"CONTENTdm"@en . "http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=1658860"@en . "British Columbia Historical Books Collection"@en . "Vancouver, George, 1757-1798"@en . "Mourelle de la R\u00FAa, Francisco Antonio, 1750-1820"@en . "Milet-Mureau, L. A. (Louis Antoine), 1756-1825"@en . "La P\u00E9rouse, Jean-Fran\u00E7ois de Galaup, comte de, 1741-1788"@en . "2016-04-22"@en . "1801"@en . "https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/bcbooks/items/1.0308158/source.json"@en . "333 pages : charts ; 18 cm"@en . "application/pdf"@en . " Voyage round the World.\nPERFORMED IN THB TEARS\n1785, 1786, I787, I788,\nBY\nM. de la PEYROUSE:\nAbridged from the Original French Journal of\nM. rtc la Fkyr: use, winch was lately pubiifhed by\nM. Milet-Mureau. in Obedience to\nan Order from the French Government.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 # 'pM\nTO WHICH ARE ADDED,\nA Voyage from Manilla to California,\nBY\nI DON ANTONIO MAURELLE :\nAND AN ABSTRACT OF THE\nVoyage \ and Difcoveries\n0F THE LATE\nCAPT. G. VANCOUVER.\nBOSTON:\nPRINTED FOR JOS\u00C2\u00A3PH BVMSTEAD.\nSold by him at No. 20, Uni^-Street :\nBY\nThomas and Andrews, NEWBuiy-SntET ; bt E. ami\n%. Larxin. Wm. P. and L. Blake, W. Pxijiam,\nAND C. BiNCHAM, CoRNHlLt,\n180*.\n PREFACE,\nBY* THE EDITOR.\n-&- HIS little volume contains the fubflance of\nTWO recent PUBLICATIONS ; concerning which\nthe curiofity -of the world has been very powerfully\nexcited ; \u00E2\u0080\u00A2which are filed with knowledge ofafpe*>\ncies that is remarkably ftted to expand and illumi\"\nnote every mind\", but which are to be bought at an:\nexpence that, but for the expedient @f abridgment$\ntnt'Jl exclude the greater number of readers from:\nany acquaintance with their contents.\n1he original work from which the Account of\nthe Voyage of M. BE LA PEYROUSE, has been:\nextracted, is notfimply a narrate. It comprehends\u00E2\u0080\u0094the very elaborate papers of i&ftruction$-\nand advice, which were given to direcl the inveJM-*\ngaiionsy and to guide the courfe of the French nav-\nigators-*~tbe journal of La Psyroufe, which ^Pp\nhad transmitted' home for publication-\u00E2\u0080\u0094-a Spanifh.\nI journal which La Peyronie \u00E2\u0096\u00A0 fent to France, w$$%.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0ms own papers, for the fmue of illuftraiinz$$Mt?.hif'>\ntory of the South Sea Ijles\u00E2\u0080\u0094with various extracts\nfrom the letters of La -Peyroufe himfelf, and 'of\n,$$? companions of his voyage^ which ferve to confirm the narrative in the principal journal, or i\u00C2\u00BB\nenlarge it by the communication of new particulars.\nGhjtrts, ami other engravings, accompany and illuf\n\ Una fa the journal^ and the oth^ communications :\n IV\nPREFACE*\nAnd a number of nautical tubhs chfe thenvbole, at\nthe end.\nIt is true, that the INSTRUCTIONS with which\nLa PEYROUSE was favoured, when hefet out on\nhis voyage, are mare elaborate than any we know i&\nhave been given to the navigators,, who were fent\nupon our Britifh voyages of difevvery. But, if all\nthe fcience and intelligence of the Britifh Nation,\nhad been Jlrained in one great effort, to produce the*\nmojl ample and luminous papers of INSTRUCTIONS, which could be given to navigators fetting\neut on a voyage of dijc&very round the world; the\nbirth fromfuch an effort mmtld, doubilefs, have-\nbeen very muchfuperior to that which France gcive\nto guide an enterprize intended to eclipfe the fame of\nthe voyages of Coox.\nLaPeyrouses Journal itfelfis written in\n* plain, manly manner, without much affectation.\nThe amorouspropenftties of the French, which have\nvften fpoiled their fortunes, Jeem to have been the\ntrue caufe of one of the moflferious difafiers which\nthefe voyagers met with, in the courfe of their-\nwhole expedition^\nThe EXTRACTS from the private CORRESPOND\nJDENCE of La Peyroufe\"himfelf and his companions, with their friends in France, add little or\nnothing to the information in the Journal, but coth-\nfirm thai information by multiplied teflimonies, and\nevince the voyagers to have lived happily together,\njfo have retained a tender remembrance ofthefriendr\nthey had left in France, and to have been, every one,\nvigilantly attentive to their proper functions in the\nprofecution of the voyage.\nIn the Abridgement of the Account *\nera! communication,from time to ffcne, with one\nanother. Cafual wanderings between the feat of\none tribs and that of another, iiril contributed\n fi..'\n,A PEYROUSE S VOY ACM.\nto renew that mutual intercourfeof mankind\nwhich had feemed to be ioft by their diiperlionj\nIncipient commerce aided and extended this in^\ntercourfe. War and the fpirit of jjEjpnqueft foon\narofe, to re-unite various petty tribes under the\ndominion of one monarch. Colonization, con-\ndudted partly on the principles of eonqueft, and\nin partj on thofe-of commerce, did Something\nmore to make the human inhabitants, even of\nwidely diftant parts of the ^worid, acquainted\nwith one another's exiftence and circumftanccs.\nWtiQ rife and progrefs of fcience, in Egypt, in\nGreece, in, Italy, formed fo many different centres of knowledge. ^pThe eftabKfhment.of tho\nRaman Empire comprehended all thefe centresi\nwithin one great fyftem, the feveral different!\nparts of which had a necefiary correfpondence\nwith one another. The irruption of barbarous*\nconqueft deftroyed this fyftem, and difmemberedi\nall its parts. Chriftianity, under the Roman\nPontiff, endeavoured again to combine, and toi\ncivilize the world. A focus of the knowledge\nof the earth and of human fociety, was thus\neftablimed in Europe. Crufading wars,, and the\nnavigation of the Mediterranean Sea and of th\u00C2\u00AB\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 perman Ocean, gradually enlarged the fphereof\nthis knowledge, and enhanced its, fpleifdour. It\nwas foon aftonifhingly expanded by the navig*\ntionof the Indian, and of the AtlanticfOccan.\nPiracy, commerce, travels on land, voyages by\nfea,ftill ftietehed wider its compafs, cleared its\navenues, and brought its moft diftant extremities virtually nearer together, by facilitating thei\nmutual.communication between them. Mankind\nceafed to be fo many diftinel hordes, andfeemed\nto become again, one great family. Avaj$ce, as*\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n|ddent, conqueft, had hithertogdone all this*\nj| Benevolence and fcientific curiofiry were, at\nlength, to lend their afliftar.e^ In chappy time\nGeorge the Third aleended the, Britifh\nthrone : under his aufpices,expeditions \"of benevolent difcovery were fent out to explore the\nfbuthern and the northern ocean-. T&e-ci&iofitfi;\nlire emulation of all Europe was awakened*.\nFrance would contend with Britain in a career\nmore iifciftric us than that af conqueft.- \ybilffi\nlit wis the Sixteenth reigned, fcience and\nbenevolence held a powetlul influence in the\nFrench Admintftration. La Peyrouse was* fenfc\nout, to emulate, and to complete the difcoverks.\nof. Cook.\nhA Peyrouse was a naval officer of great\nmerit and experience. He was born at AIbi, m\nthe year 1741. He entered, as a midshipman*\nInto the French Navy, in the year175^. His-\ngallantry was eminently diftinguifhed in the fa*\nmous naval engagement in which the French\nfleet under M. de Conflans, was defeated, off\nBeileifle, by the Englim, commanded by Admiral\nHawke. The war between France and Britain\nended. But La Peyrouse continued in active\nfervice during ail the mterva|i>ef peace, till\nFrance declared war, as the ally of America*\nagainft Britain,in the year 1778. He had, in\nthis period, attained to the rank of Lieutenant j\nand he was, now, quickly promoted to the 'f$m\u00C2\u00AB\nlnand of a feparatc veffel. >He executed with\nfuccefs, and not without g^iero&s humanity ta\nthe fufferers, an enterprife on which he was fent,\nwith three (hips of war, from Cape Ftancois, in?\nthe year 1782, for the deftruction of the BritiiH\nfettiements on Hudfoa's Bay. '^is reputation,\n JO\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nas a naval of5eer,recommended Mm to the choice\nof the French government, as a man to whom\nthe care oJ;vindicating to his country, the glory\nof naval, geographical difcovery, might be ntlyj\nintrufted, in the year 1785.\nt The Ffench Government, having projected\ntjiis expedition with generous views ofejiberali\ninquiry and emulation in fcience; and having,;\nwith great discernment, felected fuch an officer\nas M. de la Peyroufe, to 'conduct rt ; faileifefiot\nto adopt every other poffibfe precaution to fit it\nfor the frtccefsful aecomplifhment of thofe objects to attain which it was deftined. ^fTwo frigates, La Boussole and L'Astrolabe, were\nappropriated, as the mod fuitable velTels for the\nexpedition. A very ample and elaborate paper\nof infiruttions was prepared, \u00C2\u00A39 fpecify to the intended navigators, the plan of their voyage ; to\ndirect their geographical and hydrographical inquiries ^ to indicate thofe objects in poiky and\ncommerce, which they were to keep in view; to\nguide them in the observation of. new facts re-\nlatlve to Ajtronomy, Natural Philolbphy, and\nNatural Hiflory ; to teach them, with what\nmingled Sfcmnefs and gentlenefs,k might beeonle\nthem to conciliate the favour, while they fhould\nconimaiid the rcfpett, of the fa\"vage inhabitants\nof wha'tfoeser ft range iiles or continents they-i\nmight yiiit ; and to enlighten them -.with this\nbeft directions which medicine or naval expert-*\nence could fugged, for the prefereation of the^\nhealth of the ihip's crews, during the long periods for which thev were deftined to remain at\nfei. FjLEURlEU, a navigator of drftingwiihed\n{kill in all the moft important fubje&h of n,:uttcr\naland hydrographical refearch, collected, into;a\n gOUNB THE'WOIWHR*\nri\n&ries of elaborate notes, annexed to thefe infiruc-\nticns, the moft curious expositions and diieuf-\nlions of all the moft interesting, yet uncertain\npoints,in the nautical geography of the globe, whLh\nmight be expected to have new light thrown vpon\nthem by the obfervations of M. de la Peyrouse\nand his co-adjutors. The French Academy of Sciences readily fuggefted, in an excellent memoir,\nevery topic in all the different fciences, upon\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2which the obfervations and inquiries of the vov-\nagers might ufefully tarn. The eyes of all\nFrance were earneftly turned upon an expedition which promifed much glory to the nation,\n.and greaislmproveme*nts to the fciences and artft\nEvery one was eager to make his contribution\ntowards its fuccefs. One communicated directions for new experiments upon -the prefervaticrt\nof freth water for ufe at fea : Another gave in*\nitructions for the collection and the prefervatfon\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2of vegetables and foi&is : Some brought pre-\nierrrs * While others were more lavffh of advif^\nAmple ft ores of provisions for the fhip's'crey^\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00C2\u00A9\u00C2\u00A3alLfhofe trifles of European panufactur^\n. which are known to be #e moft -acceptable to\nfavages\u00E2\u0080\u0094\u00C2\u00A9f: the inftruments of the different\nmechanic arts\u00E2\u0080\u0094of vegetable feeds and planrj\u00C2\u00A3\n/to be.diffeminated upon remote,\" foreign coafts\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094s-of ail the implements neceffary for the intended fcient&ic obfervations\u00E2\u0080\u0094with even a fuitable\nnautical and philofophical Jibrary*\u00E2\u0080\u0094were, by the\n^ates ofthe French Adminiitration, put en boarl,\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2the two fr%ates for the voyage. -The Britifh\nBoard of Longitude Wkt, for its ufe, two dipping\ncompafles,which had been ufed in Commodore\n\0qqxl3 laft expedition. If On board the veffeJ El\n\u00C2\u00A3o\u00C2\u00ABssoLE|-awere embarked to the number of\n f I\n*--\ntitt r\n22\nLA \"FEYROUSES VOYSfit\nabout j 20 perfons, under the immediate command of M. de la Peyrouse. ^rhe crew, andi\nthe other perfons who failed in V %strolabs|\ncompofed about an equal number. Aftronbmers,\nengineers, botanifts, mineralogifts,draughtim\u00C2\u00AB\u00C2\u00BBii\nclock-makers, a phyfician perfojas eminently!\nqualified for all the different plans of obfervatioaj\nand inquiry, to be purfued in the voyage, were\namong thefe two companies. M. de Langle, thei\nfriend of de la Peyrouse, was appointed to thc|\ncommand of the frigate L'astrolabe. In the\nbeginning of July, in the year 17.85, the frw\njfates with their full complements of menrandi\nffeores,were nearly ready tofet fail from/the port\n#f Breft.\nOn the lit day of Auguft, they failed from\nthe Road of Breft. On the 13th, they had!\nfcached Madeira, without experiencing any rcn\nmarkable accident. In this courfe, their notice\n'was not .particularly attracted by any natural appearance, fave that lumtnoufnefs of the furface\nof the fea by night, which has been often observed, in vafiousffrlaees, and Is fuppqfedto proceed from forne frnall phofphoric bodies, living,\nor inanimate, diffufed, in infinite multitude,\nover the waves.\nAt Madeira, they were courteously welcomed\nby Mr. johnftoun a Britifh merchant,Mr. Murray the British conful, and M. Montero, win\nJbad the care of the bufinefs of the French consulate. From Mr. Johnltoun, M. de ia Pcyroufe\nreceived a handfome prefent of fruits, temon-\njuice, rum, and wine. During three days, thei\nvoyagers enjoyed the kind and fumptuous hofpi-\ntalityof their attentive hofts But, M. de hi\nFeyroufe bad halted here only to purchaie via*\n GROUND THE WORLD.\nm\nfor the voyage 5 which, he now learned, might\nbe had more than one half cheaper at Teneriffe.\nOn the 16th, therefore, they failed for that ifleV\nIn the morning of the 18th, as~they continued their courfe, Salvage llland appeared within\nview. Running down the eaft fide of this ifle,\nat about half a league' diftance from the land,\nM. de la Peyroufe could perceive it to be bare of\nvegetation, and to exhibit at its furface nothing\nbut beds of lava, and different matters of volcanic origin. He conceived its coaft to be fo\nfafe for {hipping, that there might be an hundred fathoms depth of water, within a cable's\nlength'of the land. Its pofition they found from\nthen time-keepers, and from aftronomical observation, to be in 1$ deg. 13 rnin. W.longitude, in\n30 deg. 8 min. 15 fee. N. latitude.\nOn the 19th of Auguft,at three;o'clock in the\n-afternoon the two frigates caft anchor before\nTeneriffe, in the road of Santa Cruz. Here\nthey were detained ten days ; receiving on board\nfixty pipes of the wine of the ifland, for which\nthey had brought empty cafks. - Erecting an ob-\nfervatory on Shore, upon their arrival, they made\na number of obfervations to afcertain the precife\nmovement of their different time-keepers, and\nthe bearings of the place. The pofition of San--\ntaCruz was found to be ie B de. yjm.^o fec.W.\nlongitude,in 28 deg. 27 min. 30 fee.^N. latitude.\nTheir- experiments on the dipping compafs\nproved uncertain and unfatisfactory in the\nrefulrs ; which they attributed to the attraction of the iron-ore with which the whole foil\nof Teneriffe is decpfy impregnated.-||The hat-\nuralifts were not idle: M.*de la Martiniere\nBiade fome botanical excursions : found feveral\ninterefting plants 5 and nerceived the mercury\nI\n hi!\nIfr, LA PEYROUSE'S VOYAGE\nin his barometer, which, at Santa Ciuz Stood at\n28 inches, and 3 lines, to fall on the Summit of\nthe famous Peak, to 18 inches j|| lines: At\nSanta Cruz the mercury ftood at 24-ir, in the\nthermometer; but on the fummit of the pe*ak,\nfubfided to yd. M. de Monnerom engineer,\nattempted to meafure the height of the peak, by\ntaking levels from its fummit, down to the fea-\nfhore. But, the obftinacy of tthe muletteers j\nwbom he had employed to attend him, with his ,\ninstruments and baggage, during the operation,\nhindered him from completing it : And his\nnotes of thofe Steps which he had taken, 'have\nnot been preferved.* During their ftay in the\nroad of Santa Cruz, the French voyagers experienced many obliging civilities from theMarquis\nde Branciforte, Governor-General of the Canary\nlilands.\nIn the afternoon ef the 30th of Auguft, the\nvoyage was renewed. Unwilling to touch at\nthe unhealthy Cape pe Verd ifiands, M. de la\nPeyroufe wiihedto proceed with an uninterrupted\ncourfe, to the ifle of La Trinidada. They failed through thefe calm feas, without any unplea--\nfant accident. For a.while, they had the advantageous aid of the trade winds. Solicitous\nto preferve the health of his crews, as fuccefsful-\nly as had been done by Cook, La Peyroufe now\nmade the fpace between the decks to be fumigated, and was careful to have the hammocks taken\ndown, while circumftances would permit, frorar:\neight o'clock in the morning till funfet. By the\ndirection of the trade-wind, he was obliged to\ntail parraliel to the coaft of Africa, longer than\na*. Heber Jen's meafur-ement of the height of the peak ofTen-\nerife, makes it 2409 titles ; FeuJi)ee; a iy. Bov.^uer, z.co j\nVerdun, DonJa.-anU-tfmgre, 190^,\n ROUND THE WORLD'\n**\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 ifie had intended, a{ about Sixty leagues diftance\nfrom the land^ta Oij the 29th of September, and\nin the 18th degree of weftern longitude, they\ncroffed the equinoctial line^JfFrorn the line, a\nS.E.wind purfued them as far as 20 d. 25m.fcuih\nlatitude. ' Nor were they able to get into the\nprecife latitude of Yrinidada, till after they had\nrun about 25 leagues of longitude,eaStward from\nit. Man-of-war birds followed them, in considerable numbers, from 8 degf. N. latitude,till they\nhad proceeded 3 deg. S. from the line. Their\ncourfe was interrupted by none of thofe calms\nwhich fome feamcn fear, under the Line, in\nfhefe latitudes. Soon after their departure\nfrom Teneriffe, the Skies ceafed to exhibit the\nclear azure of the temperate zones. From the\n'A\nrifing to the fetting of the fun, a dull hazy\nwhitenefs, fomewhat between fog and clouds,\nconftantly obfcured the atmofphere, and contracted their viGble horizon to the compafs of\nabout three leagues^mBut, the nighfe were radiant and ferene.\nAt 10 o'clock in the morning of the i&th of\nOctober, they came within Sight of the Ifles of\nMartin Vas. Thefe ifles are only bare rocks.\nThey are three in number; feparated from one\nanother, by fmall intervals'; and, even the largeft,\nbut about a quarter of a league in circumference.\nTheir position is in 20 deg. 30 min. 35 fee. S. lat~\nin 30 deg. 30 m.-W, long.\nThey came within fight of the iiland of Frix- j\nidada, about funfet, on the fame day. At 10\no'clock next morning, M. de la Peyronie was\nfurp'rifed to perceive the Portuguefe Slag flying in\nJrjiemidft of a fmall port, at the bottom of an\"in-\nperformed by the S. E. point of the ifle.% In\ntfeniQ&aing of the 18th,Lieu tenant deVaujuas>\n i6\nLA peyrouse's vovage\nIRE\nM. de Ia Martiniere, and Father Receveury,\nwent on more, in a pinnace from L'Aftrolabe.\nThe furf ran fo high, that, but for the ready\naftiftance of the Portuguefe, the boat's crew>\nmuft have periShed. About two hundred men\nwere found to compofe the Portuguefe eftabliSh-\nment on this ifle. g Thefe had come, about a year\nbefore, from Rio Janeiro, to take poiTeihon of it.\nLittle pleafed with the curioSity of their viGtants*\nthey would not permit even the botanifts to goi\nbeyond the beach, in fearch of plants. Neither\nwood nor water, was to be here procured. Thei\nPortuguefe affifted in putting off the boat from\nthe Strand. And the Frenchmen returned on\nboard their Ship, difappointed of every object\nwhich they had fought on the ifle. Another\nboat from M. de la Peyroufe's own Ship, La\nBouffole, likewife approached the Shore, under\nthe command of Lieutenant Boutin. He founded fhe>road to within muSket fiiot of the beach 5\nand found its bottom to be rocky, with a little\nfand. M. de Monneron, who went in the boat*\nmade an exact drawing of the port. M. de La-\nmanon obferved the rocks to be compofed of ba-.\nfaites, with other fubftances of volcanic origin.\nThe ifland of Trinidada prefents to the eye\nnothing but a barren rock, having, in fome nar-\ntow glens, among its heights, a few Shrubs and a\nSlight appearance of verdure. The Portuguefe\nhave fixed their establishment in one of its\nglyns, in the fouth-eaft quarter of the iilandi\nwhich Spreads out into a vale of about 3\u00C2\u00ABo toifesl\nan width. It is rather to prevent others from occupying it, than for the fake of any advantage it\ncan afford to themfelves, that the Potugiefisf\nhave made a Settlement onTrinidada. Its foutheaSt\npoint is in the fouthern latitude of 20 d. 31 m. ;\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n*7\nand, by lunar obfervation, in the weftern longitude of 3od. 57m. It had been, before, for a\ntime; occupied by the Englifh. The Portuguefe\ngarrifon or colony are, for the prefent, fupplied\nwith neceffaries from Rio Janeiro.\nOn the 18th of October, the frigates failed\nweft ward.' From the iUthto the evening ofthe\n24th they went'on in the fame direction,-in a\nfruitlefs fearch for the ifle of AscENCAON.|i M.\nde la Peyroufe then abandoned the fearch, and\nconcluded that no fuch ifland had existence.\nBut, he had explored only the fpace of 7d. of\nlongitude W. from Trinidada, between the S.\nLatitudes of 2d. icm. and2od. 50m* tt is probable, that, if he ha9 advanced about id. farther\n! weft ward, he would have difcovered the ifle he\n: fought, which does not yet deferve to be expunged from the maps*\nA violent Storm affailed the voyagers on the\n25th of October* They were enveloped in a\ncircle of fire, about the hour of eight in the\nevening. Lightning fiaShed from every point of\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 the horizon : and lambent flames of the corpo-\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0fanto or Will-with-the-wifp, fettled on the point\nofthe electrical conductor of Xa Bouffole ; and\non the maft-head of L'Aftrolabe, which was\nIwithout any electrical conductor, but at no great\ndiftance from its companion. As they proceed-\nfed, the weather continued from this time Stormy,\njand they were furrounded by a thick fog, till*\nIthey reached the ifle of St. Catharine's, contiguous to the eaftern coaft of the continent of\nSouth America.. On-the dth of November, they\nanchored between St. Catherine's and the mainland, in Irwater which was feven fathom^\ndceD, with a bottom of muddy fand,\nT B 2\n 15\nri'\nill I\nLA PE-YRQUSE's VOYAGE\nCHAP. IL\nVoyage, Obfervations, and TranJactions, from thei\nSixth Day of November 1785, to the Eighth of\\nApril 1 \"j1&6 J including the Courfe from StA\nCatharine's to the Fafier-lfi.and 1 with JDefcrip-\ntions of St. Catharine's ; the Settlement of Con A\nception on the Coafi of Chili, &c.\nHE ifle of St. Catharine is, in breadth\nfrom eaft to weft, only two leagues \ but ex-j\ntends in length from 2 7d. 19m. 10 fee. to 27m.\n4om.S.latitude. It isfeparated from the adjacent]\nmain land by a channel which, at its narrowest 1\npart, exceeds not rhe width of '200 toifes. On\nthe point of\"the ifle which here juts out into\nthe channel, is^ Situated the city of Nofira Senora\ndel Defiero, which contains about 4*\u00C2\u00A9 houfes lodging not more than 30\u00C2\u00A9\u00C2\u00A9 fouls, and is the capital\nof the ifle, in which its governor refides. The\ninferior Surface of this ifle is overfpread with\nfore its of lofty evergreens, with an impervious\nthicknefs of briars and other creeping plants,\namong their trunks below. Snakes, of which\nthe bite is mortal, lurk in the thickets. Fruits,\nvegetables, corn, are produced 4n inexhauftible\nplenty, and almoft Spontaneoufly, by the natural\nfertility of the foil. The habitations aTe all contiguous to the fea-Shore. Around them are\nplanted orange-trees, Swith other odoriferous\nplants and Shrubs of the moftdelightful fragrance.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2The furrounding feas abound with whales, the'\nfubjects of a lucrative fifhery. In the approach\nof Ships to the ifle, a muddy bottom, with 70 fathoms depth of wrater, is found at [ 8 leagues\ndiftance. From this, the water becomes gradu-\n ROUND THE WORL&.\n*9\nally Shallower to the depth of four fathoms, at\nthe distance of four cable's length from the land..\nThe common paffage for veffels, is, between the\nNorth Point of bt. Catharine's and the iflet of\nAlvaredo. The beft anchorage is at half a league\nfrom Fort Ifle, in Six fathoms of water, with a\nmuddy bottom, adjacent to feveral convenient\n[watering places on St. Catharine's and on the\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2continent. The fea is very heavy, and breaks always on the lee-Shore. The tides are very irregular, enter at both ends of the channel, and rife\nmly three feet.\nThe ifle of St. Catharine's was firft occupied\niby .fugitives from the Brazils. About the year\n1740, the court of LiSbon established here,a regular government, comprehending, together.\nwith this ifle,fome part ofthe adjacent continent.\nOf this government, the extent from North to\nouth, from the river San Francifco to Rio\njGrrande, is 60 leagues. Its population is efti-\nlai'ated, perhaps under the truth,at about 20,000\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0fouls. But, the people are indolent and poor,\njfature is fo bountiful, that they know not thofe\n[wants which are requisite to excite man to in-\niuftry. The whale-fiShery is the property^\n)f the Crown, and is formed by a company at LiSbon. About 400 whales, are, every\njrear, killed here But, from thefe, little gain\ns derived to the people of St. Catharine's. The\nproduce ofthe fishery, oil, whalebone, andfper-\nnaceti, is fent annually to LiSbon, by the way of\nRio Janeiro.\nAt the approach of theFrench frigates, feverat\nilarrg guns were fired from the different forts.\nM. de Pierrevert, third lieutenant, or Enfeigne de\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2/aiJftaU) being immediately Sent aShore, found\n Q\u00C2\u00A3X\nLA PIYROUSE S VOYAGE\nthe garrilon of the citadel, 40 men with a captain commanding thern, all under arms.. An ex-\nprels was inftantly fent to the governor Don\nFran cifco di Baros, in the town ; who readily\ngave orders to furnifli the voyagers with whatever they wanted, at the ioweft prices ; and appointed an officer to attend on each frigate, and.\nailift them in their purchafes. On the 9th of\nNovember, Mefirs. de la Peyroufe and de Lan-\ngle, went both on Shore with feveral of their\nofficers. They were received by the commander\nofthe fort, with the difcharge of fifteen guns *,.\nwhich was returned by an equal number from\nthe frigate La Bouffole. \u00C2\u00A7fA boat.under the com-\nmand of Lieutenant Boutiny with a number of\nother gentlemen on board, was, on the following\nday, fent to thank the governor, at the town, in\nM. de la Peyroufe's name, for his attentions,\nwhich had been already found very beneficial.\nHe received them with great politenefs, entertained them at dinner, and favoured them with\nfome interesting: information concerning thefe-\nparts* On the 13th Don Antonio de Gama,\nmajor-general of the colony, vifited the voyagers onboard their Ships, and was the bearer of a\nverv obliging letter from his commander to M..\nde la Peyroufe. The Stay of the voyagers in.\nthe road of St. Catharine's, was protracted longer than they had expected, becaule the fouth-\nerly winds and the currents were fo Strong, as\nfrequently to interrupt their intereourfe with\nthe land.^Provifions were, fortunately, plentiful and cheap A large ox migkt be bought for\neight dollars ; a hog. of a 150 pounds weight,\nSox four dollars; two turkeys for one 5 50Q.pr-\nangeSi.for half a dollar. To procure abundance\n ROUND THE WORLD.\nIt\nof fifhes, it was neceffary only to caft and haul\nthe net. So benignantly hofpitable were the\npeople of the ifle ; that, when one of the Ship's\nboats bringing wood, happened to be overfet,\nthey not only rifked their lives to fave the failors,\nbut, at night, refigned to them their own beds,\nand themfelves lay upon mats on the floor. The\nimafts, grapnel, and colours of the boats, though\nnot found till Some days after, were not appropriated by the finders, but brought carefully on\nboard, and refiored. The officers who went out\nto Shoot on the ifle killed feveral birds of beautifully variegated plumage;, among the reft a rol-\nlier of a fine blue colour, and not defcribed by\nBuffon. The clouded fky, and the uncertainty\n| of their Stay, hindered them from making any\nconsiderable aftronomical obfervations. But,\nthey found the longitude of the moft northern\npoint of the ifle, to 0^49 deg. 49 min. W. Here,\ntoo, they were careful to provide themfelves with\nj orange and lemon trees, with the feeds of oranges, of lemons, ofthe cotton-Shrub, Indian corn,\nand the other vegetables which the inhabitants\nof the iilands of the South Sea were understood\nto be moft in want of. In the road of St. Catherine's, our voyagers could not but make themfelves very happy. At their arrival in it they\nfound, that after 96 days fail not a man of them\nwas tick. Their provisions were good ; the ut-\nmoft care was ufed to keep the air frein in all\nparts of the Ship \u00E2\u0080\u00A2, for the fake of the exercife\nneceffary to health, the crew had been called to\ndance almoft every evenrng, betwixt the hours\nof eight and ten \u00C2\u00A7 And, as they had hitherto experienced no misfortunes, their fpirits w.ere ftili\nlively.**Before their departure, M. de la Pey-\n W:\n\*W\n\u00C2\u00AB0%'>\nLA PEYROUSE S;VOYAGE\nroufe, the commander of the expedition, though*\nit prudent to give to M. de Langle, \"captain os\nL'Aftrolabe, a new and much more extenfive fet\noT fignals than they had hitherto ufed ; and they\nagreed, that if Separated, they Should next rendezvous in the harbor of Good Succefs in Le-\nmaire's Streights ; for, they were now to enter\ntempeftuous feas, under a foggy atmofphere,\nwhere new precautions were requifite. Before\ntheir departure they committed to^the care of\nthe governor, who undertook to forward thensj\ntheir packets of letters for France, addreffed to\nthe care of M. de St. Mare, the French conful-\ngenernl at LiSbon. By break of day, on the\n19th of November, they had weighed their anchors, and were under fail. In the evening ofi\nthe fame day, they had left St Catharine's, and'\nall its furrounding\"flets, behind them.\nTill the 28th of November, they enjoyed very fine weather. On that day, a violent gale of\nwind from the Eaft, affailed them. It was in\nW. long. 43 deg. 40 min. S. lat. 35 deg. 24\nmin. M. de la Peyroufe wifhed to vifit the Isle\nGrande of the maps. On the yth December,:\nthe frigates had entered the parallel of latitude\nwithin which this ifle had been fail to lie. Sea\nweeds, were feen to float by the Ships ; and they\nwere, for feveral days, furro. nded by birds of\nthe Albat^ofs and Petrel' fpecies. The Seas ro!I<-\ned mountains high around. But their Ships,\nthough not fwift failers, were well adapted to\nendure the billows and the blafts. Till the 24Mi\nof December, they kept Standing upon different\ntacks, between the 44 deg. and 45 deg. of latitude, and. in that parallel, ran down the 15 deg*\nof longitude. But, on the 27th they abandoned\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n-J\ni\ne fearch ; believm*g$hat the pretended Ifie\n'ande had no exiflence ; and that the indica-\n;>ns. of the fea-weed and the fowls were falla-\n|>us. Yet, there are probabilities which make\n,3 Ifle Grande not unworthy\" of a fearch by fome\njtur*e navigator.' Thev neceifity of hastening\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2, to double the dreaded Cape Horn in the lealt\n[favourable feafon of the year, perhaps hurried\nde ia Peyroufe to relinquifh this inquiry pre-\nLturely. On the 25th, the wind fettled at\n;uth Weft. Continuing for feveral days to\nw in this direction, it obliged the frigates to\ner W. N. W. Thefe gales ceafed :with the\nmth of December; and January proved near-\nfuch as July is, on the coaft of Europe. The\nly winds they experienced for a while, were\nvv in a direction from North-Weft to South-\neft ; and the changes of thefe winds were\naftantly indicated by previous changes in the\ntect of the Sky. Fogs arid clouds indicated an\nbroaching veering of the wind from South-\neft to Weft ; but,rwithin two hours, this was\nfays fucceeded by a variation to the JSForth-\nsft. When the fogs cleared up, the winds\nurned to the Weft and the South-Weft. In\ndays, the wind did not blow from tli2 Eaft-\nrd for m,ore than eighteen hours. Calm\nlather, for feveral days, enfued : The feas\nre ftndoth : and the officers failing out in the\nits fliot numbers of the great and fmall alba-\nffes^and of petrels of different varieties,\nich flew-around them, which afforded feme ve-\nacceptable meals of frefh meat to the failors.\n3n the 14th of January 1786, they ftruck\nund on* the coaft of Patagonia, in 47 deg.\nmin. S. Latitude, and in 64 deg. 37 min,\n 24\nLA PSYROUSE S VOYAGE\nin:\n\"W. Longitude. On the 21 ft of the fame\nmonth, they came within fight of Cape Fair\nWeather, the north point ofthe river of Galled\ngos, on the Patagonian coaft. They were, at thisj\ntime, at three leagues diftant from the land, in\nwater 41 fathoms deep, and over a bottom of argillaceous gravel. On the 22d, at noon, they\nwere off the Cape of the Virgins> bearini\nfour leagues W. The land is low, and almofti\ndeftitute of verdure. An exact view of it had beeni\ngiven by the Editor of Anfon's Voyage ; and its\npofition is accurately fixed in the Chart of Cook's\nSecond Voyage. Hitherto, the lead had always\nbrought up mud or a mixture of fmall pebbles\nwith mud. But, when they came opposite to\nTierra del Fuego, they found a rocky bottom, and only from 24 to 30 fathoms of water,\neven at three leagues diftance Irom the land.\nOn the 25 th, at two o'clock, they were a league?\nfouthward from\" San Diego, the weftern poinj\nof Le Maire's Streights. ^;At 3 o'clock, thej\nentered the ftreights ; having doubled point\nSan Diego, at three quarters of a league did\ntance from it. At the point are breakers, ex4\ntending perhaps not more than a mile ; othersi\nwhich are feen in the offing beyond, obliged thq\ni voyagers to Steer to the fouth-eaft, to avoid themj\nBut it was afterwards obferved, that thefe hreaki\ners were occaGoned by currents, and that th\u00C2\u00AE\nreefs of San Diego were a great way off. It\nblew frefh from the north ; and our voyageta\napproached within half a league of the land of)\nTierra del Fuego-\nBut as the wind was fair, and the feafon falB\nadvanced, M. de la Peyroufe abandoned his %li\ntendon of entering the harbour of Good Suc^\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n2$\ncess; and heldronwards,jwithout lofs of time,\nto double Cape'Horn. The ifland of Juan Fer-\nnandes was the place at which he now purpof-\n|ed to make the Sirft halt for the fake of refrefu-\nfments.\nAs they proceeded through the Streights, they\n[faw themfelves invited to land, by frequent fires\n[kindled by the favages, who perceived, them from\n[the Shore. They were furrounded by whales\nwhich fwam about the frigates, without alarm.\nNo place- in the world can.afford a more fuc-\n[cefsful whale fifhery than might be carried on\nhere. Their entrance into the Streights was at\n3 o'clock in the afternoon.^ Till five, they were\n[drifted rapidly fouthward, before the tide.^At\n[fiveV^he tide turned ; but a Strong breeze from\n[the north carried them ftill on, in the fame direction. So mifty was the horizon, in its eaftern\n[quarter, that they did not perceive Staten\nLand, the eaftern boundary of the Streights,\nalthough they were within lefs than 5 leagues of\nIt. They doubled Cape Horn much more eaiily\nfhan they had expected. Their . fuceefs may\nhontribute to leffen thofe terrors in regard to\njhe navigation round this promontory, which\nfhe narrative of Anforis Voyage has long excited\nimong feamen.\nOn the 9th of February, -they found them-\nelves opposite to the weftern entrance of the\nJtreights of Magelhaens, in their courfe\nor the ifland of Juan Fernandez, in the South\n>ea. But an examination of the State of their\nlores -of water and bifcuit, here induced them\no relinquish their defign of visiting that ifle,\nHid to alter their courfe for the Spanifh fettle-.\ntent of Cqnc^p#k>n, on the scoaft of Chili.\nj\n \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\n0&\nla peyrouse s voyage\nOn the morning of the 26th, they arrived within fight of the ifle of Mocha, about 50 leagues\nfouth from Conception. Afraid of being drifted northward by currents they here turned in towards the land. At 2 o'clock in the afternoon\n\u00C2\u00A9f the fame day, they doubled the point of the\nifland of Quiqjjirina. Asithe foutherly winds\nwere, now, by the ehange in their courfe, adrl\n\"verfe ; they were, from this point, obliged to\nfiand upon tack, and to keep the lead confiantly going. They in vain looked through their .glaffes,\nto difcover the city of Conception, at the bottom '\nof the bay. But pilots came on board at five\no'clock in the evening, by-whom they were informed, that the old city had been laid in ruins\nby an earthquake in the year 1751 ; and that\na new town had been built on the banks of the\nriver Biobio, about three leagues inland. From\nthe fame pilots, they received, alfo, the agreeable\nnews, that, in confequence of letters from the\n^SpaniSh Minifter, they were already expected at\nConception. At nine o'clock in the evening,!\nthey anchored in 9 fathoms depth of water, and\nnot far from the bottom of the bay. fiAt 7 next\nmorning, they weighed anchor -, and, with their j\nboats towing them a-head, entered the creek of\nTalcaguana where at 11 o'clock A. M. on the\n24th of February, 1786, they caft anchor in 7I\nfathoms depth of water, over a bottom -of black\nmud.\nThe bay of Conception is an eminently commodious harbour. Its water is fmooth, and aid\nmoft without a current. The tide, however^\nrifes fix feet three inches ; and the flood is-, at its\nheight at 45 minutes after 1 o'clock, A. M. un-,\nder the full and under the changing moon. It\n round the world.\n27\nis Sheltered from all but the north winds : And\nthefe, here, blow only in the rainy feafon from\nthe end of May to the beginning of October.\nOn the fouth-eaft Shore, off the village of Talca-\nguana, the only fettlement. now in the bay, there\nis anchorage under Slielter from the north^eaSt\nwinds of the winter. The ruins of the old\ntown of Conception are ftill to be Seen at the\nmouth of the river of St. Peter, eaftward from\nTalcaguana. In- the year 1763, the Site for the\nnew town was marked out, on the banks of the\nBiobio, at the distance of three leagues inland\nfrom the ruins of the old. It contains about\n10,000 inhabitants ; isthe feat of the Bifhop and\nof the Major-general, commander of ail the forces of the colony ; and poffeffes the epifcopal\ncathedral, and all the religious houfes. The\nbifhoprick is conterminous, on one hand, with\nthat of San Jago, the capital of the government\nof Chili; is fkirted to the eaftward by the Cordilleras ; and extends fouthward to the Streights\nof Magelhaens. But, except the ifland of Chi-\nloe, and a fmall diftrict rour-d Baldivia, the whole\ncountrv fouth from the Biobio, is inhabited by.\nIndians who own not the Spanifh. dominion,\nand who are almoft always at war with the Span-*\niards. The prefent government is wholly milir\ntarv and ecclefiafticalv: But a fuperintendant, or\ncivil governor, is about to be added to the e-ftab-\nlifhment.itt\nThe foil of the .furrounding. territory is pro-\ndigioufly fertile. The plains are covered with\nan abundant luxuriance of herbage, and with\nSlocks and herds innumerable. The increafe\nof grain is 60 fold. The vineyards are alike'\nfertile. ^Great numbers of oxen are every year\n J% |p:j\n* 1 tlS'f t.\nIf\nr\nis\np\n:\n23\nLA- PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nkilled, for the fake of tallow and hides alone,\nwhich are preferved and fent to Lima. The climate is remarkably healthy; and many of the\npeople live to an extreme old age. The commerce\" of this \"country is, however, fubject to II\nreftfictions, which prove exceedingly injurious\nto 'the general profperity of the inhabitants.\nFour or five veffels arrive every year from Lima, with fugar,tobacco, and a few articles of\nEuropean manufacture, the prices of which are\n1 by the moft exhorbitant duties.\nCU iicti J *_ t ti\nWheat, tallow, hides, a few planks, and feme\ngold, are the only exports with which payment I\ncan be inade for thofe articles of import?tion.\n\u00C2\u00BBf\u00C2\u00BBi*\nt 200.600 dollars may be\naIv\u00C2\u00BB total\nvalue\nof the gold annually collected from the fands of\nthe rivers within the bifhoprick of Conception.\nThe inhabitants gather it by lifting and .warning\nthis fand ; and to the amount of half a dollar\na day, may thus be earned by the mduftry of a\nSingle perlbn. 'But, the abundance of neceffa-\nries for fubfiftence, leaves thefe people without\nexcitements to induftry, which might animate\nthem to purfue any branch of it with perfever-\nance and fuccefs. The houfes in the city of\nConception -exhibit but little fumptuous furniture. All the aftifans aretoreigners.\nThe moft precious article of the drefs of the\nladies is a plaited p^ticoat of a gold or Silver\nStuff of the old-fafhioned manufacture of Lyons.\nMonks and nuns are very numerous in this fet-\ntlement j and their manners are Sufficiently\nprofligate. The common people,are thievifh ;\nand the virtue of the meaner women is very ea-\nfy. The principal inhabitants are diftinguifhed\nby all theWirtues of the true Spanifh character.\n bJ\n.2C0.UN& THE WORLD.\na^\nBalls and entertainments are not. unfrequent\namong them. The women are wont to cramp\ntheir feet by fmall fhoes, like thofe of China.\nThey wear their hair, without powder, hanging\nin fmall braids, down their backs. . befide the\npetticoat, they wear on the body, a boddice or\ncorfet of gold or Silver Stuff. Over this, are\nworn a. muflin and a woolen cloak ; the muf-\n.lin cloak at all times ; the woolen cloak only\nwhen in the Streets or the fields. Thefefemales\nare, in general, pretty andr polite..\nThe Indians, of Chili-have become much more\nformidable as enemies, than when this region\nwas firft conquered by the Spaniards... The horf-\nes, oxen, and Sheep, which the Spaniards introduced, have multiplied,throughout South America, to immenfe numbers*. ^The Indians have\nbecome matters of flocks and herds. They are\never on horfeback, and in arms. They journey,\nwith theu\herds,in continual excursions through\nthe defarrs. They are now a. nation of warlike\ncavalry like the ancient. Tartars of the north of\nAfia. They cover themfelves with the fkins of\ntheir cattle, feed upon their milk and flefh, and\neven drink their warm blood. Thefe circuhir\nStances, in their altered mode of life, make it not\ndifficult for them to collect armies, even of many, thoufands of men, to oppofe the Spaniards.\nFrom the Spaniards in the fettlement of Conception, our navigators experienced a warmly\nhofpitable reception. Scarcely had the frigates\nanchored at Talcaguana, whirl; M. de la Peyroufe received a polite letter of welcome, accompanied with refreshments of all forts in great\nabundance, from M. Quexada, who, in the ab*>\nfence of Major-general Higgins, commanded at\nC I\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\n #\n*^.\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nthe town of Conception. The firft care of tKej\nFrench captain, was to give orders for the refitt-j\ning of the veflcls, and to fee that the aftronom-\nical- clocks and quadrants Should be carefully de-j\npofited on fhore. The day following, Meffrs.\nde la Peyroufe and de Langel, with feveral ofj\nthe fubordinate officers and of the men of fci-\nenee, fet out for Conception, on a vifit to M.j\n.Quexada, and their other kind inviters. A detachment of dragoons efcorted them on theirs\njourney. They alighted at the hcufe of MJ\nSabatero, commandant of the artillery. They\nwere entertained with an excellent dinner. In)\nthe evening, there was a ball, at which the principal ladies of the town Were prefent, and which |\nlafted till midnight. The Trench gentlemen\nflept for the night in apartments provided for\nthem in the houfe of M. Sabatero, and of fome\nothers of the principal inhabitants of the town.\nOn the next day they viSited the biShop, and others of the principal citizens. The bifhop they?\nfound to be a man of uncommon merit. Major-general Higgins was abfentupon an expedition againft the Indians. Upon his return, he\ncame inftantly to wait upon-the French gentlemen at Talcaguana. M. de la Peyroufe, foon\nafter, gave an entertainment, in a tent pitched\nby the fea-STde, to an hundred and fifty of the\ngentlemen and ladies of Conception. After the\ndinner, the company were entertained with fire-\nworks and the flight of a paper-balloon. On\nthe following day, the commanders gave, in\nthe fame tent, a feftive entertainment to the\ncrews of the two frigates. They fat, all at one\ntable *, Meffrs. de la Peyroufe and de Langel at.\nthe head ; the reft: down to the lowcft fatlor,\n ROUND THE WORLD*\n3&\nevery one according to the rank he held. They\nate out of wooden difhes : All was gaiety : And!\nevery one felt himfelf far happier than on the\nday on which they left the harbour of Brett.\nAnother entertainment given by General Hig-\njgins, at the city of Conception, carried all the\nFrench gentlemen thither, exeept thofe officers\nwoo were detained on actual duty. The' dinner was fumptuous : All the principal inhabitants of the city were prefent : Between the different courfes, a Francifcan monk of the company, recited fome extemporary verfes in the\nSpanifh language, on the happy amity then fub-\nfifting between the French and the Spanifh' nations. A ball formed the amufement of the\nevening, and was graced by the prefence of all\nthe ladies in their beft dreffes. Some officers in\nmafks, danced a very pretty ballet. In the\nmean time, the veffels were diligently refitted;\niprovifions^wood, and water, were, with great\nalacrity, conveyed on board ; and the crew,\nhaving accomplished thefe duties before the\nday on which they knew that they were to\nfail, obtained the agreeable permission to di*\nvert themfelves for fome Short time, alfo, on\nfhore. One of their time keepers was here\nfound to have loft, on the mean movement\nof the fun, only at the rate of 3 J fee. a*day,\niftnce their departure from Brefl ; a difference of but half a fecond from its rate of\nIdaily movement at Breft\u00E2\u0080\u0094of a whole fecond\nfrom its movement at Teneriffe. Nothing but\nthe moft perfect harmony reigned between the\nFrench crews, and the people of the colony,\n(during the whele ftay of the Frerjcji in this\nharbour.\n J\na\nla peyrouse s voyage\nOn the 15 th of March, M. de la Peyroufe\nmade the Signal to prepare to fail. J^Contrary\nwinds, however,.detained them, till the 17th.\nAbout noon, on the 17th, a light breeze from the\nS. W. enabled them to leave the harbour. But,\nthey were becalmed in a Strongly fwelling fea,\nbefore they had advanced* more than two,\nleagues from its mouth. During the night,\nthey were furrounded by whales, which, from\ntheir fpiracles, ejected water on board the Ships.\nBut, no whale fifhery has ever been attempted\nin thefe feas. On the 19th, a foutherly wind\nenabled the frigates to affume,the direction to\nthe iflan^Jof Juan Fernandez. They were,-\nhowever, difappointed in their attempt to find\nthat ifle, on account of the inaccuracy of thofe\nauthorities to which they trufted, in refpect to\nits pofition. On the 23d, they were in the\nSouth latitude of 39 deg. 28 min. and accords\ning to their time-keepers in the Weft longitude\nof 85 deg. 51 min. On the 24th the wind fettled at Eaft 1 Nor did it vary 5 deg. till they\ncame within 120 leagues of Eafier Ifland. On\nthe 3d of April, in South latitude 27 deg. 5\nmin. and in \o \ deg. Weft longitude, the winds\nblew upon them from N. E. to S. W- On the\n8th of April, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon,\nthey came within fight of Eafter Ifland. The\nfea was then high.: The wind blew from the\nNorth ; and for the four preceding days, the\nwinds had been continually- fhifting fey Weft,\n|om North to South. In. the night, th^>|rig-\nates kept in a parallel direction to the coaft of\nEafter Ifland, at three leagues diitance from\nit. At day-break, they Steered for Cook's Bayt\n ROUND THE WORLD..\n33\nwhich is, of all thofe in the ifle, the beft Sheltered from winds blowing from the Eaft. The\niflanders foon faw their approach;\" and, in e\u00C2\u00BB$?\nnoes, haftened out to meet them.\nk.UKfe.1 ;\u00C2\u00BBl>l\u00C2\u00BBjftjf)Mi^Ag>*-~-..f\n m\nm.\nLA PEYROUSE's YOYi^E*\nCHAP. III.\nNarrative of the Voyage continued', from their ar-\\nrival at Eafier Ifland, on the ojh of April,\n1786,//// their departure from the Sandwich\nIfles, on the \fi of June. Defcriptton of Eafier\nIfland, with fome particulars concerning thei\nSandwich Ifles.\nJ[N Easter Island, Cock's Bay, the only harbour in thefe latitudes that is Sheltered from the'\n\u00C2\u00A3aft and South-Eaft winds, is Situate in 27 deg.\n11 min. South Latitude, in in deg. 55 min.\n30 fee. Weft Longitude. After doubling the\ntwo rocks at the fouthern point of the ifle, and\ncoafting along at the diftance of a mile from the\nShore, a Ship comes within fight of a fmall,-\nfandy creek. When this creek bears to it in\nthe direction of Eaft by South, the two rocks being at the fame time hidden under the point -r\nanchorage will then be found in twenty fathoms\nwater, with a fandy bottom, at a quarter of a\nleague's diftance from the Shore. Early in the\nmorning of the 9th of April, the French voyagers landed, with fomewhat of military parade,\nintended to Strike with awe the- minds of the lfl-j\nanders, who crowded round them.\nThe coaft of the ifle, here, rifes to the height\nof about twenty feet above the level of the fea.\nFrom the fea-beach, the furface afcends with a\ngentle acclivity, for about 700 or 8co toifes, to\nthe balls of the interior hills. This Sloping\nplain is covered with herbage fit for the pafture\nof eattle ; and over the grafs, fmooth, round\nStones, of a considerable Size, are carelefsly fca%\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n35\nt ered. The ifle is bare of wood, and without\nfprings or Streams of water. The interior hills\nappear.-^) have been once the orifices of volca-\nnoes long Since extinguished.= Scarcely a tenth\npart of the ifland is under cultivation. The coaft\nis not known to abound with fifties. Very few\nfowls are to be found on the ifle. The hills are\ncovered with volcanic Stones. .The foil is a very\nfertile mould, compofed of the remains of vege-\ntables.;||\u00C2\u00BB.At the South end of the ifland is feen\nthe crater of an extinguished volcano, in the form\nof a truncated cone, and of extraordinary extent,\ndepth, and regularity. Tts depth is, at lea ft,\n800 feet: Its lower bafe forms a perfect circle :\nIts bottom is marfhy, and contains large pools\nof freSh water : Around the marfh are fome\nplantations of banana and mulberry trees. The\ncone is not only truncated, but inverted ; its upper being wider than its under circumference.\nA great breach appears to have been produced,\nof one third in the height of, the whole cone,\n; to one tenth part of the breadth of its upper\ncircumference. | The earth, and ftory fragments\nfrom the breach, have fallen down towards the.