"bd030257-0658-4991-9afd-df6eaeb29117"@en . "CONTENTdm"@en . "http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1639186"@en . "British Columbia Historical Books Collection"@en . "Thomson Stationary Co., Ld."@en . "2017-01-13"@en . "1898"@en . "\"Cover title.\" -- Lowther, B. J., & Laing, M. (1968). A bibliography of British Columbia: Laying the foundations, 1849-1899. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, p. 147."@en . ""@en . "https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/bcbooks/items/1.0340747/source.json"@en . "43, 21 pages ; 15 cm"@en . "application/pdf"@en . " PRICE LIST\t\nTHOMSON STATIONERY CO., Ld.\nVancouver, B. C.\nBOOKS FOR SALE\n BY\t\nThomson Stationery Co.,\nLIMITED.\nVANCOUVER, B. C.\nCivil Engineering.\nEngineer's Pocket Book\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Molesworth $ 2 50\nField Engineer\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Shunk 35\nLevelling (Barometric, Trigonometric and Spirit)\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094Baker 65\nSpons' Engineer's Tables 60\nRoe's Engineers' and Surveyors' Pocket Table\nBook, containing ^Logarithms of Numbers from\nI to 10,000, Logarithmic Sines and Tangents,\nNatural Sines and Co-Sines; and Traverse\nTable 60\nEngineering and Architecture\u00E2\u0080\u0094Mosely 7 00\nTables for finding strains in Railway Bridge\nTrusses\u00E2\u0080\u0094Dubois 2 25\nField Practice for laying out Circular Curves\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nTrautwine ' 3 00\nDrawing and Designing\u00E2\u0080\u0094Leland .-. 85\nCurves for Railroads\u00E2\u0080\u0094Trautwine 3 50\nForty Lessons in Engineering\u00E2\u0080\u0094Mitchell 75\nEngineer's Pocket Book\u00E2\u0080\u0094Trautwine 5 50\nEngineering and Mechanics.\nEngineer's Handy Book\u00E2\u0080\u0094Roper 3 50\nPractical Test and Ready \ Reference Book\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nStephenson 1 25\nSteam Heating for Building\u00E2\u0080\u0094Baldwin 2 25\nPractical Instructor for Machinists\u00E2\u0080\u0094Zwicker.... 1 25\nToothed Gearing\u00E2\u0080\u0094Foreman \" 2 25\nBelts and Pulleys\u00E2\u0080\u0094Cromwell . : 2 50\nTreatise on Toothed Gearing\u00E2\u0080\u0094Cromwell .... 2 50\nTHOMSON'S \u00E2\u0080\u0094- f=\u00C2\u00BBRICE LIST\u00E2\u0080\u0094\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nTHOMSON STATIONERY CO,, Ltd.\nVancouver, B. C.\nPattern Maker's Assistant\u00E2\u0080\u0094Rpse $3 5\u00C2\u00B0\nMechanical Engineer's Pocket Book\u00E2\u0080\u0094Whittaker 2 25\n\" \" \" \u00E2\u0080\u0094Haswell.. 4 25\n\" 9 \" \u00E2\u0080\u0094Kent zljh $ 25\nIron Smelter's Pocket Analysis Book\u00E2\u0080\u0094Whitwell 2 40\nllpery Man his own Mechanic 3 75\nScientific American Cyclopedia\u00E2\u0080\u0094Hopkins 6 50\nElasticity and Resistance of Materials of Engineering\u00E2\u0080\u0094Burr.-,\u00E2\u0080\u009E 7 25\nSteam Engines and Steam Boilers.\nCatechism of the Locomotive\u00E2\u0080\u0094Forney 5 00\nHow to run Engines and Boilers\u00E2\u0080\u0094E. P. .Watson I 40\nShop Kinks\u00E2\u0080\u0094R. Grimshaw 3 50\nPractical Manual of Engines and Boilers\u00E2\u0080\u0094W.\nBarnett Le Van 325\nEngineer's Catechism of Steam Engines\u00E2\u0080\u0094Roper 2 75\nSteam Boiler Explosions\u00E2\u0080\u0094Colburn 60\nipfanual of Steam Boilers\u00E2\u0080\u0094Thurston 7 5\u00C2\u00B0\nLocomotive Catechism\u00E2\u0080\u0094Grimshaw 275\nMarine Engineering.\njiilanual of Marine Engineering\u00E2\u0080\u0094Seaton 7 50\nElementary Engineering for Young Marine Engineers\u00E2\u0080\u0094 brewer I 00 .\nEngineer's Calculations \u00E2\u0080\u0094McLaughlin Smith 3 5\u00C2\u00B0\nEngineer's Hand Book to Local Marine Board\nof Examinations\u00E2\u0080\u0094Reed 5 \u00C2\u00B0\u00C2\u00B0\nKey to ditto\u00E2\u0080\u0094Reed 3 00\nElectric Light Fitting\u00E2\u0080\u0094Urquhart ;.. :v 2 50\nSupplement to the North Pacific Pilot, Pt I---\nImray I 00\nBergen's Seamanship 1 00\n||Eaptains and Mates Examiner on Steam (Local\nBoard of Exams) \u00E2\u0080\u0094S. M. Saxby 75\nPractical Hints to Young Officers and Merchants\nSteamers\u00E2\u0080\u0094-Reed 65\nSeamanship and Navigation (Local Board of\nExams)--R. Maxwell 50\nTHOMSON'S -\u00E2\u0080\u0094-PRICE LIST\t\nTHOMSON STATIONERY CO., Ltd;\nVancouver. B. C.\nBook of Knots---\"Tom Bowling\" $ 65\nBritish Columbia Pilot, 1888, with supplement.. 2 75\nExaminer in Seamanship\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ainsley 85\nSeamanship and Rigging\u00E2\u0080\u0094Tas. B. Moffat t 65 .\nPocket Book for Marine Engineers\u00E2\u0080\u0094-F. Proctor I 65\nSeamanship Examiner\u00E2\u0080\u0094Newton 40\nReed's Seamanship 80\nNavigation.\nReed's Seamanship\t\nNorie's Navigation\u00E2\u0080\u0094Rosser 6 40\nPrimer of Navigation\u00E2\u0080\u0094-Flag 50\nNewton's Guide to Board, of Trade Examinations,. 2 75\nAinsley's Guide to the Local Marine Board of\nExaminations 3 00\nReed's ditto 2 25\nPractical Navigation. (The Sailor's Sea Book)\n^\u00E2\u0080\u0094Greenwood and Rosser 2 80\nAzimuth Tables .on the Sun's True Bearings\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Burdwood , .. . 2 00\nRoe's Logarithm Tabled, pocket size, containing\nSines and Tangents, Natural Sines, Co-Sines,\nTraverse Tables 60\nHow to Keep Chip's Accounts\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ainsley 65\nAmerican Nautical Almanac, 1899 1 00\n\" .,.,'.\" 1900 1 00\nBritish Nautical Almanac, 1900 1 25\nNorth Pacific Coast \"Pilot, Pt I\u00E2\u0080\u0094Imray 5 75\nTide Tables, 1898........ 75\nPacific Coast Tide Tables, our own publication,\n1898............. ..;. 15\nWe carry the above constantly in stock and are\ngradually increasing, our list. We have special facilities\nfor procuring, any book published\u00E2\u0080\u0094American or English, and will, he pleased to have your orders for any\nbook you want. Thomson Stationery \u00E2\u0082\u00ACo*9\nl>td.. Vancouver, K. .C\nTHOMSON'S \u00E2\u0080\u0094^\u00E2\u0080\u0094PRICE LIST\t\nTHOMSON STATIONERY CO., Ld,\nVancouver, B. C.\nBOOKS ON MINING.\nThomson Stationery Co., ld.\nNew Books constantly added.\n- BRANCH STORE: NELSON, B. C.\nProspecting for Gold and Silver\u00E2\u0080\u0094Lakes $ i 25\nProspectors' Hand Book\u00E2\u0080\u0094Anderson, cloth..... 1 25\n\" '' leather flap 1 75\nHidden Mines and How to Find Them\u00E2\u0080\u0094Newman 1 50\nPlacer Mining, a Hand Book for Klondike and\nother Miners and Prospectors I 25\n#2fEveryone interested in Mining should have these\nfour popular treatises on mining and minerals.\nAssaying ami Geology.\nManual of Practical Assaying\u00E2\u0080\u0094Furman .4 25\nManual of Assaying Gold, Silver, Lead, Copper,\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094W. L. Brown 3. 75\nText Book of Assaying\u00E2\u0080\u0094Beranger 4 00\nAssay Notes-*\u00E2\u0080\u0094Chapman.... .::...;, 75\nThe Assayer's Manual \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Bruno Kerl 4 00\nOre Deposits\u00E2\u0080\u0094J. A. Phillips. 8 00\nHand Book of Rocks\u00E2\u0080\u0094Kemp 2 50\nGenesis of Ore Deposits\u00E2\u0080\u0094Posepney 4 50\nGeology\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ihls.eng >. a|-.: 60\nGeology\u00E2\u0080\u0094Geikie .\"....\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 60\n\" - - \" (unabridged) [ 2 00\nManual of Geology \u00E2\u0080\u0094J as. A. Dana\t\nThe Self Assayer and Miner describes in .plain\nconcise form simple and accurate processes for\ndetermining the values of various ores, written\n!\" for the every day miner ... .\ . .. jfe. j.';...... 25\nIflining and Mineralogy. ^&W6\n\"Manual of Mineralogy and Petrography\u00E2\u0080\u0094Dana.. 3 00\nTHOMSON'S PRICE LIST\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nTHOMSON STATIONERY CO., Ld.\nVancouver, B. O.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Mineralsand How to Study Them\u00E2\u0080\u0094Dana $ 2 25\nSystem of Mineralogy\u00E2\u0080\u0094 Dana 15 00\nPractical Treatise on Hydraulic Mining\u00E2\u0080\u0094Bowie 6 00\nManual of Mining\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ihlseng 5 25\nMetallurgy of Gold\u00E2\u0080\u0094Eissler 5 50\n\" of Silver\u00E2\u0080\u0094 \" ...... 3 25\nMetallurgy of Argentiferous Lead\u00E2\u0080\u0094Eissler 4 00\n.Cyanide Process for Extraction of Gold\u00E2\u0080\u0094EissleT 3 00\nChlorinatiori ' Process for Treatment of Gold\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nWilson 2 00\nMetallurgy of Silver, Gold and Mercury (2 vols)\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094Eggleston 18 00\nBlowpipe Practice\u00E2\u0080\u0094Chapman 3 25\nMineral Indicator\u00E2\u0080\u0094Chapman 1 50\nMiner's Pocket Book\u00E2\u0080\u0094Locke 3 75\nThe Metallurgy of Gold\u00E2\u0080\u0094T. K. Ross 7 50\nMethods of Working\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ihlseng (Mining Primers) 60\nPower in Mining \" \" 60\nVentilation . . \" \" 60*\nCoal and Metal Miner's Pocket Book of Principles\nRules, .Formulae and Tables,, largely illustrated,\nan exceptionally useful book, in leather cover\nwith flap... 375\nRudiments of Mineralogy\u00E2\u0080\u0094Ramsay.... 1 50\nPocket Manual of Mining\u00E2\u0080\u0094Chewett (cloth).... 1 25\nJj \" \" (leather).. 1 50\nProspector's Field Book and Guide\u00E2\u0080\u0094Osborne.. 2 29\n-Determinative Mineralogy and Blowpipe -Brusch 4 50\nMetalliferous Minerals and Mining\u00E2\u0080\u0094Davies .... 4 25,\n^Miner^s Hand Book\u00E2\u0080\u0094Milne 2 50\nPocket Book.for .Miners & Metallurgists\u00E2\u0080\u0094Powers 3 25\nElements of Mineralogy\u00E2\u0080\u0094 T. Rutley r v 80\nMineral Surveyor and Valuer's Guide-W. Lintern 1 75\nGetting Gold\u00E2\u0080\u0094J. C. F. Johnson 200\nThe Hydraulic Gold Miner's Manual--Kirkpatrick 1 50\nMineral Wealth of Canada\u00E2\u0080\u0094Wilmott 1 25,\nGold and Silver Ores\u00E2\u0080\u0094W. H. Merritt (leather) 1 00\n.Manual of Hydraulic Mining\u00E2\u0080\u0094Van Wagenen.. 1 50*\nTHOMSON'S PRICE LIST\t\nTHOMSON STATIONERY CO., Ld.\nVancouver, B. C.\nPlacer Mining, a Handbook for Klondike and\nother Miners and Prospectors .. $ I 25\nYukon Mining Laws .... 25\nTelegraphic Codes.\nMoering and. Neal Mining Telegraph Code. 7 25\nBedford McNeill Mining Telegraph Code 7 50\n'A. B. C. Telegraph Code 6 00\nSlater's Telegraph Code 2 50\nClough's Mining Code 2 25\nA 1 Telegraphic Code 10 00\nShip Owners' Telegraphic Code 8 00\nAdams Cable Codex, (paper) 40\n(cloth) 65\nMIPS Showing Mining Locations.\n52 Big Bend and Trout Lake Mining Districts 1 00\n63 Trail Creek Mining Camp\u00E2\u0080\u0094J. H. McGregor 1 00\n35 C^al Hill Mining Camp, Kamloops 50\n57 Slocan Mining Camp showing the country immediately around Sandon i 00\n36 Harrison Lake Mining Camp I 00\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A258 Slocan Lake District, showing mining locations\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094Thomlinson 1 00\n07 East Kootenay, showing locations\u00E2\u0080\u0094McVittie 1 00\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A041 Cariboo, showing locations\u00E2\u0080\u0094Garden, Hermon\n& Burwell I 00\n39 Lillooet, showing locations\u00E2\u0080\u0094Garden, H. & B. 25\n40 Lillooet,- \" \u00E2\u0080\u0094Burnette 50\n20 Texada Island 1 00\n19 Mining Camp on Jervis Inlet 50\n21 Map showing locations of mineral claims in\nvicinity of Shoal Bay and Phillips Arm .... 50\n37 Mineral Claims situated on Fire Mountain\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nVaughari , V 50\n.38 Bridge River Mineral Claims, Lillooet\u00E2\u0080\u0094J. P.\nForde.....'. 50\nTHOMSON'S PRICE LIST-\t\nTHOMSON STATIONERY CO., Ld.\nVancouver, B. C.\n39 Map of Lillooet.and Cache Creek \u00E2\u0096\u00A0. $ 50\n;42 Map of the Cariboo Mining District\u00E2\u0080\u0094Bowman 50\n.41 Cariboo Mining District showing Hydraulic\nMines\u00E2\u0080\u0094Thomson Stationery Co. Ld 1 00\n44 Fairview Mining Camps 75\n52 Big Bend and Trout Lake Districts\u00E2\u0080\u0094H. Perry\n. Leake..: \".: 1 00\n53 Map of Hot Springs Camp, Ainsworth\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\u00C2\u00A7 Strobeek , 1 00\n54 -East .and West Kootenay Mineral Claims-\nGovernment 25\n55 Fletcher'.s Map.of East .and,.West Kootenay 1 25\n56 Perry's Mining Map of the South District of\nWest Kootenay 1 00\n57 Part of the Slocan- Mining Camp - Drewry\n58 Sketch Map of the .Slocan Lake District\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nThomlinson 1 00\n59 Map of the Slocan Mines 1 00\n51 Salmon and Wild Horse\u00E2\u0080\u0094Field & Hobbes . 25\n50 North Fork and Wild Horse Districts. ...... 1 50\n69 WestTCootenay Topographical Map ........\n60 Map of the Trail Creek Geological District.. 25\n61 Mineral Claims .of the Trail Creek. Mining Dis 1 50\n62 Mining Map of Trail Creek, showing claims\nin vicinity of Rossland 1 50\n63 Trail Creek . Mining Camps \u00E2\u0080\u0094 McGregor\nAtkinson 1 00\n64 Map of Rossland\u00E2\u0080\u0094Buck & Bouillon 1 00\n67 Portion of .East Kootenay District\u00E2\u0080\u0094McVittie 1 00\n68 Prospectors'Map of East Kootenay\u00E2\u0080\u0094Lang.. 1 00\n69 Nelson and - Salmon River Districts........ 1 ;\u00C2\u00A9o\nMAPSOF THE YUKON\n26 Map of the Yukon\u00E2\u0080\u0094Thomson Sta. Co., Ld 25\n27 \" Ci (mounted on linen)\nThomson Sta. Co., Ld 50\n28 Route Map, Juneau to Porcupine River,\nAlaska\u00E2\u0080\u0094U.S. Geodetic Survey 50\nTHOMSON'S PRICE LIST\t\nT&OMSON STATIONERY CO., Ld.\nVancouver, B. C.\n29 Map of the Yukon River from mouth up, being\nAmerican Govt, chart $\"T\" t.\u00C2\u00B0 $ 75\n30 Map of Alaska, in case 75\n31 Gosnell's Map of the Yukon 30\n34 Millroy's Map of Alaska, paper 50\n35 \" mounted on cloth.. 1 50\n32 Province. Map of the Canadian Yukon,\nmounted .. 75\n33 Yukon . River, . Alaska 50\n36 Map of the! Copper River Route, just pub\nlished\u00E2\u0080\u0094J. H. Tyrrell 75\n37 Map.of Alaska, from,latest geological surveys,\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094J. B. Tyrrell 75\nGeneral Maps of Uritisn Columbia\n1 British Columbia, 4 maps in one 25\n2 Brownlee's Map of British Columbia, mounted\non linen 1 75\n3 ditto ditto with rollers 2 00\n4 British Columbia, by Government, in two\nparts I 00\n5 Southwestern part of British Columbia,\nshowing . Vancouver Is., Coast, Lillooet,\nYale, Westminster, (Government) 50\n6 Central portion of British Columbia,\n(Government) 50\n7 Northern Coast of British Colurnbia, (Govern\nment) showing Cassiar, Coast Dist., Queen\nCharlotte Is and Graham Is 25\n46 Map. of Findlay and Omineca Rivers\t\nCOAST MAPS.\n' 5 Southwestern part of British Columbia, showing\nthe \"Coast, Lillooet, Yale, Westminster...... 50\n7 Northern Coast of B. C, showing Coast,\nLilloet, Yale,/Westminster 25\n22 Squamish District\u00E2\u0080\u0094De Wolf & Munroe.. .. 25\nTHOMSON'S PRICE LIST\u00E2\u0080\u0094\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nTHOMSON STATIONERY CO., Ld.\nVancouver, B. C.\n23 Birds Eye View of Puget-Sound....... $ 50\n24 Annette Island\u00E2\u0080\u0094J. B. Tyrrell 50\nGovernment Reports and Books.\nReport of the Minister of Mines for British Columbia, being an account of the mining operations\nin the Province for 1897, -with maps 60\nditto for 1896 60\nReport of Vancouver Island, with maps\u00E2\u0080\u0094Dawson 40\n\" West Kootenay District, wiih maps\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nDawson 35\nReport of Kamloops Mining District, with maps\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094Dawson 75\nReport of \ ukon District, with maps\u00E2\u0080\u0094Dawson\nRevised Edition 1898 60\n\" Mining District of Cariboo\u00E2\u0080\u0094Bowman 40\n\" Northern Alberta\u00E2\u0080\u0094McConnell 40\nOfficial Guide to the Klondike, paper\u00E2\u0080\u0094-Ogilvie 50\n\" \" cloth *' 1 00\nMineral Wealth of British Columbia\u00E2\u0080\u0094Dawson 40\nMineral Statistics and Mines Annual Report, 1892 50\nYukon Gold Fields \u00E2\u0080\u0094Bruce 75\nMining in the Pacific Northwest, with maps\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nHodges 60\nMining Laws of B. C \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 25\nSummary Report- of the Geological Survey Department for the year 1891 25\nReport of the Yukon and Mackenzie Rivers\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nMcConnell , .... 40\nMining Resources of Canada 25\nGeneral Infoimation of the Province of British\nColumbia 25\nGlimpses of Alaska, Klondike and the Gold\nFields, a portfolio of views 50\nAlaska Cook Hook, a thoroughly reliable cook\nbook for the camp 60\nHandy Reliable Cook Book, 100 pages 25\nTHOMSON'S PRICE LIST\t\nTHOMSON STATIONERY CO., Ld.\nVancouver, B. C.\nDictionary, vest pocket size, leather, indexed... 50\n\" * \" cloth, \" 35\nRules of Order \" leather 50\nEdison's Handy Cyclopcedia 35\nConklin's \" 35\nRopp's Calculator, the best all round Ready\nReckoner published (pocket form) 60\nChinook Dictionary 25\nAlaska Indian Dictionary '. 