, ferruginous, with yellowifh margins : tail a little forked, black; the two middle\n\"feathers margined with ferruginous; the two outer ones are\nobliquely black and white, divided longitudinally, the outer feathers almoft to the bafe, and the laft but one only to the middle,\nbut the fhafts are black in both, and dilated towards the tip ]\nlegs pale brown.\nThe female is like the male, but wants the black head and\nchin.\nInhabits Ruffia. Seen in great plenty along the Jaick in au- I\ntumn, migrating in pairs to the fouth 3 is pretty tame; the flefh\naccounted excellent. I N G.\nJSmberiza rutila, Pall. Trai\nRally Bunting, ArB, Zool.\nii. p. 698. 23 .\nHP HE head, neck, breaft, and fides of this bird are ruft- D_scrh>tiok.\ncoloured: belly white: wings ferruginous, with two white\nmarks on the prime quills : tail the fame.\nInhabits Ruffia. Place. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nLev. Muf.\nCIZE of a Yellow-hammer. Bill pale brown: the upper\nparts of the plumage cinereous, ftreaked with brown on the\nback : over the eye a ftreak of yellow ; from the gape another,\npaffing under the eye : chin white: on the throat a large triangular fpot of black : breaft, and middle of the belly, yellow 1\nfides, over the thighs, ftreaked with dufky : the greater wing coverts tawny: quills and tail dufky, with pale edges : legs\nbrown.\nThe female is like the male above; but has no black fpot on\nthe throat, nor ftreaks above the eye: beneath the eye is a dufky\nftreak, in the direction of the jaw : between the bill and eye\nwhite : the belly and fides as in the male.\nInhabits America.\nBLACK-\nTHROATED :\nPl. XLIV.\nDescription.\nLe Bruant du Brefil, Brif. orn. iii. p. 299. 13.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 321. f. i\nLe Guirnegat, Buf. oif. iv. p. 361.\nGuiranheemgatu, Raii Syn. p. 89. 2.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will. orn. p. 253.\nCIZE of a Sparrow. Bill and eyes black i the crown, throat, Drscript\nneck, and under parts, yellow: back, feapulars, wings, and\ntail, varied with greenifh, yellow, and brown: legs brown.\nx The U N\nN\nThe female has not the gaudy colours of the male, bei\nplain, like a Sparrow, and has a note like it.\nThefe inhabit Brafil. The male has an agreeable note.\nLa Therefe jaune, Buf. of. iv. p, 362.\nBruant du Mexique, Pl. enl. 386. f. 1.\nT ENGTH fix inches and a half. Bill pale: head, as far as\nthe crown, fides of the head, throat, and fore part of the\nneck, yellow: the upper parts, like the Yellow B. of a brownifh\ncolour, the brown on the fides of the neck tending upwards to\nthe eye in a point: the under parts dirty white, fpotted with\nbrown : quills and tail edged with pale brown : legs pale.\nInhabits Mexico.\nEmberiza militaris, Haffelq. voy. p. 285. 48.\nOEAD and back yellowifh brown : breaft, and lower part of\nthe back, yellow : fhoulders greenifh : belly white : quills and\ntail brown ; the outer edges yellowifh at the tips: belly white.\nFound near Malta.\nEmberiza melanocephala, Scop. ann. i. p. 208.\nCIZE of a Yellow-hammer. Head black, extending to the\nmiddle of the neck : the back rufous: throat, breaft, belly,\nthighs, and rump, yellow: fides of the breaft inclined to rufous:\nquills brown, with whitifh margins: tail plain brown, but paler\nthan the quills. B U N T I N\nEmberiza brumalis, Scop. ,\nCIZE oftheSifkin. Forehead, and round the eyes, yellow:\nhind head, neck, and fides, cinereous: back yellow brown:\nthe under parts of the body, and vent, yellow : thighs-whitifh :\nquills brown, with yellow edges.\nThis fpecies is common about the county of Tyrol, in Auftria,\nwhere it is called Citrinello: is frequently caught in November,\nwith bird-lime ; and may be kept in a cage, and fed with hemp-\nfeed.\nFringilla erythropthalma, Lin. Syft. i. p. 318. 6.\nLe Pinfon de la Caroline, Brif. orn. iii. p. 169. 44.\n noir aux Yeux rouges, Buf. oif. iv. p. 141.\nTowhe Bird, Catefb. Car. i. pl. 34.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ara. Zool.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nT ENGTH eight inches. Bill brown: irides red: head,\nthroat, neck, back, wing coverts, and rump, black: breaft,\nbelly, fides, thighs, and under tail coverts, dull red: middle\nof the belly white: quills and tail black; the firft edged with\nwhite ; the laft a little forked : legs brown.\nThe female is wholly brown, except on the breaft, which has a\nflight tinge of red.\nThis fpecies inhabits Carolina, and frequents the moft fhady\nwoods : is feldom feen except in pairs : comes into New York in\nfpring: has no fong, but a kind of twittering note: is a reftlefs\nbird. By fome called the American Bulfinch. N G.\nEmberiza leucopnrys, Phil. Tranf. vol. ixii. p. 403.\nWhite-crowned Bunting, Ara. Zool.\nCIZE of a Chaffinch: length feven inches and a quarter:\nweight three quarters of an ounce. Bill flefh-colour : on the\ncrown a white ftripe, which does not quite reach the bill: on\neach fide of this is a ftripe of black: over the eyes a line of\nwhite, which paffes to the vertical ftripe behind: neck cinereous, paleft on the breaft : back ferruginous brown: rump cinereous brown: the feathers edged with cinereous: wings\nbrown; the outer edge of the prime quills very pale; the infides\ncinereous: acrofs the wings two bands of white: the baftard\nwing white: the under parts are white : the breaft afh-colour:\nvent and thighs yellow: tail brown, even at the end: legs flefh-\ncolour.\nThe female is like the male.\nThis fpecies inhabits Canada, and vifits Severn Settlement in\nJune: it is alfo met with at Albany Fort in May; where it flays\nthe fummer, and departs in September. It makes the neft in the\nbottom of willows, and lays three chocolate-coloured eggs: the\nchief food is feeds of graj's, worms, grubs, &c.\nWBEATfiED B.\nDescription.\nEmberiza luSuofa, Scop. ann. i. N\u00C2\u00B0 215.\nCIZE of the greater Titmoufe. Bill black : a white line begins at the forehead, and goes on to the nape, where it ends:\nan the middle of each wing is a white fpot: the forehead, bread,\nbelly, rump, and vent, are alfo white: the reft of the bird\nis black.\nThis BUNTING.\nThis defcription is taken from the living bird, by Scopoli; but\nfrom whence it came not mentioned.\nEmberiza fuperne rufa, fubtus flava, fafcia peftorali tranfverfe ferruginea,\nJV. C. Petr. xv. p. 485. N\u00C2\u00B0 1. (Ana. J. Lepechin.)\nEmberiza aureola, Pall. Trav. ii. p. 711. N\u00C2\u00B0 23.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Georgi Reife, p. 174.\nYellow-breafted Bunting, Ar&. Zool.\nYELLOW-\nBREASTED 1\n\"DILL pale; tranfparent, except at the edge of the upper Description.\nmandible, where it is blackifh: forehead blackifh, with a\nfhade of the fame on the crown: hind head, nape, and between\nthe wings, rufous; the feathers fringed with grey at the tips:\nback and rump the fame, but more hoary, and fome of the fhafts\nblotched with black: feapulars white: outer webs of the fecond\nwing coverts rufous; the edges of them whitifh, forming a dafh\nof the fame on the wing: quills brown, with white edges: fecondaries brown; within ferruginous: cheeks and throat black:\nbreaft and belly yellow; acrofs the breaft a ferruginous crefcent:\nunder tail coverts white : tail a little forked, brown; the two\nouter feathers have a longitudinal ftripe of white on the inner\nweb : legs dirty white.\nThe female has the crown blacker, and the margins of the Female.\nfeathers on the back more hoary; otherwife like the male.\nInhabits the pine forefts of Catharinefburgh. Alfo met with on Place.\nthe poplars and willows in the iflands of the Irtifh, and other\nrivers in Sibiria. Found alfo in Kamt/chatka.\nThe fong is much like that of the Reed Sparrow. SANDWICH B.\nDescription.\nU N\nN G.\nAoonalafhka Bunting, Ara. Zool.\nT E N G T H fix inches. Bill dufky : the upper parts- of the-\nbody brown ; each feather dafhed down the fhaft with darker\nbrown: at the noftrils arifes a.ftreak of yellow, which paffes over-\nthe eyes to the hind head; and from the gape is a dark one,.\npaffing under the eye: fides of the head,.between the ftreaks,.,\ndufky: the under parts of the body dufky white, dafhed with\nbrown: the middle of the belly plain dufky white: quills dufky\nbrown, with paler edges : tail brown : legs dufky.\nThis was met with at Aoonalafhka, and Sandwich Sound, by our\nlate voyagers-. A; fpecimen is now in the collection of Sir JofepB./\nBanks.\nT ENGTH feven inches.. Upper-parts of the body, and*\ntail,.plain brown, with a rufous tinge: the under parts dufky.\nwhite, dafhed with blackifh, #s in the laft-defcribed: the middle -\nof the belly plain dufky white.\nBrought from Aoonalafhka with the laft'.\nLev. Muf\nT ENGTH feven inches. Bill rather fhort, dufky: crown^\nof the head of a fine yellow : forehead, and through the eye,,\nblack, paffing to the hind head, which is afh-coloured : the upper\nparts of the body are reddifh bfown, marked down the middle of.\neach feather with dark brown : coverts and quills fringed on the\nedges with a paler colour: rump pale olive brown: chin dirty\nwhite: BUN\nI N G.\nwhite: throat, breaft, and belly, afh-colour, marked down the\n^middle of the laft with pale yellowiih buff-colour: tail even at\n?the end, and of a plain brown : legs brown: claws dufky.\nInhabits the Sandwich Iflands. I have feen alfo a bird not\n-very unlike that, which was met with in Nootka Sound. This,\nhad the crown black, and a fpot of yellow on the fore part only :\n41 double line of white on the wings: the belly in that bird was\nalfo white. I take this to differ only in fex from the fitft.\n.Alia Emberiza; fpecies, &c. JV, C. Petr. -xv. p. 486. pl. 25. f. _. (J. Le-\npechin) the male.\nEmberiza leucocephala, N. C. Petr. xv. p. 480. pl. 23. f. 3, (Gmelin.)\nn millet.\nIt is common at New York: comes the beginningof April, and\nfrequents orchards when in bloom.\nEraberiza Ciris, Lin, Syft, \. p. 313. 24. (the male.) A3. Stockb. 1750, p.\n278. pl. 7. f. 1.\nTanagra Cyanea, Lin. Syft. i. p. 316.6. (the female).\nFringilla maripofa, Scop. asm. i. N\u00C2\u00B0 222;\nLe Verdier de la Louifiane (dit le Pape) Brif. orn. iii. p. 200. 53. App.\np. 74. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Buf. oif. iv. p. 176. pl. 9. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Pl, enl. 159. f. 1.2. (male and\nfemale).\nChina Bulfinch, Albin. iii. pl. 68.\n.Painted Finch, Cateft. Car. i. pl. 44. {the male).\u00E2\u0080\u0094Blue Linnet, pi. 45. (female).\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Edw. pl. 130. (male). 273. (female).\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ar\u00C2\u00A3t\, Zool.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nCIZE of a Hedge Sparrow: length five inches and a third.\nBill grey brown : irides hazel: \u00C2\u00BBthe head and neck are violet:\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2round the eyes red: upper part of the back, and feapulars, yellow\ngreen : the lower part, rump, and all beneath, red : the leffer\nwing.coverts violet brown, wkh a tinge of red.; the greater of a\ndull greenifh colour: quills brown, with the edges of fome\ngreenifh, of others red : the tail is brown ; the two middle feathers incline to red, and the others margined outwardly with\nthe fame ; legs brown.\n1 Le Miniflre, Hifl. des of.\nf L'Eveque, id. U N\nN G.-\n207\nThe female is dull green above, and beneath yellow green :'\nquills brown, fringed with green: the tail is alfo brown and\ngreen mixed.\nThis bird varies exceedingly: neither fex gets the full plumage till the third year. In the firft, both male and female are\nbrown : the male has the blue head the fecond, but the reft of\nthe plumage blue green : the wings, and tail, brown, edged with -\nblue green. The female, at that time, inclines greatly to blue.\nBefides this, ..they moult twice in a year. Hence it is not wonderful, that fcarce any two birds are quite alike. -\nThefe birds inhabit the warmer parts of Canada, and all the\nparts between that and Mexico, Brafil, Guiana *, &c. At Carolina none are feen - near inhabited parts, nor nearer than\nan hundred and-fifty miles from the fea. They build on the\norange and other trees, but-are-feen there only in fummer. May^\nbe fed on millet, fuccory, and other feeds;, and frequently are to\nbe met with in cages in England.\nThe Dutch find means to breed thefe birds in Holland, like\nCanary, and other birds; but Fnever heard of this being done in\nEngland.\nOne variety of this bird has the under parts yellowifh, except\nPlace\nMakk\ntalks of a bird called Kifhee Ktfhee, at Guiana, which he fays exceeds all the feathered tribe. The feathers are a confufed afTemblage of all -\nthe moft lively and beautiful colours in nature. Among thefe, yellow, fcarlet,\ngreen, and a blackifh purple, or indigo colour, have the greateft fhare. Befides thefe, there are white, black, and blue.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Thefe birds are brought by the\nAccawan Indians from the inland parts of the country ; and the common price\nis two piftoles a pair ; but he adds, that many ineffiaual attempts have been '\nmade to convey them to Holland,\u00E2\u0080\u0094If it is not the bird in queftion, I know not <\nwhat elfe it can be.\na fmall \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 BUN\nI N G.\n^ fmall fpot of red on the breaft, which only lafts for a time.\nThe following moult it difappears, and, inftead of it, the whole\nunder fide is whitifh ; and the male greatly refembles the\nfemale.\nIt is perhaps this variety, or one greatly refembling it, which\ncaufed Linnaus to fay that the female is blue all over, except the\nbelly, which is white.\nThe Spaniards call thefe birds by the name of Maripofa; the\nEnglifh, Nonpareil. Will frequently live eight or ten years.\nSED-RUMPED\nB.\nLe quadricolor, Buf. of. iii, p. 467. N\u00C2\u00B0 15.\nGros-bec de Java, Pl. enl. 101. f. 2,\n\"DAT HER lefs than the laft : length five inches. Bill dufky:\nthe head, and neck, blue : back, wings, and end of the tail,\ngreen : upper part of the tail, and its coverts, and the middle of\nthe belly, red : the breaft, and lower part of the belly, pale\nbrown : legs pale flefh-colour.\nInhabits Java. Buffon draws Albitfs Chinefe Sparrow, and the\nGros-bec de Java of Briffon, as fynonyms to this bird ; but thefe\nbelong to the Malacca Grofbeak. The bird here in queftion\nfeems much to coincide with the Painted B *. We therefore fuppofe fome mi flake to have happened, in refpect to the notes of\nthis author.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 In the Planches Enlumimes the crown of the head, and back, are grey : the\nneck blue; from thence to the vent pale brown, except a broad bar of red on\nthe belly juft before the thighs : the upper tail coverts, and bafe of the tail, are\n_,lfo red ; the reft of the tail pale brown.; the fhape of it a little cuneiform.\nLe BUN\nI N G.\nLe Verdier de Java, Brif. e.\nLe Toupet bleu, Buf. oif. h\n. 57. pl. 7. f. 4.\n56.\nBLUE-FACED\nHP H I S is fomewhat lefs than the Hedge Sparrow : length\nfour inches. Bill lead-colour: the plumage on the upper\nparts green : lower part of the back, and rump, rufous: upper\ntail coverts red : the forehead, cheeks, and throat, of a fine blue,\ngradually changing into rufous towards the breaft, which, with\nthe belly, thighs, and fides, are of this laft colour ; but the middle\nof the bejly is red : the quills are brown, with green edges : the\ntail featfiers brown, except the two middle feathers, which are\ngreen, arid all of them fringed with red : legs grey.\nTKTs inhabits Java, and feems to have great affinity to the laft-\ndefcribed.\nLe petit Verdier des Indes, Brif. 0\nLe Parement bleu, Buf. of. iv. p.\n, p. 197. 56.\nCIZE of our Greenfinch. Bill greenifh brown: upper parts\nof the bird green; the under, white : quills and tail blue,\nwith white fhafts : legs black.\nInhabits the Eaft Indies.\nI have feen one very like this among fome Chinefe drawings.\nThe bill was black : the upper parts of the body green : the\nchin, and rump, greenifh, but very pale: the under parts dufky\nwhite: legs dufky. Length in the painting only three inches\nand a half. And in another fet of drawings, where the throat\nand vent were yellow : rump greenifh : breaft, and belly,\nwhite.\nVOL. II. E e L'Epberife I N\n58.\nPLATA B,\nL'Emberife a cinq couleurs, Buf. oif. iv, p. 364.\nT ENGTH eight inches. Bill cinereous, convex, and\npointed; the edges of the under mandible bend inwards :\nirides chefnut: the upper parts of the plumage greenifh brown\nverging to yellow, dulleft on the head and rump, and marked\nwith a few traces of black on the back: the edge of the wing\nbright yellow : quills, and outer tail feathers, edged with the\nfame : the under parts of the body cinereous white : legs lead-\ncolour.\nThis inhabits Buenos Ayres, on the river Plata, in South America.\nLe Mordore, Buf. oif. iv. p. 366.\nBruant de L'Ifle de Bourbon, PL enl. 321. f. 2.\nDescription\n'\"jpHIS is the fize of a Yellow-hammer : length five inches\nand a half. Bill brown : the whole plumage of an high rufous red-colour, except the wings and tail, which are dufky red:\nlegs the fame, but tinged with yellow.\nInhabits the Ifle of Bourbon.\n60.\nRED-EYED B.\nLe Calfat, Buf. oif. iv. p. 371.\nCIZE between a Linnet and a Sparrow. Bill, irides, and\nlegs, rofe-colour: head black: all the upper parts of the\nbody, wings, and tail, blueifh afh-colour; the laft edged with\nblack : the throat black: breaft, and belly, vinaceous: round\nthe U N\nI\nN~\nthe eyes naked, and of a rofe-colour: from the gape of the\nmouth to the hind head a white ftripe: the under tail coverts\nwhite.\nThis inhabits the Ifle of France, where it is called Galfat, or Place.\nCalf at.\nGreen-headed Bunting, Brown's III. p. 74. pl. 30.\n\"DILL brown : head and neck, as far as the breaft, dull olive\ngreen : back, and wing coverts, dufky brown mixed with\nblack, paleft on the rump: the reft of the wings, breaft, and\nbelly, deep brown: tail brown, forked : legs yellowifh.\nIn the collection of M. Tunfial, Efquire. That figured in\nBrown's Work, was caught in Mary-le-Bon Fields, by a bird-\ncatcher.\nGREEN-\nHEADED B.\nDescription.\nLe Bruant de Surinam, Brif. orn. iii. p. 302. 15.\nLeGonambouch, Buf. oif. iv. p. 366.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Seba,i. p. 174. pl. no. f. 6.\nCIZE of a Lark: length five inches. The head grey : the\nreft of the body pale grey ; but the upper wing coverts and\nbreaft are mixed with reddifh: the quills are white within;\nwithout, grey mixed with red : the tail is not much unlike the\nquills.\nInhabits Surinam, where it is common ; and is faid to fing as\nfine as a Nightingale. Is fond of maize. The natives call it\nGonambucho.\nEe a BUN\nI N G.\n63.\nSURINAM B.\nLe Proyer, Fern. Surin. ii. p. 200.\nDescription. \"DIGGER than a Lark, but like it in colour. Bill rather\nlarge, with a knob on the upper mandible, and the fides of\nthe lower one are higher than ufual, and angular: the chin,\nbreaft, and belly, are of a whitifh yellow, fpotted with oblong;\nblack fpots on the breaft.\nPlace. Inhabits Surinam. [ \u00C2\u00ABj 3\nGenus XXXVI. T A N A G E R.\nN\u00C2\u00B0 x. Red-breafted T.\nN\u00C2\u00B0 20. Spotted T.\n2. Brafilian T.\n21. Red-capped T.\nVar. A.\n22. Green T.\nVar. B.\n23. Chinefe T.\n3. Red T.\n24. Black and blue T.\nVar. A.\nVar. A.\n4. Olive T.\n25. Grey-headed T.\n5. Miffiffipi T.\n26. Rufous-headed T.\nVar. A. Variegated T.\nVar. A. '' '\nVar. B. Mexican T.\n27. Red-headed T.\n6. Summer T.\n28. Blue T.\n7. Grand T.\n29. Variable T.\n8. Crefted T.\n30. Green-headed T.\n9. Violet T.\nVar. A.\n10. Black-faced T-\n31. Grey T. .\n11. Hooded T.\n32. Paradife T.\nia. Black-crowned T.\n^2- Black-throated T.\n13. Black-headed T.\n34. Jacarini T.\"\"\n14. Furrow-clawed T.\n3$. Golden T.\n15. Guiana T.\nVar. A.\n16. Turquoife T.\n36. Negro T.\n17. St. Domingo T.\n37. Rufous-throatedT.\n18. BifhopT.\n38. Black T.\n19. Sayacu T.\n39. White-bellied T.\n6\n40, Military N\u00C2\u00B0 40. Military T.\n41. White-headed T.\n42. Yellow T.\n\"I\nN\u00C2\u00B0 43. Amboina T.\n44. Cerulean T.\nILL conoid, a little inclining towards the point: upper\n* mandible flightly ridged, and notched near the end *.\n4-RED-\nTanagra jacapa, Lin\n.Syft.\nKASTED T.\nLe Cardinal pourpre\n,Brif.\norn. iii. p. 49, 29. pl. 3. f, 2. 3. ? \u00E2\u0080\u0094 PL enl. 128.\nf. 1.2.\nLe Bee d'argent, Buf. oif. iv. p. 259.\nRed-breafted Blackbird, Edw. pl. 267.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nCIZE of a Sparrow : length fix inches and a half. Bill ftout\nand black, except the bafe of the lower mandible, which is\nfingularly rounded at the back part, and broad, and of a fine\nwhite filver polifh : irides brown : the plumage in general is\nblack, with a purplifh glofs, except the chin, throat, and breaft,\nwhich are of a deep crimfon : the fore part of the head is alfo\ncrimfon in fome fpecimens, in others not.\nThe female has not this confpicuous character of the under\nmandible marked fo ftrongly as in the male; and the colour of\nthe plumage is dull purplifh brown; beneath, reddifh: wings,\nand tail, brown : legs in both brown.\nThis fpecies is common in Cayenne, Guiana, Mexico, and other\nparts of America, where it lives on various kinds of fruits only,\nand comes frequently near habitations, and into the gardens; and\nin general feen inmirs.\n* Genera of Birds.\n_ The N\nR.\n215\nThe female makes the neft of a cylindrical form, a trifle\ncurved; fix inches long, and four and a quarter in diameter; compofed of dried fibres and leaves, and lined with large pieces of the\nfame leaves within. This is fattened to the horizontal branch of\nfome low tree, the opening beneath. The eggs only two in\n.number, white, marked with fmall pale red fpots, chiefly at the\nlarge end.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Buffon * mentions a bird of this kind, which is of a pale rofe-\ncolour mixed with grey, which he thinks may be this fpecies not\nin full plumage, or moulting. Perhaps it may belong to the following, as both have the fame kind of bill.\nThe want of the characteriftic in the under mandible in Briffon's\nplate, and that of the Planches Enluminees, may miflead ; but\nBuffon apologizes for the laft; and the defcription fo well\n.\"aufwers to the firft, that there is no doubt of the matter.\nEdwards's figure expreffes the bird perfectly. As to the reference to Briffon's Mufcicapa, by Linnaus, it is not the fame\nbird. That of Briffon's is above twice the fize, and a true Flycatcher \.\nTanagra Brafilia, Lin. Syft. i. p. 314. 2.\nLe Cardinal, Brif. om. iii. p. 42. 24. pl. 3. f. 1.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 127. f. t. 156. I.\nTijepiranga, Will. orn. p. 251.\nLev. Muf.\nBRASILIAN T.\nHP HIS bird is a trifle bigger than a Houfe Sparrow: length Descriptiow.\nfix inches and a quarter. Bill three quarters of an inch in\n* Hifl des oif iv. p. 262. f See Purple-throated Fly-catcher, in this. Work.\nlength, N\nR.\nlength, and black, except the under mandible, which is white\nhalf-way from the bafe: the whole body is of a fine crimfon, except the thighs, which are black: the leffer wing coverts black\nmixed with crimfon : the reft of the wing coverts, quills, under\nwing coverts, tail, and legs, of a full black : the bafe of all the\nfeathers is alfo black, only the ends being crimfon.\nThis is the defcription of Briffon.\nIn the birds that have fallen under my infpection, I find the\ncolour of the plumage to be brilliant, and the feathers about the\nhead and neck of a velvety texture; the bafe of the under mandible continued backwards quite under the eyes, as in the former\nfpecies.\nThis bird inhabits Mexico, Brafil, and other parts of South\nAmerica, and, according to our opinion, never yet was feen in Canada, though Buffon is of a contrary opinion. It is rare in our cabinets, in comparifon with the following fpecies, or RedTanager.\nLe Cardinal tachete, Brif. orn. iii. p. 44.\n\"DILL black; under mandible white half-way from the bafe:\ngeneral colour crimfon: breaft, and upper part of the back,\nmarked with lunated greenifh fpots: wings, tail, and legs,\nblack.\nInhabits Brafil.\nCardinal a Col\nRumplefs blue\n, Brif.c\n2 iii. p. 45. N\u00C2\u00B0\nc Indian Sparrow\nDILL black : near the forehead white: general colour\nfon, with two femi-lunar blue fpots on the fides of the N\nR.\nwings, and tail *, black : leffer coverts, and margins of the firft,\nblue : legs fhort and black.\nInhabits Brafil. Place,\nTanagra rubra, Lin. Syft: i. p\nCardinal de Canada, Brif. orn\n3*4- 3-\niii. p. 48. pl.\nf.S.\nCIZE of the Sparrow: length fix inches and a quarter. Bill\nhorn-colour : the general colour of the plumage Is pale red :\n, wing coverts black : quills brown, with the margins of the inner\nwebs white for three quarters of their length from the bafe; the\ntwo neareft the body black: tail black, a trifle forked, the feathers tipped with white at the ends : legs black.\nInhabits Canada.\n\\nMerula Brafilienfis, Raii Syn. p. 66. 2.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will, t\nLe Scarlat, Buf. of. iv. p. 245.\nScarlet Sparrow, Edw. pl. 343.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\n'T1 HIS, if not the fame, is a mere variety of the laft-defcribed, Description.