\nfea :. And grafs has fprung up, over the whole\ncone. At the bottom of the crater, in the marfh,\n; v/ere feen fome terns. The uncultivated part\n, of the ifland is covered, up to the tops of the\nhills, with a coarfe grafs. &A few bufhes of the\n! mimofa, the largeft branches of which were not\n: more than three inches in diamater, were the on-\nl.y wild ligneous plants to be feen.\nThe people appeared to live difperfed in fmall\nfeparate communities ; each community occupying one common habitation ; perhaps culfir\nmating their diyifion of the ground, and enjoy-\n LA PEYR0USE S VOVAGX\nkrgiits fruits in^pommon ; not very attentive,-*!\nmay be, to the distinctions of chaftity, the purity\nof virgin innocence, or ^e fan&ity of the marriage-bed; obeying each, one\u00C2\u00AB chief; and depof-\niting the bodies of their dead in one commfHI\nburying-place. The whole population of the\nifle may be about 2000 fouls. The men have\nreforted to the fea-fhqre, on the approach of\nShips from Europe, in numbers fo much greater\nthan thofe of the women by whom they were\naccompanied, that fome navigators have been\nled to imagine the proportion between the males\nand females to be very unequal in Eafter Ifland.\nBut, vifits to the interior parts of the ifle, and to\nthe houfes, have afforded ireafon for thinking,\nthat the inequality cannot be, at all, fuch as it\nwas once fufpected to be. They have few or\nno domeftic animals.^But^tiaey cultivate Tegita-\nbles for their means of fubfiitence, with fufficient\nneatnefs and Skill, although with no very laborious induftry. Their fields under cultivation,\nare regular oblong figures. Yams^potatoes^j\nbananas, are the vegetables which they commonly cultivate. It is probable that they dig holes\nivith wooden*ftakes, and in thefe drop their feed-\nplants. They have no means of cooking their\nvegetables with Sire, for eating, otherwife than\nby heating a hole in the earth ; into which they\ntfeen put their yams or potatoes ; covering them\nwith hot earth or Stones, and keeping them in\nthis ftatey tilLthey are fuSficiently roafbed, to be\nfit for being eaten. One of their houfes, meaf-\nured by M. de la Peyroufe, was found to be in\nthe form of a canoe reverfed 31\u00C2\u00A9 feet in length ;\n10 feet broad; and, at the middle, 1\u00C2\u00A9 feet in\nlaie^ht|f$ttch a houfe as4hismay po/Sbly form,\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n37\nwith the addition of one or two fmalier ones,\n:even a whole village. Pillars of lava, cut oj$e\nin a manner fufficiently ingenious and artificial,\n18 inches in thicknefs, and of a due height,\nfrom the fides of thefe houfes, and Support the\nroof. Between thefe pillars of ftone, are reeds,\narranged with fuch Skill, as to form a fufficient\ndefence againft rains. Holes bored in the pillars reeeive the ends of wooden poles, with which\nan arched roof is formed^! Over thefe poles is\nanother thatching of reeds. Some of their\nlioufes are fubtssrranean, and of the fame form.\nThey make cloth off&e bark of the mulberry-\ntree. But tfae drought feems tohave greatly injured their plantations of thefe trees. Such as\nHill remain, are farrounded with fences and do\na\u00C2\u00ABOt rife above three feet in height. They-know\nnothowto form wellsand refervoirs,1 to fupply the\nnatijfeal fcarcity of freflrwater under which they\nfuffer. But they have been even feen to drink\nthe fea water like the Albatroffes, in a manner\nwhich feems to fay, that neceflity and habit can\naccuftom man to every thing. Their canoes are\nformed of very narrow planks^ '\"which are only\n4 or 5 feet inlength.^For want of wood,they are,\nat prefent, net numerous, and muftprobahibbe-\ncome ftiil fewer. Butithey fwim with wonderful Strength and dexterity, even in the moft tempestuous State of the feas. They will thus go,\neven to the diftance of two leagues from the\nmore, and wiH,in frolic, isltbofe thofe very places where tnefurf is feen to-bseak with the great-\naiftifury. Befide their potatoes, yams, and bananas, they have luVewMe*lugar-canes, and a fmall\ngrape-like fruit that grows upon the rocks on the\nfeavfhore. Whey cultivate alfo the*garden nignt*\nD\n 3S LA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nfhade, for fome culinary purpofe, no doubt*-\nThe ifland exhibits fome remains of human\nworks, which feem to befpeak it to have been\nonce inhabited by a numerous population, and\nthofe more capable of magnificent defigns than\nthe prefent race. Terraces are here and -mere\nraifed is a manner fufficiently arfificial. On\nthefe terraces ftand fome gigantic bufts of human figures, the monuments of ancestors, or the\nStatues of fancied gods. The largeft of thefe\nrude bufts, being meafured by tltb French navigators, was found to be 14 feet 6 inches in\nheight, 7 feet 6 inches in breadth acrofs the\nihoulders, 3 feet in thicknefs round the belly, 6\nfeet broad and 5 feet thick, at the bafe. There\nis room to conjecture,' that, in more ancient\ntimes, this ifle was covered with wood; and, in\nconfequence of the attraction which its woods\nexerted upon the moifture of the atmofphere,\nwas furnished with fprings and Streams of wat&r.j\nIn thofe times, its population might be more numerous than at prefent ; the fyftem of fubordi-\nnation might be different ; and the eafy condition of life, and the abundance of popul&ton,\nmight encourage to works.of art, which, in the\nprefect impoverifhed State of th&ifie, are no longer poffible. \ncount was found to differ nearly 5 deg. from the\nLongitude by obfervation : a difference com-\nmenfurate with the influence of Ae cu^ents.\nIn this courfe, the vigilance of M. de la Peyroufe was continually awake. He was pat&cu-\nlarly attentive to afcertain the fact of the existence of that cluiter of rfles, which the Spaniards\npretend to have difcovered in thefe latitudes,\nand which they have named La Mesa, Los Ma*\njos, La Disgraciada. Every refearch and calculation, at laft, confpired to convince him, thai\nfuch ifles haye no existence diftinct from that of\n%e Sandwich Isles. It is remarkable that the\nEnglifh navigator, DkkfortV who, in the yean\nr 7 86 and 1787, likewife failed in tferife-latitiades\nmaking the fame refearisbes, was led to draw tjrij\nfame concluhon. Cook, howevei^the true dif\ncoverer ofthe Sandwich Ifles, ha^ neither iden<\ntified the Spanifh iflands with his own, nor ye\nexpl-dcd them from the map. On the 7th o\nMay, in 80 deg. N; Lat. numbers of petrefe, o\u00C2\u00AB\nman-of-war birds, and of twpic birds, began &\n\u00C2\u00A7l\u00C2\u00A9ver. round the two frigates^ Turtles, abou\ndie fame time, paffed near, fo that L, Aftpolabi\ncaught two of them. Till the 14th, the fam;\n ROUND Teach. Froia\nthe heights copious waters are feen, almoft every where, to defeend in Streams, of which thi|\ncourfe prefents a variety of cafcades > and, aStcr\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n47\nWatering the numerous plantations of the natives., to fall gently into the fea. The hills are\nclothed with a rich and lively verdure. Banana\ntrees, in great numbers, furround tire habitations : and fo abundantf% the population, that a\nfpace of three or four leagueijmay be taken, at a\nfirft view, for one continued village. Such is\nthe firft afpect of this ifle, to navigators approaching at fome fmall diftanee. Nearer the\ngroupes begin to be broken and dyperfed -; and\nohjects Un$>leafing or uninteresting are intermin-\nj glddjwitlpthofe which, more remotely feen, pre-\nI fented but one affemblage of the beautiful and\nthe ftr$kingl5jp picturefque. The foil of the ifle is\nwholly formed of lava and other vofcanic mat*\npttfs comminuted or decompofed. Hogs, ba-\n| nanas, potatoes, are the principal objects which\nthe hufbandry of the natives cultivate for their\nfubfiftence. (ffl the bark of the paper-mulberry tree, they manufacture large quantities of\nrekftlfci They cover the floors of their houfiii\nwith mats of a considerably ingenious texture,\nLarge calabafhes, united by means of a glue capable of refitting moifture, varniShed, moulded\nI into various forms, and ornamented with figures which are Sketched upon them in black,\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 form one of the moft elegant and commodious\n| articles of this people's kitchen utenfils. The\nhouies are low Straw-feiilt huts, not unlike to\nrthofe of our pooreft peafants ; the roof nearly in\nthe form of an ifofodes triangle; the door, at\nthe gable end, not more than three feet and an\nhail in height; aeceffible only to a perfon Stoop-\nling, and fastened but by a Single latch. When\nthe torrents from the mountain^ fail, brackift\nF wafer from fhallow wells is the only re%^rce of\n MM\nft\n48\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nthe inhabitants of Mowee for drink. Here, as\nin the other iflands of the South Sea, the defi*j\ncate fan&ity of female chaftity appears to be Un-i\nknown and unvalued. But the female form is\nhere invefted with few of the graces or elegancies, even of rude favage beauty ; and the venj\u00C2\u00A3*J\nreal difeafe, however introduced, has made ravages the moft terrible and the moft univerfal.\nThe people of Mowee, with thofe of the other\nSandwich ifles, have been accufed of the horrid\npractice of offering human facrift\"ces, to propitiate their deities, and of delighting themfelves\noccafionally to feaft on limbs which were once\nwarm with human life. The Engtj(h navigators\nappear-to have eftablifhed this fact, which it is\nfo painful to believe, upon evidence too Strong\nto be refifted. La Peyronie, with a gentlenefsi\nand benignity, which would gladly vindicate human nature from the charge of the moft^favage\ncrime by which it can be degraded, has endeal\nvoured too ineffectually to convince us that can-\nnibalifm is here unknown,. From the kindndil\nof thofe Europeans, by whom they have been, at\ndifferent times, v&ted, thefe ifles hare derivedl\nfupplies of our moft valuable domeftic animals ;\nbulls, oows, goats, ewes and rams. Trees from\nmany different countries have&een here planted;\nand the feeds of the moft ufeful vegetables fown.\nIron, and the moft ufeful implements of induf-\ntry, have been introduced. A fubordinStiojl\nfubfifts, by which the chiefs and priefts enjoy an\nabfolute power. The canoes framed wkh out-}\nriggers ; each, in the common fize, about 24j\nfeet in length, 1 foot broad, 1 foot deep ; capa-j\nble of holding from three to five men ; yet not!\nexceeding 50 or 60 pounds in weight \ and cm-\n ^TW\nGROUND THE WORLD,\n49\nployed in couffes of navigation to the extent\neven of 6\u00C2\u00A9 leagues,; difplay very extraordinary\ningenuity, both in their ufe and Structure. Yet\nthe arts, in general, are here in a State lower than\nthat in which they appear in Eafter Ifland ; and\na long time muft, in all probability, elapfe, before the fciences, the rectitude of moral intelligence, the beneficial civil policy, and that happy\nimprovement of the agricultural and the mechanic arts\u00E2\u0080\u0094which diftinguifhed civilized mankind from favages and barbarians\u00E2\u0080\u0094can be ef-\nI tablifhed among the native inhabitants of Mo-\nI wee or Owhyhee. In their intercourfe witji\nthe French, thefe people Showed an unteazing,\nunprovoking gentlenefs, an honefty little prone\nto^theft, a fagacioirs caution, and yet a fairnefs\nin commerciafdealing, by which they were very\nadvantageoufly distinguished from the inhabitants of Eafter Ifland. They were, in particular, careful, in the fail of their hogs and fruits,\nnot to fpoii the market by offering large quantities, at once, to the purchafers, but to produce\nhog after hog, and one fmall quantity of bananas\nand potatoes flowly after another, that the eager-\nnefs of the buyers, and, by confequence, the\n> prices, might ftill bekept up.\nIt was on the 22d of May 1786, that ourvoy-\nl-agers landed ononis* ifle. They happened to\ncome on fhore in a place towards which none\nof thofe Streams of water defcended, which they\njhad feen at a diftance. Their landing was ef-\ni fected in four boats; in the two foremoft of\nwhich were 2\u00C2\u00A9 armed foldiers under-the com-\njmandof Lieutenant de Pierrevert, while M.\n! de Langle, with fuch officers and paffengers as\nwere not by duty-detained on board* went in the\n So\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nand the E. S. E. poiatsof the com-\npafs. The more was covered with drifted wood*\nThe fea broke upon J& with fuch violence, that\nM. de Monti, the officer commanding the boats,\nhad very great difSculty in effecting a landing-\nM. de la Peyroufe, in compliment to M. de\nMonti, named the creek De Monti's Bay.\nAn English voyager, Dickfon, vifited this fame\npart of the American coaft in the year following*!* His narrative of his voyage makes it probable, that the conjecture of La Peyroufe was\nnearer to the truth than the obfervations of his.\nofficers. The Port Mulgrave of Dickfcn?\n ROUND THE WORLD.\ndiffers in pofition but by a few minutes of Longitude and Latitude from the bay of De Monti.\nIt fhould feem that the miftake of the French\nofficers muft have arifen from their trufting too\nhaftily to the firft appearances at the mouth of\nthe bay ; and from their hence neglecting to penetrate fufficiently far towards its bottom.\nSoon after the return of his boats, M. de la\nPeyroufe turned the courfe of the frigates from\nthe coaft 'r failing towards the S. E. under a\nbreeze which arofe with considerable brifkneSs\nfrom the N. W. The wind, after man^ variations, blew atlaft for 24 hours, Strong and ftea-\ni dy, from the E. The night was foggy, yet calm.\nI On the 28th of June in 59 deg. 19 min. N. Lat.\nin 142 deg. 41 min. W. Long, the weather became more moderate. A heavy fog now hung\n; upon the Coaft. But the mercury began to rife\nin the barometer ; and expectations of Still fair-\n\ er weather were naturally excited. The courfe\nof the frigates was ftill fouthward along the\ncoaft. At 5 o'clock in the evening, they were\nbut 3 leagues from land, with a muddy bottom*.\nOnthe 29th,they were in 59 deg. 20 minjj&N.\nLat. in 142 deg. 2 min. W. Long, in the,o6urfe\n' of 24. hours their progrefs had been deflected 24\nmiles to the eaftward. Even amid the fogs, they\ncould at intervals perceive the low-lands of the\ni coaft, from which they had never been farther\n; than 4 leagues diftant. Their foundings were\nnow regularly from 60 to 70 fathoms, with a\nmuddy bottom. They fuppofed themfelves to\nj be but 5 or 6 leagues eaftward from the Behr-\ning's Bay of Cook. They fet their fails for the\n; land ; and approached it under a very light\nbreeze from W. \u00C2\u00A7\u00C2\u00A3;W. A bay feemed to open\n 58\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nbefore them ; but when they came nearer, they\ncould See, that what they had I fuppofed a bay,\nwas nothing but the abrupt meeting of high with\nlow lands at the coaft. They eaft anchor where\nthere was 30 fathoms depth of water, with a\nmuddy ground. The boats of the two frigates,\nunder the command of Meffrs. de Clonard and\nMarchainville, were fent out to explore the coaft.\nThey found at the mouth \u00C2\u00A9*f a great river discharging itfeif into the fea, by two not inconsiderable channels, a fandy bank, which rofe to\na level with the water. For five or fix hours,\nthey fought for an entrance into thefe channels.\nBut, both were fhut up by the fandy bars, again ft\nwhich the fea broke with fuch force, that it was\nimpoffible for the boats to approach them. Beyond the fand-basks, indeed, within the channels, they could perceive fmoofh water in a ba-\nfon of two leagues in length, and feven leagues\nin breadth. Smoke, befpeaking the country to\nbe inhabited, was alfo feen on the Shore. There\ncan be no doubt,, but that: which appeared to\nthe French voyagers to be the mouth of a great\nriver, is the Behring's Bay of Cook,JJ La Peyroufe gave it the name of Behring's River*\nIt is not impoffible, but that, fmce the French\nvoyager approached nearer to the land than the\nEnglifh, the former may be more correct, in\naffirming the existence of the mouth of a river\nhere, than is the latter, when he fpeaks merely\nof a bay. From this fcene, the two frigates\nfailed along the land at two or three leagues\ndiftance from it ; and under a light breeze\nfrom the W. With the affiftance of their per-\nfpective glaffes they could fee people on the\nI Shore. But the fea was reverberated from the\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n5?\n^ach in thofe tremenduous billows to which\nthe failors gave the name of breakers ; and of\nwhich the- overwhelming fury rendered all landing in thefe fcenes utterly impoflible. At noon,\non the 2d of July, in 58 deg. 36 min. N. Lat.\nin 140 deg. 31 min. W. Long, they found\nthemfelves oppofite to Mount Fairweather,\nat,two leagues diftance from the land. They\ndifcovered, at 2 o'clock in the afternoon of the\nfame day, at a place fomewhat eaftward from\nCafe Fairweather, a retrocession of the coaft,\nwhich was gradually perceived to retire inwards,\nfo as to form a fine bay. Towards that bay\nthey immediately directed their cpurfe. Three\nboats were difpatched to examine it. A reef\nof rocks, about 300 toifes in length, with a fuf-\nficiently acceflible opening at one end, contiguous to a point of the continent, was feen to protect this bay from the tumultuous billowings of\nthe waves of the open fea beyond. Within\nthis reef of rocks, the waters were calm and\nfmooth. Of the inlet at its one end, the depth\nwas found to be in the middle, 7 or 8 fathoms ;\nat the diftance of 20 toifes from either fide, c\nfathoms. The depth within the bay was 10 or\n12 fathoms, with a fafe bottom. Satisfied of\nthefe particulars, by the information of the-of-\nficers who had gone in the boats, M. de la Peyroufe refolved to conduct the frigates into tn\u00C2\u00A3\nbafon. At 7 o'clock in the evening, they w&re\nbefore the inlet: but the winds blew faintly,\nand the tide was then ebbing with an impetuosity of current, in oppofition to which the Ships\nwere not able to advance. During the night,\nthey waited near without cafting anchor. In\nthe morning, new obfervations, made by the of-\n SmSijilj; \i\nm f\nLA PEYROUSE'S VOYAGI\nficers of L} Aftrolabe, encouraged them ail to renew their attempts to enter. After fome diffi-|\nculties, the flowing tide carried both the frigates]\ninto the bay ; forcing them into a pofition within half a piftol (hot of rocks, on which almoftj\nthe fmalleft movement farther would have fhat-]\ntered them in pieces. They both eaft anchor]\nat half a cable's length from the more ; and in]\nthree fathoms and a half water, with a rocky]\nbottom. Once or twice La Bouffole flightlji\ntouched the rocks with her keel; fortunately,\nhowever, without fuffering the fmalleft damage.]\nDuring 30 years experience in navigation, MJ\nde la Peyroufe had never feen two Ships fo near!\nto being loft, and yet efcaping from the danger.]\nBut it was not immediately poflible to move from!\ntheir prefent pofition to fafer anchoring ground.\nAfter a Short time, an excellent bed of fand\nwas found at four cables length of diftance from]\ntheir firft fituation, with 10 fathoms of water\nover it: at a farther diftance into the bay, no\nhottom could be found, even at 60 fathoms, ex-]\ncept at half a cable's length from the Shore,\n\"where was a muddy bottom under 30 fathoms]\nwater. At the bottom of the bay was difcovered]\nan ifland, near which there was anchorage in 20\nfathoms depth of water, with a muddy bottom.\nOn that ifle, abundance of wood lay ready cut)\nand carelefsly fcattered along the groundJ\nStreams of excellent water were precipitated inj\ncataracts from the mountains. Beyond the\nifle, the fea was covered with blocks of ice ;\nand the entrances of two extenfive channels\nwere difco\;ered at a diftance. At 4 o'clock in\nthe afternoon, the frigate, La Bouffole, was)\n'warped-in upon the above mentioned bed of\n ROUND THE VhORLD.\n61\nfand. L'Aftrolabe, with betterJfticcew, gained\nat once the anchorage adjacent tb the ifle. On\nthe day following, a light breeze from the S. E.\nenabled La Bou&Ie, with theaSfiftance of the\nboats, to join her. To the whole bay, a bay of\nwhich thefe navigators were the firft difcover-\ners, M. de la Peyroufe gave the name of Port\nbe Francois.\nOn the continent adjacent to Port de Francois, inhabit fome favage tribes, with whofe existence and manners our voyagers had now an\nopportunity of becoming acquainted : They appeared to worfhip the Sun. With the fpeech-\nes, in their moft folemn tranfactions, was, occasionally, intermingled a plaintive mufic, not unlike to the Pfalm tunes of the Christian wor-\nShip ; or to thofe fweet melancholy airs, which\nBlare nnderftood to constitute the better part of the\nnative mufic ofthe Scots. Dancing to the founds\nof their own voices likewife accompanies fome\nof their moft folemn tranfactions. They fub-\n-fift partly by fifhing, in part by hunting. They j\nare acquainted with trTe ufe of iron ; and have,\nby various means, either in direct intercourfe\nwith Europeans, or by tranfmiffion through intermediate hands, acquired considerable quantises of it. That amphibious animal, the fea-\notter, is the conftant object of their hunting\npurfuit. It receives from them the name of\nSkecter. Its weight, at its full growth, |snay be\nabout 70 pounds. Its fkin furnlfhes a very valuable fur. Thefe fay ages were understood by\ntheir French vifitors, to have their habitations\nat feme diftance on the continent, yet often to\nrefort to the ifle nigh which the frigates. Jay at\n^anchor. A tomb, which fome Frenchmen had\n 6a\nLA PXYJReTJSE S VOYAGE\nan -\u00C2\u00A9pportunity of examining, . mowed thefe\n-Americans to have the cuflom of burning the\nthe bodies of their dead.ff The head alone is\npreferved unburnt,, and carefully wrapped up in*\na number of fkins. For the monument, a fmall\nwooden chamber is elevated on four poles. The\nhead with the aShes are depofited in a coffin, and\nplaced within that chamber. The canoes, in\nwhich thefe Indians adventure upon the fea, are\nformed each of the trunk of a tree, hollowed,\nraifed at the fides by planks which are fewed fiji\nits bottom, having, like our boats, timber and\nwales,well executed in the woodwork, and covered over with feal fkins, fewed together with;\nadmirable clofenefs and nicety. In winter,\nwhile they truft to the chace for the means of\nfubfiftence, they are often unavoidably liable to\nperifh by famine.-Min fummer, the falmons of\nthe rivers form the principal article of their food:\nand thefe they takewith eafe and in an abundance\nwhich makes it poflible for- them to be idle and\ngluttonous to any degree they pleafe.H Gaming\nis the frequent amufemc^t of their indolence ;\nand they run into all its worft mifchiefs, with\nmoft furious and moft perfevering ardor of paf-\nfion. To the French ftrangers, they difplayed\ntheir moral principles and feelings in a light\nShockingly unamiable. They beheld diftreljjjj\nwithout fympathy; they robbed their benevolent vifitants, the moft readily, at thofe very moments, when thefe were carefling and loading\nwith prefents themfelves and their c&ldren.\nOne or two of the Frenchmen could at no time\nStroll to any diftance on the coaft, without being liable to be furrounded, and forcibly deprived of every thing valuable about tjiem, by\n ROtfND THE WORLD.\ntfiefe rapacious natives. A village of three \u00C2\u00A92\nfour wooden Sheds was obferved by our voyav\ngers near the fhore. | Thefe fheds were, each, 2'ca\nfeet in length, and 15 in breadth; covered only\non that fide which was the moft expofed to the\nftorms,vwith. planks or with the bark of trees;\nand having in the middle a Sire, around which\niwerehung falmons and other fifties to.be dried\nin the frnqke. Each Shed appeared to lodge 18\nor 20 perfons. On one fide fat their women\nand- children ; on the other were She men.\n[Eacjg Shed feemed to be the feat of a distinct fo-\nciety. Each had its own canoe and itsowna\nchief. The movements and defigns of the company in every different Shed feemed to be entirely\nindependent, of the inhabitants of the others.\nC4rcurriftances appeared to indicate, that the re-\nifideoce of thefe Americans, upon this bay, was\nibikt occafihnal and temporary. They perhaps\nipafs the fuoimer here for fifhing; but in the winter retire into the interior country to purfue\nI the chace. Within and around their dwellings,\nthe moft difgufting naftinefs prevailed. They\nprepare their fifties for food, in wooden veffels,\nwhich, though ufed alike for kettle, difh, and\n[plate, are never warned.- Being without pots of\neither iron or that lapis ollaris,.which has been\nfound in ufe among the natives of fome of the\nN. E. parts of the American continent >^ftgf:\nhave no means to make water boil, Save by'i|||;-\nmerfing into it Stones, which they have made\nred-hot in the fire. Their method of roafting\nnearly refembles that which is practifed by foldiers in a camp. In furnmer they feek their\nfood like the feals, wandering from bay to bay.\nIn winter they penetrate into the interior conn-\n LA ^EYROUSE's VOYAGE\"\nifsfct;\nma\nM\nBr.\n:\ntry, and hunt the beaver and other animals.\nFrom the tendernefs of the foles of their feet,\nwhich, though always naked, are never callous,\nit mould feem that they travel little, except hi\ncanoe.s|\"or with fnow rackets^ Their only domestic animal is the dog, of a fpecies wild, carnivorous, and dangerous; in form and Size not\nunlike to the common fhepherd's dog, rarely\nbarking, but emitting an hifs fimilar to that of\nt^e jackall of Bengal. The drcfs of thefe people is Simple, yet in fome particulars oddly fantastic. The head is ufually covered with a\nfmall hat of Straw, very neatly plaited. Or, in\nfeme instances, two horned bonnets of eagle's^\nfeathers, or even the whole head of a bear, having a wooden fcull-cap fixed to it, appear inftead\nof the Straw hat. Some were feen to wear a\nfort of robe of otter's fkin, or of the tanned fkin\nofthe elk, bordered with a jangling fringe of\ndeers hooves and the beaks of birds. The car-\ntillages of the ears and the nofe are pierced to\nreceive different ornaments. On their breafts\nand arms they may make fears with a Sharp\nedged instrument, which they jare accuftomed\nto whet on their teeth. With a piece of fand-\nftone, wrought into the form of a tongue, they\nfile down their teeth to the gums. Ochre, foot,\nand plumbago, mingled with fifli oil, are employed by them in painting frightfully the face\nand the other parts of the body.s Dreffed in\nwhat they themfelves account the manner the\nmoft fumptuous and elegant, they wear the hair\nflowing at full length, entwined with the down\nofTea-fowls, and plentifully powdered. Some\nfew instances of tattooing on the arms, were ob-\nferved among the women. Young girls, who:\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n6cs\nhave not yet attained the age of puberty, univer-';\ntally pierce the under-lip, and fix in it a needle, as a conftant ornament. When . they have \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nadvanced beyond the age of puberty, the orifice\nwhich was formed by' the needle, is enlarged,\nby flitting the lower lip*at- the root of the gums,\nfor the whole widenefs of the mouth. Into this\nis now inferted a fort of wooden bowl without\nhandles^ very nicely formed, and deftined to be\nworn as a perpetual ornament, which they will, ,\nat no time, even for a moment lay afide, without extreme confufion and reluctance. The\ngeneral drefs of thefe women is more carelefs-\nand filthy than that ofthe men. Their countenances, naturally wild and harfh, are inexpreW-\nfibly disfiguered by the laceration ofthe under\nlip. Their whole perfons appeared to the French\nStrangers, to be the moft fqualid and difgufting\nupon earth. %Yet, amorf^ the failors there were\nfome who were fo brutally lafcivious as to fo-\nlicit their favours. They at firft Showed fome-\nwhat of coy reluctance, and hinted their fears of\nthe jealoufy of their men.g^ PreSents overcame\nthis reluctance; and they then chofe rather to\nproftitute themfelves on the open Shore, in the\nface of the fun, than to retire under the more\nmodeft concealment of the woods. It is not to\nhe diffembled, that Dixon, the Englifh voyager,\nwho vifited this coaft, foon after M. de la Peyroufe, has given a lefs difgufting picture of\njthefe females. | He fays, that when one of them\nIwas perfuaded to wafh herfelf clean, her form\nand countenance, (but -for the disfigurement of -\nthe under lip,) appeared much to refemble a\nItandfome Englifh milkmaid. In ftature, thefe i\ntaeople were perceived to differ little from thei* they could not fail, to attract the furious vifits of all who admire the1\nbeauties and the wonders of external nature.\n ROU^fD THE WORLD.\n,7\nThe mountains have their bafes in the fea; form\na fort of quay upon the Shore ; and thence af-\ncend with an acclivity fo rapid and precipitous,\nthat even the wild goats cannot climb them\nabove the firft two or three hundred toifes of\ntheir height. Ice and fnow -fill the interjacent\ngullies. No trees nor other plants overfpread\nthefe mountains. Granites and fchiftus com-\npofe their Strata. Thefe are the great primitive\nmountains. Secondary mountains, of inferior\nelevation, form the fides of the harbour. feOf\nthefe the height is not more than from 80\u00C2\u00A9 to\n00a toifes. Pines rife over their fides ; and\nbeneath is a carpet of verdure. They are not\nabfolutely inaccefllble, yet extremely difficult to\nbe climbed. The fnow appears only on their\nfummits. The French naturalists, with infinite\nfatigue,'made their way almoft to the tops of thefts\nfecondary mountains. But it was in the vales\nthey foughttheirfpecimensof the different matters\ncompofing the ftrata, interfperfed among them.\nOchre ; cupraceous pyrates ; granites, brittle,\nlarge, and perfectly chryftaiized ; fchorl in chryf-\ntals; granite ; fchiftus; horn-ftone; pure quartz,;\nmica ; plumbago ; and coals; were the different minerals of which their collections exhibited Specimens.\nNo fooner had the two frigates been fixed at\nanchor near the ifle, which was mentioned\nabo|e > th311 ^e voyagers turned themfelves to\nform a Settlement on that ifle, for the time of\ntheir. Stay in the harbour. They pitched tents\nfor their frniths and fail-makers ; and took out\nthe calks from the holds of the Ships to be there\nrefitted. The Indians had none of their habita-\ntionson the ifle. Here, there/ore, it was fup-\npofed that their thefts might be without quarrel\n lw-$a\nLA PSYROTSE S VOYAGE\nor ^olence, avoided. Some fire-arms and artn>\nlery were difcharged in their prefenee, to con-\nvinCethem, that, however lenient, the ftrangeri\nwere fufhciently powerful to reprefs and punifaj\ninjury. Whatever might happen, it was deter-f\nmined to employ no iorce againft the natives ;\nbut, to excite the vigilance of the crews, M. de\nla Peyroufe fettled, that the men who fuffered a\nlofs by the thett of the Indians, Should be purm\nifhed for that negligence^ by which the theft had\nbeen allowed to take effect. But the avidity and\ningenuity of the natives, often defeated all thefe\nprecautions. At one time, in particular, they\nlanded from their canoes on the ifle, by night ;\nftole through the woods, gliding like adders on\ntheir bellies, uttering not a whifper, fcarcely\nStirring a leaf; made their way, unobferved,\nthrough a guard of 12 foldiers into a tent, in\nwhich Meffrs. de Laurifton and Darbaud, thfl\n\u00C2\u00A9fficers of the guard, lay afleep ; took away the\nclothes of thefe two gentlemen from under thelf\npillows, without awakening them ; and conveyed this booty? together with a mufket mounted\nwith Silver, and a memorandum book of aftra\nnomical obfervations, off in perfect fafety, and\nundetected. The boats, in the mean time, cas\nried wood and water on board the Ships ; and\ndifferent working parties were employed in. the\ndiligent performance of ah* the neceffary labours^\nMeffrs. de Monneron and Betnizet, with an artt^j\ned company of the failors and foldiers, proceed^\ned in a boat to explore the bay. They looked\nwith awe at the grand appearances which natun\nexhibited towards its bottom. A baSbn of unfathomable depth, furrounded *by fnow covered\nmountains of an elevation to which the ey<\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n/J\nfeared to exalt its gaze ; no breath of air ruffling\nthe furface of thefe waters 5 nought disturbing\nthe awful fcalm and filence, fave from time to\ntime the fall of enormous maffes of ice, from\nthofe icy piles which arofe amidft the mountains : Thefe were the circumstances of awful\nSublimity, which here prefented themfelves to\nthe imagination of the beholders. From this\nbafon, the French voyagers wifhed to penetrate\nfarther, hoping that it might communicate with\nfome channels, which would conduct the^m into\nthe interior parts of America. A weftern channel opened before them. They entered it; and\nproceeded till their courfe was interrupted by\ndreadful piles of ice and fnow. An eaftern\nchannel was with iimilar care explored, and With\njuft the fame fuccefs. Their next tranfactiafi\nwas no lefs than the purchafe of the ifle, on\n[which they had fet up their obfervatory. A\nChief pretending to be its proprietor, offered\nI them a fale of it. M. de la Peyroufe accepting the offer, gave him inpayment of his\nbright, feveral ells of red cloth, hatchets, knives,\nbar iron, and nails. Poffeffion was then taken\niof the ifle by the French with the wonted form allies. A bottle, with an apt infcription, was hurried at the foot of a rock ; and near t\u00C2\u00A9 it was\nilaid a bronze medal, out of a collection which\nM. de la Peyroufe had, for fuch purpofes,\nbrought from France. pAlmoft all the objects\nfor which our voyagers had halted in this bay,\n[were now accomplished. No difafter had befallen them. Not a man of the Ship's companies\nwas as yet fick, or, in any degree, afflicted with\nthe fcurvy. They deemed themfelves the moft\n.\n '74\nLA PEYROUSE'S VOYAGE\n*\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\n^fortunate of navigators. But a fatal misfortune\nwas juft about to overtake them.\nJjg} Several foundings of the waters in the bay\nwere neceffary to complete the draft of Meffrs.,\nde Monneron and Bernizet. To make thefe\nfoundings, a number of the officers fet out, in\nthe pinnace of L'Aftrolabe, commanded by M.\nde Marchainville; in the pinnace of La Bouffole, under the orders of M. d'Efcures ; and in\nthe barge belonging to La Bouffole, of which\nM. Boutin had the command. La Peyroufe,\nwith a folieitude, the advices of which M. d'Efcures could not hear with patience, recommended to him and the other officers to proceed withi\nthe utmoft caution, on this little expedition.\nThough it was to occupy but a few hours, he\neven delivered out his orders in writing to d'Efcures. The boats fet out at 6 o'clock in thfj\nmorning. With views as well of pleafure as of\ninstructive inquiry,the parties who went in them\nintended to hunt and to breakfaft under the\ntrees. After doubling the weftero part of the\nifle, near to which the frigates were at anchor, the gentlemen in the boats perceived, that\nthe fea broke over all the channel which they\nwere fent to explore, with a violence that would\nmake it fatally dangerous to approach it. Mj\nd'Efcures, in the pinnace of La Bouffole, led the\nway on one fide : M. Boutin, in the long boat\nbelonging to the fame Frigate, followed him.\nAt fome inconfiderable diftance failed the pinnace\nof L'Aftrolabe, under the command of Mar-\nchainvrrle. At a quarter paft feven, the two\nboats of La Bouffole were within two cable's\nlength of the channel. Suddenly they perceived themfelves to be drifted by the ebbing tide ;|\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n7*\nand immediately, both the boats began to retire,,\nwith all poffible hafte, from the channel, and to\nturn away to the northward. Still, they fuppof-\ned themfelves to be in no ferious danger ; Since,,\nby gaining 20 toifes on either hand, they might\neafily run their boats on Shore. After rowing\nmore than a minute, to furmount the tide, they\nendeavoured, the pinnace to approach the weft-\nem, the long boat to approach the eaftern Shore,\nbut both alike without fuccefs. Again, they\nturned to the northward, to efcape, if poffible,.\nthe breakers which threatened them. In this fituation, M. Boutin endeavoured to ftay his boat,,\nby dropping the grapnel. It did not fix on the\nbottom, but its cord being unfaft\u00C2\u00A9ned at the\nend which-remained in the boat, it was inftant-\nly loft, and by its lofs the boat was happily delivered from a weight which might have foon\nafter proved fatally inconvenient. The pinnace,\nin the mean time, was involved amid the breakers JW^he was drawn, into the current. Thofe\nin the long boat quickly loft fight of her. She\nwas overwhelmed amid the billows, and was\nwith her crew utterly loft. Her fate had been\nperceived at a diftance by M. de Marchainville :.\nand the crew of the boat of L'Aftrolabe, hurry-\n% 4\ning into the midft of the danger, to aid their\nperiShing comrades, were like them unhappily\n(wallowed up amidft the breakers. Boudin,\neven after he faw himfelf fur rounded by dangers almoft infurmountable, was Still for fome\nmoments ready to ruth into the long-boat to the\naffiftance of his friends, at the rifle q\u00C2\u00A3 Sharing\ntheir fate. But the fenfe of duty interpofing,.\ndetermined him to make every effort in order\nto fave the crew entrusted to his command-\n 76V\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nFor this purpofe, he made his failors, in the interval of the breaking of the feas, to pull away I\nwith the oars to the fiarboard.WAt twenty five\nminutes after feven, he was fortunately out of\nall danger. He now made the water to be baled out of the boat; and again turned himfelf to\ndifcover whether his unfortunate Ship-mates\nmight not yet furvive, and whether he might not\nyet carry them relief. To the fouthward, he\ncould perceive fome feals and fea-weeds, the appearance of which gave him ftill fome faint\nhopes. At three quaTters after 8 o'clock, the\ntide had turned, and the breakers had ceafed.\nAgain he renewed the fearch ; but ftill without\nfuccefs. j His crew were now cold, drenched\nwith water, hungry, and without provisions.\nHe had neither grapnel ncr fails for the management of the boat. He was therefore obliged to\nreturn into the bay. Some Indians, whom he\nperceived on the Shore, exprefled to him, by Signals, that they had Seen the two boats perifli.\nStill, however, he would not forego the hope,\nthat he might perhaps find M. de Marchainville,\nwith the boat of L'Aftrolabe, to have returned\nto the Ships. 1 Have you any news of M. de\nMarchainville ?\" was his firft inquiry, the moment he arrived on board, g No,\" was the an-\nfwer, and it made his defpair complete. The\ndifconfolate horror with which the news of this\nmisfortune was received on board the frigates^\nm*y be eafier conceived than exprefled. This\nwas the firft misfortune our voyagers had en-^\ncountered during their enterprize. It deprived\nthem of fome of their moft accomplifhed officers\nand deareft companions. It had happened, after\nevery poffible precaution had been employed to\n ROUND THE WORL0.\navert it: For the foundings of the channel had\nbeen before made, and the force of the breaking\n| billows, on different days, obferved, with a care\n; which makes it improbable, that, but for an extraordinary fwell on this-particular day, the danger which proved fo fatal, could have been incurred. The Indians, in their canoes, foon vifited\n|the frigates, to give information that they had\nfeen the two boats perifh, without being able to\n* afford them auiftance. The difconfolate Strangers loaded their informers with prefents, aad\n! gave them to underftand that he who Should\nhave faved a Single man, would have been thought\nworthy to have been rewarded with all their\nwealth. Meffrs. de Langel and De Clonard, attended by all their officers, and a number of other perfons, haftened away to explore thofe parts\nof the coaft to which it was not improbable that\nfome parts of the wreck might perchance be\ndriven. Their fearch was vain. They returned without having difcovered either a Single Surviving man or any of the dead bodies. The Indians,\ntoo, in hopes of new prefents, fpread themfelves\nround the bay, and made every poffible refearch;.\nbut with the fame ill fuccefs. An empty monument was erected to the memory of thofe who\nhad perifhed, by the forrowful affection of their\nfurviring companions : and to the ifle on which\nit was raifed, they gave the name of Cenotaph i\nIsle. After fome days, the Indians brought\nthem fome fragments of>he broken boats; but\nnothing more.\n3\"he following are the names of the officers, fol~-\nebers, and failors, who were lofi inythe two boats\non the- 13th of July, 1786, at a quarter after\nfeven o'clock in the morning.\nG2\n la peyrouse's voyage\nMeffrs. d'Efcures, de Pierrevert, de Montar-\nnal, Officers : Le Maitre, fir 11 pilot; Lieutot,\ncorporal and cockfwain ; Prieur, Frichot, ^Bo-\nlet, Henry, Chaub, foldiers ; All thefe, both\nofficers and common men, belonging to La\nBouffole.\n\" From VAfirolabe ; Meffrs. de Ia Borde Marchainville ; de la Borde Boutervillers ; Flaffan,\nOfficers : and of thefe the two former were\nbrothers : Soulas, corporal'and cockfwain ; Phil-\niby, Julien le Penn, Pierre Rabier, foldiers .\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nThomas Andrieufe, Goulver Tarreau, Guilla-\nurae Duqeljie, young men in the flower of\ntheir age, and captains ofthe tops.\n ROUND the world.\n19\nCHAP. V.\nNarrative of the Voyage continued, from the beginning of Augufi to the end of September, 1786;\nProgrefs down the North Wefi coafi of America,\n- From Port de Frangois to Montery- :\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u0094Difcove-\nry and Obfervations on the Coafi ;\u00E2\u0080\u0094Defcription\nof the Bay of Montery :\u00E2\u0080\u0094Afironomical Obfervations :\u00E2\u0080\u0094Sketch of tne prefent. State of the tw*\nCalifot\nrmds.\n&t\nJL HE French voyagers were now anxious to\nhaften away from a fcene of fo much misfortune.\nMuch prudent confideration was neceffary in fixing the plan of their next courfe. They were\nto trace the outline of the American coaft to the\nfouthward ; and it was at the fame time requisite that they Should manage fo, as to arrive at\nManilla about the end of January; at China, in\nthe courfe of February. It was fettled that they\nShould g\u00C2\u00A9 into harbour no where but at Monterey. A promotion was made among the officers, to fill up the places of thofe who had per*\nifhed. It was fettled, with the confent of the\nofficers and paffengers, that the furs which had\nbeen obtained, Should be fold at China for the\nfole benefit of the failors; and M. du Frefne was,\nfor that purpofe, appointed fupercargo. In t^e\nfirft 48 hours of their renewed courfe, the winds\nblew fo faintly, that they were able^o advance\n*hn\y 6 leagues. Their progrefs was within 3\nor 4 leagues diftance from the coaSr^lBut the\nweather was gloomy and they had only an imperfect view of the mountains and low grounds.\nThis coaft had been before examined by Cook ;\nand as his accuracy could require but little cor-\n So\nLA PEYROUSE'S VOYASE\nmr.\nre\u00C2\u00A3tion, M. de la Peyroufe was therefore willing.,\nto run along as rapidly as poffibIe.j|He* looked-;\nin vain for the pretended mouth of the Archipe^\nlago of St. Lazarus of the Spanish admiral Fuentes. Fogs, rains, and calms, continued from\nthe day on which they fet fail, until noon on\nthe 4th of Auguft. They were then in 57 deg.\n4$ min. N. Lat. and at the diftance of 3 leagues\nfrom the land.\nAt 4 o'clock, P. M. on the fame day, the fogs\ncleared up, and our voyagers could perfectly dif-\ntinguifh the entrance of the Crcfs Sound 21\nwhich feems to form two very deep bays, and affords, poffibiy, good anchorage for Shipping.\nThe loftieft range of fnew-covered mountains,\nrising from 1300 to to 1400 toifes in height, has\nits termination at Crofs Sound. The lands become here lower, and are to the very Summits\novergrown with wood ; yet Still retain a moun^ j\ntainous character.5 At funfet, M. de la Peyroufe .\nfound himfelf oppofite to the weftern point of\nCrofs Sound. The frigates continued to runi\nalong the coaft at 3 leagues diftance from it..\nFogs covered the mountains ; but the lowlands\nwere at intervals^, distinctly visible. The pro*-\ngrefs was flow, for in 24 hours they had not ad- .\nvanced more than 10 leagues. At day-break,\non the fifth, theyfound themfelves oppofite to a\n(\u00C2\u00A3ape, Southward from the entrance of Crofs\nSound, to which they gave the name of Cape\nCrofs.^A multitude of low wooded iflets no^Bs\narjgpeated before them: The middle ground exhibited high hills: The fnow-covered mountains\nwere no longer feen,* Approaching thefe iflets, till he could difcern from the deck the break--\ners on the .coaft, La Peyroufe difcovered feveral *\n ROUND THE WORLD.\nSi\npaSages of which he thought it probable that\nthey might afford good roadfieads.\nT0h the 6th, the weather becoming fomewhat\nclearer, permitted him toobfervethe fun's ahfc\"\ntude, and hence to compare the true time wish\nthat which was indicated by their time keepers :\nThey were in North Latitude 57 deg. 18 min.\nI40 fee. in Longitude between 130 deg. and 140\ndeg. At 7 in the evening they could Still perceive Mount Crillon, bearing north 66 deg. weft.\nMount St. Hyacinth, bearing north 78 deg. eaft,\nand Enganno, eaft 10 deg. South. Cape En-\n;ganno is a low land, covered with trees, and\njutting a great way out into the fea. Mount St.\nHyacinth rifes beyond it, in theform of a truncated cone, round at the top, and elevated to the\niheight of about 20\u00C2\u00A9 toifes. From the north and\nfouth of Enganno, the coaft is bordered with iff-,\nets for a fpace of 10 leagues. At 10 o'clock in\n[the morning, they had paffed all thefe ifles. At\n6 in the evening they perceived a CapeoppouW\nto them, in a northeaft direction, which* ran a\ngood way to the weftward. To this cape M.\nde la Peyroufe gave the name of Cape Tfchiri*\nkow, in honour to the Ruffian navigator of this*\nname, who, in the year 1741, landed nearly on\nthis part of the American coaft. ?&$ a lar^e\nanddeep Bay, lying eaftwaffd behind the Cape,\nPeyroufe \"gave alf\u00C2\u00A9 the name of Tfchirikow Bay.\n: At 7 in the evening they perceived a groupe of\nItfiflets, unnoticed by former navigators. To\nthefe was given the name of La Croyer's Iflands.\nDuring the.whole of the 8th the wind continued\nto blow favourably from the weft. They found\nthemfelves to be in 55 deg. 39 min. 31 fee. N.\nLat. in 137 deg. 5 min. 23 fee, W. Longitude.\nI\n w\n82\nLA PEYROUSE S\nVOY\nAGE\nMany openings between fome considerable ifiVj\nands, were, in various directions, vifible to them $\u00C2\u00A3j\nbut the comment was at fuch a diftance as to be\nbeyond their fight. This range of ifles begfias 4\nleagues South Eaft from Cape Tfchirikow, and\nprobably extends as far as to Cape Hector. The\ncurrents near them are very Strong, even at 3\nleagues diftance the frigates felt their influence.\nIn this quarter lies Port Buccarelii, fo named by\nMaurelle, a SpaniSh pilot, who vifited thefe\ncoafts. At 7 o'clock in the morning of the 9th,\nour voyagers, continued to run along at 3 leagues\ndiftance fiom the land, approached the St. Car-\nlofs ifles.fi Of thefe, the moft confiderable lies\nin a dire^on from S. \u00C2\u00A3. to N. W. and is about?\n2 leagues in circumference. Other lower ifletsj\nlie beyond it, farther within the channel. Oppo-j\nfite to thefe ifles, exactly at noon on the 9th, La\nPeyroufe found himfelf to be in 54 deg^48 min..,\nN. Lajitude, in 136 deg. 19 min. W. Long. A\nbreeze arofe with confiderable force from the\nW. N. W. he endeavoured to approach the\nland; and at half paft 7 o'clock in the evening,.\nWas lefs than a league from the coaft: but the^\n4fihore was fo much covered with fogs, and the-\nbilfows appeared to break againft it wijth fo much\ndangerous violence, that he foon found it neceffary to put about, and wait for clearer weather.\nDuring the night between the 1 oth and the 11 th\nof Auguft Jjhe fogs thickened and the winds^\nblew with violence. Our voyagers tacked and\nflood off the Shore ; they approached the Jand|\nabout day-break : but the fogs ftill continue\ned and it was impoffible to obtain a fufficiently\ndistinct view of the outline of the coaft. For\nfeveral days fucceflively, the fogs Still contuwp\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n8 J\ned ; on the morning ofthe 15 th, the weather\ncleared up. They approached the coaft, and\nperceived its extenfion to lie from N. N. E. to S.\nS. E. They were foon again inveloped by the\nfogs. The 17th was calm throughout the day.\nOn the 18th at noon, they were within a league\nandu^i half of the Shore. They ran along it at\nthis diftance, till a Bay was difcovered, which\nappeared to enter deep into the country, and to\nwhich they gave the name of De la Touch Bay.\nFrom the 55 deg. to the 53 deg. the fea was covered with divers of that fpecies which has been\nnamed by Buffon, the macareux of KamfchkatRa :\nthe colour of the body of thefe fowls is black ;\nthe beak and feet are red ; on the head are two\nwhite ftripes rifing into tufts like thofe of\nthe cockatoo. Thefe fowls never wander farther than 5 or 6 leagues from the land. On the\nevening of the 19th, while the horizon was very clear, a Cape was difcovered, which appeared\nto terminate the American coaft. To this Cape,\nM. de la Peyroufe gave the name of Cape Hector ; beyond it appeared 4 or 5 iflets, which he\ndenominated Kerowart Ifles. The latitude of\nCape Hector is in 51 deg. 57 min, 2\u00C2\u00A9 fee. K.\nand its longitude, according to the time-keepers\nofthe frigates, in 133 deg. 37 min. W- On\nthe 21 ft, at noon they were in 52 deg. 1 min. N.\nLat. in 133 deg. 7 min. 31 fee. W. Long, and\nthey here founded, without being able Ao find\nany bottom. The breadth of the gulph, which\nthey perceived to intervene between Cape Hector and an ifle, the farthest to the S. E. of the\nnew group, to which they gave the name of\nCape Fleurieu, appeared to be about 30 leagues.\nBeyond this group of ifles, was the Continent\n 1611!\n\"I4 LA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE j\nperceived. Its primitive mountains, covered\nc^ver with fnow, destitute of wood, and towering\nup into lofty peaks, feemed to lie more than 3\u00C2\u00A9\n^leagues backward, at their points of higheft cleg\nvation, into the interior country. In comparison with thefe mountains, only inferior hills had\n.been feen from Crofs Sound, thus far akf g thei\ncoaft. Advancing onwards, they paffed nigh\nfeveral cluffcers of ifles ; upon which, however^,\nnot a bufh nor Shrub was to be feen. To thefe*\nclufters was given the name of Sartine Ifles.\nHaving paffed thefe ifles, they again Stood toward the continent ; they could not now diftin-\ngui(h the tops of the mountains, but very distinctly law the low lands.