30\nChinese-English Phrase Book 2 00\nThonlsoO Stationery\nCompany, Ld. \u00E2\u0080\u0094\u00E2\u0096\u00A0*\"\nPrinters, Lithographers,\nRubber Stamp Manufacturers\nProspectors7 and Miners7 Supplies, etc.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 Placer Gold.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Character; Value; How to prospect; Tools; How to pan; To make a horn.\nWhere to Prospect.\u00E2\u0080\u0094 River; Low bars and\nrapids; Creeks; Gulches; Best claims; Hill claims;\nOld. channels; Vein croppings.\nGeologic Formation.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Likely or not to contain\ngold.\nBlack Sand as an indication.\nMethods of Mining.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Panning; Dry washing;\nRocker; How to build and use it; Self dumper;\nSluice boxes; Rimes; Bedrock drain; Sluice fork;\nChina pump; Shovelling in; Setting the boxes;\nQuicksilver Rime; Ground sluicing; Cleaning up^\nthe bedrock and boxes.\nHydraulic Mining.\nBooming.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Automatic flood gate, or self-shooter.\nDrift Mining.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Where the pay streak is;, Plan\nof working;Tools used in cement and frost;Use of\nlire and. steam; Twist drill; Wooden car.\nCleaning the gold.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Black sand and other minerals; Amalgamating; Cleaning and. retorting\namalgam; Cleaning quicksilver; Sodium amalgam,\ncharacter and use of.\nTesting gold.\nTesting Ore for Silver with Nitric Acid.\n\ Minerals Often Mistaken for Gold. Table of\nspecific gravity.\nFire Tests of Minerals and Metals.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Cupelling.\nQuartz Mining.\nFree Gold Mining Assay.\nArrastra.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Construction and operation of.\nBase Ores.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Gold, silver, lead, copper, with tests\nfor each; Arsenic, etc.\nGroups of rock and Ores Usually Associated.\nPhilosophy of Glaciers as applied to Forming\nPlacers.\nPoints of Mining Law of United States and\nCanada.\nAlaska and the Yukon Region as Reported and\nReasoned out.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Klondike and Stewart rivers.\nFurnace and China Bellows.\nTempering Steel.\nProspector's Outfit.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Hints on cooking, camping\nand cures. Introduction.\nIn offering this little work, I hope to give reliable information, of just the sort desired, by\nthose who are going to gold fields in any part oi\nthe world; and who have neither time nor opportunity to gather and sift it from the various\nsources from which I have obtained it; nor to\nverify it by hard work and experience, as I have\ndone, and thus to separate matters of actual fact\nfrom false theories of titled gentlemen, passing\nthem back without comment for correction. In\ncomposing these pages, I have tried, above all\nthings else, to be brief and truthful and to state\nin common language the facts and principles\nwhich I have found use for in my seven years of\nexperience in mining and and prospecting in the\nwestern half of the Uuited States.\nThere is much that might be added to the subject matter, but it is difficult to make a strictly\nscientific matter plain without the use of technical\nterms, which again would involve an endless tangle of definition. Those, therefore, who desire\ntechnical knowledge, are respectfully referred to\ntechnical works.\nThere is much, also, of petty detail left out, in\nthe belief that it is unnecessary to men of fair intelligence.\nGold Dust\nITS CHARACTER AND VALUE.\nGold,'as found in placer mines, is scarcely ever\npure, and may contain silver, copper, iron lead or\nany other of a dozen metals, each of which makes\na change in its appearance, character and value.\nIt is usually an alloy (that is, a mixture) of gold\nand silver, and is worth at the United States mint\nfrom $20.65 down to as low, in rare cases, as $5.00\nper iroy ounce, United States gold coin being\nworth $18.60 per ounce. It is all shades of color, from silver white\nthrough yellow and red, to black as iron.\nGold is always heavy, being from 12 to 19 1-2\ntimes the weight of the same bulk of water; yet\nthin flakes of it will float after being dried, or\ncoated with grease of any kind.\nIt is nearly always tough and malleable, but is\nsometimes spongy and brittle when it comes from\ndecomposed telluride ores; such, however, is malleable after melting, and is usually high grade.\nHow to Prospect\nIn hunting for gold, some things are indispensable, though experience will suggest a substitute\nfor many very useful tools. The dirt and gravel\nmust be taken up and separated with care from\nthe gold, if you are to know in what quantity the\ngold is present; and for this work the pick,\nshovel and gold pan are the tools commonly used,\nthough, some experienced prospectors take a shovel,\nand hatchet, or knife only, when making a long\ncruise with a light pack; others go still lighter,\nwith a knife and a horn spoon or a tin cup, but\none cannot learn to use such an outfit successfully\nin a week, and they are slow at best.\nThe most important tool for a beginner is a gold\npan, which should be made of one piece, of Russia\niron or sheet steel, pressed into shape and stiffened\nwith a steel wire in the rim. A pressed frying\npan with the handle cut off is a good substitute,\nif there is no grease in it.\nHaving found dirt likely to contain gold, and\nwater with which to test it, take about ten pounds\nof dirt in the pan and put it under the water;\nthen stir it and shake it until the mud is softened,\nand the gravel and sand is loose and clean, washing away the thin mud as fast as you make it;\nNext hold the pan half out of the water at a low\nangle, and shake, roll and dip it in \u00E2\u0096\u00A0such a manner that the heavy parts will sink and the light parts\nwill be washed over the side.\nWhen you have washed it all out but the last\nhandful, or when you begin to see a streak of black\nsand along the edge of the gravel, you should take\ncare not to wash the gold over the side, which can\nbe prevented by holding the pan fiat and shaking\nit occasionally. When you have washed out all\nof the white sand and taken out the pebbles, examine the black sand carefully by rolling it around\nin the pan with water; and if any portion is much\nheavier than the rest, examine that by crushing\nit in your teeth, or other wise; if it is malleable it\nis metal, and unless it is a piece of a bullet, may be.\ngold.\nThe horn, sometimes called the great horn spoon,\nia useful to test a small quantity of dirt or crushed\nore with, where water is scarce. It is used in\nabout the same manner as a pan, and for the same\npurpose. It is made by cutting the outer arc\nfrom a cow's horn and scraping it down thin and\nsmooth, making a boat-shaped tool holding about\nhalf a pint and weighing but a trifle.\nWhere to Prospect.\nHOW TO FOLLOW THE TRACE.\nIn exploring a new country not previously prospected, the all-important question to be determined first is: Is the object you are seeking in the\nregion you are in? The first route of * exploration,\nand often the main line of travel, is along the\nriver; either on the water or along the bank. If\ngame is your object, look for tracks at the places\nof easiest access. If you are seeking gold, the\neasiest place to find the trace is among the boulders\nat the water's edge at low water, and at the head\nof the rapids.\nFind a place on the low bars, where the current\nis strong enough to carry away all the lightest\ngravel when the water is up, but not strong\nenough to tear out the boulders as large as your 5\nhead. If you find a few points of rough bedrock\nsticking up, it is the best in sight. Now, with a\npick or bar, turn out a few boulders and take the\nsand and fine gravel from ..among them and pan it\ncarefully. If you get a large handful of black\nsand, and not a color of gold, try two more such\nbars, and if they yield the same, go down the\nstream, for there is but a very slim chance of any\npay on any branch above.\nIf you get some gold, but not rich to satisfy you,\nthen hunt for some place where you can dig to\nbedrock, and find a layer of coarse gravel on what\nis or has been at some time the head of a rapid.\nDig there and test the gravel,.and also clean out\nthe crevices in the bedrock and wash the dirt. If\nthe pay dirt is not there it is probably up the\nstream; perhaps up some creek or gulch, each of\nwhich you should try as you pass.\nWhen you have found a creek that prospects\nbetter, or yields coarser gold than the river does\nabove the mouth of it, follow it up. Take notice\nas to what kind of rock the gravel is made up of,\nand the nature of the bedrock (see chapter on formation), and when you pass a rapid or find the\nchannel widening out, so as to form a bar on either\nside of the stream, try for bedrock, the same as.\non a river, at both ends of the bar, and don't forget the small gulches.\nThe best claims on a river or large creek are most\nlikely to be where the channel is of moderate width,\nand the bedrock has a natural grade of seven to\neighteen inches to the rod. Deep holes in a channel very -rarely pay for cleaning out, theorists and\nprofessors to the contrary notwithstanding.\nThe best claims on a small gulch are at, and\njust below, the ledges and veins that furnished\nthe gold, due allowance being made for water.\nDiggings are often found on the sides and tops\nof hills, and if water can be obtained for working,\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2they sometimes pay wonderfully. They are of two\nsorts. That is, old channels and vein out-crops. The old channels are where streams have run in\nan earlier age of the earth, and while usually following the same general course as the streams of\nthe present age, they often cross nearly at right\nangles, and in rare cases even run the other way.\nThey may be good, poor or indifferent, but usually\nhave the advantage over the modern channels of\nhaving plenty of dump. Their most common form,\nthat of high bars near present streams, are often\nthe best paying mines in their districts.\nIn some parts of the world they are covered\nwith lava or other volcanic flow, in such a way\nas to puzzle the oldest inhabitant; and it takes,\na fine flow of speech indeed to describe them so\nthat sensible people will think the speaker understands them.\nVein outcrops are usually richer and more profitable than the veins that they lead up to, but not\nalways. Very much depends upon the character\nof the rock, and the gold is often hard to save,\nbeing in all shapes and sizes, and often coated with\nother mineral, or enclosed in rock, which makes\ncrushing necessary.\nGeologic Formation.\nLIKELY OR NOT TO CONTAIN GOLD.\nNearly every miner is more or less tied to his\nown theory as to where gold is likely to be found,\nwhich is the result of his own observation and\nstudy, and, when he finds out, and is compelled to\nacknowledge to himself that his own pet theory\nis wrong, he usually contents himself With that\nproverb of the ancients that \"Gold is where you\nfind it,\" yet it remains a fact, that you are more\nlikely to find it among some kinds of rock than\namong others, and it may be set down as a rule\nthat, when all the rocks you can find in a certain\nregion lie in horizontal layers, Whether they are of\nslate, limestone, sandstone or lava, and the\nboulders in the streams consists of the same mater- ial, it is not worth while to look for gold in that\nregion.\nIf the hills are rounded at the top like haycocks,\nand boulders of porphyry and pieces of quartz\nare common in the streams, the stratified rocks\ndip under the hills, and dykes of porphyry and\nother eruptive rock are common, then gold is likely\nto be found not far away.\nAnd the largest and best mines are usually round\nnear where the longest and strongest traces of\neruptive rock cross that part of the country rock\nwhich carries the gold. And, sometimes it is the\neruptive itself which furnishes all the gold,\nthough its step-mother, the quartz, gets the honor.\nAmong old-time miners it is said that \"quartz\nis the mother of gold,\" and, as a matter of fact,\nwhen both axe found in the same kind of country\nrock, on one hill, they are nearly always both in\nthe same fissure, or vein; though either one may\nbe found with scarcely a trace of the other. Veins\ncontaining gold, however, nearly always contain\neither quartz, iron or talc also, and often all of\nthem, and many other metals, making a rock that\nalmost anyone would recognize as ore, and with\na little practice could readily trace it home, if not\ntoo much scattered. (See base ores.)\nAmong placer miners black sand is said to be\nan indication of gold. As a matter of fact, when\nboth gold and black sand are in the bed of the\nsame stream, where the current throw one they\nwill throw the other also, as both are much heavier\nthan common sand. So, in prospecting a stream, if\nyou get. one in large quantities and none of the\nother, you can take it for granted the other is not\nthere.\nMethods and Appliances.\nPanning, heretofore described, is used in prospecting, in cleaning up and in mining, where only a small amount of dirt is to be handled, and the\nfacilities are not at hand for doing it any other\nway.\nDry washing, practical only in very dry climates,\nis accomplished Avith machines of various sorts,\nwhich it would take a book larger than this to\ndescribe. Most of them utilize the principles of a\nbellows blower, or fanning mill, and screen the dirt\nto different sizes, and blow it away, keeping the\ngold.\nTHE ROCKER.\nThe rocker comes next to the pan in size and\ncapacity, and is very useful in mining on a small\nscale.\nTo build one of the ordinary size takes about\n12 feet of lmber, though they may be made of\nany size desired, according to circumstances and\nmaterial at hand. For the ordinary take a\nclear board 12 inches wide and about 30 inches\nlong for the bottom. For the sides take two\nboards, 12 inches wide at 12 inches from one end\nand tapered to 11 inches at the short end, and three\ninches at the other, and the same length at the\nbottom. For the higher end a board 12 inches\nwide, 1 inch thick, 16 inches long at the top\n14 at the bottom, will make it the right shape.\nAt the lower end put on a cleat not over 11-2\ninches high. By nailing these together in the\nright manner you make a scoop-shaped box, 11\ninches deep at one point and two inches at the\nfarther end, 12 inches wide at the bottom and\n14 at the top. Now take four boards each 4\ninches wide and scant 12 inches long, nail box\nfashion 12 by 14 inches, and cover the bottom\nwith a perforated screen, made by punching one-\nquarter inch holes in a piece of sheet iron. Now\nput cleats in the high end of your box, about 2\ninches from the top, for the screen to rest on, and\nput another across the top to brace it. Next make\nthe apron by tacking a piece of canvas on a frame\nthat is made to fit inside the box on an angle, so that it will catch the sand andr mud that comes\nthrough the screen and carry it to the back end\nof the box. The side bars of the frame should project about 2 inches beyond the canvas at the lower\nend, so that it will not choke up with sand. Now\nput cleats in the high end of your box, about 2\ninches from the top, for the screen to rest on, and\nput another across \u00C2\u00ABthe top to brace it. Next make\nthe apron by tacking a piece of canvas on a frame\nthat is -made to fit inside the box on an angle, so\nthat it will catch the sand and mud that comes\nthrough the screen and carry it to the back end\nof the box. The side bars of the frame should project about two inches beyond*\" the canvas at the\nlower end, so that it will not choke up with sand.\nNow put rockers under 'the box, about six inches\nfrom each end and about three inches high, and\nput a pin in the centre of each to keep it from sliding\nabout on the foundation when tilted from side to\nside. Put a handle on the top of the box to shake\nit with, and if you are going to mine fine gold,\nspread a piece of cloth on the bottom and fasten\nit down with cleats. Set it on a 'smooth foundation\nso that the open end is about three inches lower\nthan the other, and you are ready for work.\n- Now put a shovelful of dirt in the screen and\nP'cur water on it with a dipper, shaking it meanwhile. When the mud is all washed through throw\nout the gravel, but save the big nuggets; also take\nout your apron once in a while and save the contents for panning.