^\nas it anfwers the defcription, except in wanting the white\ntips to the tail feathers. I obferve that the edge of the upper\nmandible is furnifhed with a fharp procefs about the middle/\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Briffon obferves, that it is moft probable that it has a tail, and that it is\nblack.\nFf\nTlpe 213\nFema\nN\nG E\nThe female * is of the fame fize, but wholly of a green colour\npaleft beneath, and inclined to yellow.\nInhabits North America.\nL'Oliv.\nOlive 1\nBuf. oif. iv. p. 269.\niger, Ar3. Zool.\nt-I E A D, upper parts of the body, and wing coverts, olive\ngreen, fading into cinereous towards the rump : quills, and\ntail, brown, edged with white : throat, and breaft, of a fine yellow : belly white : legs brown.\nThe female has the wings, and tail, dufky, edged with olive :\nunder fides of the body pale yellow.\nInhabits Cayenne. Found alfo at New York f, in North America.\nMISSISSIPI T.\nLe Tangara du lV_iffi_ipi, Buf. oif iv. p. 252\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 741.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\n*~V- H I S is fomewhat bigger than the Scarlet Tanager. The\nbill larger in proportion, of a brown colour, and both mandibles fomewhat curved inwards. It differs likewife from that\nbird, in having the wings and tail of the fame red colour as the\nreft of the plumage, though\" rather deeper: legs reddifh. ,\n* In the collection of Major Davies.\nt Mr. Pennant. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 From their being found at this laft place, and my having\n&\u00C2\u00ABh authority for defcribing both fexes, I muft conclude that the fpecies is dif-\ntinct; otherwife I fhould- have fufpefted it to have been the female of the Iaft-\ndefcribed. -\nThis This is found in the neighbourhood of the river Miffiffipi, and\nis faid to fing very agreeably, though much louder than the Scarlet Tanager. It is faid to collect againft winter a quantity of\nmaize; and is fo careful of its hoard, as feldom to ftir from the\nplace where it has ftored it up, except to drink : and the quantity has been known to equal a bufhel. It fecures this winter-\nmagazine by covering it with dry leaves, only leaving a hole for\nitfelf to enter *.\nBr. Muf.\nO I Z E of the laft. Bill brown : the whole plumage variegated\nwith crimfon and greenifh buff-colour; the laft occupying in\npatches the nape of the neck, the whole of the wing, lower part\nof the back, and middle of the belly : the tail is half crimfon and\nhalf greenifh buff: legs pale brown.\nThis and the former feem to be the fame bird in different periods of age. It is moft likely that the laft-defcribed is the\nyoung bird, though the circumftance has not yet been confirmed\nby obfervation. Wf s^nj\nVar. A.\nVARIEGATED\nPlate XLVI.\nDescription,\nLe Cardinal du Mexique, Brif. om.iii. p. 46. 27.\nT\u00C2\u00B1 I L L wholly cinereous : irides white : head, wings, and tail,\nthe colour of an amethyft : hind part of the neck green ; under part, and rump, crimfon : beginning of the wings green and\nred, mixed : feapulars yellowifh: each wing feather encompaffed\n* Du Pratz.\nF f 2 with\nVar. B.\nMEXICAN N\nR.\nwith a greenifh line, which runs down from the middle *. tail\npaleft towards the tip : legs cinereous, inclining to violeu\nInhabits Mexico, and is probably a further variety.\nMufcicapa rubra, Lin. Syft. i. p. 236. N\u00C2\u00BB 8.\nLe Gobe-mouche rouge de la Caroline, Brif. orn. ii. p. 432. $7.\nLe Preneur des mouches rouge, Buf. oif. iv. p. 585.\nSummer Red Bird, Catefb. Car. i. pi. 56.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Edw. pl. z_g.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ara. Zool.\nA Little bigger than an Houfe Sparrow : length fix inches and\nthree quarters. Bill yellowifh, and\u00C2\u00BBrather flouts eyes large,\nand black : the whole bird of a beautiful red, or fcarlet, except\nthe tips of the quills, which are of a dufky red: legs, dufky-\nThe female is brown, tinged with yellow..\nInhabits-Carolina and Virginia in the fummetv\nLe grand Tangara, Buf. of. iv. p. 239. pl. II.\nTangara des grands Bois de Cayenne, Pl. enl. 205V\nLev. Muf.\nCIZE of a Thrufh : length eight inches and a half. Bill three\nquarters of an inch long, flout, brown: upper parts of the\nbody olive brown : forehead and fides of the head blue: over the\neye a ftreak of white : on each fide of the under mandible\na black ftreak, like a whifker : throat red ; in the middle of the\nred a fpot of white: the reft of the under parts pale red: vent\nand thighs as deep as the throat: quills and tail like the upper\nparts, but paler on the edges; the laft three inches in length:\nlegs blue.\nThis inhabits the thick woods about Cayenne and Guiana, and\nfometimes approaches inhabited and more open fpots, perching N\nR.\non the bufhes. The male and female are generally together, and\nare very like in colour : they live on fmall fruits and infects:\nare called Qlive Birds at Cayenne.\nI obferve one of thefe in the Leverian Mufeum,. which was of a\ndark afh-colour on the breaft.\nTanagra criftata, Lin. Syft. i. p. 317\nLe Tangara noir hupe de Cayenne,\nm\nLa Houppette, Buf. of. iv. p. 240.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL\nif. om. Supp. p. 65. N\u00C2\u00B0 33. pl. 4.\nd. 7. 4z. Sc3oi.\u00C2\u00A3.z.\nCRESTED T.\nCIZE of a Houfe Sparrow: length fix inches and a quarter.\nBill black: the head crefted; the creft orange-colour : chin,\nlower part of the back, and rump, pale buff-colour: edge of the\nwing, for one inch from the bend, white: a ftreak of white on\nthe feapulars : the reft of the plumage black : legs lead-colour.\nThis fpecies feems to vary. That in the Pl. enl. 301. has the\ncreft erected, and appears ftriped with orange and black: it\nwants the buff fpot On the chin : the outer edge of the wing yellow inftead of white;. and the white on the feapulars is not a\nline, but a large fpot on the upper part of them : the fides of the\nvent are ferruginous : the bill and legs brown : otherwife like the\nfirft.\nIn a fpecimen at Major Davies's, the vent is white, and the fpot\nunder the chin wanting.\nInhabits Guiana, where it is common, and lives on the leffer\nkinds of fruits : the note like that of a Chaffinch: it is found only\nm the more open places.\n1\nf Le Tangavio, Buf. of. iv. p. 241.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 710.\nLENGTH eight inches. Bill flout, dufky black: colour\nof the plumage a deep violet, with a greenifh eaft on the\nwings and tail; but on firft inflection the bird appears black:\nthe legs are blackifh; and thexrlaws ftrong and large.\nThe female has a black head, with a glofs like that of polifhed\nfteel: the reft of the plumage dull brown, with a flight glofs of\nblack on the upper parts of the body and rump.\nInhabits Buenos-Ayres, in South America.\nBLACK-FACED\nLe Camail ou la Cravate, Buf. oif. iv. p. zc^.\nTangara a Cravate noire de Cayenne, PL enl. 714. f. 2.\nT ENGTH feven inches. Bill three quarters of an inch,\nmoderately ftrong, and black; the upper mandible whitifh\nat the bafe: all the fore part of the head, fides, chin, and fore\npart of the neck, black, ending in a point on the breaft: the reft\nof the plumage afh-colour, paleft beneath; quills and tail\ndeepeft; the laft rounded in fhape: legs dufky.\nThe female has the head and fore parts brown, where the other\nis black; and the upper parts are of a pale yellowifh afh-colour:\nbeneath rather paler than the upper parts *.\nInhabits Guiana, where it frequents the open parts, but is not\ncommon.\n* I am indebted, for the defcription of the female, to a collection of bird*\nlately from Cayenne, where the pairs were tied together, fo that I could not hefi-\ntate a moment in pronouncing the laft-defcribed to be the other fex. Buffon\nonly mentions the male.\n_ La 223\nLa Coiffe noire, Buf. of. iv. p. 284.\nLe Tangara a Coiffe noire de Cayenne, Pl. enl, 720, f. 2,\nLev. Muf.\nCI Z E of a Hedge Sparrow. Bill dufky: top of the head, and\nfides, black; this colour goes downwards on each fide of the\nneck, and ends in a point near the wings: between the bill and\neye a fpot of white: the reft of the upper parts of the neck,\nbody, wings, and tail, are of a blueifh afh-colour; deepeft on the\ntwo laft: all the under parts, from the chin to the vent, are\nof a greyifh or filvery white: legs dufky.\nHOODED T.\nThe Male.\nLe Tangan\nTijep\niga, Raii Syn. p. 89. 1\nrif. orn.\n-Will, t\n:. p. 251. \u00C2\u00A7. 9. (fecond fpecies.)\nCIZE of the laft, but wants the black on the head; the upper\nparts being wholly of a blueifh afh-colour, and the under\nwhite. This is fuppofed to be the female of the laft.\nBoth are found in Guiana and Brafil.\nTanagra melaniftera, Nov. Com. Petr. vol. xix. p. 466. pl. 13. 14.\nCIZE of the common Bunting: length feven inches and a\nhalf. Bill of a livid colour; the fides of the under mandible\nbent inwards, and the end of the upper one a trifle margined;\nthe bafe furnifhed -with a few hairs : irides brown : the top of the\nhead, and fides, beneath the eye, black : hind part of the neck\nand back ferruginous brown, changing to a ruft-colour on the\nrump : under parts of the body deep yellow : the wings reach to\nthe middle of the tail, and are marked with longitudinal whitifh\nftreaks: NAG\nR.\nftreaks: quills brown, with whitifh margins: the tail a trifle\nforked, brown, edged with yellowifh white : legs dufky flefh-colour : claws brown.\nThe female is of a dirty ferruginous olive on the upper parts,\nfpotted with brown : and beneath of a whitifh yellow.\nThis fpecies is found in the neighbourhood of the Caucafian\nmountains, and Teflis in Georgia: it frequents the ChrifVs-\nthorn *, and makes the neft on the branches of it, which being\nwell defended with fharp fpines, fecures the brood from birds of\nprey. The food chiefly confifts of the feeds of the fame plant.\nIt is a folitary bird, and the voice not greatly different from that\nof the greater Titmoufe.\nLe Mordore, Buf. oif, iv. p. 253.\nTangara jaune a tete noire de Cayenne, Pl. enl. 809. f. 2.\nT ENGTH feven inches. Bill flout, dufky black : the head,\nwings, and tail, are of a fine gloffy black; on the inner edge\nof the wing a dafh of white : the reft of the body of a fine reddifh\nrufous colour, deepeft on the fore part of the neck and breaft:\nthe tail is rounded: the legs brown.\nInhabits Guiana, where it is rare.\nFURROW-\nCLAWED T.\nL'Onglet, Buf. oif. iv. p. 256.\nT ENGTH feven inches. The head is ftriped with black\nand blue: the upper part of the back blackifh, the lower\n* Rhamnus paliurus, Lin,\n6 N\nR.\nbright orange : the upper tail coverts olive brown: upper wing\ncoverts, quills, and tail, black, edged with blue : the under parts\nyellow. A Angularity belongs to this bird; which is, that each\nclaw has a furrow on the fides, parallel to the edge.\nSuppofed to inhabit fome part of South America.\nTangara noir, & Tangara rouxi Buf. of. iv. p. 257.\nTangara noir d'Amerique, PL enl. '179. f. 2. (the male.)\nLe Tangaroux de Cayenne, PL enl. 711. (the female.)\nT ENGTH from fix inches and a half to feven inches. The\nmale is wholly black, except a fpot of white at the inner\nbend of the wing.\nThe female is wholly rufous, inclining to afh-colour beneath *:\nthe bill dufky : legs yellowifh.\nThefe are common at Guiana, in the more open fpots : live on\nfmall fruits and infects, like the reft of the genus: have a fhrill\nvoice, but not what may be called a fong: generally feen in\npairs, two and two together, and never in flocks.\nTanagra Brafilienfis, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 316. 15.\nLe Tangara bleu du Brefil, Brif. orn. iii. p. 9. 4. pi.\nLe Turquin, Buf. oif. iv. p. 258.\nGuirajenoia, Raii Syn. p. 170.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will. orn. p. 241,\n, f. 4.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL\n\u00C2\u00A7 I Z E of a Chaffinch: length fix inches. Bill blackifh : the\nhead, fore part of the neck, and lower part of the back, cinereous blue : the hind part of the neck, upper part of the back,\n* The tail feems much longer in this laft, than in the male.\nVol. II. G g\nand 22-.\nN\nR.\nand round the bill, black: on the breaft there is a foot of the\nfame : the tail and legs are alfo black.\nSome of thefe birds have the under parts white, which was the f\ncafe in that from which Briffon took his defcription,.\nInhabits Brafil.\nSSF. DOMINGO\nT.\nTanagra Dominica, Lin. Syft. i-p. 316. N\u00C2\u00B0 16.\nLe Tangara de St. Domingue, Brif. orn. iii, p. 37. Na:\nPL enl. ic6, f. 2.\nL'Efelave, Buf. oif. iv. p. 263.\nr P1- 2- f' 4-\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nCIZE of a Sparrow : length fix inches and a half. Bill flout,\nand of a greyifh brown: the upper parts of the head and\nbody olive brown : the under dirty white, with a dafh of brown\ndown the middle of each feather : quills brown, edged with\nolive : tail cinereous brown, a trifle forked; the two middle feathers are olive brown, and others have the outer margins inclined!\nto olive : the legs brown.\nThis inhabits the ifland of St. Domingo, where it is called '\nUEfclave.\nTanagra epifcopus, Lin. Syft. i. p. 316. N\u00C2\u00B0 19.\nL'Evefque, Brif. om. iii. p. 40. p. 23. pl. 1. f. z.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 17&. \u00C2\u00A3 1, 2~\u00E2\u0080\u0094-\nHifl. dela Louf. vol. ii. p. 140.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Salem, am. p. 277. pl. 19. f. 3.\nLe Bluet, Buf. oif iv. p. 265. pl. 12.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nCIZE of the Brambling : length fix inches and a quarter. Bill;\nmoderate in fize ; black; the under mandible inclined to\ngrey: the general colour of the bird greyifh Woe, inclining to\n10 green T A N A G E R.\ngreen in fome parts, and verging to grey in others : the leffer\nwing coverts are moft inclined to blue: the legs are cinereous.\nThe female has the head, neck, and breaft, blue green: belly\ngrey: back and wing coverts brown : acrofs the laft an oblique greyifh bar: quills and tail black ; the laft is fomewhat\nforked.\nThis fpecies inhabits Cayenne, efpecially about the fkirts of the\nforefts, and feeds on the leffer kind of fruits : fometimes found\nin large flocks, but obferved to keep two and two together:\nroofts of nights on the palm-leaves : and has little or no fong,\nexcept a fharp and difagreeable voice may be called fuch. It is,\ncalled by the inhabitants of Cayenne, L'Eveque.\nTanagra fayaca, Lin. Syft. i. p. 316. N\u00C2\u00B0 20.\nLe Tangara varie du Brefil, Brif. orn. iii. p. 18. N\u00C2\u00B0 io.\nLe Tangara tachete de Cayenne, Pl. enl. 301. f. 1.\nLe Syacou, Buf. oif. iv. p. 288.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Raii Syn. p. 89. ^.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will. em. p. 256.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nSalem, p. 273. N\u00C2\u00B0 3.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Edw. pl. 351. f. 2 *.\nLev. Muf\nT ESS than the laft. Bill and eyes black: general colour of\nthe plumage cinereous, mixed with fea-green, the upper\nparts partaking moft of the laft colour; and the bird, if expofed\nto the fun, appears very gloffy.\nInhabits Cayenne with the former, but is more rare. It is\ncalled by the inhabitants Sayacou.\n* I am not clear th&t Edwards means our Sayacou, here defcribed; as his figure\nmeafures fix inches and a half, whereas that in the PL enl. is only four inches\nand a half.\nSAYACU T.-\nDescriptiok.\nPlace.\nG g 2\nTanagra Tanagra punctata, Lin. Syft. i. p. 316. N\u00C2\u00B0 21,\nLe Tangara verd piquete des Indes, Brif om. iii. p. 19, N\u00C2\u00B0 11, pl. 4, f. 2.\nLe Syacou, Buf. oif. iv. p. 288.\nSpotted green Titmoufe, Edw. pl. 262.\nBr. Muf\nCIZE of a Linnet: length four inches and a half. Bill\nbrown : the upper parts are green, mixed with brown : rump\nwholly green: chin and throat brown, with the margins of the\nfeathers whitifh : breaft the fame, mixed with yellowifh: from\nthence to the vent yellowifh white, with a tinge of green : quills\nand tail brown, edged with green : fegs brown.\nThis is found alfo at Cayenne with the laft, and is moft probably a young bird, if not the female, but whether of the laft\nfpecies is not certain.\nRED-HEADED\nTanagra gularis, Lin, Syft. i. p. 316. N* 13-.\nLe Cardinal d'Amerique, Brif. om. Suppl. p. 67. N\u00C2\u00B0 34. pi. 4. f. j\nTangara brun d'Amerique, PL enl. 155. f. 2.\nLe Rouge Cap, Buf. of. iv. p. 267.\nT E N G T H feven inches. Bill brown: the head *, chin, and\nthroat, are crimfon, which tends to a point at the laft part,\nand is there alfo fpotted with purple: the upper parts of the\nbody, wings, and tail, fine gloffy black, the fhape of the laft\nfomewhat rounded, and three inches long: the under parts pure\nwhite : legs dufky.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 In Linn*us's defcription, the head is called black, \"capite nigro ;\" but I\napprehend this to be a iniftake, as he defcribes from Briffon alone, whofe bird\nhas the head crimfon.\nThat N\nR.\nThat figured in the Pl. enl. has the upper parts brown, which\nBuffon fuppofes to have arifen from the painting being taken\nfrom a dead fpecimen; but this is not the reafon merely, fince\nthe defcription above was alfo taken from the dead bird. I am\ninclined therefore to think that the brown one is a mere fexual\ndifference, if it does not arife from age.\nInhabits Guiana and Cayenne, but is not very common.\n229\nTanagra virens, Lin. Syft. i. p. 317. N\u00C2\u00B0 22.\nLe Tangara Verd du Brefil, Brif orn. iii. p. 2$.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif. iv. p. 268.\nA Trifle bigger than a Houfe Sparrow : length fix inches and\na quarter. Bill dufky: head and upper parts green : between\nthe bill and eyes a black fpot, beneath which is a deep blue\nband, which extends the whole length of the under mandible :\nthe throat of a fine black: fore part of the neck yellow : the reft\nof the under parts yellowifh green: the upper leffer wing coverts.\ngloffy fea-green ; the others green : the quills dufky, with blueifh\nedges: the tail much the fame, but the two middle feathers\ngreenifh : the legs brown.\nThis inhabits Mexico, Peru, and Brafil. In Linnaeus, the cheeks\nof the bird are faid to be black; but I do not find it fo defcribed\nin Briffon.\nC I Z E of an Houfe Sparrow: length five inches and a half.\nBill red brown, with a yellow tip: the upper parts of the\nplumage olive green : between the bill and eye a yellowifh white\nfpot: all the under parts yellow, growing pale on the belly and\nvent: quills dufky, edged with yellow, inclined to ferruginous\nnear\nCHINESE T.\nDescription. 230\nN\nG E R.\nnear the bafe : tail the fame as the quills, and a trifle forked :\nlegs dufky.\nPlace. In the collection of Major Davies, who received it from\nChina.\nBLACK-AND-\nBLTJE T.\nTanagra Mexicana, Lin. Syft. i. p. 315. N\u00C2\u00B0 10,\nLe Tangara bleu de Cayenne, Brif. om. iii. p.\nTangara tachete de Cayenne, PL enl. zgo. Z.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 diable-enrheume, Buf. oif. iv. p. 27.\nTeoauhtototl, Raii Syn. p. 170.\nBlack and blue Titmoufe, Edw. pl. 330.\n6. N\u00C2\u00B02. pl. I. f. 3.\nlength five inches*\n\"DATHER lefs than the Houfe Sparrow:\nBill black : the upper part and fides of the head, the throat,\nneck, breaft, lower part of the back, and rump, fine blue:\nthe hind part of the head and neck, the upper part of the back,\nand feapulars, black: the belly, thighs, and vent, yellowifh\nwhite, fpotted with black and blue on the fides, and on the\nthighs with black: the upper wing coverts are gloffy blue green;\nthe greater ones black edged with blue: quills black, fome of\nthem edged with green, and others with white: tail black : legs\nblack.\nThis inhabits Cayenne and Guiana, but is not very common.\nThe Creoles have given it the name adopted by Buffon. If this\nbe the Teoauhtototl above quoted, it is faid to frequent the\nfields and mountainous parts of Mexico; to have an agreeable\nfong; and is reckoned good to eat. 23,1\nLe Tangara bleu des Barbades, Brif. orn. iii. p. 8. N\u00C2\u00B0\n2&2.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PI. enl. 155. f. 1.\nPafier Americanus, Seba, vol. i. p. 104. pl. 67. N\u00C2\u00B0 3.\nBuf. oif. i\nCIZE of an Houfe Sparrow: length five inches and a half.\nBill black: head, throat, fore part of the neck, and breaft,\nblue: the feathers on the hind part of the neck, back, feapulars, and rump, black : the wing coverts black, edged with blue:\nupper tail coverts green: belly, fides, thighs, and vent, white :\nquills and tail black, with purplifh margins : legs black.\nInhabits Cayenne; Briffon fays Barbadoes.\nLe Verderoux, Buf. oif. iv. p. 272.\nT ENGTH five inches one-third. The general colour is\ngreen, more or lefs dark in different parts, except the forehead, each fide of which is rufous; and above this, on each fide,\na band of the fame, which fprings from the forehead, and paffes\nbackwards to the nape of the neck: the head, excepting thefe\nmarks, is cinereous grey.\nThis fpecies inhabits the great forefts of Guiana, where it is\nfomewhat rare.\nr-HE/\nGREY-HEADED\nTanagra Cayana, Lin. Syft. i. p. 315. N\u00C2\u00B0 &\nLe Tangara vert de Cayenne, Brif. orn. iii. p. 21. N\u00C2\u00B0 12. pl. 4. f. 3.\nLe PafTe-vert, Buf. of. iii. p. 494 ; iv. p. 273.\nMoineau a tete rouffe de Cayenne, PL enl. 201. f. 2. (the male).\nTangara a tete rouffe de Cayenne, PL enl. 290, f. 1. (the female)..\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nCIZE of a Linnet. Bill dufky: top ef the head rufous:\nfides of it black: the hind part of the neck, Jower part of\nthe\nRUFOUS-\nHEADED 1 m\nN\nR.\nPla.\nMaj\nthe back, and rump, of a pale gilded yellow, with a tinge of\ngreen in fome lights: the upper parts of the back, feapulars,\nand upper tail coverts, green : beneath, the throat is blue\ngrey: the reft of the under parts confufedly mixed with pale\ngilded yellow, rufous, and blue grey, each appearing in different\nlights : the quills and tail are brown, edged with gilded green :\nlegs dufky.\nThe female has the crown rufous, as in the male : the upper\nparts of the plumage plain green : the under of a dull yellow,\nmixed with a tinge of green.\nIn fome fpecimens, the rufous part on the head extends farther\ndown than in others; and in fome birds this colour is alfo feen\non the breaft and belly, and again on the upper parts of the\nbody, and the green colour now and then changing into blue.\nThis fpecies is pretty well known at Cayenne, where the people\ncall it, Le Dauphinois. It frequents the open places, and now\nand then approaches habitations : it feeds on fruits, and, among\nothers, is peculiarly fond of bananas and guavas; it falls alfo\non the r/ft?-fields, and deftroys great quantities of this grain:\nthough there muft be numbers to do this, yet they can fcarce\nbe faid to be in flocks, as they always keep two and two together, being only guided to one place by the common attraction of the food they are fond of.\nI do not find that it has any other note than a fhort and fhrill\ncry.\nLe PaJTe-vert a tete bleue, Buf. oif. iv. p. 275.\n'T'HIS is very like the laft, but the head is of a fine bright\nblue colour : the back is greenifh yellow : fore part of the\nneck, the breaft, and belly, of a gilded yellow : the wings and\ntail plain green.\nTanagra Tanagra gyrola, Lin. Syft.i. p. 315. N\u00C2\u00B0 7.\nLe Tangara verd de Perou, Brif. orn. iii. p. 23. N\u00C2\u00B0 13. pl. 4. f. i;\n-\u00E2\u0080\u0094-\u00E2\u0080\u0094\u00E2\u0080\u0094\u00E2\u0080\u0094 de Perou, Pl. enl. 133. f. 2.\nLe Rouverdin, Buf. oif. iv. p. 286.\nFringilla viridis, capite fpadiceo, &c. N. Com. Petr. vol. xiv. p. 432. 4.\npl. 15. f. 4. var.\nRed-headed Greenfinch, Edw. pl. 23.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nCIZE of a Linnet: length four inches three quarters. Bill\nhorn-colour: general colour fhining green: the whole head\nrufous : breaft pale blue: on the upper part of the wing a fpot\nof yellow : quills and tail brown, edged with green, and the\ntwo middle feathers of the laft wholly green : legs pale brown.\nInhabits various parts of South America, Cayenne, Guiana, &c\u00C2\u00BB\nIt is met with twice or three times in a year at this laft place,\nfrequenting large trees, which grow in the forefts in great numbers, to eat the fruit thereof; difappearing as often as fuch\nfruits begin to fail them : they are feldom met with near the\ninhabited places.\nThat defcribed in the Peterfb, Tranf. had the thighs of a pale\nchefnut.\nThe head of that figured by Edwards was of a dull fcarlet,\nI and the neck furrounded by a yellow ring, the breaft blue, and\ni the reft of the body green : differences not fufficient to form two\nfpecies.\nVol. II. Le Pafle bleu, Buf. oif. iii. p. 495.\nMoineau bleu de Cayenne, Pl, enl, 203. f, 2.\nC I Z E of a Sparrow : length five inches. Bill dufky : general\ncolour of the plumage blue : legs reddifh brown.\nInhabits Cayenne. Buffon feems to think it a variety of the\nothers, but it feems to be a larger bird.\nBr. Muf.\nCIZE of a Linnet: length four inches and a half. Bill horn-\ncolour : general colour of the plumage green, very gloffy and\nvariable, appearing in fome lights blue, and in others brown :.\nbetween the fhoulders much darker than the reft; and towards-\nthe rump pale green: through the eyes a ftreak of black : quills,\nand tail dufky, edged with green : legs pale.