\nOn the 25 th, our veyagers continued to proceed eaftward towards Nootka Sound. Thea|\nhad before obferved the Woody Point of Cook\nto be precifely in 50 deg. 4 min. N. Latitude,\nand in 13\u00C2\u00A9 deg. 25 min. W. Longitude, a pofi-f\ntion fomewhat different from that affigned to it\nhy Cook. A thick fog obfeured from their view*\nthe land of Nootka, On the 28th, at 5 o'clock\nin the evening, they found themfelves oppofite\nto Cook's Breakers Point. On the ift, of September, at noon, they came within fight of a point\nor cape which bore N. N. E. from them about\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2ten leagues.' The land extended eaftward ; bu|\nthe fogs covered all its projecting parts. Th2\ncurrents upon thefe coafts run Strong ; and the 1\nfrigates had frequently to make-their way througnj\nwhirlpools. They continued to. fail along thT\ncoaft, in circumftances nearly Similar to thofe\nwhich have been detailed, till they came into 42\ndeg. 5S min. 56 fee. N. Latitude, 127 deg\u00C2\u00BBfj|\nmin. 20 fee. W. Longitude. Here, at abou^\n : MPVXD THE WORLB. S<\nleague's diftance from Cape Blanco, tlrey obferv-\ncd nine ft^tle rocky iflets oppofite to them, to\nwhich they were induced to give the denomination of Neckar's Jfles. Proceeding along the\n(land at three or four leagues diftance, they could\n(perceive only the tops of the mountains ri-\nfing above the clouds. Continuing t\u00C2\u00A9 Steer\nto the fouthward, they found the Skies lefs\nclear than in the more northern latitudes. A\nvolcano on the top of a mountain, burning with\na very lively flame,^|tracted their notice, as they\nfailed on. On the 8th of September, the atraof-\nIphcre cleared up, and they could again difcern\n[the diftant tops of the mountains ; but. the\nweather became continually worfe, and fogs con-\n[tinuaUy impeded their endeavours to explore the\noutline of the coaft. They knew themfelves to\nbe near to the Bay of Monterey; they approached within a league ofthe Shore, and could very\n(distinctly fee the billows breaking upon it.\nThey were now actually within Monterey Bay ;\nbut the hazinefs of the weather made it ftill impoffible for them to recognize the Spanish fefe-\n|tlement. At 3 o'clock in the afternoon of the\n54th of September, jhey came within fight of\nport Monterey, and perceived two three-maft-\nI?d veffels lying in the road $ adverfe winds oblig-\nh&them to come to an anchor at the diftance of\nwo leagues from the Shore. But, on the day\ntallowing, they approached within two cable's\nength of the land, and eaft anchor in water\nlirlnch was twelve fathoms deep. This they were\njnabled to do by the direction of pilots, who,\nIluring the night, had been fent out to them from\nhe fhore. In the whole courfe from Port de\nFrancois, even amidft the thickeft fogs, the two\na\n rMy\nB-J*\nLA PEYROUS\n8^\nfrigates had always failed fufficiently near to be\nable to hail one another, till they came to the bay\nof Monterey.\nNew Year Point, to the North, the Point of\nCyprus, to the South, from the Bay of Monterey : Its breadth between thefe two points is\nabout 8 leagues ; it dfcfcends nearly 6 leagues\neaftward into the country ; and is bounded at its\nbottom by low fandy grounds. N. and S. from\nthe bay, the lands are high and wooded. Under\nthe full and the changing moon, the flowing tide\nis at its height, at half paft one o'clock. As the\nbay is very open, the current in it is nearly imperceptible. Whales fport in it in prodigious\nnumbers, furround the Ships with the greatest\nfamiliarity, and fpout out Stream? of water,\nwhich infect the air with their noifome ftenchJ\nFogs continually overhang thefe coafts ; and\noccafion difficulty in the approach to a Shore\nwhich would otherwife be very eafy and fafely\nacceffible. Pelicans, birds which never go farther than 5 or 6 leagues from the land, are nun\nmerous in this bay.\nA lieutenant-colonel, theSpanifh governor of\nthe Californias, has his refidence at Monterey.\nHis government extends over a territory not lef$\nthan 8oo leagues in circumference. Yet 281\nfoldiers of Spanifh cavalry are the only perfons\nactually fubject to its authority^' This fmall\nmilitary force is diftributed into garrifons occupying fouT or five different forts, and into detachments of four or five men to every one of\nfive and twenty parifhes, into which the whole\nterritory is fub-divided. About 50,000 wandering Indians are eafily kept in awe by this\nSmall military force; but of thofe Indians, near.\n HOUND THE WORLD.\n87\niy id,ooo have embraced the chriftian religiotf.\nLoretto, the only prefidency of Old California,\nis on the eaftern coaft of this peninfula; its\ngarrifon confifts of 54 dragoons. There belong\nto it 15 miffions or parishes, of which the duties are performed by Dominican friars. The\nlongapoftlefhip of the Jefuits, and the Francif-\ncans, has' converted and collected together\nabout 4,000 Indians in thefe 15 parishes. Of\nthe northern California, St. Diego, the oldeft fet-\n^ement, was firft eftablifhed on the 6th of July,\n1769. Monterey, now the capital of the two\nCalifornias, is an eftablifhment not older than\nthe year 1770. The road of Monterey, was,\nindeed, before known, and occafionally vifited\nby the galleons from Manilla. The following\nare the names of the furrounding miffions, and\nofthe prefidencies which,have fince been eftab-\nJ|{hed in thefe parts. It is, however, proper,\nfirft to obferve, that the Spaniards give the name\nof Prefidency to any fort fituate in an infidel\ncountry, whether Africa or America*\n ROUND THE WORLD.\nThefe minions and presidencies are fupported\nat a great expence, for the purpofe of civilizing\nthe 1 ndians. The regular clergy, to whofe management they have been intrufted, are understood to difcharge their refpectiveifundtions with\nthe greateft piety,, alacrity, and fidelity. But\nthe Indians are treated by them rather as children'than as perfons. of mature understanding.\nIn the churches are exhibited paintings of hell\nand heaven, fuch as feem to be adapted powerfully to ftrike the fenfes of a rude and Simple\npeople. The men and women are affembled to\nchurch, to work, and to all their exercifes, by\nthe found of a bell; while one of the Fathers\nftill conducts and directs them. Fetters, the\nStocks, the Strokes of a whip, are fo many modes\nof puniShment to which their religious and moral delinquencies are, by thefe their fpiritual fathers, fubjected Jfc Seven hours- in the day are allotted to labour, two hours to prayers. A new\nconvert, from among the heathen Indians, if\nonce received into fche fociety of thefe christianized Indians, is never again fuffered to make\nhis efcape ; but, upon any fuch attempt, never\nfails to be purfued, hunted out, and brought\nback to condign punifhment. The Christian\nIndians are obliged to rile with the fun ; an\nhour is then dedicated to the Services of mafs\nand prayers. A breakfaft of barley meal awaits\nthem at their return from the ferviee* It is boiled in water;: the Indians give this food the name\n\u00C2\u00A9f atole, and, though it be unfeafoned with either butter or fait,, are extremely fond of it. It\nis prepared in three large kettles in the middle of\nthe fquare. The family of every different hut\nfends a Yeffel made of bark, to receive its porT\nm\n LA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\n'\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\"-\ntion of the mefs; that which remains on thtEf\nbottom of the kettles, after all the families have\nbeen ferved, is diffiributed to thofe of the children who belt repeat their leffons from the cate-\nehifm.ff After confuming three quarters of an\nhour at breakfaft, the Indians betake themfelves\nto their labours for the day. Some go to plow\nthe ground in the fields with oxen; others, to\ndig in the gardens ; the women manage the affairs of the houfeholds, take care of their children, parch and grind into meal the different\ngrains. At noon, the hour of dinner is announced by the found of the bell; the Indians now\nagain receive their portions out of a quantity of\nfood which has been prepared for them in common ; their ufual dinner diSh is named by them\npouffble, and differs from that which they had to\nbreakfaft, only in being thicker, and In having\ncorn, maize, peafe and bea\u00C2\u00BBs, intermingled in\nit. At 2 o'clock they return from their meal to\ntheir labour. Their work now continues till\nthe hour of 4 or 5 in the evening. They then\nattend evening prayers nearly for an hour. A\nnew diftributicn of atole, forms their fupper ; and\nthe day thus clones. Under the missionaries are\nappointed caciques, or magiftrates, from among\nf&e Indians themfelves ; but thefe are paffive in-\nftruments in the hands of theecclefiaftical rulers,\nwhofe province extends to lLtle elfe but the in-\nSriction of puniShment. Rewards are occafion-\natly beftowed; which confift in extraordinary\n'distributions of fiefh or of meal. The men are\noften permitted to hunt and fiSh, each for his\nown private ufe. Tfoe women rear fowls round\ntheir huts * and are wont, very properly, to\ngive their eggs to their children. Hie fowl$,\n fwlMfl\n.ROUND THi W^ORLD. 91\nthe clothes, the little articlefof houfehold furniture, are the property respectively of the Indians who poffefs them. Thefe people have no\nother doors to their huts than Simple bundles of\nftraw. Yet no instances of theft have ever occurred among them. The unconverted Indians\nare polygamifts. Embracing Chriliianity, therefore, they muft facrifice whatever may be the\nfuppofed advantages of that licentious mode of\nintercourfe with the female fex.^l^The miffiona-\nries act as vigilant guardians of female virtue.\nAn hour after fupper, they fhut up, under lock\nand key, all the young girls who are above nine\nyears of age, and all the married women whole\nhufbands are abfent during the day: the matrons fuperintend the conduct of the young\n\"girls. Violations of chaftity, from time to time$\ntake place, in fpite of all thefe precautions. The\ndrefs even of thefe converted Indians is ftill extremely Simple : the richeft wear a cloak of otters fkin, which covers the loins,-and defcends\nbelow the groin; thofe who are poorer and\nmore lazy, have only a fmall cloak of rabbits\nSkins to cover their Shoulders, with a piece of\nlinen cloth, with which they are fupplied by the\nmillenaries, to hide their nakednefs. Some indeed have hats of ftraw, very neatly^aited; the\nwomen wear cloaks of imperfectly tanned deer-\nlkin, which may be occafionally made into a\nfmall bodice with fleeves ; betides this they weaf\nno other apparel, except a fmall apron of ruflies,\nand a petticoat of Stag's fkin falling down to the\nmiddle of the leg. The hair of both men and\nwomen is cut off at four or five inches from thST\nroots. The Spaniards, who, in the firft formation of thefe fettlements, were actuated folety\n 92\nLA PEYROUSE's VOY AGF\nby motives of Jpety, have more recently learned,\nfrom the publication of the voyage of Cook, that]\nthey may become highly valuable in a commercial point of view, on account of the fursl\nwhich they are adapted to furnifh, and for which\nChina prefents a ready market. New California is as yet entirely unprovided with colo-\nnifts, unlefs we Should account fuch a few ftrag-\ngling SpaniSh foldiers, who have married Indian]\nwomen. Yet, if lefs diftant from Europe, Cali-\nfernia would be found not lefs inviting than Vir-j\nginia, to emigrants from Europe. In time, its\nvicinity to Alia may favour it as much in ref-\npect to colonization, as the N. E. coafts of\nAmerica have been favoured by their adjacency\nto Europe. The miflionaries, to whom the inhabitants of thefe parts owe their religious civilization, are almoft all Europeans- The Fran-\ncifcans have a college at Mexico. A. part of\nthe million own the authoritv of the comman-J\ndantof |ffonterey :. The reft are fubject to the\nviceroy of Mexico. The Spamfli Government I\nallows the Sum of 40opiaftres to each mifftonary;\nand their number is-fixed at two for each par\nrifli. The college of Mexico, however, never\nSends hither actual money, but only the value in\ncommodities, wax candles for the church, chocolate, fugar, oil, wine, and linen for girdles to\nthe Indians.. The falary of the Spanish Governor of California is 4000 piaftres; that of the\nLieutenant Governor 4.50 ; that of the Captain-\nIrifpeetor of the 283 cavalry distributed in the\ntwo Californias, is 2000 -, each foldier of the\ncavalry has.2s.7 piaftresi yearly, for his arms,\nhorfe, and whole fubflftence.. Thefe were the\nprincipal obfervations which the. French voya^\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n93\ngtr$ were enabled to make cone^Sng the\n|Spanifh colinizatfon of the two CaUforntaS) and\nconcerning the condition of thofe Indians wh\u00C2\u00A9\nhave been perfuaded there to embrace Christianity, and to fubmit themfelves inpeace to the government ofthe SpaniSh miflionaries.\nThe wilder, unconverted Indians, dHplay\nIfbme \u00C2\u00A9f thofe virtues and talents peculiar to thp\nIfavage character, which their converted brethren\nappear to have loft. They draw the bow with\nInimitable fkill; and will bring down even the\nfmalleft birds with unerring aim. One of thefe\nIndians will fix upon his own the head with the\nhorns of a flag ; will walk on all fours ; broufe\nthe grafs; and by this and other practices, fo\ndeceive herds of thefe animals, that they Shall,\nWithout alarm, permit him to approach near\n[enough to kill them with his arrows. Maize\nIwas the only original object gof the Indian agriculture in thefe parts. Hunting and fiShing\nhave been, and ftill continue to be, the grand\njreSburces upon which thefe Indians depend f6r\ntrhe means of fubfiftence. The independent Indians live distributed in rancheries, or villages.\nThey are accuftomed to paint their bodies red\nin ordinary life, but black, when they are to appear in the guife of mourning. ^Tm^tees of consanguinity are little acknowledged by them.\nThe children quit their father's hut as ^on as\nthey have acquired Strength to procure the mea#s\nof fufiftence for themfelves. Their father, by'\nwhom they have been restrained, and harfhly\ntreated, is foon forgotten by them ; or, if remembered, remembered only with averfion.\ni Their mother, their relation to whom they knew\nonly fromhertendernefsjis longer and more kind*\n LA PEYROUSE ^VOYAGE\nly remembered. Thefe independent hordes are\noften at war*among themfelves : But they ref-\npect the Spanifh miffions. A wooden bow,\nftrung with the finews of an ox, with arrows\npointed with a Sharp flint, are their ordinary\nweapons.^: As in Canada, they fcalp the vanquished in war, and pluck out their eyes, to be\npreferved as precious memorials of the vie*|\ntory. If they happen to lay on the field of ballj\ntie, an enemy whofe extraordinary prowefs they\nhave been long accuftomed to dread, the furious joy\nf&victory, wll in fuch a cafe, fometimes prompt\nthem to quaff his blood, and devour his mangled,\nlimbs. Yet, thev are not accuftomed to make\nan ordinary practice of eating in cold bloody\ncither the prifoners whom they take, or the\nnamelefs dead whom they flay in war.ff'Of their\nown dead they burn the bodies, and depofit the\naShes in rude funeral monuments. The takerfia\nand touffi, are the two games which employ\ntheir leifure ; and to thefe they are addicted with'\npaffionate fondnefs. The former is played with\na fmall hoop, through which it is endeavoured\nto make certain fuitable Sticks pafs, while it rolls!\nround a fmooth Space of ten fquare toifes on the\nground. The touffi is played by hiding a pieces\nof wood in the hands on the one fide, while the\nother party in the play gueffes how the piece of\nwood u difpofed of. Beads, the favours of the\nwomen, and whatever elfe they poffefs of value,\nare the prizes of thefe games. The language\nof thefe people is far from being known in all\nthe copioufnefs of its phrafes, or the analogy of\nits ffcructure. It is rather from the converted\nIndians, than from the wild natives, that we derive what knowledge is to be obtained of '8fc\n ROUND TEE WORLD.\nm\nThe Achastliens, and the EccLEMACHS^the\ntwo tribes inhabiting near Monterey, Speak each\na different language. The language ofthe converted Indians in the miffions, is compounded\nout of both thefe two. Their abstract terms are\nScanty. Their epithets for the qualities of moral objects, are almoft all borrowed from the\nfenfe of tafte. The^diftinguifh the plural front\nthe Singular number; They vary their verbs\nthrough Several different tenfes. Their fub-\nftantives are .much more numerous than their\n[adjectives. They never ufe the labials,y, b, nor\nthe letter .v. The dipthong ou, appears in more*\nthan half their words. Their moft common initial confonants are, /and k. None of them\ncan eafily count, otherwife than upon their fin*\ngers, beyond the number five.\nThe following are the numerical terms of the\nAcfiastliens :\nOne, Moukala\nTwo, Outis\nThree, Capes\nFour, Outite\nFive, Is\nSix, Etesake\nSeven, Kaleis\nEight, Ouloufmafakhen\nNine, Pak\nTen, Ton fa\nThe following are the numerical terms of the\nECCLEMACHS :\nOne, Pek\nTwo, Quluch\nThree, Oullef\nFour, Amnahon\nFive, Pemuca\n $6\nLA PEYROTSE S YPYAGE\n#*1\nJL\nSix, | Pekolana\nSeven, Houlakoalans\nEight, Houlefala\nNine, Kamakoualane\nTen, '%M\ Tomoila _\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\nHere follow a few other words of the farnei\nlanguage.\nFriend, -\nBow,\nBeard,\nTo dance,\nTeeth,\nSkull,\nNo,\nYes,\nFather,\nMother,\nStar,\nNight,\nNigefech\nPagonach\nJUcotre\nMefpa\nAcur\n.Qpababar\nMuul\nIke\nAoi\nAtzia\nAimoulas\nToumanes\nNo country in the world is more abundant\nthan California, in game and fifh of every de-\nfcription. The thickets and plains abound\nwith fmall grey tufted partridges, fat and finely\nflavoured, and which appear commonly in companies of three or four hundred together, Sparrows, tit-mice, fpeckled wood-peckers, and tropic birds, are found in prodigious numbers, ini\nthe woods. Hares, rabbits, and ftags, are very\ncommon. Seals and otters are found in great\nnumbers rand to the northward, there are multitudes of bears, foxes, wolves, and wild cats,\nkilled in the winter. Among the birds of prey^\nare, the white headed eagle, the great and fmall\nfalcon, the gofs-hjiwk, the fparrow-hawK, the\nblack vulture, the great owl, and the raven. A\nhee-eater, which, has been fuppofed to be |>ec\u00C2\u00AB-\n ROUND THE wTj>RL#.\n97\nliar to the old continent, was here killed, and\nfluffed by the French ornithologists. Wild\nducks, the grey and white pelican with yellow\ntufts, different fpecies of gulls, cormorants, cur^\nlieus, ring-plovers, fmall Sea-water hens, and herons, are feen on the ponds and on the fea-Shore.\nThe foil is wonderfully fertile. a^Farinaceous^\nroots and feeds of all kinds afford a moft abundant increafe. The crops of maize, barley,\ncorn, and peas, are to be equalled only in Chili.\nThe medium produce of corn is from 70 to 80 for\none ; the extremes are 60 and 1 o\u00C2\u00AE, Fruit trees\nhave not yet been introduced in any confidera- .\nble number or variety. The moft prevalent for-\neft trees are the Stone-pine, Cyprus, evergreen\noak, and the accidental plane-tree. Th^lppefts\nare clear of under-wood, and exhibit,|underthe\nShade of the lofty trees of which they are com-\npofed, a verdant carpet of grafs. Vaft favan-\nnahs are interfperfed among the forefts. The\nrivers are not numerous \u00E2\u0080\u00A2, and were it not for\nthe moifture of the atmofphere, the face of the\nground might perhaps .prove too arid for vegetation. |J\u00C2\u00A3q\nIt was in the evening ofthe 14th of Septem^;\nber, that the two frigates eaft anchor off Monterey, in view of the prefidency and ofthe Ships\nin the road, and at the diftance of about two\nleagues from the Shore. ^At 10 o'clock, the\ncaptain of a corvette in the road, came, in his [\njlong boat, to the Ship of M. de la Peyroufe, and\n[offered to pilot the frigates into the port. ^ At\nI'o \u00C2\u00A9'ciocV on the next morning, the frigates\nweighed Anchor, and proceeded into the road.\nAt noonJllhey eaft anchor in a fafe fituation\n[within thfeoad, and were faluted with a dSRr.\n $%\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\n!43p\u00C2\u00A7\ncharge of 7 guns from the Spanifh veffels which\nthey found in it. M. de la Peyroufe, withouj\ndelay, difpatched an officer to the governor of\nMonterey, with an open letter to the viceroy of\nMexico, of which M. de la Peyroufe was the\nhearer from France. M. Fages, commandant\nof the fort of the two Californias, had already\nreceived orders to treat the French voyagers,\nwhenever they Should arrive, with every poffible\ndemonstration of civility and refpect. Oxen,\nroots, greens, and milk, were immediately fens\nboard the French Ships in great plenty.\non\nThere was a fort of conteft between the commandant of the fort and the captains of the two\nSpanifh veffels in the road, who Should Show the\nmoft kindnefs to the French : Only for the oxen, Sheep, and corn, which were wanted for\nthe fupply of the Ships, could M. de la Peyroufe\nprevail with their kind entertainers to accept\nany pecuniary compenfation.\" Roots, greens,\nmilk, fowls, and the affiftance of all the labourers of the garrifon,inprocurringwood and water,\nwere eagerly afforded to the French navigators,\nwithout price. ^The houfe and Servants of M.\nFages were, during their Stay, entirely at their\ndifpofal. The missionaries from the neighbourhood, politely came to invite them to dine with\nthem, and to acquaint themfelves with the rules\nof the management of the miffions. Accepting this invitation, they rode with great pleafure\nto St. Charles, at the diftance of two leagues\nfrom Monterey; they were there received by\nthe miffionaries with folemn hofpitality. In the\nchurch, at their meals, at their labours, in every\nobvious mode of exposition, the xorverted Indians were prefented to their obfervation. M.\n ROUND THE WORLD.\nw\nde Langle, pitying their difficult and imperfect\nmode of working their grain into meal, made\nthem a prefent of his mill; which is likely to\nprove one of the higheft benefits that could be\nconferred on them ; for by means of it four women may now perform the fame quantity of\nwork which formerly required the toil of an\nhundred. The foldiers of the prefidency made\nthemfelves exceedingly ufeful to our voyagers\nduring their ftay at Monterey. M. de la Peyroufe, with the permiffion of the commandant,,\nprefented them with a piece of blue cloth. To\nthe mifhonaries for the ufe of the Indians in\ntheir millions, he fent coverlids, fluffs, beads, tools1\nof iron, with a variety of other little articles,\nthe remains of what had been distributed at\nPort de Francois. The gardener belonging to\nthe frigates, gave to the miflionaries fome potatoes of Chili, in a State of very perfect preservation, which are likely to prove hereafter of great\nutility to the inhabitants of this region. The\nFrench botanifts no Sooner got on Shore, than\nthey fet themfelves, with the moft diligent activity, to enlarge their collections. But the\nfeafon was too far advanced ; the plants were\nno longer in flower, and their feeds were difper-\nfed over the ground. The common wormwood,\nthe.fea wormwood, fouthernwood, rnugwort,\nthe Mexican tea, the golden rod of Canada,,\nthe Italian ftarwort, milfoil, deadly nightrfhade,\nfpurrey, and water-mint,, were the only remarkable plants obferved in the fields round Monterey. From the gardens they obtained a great\nabundance of pot-herbs : and particularly fuch\nquantities of pulfe as were no where elfe to be\nmet with. The mineralogists were far from-\n 100\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nbeing very fortunate in their refearchefc f, 4J8\nlight argillaceous Stone, with fome refemblance\nof marie ; blocks of granite, concealing in their\nveins fome fpecimens of cryftalized feld-fpar ;\nwith fome rounded fragments of porphyry and\ngranite ; were the only very remarkable fo fills\nthey could find : except only fome fuperb haliotes,\neach of which might be 9 inches in length by 4\nin breadth; there1 were no other remarkable\nJhelis to be feen. On the fouth and eaft coafts\nof old California, indeed, are oyfters, the pearls\nof which yield not in fize or beauty to thofe of\nCeylon or Baffora. The aftsonomers belonging,\nto the French expedition, were, at the fame\ntime, diligently attentive to their duty.' M. Da-\ngelet, taking his quadrant on Shore, endeavoured to determine, with the greateft accuracy, the\nlatitude of Monterey, which has been already\nmentioned : and no obfervation,\" which the\nShortnefs of their ft ay would permit him to make,\nwas neglected. J On the evening of the 22d of\nSeptember\u00E2\u0080\u0094-wood, water, dry and frefh provisions, with whatever other fupplies our vova-\ngers here fought, had been taken on board.\nThey bade farewell to their kind hofts. On\nthe 23d, the winds were, adverfe; but on the\n24th, they were enabled to fail with a fair wef-\ntern breeze.\n ROUND THE WORLD.\nIOL\n| CHAP. VI. M\nNarrative of the Voyage continued, from the 24th\nof September 1786, to the 2d of January 1787.-\nCourfe from Monterey to the Road of Macao.\nEPARTING from the weftern coaft'of\nAmerica, the French navigators were now to\nSteer acrofs the great Weftern ocean, as far as\nChina. The feas through which they were to\nfail, were known only to the Spaniards, and even\nto them but imperfectly. The Spaniards have\nlong been fatisfied to fail in one Single tract in\ntheir voyage from Acapulco to Manilla, lying\nwithin a fpace of 20 leagues between the 13\ndeg. and 14 deg. of Latitude ; while, on their\nreturn, they run nearly in the parallel of 40 deg.\nby the aid of weftern winds, which are in thefe\nfeas very common. But new difcoveries were\nthe object of the voyage of the French navigators : and it of confequence became them to\nmun frequented tracts with the fame care with\nwhich mere ly, trading navigators Strive to;pur-\nfue fuch tracts. Only, the neceffity of reacnrng\nChina about the end of the year, made it requisite for them to keep within the zone of the\ntrade-winds. M. de la Peyreufe, therefore, received : to direct his courfe to the fouthward, as\nfar as to the ifland of Nostra Senora de la Gor-\nta, which geographers have defcribed as existing in the 28 deg. of N. Lat.\nCalms and adverfe winds detained them yet for\n2 days longer within fight of Monterey. B ut the\nwind foon became fixed at N. w. and the frigates were then permitted to reach the parallel\n\u00C2\u00A9f 28 deg; Their firft progrefs was very form--\n1 2\n 102\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nnate. To the N. W. winds fucceeded others\nafrom the N. E. which gave them hopes of quickly reaching the region of the trade-winds. On\nthe 18th of October, however, the winds again\nchanged to the westward ; and they continued,\nfor eight or ten days, to blow, without any considerable variation, from that quarter. The\nweather was, in the mean time, tempeftuous\nand rainy : there was constantly much moisture\nbetween the decks ; and M. de la Peyroufe ber\ngan to be greatly alarmed, left, in thefe unfavourable circumstances, the crews of the frigates\nShould be attacked by the fcurvy. On the 27th\nof October, they reached the meridian on which\nthey wifhed to proceed. Nothing gave any Signal ofthe vicinity of land, except fome fand pipers of two different fpecies, which were caught\non board L'Aftrolabe. But thefe were very.\nlean, and mighf poffibly have come from the\nSandwich Ifles, from which they were not now\nmore than 120 leagues di#ance. No ifle of\nNoftra Senora de la Gorta was here to be feen.\nThe French navigators Strove now to approach\nthe tropic, in order to meet with the trade winds,\nand in hopes that thejternperature of the tropical climates, would prove the moft favourable\nto the health of the Ship's companies. On the\n^d of November, in 24 deg. 4 min. N. Lat. in\n16 deg. 2 min. W. Long, noddies, man-of-war-\nbirds, and terns, hovered about them in great;\nnumbers. Thefe fowls feldom fly far from\nland. On the 4^ accordingly, the frigates\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2came within fight of an ifland which bore W\u00E2\u0080\u009E\nirons them, foj* 4 or 5 leagues. At 5 o'clock,\nill the morning ofthe 5th, being only 3 leagues\nfrom the ifland, they failed to reconnoirjsit. It\n ROUND THE WORLD.\nI0J\nis a very fmall ifle ; about 50\u00C2\u00A9 toifes in length:;,\nnot more than 60 in its elevation above the level\nof the fea. No tree is feen on it; but its top\nis covered with luxuriant grafs. The barren\npart of the rock is whitened with the dung of\nfea-fowls^g. Other fpots, which are neither verdant, nor covered with this dung, appeared red;\n[Its extremities are perpendicular like a wall 5\nand the fea breaks all around, with a violence\nwhich feems to render it inacceffible. Our nav*\nigators failed round it; and at the diftance of one-\nthird of a league, and took a very exact plan of\nit. Its latitude was determined by M. Dagelet\nto be in 23 deg. 34 min. N. its longitude, in 160?\ndeg. 52 min. It received from M. de la Peyroufe the name of Isle Neckar. .TheS. E.\npoint prefents a fmall ridge of rocks, which\n1 Seems to extend for about two cable's length ;\nand this is the only part which breakers do not\n(make inacceffible. Sounding as they pafied\nnear to this point, the French navigators were\nfurprized to find a bottom of broken Shells, under only 25 fathoms deep of water. It fhotdd\nfeem that Ifle Neckar is but the fummit of 91\nmuch more confiderable ifland, of which the\nfofter materials have been gradually wafhed\naway by the fea. Over a fpace of ro miles from\nthe above mentioned ridge of rocks, no other\nbottom than coral and broken-Shells was to be\nfound. Beyond the extremity of that fpace, our\naavigators, founding with 150 fathoms of line,\ncould find no bottom at all.\nThe weather was now rainy, with frequent\n:ranfient blafts of wind. At fun-fet however,,\nland atjjother times, when the face of the fky\nwould for fome moments clear up, the horizw\n IOJ1\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nwould open around, for a fpace of 10 or 1:\nleagues. Sea-fowls ftill continued to hovei\naround ^hem, in flights of feveral hundreds together, and moving in various directions, whicl\nmade it impoffible to afcertain, with precision.\nto what quarter they went. The moon irradiatec\nthe nights with a luftre which tempted our navigators to Steer on, though with a motion fome-\nwhat flower than during the day. Jr While thej\nwere thus advancing, they perceived, toward4\nhalf an hour paft one o'clock in the morning,\nbreakers at two cable's length a head of the Ships\nThey founded, and found nine fathoms water\nwith a rocky bottom. Soon afterwards, the\nfounding indicated ten fathoms ; twelve fathoms\nIn about a quarter of an hour, however, the]\ngot no ground with Sixty fathoms. They hac\nefcaped a danger the moft terrible to whi<|\nnavigation can be expofed. For nearly an houi\nafterwards, they perceived the continuation oi\nthe breakers. They held their courfe weft ward;\nand within three hours, had loft fight of theflB\nDesirous to afcertain, beyond a doubt, the ex\niftence oi that funken rock upon which they hac\nbeen near to perifhing ; they again turned thei:\ncourfe in the morning; returned within view oi\nit; perceived an iflet of fplit rock, the diametel\nof which might be about 50 toifes ; in its height\nfrom 20 to 25 fathoms. That iflet formed thi\nN. W. extremity of a reef of rocks extendiM\nmore than 4 leagues to the S.E. It was on the\nS. E. point of the reef, that our. navigators ha4\nbeen expofed to the danger of perifhing. Between the iflet and the S. E. breakers, were three\nfand-banks, raifed not more than four feet abovt\nthe level of the fea. Thefe were ported frnj*\n ROUND THE WORLD.\nI05\none another by a fort of greepifh water, which\ndid not feem to be a fathom deep. . Rocks, level with the water, furrounded that fhoal as a\ncircular inclofure : and, on their exterior fides,\nthe fea broke with extreme violence. Of the\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 northern part of thefe rocks, our navigators could\n|OJ)tain only a bird's eye view from the maft-\nhead. Perhaps it may run in that direction to\na farther extent than it appeared to them to do.\nIts length, from S. E. to N. W. is 4 leagues^\nits geographical Situation, eftimated from its only visible part, is in 23 deg. 45 min. N. Lat. in\n168 deg. 10 min. W. Long. It lies 23 deg. 20\nmin. N. W. from Isle Neckar, It is not fafe\nto approach it nearer than at the diftance of 4\nleagues. The French navigators named it, on\nlaccount of the danger to which they had been\nexpofed by coming too near to it, Basse des\nJFregates FRAi*CAis^.Jpt will be of infinite\nimportance to future navigators, who Shall have\npccafion to fail in this courfe, that the existence\nand the extent of this ledge of rocks have been\nthus accurately afcertained, and made known.\nOur navigators now directed their courfe to\nthe W. S. W. In this direction, they had rea>-\nfon to hope that they might the fooneft find land.\nThey croffed the tract of Captain Clark, at\n179 deg. of E.Long, on the roth of November. They had hoped that they Should now\nfall in with the trade-winds. Yet, for fome\ntfme longer they had varying winds, Shifting\nfmiefly between S. W. and N. E. contrary to\nwhat the experience of former navigators had led\n[hem to expect. At 2 o'clock in the afternoon\nbf the 14th of December, they reached the Mama nxe Islands. Jn the latter part of their\n io6\nLA PEYROUSE'S VO#AGE\nprogrefs hither, they had in vain attempted to\ndifcover the Mir a, Defert, and Garden Iflands of\nthe common maps. Finding, however, no fuch\nifles, they concluded, perhaps too haftily, that\nthey muft have no real existence. Among thei\nMarianne Iflands, they found Assumption Island to have its true pofition in 19 deg. 45 mi5|\nN. Lat. in an 143 deg. 15 min. E. Long. Its\ncircumference cannot be more than 3 leagues^\nImagination cannot conceive the existence of a\nplace more horrible in the afpect. It feemed\na perfect cone, of which the furface was black-\nas coal, to the height of 4\u00C2\u00A9 toifes above the\nlevel of the fea. A few cocoa nut trees ap-i\npeared in a hollow of about 40 toifes, in whicuj\nthey were in fome meafure fheltered from thei\neaft wind. There, was the only place where it\nfeemed poffible for Ships to anchor : and the anchorage at that part, was, for a quarter of a\nleague, a bottom of black fand under water thirty fathoms deep. The Aftrolabe here anchored. La Bouffole wa& prevented by an accident,\nfrom coming to anchor. The boats ofthe two\nfrigates were fent on Shore. In them went M.\nde Langle, with Meffrs. Boutin, De la Marti^\nniere, Vaujuas, Prevoft, and Father Receveur;*]\nThey landed not without extreme difficulty.\nThe ifland appeared to them a thoufand times\nmore horrid than at a quarter of. a league's\ndiftance, . it feemed to be. It prefented ravines and precipices which had been formed\nby torrents of lava; and were bordered by fome\nfew Stunted cocoa trees, amidft which grew fome\ncreeping plants, matted together in a manner\nthat made it almoft impoffible to walk among\nthem. About an hundred cocoa nuts were\n ROUND THE WORLD.\nIP7\npicked up under the trees. But the difficulty\nof the way was fuch, ''that fifteen or fixteen\nperfons were employed from nine in the morn-\nwig till noon, infringing thefe on board the\nboats. The fummit of the cone forms, as it\nmould feem, the crater of this volcanic ifle.\njAround its fides, the lava has Streamed down,\nand has become folid as- it cooled. A cloud\npid the higheft point from the view ofthe French\nnavigators. But a fmeil of fulphur, which it\nemitted to the diftance of half a league out at\n|ea, induced them to think that its volcanic fires\n|were not yet entirely extinguished, and that its\nJarft eruption might have happened at no great\npittance of time backward. No human inhabitants, no quadrupeds, feemed to have as yet\nbhofen thefe defolate fcenes for a place of refuge.\n|On the Shore were fome large crabs. At the\nanchorage were feen three or four noddles. M.\nde Langle killed on the ifle a bird of a black colour, not unlike to our European black-bird. In\n[the hollows of the rocks, were found fome very\n[fine Shells. A collection of plants, and among\n[chefe three or four different fpecies of Banana\ntrees, which M. de la Peyroufe had, not elfe-\nwhere feen, were brought on board. The only\nfifties which the French navigators faw here,\nwere the red ray, the fmall mark, and a fea fer-\npent, about three feet in length, and three inches in thicknefs.* About two o'clock in the af-\nrernoon, the boats returned to the Ships, after\nSlaving been expofed to confiderable dangers.\nAbout three o'clock they renewed their courfe,\nproceeding W. N. W. in a direction at three or\nibur-league's diftance from Mangs, another of\nfajs group of ifles which bore to them N. E, by\nL\n ioS\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nN. Had it not been for the delay it would have\noccasioned, M. de la Pevroufdyciruld have\nwifhed to have afcertained the precife Situation^\nof UracaIs, the moft northern or^the Marianne4\nifles ; but his arrangements would not leave him\ntime to accomplifh this object. As they advan-*'\nced, innumerable birds havered around'then!\nAmong thefe, the man of-war-bird and the nod-;\ndy were the moft common. Gu^ls, terns, and\ntropic birds, likewife appeared in the crowd. In\nthe channel between the Mariannes and the\nPhilipines, the breezes were Strong, the fea\nran high, and our navigators Were conftantly\ndriven fouthwardby the currents. La Bouffole\nwas n@w, fer the firft lime, obferved to admit\nfome water ; and, upon examination, feveral of '\nher feams were found to be almoft entirely open.\nOn thefe, however, it was impoffible to workj\ntill the frigates Should arrive in the road of Macao. On the 28th of December, our voyagers\ncame within fight of the Basmee ifland. They\npaffed at about a league's diftance from the two\nmoft northern iflets or rocks of this group. Of\nthefe two, the fmalleft is half a league in circumference 5 and there appeared to be on its\neaft fide a good deal of grafs: Its weft longitude,\nfixed from the medium of more than Sixty lunar\nobfervations, is 119 deg. 41 min. its north lati- .\ntudein2i deg. 9 min. 13 fee. FrOm thefe\nIfles, our navigators continued their courfe to\nChina. On the firft of January 1787, they had\napproached (o near to the Chinefe coaft, that\ntheir foundings indicated a bottom under Sixty\nfathoms depth of water. Next day they were\nfurrounded by Chinefe fiShing boats, which fifh-\ned by dragging over the bottom with very long\n I\nfo\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\n* '\nC H A ^ VII.\nNarrative afthl^Voyage^fifntipued, from t$e $d of\nJanuary to the oth ofudpril, 1787.- Trsgfactions at Macao, with a Defcriptiofi of that Place z\\nJPaffage to Luconia : and thence to Manilla A\\nDeferipiiou of Manilla, &c*\nA 1 I II\njfjJT Macao, pur voyagers expected a favourable reception from the Portoguefe : They approached the town 4 and M. Boutin was fent on'\nihore to announce their arrival to the governor]\nHe failed not to make every offer of all the aflift-^\nance in his power. A M&lay pilot, fent from\\nSiim, conducted thereto the anchorage of Typ-\nj\u00C2\u00BBa. At day-break on the 4th, they proceeded;\ntowards tliat anchorage ; at eight o'clock in the\nmorning, they were at five miles N. W. from!\nthe townof Macao, upon a muddy ground, under three fathoms and a half depth of water.\nThey eaft anchor along fide of a French armed\nveffel, whi.iyKwas commanded by M. de Rich\u00C2\u00A9\nry, enfign m the Navy ; which had been fent to\ncruize on thefe eafter* coafts, for the protection\nof the French trade. It may be naturally conceived, that our navigators had infinite pleafure\nin meeting, after fo long an abfence, with a]\nChip's company of their countrymen. They!\nwere, however, very painfully difappointed, in\nnot finding at Macao thole pacquets of letters\nwhich they had expected. It unluckily happened, that, outof two Ships which alone had failed\nfrom France, to arrive, this feafon, at China,\none had (miffed its paffage : and on board this\none, they now fuppofed that their letteiemight\nhave been put.\n ROUND THE WORLD.\nIlf\nSofter their Ships were fafely moored,. Meffrs.\n|de la Peyroufe, and De Langle, went on fhore\nto thai&the Portuguefe governor for the, favours\nhe had aheady fhoWn them. He received them\nwith as much kindnefs as if he had been their\n[fellOn^r\u00C2\u00A9untryman ^ begged them to ufe his\n[houfe as their own : and introduced thftsfc^fchis\n[wife, a young and beau#ful Portuguefe lady\n|%om, 'Ijifbon, who, fpeaking French with great\n[facility, acted as interpreter between her huf-\nband and,the Frenob^ca|H^|nSv This lady, Do*-\n[na Maria de Saldagna, had, about twelve years\nihefore^imanied M. de Lemos, at Goa.'Very\nIbon after their marriage, M. de la Peyroufe had\n[happened to be introduced to helsin that city.\n;He wasnow proud to find, that She recollected\nhim as an old acq$84m4^c\u00C2\u00A9^ >an4 fe\nm feeing her ch^klren, wlnlm She presented, to\nhgm. Every accommodation whicir7 our voya-\nIgers de fired, and which it was in the Portuguefe\ngovernor's power to beftow,. was readily fuppli-\ned to them during the whole term of their Stay\nin the road of Macao.\nThe) Settlement of Macao was beftowedby the\nChinei^empieror, Camhf,upon the Portuguefe,\nin grafftude for the fervice whieh they rendered\nhim, by deitroying, in the iiles- adjacent to Canton, the pirates, who infe ft ed thefe feas, and ravaged all the Chinefe coafts\u00E2\u0080\u009E - But, its .original\nprivileges are no longer duly reflected. The\nChinefe, infolent and- \u00C2\u00A9pprefhve to all the Europeans who trade with them, are particularly fo\ntothe Portuguefe^ i Macao ftand$J$ the mputh\nof the river Tigris, in 22 deg. 12 min. 40 fee. of\nN. La$sUn 111 deg. 19 min. 3Qjyfee. F. Long.\nIts road, at the entrance of Typa, has fuihfient\n 112\nLA FEYR\u00C2\u00A9 USE'S VOYAGE\ntfa \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\n4epth of wategpfor the reception of a 64. gun\nfeip. Ships even of feven or eight hundred tons\nburden, can enter^imlf laden into its port beloW<\nthe city, A fortrefs of two batteries defends\nthe entrance of the port. Three other fmall\nforts, mounted in all with 30 guns, guard the\nfouthern part \u00C2\u00A9f the city from the enterprifesOT\nthe Chinefe. A contiguous mountain, which\ncommands the circumjacent country, appears to have had once a fortrefs on its fummit,\nwhich muft have been impregnable. But the\nf\u00C2\u00A9r^has been furTered to fall into ruins ; and a\nchurch has been built there inftead of it. ^Pwo\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2citadels, of which the one mounts 40, the other \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\n30 guns, defend the land-fide of the Portuguefe\npoffeflMi of Macao. The liMits of the Portuguefe domain extend fcarce a league from the city. They are, at the diftance, bounded by a\nwall which a Mandarin, with a few foldiers,\nguard. The Portuguefe town and t#ritory ace\nSubject to the occafional vifits of this Mandarin ;\nand whenever he enters it, the Portuguefe are\nexpected to falute fils approach with the drfc-\ncharge of five guns. Yet, he may not Sleep on\nthe Portuguefe fide ofthe wall. Twenty ffcou-\niand fouls maybe the whole number of the population of Macao. Of thefe, an hundred are by\nbirth Portuguefe ; about two thoufand Portuguefe Indians; twb thoufand Caffre Slaves, the\ndome Stic fervants of the Portuguefe; the reft,\nChinefe artizans, or merchants. The Portuguefe, whether of Indian or European birth,\ncherifh a pride which teaches them rather to\nStarve or beg, than employ themfelves in the mechanic arts. A governor, a fenate compofed of\nthree vercadore, with the governor presiding\n D THE WOR&Efc\n**3\n\u00C2\u00A9ver them, two judges of orphans, the aget^fcfor\nthe city, and a treafarer ofthe cuftoms, difcharge\n..the pri\u00C2\u00A3\u00C2\u00A7i\u00C2\u00A7^d functionsp\u00C2\u00A3$feePortuguefe goyei3$-*\nment of Maca\u00C2\u00A9*^ All thefemafriftratesare nom-\ninated bywfehe y|eeioy of Goa. The fenate have the\njfupreme fuperintendence of the revenues of the\ni^jty. The judgesof orphans have the charge of\nthe property of minors, the nomination of til-\ntors and guardians, with the right of decision\nin all difcuffions rppecting, the fucceflion to estates : There is, however a right of appeal to\nGoa, from 4heir fentences^ The agent of the\ncity acts as the mediam of communication be-\n4\n.\u00E2\u0096\u00A0fifteen the. twok governments of Portugal and\nChina. He receives, and tranfmits to their ref-\npe6ijif^governments, the reciprocal complaints\nof the two nations. He jj^ the. only perfon in\nthe government of I^Iacao, that ispot removea-\nble out of office ajgthe pleasure of the viceroy of\nGoa. The garrifon of Ma$ao confifts of 180\nfea-poys, and 14$ militia. TJ^e -fb]d}fgfc,.are\narmed with fta^es; their officers^ '^ideed, wear\njp^rords, but da^e not draw them againft a Chi--\nnefe. The fervice ofthe g#ard coofifts in for--\nt&iug J9|ght|ptroles^>^Yet, if an^of them Should\nfurprize a QfeiBefe robber b^aj|ing\u00C2\u00BBinto a houfe>\nand Should kiUVjJiim ; the lucklefs foldier would-\nbe delivered over to the- Chinefe governor, and\nwould be hanged in the middle of the markfi|K\njtface. The appearan^of the ci^^|Macao is\njWfWpksfiPS'' Supercargoes belonging to the\n. different European companies which trade to the\nEaft, are obliged to pafs tlie winders here, ari$\noccupy the beft houfes in\u00C2\u00BBe town. Seveial of\nthefe; fupercargoes a^-men of diftinguifhed\nworth and intelligence. The emoluments they\nK W\n 11-4\nLA PBYRT>USE S VCYAOE-\nIf I\nenjoy, enable them to lifce in confiderable Jaxi*\u00C2\u00A3\nry and fplendor. They ^compofe altog&i*e*f\na very agreeable feciety ; the French experienced from them a very kind and hofpitable reception. M. Eiftockenftrom, principal fecretary\n\u00C2\u00A3br-$tlie Swedifh Eaft India Company, treated*\nthem with the lindnefs of an old friend, or ft&jj\ner of a fellow-countryman, sealous fejf the glory of tipir country : He obligingly undertook t\u00C2\u00A9\nfell their peltry, and to remtt^the produce t&\nthe Ifle of France. Whe commerce of the Chi-\nnefewithlpnrope, of the tranfactions of which\na pjrfrt are carried on at Macao, amounts to fifty millions annually; of thefe, two-fifths are\npaid by the Europeans, in filver.^Payment is\nmade for the reft in Enghfli cloth, Batavian or\nMolucca tin, cott\u00C2\u00A9n from Surat awl Bengal,\nopium from Patna, fandil-wood and pepper from\nthe coaft of Malabar t lookfeg-glaffes \u00C2\u00A9f the\nlargeft dimenfions, Geneva and EngliSh watches, coral, fine pearls, and a few other articles of\nEuropean produce, are alfo among the goods\naccepted by the Gtfaefe. Now, the only Chinefe goods which the Europeans purchafe with\nall this wealth, are black aad green teas, feme\nchefts of raw (ilk, and an inconfiderable quantity of china-ware. Yet with fuch haughtinefs\ndo the Chinefe conduct themfelves in the management of a commerce which is to them fo lucrative, that it may with truth, be faid, that there\nis not a fingle cupof tea drank in Europe, which\nhas not been the caufe of humiliation to thofe\nwho purchafed it at Canton.\nIhe French voyagers had every reafon to be\nfatisfied with their reception, and with the\nkindnefs which they experienced during their\n ROUN^THE w'ORLEk.\n2 IS\nftay among the Portuguefe, and the other Europeans, in Macao. The Chinefe mandarin de-\nmanded nothing for their ftay in the road of\nTypa.jjkBut a knavifh purveyor who undertook\n4Kjj\u00C2\u00BB futiifli them with provisions, and impofed\nupon them fo enormoufly, that they were ofefeged\nafter five or fix days to difmifs him, had been\n.compelled, as they underftood, to Share his prowls -wifljfeftft government. From the period at,\n|which they 4\"charged this purveyor, their own\ncommiffary for provisions went dajfy to market,\naS'lnlany town of Europe : and by this management, they contrived to make the total expence\nof a whole month, lefs than that of the fhMI\n(week had been. But, thU \u00C2\u00A9economy was probably not very pleating to the Chinefe. Th&\ntemperature of *he climate, in the road of Ty-\n|pa, being exceedingly variable, the French navigators during their ffey in it, were almoft all affected with fevere colds accompanied wit&'fe-\nIver. They found the value of furs to be not\nabove a tenth part of what it. wa? when Captains\nGore and King agjfjved at Canton. The En-\nfeliSh had Since fpoiited the market, by the ea-\ngernefs o$their endeavours to fupply it. It was\np\u00C2\u00A9;wimpoiilbfeJtO obtain more than twelve or\nfifteen piafters, for fuch a fur as would have\nbrought an hundred piafters in the year 1780.\nThe whole ftock which our navigators had\nbrought from the N. W. coaft- of Am^i^\n(amounted to the number of a thoufand fmtisi\n[fftefe a Portuguefe merchant hUd pi^rchafed\nfor nine thoufand and five hundffed piaftres. But\nwhen the money wai\u00C2\u00A3%\u00C2\u00A9 be paid, he made pre- .\ntences to recede from hit bargain, of tjfi'rpofe, as\n|wa&tl\u00C2\u00ABpp&f\u00C2\u00A9d^ 4o \u00C2\u00A9btaljj- the furs' !U&. cheaper*\n LA PEVRSUSE SyVOYJilGE\"\nRatfier than fubmit to the impofition which\nthis man meditated, the French commanders\nthought proper to depofite their furs- at Macao^\nunder the care of their Swedifh friend above\nmentioned, for fale at. fome future opportunityi\nTheir obfervatory was erected at Macao, in the\nconvent of the Auguftines i. and, from a medi<-\num of feverial obfervations of distances between\nthe fun and the moon, they were enabled to fix\nthe eaftern longitude of this eity, at-.jf I deg.\nI p min. and 30 fee. Theyi at the fame time,\nfound their time-keepers to have, been of late\nmore deranged than at the firft, in their moves-\nments.. < .\nHaving finifhed all their tranfactions atMacaid\nthey left it on the 5 th of February, at \u00C2\u00A3 o'clock\nin the morning, with a north wind. The crew\nof each frigate was now augmented with fix Chi*.\nnefg faj$ors,taken on board to fupply the lofs of\nthofe who had perifhed at Porte de Francois*\nSailing without a pilot they followed a common\ncourfe, and paffed to the foufhward of the great\nLadrone Ifland. . The north winds at firft enin\nbled them to ftand to the eaftward. Soen aftav)\nthefe came round to the E. S. E. They paffeki\non the leeward of the Bank de Prat as, whielu\nhad been inaccuratelyJaid down in all the charts*\nfave that by Captain HSfig, in the account of\nCook's third -voyage*. Variable winds hindered\nthem froni following.always the precife courfe\nwhichtheyhad plantedoutfor themfelves, but\non the 15th of February they reached the iflarid\nof Luconia, in the latitude of 18 deg. 14 mina\nHere they were difappoi&ted of .falling ;imrnejdi-\nately in with the monfoon winds, as they.hadox?\npected. From various caufes, they did-nplk^i-.]\n ROUND THE WORLD.\na si\nthe 19th of Februlry, advance more than a league\na day. The winds becoming at length more fan\nvourable, they failed along the IlljcS' coaft, at\nthe diftance of two leagues from it. In the\nport of Santa Cruz they faw a fmall two-mafH-\ned veffel, which they fuppofed-might be taking\nin rice for China. None of the bearings of our\nvoyagers were here found to agree with the\n[Chart of M. Dapres. On the 20th they doubled\nCape Bulinas. On the 21ft, they came in fight\nof Point Lapones, bearing E. from them exactly in the windys eye. In the afternoon, the\nwind fuddenly fhifted to E, S. E. and they directed their courfe between Marivelle Islanb\nand the ifle of La Monha. After fome unfuc-\ncefsful attempts to enter the north channel, they\nwere obliged to come to an anchor in the Port\nof Mariyelle, where there was eighteen fathoms\ndepth of water over a muddy bottom. This port\n[is Sheltered from all but the S. W. winds ; and\nits ground is fo good, that even thefe will fcarce-\nly drive a Ship lying here from its ahchorage.\nA Short ftay i.