\nRocking is the most practical method where the\nnecessary amount of swift running water cannot\nbe had. !\nA self-dumping rocker will handle the dirt much\nfaster than when two men are working together*\nTo build the simplest of the self-dumping rockers\ntake two boxes 3 or 4 feet long and a screen long\nenough to cover the bottom of one of them. The\nboxes should be 12 inches wide and 6 incehs deep,\nwith the end closed, and mounted in a frame on rockers, so that the sand and mud from the upper\nbox. will drop into the head of the lower, while the\ngravel will be carried on and dumped on the\nground. The boxes, being given a grade or slant\nof about 1 1-2 inches to the foot, brings them a\nfoot or so apart at the front end, where the dirt\nand water is put on, and the mud runs out.\nThe screen should be mounted in the upper box,\nan inch from the bottom, and extending 2 inches\nbeyond, so as to waste the gravel, water being\npoured on with a big dipper, as needed, to wash\nthe mud and gold through the holes.\nShallow riffles may be put in if needed, and a\nblanket should be placed in the lower box to catch\nthe fine gold, being fastened down with cleats, or\nother means, as your ingenuity suggests. Such a\nrocker may, under favorable conditions, be made\nto handle four or five yards per day of dirt.\nSLUICE BOXES AND RIFFLES.\nThese are necessary where any large amount of\ndirt and gravel is to be washed and the gold taken\nfrom it. They consist of boxes commonly 12 feet\nlong, though any length may be used, and of what-\nevei size the mine they are made for requires. They\nshould never be less than 10 inches deep and the\nsame wide, and for each 3 inches added to the\nwidth, add 2 to the depth.\nA movable rough bottom, called riffles, is always\nused in them, to give the gold a place to lodge.\nRiffles may be made of any old thing, round poleSj\nlumber, blocks and cobble stones being in common\nuse, the best the writer ever used being 1 by 3\nbattens, set on edge lengthwise of the box, one\ninch apart, wedged fast with small blocks. Heavy\nrocks rolling over them soon wear them out, however, and other styles are used for economy, and\nsometimes they are thought to be better for other\nreasons. For long strings of boxes, where a large\namount of dirt and rock is run through, the\ncheapest style of good riffles, if timber grows near,\nis the block riffle, made by sawing six-inch blocks from a. log and hewing two sides until they are\nthe width of the sluice box, say 18 inches, leaving\nthem round the other way, and setting them on\nend, forcing gravel around them to wedge them\ndown. One or more boxes, at the head, of the\nstring, should have riffles more open, though, to\ncatch the coarse gold. The main ooject to be kept\nin view in making a set of rithes is to furnish a\nhole where the gold can drop in and the running\nwater will wash away the sand, without having\npower to raise the gold.\nIn all styles of washing, a string of boxes at\nleast 20 to 30 feet long should be used, and strings\nof them a mile long are used at some large mines,\nwhere they are cleaned up but once a year.\nPOLE SLUICE.\nWhen no lumber is obtainable for making sluice\nboxes, an inferior substitute, which will serve for\nground sluicing purposes, may be constructed as\nfollows:\nMake a trench, as for boxes, three and a half\nfeet wide, making the bottom smooth and even.\nLay a floor of sacks or canvas, beginning at the\nlower end, and lapping a little. Cover this with\nsmall poles of even size, laying them crosswise,\nLay a straight log about 15 inches in diameter\non each end of these tight against the side of\nthe trench, and stake them down so that the\nwater cannot move them. Hew the inner side so\nthat nothing can catch against it or under them,\nand fill the holes behind with tough clay.\nBED ROCK DRAIN.\nIn working very flat ground it is often desirable\nto drain the water from the mine, or pit, at the\nsame time using the lower part of the pit for dump\nground.\nTo uo this, start a ditch at the lower end, bringing it up on a grade of one inch or ore to the rod,\nuntil bedrock is found, the dirt being shoveled in\nand sluiced away, and the boulders laid in the bottom of the ditch in such a way that the water will\nrun under and between them. A sluice fork should be used, and all the small rock thrown on top of\nthe boulders, thus putting a filter over the drain.\nA sluice fork, which is merely a pitch fork, with\nnine to twTelve tines an inch apart, should be in\nevery placer miner's outfit, it being useful in getting rid of the small gravel when there is not grade\nor dump room to wash it away.\nCHINA PUMP.\nIn working near large streams, it is often desirable to draw off the water from a hole several feet\nlower than the level of the stream. In such a case\nthe China pump often serves to do the work. To\nmake one, make a straight box long enough to\nreach from the bottom of the hole to a point from\nwhich the water will flow away, with a grade of\nabout one foot in three.\nGet a canvas belt, made of strong cloth the\nwidth of the box and long enough, to pass over a\npulley at each end of the box. Make buckets by\nriveting pieces of wood that will just fill the box,\non the belt a foot apart. Operate it by connecting\nthe upper pulley wTith a current wheel in the\nstream, making the current where wanted by wing\ndams if needed.\nShoveling In.\nUSE OF QUICKSILVER RIFFLE.\n... The common, and sometimes the only practical\nway of working low bars and river and creek\ndiggings, is by shovelling in. For this style take\ntwo or more sluice boxes 10 inches wide, fitted with\nriffles of slats, or small poles. If the bottoms of\nyour boxes are made two inches wider at one end\nthan the other, they will be easier to set up and\nmake tight at the joints, for this style requires\nfrequent moving. You can then set the small end\nof one box in the big end of the one below, making\nit tight by shoving them together. Bring enough\nwater through a ditch across the ground to be\nworked to.fill the boxes half or two-'thirds full. 13\nNow set the boxes near the lower end of the ditch,\nso as to take up all the water, and stop the leaks\nwith rags, moss or sod, giving the boxes a grade\nof not less than one-third of an inch to the foot,\na full inch to the foot is the best, if it leaves dump\nenough to carry away the tailings. Shovel in the\ndirt to be washed, not lower than the head of the\nlower box, and let nature do the rest.\nGreat care should be taken at all times, and\nespecially when shovelling in, that the sand does\nnot become packed on top of the riffles when gold\nis going into the boxes, as the water is likely to\ncarry it out through into the tailings.\nThe tailings at the end of the last box should\nbe tested occasionally, and if much fine gold is\npresent, a quicksilver riffle should be put in near\nthe head of the last box. To make this, take a\nstraight box or piece of plank an inch narrower\nthan the box, by two feet long, cut or saw notches\nacross it, a half inch deep and wide, an inch apart,\nbeginning four inches from the upper end. Put\na thin scrip on each side to close the ends of the\nnotches and set in the box with the service in line\nwith the other riffles, put some water in to see\nthat it is not tilted to one side, and then put five\nor ten pounds of mercury in the upper notches,\nand take care not to splash it out by dropping\ngravel on it. If coarse gold is going through, set\nthe box you are shoveling into nearly level, and\ngive those belOw more grade to keep the riffles\nclear, and so that the dirt will be softened before\nit is carried through.\nGround Sluice.\nGround sluicing is the favorite way of working small bars and gulch diggings, where ,a hose\nis not at hand or the water supply is too low\ndown to use one. More grade and dump room\nis needed for this than for shovelling in; also\nmore water, and the dirt can be worked very\nmuch faster. Bring the water across the ground 14\nas for shovelling in, and at the lower end dig a\ntrench on a grade of one or one and a half inches\nto the foot, until the head of it is twp or three\nfeet deep; set a twelve inch or larger sluice box in\nand stop up the leaks, filling the trench with sod\nand rock around the head of the box. Now turn\non the water, and with a pick help it to tear up\nthe earth, throwing the large rock out of the way\nwhen you come to them, sending the mud, sand\nand gravel through the box.\nIf the bed rock pitches to either side, it is well\nto work off the higher part first, as that is hard\nto reach, after the lower part is stripped.\nCleaning Up.\nWhen for any reason it is desirable to clean up,\nstrip all gravel and loose dirt off the bed-rock,\nwashing it down towards the boxes. When that\nis finished turn off the water, sending it around\nsome other way. When the bedrock is dry take\na pick and dig out all the seams and crevices and\nscrape them clean, shovelling the dirt always down\ntoward the box, starting from the highest part.\nWhen the pile of dirt gets too big to handle, turn\non the water and wash it through, putting in the\nlast pile at the head of the box very slowly, to\nkeep from clogging the riffles.\nWhen all the gold from the race above has been\nwashed down and is in the box, turn off all but\na very little water, leaving enough to cover the\nbottom of the box about one fourth of an inch\ndeep, and take up the riffle at the head of the box,\nwashing the mud and sand down very slowly and\nthrowing out the gravel, taking up the last of it\nwith a small scoop and panning it. But do not\ntake up the last riffle while there is running water\nin the box, unless you have a cleat over an inch\nhigh in the tail of the box to catch the gold. i5\nHydraulic Mining.\nIs done in a manner similar to ground sluicing,\nbut the earth is torn up with water, applied from\na nozzle under high pressure, the ditch supplying\nthe water being from 30 to 500 feet above the dirt\nto be washed, the water being conveyed in a pipe\nmade of cotton or iron, according to the pressure,\nsix inches or more in diameter. The cleaning up\nis nearly the same as in grouifd sluicing. But to\ngive a full description of hydraulic mining would\nrequire a large book, and this is a small one to\nbe put into your pocket.\nBooming Out\nBooming is a very old English style of mining,\nand is used to advantage in cleaning out steep,\nnarrow gulches, where labor is expensive and the\nsurface dirt deep. It is accomplished by setting\na string of large, strong sluice boxes in the lower\npart of the gulch, anchoring them firmly to the\nrock, and building a reservoir in the upper part,\nsometimes as much as half a mile distant. A large\ngate is put in, that will let out as much water as\nthe boxes will carry off, usually being made auto-\nma tic, so that it will open When the reservoir is\nfull, letting out a flood of water that takes everything with it while it lasts, and gives the operator\na chance to build walls and shape its course between floods, thus doing away with picking and\npiping except in cleaning up. They are also called\nself-shooters. As the gate might puzzle you to\nbuild, here are the directions:\nBuild a dam of sticks, stones and dirt, placing\nin the bottom of it a covered box one-half the size\nof your sluice boxes: place a gate in the head of\nit, to be opened by lifting. Place an overflow box\non top of the dam, extending over the outside;\nplace a lever there also, hanging the gate on one\nend of it, and a leaky box on the other, in such a i6\nway that the overflow will fill the box and pull\nthe gate up; and when the reservoir is empty,\nthe water having leaked out of the box, the gate\nwill slip down and close the hole, raising the box\nup to catch the next overflow.\nDrift Mining.\nPLAN AND APPLIANCES.\nDrifting is an old and useful method of obtaining the pay streak, or best portion of a bed of\ngravel (which is usually, but not always, near bed\nrock), and though very expensive, is often cheaper\nthan washing the whole bank.\nThe pay streak in all placer mines will be found\non what was the bottom of the channel at the\ntime when the greatest amount of gold was carried\nin; usually in the part where big boulders are\nthickest and black sand most plentiful, and is often\ncovered deep with a deposit containing little or no\ngold, though sometimes the pay is all on the surface.\nHaving found pay dirt which is to be taken out\nby drifting, a tunnel should be run eight or ten\nfeet in width and as high as the pay is thick, care\nbeing taken to get all the pay off the bottom.\nAll of the boulders should be used in building a\nsolid wall on one side of the tunnel or drift, both\nto save hauling out and to hold up the top. After\nbuilding the wall in such a way as to leave a passage about four feet wide on one side, a track\nshould be laid therein on which to run a car or\nwooden truck, and the top cut to a convenient\nheight, say five to seven feet.\nThese drifts should be run parall\napart as they are wide, and when\ntended as far as desired the pillars i\nout by starting at the back end and\ncare not to be in the way when the t\nto fall. A few posts may be used a\ngive the workmen warning, as the tor\n1 an\nd as far\nthey\nare ex-\nlay\nbe taken\ntaki\nng great\n)p gt\n>ts ready\nj int\nfrrvals to\nstar\nbs slowly and the posts will snap when danger begins, and\nsometimes a week before. By keeping a sharp\nlookout for loose boulders in the top and running\nwhen the posts begin to break, fatal accidents\ncan nearly always be avoided.\nIn breaking ground in the drifts various tools\nare used, according to conditions. If the gravel\nis cemented together with lime or other -mineral,\npowder may be used to great advantage, being\ninserted by making a hole with a gopher bar, drills\nbeing used when the cement is hard enough to\nallow it.\nA gopher bar is simply a carpenter's steel pinch\nbar Wav,^ the ends bent an inch or more to one\nside, and is used to make an irregular hole between the boulders.\nIf no cement or frost is present, a pick and a\nbar are all that is needed, but the top is likely to\nbe very treacherous.\nFROST.\nIf the pay gravel is frozen hard and not cemented\nit becomes simply a matter of warming it up past\nthe melting point, as powder is very difficult to use\nsuccessfully. A mixture of clay and gravel, when\nfrozen hard, is about the meanest stuff on earth to\neither drill or blast, and very salty brine must be\nused to keep the mud from freezing.\nThe clay cuts about the same as hard beeswax,\nand when you strike the end of a round stone it\nwil not cut straight with any but a diamond drill.\nIt' is also very tough, and a big charge of black\npowder serves to tear off but a small amount,\nand giant powder will not explode below 40 degrees\nFahrenheit.\nIn drifting frozen ground the method in common use in all parts of the northern hemisphere\nfor melting the ice is that of building fires against\nit, which is a partial success, but not altogether\nsatisfactory, as the fire will smother itself with\nits own smoke, besides causing the top to fall if\nthe drift is long. Steam heat should give satisfaction if properly applied, as the writer used it with shining success for a similar purpose at the Cold Hill\nmill at Quartzburg, Idaho, in January, 1894.\nA large amount of frozen concentrates were to\nbe prepared for treatment by the Mac Arthur-Forrest cyanide process, and an old rubber garden\nhose was attached to the boilers and the other end\nburied in the frozen material, contained in a tank\nabout 30 inches deep by 10 feet square.\nIt was found that by moving the hose frequently\nthe 12-ton charge could be thawed out in one to\ntwo hours. The amount of heat taken up by one\npound of water in being converted into steam is\nnearly equal to that required to melt ten pounds\nof ice, and it will warm a much greater amount of\ndirt.\nAn excellent tool for drilling frozen clay or earth,\neither to insert powder or admit a steam pipe, is\na steel twist drill made by the Prospecting Tool\nCompany, of Stamford, Conn., for whom J. W.\nBradley, of Seattle, is the Pacific coast agent. It\nwill also give good service in prospecting in slate\nor limestone formation, or anywhere that there is\nnot too much quartz or hard rock present, being\nespecially suited to coal mine work. Steel bar\ndrills must be used for getting through rock that\nis very much harder than marble, unless a diamond\ndrill is available.\nWooden Car.