\nIn the Britifh Mufeum. Native place not mentioned.\nLe Tangara varie a tete verte de Cayenne, Brif, orn, Suppl. p. 59. pl. 4. f. ....\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094PI. enl. 33. f. 1.\nLe Tricolor, Buf. of. iv. p. 276.\nCIZE of an Houfe Sparrow: length five inches and a quarter.\nBill black; the bafe of it furrounded with black featherst\ngeneral colour of the bird green : the head of a pale fea-green :\nupper part and fides of the neck green gold : the chin the colour\nof the head : on the throat. a large fpot of black : the upper\npart of the back is alfo black: the lower, and rump, orange\n2 yellow: N A\nE R.\nyellow : fore part of the neck and breaft fea-green, feparated\nfrom the black on the throat by blue : belly, fides, thighs, and'\nvent, bright yellowifh green : the leffer and middle wing coverts\nviolet blue : the greater coverts greenifh black, with the outer\nmargins green : quills much the fame : tail not unlike the quills,\nmarked with a fmall violet blue fpot on the outer margin near\nthe tip : the fhape of the tail a little forked : legs lead-colour.\nLe Tangara varie a tete bleue de Cayenne, Brif. om. Suppl. p. 62. pl. 4, f, 2,\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 33. f. 2.\nLe Tricolor, Buf. oif. iv. p. 276.\nG I Z E of the laft. Bill the fame, and furrounded in the fame\nmanner with black at the bafe : forehead of a pale green :\ncrown of the head and throat violet blue: fides of the head\norange red, paffing to the back part of the neck, which is of the\nfame colour : the upper part of the back black: reft of the\nbody green : acrofs the wing coverts a ftripe of yellow : quills\nand tail much as in the laft, but the coverts are not blue.\nThefe two birds are, without doubt, the fame, differing only\nin fex; but which of them is the male is not afcertained.\nBoth of them came from Cayenne*, but the manners quite unknown .\n* Buffon mentions, that one of the laft is in the cabinet of M. Aubri, and\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0called Le Pape de Magellan; but it fcarce can be thought that the one came\nfrom the lalUnaraed place, if the other be a native of Cayenne. Le Gris-oliva, Buf. of. iv. p. Z77.\nTangara olive de la Louifiane, PL enl. 714. f. 1.\nC I Z E of the White Throat : length five inches. Bill black r\nthe forehead and between the eyes grey : colour of the upper\nparts greyifh olive; of the under, grey: wings dufky black, edged\nwith grey; the quills darkeft: tail as the quills : legs dufkjs\nbrown.\nInhabits Guiana, and is alfo found-in Louifiana.\nTanagra tatao, Lin. Syfl. 1. p. 3.15. N\u00C2\u00B0 11.\nLe Tangara, Brif orn. in. p. 3. N\u00C2\u00B0 1. pi, 1. f. 1\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Pl. enl. N9 7. f. 2.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n137. f. 2 Raii. Syn. p. 84. 13.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will. orn. p. 243.\nLe Septicolor, Buf. oif. iv. p. 279. pl. 13. ,\nTitmoufe of Paradife, Edw. pl. 349.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nCOMEWHAT lefs than a Goldfinch : length near fix inches.\nBill black: the upper part and fides of the head yellowifh.\ngreen ; the feathers final], and feem diftinct from each other : the\nhind part of the head and neck,, the upper part of the back, and\nfeapulars, of a velvety black : the lower part of the back and\nrump of a bright fire-colour, verging to orange towards the.\ntail : the throat and fore part of the neck gloffy violet blue:\nbreaft, belly, fides, and vent, fea-green : thighs dull green :.\nthe leffer wing coverts green gold; the middle ones blue; and\nthe greater violet blue: the quills black, with blue margins 1.\nthe fecond quills, tail *, and legs, black.\n* In Pl. enl. vii. f. 1. the tail is green and red ; but this was copied from a\nfpecimen which had a falfe tail added to it, and is not therefore to be regarded.\nHifl. des oif\n\o The T A N A G E R.\nThe females, and young males, differ from the above defcription, as they have not the fiery colour on the lower part of the\nback : the male gains this at a mature age, but it is ever wanting\nin the female, as that part is wholly of an orange-colour, and in\ngeneral the whole plumage is lefs brilliant; not but both males\nand females vary much, as fome of them have been of a bright\nred both on the back and rump, while others have thofe parts,\nwhoily of a golden yellow.\nThis moft beautiful fpecies is pretty common about the inhabited parts of Guiana. It appears in large flocks in the neighbourhood of Cayenne firft about September,, and frequents a\nparticular large tree, which is juft then in flower, and as foon as\nthe fruit fets, begins its depredations thereon ; it generally flays,\nfix weeks,, and then paffes elfewhere,, but returns again in April\nand May, at which time the fruit ripens : it is about this tree\nalone that it is found, for it does not frequent others. Thefe.\nbirds may be kept in a cage; will feed on bread and meal; are\nfaid to have no fong, but only a fhort and fhrill. note.\nLe Tangar\na gorge noire, Buf. oif. iv. p. 28-3-.\nolive a. gorge noire de Cayenne, Pl. enl. 720. f.\" 1\nT ENGTH five inches. The upper mandible black; the\nunder grey: the head and upper parts of the body olive\ngreen : the throat black r the breaft orange-colour : fides of the\nneck* and all the under parts of the body, of a fine yellow : the\nwing coverts, quills, and tail, brown, edged with olives the legs,\nblackifh.\nInhabits Guiana..\n33-\nBLACK-\nTHROATED T.\nDescription..\n\" Tanagra 238\n34-\nJACARINI T.\nTanagra Jacarina, Lin. Syft. i. p. 314. N\nLe Tangara noir du Brefil, Brif. orn. iii.\nLe Jacarini, Buf. of. iv. p. zg_.\nMoineau de Cayenne, Pl. enl. 224.\nJacarini, Will. om. p. 258.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Edw. pl. 306.\nI\nCIZE of a Goldfinch. Bill thick, afh-coloured : general colour of the plumage black, with a polifhed glofs, and in fome\nlights reflecting blue and green : the infide of the wings white:\ntail rather forked : legs afh-colour.\nThe female is wholly grey : the male alfo becomes grey in the\ntime of moulting, and at times its plumage is part grey, part\nblack, fo as to give the appearance of a different fpecies.\nInhabits Brafil, where the natives call it Jacarini; by the\nPortuguefe it is named Negretto. Is alfo very common at Guiana,\nwhere it is moftly found on land which is newly cultivated, frequenting fmall trees, particularly coffee-trees ; and is remarkable\nfor hopping upwards frequently from the branch, firft alighting'\ndown on one foot and then the other, each leap being accompanied by a not unpleafing note, and fpreading out the tail at\nthe fame time*.\nThis leaping motion is only made by the male, the female behaving like other birds. The neft is hemifpherical in fhape, and^\nabout two inches in diameter, compofed of dried herbs, of a\ngrey-colour. The eggs are two in number, of a greenifh white,\nmarked with fmall numerous red fpots, deepeft and moft in\nquantity at the large end.\n* Hifl. des of\nTanagra Tanagra violacea, Lin. Syft. i. p. 314. N\u00C2\u00B0 5.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Muf. Adolph. Fr. ii. p. 31.\nLe Tangara noir & jaune du Brefil, Brif. orn. iii. p. 31. N\u00C2\u00B0 18. pl. 2. f. 2.\nTangara du Brefil, Pl. enl. 114. f. 2.\nLe Teite, Buf. of iv. p. 295.\u00E2\u0080\u0094i?\u00C2\u00AB.7 Sy\u00C2\u00BB. p. 92. 12.\nTeitei, Guiranhemgeta, Guraundi, Will. orn. p. 266.\nGuranthe-engera, Fernet. Voy. i. p. 1,8.5. pl. 3. f. 3 ?\nPaffer e violaceo nigricans, &c. N. C. Fetr. vol. xi. p. 431. 3. pl. 14. f. 3,\nGolden Titmoufe, Edw. pl. 263. f. 1.\nLev. Muf.\nGOLDEN T,\nCIZE of a Canary-bird : length three inches and three quarters. Bill black : the forehead, and all the under parts, are\nof a golden yellow; the reft of the plumage black, with the glofs\nof polifhed fteel: the inner part of all the quills, except the three\nfirft, is white from the bafe for two thirds of the length, as are all\nthe tail feathers, except the two middle ones, which are wholly\nblack : the legs are black..\nThe female differs greatly. The upper parts in her are olive\ngreen : the forehead yellowifh-: on the chin a fpot of yellow ; the\nreft of the throat cinereous : the under parts to the vent yellowifh, with a eaft of olive :: the two outer feathers of the tail white\non the inner margin : the legs brownifh.\nThe young of this appears often parti-coloured, blue mixed\nwith olive green, and the yellow on the forehead very dull; but\nthat onthe under parts pretty diftinct.\nThe female makes a neft not unlike that of the Jacarini, but\nchufes leaves of another colour, being reddifh inftead of grey.\nThe fpecies is. very common at Cayenne, Surinam, and Brefil;\nfrequents the fime places with the Jacarini, and is often feen in\ncompany with that bird ; and. indeed both together are found\nvery- T A N A G E R.\nvery deftructive to the rice plantations, as they fometimes vifit\nthem in vaft flocks; it feeds alfo on the plants called Paco and.\nMamao: is kept often-in cages, but not for its fong, as Willughby\nobferves that it only chirps like a Redftart*': it is alfo faid, that\nthey delight to live together five or fix in a cage.\nTanagra chlorotica, Lin. Syft. i. p. 317. N923.\nLe Tangara noir & jaune de Cayenne, Brif. orn. iii. p. 34. N\u00C2\u00B0 \g, pi. 2.\nTangara de Cayenne, Pl. enl. 114. f. 1.\nBr. Muf.\nHp HIS feems to be only a mere variety of the laft, having\nalmoft the whole of the crown yellow, inftead of the forehead : the under parts are yellow, but only from the breaft, as the\nwhole chin and neck are black.\nTanagra Cayana, Lin. Syjl.'i. p. 316. N\u00C2\u00B0 14.\nLe Tangara noir de Cayenne, Brif. om. iii. p. 29.\nPl. enl. 114. \u00C2\u00A33.\nLe Tangara negre, Buf. oif. iv. p. 297.\nBr, Muf Lev. Muf.\nN\u00C2\u00B0 17. pl. ;\nCl Z E of the others. Bill and legs dufky : the whole plumage\nblack, with a reflection of blue in fome lights, except the\nunder part of the wings, and a fmall fpace on each fide of the\nbreaft at their infertioh, which are yellow, but this is fo much hid\n* Pernetty fays, it imitates the fong of other birds; but perhaps he may not\nftriftly mean our bird, as the Brafilians call feveral others by the name of\nTeiti.\nWhen TAN\nR.\nwhen the wings are clofed, that the bird appears wholly black :\nthe inner webs of fome of the quills are white.\nInhabits Brafil, Mexico, and Guiana, but is not very common\nat the laft place.\nBr. Muf.\nCIZE of a Lark: length five inches three quarters. Bill\nblack, not very flout, and a trifle curved towards the point:\ngeneral colour of the plumage of a deep indigo blue, inclining\nto lead-colour: wings and tail dufky: on the throat .a large rufous patch : legs black.\nInhabits Jamaica.\nTanagra atrata, Lin. Syft. i. p. 315. N\u00C2\u00B0 9.\nJI Z E of a Thrufh : the colour of the plumage wholly black,\nwith a glofs of blue on the back: bill and legs black.\nInhabits the Eaft Indies.\nTanagraalbiroftris, Lin.Syft. i. p. 315. N\" 12 ; 316. N\u00C2\u00B0 18.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Muf. Adolph.\nii. p. 31.\nCIZE of a Starling, or bigger. Bill white, bare at the bafe;\npretty thick, as in the Grofbeak genus, but long as in the\nStarling, though thicker: general colour of the plumage black :\nthe bottom of the feathers on the back white: the rump above\nand beneath fulvous yellow: on the wing coverts a fulvous\nVol.II. I i fpot: TAN\nR.\nfpot: quills black : tail even,? yellow; the end half towards the\ntip black : claws flout *.\nPlace; Inhabits America.\nMILITARY T.\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094Muf, Adolph Fr. ii. p. 3a\nTanagra militaris, Lin. Syft. i. p. 316.\nEmberiza militaris, Amoen acad. iv. p. 2\nLe Cardinal brun, Brif. om. iii. p. 51. N\u00C2\u00B0 30.\nTroupiale de Cayenne, PL enl. 236.\nGreater Bulfinch, or Shirley, Edw. pl. 82. 342.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Bancroft Guiana, p.\nLev. Muf\nCIZE of a Lark: length almoft fix inches. Bill pale: the\nupper parts of the plumage brown : the throat, fore part of\nthe neck, and breaft, crimfon f : belly, thighs, and vent, dull\nblack brown : upper edge of the wings crimfon: legs pale-\nbrown.\nSome birds have the margins of the brown feathers paler than\nthe reft of the feathers ; and fuch are fuppofed to be young birds\nby Edwards.\nThis inhabits various parts of South America. By fome faid\nalfo to be met with in China J.\n* The fecond of Linmeus, or N\u00C2\u00B0 18. is quoted from the fame authority ; but'\nthe patches of colour on the wings, rump, and tail, are faid to be white. It\nmuft therefore either be a variety, or double quotation by mere miftake ; and it\nfeems almoft clear to us,.thatitis the fame fpecies as one before-defcribed.\u00E2\u0080\u0094See\nBlack and yellow-Oriole, vol. i. p. 418. Rather, however, than obtrude our\nopinion againft that of fo obfervant a naturalift as Linnaus, we fhall fuller it to-\na fpecies of Tanager.\nf Bancroft calls-it Blood-colon\n1 Ofieck Voy, i. p. 329. T A N A G E R.\nI am in fome doubt whether this is really a diftinct fpecies\nfrom the Guiana Oriole *, vol. i. p. 430. of this Work, as the\nmarkings are pretty nearly the fame ; but the one here defcribed\nis fhorter by almoft an inch and a half than that referred to, and\nthe bill is ftouter in proportion, and fomewhat curved at the tip,\nefpecially in Edwards's figure. I have feen this bird, but cannot\nat prefent charge my memory with a fufficient idea of the difference : let others, therefore, judge of this matter for themfelves.\nOne thing however I cannot allow, which is, that it is anywife\nallied to the Red-winged Oriole f, as Buffon fuppofes j.. This laft\nbird is never red on the under parts, and the red fpot is chiefly\non the inner leffer wing coverts; whereas in the bird at prefent\ntreated of, the ridge of the wing only is red.\nLe Tangara a tete blanche du Brefil, Brif om. iii. p. 35. 20. 41.\nQuatoztli, Seba, i. p. c8. pl. 36. f. 6. WHITE-\n^ \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 ,* *\u00E2\u0084\u00A2 HEADED T.\nCIZE of the Golden Tanager : length four inches. Bill yellow: Description,\nthe forehead white : all the upper parts blackifh brown:\nthroat, and fore part of the neck, pale red: breaft, and wings,\n.purplifh red: belly, and vent, pale yellow: tail blackifh brown:\nlegs yellow.\nInhabits Brafil, and frequents the mountainous parts. Place.\n* Vol. i. p. 430.\nt Hifl. des of. iv. p.\nf Id. p. 428, YELLOW T.\nAMBOINA T.\nLe Tangara jaune du Brefil, Brif, em. ii\nGuiraperea, Raii Syn. p. 89. 4.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will. 0;\nj p. 39- 2Z'\n\"\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 P- 256-\nCIZE of a Lark. Bill fhort, thick, and black : all the upper\nparts, and the lower belly, dark yellow, like wax : the fore\nparts, to the breaft black : the belly fpotted with black: quills,\nand tail, dufky, edged with fea-green : legs afh-colour.\nInhabits Brafil.\nBuffon * thinks it more like a Finch. Perhaps it may be allied to the Yellow Finch of Bancroft f, which he fays has a bill\nlike the Blue Finch ; the body of a lively yellow; but the quills,\nand tail, variegated with green.\nIn compliance with Briffon, I retain it among the Tanagert.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0Le Tangara bleu d'Amboine, Brif. orn. Hi. p. 12. r.\nAvis Amboinenfis, Calatti dicla, Seba, i. p. 63. pl. 38. f. 6.\nCIZE of a Lark : length fix inches and three quarters. Crown\nof the head black: the reft of the upper parts variegated with\nblack and blue : rump, and upper tail coverts, pale blue green r\ncheeks, and beneath to the breaft, blue: belly, thighs, and ventx\nwhite : upper wing coverts blue, marked with a fpot of purple:\nquills variegated with blue, black, and green: tail brown, tipped\nwith pale rufous, inclining to grey.\nInhabits Amboina^\ni Hifl. des of. iv. p. 300.\nf Hifl. of Guiana, p. i8< *45\nLe Tangara bleg de la Nouvelle Efpagne, Brif. orn. iii. p, 15. 7\nJHuhtototl, Fern. Hifl. N. Hfp. p. 13. ch. 120.\nCIZE of the Houfe Sparrow. Bill brownifh: general colour\nof the plumage blue, with a little mixture of fulvous : wings\npartly blue partly fulvous, with a little mixture of black: tail\nblack, tipped with white: legs grey.\nInhabits New Spain,\nIt is called by fome Elotototl. Is faid to fing well, and accounted good food.\nCERULEAN T. [ _46 ]\n-Genus XXXVII. FINCH.\n1\ni. Houfe Sparrow.\nN\u00C2\u00B0i8.\nCrefcent F.\nVar. A. White ditto.\n19.\nBeautiful F.\nVar. B. Yellow ditto.\n20.\nRufous-chinned F.\nVar. C. Black ditto.\n21.\nGloffy F.\n2. Tree Sp.\nVar. A.\n3. Black-faced F.\n22.\nBlack and orange F.\n4. Ring Sp.\n*3-\nWhite-breafted F.\n5. Foolifh Sp.\n24.\nCowpen F.\n6. Speckled Sp.\n25.\nBonana F.\n7. White-tailed Sp.\n26.\nGrey-headed F.\n8. Short-tailed Sp.\n27.\nSavanna F.\n9. Dalmatic Sp.\n28.\nScarlet F.\n10. Chaffinch.\n29.\nCrimfon-headed F.\nVar. A.\n3\u00C2\u00B0-\nRed-breafted F.\nVar. B.\n3*-\nFerruginous F.\nVar. C.\n32-\nWhite-throated F.\n11. Crimfon-crowned F.\n33-\nFafciated F.\nia. ArdicF.\n34-\nGrafs F.\n13. Brambling.\n35-\nCinereous F.\nVar. A.\n36.\nNorton F.\nVar. B.\n37-\nWinter F.\n14. Lapland F.\n38.\nStriped-headed F.\n15. Snow F.\n39-\nPurple F.\n16. Mountain F.\n40.\nOrange F.\n17. Cap fa. F.\n41.\nSurinam F.\n42. Lon I 247 J\nr\u00C2\u00AB4_.\nLong-billed F.\nN\u00C2\u00B0 61.\nChinefe Sifkin.\n43'\nChinefe F.\n62.\nCanary F.\n44.\nWhite-cheeked F.\nVar. A. Mozambique F.\n45-\nBlack-headed F.\n63-\nSerin F.\n46.\nBrown F.\n64.\nCitril F.\n47-\nEuftatian F.\n6S.\nSaffron-fronted F-\n48.\nVariegated F-\n66.\nAutumnal F.\n49.\nFrizzled F.\n67.\nLepid F.\n50.\nCollared F-\n68.\nYellow F.\n51-\nGoldfinch.\n69.\nBahama F.\nVar. A.\n70.\nBlack-collared F-\nVar. B.\n71-\nUltramarine F.\nVar. C\n72.\nTripoline F.\nVar. D.\n73-\nLinnet.\nVar. E.\n74-\nGreater Redpole.\nVar. F.\n75-\nLeffer ditto.\nVar. G.\n76.\nMountain Linnet*\nVar. H.\nVar. A. Twite-.\n52.\nGreen Goldfinch.\n77-\nStrafburg F.\n53-\nRed-faced F.\n78.\nAngola F.\n54-\nParrot F.\n79-\nDufky F.\nSS-\nRed -headed F.\n80.\nLong-tailed F.\n56.\nLulean F.\n81.\nBlue-bellied F.\n57-\nAmerican Goldfinch.\n82.\nAmaduvade F.\n58.\nSifkin.\nVar. A.\nVar. A.\n83-\nSenegal F.\nVar. B.\n84.\nWhite-eared F.\nVar. C.\n85.\nCape F.\n5.9\nMexican Sifkin.\n86.\nCuba F.\n60.\nBlack ditto.\n&7.\nBrafilian F.\n2.\n88v Ceylon. 248\n88.\nCeylon F.\nN\u00C2\u00B0\n93-\nAzure-headed F.\n8q.\nBrown-throated. F.\n94.\nBlue-crowned F.\n90.\nFire F.\n95-\nLunar F.\n91.\nBlue-faced F.\n06.\nGreen-rumped F.\n92.\nBlue-headed F.\nBIRDS of this genus have the bill perfectly conic, flender\ntowards the end, and very fharp-pointed : differing from the\nGrofbeaks; in which the bill is rounded from the bafe to the point\nof each mandible.\nHOUSE SPARROW.\nFringilla domeftica, Lin, Syft. i. p. 323. 36. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Faun. Suee. 242. \u00E2\u0080\u0094Scop. ann.\ni, N\u00C2\u00B0 220.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Brun. N\u00C2\u00B0 z6\.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Muller, N\u00C2\u00B0 263.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Kram. el. p. 369. jo.\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094Olin. uc. pl. in p. 42.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Frifch. pl. 8.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Georgi Reife, p. 174.\nLe Moineau franc. Brif, em. iii. p. 72. 1. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Buf. oif. iii. p. 474. pl. 29.\nf. 1.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. vi. f. 1. (the adult). 55. f. 1. (the young bird).\nHoufe Sparrow, Raii Syn. p. 86. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Will. orn. p. 249. pl. 44. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Albin. \.\np\.6z.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Br. Zool. N\u00C2\u00B0 127. pl. 51\u00E2\u0080\u0094Arff. Zool.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nOIZ E well known : length five inches and three quarters. Bill\nrather flout, dufky, the bafe yellowifh : irides hazel: the general colour on the upper parts reddifh brown mixed with black;\nthe under, pale dirty afh-colour : crown of the head afh-colour:\nbetween the bill and eyes, and round the laft, black : chin,\nand fore part of the neck, black, a little intermixed with grey E\nwing coverts chefnut and black mixed,\"with a paler bar acrofs\nthem : quills dufky, with rufous edges : tail deep brown edged?\nwith grey, and a little forked : legs grey brown.\nThe female, above, is of the fame colour as the male, but much\nmore I N\nH.\nmore obfcure: behind the eye a white ftreak : no black on the\nthroat: the under parts dingy white, or pale afh-colour.\nThis bird is well known, being everywhere common about our\nhoufes, where it builds in every place it can find admittance ; under the roof, corner of the brick-work, or hole in the\nwall *. Makes a flovenly neft: generally a little hay, ill put together, and lined well with feathers. The eggs are five or fix in\nnumber, of a reddifh white colour, fpotted with brown. Will\nfometimes build in the neighbouring trees ; but in this cafe take\nmore pains with the neft; and will not unfrequently drive the\nMartins from theirs, to fave the trouble of conftrufling one of\ntheii; own. Has in general three broods in a year.\nThis fpecies, from frequenting only habitations, and parts adjacent -J\", may be faid to be chiefly fed from human induftry ; for,\nin fpite of every precaution, it will partake with the Pigeons,\nPoultry, &c. in the food thrown out to them ; grain of all kinds\nbeing the food beft adapted to its tafte J; not but it will eat\nworms, and refufe from the kitchen of moft kinds. It is a familiar but crafty bird, and will not fo eafily come into a fnare as\nmany others. In autumn often collect into flocks, and rooft in\nPla<\nMa,\n* Many people have fmall pots fattened againfl their houfes, for thefe birds to\nbuild in.\nf It is found among the rocks beyond Lake Baikal, and in the fouthern\nmountains ; but it is faid, that in the greateft part of Sibiria there were none,\nbefore the Ruffians began to cultivate there.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Mr. Pennant.\nIt is an extreme fcarce bird in fome of the vales about the Kefwici mountains,\nwhere there is little grain, and few inhabitants.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Dr. Heyjham.\nX It has been calculated, that a Sparrow will confume twenty pounds of wheat\nin a year.\nVol. II.\nK k\nnumbers I N\nH.\nnumbers on the neighbouring trees, when they may be fhot by\ndozens, or of night caught in great numbers by a bat fowling-\nnet. The flefh is accounted tolerable by many; but far lefs\nefteemed than that of many other birds.\nThis Sparrow has no fong, only a chirp or two frequently repeated, and far from agreeable.\nI believe this fpecies to fpread everywhere throughout Europe;\nand is alfo met with in Egypt, Senegal, Syria *, and other parts of\nAfrica and Afiia. A\nVau. A.\n+- WHITE\nSPARROW.\nLe Moineau blanc, Brif. orn. iii. p. 77. A.\nPaffer albus, Aldrov. av. ii. pl, in p. 566.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Scop. ,\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\n'\"PHIS bird has a yellow bill and irides, and the plumage\nwholly white.\nWhite Sparrows are to be feen both in the Britifh and Leverian\nMufeums; but the laft contains many varieties approaching to\nor mixed with white.\nThe firft, brown above; beneath, dirty white.\nAnother, marked as in common, very pale, but fome of the\nquills white.\nA third, the upper parts very pale, almoft white: the under\nparts as in common.\nFourth, everywhere of a pure white, except a rudiment of\nblack on the throat, fhewing it to have been a male.\n* Found at Aleppo.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ruffed's Alep. p. 70.\nFifth, N\nH.\nFifth, pure white, with a fpot on the crown: the nape of the\nneck, and the back, brown. One like this is alfo in the Britifh\nMufeum.\nLe Moineau jaune, Brif. om. iii. p. 78.\nPafTer flavus, Aldr. av. ii. p. 557, pl, in ditto.\nLev. Muf.\nVar.B.\nYELLOW\nrP H I S is yellow, with a tinge of chefnut on the upper Description,\nparts.\nThat in the Leverian Mufeum is wholly of a yellow cream-\ncolour.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nT N the Leverian Mufeum is more than one fpecimen of a Black\nSparrow : the bill of a deep yellow in one of them.\u00E2\u0080\u0094I believe\nthat this variety is full as common as the white one; as I have\nhad three brought to me within thefe few years. All of them\nwere fhot at large, and therefore could not be the effect of keeping\nin a cage, on improper food. I have likewife two fpecimens of\nwhite ones, both fhot wild in the neighbourhood.\nK k\nFringilla I N\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094Faun. Suec. 243.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Scop. ann. i\nl\" Z64.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Olin. uc. pl. in p. 48.-\nFringilla montana, Lin. Syft. i. p. 324. 37.\nE F- N\u00C2\u00B0 221\u00E2\u0080\u0094Brun. N\u00C2\u00B0 267.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Muller, I\nKram. el. p. 370, II.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Frifch. pl. I.