^the Port of Marivelle, for the\npurpofe of procuring wood, gave the French\nvoyagers an opportunity of acquiring fome\nknowledge pf this ifle; their attempts to procure\nfome fifties, by hauling the line, -were unfuccefs-\nful, on account of the rocks, and the Shallownefs\nof the water near the Shore. They picked up,\nlaenrich their collection of Shells, fome curious\nSpecimens of that which is named the thorny\nwood-cock. On Shore, they came to a village\nconfifting of about forty houfes. The foundations of thefe houfes were raifed about four feet\nfrom the ground. Their walls and floors were\n[of Bamboo, and their roofs were covered with\n II\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nleavesS'They afcended%y ladders. Thijrtevfc\nmuch the appearance of bwl-cages fufpended i#\nthe air. The whole materials of $feh a houfe,\nwould, moft probably, not weigh more than two\n^inidred weigttr^rA large ruinous ediHce of\nhewn flone,. with' two brafs gifts at its windows*\nwas \u00C2\u00A9bferved in the front of the principal Street:\nTftat houfe had been the abode of the curare, the\nJehureh, and the fort, till in the year = 3780* the\nMoors from the ifles t\u00C2\u00A9 the South of itlfe Philip*\npines burned the \"village, demolished this^fori\ntrefs, and carried aim oft all the inhabitants of\nthe place away as captives. The colony has 1\n\nbout two hundred perfons compofed, 23 he iru-\nformed our voyagers, the whole number of hii.:\nparifhonera. t rThefe are liable to be continually\nalarmed by the piratical defcents of the Moorl,\nfrom whom they flee in trepidation, to the*?\nwoods. By thefe Moorish pirates, the trading\nboats which fail thefe fens^ are liable to be continually harraffed. They fail in very light\nrowing boats,-, Sol that itfis extremely difficult\neither to efcape or overtake the fwifjnefs $f\ntheir movements. The nexta;in; authority after\nthe curate, among thefe villagers, is an Indian\nofficer named alcade, who alone has the honour\nof carrying a filver headed cane. Such is his\nauthority over the Indians, that none of them.\n -RO&ND THE WORLD.\nII9\ndared*?*\u00C2\u00A9' felttrhe *4h%l&jj| ar^te* to the French\nikangers^Nmtil he h&d grgMed his permiffion,\nand^fven frxed tbe^price. Thssofficer is like-\nwife the fole vender of tobacco. He fells it on\naccount of the government; and the poor Im\ndi an 3 Buy and confume it :v^h extreme fonft*\nIfteSSk At the houfe of the curate, the French\nnavigators fawlfliree fmall^ntetepes, which did\nnot ex^ed the Size of a large rabbity and of\nwhich the ma?lf a knife, have hence acquired the denomination of fobbed turtle doves. $m&?-\nAfter palling theagreater part of a day in making- fuch \ obfervations as thefe, on the Wh\nand of ^darweMe ; the French navigators went\nin thcevening on board their Ships, and preparing to renew their voyage on the next morning.\nFrom a SpaniSh Ship 4tt.theport,- M. de la Peyroufe obtained an old Indian for \u00C2\u00A9 pilot, who\nagreed for-15^piaftres^ taoonduct^tkn to Cavite.\nOn the 25?t|jpat day-break^rthey failed through\nfehefou^ierai channel; :df?3iile the Indian pilot\nBOtttinuedto carry them away to the Southward,\nte had vesy-ndar^ occasioned afee frigates to rune\naground m the Bank of St. Nicholas. Th\u00C2\u00A9y\n F230\nLA *EYR\u00C2\u00A9USE S VOYAGE\nl*$\nfound that Dapres's Chart, though far from ex-\nact, was much more to be trufted than fuch a\nguide. Iheir courfe was but for 7 leagues^\nand they fpent three days upon it. ftAt laft, on\nthe 28di of February, they came to an anchor ia\nthe Bay of Manilla, and in the Port of Cavite,\nin three fathoms depth of water, over a muddy\nbottom, and at two cable's length from the towM\nThey had not been long at anchor before Ca-*-\nvite, when an officer of high rank arrived from\nManilla to invite them thither. But the favour-*\nable cirucmftances in which their Ships lay at\nanchor, induced them to decline his invitation.\nM. Boutin accompanied this officer on his retain to Manilla, in order to wait upon the governor-general in name of the French.'command-\ner, and to requeft the governor to give orders\nthat the French might be furniihed with whatever fupplies they wanted, before the 5th day o\u00C2\u00A3\nApril. M. Boutin experienced the moft polite\nreception from the governor-general; and thei\nmoft pofitire orders were iffued for the furnishing the fupplies which he required. A letter\nfrom the governor-general to the commandant\nof Cavite, authorized the latter to permit the\nFrench navigators to hold free intercourfe with?\nthe (hore, and to procure from it every requifite\nafiiftance and convenience. From this time,\nthey experienced the moft obliging hofpitality\nfrom the inhabitants of Cavite. Their intercourfe with the Shore* was very frequent and ve-:-\nry agreeable. Houfes for repairing their fails,\nfaking their provisions, building two boats, erecting their obfervatory, and lodging their Natural-\nilts and Engineers ; were furnifbed with an ho\u00C2\u00A3<\npitabie readinefsand a happy accommodation^\n &0^f|fP THE Wajj&E*.\nlit\nwhich they&ould hardly fe^eexperienced, eve^\nin any pott of Europe. M. Bermudes, coat\nmanderm-theiPortof Cavite, paid the moftnai\n\u00C2\u00A3duous attention toaall their wants and wifhes,\nOn the 2d day after their arrival at Cavite, the\ntwo French captains, with feveral of their offi-\n\u00C2\u00ABq&rs, failed in their boats, to vmt the city of Manilla. They were entertained by the governor\nat dinner; he then fent the captain of his-guards\nto conduct them to the houfes ofthe Archbyh-\n[Op, the Intend ant, and the other princifial \u00C2\u00A9Sheers: of the government, refident in Manilla,\npBiey would have been exceeding^ iiwommod-\nj-ed by the exceflive heat, had mt M. Sebir, a\nFrench Merchant, politely fent them his coach\nto conduct tbem on the different vifits which\nkieyhad to pay in the town. At Manilla, M.\nd^la Peyroufe fawM. IF\u00C2\u00A9bias,once g&iernor of\nthe Mariannes, whofe character had been hon-\nlouredby Raynal with fuch praifes, that his conn-\nteamen were -exeked to abhor him as an unbeliever i andeyen his own wife, a woman mad|y\nfe?iairical'i*ied out a divorce a^afeft him, on account of his infidelity. The French officers\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0could not but in gratitude pay a vint to their\ngaging co6\u00C2\u00ABitryi\u00C2\u00ABan, M. Sebir. They found\nhim to be a mam of a verjfcienlightened under-\npmding^. and an excellent heart. He had come\n:o Manilla with hopesof finding here commer-\nbkl advantages,,: of wlnch,healready faw himfolf\n^appointed by the prejudices againft Strangers,\nind thedefpotifm ofathe admirii&ratian. At 6\nbfciock in the evening, the Jrench gentlemen re-\nnftied totthnrr )boats y a*m\ abo& eight, they\nivereagaiaon board their frigates. In.CHCum-\n(tancesfo advantageous, they were encouraged\n LA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nfo;overhawl their rigging, and to make the moft\nthorough ^repairs upon every thing about their\nfhips, that wanted reparation. To prevent any\ninconvenience from the tardinefs ofllhe merchants who had undertaken to furnifti them with\nflour, bifcuit, and other (lores.; M. Ganfoles\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2Carmagnal, Intendant ef the Philippines, obligingly infpected the progrefs of the workmen,\n*nd haftened every thing as if he himfelf had\nheen perfonally concerned in the fuecef s of the\nExpedition of the French voyagers. .Jtfor did\nthe kindnefs of this gentleman reft here: Hp\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2made the French Naturalists accept.a multitude\nof valuable fpecimtns dFrom his rich collec^iOnf\nofthe curiofitiesof the Philippines. He afiifted\nAem in procuring money for bills of exchange\nto the amount of i\u00C2\u00A9,co\u00C2\u00A9 piaftres, which M. El-\ndtockenftrom had, by ^this time, authorized them\n-to draw upotihim on account \u00C2\u00A9f^heir otter-fl^ins\n-which ha<} been left for f ale trader 4\u00C2\u00BBs charge.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2This money was now oHfttmuted among the fai-\n3\u00C2\u00A9rs, as had heen formerly promifed t@ them.\nThe climate of Manilla proved leSs hofpitable to\nour voyagers than were its inhabitants. Thei\nexcefhve heats proved unfavourable to the health\nof the .Ships companies, in general. Several of\nthe Sailors were attacked with cholics. Meffrs.\nde Lamanon and Daifcremont, who weraill w^t|\nxiyfenteries when they arrived in the port of Ca\nWite, became continually worfe while on la\nthere. - M.'Daigremont died on the 25 th daf |\nafter his arrival. M. Lamanon, with difficulty!\nefcaped. On the 28th of March, the French\nvoyagers had finiifhed every labour that they intended to execute at Cavite. The faking of\ntheir prarifions, they had performed themfefctSf\n \u00E2\u0080\u00A2>.\nROU&D THE WORLD,\n*2\"5\nupon theiiplart of prcredure^Fceommended by\nCommodore Cook. While they were preparing\nto depart, they were informed of the arrival ia\nCanton I&yer, of two French fliips of war ; La\nRfolution, under the command ol M. d'Entre\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nj eaitcaux , and La Subtile, commanded by M. la\nI Croix de Caftries. Thefe gentlemen were upoiv\n! a voyage, of which the aftronomical obfervations -\ni mult hereafter prove highly beneficial to the.\nj navigation of thefe feas. The frigate La Subtile\nibon after joined our navigators in the bay of\n|.jfanilla, and brought difpatches to M. de la Pey-\n\ Knife. But no private letters were as yet received from France. From on board La Subtile, a\n| tfmply of anoflicer and four men to each of the\nIrrigates belonging to this expedition, was re--\n\u00C2\u00A9eived, for the purpofe of making up the lofs*\nihey hjs(d fuffered at Port de Francois^ M. de\nSaint Ceran being in a very declining State of\nhealth, took the opportunity of departing in la\nSubtile for the Ifle of France^After our voyagers were in almoft all refpects ready to fail, ther\ncoming on of Pafhon-week occasioned delays in\nparticular articles, by which they were obliged\nto defer their departure to Eafler-Monday. During the ftay at Cavite, M. Dagelet, the aftrono-\nmer, had'enjoyed great advantages for his a fir a-\nnomical obfervations ; and he failed not to avail\nhimfelf of them. 'He was enabled to determine\nthe E. Longitude of Cavite- to be ia.i 18 deg. 50\nmin. 40 fee. and its N. Lat. in 14 deg. 29 min.\n9 Sec. Before their departure, M.t de la Peyroufe, with M. de Langle, went to thank the\ngovernor-general for the attention he had fhewn\nto the expediting of their affairs. They waited\n-fjfo on the iiitendant; to whom theiracknowl^-\n tz4\nLA PEYROGSE'SfVOYAGE\nedgemcnts were not lefs 4ue. After fhh,ihtf\nwere hofpitably entertained, for two days longer, at the houfe of M. Sebir, from which they\ntook occafion to vifit whatever was molt remark-*\nable in the environs of the town of Manilla.\nThe following are the principal obfervaticTiS\nwhich the French navigators had opportunity t\u00C2\u00A9\nmake on the ftate of Cavite and Manilla, during\ntheir ftay in thefe parts. Cavite is Situate three\nleagues 3. W. from Manilla. It was forme-riva\nmore confiderable and flourishing than at pre*l\nfent. Its principal inhabitants now- -are, thf\ncommandant of the arfenal, a eontador, a com- i\nmandant of the town, two lieutenants of the>]\nport, 150 foldiers with their officers in garrifefil7\nThe reft oi the townfraen are mulattoes \u00C2\u00A9r In>\ndians, to the number of about 400\u00C2\u00A9, who live\npartly in the city, and partly in the futmrb of\nSt. ICoch. Here are three converts, each \u00C2\u00A9oil\ncupied b} only two ecclefiaftics. The parishes are\ntwo in number. An handfome houfe, which\nbelonged formerly to the jefuits, is now appro-;\npriated to the ufe ofthe Royal Commercial Comv\npany. The whole town, in truth, has more the\nair of an heap of ruins, than of-the capital of a\nprovince.'! The port, however, infpected by M/\nBerrnudes, is in a much better ft.-ne. He has-'efc\ntablifhed admirable difcipline and order in thofe\nworks which are carried on in itJ^The work-\nhoufes are the fame as in the arfenals of Europe ;\nthe workmen are Indians. The City of Ma**\nniila, with its fuburbs and immediate invirons^\nis of great extent. Of 38,000 perfons, th%;\nwhole number of its inhabitans, not more than\n1000 or 1200, are Spaniards. Mulatioes, Chi*\nnefe, and Indians make up the reft, 'liken the\n ROUND THE WORLB;\nI*L$X\npooreft of the SpaniSh families, keeps at leaft\none carriage. A beautiful river flowing by Manilla, divides itfelf, in its progrefs, into feveral\n^ia%^ent eh^ji^els, of which the two principal\nfall Into the famous lake ofBahia.. That lake\ndies at the diftance of 7 leagues backward into\nthe interior country, amidft an eminently fertile\nterritory, and is bordered by more than 100\n^jgdian villages. >^Si$aniila Stands on the very\nifeore of the Bay wliieh bears its name. This\nBay is more tl^tn 25 leagues in circumference*\nThe rilgr, which paffes by Manilla t\u00C2\u00A9 pour its\nwaters into this bay, is navigable as far upwards\nas to the lak&of Bahia*- The markets of this\ncity afford all the neceffaries of life, in the great-\neft abundance ; but, on account of the restraints\nupon the freedom of^rade, the.prices of all goods\nof European manufacture are here enormoufly\nhigh. Of the Philippine Ifles, in general, it muft\nhe owned, that the Spaniards do notappear dul|*a\nto understand and cultivate their importance.\nThefe Ifles are peopled by no fewer than\n3,000,000 of inhabitants, of which Luconia\nalone contains-about one-third part. Neither\nin their bpdily nor mental powers, do the natives\nappear to yield at all to our Europeans. They\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2jgffactice both the agricultural and the mechanic\narts, with abundant dexterity and Skill. The\nSpaniards, indeed, fpeak of them with eontempt.\nBut their vices feem rather to be produced by\nthe government under which they are enflaVed,\nthan to be the refults of their native character,.\nThe hopes of gold were the firft motives which\ninduce^the Jkianiards to.occupy fye Philippine\nIflands. Thefe, however, have been but very\npoorly gratified,\" Superstition next fought -itr*\n n6\nLA PEYRWSE S VOYAGE\nharvefts, in die conversion of the native inhabitants of thefe Ifles to the Catholic religion\u00C2\u00A3>Con-\nfiderable fuccefs attended its endeavours, andM*3$r\nextravagantly fevere penitentiary difcipline, was,\nin confequence, eftabliihed among Ae converts-\nThe catholic penitents of Manilla might often\nvie with the Indian Faquirs, in the Severity of\nthe difcipline to which ifhey voluntarily Submit*!\nThe frontaneous abundant of nature eneoura-1\nges thefe people to indulge in an indolence,\nwhich they connect with their piety, by flocking\nin great numbers to fetigUifh out life in mona\u00C2\u00ABile4\nretreats. The government adopts no wife nor\ngenerous meafures, to kindle up aihong its fub-\njects the fpirit of active exertion. Sugar has I\nbeen occasionally fold here forlefsthan an half-penny a pound ; and rice has beeUiuffered to ro* un-\nreaped upon thegrou&d. Severe eccfefiaftieal t^Ml\nranny here cramps and deprefles the human\npowers. Yet the peasants wear afn air of hap*:\npinefs, which is rarely to be feen in the hamlets\nor villages of Europe. Their houfes are Shaded\nby fruit-trees, which grow without culture ;\nand they appear remarkably neat; The head of\nevery family pays a very moderate tax, of only I\nfive reals and an half, in which is included tb&l\ntax to the church, as well as that to the king.\nThe bifhops, cancfts, and priefts, enjoy but mod*-,\n\u00C2\u00A9rate ftipendsf whfch are paidto them from thea\ngovernment. No people in the world are more\npafhonately fond \u00C2\u00A9f tobacco than the inhabitants\nof thefe ifleS. Even children begin in very infancy\nto ufe it. Scarcely a man or woman is to be Ceefil\nat any molten* throughout the whole day without\na fegar in the mouth. The Ifhmd of Luconia\naffords the belt tobacco in all Afia\u00C2\u00BB Evjery pea?-\n ROUND tHE WO&CDi\n127\nfant cultivates tiie plant around his ownhbutei\"\n11 is exportecfchenoe into e#e*j part \u00C2\u00A9f I ndia, by\nthofe foreign veffels which ntfve pettflifion to\nland in Manilla. But the avarice and inhumanity wthe government have lately impofed a tax,\nand prohibitory reftfictions, which threaten\nto blaft all the'$tt!e happenefs that the people\nof thefe ifles have continued, fill thi^t^aej.td\nenjoy. Cotton, indigo, fugar canes, grow here*\njfpotuso^sdu^yi m great ab^d*nce^c^tfti^^ffro-\nper care and cultivation^ thefpices of the Philip-\npine Ifles would probably not yield to thofe of the\nMoluccas. A \u00C2\u00BB4W company f\u00C2\u00A9r we eommerfee of\nthefe k&es, has been lat4f^ere&t.ed by thoSpalftifh\ngovernment. The great \u00C2\u00A9eject of Spain, in re-\nfpect to tile trade?4iitween Manilla^hd the ports\n\u00C2\u00A9f the Indian cormnentf$^l*pr\u00C2\u00A9e*tre tftfreugh\nthis^ifeannel, for the ufe particularly \u00C2\u00A9f her A-\n*n\u00C2\u00A3#ican colonies, and even of the pane^couni\ntry,$\u00C2\u00A3\u00C2\u00BBofe articles of \u00E2\u0080\u00A2Uf6} Or lux4ty, wh&h are\nthe tnoper produce and m'anufacturMof India\nand China. F\u00C2\u00A9r^is eftd, thefS is a fair held at\nManila, whieh^open M the Iriltian nations on-\nly^ftlfTo rtfis fair,$ltejgo\u00C2\u00A9ds -'fer fale are indeed\nbrought fm'der^tlftdian names ; but they are always English property* and are fold \u00C2\u00A9&accouii\u00C2\u00A7<\n\u00C2\u00A9f yE'#fl&&* merchants. Some S^Stmfh fettle\nmeiits fubfift precaridufly, aftd in no very flour*.\niShiftg'ftate, on^hefc iflands which lie foutfiward\nfrcwivLueonia. The ifles of Mindanao, Panay,\nand $BridoorO, are inhabited hy Malays, whole\nf>i\u00C2\u00A5attcfr1 depredat*0Hs are extremely troubleforrie\nthe Spaniards and their Indian fubjeetsv\nto\nThey take many ca^JtivisHtrtheir piracies, which\nare frequently purchafed from them for flaves,\nby the very eommanders of the SpanHh mifitia\n t\u00C2\u00A3%\nLA'f\u00C2\u00BB\u00C2\u00A3T?\u00C2\u00AB\u00C2\u00A9USE;S\n' idreati Coafi^tsfc. CirY.\nHEN the French voyagers were jtift\nabout to fail from the port of Cavite, they received a farewellTifit from their friend M. Bermudes,\n|s$io affured|j\u00C2\u00A3hem that the North Eaft Monfoon\nwould not yet for a month, make that change\nwhiflj^b wasanOjoeffary to. render their failing prosperous, in their deftined courfe. |&But they were\nimpatient to proceed, and flattered themfelves\nwithftjae hope of a lucky exception for this year^\nfuch as might duly favour their wifhes. On thfc*\npth of April, they failed with a Une breeze at Nv\nE. Small variations of the tfinds allowed theml\nto get fpeedily to the northward of {the ifland of.\nLuconia : but they had hardly failed round Cape\nBujador, when the wind fteadily fettled at N. E.\nOn the 21ft of Apri^they reached the ifland of\nFormofa. a In the channel between that ifle an4\nLuconia, tliey met with fome very violent currents, occafioned^probably by irregular tides,\npfibey were, on the 22d of April,-about three\nleagues distant, Eaft by Soutfe from Lamay Ifland, which is at the South-We ft point of For-\nInofa. The fea here rolled in very high billows:\nOur voyagers were led to think, that they m%ht\nproceed more eafily northward, if they might\nreproach nearer to the Chinefe coaft :. Under.\niheN. N, E. winds, they fleeted to the North\n fe.\nLA PEYROUSE% VOYAGE\nWe*t. In the middle of the channel, in 22 deg-\n57 min. North Latitude, and in 1-16 deg. 41\nmin. Eaft Longitude, they found, upon founding, a fandy bottom, under 25 fathoms depth\nof water : In four minutes, the depth of the\nwaterwas diminifhed to 19 fathoms: A Shorn\ntime after, the line indicated only 12 fathoms*:?\nThey were at this time niore^thah 30 leagues\ndiftant from the Chinefe coaft. Y*nry properly\njudging, therefore, that this fhallownefs of the j\nwater indicated the prefenee of a fand-bank not\nyet laid down in any of the charts ; they turn- 1\ned their courfe again toward the iffend of Formofa. Finding the irregularities ofthe bottom\nftill to continue, they eaft anchor,' and halted I\nrill the morning. In the morning, no breakers\nwere feen around them ; and they renewed-J\ntheir courfe toward the continent of China;.\nThey were again in a Short time alarmed by a\nftaUownefs of the water, and inequality of the\nbottom, Similar to thofe which they had before\n\u00C2\u00A9bferved. To get beyond the fphere of this\ndanger, they turned their courfe to the oppofite\npoint of the compafs. South Eaft by Eaft. Af\u00C2\u00A7\nter running in this manner fix leagues over an-\nunequal bottom of rock and fand, in a depth:\n\u00C2\u00A9f water; varying from eleven to twenty four-t\nfathoms, they at-length fbund their foundings-j\nbegin to indicate gradually deeper and deeper\nwater till at laft, about ten o'clock in the evening, at the diftance of about twelve leagues*\nfrom the point from which they reverted thcird\ncourfe, they could find no bottom.1 The bank,;\nof which they thus afcertain ed the existence^\nbasils South Eaft extermity in 2-2 deg. 52 min..\n \u00E2\u0080\u00A2ROUND ftlE WORLD.\nu*\nNorth Latitude, and in 1-17 deg. 3 min. Eaft\nL ongitude.\nThey were now carried towards the entrance\nm the.. Bay of Old Fort Zealand, on which\nftands, the city of Taywan, the-capitahof the ifle.\nThe Chinefe colony of Formosa was, at this\npme, in a ftateof revolt; and an army of twenty thoufand men had been fent, under the command ofthe Santoq of Canton, to reduce them\nto-thgir duty. Deiirous to learn news of this\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2war, La Peytoufe xarae to an anchor a little\n[weft ward from that bay, in water \u00C2\u00A9f the depth\nof feventeen fathoms. But, it afterwards oc-\ncurred;to his reflection, that there might be\ndanger in fending boats on Shore, while the\nmips were at fuch a diftance out at fea; and\nthat, to a very confiderable diftance from the\nihore, the channel Of the bay was, according to\nthe old accoutsofthe Datoh, too Shallow to\n\he Safely acceffrole to the frigates. He-attempted, therefore, only to accoft feme of the Chinefe fl thing-boats which were frequent around\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2him, and to obtain from them the information\nwhich he wanted. With difficulty, he prevajjj-\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2ed with one man to coame on board ; who fold\nthem fome fifties at Lis own price, but could\n[not, for the want of figns or fpeech mutually intelligible, communicate any news to fatisfy their\ncuriofity. Fifes, which might he fignals of\nalarm* were feenon<|he Shore. , But, it feemed\nImprobable that the Chinefe and the rebel armiea\nwere at this time., upon fome dim^rent^art of the\ncoaft. Sailing, on the next day, ten leagues\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2northward, our navigators came within fight of\n.thefe armies, at the mouth of a great river, in 23\ntteg. 25 rmm .N. Lat. Oppofite to the mouth \u00C2\u00ABjf\n dLA'feYROU&'s VOYiM3E\n4\u00C2\u00A3psr~i&cr, in^ibnty feven fathoms of water, over a muddy ground, the frigates eaft an-\n4&or. At the fame plaee-t&r the Chinefe fleet,\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0coiinfting-of a great multitude of veffels. *?&\u00C2\u00A9->\nfore day, ourvoyagers wer$*ebliged, by the bad-\nnefe of the weather, to weigh anchor, without\nhaving gained that knowledge which they ardently-de fired, concerning the designs and movements ofthe warlike force oefore them. Standing from the fhore, with topfails attd^courfis clofih\nreefed^M. de la Peyroufe hoped, that he might:\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0double the \u00C2\u00ABPescadore Isles, by 'keeping the\nfhip's head to the N. W. before a N. N. I\u00C2\u00BB:\nwind, -j^IVhis aftonifliment, at nine o'clock in\nthe morning, feveral rocks, making a part of that\ngroup of ifles, were feen before them, in the\nhearing of N..N. W. The billows rolled fo\nhigh and fo tempeftuous, ik&t the breakers from\nthefe rocks were not to be diftkiguifhed from\nthem. They sow tacked zndfiood towards Foi>\nraofa.-'j5n this continuation of their courfe, they\nfound the channel, between Formofa and the\nifles^J.E. of $>e Pefcadores, not to exceed four\nleagues jn breadth. Perceiving k, at iengtir1 to\nbe impoffible, that they Should Succeed in accomw\nfMifhlng | their courSe through tins channe^' he-\nIbreX ther change of the monfoOn ; they were induced todirect their progrefs towards the moft\nfouthern of the Pefcadores, bearing W.;$. *W.\nWiththe: purpofe of paffing to the Eaftward of\nFormofaJf^TheJ failed along, parallel to the\nPefcadores, at two leagues of diftance from\nthem. '\n1 Thefe ifles extend' Southward, at leaft as far\nas *3 deg. 25 min. ^Fhey are merely an affem-\nhlage-of recks in alrnclft^ every pef&ble djver$ty\n rBfiVB1\u00C2\u00A9 *BS'WOTSfcO#\n'33\njoifhapes. Five of them are o\u00C2\u00A3&\u00C2\u00AEt\u00C2\u00A7erate elevA-\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2jtion^iike fandy downs,' butleithout t$ees. fiCbie\n^exhibits afe perfect a refemblance**\u00C2\u00A9 the tower of\n-Qbrdouan, ^alithe mouth \u00C2\u00A9f Jjil riverf&Qurdeattx,\nas if it-had been, .hewn out ^Jkhrhsnds. The\n^Duteh, when maStets of Itegmofa, > fortified. the,\nport of PffiNGHOUjoneofthsfo⩽ ThejChi-\nmefe, atorefent, maintain in it a|garrifon of five\nor fix hundred Tartars, r$ouritrf8g feveral times\n'mdierothe water was considerably fnmoth, under\nthe Shelterof\u00C2\u00A3hefe:ifles$:they>$aund a faady bottom, with remarkahleHneqoaihaes of dej&h.\na.-. SoensaS^cr, ithe^/oteetedathetti courfe E.-S.\n:E. of purpofe to i pafspnto the; channel between\n[FormoSa and^CiBi^efeJ&LANDS. Next day,\njthey experienced a vieleothut tr^nJient blaftr \u00C2\u00A9f\n'windr^Rains, fuchas.areto be equalled only\nrbetween the tropics, accompanied the winds.\nLightnings, with-inceftantafiaShes, vffom every\npoint ofthe horizon,inflamed the fkies, through-\nouti^he night. a0ne loud burfting clap of thun-\nnier was,alone^Swtard. .The wind was at N.jW.\nduring this:whole tright:'t The clouds flew to**\nwards she fouthwweft : A fog, wturBh; hovered\nlow over their heads, followed the impiijfe ofethe\n4dwer currents of air, alone. It feemed as if\n< fome (Crifis-of nature were* threatened ; and our\nnavigators were, therefore, induced to Steer to a\n< distancefrom$he$mo*e. Diuring:Ae next day,\nJthey wer\u00E2\u0082\u00AC?jdetaifted in a deadjealm^aa the middle\nof *he channel between \u00C2\u00B1he ...Bafliee Iflands, and thofe of ;BoTCL^aT\u00C2\u00ABBae\u00C2\u00A9\u00C2\u00BBxitMA.\nOf -this channel, the wedth may be Sixteen\nleagues. :Ett&bfledaby^heiWihiistQ approach $ie\n|flevofiBotol Tobaco-xkna, they could dh^ct-\n**1v perceive^ifcree Ullages, ou its vfouthern coaft*\n *Jf4\nLA PEYR^USE'&n^OYAGE\nBr\nt vi'.\nA canoe feemed to bend its courfe towards\nthem, from the Shore. The S. E. point of the\nifle is in 21 deg. 57 min. N. Lat. in 119 deg. 32\nmin. E. Long, fime only bay in the ifland, bm\ningopen to the S. E. winis, which our voyagers had now the moft to fear: thejr were hence\ndeterred from msHttHg any attempt to land. No\nbottom was to be found by the foundhigs of the\nfrigates, even at their neareft approach to Botol\nTobaco-xima. The ifle may be about four\nleagues in circumference^ilt is feparated by a\nchannel of half 2l league j from an uninhabitable\nTocky iflet, the furface of winch difplays fome\nfhrubs, with a little graffy verdure. From the\nfea-fhore, for two-thitidbioi its elevation, Botol\nTabaco-xima, prefents a territory clear of wood ;\nin many places cultivated ; furrowed, here and\nthere, with the channels of torrents which are\noccasionally precipitated from the mountains.\nThe fuperior one-third of the elevation of the I\nifle, is covered to the very fummit, with trees ou\nthe largeft fize. Three confiderable villages)!\nfeen by the French navigators, within the fpace 1\nof a league, feem to befpeak this ifle to be not\nfcantily peopled. In clear weather, Botol To-J\nbaco-xima may probably be feen at 15 leagued!\ndiftance; but it is, often furrounded by fogs\nwhich muft conceal it from the mariner's view.\nOur voyagers after palling this ifle, had to\ncontinue their courfe amid an archipelago of\nIflands, which was hitherto known to the geographers of Europe, only from a letter of the\nmiffionary father Gaubil. In that letter, he\nf peaks with but little accuracy concerning the\nMngdom of Liqueo, and its SJjk-and-tnJrty iflands, from the information of the King of Li-\n }ROUKD THE WORLD.\nm\nqileo's ambaffador at Pekin.' Every degree of\nvigilance and caution was, therefore, to be exerted, in advancing throUgh this track. On the\n5th of May, at 1 oolock in the moriing, they\ncame withurgfigbt of an ifland bearing from\nthem N. N. E. They failed along its weftern\ncoaft, at half a league's diftance from the fhore.\nNo bottom could be found by their foundings\nhere. Fires, in feveral places, and herds of oxen grazing on the fearShore, foon evinced to\nthem that this-ifle was inhabited. Canoes came\nto vifit them from thtfvfhore. But, after the cu-\nriofity \u00C2\u00A9f the peffbns in thofe canoes had brought\nthem within mufleet-Shot Of the frigates, their\ndifeuft inside them flee away with great celerity. The Show of prefents, with friendly Shouts,\nand geftures, at length won two other canoes to*\ncome alongfidje the frigates. To the perfons in\nthefe, prefents of a piece of nankeen, and fome\nmedals, were offered ; which were received with\ncxprefllons of gratitude; When about to come\n\u00C2\u00A9n board the French veffels, they, with folemn\ngefture, placed their hands on their breafts, and\nthen raifed their arms towards the fky ; and the\nrepetition of thefe geftures by the French,\nfeemed to infpire them with new confidence.\nStill, however j. they could not diveft ihemfelves\nof a diffidence which was flrongly exprefled in\ntheir countenances. They are not, by nation,\neither Chinefe or Jnpanefe. In their afpect,\nthey feem to partake ofthe exterior character of\nboth thefe two different races of people, their\ncanoes were hollowed trunks of trees ;\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 and they\ndid not row them with die dexterity of a people accaftomed to live chiefly at fea. Each\nwore a dagger with a golden handle. They\n kA PEY||4ts afpect*4s exceedingly i&M\ntsereSVing: in the nsicfdle of this ifle, towers up J\nro the elevation of \"about ifcfefo toifes, a peak.\nxsSiich is viable ^a\u00C2\u00A3 fthe diftance of <*8 or 20\nleagues : ^rbm? flie decks, with the aid of their\nperfpective I^afles, tififr *vo$age'rs cciuld difcern\nme fields^to be ^even ' mmutet^fubdnrided by\nhickrfures : the*$\u00C2\u00ABxtti&tffe-crops, and the vary*j\nIng colours of cultivation, likewife met and delighted theeye^t On tiu\u00C2\u00AB|f*fife, at fhfefctime under the dominionof t^e i\u00C2\u00A3ing of \"C^rea, was\nwrecked^i?t the fttffr 4^635, a^Dutch 4hip, nam-|\ned the Sparrow-haw^. Irs crew elbaped the\nrage of-the bil lows* only'to be doomed %o perpetual Servitude among the inhuman people, on\n*phofe^hore they werereaft. Alter a captivity\nof t8 years, during which -they had buffered\nmuteh cruel treatment, fome Of theie unfortunate Ca^ti^es, \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0082\u00ACont^-i^-rot\u00C2\u00A9 eOme off from this hie.\nfelt they were probably fent, r-afcher to watch,\nthan to hail the French /frigates : for they came\nnot up :to >them.\n^Our 'voyagers ftill\u00E2\u0080\u0094advanC^..' They -puffed!\nea'Stward from the^N.\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\"Ev-- pomtof the iftand of\nQnelpaert. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Eve#-kourrth.ey founded; and^the\ndepth continued tO>varyr from* fellin '\u00E2\u0080\u00A2ftfth'fficF moft northern olN\n ROUND THE WORLD.\nichain of rocks, more than ^leagues diftant from*\njthe^ontinentof Corea. Their bearing-h nearly\nN.E. andS.W. On the day following, Corea-\nappeared within view; arange of rocks oriflets,^\n[cunning along before it. Two leagues fouth,\nprom thefe iflets, the depth of \u00C2\u00ABhe foundings was\npom 30 to 35 fathoms, with a muddy bottom.\nSle fim, piercing through the fogs, enabled\nHiem, happily, to take excellent obfervations of\ndie latitude and longitude\ obfervations of fo\nmuch the greater importance, becaufe the Jesuits, during their profperity, as miflionaries in\nthe Chinefe empire, were the only perfons that:\npad, as.yet, made anyacommunications concern-\nnig the geography or hydrography of thefe parts^*\nto the inhabitants of Europe. ;Id the night of\nthe 25 th, the French navigators pafied the\nSfreight of Corea. The night was clear; the ~\nwinds-blew with ccmfiderable$riSksefs from the:\n$\u00E2\u0080\u00A2. W. and a great fwelling of the Sea came froraa\nthe north, ^hey failed on- eafily before then,\nwind, at the rate of two knots anhour ; wiShing,;\nto afcertain, after day-break, the accuracy of\nthofe obfervations which they had-made during;\nthe evening-, that-they might give every requi-\nfite degree of corredtnefs point of the ifle of Niphojf\u00C2\u00AB\nThe exact pofition of Cape Nabo, the N. WJ\npoint of this ifle, had been before afcertai'ned by\nCaptain King, An equally ^Satisfactory .fixing- o\u00C2\u00A3\nthe fituation of its oppofite extremity,'weald put\n mO&&D THE w*B5EK.\nan end to the uncertainties and conjectures of/\ngeographers concerning the form of thefe coaftfc*.\n\u00C2\u00A9h the 28th our navigators diicovered^ in 37*\ndeg. 2^^mimN..Lat. in 12$. deg. 2 rain. E. Long,\nthe north-eaft point of an ifle, which received,\nin honour of the aftron\u00C2\u00A9mer by whom it wa#\n[firft perceived,, the name of Isle Dagelet^.\nThey failed round it, at a mile's diftance from-\nthe (bore ; and founded, as they failed* without\nfinding a bottom. A boat was then Sent, un-'\nder the command of\"M, Boutin, to carry the\nfoundings to the very beach. Nearly at the\nledge of a furfwhich breaks on the coaft, at the\ndiftance of an hundred toifesfrom the ifland, he\nfound bottom under twenty fathoms depth of\nwater. -jThe; ifland is about three leagues in cir\u00E2\u0080\u0094\ncarmferonceJf A rampart of bare rocks, -riling\naver the bi$ows, with an abrupt and precipitous elevation, encircles its whole out-line, except only feven fmall Sandy creeks, which are\nacceffibie lo boats. From the very brink of the\niiore to its extreme height, it is^evergrown witfo\ntall ftately trees, fitted to furnish the moft excellent timber^In the creeks, our navigators\nSaw fome boats of Chinefe condructign on the.\nSocks. Th^HuppoSed, that the workmen might\nprobably have fled into the woods, at their ap-.\npreach. Other workmen were feen by them,\nUpon turning round upon a point, to flee into\nthe woods from a fecond dock-yard. Had not\nthe \u00C2\u00A9ppofition of Strong currents prevented,\nM. de la Peyroufe would gladly have gone on\nfiiore, t\u00C2\u00A9 explore the ifle, and to convince thofe\ngood people that they had nothing to fear from\nthe French.\n- On the 30th of May, favoured by the wind*\n LA PEYROUSE'&sHdYAGE*\nnow fixed at S. S. E. M. de la Peyroufe endeavoured to approach the coaft of Japan,^ But, the\ncontrariety of the winds rendered the attempt fo\ndifficult, that nothing but its extreme importance could have hindered him'froni abandoning\nit almoft immediately. On the 2d of June, in.\n37 deg. 38 min. N. Latitn;i32 deg. 'iOjroin. E^\nLong, two Japanefe veffels paffed within fight of\nthem ; one of thefe, fo near, that they could\ndistinctly mark the appearances of things on'her1\ndeckp. Her crew, conSfting of twenty men,\nwore blue garments made inthefafliion of caf-\nfocks : She might be of about an-hundred tons\nburthen: She had a Single malt, which feemed\nto be formed of a number of fmaller matt-trees^,\nunited by means of copper hoops and wool-\ndings : Her fail was linen, with its breadths not\nfewed, but laced together; very large ; and ac-*\ncompanied with two jibs and a fprjtfail: A\nfmall gallery, three feet broad, projected from\neach fide of the veffel ; and extended for about\ntwo-thirds of her length from the item, alorigh\nthe gunwale. She had, on her item projecting^\nbeams, which were painted green : The boat!\nplaced athwart her bows exceeded, by Seven ofi\neight feet] the breadth of the veffel. It is. probable, that fuch veffels as thefe are intended only for failing on the coafts, and in the faireft\nfeafon of the year; and that the Japanefe have\n^ Stouter veffels for braving the wintry Storms, in\nmore diftant feas. Senear did the'French navigators pafs to this veffel, that they could remark\ntfreexpreflion in the countenances of the perfons\non her decks : It indicated neither fear norafton-\nifhment.|pThe Frenchmen hailed her, as She\npilled; and the Japanefe failed not to make an*\n ROUND THE WORLD.H$\nifwer. But, their languages were reciprocally\n.unknown ;.. fo that mutual converfe was impof-\n[fible between them. The Japanefe veffel had a\n[fmall ! white 'flag, on which were fome words\nwritten vertically..- Its name was on a fort of\ndrum which flood befide the enfign-ftaff.\nOn the morning of the 4th of June, in 133\n[deg. 17 min. E. Long, in 37 deg. 13 mini N*\nLat. the French'voyagers imagined, with fome\n[uncertainty, that they faw land: But the weath-\njer was dark and Stormy : Their horizon was\nontracted within a quarter of a league ; and\n[the winds blew with a violence which madea\u00C2\u00A3\nimpoffible for them to halt, till they might afcertain. whether it were indeed land that they\nhad feen. In the courfe of this day, no fewer\nthan fe.ven Chinefe veffels, matted like the Ja-\naanefe bark above defcribed, but of a Structure,\nsetter adapted to Struggle with Stormy feas, paffed within fight of the French frigates.J They\npad, every one, three black bands ain the con-\nbve part of the fail ; were each of about thirty\nbr forty tons burthen ; and had crews of eight\ninen, each. They ran clofe fo the wind, with\n\heir larboard tacks en board, and their heads to\nhfe.W.S. W.\nOn the 6th of* June, our navigators arrived\nkrithin fight of Cape Not\u00C2\u00A9 and the ifland of\nipoTsi-siMA, which are parted by a channel\ntbout five leagues in widenefs. They were fix\neagues from land: but, the clearnefs of the\njveather enabled them to diftinguifh the trees,\nivers, and hollows upon it. Rocky iflets,\nbreading with many irregularities, from the very\nprater's edge to the courfe of the frigates, hinder-\nfd thefe from approaching nearer to the ihon\u00C2\u00A7\n LA.#EYR\u00C2\u00A9U$E'S VOYAGE\n&$ietr ^founm'n^s here indicated, under $xf^\nfathomsof water, 3a bottom ofnock and coral.\nilhey ran along the coaft of Jcotfi*&na ; and\nLid ftill the fame foundings$5jtThis ifle^Jias -an\nagreeable afpect, is well wooded, is narrow in\nits circumference, and of aflat furface. Grdi-\na^nary dwelling houfes : afonie more cosfederable\n^edifices; a caftlc looking Structure ; and fome\n.jpofts with crofs-beams at the upper extremity 4|\n-attracted our voyager's notice from the ifle, as\n^hey Tailed along. Fogs again iurrounded them, ]\niasthey left J\u00C2\u00A9otfi>-frma. But, they hadihsippillj\nafcertained, wkh accuracy, afbme remarkable,\n-hearings,the knowledge of which muft beof the\n;:greateft ufe to Geography, and efpe^ially -to all\nfuture navigators in thefe feas. Cape Noto, on\nthe coaft of Japan, appears, from their obferva-\nations, to be in 37 deg. 26 min. N. \u00C2\u00A3*at. in 13M\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2-deg. 34 min. E. Long. Jootfi-fima, in 37 deg*|\n51 min. N. Lat. 135 deg*-2\u00C2\u00A9 mm. Long. thef\nmoft Southerly pointof the ifland of >Niphon, in\n37 deg. 18 min. \"N. Lat. in 135 deg. 5^in. E.\nLong. ys|\nTlie opposition of Strong, unvarying South\nwinds, hindered M. de la Peyroufe from afcer-^\ntaining, according to his earneft defite, the fitu4\nation of the moftibuthern and the moft weftern i\npoints ofthe ifland of $4iphom tinder >the im*j\npulfe -\u00C2\u00A9f thefe fame winds, he turned his iw^th it a\n: variety of oyfters,-and other (hell SiShes. To\" the\noyfters were often attached\u00C2\u00A3that little bivalve\nI'^ieM-fflh, which the FrenA name pqulette, and\nIwhieh, on the coaft of Europe, is often found in\na State of i$fctrife&i\u00C2\u00A9n. Large whelks, fea-\nihedjjjihojreof the common foi*, ft-ar*fi!bes, hol-\n[\u00C2\u00A9thuria?, and very fmall pieces of beautiful coral,\nwere alfo among the captures with-the dredge.\nTurning their courfe gradually fromrthe coaft of\nI Tartary, they now Strove to crofs the channel,\ntowards where geographers had ta*|^t 1&cm to\nexpect to find the lands of Jesso and Qfttf j\u00C2\u00ABs-\nso. Proceeding with thfe view, they &\u00C2\u00A3n dif-.\nj covered an ifland, apparently of great e\u00C2\u00BBte\u00C2\u00BBt\u00C2\u00A3\nwhich formed with Tartary an opening of 3\u00C2\u00AE\ndeg. fhey were then m ^4$ deg. -35 negn.ifc\n L A PE VROUSE^S VOFAQE\nLat. They next directed' their courfe to- the Si\nIL This eaftern ^Jand, very different in its aiV\npect from Tartary, exhibited to view nought but\nbarren rockSj^^h pits of fnow, and having an\napparent volcanic character. To theJoftieft of\ntheir fummits, M. dela Peyroufe gave the name\n\u00C2\u00A9f Peak Lamanon, in compliment to M. Lamanon, who, in the character of a mineralogist, ac^j\ncompanied the expedition. Fogs and obstinate\nfoutherly.winds, exceedingly incommoded our\nvoyagers, in the navigation of the channel*^ At\nnoon,on the i ith^ the weather cleared up ; and\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\na very extenfive, horizon immediately opened\naround them; On the evening ofthe 12th of\nJuly, the fouthern breezes dying away, .permit-;\nted them to approach the land. Some iflanders\n.were Seen running from the fhore, to hide themfelves in the woods. Without delay, one of the\ncommanders, with fome of the principal per-|\nfons from on board both frigates, went on Shore\nin the boats.|it On the Shore, they quickly came\nto two fmall. houfes which'/eQgxed to have been\nbut newly.abandonecbby their inhabitants ; for\nthe fires were not extinguished* thejjurniture remained, and there was a blind litter of puppies, .\nwhofe dam was heard to bark for them from the I\nwoods. The French navigators benignantly deposited feveral hatchets and other inftruments of\niron, with glafs beads, and various other articles,\nfor prefents ? to conciliate the good-will of the\npeoplerwhen they Should venture to return from I\nthe woods, The great net \u00C2\u00A9calcine was then *\nhaled, and at once were taken- more Salmons than ;\nwould have fu Sliced for the confumption of the\nShip's companies during a whole week. Our\nvoyagers.., wore, about, to return onboard their\n PfiHi\nROUND THE WORLD.\nlS$\nflaps, when feven of the natives were feen to-\n! knd from a canoe on the Shore, and to come up^\nwithout fear or wonder, into the very midft of\nthe Strangers. Among thefe feven, were two\n\u00C2\u00A9Id men with long white beards, clothed in a,\nStuff made of the bark of trees. Two wore\ndreffes of blue quilted nankeen. Others haa* on\nalong robe, fattened on the body with a girdle\n[and a few buttons. Their heads were bare, ex-\nleept that two or three wore a Simple band of\nbear's fkin. The face and the crown of the head,\n[were Shaven. The hair behind, was cut to the\n[length of ten or twelve inches. They wore\nboots of feal-fkin, fkilfully formed and fewed*,\nafter the Chinefe fafhion. Bows, pikes, arrows\ntipped with iron, were their arms. Their man-\ners were Strikingly dignified and Solemn. To\n[the eldeft, there was great reverence Shewn by,\nthe reft. A fort of mutual engagement to meetr\nInext dav on the Shore, paffed between them and,\nIM. de Langle.\nOn the following day, the French, with M\u00E2\u0080\u009E\nide la Peyroufe himfelf, at their head, repaired*\nagain on Shore. The following is the general\nrefult of all their obfervations upon the country\nand its inhabitants. They were foon met, in the\ncreek, by twenty-one of the natives. Prefents,\nefpepially of iron and Stuffs, .were offered and\nlaccepted by the Tartars, at the very opening ofa\nIthe interview. Thefe understood, as well as\nthe French, the value and the diversities of the\n[metals; prefering Silver to copper, copper to\niron, &c. Three or four of them had pendent\near-rings of filver, adorned with blue glafs-beads,\nIfimilar to thofe which had been difcovered in the\n1 tomb at the Baie de Ternai. Their other or~\n m\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\n- naments were of copper. They had pipes, and?*:\nSteels to ftrike fiie with, which feemed of Chinefe3\n\u00C2\u00A9rjapannefe manufacture.\" By figns, they informed the French, that theirbiue nankeen, their-\nbeads, and their Steels, were procured from the\nweftern country of the Mantchou Tartars. Observing the Frenchmen to hold in their hands\npaper with a pencil, to write upon it ; they'\ngueffed the intention, and,, with a benignant attention, endeavoured, of their own accord, af-\nfiduoufly to explain whatever objects they iup-\npcfed the Strangers might be the moft curious to\nEe informed about. They, feemed 'fufUcientljK\ndefirous to obtain hatchets and ftutTs. But they-\nmaintained, in all their interconrfes with therll\nFrench, a dignity and fanctity of manners, far||\nl'uperior to any indications of rapacious avidity,\nand to every, even the moft trivial act of theft.\n^ot a fingle falmon would they pick up, without*\npermission, from among thousands, the produce\nof the fifhing of the French, which lay fcattcred*-\non the beach. Underftanding, that the Strangers delked to obtain from them,defcriptions of\ntheir owiffcountry, and of Mantchou Tartary ;\nthey Sketched, on the ground, and even, withi^\nthe pencils of our navigators, upon paper, the:\nfigure of their own ifle, whim they named-\nTchoka ; adjacent to it, a ftreight ; beyond the\nStreight, thecontinental territory of the Mantchou Tartars. South from tlreir own ifle, they\nreprefented another to exift, beyond an intcrme}!\n\u00C2\u00A9Mate ftreight through/which the French Ships\nmight readily pafs. On the continent of Tartar\nry, they reprefented the river of Segalien, pouring its waters into the channel between Tartar^\nand Tchoka,. in a pofition fomewhat fouthwarS;\n ROUND .WJUL'jfiORL'D.\nCfli\nJrom the raoft^prthern.point of theoppoSite ifle\nof Tchoka. From indications which thefe people communicated, the French navigators inferred the moft northern extremity of the ifle of\nTchoka, to extend about \"Sixty-three leagues to\n.the northward of the ftation in which their Ships\nthen lay at anchor. By the fame fagacious and\n.Communicative favages, our voyagers we're informed, that, to procure the foreign commodities which they wore, thefe favages were wont\nto fail for a certain length up the river Segalien,\nandthereto meet the Tartars, by trafficking with\nwhom they obtained thefe articles of importation. All this information was, unavoidably, t\u00C2\u00A9\na gre-at degree^.uncertain. But, fuch as it was,\nit fufflciently merited the attention of M. dela\nPeyroufe and his \"companions. A loom was\nprocured from thefe people which She wed what\nprogrefs they had-made in the manufacture of\ncloth. It nearly refembltd thofe of -Europe.\nCloth of the bark ofthe willow-tree is woven in\nfuch looms, with alhuttle, by the inhabitants of\nTchoka. They examined, with a fagacious cp-\nrioiity, the texture of the Stuffs which, we re presented to them _by the French; and feemed to\noe considering, how far it refembled, or differed\nfrom, that of theirown manufacture/iThey do\nnot cultivate the ground ^ ye\u00C2\u00A3,faii not to avail\nthemfelves of its fpontaneous,produce^. Intheir\nhuts were found many roots of the yellow lily or\nfaranna of Kamtfchatka, which-they appeared fo\n\"have dried for their winter's provision \ as alfo\nthe roots of garlick and of angelica. Of their\nform of government, our voyagers, could discover, during their fhort ftay, only that they heat\ntheir old men with a refpett which feems tocoa*\nm\n LA :PEYROUSE'S VOYAGE\n3ferTUpon them all the authority of patriarchs.\nTheir ftature does not commonly exceed five feet\nfjveUnches : Their countenances prefent regular features, and an agreeable exorefllon : Their\nperfonal figure is itout and handfomely proportioned. They permitted the French to draw\ntheir pictures ; but, would not fuffer them to\n*meafure the dimensions of their bodies. Perhaps; they might look upon the propofal to mea-\nfure them as an attempt to make them the Subjects of fome magical operation. Their women,\nthey kept carefully hid from the fight of the\nftrangersK 1&ur Voyagers could purchafe from\n'them no mojfe than two marten-fkins. A few\nSkins of bears and'^eals were feen, fafhioned into\nclothes. Each of them wore on h'is thumb a\nlarge ring made of ivory, horn, or lead. Like\n'the Chinefe, they preferve* their naite on their\nfingers to a great length : Like them, they falute\nbyknCelmg and proftrating themfelves on thei\nground : They likewife fit on mats and eat witha\nfmall fticksi^ They may perhaps be a colony of\nChinefe origin, whofe ancestors have wandered\nhither, at Some very remote seraln ancient times.\nAmong them, the French voyagers^net with\n^wo Mantchou Tartars, who had come hither\nTor fome commercial puTpofe, about a fortnight\nor three weeks before. TheSe men readily con-\nrerfed with the Chinefe failors belonging to the\nFrench frigates. Their garments were of grey*\nnankeen, Kke thofe of thecO\u00C2\u00A9lies or ftreet^bor-.\nters of Macao. Their hats were of bark, and\npointed. They wore the Chinefe pentfec or tuft\nof hair. They reported their dwelling to be\neight days journey up the river Segalien. From\n^e^'reporu,a4-wellasfrdm other circumftan\n R#>fD Ti^^VVORlj&i\niff\n(fefe$iM. de la Peyroufe was led to infer the coaft\nof this part of Afia to be almoft entirely unin-\n-habited, from the limits of Corea in the 42 deg.\n\u00C2\u00ABN. Latitude, as far as to the river Segalien in the\n55 deg. or 54 N. fc&H$de. The Cabins or huts\n-of the inhabkantfr^f Te%\u00C2\u00A9ka, are of wood; Over\nthis, a covering of the bark of the birch-tree ;\nthen a covering of timber ; above all, a thatching\nof dry ftraw, fimilar to that on the cottages of\nourjpeafattts : The doorls in the gable-end, and\n-very low : The hearth is in the middle of the\nfloor, and has a correfpondent opening in the\nro\u00C2\u00A9f : Immediately around the hearth, are little\nbanks or floors of earth, rlfkig eight or ten inch-\nOS $tigh: The wl&le infide of the hut is fpfead\nI With mats : That cabin which fCrved as the\n!*m\u00C2\u00A9del of this deferi^tiOn, Stood amid a thicket of\n|*rofe-trees : Thefe Shrubs were in flower, and e\u00C2\u00B1-\n|dbaled the moft delicious odours : But, thefe\nwere more than overcome bjpthe Stench of the\nfiih-oil, and other putrid ft\u00C2\u00A3b Stances wtijfch \"filled\nplhehut, and poifoned the air, all around it. jtt\nl^feemed curious, that^a bottle e$ fweet-fcented\nwater, when prefented to one of the \u00C2\u00A9Id men,\neffected his fenfe of ^fmelfcig with a 'elifguft, at\nleaft as ftrong as that with which /the noifeme\nifmell of the fiSh-oil was perceived by the lien clt*\n[They had tobacco iti Urge leaves, and of very ex-\ncellent quality ; and they feemed to be eternal\nfmokers : but fnuffthey could not endure. Xrjfs\nhay was, in honor of M. de Langle, named the\n[Baie de Langle.\nOn the 14th of July, the fignal forfflling was\n[given; and they prepared to leave this bay.