\nA car is often wanted in drifting, and in quartz\nmining places where iron trucks and trimmings\nare not to\" be had. A wooden truck built as follows is better than none:\nCut two round sticks ten inches in diameter and\nthree feet long. Find the centre of the ends and\nsaw around them, leaving bearings two inches long\nand two inches in diameter, dressing them true\nand smooth. Cut the flange two inches farther\nback, making the wheel as true as possible eight inches in diameter, two inches tread, with flanges\nart inch high. Cut away the surplus wood'in the\nmiddle of the sticks, leaving only enough for\nstrength. Make a box frame of plank or split\nlagging three feet square, eight inches high, and\ncut notches in two sides, two inches deep, for bearings, two feet apart, and babbitt them with bacon\nrind. Lay a platform on top and set a tub or box\non that, tipping it off .to empty it. Lay a track\nof spli\u00C2\u00A3 poles, with the bark and knots trimmed\noff, 22 inches inside gauge,. and it is ready for\nstraight ahead work.\nBy using only one roller and putting handles on\nthe frame, a very handy truck is made, to carry\ntwice the load of a wheelbarrow.\nCleaning the Gold.\nPREPARING IT FOR MARKET TAKING OUT\nTHE DIRT.\nCleaning up is the part of mining requiring the\ngreatest care and attention, as many heavy and\nworthless minerals are found with gold which are\noften difficult to separate. The most common of these\nis the black sand, consisting of iron oxide, with\nmany impurities. Others are lead ores, 'usually\nwhite or bluish in color. Ores of various other\nmetals are also found in some places. Garnets,\nrubies, sapphires and diamonds are also found\nsometimes. A portion of the^old is usualy coated\nwith some one of the many compounds that interfere with or prevent amalgamation; and, taken\naltogether, it requires a good deal of common sense\nand some scientific knowledge to save the gold and\nclean it well. By careful panning the greater part\nof the dirt may be washed away, and the iron ore\nmay aii be taken out by stirring with a magnet\nunder water; and by sorting and blowing carefully\nthe other dirt may be taken out when it is dry.\nOr,, if the gold is all bright and clean, it can be\nquickly separated by amalgamation with mercury. To amalgamate, pour in with the heavy sand in a\npan about three times as much quicksilver as there is\ngold and rub it hard with your hand, taking care\nfirst that there is no grease present, and shaking\nunder water frequently. Then, by rolling it about\nin the pan, you can collect it all in one lump and\nslip it out into a piece of cloth, washing the sand\nout or leaving it in the pan as you like.\nRetorting.\nTo clean amalgam, grind it in a mortar and wash\nit until it contains no sand, then put it in a piece\nof clean, firm cloth or buckskin and twist and\nsqueeze it until all the free silver is strained out.\nTlien place it an iron retort, which has been coated\nwith chalk inside, wedge the cover down tight and\nset it in the fire, placing the end of the pipe in a\nvessel of water. When the retort has been red-hot\nfor five minutes, 'tap the pipe gently and take it\naway. The quicksilver will be in the water.\nA small retort, suitable for reducing an ounce\nor less of amalgam, may be made of a Scotch clay\npipe and a piece of soft brick. Cut a hole in the\nbrick so that the bowl of the pipe can be inserted\nover half an inch deep, and then glaze the brick\nby burning with salt if you like.\nWrap the amalgam in one thickness of paper,\nput it in the pipe and cover it with the brick.\nClose the joint with a little soft clay and tie a\ncloth around the stem or mouthpiece, forming a\nbag. a.hen burn the brick, keeping the bag wet.\nIf the cover of the retort does not fit tight,\nclose ithe opening by putting in a thin layer of\nclean, stiff clay before doing the cooking. If you\nhave no retort, put the amalgam in an old shovel,\na frying pan or a hollow rock, with a piece of\npaper under it, and heat it red-hot, taking care not\nto inhale any of the fumes, as they are very poisonous. You can thus save nearly all the gold, but you will lose the quicksilver. Care should be\ntaken to heat it slowly until the water is out, or\nit may explode.\nCleaning and Purifying Mercury.\nIf lead is plentiful, either as ore or metal, the\nmercury soon becomes foul from dissolving it, and\ngives all sorts of trouble, looking mouldy and\nstringy and turning the gold black. To clean it,\nkeep it in contact with a strong solution of soda\nor lye, shaking it up frequently when not in use,\nchanging the solution when it gets black.\nCyanide of potassium will clean it more quickly\nand thoroughly in the same manner, but must be\nhandled with care, as it is a deadly poison, and\n. will dissolve almost anything, from gold to boot\nleather.\nSodium Amalgam.\nA most excellent article for cleaning foul quicksilver is sodium amalgam, which, though very ex- .\npensive, is cheaper bought than homemade. It is\na mixture of mercury with metallic sodium, about\nthe consistency of butter, andv for use should be\nfirst mixed with twice its weight or more of mercury. Sodium is a very light metal, obtained from\ncommon salt, which when dropped in water, floats\nand immediately begins to blaze. Burning up a\npart of the water, it becomes caustic soda, and the\nhydrogen released burns in the air, forming steam.\nWhen a little sodium is mixed with a large\namount of mercury it has the effect of reducing\nail the metallic salts present, thus causing the mercury to amalgamate or adhere to any metal with\nwhich it comes in contact, and when water is added it i>s slowly decomposed, and the caustic soda\nformed combines with the lead, zinc and grease\npresent, making them soluble in water.\nCare should be taken when using\" the sodium amalgam on amalgamated plates, as it is very\nliable to cause the gold amalgam to soften and\nslip off, if any is present at the time.\nGold, Silver and Other Minerals.\nPRACTICAL TESTS FOR GOLD.\nQold is malleable, and can be hammered into\nany Shape, cold. It is insoluble, except in mixed\nnitric and muriatic acid, nitric acid and salt,\ncltlorine gas and water, bromide or cyanide of\npotassium. It melts at a white heat, if pure, -and\nmore easily if mixed with silver or lead.\nIt is yellow, with a reddish or green tinge if not\ncolored by other elements.\nTo test it, melt it into a button, hammer it out\nflat and boil it in nitric acid and water for several\nminutes. If it comes out black there was silver in\nit, but heating it red-hot will make it yellow and\nnearly pure. Gold, and nothing else, will stand\nthis test;\nSilver may be detected in ore in a simple way,\nby roasting and crushing and then boiling in nitric\nacid which has been diluted with an equal amount\nof water. The boiling must be done in glass or\nearthenware, as the acid will dissolve iron or copper before it will the ore.\nWhen the acid has dissolved all the soluble metal\nin the ore, pour it off carefully into another vessel,\nleaving the sand and gold, and adding an equal\namount of water and -a large pinch of salt. A\nwhite cloud will be seen if silver is present, which\nmay be precipitated by putting in a piece of iron.\nSeveral things are often mistaken for gold by\nthe uninitiated. Among them are chalcopyrite,\nor copper pyrite, which is easily crushed to a\ndark green powder; iron pyrite, very hard, yields\nblack powder; yellow mica, very light weight,\nsplits in thin scales; streaks of brass from boot\nnails, always on the outside of the rock; shreds\nof copper and brass, from giant caps of elsewhere; ^3\nand also yellow silicate of lead, called packer's\ngold, which is the same weight and color as fine\n*hot, and only determined by melting with borax\nor crushing to powder, which makes the water\nyellow.\nScale of Specific Gravity.\nWhen cleaning up a placer the variety of heavy\niiaterial found often arouses the inquiry: \"What\nis it?\" The following approximate table of speci-\nac gravity, or comparative weights of an equal\nbulk, may help you to guess what it is:\n[nuium 23\nPlatinum 17 to 22\nTure Gold 19.3\nGold Coin 17.6\nNative Gold 12 to 19.5\nMercury 13.6\nPalladium 11.8\nLead 11.4\nSilver 10.5\n, Solder (about) 9\nCinnabar 9\nCopper ' 8.8\nIron 7.7\nGalena 7.6\nTin and Tin Ore 7.3\nZinc 7\nIron Ore 4to 5.5\nRuby and Sapphire 4\nGarnet 3 to 4\nDiamond 3.5\nQuartz 2.5\nOther Stone, Sand and Mica 1.5 to 3\nAluminum 2.6\nWater 1 Fire Test.\nWater weighs a fraction over 64 pounds to the\ncubic foot, 32 cubic feet being a ton, equal to four\nfeet square and two feet deep.\nThe following fire tests may also be useful at\ntimes:\nIridium and platinum are not affected by any\ncommon fire.\nGold, silver and palladium are melted at a white\nheat, without loss, or change.\nMercury is volatilized, or boiled away, at a low\nred heat.\nLead melts at a low heat and oxidizes rapidly,\nforming a blue dress, or litarge, which, if heated\nred, becomes yellow and gives off a thin white\nsmoke, changing again to lead if heated with soda\nand carbon.\nTin melts at a low heat, oxidizing to a gray infusible slag if kept hot. Tin ore infusible.\nCinnabar is composed of mercury and sulphur\nand passes off at a low red heat, forming a very\npoisonous gas.\nCopper turns black, melting at a white heae,.\ngiving the fire a beautiful green color.\nZinc melts at a low heat, and if kept hot tinges\nthe flame green, volatilizing at white heat and\ncoating the surroundings white.\nIron oxidizes at a red heat, becoming an ore similar\nto black sand, which melts to a black glass with\nborax.\nGalena, or lead sulphide, melts at a red heat,\ngiving off a blue flame of burning sulphur. After roasting it is easily reduced to lead by melting\nwith soda and carbon.\nRuby and sapphire are not affected by a common\nfire.\nGarnet is melted to a glass of the same color at\na high red heat. 25\nDiamond is not affected by a common fire, but\nif made hot enough, burns like coke.\nAntimony passes off in thick white smoke, at a\nlow red heat. .\nLead may be taken out of gold and silver by\ncontinued fusion at a white heat on a cupel, or\ncup made of pulverized bone ash; plenty of air\nbeing supplied, the lead is oxidized to yellow litharge and absorbed by the bone ash.\nQuartz Mining.\nFor milling ore on a (small scale on the frontier\nthe arrastra is the prospector's friend. It requires\nmore power for the work done than almost any\nPAN ASSAY OR MILL RUN FOR FREE GOLD.\nTo test quartz or other rock for free milling\ngold crush it in a mortar, or, if that is not at\nhand, pound it in a tin can or on a rock, until it\nis all fine enough to go through a screen, the holes\nof which are one-fortieth of an inch wide, called\n40 mesh. Now pan it carefully and grind the\nheavy concentrates with a little mercury, washing\naway the mud, until the mercury has gathered all\nthe gold present. Next, clean, strain and retort\nthe amalgam and refine the gold by boiling it in\nnitric acid. The gold will then be worth about\n$20 per ounce, if there is no sand in it.\nChemically pure gold, being worth $20.67 per\ntroy ounce, and by treating a twenty- pound sample of average ore, a very close estimate of the\nvalue can be made, the cents in twenty pounds\nequalling the dollars in a ton.\nSmelting ore must be tested by assaying, which\nrequires more apparatus than a prospector can afford to carry. Yet tests on a small scale can be\nmade with a blow-pipe and a spirit lamp or candle,\nand a piece of Charcoal. But that is a science of\nitself.\nThe Arrastra. 26\nother mill, but if properly handled does good\nwork, and can be built almost any place that\nwood, stone, power and water can be had. To\nbuild one, set a good, solid centre post in the\nground and build a tight wall of wood or stone\naround it, at a distance of two to six feet, according to size desired. Lay in the ring thus made\na solid pavement of large cobble stones, with a\nsmall gate in the wall near the top of the pavement.\nMount an upright shaft on the centre post, with\na beam overhead to steady the upper end. Put\narms in the shaft, to reach out almost to the wall,\nabout two feet high. Tie large stones to the ends\nof the arms, so that they will drag on the pavement. Now connect whatever sort of power is\nmost suitable to the circumstances in such a way\nthat it will pull the drags around the ring about\nfour feet per second.\nA great deal of ingenuity and judgment is often\nrequired, to get the best results from the situation\nand material at hand. Having got it in shape to\nrun, put in enough clay and small gravel to cover\nthe bottom two or three inches deep. Pour in\nenougii water to> make it sloppy and run it for a\ncouple of hours or more to mud up all the cracks\nand holes. When ready to grind ore, open the gate\nand let the mud run out, adding more water if\nneeded. When empty close the gate, and without\nstopping the mill, put in enough ore and\nwater to cover the bottom four or five inches deep\nwith a mixture about as thick as mush. Grind this\nuntil the rocks are worn out, say four or five hours,\nand then scatter it over about twice as much mercury as there is gold in it, and after grinding another hour, add enough water to make the mud\nabout as thick as good paste; then run slowly for\nan hour to let the amalgam settle. After that is\ndone, open the gate and let the mud run out,\nwashing it over riffles with plenty of clean' water,\nso that no gold may get away. Put in another\ncharge and repeat until the bottom gets worn 27\nsmooth. To clean up, work off the sand and mud\nas clean as you can, and take out what amalgam\ncan be found in the crevices; then take up the\npavement and wash the rocks and all the material\nbetween in pan or sluice box, laying another rough\nbed for next time.\nBase Ores.\nWHl^H REQUIRE ROASTING OR SMELTING.\nThe base ores of most importance to prospectors\nare those which contain gold, silver, copper or lead,\nin addition to their other elements. They are nearly always accompanied by more or less quartz, and\nfrom one to a dozen different ores are usually found\nin the same vein, being in separate crystals readily\nrecognised by experienced mineralogists; color,\nshape, hardness and weight being the points on\nwhich they differ when found, other differences\nbeing shown when they are heated or melted. As\nit would make this a big book to give all the details, only a few important points are given:\nGold, though usually in the state of malleable\nmetal, also occurs as a telluride, and it is thought\nby many intelligent miners that it occurs in several\nother chemical compounds also, chloride, bromide\nand arsenide being most in evidence. These are\ndoubted by professors, however.\nThe most important telluride, called calaverite,\nis of nearly the color and weight of brass, is soft\nand brittle, and when scratched with a knife yields\na greenish yellow powder; when heated white with\nborax it yields 44 per cent, of its weight pure gold.\nIt is very rare.\nThere are about seventeen other varieties of tel-\nlurides, containing gold in combination with other\nmetals, in different quantities. They are from tin\nwhite to black in color, are each very rare, and all\nrequire smelting for best results.\nSilver occurs metallic or native, and also in a\ngreat variety of ores, being combined with sulphur,\nantimony, chlorine, bromine, tellurium, arsenic and 28\nother elements, and mixed with lead, copper, iron,\nzinc and other metals. The ores of silver are of all\ncolors, those containing much sulphur being dark.\nMILLING ORES\u00E2\u0080\u0094SILVER\nChloride and bromide are of a light color, varying\nfrom blue to white, yellow and brown, and resemble hard wax.\nRuby silver is a red ore of silver and antimony,\nnearly always accompanied by a dark ore of similar nature, which shows a bright red streak When\nscratched, and is sometimes called ruby silver.\nBlack sulphuret of silver, sometimes found in\nsmall cavities in quartz, resembles soot very much,\nand is nearly pure silver, combined with sulphur.\nTo test any of the above, heat the rock white\nhot in a forge, with borax, and plunge in water;\nbeads of silver will then be visible.\nGalena, the most important ore of lead, is lead\nblue in color, about as heavy as iron, soft, brittle,\nusually showing cubic crystals when broken, but\nwhen very rich in silver shows no crystals, and is\ncalled steel galena. It is a compound of 86 per\ncent, metal, with sulphur, and when roasted in a\ncommon fire gives off a blue blaze, metals to a grayish black slag and makes a hole in a frying pan\nvery quickly if that is used to melt it in.\nSmelting Ores.\nGrey copper is an ore or lead, antimony and sulphur, with a large amount of silver and copper in\nit. It is gray to black in color, very soft, brittle,\nand melts like galena, giving off a thick white\nsmoke of antimony when roasted.\nCarbonate of lead is often found on the surface,\nwhere galena will be found deeper down. It is\ngray to white in color, and snaps and flies away\nwhen roasted.