\nLe Moineau deMontagne, Brif. orn. iii. p. jg. 2.\nLe Friquet, Buf. oif. iii. p. 489. pl. 29. f. 2.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 267. f. 1.\nPaffer montanus, Raii Syn. p. 87. 15.\nMountain Sparrow, Will. orn. p. zez. pl. 45. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Albin, iii. pl. 66. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 _5-w.\npl. 269. (male and female.)\nTree Sparrow, Br. Zool. i. N\u00C2\u00B0 128. pl. _z,\u00E2\u0080\u0094Arcl. Zool,\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\ntion. COMEWHAT lefs than our Houfe Sparrow : length five\ninches and a half. Bill black: irides greyifh hazel: the\nhead, and nape, chefnut: the chin black : on each fide of the\nhead, behind the eye, a fpot of the fame: the upper parts of the\nbody rufous brown fpotted with black, inclining to greenifh towards the rump : fides of the neck, the breaft, and under parts,\ndufky white : wing coverts rufous, edged with black, and croffed\nwith two bars of white : the greater coverts black, with ferruginous edges : quills blackifh, with rufous edges: tail even at the\nend; colour rufous brown : legs pale yellow.\n,__, The female is duller in colour, and wants the black on the\nears and throat.\nand This fpecies is found in England, and is in tolerable plenty in\n<\u00C2\u00A3RS- Lancafhire, Lincolnfhire, and Yorkfhire, but not further to the\nnorth of England, or Scotland. It is obferved always to build on\ntrees, and not in buildings like the Houfe Sparrow.\nIt is much more common on many parts of the Continent than\nin England; Italy, France, Germany, Ruffia, and the eaftern part of\nSibiria. In the laft, much more plentiful than the Houfe Sparrow*\nand in many parts even where the laft is not feen.\n3 Dr. FINCH.\nDr. Forfter * mentions a bird of this kind, in Canada, fix inches\nand a half in length, which has no black under the throat and\neyes, and no white collar: the bill and legs black. This arrives\nat our fettlements at Severn in May, and goes further north to\nbreed, and returns in autumn.\n*$3\nLe Friquet huppe, Buf. oif. iii, p. 496.\nMoineau de Cayenne, PL enl. 181. f. 1.\nBlack-faced Finch, Aril. Zool.\nBLACK-FACED\nrP HIS is as big as a Sparrow, and fix inches and a half in\nlength. The bill is red : the upper parts of the plumage,\n' wings, and tail, reddifh brown: the under parts, and rump, crimfon : the top of the head is crefted, and of the fame colour : fides\nof the head, under the creft, black : legs brown.\nThe fecond figure, or the female, has the top of the head,\nround the eyes, and chin, black : neck, as far as the breaft,\ncrimfon : the rump is alfo crimfon : the upper parts of the body,\nwings, and tail, as in the other, but pale : the quills black : on\nthe breaft a bar of black: the reft of the under parts white, mixed\nwith a little black at the thighs: legs brown.\nThefe inhabit Cayenne, and are alfo met with in Carolina.\n* Phil. Tranf. vol. Ixii. p. 405.\nFringilla 254\nI N\nFringilla petronia, Lin. Syft. i. p. 322. N\u00C2\u00B0 30.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Frifch. pl. iii.\nLe Moineau de bois, Brif. orn. iii. p. 88. 6. pl. 5. f. 1.\nLa Soulcie, Buf. oif. iii. p. 498. pl. 30. f. 1.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl, enl. 225.\nPafler torquatus, Raii Syn. p. 87. 6. i\nRing Sparrow, Will. om. p. 250. ?\nPetronia marina, feu Oenanthae congener, Will. om. p. 267.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Raii Syn. 80. 2.\nHTHI S is bigger than the Houfe Sparrow : length five inches,\nand three quarters. Bill ftrong; the upper mandible\nbrown, the other pale grey, with a brown tip : the head, and up- I\nper part of the neck and back, dirty grey fpotted with brown :\nrump the fame, but not fpotted : all beneath, dirty grey and\nwhite mixed : the fore part of the neck yellow: round the head,\nabove the eyes, a ring of dirty white *: the wings not unlike the\nback : fome of the coverts, and the fecond quills, white at the\nends: quills, and tail, dufky, edged with grey, and all the feathers, except the two middle ones, have a white fpot on the inner f web, near the tip.\nThis bird frequents Europe, chiefly Germany; in fome parts of\nwhich it is pretty numerous.\nIt is alfo found . in Italy; and is migratory, except in the\nwarmer climates, where it frequents woods, and builds in the\nholes of trees. Has one brood in a year, and lays four or five\neggs. At the end of July collects into flocks, and remains fo\n* In the Planches Enluminees, the whole head, above the eyes, is rufty cream-\ncolour, furrounded by a ring of black, and beneath that a ring of white.\nt Linmeus fays, the fpot is on the outer webs, and the exterior margin of the\nouter one white.\n5 till I N\nH.\ntill fpring. In the. colder climates fcarce ever feen in numbers\ntogether. Is a oender bird, often being found dead in the hollows of trees in hard winters. It lives both on feeds and\ninfects *.\nOne very like this was found in Norton Sound, by our late\ncircumnavigators.\nLe Moineau fou, Brif ei\nPaffer ftultus Bononienfu\nFoolifh Sparrow, Will, m\nii. p. 87. 5.\nRaii Syn. p.\n. 1.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Olin. uc. pl. in p. 45.\nFOOLISH SP.\nQIZE of the Houfe Sparrow. Above, rufous grey fpotted w!th Description.\nruft-colour : over the eye a white ftreak, and a yellow fpot\non the throat: beneath, yellowifh : two bands of white on the\nwings; and a blackifh tail;, edged with rufous.\nLe Moineau de Bologne, Brif. om. iii. p. 91. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nPaffer maculatus, Rait Syn. p. 87. 3.\nSpeckled Sparrow, Will. orn. p. 230. N\u00C2\u00B0 4.\nSPECKLED SP.\nCIZE of the laft. Bill yellow : irides white: head, and neck,\nthe fame, marked with yellowifh fpots: back, and rump,\nblack, white, and yellowifh, mixed : under parts yellowifh white :\nquills dufky : tail, and legs, yellowifh.\nk Le Moine;\n. iii. p. 82.\nde Campagne, ou le Friquet, and le Moineau a Collie.\n. feem not to differ effentiatly from this fpecies. 256\nH.\nWHITE-\nTAILED SP.\nLe Moineau de Bologne a queue blanche, Brif. 0\nWhite-tailed Sparrow of Aldrovand, Will, or\n. 111. p. 92. 8.\np. 250. 5. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Raii Syn.\"\nHP HI S is yellowifh above, fpotted with chefnut, and ftreaked\nwith white. Head, and under parts, yellowifh white : tail\ncinereous white.\nSHORT-\nTAILED SP.\nLe petit Moineau de Bologne, Brif. orn. i\nShort-tailed Italian Sparrow, Will. orn. zt\n, p. 93. 9.\n. 13.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Raii Syn. 87. 12,\nDescription. HPHE whole body of this is yellowifh; the breaft, and belly,\npaleft : the bill of a deeper yellow.\nThe four laft are found about Bologna.\nDALMATIC SP. Le Moineau d'Efclavonie, Brif. em. iii. p. 94. 10.\nDalmatic Sparrow, Will. orn. p. 250.\nDescription. HP H I S is bigger than the Houfe Sparrow. Bill whitifh :\nupper parts of the body reddifh; the under whitifh:\nforked : legs pale yellow.\nInhabits Dalmatia.\nthe\ntail\nThe laft five have only been mentioned in brief, left they\nfhould prove to be mere varieties of fome of the fpecies before\ndefcribed.\nPringilla 2$7\nFringilla ccelebs, Lin. Syft. i. p. 318. 3.\nFringilla fylvia, Lin. Syft. i. p. 318.\nfemale.)\u00E2\u0080\u0094Scop. ann. i. N\u00C2\u00B0 217.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Bt\nKram. el. p. 367. 4.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Frifch. pl. I.-\nLe Pincon, Brif. orn. iii. p. 14S. 36.-\nenl.\n54.1\nChaffinch, Raii Syn. p. 88. 16. A.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will.\npl. 63.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Br. Zool, i, N\u00C2\u00B0 125.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ara. Zool.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf\n.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Faun. Suec. 232. (the male.)\n3. /3.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Faun. Suec. 232. B. (the\nCHAFFINCH,\nrun. N\u00C2\u00B0 253. 4. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Mull. N\u00C2\u00B0 255.\u00E2\u0080\u0094.\n-Olin. uc. pl. in p., 31.\n-Buf. oif. iv. p. 109. pl. 4\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl.\nill. om. p. 253. pl. 4S.~Albin. \u00C2\u00AB.\nCIZE well known. Bill pale blue *; tip black : irides hazel:\nforehead black: crown, nape, and fides of the neck, blueifh\naih-colour : fides of the head, throat, and fore part of the neck,\nreddifh: back chefnut brown, inclining to green on the rump :\nbelly, thighs, and yent, rufous white: on the wing coverts a large\npatch of white; and acrofs the greater coverts a bar of the fame :\n-quills black, with yellowifh edges; the bafe of them white, forming, when clofed, a fecond bar acrofs the wing: tail black, a\nlittle forked; the outer feather has a longitudinal ftreak placed\nobliquely, and the next to it a fpot of white, near the tip of the\ninner web : the legs are brown.\nThe colours of the female are dull, and incline to green ; the\nvinaceous red colour is wanting: the breaft and belly dirty\nwhite : the reft not much unlike the male. \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\nThis in England is one of our moft common fpecies : makes\nthe neft in fome well-clothed bufh, not very high, and compofes\nit of fibres of plants and mofs, lining it within with hair, wool,\nfeathers, &c.: the eggs are five or fix in number, of a pale reddifh\nPlace\nObserv.\n* In fpring and fii&mer; at other times almoft white.\nVol. II. L 1 grey, I N\nH.\ngrey, marked with blackifh fpots at the large end. The male is\nfeldom found far from the neft.\nThe male is accounted among our finging birds, and the note\nis very pleafing to fome, but does not continue the whole year:\nthofe of Effex are moft efteemed *. With us both fexes are feen\nat all feafons ; but in Sweden the males only flay, the females \"f\nmigrating fouthward, to return in fpring % : flocks of females\nonly have alfo been obferved in Hampfhire ||.\nThis fpecies is expanded throughout Europe, as far as Gibraltar; and is likewife met with on the coafts of Africa, the Cape\nof Good Hope \u00C2\u00A7, and other parts Jjp.\nSeveral varieties of the Chaffinch are mentioned by authors.\nPincon a Ailes & queui\np. 121. I.\nnoires, Brif. t\n-Buf. oif. i\nHP H E head and neck in this are afh-colour: cheeks brownifh:\nback and feapulars the fame, inclining to afh: rump\ngreenifh: .the under parts brownifh flefh-colour: the leffer and\ngreater wing coverts white; the middle ones, quills, and tail,\nblack; the two outer ones half way white on the outer\nmargins.\n* Barrington's Effays.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0f Not all of them; as Muller mentions one being fhot in January. P.\n1 Amain. Acad. vol. iv. p. 395. N\u00C2\u00B0 127.\n|| Br. Zool.\u00E2\u0080\u0094The migration of one fex only is not Angular to this fj\nother birds will be mentioned in this work, whofe manners are not un\nthis particular.\n\u00C2\u00A7 Hifl. des oif.\nf Found alfo at Aleppo. Ruffel, Alep. p. 70. FINCH.\nLe Pincon blanc, Brif. orn. iii. p. 154. G,\nLey. Muf.\n^THOLLY white.\n1SCRIPTION.\nLe Pincon a Collier, Brif. om. iii. p. 155. D. 10.\nVar. C\nHP HIS is of the common colour, except the crown of the Descript\nhead, and a collar round the neck, both of which are white.\nAdded to thefe, are two others, which have come under my\ninflection, viz. one with the fore parts white, the hinder ferruginous *; another with the back yellowifh, the under parts very\npale, and more white than ufual in the wings.\nFringilla flammea, Lin. Syft. i. p. 322. 26.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Faun. Suec. 238.\nLe Pincon hupe, Brif. orn. iii. p. 155. E.\nLinaria feu Luteola nigra, Klein, av. 93.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nCIZE of the Redpole: length four inches. Bill pale brown :\nthe whole top of the head of a deep flame-colour, inclining\nto crimfon : the feathers a trifle longer than the reft, not unlike\nthofe of the Blue-backed Manakin in the fame part: the reft of\nthe plumage on the upper parts of the body brown : beneath,\npale crimfon, or rofe-colour, not unlike that of the Pine\nGrofbeak, but much paler: the legs are pale brown.\nCRIMSON-\nCROWNED S.\nDescription.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00BA In Lev. Muf.\nLl 2\nThis *6o FINCH.\nPlace. This is faid by Linna-us to have come from Norland.- defcribed?\nby him from Rudbeck's paintings. We believe this fpecies to be-\nconfined to the northern regions, though not afcertained by the\nleaft hiftory, annexed to either of the fpecimens in the Brhifb of\nLeverian Mufeums*\nFringilla flaviroftris, Lin. Syft. i. p. 322. N\u00C2\u00B0 27.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Faun. Sueo. N\u00C2\u00B0 239.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nMuller, N* 260.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pall. Trav. ii. p. 710. N\" 21.\nLe Pinson brun, Brif. om. iii. p. 154, B.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif. iv. p. 121.\nArctic Finch, Ara. Zool.\nt)ILL yellow, like wax, with a brown tip: the male is wholly\nof an obfcure footy brown colour, paleft beneath : the breaft\nfeathers have frequently the tips varied with garnet-colour I\nquills and tail dufky, edged with grey; the laft fomewhat forked\nin fhape: legs black.\nThe female inclines-to brown r otherwife like the male.\nThis fpecies is found in Norway *, and the north-eaft part of\nSibiria, very common : in Winter migrates to the fouthern parts,,\nfrequenting inhabited parts, and is feen about barns, being a.\ntame fpecies : it is frequent about the Jenifei in the fevereft part\nof the winter, and returns north earlier than the Snow Bunting.\nNot feen in Ruffia.\n* Muller. He fays it is called in Nbrf\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl\nf. I.\nYohualtototl,\nR\naii &\nyn. p\n18.23.pl. 7.\n.Muf.\nBuf. oif. i\nCIZE of a Sparrow: length four inches and three quarters.\nBill black: irides red : the whole plumage is black, except\nthe chin, juft under the bill, which is of a rufous orange-colour,\nand a fpot of the fame between the bill and eye: the legs\nblackifh.\nThis inhabits Jamaica, Martinique, Mexico, and other parts of\nSouth America.\nLe Pere noir a bee rouge, Brif. orn. iii. p. 120. 24.\nMoineau du Brefil, Buf. oif. iii. p. 486.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 291. f.\nShort-tailed Indian Sparrow of Aldrov. Will. an. p.\n!52. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Raii Syn.\nnp H I S is rather lei\na half. The bill\n, than a Sparrow : length four inches and\nflefh-colour : irides white : plumage\nwholly blue black, with a polifhed fteel glofs: legs flefh-\ncolour.\nThe female has the feathers on the upper parts blackifh, margined with yellowifh brown : behind the eye a blackifh ftreak:\nthe rump grey: beneath dufky yellowifh brown: tail black,\nedged with grey: legs reddifh.\nM m 2 PP-**^\n268\nMoineau de Cayenne, Pl. enl. zz\. t. 3.\nA Mere variety of the male of the laft. Wholly of a black colour: bill and legs dufky black..\nInhabits Cayenne.\nBLACK-AND-\nORANGE F.\nMoineau.de Macao, Buf of. iii. p. 486.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Pl. enl. 224, f. 1.\nA fmall black and orange-coloured bird, Raii Syn. p. 188. 5.1 ?\u00E2\u0080\u0094Sloan. Jamt\nii. p. 312. 50. r\nCIZE of a Linnet: length four inches and a half.. Bill pale\nbrown : general colour of the plumage a. full black, except\nthe wings and tail, the edges of which are deeply margined\nwith ferruginous: on the belly a few fpots of white :. legs the\ncolour of the bill.\nThis is faid to come from Mdc4$, and if not the fame,, differs\nvery little from Shane's bird,, except the wings and tail being;\nfringed with orange-colour inftead of ferruginous.. Shane's bird;\nfed on ants..\nWHITE-\nBREA&TEp P;\nMoineau de Java, Buf oif iii. p. 486.\u00E2\u0080\u0094-PL enl. 224. f. v.\nCIZE of the laft: general colour black, except an irregular\nbar of white acrofs- the breaft: bill and legs as- in the\nlaft. I N\n269\nLe Pincon de Virginie, Brif. om. iii. p. 165. 41.\nLe Brunet, Buf. oif. iv. p. 138.\nCowpen Bird, Catefb. Car. i. pl. 34.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\u00E2\u0080\u009Efr<2, Zool.\nLev, Muf,\nCOWPEN F\nbigger than the Mountain Finch : length fix\ninches\nDescription\nthree quarters. Bill blackifh: the \"general colour of the\nplumage brown; lighteft on the under parts : tail a trifle forked :\nlegs brown.\nThis is found in the winter-time in Virginia and Carolina, along\nwith the Red-winged Oriole and Purple Grakle. It delights to\nfeed in the pens among cattle, whence the name, 'i\nFringilla Jamaica, Lin. Syft. i. p. 323. 33.\n- Emberiza rem. reflricibufque nigris, &c. Ameen. acad. vol. i. p. 497.\nLe Pincon de la Jamaique, Brif. om. iii. p. 166. 42.\nLe Bonana, Buf. oif iv. p. 139.\nBonana Bird, Raii Syn- p. 187. 46.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Sloan. Jam. p. 311. 47. pl. 257. f. 3.\nGrey Grofbeak, Brown. Illufl. pl 26.\nLev, Muf.\nCIZE of a Sifkin : length five inches. Bill black: the upper\nparts of the plumage dull blue; the feathers very foft: the\nunder parts of a paler blue, inclining to yellow on the belly :\nwing coverts greenifh blue: quills and tail the fame: legs\nblack.\nInhabits Jamaica, from whence I have received a pair. The\nmale and female are much alike. H.\nz6. Le Serin de la Jamaique, Brif. orn, iii. p. 189. 53.\nGREY-HEADED Serino affinis a cinereo, luteo & fufco varius, Raii Syn. p. i8S. 50.-\nJam. ii. p. 311. S\u00C2\u00B0-\nDbscriptk\nT ENGTH eight inches. Bill three quarters of an inch;\nthe upper mandible blueifh brown; the under paler: the\nhead and throat grey : the upper part of the neck, and body,\nyellow brown : the under parts yellow.: vent white : wings and\ntail dull brown, ftreaked with white lines : legs blueifh: claws\nbrown, fhort, and crooked.\nThis fpecies inhabits Jamaica.\n2~ Le Moineau de la Jamaique, Brif. om\nSAVANNA F. Savanna Bird, Sloan. Jam, p. 306. pl.\n159. f. 5.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Raii Syn. p. 188. N\u00C2\u00B0 49.\n28.\nSCARLET I\nT ENGTH four inches. Bill thick, fhort, and pointed;\ncolour brown : over the eye a yellow ftreak : crown, and upper\nparts of the body, dull brown, mixed with whitifh and fillemot colour : beneath, as faras the breaft, pale yellowifh brown : belly\nwhite: quills brown, tipped with white: tail brown: legs\nwhitifh.\nInhabits Jamaica; where Shane tells us, that (c it fits on the\n\" ground in the plains, and runs thereon after the manner of\n(C Sky-larks, as low as they can, to avoid being difcovered ; and\n\" when raifed, fly not far nor high, but light again very near.\"\nLev. Muf\nT ENGTH four inches and a half.- Bill like that of a Goldfinch, but longer, and very fharp at the point; colour pale\nbrown: I\nC H.\nbrown: general colour of the plumage a brilliant deep orange,\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2verging to fcarlet: wings and tail dufky ; the outer edges of the\n' .quills fringed with orange, and the ends of the prime ones black.:\nthe tail even at the end : legs black.\nInhabits Sandwich Iflands.\na erythnna, N C. I\n(Aua. P. S. Pallas\n. p. 587. t.\n.ev.Muf.\n. Male and Female.\nQIZE of a Greenfinch,\ninches : weight five d\nCRIMSON-\nIE ADED F.\nbut the head fmaller: length near five\nachms. Bill brownifh horn-colour :\nbetween that and the eyes cinereous grey: head, neck, and\nthroat, red : lower part of the neck whitifh : the nape and back\ncinereous, with a reddifh call\u00E2\u0080\u00A2: wing coverts brown, edged with\nreddifh : quills brown, margined with luteous : the under parts\nwhite, tinged with red on the breaft and fides : tail rather forked;\nbrown fhafts, and margins luteous: legs the colour of the\nbill. ^iJtek-\nThe female is wholly of a yellowifh afh-colour on the upper\nparts, marked on the crown with yellowifh fpots : fides of the head\nalmoft white: chin white.: on the neck a few obfcure brown\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2markings : tail cufky brown, margined with grey.\nThis inhabits the thick woods about the Volga and Samara,\nwhere it is called the Red Sparrow, is a tame foolifh bird.\nThe female makes a neft of hay between the branches of trees..\n__ found in fmall numbtrs in winter among the flocks of Snow-\nflakes, and feeds on the feeds of plants. It is alfo met with in\nSibiria, about the river Tomfik.\n\u00C2\u00A7 If I N\nH.\n30.\nRED-\nBREASTED F.\nIf I am not miftaken, the fame bird is alfo met with in\nAmerica, about New York, to which it comes about the end of\nMarch, and frequents the red cedars. One of thefe is in the collection of Major Davies.\nRed-breafted Finch, Ara. Zool.\n\"DILL white: cheeks, throat, fore part of the neck, and\nbreaft, of a rich crimfon : crown, upper part of the neck,\nback, wings, and tail, black: wing coverts croffed with two\nlines of white : legs black.\nFound at Sandy Hook, in the fpring.\nFERRUGINOUS\nF.\nLittle Sparrow, Edw. pi. 354. f. 2.\nFerruginous Finch, Ara. Zool.\nCIZE of the Hedge Sparrow: length five inches and a half.\nBill dufky : upper parts of the plumage, quills, and tail,\ndark brown, edged with reddifh brown : the under parts; from\nthe breaft, light-coloured, marked with dark long fpots on the\nbreaft : about the eyes white : legs brownifh flefh-colour.\nInhabits Penfylvania, and other parts of North America.\nWHITE-\nTHROATED F.\nLe Moineau de Penfylvanie, Brif. orn. App. p. 77.\nWhite-throated Sparrow, Edw. pl. 304.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ara. Zool.\nCIZE of the Tree Sparrow: length fix inches and a half.\nBill dufky : irides hazle : from the corner of the mouth\nthrough the eye a dufky ftreak, and above the eye one of an\norange-colour : the upper parts of the plumage are reddifh\na brown: I I N .\nH.\nm-\nferown: the throat white: cheeks, and the reft of the undef\nparts, cinereous white: edge of the upper part of the wing pale\nyellow: legs flefh-colour.\nInhabits J'en/ylvania.\nFafciated Finch, Ara. ~Zool.\nPSOWN, hind part of the neck, and back, ruft-coloured,\nfpotted with black, the fpots largeft on the back: wings\n.plain ruft-^colour: primaries dufky, edged with dirty white:\nbinder parts of the body white, marked'with ftreaks of black,\npointing downwards-: tai. brown, crofTed with numerous dufky\n-bars.\nInhabits New York *.\n<5rafs Finch, Ar&. Zool. 34*\nGRASS F.\nTjEAD, upper part of the neck, and back, cinereous, ruft- D_6cri*t*o\u00C2\u00AB.\ncoloured, and black-: cheeks brown: leffer wing coverts\nfcright bay; the others black, edged with white : primaries\ndufky, with white edges : lower part .of the neck and fides\nwhite, marked with fmall-ftreaks : belly of a pure whiter tail\ndufky.\nInhabits New York, where it ftays all winter, and is known by Placsv\nthe name of Grafs-bird *.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Mr. Pennant.\nVol. IL\nN n 274\nCINEREOUS F.\nDescription..\nCinereous Finch, A>B. Zool.\nT> I LL long and dufky : head, and upper parts of the bodyy\ndeep cinereous brown, edged with obfcure ruft-colour : at\nthe corner of the upper mandible a light grey line : on the\ncheeks, beneath, a fecond band, bounded by a dufky one % throat\nof a light grey: under fide of the neck pale afh-colour, varied\nwith whitifh marks : legs dufky.\nInhabits Aoonalafhka. In the collection of Sir Jofeph Banks*\nNorton Finch, Ara. Zool.\nT_JEAD, upper part of the neck, and fecondaries, black,\nedged with bright bay; the middle order croffed with a\nwhite line i primaries dufky : belly and fides white : fides of the\nneck, and fore part, fpotted down the middle of each feather\nwith ruft-colour: tail dufky, edged with dirty white : along the\nmiddle of the outer feather a pure white line,, ending at the\ntip.\nInhabits Norton Sound*.\nWinter Finch, Ara. Zool^\nT-IE A D, neck, and breaft, light brown, mottled with black:\nfore part of the neck, breaft, and fides, white, marked with\nfmall brown fpots : belly plain white: wing coverts and primaries brown, edged with white.\nFound at New York, in the winter.\nLENGTH FINCH. _7S\n38.\nSTRIPED-\nHEADED F.\nT ENGTH five inches and a half. Bill lead-colour: between Description,\nthat and the eye, and the forehead, yellow: on the head\nthree black ftripes: behind the eye another: fides of the head\nwhitifh : chin white : all the upper parts like the Linnet in colour ; middle of each feather very dark : wing coverts and tail\nplain brown, and fomewhat cuneiform : quills dufky: the breaft\nblue grey : belly very pale : legs pale brown.\nOne of thefe was fhot at New York, in May. In the collection Place.\nof Major Davies.\nLe Bouvreuil violet de la Caroline, Brif. orn. iii. p. 324. N\u00C2\u00B0 8.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif. iv. 39-\nJ * * * J PURPLE F.\nP\u00C2\u00AB 395-\nPurpkEinch, Catefb. Car.i. pl. 41.\u00E2\u0080\u0094_4r IGGER than the Chaffinch : length fix. inches and a quarter.\nBill long in proportion to the bird, being three quarters of\nan inch in length; colour of it grey brown: the head and throat\nblack : round the neck a collar of chefnut: back, wing coverts,\nfeapulars, and rump, brown and yellow mixed: all the under\nparts orange yellow: quills brown,, edged with olive without;\nand with in,.for two-thirds from the bafe, fringed with yellow : the\nouter edges of the fecondaries are alfo fringed with yellow : tail\nolive; all the feathers, except the two middle ones, have the-\ninner webs fringed with, yellow : legs grey brown..