\nTill the roth, they were furrounded with perpetual fqgfs hat the morning of the ioth; they\nlilMf\n *58\nLA PEY R\u00C2\u00A9USE*S VOYAGE\nfaw, athwart the mjiSts, the land of Tchoka,\nfrom N* E. by N. as far as E. S. E. Having continued to run along, till two o'clock in the afternoon, they then dropped anchor in water 2\u00C2\u00A9\nfathoms deep, over a gravelly bottom, at the\ndiftance of two miles from the Shore, and weft-\nward from a fine bay. The fog afterwards dif-\nperfed ; and they were enabled to determine\nthe bearings of the place where they had eaft\nanchor. It is fituated in 48 deg. 59 min. N.\nLat. in 140 deg. 32 min. E. Long, They named the bay, Baie d'Eftaing.|LTheir boats went\n.afhore, at 4 o'clock in the afternoon. About\nan hundred paces from the fea-fhore, were found\nten or twelve huts, conftructed ofthe fame materials as the huts in the Baie de Langle ; but\nlarger, and divided each hit\u00C2\u00A9 two apartments, of\nwhich the inner contained the furniture, and\nfeemed to be the ordinary abode of the family,\nwhile the other was entirely empty, and feemed\nto be appropriated for the reception of Strangers.\nTwo of the women were accidentally met by\nthe French officers j and were terribly alarmed\nat the rencounter. Sketches of their figure and\ncountenance were, however, drawn by M. Blon-\ndela. Their eyes were fmall ; their lips large ;\nthe upper lip painted blue, or tattooed ; the legs\nnaked ; the body covered with a long linen Shift;\ntheir hair lank and uncurled ; and the upper\npart of the head not Shaved, as on the men.\nThe iflanders, at the firft landing of the gentlemen from the French boats, were affembled\nround our canoes, which were laden with fifties\ndried in the fmoke. . The crews of the canoes\nwere, as the Frenchmen learned, Mantchou Tartars, who had come hither from the banks ofthe\n ROUND THE WORLD.\nm\nriver Segalien, for the purpofe of purchalmg in\ntrade, the dried fifties. Thofe geographical de\u00C2\u00AB^\nfails which our voyagers had obtained at the\nBaie de Langle, were by thefe people, confirmed. A fort of circus, furrounded with a palli-\nfade of rude ftakes, was obferved in \u00C2\u00A9ne part of\nthe territory adjacent to the huts* On the top\nof each flake was the fkeleton of a bear's head j\nand the bones of bears were fcattered around the\nfcene. The circus and the trophies erected on\nits pallifade, might probably be intended to per-'\npetuate the memory of atchievements accom-*-\nplifhed by thefe people in hunting the bear* with\nwhieti, fince they watffe fire-arms, they muft, of\nneceflky, contend in clofe fight. Salmons were\nfound to be the moft common prey of thefe people in their fifhingva They dry the fifh for fale\nto the Mantchou Tartars ; but take out and\nthrow away the head, the tail, and the back-\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 Ibne. After loading the Tartars with prefetrtsir\nthe Frencfimen, at eight o'clock in the evening,\nreturned on board their Shif>s. Next day, the\n20th, the frigates renewed their voyaged They\nfailed along the coaft, at a league's diftance from'\nthe land. A thick fog furrounding them about\nSeven o'clock in the evening ; they were indu*\nced to eaft anchor in water 37 fathoms deep,\nover a bottom of mud and fmall flat ftones. The\nacoaft was here more mountain\u00C2\u00A9 us -^Neither fire\nnor hut were to be feen ; ten cod-fifties were\ncaught, the firft our voyagers had found, fince\nthey left the coaft of Tartary. M. de la Peyroufe concluded from this; lait incident, that\nthey were now not far diftant from the Tartarian coaft ; and he hopedv that, keeping clofe to\nthe coaft of Tchoka, he Should foon be able tf>\nO.NMH\n i6o\nLA. PEYRQ^SEfs V^YAOS\nreach that Streight, the e^enee of which be&\nhad confidentially inferred from the ugfafififlftion\nof the iftanders. The frigates, tberefore, failed\n\u00C2\u00A9n, never at a greater diftance than two leagues\nfrom the ifland. As foon as the fogs cleared up,.,\nour navigators had a perfect view of the channel. In the latitude of 5\u00C2\u00A9 deg. it grew narrower, #1 it was at laft contracted to the fmall ex-\npanfe of thirty leagues. In the evening of the\n22d, they eaft anchor in 37 faihoms water, with\na muddy bottom, at about a league's diftance-\nfrom land, this anchorage was oppofite to the\nmouth of a fmall river, three le^fees north from?\nwhich, appeared a very remarkable peak, which\nhad its bafe on the fea-fhore, and, on wliatever-\niide it might be feen, prefented ftill the moft?\nperfect regurariry of form at its fummit. Its?\nSides were richly covered with trees and verdure.\nIn compliment t\u00C2\u00A9 the botanift of the voyage, M.\n\u00C2\u00ABle kt Peyroufe named it Peak la Martiniere. Ifr\nWas thought proper/here, to fend boats aShorey\nfor the purpofe ofafcertairitng whether this part-\nof the coaft were inhabited. M. de Clonard\nwent with four armed Ships. To the furprize*\nof thofe who had remained behind in the\u00C2\u00ABfhips\u00C2\u00BB\nhe returned in the evening with all the boats filled with fahnons. He had landed at the mouth of\n3 rivulet, not exceeding four fathoms in breadth,\nnor afoot in depth. Its bed was fo entirely covered with falmons, that the failors* with their\nSticks killed in an hour more than 120\u00C2\u00A9 of them~\nOnly two or three deferted huts were to be feenJ\n4\nThree trees were of larger dimenfions than in\nthe more fouthern bays : Celery and creffes grew\nin abtmdance on the banks of the rivulet : Juniper-berries grew around, in immenfe profu-\u00C2\u00BB\n !\u00C2\u00ABif!\nROUfcTD THE WORLD\n**\ni6x\nfitm. The French botanift made here an ample\ncollection of rare plants. Cryftallized fpars,^\nand other curious Stones* but no metallic ores,.,\nwere brought away by the mineralogists. Fjirs^v\nwillows, oaks, maples, birches, and medlar-\ntrees, fill the forefts. Goofeberries, Strawberries, and rafpberries, were likewife amazingly\nplentiful. Cod-flfhes were, at the fame time,\ntaken in great numbers, by thofe who had remained on board'the Ships. To the rivulet\nwhich had afforded fuch plenty of falmons, M.\nde la Peyroufe gave the name of Salmon Brook*\nRenewing their voyage, they failed along, as*\nbefore, at a fmall diftance from the Shore of the\nifle. On the 23d, they were in 5\u00C2\u00A9 deg. 54 min.\nN. Lat. and nearly in the longitude in which,,\nfrom the Baie de Langle, they had, without va-\nriation^failed. A few huts appearing here and\nthere, upon the Shore, indicated this part of the\nifle to be-not destitute of inhabitants. A bay,\nwhichwasbbfervedinthe laft mentioned latitude,\nreceived from our navigators the nameof Baiede\nla Jonquiere, but did not appear to be fo important that* they Should particularly, explore ifc?>\nThey were now extremely impatient to afcertain,,\nwhether or not the-pretended Streight of Teffoy,\nwas merely the Streight dividing the ifland of\nTchoka from the continental territory of the\nMantchou Tartars. The foundings began, as\nthey advanced, to be almoft equally Shallow, at-\nfome confiderable diftance from the coaft of\nTchoka, as when thev frigates were very near to\nthat ifle. On the 24th, in the cpurfe of three \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nhours progrefs, the depth of the water was found\nto decreafe from 24 to 18 falhoms. The attempt to obtain a greater depth* by Steering.\nOx\n l6*2\nLA PEYROUSE'S VOYAGE\n^weftward towards the middle of the channel,. I\nproved fruitlefs. M. de la Peyroufe, upon this,\ndetermined to traverfe the whole channel twice,\nircm eaft to weft, and from weft to eaft, in order to difcover whether there were not deeper*\nwater to be found in the progrefs northward ;\nand whether there were not a particular channel fitniiar to that of a river for a Streight. In\nthe evening of the 26th, they came to anchor*\non the coaft of Tartary. Next day they failed\nN. N. E. towards the middle of the channel 51\nhad both coafts invieWat once ; and found the\ndepth to decreafe, in the progrefs northward, at\nthe rate of three fathoms a league. M. de lafe\nPeyroufe was anxious to explore the Streight\nftill rofcch more thoroughly. Bu* the fouthern\nwinds prevailed in ttfis channel with fuch a fettled' monfoon-l&e fteadinefs, and with fuch an\nagitating force upon the feas, that any attempt\nto advance much farther in this- eosrSe to the\nnorthward, appeared likely to fofeject the\nfrigates to extreme danger of vefy embarraf-\nBtig de&y, er even of Shipwreck. The weather^\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 too, began tdUbecome Stormy, and the billows of\nthe fea to roll more tempeftuoufly, than they\nhad hitherto done, in this channel. The Ships\ncould not kirjthefe circumitances, haitily proceed\nfarther. But Mefirs. Boutin and de Vaujuas,\nofficers equally diftinguifhed for difcernment\nand prudence, v/ere fent out in the boats, to ex-<\nplore the channel, and to make the requisite^\nfoundings, to the northward; M. Vauinasj\nwho fet off at 7 o'clock, was abfenttill midnight.\nHe failed a league north wardj beyond which the\nState of the fea and the weather would not per-^\nmit hint to proceed. At his fartHeftdiftance\n ROUND THE WORLD.\nfrom the fBgates, his foundings indicated only\nfix fathoms depth of water. M. Bon&i had returned before him, without making any difcove-\nry. Immediately after the return of M. de\nVaujuas, it was found neceffary for the frigates\nto revert their courfe. At day-break, they weighed anchor with much difficult toil, and with a\nbreaking of the capfiane, by which three of the\nfeamen were feverely wounded. The violence\nof the winds and the fury of the waves, rendered their progrefs, for a fliort time, both laborious\nand dangerous. Some flight variations of the*\nwinds from S. to S. W. and to S. S. E. foon\ntook place, however, in a manner favourable to\nthem ; and, in 24 hours they made five leagues.\nIn the evening of the 28th, they found themfelves at the openir%ef a bay on the coaft of\ntartary. Want of wood and water fuggefted\nthe propriety of here halting and going on Shore\nfor fupplies. At five o'clock, they eaft anchor\nat the N. point of this bay, in water eleven fathoms deep, with a muddy: bottorm Boats were\nfoon fent out: a Tartar village was defcried ;\ncaScades of limpid water were- perceived ; and\nfour wooded iflets were obferved to Shelter a\nroad, where the frigates might ride at anchor, in\nperfect fecurity. At eight o'clock, on the next\nmorning, thetrigates were conducted to the bottom of the bay ; andSwere brought to reft at anchor in water fix ,fathoms deep; with a muddy\nbottom.\n 1.6-4\nLA PEYROU&E S VOYA@E\nCKASP. IX.\nNarrative ofthe voyage continued, from the 2$th\nof July to the 6th of September, 1787. Tranfactions and Difcoveries in the Baie de Cafiries.-\nDifcovery of a Streight dividing Jeffofrem Oku-\nJeffo. Vocabulary of the Language of Tchoka,\nnamed by the Ruffians, Segalien. Courfe to\nKamifchatka, is'c.\nO fooner were the frigates moored, thart-\nboth the French commanders prepared to go on\nfhore. They appointed the long-boat to take in\nwater; the barge, to bring the wood which was-\nwanted, from the fhore; the fmall boats to be|\nat.the command of Meffrs. Blondela, Bellegarde,\nMouton, Bernizet, and Prevoit junior, while\nthey Should make a furvey of the bay ; the\nTcawls* which drew little water to be ufed irr\nfifhing,faimons in a fmall river abounding witha\nthem ;.the pinnaces^ to be ready for carrying\nthemfelves and the fcientific gentlemen a-Shore,\nto fuperintend the different works, and to ex*\nplore thei&sxritory contiguous to the coaft.- The\naftronomieal apparatus was, without delay, fet\nup, on an iflet which they named Ifle de L'Ob-\nfervatoire ; and Meflrs. Dagelet, Laurifton, and\nDarbaud,. immediately applied themfelves to\nmake the^jequifite obfervations for the correc-v\ntion o|^ trsrir time-keepers, and for afcertaining\nthe different bearings. Thefe obfervations foon\nShewed the prefent anchorage of the frigates to\nhe fituate in 51 deg. 26 min. N* Lat. in 139\ndeg. 41 min. E. Long. The time of high-water^\nztfull and cMnge, was at ten o'clock : the great*\neft rife of the tide, at thefe periods, was for five\n 4m\nROUND THE WOR^jp \Sj\nfeet eight inches above the ordinary level of the\nfea : the current run at the rate of aifieait half\na.knot an hour. The bottom of the bay is muddy. Approaching the Shore, the depth of the*\nwater is gradually diminished from twelve to five\nfathoms. To three cables-length from the fhore,\nthe coaft is furrounded by a flat, which makes it-\ndifficult to land, even in a boat, when the tide'\nI is low. Extenfive beds of fea-weeds, too4\namong which the water is but two or three feefe\n[deep, oppofe another troublefome obstacle to\n[thofe who attempt to land from boats. But this*\n[hay affords certain Shelter from the Storms o\u00C2\u00A3\nwinter \u00E2\u0080\u00A2, and the Frenchnavigators thought it to\nIbe, of ail that they had vifited on the 'Faftarian\ncoaft, the only one that was truly worthy tto,\nI name of Bay. They named it Baie de Ca\u00C2\u00A3\u00C2\u00A3&\nI TRIES. * PPti$\nOur voyagers had no fooner landed, than inker views took place between them and the uifede\n(natives \u00C2\u00A9f the adjacent country. The chief or\npatriarch of the horde, with fome others of the*\n[inhabitants, received M. de la Peyroufe upon\nthe beach. That venerable ravage falutcd the\nStrangers by proitration, according to the Chinefe ceremonial; and then conducted them to\nifeehts wife, his children, his daughters-in-law,\nand grand-daughters, in his hut. The French-\n[men were there invited to fit down on a mat;\nwhich was refpedtfully fpread fer t&fem ; and t\u00C2\u00A9a\n[partake of a diili of grain with felmon, whtch\n[was made ready for their entertainment. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2f\u00C2\u00A3hefe\ngood people made their vifitors to underftan^,\nFhat they were themfelves of the nation of the\nOrotchys ; and that fome Stranger Tartars, who\nbad recently arwed in four canot?, ^ere of theV\n 166\nLA PEYROUSE's VOYAGE\nBitcmys ; a tribe inhabiting at fome not very I\nconsiderable diftance Ifcuthward.\nThe Orotchys inhabited a village, confifting\nof four cabins or huts, of a Structure confidera-|\nbly folid and durable. Trunks of fir-trees, laid\nat full length, and neatly cut at the angles,\nformed the walls: A frame^ of not unfkilful\nworkmanShip fupported the roof: 'Bhe roof was\ncovered with the bark octrees. Within, there\nwas, in the middle of the dwelling, the hearth\nwith the fire, and correfponding to them, in the\nroof, a hole for the emifBon cf the frnoke :\nAround the walls were wooden benches : There |\nwas no commendable degree of cleaniinefs to be\nremarked here, any more than in the cabins on?\nthe ifland of Tchoka.^ The four cabins were inhabited by as many different families, which appeared to live together in great harmony, and\nwith the moft perfect, mutual confidence. Every hut was Surrounded with a Stage for the drying of falrnQns..\u00C2\u00A7rThefe are firft cleaned ; thenr\nfor three or four days, fmcked round the fire ;,\nafter this, put on the poles of the Stage, in the\n\u00C2\u00A9pen air, and left to dry to the hardneis of wood,\nin the heat of the fun. With fuch exalted, moral fhnctity, do thefe good people refpect the\ndiftinctions of property, that the French navigators foon expofed their goods, unguarded, on\nthe fhore, in the midft of the Tartarhuts, without the fmalleft fear of theft, and without a tingle instance of even the moft trivial lofs. The\nOrotchys purfued the fiftiery in the river, at the-\nfame Une with the French Strangers. It was*\nwith extreme difguft the Frenchmen beheld\nthem eat, with the greatest avidity, in a raw Slate,\nthe fuout, the gills, and the fmall bones* and\n ROUND THE WORLD.\nthe fkin of the falmons, as they caugh#them.\nOf thefe parts, the falmons are*\u00C2\u00ABfually thus cleared\nby the fiihers, in the catching. What of the\nfkin in particular, remains when fifties are\nbrought to the houfe\u00C2\u00A7> is very eagerly fou^pIV\nout, ^nd devoured raw, by the women. Thofe\nrings which the inhabitants of Tchoka were ob-\nferved to wear on the thumb, are intended for\nthe protection of the thumb while the falmons\nare Stripped with a Sharp knife, the edge of which\noften Strikes again ft the ring. Betide the huts\nwhich flood at the very landing-place where the\nFrench navigators came afhore, they faw on\nthe oppofite fide of the bay, another village\nconfifting of eight huts, Situate at the edge of a\nwood. At a fmall diftance above this laft village, were perceived three Yourts or fubterra-\nneous houfes, having an exact Similarity to thofe\nof Kamtfchatka, which are defcribed by Cook*\nContiguous to the village, were obferved feveral\ntombs of a Structure fuperior to that of the houfes. Bows, arrows, fifhing-lines, and in general whatever is moft precious among the poffef-\nfions of thefe people, appear to be deposited\nwith the dead bodies in the tombs. Within\neach monument, were three or four biers of not\ninelegant workmanfhip, ornamented with brocades, and other Chinefe Stuffs. Although tb\u00C2\u00BB\u00C2\u00A7\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2village feemed to be but a temporary winter\nabode ; yet the houfes were filled with the dref-\nfes and implements of the people ; fkins, Show-\nihoes> bows, arrows, pikes, &c. Tnefe generous-minded favages, without alar\u00C2\u00AE, faw front\nthe ctypofite fide of the gulph, the French\nenter their dwellings, and even defcend in-\njto their tomb$\u00C2\u00A3i The French, .knowing and\n *iM\nLA^PEYROUSE's VOYAGE\nreverencing\nhis noble-minded confidence of\ntheir holts, fcrup&ioafly. withheld their hands\nfrom injuring or carrying off the fmalleft of thofe\narticles which they were thus unmiftru ft fully\npermit^d to examine. Thefe people are alSe\n$U\u00C2\u00A9nt to 4ml 1 up and dry for ufe, as winter food, I\nthe roots ofthe^ranna, and fome other plants.\nThe bodies of the poorer dead are expofed on\n4$\u00C2\u00A3rs in the \u00C2\u00A9pen air, on a ftage of fome elevation, with their dreffes and implements of hunt,\nJgg and fifliing, hung around them. There appeared no reafon for thinking that thefe hordes\nowned,-an v other \u00C2\u00A3&m of government thafiithe\n'\u00E2\u0080\u00A2Amply, natural and patriarchal. They are a fee*\n\u00C2\u00A9le race ; and their features are remarkably different from all thofe forms to which we are\nwont to attach the idea of beauty. The middle ftature among them, rifes not to four feet ten\ninches. Their bodies are lank ; their voices*\nthin and faint, as thofe of children ; their cheek*\nbones, high; their eyes, fmall, bleared, and\nStanding diagonally in the fockets* They have\nthe mouth, large ; the nofe, flat; the chin,\nShort, and almoft beardlefs ; their fkin, of an\n\u00C2\u00A9live colour, and fufficientiy varniShed with\nfmoke and oil. Both men and women - fiifier\nthe hak to grow to a great -length : The men\nJnnding it up, as is common among us^i the wo*_\nmen wearing theirs loofe upon the Shoulders*\nThe labours of the women are confined to the\ncutj^ag and fewingof cloths for themfelves and\nthe men, the management of their children, ^k\ncuring of fifties for winter ftore^gl The children\nare, to the age.4\u00C2\u00A3|drree or four years, fuclfled at\nthe breaft. The Women appeared to enjoy confiderable influence \u00C2\u00A9rex all the tranfactions of\n ROUND THE SVOIllfcj ltj|f'\n.&e men. No>j;barg&inS would the latter conclude ^iththeir French vfrfitants, without having\nfirft obtained 'the eonfent of their\u00C2\u00BBwives. The\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2^Copper trinkets, and the pendent filver earrings, are, properly, the ornaments of the wives\nand daughters. A waiftcoat of nankeen, or of\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0dog^fhife, or fifh-^kin, cut into the fhape of a\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2waggoner's frock^fe the common drefs of the\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2men and boys. WheiP5this garment reaches\n-below the knees, no drawers are worn with it.\nIf the Waiftcoat be Shorter, drawers, in the.Chi-\nnefeiafhion, and reaching fo low as to the calf\nof the leg, are in this cafe, worn. In winter,\nKthey wear, all, feaLfkin boots. At aH times,\nkand of whatever age, they wear a leathern girdle, from which are fufpended\u00E2\u0080\u0094a fmall bag\nwith tobacco, a Steel to Strike fire, and a knife\n4h a fhesth. The women, difiering fomewhafe\nin drefs from the men, wrap tl&i&felves in %\nlarge nankeen roke,: or -in a robe of falmon's\n\"&tn, tanned wlrh a ffelll that makes It very fit\nfor this ufe. *0he falmons, of which4* the fkins\nare thus tanned, are taken only in winter, and\nweigh from thirty t\u00C2\u00A9 forty pounds. The robe\nreaches to the anftle-bo#e, and inhere bordereft\nwith a fringe of fmall copper ornameri|\u00C2\u00BBi|?b'Of\nthe religieh \u00C2\u00A9f this people, no monumentsrior\n[indications could be difcovered by the*f!r-ench\ninavigarorsyfeScept fome rudely carved figures Of\n(children, arms, hands, legs, which were fuf-\nfeendedfrom the roofs of 4he huts, and greatly\nrefembled the votive offerings at the Roman\nI Cathode chapels. They feemed to look upon\n[their French visitants as forcerers ; fo th#rFthey\nJmufthave fome notions tJf a malignant, Shperna-\n|turaloower,wh\u00C2\u00AB^rtoy be ctonwi^eated a&4\nily\n 170\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nfi\nexercifed for the purpofe^injurhig mankind\nJnftead of grafping greedily at the prefents ^\nwhich were offered t\u00C2\u00A9 them, they rather Show-\ncd a delicate and high-fpirited reluctance to a<^-;\ncept fuch prefents. They feemed t\u00C2\u00A9 expect\nthem to be offered with a refpectfel politenefs,\nfueh as might not humble and wound the fph>\nits of the receivers. Gifts offered to their children, gave infinitely greater delight to the parr\nents, than fuch as were prefented to themfelves. I\n3M. de la Peyroufe, carefting two little children\nin oneof the huts, gave them, in the prefence of ;\ntheir parents, a piece of rofe-coloured nankeen^\nThe father immediately going out, returned with!\nhis moft beautiful dog, and intreated the Frenchjj\ncommander to accept him: When M. de la\nPeyroufe refufed the prefent j the father made\nhis children, who had received the nankeen, to\nput their hands upon the dog, and to beg their\nbenefactor to take hirm$|aTh.is little traufaction\nindicates a tendernefs and generofity \u00C2\u00A9f lenti-*\ninent, fuch as could not eafily be excelled by\nthe virtues of a civilized people, Their dogs,\nthe wolf dog, are of middle fize, very Strong,**\nvery gentle and docile, anch apt to be yoked,\nlike thofe of Kamtfchatka, in fmall, light fledges.'\nFrom the Stranger BrrcHYS whom the French\nnavigators here found trading with the Orot-i\nchys, information was obtsjned, that the ftreight\nbetween the Tartarian continent and the ifland\nof Tchoka, becomes, at length, in a fituation\n^considerably northward from that whenoethe\nFrench frigates had reverted their courfe, a dry\nfandy bank, abfolutely without water. After^ius,^\nM. de la Peyroufe abandoned every defign with\na$djp\u00C2\u00A9i3 to this gulphj fave .that of exploring the\n ROUND THE WORLD^\n1-7*\nSouthern limits of the ifland of Tchoka. The;\nnaturalifts, in the mean time, were afliduous in\nthe ftudy of the mineralogy of the coafts and the,\n' iflets of the Baie de Caftries. The iflets- are\ncompofed of trapp, grey bafaltes, and red lava,\\nboth compact and porous. No volcanic cra-\n| teres were, however, difcovered ; and the erup-\ni tions were, therefore, inferred to have been very\n[ancient. Several cryftalizations were found\n\ among the volcanic matters. No new fpecies\nI were here found by the botanlfts. The Strawberries and rafp-berries were ftill in flower : the\ni goofberries were beginning to turn red : Celery\ni and craft es were not plentiful* Foliated oyfter3\nI \u00C2\u00A9fa black and vinous colour; beautiful whelks ;\npedtines ; fmall common muscles; with different varieties of the Kima-cockJe, were found by\n(the conchologifts. Water-hens, wild-ducks,\ncormorants, guillemots, black and white wagtails, a fmall undefcribed fly-catcher of an azure-\nblue colour, were among the fowls Shot by the\nhunters. The individuals of all thefe fpecies*\niwere, however, but rare. They appeared not\nin flocks, but Solitary'mournful, and drooping,\nThe martin and fand-martin were the onlyfpe-\nleies of birds which appeared to be here in their\nproper element, and natural refidence. It is\nprobable, that, to a certain depth, the earth remains here frozen, even during furnmer. The\nitemperature otfthe Streams never exceeded 4.\ndeg. of Reaumur's thermometer. In the open\nair, the murcury ftood at 15 deg. Thefe peo-\n; pie are utterly Strangers to the practice of agriculture. Yet, they are fond of vegetable tub-\nI fiances, and collect the wild bulbous roots for\ntjieir winter's provisions. In genius, art, and\n ?72\n'$& PEYROUSE S VOVA&E\niiduftry, as in rigour \u00C2\u00A9f bodily constitution,\nthey are greatly inferior to the inhabitants of\nTchoka.\nOn the 2d day of Auguft,- the French frigates\nfailed with a fair weftern wind, from the bottom of the Bay de Caftries. This was foon a\u00C2\u00A3*f\nter changed for fouthern winds. They wiShed\ntorun along the coaft ofthe continent, till they\nShould come within fight of Peak Lamanon.\nThe weather, hitherto favourable, became, on\nthe 6th,.exceeding!y inclement. The tempeftu-\nnus roHing of the billows, together with adverfe\nbreezes from the fouth, obliged them to fjailwith;\nall their fails expanded, and with extreme cau*\ntion, left they Should be carried backwards, or\nminted into fudden danger. The barometer\nfell as low as to twenty-feven inches five linesw\nA thoufand cireumftances confpiring, rendered^\ntheir progrefs extremely dangerous and alarming. Northerly winds, however, came at laft tc*\ntheir relief. In the evening: of the oth, the fri-\ngates had, by the afliftance of thefe winds, reached\nthe latitude of the Baie de Langle. A band, afr\nfording very regular foundings, was found tq\nextend oppofite to this bay, for ten leagues, from\nnorth to fouth, and, at the fame time, to run\nout, for about eight leagues weftward. Pre*;\nceeding along the coaft, at two: leagues of diijf\ntance from it, they faw, to the fouthweft, afmsiP\nlow-lying ifle, between which and Tchoka was?\nformed a channel about fix leagues wide, This\nifle received the name of Isle Monneron, in\nhonour of M. de Mbnneron, who was engineer\nfor this expedition. A peak, at leaft ten or\ntwelve hundred toifes in height, was Shortly after obferved; and it received from our voyagers,\n JHH\nJtOUND THE WORLD.\n*7\u00C2\u00A3\nthe name of Peak, de Langle. Its portion is-\nin 45 deg. 15 min. N. Lat. The fouthern point\nof the Ifland of Tchoka or Segalien, was next\ndifcovered : it was found to lie in 45 deg. 57\nmin. N. Lat. in 140 deg. 34 min. E. Long, in\nlength from north to fouth. - The ifle of Tchoka,\nwhich thus terminates, is one of the greatest in:\nthe world. It is this fame ifle which has been\notherwife known by the name of Oku Jesso*\nChicha, divided from Tchoka by a channel\nwhich is but twelve leagues in breadth, is the\n^esso of the Japanefe ; and its extenfion fouth-\nward, is bounded only by the Streight of San-\nGAR. The Kurile Isles lie farther eaftward;\nand between thefe ifles, on the one fide, and the\ntwo Jeffos, or Chrcha and Tchbka,on theother,is\ncomprehended that which has been denominated\nthe Sea. of Jefib,,,and communicates with the\n;,Sea of Ochotsk. At Cape Crillon, the inhabitants of the ifland of Tchoka, for the firft\ntime, ventured to vifit the French navigators 011\nboard-their Ships. At their firft coming on\nboard, they betrayed fome fears; which, however, were almoft immediately changed for extreme confidence^ They acted with the fame\nfreedom,, as if among their belt .friends : fate\ndown in a cirde on the quarter-deck, and gayly\nfrhoaked their pipes^J This confidence of theirs\nwas, by the French, encouraged and rewarded\nwith prefents of iron inftruments, beads, Silks,\ntobacco, and nankeen,^ Tobacco and brandy\nwere foon perceived to be the articles which they\nprized the moft. v !The figures of thefe iflanders\nare Stout and well-proportioned; 'the features\nare regular; their beard reaches to the breaft ;\ntheir arms, neck, and back, are covered with\nP2\nm\n r/4\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nhair. Their middle Stature feemed to be about'\nalj inch lower than that of the French. Their\nikiri is tawny as that of the nations on the coaft\ncS^Barbary^l'Their manners were grave and\ndignified. But they Shewed much more \u00C2\u00A9f avarice, and lefs of gratitude, than the Orotchys\nof the Baie de Cafiries. Their drefles are a^tffe.*\nvvorkroanfhip of &eir own hands. Their huts\nand furniture difplay no inconsiderable neatnefs\nand elegance. They extract'Se oil of^he whale,\nB^ cutting the carcafe into fmall pieces, expo\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nfhig thefe pieces to putrify on a jflepe before the\nfun, and receiving the oil, as it runs from their\nputrefaction, into ve'flefs of bark or feal fkiiiJ^\nconvenientlyt|placed. It is only on\" the eaftern\nSide of the ifland of Tchoka, that the whales\nappear. Though their modes of life fefefo near-\n]y Similar to thofe of the Tartars on the continent, it is not impoffible but they may be a race\nof people defcended from fome very different\n\u00C2\u00A9rigin. They appeared to poffMsVa considerable\ngeographical knowledge of this ifle, arid the oppofite cofl|ment: And their information confirmed thofe conclusions wpich our voyagers hafrfc\nbefore been lex! to make. Concerting Cape Cril-\nlen,however, our voyagers might have been le$\ninto a fatal error, if they had too haftiry believed.\nw$mt they Understood to be the communication\nof their infular friends. The canoe being to\ntbefe people their only mean of riieafurement \\nand comparifon ; they are apt to regard aoove,\ntijataffords reception for but three or four ca-\ns?bes, as a vaft harbour, and to repfe'fent a fathom\nof water, as a depth almoft immeasurable. M.\nde Vaujeas, who had gone to verify the commu-\nnicaTiori ofthe favages .concerning Cape Crillon,\n RO UN D T H$ W 0&\u00C2\u00A31>.\nretwied be&re night, with a large oufasntity of\nSalmons, and fome-ar tides which he hadareceiv-\nled from the natives, in barter. He had foUndi\n[the h\u00C2\u00A9ufes furnifhed with a comparative fumptu-f\noufnefs, and ornamented within, with large varnished veffels of Japan. The contiguity of\nChicha enabled thefe people to obtain articles\nof Japanefe manufacture in exchange for their\nwhale oil, much more readily than can thein\nmore northern neighbours. At the approach-\nof evening, the iflandere left the Ships, with av\nipromife to re-vifit them next morning. They?\nreturned with fome falmons, a fabre, and a linen*\nidrefs, in exchange for-which, they obtained*\nknives and hatchets. They would gladly have\nperfuaded our voyagers to double Cape Crillon,,\nand enter the gulph of ANiVAV-or rather a bafir\nin it, to which they gave the name of Tabouo*\nKo.\nA light breeze from the north-eaft, enabled!\nbur voyagers againjj to fail. Doubling Caper\nCrillon, they perceived from the maft-head, a\nrock, or iflet, about four leagues S. E. from the\nroeky point of the cape; and distinguished itfc\nby.the name of La Dangerelusb. It is levell\nwith the furftce of the water, and may proba^-\nBkbe covered when the tide is at its height.\nWheyfieeredto the-leeward of this rock, andfe\nwent round it, at a league's diftance. #They&;\nHad,.at this diftance,-regular foundings invtwen-\nty three-fathoms- depfh of waters Thei*.progrefs now croffed-the^ftroight between^\u00C2\u00AEika and*\ni|m\u00C2\u00A9ka, which has very properly:* been named\nLa Peyrousb^^Strelqhi^ They^eundCAPE\nAn iv a to be very correctly-placed in the maps-\nof the*'Dutch navigators- wh\ndefcried Mareckan Ifle, the moft fouthem of\nthe Kuriles.. FromN. E> to S. W. its length is\nabout ten leagues. A high jutting rock terminates each of its extremities : In its middle rifes\napeak, that at a diftance, feems to contain the-\n R*)UND TJTE WQfcM><\nmt\norifice of a volcano. The northerly winds pi%\u00C2\u00BBi\nvailing, determined our navigators to fail out hfi\nthe channel which lies\" fouth ward from Marec-\n|kan. During the night they crowdedfaif^in order to reach the entrance ofthe channel .flijllft\nday-break, they defcried the fouthweft point of\nJMareckan, diftant at about two leagues to t\m\n[foufch-eaft. To this point was given the name\n[of Cape Rollinv in honour of M. Rollin, the\nfurgeon of the expedition. They were left, for\nfome Short time, in a dead calm. But* the current fortunately drove them towards the middle\nof the channel; and they advanced, in this way>-\nabout four leagues eaftward. The breadth of\nthe channel, they certainly found to be about\n[fifteen leagues. The winds at laft fettled #&\nE. N. E. and they entered the channel by cleats\nmoon light. It was named by them Canal de.\nla Boussole ; and they thought it to be thei\nfineft that was to be found among the Kurile\nIfles. At midnight, the fky was again obfeiired\not clouds ; and-the next morning was veiled in.\nkhick fogs. At fix in the evening, wfiile thei\nfogs Still continued, they tacked towards the\n[land. The fogs were Still thick. Jjfcwards\n[midnight, the Shifting of the wind to the W. enabled the French frigates to Stand to the eaft-\n[ward, wfiile they waited for the retur^of morn-;\nling. The fun was twice vifible dlging; the\nmorning^The fogs then returned wiffe;equal\nkhicknefs as in the preceding day. M. de la\nPeyroufe, in consideration that the feafon was\nfar advanced, was now at laft induced to abandon the defign of exploring the northern Kur-\nI ifles, and to bend his courfe towards Kfcmt-\nffiihatka. lUtbetifoxeflood.\u00C2\u00A3. N. E. Till the\n 178\nLA PEJY#BUSE*i5 VOYAGE\"\n5th of September, the fojjjs ftill obfcured their\nhorizon.\nDuring this progrefs, they had time to compare and examine in a more particular manner,\ntheir refpective obfervations concerning the natural hiftory \u00C2\u00A9f the new lands which they had\nVisited, and the ftate of focietv in thern^ The\nfeas of Tartary which they explored, though the\nlimits of the oideft inhabited continent, had\nbeen utterly unknown to Europeans. The Je-\nfuits could nevCr communicate any decisive information concerning the eaftern part of the\nChinefe empire. Such of them as travelled into\nTartary, were never permitted to approach the\nfea-fhore. The emperor always prohibited every perfon from failing to the northward of his\ndominions: And it was fuppofed that this\nnorthern region of Afia concealed riches, which\nits lords were anxious to hide from the avarice of\nftrangers. From the obfervations of the French\nnavigators, it has appeared, that the northern\ncoaft of Eaft Tartary is as thinly inhabited a&-\n^hat \u00C2\u00A9f North America. Its mountains and the\n*#gr of Segalien have cut it off, except at the\nfea-coaft, from being explored by the Chinefe\nor the Japanefe. Its inhabitants are peculiarly diftinguifhed, alike from the Mantchou Tartars, an\u00C2\u00A3 from the iflanders of Jeffo, Oku-Jeff\u00C2\u00A9,\nand the Kuriles. The river of Segalien is the\ngeneral receptacle of its waters. The whole-\nnumber of the people inhabiting in the tract\nfrom the 42 deg. of North latitude, as far as to'\nthe Baie de Cafiries, would certainly be over-rated at three millions. The river of Segalien\nnot far removed beyond this bay, is the only\nchannel of paffage to the interior commerce of\n -ROUND THE WORL&.\nM9\ntheipountry^ The inhabitants of Jeffo and Oku-\nJeffo, are all well acquainted with the existence\nof the river of Segalien. The adventures of\ncommerce, however, advance up it, but for\neight or ten days journey.^The raarfhps which\nfurround the mouth of the river, probably e|\u00C2\u00A3\nelude the Tartars with their flocks, from all residence near it. The ancient narratives of the\nJefuits, have reprefented this coaft as the Scene\n\u00C2\u00A9f a pearl-fifhery :, But the French navigators\ndid not any where find pearls of fuch beauty,\nor in fuch numbers in the Shells of the oyfters\nwhich they dragged up, as that they could determine any thifig concerning the reality of that\ni piece of information. No permanently inhabited villages were feen on the coai\ Bears, hinds,\nfawns, were perceived feeding in a tranquility,\nthat fhewed thefe fcenes to be little frequented\nby mankind, on the coaft of the Baie deTernaie.\nA tomb, with the remains of fome . burnt trees,\nwere the only things indicating this region to be,\nat all, the refort of human inhabitants. The\nBaie de Suffrein was equally defolate. Nor did\nthe whole population of the Baie de Cafiries appear to exceed five and twenty or thirty gerfons.\nL Flint, chalcedony, calcareous fpar, zeolite, porphyry, feveral beautiful cryftals and incruftations\nof volcanic origin, with a diverfity of other mat-\nters^iuch as are often found amid the lavas of\nextinguifhed volcanoes; but no metallic fub-\nftances ; were found \u00C2\u00A9n thefe coaits by the\nmineralogifts attendant on the French voyage.\nTchoka or Oku-Jeffo, prefents a coaft ftill more\nfertile in. vegetation than the oppofite continent\n\u00C2\u00A9f Tartary ; Yet, the vegetable kingdom fujg$\u00C2\u00AB\n#iihes but a comparatively fmall proportion of\n*a\n iBo\nLA-PEYROUS^-S VOYAGE\nttiembfi'Stence of its inhabitants, only the roots\n\u00C2\u00A9f faranna and of garlic. Even hunting feemsl\nto yield but an inconfiderahle part o#theit provisions : ^their dogs refufed flefli, but devoiteed\nfrfh with the m-dft voracious eagernefs. *Jl*d\nikins of elks arid bears, forming a part of the\no*refs of thefe people, feernto befpeak,that they\nare wont to kill thefe animals in the chace. It\nis, probably, in winter alone, that they attack\nthem with their arrows,- when the animals are\nthe moft feeble and helplefs. They are Tike-\nwife wont to take them by fnares, into which thd\n^animal is'enticed by a bait, in catching at which\nhe moves a trigger by which an arrow is difeharg-\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00C2\u00ABd,that gives him his death's wound. The\nslanders appeared proud of the fears which they\n\u00C2\u00ABhad received in combating with bears. Their i\ncanoes were hollowed trunks of the fir-tree,\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2and appeared capable of containing feven or\nieight perfons. Thefe ffender veffels rowed with\nvery light oars, are employed by their poffeflbrs\nin voyages to the diftance of two hundred\nleagues, from the fouthern extremities of Jeflb |\nand Oku-Jefib^as far as to the river of Segalien,\nin 33 deg. N. Lat. The winds, flowing the\n\"direction^f the channel, produce no furf upon\nithe,-*ftiore; in consequence of wfuch,?i becomes\n. eaiy to land in arPthe creeks : and the canoes,\nSh their long voyages, are every evening run a-\n~ground. Crofting from \"one iflaind to another,\n^thty feize always the feafon of a perfect calm.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 ?\u00C2\u00A3kt other times, their progrefs is always within\nSl^diftance of a phtol-Sbot from the land. Sai-\nifiipns, to be caught at the mouth of every rivulet, Afford them fubfiftence: They erect cabins\n-wherever theyH&op, ftrike fire with a fteel,\n ItOtJ&D THE WORLD,\nlot\n-Stat, and tinde|| and drefs -ti|elr provifions according t$> their ordinary domestic practical\nSometimes, they form witri a.fpuple of oars and\na garment, a Sort of rude tnaft and fail. Ve*r.\nfmall canoes, fuch as contain not more than two\nrisen, are Ufed for fifhing in the fmall rivers,\nand are pufhed about in fliallow water, with\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0rmali iticks inftead of poles. The manners on\nthe coaft of Tartary, are very nearly the fame as\njiri Tchoka; but, the French voyagers thjHight,\nthe^ Could perceive the existence of X difllmction\nS^f ranks among the iflanders, which did not\nmeet their observation on the continent. There\nj was, in every one \u00C2\u00A9tithe Canoes of the iflanders',\none man Vvkh whom the reft did not eat nor\ni cOnverfe, and whoj if not a Slave, was certainly\n| inferior t\u00C2\u00A9 the reft in rank. The commerce of\ntheir whale oil, and the frequency of their inter-\ncourfe with the Japanefe, have conferred on the\npeople of Jeffo and Oku-Jeffo, an Opulence\nLwlneh does not appear among the Bitchys ati3r\nthe Orotchys.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Images were feeft fufpended\nfrom the roofs of the huts, ifi-the Baies de Gafi-.\n-ries, and de Criilon. At the Baie de Crilton, the\nchief of a canoe, receiving a bottle of brandy\nfrom M. de la Peyroufe, poured fome drops\nfrom feinto the fea, as a libation to the deity\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 whom he worfhipped, before he would, himfeif,\n[\u00E2\u0096\u00A0pre fume to tafte it.0 It is not likely, that the\nLfeuropeans will ever be tenured to frequer|t thefe\n-feas on account of thofe fmall quantities of fkins,\n! dried fifties, and whale-oil, which alone they afford for commerce. The French navigators\nhumanely declined the purchafe of the dried\nSalmons which the people of the% coafts had\nLmrovidedfortheir winter provifions, left, parting\n'\n 18.2\n,A PEYROUSE'S VOYAGE\nwith thefe, the good folks might be Jjjjduced t\u00C2\u00A9A\nperifh by famine, amid the ftorms of winter^ No\nfea-otters were here tQ be feen ; nor did the\nnatives appear to have any particular knowledge\n\u00C2\u00A9f the existence of fuch an animal, or of the value of furs. jThe lea-otter is indeed moft probably to be found only in the eaftern part of the\nnorthern Kuriles. Peak de Langle, being more\nthan twelve hundred toifes in height, and in clear\nweather,visible at the diftance of 4oleagues,isan\nexcellent land-mark for the fouthern coaft of the\nnewly difcovered channel of Tartary. The Ruffians, though not the difcoverers of this channel\nand its adjacent ifles, are likely to profit the moft\nby the difcovery; for they will, hereafter, in all\nprobability, carry on a great navigation in the\nfea of Ochotsk, and eftablifh art, fcience, and\nan abundant, civilized, population, in thefe regions, of which the folitude is, at prefent,\nScarcely enlivened by a few hordes of wandering\nTartars.. It is impoffible now to afcertain by\nwhat progrefs thefe northern extremities of the\nAfiatic coafts received their population. But it\nmay eafily be conceived, that when the adjacent\ncontinent was once peopled, fome of thofe innumerable accidents to which the fortunes of mankind are Subject, could not fail to diffufe a few\nfugitives or adventurers, even into regions fo re-\n-mote and cornfortlefe. The following is the moft\nample vocabulary of the language of the ifland \u00C2\u00A9f\nTchoka, which the French navigators were, du-;\nring their Short Stay on the coaft, able to collect.\nTjheir pronunciation is guttural, yet foft, refem*\nblkig that of perfons who have the defect in articulation, of fpeaking thick.\n ROUND THE WORLD.\ni33\nii\nTke principal Parts ofthe human Body\nChy,\nTara,\nQuechgtau,\nEton,\nNotamekaun,\nTsara,\nT\"ma,\nAon,\n^Mochtchiri,\nTehe,\n\u00C2\u00A3h-chara,\nChap a,\n\Ochetourou,\nSaitourou,\nTap in ehin,\nTacts fouk,\nTay,\nTay-ha,\nTay-pompe,\nTchouai pompe\nKhouaime pompe,\nKmoche kia pompe%\nObfia pompe\nPara pompe,\nTchame,\nToho,\nHone,\n3figa>\nChipouille,\nAJforoka9\nAm be,\nAuchif\nEyes\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2Eye-brows\nForehead\nNote\nCheeks\nMouth\nTeeth\nTongue a\nChin\nBeard\nEars j\nHair\nNape of the neck\nBack\nShoulder j\nArms p||-\nFore-arm\nWriit. m - \u00C2\u00A7\nHand and fingers\nThumb\nFore finger\nMiddle finger\nFourth finger^\nLittje finger\nFore and upper parts\nof the breait\nNippies\nBelly\nPrivateparts of the man\nPrivate parts of a woman\nButtocks I\nThighs\nKnees\nm\n'\u00E2\u0080\u00A2JiW\nm\n 18*4\nLA PEYROUSE'S VQYAG1\nTchea'i,\n\u00E2\u0099\u00A6 Aimaitfi,\nOatchiia,\nAcoupotie,\nParaure.\nQtocpukaion\nOuraipo\nKama pompe am,\nlaffbu pompeam,,\nTajfbu ha pompeam.,\n$ajfouat&i\nHam or bend of the\nknee\nCalf of the leg\nAnkles\nUpper part of the foot\nHeel\nSole of the feet\nGreattoe\nSecond toe\nMiddle toe\nFourth, and the little\ntee\nNames of a Diverfity of Other objeBs.\nTchoka,\nTanina^\nChicks^\nMantehous^\n^/z,or Kahamh A Ship\nThe great ifland which they\ninhabit\nAnother lefs general name\nfor the fame ifle\nAn ifland or people, fouth,\nfrom Tchoka\nA people of Tartary, dwel-;\nling on the river Segalien,\nN. W. from Tchoka\nThe fea\nurous\nicom\nLock-kounu\nA canoe\nA thole of a canoe\nOars or paddles\nA fmall veffel with a hanJ\ndie, which is made of\nbirch-bark, and is ufed in\ndrinking, and in empty-'\nthe canoes of water l\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\n fcoutfrj f#E Worlds\nOuacheheihaiy\nTuratie,\nSoitta,\nMoncara^\nHo,\nCouhotf\nHai,\nTaffehaif\nEtantOy\nTaffiro,\nMatfirainitfi and\nMakiri)\nMatfire,\nHakamer\nJffaine^\nTechicotampe,\nAchka,\n%obekaf\nA Wooden 'fcoop or Shovel*\nfor emptying the canoes\nof water\nA very long, Strong, yet\nnarrow leathern Strap1,\nufed in fattening canoes\nThe bench of a'canoe\nAn iron hatchet, imported\nby the Mantchou Tartars\nA great lance of tempered\niron, likewife imported by\nthe Mantchou Tartars\nA bow |||\nCommon arrows tipped with*\niron, fmooth or barbed.\nM. T. ||\nForked- arrows, tipped with\niron. M. T.\nBlunt wooden arrows.\nA large cutlafs. M. T.\nA fmall knife in a Sheath^\nwhich hangs from a leathern girdle round the body/*\nm. t. m\nA name for a French knife\nin a Sheath & y|\nA large thumb-ring of iron,\nlead, wood, or the fea-'\ncow's tooth Ipll\nA Tewing needle\nA cravat or handkerchief\nA hat or bonnet\nThe fkin of the fea-calf^\n||f made into a long,, loofe\ngreat coat\n LA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nAchtouJ/hf,\nA loofe great coat, very Skil\nfully made of the bark of\nthe birch tree\nSeiaroufi,.\nA large great-coat of dog-\nSkin\nTetattapfr\nA coarfe Stuff Shirt, \u00C2\u00A9ma-'\nmerited with an edging of\nnankeen*\nptoumouchi'jf,\ni>mall, round-headed, waift\n'\ncoat buttons of brafs M.\nT.\nBufkins of fkin, fewed tot\nOchfth i\nthe Shoes\nSchiran,\nShoes in the Chinefe. fa-\njfliion, terminating in a\npoint, which bends up\nwards\nJMraubau,\nA leathern hag, with four\ntwisted horns, which is-\n\ '.'; ! 1\nhung as a pouch, at the\n'A V.\ngirdle\nttcharomph),\nEar-rhi,gs, cenflfting. each,, v\ntw,i\ncommonly of fix of eight\nblue beads. M. T.\nTama,\nSingle blue beads. Blue is\nthe favourite colour of all.,\nthefe people\nMUraichtchlvhn,\nA large and Strong matj on\nwhich they fit or lie down\nto Sleep\nAchkakarottp}$\nA fcreen in the Shape of a\nfan, which the old men,\nwear to protect theiroyes^\nfrom the fun\nHounechij\nThe fire\nTcitnotii)\nA dog\n-41\n ROU N D T Wk W0&L%g\n*&f\nNintou,\nOuachka+Wm\nChicimpq,\n\Abtka,\nSorompe,\nChouhoUy.\nwarn M\nPouhau,\n\ Nioupouri,:\nOho%\nNaye,.\nTfouhow,\nHourara\nHourara, haune^\nTebaira,\nOroar\nTebairouha^ f|||\nChoumauy\nNi, m\u00E2\u0096\u00A0'\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0096\u00A0''\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 -. \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\n6>s feheeM*\nToche,\nChoulaki,\nOtorout china,\nTfiboka,\nMahounly\nTaroho,\nMahatfi*\nPech KoutQU)\nA muftet\n. A-bucket for drawing water,\nShaped like oursj^litmade\nof- the bark of the birch\ntree\nFr\u00C2\u00A7(h water\nSea-water\nSmall cord\nA large wooden fpooa* \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nAdsooper kettle. M, T i\nA rodor pole\nA hut or houfe\nThe h\u00C2\u00A9ufe, the hamlets^\nThj& plain on which Standi\nthe hamlet or isn^g\u00C2\u00A9\nA river running acrofs the\nplain H\nThoiibn\nThe firmament\nThj&elouds M\nThe wind\nThe cold\nThe feafon \u00C2\u00A9f fnow, winter;\nAc Stone-\nWood, the trunk f\u00C2\u00A9fca tree\nPlank or fir\nBark of rough birch-trees, m\nlarge pieces-\nMofs>,a .plant\nPaflures, meadows\nSmallage,wild celery\nThe. wil^rofe-1 ree\nathe dog-role, or bloffom of\nthe rofe-tree\nA fort of tulip\nThe plant angelica\nmm\nmm\n Tfita,\n^f-lari,\nEtouchka,\nTfikaha,\nJMdchiy\nOmoch,\nloconiaie*\nPipa,\nOtaffl,\nToukochLhy\nEmoe,\nChauboun-)\nPauni,\nChidarape,\nHe, hi%\nHouaia, '\nTafi*, 31\nTap, Tape,\nCouhaka%\nAjbhy\nCbuka,\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2Mouaro.\nLA PEYROUSE S VOVA0-#\nA bird, the Singing of a birp\nfl|frA bird's feather\nThe jack daw\nA fmall common fwallow\nA gull\nA common fly\nThe common kima cockle\nThe mother-of-pearl oyfter\nHarp-fifh\nSalmon\nFifties in general, alfo a\nfpecies of barbel\nA variety of the carp\nA fifh bone\nThe roes, eggs, and aij9\nbladder of fillies, which4\nare broiled and preferved\nin heaps\nA Jew common Words*\n;iYes >jiii \"'\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 '\nNo\nThat cannot be, I will not\nWho I what ? what is \$M\nThis, that\nCome hither\nTo eat\nTo drink\nTo lie down, to fnore*\nTo Sleep\nNumerals*\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 v '\" V One - ~ '\nIw\u00C2\u00A9\nThree?\nFou*\n ROUND THE WORLD,\n<\u00C2\u00AB#\nAfchne,\nFive\nThampe,\nSix\nArouampe,\nSeven\nToubi Schampe,\nEight\nTchinchi Schampe,\nNine\nHouampe,\nTeife\nTchinobi kajfma.\nEleven\nToubi kaffma,\nTwelve\nTohel kaffma,\nThirteen\nYnebi kaffma,,\nFour|eea\nAfchnebi kaffma, *ijiffL\nFifteen\nThambi kaffma,\nSixteen\nArouambi kaffma,\nSeventeen\nTouhi fchampg kaffma,\n^Eighteen\nTchlnebi fehampi kaffma,\nNineteen}\nHouampebi kajfr^q,\nTw-enty\nHouampebi kaffma tchi/iee ho,\n^hirty\nITne houampe touch-ho,\nP\u00C2\u00B0rl$\nAfchne houampe taich ho, ^\nfiXS\nTou afcbns houampe taichho..\nAn hundred\nThefe iflanders were not obferyed either to\ndance or Sing. But with a fort of mufical e^.\nStrument formed of ^ ft^Ik \u00C2\u00A9jj^cejery or euohoifc\nbiam, they were hearo! to pfe^^ome plaintive^\nwild notes, refemb^ng the Softer tones of a\n[ trumpet. [jjgjj|\nAmidit this recolleipion of thefe novel ap-\nl pearances, in the varied condition \u00C2\u00A9f Social life,\nI j^iich^had been prefen,ted to feheir \u00C2\u00A9hfervation\nIon the-oaftern coafts of Tartary; the FrejacJr\nI navigators advanced on their voyage towards\nKamtfchatka. At fix O.'dfick in the evening\nof the 5 th of September, they were in fight of\nthe Kamtfcatkan coaft. The mountains which\nthey firft obferved, were thofe of the volcano\nm\nI>1*\n LA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nnorthward from St. Peter and S t. Paul. Thd\nafpect ofthe whole coaft was hideous. Nougni\nmet the eye, but rocks, on which, even in the]\nbeginning of September, the fnows as ye| remained unthawed. On the day following, thei\nweather continued clear. Ihey Stood to the\nnorthward : and, at the bafes of the mountains\ncrowned with eternal ice, faw a ground richly\ncarpeted wrtftlively verdure, and Shaded by tufts\nand thicket's of trees. In the evening of the 6th,\nthey reached the entrance of the bay of Avatf-I\ncha, or St. Peter and St. Paul. The fire in tint*\nRuffian light-houfe upon the eaftern point of the|\nbay, being Sheltered from the winds only by four\nboards, could not be kept burning during the\nnight,wOur voyagers, therefore, delayed entering the bay, tilijthe hour of two o'clock in\nthe afternoon of the fpliowing day, which was\nthe 7th of September.* tithe governor came out\nin his canoe, for tile fpace of five leagues, to\nmeet them. y|; From him they learned, that their\narrival had long been expected ; and that tjie|\novernor-general of all Kamtfchatka had letters\nFor them, and was expected to arrive within\nfive days, at the fettlement of St. Peter and St.