\nTo test an ore for lead, if it is dark colored, roast\nit to burn out the sulphur, and mix it after\ncrushing with twice its weight of baking soda and R*\ncarbon, which may be either sugar, flour or charcoal; melt it in a crucible or anything else you have\nat hand, and if it is a valuable lead ore a button\nof lead will be found in the slag, bright metallic\nat first, but soon turning dark in the air. If the\nbutton breaks on bedng, hammered out, either bismuth, antimony or phosphorus is present.\nCopper occurs in a great variety of ores, and is\nusually accompanied by gold and silver, making\na profitable smelting ore or rock.\nBlack oxide of copper is a common and very\nrich ore. It is soft, friable, dull, brownish black,\noften mixed with other minerals, and usually found\nnear the surface only. It is soluble in nitric acid,\nand the solution will deposit copper on iron.\nSulpirides of copper occur in a variety of colors,\nsome like gold, some like lead and others all the\ncolors of a peacock's tail.\nOther ores are carbonate, sulphate, phosphate,\nsilicate and several less common which are known\nto miners as copper stain being green or blue.\nArsenical iron closely resembles pyrite or iron\nsulphide, but is of a lighter yellow, and is sometimes called white iron. It is of little or no value,\nand is a great nuisance in milling or smelting,\nbut it often accompanies good silver and gold rock,\ndetracting several dollars per ton from their value\nby adding to the cost of reduction. It is most\nfrequently found in the neighborhood of eruptive\nrock of dark color.\nZinc blende, also called black jack, is like arsenical iron in value and associations, but is often mistaken for something else. It is yellow to red and\nblack in color, resinous lustre, brittle and yields\nbrown powder when scratched.\nCommon Groups of Rock and Ore\nThe following 'groups of rock and ore are so\ncommon that some take it for granted that those 30\nmentioned in each group are always found associated, but there are many exceptions:\nTalcose slate\u00E2\u0080\u0094Free gold in quartz, with traces\nof tellurium.\nPorphyry containi^ many large crystals\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nCoarse free gold, much iron pyrite, some silver,\nsome copper, lead, zinc.\nPorphyry, fine grained or dark colored\u00E2\u0080\u0094Free gold\nand good concentrating ore, with some arsenic.\nPorphyritic granite\u00E2\u0080\u0094Gold and silver in quartz,\nv\ ith some tellurium and other metals.\nSyenite\u00E2\u0080\u0094Same as above.\nGneiss\u00E2\u0080\u0094Gold, silver, copper, arsenic and other\nmetals, usually smelting ore.\nLimestone\u00E2\u0080\u0094Lead, silver, sometimes gold.\nSlate and soapstone\u00E2\u0080\u0094Coal, serpentine, platinum.\nPorphyry, the most important rock formation to\na prospector, is of eruptive origin, having been\nforced into its present position by volcanic forces,\nbeing usually found in dykes between walls of\nother rocks, which show more or less plainly the\neffect of upheaval. It never contains mica, but\nalways contains crystals of feldspar, or other mineral, and may be of any color, from white, through\nyellow, Ted and green, to nearly black, more or less\nspeckled or spotted.\njLailcose slate is distinguished from common slate\nby a lustrous or glossy appearance.\nGranite is a crystaline rock, consisting of quartz,\nmica and feldspar, in fine or coarse grains.\nFor other rocks consult any standard work on\ngeology, or ask some old miner. The covers of this\nbook are too small for a dictionary.\nPhilosophy of Glaciers.\nAND THE FORMING OF PLACER MINES.\nIn all that region lying north of 37 degrees north\nlatitude on the American Continent some evidence\nof glacial action in forming placer mines, where\nsuch exist, is to be seen, and the farther north the\nplainer the evidence and the more recent the action. 3i\nA glacier is simply the ice and snow which\ngathers around the mountain tops, sliding down\nslowly of its own weight into* the lower regions,\nwhere it melts or breaks off and floats away in\nthe sea as fast as it comes. Its* action serves to\ncrush and grind down its bed and carry away the\ndirt.\nIn nearly every case a moving glacier has a\nstream of water under it, which serves to lubricate\nit and to carry away the mud and sand produced\nby its grinding the bedrock on which it moves. A\nportion of the crushed material, however, is not\nreached by the stream, and this is pushed and'\nrolled along until a convenient pla?e is found for\nit to stop, where it remains, unless cariied on by\nother forces. Deposits of this sort are often seen\non the side of ridges opposite the mountain from\nwhich a glacier has come in some previous age,\ncausing many to wonder how it got there.\nThe stream which runs under a glacier serves\nquite as well for washing and concentrating as\nthough there was no glacier over it: hence; it is\nevident that, when a glacier is grinding down a\ngold bearing vein, the stream undprne^th will be\nforming a pay streak in its channel, which may or\nmay not remain there for all time, according to\nsubsequent conditions.\nThe modern stream which follows a glacier bed\nmay, but often does not, follow the channel of the\nsub-glacial stream, and hence there are surprises\nin store for miners who have not studied the matter closely.\nThe crushed and washed or unwashed detritus\nproduced by a glacier is usually to be seen in\nridges more or less regular, one on*each side of the\nbed called lateral moraines, and others between\ncalled medial moraines; and also heaped up where\nthe lower end has rested, called terminal moraines,\nabove whish lakes are often seen.\nThis detritus nearly always contains a little gold,\nif any is in the country it came from, but until\nwashed and concentrated by running streams, very rarely pays for mining. It very often covers the\nrich sub-glacial pay streak, however, in such a way\nthat no indication can be seen on the surface, and\nthen, when found, old miners say: \"Gold is where\nyou find it.\"\nThe Yukon Country as Reported.\nJust at the present time the most interesting\nsubject connected witih mining matters, and the\none on which it is the most difficult to get reliable\ndata, is Alaska and the Yukon basin. Many reports, much mingled with \"moonshine,\" are at\nhand, but it is very difficult to pan it down and\nsave only the truth. Here are some concentrates,\nhowever, which appear to be good, and they are\nsubmitted to time for refining, the authorities for\nmost of it being rumor and reason:\nThere are three known belts of gold -bearing\nformation crossing the northwest country, in a\ndirection north by west and south by east. The\nbest known runs from the southeast coast, near\nJuneau, through and down the Yukon Valley to\nPorcupine River, and no man knows how much\nfarther.\nAnother, but little known, appears to lie between the upper part of the Copper River and the\nTanana River basin.\nThe third, and least known, from Kotzebue\nSound, southeasterly across the western part of\nAlaska,\nOf these last two not enough even of rumor is\nat hand to warrant saying anything more than\nthat there is gold there, which is not yet claimed or\nowned Jby men or corporations.\nOn the eastern, or best known belt, mining has\nbeen carried on for many years, the Tread well mine\non Douglas Island, near Juneau, having the largest\nstamp mill in the world. It is also known that there\nare many other large mines in that region, which\nonly await capital and proper management to yield\nmuch gold. A great deal of arsenic .is^present in the ore, which, with other base minerals, prevents\nthe college-bred miners, usually sent out by large\n\u00C2\u00AB corporations, from working it successfully, at least\nuntil they have had the conceit taken out of them,\nand by that time the company is usually broke.\nThe placer regions on the upper tributaries. of\nthe Yukon River have also been worked in a superficial way for several years, but owing to the short\nsummer and the enormous cost of supplies, very\nlittle has been accomplished in the way of deep\nmining or prospecting, except during the last year\nor two.\nThe class of work that has been done there in\npast years is little more than skimming, the bedrock having seldom been reached except where it\nis very close to the surface.\nIn the Autumn of 1896 very rich gravel was discovered on the small creeks tributary to the lower\npart of Klondike River, and, as the surface detritus\ncovering the bedrock is only from twelve to twenty\nfeet deep, and frozen solid, the effect will be the\nopening of a new era in the development of Alaska\nand the far north in general.\nThe region known to be rich at present, according\nto best reports obtainable, is ten or fifteen miles\nsquare, and there are all sorts of good reports as to\na much greater area, and other regions will most\nlikely develop well when tested.\nThe country rock throughout the region from\nJuneau north, where gold has been found, is\nmetamorphic or sedimentary, much cut up with\ndykes and larger upheavals of eruptive rock, slate,\nlimestone, diorite, andesite, porphyry, lava and\nothers being reported.\nOn the rich gulches near the Klondike the bedrock is reported to be slate, with plenty of evidence\nof volcanic upheaval to be found, especially near\nthe summit of the divide between the Klondike\nRiver and Indian River, where the rich gulches\nhead. It is also reported that there is but little\ngold in the Klondike River itself.\nIt is also reported that the same character of rock 34\nformation crosses the Stewart River near the fork\ncalled McQuestin Creek, and that good wages have\nbeen made skimming the low bars on the river in\nthat region, only the best being worked.\nNo report of work on the bedrock, or high bars\nis at hand, nor is there any report as to> the hill\ncountry between there and Klondike, a distance of\nabout 150 miles, having been prospected.\nThe whole region, where not timbered, is covered\nwTith a coat of moss averaging six inches thick, and\nthe rocks are literally \"out of sight.\"\nHints on Camp Life.\nWhen your picks are dull and there is no forge\nnear, this may be worth doing: .\nBuild a round furnace a foot in diameter and\nabout three feet high, leaving a small hole at the\nbottom and another four inches above, using small\nrock and mud for the wall.\nMake a fire inside and fill up the furnace to the\ntop with dry chips and blocks.\nStick your axe in the top of a stump in such\na way that you can use it for an anvil, and get\nyour hatchet or hammer. When the lower part of\nthe furnace is full of hot coals shove the point\nof your pick or drill in the upper hole and do the\nrest as a blacksmith would.\nThe Chinese have a style of bellows, or air\npump, for use in blacksmithing which can be made\nalmost anywhere or of any material, and is better\nthan none. T^o make it, make a straight box eight\nor ten inches square, about three feet long, with\nthe inside planed smooth. Put a piston in it\nand an intake valve at the closed end. A truyere\nand pipe and a handle and guide for the piston rod\nmakes it complete.\nTo temper good steel, heat it to cherry red and\nplunge the part you wish to harden in water, ice or\ntallow, Which will make it white and brittle, while\nthe part above should be a dull red. Let the\nheat pass into the hard part, and as it toughens the color will change, first to straw color or razor\ntemper, second to light blue, or knife and spring\ntemper, third to drab or pigeon blue, which bends\nbefore it breaks, and fourth, black, slightly mal*\n\"^\nWh\u00C2\u00AB\niave the temper desired, plunge it\nire not to harden it where it should\nOutfit for Exploring.\nA prospector's outfit for taking a first look at\na new district consists of i clothing and bedding according to the season, provisions for the trip, allowing two or three pounds per day, a frying pan,\nwith which to fry meat and bake bread, a couple\nof cans or very light pots for boiling, tin plate,\nknife, fork and cup, a gold pan, a light pick and a\nshovel. It is well to remember that the lighter\nyour pack the more country you can examine in\na given length of time, provided your supplies are\nsufficient to maintain health; a few fish hooks, and,\nif game is plentiful, a light rifle or shotgun are.\nworth carrying.\nBy building a wickiup in a dry place, just big\nenough to roll under, leaving one side open and\nmaking a log fire alongside, a very light bed is\nmade sufficient in ordinary weather. To build the\nwickiup, set up two forked sticks about two feet\nhigh and seven feet apart and lay a pole therein;\ngather bark or sticks and moss to roof it over,\nabout three feet wide, using a six-inch log for the\nback. Put in a few inches of dry grass or leaves\nand spread your bed diner on that. By using a lit\ners the 'neat from tin\n11.\nMake\nopposite\niddle, and the 1c\nece ot camp furniture\nwen feet by eight. Si\nalter tent, pack cover and blanket. It should have loops sewn to it at\nthe corners and on the border.\nTo make a cot of it, lace two sides together with\na light rope and put in two poles for side bars.\nStretch it by bracing the poles apart and rest the\ncorners on anything handy:\nA waterproof match box may be made by putting\ntwo brass shells together of nearly the same size;\n44 and 45 calibre cartridges make the small ones,\n8 and 10 gauge shotgun shells the larger ones.\nRecipes for Camp Cooking.\nTo bake prospector's bread, put a pint of flour\nin the gold pan, add a pinch of salt, a teaspoonful\nof baking powder, a spoonful of sugar, and mix\nit well together, then add a cup of cold water, mix\nand knead into stiff dough. Grease the frying\npan and get it hot, then press half of the dough\ninto the bottom of the pan, making it a little thinner in the centre than around the sides; set the pan\non some hot coals until a thin crust forms on the\nbottom, so that it will slip in the pan; now set it\nat an angle, facing the fire, putting any old thing\nunder the handle to hold it up, having a fire that\nwill turn it brown in ten or fifteen minutes, tossing\nit as needed.\nFor hunter's bread have your flour, salt and baking powder mixed together in a sack in these proportions: Flour, 5 pounds; good baking powder,\n2 ounces; salt, 1 ounce. Roll down the top of the\nsack even with the flour, press the flour down with\nthe hand, making a hole in the middle; pour into\nthe hole half a pint of cold water, mix and knead\ninto a stiff dough, and bake by placing in thin\nloaves on clean, hot rocks, or by holding it before\nthe fire in small lumps on a ramrod.\nBOILED\nBI\nJANS, ]\nPACKI\n]R'S STYLE\nPU\nice a vess(\n?1\nof wate\nr on 1\nhe fire, and\nwhen\nit boils put in\ner\nLOUgh c\nlean b\nBans for one\nmess.\nThen\nset it off\nin\ni let it\nstand\nabout five mi\nnutes.\nPour\nin cold w\nate\nr until\nyou c\nin bear your\nhand 37\nin them, and then rub the beans between your\nhands until the hulls come off. Pour off the hulls\nand water and put the beans in fresh water and\nboil for twenty minutes, while you are getting\nthe other things ready. Serve with fried bacon.\nMountain baked beans\u00E2\u0080\u0094Take a kettle or tin\npail, with a close-fitting cover, and fill it one-third\nfull of clean beans. Fill it up with water and set\nnear the fire to boil. Now dig a hole in a dry place\ntwice the size of the pot and build a hot fire in it.\nWhen the beans have swelled and risen in the pot,\npour off the water and fill it up with fresh water,\nadding sugar and salt to taste. Take fat bacon or\nsalt pork, cut it into strips, while the kettle is\ngetting hot again, and parboil it in the frying pan,\nand when the pot is boiling and the fire in the hole\nis burned down, put it in. Set the pot in the hole\nand fill up around it with red-hot coals; you will\nthink the pot is going to melt, but that's all right.\nNow be sure to put a bunch of green twigs and\nleaves on top, two or three inches deep; green fir\nbrush is the best, and cover up well with hot ashes\nand dirt, and lay a stone on top. Now go away\nand don't touch it for four hours, and as much\nlonger as you like, fourteen hours being the proper\ntime. When you come in you will find it still\nwarm and juicy, if the hole was hoi, the cover green\nand the lid tight. Treat your pot roast of venison\nor bear the same way.\nROAST BIRD, REFUGE STYLE.\nFirst get your bird, either chicken, duck, goose\nor grouse. Draw the entrails and insert salt to\ntaste; also a handful of cornmeal or bread crumbs.\nFold the legs, wings and neck close, and tie them\nwith bark, vine or string, roll it up in sticky mud\nan inch thick, and bury it deep in red-hot ashes,\nleaving it there for an hour, or until the mud gets\ndry and cracks open. You will then find it nicely\nbaked, and the feathers will come off with the\nmud. 38\nPHILOSOPHY OF FERMENTED BREAD.