\nInhabits Senegal; --. __*\nFringilla finica, Lin. Syft: i. p. 321. 2a.-\nLe. Pincon de la Chine, Brif. orn. iii. p.\nL'Olivette, Buf. oif. iv. p. 144.\n-Oft. Voy. ii. p. 329.\n75. 47.pl. 7. f,2..\nCrZ'E of a. Linnet r length five inches. Bill yellowifh : the\nupper parts of the body olive brown, with a tinge of rufous\non the wing coverts which are neareft the body, the back, and\nrump: round the bill;,the throat; and fore part of the neck,\nolive, green s the reft, of- the under parts rufous, tinged with\nyellow. \u00E2\u0096\u00A0ayt\nFIN\nH.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2yellow on the belly: under tail coverts, and under wing coverts,\nof a fine yellow : the greater wing coverts fartheft from the body\nblack: the quills are half yellow, half black, with the tips\nwhitifh: the tail a little forked; the colour black, but the bafe\nof the feathers yellow, which colour reaches fartheft on the\nfeather, as it is moft outward : legs yellowifh.\nThe female differs in that the colours are lefs vivid. This fpecies inhabits China.\nWHITE-\nCHEEKED F.\nIwP\nm,\nBLACK-\nHEADED F.\nCIZE of a Sparrow: length five inches three quarters.\" Bill\nhalf an inch; pale afh-colour : head, neck, and under parts,\nthe fame; marked on the upper parts and neck with dufky\nftreaks: under parts plain : back and wings pale rufous, with\ndufky ftreaks : fides of the head white : through the eye a reddifh\nftreak, bounded on the under part with black : on the under\njaw a ftreak of black, which joins the black .above the eye at the\nhinder part: tail dufky : legs black.\nInhabits the Cape of Good Hope, From a drawing in the poffef-\nfion of Sir Jofeph Banks.\nT ENGTH four inches. Bill red : back, wings, and tail,\nferruginous brown : head, and fore part of the neck, black :\nfides of the neck, and fides under the wings, a little ftreaked\nwith black : hind part of the neck and belly white : quills black :\nlegs lead-colour.\n'BROWN F.\n.Description.\nCOMEWHAT bigger than a Wren. Bill dufky : upper parts\nof the plumage brown; the feathers edged with dark brown :\nunder parts brownifh white : legs dufky.\nThis\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094 This and the laft were defcribed from Chinefe drawings, in trie\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 poffeflTon of Captain Broadley*\nLe Pincon de l'Ifle de S. Euftache, Brif. orn. iii. p. 177. 48.\nLe Pinfon jaune & rouge, Buf. oif. iv. p. 145.\nPaffer Africanus eximius, Seba, vol. ii. p. 67. pl. 65. f. 6.\nCIZE of a Chaffinch: length five inches and a. half. Bi\nred-: the head,: neck, and upper parts, of a fine yellow : c\neach fide of the head, under the eye, is a fpot of blue : ,tl\nbreaft and under parts are orange : wings, tail, and legs, red-\nInhabits the ifle of St. Euftatuu .\nLe Pincon varie de la N. Efpagne, Brif. 0.\nLe Tbuite, Buf. of. iv. p. 146.\n. p. 178. 49..\n48.\nVARIEGATED\nC IZ E of the laft : length Eve inches three quarters. Bill\nyellowifh: the head of a. pale red, mixed with purple: the\nbreaft pale yellow,, fhaded with deeper: the body covered with\nfeathers, variegated and as it were marbled with red, yellow,,\nblue, and white: quills and tail variegated like the back : the\ntail is likewife margined with white at the tip : the legs are\nred.\nInhabits New Spain, where it is known by the name of\nTuite.\nDescription.-\nFringillai I N\n49- Fringilla crifpa, L,\nFRIZZLED F.\nLe Pincon frife, Brif. orn. App.\nBlack and Yellow frizzled Spar\n-Buf. oif. i\nlw.pl. 271.\n,-p. 148. pl. 7. f. IN\nCIZE of a Chaffinch. Bill white : the head and neck black * -\nthe upper parts of the body, wings, and tail, deep olive; the\nunder parts yellow- legs brown : the feathers of the body all\nfrizzled, as is fometimes feen in one of our breeds of poultry.\nThis fpecies inhabits Angola or BrafiL The Portuguefe call\nit Beco de Prata. As we know it not except through Portugal,\nits native place is not certain.\nLe Pincon a. Collier des Indes, Brif. om. App. p. 85. 73.\n a double Collier, Buf. oif. br. p. 149.\nCollared Finch, Edw. pl. 272.\nCIZE of the Chaffinch. Bill and head black : round the\nbill and eyes, and the throat, white, paffing round the neck\nas a collar : on the lower part of the neck before, a black bar:\nthe reft of the under parts are rufous white: the upper parts I\ncinereous brown, paleft on the rump : the wing coverts are\nblack, fringed with gloffy rufous : the fecondaries the fame :\ngreater quills black: tail and legs c_flereo_~t brbwcu -\nInhabits India.\n* In the PL enlum. is a ftreak of- white from the forehead to the crown; a\ncurved patch of white beneath the eye ; and a fpot of white on the wings.\nFringilla | .Fringilla carduelis, Lin. Syft.i. p. 318. 7.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Faun. Suec. 236.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Scop, a\nN\u00C2\u00B0 211.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Brun. N\u00C2\u00B0 257, 258.\u00E2\u0080\u0094AW.*/, p. 365. 1.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Frifch. pl,\n0//\u00C2\u00BB. \u00C2\u00BBr. pl. in p. 10.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Muller, ^258.\nLe Chardonneret, Brif. orn. iii. p. 53,\nPl.enl.pl iv. f. 1.\nGoldfinch, or Thiftlefinch.^a// Syn. p. t\nAlbin. i. pl. 64.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Br. Zool. i. N\u00C2\u00AB\nBr. Muf Le\n(-GOLDFINCH.\n1.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif. iv. p. 187, pl. 10\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n1. A. 1.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will. om. p. 256. pl. 46.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n124.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ara. Zool.\n: Muf.\nfT\" H E bill of this beautiful bird is white, tipped with black; *\nthe bafe furrounded with a ring of rich fcarlet feathers :\nfrom the corner of the mouth is a black line : cheeks white :\ntop of the head black: the white on the cheeks bounded almoft\nto the fore part of the neck with black: the hind head white :\nback, rump, and breaft, pale tawny brown; the two laft lighteft :\nbelly white: wing coverts in the male black : quills black,\nmarked in their middle with a beautiful yellow; the tips white :\ntail black, but moft of the feathers are marked near their ends\nwith a white fpot: legs white.\nThe female differs: in her the feathers at the end of the bill\nare brown; in the male black: leffer wing coverts brown : and\nthe black and yellow on the wings lefs brilliant.\nThe young bird is grey on the head, and by the bird-catchers\nis called a Grey-pate.\nThis is Mr. Pennant's defcription, which is more than fuffi-\ncient to define a bird fo well known. It is much efteemed for its\nfine note *, as well as great tamenefs and docility.\n* The Goldfinches of Kent faid to fing beft. Barrington.\nVol. II. O o It _8_\nI N\nH.\nIt makes a curious and well-conftructed neft, of fine mofs, liverworts, thifile-down, &c. lining it firft with wool and hair, and the\u00C2\u00BB\nwith the down or gofim of the Sallow. The eggs are five in\nnumber; white, marked with deep purple fpots at the larger\nend. It has two broods in a year. Often builds in orchards, in\nthe fruit-trees.\nThe food of the Goldfinch confifts of feeds of feveral kinds,\nbut is fuppofed to prefer thofe of the Thiftle; and about the places\nwhere they grow are to be met with frequently. In winter they*\naffemble in pretty large flocks. Are kept often in cages, and\nwill feed freely on Hemp-feed *. Said to be a long-lived bird,\nliving above twenty years |.\nThis fpecies is plenty throughout Europe; and met with\nboth in Africa J and Afia \, but lefs common.\nLe Chardonneret a t>\nN\u00C2\u00B0 2 Will. <\ne blanche, Brif. om\nu p. 257. Var. 2.\nBuf. of. i\nrP LI I S is like the common one, except the fore part of the\nhead, which is red, and abowt the eyes white.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 But this is feid to make them grow hlack. I few this once verified ; in\nwhich inflance the bird loft almoft the yellow as well as the red colour, only, the\nmere traces of them remaining.\nf Gefner.\nt Dr. Forfter met with it in Madeira. See Voy. p. 26.\nU At Aleppo, Ruff. Alep. p. 70.\u00E2\u0080\u0094I have alfo feen it more than once jn\nChinefe drawings, though this circumftance will not perhaps prove it to be other-\nwife than a caged bird. Le Chardonneret a teterayee, Brif. orn. iii. p. 58. B.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. of.iv. p. 3.\nGoldfinch, Brown. Jam. p. 468.\n'TpH I S variety has the head ftriped alternately with red and\nyellow.\nLe Chardonneret a tete noire, Brif om, iii. p. 58. C.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. eif. iv. p. 203.\nN\u00C2\u00BB 4.\nSwallow Goldfinch, Albin. pl. 70. a. *\n*TPHE bill in this is flefh-coloured: irides yellowifh: the Description.\nhead, throat, and neck, are black, fpotted with red near\nthe bill: the breaft, back, feapulars, and rump, yellowifh brown:\nbelly, fides, thighs, and under tail coverts, white: the reft as\nin common: the legs flefh-colour.\nLe Chardonneret blanchatre, Brif om. iii. p. 59. D.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif. iii. p. 204. ^*'n\nI N\u00C2\u00BB 5i\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will. ern. p. 257. Var. 4. Var\" D\u00C2\u00B0\nnp HIS bird is red on the forehead., cheeks, and throatj the Description*\nother parts whitifh, except the wings and tail, which are\nbrownifh afh-colour : and that part of the wings which in common is yellow, in this was of a dingy hue.\nLe Chardonneret blanc, Er$i orn. iii-. p. 60. E. pl. 4. f. 4.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. of. iv 51.\np. 204. N\u00C2\u00B0 6.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 4. f. 2.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will. orn. p. 257. N\u00C2\u00B0 3. Var- &\nLev. Muf.\n*\"p H I S is wholly white, except the outer edge of the quills, Description.\nwhich are yellow : a little mixture of the fame on the Wing\n* Said to be a mixed breed with a Lark.\nO o 2 coverts t 384\nI N\nH.\ncoverts : the ends of fome of the quills half black, and tipped\nwith white : legs white.\n. That in the Leverian Mufeum has the parts which are ufually\nred, of a very pale red, a little gloffy. Briffon alfo fays he ha3\nfeen birds of this fort.\nBuffon mentions one with a black head : the red parts very\npale: the under parts greyifh white : the wing coverts pale olive :.\nthe yellow of the wings as ufual: wings, and tail, white: bill,\nand legs, reddifh white.\nThis was caught at large.\nThere is one alfo in the Leverian Mufeum wholly white; and\nanother all white, except the crown of the head, which is mottled\nwith red, and a. crefcent of the fame under the throat : the\nwings yellowifh.\nLe Chardonneret noir, Brif om. iii. p. 60. F. pl. 4.. f. 5, \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Buf. oif iv..\np. 205. N\u00C2\u00B0 7.\nLev. Muf.\nZ^1 ENER AL colour black, except four of the middle quills,\nviz. from the fourth to the feventh, brimftone-coloured on.\nthe outer edge, and white within, from the bafe to the middle:\nbill, and legs,, whitifh.\nGoldfinches entirely black are not uncommon; fome have the\nappearance of red about' the head, others not. Of the firft of\nthefe is one in my collection, which had been a caged bird, and\ngradually became of that colour *.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 This had hemp-feed for its ufual food. Buffon mentions one that changed,\nblack all at once, after being four years in a cage. It kept fo for eight months,\nwhen FINCH.\np.6i. G. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Buf. oif.\nLe Chardonneret noir a tete jaune, Brif o\np. 207. N\u00C2\u00B0 8.\nCardueli congener, Raii Syn. p. 90. 2.\nA bird of kin to the Goldfinch, Will. orn. p.\nT? AT HER bigger than a Goldfinch. The bill furrounded Besc\nwith a faffron-coloured ring : the reft of the head, and upper parts, blackifh : breaft greenifh black: belly, and under\nparts, brownifh afh-colour: edge of the wing greenifh black:\nquills black, with more white than common in them : the ufual\nyellow parts merely yellowifh : quills black.\nThis is, without doubt, a mere variety of the Goldfinch,\nfufpecls the * fame.\nLe Chardonneret mulet, Brif orn. iii. p. 62. H.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 metis, Buf. of, iv. p. 207.\nCanary Goldfinch, Albin. iii. pl. 70. /?.\nLev. Muf.\n'\"PHIS is rather larger than the common: the head is not un- Description.\nlike that bird, but lefs bright : the upper parts of the body\nyellowifh brown ; the under parts yellow : wings like the Goldfinch : tail yellow, tipped with black.\nThis arofe from the two mixtures mentioned by Albin.\nwhen it began to refume its former colours; and this circumftance happened\nthree times An eleftrified Goldfinch loft the red of the head, and yellow on\nthe wings, fix months after. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Hifl. des oif. from Klein.\n* Forte fpurium aliquod genus eft.\nFringilla^ GREEN^GOLD-\nFINCH.\nI N\nFringilla melba, Lin, Syft. i. p. 319. 8.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ofteck Voy. ii. p. _%$.\nLe Chardonneret verd, Brif. orn. App. p. 70.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 , ou le Maracaxao, Buf. oif, iv. p. 211.\nGreen Goldfinch, Edw. pl. 272. {the male.) 128. {the.female).\nCIZE of our Goldfinch. Bill flefh-coloured : the fore part of\nthe head, and throat, of a bright red: between the bill and\neye blueifh afh-colour: the upper parts of the bird are yellowifh\ngreen : the wing coverts, and fecondaries, greenifh, with red margins: quills dufky: the breaft is olive green, changing into\nwhite on the belly and under the tail; all beneath variegated\nwith broken dufky tranfverfe lines : the rump, and tail, bright\nred ; the laft even at the end t legs pale browm\nThe female has a pale yellow bill: top of the head, and neck,\nafh-colour: bafe of the wings, and rump, yellowifh green, inftead\nof red: the tail browri, edged with dull red. In other things not\nunlike the male, having the red face, as in that fex.\nThis is faid to inhabit China * and Brafil f.\nRed-faced Fincti, Brown's 111. pl. 25.\nT ENGTH near fix inches. General colour of the plumage'\ndeep dull green : cheeks tinged with crimfon : prime quills\ndufky, with dull orange edges : tail dull crimfon : legs yellowifh.\nInhabits Angola.\nf Edwards.\nSIZ& ^asrrvt 5? _87\nPARROT F.\nPl. XLVIII.\nCIZ E of the Waxbill, or lefs. The bill black : face, to behind\nthe eye, and the throat, deep fcarlet: the rump, and tail, the\nfame : reft of the body parrot green, lighteft beneath : the wings,\nwhen folded, reach the bafe of the tail: the outer edge of the\nquills is green ; the inner cinereous brown : the tail cuneiform ;\nthe two middle feathers deep fcarlet, with the fhafts brown; the\nother five, on each fide, have only the outer web fcarlet, the inner\nbrown.\nThis is a moft beautiful fpecies, and was fhot by Dr. J. R.\nForfter, at New Caledonia.\nRed-headed Finch, Brown's Muft, pl. 28.\nT ENGTH near five inches. Bill black: head, and neck,\nrich fcarlet: fpace round the eyes black.: back, breaft, and\nbelly, olive: wings black, with two bars of white on the coverts:\ntail black : legs reddifh grey.\nInhabits the ifland of Mauritius.\nRED-BEADED\nF .\nFrifigata l-hmfis, Lin. Syft. i. p. 318. t..\u00E2\u0080\u0094Fau\u00C2\u00BB. Sttee. 134.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Muller, N\u00C2\u00B0 257.\nLe Chardonneret de Suede, Brif. orn. iii. p. 63. 2.\n._______.. a \nSISKIN. Acatechili, Buf of. iv. p. 234.\nAcatechichictli, Raii Syn. p. 90. 3..\nDescription.. CIZE of our Sifkin. The upper parts greenifh brown; the*\nunder, yellowifh white : quills, and tail, like the back.\nPlace.. This inhabits Mexico, where it is called Acatechichiflli. It has,\nthe famemanners, and lives on the like food, as our Sifkin.\n60.\nBLACK MEXT-\nCAN SISKIN.\nLe Tarih noir du Mex\nLeCatotol, Buf. oif ii\nCIZE of our Sifkin. The upper parts variegated with yellow and blackifh.; the under, white: legaafh-colour.\nInhabits the plains of Mexico, and is faid to fing agreeably. It.\nfeeds on the feeds of a tree called Hoauhtlh. F I N\na93\nLe Tarrain de la Chine, Son. Voy. Ind. vol. ii. p. 202.\nT ESS than the Sparrow. Bill black : the head is black :\nhind part of the neck, and back, olive green : the fore part,\nbelly, and vent, yellow : wing coverts the feme; the leffer croffed\nwith two black bands, the larger tipped with a fpot of black.--\nthe quills are black, but the greater ones are yellow halfway from the bafe: tail half black half yellow, like the quills :\nlegs black.\nInhabits China*\nCHINESE\nSISKIN.\nDescription.\nFringilla Canaria, Lin. Syft'. i. p. 321. 23. \u00E2\u0080\u0094t\npl. 12. feveral varieties.\nLe Serin des Canaries, Brif. om. iii. p. 1-84. _2.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oifiv. p. i.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl.\npl. in p. 7. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Frifch. 62.\n+. CANARY F;.\nPaffer Canarienfis, Raii Syn. p. 91. 6.\nCanary Bird, Will. om. 262. pl. 46.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Albin. i. pl. 65.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nC^ EN ERAL fize that of the Hedge Sparrow, and the length\nfrom five to five inches and a half. The bill is whitifh, or\npale flefh-colour: colour of the plumage yellow, more or lefs\nmixed with grey : the tail a little forked : the legs pale.\nThe colour of thefe birds in a ftate of nature is.chiefly grey**\nbut breaks out into the. greateft variety imaginable, from ar-\n* The Canary-bird, which grows white in France, is in the ifland of Teneriffe-\nalmoft as grey as a Linnet.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Adanfi Voy. p. 20.\ntificial trifacial management, in the fame manner as our common\npoultry *.\nThey inhabit, in a wild ftate, the Canary Iflands chiefly, as\nwell as fome others; as Palma, Cape Verd f, Fayal J, Madeira ||;\nand are faid to frequent watery places.\nOur plan will not allow the taking notice, even in brief, of\nthe various methods of rearing thefe birds. This can be fhewn\nonly in authors whofe writings are more diffufe; as thofe of\nBuffon, who allows above fifty pages on this bird alone; all of\nwhich may be read with pleafure and inftruclion. Willughby has\ntreated lightly on the fame fubject; as has Albin, in his Hiftory of\nSinging Birds; and others. We will therefore wave the matter,\nfurther than to obferve, that this bird breeds freely with our two\nnext fpecies, both feemingly congenerous birds ; the firft found\nin Italy, Greece, Turkey, Auftria, and Provence; the Other met\nwith in the laft-named place, Dauphiny, Lyons, Bugey, Geneva,\nSwitzerland, Germany, Spain, and Italy.\nThe Canary-bird will alfo prove fertile with the Sifkin and\nGoldfinch; but in this cafe the produce, for the moft part, proves\nfieri le: the pairs fucceed beft when the hen -bird is the Ca-\n* Twenty-nine varieties are mentioned by name in the Hifl, des oif p. ior.\nand, from what I can learn, many more are reckoned by fanciers in thefe birds. .\nt Hifl. des oif. vol. v. 4. p. 35. 45.\u00E2\u0080\u0094If this bird be the Serinus oi Kolben, it is\nalfo found at the Cape of Good Hope. This is faid to be of a yellowifh green*\nmixed with grey on the backy\u00C2\u00ABtod te--fing like a Canary-bird.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Kolb. Cape,\nvol. ii. p. 156. I have feen the yellow fort, mixed with both brownifh grey\nand greenifh, in Chinefe drawings, frequently; but whether caged birds or not\ncould not be-eeWaitift* f:t\nJ Forft. Voy. ii. p. 590. ' || Forft. Obf. p. 26.\n9 nary, I N\nH.\nnary, and the cock of the oppofite fpecies *. It will alfo prove\nprolific with the Linnet, Yellow-hammer, Chaffinch, and even the\nHoufe Sparrow f; but the male Canary-bird will not affimilate\nwith the female of thefe birds; the hen muft be ever of the\nCanary fpecies, and the young of thefe moftly prove mule birds.\nAs to the fong, fo highly prized by many, it is alfo needlefs-\nhere to dwell upon. Whoever may wifh to read what is faid on\nthe fubject of this or other finging birds, need only conflilt a\nwell-written treatife by our friend the Plon. Daines Barrington\,\non this fubject.\nThis bird is faid by fome to live ten or fifteen years || ; by\nothers, as far as eighteen \u00C2\u00A7^ One of them, now alive, has already\nbeen in the poffeffion of a friend of mine thirteen years.\n*9$\n* When a male Canary-bird is matched to the hen Go'dftnch, or Sifkin, it is\nnot without certain precautions, and great attention, that a brood will follow.\nOn the contrary, when the male of either of the two lafi-mentioned birds is\nmade ufe of, the fuccefs is almoft certain.\nf A female Canary-bird of the grey kind, which efcaped from a cage, has\nbeen known to pair with a Houfe Sparrow, and to bring a brood in a bird-pot\nplaced againft an houfe. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Hifl. des oif. iv. p. 11. note (p) -A few Canary-\nbirds that have efcaped from an aviary, feem to have bred; as fuch are fre\u00C2\u00BB\n\"quently feen, with other fmall birds, in the hedges at Puddington, in Bedfordfhire.\n See Bibl. Typogr. Brit. N\u00C2\u00B0 8. p. 13. art. 35. The circumftance alfo has\noccurred of the Canary-bird breeding with the Vengoline.\u00E2\u0080\u0094See Barrington on\nSinging Birds. Phil. Tranf vol. lxiii. 1773. Br, Zool. ii. p. 666.\n\ See Phil. Tranf. vol. lxiii. or Br. Zool. vol. ii. App. N\u00C2\u00B0 5.\nH Qlina. \u00C2\u00A7 Salerne. _9* F I N C H.\n62.\nVar. A.\nMOSAMBIQUE Serins de Mozambique, PL enl. 364. f. 1\nDes.cr\n'T'HiS fpecies is very little lefs than the Canary-bird: in\nlength four inches and a half. The bill, and legs, pale :\nthe upper parts brown : the feathers of the wings, and tail, edged\nwith pale : the under parts, and rump, yellow : over, and between\nthe bill and eye, yellow; under the eye a ftreak of the fame.\nThe male and female much alike.\nFor thefe birds we are indebted to Buffon, who fays they were\nbrought from Mozambique, on the eaftern coaft of Africa. And\nthis again reminds us of that mentioned by Kolben, in his Hiftory\nof the Cape of Good Hope *, which may not be far different from\nthis fpecies ; and I the rather think this, as I have fuch an one in\nmy collection from the Cape, which came into my hands under\nthe name of Caps Canary Bird.\nPringilla ferinus, Lin. Syft. i. p. _zo. 17.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Kram. el. p. 368. 7.\nSERIN F. Loxia ferinus, Scop. ann. i. N\u00C2\u00B0 205.\nLe Serin, Brif orn. iii. p. 179. 50.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 658. f. I.\n.Serinus, Raii Syn. p. 92. 8.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will. om. p. 265. pl. 46.\nLev. Muf.\nDescription. CIZE of the fmall Linnet: length near four inches and a half.\nThe upper mandible grey brown, the under whitifh : the\nplumage on the upper part of the body brown, mixed with yellowifh green : beneath, of a greenifh yellow, marked on the fides\n63-\n* Vol. ii. p. 156.' I N\nH.\nwith longitudinal fpots of brown : on the wings a greenifh band :\nthe quills, and tail, brown, margined with greenifh grey,, the laft\nfomewhat forked in fhape : legs brown.\nThis fpecies inhabits Italy, Auftria *, Stiria, and is not uncommon in the fouthern provinces of France.\nScopoti obferves that it is gregarious in fpring, and frequents\norchards; is fond of cabbage and hemp-feed; frequently takes\nfudden flights upwards, and, after fluttering in the air for a little\nwhile, and warbling at the fame time, alights with expanded\nwings nearly on the fame fpot from whence it arofe.\nFringilla Citrinella, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 320. \6.\nVerzellino, Olin. uc. pl. in p. 15.\nLe Serin d'ltalie, Brif. orn. iii. p. 182. 51.\nLe Venturon de Provence, Pl. enl. 658. f. 2.\nCitril of Vienna, Raii Syn. p. 92. 7, \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Will. cm. 2S5. pl. 46.\u00E2\u0080\u0094. Ruff. Alep.\np. 6S.\nrjP H I S is rather larger than the laft bird. The bill is brown ::\nthe plumage on the upper parts yellowifh green, fpotted\nwith brown : the under, and rump, greenifh yellow : the breaft\nof the male much inclined to yellow: the leffer wing coverts\ngreenifh, the greater dufky, edged with green : the quills much\nthe fame; as are the feathers of the tail, which is a little forked\nin fhape: the legs flefh-colour.\nThis fpecies is common in the fouthern provinces of France,\n.and about Rome, It is- found alfo in Greece, Turkey, and other\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Called at Vienna, Hirngryll.\nVol., Hr Q__q neighbouring N\nH.\nneighbouring parts'*. Both this and the laft are remarkable for\ntheir fong, which is faid to be as fine as that of the Canary-bird,\nto which both, thefe feem to have great affinity.\nm\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0*- SAFFRON-\nFRONTED F.\n;Fringilla flaveola, Lin. Syft. i. p. 321, 2\u00C2\u00B1.\n>Lev. Muf.