\nPaul. Scarcely had our navigators come to anchor at the bottom of the bay, when the vicar of\nParatounka, with his wife and children, already\ncelebrated as the kind acquaintance of the illufri\ntrious Cook, were feen-jfe tome eagerly on\n-board.!!!\n *OUND THE WORLD.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A29\\nCH AP. Xa\nYNarrative of the Voyage continued, from the *jth-\nof September to the ifi of October, 1.787; Tranfactions in the Bay of Avatfcha : Short Account\nof Kamtfchatka : Departure upon a Southern\nCourfe.\nJ[_jRE the French voyagers could enter the\nIltation at which they intended that the frigates\nphould be, during their ftay in this harbour ; the\n\toyon, or native chief of the village, with feveral\npthers of its inhabitants, came out to vifit them.\nOffers of fuch prefents,as thefe good people had\nIp beftow, and of fuch fervices as they were qualified to\" perform, were warmly made by them,\nfend were accepted by the French navigators.\nMufkets were lent, and powder and fhot were\nlupplied to thofe friendly natives ; and the\nFrench obtained from their cares, abundance of\nIvild fowl, during the whole timecf their Stay in\nthe harbour. Lieutenant Kaborof, governor of\n[he harbour of St. Peter and St. Paul, and cbm-\njoriander of a military force of a ferjeant and\nIbrtvCoffacks. which were there Stationed; was\nmwearied in his kind attention to the Strangers ; nor were his foldiers flow to imitate bis\nbenevolent example. This gentleman inftantly\njlopofed to fend a meffenger to Mr. Cafloff Ou-\nforenin governor-general of Okhotfk and Kamtf-\nfchatka, who was then at Bolcheretfk, with whatever diSpatches M. de la Peyroufe fhould wifh\nto be fo forwarded. M. de Lefleps, a compan-\npn of the French voyage, acted as interpreter\nbetween the French and the Ruffians ; and was\nil\na wM$\n LA >EYROUSE S VOYAGE\nnow employed to write a Rdfiian letter, in thfc\nname of M.'de h Peyroufe, to Mr. Kafloff. M.\nde la Pevroufe, at the fame time, wrote to the\"\n*!ame gentleman ia, French. The Coffack mef-\nfenger was inftantly difpatched, as the bearer of\nthefe letters. In the mean time, our voyagers\nwere entertained with every poffible attention\nof honourable hofpitality by M. Kaborof, an&\nthe other inhabitants of St. Peter and St. Pauh\nMrs. \u00C2\u00A3aborof,'the lieutenant's lady, was ever\nready to otter them tea, and all fuch other re-\nffefhments as the country commonly afforded-.\nNor could Meffrs. de la Peyroufe and de Langle\n^avoid accepting, from her generofity, a few* valuable fkins of fables, rein dear, and foxes. Every one, indeed, was ambitious to make them\nprefents. ||X)ur navigators, however, failed not,\namply to Compenfate the kindnefs of their hofts,\nby prefents adapted to be very ferviceable in.\nthat climate. For the accommodation of the\naftronomers \u00C2\u00A9f the voyage, the moft convenient\nhoufe in the village was, at the firft hint of re-\n^ueft, appropriated, with the greateft ^alacrity,\nby Mr. Kaborof. Guards and guides were fent\nto accompany the naturalists in their excur-\nfions to explore the interior country. Meffrs.-;\nBernizet, Monges, and Receveur, thus accompanied, went to vifit a volcano, the fmoke of\nwhich, and forhetimes the flame, were feen from\nthe harbour Of Avatfsha. Their guides, believing that, in any attempt to afcend the volcanic\nmountain, human benigs muft Unavoidably per*\nifh amid the fmoke, would attend the Frenchmen only to the bafe of that mountain ; and it\nwas under this exprejs condition they fet out.\nIn a foreft, at fix leagues diftance froftithe vil*\n .-RQ&KD THE WORLD.\n*M?\nflage, was their firft halt for reft^i The intermediate territory was irregularly overfpread with\nbirches, pines, and \u00C2\u00A9ther trees or flsrubs. Ber-\nlries of various forts, and of every different Shade\n|\u00C2\u00A9f black and red, offered an agreeable refrefh-\nJment to the travellers, on their way. At fun-\n[fetjthc tent was pitched, and afire kindled with\n(great quicknefe, and with the utmoft attention\nto prevent the fire from communicating itfelf to\nthe Surrounding trees. In the morning, the parry again proceeded. The guides, according to\n[ their agreement, Stopped at the foot of the vol-\njcanic mountain, at the line beyond which vegetation* ceafed to afcend. Here they arrived not\nrfooner than.three o'clock in the afternoon of the\nfecond day of their expedition. Having repofed\nthemfelves, duringthe night, the French gentlemen, on the morning of the third day, afcended,\nalone, towards the volcanic crater. The mountain appeared to be compofed lavas, varying only in denfity or porofky. On the fummit were\n[found gypfeous Stones, with fulphur in cryftals,\nI lefs beautiful than th\u00C2\u00A9fc \u00C2\u00A9f the peak of Tene-\npriffe. The fhorls, and other Stones, were in gen-\noral lefs beautiful, than thofe fpecimensof the\nlame which are found near ancient volcanoes.\nI Among others which the French naturalists\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0brought back, were fome tolerably good fpeci-\nraiens of the cryfolite. The horizon on the fum-\nImit of the mountain was not more than a muf-\nket-lkot in diamater ; fave that once, it opened\nand difcovered to them the bay of Avatfcha,\nhwith the frigates diminished to the eye, by diftance, to the fize of fmall canoes. On the edge\nof the crater, the mercury in the barometer fub-\nI'fided to nineteen inches, eleven lines, and tw\u00C2\u00A9\nR\nf\nin\n 194\nLA PEYROUSE'S VOYAGE\nff\ntenths of a line; while in the barometefc on\nborad the frigates, it Stood at twenty-feven inches, nine lines, and two tenths of a line. On\nthe fummit of the volcanic mountain, the mercury in the thermometer was two degrees and a\nhalf under the freezing point : but at the water-\nfide, there was a difference of no lefs than twelve\ndegrees from this temperature. To calculate\nthe elevation of the mountain, therefore, from\nthe indications of the barometer, it fhould feem\nto be more than fifteen hundred toifes above the\nlevel of the fea. Fogs unfortunately frustrated\nthe views of the French naturalifts, who had af-\ncended fo far to examine the volcanic crater.\nReturning to their tents below, they found that\ntheir guides had already considered them as perfons who had thrown their lives away ; had faid\nprayers for the reft of their departed fpirits ;\nand had drank a part of the brandy which was\nleft under their care. The enfuing night was\ndistinguished by an exeeffive fall of fnow, in\nconfequence of which every idea of more particularly exploring the limits of the volcano, yvas\nabandoned , and the naturalifts, with their\nguides, returned in all poffible haite to the village. The cafks were, in the mean time, filled\nwith water ; and the holds of the frigates, with\nwood, and with hay for the tame animals which\nour voyagers expected here to receive from the\ngovernor-general. Of all their own live flock,\nthey had but one Sheep now furviving. Unluckily the Kamptfchatkans have been hkherto\nextremely negligent in regard to the multiplication of tame cattle among them ; although there\nis fuch a luxuriance of grafs, in the Southern\npart of this peninfula, that, with the care of\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n195\nbuilding barns for the reception of hay, and cow-\nhoufes for the lodging of the cattle themfelves,\nduring thf months of winter, cattle might foon\nbe rendered as plentiful here as even in Ireland.\nBut, the chace of the wild animals, and the caj&-\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 tureof the frlmons, which, in immenfe profu-\nfion, enter their rivers, appear to them, far eafier means of procuring fubfiftence. The Ruffian\nand Coffack foldiers follow the example of the\nnative Kamtfchatkans. Only the lieutenant,\nand the fergeant had fmall gardens filled with\nturnips and potatoes. * The reft are content with\nthe roots of wild plants, and with the berries,\nfrom which they prepare conferve'd fweetmejtts.\nand agreeable drinks for the ufe of winter, ille\nFrench voyagers were pleafed to have it in their\npower to fupply their kind entertainers with a\ngood quantity of the feeds of fome of the\nmoft valuable European pot-herbs. In th&r\nhunting excursions through the country, the\nStrangers looked eagerly for bears, deer, and\nargali; but could find neither beafts nor birds\nof game, except a few ducks, or rather teal.\nThe friendly Kamtfchadales, however brought\nthem, during their Stay, four bears, an elk, a\nrein-deer, with a large quantity of divers and\nother wild fowls. Abundance of falmons, herrings, fmall cod, and plaice, were, at all times,\nand with the utmoft eafe, t\u00C2\u00A9 be taken in the bay\u00E2\u0080\u009E\nA few barrels were falted for future ufe. M.\nKafloff at length arrived ; bringing with him\nvarious fpecimens, particularly of the mineralogy Of the country, for the infpection of the\nFrench naturalifts. His ad.rrefs and manners\nwere thofe of a polite, accomplifhed, European\ngentleman. On the day after hia arrival,j he,\nS$a8\n LA PEYROUSE S VOY AGS\nwith Mr. Schmaleff, commander of the Kamtj^-I\nehadales, and the good vicar of Paratouuka,\ndined with M. de la Peyroufe,\u00C2\u00A9n board La Bouffole. He was received, as he came on board,\nwith a falute of 13 guns. He brought no lette|SH\nfor our navigators. He greatly regretted his\ninability to fupply them, before the time of their\nintended departure, with more than feven head*.)\nof black cattle. On the day following he dined\n\u00C2\u00A9n board L'Aftrolabe, where he was received\nwith the fame honours. Pie would accept no\npayment for the oxen which he brought. On\nthe day following, he entertained them on Shore*\nat a ball, to which all the women of the village,\nboth Kamtfehadales and Ruffians, were invited\nto meet them. The dames, both Kamtfchadale\nand Ruffian, were dreffed in filk-ftuffs, and wore,\nin particular, filk handkerchiefs bound round\ntheir heads. The Ruffian dances were accompanied with vjpry pleafing tunes. The dances\nof the Kamtfehadales refembled the writh-\nings of perfons fuffering under convulsions.\nA fort of mournful cry, with difficulty elicited\nfrom the breaits of the performers, is the only\nmufic with which thefe dances are accompanied.\nIn the midit of the ball, arrived a carrier from\nOchotfk, the bearer of a large trunk, containing\npackets cf letters for the Strangers. The ball\nwas interrupted. The Frenchmen were delighted with the news which they received. M. de\n3a Peyroufe, in particular, was pleafed to, find\nhimfelf promoted to the rank of Commodore.\nMr. Kafloff eagerly congratulated him upon his\nnew honours; and kindly celebrated the event,\nby a difcharge of all his artillery. Provisions\nwere furnifhed to cur voyagers during thejr ftay\n ROUND TH'E WORMS*.\n'97\nin the harbour, by the joint exertions of all the*\npeople of the village. A Kamtfchadale fledge,-\njjwo royal eagles, and a grea#%umber of fable-\nikins, were among the prefents which the gene-\nroShlj of Mr. Kafloff would oblige the French\ncommanders to accept. The narrative of Cook's\nthird voyage, was almoft the only thing of value, which his grateful guefts could prevail with\nhim to accept in return for; fo many favours.\nThe unfortunate Ivafchkin, mentioned by Cook\nwith refpectful compaflion for diftreffes, was\nftill a reiident in Kamtfchatka* When a youth\nunder the age of twenty, he happened to utter,\nIn the imprudent gaiety of a convivial party\nflufhed with liquor, fome expreffions difrefpect-\nful to Elizabeth the then reigning EmpreSs *\u00C2\u00A9f\nRuffia. For this trivial indifcretion, all his*\nfubfequent life was to be consigned to ignominy'\nand wretchedneis^ He was the ion of a noble\nfamily, an officer in the guards, very handfome\nin his face and perfon. His noftrils were flit ;.\nthe fevere corporal punifhment m the knout was\ninflicted upon him ; and he was banished for\nTife, to the diftant extremities of Kamtfchatka.\n'After more than fifty yearsf of exile, he obtained,\nnot many years fince, a pardon- from5 the'\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2Emprefs Catharine. But it came too; late.\n\"He chofe rather to continue in: the Showy\ndefarts in which he had pined out all^^etter\nyears, than to return to a fcene where h#mould\nno longer find a friend, and which would'renew\n:the painful remembrance of his youthful indif-\ncretion, and of theunjuft corporal fuffering artd^\n-difgrace with which it had been puntmed; He\n'had been educated at Paris ; and ftill knew as-\nmuch French, as made him not incapable o\u00C2\u00A3:\nmm - r^\n i\u00C2\u00A7i\nIA peyrouse's vqyagi\nconverfation with the French gentlemen. Yef*t\nShame for the ignominy to which he had been\nunjuftly fubjected, made him for fome days ajfte&f\nhis arrival with Mr. Kafloff, to hide himfelf from\ntheir prefence. Mr. Cafloff, who treated himp\nwith a kindnefe thatvfias highly adapted to footh-\nhis mjnd under hisjforrows, prevailed with hhr,a\nat laft, to fhew himfelf to the French. Thea\nobliging attention of 3Vf. de Ia Peyroufe, rendered him fond of their fociety. He received, with\nthe warmeft gratitude, thofe prefents whMi they\neagerly beftowed, to foilen, as much as poffible,\nthehardfhips of his condition. He pointed out,\nto them the grave of M. de Ja Croyere, a Mem*\n\S of the Royal Academy qf Sciences, who,, on\nhi$ return;*rorn a Ruffian expedition to explore\nthe coaft of America, in which he had engaged\nas aftronomer and geographer, died here, in the\nyear 174-flt They placed over the grave of theigi\nfellow-countryman, an infcription on copper,\ncommemorating his character and his deaths\nOver the grave of th^ English navigator, Clarke,\nthey likewife erected a fimilar. infcription on a\nplate of copper; as mat with which he had heen,\nhonoured by his fellow voyagers, was only in-\nfcribed with a pencil on a piece of wood. Mm\nKafloff promjied to e?e&, without delay, a monument lefs perifhable,and which fhould be more-\nworthy of. two fuch illuStrious men. M. de la-,\nCroyere had married at Tobolfk ; and his po\u00C2\u00A3\nterity fthTrefide there, in a .Situation \u00C2\u00A9f comfort\nand refpect-.\nMr. Kafloff wa^familiarly acquainted with all\nthe particulars of the voyages of Behricg, and\nTchirikow. |Thefe formed the fuhjects of frequent converfation between Htm and his French\nguefts. He theoce took oceafi'on to inform them,\n JlOUNfr THE WORLD.\n*n\nt^affce had left Mr. Billings at Okhotfk, building two veffels for the further profecution of the\nRuffian difcoveries in the northern feas. But\nthere were difficulties to be furmounted, which\nwould ftill to\u00C2\u00A9 long retard the expedition of Billings. Mr. Kafloff was of ^binion,lhat it might\nhave been better for the Ruffian government,\nto have fent him out from\fome port of the\nBaltic.\nOur navigators were permitted to take a plan\nof the bay \u00C2\u00A9f Avatfcha. They prefented to Mr,\nKafloff, an elegantly finifhed drawing of it. A\ndrawing of the Oftrog, and a box of acids for\nthe analysis of mineral waters, were, alf\u00C2\u00A9, among\ntheirorefents to him. He was not unfkilled in-\nthe fciences of chemiftryand mineralogy. But\nhis firft attentions were given to the improv\u00C2\u00A9^\nHient of thofe arts, which were to furnifh to tjjp;\npeople of his government, the immediate nece||^\nfariesof fubfiftencei^The foil promifes to produce, if not wheat, at leait abundant crops of\nrye and barley^Potatoes, but a few years Since;\nintroduced from Irkoutfk, were feen to thrive\niurprifingJy in feveral fields. Mr. Kofloff hasf*\ndetermined to adopt mild, ^yet vigorous means,\nfor obliging all the inhabitants of this territory,\nRuffians, Coffacks, and Kamtfehadales, fp turn\n[ their- attention to agriculture. A new, mixed\nrace is arifing from the frequent interrnai riage.s.\nof Ruffians witli Kamtfehadales. Thefe are\nHktly to prove more laborious than the Ruffians,\nlefs uncouth in form than the Kamtfehadpes,\nThe fmaJCpox in the year 1769, fwept away\nthreefcpurths of the lattef; reducing thepnum*.\nher to fewer than four thoufand. The new people, who are fpringing up, are likely to^proye\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0#f\n LA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nmore fufcepible of civilization than their ance\u00C2\u00A3\ntors. Already have they begun to abandon\ntheir(ubtexraneous yourts,and to build forthem-\nfelves ifbas, or wooden houfes, in the manner of\nthe Ruffians. Thefe ifbas, referable the cottages of the peafants^i the middle apd the fouth\nof Europe ; are warmed to an exceffive heat,'by\na brick-ttove ; and are divided into three fmall\nrooms. Thofe who do not yet poffefs ifbas,\nfpend the winter in balagans, which Stand like\npigeon-houfes, on the top of pofts, twelve or\nthirteen feet high ; are covered with thatching ;\nand are entered by ladders which afford no very\nfecure footing^.The Kamtfchadale women already drefs almoft entirely In the manner ofthe\nRuffians. _The Ruffian language prevaSY in aft\nthe Ofirogs. The Ruffian government, although\ndefpotic, Is here administered with the greateft\nvmildnefs. The taxes which they levy on tMei\nKamtfehadales, are fo light, that the produce of\neven half a day's hunting, is fufficient to defray\nthe tax for a whole year. The quantity of fpe-s\neie in circulation among thefe people, is, in proportion to their numbers, far from inconsiderable. Their furs bring a very high priced An\n\u00C2\u00A9tter-Skin is worth 30 roubles at the village of\nSt. Peter and St- Paul \, Skins of black-foxes, being extremely rare, are fold for more than 120\nroubles, each. The fkins of the white and tne\ngrey fox, vary from 2 to 20 roubles. To open\na traffic for thefe fkins, the Engfifh, fn the year\n1786, Sent a fmall veifel to Kamt&hatka, vtlie\nproperty of a commercial houfe in Bengal, and\ncommanded by a captain- Peterjg Mr. Kafloff\npermitted \%e Englifh to folicit perm';|5\u00C2\u00A9n tor\nthis commereial intercourfe,.in a memorial which\n ROUND THE WORE\u00C2\u00AE.\n\u00C2\u00A3ar\nhe tranfmitted for them to the Court of Peterk\nburgh. -But the very veffel which brought the\npropofals, was afterwards wrecked on Copper\nIfland ; xand the defign has not been profecuted\nfarther.\nAs to climate and' productions, Kamtfchatka\nmay be prepared 11 the coaft of Labrador, adjacent to the Streights of Belle-ifle. The.. Kamtfehadales appeared to M. de la Peyroufe, to be\nthe fame race of people with the inhabitants at\nthe Baie de Caitries. In perfonal form, the re-\nfemblanceis confiderable : in mildnefs and probity, there is a,perfect agreement between the\ntwq hordes. The bay of Avatfcha is perhaps\nthe fineft in the world. Its entrance is narrow %\nits bottom is muddy^ and affords excellent anchoring ground. On the eaftern and on the\nweftern fide, it has two1 vaft harbours, in which\nall the Ships of both the French and the British\nNavy might find fhelter. The rivers of Avatf\u00C2\u00BB\ncha andParatounka enter the bay, but are barred\nUp with fand-banks, which render them acceffi-\nble only when the tide is at high water. On a\ntongue of land curioufly interjected, Stands the\nvillage of St. Peter and St. Paul. Behind the\nvillage, is a fmall port, in which three or four\nveflels may very conveniently be at anchor for.\nthe winter. This bafon is, at its entrance, but\n2C toifes wide. On its fhore Mr. Kafloff intends to make out the foundations of a new city,\nWhich may, one day, become the capital of\nKamtfchatka, and the centre of a great trade\nwith China, Japan, America, and the Phillip-\npine Ifles. A number of fmall Streams, and a\nfmall lake of frefh water, are near, to fupply t|e\nliew town with this articSfof primary neceffifff*\n LA PEYROUSE S\nfAGE\nAlready has Mr. Kafloff iffued orders which pro-\nmife to unite the other Kamtfchadale oftrogs\nwith that at St. Peter and St. Paul. The Kamtfehadales have been converted, without violence\nor perfecution, to the Greek religion. The\nprefent vicar of Paratounka is the fon of a Kamtfchadale father by a Ruffian woman. .His manner of praying and teaching has in it an expref-\nfion of feeling which proves very-engaging to his\npariihioners. His wife,daughter,and fitter, were\nthe belt dancers among the women. He copi-\noufly fprinkled the French gentlemen with holy\nwater, and made them kifs the crofs which was\ncarried by his clerk. His ufual residence is at\nparatounka. As he had come to St. Peter and\nSt. Paul, only for the purpofe of vifiting our\nvoyagers ; his residence there, was in a tent ;\nand his altar was in the open air.| He is vicar\nalfo of the Kuriles ifles, which he is wont to vifit\nannually. The Ruffians number 21 of thefe\nifles ; and, rejecting their ancient names, diftin-\nguifhedthem as No. i.No. 2. &c. From t&t\nreport of the vicar, the French navigators understood the ifle of Mareckan to be No. 21. of\nthe Ruffians. Of the 21 of the Kuriles ifles\nwhich belong to the Ruffians, only four are, according to the account of the vicar of Paratounka, inhabited. Thefe are Nos. 1. 2. 13. 14.\nNos. 13. 14. have both the fame inhabitants\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nwho pafs the furnmer months on No. 13. the\nwinter months on No. 14. The others are only vifited occasionally, for the fake of hunting\nthe otters and foxes,* which are their ordinary\noccupants. The currents run very ftrong between thefe ifles, efpecially at the entrances^jbfe)\nthe different Channels, A canoe, or, as the J$kf\u00C2\u00BB\nJ\n ROUND THE WORLD.\naoj\nfians name it, baidar, is the only veffel in which\nthe vicar of Paratounka is accuftomed to perform his annual voyages. He believes, that he\nmuft, feveral times., have perifhed, had it not\nbeen for the miraculous virtue of his cajfock and\nhis Jtoly water. The four inhabited ifles do not\ncontain, in all, above 140\u00C2\u00A9 perfons. The bodies\nof thofe iflanders are hairy. They preferve their\nbeards long, and live wholly upon the produce\n\u00C2\u00A9f their fifhing and hunting. They are humane,\nhofpitable, and docile. For thefe laft ten years,\nthey have been unable, in confequence of the\ngreat diminution ofthe numbers of their otters,\nto pay the wonted tribute to the Ruffian government. The fouthern and independent inhabitants of the Kuriles, fometimes bring a few of\nthe commodities of Japan to be exchanged for\npeltries, with the people of the ifles fubject to\nRaffia.\nBefore he fhould leave Kamtfchatka, M. de la\nPeyroufe refolved to difpatch M. de Leffeps>\ntrough the Ruffian dominions, to France, with\nthe journals of thofe parts of his voyages, which\nlie had already accomplished. The rapid approach of winter warned our voyagers to take\ntheir departure from Avatfcha. On the 29th\nof September, they were ready to fail out of that\nharbour.#Mr. Kafloff honoured them with a\nfarewell vifit ; and for the laft time dined on\nboard. M. de Laffeps, whofe fociety they could\nnot forego without regret, remained with Mr*\nKafloff, to carry the difpatches home to Francis\nA mutual difcharge of cannon from the frigates,\nand from the batteries, was amolHg the laft for-\n*nalities of the adieus between the French navM\ngators and their kind Ruffian hofts.\n JLA PEYROUSE S VOY,\nThe following are the onjj other facts con*\nceraing Kamtfchatka, which M. de la Peyroufe\nhas thought fit to infert in the narrative of his\nvoyage. This peninfula was firft difcovered by\nthe Ruffians, in the latter part of. the 17th century. Their firft expedition againft the independence of its inhabitants, took place in the year\n1696. In the year 1711, the Kamtfehadales,\nfor the firft time, agreed to own the Ruffian dominion, and to pay a flender tribute of 300. Skins\nof fables, 200 fkins of red or grey foxes, with a\nfew otter fkins. A military force of about four\nhundred foldiers, with a Suitable proportion of\nofficers, is permanently maintained in this country, to fupport the authority \u00C2\u00A9f the Ruffian government, and to collect the revenue. The form\nof the government of this province has been fev-\n3^1 times changed. In the year 1784, Kamts-\nchatka was reduced into the condition of a province dependent on the government of Okhotfk i\n4fend Okhotfk itlelf is fubject to the jurifdiction\nof the fupreme civil courts of IrkoutSk. The\nOftrog, or Kamtfchadale village of Bolcheretft,\nwas once the capital of Kamtfchatka, and the\nresidence of a Superior military officer. A fer-\ngeant of the name Martinof, has now the prin*\n\u00C2\u00ABipal command at BalcheretSk: At the Oftrog,\nor village of St. Peter and St. Paul, Lieutenant\nKaborof is the commandant: Major Ellewoff\ncommands at Nijenei-Kamtfchatka, or the Cf-*\ntrog of lower Kamtfchatka : Verknei, or upper\nKamtfchatka, is under the command of fergeafft\nMomayeff. Thefe feveral commanders are independent of one another, and immediately re-\niponfible to the governor of Okhotfk, alone.\nThere refides alfo in this country, aa officer wha\n &OUND THE WORLD,\n205\npSs the title of Infpector of$he Kamtfehadales*\nand whofe duty is, to protect thefe natives from\n$he oppreffion of the military government. His\nrank isfthatof Major in the army. From Kamr>\nfchatka, the Ruffians have undertaken various\nAdventures of Mercantile navigation, and have\n^p$ted out different voyages of difcovery to explore the northern coaft of America. The j^\u00C2\u00A3\neutfem ifles ; thofe ifles eaftward from Kamtfchatka, which are known by the name of Oonal-\nafhka , and all the adjacent ifles lying Southward\n||om this' peninSula 5 were firft difcovered b}t\nfeuffian navigators failing from Kamtfchatka.\nOkhotfk is the jfcat of the mercantile fpirit and\ncapital, by which navigation for the |ur trade.-i$..\ncarried on in thefe feas. The veffels ufually\nemployed in this, navigation, are from 45 to 50\nfeet in length, have but a fingle maft, are manned by crews of 40 or 50 men each, all of whom\nare at leaft not lefs expert asjwmters than as fea-\n'\u00E2\u0096\u00A0pien. They depart from Okhotfk in the monrj\nof June, pais ufually between the point \u00C2\u00A9f Lo-\npatkaand N\u00C2\u00A9. 1. ofthe Kuriles, Steer eaft war^\nand continue to roam about from ifland to ifland, till they have bought or;procured, by their\n:$wn hunting, a number of 3klns of otters an$.\n;%fcher animals, fu$cienjifo defray the whole ex*\npence of the adventure, and to afford to the\nIfcjnerchants proprietors, a profit of cent, pjjf\ncent, upon 'that expence. The Captains of\nfhefe trading veffels, receive. orders from the\n,/goverwqr of Okhotfk, to oblige the natives,\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2%n, all the ifles which they vint, to own the\ndominion of the Ruffian PniperOr. A revenue\naoflicjEr fr*ga^ntly accompanies thefe trading ex-\n^edjlio^s,^\u00C2\u00A9 colfeet whatever tribute4he vbixo*\n'Mm\nm\nhi\n lo6\nLA PEYRCUSE'S VOYAGE\n\u00E2\u0099\u00A6lerstan be perfuaded to pay. It was propcfed\n^to fend a miffionaiy, by whofe endeavours all\nihe unconverted iflanders mi\u00C2\u00A3ht be brought to\nembrace the chriftian faith. Jn the ports %'\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2^hlch they winter, the trading hunters neceflari-\nly found temporary eftabliffiments. Butj Ruf-\nfia has not yet fixed any permanent fettlement\neaftward from Kamtfchatka. 'Kiatcha, on the\nconfines between the Chinefe and the Ruffian\n4omin3ons, is the staple for the fale of the\nRuffian furs to the Chinefe. Furs to the amount\nof #75\u00C2\u00A9,ocol. Sterling a-} ear, have, till lately,\nheen bought and fold at that market. In the\nyear 1787, no fewer that 25 veffels, manned\nwflh crews ofwThich the whole number might\namcuntto i\u00C2\u00A9oo men, Kamtfehadales, Ruffians,\niand Ceffacks, failed eaftward in queft of furs ,\nto find wjiich, they would difperfe themfelves\n4jtong the American coaft, from Cook's river to\nBehring's ifland. On their return, thefe trading\nveffels Sometimes enter the bay of Avat-fcha, and\nthen, after fome delay, proceed to Okhotfk. The\nnavigation of the iea of Okhotfk, later in the\nyear than the end of the m\u00C2\u00A9nth of September,\nis prohibited by a very laudable imperial decree,\non account of the winter hurricanes by which it\nis infefted. The bay of Avatfcha is never ft>Ui|\nup by*ce,and always a$ferds Shelter for Shipping.\nIn Kamtfchatka, the winter is lefs fevere than at\nPfcterfburgh ; yet fnow and hoar-froft come on,\n#iih great feverity, in Kamtfchatka, as early as\nthe 2\u00C2\u00A9thdayof September. AgainSt the cold,\nthe Ruffian and Kamtchadale inhabitants of the\ncov ntry, are protected by the thick Skins which\nform theirclothing, and by th^heat of their habU\n-Jfttnns, jjHiich are warmed by Stoves to fketejpi-\n ROUND THE WORLTk\ntox\nperature of 28 deg. or even 30 des. above ther\nfreezing point, 'the degree of heat which is\nconftaatly kept up in thefe dwellings,was indeed\nfuch, that the French navigators could not endure It, without danger of immediate Suffocation. The ufe of the hot bath is familiar to dispeople, in- this region. In the village of St. Pe-\nter and St. Paul, were two public baths. The,\nbath confifts of a very low room, in the middle\nof which is an oven, constructed without cement, and heated in the fame, manner as a bakers oven. Its roof is arched. It is furrounled\nby rows of feats for the bathers, difpofed like:\nthofe in an amphitheatre. Water, warmed by\nthe fire to a boiling heat, is continually, during\nthe bathing, eaft againit the roof, and is thus\ninceffantly converted into Steam ; in whiclv\nState, it excites the moft prof ufe pevfpiration \u00C2\u00A7\u00C2\u00A7|\nthe bathers on the feats, who are expofed to it>\naction. Preferring dogs to rein-deer, for the ufe\nof drawing their fledges ; the Kamtehadales are\nthus hindered from breedingjiogs, fheep, reindeer, horfes, or oxen ; all which animals their\ndogs would devour, while they are young. Their\ndraught dogs are fed chiefly wi&fifh, and receive their meals, only at the end of the day's-\nipurney.. By inquiring from Mr, Kafloff, the-\n, French voyagers learned, that the Ruffians had\nindeed feen the north end of the ifland of Tchc-\nha, from the mouth of the river.Amur, but\nknew nothing more concerning it. TI\n-lifh chart of the bay of Avatfcha, is. good\n1 Eng-\nBufr\ntwo banks, Situate eaft and weft from the entrance into this harbour, may occafion fome\ndanger ; and thefe are to be avoided, only by\nkeeping two iniulated rocks on the E. cozftyopm\nCsl\n LA PEYROUSE % VOYAGE\nwith the light-hgufe point, and by fhutting in with\nthe W. coafi, a large rock on the larboard hand.\nM. Dagelet's obfervations fix the houfe of lieutenant Kaborof in 53. deg. 1 min. N. Lat. in 156\ndeg. 30 min. E. Long. The tides are'very regular. It is high water in the bay, at half jpaft-^\no'clock, P. M\u00C2\u00BB The rife, at full and change, is\nfour feet. B?i i#\n)>\n ROUHD- THE WORLD.\nlOfy\nCHAP. XI.\n' Narrative of the Voyage continued, front the entfi\nof' September to the 14th of December 1787.\nCourfe from the* Bay of AvatfcM, Southward\nto'the Navigatdrs' Ifles : Anchorage at the Ifie\nof Maouna'M Manners, of its Inhabitants :\nMaffacre of M. de Langle, with eleven Per-*'\nfans of the iixro crews : Ifles of Oyolava and Pc~*\nla: Inter courfe with their inhabitants :' Cocoes\nand Traitor Ifles, ||jff\nHP InII tM /:W- '<\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 Vlll\nHEoorth wind, Shifting to weft, as our*\nvoyagers were making their- way out of the bay\nof Avatfcha, rendered it impoffiole for them to\nfurvey, as they had intended, the Kurile ifles, as\nfar as Mareckan. Thev therefore took a courfe\n!ih'tl|eir progrefs, in which they might crofs the-\nparallel of 37 deg. 20 min. N. Lat. in the Longitude of 165 deg. a fituation in which geographers have placed a large, rich, and populous -\nifle, which the Spaniards are faid t-rhaye difcovered in the year 162a. At midnight, between the 14th and 15th of October, they reached the latitutj^of 3^7 deg., 2\u00C2\u00A9. min. Flights of -\nduck*, fowls which never fly far from land. The\nweather was'clear. Every degree of vigilance\nwas employed, yet no land was to be feen.- The\nifland which was fought, probably lies farther\nfputhward. In their progrefs eaftward from its\n.nre4$jide^pfofition, the Fiends navigators ob^\nServed two fmall birds ; and, in the Same- even?;\ning, a turtle puffed befide the Ship.1-.-; On the\nday following, a b#;d, fmaller than anturopean.\nwren, perched on the main-top-fall yard-arm |||\u00C2\u00A7\nand aaot&8\u00C2\u00A3 flight of ducks paffed by. Yet,*n^ 3\nJ$ Si\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0fcF\n 2IO\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nPer-\nifland was, in thefe latitudes, difcovered.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 haps M. de la Peyroufe might have been more\nfuccefsful, if he had chofen rather to run down\nthe parallel of latitude 36\" deg. 30 min. A\nfeaman unfortunately fell overboard from the\nAftrolabe, and was loft, during this fearch. X)n\nthe 18th and 19th, Signs of the near vicinity of\nland ftill continued to be obferved. But when\nthey reached 173 deg. of E. Long, all fuch Signs\ndifappeared.\nOn the 22d, at no\u00C2\u00A9n, M. de Ia Feyfoufe, a-\nbandoning this fearch, directed the frigates to\nsffurhea foutherly courfe.^The hill\u00C2\u00A9wsdwelled\nlb high, and rolled with fo much violence; that*\nat one time, in the courfe of this day, the jolly*\nboat though la/hed to the gangway, was warned\n\u00C2\u00A9ff, and mdre than twentv tons of water were\na*^ 4\nthrown on board. Frequent figns of the virin-\nity of land, but nothing -more, were fetn. The\nFrench navigators were now, therefore, to look\nfor their next drSeoveries in that vaft held, oF\nfrom 13 deg. to 15 deg. from north to fouth,\nand of 140 deg. from eaft to weft ; where the\nancient tracks of Quiros, Mendana, Tafman^\n&c. are, in every direction, croffed by thofe of\nmodern navigators, and where ifles are fcatrered\nin the ocean, juft as Stars in the milky-way of\nheaven. On the 23d of October, there blew\nfrom the fouthward a Strong gale, by which the\nfrigates were not a little disturbed in their courfe.\nUntil they reached the 30th paralleLofJatitude,\non theX;2Qth of October, the winds were extremely inconftant, and the fea was always very\nmuch agifaled. A paftage fo fiidden, from tlie\nextreme of heat to that of cold, did not fail to\nfcff^^athef unfavourably, the Jiealth of moft\n ROUND THE WORE\u00C2\u00A9.\n211\nof the perfons on board both the frigates. But\nthe diforders thus occasioned, were flight, and\nwere not followed by any fewons ill consequences. On the lit of November they found\nthemfe^yes in 26 deg. 27 min. N. Lat. in 175,\ndeg. 38 min. E. Long. Curlieus, plovers, and\nother birds which are not wont to venture, in\n'their flights, to any great diftance from land,\nwere feen hovering, in great numbers, round\n^hemi. The weather was diftinguiShe&byafog-\n-ginefs of the atmofphere, and by frequent and-\nviolent blafts of wind. Yet, the horizon clearing up in all quarters, except towards the fouth 5\nthe probability or the existence of land in * that;\nquarter, was, hence, naturally fuggefted. Perhaps, ^hey might pafs fome flat rock that efca-\n\"ped their observation, and which future navigators may;al*%ngth detect. The indications of\nland ceafed, as our voyagers continued their\nprogrefs. Tflie fky became at length fo ferene,\nthat they could tmd^the longitude, by lunar ob-\nfervation. Several doradoes, and two Sharks,^\nwhtefcthey now caught, formed a very agreea<*\n4>le regale amidft the falted difhes, to -the ufe of\nwhich, under a burning fun, they found it not\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2at all pleafant to be confined.\nAt length they reached the tropic, fairer\nikies and a wider horizon now. gratified their\nBirds, fuch as never wander far from\nview.\n'land, were every day feen by them; yet ftill\nefought but the waters expanded around. On\n^he 4th of November, m 23 deg. 40 min. N.\n*Lat. in 175 deg. 48 ^\u00C2\u00BBv 47 fee. W. Longitude,\nthey caught a golden plover, which was fo fat,\nft could not have been long diftant from land.\nQn the 5 th they crofted their own ttack from\n LA PEYHOUSE'sgOYAGE\nMonterey. QAthe6th they croffed the tradc^f\n-Ijlaptain Clarke from the Sandwidi Iflesto Kamtfchatka. The billows Swelling high, made^their\nprogrefs fufficiently difficult, J A-few flying fifties were the only creatures of the fifh-genus,\nwhich, came in their way. On the 9th, they\npaffed the fouthern point ofthe SHCiL orfiat of\nVillAtLobqs, according to the pofition aligned\nto it in the charts of M. de Flenrieu. \u00C2\u00A7 But, appearances led M. de la Peyronie to believe, that\nif \u00C2\u00A3u\u00C2\u00A3h a fliqal exift, its fituation muft be farther j\nweftward. The fea became gradualt^jOmoother,.j\nand the winds lefs violent. From the time at\nwhich the frigates reached the 10 deg. of N.\nLatitude, it rained almoft inceilantly during the\n.day. The hygrometer.,had, at no time fince;\ntheir departure from Europe, indicated the pre--\n\"fence of a larger proportion of \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 moi it u re, in the\natmofphere. The noxious oppreffivenefs of the\nair, joined to the bad quality of their provisions,\nwere found-to relax the Strength and-impair the\nhealth of the. ihips' companies^ To obviate\nthefe evils as much as poffible, 3Y\u00C2\u00A3 de la. Peyroufe ordered coffee to be. daily ferved out to*\nthe faiiors, madebj^. fhipto be dried and venti*\u00C2\u00BB\nlated between the decks, and obliged the crews-\nto keep their linens clean by. ufing rain water to*\nwafh-them. On the. 6th. of November, they\ncaught, eight bonetas ; an agreeable refrefh-\nment to the whole companies of the fhips, as\nwell officers:;asacommon men*- _ About- the 15th,\nwhen our voyagerS: had reached thar 5-. deg.-; ofr\nN. Lat. the trains aud.ftopms ceafed, ancfthe\nmotionof the billows became lefs tempeftuous*\nThe weather was now ferene, till after th#J\nFrench navigators had pafied the equator,\u00C2\u00A9ii tl|#-\n ROtXNSfof TH&OVOKLD.\n213\n21 ft of November. On the^p3d they caught\ntwo fharks which afforded two meals to the\ncrews, and Shot a curlieu, which was very lean^\nand very much fatigued. Noddies,man-of-war\nbirds, terns, and tropic-birds, began to hover in\nj increafing numbers around them, while they advanced into the fouthern iiemifphere. In the 2\ndeg. of fouthern latitude, the breeze by which\nI they had been for fome time impelled, deferted\nthem ; and only light airs from N. to W. N.\nW. fucceededi|| Afraid of being driven to the\nleeward of the Friendly Ifles, our navigators\navailed themfelves of thefe airs to gain a little\nleafting. Some fharks and fea-birds were, in\nthe mean time, taken, and were ufed at table, as a very agreeable change of food, amid\nphe long ufe of Salted provisions. A heavy fea\n\fttting in from the weft', made their progrefs^\npbout this time, extremely laborious. Their;\nI cordage, rotten by long exppfure, Was conftantly\nbreaking. Blafts of wind, and heavy falls \u00C2\u00A9\u00C2\u00A3\nrain, came On, to incommode their progrefs, tilt\nrfhe 2d of Dec. at which time they were in 1\u00C2\u00A9 deg.\n50 min. of fouthern latitude. The winds thenbe-\n| came gentler, and the Skies more fefene. They\n[ palled #ver the pofition in which Bjron has placed thofe which he calls the tiles of Danger*\nMfifcoyering aught but fea. Nextday, tjiey found\n!*hemfelves in 'ii deg. 34 min. 47 fee. S. Lat. in\n170 deg. 7 min. \u00C2\u00A3 fee. W. Long, the very par-\ntetiet in which Quiros has placed his l#and of\njihe Handsome Nation. But the wind was\nfeverfe to their ruttning down that parallel, for\njthepurpofe of defcrying the ifland. Availing\nthemfelves, therefore, of\" the weftern breeze^\nwhich nowhtew* they fleered toriftie JJaviga-\nm\n \u00C2\u00A7\nLA PEYROUSE S^OYAjCE\ntors' Ifles, fo named by M, de Bougainville. A$\nthree in the afternoon of the 6th of December^\n.they arrived within fight of the moft eaiteni oi\nthefe ifles. They paffed through rhe channel\nbetween (the great and the fmall iiles which -$$j\nde Bougainville left on the foutheTUi fide of hu\ntrack. At. noon, in mid-channel, and 4 at a\nmile's diftance from the Shore>they found their\nlatitude to be 14 deg. 7 min. S.\nThey had feen dwellings on one fide of the\nifle, and a company of Indians, feated in a circle,\nunder fome cocoa-nut trees. Yet the Indians\nlaunched n\u00C2\u00A9 canoes,, nor did they even follow\nthe courfe \u00C2\u00A9f the frigates along the fhore. 4 the\nifland rifes with an abrupt afcent, to the height\nof about two hundred fathoms al|\u00C2\u00A9ve the level\nof the fea. The houfes are fituate in the pofition ofabout fialf way up the afcent. Some\nimall plantations, as was fuppofed, of^ams, tfp-\npeared near the hojife;. At length, \u00C2\u00A7ve canoes\nfet out from the Shore, and, approached the fta>\ntion of the Ships.: eleven others came fr;om a\ndifferent part of the ifle. Having paddled fev#\u00C2\u00AB\nraf times around the Ships, with an air of diftruft,\nthey at laft - offered to exchange^ a few cocoa-\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2nutsfor thofe articles of traffic which the French\nnavigators preferred to them. Theft and fraud\nwere the moft Striking, features in their conduct.\nAfter receiving the price, as many of them as\ncould, Strove to run off, without delivering the\narticle fold. As no bottom could be found in\nthe channel, even with a line of an hundred fathoms, and at lefs.than a mile's diftance from\nthe land ; they renewed their courfe, in order to\ndouble a point, beyond which they had hopes of\nfinding more fafe and Sheltered anchorage. But*\nJ\n ROUND THE WORLD.\na*\nthere/roe eaft wind raifed a i\xongfurf, and-the\ngeoaft was begirt with reefs of rocks. A dead\ncalm of the winds, accompanied with a prodigious fwelling of the waves, threatened, for\njfbme moments, to f abject the two frigates to the\nBanger of running foul of one another. A few\nlight airs happily arising, foon delivered them\nprom this jeopardy. In, the mean time, au old\nchieftain approaching, addreffed them in a long\nharangue, and held out in his hand a branch of\nthe kava plant. The narratives of former navi-\njgators had taught them to interpret this, as a\nifignai of peace.* They pronounced the word,\n\tayo, meaning friend, and threw to him a few\npieces of cloth. The winds at length enabled\nrhem to leave the region of calms. The iflanders, in their canoes, failed along-fide the frigates. Our voyagers could remark, that thefe\n[Canoes, being liable to be overfet every half-\njkonr, would be ufelefs to any-but perfons, who,\npke thefe iflanders, are wont to fwim almoit as\nif waiter were their native element. The middle ftature of thefe people appeared to be about'\nfive feet feven inches. Their colour is nearly\n(MBar to that ofthe natives of the coaft of Bar-\npary. Only two women were obferved among\nthe crowjt. Of thefe^ neither was remarkable\nfar beauty or delicacy of features; and the youn-j\ngerihad, on her leg, a /Shocking ulcer. Several\njet\"'the men had large ulcers, and an apparently\nincipient kprofy Irpon their. perfons.^None of\nthem exhibited a1jlfe\u00C2\u00BBfing eaft of countenance.\nttwo among thefe men had their legs, not only\ncovered with ulcers, but even fwollen to the ilze\nId tjieir todies. f'fWiey approached without\n c&6\nLA PEY'ROUSE'I *$rYjA\u00C2\u00A7E\nfear, although unarmedtfc They went away 5\nand were fuppofed to have gone, not to return.\nIn the afternoon, however, they again came out.\nto traffic. A few fowls, a hog, and a turtledove of Angular beauty, were now obtained\nfrom them. Its body was white ; its head, of\na beautiful purple colour; its wings, green ; its\nbreait, chequered, like the leaves of anemony,\nwith red and black fp\u00C2\u00A9ts. It was tame, and.\nwould eat from the hand and mouth of any per-\nfon offering to feed it. It could not be long\npreferved alive; and after its death, its feathers\nquickly loft all the Splendid beauty of their colours. M. de Langle purchafed from the Indians, two dogs ; which, being killed and roaft-\ned for the table, proved excellent eating. Jj|\nappeared remarkable, that, though capable of\nworkmanihip fo ingenious, as that which appeared in the Structure of their canoes; thefej\npeople rejected the hatchets and other inftru-\nments of iron, which our voyagers offered in ex-|\nchange for frefli provifions. Glafs-beads were!\npreferred by them to all the Stuffs, and to every\nfort of' hard-ware, which were offered. Among\nother things* procured from them, was a wooden J\nveffel, containing cocoa-nut oil, Shaped Hke out *\ncommon earthen pot, and faShioned in a manner which no European workman could execute,\notherwife than *with a turning lathe. Their\nfluffs are of a lefs ingenious texture, than\nthofe of Eafter Ifland and the Sandwich Ifles.\nThar ropes are round and twitted, like our\nWatch-chains : their mats are indeed very\nfine.\nAs this, ifle afforded little to their wants, the\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n2iy\nmm\nFrench navigators foon cong^jpto^-their courfe\nweitward; and crofting a c-.annel, which they\nfound to be much broader than it is reprefented\nin the chart of Bougainville, approached the\nIjppaft of the ifland of Maouna. While they\nwere yet at the diftance of three leagues from^s\nShore, two or tjiree came alongside the frigates,\nwith hogs a.ndTruit, whiten were eagerly ex-\njyehanged for beads.' Approaching to within\nU^jdf.a league of the fhore; they perceived it to\nbe furrounded with a reef of coral, on which the\n_\u00C2\u00ABfea broke with great violence. In the creeks,\"\n. formed by various projections qtihe coaft, there\nwas room, as it feemed, for the reception of\ntheir barges and long-boats, .jit the bottom,\nflood villages,, A multitude Qf canoes, with\n[ hogs, cocoatnuts, and other fruits, foon came\nOut, and, for glaCs-toys, furnifhed the frigates\nwith abundance of frcfh provisions. Water\nwas feen to fall In cafcades from the fummitsof *\nthe mountains, and fp pafs /from the different\nvillages into die channel. ~& Allured by fo many\nadvantages, the French navigators brought their\nveffels to anchor, at the diftance of a mile from\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2the Shore, in thirty fathoms depth of water, over\na bank of rotted Shells, with a jjery little coral.\nSn-t^^ilt^tion, however, they were protected\njOuly from the eafterly winds ; but the road/lead\nwas, in all other refpects, fo bad, that the frigates, to the gfreat anxiety of theirmaftei's, rolled\nas if they had been in die open fea.\nNext morning* the two commanders deter-\nminedSo make the utmoft haftem procuring\nwliat they wanted from the iu^, and tQ/fet fall in\nJ-ne afternoon. ~3y the dawnj^ sday, the iflanders came around the frigates, in no fewer than\n LA PEYROUSE I VOYAGE\ntwo hundred canoes laden withfreih provifions.\nAxes, cloth, and every article of traffic, fave\nbeads, were ftill difdained by them. One part\n\u00C2\u00A9f the crews were employed to manage this traj* i\nfie, and to reprefs the forwardnefs with which\nthe iflanders urged themfelves updh* the Ships;\nwhile the reft filled the boats~with empty caSks,\nand prepared to go afhore for water. Meffrs. de\nClonard and Colinet, commanding the boats of\nLa Bouffole, with Meffrs. de Monti and Belle-\ngarde, conducting thofe of L' Aftrolabe, fet out,\nat five o'clock in the morning, for a bay which\nwas about a league diftant from the Station of\nthe Ships. M. de la Peyroufe, for purpofes of\n\u00C2\u00A9bfervation and inquiry, followed almoft immediately, In his pinnace; and M. de Langle,\nin his jolly-boat, made an excurfion to another\n\"hay about a league beyond the watering place.\nThe creek to w4iich the long boats repaired for\nwater, was large and commodious ; all the boats\nremained afloat, at low water, within a piftol-\nUiot of the beach.ft The frefh water was eaflly\nprocured, and wa6 excellent in its quality^? A\nline of foldiers, potted between the beach, and\nthat crowd of natives which gathered round,\nwere eaflly able to maintain good order* The\nnatives, men, women, and children, fuffered\nthemfelves to be pertuaded to fit down under 4\ngrove of cocoa-trees, at a fmall diftance from\nthe boats. , Pigeons, parrots, and other fowls,\nhogs, and fruit, were eagerly offered for fale.\nThe women, \u00C2\u00A9f whom Some were harfdfome,\nmade offer of their favours to all who had beao*s\nto pay for them. The women at -laft found\nlittle difficulty in breaking through the line of\nFrench foldiers. Confufion was beginning'to\n HOUND THE WORLD.\n2L\narife. But, fome of the insiders, who feemed\nto be chiefs, happily interfering, reftorsjC order\nby an alert ufe of their Sticks One of the natives, who had matched a mallet from the item,\nor the boat, and had aimed with it feveral blows*\nat the back and arms \u00C2\u00A9f fome of the failors,\nwas, by the command of M. de la Peyroufe,.\nSeized -, and eaft to fwim about in the fea. The\nnatives in general, being taller and Stouter built\nmen than the French, feemed to look upon their\nvisitors with a certain degree of contempt. To\nimprefs them with more refpectfjiL notions of\nthe power that he was able to exert againft\nthem, M. de la Peyroufe purchafed three pigeons, ordered them tobe thrown up in the air, and\nShewed the multitude, how eafily they could be\nbrought to the ground by the unfeen impulfe of\na bullet fhot from a piftol or a mufket.\nWhile the cafks were filled with water, M.\nde la Peyroufe proceeded to villt a charming\nvillage, at the diftance of about two hundred\nyards from the beach. It flood in the mid ft of\na fpacious grove of fruit trees. The houfes o\u00C2\u00A3\nthe village were arranged in a circle which might\nbe an hundred and fifty toifes in diameter. The\narea which they inclofed, was carpeted with a\nrich verdure and fhaded by trees. Women,\nchildren, and old men, gathered round, the ii\u00C2\u00AB\nluftrious Stranger, and invited him to enter the *\nhoufes. He entered one which appeared as if\nit were the dwelling houfe of fome chief. Mats\n\u00C2\u00A9f extraordinary finenefs and freihnefs, were\nfprcad on the floor : The floor itfelf wascompo-\nfed of fmall pebbles, and raifed about.two feet\nabove the common level ofthe ground. Among\nother articles of furniture, M. de laPeyrQufevre-\n q$o\nLA PEYROUSE S\" VOYAGE\nmarked, with furprize, a cabinet of latufc&wort^\nfuch as could not have been more elegantly executed at Paris. The building terminated in an\ncllipfls, the curve of which could not have been\nmore handfomely fafhioned under the direetiens\nof any European architect. A row of pillars,\nat equal distances of five feet from one another,\nformed a complete colonade round the whole.\nThe pillars were formed of the trunks of trees,\nhandfomely wrought: And between them hung\nmats, the cords of which were adapted to move\nthem up and down, at pleafure. The roof of\nthe houfe was covered with leaves of the cocoa-\npalm-tree.\nThe foil of thisVffle is fertile without culture ;\nand the climate fuch as to render clothing little\nneceffary. The bread-fruit, the cocoa-nut, the\nbanana, the guava, and the orange tree, grow\nhere Spontaneously, antral!! the1' greatest abundance. Dogs, hogs, and fowls,, fed upon the\nfuperfluous plenty of thefe fruits, aiTord a fuffi-\ncient variety of rich and delicate anihial-food.\nThe wants of thefe toeople are confequently\nfew. Iron, and instruments of direct utility,\nthey, therefore, difdained ; and accepted onif^\nbeads, objects of fanciful decoration.?f More\nthan two hundred wood-pigeons, with a number of beautiful parroquets and turtle-doves,\nwere among the animals obtained from them.