\nThe making of leavened bread is an art almost\nas old as, and perhaps older than history. It may\nbe adapted to almost any circumstances, If the\nchemistry of it is understood.\nTo make it good, a thick paste is made of flour\nand water, with such other stuff as the cook sees\nfit to add, salted to taste. This paste must be\ninduced to ferment, which may be done in a variety,\nof ways, and a part of the starch in the flour,\nchanged to alcohol and carbonic gas, which makes\nit foam. The cause of fermentation is a microscopic vegetable growth, the germ or seed of which,\nis found in a great variety of things, and is cultivated for use and called yeast; or may easily be\ncaught from the atmosphere in low, warm climates;\nbut not so easily in high mountains or very cold\nregions, as it thrives and works best at 80 degrees\nto #0 degrees F., and is killed at 180 degrees.\nWhen making the paste add a little yeast, either\nfresh or from the last mess; or, if you have none,\na portion of ripe raw fruit, grape or apple preferred;\nor spit on it, or put in fresh blood or urine, as the\nChinese do, and set it where it will keep moderately\nwarm until it foams up to nearly twice its bulk,\nbut do not let is stand too long, or the alcohol will\nbecome vinegar, wThich must be neutralised by adding soda or other alkali.\nNext take a suitable pan or trough and put in\nas much flour as you have of the yeast or paste,\nmaking room in the centre to pour it in and mix\nthem. When you have them mixed, stiff enough\nto handle, take it on a board, and roll and knead\nit, working in all the flour you can, until it is\nstiff. Then put it back in\nuntil it cracks open. Ther\nit again until it is stiff, an<\nof a size to fit your pan <\ninches thick. Make biscu\nit to rise as before. When\ntl\nle pan and let it rise\nI t\nake it out and knead\n1 n\nlake it up into loaves\n>r\noven, and about two\nit\nif you like, and set\nit\nis as'light as desired,\n?k,\nput it in a suitable 39\noven and regulate the heat to bake it brown in\nabout an hour.\nIf at any stage of the rising the fermentation\ngoes too far, acid will be formed and the bread\nwill be sour and heavy; but a little soda will\nneutralise it, if well kneaded in.\nA piece of the dough or a little of the paste\nserves for yeast for the next time.\nA handful of sugar put in at the last kneading\nwill make it sweet loaf or rolls.\nIf the paste or yeast becomes sour from neglect,\nor if it is not desired for bread when it is ready\nto mix, it will make good hot cakes.. Enough\nsoda must 'be added to neutralise the acid, which\nis largely a matter of guess work based on experience and taste. If the first cake is sour, stir\nin more soda. If it is yellow, add a little vinegar.\nFor more extended Cooking\" Recipes see the\n\"Alaska Cook Book\" specially arrranged for Camp\nCooking*, to be had from Thomson Stationery Co.,\nVancouver, B. C. Price 60c\nCures for Illness*\n, When attacked with cramps in the bowels, which\nis likely to happen as the result of exposure or\ndrinking ice water, or eating snow when hungry,\na y,ery good remedy for 'immediate use is Jamaica\nginger, a small vial of which is carried by many\nmail carriers on snow-shoe routes.\nIf the cramps are not relieved with a couple of\nsmall doses no more should be taken, as it may\ncause other trouble and make a bad matter worse.\nThe best remedy is to get to camp as soon as possible and wrap up in a blanket and sit on a very\nhot board until the pain is relieved, taking a\nwarm drink or two, and then go to bed.\nFor diarrhoea, which often results from improper\ndiet and other causes, a most effective and permanent cure is jack oak acorns, eaten alone in large\ndoses. Another, which is very effective, and always\nat hand, but should not be repeated often, is this: \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 40\nMix a teaspoonful of black pepper and two tea-\nspoonfuls of flour with water into a paste and\naWhen your blood is too thick to circulate and\nyour arms or feet \"go to sleep,\" or you feel chilled\nby a fog, eat half a teaspoonful of cayenne pepper\nirl a paste, or as you like it. This will thin your\nblood and warm you up, but should not be taken\nmore than once a week.\nWhen troubled with cold feet, damp socks or toe\njam, from too much sweating of the soles, give\nyour feet a warm bath and finish by rubbing them\nwell with snow or cold water and wiping them\ndry. This will induce a healthy circulation in the\nskin and close the pores. The feet should never be\nwarmed by a fire, except in cases of invalids, who\nare not exposed to the weather and do not take\nenough exercise to sweat.\nWhen the ordinary mosquito is troublesome, gum\ncamphor is useful, as it is offensive and poisonous\nto them.\nMoisten the skin where it is exposed with tincture of camphor, which is camphor dissolved in\nalcohol, and the stronger it is the better.\nBacon grease will also do some good, if the other\nis not at hand, and will keep off ticks, gnats and\nflies also. Eucalyptus oil is also very effective and\nHints on Packing.\nharmless.\nIn many parts of the world domestic animals\nare not available for transportation at certain seasons, and in some parts they are not at any season.\nUnder such circumstances it often becomes necessary to carry the load yourself, which is a tiresome job, the best that can be done with it. Nearly\nall men can carry a load with greatest ease if it is\nplaced on their back, high up between their shoulders, and held there by straps or loops passing over\nthe shoulder and under the arm in such a way\nthat the pull comes on the breast and collar bone. 41\nMany .afferent styles and shapes of pack straps\nand man saddles have been invented, and used\nwith more or less satisfaction. The simplest of\nthese is a grain sack with a soft rope about four\nfeet long. Tie the ends of the rope at the lovver\ncorners of the sack, put in your load and take a\ndouble hitch around the upper part of the sack,\nclose to the load as possible with the middle of the\nrope, and put your arms through the loops.\nA pack saddle, to be satisfactory, must be\nflexible, and rest as evenly as possible on the back\nand shoulders, with no extra weight over the\nkidneys, nor below the short ribs.\nCanadian Mining Laws.\nIn the British dominions all mineral-bearing\nland is held to belong to the Crown. The exclusive\nright to work and to use it is granted for limited\nperiods of time, under prescribed rules and regulations, with such fees and charges as best suits the\nGovernment.\nThe different provinces are under different regulations, as seem best suited to varying conditions,\nwhich are changed from time to time.\nThere is no appeals from the decisions of the Gold\nCommissioner, but there are heavy penalties in the\nway of forfeitures for any disregard of his commands.\nA quartz claim in British Columbia or the North'\nWest Territory is 1,500 feet square, the corners being all right angles, and overlapping claims are\nstrictly forbidden.\nThe regulations governing placer mining prescribe claims of various sizes, according to situation\nand richness of district, and are changed from time\nto time to suit changing conditions.\nDevelopment work must be carried on continuously on mining claims. Absence or suspension of work for more than 72 hours, except in\ncases of sickness, forfeits the claim, unless leave of\nabsence has been granted by the Gold Commissioner. 42\nAll persons employed in or around mines on\nCrown lands are required to pay a license fee annually, and to keep the receipt therefor, called a\nminer's certificate, in their possession.\nFailure to pay the license on part of owner or\nemployee forfeits the owner's rights in the mine.\nFree miners, meaning persons over 18 years of\nage, and corporations, who have paid the license,\nare permitted to kill game, cut timber for mining\nand boat building purposes and to find, claim and\nwork mines on Crown lands.\nAt the present time the free miner's license in\nthe North West Territory, or Yukon district, is $10\nper year. Notices of location must be recorded\nand a fee of $15 paid.\nGulch claims may cover 250 feet of the gulch,\nand other claims are in proportion.\nEach alternate group of ten claims are reserved\nfor use and sale by the Government.\nA royalty tax of 10 per cent, must be paid on\nthe output in excess of $2,500 per year from each\nclaim, the sum of $2,500 from each claim being\nexempt.\nU. S. Mining Laws.\nThe following points of United States mining\nlaw are worth taking along:\nA placer claim may cover twenty acres or less,\nand may be based on discovery of gold dust, stream\ntin, cinnabar or other valuable mineral not in place.\nAll angles in the lines of placer claims shall be\nplainly marked on the ground with posts or monuments of stone.\nA notice shall be placed on the claims stating:\nName of claim, name of locator, date of location,\nand describing boundaries and landmarks, so that\nthey may be readily found by other persons.\nOne hundred dollars worth of labor and improvements shall be expended on each claim of twenty 43\nacres or less, each year. Expenditure of $500 must\nbe made on each claim before a patent shall be\nissued.\nNone but citizens of the United States, or those\nwho have declared their intention of becoming\nsuch, may locate or hold a claim on any United\nStates Government land.\nAliens may *lease mines, or other sources of\nwealth, on the public domain; but by purchase do\nnot obtain valid title or claim thereto, unless\npatent rtas first been issued to a citizen or corporation.\nQuartz claims shall not be more than 1,500 feet\nlong on the course of a vein, or ledge, nor more\nthan 300 feet wide on either side thereof; nor shall\nmore than one claim be made on one discovery\nof mineral-bearing rock in place.\nA quartz claim is not valid unless mineral bearing rock is found in place.\nCoal and iron ore are not subject to the laws\napplying to quartz mines.\nA notice of location shall be placed at point of\ndiscovery, and shall state name of locator, name\nof claim, date of location, and describe boundaries\nand course of centre line.\nWater rights may be obtained by posting a\nnotice of intention to use at the point wnere the\nwater to be diverted from its natural bed of course,\nstating amount of water claimed, purpose for which\nit is to be used, place of use, method of diversion\nand name and residence of claimant; and by diverting said water within a reasonable time, according\nto the amount thereof.\nNon-use of a ditch or other method of diversion\nfor three consecutive years forfeits the water right\nconnected therewith; but all improvements on the\npublic domain are personal property of the owner.\nGbomeon Stationer? Co., Id.\nVancouver, B. C.\nIprospectors' an\u00C2\u00A3> ^Bitters' Supplies, etc. THOMSON\nSTATIONERY CO., ld.\nVANCOUVER, B.C.\nstationers, printers,\nLithographers, etc. \u00E2\u0096\u00A0 -\u00E2\u0080\u0094,\nREGULATIONS\nGoverning Placer Mining in the Provisional\nDistrict of Yukon, Northwest\nTerritories.\n(Approved by Order in Council of 18th Jan., 1898.)\nINTERPRETATION.\n\"Free miner\" shall mean a male or female over\nthe age of eighteen but not under that age, or\njoint stock company, named in, and lawfully possessed of, a valid existing free miner's certificate,\nand no other.\n\"Legal post\" shall mean a stake standing not less\nthan four feet above the ground and flatted on two\nsides for at least one foot from the top. Both sides\nso flatted shall measure at least four inches across\nthe face. It shall also mean any stump or tree cut\nolf and flattejd or faced to the above height and\nsize.\n\"Close season\" shall mean the period of the year\nduring which placer mining is generally suspended.\nThe period to be fixed by the Mining Recorder in\nwho^e district the claim is situated.\n\"Mineral\" shall include all minerals whatsoever\nother than coal.\n\"Joint Stock Company\" shall mean any company incorporated for mining purposes under a\nCanadian charter or licensed by the Government of\nCanada.\n\"Mining Recorder\" shall mean the official appointed by the Gold Commissioner to record applications and grant entries for claims in the Mining\nDivisions into which the Commissioner may divide\nthe Yukon District.\nFREE MINERS AND THEIR PRIVILEGES.\n1. Every person over, but not under eighteen\nyears of age, and every joint stock company, shall be entitled to all the rights and privileges of a free\nminer, under these regulations and under the regulations governing quartz mining, and shall be considered a free miner upon taking out a free miner's\ncertificate. A free miner's certificate issued to a\njoint stock company shall be issued in its corporate\nname. A free miner's certificate shall not be trans- g\nferable.\n2. A free miner's certificate may be granted for\none year to run from the date thereof or from the\nexpiration of the applicant's then existing certificate, upon the payment therefor of the sum of\n$10.00, unless the certificate is to be issued in favor\nof a joint stock company, in which case the fee\nshall be fifty dollars for a company having a\nnominal capital of $100,000 or less, and for a company having a nominal capital exceeding $100,000,\nthe fee shall be one hundred dollars. Only one\nperson or joint stock company shall be named in\na certificate.\n3. A free miner's certificate shall be on the following form:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nDOMINION OF CANADA.\nFree Miner's Certificate.\n(Non-transferable)\u00C2\u00BB\nDate No\t\nValid for one year only.\nThis is to certify that of has\npaid me this day the sum of and is\nentitled to all the rights and privileges of a free\nminer, under any mining regulations of the Government of Canada, for one year from the\t\nday of. ....18\t\nThis certificate shall also grant, to the holder\nthereof the privilege of fishing'and shooting, subject to the provisions of any Act which has been\npassed, or which may hereafter be passed for the\nprotection of game and fish; also the privilege of\ncutting timber for actual necessities, for building\nhouses, boats, and for general mining operations;\nsuch timber, however, to be for the exclusive use of the miner himself, but such permission shall\nnot extend to timber Which may have been heretofore or which may hereafter be granted to other\npersons or corporations.\n4. Free miner's certificates may be obtained by\napplicants in person at the Department of the\nInterior, Ottawa, or from the agents of Dominion\nLands at Winnipeg, Manitoba; Calgary, Edmonton,\nPrince Albert, in the North West Territories; Kam-\nloops and New Westminster, in the Province of\nBritish Columbia; at Dawson City in the Yukon\nDistrict; also from agents of the Government at\nVancouver and Victoria, B. C, and at other places\nwhich may from time to time be named by the\nMinister of the Interior.\n5. If any person or joint stock company shall\napply for a free miner's certificate at the agent's\noffice during his absence, and shall leave the fee required by these regulations, with the officer or\nother person in charge of said office, he. or it shall\nbe entitled to have such certificate from the 'date\nof such application; and any free miner shall at\nany time be entitled to obtain a free miner's certificate commencing to run from the expiration of\nhis then existing free miner's certificate, provided\nthat when he applies for such certificate he shall\nproduce to the agent, or in case of his absence shall\nleave with the officer or other person in charge of\nthe agents office, such existing certificate.\n6. If any free miner's certificate be accidentally\ndestroyed or lost, the owner thereof may, on payment of a fee of two dollars, have a true copy of\nit, signed by the agent, or other person by whom\nor out of whose office the original was issued. Every\nsuch copy shall be marked \"Substituted Certificate\" ; and unless some material irregularity be\nshown in respect thereof, every original or substituted free miner's certificate shall be evidence of\nall matters therein contained:\n7. No person or joint stock company will be\nrecognised as having any right or interest in or to\nany placer claim, quartz claim, mining lease, bed- rock flume grant, or any minerals in any ground\ncomprised therein, or in or to any water right, mining ditch, drain tunnel, or flume, unless he or it\nand every person in his or its employment shall\nhave a free miner's certificate unexpired. And on\nthe expiration of a free miner's certificate the\nowner thereof shall absolutely forfeit all his rights\nand interest in or to any placer claim, mining lease,\nbed-rock flume grant, and any minerals in any\nground comprised therein, and in or to any and\nevery1 water right, mining ditch, drain, tunnel, or\nflume, which may be held or claimed by such owner of such expired free miner's certificate, unless\nsuch owner shall, on or before the day following the\nexpiration of such certificate, obtain a new free\nminer's certificate. Provided, nevertheless, ^ that\nshould any co-owner fail to keep up his free miner's\ncertificate, such failure shall not cause, a forfeiture\nor act as an abandonment of the claim, but the\ninterest of the co-owner who shall fail to keep up\nhis free miner's certificate shall, ipso facto, be and\nbecome vested in his co-owners, pro rata according\nto their former interests; provided, nevertheless,\nthat a shareholder in a joint stock company need\nnot be a free miner, and, though not a free miner,\nshall be entitled to buy, sell, hold, or dispose of any\nshares therein.