\niOIZE of a Canary-bird: general colour yellow. Bill convex,\nof a pale colour, with a brown tip : the forehead faffron-\n,-colour: the back inclines to green : quills and tail edged with\n-yellow; the laft forked : legs pale.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0Linnaus fays, this was in the Mufeum of M. de Geer; but from\nwhence it came unknown.\nI find it likewife in the Leverian Mufeum, but without any\n;hiftory annexed.\nI fufpecl that it is a mongrel bird, as one in my collection,\n..anfwering this very defcription, was given to me as the produce\nof a Canary-bird .with a Goldfinch.\nAUTUMNAL F.\nDescription.\njPlacb.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2Fringilla autumnalis, Lin. Syft. i. p. 320. .i\u00C2\u00A3.\nHP HIS is faid to be of a greenifh colour : the top of the head\n: ferruginous: vent teftaceousi And -the tail even at the\nend.\ninhabits Surinam.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0* 130.\u00E2\u0080\u0094ArB. Zool.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf\nBuf. oif. iv. p..5-8. pi. 1.-\nuc. pl. in p. 45.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0Will, orn, p, 258. pl. 46.-\n*Tp HIS bird is well known : the length of it five inches and a\nhalf. The bill grey, with a brown tip, and inclines to blue\nin the fpring : the irides hazel: the plumage on the upper parts\ndark reddifh brown; the margins of the feathers pale: the head\nfeathers are very dark, with cinereous edges; and the fides of the.\nneck of this laft colour: on the throat a line of brown, bounded-\non each fide with white: the under parts of the body dirty\nreddifh white; the breaft is deeper than the reft, and in fpring -\nbecomes of a beautiful crimfon: the fides fpotted with brown::\non the wings is a longitudinal white mark: the quills are dufky:\nthe tail brown, edged with white, except the two middle feathers,,\nwhich have reddifh margins; the fhape of it a little forked : legs\nbrown.\nThe females and young birds want the red fpot on the breaft,\nbut inftead of it have fhort perpendicular ftreaks of brown in the\nfame place : the female has alfo lefs white in the wings than the-\n7 male,. N\nH.\n#nale, and the colours in general lefs bright. What has been\n;faid concerning the red on the breaft, however, only holds good\niof the bird in a natural ftate, as the moft beautiful breafted.0ale\nifoon lofes the crimfon when confined in a cage; nor does it regain it even in fpring, during its ftate of confinement. It is faid\n;to live fourteen years, or more *.\nThis bird is fufficiently common in England, and breeds on\nlow fhrubs, black and white thorn, and furze. The outfide of the\nneft is compofed of dried herbs, grafs, and mofs, and lined with\nwool, or hair. The female lays as far as five white eggs, fpotted\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2with reddifh brown at the large end. Buffon talks of having nefts\nbrought to him in May, July, and September; but whether they\nbreed more than twice in a year, in England, is not certain. They\n:are frequently found in flocks, during the winter; and feed on\nmany kinds of feeds, and are faid to be fond of flax-feed (Linum)\n'whence perhaps their name : are found throughout France, Italy,\n^Germany, the fouth of Ruffia, and many other parts of Europe;\nand it is not improbable but that it is alfo met -with at the Cape\ntf Good Hope f.\nThere are only two varieties mentioned of this bird J. The\none white; the quills and tail black, edged with white, as in the\n^common.\n* Willughby.\u00E2\u0080\u0094As far as eighteen. Sakrne.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0}\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 I fay this on theFujjpofition of its being the JEgithus of Ariftotle, as Belon\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2thinks. Kolben mentions one, by name the Aigithus, as being common at the\n\u00C2\u00A3ap&, and a bird well'known in Europe, but does not defcribe it. He adds, that\nit is _1 enmity with affes, for deftroying the neft, which it conftantly builds upon\nthiftles. See Kolb. Cap, vol. ii. p. 156.\n% Hifl,.des of.\nThe N\nH.\nThe other, with a greenifh bill, the legs black, and a very\nforked tail: otherwife like the common Linnet.\nOne, wholly white, is alfo in- the Leverian Mufeum:\n4- GREATER\nREDPOLE.\nPlace and\nManners.\nFringillacannabina, Lin. Syft. i. p. _iz. 28.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Faun. Suec. 240.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Scop. ann. i.\nN\u00C2\u00B0 219.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Kram. el. p. _6%.%.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Brun. N\u00C2\u00B0 263.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Muller, N\u00C2\u00BB 261.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nFrifch. pl. 9. f.\" 1. 2.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Georgi Reife, p. 174.\nLa grande Linotte de Vignes, Brif. orn. iii. p. 135. 30.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif. iv. p. 58.-\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 485. f. 1..\nGreater Red-headed Linnet, Raii Syn. p. 91. A. 2.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will. om. p. 260.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nAlbin. iii. pl. 72. 73.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Br. Zool.i. N\u00C2\u00B0 131. pl. 55.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 ArB. Zool.\nBr. Muf Lev. Muf\n\"D ATHER lefs than the common Linnet, and about the Tarried:!\nlength. The bill is dufky : irides hazel: on the forehead\nis a blood-coloured fpot: the reft of the head and neck afh-\ncolour : the breaft tinged with a fine rofe-colour: back, wing\ncoverts, and feapulars, bright reddifh brown : the firft quill\nfeather black ; the exterior and interior edges of the eight following white, forming a bar of white on the wing: the fides are\nyellow: middle of the belly white.: tail a little forked, dufkyy\nedged with white : the legs brown.\nThe head of the female is afh-coloured, fpotted' with black:\nback and feapulars of a brownifh red : breaft and fides dirty yellow, ftreaked with dufky lines.\nThis bird is frequently met with in flocks on the fea-coafts, and\nin flight-time near London; and is alfo common on the continent\nof Europe, like the former, but found more northward than that\nbird, in which parts it breeds *.. It is likewife found in Ammc'ailM\n* I have been told that it chiefly breeds in the northern parts of England\nand Scotland, upon the mountains. Dr. Heyjbam- tells me that it breeds in. -\nCumberland.\nwhere* I I N\nH.\nwhere, I am told, it fhifts its quarters according to the feafon,\nand unites into flocks, in the fame manner as in Europe. I have\na fpecimen received from Hudson's Bay, which differs in being\nof a paler brown.\nFringilla linaria, Lin. Syft. i. p. 322. 29.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Faun. Suec. 241.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Faun. Green.\np. 121. 83.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Brun. N\u00C2\u00B0 264.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Muller, N\u00C2\u00B0 262.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Kram. el. p. 369. 9.\n, \u00E2\u0080\u0094Frifch. pl. IO.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Georgi Reife, p. 174.\nLa petite Linotte de Vignes, Brif. orn. iii. p. 138. 31.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 151. f. 2.\nLe Sizerin, Buf. oif. iv. p. 216.\nLeffer Red-headed Linnet, Raii Syn. p. 91. A. 3.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will. orn. p. 260. pl.\n46.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Alb. iii. pl. 75\u00E2\u0080\u0094Br. Zool. i. N\u00C2\u00B0 132. pl. 54\u00E2\u0080\u0094ArB. Zool.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nHP H IS is about half the fize of the laft, and is in length five\ninches. The bill is dufky : irides hazel: on the forehead is\na rich fpot of purplifh red : the breaft of the fame colour, but\nlefs bright: the back dufky, edged with reddifh brown : the\nfides yellowifh, or afh-colour, marked with narrow dufky lines :\nquills and tail dufky, edged with dirty white: on the wing coverts two whitifh bars : the legs dufky.\nThe female is lefs lively in colour; has no red on the breaft;\nand the fpot on the forehead is of a faffron-colour.\nThis fpecies is alfo common enough in England, but I am\nnot clear of its building very often in the fouthern parts *. A\nneft of this fpecies has been found on an alder flump, near a\nbrook, about two or three feet from the ground; the outfide\ncompofed of dried ftalks, and other plants, intermixed with\n\u00C2\u00BB It makes the neft in the mountains of Wales. Barringt. Mifc. p. 217.\nVol. II. R r wool,\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 LESSER RED-\nPOLE.\nPlace add\nManners. 3o6\nI\nI\nC\nm.\nwool, and lined with-hair and feathers. The eggs were four in-,\nnumber, of a pale blueifh- green, thickly fprinkled near the\nblunt end with fmall reddifh fpots. The bird was fo tenacious-\nof her neft, as to fuffer herfelf to be taken off by the hand, and.\nwhen releafed would not forfake it *.\nThis fpecies is known about London by the name of Stone-\n'Redpole.\nLinnaus, Kramer, and others,, mention its being very fond of\nthe feeds of Alder. This we have feen frequently ;. for whole-\nflocks of thefe birds,.mixed with the Sifkin, frequent many places-\nwhere Aljderpgrow, for the fake of picking the catkins; they generally liang like the Titmoufe,. with the back downwards; and'\nin this ftate are fo intent on their work, that they-may be entangled one after another by dozens, by means of a.twig fmeared,\nwith birdlime, fattened to the end of a fifhing-rod,, or other-\nlong pole.\nThis fpecies feems to be in plenty throughout Europe, from?\nthe extreme parts of Ruffia, on the one hand, to Italy on the\nother. Is very common in Grffflland, and was alfo met with by\nour late voyagers at Aoonalafhka\. In America it is likfWji-fer\nwell known.. Hence it feems to be a bird common to the whole:\nof the northern part, of the globe without .eagsgption.. fft$H|\nf Ellis's Voy. ii. p. iS.- m\nl_a Linotte de Montagne, Brif orn. iii. p. 145; 33.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif. iv. p, 74.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nFrifch. pl. 10.\nMountain Linnet, Raii Syn. p. 91. A. 4.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will. om. p. 261.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Br, Zeal.\nN\" 133. pl. 53.\nLev. Muf.\nCIZE of the common Linnet: length fix inches and a\nhalf*. Bill .pale : irides hazel: the feathers on the upper\n]part of the body dufky; thofe on the head edged with afh-colour,\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2the others with brownifh red : the rump pale crimfon : the under\nparts of the body pale-; thofe of the throat and breaft blackifh,\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2with pale edges.: wings and tail dufky': the tips of the greater\ncoverts and fecondaries whit-ifh : legs pale brown.\nThe female wants the red mark on the rump. In Mr. Pen-\nmant's bird there was a pale brown fpot above and beneath each\n=\u00C2\u00ABye ; and the -greater wing coverts_e-dged with white.\n76.\nMOUNTAIN\nLINNET.\n1 petite Linotte, ou le Cabaret, Brif. 01\np. 76.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 485. f. 2.\nwite, Albin. iii. ,pl. .74.\u00E2\u0080\u0094ArB. Zool.\n>Lev. Muf.\nm&j\n76.\nVar. A.\n. TWI fE.\n'\"'\"THE length of this bird is only four inches and a half. De\u00C2\u00A3\nBill yellowifh, with a brown tip : the top of the head, and\nrump, are both red : over the eyes a rufous band: -the upper\n.parts black, edged with rufous : the under rufous, fpotted with\n^blackifh on the throat: the belly white: the legs brown or black:\nthe claws long, efpecially the hinder one : between the bill and\neye a black brown fpot, and on the chin another.\nR r 2 3\u00C2\u00B03\nI N\nH.\nFemale. The female wants the red fpot on the rump. It is moft pro\nbable that this and the laft-defcribed are mere varieties of each\nother. Mr. Pennant feems of this opinion, by placing them as\none fpecies; and I fhould readily join him, did not Willughby\nexprefsly fay, that his Mountain Linnet is fix inches and a half, or\ntwo inches longer than the prefent fpecies. This, however, may\nbe a miftake, as the common Linnet is only five inches and a\nhalf. As to the prefence, or want, of the red on the head, which\nfeems to conftitute another effential difference, the time of the\nyear, age or fex of thebird, or other circumftances, may have\ngiven rife to a double defcription. We have feen one of thefe*,\nin which the forehead, rump, and breaft, were all of them\nred.\nTwites are taken in the flight-feafon near London, along with\nother Linnets. It is probable that the name has been taken from\ntheir twittering note, having no mufic in it; and indeed the bird-\ncatchers will tell at fome diftance whether there be any Twites\nmixed among Linnets, merely from this circumftance. The\nTwite is fuppofed to breed in the more northern parts of our\nifland.\nLa Linotte de Strafhourg, Brif. om. iii. p. 146. 34.\nSTRASBURG F. Le Gyntel de Strafburgh, Buf oif. iv. p. 73.\nDescription. CIZE of the common Linnet. The head and upper parts, as\nfar as the rump, brown : beneath, as far as the upper part of\nthe belly, and fides, rufous, fpotted with brown : the belly and\nvent whitifh: quills and tail brown: legs reddifh.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 In the Leverian Mufeum,\nInhabits Inhabits the environs of Strafbourg, where it is called Gyntel,\nIs faid to lay as far as four eggs.\nLa Linotte d'Angola, Brif. orn. Supp. .\nLa Vengoline, Buf. of. iv. p. 80.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 B,\nLinnets from Angola, Edw. pl. 129.\n, 81.71.\nZool. 8vo. vol. ii. App. p. 666.\nCIZE of our Linnet. The bill brown; the feathers round\nthe bafe black : the upper parts of the head, neck, and body,\nbrownifh afh-colour, each feather darker in the middle: round\nthe eyes, and on each fide of the throat, white : the under parts\nof a plain dull orange: the rump, and upper tail coverts, bright\nyellow : the greater wing coverts and quills brown, edged with\nyellow : tail the fame, edged with grey : legs flefh-colour.\nThe female has the upper parts rufous brown, each feather\ndarkeft in the middle : fides of the head pale rufous: near the\nbafe of the bill a brown mark, which paffes towards the hind\nhead : from the breaft to the vent pale rufous, fpotted with\nbrown : the reft partly like the male.\nThefe came from Angola, where the male bears the name of\nNegral, or Tobaque; the female, Benguelinha. Indeed their being\nof oppofite fexes is not certain: Mr. Edwards only fuppofes It;\nand it is probable, that, as they are both faid to fing well, they\nmay have been males of two different fpecies, as females in general feldom have a fine fong. The laft-named bird is moft\nlikely the Vengoline, mentioned by the Hon. D. Barrington *,\nwhich he fays fings better than any bird that is not European,\nexcept the American Mocking Bird.\n* See his Experiments and Obfervations on the finging of birds. Phil. Tranf. i n c m\nLa Linott\ne brune, Buf. oif. i\nDufky Lir\nnet, Edw. pl. 270.\nLONG-TAILED\nF.\nT ENGTH four inches, IBffiam-cdlour: general cofouf^ef\nthe plumage dufky brown or blackifh, inclining to afh-\ncolour on the breaft and rump: all the feathers have the tips of\na lighter colour: the legs are dufky.\nThis is a native of Angola or Brafil, but which not certain.\nBriffon makes-thefe-two-the fame fpecies; Buffon is of a contrary\nfentiment. ,1 have not feen either, fo can form no opinion.\n.-'C'l Z E of a Linnet: length feven inches and a half. Bill\n; brown : the upper part of the plumage like that of a Sky- lark.;\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2the middle of each feather very dark : the under parts of the\nibody very pale afh-colour : tail long, very.cuneiform in fhape;\n-the two middle feathers narrow, and fharp at.the ends; thefe are\nof a greenifh brown ; all the others brown.: the quills are brown,\n>with greenifh margins : legs brown.\nFrom Cayenne. I few the above in a.collection of .birds fent\nfrom.that place.\n8K jFringillaBenghalus,\nBLUE-BELLIED \ 1 Angolenfis,\nSyft. i. p. 323- _-z. (the-male.-)\n!\u00E2\u0080\u0094 \u00E2\u0080\u0094\u00E2\u0080\u0094 31. (the female.)\np. 303. 60 pl. 10. f. .1.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf,..of. iv. p. 92.-\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0*\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Le Bengali, Brif. orn. i\nPL enl 115. f. i\nBlue-bellied Finch, Edw. .pl. ,1.31. (female.)\nLev. Muf.\nDescription. Q I Z E of the leffer Redpole : length9four Inches three quarters.\nBill dirty flefh-colour : Irides hazel: the head, and upper\nI parts I N\nIT.\n: of tl\nP.-\n_parts of phe body, grey : the lower part of the back and ri\nand all the under parts, blue : on each fide of the head is a\n\ curved purplifh red fpor,, placed beneath the eyes, and rather\nbehind them: the quills are brown,, edged with grey : the tail\npale blue,, and a little wedge-fhaped : the legs whitifh.\nThe female.is the fame in colour, but wants the red fpot beneath the eyes.\nSomefpecimens have the under parts of the fame colour as the-\nback, but paler; in others there is a tinge of red on the belly..\nEdwards's bird was of an afh-coloured brown above, and pale'\nblue on the under parts and tail, but had no red markunder the\neyes; and what he took for the femalewas cinereous brown, .and'\nhad only a light tinge of blue on the under parts of the body..\nThefe differences are all to be feen in a variety of fpecimens in\nthe Mufeum of Sir A. Lever-\nFringilla amandava; Lin. Syft. i. p. 319. 10'\nLe Bengali piquete, Brif om. iii. p. 206. 6:\n96. pl. 2. f. 1.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 115. f. 3..\nAvicula Amandavsea, Raii Syn. p. 92. 9.\nAmadavad Bird, Will. orn. p. 266. pl. 46.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Albin\n355- | \u00C2\u00BB\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf\npl. io..f. A.-Buf.of. iv. p...\n. pl. 77.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Edw. pl.\nCIZE of a Wren : length four inches. Bill of a dull' red :\nall the upper parts brown, with a mixture of red : the under\nthe fame,, but paler;, the middle of the belly darkeft: all the\nfeathers of the upper wing coverts, breaft, and fides, have a fpot\nof white at the tip: the quills are grey brown\u00E2\u0096\u00A0: tail black r legs\nj|aleuycllo\sdfh -white..- I\nThe\nDescriptio m\nmm\nN\nH.\nThe female differs in having a mixture of white on the throat\nand fore part of the neck ; and the belly of a pale yellow colour:\nbut in other things refembles the male.\nInhabits Bengal, Java, Malacca, and other parts of Afia.\nFringilla Amandava, Lin. i\nLe Bengalis brun, Brif. orn\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 115. f. z.\nfft. 1. p. 319. 10. 8.\niii. p. 205. 61, pl. 10. f. $.~\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. of. iv. p, I GGER than the.Houfe Sparrow : length four inches one-\nthird. The bill pale afh-colour : head and neck black; the\nblack ending in a point on the breaft: the breaft itfelf, and the\nreft of the under parts, white : thighs rufous.: upper parts of\nthe body chefnut: quills blackifh ; inner,part of the leffer .ones,\nand under the wings, chefnut: tail of this laft colour; and the\nfour .outer feathers marked with a longitudinal -blackifh fpot at\nthe tip : the fhape of the tail rather forked : legs brown.\nInhabits the Cape of Good Hope.\nFringilla Maia, Lin. Syft. i. p. 323. 35.\nLe Maia de la Cuba, Brif. em. iii. p. 2\nBuf. of. iv. p. 105. pl. 3.-/\nRaii Syn. p. 155.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will. orn. p. 3!\n. 66. pl. 7. f. 3. (the female,)\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nenl. 109. f. 2, (the female,)\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nT^ENQTH three inches three quarters. Bill grey : the\nhead, neck, and under parts of the body, blackifh 4 back,\nand upper parts, of a purplifh chefnut, brighteft on the rump:\nacrofs the breaft a purplifh chefnut band: tail of the fame colour : quills grey brown, edged with chefnut: legs lead-colour.\nS f 2 The 316\nF I N\nH.\nThe female differs : in her the bill is whitifh : head, neck, and\nupper parts, fulvous : throat purplifh chefnut: on each fide of\nthe breaft a fpot of the fame colour; the reft of the under parts\ndirty yellowifh white: quills and tail fulvous : legs and claws\ngrey.\nInhabits the ifland of Cuba, where the natives give it the\nname of Maia. It is likewife found in the Eaft Indies.\nIt is a gregarious bird: flies in innumerable flocks, and is\nvery hurtful to the i?^-fields, which it is a very great deftroyer\nof, and, in all probability, may be found wherever that grain is\ncultivated. The flefh is accounted good and wholefome.\n87.\n4- BRASILIAN\nDescription.\nFringilla granatina, Lin. Syft.i. p. 319. it.\"\nLe Grenadin, Brif. orn. iii. p. 216. 67. pl. 9, f. 3.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif iv. p. 169.\npl. 7. f. 1.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 109. f. 3.\nRed-and-blue Brafilian Finch, Edw. pl. 191.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Bancr. Guian. p. \%\i\nBr. Muf Lev. Muf.\nCIZE of the Sifkin: length four inches three quarters. Bill\nlike red coral: irides dark: eyelids fcarlet: fides of the\nhead, round the eye, bloffom-coloured violet: bafe of the bill\nabove, blue : throat, lower part of the belly, and thighs, black t\nthe reft of the head and body chefnut: the back and feapulars-\nincline to brown: the rump blue : the quills, are brown: tail\ncuneiform and black : the legs pale grey.\nThefe differ in colour: fome have a fpot of brown between the\nbill and eye; and the hinder parts of the body,, both above and\nbeneath,, violet \ others are of the fame colour on the lower belly\nand I N\nH.\nand thighs as on the upper parts *. In fome birds the tail is\nreddifh f.\nThe female has the red bill: a little purple under the eyes :\nthe top of the head fulvous : the back grey brown : throat, and\nunder parts, pale fulvous : the lower part of the belly and vent\nwhitifh : the reft much as in the male, but lefs bright.\nThis beautiful bird inhabits Brafil, has an agreeable fong,\nand is frequently kept in cages by all' the Europeans. It is a\nlively bird.\nCIZE fmall. The bill and head black: the whole body\nyellow, inclining to green on the back : the under parts\nwhite and dufky: quills and tail dufky;. the outer edges yellow.\nInhabits China and Ceylon J.\nD I Z E fmall. Bill black r head tawny : back green : breaft\nand belly yellowifh white : wings and tail dufky.\nIn China. I few this among fome Chinefe drawings. Perhaps\ni different fex of the laft, as both were on one paper.\n* Such an one is reprefented in. the Pl, enluminees. In fome the throat is\n\u00C2\u00A9f a greenifh brown.\nf Bancroft's bird was of this colour.\n% Mr. Pennant.\nBILL\nDescription. 89.\nBROWN-\nTHROATED F.\nINCH.\nDILL red : crown of the head.green: from the eyes aline of\nwhite, paffing backwards : throat pale brown beneath 9.\npatch of afh-colour; then a fpot of pale red: the back ferruginous : rump and vent green : Wings dufky: on the lower part\nof the quills a yellow fpot: . tailhalf yellow half black: legs\nyellow.\n\"From China.\nop, \"Fire Bird, Brown. 'Illuft. pl. z.\nFIRE' F. Lev. Muf.\n-Description. C J Z E pf the fmaller Redpole. Bill dufky; bafe yellowifh:'\nthe general colour of the plumage ,a gloffy.brownifh red;\nvvent rather darkeft: quills dufky: tail the \"fame, rather cunei-\n, form : legs pale flefh-colour.\n-/Femaik. The female is of a pale reddifh'brown: the forehead, and be\ntween the eyes, crimfon: tail reddifh ; fhaped likethat of the\nmale, with the end dufky.\n.Place. Thhabits Gapibia, in Africa.\nBLUE-FACED\nFringilla tricolor, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 323. .34.\nAmerican Sparrow of Seba, Bancroft. Guian. p. 182,\nrJT. H E forehead, temples, and throat, are blue: region of the\nnoftrils black : the back black : fhoulders green: under\nparts yellowifh white: quills black; jthe.primeones green on*the\nouter edge : tail black; even at the end.\nInhabits Surinam. Bancroft's bird had the breaft of a lively\nhliie.: the rump deep.green.: the wings and tail purplifh black.\nFringilla Rringilla cserulea, mento, gula, alarum bafi, dorfique parte ant\nN. C. Petr. xi. p. 434. pl. 15. f. 6.\nLe Demi-fin noir & bleu, Buf. oif. v. p. 327.\nCIZE of the greater Linnet. Bill brown : head and neck\nblue: between the eyes, acrofs the forehead, a narrow black\nline : chin and throat black : acrofs' the upper part of the back a\nfemicircle of black : wing.coverts, lower part of the backhand\nrump, blue: breaft, . belly, and vent, blue: quills blackifh\nbrown, edged with blue, appearing green, in fome lights :. tail\neven; brown hiack: legs brown.\nT ENGTH four inches. Bill red: crown of the head pale\nblue: hind part of the neck, throatj. -.breaft, and undertail\ncoverts, red : belly pale afh-colour: back, and leffer wing coverts, purplifh: greater coverts green: lower part of the back,\nand rump, yellow: quills and'tail blue : legs red.