\nThefe fowls were all tame, and Shewed thefe\niflanders to have made a greater progrefs than\nthe inhabitants of the Sandwich Ifles, in the domestication of the winged part of the creation.\nHad it not been for the ferocious expreflioh in\ntheir countenances, and the fears On their bodies,\nit would have been natural to cdincliide, that a\n ROUND TK& WORLD.\n12X\npeople, Seated amidft external circumstances- fo**\npropitious, muft live in^gerfect innoce nee, felicity, and beneficence^ j\nDuring this vifit, fome trivial quarrel^ arofe\namong individuals of the French and individuals\nfrom among the iflanders ^but^oo general disagreement vJlook place. An iflander had attempted to fnatch awayj&e fabre of M. de Mon-\nneron -> but, having pulled off, unwittingly, the\nfcabbard, ran away, affrighted, at fight of the\nnaked blade. Others threw (tones at M. Rol-\nlin, the furgeon-raajor to the expedition^ A=\ngeneral turbulence,- inhofpitality of fpirit, and\nin Subordination to their chiefs, were plainly feen?\nto be very diftihguiihing features in the character of yhefe people. But,, the prudence and\npatience of the French avoided all extremities*\nAbout noon, the Frenchmen left the ifle and returned in their boats, .on board the frigates.\nThefe were furrouiided withcanoes. Seven or\neight of the iflanders were on the quarter-deck *\nof La Bouffole. And thefe people were behav-\njlng here with a boldnefs, a rudenefs, and atufijpa\nbulence, exceedingly troubjefome* One of the/-*1,\nmen on the quarter-deck^ was pointed out as a\nchief. His authority had contributed already,\nfomewhat to reftrain the petulance of the re&:\nSome prefents were offered to hinpr^ and the\npower of the French fire-arms was exhibited be*,\nfore him Jput without excising his admirationyor\nimpreffing him with awe. , MSBS^p:\nOrdersfwereSnow %iven for the frigates to\nweigh anchor md get under fail. But, M. de\nLangle, having been greatly charmed with the\nfcene at which he had landed ; defired, with\ngreatearaeitnefs, that the frigates Should flemdf\n t%%\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\n'\noff antkjpn at a league's distance from the Shore,\n^titt he^might with a paity, revifit that bay, and\nprocure an additional quantity of frefh water\nfrom the limpid Streams which poured into it,\nM. de Langle had a veiy ftrong partiality for\n'water freSh from theftream or fountain, as being\n\"much more falutary to thofe who mould ufe it,\nthan water which had been long preferved in\nbarrels Oh board a Shipv|\u00C2\u00A3 Provisions, too, were\nfifheTe to be obtained in an abundance in which\nroey could fcarcely be expected, elfe^here.\nFive hundred hogs, a great number of fowls, a\nlarge quantity of fruit, had been procured at the\ntrivial price of a few glafs-beads. With great\nrcleftance, on aeeeunt Of the dlforderly con-\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2i3uct ofthe iflanders, M. de fe Peyroufe agreed\nto await trH M. de Langle Should acccm|*fjtfri hffrj\npurpofe. During the night, the tW\u00C2\u00A9 frigates\nhovered under fail, at a fmall diftance from the\nmore of the ifle. At day-break, there fucceeded\na calm, after aftotmyand uncertain night. About\nnine o'dock, a gentle breeze from the N. W.\nenabled them to advance the frigates again nearly to the ifle. At eleven, they were ^thin a\nleague of it. Two boats from La Bonfl'ble, widil\nfc \"barg^Nrnd fong-boat of L'Aftrolabe, Were,\n'dphoutaeiay, fent alhore, under the command\nof M. de Langle, and having on board Meifrs.\nl!e Lamanon, Colinet, Vaujuas, le Gobien, de\nla JftattMe're, Lavaux, Receveur, with a number of fuch of the common, nfeh out of both\nfews, as Iran! begun to be affected with the\nflurry, amcurrrmg, in all, to Sixty-one perfeni^\nSix SwSeFs were mounted upon.^ne longboats*\nand tr^e men were armed with ctrtlaSes and\ninu&ds*.; Gifet numbers of canoes, in the\n ROUND THE-WORLD.\n223\nmean time, came around the Ships for the fake\nof traffic; and the people wore, in their cou8--|\ntenances- and manners, an air of gaiety and con*\nhdence, which tended to remove every fufrnk\nxi\u00C2\u00A9n of hostilities to be offered ff6m them.\nAt a quarter after one o'clock, the boats reached the Shore. What had been fuppofed a capacious bay, was found to be but a creek full of\nCoral rocks, and prefenting noacceflible paffage,\nfeve a winding channel of 25 feet in width.\nWithin that channel the boats had but three\nfeet of water. The long-boats-'ran a-ground.\nThe barges-were kept a-float, by being hauled\nto a confiderable diftance from roe beach. The\ntide was now at ebb^fflt had been in flood, when\nthis fcene was, on the preceding day, examined\nhy M. de Langle. f\u00C2\u00A7Difappointed in regard to the\nff ate of thebay, M. de Langle would havereturn\u00C2\u00AB\ned immediately to the creek, without accompliih-\n\"ing his firft j^r|>ofe, had it not been for thejgen-\ntlenefs and order which appeared to diftinguifh\nthe natives, m the on%rs which they now made,\nto trade with the Frenchmen, as well fropb:\nthe boats as at the Sm^sJfrHe fent the water-cafks\non Shore. The foldfers were arranged in two\nlines, to protect an.avenue ofjfcaflagebetween\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2the watering-place and thfe fea-beach. Water\nWas, without delay taken in ; and thMcafks be-}\nihg filled, were feccefsfully conveyed on boar da\nthe boats.' But, in the mean time, tn% nam*\nbersof the natives who furrounded the Frenchmen at their tafk, were prodigioufly augmente&i\nPetty thefts; attempts to%ize, by open force,,\nwhat they could not fecretly Steal y with vaa-\n6us acts Of wanton infolence arid mifehief^began to befpeak the content of t$e nativefi as\ntytU for the ftrengthantf&mbersoithe Frendi-\n,\n LA. PEYROUSE S VOYAJG1\nmen, as for,the^laws of benevolence and hofpv\ntaiity. . A brifk traffic ftill went on ; and the favours of the women were, with enough of wari-\nt-on eagerneSs, both offered and accepted. The\nIflanders iufenfibly proceeded, on the fhore, to\naffail the Strangers with Showers of Stones ; while\nothers of them, entering the water, attempted\nto feize and pillage - the boats. To fco&ie the\ninfolence and rapacity of the natives, a few\nbeads were distributed to fome few of them, who\nappeared to poffefs a fuperior authority among\nthe reft. Thofe who were overlooked in the\ndistribution, became, for this, fo much the\nM. de Langle was on board\nmore outrageous.\nhis boat,;: and the fire-arms were ready to be\ndifeharged. But, reluctant to proceed to extremities, which Should \u00C2\u00A9ecafion an effuiion of\nbood ; he declined the ufe of the fire-arms, till,\nat Ieait, the whole party Should have come on;\nboard the boats. The natives faw there all en*-\nter their boats, without offering any fatal violence. i^JBut when they faw the boats ftioved off\nfrom the beach, and were aware, that the Strangers, with ail their beads hadalmoit efcaped un-\npillaged, and without having-tranfacted, at this\ntime, any confiderable traffic; their- rapacity\nand rage were then raifed to the utmoft height*\nhey threw ftones, rufhed in great numbers into the water to ftay the boats, and made aferiV\n\u00C2\u00A9us anddefperate holt ile attack upon the French\nfailoriri Orders were given to oppofe them\nwith a difcharge of mufquetry, and, at the famf\ntime, to ufe the utmoft expedition in removing\nthe boats beyond their reach\". A few of the\niflanders fell. But the prodigious Superiority era\ntheir numbers ;.{ their nearnefs to the boats f\".\nfheir great Strength and dexterity in hurling;\n ROUND THE WOfLD.\n225\nItHbfe huge Stones, which they employed as their\nmiflife weapons ; together with the Surprize and\nconfufion of the French ; made it impoffible for\nthefe to refift the orifet of the inhofpitr.ble iflanders, without fuffering themfelves in the Skir'-\nmifh. M. de Langle, with the matter of arms,\nand the carpenter belonging to his Ship, were\nbeaten down from the bow of the long-boat in\nwhich they Stood ; and were the firft who fell.\nM. de Langle perifhed under the fury of the af-\nfailants ; the two who fell with him, were fuffer-\ned to efcapc. The iflanders, in a few\" minutes,,\nmade themfelves matters of the two boats which\nwere the neareft to the beach. Eleven others\nof the boats' crews perifhed with M. de Langle.\nAmong thefe was the unfortunate M. de Lamanon, naturaiift to the expediton. While the\niflanders bufied themfelves in plundering the\nlong-boats, which they had feized ; the furviv-\nitrg Frenchmen threw overboard the water\ncafks which had been conveyed into the two\nbarges; and all found means to efeape, although\nthe long-boats were loft. Having in vain torn up\nthe feats of the long-boats, in fearch of the riches which they fuppofed to be hidden in them j\nthe iflanders turned themfelves to attack the\nbarges, when they faw them moveoff with difficulty. A difcharge of fire-arms killed\"a few\nof them ; and, ere the reft could approach, the\nbarges were beyond the reach of their purfuit.\nIt was five o'clock in the evening when the fur-\nvivors came on board the Ships, with news ofthe\ndifafter which had cut off their companions.\nNumbers of the natives were at that time around\nthe Ships in canoes ; and it was not without\nextreme difficulty that M. de la Peyroufe could.\n \n2*\ni6\nLA PEYRCUSE'S VOYAGE .\nreftrain the foldiers and failors, on board r]g\u00C2\u00A3|\nfrigates, from taking fudden vengeance for the\nmurder of their flaughtered comrades, by the de^ j\nft ruction of all the canoes around them. One\nof the iflanders, who happened to be on the quarter deck, wasarrefted, and, for a time, detained\nin irons, but was fuffered, next day, to make his\nefcape, by leaping overbear d,|b A mid ft theirin-\ndignation for the fate of their companions, M.\nde la Peyroufe-, with his officers, and the whole\nShips' companies, would willingly have inflicted\nSignal vengeance on the perfidious iflanders \\nbut it was impoffible to anchor within a gun\nShot's distance from the village; and when all\ncircumftauces had been duly considered, it was.\nthought more prudent to forego the defired revenge, than to incur new inconvenience or danger. On the following day fome \u00C2\u00A9f the iflanders\nhad even the audacity to venture out, towardjfc\nthe Ships, in their canoes, with hogs, pigeons,\nand cocoa-nuts for barter. When their offers\nof this traffic were rejected, they then accofted\nthe French with fportive raillery. With difficulty, la Peyroufe fuppreffed his indignation,\nand would not fuffer them to be fired upon.'\nOther canoes came out, feemingly with hoftile\npurpofe to join them, A Shot then fired from a\nblunderbufs, taught them to refpect the rage\nof the French fire-arms. 'And*thev all fled, with\n,4 \u00E2\u0096\u00A0'\none accord to the fhore. Beilde thofe of the\nFrench who had loft their lives in the affray\nwith the iflanders, twenty others were wounded. Affliction of the deepeft and moft poignant character, reigned, for fome time, on board.\nthe frigates. At laft, on the 14th, they Steered\n1\n ROUND TfcE WORLD.\n227\nawi^ from the fatal, inhofpitable Sliores of Maou-\nna.\nThe perfons whom they had here loft, were\nMeffrs. \u00C2\u00BB\u00C2\u00A3 Langle, poft-captain and commander ;-; Yves Humeri, John Redelieg, Francis\nFerret, Laurence Robin, and a Chinefe fea-\nman ; all belonging to L'Aftrolabe.\n[ Meffrs. De Lamanon, naturalift ; Peter Ta\u00C2\u00AB\n|jp, gunner ; Andrew Roth and jofeph Ravs,\nquarter-gunners, from La Bouffole.\nOn the 14th of December, departing from the\nfatal coaft of Maouna, the French navigators\ntook their courfe acrofs a channel five leagues in\nwidenefs, towards the fpacious and fertile ifle\nof Oyolava. At the diftance of three leagues\nfrom its N. E. point, they were furrounded by a\ngreat multitude of Oyolavan canoes, which were\nladen, for barter, with bread-fruit, cocoa-nuts,\nbananas, fugar-canes, pigeons, hogs, &\u00E2\u0082\u00AC. In\ndrefs, features, and tallnefs of ftature, the people of Oyolava fo nearly refembled thofe of\nMaouna, that, at fight of them, the indignation\nof the French failors for the fate of their murdered companions was awakened anew. M. de\nla Peyroufe, however, quieted thofe angry emotions which had almoft prompted his people to\n\"hostilities, at the firft fight of the Oyolavans.\nA commerce of exchange commenced, and was\ncarried on with great brifknefs, and^with mutual fatisfaction, between the French and the ilT\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nauders.\" In the courfe of it, the French were\nmore careful than they had hitherto been, to re-\nprefs, by threats, and even by blows, every attempt at theft, fraud, or violence, on the part\nofthe natives: and this conduct was attended\nwith .good effects. In the afternoon, the frig-\n LA PEVROUSE's VOYAGE\nates apprtJtacbe^.a part ofthe ifle, which prefent-\ned the largeft village, perhaps, that is to be feen\nin all the iflands of the South Sea. It confrfts\nof houfes irregularly fcattered over a very ex*-\n. tenfive and gently inclining plain ; and afcend^-\ning even upwards to the very fummit of the\nmountain, which rifes beyond the plain, and retires inwards to the middle of the ifle. The\nfmoke hovering over the village, feemed as if it\nrofe from fome great city. The people, who\ncameoutinthe canoes,wereentirely unacquainted\nwith iron. A (ingle bead was to them, preferable to a nail fix inches long, or to an hatchet..\nSome of them had agreeable features. Their\nhair was bound up with a fort of green ribband*\nand adorned with flowers. Their form was\nhandfome; and every thing in their whole at 1\npect befpoke fweetnefs of temper, and gem\ntlenefs of manners. The billows broke all\naround the beach with a violence which made it\n\"hot fafely accefhple on the north-fide of the ifle.\nIn the dufk of the evening, the canoes had retired ; and the French navigators faifcd onwaTd%\n\"ftill at no great diftance from the coaft of the\nifle. A aVad calm prevailed during the next\nday, wi|h frequent flafhes of lightning, which\nwere followed by thunders and rains. It feemed\nprobable, that, on this day, the people of OtpltK\nva had received notice ofthe late unhappy events\nat Maouna. On the 17th, when the frigates\ncame over-againft the ifland of Pqla, no canoes\ncame out te v^'fit them : and from this, it was\nconcluded, that the people of Pola had likewife\nbeen informed of the quarrel af Maouna, and\nwere afraid of fuffering from the refentment of\nthe Frene^,.ifthey ffioutd put themfelves within\n 'KOttKD THE WORLD.\n4)tf*t\nslhefr. power. Pol a is a beautiful ifle, fomewhat\n^huttler than Oyolava, from which ft is fepara-\nlated by.a channel, only four leagues in widenefs.\n^tnthe channel are two iflets.; one of which is\n-covered with wood, and perhaps occupied by\n||fome inhabitants. The north coaft of Pola is inacceffible to Shipping : But after doubling its wef-\n-tern point, the mariner will enter a fmooth fita,\n^'itebtch may probably afford excellent road-fieads.\npPhefe ifles are ten in number; Opoun, Leone,\n*Fanfoue,:Maouna, Oyolava, Caluaffe, Pola, Shi-\nt^ta, Offamo, and Overa. The relative bearings,\nof thefe different ifles, the French navigators\ncould not from the information of the natives,\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2TatisfajQorily afcertain. Opoun, the moft fouth-\n*erly, is in 14 deg. 7 min. S. Lat. in 171 deg. 27\nmin. 7 fee. W. Long. It has been fuppofed that,\n^thefe are -the fame ifles which* were difcovered\nby Roggetven, in the year 1721, and by him denominated Beauman's Iflands. But every cir-\nicumftance led M. de la Peyroufe, and his companions, to regard this fuppofition as groundlefs,\nsmd to confider them as ifles unknown to European navigators, till the voyage of Bougainville.\nThe natives of thefe ifles are a remarkably\n\"tallj-robuft, and well-proportioned race of men.\nIn comparifon with the French navigators, they\nfeemed to be, juft fuch as Danifh horfes are, in\nicomparifon with thofe of France They are\nnaked ; but have the body painted or tattooed in\na manner that gives mem the appearance of\nhaving clothes. On their loins they bind a\ngirdle entwined of fea-weeds. They wear the\nhair long, and twitted round the head. They are\n-exceedingly ferocious and quarrelfome. The\nforms of 4he women are tall, fieudetj md not\n \u00C2\u00A33\u00C2\u00B0\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\ntingraceful. But, among all whom the French\nnavigators faw, there was not more than three\nwhom they could consider as being truly beautiful and handfbme^ifTheir manners are, in (he\nhighefl and moft difgufting degree, wanton and\nImmodeft. The three beauties, who attracted\nthe notice of the ftrangers, were readily profti-\ntuted to their luft. Of a bafaltic ftone, thefe people form tools for working in wood, whUlb, even\nin comparifon with the European instruments of\niron, are far from contemptible. Some wooden\ndifhes were obtained from them, in exchange\nfor glafs-beads, the polifhing of which was not at\nall lefs perfect, than if it had been effected with\nan European turning-loom. The mats, and\nfome paper-ftuffs, which thefe people manufacture, are exceedingly beautiful, and of a very ingenious texture. Their language appears to be\na particular dialect of that which is fpoken in\nthe Society and in the Friendly Ifles. A perfon\nfrom the province of Tagayan, in the north of\nthe ifland of Luconia, understood, and explained to the French navigators, in whofe fervice he\nwas, moft of the words which he had heard fpoken at the Navigators' Ifles. From this fact, it\nShould feem that thefe people are, by defcent,\nMalays: and the language which they fpeak,\nthe Malayan. Among from fifteen to eighteen\nhundred, whom the French voyagers faw, to the\nnumber of about thirty feemed* to be chiefs.\nThefe endeavoured to exercife a fort of authori-<\n| ty, but were very icarelefsly obeyed. They have\nbeen very properly named by M. de Bougainville, Navigators. They fcarcely ever perform any change of place, otherwife than by water, arid in their canoes.frrTheir villages are fit*;.\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n2U\nuatedjjin creeks, clofe on the Shore, And they\nhave no internal roads from one to another of\nthem. All of thefe ifles, which the French voyagers vifited, were covered, to the very tops of\nthe interior hills, with fruit-trees. Wood-pi-\ngeons, turtle-doves, parraquets, blackbirds, par-\nI&idges, of very beautiful and Angular varieties,\nwere very numerous among thefe woods. About\n.the houfes were great numbers of tame wood-\npigeons. Their canoes have outriggers, and are\ngenerally of .a fize incapable to contain more,\nthan five or fix perfons; thoughfome indeed wilt,\nadmit to the number of fourteen. Their courfe\nis not exceedingly rapid; under-fail, not more\nthan feven, knots an hour; rowing, was fuch, that\nthey could not keep way with the French frigate, failing at the rate of only four miles an hour.\nSometimes two of their canoes are joined into\none, by means of a tranfverfe piece of wood, in\nwhich is put a Step to receive a mail. The fails\nare of matting, extended by a fprit. The fvveen-\nnet, and the hook and line, are their only instruments for fifhing. Their baits are of mother-of-\npearl and of white Shells, very fkilfully wrought..\nThe baits are in the form of a flying fiih, and\nhave a hook of tortoife-fhell attached to them,\nwhich is of Sufficient Strength to drag out a tunny, boneta, or dorado. Thefe ifles feem to be\nall of volcanic origin. On the beach appeared,\nno Stones, but pieces cf lava,. bafaltes, or co*ah-\nla all the creeks, the fides are ufually filled up\nwith coral, which leaves in the middle juft a\nnarrow channel, fuificient to admit the canoes-\nto pafs-and repafs.. Thefe canoes are fo light,,\nas to be eafiiy borne, one on the Shoulders of\n:two.men^. Nor ar& they ufually left in the wa*f\n LA - PEYROUSE S OTYA&\nA-Jfc'Dt\u00C2\u00AB\n^r, but depoS&ed undef the Shade of trees sea\nthe dwellings. NoTituatiOSscanine:more agreed-\nable than thofe of the villages in thefe ifles. r\u00C2\u00A3ty&\nhoufes Stand on the banks of .Streamlets descending from the hillsj under the Shade of fruit-trees,-\nby the fides of path-ways leading into the interior parts of the ifles. Each houfe is fufficiently\nfpaciousto lodge even feveral families. Thejt\nhave moveable doors or windows, which are let.\ndown to exclude the fun, and pulled up, on the\n\u00C2\u00A9ppofite fide, to admit the frefh breezes. Hogs,,\n$ogs, fowls, birds, and fifties, furnifh a rich\nabundance.of animal food to the inhabitants of\nthefe ifles. The cocoa, the guava, the banana-\ntree, with another tree which bears a chefnut-\n]ike fruit,, that is roafted for eating, fupply an*\nabundance of wholefome fruits, ougar-cainesy\n. of an inferior quality, grow fpontaneoufly en the^\nbanks of the rivers. In Maouna, Meflrr. Mar-'\ntinierc and Collignon made a Short botanical excursion. But the natives exacted a glafs-bead\nfor every plant they gathered; and, even under4\nthis condition, would .^hardly permit them to*\nbring off what they collected, in fafety. Clubs,\n-arrow-like lances, and Stones which they were\nDrilled to throw with great force and dexterity,\nwere the offensive weapons cf thefe people.\nThe population of thefe ifles is probably very\nconfiderable in proportion to their extent. Ma-*\nouna, Pola, and Oyolava, are certainly among*\nthe moft beautiful of all the ifles ofthe Southern\nOcean. M. de la Peyroufe would gladly have!\ngone afhore oa Pola. But, after fuch experience of the inhofpitable temper of the natives,\nit would be imprudent to fend any part of the\ncrews afhore, unarmed; and fo Strong were ftill\n KOUND THE WO'&iafc*\nJtffe refentmentsof the Sailors, that going on>\nland with arms in their hands, they hardly could4\n*have refrained from employing thefe againit the\niflanders, even without new provocation. For\nthisreafon M. de la Peyroufe refolved not against\nto eaft anchor, till he Should reach Botany Bay.\nAfter failing along the weftern coaft of Pola,j\nthe French navigators loft fight of iand. They\nendeavoured to fail in a S. S. E. direction. An*\n-E. S. E. wind, at firft, oppofed their progrefs.-*\nIts Shifting, however, foon fuffered them to\nmake way agreeably to their /withes. On the\n20th they came within, fight of a round ifle, pre~-\noifely S. from Oyolava, and about forty leagues\ndiftant from, it* On the day following, they\narrived within two leagues of its coaft^Two*\nother ifles were now alfo defcried, to the fouth--\nward ; w^ichplainly appeared to be the Cocoa-\n'and Traitor Iflands of Schouteml Cocoa-If|and\ntowers up to a great elevation, in the^rm of a\nfugar-ioaf. It is nearly a leqgue in diameter *\nand trees cover it up to; the-very fummit. A\nchannel, of about three league* in breadth, intervenes between this;and Traitor's Ifle:which is\nlow and flat, with only one hill of moderate\nheight in the middle^ - A channel, about an\nhundred and fifty fathoms wide at its mouth, in-\nterfects thisifle into two^jpts, fo that it is pro- -\nperly two ifles,: not one, as has been hitherto\nfancied. The weather was unfavourable;. and-\nno canoe cameout immediately from Traitor's\nIfland. The frigates hovered near during the\nevening: at eight o'clock in the morning, they\napproached to within two miles of the bottom of-\na.fandy bay. About twenty canoes foon left\nthe- Shore, and approached the frigates. They)\nBBS\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\n LA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nwere laden for barter, with excellent cocoa-nuts^:\nand with a few bananas and yams. One brought\na hog, with a few fowls. The people appeared\nplainly to hifve had no previous acquaintance\nwith Europeans. They approached without |\nfear or fufpicion, and readily exchanged their\nprovisions for bea*ds, nails, and different piecesip\nof iron. They had every one two joints cut off&\nfrom the little finger of the left-hand. In oth-1\ner refpects, their afpect and manners differed\nlittle front thofe of the people of the Navigators' ISIevJI Their Stature was however, lower,\nand their form lefs robuit. The French navWsji\ngators, in their intercourfef witarthefe Indians,\nthought proper to act with more of fpirit and\nvigour than they had hitherto fhown. They' j\nrepreffed every act of theft or injuftlce, would \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\nnot fuffer their vf&rors t\u00C2\u00A9 come \u00C2\u00A9n board, and\nShewed what power their arms gave them, tc^ij\npuniih every act of hoft^ty or frauds? On the\n23d, at noon, while they were trafficking with\nthefe Indians, a fudden blait from the W. S.rf|\nW. difperfed the canoes, overturning many offlj\nthem, but without \u00C2\u00A9ecafioning any ferious mif-\nchief to thofe who failed in them. Although ,\nthe weather was thus i&ifavouraWe, yet the\nFrench voyagers failed not to make .the circuit :\nof the ifle, and to furvey aM ife poin'ri&# At fbbt^*\nin the afterno\u00C2\u00A9!^ they renewed their progrefs,-\nSteering S. S* E. of purpof& to examine fuch of\nthe Friendly Iflfc's to the north of Inamooka, as\nhad been left unexplored by Cook.\n w r\nIHS^D THE WORE\u00C2\u00A9.\nCH A P. XII.\nay\nNarrative of the Voydge continued, from the 2g.d\nof December 17 8 7, to the end of January 1788.\nCourfe from the Navigator^, ifles to Botany-\nBay. Account ofthe Ijland of Vavao. . Traffic with the people of Tongataboo. DefcripHon\nof Norfolk Ifland, &c.^M\nSTORMY night fucceedmg the day of\n!their departure from Traitor\u00C2\u00AE Ifland, retarded\nland endangered their- progrefs^ Such of the\ncrew a$ had begun, to-feel an incipient fcurvy^\njnow fuffefred exceedingly from the moifture in\nthe atmoiphere^ A man of the name of David,\nthe gun-room cook, died of a fcorbutic dropfy*\nMolaiTes and fpruce-beer, are confidered as the\nmoft efficacious preferyative againft fcurvyimln\nIthefe hot climates, the companies continued to\ndrihk thefe articles at the rate of a bottle a-day\njto.ea'ch perfoh, with half a point of wine, and a\nfmall glafs of brandy, greatly diluted with water.\nThe hogs obtainedUtiD THE WORLD.\n2 39\npujf* Beautiful orchards, and trees Skirting\npefis of charming verdure, appeared over the\n(whole interior furface of the iile. Not a Single\npill was t\u00C2\u00A9 be feen ; all was flat, as the furface\npf the fea in a calm. The huts of the natives\n[ivere fcattered over the fields, not collected in-\n0 viffages. Seven or eight canoes were fcon\naunched out from the ifle, and bent their courfe\n\u00C2\u00A9wards the Ships. But thev were ill naviga-\nfed ; and, though the water was fmooth, could\nn come clofe to the frigates. J|At the diftance\n1 eight or ten fathoms, trie iflanders leaped\njverboard from their canoes, and fwam to the\n[tench Ships. In their hands they held cocoa-\njuts, which they very honeftly gave in exchange\npr hatchets, nails, and other bits of iron. Mu-\nhal confidence, to a very high degree, foon\n|>ok place between thefe iflanders and the French\nbyagers. A young man among the former,\nLying, that-he was the (on of Feonou, obtained\nji this account, various prefents, with which\n|; appeared to be exceedingly gratified. He\n:ged the Strangers to come to an anchor at the\nore of the ifle ; promiling that they Should\nere obtain provifions in great abundance.\njhefe iflanders, in general, were noify, but\n[ithout that ferocity which marked the manors of the natives of the Navigators' Ifles.\nbey are inferior, alfo, in Size and vigour, to\n|e people of the Navigators' Ifles. They ap-\nlared to poffefs no arms but patow patows :\nd thefe were fe fmall, that feveral of them\nrich the Frenchmen bought, weighed not\npre than one third of the weight of a patow\nUow from Maouna. Thefe people, as well as\nbfe of Cocoa and Traitor Ifles, are wont to\noff two joints from the little finger, in token\n 4B2L3\nLA PEYR^USE^S^VOYAGTE\nof forrow for the lofs of near relations. Allihe\nIntercourfe between the Frenchmen and the\npeople of Tongataboo was confined to !a\u00C2\u00A3N6ngle\nviflt. The refreshments obtained, were very\n-flight. The aftronomical obfervations which wefre\nhere made by M. Dagelet, coincided nearly with\nthofe of Cook. On the lit of January,hope-\nlefs of obtaining here a fuSficient fupply of pro-\nvifions, our navigators rcfolved to continue theM\ncourfe, without farther delay, towards 'the Wl\nS. W. and to proceed to Botany Bay, by a traci\nwhich no navigator had as yet purfued. The\nwind, however, Shifting from N. to W. S. W.\nobliged them to Stretch fouthward. On the\nmorning of the 2d of January 1788, they per*\neeived the Ifle of Pylftaart, the difcovery \u00C2\u00A9j\nTafman. Its greatest breadth is a cpiarter of*\nleague. Itisfteep.; on its north eaft fide are.g\nfew trees;' it can only ferve as a retreat im\naquatic birds. Its latitude was found by M\nDagelet to be 22 deg. 22 min. S. For threi\ndays, the French frigates weredetained by calms\nwithin fight of this ifle. ItOn the 6th, the trade-\nwind sarofe from the eaft; the Skies were data\nened ; and the billows began to roll tempeftf\noufly high. Thefe breezes, accompanied witl\nheavy rains, and an obfcure horizon, continue!\nto blow till the Sth. Steady and ftrong bree\nzes then arofe from the north-eaft to the fouth\noaft ; the weather became dry; and the fe\nwas excessively agitated. When they had pal\nfed the latitudes of all the ifles, the-winds re\nfumed their regular courfe. The temperatut\nof the air became now alfo colder. On the 13t\nthey arrived within fight of Norfolk Ifland, an\n\u00C2\u00A9f two other iflets lying contiguous to its font!\nJ\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n41\n|ertt extremity. Approaching its coaft, they\nrfound the water fufficiently fmooth ; and were\ntherefore induced to eaft anchor in twenty-four\nfathoms depth of water, over a bottom of hard\nfand and coral. Clofe upon the Shore of the\nile, the fea was f Jen to break with fury. WM. de\nClonard was therefore fent out to difcover,\nwhether the boats might not find fafe Shelter behind fome of the rocks which Skirted the coaft.\nHe flood towards a fort of inlet between two\n;=points at the northern extremity of the N. E.\ncoaft \u00C2\u00A9fthe ifle. But a fyrf, breaking on the\nrocks, was foon found to render that inlet inacceffible. They coafted along within half a muf-\nket-fhot from the fhore, for the fpace of haif-a-\nleague, but itiii without finding a fing'e Spot\nwhere they might land. A natural wall of lava\nwas feen to Surround the. ifle. The lava ap-\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0apearing;to have ?Nwed from the fummit of the\nmountain, to have cooled in its defcent, and to\nhave formed a fort of roof, projecting feveral\nfeet over the coaft of the iile. Even if they\n-could have landed, yet, it would have'been impoffible t\u00C2\u00A9 penetrate into the interior parts of\nkhe ifle, otherwife than by Stemming fome rapid\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2torrents, which had formed ravines for the fpace\nof fifteen or twenty toifes. Beyond thefe natural barriers, pines, and a rich and verdant herbage, covered the face of the ifle. From the\n{hip, M. de la Peyroufe anxicufiy -watched with\nhis telefcope the progrefs of the boats. At the\nfall of night, feeing that they had found no fit\nplace for debarkation, he made 1 Signal to re-\ncal them. Soi&aftxfifcpraers were given for\nthe Ships to ge\ntael\n\u00C2\u00BBi-\nh. A Signal from\nL;'Aftrolabe, at this time, gave the alarm that\n 242\nLAfEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nihe was on fire. A boat was inftantly difpatchrsl\nod to the afliftance of the people on board her.\nBut happily before the boat had proceeded half\nway, a fecond fignal from L'Aftrolabe, gave no-ja\ntice that the fire was extinguished*. A box of\nacids, and other chymical liquors, had, by taking\nfire fpontaneonfly, occasioned the alarm. That\n\"box being thrown overboard, removed the danger.. \u00C2\u00A3 I -1ER S\u00C2\u00AB2#\nNorfolk Hand rifes abruptly for about feven-\ntyor eighty toifes above the level of the fea. Its\npines feem to be of the fame fort asLthofe of\nNew-Caledonia and New-Zealand. Of the\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2cabbage-bearing palms, which Cook found on\nthis ifle, there were none feen bv the French\n.navigators. It is uninhabited, fave by fea-fowls,\nparticularly tropic-birds with long red feathers];)\nboob*ies and gulls were likewife feen upon it, In\ngreat numbers. To the northward, the eaftward, and perhaps all around this ifle, there ex- ^\ntends a bank of fand, over which the depth of\nthe water is but between twenty and thirty fathoms. Some red-fiih were caught by our\nvoyagers overagainit this ifle, which arFordecQ\nthem an excellent repaft. At eight o'clock m^\nthe evening, they refumed their courfe; failing,^\n.firft, W. N. W. afterwards bearing away grad-^\nually S. W. by W. The bottom was found b.yj\nfrequent foundings, to be even ; and the water\nbecame continually deeper in proportion as they\nreceded from the land. At eleven in the eve-a\nning, they were ten miles W. N. W. from theft:\nmoft northern point of Norfolk Ifland, and\ncould find no bottom with aline of Sixty fathoms.\"\nThe wind was at E. S. E. with frequent\ndarkening blafts, in the intervals between which|\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n24J\nthe fkjNyas tolerably clearff At day-break, they\nheld with full fail towards Botany-Bay, from*\nwhich they were not now more than three hundred leagues diftant. In the evening of the\n14th, they Sounded with a line of two hundred\nfathoms, without finding bottom. The wind\ncontinued to blow from E. S. E. to N; E. till\nthev came within fight of New Holland. Or*\nthe 17th, in 31 deg. 28 min. S. Lat. in 159\ndeg. 15 min. E. Long, they were furrounded'\nbv flocks of gulls, which led them to fufpect\nthe vicinity of fome rock or ifland. Thefe\nbirds followed them to within eighty leagues-\n\u00C2\u00A9f New Holland; and had probably come\nfrom fome uninhabited ifland which our voy-\nagetSThad pafled without obferving it. Within eight leagues of Botany Bay they at laft found'\nbottom under ninety fathoms depth of water,\nlifter having, every evening, founded without\nfuccefs, with a line \u00C2\u00A9f two hundred fathoms,\nSince their departure from the coaft \u00C2\u00A9f Norfolk\nIflandft On the 23d of January, they arrived\nwithin fight of Botany Bay. The land is not of\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0any extraordinary elevation'; and is fcarcely visible beyond the diftance of twelve leagues out\nat fea. In their near approach to the Bay,.they\nmet with currents by which they were continually drifted Southward from their reckoning:\nOn the 24th they plied for the whole day to\nwindward, in fight of the Bay! -'without being\nable to double Point Solander. This day, they\nperceived an Englifh fleet at anchor in< Botany\nBay/, and could difcern its colours and pendents. At nine on jihe morning of the 26th;,\nthey dropped anchor in feven fathoms water'\n\u00C2\u00A9vex a -bottom of grey-fan 4, ahreafi of the fecond-\n im\n244\nLA PEYROUSE-S VOYAGE\nbay\nAn Englifh lieutenant and midfhipman\ncame on board, as they entered the mouth of\nthe channel; informed the French commander,\nthat they were fent by Captain Hunter, commanding the Sir i us Englifh frigate; and ma*\nking offer of every fervice which Captain Hunter's circumftances could permit him to render\nthem. Deferters from the Englifh fettiement,\nwhich was at this time juft forming under Goy-e\nernor; Philips, afterwards gave the French no\nfmall trouble.\nThe Englifh having gone from Botany Bay to\nPort Jackfon, M. de la Peyroufe halted for fome\ntime in that Bay. A fort of infrenchment with\npallifadts was formed on fhore, for the purpofe\nof fecuringthe French during their ftay, from the\nmifchievous attacks of the natives. Thefe people threw fpears at them, after receiving their\nprefents and careiTes. It was the determination\nof the French commander to fail from Botany\nBay on the 15 th of March 1788; and he had hopes\nof arriving, in the month of December, at the Ifle\nof France. M. de Clonard was here advanced\nto the command of L'Aftrolabe. From this fta-\ntion were tranfmitted home the laft letters and\njournals which have been received in France\nfrom the unfortunate La Peyroufe, and the\ncompanions of his voyage.\nEvery thing concurs to perfuade us, that they\nhave all perifhed by Shipwreck. No accounts\nhave been obtained concerning them. Captain\nBowen, in December 1791, on his return from\nPort Jackfon to Bombay, perceived, on the coafiV\nof New Georgia, in the eaftern ocean, the wreck\nof a Ship which he judged to be of French construction, floating upon the waters. From the\n -\nROUND THE WORLD. 24J-'\nGgns of the natives he learned;that European\nShips had touched on their coaft ; and he perceived, in their hands, feveral articles of iron\nand glafs-ware. The only Ships known to have\nijftvigated thefe feas, are\u00E2\u0080\u0094thofe of Bougainville,\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094the Alexander\u00E2\u0080\u0094the Friendfhip of. London\u00E2\u0080\u0094\u00C2\u00AB\ntfhofe of La Pteyroufe\u00E2\u0080\u0094and that of Captain.\nBowen. As the reState known not to have been\nwrecked in thefe feas, the only inference which\nremains, is, that the wreck which Captain\nBowen faw, muft have been the wreck of the\nShips of La Peyroufe. This is the only probability which we poiTefs concerning the fate c\u00C2\u00A3*\nthis great navigator and his companions.\nHi\nmm\nW:s\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n VOYAGE\nOF\nDON ANTONIO MAURELLtf.\n;-g\u00C2\u00A7\u00C2\u00A3igs:=\nj N the month of Auguft in th,e year 1781, the\nPrincefa frigate was fitted out by the governor of\nManilla, for an expedition of which the defign\nwas kept fecret. The command was intruded\nto Don Antonio Maurelle ; and he received, at\nthe fame time, a fealed packet, which he was^\nordered not to open, till he fhould be ten leagues\nof diftance out at fea, from the port of Cavite.\nHe put to fea on the 24th of Auguft. On the\n25 th at the prefcribed diftance from Cavite, he\nopened the packet; and found it to contain inflections directing him to repair to the port of\nSifiran, on the eaftern coaft of Luconia, and\nthere await the further orders of government.\nAdverfe winds and calms foon intervened to\nretard his progrefs. While he wrought to windward, a current from the point of Efcarfeo, car-\nried the veffel backwards. On the 29th, at two\no'clock in the Morning, he was obliged to eaft\nanchor near that point. On the 30th, at half\nafter %ree in the morning, the wind changed to\n$he weft, with a degree of violence wbich drove.\n Z&2\nLA PEYROUSE's VOYAGE\nthe frigate from her anchors. At length, with\ngreat difficulty, and with the lofs of fome anchors-\nand cables, the point was doubled. At eight j\no'clock, on the evening of the 31ft, they came to\nanchor under fhelter of the ifland of Tiaco. Qn\nthe ift of September, they procedeed on their\ncourfe. About fix o'clock in the evening of the\n2d, they reached the harbour of Sifiran.\n. E 4\nOn the $d, Don Antonio Maurelle came to\nanchor, and moored the veffel in the beft manner poffible, as he was here to wait the final orders ofthe Governor of Manilla. In the interval he endeavoured to difcipline his crew, that \\nthey might be prepared to refill any hod ile attack in the courfe of their deftined expedition*\nHe wrote alfo, to inform thevgovernor of his arrival vt Sifiran 5 and to requeft his further 01-\njders.\nContiguous to Sifiran are fome very hig&jj\nmountains, which conftantly preferve much humidity in the climate, and appear to occafion\nviolent hurricanes, which are frequent here.?\nThe wetnefs of the weather began already to af-\nfe\u00C2\u00A3l the feamen of the Princefa with difeafe &\nand one man died during their delay here. The^i\nneareft inhabited parts of the ifland are at mor||\nthan 30 leagues\u00C2\u00A9! diftance from Sifiran.^.Steeg\nmountains, and paijes occupied by the favage\nnatives, lie between. Here, the Spanifh captain\nfound the utmoft difficulty to procure thCre^l\nfrefhments requifite for a voyage of confiderabl^|\nlength. The Al'cade of the province, at the requeft of Mr. Maurelle, furnifhed him with cables to replace thefe which had bet \ loM\nAnchors, however, were not here to W^oM\ntaincd. T\nI\n ROUND THE WORLD.\nOn the ioth of November, an officer arrived,\nand put into the hands of captain Maurelle, a.\n[large box, containing fome difpatches relative to\nithe fervice of his Catholic Majefty. Thefe he\nwas charged from the governor general ofthe\n[Philippine Ifles, to convey with all poffible fpeed\nto his Excellency, the Viceroy of Mexico. For\nthis end, he was, without delay, to fail, to either\nthe port of San Blaz or Acapulco, as he himfelf\nfhould find convenient. Such a voyage, unlefs\nto fhips fetting out in the beginning of June,\nand failing with the weflerly winds which then\nblew, to the eaft of the Marian Iflands, had been\n[hitherto judged impracticable. Don Antonio\niMaurelle, therefore, juftly confidered himfelf as\nengaging in a voyage abfolutely new, in the courfe\nbf which he would be obliged to fail in a tra\u00C2\u00A3fc\nover the ocean which no former navigator had\ntried. Zeal for. the fervice of his fovereign,\nhowever, animated him to encounter every difficulty. His perfonal experience had acquainted\nhim with thefe feas as far as to New-Britain.\nThe charts of M. de Bougainville and others,\nwere adapted to afford him fome further direction. Unfortunately^iy^^e port from which\nhe Was- now to fail, it was impoffible to obtain\nan adequate fupply of the neceffaries for the\n#0yage. Their bread began already to be exceedingly injured by infscls. Of water, they\nlIKMenot conveniently flow more on board than\nfcMnty pipes and forty barrels. The cordage\ntes. Very infirm. In want of tar, they were\nj>Siig@d-\".tjo accept pitch. In the very outlet of\nlis-'vljyage) Captain Maurelle faw it neceffary to\npF\u00E2\u0082\u00AC|)irfe;for encountering calamities ia the courfe\nlc IX*\n'\n &\nj4\nLA'PEYROUSE S VOtf A&E\nOn the 21ft day of November, 178\u00C2\u00A9, the\nPrincefa frigate failed from the port of Sifiran\nfor San Blaz, on the weftern coaft of American-\nShe was wafted by fine breezes from the E. N.\nE. and E. Mr. Maurelle endeavoured to gette\nthe northward. On the 3\u00C2\u00A9th, he found himfelf\n-in i<5 deg. 14 min. N. Lat. The winds and\nhigh fwelling feas retarded the progrefs of tht\nveffel, and at times diverted her from her courfe,\nfo. that, on the 9th of December, me was ftill\n\"within fight cf the ifland \u00C2\u00A9f Catanduanes, one\nof the Philippines. Tolerably frefh breezes\nfrom rhe fouth and weft, now enabled them to\nrun to the eaftward till the 14th of December*\nNew variations of the wind foon obliged them\nto run to the fouthward. The charts which\nthey had onboard, reprefented different iflands,\nnone of which appeared as lying within fight of\nthe tra\u00C2\u00A3l over which they paffed between the\n18th and 21 ft. & But, the fhort and heavy billows\nwhich nowyrolled around them, were fuch as\nmuft certainly have been produced by the proximity of the Caroline Ifles, or the New Philippines. They croffed tfee line on the 29th, an4\nentered the fouthewhemifphere. Mr. Maurelle ftill made it his principal obje\u00C2\u00A3t to fleer\nfouthward, till he might fall in with the weftdg*/\nly winds, fuch as are naturally to be expelled Jii\nhigh latitudes j_yet varied his courfe in compliance with the frequent variations of the breezes\nto which he was, in the mean time, expofed.\nJn this courfe', many large trunks \u00C2\u00A9f trees, birds,\nof different fpecies, boobies, and thofe fowls\nwhich the Spaniards named dominicos, were \u00C2\u00A9JP]\nten feen by the (hip's company, while they (ailed on.\n ROUND THE WORLD,\n^6c\nOn the7th of January, tbey faw the Thousand\nIsles of Bougainville, of which the moft northern, is, in his chart, placed in j deg. lomin.S. and\nin the Longitude of 139 deg. 30 min. E. from\nParis. Thev coafted along thefe ifles, at a fmall\ndiftance from the fhore, took many bearings,\n,and determined, as Mr. Maurelle believes, with\n%reat preciGon, the pofitions of 29 of them.\nThefe ifles are ?M low, covered with trees, and\n\u00C2\u00A3ome \u00C2\u00A9f them conjoined by intermediate reefs of\nlocks, the fea breaks over thefe rocks ; and thev\nare not viuble at any great diftance. Sailing\n-within two miles from the moft northerly of\nji&ern, the Spanifh mariners could perceive ma<-\nnv fires blazing on thofe which were on the moft:\neafterJy. Nor was it poffible to withhold from\nfurprize, at perceiving fuch narrow fpots inhab*-\nykcd. Steering foon after, eaft by north, they\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 difcovered on the 8th of January, S. 3 deg. E.\nat the diftance of 5 leagues, two iflets, to which\npMr. Maurelle gave the common name \u00C2\u00A9f Her*\nmitanos.C That evening, they faw alfo the Anchorets of .Bougainville, precisely in the latitude\nmentioned by that voyager ; and almoft at the\nPdiie: in ft ant, f<5ur fmall ifles to the eaftward,\nj *>n which was impofed thename\u00C2\u00A9! 'Monagos.\nBearing away from thefe ifles for the North\nPCape of New Britain, they difcovered, t>n the\npioth, at day-break, other ifles lying S. S. E.\n\"On this, and the following day, they ran along\nthe length of the moft weftern of thefe new\niflef, at a moderate diftance from its fhore. Its\n-northern coaft is 11 leagues in length. Beyond\nthe plains adjacent to the fea-fhore, feveral hills\nfjto^re eieen to - rife to a confiderable elevation.\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0^our low ifles, covered with trees, a-nd wi& *\nT\nW&\n 266\nLA \"PEYROUSE S VOYA&E\n*coaft free from reefs, came in view fucceffively,\n*while the frigate failed on.fi It is not improbable\nbut the channels between'thefe ifles may. afford\ngood anchorage, in which fhips may be fuffi-\nciently protected from both fea and wind.\nFrom.ihefe ifles, there came out on the nth,\n/twelve canoes, with a number of the iflanders on\nboard ; who eameflly craved food from the\nSpanifh failors. Some cocoa-nuts, with a few\npieces of bifcuit were thrown out to them, and\n-voraciojufly accepted. \"With long hatchets which\nthey bore, they made every effort to drag away\na net with fomo .garden-fluffs, which they faw\nfufpended from the poop of the frigate. Their\nweapons were {lender arrow-like darts, pointed\nwith clumfy flints. They had alfo fifhing-nets.\nIt fhould feem ihat thev live in a condition of\nextreme mifery. Fifhing is undoubtedly their\nprincipal refource for the means of fubfiftence.\nTo the la*geft of thefe ifles, Captain Maurelle\n.gave the name of Don Jofeph JBafeo. Of thofe\n.two, which lay the farthefl to the South, he\ngave to the moft wefterly, the name of San Miguel ; to the moft eaflerly, that of Jefus Maria.\nTo two other ifles, at two miles diftance, along\nthe coaft of which the frigate failed, he gave, j\nto thejttore eaflerly the name of San Raphael;\nto the more wefterly, that of San Gabriel. A\nnumber of other ifles contiguous to thefe,\nequally attracted tjie notice of Mr. Maurelle,\nwhile he failed on \u00E2\u0080\u00A2, and were diftinguiftied by\ntpew names.\nOn the 12th, after palling within view of a very fmall iflet, he defcried the ifle of Matthias,\nwhich the French chart places to the north ef\nJslew Britain. Sailing onwards, in the facs$ .\u00C2\u00AB&\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n2^7\nre\u00C2\u00A3lion, they difcovered, at length, the French\nIile of florms, almoft concealed from obferva-\ntion, by means of the fogs in which it was involved, and of the rain and Mails cf wind which\nthey met with in its vicinity^ On the 13th of\nJanua^p, an extenfive coaft arofe to view.\nClouds, fogs, and tornadoes, filled the fouthern\nhemhphere of the horizon. In this ftate of the\nweather, it was#difficult to diftinguifh what land\nthis coaft could be. Yet, judgingfrom all appearances, it could hardly be other than that of\n\u00C2\u00A7New Britain. Continuing their courfe, they\ndaily difcovered a diverfity of iflets, which they\nbelieved to be hitherto unknown to European;\nnavigators ; tilt at laft they came within fight of\ng& iflets, which they fuppofed to be the Outong\nJava of the French chart., Thefe ifles were per-\n|pdved to be furrounded by a fand-bank, which\nwas not vifible beyond the diftance of two miles\nfrom the fhore. Near the edges \u00C2\u00A9JJ the bank,\nfeveral fmall rocks raife their head^j^|eernably\nabqve the water. On the fouther^l^Mftlns\n.bank, is a narrow opening, oppon^|j^f||\u00C2\u00AB!fiich\ni.Jfcfr. Maurelle found the latitude to* be.4 deg>*.\n\u00C2\u00A33 min. at two cables' length from the entrance.\nThe1 entrance leads to a gulph, in whjgii.the fea\nis entirely calm, and where fhips may' fafeiy rkfe\n[a^ygichor, during the time neceffary to taike i:\\ntec^d and water* To the. north this \"gflgh-fs;\n;3\u00C2\u00BBetlered by the iflets. The SpaniftiXcomman-\nder gave it the name of Puerta la Princefb*\nFrom thefe iflets, more than fixty canoes -t$tn\u00C2\u00AE\nout to within a mufket's fhotof the frigaft^'^But\n*$xe wind, at that inftant, blew too favourably to\nleave it eligible for the Spaniards to wait their,\nnearer approach. On the ifleta-agfjeared .jaahn*-\nMi\u00C2\u00BB-. 'i\n *6&\nLA PEY ROUSE * VOYAG*\ntfeees, the fruit of which, with the produce of\ntheir fifhings, ate their only probable means for\niupport.\nFrom Outong-Java, the Princefa was carried\n\u00C2\u00A9nward by winds which, during the day, were.\ngentle and favourable, but became v4\u00C2\u00A9$enrin the\nnight. Amid ft fo many ifles, the progrefs b]fe\nsight was exceedingly dangerous; but the whole,\nflip's company were vigilant, and happily fuc-\nceeded without fudden misfortune. On the\nnight ofthe 2 2d, they obferved the billows to\nbreak with terrible fury on a fboal of rocks*\nto which they gave the name of The SnorerJi\nand bore a*vay from it with all poffible hafte.'\nDuring the remaining part of January, the\nwinds blew faintly, varying between the points\nof N. N. W. and N. E. Thefe occasioned the\nfrigate to tend, in its progrefs ftill farther and\nfarther fouthward. Efforts were, from time to\ntime, made, but with little fuccefs, to bend their\ntrack, as they went on, again towards the line.\nSeeing the voyage thus prolonged, Captain Maurelle, from the -2\u00C2\u00A9th of January, ufed the precaution of leffening, by two ounces, the daily\nallowance of bread to each man. On the 16th\nof February, finding that the weather did not\nbecome more favourable ; that they were ftiJi\nfar diftant from the place of their deftination ;\nand that there did not now remain \u00C2\u00A9n board\nprovifions for more than three months : he\nthought proper to reduce the total daily allows\na nee to two thirds of what it had hitherto been.\nThe fiiip was unhappily infefted with cockroaches, which committed the moft deftrst^iye\n4#predations on the cafks of bifcuit. Many\nof the water-calks had- alf\u00C2\u00A9 leaked out the great*\n ItOUN'D Till WORL0>-\n3wjfc?