\n8. Every free miner shall, during the continuance of his certificate, but not longer, have the\nright to enter, locate, prospect, and mine for gold\nand other minerals upon any lands in the Yukon\nDistrict, whether vested in the Crown or otherwise, except upon -Government reservations for\ntown sites, land which is occupied by any building,\nand any land falling within the curtilage of any\ndwelling house, and any land lawfully occupied\nfor placer mining purposes, and also Indian reser-\n' vations.\n9. Previous to any entry being made upon lands\nlawfully occupied, such free miner shall give adequate security, to the satisfaction of the Mining\nRecorder, for any loss or damage which may be 5\ncaused by such entry; and after such entry he shall\nmake full compensation to the occupant or owner\nof such lands for any loss or damage which may be\ncaused by reason of such entry; such compensation,\nin case of dispute, to be determined by a court having jurisdiction in mining disputes, with or without\na jury.\nNATURE AND SIZE OF CLAIMS.\n10. A creek or gulch claim shall be 250 feet long\nmeasured in the general direction of the creek or\ngulch. The boundaries of the claim which run in\nthe general direction of the creek or gulch shall be\nlines along bed or rim rock three feet higher than\nthe rim or edge of the creek, or the lowest general\nlevel of the gulch within the claim, so drawn or\nmarked as to be at every point three feet above\nthe rim or edge of the creek or the lowest general\nlevel of the gulch, opposite to it at right angles to\nthe general direction of the claim for its length,\nbut such boundaries shall not in any case exceed\n1.000 feet on each side of the centre of the stream\nor gulch. (See Diagram No. 1.)\n11. If the boundaries be less than one hundred\nfert apart horizontally, they shall be lines traced\nalong bed or rim rock one hundred feet apart\nhorizontally, following as nearly as practicable the\ndirection of the valley for the length of the claim.\n(See Diagram No. 2.)\n12. A river claim shall be situated only on one\nside of the river and shall not exceed 250 feet in\nlength, measured in the general direction of the\nriver. The other boundary of the claim which runs\nin the general direction of the river shall be lines\nalong bed or rim rock threQ feet higher than the\nrim or ledge of the river within the claim so drawn\nor marked as to be at every point three feet above\nthe rim or edge of the river opposite to it at right\nangles to the general direction of the claim for its\nlength, but such boundaries shall not in any case be less than 250 feet, or exceed a distance of 1,000\nfeet from low water mark of the river. {See Diagram No. 3.)\n13. A \"hill claim\" shall not exceed 250 feet in\nlength, drawn parallel to the main direction of the\nstream or ravine on which it fronts. Parallel lines\ndrawn from each end of the base at right angles\nthereto, and running to the summit of the hill\n(provided the distance does not exceed 1,000 feet),\nshall constitute the end boundaries of the claim.\n14. All other placer claims shall be 250 feet\nsquare.\n15. Every placer claim shal be as nearly as\npossible rectangular in form, and marked by two\nlegal posts firmly fixed in the ground in the manner\nshown in diagram No. 4. The line between the two\nposts shall be well cut out so that one post may,\nif the nature of the surface will permit, be seen\nfrom the other. The flatted side of each post Shall\nface the claim, and on each post shall be written\non the side facing the claim, a legible notice stating\nthe name or number of the claim, or both if possible, its length in feet, the date when staked, and\nthe full christian and surname of the locator.\n16. Every alternate ten claims shall be reserved\nfor the Government of Canada. That is to say\nwhen a claim is located, the discover's claim and\nnine additional claims adjoining each other and\nnumbered consecutively will be open for registration. Then the next ten claims of 250 feet each\nwill be reserved for the Government, and so on.\nThe alternate group of claims reserved for the\nCrown shall be disposed of in such manner as may\nbe decided by the Minister of the Interior.\n17. The penalty for trespassing upon a claim\nreserved for the Crown, shall be immediate cancel] ation by the Mining Recorder of any entry or\nentries which the person trespassing may have obtained, whether by original entry or purchase, for\na mining claim, and the refusal by the Mining\nRecorder of the acceptance of any application\nwhich the person trespassing may at any time make for a claim. In addition to such penalty, the\nMounted Police, upon a requisition from the Mining\nRecorder to that effect, shall take the necessary\nsteps to eject the trespasser.\n18. In defining the size of the claims, they shall\nbe measured horizontally irrespective of inequalities on the surface of the ground.\n19. If any free miner or party of free miners\ndiscover a new mine, and such discovery shall be\nestablished to the satisfaction of the Mining Recorder, creek, river, or hill, claims of the following\nsize shall be allowed, namely:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nTo one discoverer, one claim, 500 feet in length.\nTo a party of two discoverers, two claims,\namounting together to 1,000 feet in length.\nTo each member of a party beyond two in number, a claim of the ordinary size only.\n20. A new stratum of auriferous earth or gravel\nsituated in a locality where the claims have been\nabandoned shall for this purpose be deemed a new\nmine, although - the same locality shall have been\npreviously worked at a different level.\n21. The forms of application for a grant for\nplacer mining, and the grant of the same, shall be\nthose contained in Forms \"H\" and \"I\" in the\nschedule hereto.\n22. A claim 'shall be recorded with the Mining\nRecorder in whose district it is situated, within ten\ndays after the location thereof, if it is located within ten miles of the Mining Recorder's office. One\nextra day shall be allowed for every additional ten\nmi^es or fraction thereof.\n23. In the event of the claim being more than\none hundred miles from a Recorder's office, and\nsituated where other claims are being located, the\nfree miners, not less than five in number, are\nAuthorised to meet and appoint one of their number a \"Free Miners' Recorder,\" who shall act in\nthat capacity until a Mining Recorder is appointed\nby the Gold Commissioner.\n24. The \"Free Miners' Recorder\" shall at the\nearliest possible date after his appointment, notify the nearest Government Mining Recorder thereof,\nand upon the arrival of the Government Mining\nRecorder, he shall deliver to him his records and the\nfees received for recording the claims. The Government Mining Recorder shall then grant, to each\nfree miner whose name appears in the records, an\nentry for his claim on form \"I\" of these regulations,\nprovided an application has been made by him m\naccordance with form \"H\" thereof. The entry to\ndate from the time the \"Free Miners' Recorder\nrecorded the application.\n25 If the \"Free Miners' Recorder\" fails within\nthree months to notify the nearest Government\nMining Recorder of his appointment, the claims\nwhich he may have recorded will be cancelled.\n26. During the absence of the Mining Recorder\nfrom his office, the entry for a claim may be\ngranted by any person whom he may appoint to\nperform his duties in his absence.\n27. Entry shall not be granted for a claim\nwhich nas not been staked by the applicant in\nperson in the manner specified in these regulations.\nAn affidavit that the claim was staked out by the\napplicant shall be embodied in form \"H\" in the\nschedule hereto.\n28. An entry fee of fifteen dollars shall be\ncharged the first year, and an annual fee of fifteen\ndollars for each of the following years. This provision shall apply to claims for which entries have\nalready been granted.\n29. A statement of the entries granted and fees\ncollected shall be rendered by the Mining Recorder\nto the Gold Commissioner at least every three\nmonths, which shall be accompanied by the amount\ncollected.\n30. A royalty of ten per cent, on the gold\nmined shall be levied and collected on the gro?s\noutput of each claim. The royalty may be rjaid\nat banking offices to be established under the\nauspices of the Government of Canada, or to the\nGold Commissioner, or to any Mining Recorder\nauthorised by him.' The sum of $2,500.00 shall be deducted from the gross annual output of a claim\nwhen estimating the amount upon which royalty\nis to be calculated, but this exemption shall not\nbe allowed unless the royalty is paid at a banking\noffice or to the Gold Commissioner or Mining Recorder. When the royalty it paid monthly or at\nlonger periods, the deduction shall be made rateable\non the basis of $2,500 per annum for the claim.\nIf not -paid to the bank, Gold Commissioner or\nMining Recorder, it shall be collected by the customs officials or police officers when the miner\npasses the posts established* at the boundary of\na district. Such royalty to form part of the consolidated revenue, and to be accounted for by the\nofficers who collect the same in due course. The\ntime and manner in which such royalty shall be\ncollected shall be provided for by regulations to\nbe made oy the Gold Commissioner.\n31. Default in payment of such royalty, if continued for ten days after notice has been posted\noa the claim in respect of which it is demanded,\nor in the vicinity of such claim, by the Gold Commissioner or his agent, shall be followed by cancellation of the claim. Any attempt to defraud the\nCrown by withholding any part of the revenue thus\nprovided for, by making false statements of the\namount taken out, shall be punished by cancellation of the claim in respect of which fraud or false\nstatements have been committed or made. In\nrespect to the facts as to such fraud or false\nstatements or non-payment of royalty, the decision\nof the Gold Commissioner shall be final.\n32. After the recording of a claim the removal\nof any post by the holder thereof or by any person\nacting in his behalf for the purpose of changing\nthe boundaries of his claim, shall act as a forfeiture\nof the claim.\n33. The entry of every holder of a grant for\nplacer mining must be renewed and his receipt\nrelinquished and replaced every year, the entry fee\nbeing paid each time.\n34. lhe holder of a creek, gulch Or river claim may, within sixty days after staking out the claim,\nobtain an entry for a hill claim adjoining it, by\npaying to the Mining Recorder the sum of one\nhundred dollars. This permission shall also be\ngiven to the holder of a creek, gulch or river claim\nobtained under former regulations, provided that\nthe hill claim is available at the time an application is made therefor.\n35. No miner shall receive a grant of more than\none mining claim in a mining district, the boundaries of which shall be defined by the Mining Recorder, but the same miner may also hold a hill\nclaim, acquired by him under these regulations in\nconnection with, a creek ,gulch, or river claim, and\nany number of claims by purchase; and any number of miners may unite to work their claims in\ncommon, upon s,Tch terms as they may arrange,\nprovided such agreement is registered with the\nMining Recorder and a fee of five dollars paid for\neach registration.\n36. Any. free miner or miners may sell, mortgage, or dispose of his or their claims, provided\nsuch disposal be registered with, and a fee of two\ndollars paid to the Mining Recorder, who shall\nthereupon give the assignee a certificate in the form\n\"o in the schedule hereto.\n37.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Every free miner shall during the continuance of his grant have the exclusive right of\nentry upon his own claim for the miner-like working thereof, and the construction of a residence\nthereon, and shall be entitled exclusively to all the\nproceeds realised therefrom, upon which, however,\nthe royalty prescribed by these regulations shall\nbe payable: provided that the Mining Recorder\nmay grant to the holders of ether claims such right\nof entry thereon as may be absolutely necessary\nfor the working of their claims, upon such terms\nas may to him seem reasonable. He may also\ngrant permission to miners to cut timber thereon\nfor their own use.\n38. Every free miner shall be entitled to the\nuse of so much of the water naturally flowing \u00E2\u0096\u00A0*r\\nthrough or past his claim, and not already lawfully\nappropriated, as shall, in the opinion of the Mining\nRecorder be necessary for the due working thereof,\nand snail be entitled to drain his own claim free\nof charge.\n39. A claim may be deemed, to be abandoned\nand open to occupation and entry by any person\nwhen the same shall have remained unworked on\nworking days, excepting during the close season,\nby the grantee thereof or by some person on his\nbehalf for the space of * seventy-two hours, unless\nsickness or other reasonable cause be shown to the\nsatisfaction of the Mining Recorder, or unless the\ngrantee is absent on leave given by the Mining\nRecorder, and the Mining Recorder, upon obtaining\nevidence satisfactory to himself, that this provision\nis not being complied with, may cancel the entry\ngiven for a claim.\n40. If any cases arise for which no provision is\nmade in these regulations, the provisions of the\nregulations governing the disposal of mineral lands\nother ythan coal lands, approved by His Excellency\nthe Governor in Council on the 9th of November,\n1889, or such other regulations as may be substituted therefor, shall apply.\nFORM H.\u00E2\u0080\u0094APPLICATION FOR GRANT FOR\nPLACER MINING, AND AFFIDAVIT\nOF APPLICATION.\nI (or we) of hereby\napply, under the Yukon Placer Mining Regulations, for a grant of a claim for placer mining\nas defined in the said regulations, in (here describe\nlocality),and I (or we) solemnly swear: \u00E2\u0080\u0094\n1. That from indications I (or we) have observed on the claim applied for, I (or we) have\nreason to believe that there is therein a deposit of\ngold.\n2. That I (or we) am (or are) to the best of\nmy (or our) knowledge and belief the first to observe such indications, or: \u00E2\u0080\u0094\n3. That the said claim was previously granted I\nto (here name the last grantee) but has remained\nunworked by the said grantee for not less\nthan\t\n4. That I (or we) am (or are) unaware that\nthe land is other than vacant Dominion Lands.\n5. That I (or we) did on the day of\n. < mark out on the ground ,in accordance in every particular with the, provisions of\nthe mining regulations for the Yukon District, the\nclaim lor which I (or we) make this application,\nand in so doing I (or we) did not encroach on any\nother claim or mining location previously laid out\nby any other person.\n* 72 hours means three consecutive days of 24\nhours each.\n6. That the length of the said claim, as nearly\nas I (or we) could measure is feet, and\nthat the -description of this date hereto attached,\nsigned by me (or us) sets (or set) forth in detail,\nto the best of my (or our) knowledge and ability,\nits position.\n7. That I (or we) make this application in\ngood faith, to acquire the claim for the sole purpose of mining to be prosecuted by myself (or us)\nor by myself and associates, or by my (or our)\nassigns.\nSworn before me\n?.t\t\nthis day\nof 18. ...\n(Signature)\ntJcgLThis form is printed and for sale by the Thomson Stationery\nCo., Ld., Law Form Publishers, Vancouver, B. C , publishers\nof all kinds of Mining Forms.\nFORM I.\u00E2\u0080\u0094GRANT FOR PLACER MINING.\nNo\t\nDepartment of the Interior,\nAgency 18... .\nIn consideration of the payment of the fee of fifteen dollars prescribed by clause 28 of the mining\nregulations for the Yukon District, by\t\n(A. B.) of .accompanying his (or their) application No dated\t\n18...., for a mining claim in (here insert\ndescription of locality.)