\nInhabits China. I faw- this among fome fine Chinefe drawings,\nin poffeffion of the late Dr. Father-gill.\nFringilla cyanocephala, Miller's Plates, N\u00C2\u00B0 24.V\nT ENGTH feven inches. Bill dufky: crown of the head\nblue, bounded behind with rede -round the eye white : hind\npart of the neck, and back, pale reddifh brown : lower part of\nthe back, and rump, pale blue : under parts of the body yellow :\nthighs and vent white: middle and greater coverts margined\nwith white : quills and tail.black: legs pale brown.\nInhabits 320\nF I N\nH.\nInhabits Senegal. The four laft feem much allied to each\nother; but as they differ in fome particulars, as well as inhabit\ndifferent regions, it is not fit that conjecture alone fhould place\nthem as varieties only.\nPlace.\n96.\nGREEN-\nRUMPED F.\nDescription.\nFringilla Torquata, Miller's Plates, N\u00C2\u00B0 50.\nT ENGTH fix inches and a half. Bill flender; dufky\nblack : head, neck, and back, reddifh ; the laft inclining to\nbrown : rump pale blue: acrofs the throat a narrow crefcent of\nblack, bounded below with yellow : quills black; the ends of\nthem blue, with a white fpot at the tip of each: tail and legs\nblack.\nInhabits the Eaft Indies.\n15 I LL blueifh : head, hind part of the neck, upper part of the\nback, and tail, black: cheeks, chin, and the reft of the\nunder parts, light yellow : vent yellow: wings black; on the\ncoverts a white fpot; the fecondaries croffed at the ends with\nwhite : lower part of the back, and thighs, green : legs grey.\nFrom Ceylon *.\nGlNVS [ 3\" 1\nGenus XXXVIII. FLYCATCHER,\n5 i. Spotted Fl.\nN\" i9,\n2. Pied Fl.\nVar. A.\nVar. B.\n20.\nVar. C.\n21.\n3. Cape Fl.\n22.\nVar. A.\n23\n4. Black and white Fl.\n24,\nVar. A.\n25\n5. Senegal Fl.\n26\nVar. A.\n_7\n6. Crefted D\u00C2\u00B0.\n28.\n7. Bourbon Fl.\n29.\n8. Collared Fl.\n3\u00C2\u00B0\n9. Black-fronted Fl.\nl|\n10. White-tailed Fl.\n32.\n11. Coromandel Fl.\n33-\n12. Spotted Yellow Fl.\n34.\n13. Afh-coloured Fl.\n35-\n14. Madagafcar Fl.\n36.\n15. Undulated Fl.\n37-\n16. Indian Fl.\n38.\n17. Rufous-vented Fl,\n39-\n18. Tufted Fl.\n40.\nVol. II.\nT t\nRed-vented Fl.\nVar. A. Yellow-vented\nFl.\nGuava Fl.\nYellow-breafted Fl.\nGreen Fl.\nWreathed Fl.\nGrey-necked Fl.\nYellow-necked Fl.\nFlammeous Fl.\nOrange-vented Fl.\nBlack Fl.\nPhilippine Fl.\nAzure Kl.\nBlue-headed Fl.\nYellow-throated FL\nFan-tailed El.-\nSupercilious Fl.\nOlive Fl.\nLuteous Fl.\nYellow-headed Fl.\nYellow-fronted Fl.\nNsevous Fl.\nRed-bellied Fl.\nN\u00C2\u00B04i. - 3\u00C2\u00AB 1\nf\u00C2\u00B04i\n. Sandwich Fl.\nN* 58.\nCayenne Fl,\n42.\nDufky Fl.\n\" 59-\nFork-tailed Fl.\n43'\n. Spotted-winged Fl.\n60.\nSwallow-tailed FL\n44.\nParadife Fl.\n61.\nCrefted Fl.\nVar. A.\n62.\nTyrant Fl,\nVar. B.\nVar. A.\nVar. C.\n%\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nLouifiane Fl.\n45-\nMutable FL\n64.\nYellow-crowned Fl,\nVar. A.\n6$.\nYellow-bellied Fl..\nVar. B.\n66.\nPetechial Fl.\n46.\nStriped Fl.\n67.\nStreaked FL\n47-\nCinereous Fl.\n68,.\nAdive Fl.\n48.\nChattering Fl.\n69.\nSurinam Fl\".\n49-\nDun.FL\n70.\nBrown Fl'.\n50,\nRed-faced Fl.\n7*\\nOrange-breafted Fl,\n51-\nRed-eyed Fl.\n72.\nRound-crefted FL\nVar. A.\n73-\nRufous Fl.\n52.\nMartinico Fl.\n74-\nRufous-bellied FL\nS3-\nBlack-capped FL\nIS-\nDwarf Fl.\n54-\nCat Fl.\n76.\nPetty Fl.\n55-\nCanada^Fl,\n77-.\nWhifkered Fl.\n56.\nCinnamon Fl.\n7s\"\nPurple-throated Fi.\n57-\nYellow-rumped Fl.\nB\nILL flatted at the bafe; almoft triangular; notched at the-\nend of the upper mandible, and befet with briftles.\nToes divided as far as their origin *.\n* Gen. of Birds. This character muft be difpenfed with in fome fpecies,.\nwhich, though true Flycatchers in every other particular, are more or lefs united:\nat the bafe, but never fb much as in the Tody genus.\n_ Mufcicapa. FLYCATCHER,\nMufcicapa Grifola, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 328. 20,\nCurruca fubfufca, Frifch. pl. 22.1\nLe Gobe-mouche, Brif. orn. ii. p. 357. 1. pl, 35. f. 3.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif. iv. p. 517.\npl.25. f. 2.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl.enl._6z. f. 1.\nGrifola, Raii Syn. p. 81. 7.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will. om. p. 211.\nStoparola Aldrov. ? Raii Syn, p. 77. A. 1.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Will. om. p. 217.\nCobweb, Morton Northampt. p. 426.\nSpotted Flycatcher, Br. Zool. i. N\u00C2\u00B0 134.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ara. Zool.\nCIZE of the White Throat > length near five inches and three\nquarters. Bill dufky, bafe of it whitifh, and befet with fhort\nbriftles : infide of the mouth yellow : the head large, brownifh,\nobfcurely fpotted with black : the back of a moufe-colour:\nwings, and tail, dufky; the firft edged with white: breaft, and\nbelly, white: throat, and fides under the wings, dafhed with red:\nlegs black. Male and female much alike.\nThis bird vifits us in the fpring, and departs in September.\nBuilds againft any part of a tree that will fupport it; often in the\nhollow caufed by the decay of fome large limb, hole in a\nwall, &c. alfo on old polls, and beams of barns; and is found\nto return to the fame place feafon after feafon. It is carelefs in\nthe placing the neft: makes it chiefly of mofs; often with a mixture of wool and fibres. Lays four or five pale eggs, marked\nwith reddifh.\nIt feeds on infects, and collects them on the wing. For this\npurpofe it fits on a branch, poft, &c. and, on one flying by,\nleaps after, and, having caught it, returns to the place it fprang\nfrom. This it may be feen to do many times together.\nThis fpecies frequents orchards where cherries grow, of which\nT t 2 they FLYCATCHER,\nthey are faid to be very great deftroyers. Hence, in Kent, are\nknown by the name of Cherry-fuckers.\nThey alfo frequent the warmer parts of the European continent. I believe found nowhere more northspard than in? our\nrealms. In the fouthern parts of Ruffia pretty common.\nA fmaller variety is found beyond Lake Baikal*.\nMufcicapa atricapilla, Lin. Syft. i. p. 236. 9. \u00E2\u0080\u0094Frifch. pl. 24. \u00E2\u0080\u0094Kram. el.\np. 377. 16.\nLe Traquet d'Angleterre, Brif. om. iii. p. 436. 27.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buf. oif. v. p. 222.\nColdfinch, Raii Syn. p. 77. A. c.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Will. orn. p. 2_6.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Edw. pl. 3a.\nPied Flycatcher, Br, Zool. i. N\u00C2\u00B0 i__.\u00E2\u0080\u0094ArB. Zool.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nCIZE of the Whin Chat: length four inches and three quarters. Bill black : irides hazel: the colours of the bird\nmerely black and white : the upper parts of the body, wings, and.\ntail, are black ; the firft of them inclined to dufky, and the forehead and under parts white; there is alfo a fpot of white on the\nwing, and the outer tail feather is white on the outer web, almoft\nto the end + : the upper tail coverts are black and white\nmixed J : the legs are black.\nThe female is brown where the rnah- is black. It wants the-\nwhite on the forehead ; and the under parts- are dufky white : the-\nwhite on the wings is alfo lefs pure..\n* Mr. Pennant.\nf Willughby's bird had two of the outer t.\nX In fome wholly black.\nil feathers white on the margins-\nThis FLYCATCHER.\nThis is indigenous to England, but I believe nowhere common. In moft plenty in Torkfhire, Lancafhire, and Derby-\nfhive,.\n3*5\nLe Gobe-mouche noir, Brif. e\nVar. A.\n''\"PHIS is above five inches and a half in length; and differs Description.\nfrom the laft in having a mixture of grey on the upper\nparts, the thighs mixed brown and white, and three of the\nouter tail feathers white on the margin.\nLe Gobe-mouche noir a Collier, Buf. oif. iv. p. 520. pl. 25. f. 1.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl, enl.\n565. f.2. 3.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Kramer el. p. 377. 16.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Frifch. pl. 24,\nHTHIS is like the firft; having only the outer tail feather\nwhite on the margin,' but differs in the white on the neck\npaffing quite round it, like a collar. Thefe varieties the lefs fur-\nprize us, when we are told that the bird varies in plumage in different feafons of the year *; the male only ^pofSelfirig the full\nblack during the fummer; after that, growing, by degrees, fo\nlike the female, as not to be known from her. Hence fuch va-\nMftgr; of defcription and fentiment concerning this bird.\nIt is met with in Lorraine and Brie, where it comes the middle\nof April. Builds in. fome hole of a tree,, not very near the\nground. The neft is only a few fibres, mixed with mofs, covering the bottom of the hole. The eggs fix in number. The food,\n\M&-fa*\u00C2\u00A3\nflies,- I\n3*\u00C2\u00AB\nFLYCATCHER.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2flies, and other infects ; in taking of which it has the addrefs of\n-the former.\nJt is found as far north as Sweden ; and in Ruffia, has been .obferved between'the river Kama and Samara *.\nI have alfo feen the bird among fome Chinefe drawings; inclining one to think it an inhabitant of China : but in this, the\nSpoX on the.forehead was very minute.\nv *\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 iMufcicapa variegata, Lin. Syft. i. p. 328. zi.\nVAR- Co ' Lev. Muf.\nXfEscRiPTios. CIZE of the White Wagtail. General colour brown : the\nforehead, fides of the head, and all the under parts, white:\nthere is alfo a line of white from the fhoulders to the middle of\nthe back : the tail feathers worn at the ends : the outer feathers\nwhite juft at the tip.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2Placis. Inhabits- India.\n;Mufcicapa torquata, Lin. Syft. i. p. 328, 17.\nLe.Gobe-mouche a Collier du C\u00C2\u00ABrp de Bonne Efperance, Brif.ern. ii. p. 379,\n12. pl, 36. f, 4\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 572. i*. 2.\nCIZE of the laft. The head, throat, back, wings, and tail,\nare black : fides of the neck white, paffing behind in a narrow collar: ;breaft rufous: belly, thighs, vent, and a large fpot in\nthe middle'of the wing, white : bill dufky : legs brown.\nInhabits the-Cape of Good Hope.\nMufcicapa F L Y C A T C H,. E R.\n327\nMufcicapa Capenfis, Lin. Syft. i. p. 327. 16.\nLe Gobe-mouche du Cap de Bonne Efperance, Brif 0,\nf. _.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 572. f. jr.\n.. p. 372. 9. pl. 36.\nrjTHE top of the head, andfides, in this bird are black : throat\nwhite, paffing almoft to the nape on each fide : the hind\npart of the neck, back, and rump,-are brown: the tail, and its\ncoverts, black; the feathers of the tail have white tips, and the\nouter feathers almoft wholly white on the outer web: wing co-\n- verts brown, acrofs them a rufous bar : quills dufky, edged witsh\nrufous grey : acrofs the breaft a broad band of black: the reft of\nthe under parts white : legs yellowifh brown.\nFound at the Cape of Good Hope with the laft:\nIh confidering what\" has been faid before concerning the\"\nchanges which happen in our Goldfinch, we readily join Buffon, in\nfuppofing the two laft to be male and female of the fame fpecies,\nor that they are very nearly allied to one.another.\nLe Gobe-mouche a ventre blanc de Cayenm\nSJ66. f. 3.\nBlack.and white Flycatcher, Edw. pl. 348.\nBuf. oif :\nBLACK AND\nWHITE EL.\nHP H E forehead, fides round the eyes, fore part of the neck,\nrump, and under parts-of the- body,. are white ; the reft of\nthe plumage black, except the baftard wing, which is white, and\na bar of the fame on the greater coverts : the tail is black, .but\nall the feathers are tipped with white..\nThis inhabits Cayenne.. FLYCATCH\nLe Gillit, ou Gobe-mouche pie de Cayenne, Buf. of. i\n'67S. f. i.\n. 542.-P/. enl.\nD_bscrxftiok. T ENGTH four inches and a half. The hind part of the\nhead and neck, the wings and tail, and rump, black: the\nreft of the bird white; and the edges of the fecondaries bordered\nwith white : bill and legs black.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2Female. The female is of an uniform grey colour.\nPlace. Thefe inhabit the moift meadows of Guiana, where it is called\n'Gillit. Very like the Pied Flycatcher.\n.SENEGAL FL.\nMufcieapa Senegalenfis, Lin, Syft. i. p. 237. 15.\nLe Gobe-mouche a poitrine rouffe du Senegal, Brif. orn. ii. p,\npl. 37. f. z.-Pl. enl. 567. f. 1.\nLe Gobe-mouche a bandeau blanc du Senegal, Buf. of. iv. p. 528.\nC I Z E of the Pettichaps : length four inches and a quarter.\nBill black, befet at the bafe with briftles : top of the head\nbrown : from the bill a ftreak of white paffes over the eye to the\nhind head : cheeks black : hind part of the neck, and throat, rufous white: back, rump, and feapulars, blackifh and grey, mixed\nwith a little white : upper tail coverts black : breaft pale rufous:\nfore part of the neck, belly, vent, and edge of the wing, white :\nthighs brown and white, mixed : acrofs the wing coverts a white\nbar : quills brown, edged with grey : tail black ; the four middle feathers plain; the next, on each fide, tipped with white;\nand the three outermoft are white on the outer edges and tips:\nlegs black,\nMufcieapa FLYCATCHER.\nMufcieapa Senegalenfis, Lin. Syft.i. p. 237. 15. B.\nLe Gobe-mouche a poitrine noire du Senegal, Brif. orn. S. p. 376. is.\npl. 37. f. _.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 567. f. 2.\nLe Gobe-mouche a bandeau blanc du Senegal, Buf. oif. iv. p. 528.\n-f\"lp HIS has the fame white ftreak over the eye as the former\nbird; and inftead of the rufous breaft, has a band of black\non the fame part: the upper parts of the plumage are black,\n^clouded with white; which in the other bird are only dufky and\ngrey : eight of the middle tail feathers in this bird are black; the\nlaft but one black tipped with white; and the outer one white on\nthe outer web and tip, otherwife black: legs black.\nThefe are found at Senegal, and fuppofed to be male and\n_female.\nXe Gobe-mouche hupe du Senegal, Brif. e\nBuf.oif.iv.p.Slo.-Pl.enl.S7_. f\n. p. 422. 33. pl. 39.\nCIZE of our Fellow Wagtail: length eight inches and a quarter. Bill deep afh-colour: the head, throat, and fore part of\nthe neck, are gloffy black* changing into green in fome lights j\nthe feathers of the crown long, forming a creft : the upper parts\nof the neck, wing coverts, feapulars, back, and rump, are chefnut : breaft, and under parts, deep afh-colour: greater coverts,\nand quills, brown, with chefnut edges : tail purplifh chefnut, four\ninches long, and greatly cuneiform in fhape: legs grey.\nInhabits Senegal,\nVol. II.\nU M 33\u00C2\u00B0\nFLYCATCHER.\nBOURBON FL.\nLe, Gobe-mouche hupe de L'Ifle de Bourbon, Brif orn. ii. p, 420.. 32.'-\npl. 39. f. S.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl.enh573. f. 1.\nT ESS than the laft: length five inches and a third. Bill\ngrey : head greenifh black, gloffed with violet: throat, and\nall the under parts, afh-colour:- baclc, leffer wing-coverts, and\ntail, pale chefnut; the fecond and third coverts are black; the \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nfirft tipped with rufous, the laft with white : quills black, edged .\nwith chefnut: the rump grey:-legs brown.\nInhabits the Ifte of Bourbon.\nBuffon fuppofes the poffibility of thefe being one and the fame\nfpecies-; but in this laft.the tail is of a moderate fize.,. whereas in\nthe firft it is half the length of the bird.\ni Gobe-mouche a. Collier du Senegal, Brif. or\nobe-mouche a Gorge brune-du Senegal, Buf.\n . rouffe,. PL enl. 567. f. 3.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2ii. p. 370. 8. pl.36.fi.\n;iv..p.533, .\nCIZE of the firft' fpecies : length four inches and -three\nquarters. Bill black: the head, and all above, to the rumpi\ndeep afh-colour: throat, and fore part of the neek, brownifh\nchefnut; the lower part of this is bounded by a tranfverfe black\nline : breaft and under parts white: thighs dufky and white\nmixed: wings black.; acrofs the coverts a white band: quills\nblack, edged with grey,: tail black; all but the two middle feathers tipped with white; the outer one white on the outer web :\nlegs cinereous: claws brown.\nInhabits Senegal.\nlev} FLYCATCHER.\ngIZE of the Coldfinch: length four inches and a half. Bill\ndufky: forehead, and fides of the head, black, ending in a\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2point behind each eye : the reft of the upper parts of the plu-\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 mage brown : the chin, and throat, yellow: belly olive brown :\ntail the fame, except the two middle feathers, which are plain\nbrown : legs black.\nT E NGTH four inches and a half. Bill black, befet with a\nfew hairs at the bafe: the.plumage above, cinereous grey;\nbeneath, white : the two middle tail feathers are black; the\nothers black-and white, divided obliquely; the outer feather\nnearly all white: legs black.\n-From the Cape of Good Hope.\n-In the collection of Sir Jofeph Banks.\nBLACK-\nFRONTED FL\nLe Gobe-mouches de PondicheTy, Son. Vey.Ind. vol. ii- p.igi\nA Little bigger than a Sparrow. Bill black: the head deep\ncinereous grey: over the eye a ftreak of white, paffing almoft to the hind head: the neck behind, the back, wings, and\ntail, like the head: the wing coverts tipped with a triangular\n-white fpot: all the tail feathers, except the two middle ones,\ngrey half-way \"frota'the bafe; the reft of their length whites as\nU u 2 are\nCOROMANDEL\nFL. 232 FLYCATCHER,\nare the fore parts of the neck,, breaft, and belly: the legs-\nblack.\nFlacr.. This inhabits the coaff of Coromandel.\nIts fong is very agreeable, and occafions-itto be called the:\nIndian Nightingale..\nI ENGTH eight inches. Bill fomewhat broad at the bafe,.\nflightly curved at the tip, and briftly at the gape: crown of\nthe head rufous,, ftreaked with black: wings, and tail, rufous;\nthe firft edged with dufky brown: quills dufky brown : the body\nof dirty pale yellow, marked on the upper parts and the neck,\nwith irregular dufky fpots; on the fides of the neck two or three-\ndufky blotches; and from the corners of the mouth a ftreak of\nthe fame : the under parts are marked with irregular fpots, for\nthe moft part placed tranfverfely, but in the thighs lengthwifeu\nlegs dufky afh-colour.\nFrom the Cape of Good Hop&.\nfcrr Le grand Gobe-mouche cendre de Madagafcar, Brify orn, ii.\nCOLOURED FL. P1- 3\u00C2\u00B0~- f- i.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 541.\nLe Kinki-manou de Madagafcar, Buf. of, iv. p. 584.\nCIZE of the Cinereous Shrike: length eight inches and a half,.\nBill black; the bafe furnifhed with black hairs: the head,,\nnape, and throat, blackifh afh-colour; the reft of the neck, and:\nupper parts, of a fine afh-colour : from the breaft to the vent the\nfame, but paler: vent white: quills dufky, with cinereous edges:\n7- tail FLYCATCHER.\ntoil black ; the two outer feathers pale afh-colour at the tips, and\nthe two middle ones wholly afh-colour, with blackifh ends.\nInhabits Madagafcar; and known there.by the name of Kinki-\nmanou.\nLe Grand Figuier de Madagafcar; Brif. om; iii. p. 482. N?46V pl. 24; f. $~\nLe Vira-omb&de-Madagafcar, Son. Voy, Ind. ii. p. 198.\nCIZE of a Lark : length feven inches and a half. Bill flout,\nand above one inch in length;., the upper mandible bent at the\ntip; colour brown : general colour of the plumage olive green,\npaleft beneath : throat yellow : on the fore part of the neckand\nbreaft a yellowifh tinge : legs grey.\nInhabits Madagafcar; where it is called TicJic.\nLe Gobe-mouche de L'Ifle de France, Bif.oif.iv. p. $27 i~\n\"T*HIS is rather lefs than the Goldfinch, and fhorter in the\nbody. The head blackifh brown t wings rufous brown : the\nre ft'of the plumage compofed of an irregular mixture of whitifh-\nand brown, in fhape of waves, or fmall fpots.\nThe female, or what was taken for fuch, has a greater portion\nof white,, with-a mixture of=pale rufous on the breaft and belly:\nthe brown on the various parts of the body inclined to grey, but\nthe colours difpofed as in the former..\nInhabits the Ifle of France.\nDescription. ^XYCATXJ'HE *R.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\nFE.M.ALE,\nP_Ae_.\nLe, Gobe-mouche de L'Ifle de Bourbon, Brif orn. ii. p. 3\"6o. z. pL-39. 'f.'n.'\nCIZE of the firft fpecies: length four inches and three quarters. Bill brown : the head, and hind part of the neck,\nbrown, marked here \"and there with fmall rufous fpecks, efpecially\non the margins: back, rump, and wings, much the feme : throat,\nand fore part of the neck, dirty white: from the breaft to*the\nvent pale rufous : quills, and tail, brown; the firft edged and\ntipped with rufous; the laft only edged with the fame : legs\nbrown.\nThe female has thofe parts of a dirty white, which are rufous in\nthe male.\n.Found at the Ifle of Bourbon; where it is called TetJec.\nRUFOUS-\nVENTED FL.\nDescription.\n,Gobe-mouche de L'Ifle .de Bourbon, PL enl. 572. f. 3.\nT.ENGTH four inches and three-quarters : colour wholly\nblack, except the vent and under tail coverts, which are rufous : legs pale red.\nSaid to inhabit the Ifle of Bourbon.\nTUFTED FL.\nDescription.\nT> I LL black, and crooked at the point: head crefted; that,\nthe cheeks, and chin, black: hind part of the neck, back,\nswings, and tail, the fame; the two middle feathers of the laft\ntipped with white: rump, fides of the neck, breaft, and belly,\n.white: vent yellow: legs blueifh.\n.Inhabits Ceylon. FLYCATCHER.\nRed-vented Flycatcher, Brown's III. p. 78. pi. 31. RED-VENTED\nLENGTH four inches and a half. Bill blueifh: head mP *!l.rftv\n[ -LS-SCRIFTION.\nblack, and flightly crefted.: the neck, and upper parts of the\nbody, clouded brown : breaft, .and belly, white: vent red : tail \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\nblack: legs dufky.\nInhabits the ifland of Ceylon*. Place.\nYellow-vented Flycatcher, Brown's III. p, 76.pl. 31.\nJ^ENGTH four inches and a half. Bill black: forehead,\nand crown, black, and crefted : fides of the neck, breaft, and\nbelly, white : vent yellow: tail long, dufky, croffed near the end\nwith a bar of white : legs dufky. '2\nInhabits the ifland of Java.\nFrom the great fimilarity of the two figures, this appears to\ndiffer from the laft .merely -in fex, if not a variety? -\nPetit Goiavier de Manille, Son. Voy. p. 59. pl; 2%C\nCOME WH AT lefs- than a Sparrow. Bill black* irides of\na pale yellow : crown of the head black : over the eyes a line\nof white, extending almoft to the hind head : from the bafe of the\nlower jaw to the ..eye another, of black : the upper parts of the .\nbody are of a dull brown, not unlike umber: quills, and tail, the t\nfame, but deeper: the under parts are white, except the vent,.\nwhich is of a pale yellow: legs-black.\"\nThis inhabits Manilla, and is frequent about habitations; and\nii_,-obferved frequently to ..perch on the Guavas, the fruit of\nwhich..:\nV.\nYELLOW-\nVENTED FL.\nDescription. 336 F L Y C A T C H E H.\nwhich the natives fuppofe it to be fond of; but it is full as.provable that its fearch is after the infects which frequent the trees,\nas the fruit itfelf.\nThis feems to have fome affinity to the laft.\nYELLOW-\nBREASTED FL.\nYellow-breaited Flycatcher, _\ns III. p. 80. pl, 82.\nWREATHED\nFL..\nCIZE of a Goldfinch. Bill grey : head, and cheeks, black:\n' back, and wing .coverts, cinereous brown, mixed with yellow:\nbreaft yellow: quills, and tail, dufky, edged with pale yellow 4\nlegs pale blue.\nInhabits Ceylon; where it is called Malkala-kourla. It is much\nadmired by the natives for its fong, and frequently kept in cages\nfor that purpofe.\nCI ZE of a large Hummingbird. \"Bill flender, and rather long?\nhead, back, and wing coverts, a variable green and gold : tail\nlong, green on the outer webs, dufky within: wings dufky^\nthroat, and breaft, fox-colour : rump, and belly, yellow.\nInhabits India *?.\nLe Gobe-mouches verdatre de la Chine, Son. Voy. Ind. vol. ii. p. 107.\n_->e_cx.u-tion. TJ I G GE R than a Houfe Sparrow. Bill black : irides red:\nthe head black :\yer the eye a ftreak of white, arifing from\nthe FLYCATCHE\nthe bill, and paffing to the hind head, making a fort of wreath:\nthe hind part of the neck, the back, rump, wing coverts, and\ntail, greenifh grey : the quills yellowifh green: the throat white;\nfore part of the neck and breaft greyifh : the belly and vent pale\nyellow: legs black.\nInhabits China *.\nGREY-NECKED\nTH E upper parts of this bird are black: acrofs the wing co- ._\n, , - , . - c , , , , Description.\nverts a band of white : fore part of the neck dark grey:\nbreaft and belly pale red : the tail a little cuneiform: legs yellowifh brown.\nInhabits China. Place.\nT ENGTH fix inches and a half. Bill red: the forehead,\nover the bill, dufky black: on each fide the jaw a ftreak of\nthe fame, like a whifker: round the eye yellowifh, paffing in a\nftreak behind, where it is pointed: upper parts of the body\ngreen : fore part of the neck yellow, inclining to red on the fides\nof the breaft: top of the head pale yellow: belly pale green,\nmarked with three fpots of yellow one above the other: quills\ndufky, edged with yellow : tail the fame, and much forked ; the\ntwo middle feathers tipped with white: legs reddifh.\nFrom China: called there guy lum longfu.\n* The Wreathed Shrike, vol. i. p. 178. feems to bear much affinity to this.\nVol. II. X x &\u00C2\u00AB\nF L Y C A T C FT-E RJL\n^LAMMEOUS\nFL.\nPlace.\n27.\nORANGE^\nVENTED FL.\nDescription.\nMufcieapa flammea, Zool, Ltd. p. 25. pl. 15.\nHP HE bill in this bird is black: the head, neck, thighs, wings,,\nand tail, the fame : the middle coverts of the wings, the\nback, and under parts from the breaft, orange-colour: there is\nalfo a.mixture of the laft'in the-fecond quills ;. and the tips of the?\ntail feathers are of the fame colour :. the legs black.\nThe female, or what is fuppofed to be, has the head and back\nafh-coloured : chin black :: breaft and rump orange : the reft of\nthe under parts yellowifh white : the wings blaek, with a bar off\norange acrofs the middle:. the tail black above, and yellow-\nbeneath.\nInhabits Indidi.\nJ^ E N G T H fix iriehes> Bill red: head a trifle crefted : the\nupper parts of the plumage pale brown ; the under, dufky.\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nwhite : rump and vent orange :. tail fomewhat. forked : legs\npurplifh.\nThis I few among fome fine $*kinefe drawings, in poffeffibn of.\nsi&e late Dr. Fotheigill. Probably the female of.thedaft fpecies,-,\nor a variety of it.\nBLACK FL..\nLe Gobe-mouche noir de L'Ifle de Lucon, Son. Voy. p. 58. pl. 27. f.\u00E2\u0080\u00A2__\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nCIZE of the Long-tailed Titmoufe. Bill black.:. irides s\nbrownifh: the head, throat, and all the upper parts of the:\nbody, are black, gloffed with violet: the under parts, from the\nbreaft,. FLYCATCHER.\nbreaft, dufky grejt.^on the middle of each wing a fpot of white:\nlegs black.\nThis inhabits the Philippine Iflands, and Madagafcar .* at the Place,\nlaft, the inhabitants call it Teffacourbe.\nLe Moucherolle des Philippines, Buf, of. iv. p. 565.\nCIZE of a Nightingale. The upper parts of the plumage dewjr!\ngrey brown : above the eyes a ftreak of white: the bafe of\nthe bill is befet with long hairs: the under parts of the body arc\nwhitifh.\nInhabits the Philippine Iflands.\nLe petit Azur, Buf. oif. iv. p. 534.\nLe Gobe-mouche bleu des Philippines, PL enl, 666, f. 1.\nJ^ENGTH five inches. General colour of the plumage\ngloffy azure blue, except at the hind part of the head and\n-the breaft, on both which is a black fpot: belly, thighs, and\nvent, blueifh white: quills, and tail blue black; the firft edged\n--with blue grey : bill black : legs pale reddifh brown.\nInhabits the Philippine Iflands.\nLe Gobe-mouche a tete ileuatre de L'Ifle de Lucon, Sen. Voy. p. 57. pl. 26.\nf. 1.\nCIZE of a Linnet. Bill brown: the head of a deep blue,\nnearly black: throat, back, wing coverts, and tail for almoft\nits whole]J$ieiL .of a deep red; the tips of the feathers black j\nX x a the 340\nFLYCATCHER.\nthe fhape of it forked: the breaft, belly, and vent, pale brown t\nlegs brown.\nPlace. Inhabits the ifland of Manilla.\nTHROATED ^e GODe'moucke * Gorge jaune de L'Ifle de Lueon, Son, Voy, p. 57. pl. 26.\nFL.\nDjscriptiom. OOMEWHAT bigger than the laft. The top and fides of\nthe head black : hind head grey; below this black : on the\ncheeks two tranfverfe bands of white: throat yellow : breaft reddifh : middle of the belly yellow ; fides of it, and vent, white t\nthe upper parts of the bird are grey : middle of the back chefnut, extending itfelf over the wings, which are crofTed with a.\nftripe of white : quills black, edged with brown: the two mid--\ndie tail feathers ace black,, the others white : bill and legs\nbrown.\nJiach. Inhabits the ifland of Manilla.\nJAN-TAILED\nFL.\nPl. XLIX. CIZE of the Bearded Titmoufe :. length, fix. inches and a half.,\nS-scriptiqk. Bm blackj a little bentj and furuifhed with, briftles at the\nbafe r. the irides hazel :\u00E2\u0080\u00A2. the-whole head, taking in the eyes, is\nblack i this defeends on the back part lower than the nape, from,\nwhence it paffes forwards in a narrow collar to the throat: the.-\nchin, throat, and fides of the neck, except where this collar-\n< paffes, are white ; and over the eye is a white ftreak like; an eye- .\nbrow: the upper parts of the body are olive brown, the quills,\ndarkeft, and fome of the wing coverts tipped with white : the\nunder parts yellowifh ruft-colour, growing whitifh towards the\nvent.:: ^W-^^4^^/^^ FLYCATCHER.\nwnt: the tail is longer than the body, and cuneiform in fhape;\nthe two middle feathers black ; the others white : the legs\ndufky.\nThis inhabits the fouthern ifle of New Zealand. Dr. -Forfter\ninforms me, that it is an exceeding familiar fpecies; is conftantly\nhunting after infects ;. and flies-always with, its tail fpread in\nfhape of a fan : is eafily tamed,, and will then fit on any per\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nfon's fhoulder and pick the flies off. It has a chirping kind\nof note,, not to be called a fong. It is called by the natives\nDiggo-wagb-wagh..\nThis is fubject to variety. One met with- in the ifland of\nTanna, was darker in colour: the two middle tail feathers of a\nfooty black, with white fhafts, the inner margins and tips\nwhitifh;. the others have the inner webs deep black, the fhafts\npaler black,.and the outer webs almoft wholly grey..\nI find alfo a fecond variety in the collection of Sir J ofeph Banks,..\nwhich had only the outer tail feathers white; the others white,,\nwith the margins dufky. This fpecimen was full feven inches in.\nlength,, and.came from Dufky. Bay..\nLev\u00C2\u00A3f.\nLe Gobe-mouche brun de la Caroline, Brif. om. ii. p. 367. 6.\n \u00E2\u0096\u00A0 noiratre de la Caroline, Buf. of. iv. p. 541.\nBlack-cap Flycatcher, Catefb. Car. i. pl. 53.\u00E2\u0080\u0094ArB. Zool.\nCIZE of a Nightingale: length fix inches and a quarter.\nBill black, briftly at the bafe: top of the head black:\nthe reft of the upper parts brown; the under of a yellowifh\nwhite : quills brown: tail the fame, and a trifle forked: legs\nblack.\nThe female has the top of the head not of fo deep a black.\nThefe inhabit Carolina, where they breed; feed on flies and\ninfects ; depart elfewhere in winter.\nBLACK-\nCAPPED FL.\nMufcieapa Carolinenfis, Lin. Syft. i. p. 328. 18.\nLe Gobe-mouche brun de Virginie, Brif. orn. ii. p. 365. 5,\nLe Moucherolle de Virginie, Buf. oif. iv. p. 562.\nCat Bird, Catefb. Car. i. pl. 66.\u00E2\u0080\u0094ArB. Zool.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\nA Little bigger than a Lark: length eight inches. Bill black:\nthe upper parts of the body and wings of a deep brown; the\nunder afh-coloured : crown of the head black: the under tail coverts dirty red: the tail is even at the end, and blackifh in\ncolour: the legs are brown.\nThis is found in Virginia in the fummer-feafon, where it builds\nthe neft : the eggs are blue. It frequents the fhrubs rather than\ntall trees, and feeds on infects: its cry refembles that of a Cat,\nwhence the name given it by Catefiby.\nOne of thefe, which came from Kamtfcatka, now in the Leverian Mufeum, differed in not having the vent red.\nVol. II. Z z Mufcieapa\nDescription. .54\nFLYCATCHER.\nMufcieapa Canadenfis, Lin. Syft. i. p. 327. 13.\nLe Gobe-mouche cendre de Canada, Brif. em. ii. p. 406. 25. pl. 39. f. 4.\nCanada Flycatcher, ArB. Zool.\nDescription. .\nf ENGTH four inches and a half. Bill grey brown, befet\nwith briftles at the bafe: crown of the head cinereous,\nfpotted with black: between the bill and eye a yellow fpot; and\nbeneath the eye a black one : the upper parts of the plumage cinereous ; the under yellow, marked with fmall black fpots on the\nfore part of the neck : the under tail coverts are nearly white :\nwing coverts cinereous, within grey brown: quills and tail greyifh*\nbrown, edged with cinereous : legs pale yellow.\nInhabits Canada.\nCINNAMON FL.\nDescription,\nLev. Muf.\nT ENGTH eight inches. Bill flout, pretty ftrait, and black j\nbafe furnifhed with briftles : the plumage in general of a yel-\nlowifh cinnamon-colour, in different fhades, on the upper parts:\ntbcYump and under parts much paler, almoft yellow: the wing\ncoverts are tipped with? tfeis laft colour, which forms a bar on the\nwing: the quills dufky, margined with ferruginous.\nInhabits Cayenne.\nYELLOW-\nRUMPED FL.\nDescription,\nT ENGTH feven fftctiies. Bill one inch long, and brown?\"\nbafe of it briftly: the upper parts of the plumage of a reddifh\nbrown: the wing coverts margined with rufous: the quills\nbrown : the rump yellow: bdlyv-ind vent buff-colotfr'^tail even\n6 at FLYCATCHER.\nat the end, three inches in length, and of the fame colour as the\nquills.\nInhabits Cayenne, with the laft.\nMufcieapa Cayanenfis, Lin. Syft. i. p. 237. 12.\nLe Gobe-mouche de Cayenne, Brif. om, ii. p. 404. 24. pl. 38. f. 4.\nBr. Muf.\nDATHER lefs than a Lark: length above feven inches. Bill\ndufky, befet with briftles: the top of the head brown; the feathers down the middle of it yellow at the bafe : from the bill, over\nthe eye, to the hind head, a ftreak of white : before and behind the\neye a deep brown fpot: all the upper parts of the body brown,\nedged with olive: the upper tail and wing coverts brown, with\nrufous edges : the chin white: the reft of the under parts yellow:\nquills and tail brown, with rufous edges: legs blackifh.\nInhabits Cayenne.\nMufcieapa tyrannus, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 325. 4.\nLe Tyran a queue fourchue, Brif. em. ii. p. 395. 20. pl. 39.\nPl. enl. 571. f. 2.\nLe Savana, Buf. of. iv. p. 557. pl. 26.\nFork-tail Flycatcher, ArB. Zool.\nLev. Muf.\nCIZE of the Crefted Lark: length fourteen inches. Bill\nblack; at the bafe a few briftles: the upper part and fides\nof the head black; on the middle of the crown the feathers are\nyellow at the bafe: the hind part of the neck, back, rump, and1\nfeapulars, cinereous : upper tail coverts black: all the under\nparts white: the leffer wing coverts cinereous; the greater\nZ z 2 brown : 356 FLYCATCHER.\nbrown : quills brown, the inner margins * white: tail black,\ngreatly forked, the outer feather being nine inches and a quarter\nlong, the middle ones not two; all of them are black, but the\nouter one has the exterior web white for half its length from the\nbafe : the legs are black.\nIn fome birds the yellow on the crown is wanting, and thefe\nare juftly fuppofed to be females.\nPlace. This fpecies inhabits Canada and Surinam f.\nSWALLOW-\nTAILED FL.\ni Moucherolle a\nPl. enl. 677.\ni fourchue du Mexique\nBuf. oif. iv. p. 564.\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nDIGGER than a Lark in the body: length ten inches, of\nwhich the tail is five. The bill is ftrait, eight lines long,\ncompreffed,,and weak; the colour of it black: irides red: the\nhead and back are light grey, with a little tinge of red : the under parts of the body white; beneath the wing red; and when\nclofed, a little of this colour appears juft above the bend of it:\nthe leffer wing coverts are afh-colour, with pale edges, giving the\nappearance of fcalcs; the greater coverts marked irt the fame\nmanner, but blackifh: the quills black, edged with grey: the\ntail is greatly forked, the outer feather is five inches long, and\nthe middle ones but two; thefe are all black, edged with rufous\ngrey; but the outer ones have the exterior webs white for halt\ntheir length : the legs are black.\nSome of thefe birds have the tail much fhorter.\nInhabits Mexico.\n* The outer margins are alfo white in fome birds.\nt The Canadian one has black temples, and a cinereous back; but in that\nfrom Surinam, the body is black. Lin.\nMufcieapa FLYCATCHER.\nMufcieapa crinita, Lin. Syft. i. p. 325. 6.\nLe Gobe-mouche hupe de Virginie, Brif om. ii. p. 412, 28.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl,\n569, f. 1.\nLe Moucherolle de Virginie, a huppe verte, Buf. oif. iv. p. 56$.\nCrefted Flycatcher, Catefb. Car. i. pl. 52.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ara, Zool.\nBr. Muf. Lev. Muf.\n\u00C2\u00A7 I Z E of the Crefted Lark: length eight inches. Bill black,\nbriftly at the bafe : irides hazel: the head is crefted, and of a\ndull green : hind part of the neck and back the fame : wing and\ntail coverts brown : the under parts, from the chin to the breaft,\nafh-colour; from thence to the vent yellow: quills and tail\nbrown; the edges of the firft chefnut, and the fide feathers of the\nlaft the fame within : the legs are black.\nThis inhabits Carolina and Virginia in fummer; builds there,\nand departs in autumn.\nLe Tyran de Cayenne, Brif. 0\n-Buf. of. iv. p. 58\nCIZE of the Red-backed Shrike, or a trifle bigger: length\nfeven inches. Bill brown; about the bafe of it, and noftrils,\nare long hairs : the head, hind part of the neck, and from thence\nto the tail, deep brown: from the chin to the breaft afh-\ncoloured ; from thence to the tail pale yellow: thighs olive\nbrown: the wing coverts deep brown; the greater ones edged\nwith olive : quills and tail of the fame colour: legs blackifh.\nThe female differs in being paler.\nInhabits Cayenne. It feems by the defcription to be very like\nthe laft.\nTYRANT FL.\nDescription.\nFemale.\nPlace: 3*8\nFLYCATCHER.\nLe petit Tyran de Cayenne, Brif. trie. ii. p. 400. 22.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 571, f. 1-\nrT' HIS differs from the laft in being lefs, and is only fix inches\nand a quarter in length. The colours are not greatly different, except that in this bird the brown inclines more to rufous,\nand the wing coverts have paler edges. In the Pl. enl. there is a\nbrown fpot on the ears.\nThis likewife is found at Cayenne, and in all probability is only\nja variety.\n63-\nLOUISIANE FL,\nLe Tyran de la Louifiane, Buf. oif iv. p. 583.\nCIZE of the laft. Bill long, flat, furnifhed with hairs at the\nbafe, and bent: the head, hind neck, and back, are grey\nbrown: throat flate-colour: belly yellowifh: on the greater wing\ncoverts is a mixture of white: the quills are pale rufous: tail cinereous brown, edged with rufous.\nInhabits Louifiana. '\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\n64.\nYELLOW-\nCROWNED FL,\nLe Gobe-mouche tachete de Cayei\nLe Caudec, Buf. of. iv. p. 582.\nle, PL enl. 453. f. 2.\nCIZE of a Lark : length eight inches. Bill ftout, black; an\ninch and a quarter long, bent at the tip, and hairy at the bafe:\ncrown of the head yellow: forehead juft over the bill, between\nthat and the eye, the chin, and throat, white: through the eye a\ndufky ftreak: the upper parts of the body and wings dufky, each\nfeather edged with rufous brown: rump and tail ferruginous,\nwith the middle of the feathers on the back dufky, like the\nother: the under parts, from the breaft, pale yellow, marked\nwith 36\u00C2\u00B0\nF L Y C A T C H E R,\nS6. Mufcieapa Petechia, Lin. Syft. i. 328. 19.\nPETECHIAL FL, Le Gobe-mouche brun de la Martinique, Brif. orn. iv. p. 364. 4. pl. 38.\nf. 1.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 568. f. 2.\nLe Moucherolle brun de la Martinique, Buf. oif. iv. p. 563.\nDEscRrpTioN. CI Z E of the Crefted Lark: length fix inches and a half. Bill\n\"black: the upper parts of the body are deep brown: the\nthroat deep rufous : fore part of the neck and breaft cinereous\nbrown; from thence to the vent cinereous, marked with rufous\n-fpots : under tail coverts rufous : quills brown : tail deep brown ;\nall, except the two middle feathers, edged with a paler brown\nand white.\nPlace. Inhabits Martinico.\n67.\nSTREAKED FL.\nLe Gobe-mouche tachete de Cayenne, Buf. oif. iv. p. 545.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl. 574. f, 3.\nT ENGTH four inches and a half. Bill black : crown of\nthe head a little crefted; of an afh-colour, mixed with yellow : upper part of the body brown: two rufous bars on the\nwing coverts, and the quills edged with the fame; fome of the\nfecondaries have whitifh edges : the under parts are brownifh .\nwhite, dafhed with longitudinal ftreaks of brown: legs of this\n-laft colour.\nInhabits Cayenne.\n68. Le Gobe-mouche olive de Cayenne, Buf. of. iv. p. 544.\u00E2\u0080\u0094P/. enl 574. ^ 2.\nACTIVE FL.\nDescription. SIZE of the laft- BiU blackifh, befet with a few weak\nbriftles: plumage above olive brown: beneath dirty white,\n5 inclining FLYCATCHER.\ninclining to rufous on the throat: quills and tail dufky black,\nedged wkh olive brown; the laft rather long: legs brown.\nInhabits Cayenne. Lives on infects, which it is perpetually\nmaking fhort flights after in fummer; and, in defect of flying in.-\nfefts, fearching after them,, like the Wren,, under the bark of\ntrees.\n36i\nMufcieapa Surinama, Lin\n69.\nSURINAM FL.\nCIZE not mentioned. The upper parts black: the. under Descriptio\nwhite: tail rounded, tipped with.white..\nInhabits Surinam. Place,\nLe Gobe-mouche. brun de Cayenne, Buf. oif. iv. p. 536.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 574, f.\" 1..\nr\"p HIS is a fmall fpecies, fearcely four inches long. The bill\ndufky, with a few hairs at the bafe: plumage above dark\nbrown, the feathers edged with yellowifh brown : the quills and\ntail have whitifh edges; the 1'aflr even at the end: the under parts\nare all whitifh, with a rufous tinge on the breaft: legs dufky.\nA variety of this (or of a different fex) had a tinge-of green on\nthe upper parts: the breaft was tinged: with olive brown, the-\nbelly with yellow, and the quills fringed, with reddifh. yellow..\nFound at Cayenne.\nBROWN FL..\nDescription.\nLe Gobe-mouche roux a Poitrii\nPl.enl. 831. f. I.\ne orangee de Cayenne,.Buf. of. iv. p, C37;\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nORANGE-\nBREASTED FL..\nT ENGTH four inches and three quarters. Bill flat and Description\nbroad; colour dufky: the head and hind part of the neck\nVol. IL a A. are 3-2\nROUND-\nCRESTED FL.\nDescription.\nFLYCATCHER.\nare greenifh brown : the back rufous, with a tinge of green: tail\nrufous: quills black, edged with rufous: under parts of the body.\nwhite, except the breaft, which is of a pale orange-colour: legs\npale.\nInhabits Guiana, and frequents the fkirts of the woods, and the\nfavannas. It is perhaps a fcarce fpecies, as one only has yet found\nits way into Europe.\nLe Rubin, ou Gobe-mouche rouge huppe, Buf. oif. iv. p. 547.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. enl.\n675- f- '\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nT ENGTH five inches and a half. The bill is brown: the\ncrown of the head is furnifhed with a remarkable rounded\ncreft, not unlike that of the Rock Manakin, and ending on the\nnape : the creft, fides of the head, and all the under parts, are of\na moft beautiful crimfon: the reft of the body, wings, and tail,\nbr*>wn ; but the quills have grey edges: the legs are reddifh.\nThe female has no creft : the colour of her much lighter; and,\ninftead of the crimfon, thofe parts which are fo in the male, are\nonly tinged with that colour.\nThefe inhabit the borders of the Amazons River, in South America, and are known there by the name of Putillas.\nRUFOUS FL.\nDescription.\nLe\u00C2\u00ABGobe-mouche roux de Cayenne, Buf. of. iv. p. 549U\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 453. f. 1.\nCIZE of a Houfe Sparrow: length five inches and a half.\nBill flout, fhort, (feven lines long) and dufky: the upper\nparts of the body are of a glowing pale rufous colour: quills\nblack: on the top of the head is a fpot of brown : the under,\nparts wholly white, with a tinge of rufous: legs dufky. FLYCATCHER.\n363\nLe Gobe-mouche roux de Cayenne, Brif om. Supp. p. 51. pl. 3. f. 3.\nCIZE of the Crefted Lark: length eight inches and a quarter.\nBill more than an inch and a quarter long,, befet with briftles\nat the bafe; the upper mandible dufky, the under grey : the\nhead, hind part and fides of the neck, deep afh-colour : the feathers on the crown have dark fhafts; thofe of the back rufous\nbrown : throat and fore part of the neck afh-colour, margined\nwith whitifh: rump, upper tail coverts, and breaft,. bright rufous v.\nfrom thence to the vent the fame,, but paler : wings as the back,\nthe feathers edged with rufous,; or rufous brown : tail bright rufous : legs brown.\nInhabits Cayenne. One of thefe, in the collection of Major\nDavies, has the belly of a yellowifh, white.\nRUFOUS-\nBELLIED FL.\nDescription..\nGobe-moucheron, Buf. of. iv. p. 554. 7$.\nLe petit Gobe-mouche tachete de Cayenne. Pl. enl. 831. fV 2. DWARF FL.\n'\"'PHIS is a very minute fpecies, meafuring fearcely three Description;\ninches in length.. The bill is long in proportion, a little\ncurved at the point, and dufky : the head, and hind part of the\nneck\u00E2\u0080\u009E are rufous, fpotted with black : the back and wing coverts\ndeep afh-colour, with greenifh edges : wings black, edged with\ngrey: all the under parts ftraw-colour : tail fhort,. and black :\nthe feapulars and rump are of a pale afh-colour: under the eye\na pale ftreak : the legs flefh-colour.\n.2 A 3\u00C2\u00B04\n76.\nPETTY EL.\n1\nWHISKERED\nFL.\nFLYCATCHER,\nGobe-moucheron, Buf. oif iv. p. 553.\nHP H I S is a trifle bigger than the laft, but both of them\nfmaller than the Golden-crefted Wren. The plumage is deep\nolive grey, with a greenifh tinge on the upper7\" part of the back\nand belly: the wings are blackifh, here and there ftreaked with\nyellowifh white.\nBoth thefe are found in various parts of South America, which\nabounds with the greateft variety of this genus, as a proper\ncheck to the myriads of infects, the peft of thofe parts.\nLe Barbichon de Cayenne, Buf. oif. iv. p. 534.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pl. ml. 830. f. 1.2.\nCIZE of a Houfe Sparrow: length five inches. The bill\nbroad at the bafe, and flat, as in the Tody genus ; the bafe is\nbefet with hairs, which are even longer than the bill itfelf: the\nplumage on the upper parts is deep olive brown, except the\ncrown of the head, which is of an orangercolour: the under\nparts are greenifh yellow, changing to the laft colour on the\nrump : the legs brown.\nThe female is a trifle bigger than the male: the bill lefs, and\nbefet with only a few fhort hairs : the upper parts of a blackifh\nbrown, tinged with green: on the crown an oblong fpot of yellow : throat, and upper part of the neck, whitifh : the lower,\nand breaft, brown, with yellowifh edges : belly and vent pale\nyellow. In the Pl. enl. the tail feems to be longer than in the\nmale.\nThis fpecies is found at Cayenne ; the male and female moftly\nfeen together. The neft is generally placed on fuch branches as FLYCATCHE\nare leaft cloathed with leaves; and is of a large fize, being twelve\ninches deep, and five or more in diameter, wholly compofed of\nmofs : this is only open on the fide, about three inches from the\ntop. The note is a foft whiftle.\nLe grand Gobe-mouche noir de Cayenne, Brif. orn,\nf. 3.\u00E2\u0080\u0094PL enl. 381.\nLePiauhau, Buf . oif iv. p. 588.\nLev. Muf.\nC I Z E of a Blackbird : length twelve inches. The bill is\nbroad at the bafe, an inch and a quarter long, a little bent ,\nat the tip, and befet at the bafe with a few hairs; the colour\nof it dufky : the whole plumage is black, except the chin,\nthroat, and fore part of the neck, on which is a large bed of\nbeautiful crimfon, inclining to purple : the legs are black.\nSome fpecimens are wholly black, having not the leaft trace\nof crimfon on the throat; and fuch may be efteemed as females\nor young birds. I have feen more than one of the laft, in\nwhich the plumage otherwife coincided exactly with the firft-\ndefcribed.\nThefe inhabit Cayenne, and other parts of South America: they\nare found in flocks, and precede in general the Toucans in their\nmovements: feed on fruits and infects, to which laft their bill\nfeems fully adapted : are lively birds, always in action. Inhabit,\nfor the moft part, the woods, like the Toucans ; and where the\nfirft are found, the others are feldom far off. They have a fharp\ncry, which they often repeat, not unlike Pihafihau; whence their\ncame.\nLinnaus 3\u00C2\u00B06\nFLYCATCHER.\nLinnaus has, by fome means, joined this bird to the fynonyms\nof his firft Tanager *; but the two birds are very different, the\nprefent one being twice the fize, and the purple about the head\nan univerfal tinge in his bird, and not a large fpot, as in the\nprefent.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Tanagra jacapa. Lin.\u00E2\u0080\u0094The Jacapu likewife, which both Linnaus and Briffom\nhave quoted, is far different, being only of the fize of a Lark. Bill half ant\ninch long, black, and a little bent: colour of the bird wholly black, except &.\nfpot of a \u00C2\u00AB'\u00C2\u00BB\u00C2\u00BB_i\u00C2\u00ABr-colour under the throat. See Marcgr. p. 192. University of British Columbia Library\nDUE DATE\nF0R\u00C2\u00AB3,0 WOODWARD LIBRARY\n.University of British Columbia\nVancouver 8, B-. C.\nCanada\nmmmmwmw*. "@en . "Other copies: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3180970"@en . "Books"@en . "Encyclopedias"@en . "QL674 .L38"@en . "II-0308-V02-1"@en . "10.14288/1.0357398"@en . "English"@en . "Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library"@en . "London : Printed for Leigh & Sotheby"@en . "Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy, or otherwise distribute these images please contact\u00A0digital.initiatives@ubc.ca."@en . "Original Format: University of British Columbia. Library. Rare Books and Special Collections. QL674 .L38"@en . "Birds"@en . "Ornithology"@en . "A general synopsis of birds. Vol. II. Part 1st"@en . "Text"@en .