\nThe Minister of the Interior hereby grants to the\nsaid (A. B.) 4 tor the term of\none year from the date hereof, the exclusive right\nof entry upon the claim (here describe in\ndetail the claim granted) for the miner-like working thereof, and the construction of a residence\nthereon, and the exclusive right to all the proceeds\nrealised therefrom, upon which, however, the\nroyalty prescribed by the regulations shall be paid.\nThe said (A. B.) shall be\nentitled to the use of so much of the water naturally flowing through or past his (or their) claim,\nand not already lawfully appropriated, as shall be\nnecessary for the due working thereof, and to\ndrain his (or their) claim, free of charge.\nThis grant does not convey to the said\t\n(A. B.) any right of ownership in the soil covered\nby the said claim, and the said grant shall lapse\nand be forfeited unless the claim is continuously\nand in good faith worked by the said\t\n(A. B.) or his (or their) associates.\nThe rights hereby granted are those laid down in\nthe afqresaid mining regulations, and no more, and\nare subject to all the provisions of the said regulations, whether the same are expressed herein or\nnot.\nMining Recorder.\nFORM J.\u00E2\u0080\u0094CERTIFICATE OF THE ASSIGNMENT OF A PLACER MINING CLAIM.\nNo\t\nDepartment of the Interior,\nAgency 18\t\nThis is to certify that (B. C.)\t\nof has (or have) filed an assignment in\ndue form dated 18... ., and accompanied\nby a registration fee of two dollars, of the grant to\n, (A. B.) of of the 4P\n14\nright to mine in (here insert description of\nclaim) for one year from the 18\t\nThis certificate entitles the said (B. C)\n to all the rights and privileges of the said\n (A. B.) in respect to the claim as^\nsigned, that is to say, to the exclusive right of\nI entry upon the said claim for the miner-like working thereof and the construction of a residence\nthereon, and the exclusive right to all the proceeds realised therefrom (upon which, however, the\nroyalty prescribed by the regulations shall be paid),\nfor the remaining portion of the year for which the\nsaid claim was granted to the said (A. B.)\n that is to say, until the day\nof 18....\nThe said (B. C.) shall be entitled to the use of so much of the water naturally\nflowing through or past his (or their) claim and\nnot afready lawfully appropriated, as shall be\nnecessary for the due working thereof and to drain\nhis claim, free of charge.\nThis grant does not convey to the said\t\n(B. C.) any right of ownership in the\nsoil covered by the said claim, and the said grant\nshall lapse and be forfeited unless the claim is continuously and in good faith worked by the\nsaid., (B. C.) .or his (or their)\nassociates,\nThe rights hereby granted are those laid down\nin the Yukon Placer Mining Regulations, and no\nmore, and are subject to all the provisions of the\nsaid regulations, whether the same are expressed\nherein or not.\nMining Recorder.\nThomson Stationery G\u00C2\u00B0->Ld\nBOOKSELLERS,\nPRINTERS, LITHOGRAPHERS, RUBBER STAMPS\nSEALS, ETC., ETC.\n-VANCOUVER. B. C. REGULATIONS\nGoverning the issue of Leases to dredge for\nMinerals in the beds of rivers in the\nProvisional District of Yukon\nNorthwest Territories.\n(Approved of by Order in Council No. 125, of the 18th\nJanuary, 1898)\nThe following regulations are adopted for the\nissue of leases to persons or coanpanies who have\nobtained a free miner's certificate in accordance\nwith the provisions of the regulations governing\nplacer mining in the Provincial District of Yukon,\nto dredge for minerals other than coal in the sub-\nmergea beds or bars of rivers in the Provisional\nListrct of Yukcn, in the North West Territories:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n1. The lessee shall be given the exclusive right\nto subaqueous mining and dredging for all minerals\nwith the exception of coal in and along an unbroken extent of five miles of a river following its\nsinuosities, to be measured down the middle thereof, and to be described by the lessee in such manner as to be easily traced on the ground; and al-\ns though the lessee may also obtain as many as five\nother leases, each for an unbroken extent of five\nmiles of a river, so measured and described, no\nmore than six such leases will be issued in favor of\nan individual or company, so that the maximum\nextent of river in and along which any individual\nor company shall be given the exclusive right above\nmentioned, shall under no circumstances exceed\nthirty miles. The lease shall provide for the survey\nof the leasehold under instructions from the Surveyor General, and for the filing of the returns of\nsurvey in the Department of the Interior within\none year from the date of the lease.\n2. The lease shall be for a term of twenty years,\nJPP at the end of which time all rights vested in, or\nwhich may be claimed by the lessee under his\nlease, are to cease and determine. The lease may be\nrenewable, however, from time to time thereafter\nin the discretion of the Minister of the Interior.\n3. The lessee's right of mining and dredging\nshall be confined to the submerged beds or bars\nin the river below low water mark, that boundary\nto be fixed by its position on the first day of August\nin the year of the date of the lease.\n4. The lease shall be subject to the rights of all\nperson's who have received or who may receive entries for claims under the Placer Mining Regulations.\n5. The lessee shall have at least one dredge in\noperation upon the five miles of river leased to\nhim, within two seasons from the date of his lease,\nand if, during one season when operations can be\ncarried on, he fails to efficiently work the same to\nthe satisfaction of the Minister of the Interior, the\nlease shall become null and void unless the Minister of the Interior shall otherwise decide. Provided that when any company or individual has\nobtained more than one lease, one dredge for each\nfifteen miles or portion thereof shall be held to be\ncompliance with this regulation.\n6. The lessee shall pay a rental of $100.00 per\nannum for each mile of river so leased to him. The\nlessee shall also pay to the Crown a royalty of ten\nper centum on the output in excess of $15,000 00,\nas shown by sworn returns to be furnished monthly\nby the lessee to the Gold Commissioner during the\nperiod that dredging operations are being carried\non; such royalty, if any, to be paid with each\nreturn.\n6. The lessee who is the holder of more than one\nlease shall be entitled to the exemption as to\nroyalty provided for by the next proceeding regulation to the extent of $15,000.00 for each five miles\nof river for which he is the holder of a lease: but\nthe lessee under one lease shall not be entitled to\nthe exemption as to royalty provided by the next 17\ntwo proceeding regulations, where the dredge or\ndredges used by him have been used in dredging\nby another lessee, or in any case in respect of more\nthan thirty miles.\n7. The lessee shall be permitted to cut free of\nall dues, on any land belonging to the Crown, such\ntimber as may be necessary for the purposes of his\nlease, but such permission shal not extend to timber which may have been heretofore or may hereafter be granted to other persons or corporations.\n8. The lessee shall not interfere in any way\nwith the general right of the public to use the river\nin which he may be permitted to dredge, for\nnavigation and other purposes; the free navigation\nof the river shall not be impeded by the deposit\nof tailings in such manner as to form bars or banks\nin the channel thereof, and the current or stream\nshall not be obstructed in any material degree by\nthe accumulation of such deposit.\n9. The lease shall provide that any person who\nhas received or who may receive entry under the\nPlacer Mining Regulations shall be entitled to run\ntailings into the river at any point thereon, and to\nconstruct all works which may be necessary for\nproperly operating and working his claim. Provided that it shall not be lawful for such person to\nconstruct a wing-dam one thousand feet from the\nplace where any dredge is being operated, nor to\nobstruct or interfere in any way with the operation\nof any dredge.\n10. The lease shall reserve all roads, ways,\nbridges, drains, and other public works, and all\nimprovements now existing, or which may hereafter be made in, upon or under any part of the\nriver, and the power to enter and construct the\nsame, and shall provide that the lessee shall not\ndamage nor obstruct any public ways, drains,\nbridges, works and improvements now or hereafter\nto be made upon, in, over, through, or under the\nriver; and that he will substant:allv bridge or cover\nand protect all the cuts, flumes, ditches and sluices,\nand all pits and dangerous places at all points i8\nwhere they may be crossed by a public highway\nor frequented path or trail, to the satisfaction of\nthe Minister of the Interior.\n11. That the lessee, his executors, administrators, or assigns, shall not nor will assign, transfer\nor sublet the demised premises, or any part thereof,\nwithout the consent in writing of the Minister first\nhad and obtained.\ns^The Thomson Stationery Co., Ld., Vancouver,\nB. C, publish all ihp Mining and Conveyancing\nForms for use in the -Northwest Territories of\nCanada, among others the following are largely\nused by Miners:\nLAW FORMS\nFOR THE\nNORTHWEST TERRITORIES\nPUBLISHED BY\nTHOMSON STATIONERY CO., LD.\nVANCOUVER, B. C.\n :0:\t\nMININO FORMS.\nhundred doz\n621 y\u00C2\u00A3 Cap Application for Grant for\nPlacer Mining $ 1 00 25\n626 A Location Notice, Post No 1 25\n626 B \" Post No 2 25\n620 }& Cap Bill of Sale Mineral Claim 1 00 25\n123 Gap Option on Mining Claim.. 5\u00C2\u00B0\n124 \" Bond for Mineral Claim 50\n127 yi Cap Mineral Claims Listed for Sale I 00 25\n132 Demy Pay Roll Sheets 'for M ining\nCompanies 4 00 75\n134 % Cap Proxj Form for Joint Stock\nCompanies 75 *5 \u00E2\u0080\u0094\u00E2\u0080\u0094\u00E2\u0080\u0094iwmmm\n19\n PRICE LIST\t\nTHOMSON STATIONERY CO., Ltd.\nVancouver. B. C.\nConveyancing Forms.\nhundred doz.\nTransfer of Land $ 50\nMortgage, long form 50\n\" short form 50\nChattel Mortgage (to secure\nPromissory Note) 56\nChattel Mortgage (to secure\nthe sum of) 50\nLease, short form 50\nQuit Claim Deed 50\nBill of Sale |5 C! 5Q\nDeed of Co-Partnership, 10c isJ\u00C2\u00BB^t I 00\nAssignment for benefit of\nCreditors 50\nAssignment in Trust 50\nAssignment Chattel M'tgage 35\nAgreement for Sale of Land 35\nAgreement for Sale of Land\nshort form 25\nBond to Convey 35\nPower of Attorney (gen form) 35\nPower of Attorney (short\nform, general) 25\nPower of Attorney (short\nform, special 25\nDischarge of Chattel M'rtge 25\n\" Mortgage 25\nBuilding Contract, 10c ea. I op\nNotice of Sale under M'rtge 1 00 25\nAffidavit for Witness 75 15\n\" Attorney 75 15\n\" Secretary of a\nCorporation 75 15\n560 j4 Cap Notice to Incumbrancers ... 1 00 25\nTHOMSON'S\nNo.\nSize\n502\nKCap\n5\u00C2\u00B04\n'*\n50.S\n\"\n506\n507\nCap\nS08\n\u00C2\u00AB\n5ii\n%. Cap\n513\n5H\nii\n517\nCrown\n5i8\n\u00C2\u00AB\n521\nCap\nS27\n*'\n528 y2 Cap\n531\nCap\n532\n\"\n533\n^Cap\n534\n\"\n536\n537\n*'\n539\nCap\n54 S\nJ^Cap\n55o\nXCap\n552\n555\n\" 20\n PRICE LIST\t\nTHOMSON STATIONERY CO.\n, Ld.\nVancouver, B. C.\nCustoms Forms.\n]\nlundred\ndoz\n135 4 Cap\nJ35A \"\nFnr Dntv B I $\n1\n00\n25\n\" Goods imported\nfrom Great Britain\t\n1\n00\n25\n136 ]/2 Cap\n137 \"\nFree R 2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\t\nI\n00\n25\n25\nSettler's Effects, Free, B 4\n1\n00\n138\nFor Warehouse, B 5\t\n1\n00\n2$\n139 1\nTo Perfect Warehouse Entry\nB6\t\n1\n00\n35\n140 5\nFor Duty Ex-Warehouse B 7\n1\n00\n25\nH1 1\nFree Ex-Warehouse B 8..'\n1\n00\n25\n142 \"\nFor Export Ex-Warehouse B9\n1\n00\n25\n143 \"\nFor Removal Ex-WT., Bio\n1\n00\n25\n146A \"\nEntry Outwards, goods tne\nproduce or manufacture of\nCanada B n \t\n1\n00\n25\n25\n146 \"\n147\nExport Entry\t\n1\n00\nEntry Outwards, goods not\nthe produce or manufacture\nof Canada B 14. .....\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00C2\u00BB\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\n1\n00\n25\nH8\nBill of Sale in Bond, (cus\ntoms transfer invoice) B 15\n1\n00\n25\n149 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2*\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\nReport Inwards, A 6\t\n1\n00\n25\n150 M\n\" Outwards, A 7\t\n1\n00\n25\n151 \"\nFor Duty, spirits, D 4, excise\n1\n00\n25\n155 % Cap\nCollector's Warrant for De\nlivery of Goods ex ship. C I\n75\n15\n156 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \"\nCollector's Landing Warrant\nfor Bonded Warehouse, C 2\n75\n15\n157 i\nLocker's Receiving Order, C3\n75\n15\n158\n\" Delivery Order, C 4\n75\nn\n159 \"\nPermission Required, C 6..\n75\n15\n160\nReport Inwards, Coastwise,\nA 0 \t\n75\n15\n161 \u00C2\u00AB\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0rv y\t\nReport Outwards, Coastwise,\nA 10\t\n75\n15\nTHOMSON'S 21\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094PRICE LIST\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nTHOMSON STATIONERY CO., Ltd.\nVancouver, B. O.\nhundred doz\n162 % Cap Appointment of Attorney or\nAgent for making Customs\nEnty, E 4\t\n165 }i Cap Entry Outwards for Shipping\nto the Yukon Dist, N.W.T\n164 % Cap Bill of Health\t\n$ 75\nco\n75\n15\n25\n15\n\u00C2\u00A32Tln addition to these we publish all the Supreme\nCourt, Small Debt Court, and many special\nMining Forms. These forms have all been carefully prepared and may be relied on as correct and in\naccordance with the Statute. See that each form\nhas our imprint in the corner.\nCbomeon Stationery Co., %t\,\nVANCOUVER, B. C.\nand Calgary, Alta. PROSPECTORS'\n AND\t\nMINERS' SUPPLIES\nFOR SALE BY\nThomson Stationery Co.,\nLIMITED.\nVANCOUVER, B. C.\nMiners'Glasses\u00E2\u0080\u0094Coddington Magnifying Glasses,\nsix sizes, from $1.20 to $2.50. This is one of the\nstrongest and best makes of glasses made. We have\nalso a large line at from 35 cents upwards.\nCompasses\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pocket size, from the cheapest to the\nfinest jeweled glasses, from 25c. to\" $3.00.\nSteel Tapes\u00E2\u0080\u0094From the small vest pocket size at\n75c. to the 100 ft., 200 ft., 300 ft. and 500 ft.\naluminum plated.\nEngineer's Tapes\u00E2\u0080\u0094We always have a full stock\nof these and having the agency for Justus Roels celebrated Steel Tapes.\nGold Dust Bags\u00E2\u0080\u0094At 25c, 35c. and 50c. Gold\nDust and Money Belts, to be worn next the body, a\nlarge range.\nParses\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pocket Books, Wallets, all kinds, styles and\nsizes, from the cheapest to the finest.\nMemorandum Books-- Diaries in all sizes,\nfrom the vest pocket midget to the largest, and in all\ngrades of bindings. I111I\u00C2\u00A7\nThe Alaska Thermometer\u00E2\u0080\u0094Is a small but\nreliable self regestering thermometer to 850 below\nzero, in a flat tin case. The Klondike Thermometer\u00E2\u0080\u0094Also self\nregistering, to 850 below zero, is packed in a hard\nrubber case, and in its case is about the size of a\nfountain pen or lead pencil.\nEye Protectors\u00E2\u0080\u0094In fine celluloid, or goggles in\nwire frame and glass, white or colored, useful in protecting the eyes from dust and from snow blindness.\nPostage Stamp Cases\u00E2\u0080\u0094In Tin and Leather\nwith parchment sheets for keeping stamps from\nsticking.\nFountain Pens\u00E2\u0080\u0094The Parker, Waterman and\nother standard makes, a very large range, also the\ncheaper kinds at 40c. and upwards.\nInk Powders--We put up a very fine Ink Powder\nin Black or Red, to make % pint good ink, 15c.\nInk Stands\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pocket size, in wood and rubber.\nGold Scales\u00E2\u0080\u0094Finely finished Brass Scales, weight\nfrom 1 gr. to 2 oz., $2.00; 1 gr. to 4 oz., $2.5a\nPocket Match Safes\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pocket Combs? Mirrors,\nPocket Knives, Books, etc.\nThomson Stationery Co., Xo.,\nVANCOUVER, B.C."@en . "Other copies: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/10891618"@en . "Pamphlets"@en . "TN420 .T4 1898"@en . "I-1346"@en . "10.14288/1.0340747"@en . "English"@en . "Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library"@en . "Vancouver : Thomson Stationary Co., Ld."@en . "Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy, or otherwise distribute these images please contact\u00A0digital.initiatives@ubc.ca."@en . "Original Format: University of British Columbia. Library. Rare Books and Special Collections. TN420 .T4 1898"@en . "Prospecting"@en . "Gold mines and mining--Yukon Territory"@en . "Gold dust; how to find it and... how to mine it. An elementary treatise on the methods and appliances used by miners on the frontier, with other useful information"@en . "Text"@en .