\ni er part of their contents* and had become entire--\nly unfit for further ufe. Mr. Maurelle was^\ntherefore, induced to make fail for Solomon's\nIflands, in order to replace the water which he\ni hail loft. But the north-eafterly winds blowing,\nwithout interruption, ftill drove the vefl'el, in\n| fpite of every e ffort fouthward. On the 20th\nof February, they were 17 leagues weftward\nI from Cape Santa Cr\u00C2\u00BBz,or Guadalcavar. Breezes from the E. N. E. and E. foon made them\nlofe all hopes of gaining Solomon's Ifles. It\nwas determined, as the laft refource, to proceed\nfarther fouthward,. till they mould fall in with\nthofe ifles of joy and abundance, which have\nbeen fo much celebrated by the Englifh navigators. The failors heard the determination with\nextraordinary J07&. A fmall ifland was feen on\nthe 20*th of February ; and, there, they inftant-\nly flattered themfelves? that they fhoulcl meet the\nample gratification of their wi&es in the relief\nof their wants.*||But this ifle was-utterly barren ;\nnor did its coaft affiord anqhorage for a< fhip's\nboat. Ia the bitternefs of their, difappoint- -\njoaent, they gave it the- inaufpicious- name of\nAmargura.\nOn the 27 th^ however, was difcovered an ifland of fairer afpect. Its fummit had a burnt'\nappearance 4 but its flope was intereftingly covered with trees and verdure. In particular, many cocoa-nut-trees were feen- upon it. The\nfaintnefs .with which the wind blev^Jbut very\nimperfectly aided the eagernefs- of the Spanifh\ncrew to approach the fhore of this ifle. But a\nnumber of canoes foon came out from its weftern fide^ with cocoa-nuts and bananas, which\ns#ere readily bartered with the ilrangers. The\nY2.\n 27^'\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\niflanders came on board the frigate; and one,\nwho feemed to poffefs fuperior authority, en&A\npreffed the moft friendly fentiments towards the\nSpaniards, danced and fang upon the deck, and\ngave to Mr. Maurelle, among other prefentlj a\nlarge piece of fluff7, refembfing blotting paper..\nHis prefents were amply compenfated. He informed them, that the ifle was named Latte ;\nthat he himfelf was its ehief; that it was abundant in fruits and frefh-water ; and that anchor-\ning-ground might be found on its coaft. No\nfuch anchoring-grould could, however, be difcovered. But in their ftretches round the ifle,\nthe Spanifh navigators defcried, at twelve leagues\ndiftance to the E. N. E. other ifles of lower el'tm\nvation, but larger extent, between which there\nwere channels, which might afford fhejter to\nShipping. They directed their courfe towards3\nthefe ifles. On the 4th of March, they conduct.-\ned the frigate up a fmall entrance formed by the\nifles to the N. \"W\". and anchored at a fhort d$f|\ntance from land, in forty five fathoms watedfl\nFrom this anchorage were feen, within the\ngulph, houfes, plantations of banana and cocoa-\ntrees, with very flattering appearances of wa-lj\nter. Various harbours, where the fhip mighty\nfind (belter, were likewife difcovered amidft this\ngrOupe of ifles. In the evening, they moveit\nfrom thejr fir# ftation ; and on the 5 th, at daybreak, anchored in twenty-three fathoms depth,\nof water, over a bottom or fand and ftones, at\nthe diftance of but two cables' length from an\ninhabited fhore.\nWhile they were coming up into this ftation,\nfrom fifty to an hundred canoes came daily out\nto them, with hogs, fowls, baaaaas, cocoas, and\nUS2LJ\n ROUND THE WORLt).\n$ft\npotatoes of extraordinary fize. Cloths made\nfrom the bark of palm-tree, and others of different forts, were likewife offered by the natives*\nIn exchange, they afked hafchets, knives, and\nother cutting inftruments; but thefe Captain\nplaurelle ftrictly forbade his crew to give. The\nSpaniards cut down their fhirts, trowfers, and\njackets ; and for thefe, were obtained hogs and\nother refrefhments. The iHanders who came\non board, folicited Mr. Maurelle to carry his\nfliip into the middle of their Archipelago. The\nChiefs readily fate down at his table, but would\neat of nothing but their own fruits. The women likewife vifited the Spaniards, and appeared to be not at all difagreeable in form and?fea-\ntures. They wore a fort of petticoat encircling\ntheir waift to the knees ; and the men had on a\nfimrfer drefs. I Some of the men meafured fix\nfeet four inches in Mature, and were proportionately tlfick and robufl:. The loweft in ftature of\nthe iflanders, was taller than the talleftof the\nSpanifh crew. A prefent of fruits was fent to.\nthe Spanifh commander from the Tubou, or\nGreat Chief, by the hands of his fon. The\n' 4\nyouth was courteouily received ; and feemed to\nbe well-pleafed wit& 'his reception. At eight\no'clock, next morning, more than a hun\nfame impreifion, were, at the fame time diftri\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nbuted to the attendants of the royal pair.#Thefe^\nattendants fhewed the moft profound deference*\nfor the 'Sovereign ; and were by him treated-\nwith an air of the moft exalted fuperiority. They*\nall beheld, with wonder, the equipment of the\nfrigate, and the various things which .^were\nihewn to them in the cabin. Thev went awav\u00C2\u00BBa\n* ' ' a\nat laft, with profeflions of the warmeft frrend-\n(hip, and certainly not ill fatisfied with their reception. To prevent quarrels, ,Mr. Maurelle\nhad the precaution to threaten the fevereft pun->\nifhments againft whoever of the crew fhould*\ngiv\u00C2\u00A3 the iflanders the flighteft offence ; and, at>\nthe fame time, cautioned his people to keep-\nvigilantly on their guard. He directed fome-\ncanon-fhots t\u00C2\u00A9 be fired againft the rocks, for the,\npurpofe of giving the Indians an idea of the\npower \u00C2\u00A9f the Spanifh fire-arms. They beheld,,\nwith admiration and dread, thofe.fragments of*\nrocks, which were dafhed off and fcattered about,\nby the impulfe of the balls. Twelve or fifteerr\nhundred of the iflanders witnefied the difcharge:\nAnd it produced, on their minds, all the eflFe\u00C2\u00A3L\nthat was defired from it. On the 6th, Captainr\nMaurelle \u00C2\u00A3ele\u00C2\u00A3led, from, among his fhip's conw\n ROUND THE W\u00C2\u00A9M.B*\n*ft\npany, fifteen men, armed them with piftols,\nfwords, mufkets, cartridges, and arming the\nlong-boat with fwivels, fet out in it for the fhore,\naccompanied by this party. The beach where\nthey landed, was crowded with men and women. Thefe Mr. Maurelle obliged to remove\nto a fuitable diftance. He then arranged his\nmen under arms, and pointed his fwivels againft\nthe crowd, t\u00C2\u00A9 be difcharged upon them, if any\nunhappy accident (hould render this neceffary.\nThe fon of the Tubou offered to conduct: one of\nthe Spaniards to a ftream of water; but the\n[wjjaniard, foon beginning to fufpecl: fome bad\nartifice, defifted from following the young man.\nA well, dug on the ftrand, yielded only brack*\nifh water unfit to be drank. Mr. Maurelle,\ntherefore, directed another pit to be dug, at a\ngreater diftance from the edge of the fea. Tniit\nlabour could not.be at this time completed. On\nthe 7th, the long-b\u00C2\u00A9at, with a well-armed detachment, repaired again t\u00C2\u00A9 the fhore. The\ndigging of the pit was renewed ; and it was, at\nlaft, left in a condition which promifed to afford\nwater on the day following. The Tubou now\nvifited the Spaniards on the fhore. His attendants were numerous ; evidently perfons o\u00C2\u00A3\nrank ; and fome of them, venerable old men*\nHe embraced Mr. Maurelle with the fame affection as formerly. The royal attendants feated\nthemfelves in a circle on the ground. Two\ncarpets of palm-ftuff were brought. The king\nfat down on one of thefe ; and he invited the\nSpanifh commander to feat himfelf on his right-\nhand, upon the other. Ail around remained in\nprofound filence, while the Tubou fpoke, and\nthe venerable old men who fat near hiuu^re-\n 274\nla>peyrouse's .voyage\npeated all his words, exactly as he uttered them*\nRoots, probably of the Ava, were brought^\nFrom thefe, ana ufeous bitter drink was preparr\ned : and in veffels made of leaves of the banana-\ntree, this drink was, by young cup-bearers, pre-\nfented, firft, to the Tubou and Mr. Maurelle,'\nafterwards, in order3 to thofe who fat around\nthem. Only a felect number were permitted\nto tafte this nectar of the great, among thefe\niflanders^SHe who fat among the Tubou's officers, the neareft to the royal perfon, pointed out,\nas if officially, t\u00C2\u00A9 the cup-bearers, to whom they:\nwere to ferve the ava. Mr, Maurelle declined\ntailing it. Thofe who drank of it, appeared to\nwrith their countenances with difguft at its\nloathfome bitternefs. Boiled potatoes and ripe-\nbananas were then fet before ihe Spanifh Cap-\ntarn -, and of thefe he ate. Tw\u00C2\u00A9 canoes, laden\nwith fimilar provifions for His* foldiers, were\nfoon after feen to arrive. After the entertainment, the Tubou returned to his own habitation*\nMr. Maurelle returned the vifit-; and wascour-\nteoufly received by the. monarch.-^ Seon after\nhis arrival at the royal habitation, the beautiful\nqueen made her appearance. Before her walked\neight or ten young girls, who might be, each,\nfrom fifteen to eighteen years of age. Soma\nof them drove away the flies from incommoding\nher 5 on others fhe leaned while {he walked ^\nall were employed in menial\u00C2\u00A3 fervices about her-\nperfon. She was wrapped in feveral different\nmantles, which gave a confiderable bulkinefs to\nher form. She received- the ftrangers with a\nfmiling countenance ; uttering the words, liley^\nliley, liley, which were underftood to fignify\nwelsome. The king was fo ready to ft rip hinWj\n P0\nROUND THE WORLD.\n*$S\nfelf of his garments, to bellow thefe upon hh \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nviiitors, that, after this firft vifit of ceremony,\nMr- Maurelle, in delicacy, avoided as much as\npoffible, to give him occafion for bellowing fa*\nyours, fo coftly to the Tubou, of fo fmall value\nto his gueft. The Tubou, bellowed, at this\nfirft vifit, upon his Spanifh friend, two large\nnines of the gilthead fpecies, and a ftaff painted\nwith divers colours. On the 8th, the pit which\nthe Spaniards had dug on fhore, was, to their\njgreat joy filled with water. The natives faw\nthis with extreme aftonifhment. The.Spaniards\ni filled their cafks. But, this water was ftill fo\njbrackifh, as not to be worth fhipping. Newfu'p-\n[\"plies of provisions, were, on this day, again received from the bounteous'hofpitality of the\n[king and queen : And indeed, they never failed\nto fend to MrvMaurelle, every evening, a large\nl-quantity of boiled or roafted potatoes.\nFinding the water which was to be procured\ni/near the fhore, in this ifle, to be exceedingly improper, on account of its brasckifh qualities, for\nithe ufe of his fliip's company*, Mr. Maurelle\n-was induced to weigh anchor, and proceed to\nanother bay about a league and a half, or\ntwo leagues diftant from that in which he\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0had firft attempted to fupply himfelf with\n-Avater. But, in drawing up the anchor, the\n''cable unluckily broke; and the anchor was,\nin confequence, loft. The new bay was happily Iheltered both from the tempeftuous fweldings of the billows, and from whateverl|was\nto be dreaded from the winds. It afforded\nIanchorage in thirty two fathoms depth of\n; water, over a bottom of fand mixed with flones.\n4~)n the-pth, the Spanifh crew began to take in\n 2?\u00C2\u00A3\nr,\u00C2\u00BB^\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\ntheir water. The watering place was but a {dpi\nyards diftant from the beach. The iflanders\nobligingly aided them in rolling their cafks between the watering place and the fhore. On\nthe ioth, nth, and 12th, they took in as much\nwater as they defired. The friendly intercourse\nwas ftill continued between them and the natives. Of the natives, many would pafs the\nnight on board, with perfect confidence ia\nthe Spaniards*! On the 12th, the Tubou invited the ftrangers to a great entertainment. A\nfpace of ground was, for this purpofe, entirely cleared of the wood and fhrubs with which\nit had been overgrown. Indians, in pairs, brought;!\nfrom the Tubou's houfe, a quantity of potatoes,'\nbananas, cocoa-nuts, and^fifhes, fufpended from\npoles, one of which was fupported between the\n\u00C2\u00A9tjfpofite {boulders of every two of the bearers.\nAll thefe provifions were by the Tubou's or*\nders, placed in a large heap, of a cubical form,\nin the middle of the fpace of ground which had\nbeen cleared'out for the entertainment. The\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2pile was not lefs than fix feet in height. The\nTubou came next, with the fame train of attendants as formerly. No fewer than two thoufand of the iflanders thronged after. The com-\npany feated themfelves on carpets of the palm-\ntree- The king, in a fpeech, then offered to\nthe Spaniards the heap of provifions which they\nfaw before them. And thefe were therefore,\nwithout delay, conveyed on board the boats. After this had paffed, the Tubou again made a\nfpeech ; and the old men, as formerly, repeated\nhis word3 exactly\" as he-uttered them. Mr.l\nMaurelle and the Spaniards knew not well to\nwhat all-this-might tend s but were on their\n I\nROUND THE WORLD.\nguard, and ready to difcharge their piftols and\nrnufkets, if anything of hollility ihouid be attempted by the Indians.\nWhile all was mute attention and fufpenfe,\nthere advanced from among the ranks of the\nnatives, a flout young man, who laying his left\nhand' on his breaft, fWuck his elbow with the\npalm of his right hand. To thofe who were\nnot of his own tribe,\u00C2\u00BBhe appeared to addrefs a\nvariety of antic gambols. From among them,\none at length arofe, and prefented himfelf to\nnotice, by fimilar geftures. Thefe two immediately begafcla wreftling-match. They clofed\nin with each other, body to body; and in all\n(different directions, preffed and pulled one another with an exertion by which the veins and\n[mufcles of their bodies were, to an extreme degree, inflated and ftrained. One of the wreft-\nlers was at length thrown to the ground. He\nfell w'Mx a degree of violence which made\nfome of the Spanifh fpectators fear that he\nmight never if ife again. But he^bon got up,\nand retired in difgrace, and afhamed, not dar-\nring once to look behind mm. The conqueror\nthen paid his refpecets to the Tubou*, and a\n!fong was fung in honour of the conteft. Other\nwreftlers fucceeded. The contefts were pro-\nilpn^ed for the fpace of two hours. One of thofe\n[who were engaged, had an arm broken, others\nfuffered by very fevere blows'. Before the\nwrdfting was terminated, a different f^t of combatants were feen to come forward for conteft.\nThefe had cords wrapped round their fifts,\n[which might ferve them, much as the gauntlets\n[ofthe Athlete of ancient Greece. Thefe, in\ntheir contefts1, prefented a form of fighting\n>\n 27&\nLA P*E Y ROUSE S VOY ACE\nmore awful than that of the wreftlers. They\nft-ruck one another \u00C2\u00A9n the forehead, the eyebrows, the cheeks, and on every part of the face.\n. Some were irrecoverably felled to the ground.\nThe fpe&ators feemed to regard the boxers with\na degree of refpect., fuperiorjb that with which\nthey had looked upon the efforts of the wreft-\n; lers. The female -attendants belonging to the\nqueen, as alf\u00C2\u00A9 fome other Avomen, were witnrf^\nfes \u00C2\u00A9f thefe fportive combats. The ladies were,\nupon this occafion, arrayed in all their gaycft\nattirem. Their mantles were adjufted in neati\nplaits and folds ; and were fixed by a knot over\nthe left fhoulder: On their heads, they wore\ngarlands of flowers : Around their necks, they\nhad firings of large glafs-beads : Their hair was\nelegantly difpofed in trefles : The fkin was$n a\n{late of exquifite cleannefs. flJThetr whole perfons were perfumed with an agreeable fragrant\"\noil. !?a|tiey ftrove to win the attention of\nthe Spanifh gentlemen; and certainly- appeared, for this, only fo much thipnore attractive. jAt the king's command, fome 'female\ncombatants made, alfo, an exhibition of a boxing match. They fought with fuch fury, that,\nif they had not been quickly parted, they would'\nhardly have left a tooth in one another's heads.\nBut, at the requell of Don Anconio Maurelle,\nthefe female combats were fpeedily put an end\nto. An old woman, at the Tubou's command,\nfang, for the entertainment of the compamlj\nWhile fhe fang, there was a cruet fufpended\nfrom her neck, probably to fupply a fluid with\nwhich fhe might, from time to time, moiften her\nmouth. She fang for half an hour together^ in a\nfjrain not unlike the declamation \u00C2\u00A9f an a\u00C2\u00A3lrefs\n6n a theatre. From thefcene of the entertaint\n ROUND THE WORLD.e, iJf7\u00C2\u00A9,\nmerrt,' Don Antonio accompanied the Tubou to\ni jps houfe.. The queen there received him and her\nhufband with her wonted courtefy. Whenhf^fk-\ned why flie had not been prefent at the fports 5\n(he replied, that fuch amufements were far from\nbeing pleaQpg to her. The Tubou now honoured his Spanifh friend with the name of boxa*\nor fon ; and the ties of mutual friendlhip feemed tobe,in this manner, drawn continually defer between them. Don Antonio foon took\nleave of his kind hod, and returned on board the\nfhip. The Indians on the fhore, treated the\nSpaniards, as they paffed to their fhips, with every poffible demontlration of friendly kindneft*\nThe conquerors in the games would oblige Don\nAntonio, to permit them to convey him upon\ntheir fho aiders, into the long-boat. But, the\nTubou perceiving from hifrhoufe, that the ^re-\nfence, and even the kindnefs of his people in-\nconwnoded their guefls, came out with a rod in\nhis hand, and, witfcfevere beating, drove the\nwhole crowd away into the woods.\nAll was now inreadinefs forjthe departure o\u00C2\u00A3\nthe Princefa. Onine 13th, Captain Maurelle\nhad refolved to fail. Bur, this day, gales of\nwind from the north, and from the N. W. blow-\n! |ag direSly into the mouth of the paffdge by\nwhich he was to fail out, rendered his dep.irture\nabfoluttiy impoffible. The winds grew ftill ftron-\nger and flronger. And though three anchors were-\ndown from the frigate, yet the cable \u00C2\u00A9f her fheet-\nanchor gave way. On Jhe 15th, the violence ofthe winds feemed to be fubdued. But, the failure of the cable of anther of the anchors, again\n^\"concerted Mr. Maurelle, when he wajrabout\nto kt ipfi His cables were ail in an exceeding-.-\nff\nis\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2i-\n clSo\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nly infirm ftate ; and he had e^ery reafon to dread\nthat hislaft anchor might alfo foon be loft. For the\nprefent occafion he had a cable fixed to the near-\neft rock. -The people were again fet to fweep\nfor the two anchors wh\u00C2\u00ABi\u00C2\u00A7i had been here loft. On\naccount of the uneafinefs of mind which he felt\nfrom thefe accidents, he was hindered from availing himfelf of a new invitation ofthe Tubou's, t\u00C2\u00A9\nanother entertainment. But, this hindered not\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0the Tubou from fending,every evening, for the\n. ufe of-the Spaniards, twobafkets of roots, -with'\nfome fowls and fifh. Ail the provifions which\nhad been collected for the iecond entertainment,\nwere, by the Tubou's orders, carried on board\nthe frigate. And the Tubou came, there, feveral times, to dine, and enjoy his afternoon's\nnap. On the i6th, Mr. Maurelle ag$l|tl\nmade a fruitlefs attempt to leave the channel.\nOn the 18th, the firft pilot going out in the boat,\nhappily found another channel, through which\nthe frigate might eafilyfail away. At two\no'clock on the afternoon ofthe ioth, the Prin-\ncefa had, fortunately, gotten clear of all the iflands. The king and queen took leave of Don\nAntonio, upon this final feparation, with the\nilrongeft expreflion of kindriefs and forrow.\nMany of their fubjedls, in their canoes, attended\"\nthe courfe of the frigate, till fne had left all the\nifles behind her. To the harbour, formed by^\nthree ifles of confiderable-extent, and a number\nof fmailer ones, Captain MaureHeLgave the name\n-ofJEh- Refugio. It lies in 18 deg. 36 min. S.\nLat. ifi 179 deg. 52 min. Long. E.: from Paris.\nTo the who!e cluftei of ifles, he gave the name\nof the Ifles Don Martin de Majorca. It affords5\n{belter from every^ilorm, blowihgTroin whatevei?\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n2$fr\nquarter. The c&Hnnels to the N. W. and the\nS. W. by which fhips may enter or depart, afford'\nj\u00C2\u00A3\u00C2\u00A3ty-n?e fathoms depth of water over a flintyy;\nflony, or gravel^ bottom. A fimiiar bottom, ex-\ntendfcgrto the very centreof the gulph, has therep\nthirty-five or forty fathoms depth of water ; in\nfome of the creeks, the depth ofthe water is di- \u00E2\u0099\u00A6\nj minifhed totwelve-or fifteenJathomsv^Sitis proper to keep the lead going* while a fhip feeks \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\nanchorage amidft thefe ifles^&Nothing can exceed the fertility of their -foil. Cocoa-trees,\nbanana-trees, h%ie-trees, fugar-canes, with a di-\nverity of other fruit-bearing trees, potatoes.,\nwith abundance of other fweet edible rootsj\nglow here, almoft fpoutaneoufly, and in the\ngreateft abundance. The^Rihivatiou is aifo\nwonderfully fkilful.^ No weeds ;are fuffered *>\namong the plants, in the cultivated fields. There\nare roads in many directions, and in an excellent condition.|$ It was with pleafure that Don\nAntonio Maurelle found himfelf able to increafe\nto thefe ifknders their -ftock -of vegetables, by\nprefenting them with fome- maizej rice, and I\nfeeds, which he directed them to plant, and explained their ufes. | Shrubs, of which the bark\nis ufed in the fabrication \u00C2\u00A9f their cloths, are, alfo, among the objec^SHof their cultivation. The\nconduct of thefe people was ever gentle and beneficent to the Spaniards.^ Bute the Spanifh\ncommander ^was cautious never to go on fhore\nwithout an armed guard: and he ufed every\nother feasible means, to infpire them with ref-\npec\"l for him and his flue's company. They\nwere, however, almoft all thieves. Clothes,\niron-work, whatever elfe they could fecretly i\n^fci^e, aever faited tp be made their prize, whea\nZ .%\u00C2\u00A3\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 h\n *<*\n232\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAtJE\nthey came on board the frigaife. Tubou, upon\nCaptain Maure&e's complaints, gave him per-\nmiffion to inflict inftant punifhment upon any of\nthe iflanders, whom he fhould detect in wich\ntheftsj| Some of them being foon after fur-\nprized, in an attempt to tear away the rudller-\nclfains, a piftol was fixed, and one of the thieves\nwas killed. Thofe who beheld his fate, were\nnot roufifll to indignation againft the Spaniards,\nbut only faid, Chito (fignifying Robber) Fana\n(Death.) It was impoffible for the Spaniards to\ndifeover, during H^beir fhort ftay, whether thefe\npeople profeffed any fort of religion. The\nfounds of their language were not difficult of articulation to the Spaniards ; nor did the iflanders find any difficulty in articulating'the words\nof the Spanifh*4anguage. Mr. Maurelle was informed by them, that two European fhips had,\nnot very long before, touched at thefe ifles; and\nhad fuppiied them, in barter, with glafs-beads,\nJiatchdts, and adzes. The chiefs wear, around\nthe neck\", a raother-of-pearl fhell, and have the\nlittle \u00C2\u00A7nger, on both hands, cut off to its root.\nThe Tubou promifed to fupply the Spaniards\nwith a much greater abundance of provwons, if\nthey would carry their frigate towards the ordinary place of his abode. But, with this requeft,\nCaptain Maurelle found it impoffible to comply.\nHad it not been for the unfortunate lofs of the\nanchors, nothing could have been4&ppier than\nthe period of the ftay of the Spaniards in this\nharbour. All were agreeably refrefhed: the\nfcorbutic recovered health and vigour: every\nthing was fairly obtained, at a price the moft\ntriftal.\nOn the zcth of Marchf the Prineefa was1 clear\n ROUND THE WORLD/\n283\nof all thefe ifles^ She now rari^fe the S. E. before an E. N. E. wind. In this courfe, there\nwere foon defcried, firft, one lofty ifle, afterwards\nthree others, extending between &s and W.eg|\nW. In the ifles neareft to the fhip, were feen,\nas fhe advanced, about eight and forty fires.\u00C2\u00A7f;At\njfah-rife, on the 2$ft, they counted to the number of ten iflands, on one hand, and fix on the\nother. Thefe they croffed to the fouthward,\nthrough lifge channels^which are interpofed\nbetween them. Arriving, in their farther progrefs, in a vaft gulph, they there difcovered, at\nfive or fix leagues diftance, a multitude of %&es,\nlying in a crfeular arrangement around it. Surrounded by fo many low ifles, Mr. Maurelle now\nendeavoured to pafs out from the gulph, by\nfome ofthe mafiy channels which opened among\nthem. But he foon found every opening to the\nfou^ward to be barred by dreadimf-breakers,\nagainft all accefs of the frigate. *He then directed his courfe wefesrard^towards the lofty\nifle which had firft attrSuSled ther notice of himfelf and his fhip's company. Bjffun-rife, on\nthe enfuing morning, while the frigate approached this ifle, various c^poes.were feen to come\nout with fruits and other provifions, fuchias had\nbeen obtained in the 31 es recently left. For\nfhreds of cloth, the lading of thefe canoes was\nreadily purchafed. gphe Tubou of thefe ifles\nfent out two hogs and fome cocoa-nuts, to the\ninviting\nSpanifh commander ; with a meffage> i\nhim to vijfit the ifle on which that Chief had his\nrefidence. Afterwards, this Tubou came himfelf on board. He had heard \u00C2\u00A9f the vifit of the\nSpaniards to his neighbours, and feemed Jo be\njealous of the favour which the other Tubou\n513-\nm\n 2$4 LA 'PE Y-ROUfllJii VOY A GE l\nhad obtated with the .Spaniards by his hofpi-*\ntality to them. The Indians agreed in informing^\nthe Spaniards, that it would be impoffible for\ntheir fbfptopafs fafelyout from among thefeHfes,^\notherwife than by the channel on which lay\ntheir Tubouffca\u00C2\u00A7e~ He was fei#to be fovereign\nof eight and forty iflands^lH\u00C2\u00A9 promifed tMfk*.\nSpaniards, that, if thefbwould land-on-his ifl\u00E2\u0082\u00ACy|\nhe would give them a pile of potatoes, as big&Jjjj\nthe mad-head, and would entertain them with\na nibble exhibition of wreftKng.. He put hS?\u00C2\u00A7\nmother-of-pearl ftiell about th#: neck \u00C2\u00A9f the\nSpanifh commander; and, after paffrng five or\nfix hours on board, retired, .in hopes of a vifit\nfrom the ftrangers. The frigate, in her courfe,\neoafted along many oLthefe ifles.j^At fun-fet,.\n{he had advanced beyond them all, and was pur-\nfuing herigourfe, under- a brifk wind from the \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\neaft. ^To^his groupe of ifles, Mr. Maurelle ?\ngave the general name of therflLEs of Don Joseph Galvez. 1Eie foutfoern Cape of that ifle \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\non which the Tubou refidesy lies in 19 deg. 30 j\nmin. S. Lat. in 179 deg. 3$ min. Long. E. from\nParis. Ont&e 22d, our vovagers advanced fouth-\nward *, difcovering, as they went on, two ifles, \\nwhich received from them the name of Las Cul-;\nebras, the Snakes, on account of a great funkeikr\nrock, which was perceived, by its breakers, to be \u00E2\u0096\u00A0>\nbetween them. They had now paffed the moft%\ndangerous fhoals ; and they therefore continued*!\ntheir voyage before eaftern wind% with new .\ncomposure of mind. On the 25th, they dif- -\ncovered, to the weftward, a fmall ifle, t\u00C2\u00A9 which\nwas given the name of La Sola. Anoihiiff^'.\nwinch they defcried on the 27^, was named by \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\nthem Vasqjjex Island, On the 29th,- in 2$-\n ROUND t&E \fo\u00C2\u00AB&&.\na$j\ndeg. 52 ffciin. S. Lat. and, by fuppofi#n, in nfg\ndeg. 17 min. Long. E. from $aris, they ||\u00C2\u00A3re enabled* by a weftern wind, to fteer S. i%by E.\n[They followed this courfe till the 3d of April,\n.when in 30 deg. S. Lat. 174 deg. 22 min* J,.\nLong.#iey found the winds t\u00C2\u00A9 fubfide to a periled!; calm. In this fituation, an exanjination of\ntheir ftores fhewed them, to their unfpeakabJe\naftonifhment and diftrefs, that their bread was\n1 almoft entirely deftroyed by the cock-roach^j\n[Not above a thoufand pound weight of their\njwh\u00C2\u00A9le bread remained unconfumed by thefe in-\ni fe\u00C2\u00A3ls. Some potatoes remained ; and there was\npftill a little pork, with fome rice. f^But no degree of parfimony could make thefe fcanty fup-\nI plies fufficient for the remainder of the voyage.\nlit was therefore determined to fteer for the Marian Iflands, and once more attempt to obtain\n#)me fupplies from the fouthern ifles, among\nwhich they 4ad 4ail a^choredff; Mr. Maurelle\nwas cruelly a'ffliclM by tht^feew neceflky, a&he\njuft got into thofe Itpitudes in which regularly\nblew the winds which he expected to bring him\nhappily to the en^J of his voyage. With variable\n^Jrinds^ieyn\u00C2\u00A9w held their courfe northward.\nA breeze from t%e S. E. arife^ on the 9th of\nAprlii enabled them to geVforty leagues to the\neaftward of the ifles whlcn they had before vifnV\ned. On the 16th, the winds began to blow\nmore gently^iOn the i\"8th, they became more\nbrifk, andMw^fe accompanied with dark clouds\nand heavy rains. At day-break, on the 19th,\nthey held their courfe towards the iflands. They\nhappened to pafs between the two gtfcupes,\nthe Ifles of De Galvez, and thofe of De\nMajorca. Enable, \u00C2\u00BB\u00C2\u00A9n account of advetfe\n via\nLArjaesfcouss's voyage\nwin4j^ to reach the ifl^pr of Minorca; they,\nhowever, difcovered, on the 21ft, to the N. N.\nE. and E. N. E. two ifles, which they named\nCoNS0LAciON<)Jt From thefe ifles, there foon\ncame out a number of canoes laden with provi-\nfions.JbFor fhreds of cloth, to furfpfh which\nthey ft ripped themfelves al moft naked, the S^an-\ni\u00C2\u00A3li failors now obtained fweet potatoes, pigs,\ncocoa-nuts, bananas, and fowls, in confiderable\nplenty. J^lie language of thefe Indians was the.\nfame as.that fpoken in the harbour El Refugio.\nTheir kindnefs to the Spaniards, the fame.\nNineteen of them flept on board the frigate.. And\nforce was even neceflary to oblige them to be\ngone. Ik/They were defirous to prevail with the\nSpaniards to land on their ifl^ and promifed\nvaft ftores of provifions, if their requeft were\ncomplied with.\nOn the 2 2d, at.night, $he frigate's courfe wasj\nrenewed towards the N. N. \V. In this courfe,\na new ifle being difcovered, it received the name\nof Maurelle. \u00C2\u00A3ome canoes came out with provifions from thjf ifle, but were forced back*by\nthe tempeftuous winds which blew, and bathe\nfuelling waves. Lofing n\u00C2\u00A9 favourable moment^\nMr. Maurelle had made his way, on the 5th of\nj^Jay, as far as the 6 deg.^. S. Lat. Here was\nfound a low ifle with afandy fhore, that termi*\nnated in an impenetrable reef, near to which a\nline of more than fifty fathoms?gave nojndica-\ntion of bottom. This ifle was covered with co-,\ncoa-trees. The longboat was lent out with an\narmed party, to bring in a fupply of Cf^oa-nuts.\nBut the breakers of the reef fn^e it impoflible\nfor her to-land. The Indians, however,, launched their canoes,: and came out with fuch fmatt\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n4Mf9\nSupplies of cocoa- nuts as the diifettlty of the\nnavigation would allow them to bring. They\nendeavoured, without fuccefs, to tow in the\nmgate towards the fhore. But after fix hours\nbfifruitlefs labour, the attempt was given up.\nfUie people of this ifle were frightfully befmear-\ned with paints, and differed fomewhat miiheir\nreseech from thofe ofthe more H&uthern ifles.\nTh\u00C2\u00ABy had, for the moft part, long beards, hanging down their breafts. On the 6th, Mr. Mau-\nreflle wasobliged to reduce the daily allowance of\nfood to each man of his crew, to five ounces of\nbread, three ounces of pork, and two ounces of\nbeans. That evening, they faw another ifle,\nlarger and lower than the laft. To this f$eV\njthev gave the name of San AuGustas. On the\nfjjth, they again croffed the Line. Every ap-\njpearance concurred to perfuade thena, that, in\nthe latter .part of this courfe, they had left much\nland to the eaftward. While the crew were\nconfined tef^the above mentioned fmall a$ow-\nlance of bread* every one complained of a weak-\nfnefs of flomach. Their flrerigfth was in general,\n!fo exceedingly enfeebled, that they were now\nhardly able to walk the fhipVSf\"Moft of \"them\n[were attacked with the fcurvyfe On the 24th\nthey found themfelves in 13 deg. 16 min. N.\nLat. aftif aJl danger was at an end. Tfeey fleered. W. by N. for Guam, the capitalfof the Ma-\nrian Ifles. On the 3 i3%^\u00C2\u00A3hey anefcored in the |\nnoad of U*iata.\nPon Ffeftltppe Zerain, governor of this ifle,\nno fooner rece*sfl\u00C2\u00A7& notice of the arrival of thej$\n'Princefo, and of her wants, than he fent on\njboard a temporary fupply of rice, maize, anjfe\nhogs, for Sfen days, to be ufed, if the veffel\nm\n 2$&\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGfE\nfhould, b*3atffv fudden 3ccfdent, be driven from\nthe road $ give daily fupplies of antifcorbutic\nprovifions for the ufe of the crew ; and futiiifh-\ned an \u00C2\u00A9Id anchor to fupply for one of thofe\nwhich had been loft. A wooden anchor was-\nframed to make up forlthe lofs erf the qfher.\nPlater wiffciiext,taken in, w$h all expedition.\nTo their afb&filfbment, they found, that/tby unknown leaking from the calks, their flore of\nwater'fed been, before their arrival in tip road*,\nreduced to lefs than two butts^ Their barrels\nwere entirely fpoiJed : but of thefe alfc^ jjWup-\nply was furnifhed by the care of the goveihor.\nQf eatables was obtai&ed a fupply of about five\nhundred bufhels of maize, two hundred and fix-\nty bufhels \u00C2\u00A9f rice, thirty hogs, twenfy bullocks,\nwith a large quantity of dried meat, of butter,\nof fait, of lamp-oil, of cocoa-nut brandy, with\nMarty cocoa-nuts for the hogs.a On the 20th of\nJune 1781, the Prfocefa was ready for the re-,\nnewal of the voyage. On the 2cth the anchor\nwas weighed. ^In the raifing of the ancHor, the;\nl^sle agaiai unfo^natel^r broUe, and the anchor\nwas loft.\nMi\u00C2\u00A3|j$$kdirelle cltofe to^fteer a northerly';\ncfi'arfe.e Winds from the E. and N. carried\ntBem tabs\u00C2\u00AE deg. 10 min. N. lat. For the next?\neight days,^jtheyrt|xperienced -M. calm that leM\nthem enrirfctjfat the^hercy-'\u00C2\u00A9f thfeawinds^- by\nwhich thev were drifted to the N. W. Oi the\n3d of July, in Lat. 24 deg. 26 mill; the wmds;\nbetween the W. andN. began to blow, at times,\nwith cp&fiderable force, at other times, more\nfaintly. On theeythethey were carried to> Lar\u00C2\u00A3i\n^ deg. 9 min. On the rgth they had reached tlve'iatitudP 27 deg-tp5a min^|On the\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0A.\n round the \vorl$. 2$9\n5th \u00C2\u00A9f Auguft, after a progrefs which had not\n[been very fuccefsful, they fell under the influence of a north-weft wind. Till the 13th they\nIfleered E. bv S. In the interval, the winds had\nbeen extremely variable. On the id thev were\nm JN. Lat. 37 deg. 5 min. and, by accurate reckoning, in 144 deg. 17 min. of longitude W.\nfrom Paris. Till the 3d of September they\nflood to the eaftward. Sea-weeds, and trunks\nof fir-trees floating upon the water, here gave,\nthem the firft indications of the proximity of\nthe land of California. To approach this coaft,\ni they fleered E. S.E. On the 4th, the colour of\nthe waters of the fea began to change : Small\nbirds were alfo feen; and all things confpired\nto indicate that land was nigh. On the 8th they\nfound themfelves but five leagues diftant from\nPoint Pedernal. After obtaining fight of this\npoint, they directed their courfe towards Cape\nSan Lucar. In their courfe, eight leagues\neaftward from the ifland of Guadelupa, they had\nfome days of calm. They next came within\nfight of Morne-Saint-Lazare. On the 2 2d they\nwere near to Cape San Lucar. A dreadful hurricane overtook them on the 25 th. For fix\nhours it continued to rage with fuch fury, that,\neven againft an heavy fea, they were driven on\nat the rate of feven miles and a half, ah hour,\nunder the forefail. On the 26th and 27th, they\ndoubled the Maria Iflands, and came at laft to\nan anchor in the road ofSanBlaz in 21 deg.\n3\u00C2\u00A9 min. N. lat. in 134 deg. 5 min. Long. E.\nfrom Manilla, 107 teg. 6 min. Long. W. from\nParis. In fptte of all theit difficulties, only two\nmen had died on the voyage; one in the\nharbour of Siriran^ the other, of aj^Jrtbififc\nIf\"\nIS\n LA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nThis narrative is of ufe to fhew, how far the^\nSpaniards are acquainted with the ifles of the\n\u00E2\u0099\u00A6South Sea : Maurelle's reckonings are extremely inexact: Yet he is efteemed one of the moft\n\u00C2\u00A9xpcrt of all the Spanifh navigators.\n VOYAGE\nOF\nCAPTAIN GEORGE VANCOUVER.\nill\n1_ HE fmaller quadrupeds inhabiting the extreme northern latitudes, are furnifhed by nature with coverings of furs, which form almoft a\nfufiVient protection againft the colds to which\nthey are there expofed. Neceffity, always taught\nthe human inhabitants of the fame climates to\nclothe themfelves with the fkins of thefe animals while thev fubfitl chiefly upon their flefh.\nAt once warmer and' more beautiful than any\ntexture which men can fabricate, thefe furs5\nhave, hence, become objeas of the higheft efti.\nmation for clothing, as well among the civilized\nnations of the temperate zones who poffefs*\nrich diverfity of other articles for drefs, as among\nhe almoft polar favages, who can procure\nnothing clfe to cover their nakednefs. Hence\nhCommercial importance of Siberia to d*\nRuffian Empire, of. Canada, and of the hdo^\nries on Hudfon's Bay, to Britain, .\nAaa 2 '\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 ' . .\n8\n 94\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nAmong ail the civilized nations in the tempe-1\nrate, nay even in the torpid regions of the earth,\nthere is a very eager demand for furs. Thefe\nare to be obtained only from the hunters in the\nnorthern regions of Europe, Afia, and America.\nRuffia and Great Britain have, for a while, pof-\nfeffed, almoft exclufively, the trade in thefe furs.\nFrom Siberia, the Riffians have long-been wont\nto fend, by annual caravans, to Kiatcha on the\nconfines of China, vaft quantities of furs, which\nthe Chinefe there purchafe from them at enormous prices ; while they alfo furnifh very large\nfupplies to the vanity and luxury of the people ofthe middle and fouthern regions of Europe. Canada and Hudfon's Bay, furnifh the\nmerchants of Britain, alfo, with great quantifies of furs, Which they partly fell in Europe,\nand ki .part export to China. The quantity of\nfurs which call be procured, is always excee-\ndingly unequal to the demand for them. Hence,\nno article that is, at prefent, the fubje\u00C2\u00A3t of com-.\nmerce, affords laiger profits to the merchant.\nFor the Chinefe, who will fcarcehj* accept any\nihing but gold and filler for thofe vaft quantities of teas which Britifh merchants purchafe\nfrom them > it has become an object of great\ncommercial concern for Britain, to procure\nan..- \u00C2\u00A3rt:c:c which they efteem fo highly as\nfurs, and for which they are willing to pay\nat fo dear a rate. Hence, when CoOK difcovered, is* the iN0tth-weft eeafts of America, an\nirnmenfe fur-country, far richer in this produce\nthan thofe regions out of whiefc the merchants\nand hunters of European commerce had been\nJong, exterminating the fur-bearing quadrupeds \u00E2\u0080\u00A2,\nthe attention of Briufh merchants was inilantly\nJ\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n\u00C2\u00AB95\nturned w^h great eaj|peftnefs upon the difggve-\nry *, and it was foon refolved to feek, from the\nterritories round Nootka Sound, a fupply which\nifcight enable the Britifh to anderfell the Ruffians in the Chinefe market.\nAn expedition from London was foon undertaken at the expence of fome opulent and enlightened merchants ; and two fhips of confide-\njrable burthen failed upon it, under the command of Captains Portlock and Dixon, officers\nof dillinguiihed fpirit, prudence, and nautical\nexperience. Other adventures for the fame\nNorth-Weft coaft of America, and for frujs,\nwere fitted out from Bengal. Among other\ncommanders, to whom was intrufted the conduct.\nof thefe adventures, was Captain J. Meares,\nwho, though lefs cautious and prudent, perhaps,\nthan fome others, appears to have been emi-.\nnerttly bold, perfevering, fertile in expedients,\nand endowed with liberal and enlarged intelligence. In the firft voyage which he conducted,\nthe imprudent ufe of ^ritous liquors, with other di&dvantages, made a terrible havock of his\ncrew. Yet, in procuring furs of the moft valuable quality, he was remarkably fuccefsful. In\na fecond voyage, his fuccefs- was not lefs 5\nand he was fopfunate in preferving his, crew\npifom fuffering by. any e#raon$|nary mortality.\nIt was imagined that Cook'sdifcogpery of-thefe\nwhole coafts, bat in pattie^ar of Nootka Sound.,\ngave to Britons, in.an .nnqueftionable maimer,\nall that right to the fovereignty jof thefe regions\nwhich difcovery-. and occupancy are belieyed to\nconfer. Meares erected a fort of fort, and ,be-\nlieved that he had fecured forl^mfelf and, &fe\nemplay#sfrr$ke fuj-trade of this found, when4j\u00C2\u00A9\n 2f\u00C2\u00A76\nLA PEYROUSE'S VOYAGE\n\"was fuddenly expelled from his fituation, and\ntreated by the Spaniards with all the violence due\nto a Buccaneer.\nFor though other nations were little capable\nof the liberal nautical views that fent out thofe\nimportant expeditions for difcovery, which havjj\nbeen performed by Britons, in the courfe of the\nprefent reign ; yet they have been fufficiently\neager to avail themfelves of every advantage'\nwhich the difcoveries of Cook, and other Br*|\ntons, have opened out to commerce or to con-\nqfteft. From the ports of the United States of\nAmerica, from thofe of Ruffia,from thofe of Spanifh America, expeditions for profecuting the futr j\ntrade, .on the north-weft coaft of America, were\neagerly fitted out, asfcon as Cook's difcoveries\nhad been made generally known. I he Spaniards,\ntrading tothe aid of France, and Hill ambitious to\nkeep as much as poffible of America in their pof-\nfeffion, though they keep it abfolutely de folate,\nwere foon anxious toexcludeallether nation s3 and\nparticularly the Britifl), by whom it had beojB\ndifcovered, from this north-weft American coaft.\nIn the aifinrof Falkland Ifles, they had experienced, with what tamenefs a Britifh Miniftry,.\ncan fubmit to infultand difhoncr, even from a\nweak foe;--;France was ftill ready to fupport\nSpain, and to humble Britain^ The Spaniards\nthought that they might \"again, with impunity,\nventure to.infult dieBriftfh Government\u00C2\u00A3andt\u00C2\u00AB|\ndeprive its. fubjetjJs^.of their rights. . Hence were\nMeares, and other \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 advenwrers in fhe; !%.,\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\ntrade, driven ~;:frOm:\".:tiie coali of%$C\u00C2\u00A9otkar,r\nand maltreated^a* Buccaneers, by the Spaniards\u00E2\u0084\u00A2\n3The Spaniards'refoived, if poffible, to engrofs,\n'the fur UtiSt'fQt tJfcrmffjfres, and,to make t*#m*f\n ROUND THE WORLW\n297\nfelves exclufive mafters of the weftern coaft of\nAmerica, as far northward as its coaft was ac-\nfceffible.\nBritifh fubjecls injured, carried their complaints to the Government, to the Legifhture,\nto all their fellow-fubjecls. It was impoffible\nit\u00C2\u00A9 evade hearing them. Remonftranoes were\njoffered to the Spanifh Court ; naval prepara*\nftions were made. It was talked, that, if the\nSpaniards refuted conceffion, the wrongs of the\nphritifh merchants and navigators muft be redref\u00C2\u00A3-\ned by force of arms. Supported, encouiaged\nby France ; remembering how a Britifh Mini&\njtry had been dealt with in the affairs of Falkland's Iflands ; the Spaniards talked loftily and\nevafively, lengthened out negociation; at laft,\nmade a conceffion, in accepting which, it feem!\u00C2\u00BB\nIto have been agreed, that the BritHh Miniftry\nfhould virtually facrifice the right in difpute.\nTo reCfJve the offered furrer der of tJie violated\nBritifh poffeffions at Nootki Sound from the\nSpaniards, Captain George Vancouver was fent\nmt with two fmall fhips of war, under his com-\nnand. Having, before failed with Cook, he\nwas well qualified for fuch a voyage. In the\nbarrative which he prenared for the prefs, but\nlived not to publifh, he has evinced how ?rruV\nrentlv he was qualified to make his expedition\nS/aluable, as a voyage of dUeovery! what a mock*\n;ry the Spaniards were, by the very treaty, fuffer-\n*d to make of that furrender, which he went out\nbo receive from them !\nCaptain Vancouver's inftru&ions from the\nl,ords of the Admiralty directed him to make a\ntew examination and furvey of 'the Sandwich\n[lies 5 to proceed from thefe to tfc\u00C2\u00A7 northrwefl^\n 298\nLA PEYR&USE's VOYAGE\ncoaft of America 5 to recefve the formal fur^\nrender of the buildings and territory, of which\ncertain fubjeds of his Britifh Majefty had been\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2difpoffeffed by the Spaniards in the year 1789 :\nto explore the north-weft coaft of America,\nfrom 30 deg. to 60 deg. N. Lat. with a view to\nthe difcovery of a paffage in thefe latitudes, between the weftern and the eaftern fide of the\nAmerican continent: and to examine, alfo, the\nS. W. Shores of America, from the fcene of the\nmoft fouthern Spanifh fettlement to the very\nibuthefn extremity of America. In accomplilh-\n$kg thefe objecls, Captain Vancouver was farther directed to conduft himfelf peaceably, upon every opportunity \u00C2\u00A9f intercourfe with the\nfubjects of other powers; and, after his deftined jfurveys fhould be completed, to return to^s\n-Britain,: if poffible, by the way of Cape Horn.\n. a in the beginning of January, 1791, Captain\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2Vancouver prepared to fail from BritaiS The\nDifcovery was under his own immediate command; the Chatham, likewife under his orders,\nwas commanded by Lieutenant W. R. Broughton. Various caufes of delay, detained them\ntill the month of April, on the Englifh coaft.\nOn the evening of Thurfday, the 28th of the\n-fame month, they arrived in the road of Santa\nCruz, before the ifland of Teneriffe. Here they\n\u00C2\u00A9btained very good wine, water, and beef, for\nfea-ftores ; but found the fruits, vegetabiesia\ngeneral, and poultry, to be both very indifferent\nin quality, and very dear. From the Spanifh\nGovernor of this and the other Canary ifles, the\ngentlemen who went on fhore, experienced bu$\nan uncourteous and inhofpitable reception. Had\nit not been_for the kindnefs of Mr. Rhoney,T^\nJ\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n299\nIrifli gentleman, they could not have obtained\n3n the ifle, either a dinner, or even the temporary fhelter of a roof. From Teneriffe, they\nfailed ftraight for the Cape of Good Hope. On\nthe evening of Sunday, the 10th of July, they\ninchored in Simon's Bay, at that Cape. Mr.\nprandt, the Dutch Commandant, in the port, received them with the moft polite ana\" benignant\npofpitaiity. Their 'wants were foon happily\nupplied : their repairs were made ; they had\njnuch agreeable and friendly intercourse with-\nthe inhabitants of the place. On the evening of\n|:he 17th of Auguft, after a longer delay than;\n\hey had at firft intended, they again fet fail.\niDirecling their courfe towards the coaft \u00C2\u00A9f New-\nHolland, they now failed onwards, for a while,\n[without any very remaikable accident or obfer-\nvationM A flux attacked the health of the crew ;\nbut they did not, as yet, materially fiiffer from\n[fcurvy. At length they arrived within fight of\nthe weftern coaft of the land to which their\n[courfe was deftined. They explored its S. W.\n(divifion, with an accuracy which had; not been\nattained by former navigators. New points,\nbreeks, ftreams, habitations, and contiguous ifl-\n\u00C2\u00BBts, prefented themfelves to their difcoverv**l:Iu\n[an extent, however, of an hundred and ten\nleagues of coaft, they found only one very excellent harbour. Its fituation is in, nearly, 35 deg.\n- min. S. Lat. 118 deg. 17 min. E. Longitude,\nfrhey gave it the name of King George the\nThird's Sound.\nWood, water, fifties, were here found in a fuf-\npcienf abundance for the fupply of their wants.\nHead-lands and iflets protect the harbour, al-\nppft on all fides. JLuxuriaat grafs was few t$\n $m\nLA PEYROUSE'S VOYAGE\ncover extenfive; trads of the adjacent landilp\nMuch of the lower ground was morafs. The\nfoil was deeply colouted by ochraceous matter,\nTknd was perceived to communicate a fimilar colour to the waters.** Coral appears to be the principal fubftratum lying immediately under the\nmixed vegetative foil. The hills rife with a gentle elevation, which does not feem to bid defiance j\nfg$'the plough. The moft common of the foreft'\ntrees greatly refemble the holly. The larger1\ntrees feem to be of that fpecies which is called\nthe gum-tree of New South Wales. Myrtles, not\nUnlike to the pimento tree of the \"Weft Indies,\nare alfo very plentiful. A dead kangaroo wa*s\nthe only quadruped which thefe Englifh navigators had occafion to~ fee here: Vultures, hawks,\nparrots, and a few other land-birds, attracted\ntheir notice. The black fwan, the black and\nwhke pelican, grey curlieus, and fea-pies, were\nthe moft common aquatic fowls. The fnook,]\nthe calipevar of Jamaica, the white mullet, rock4\nfifties, maekarels, herrings, were am\u00C2\u00A9ng the fea-\nfifhes which the Englifh voyagers caught in this*\nfound. Whales and feals likewife played round]\n-the fhips in great numbers, and with great fa-^\n*mliarit^#i A few fnakes and lizards, beetles,\nflies, and mufketoes, were the reptiles and infects. The climate feems to be mild and agreeable. No unufbal violence of the winds^ was felt\nen this coaft. At that time in the year which\nanfwCrs to the beginning of April in the northern hemifphere, the mercury in Fahrenheit^\nthermometer ftood at 53 deg. In the barometer, the indications were from 29 deg. to 30 deg.\n50 min. None of the natives of this icoaft had\nany tnfercourfe wifh the E\u00C2\u00ABglifti voyagers, Two\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n301\ntojf-their villages were, however, vifited. The\nhoufes or huts have much ofthe form and afpect\nof the ftraw-thatched bee-hives common in Britain. The larger trees^ in the vicinity of thefe\nvillages had been hallowed outj by fire, fo as\nto afford cccafional fhelter to the people. No\nfortof proper houfehold furniture was feen inany\nof the huts. The only implements were flicks\nivery rudely fafhioned by manual labour, into\nfpears. Appearances fuggefted, that thefe peo- '\npie muft derive their means of fu-bfiftence rather from the land than from the ocean. Much\nhavock appeared to have been made among the\nwoods by the carelefs ufe of fire. Our voyagers\n/ JO\npid not fail) without leaving for the abfent natives, a prefent of beads, knives, looking-glaffes*\nland otner trinkets.\nOn Tuefday,the irthof October, they weighs\ned anchor, and failed from King George'sSound.\n[They ngw bent their courfe for Otaheite. The\ndyfentery had not yet ceafed to affii\u00C2\u00A3l the fhips*\ncompanies : And there was no other place alike\njnear, where they might hope to find fuch an\n[abundance of equally falutary refremmen^iflAt\nthe hour of nine in the forenoon of the 2d of\n|November, they arrived within fight of the coaffc-\nNew Zealand. Here they foon came to an-\n0\njchor in Dufky Bay. They afterwards worked\nitbe veffels into Facile Harbour. Parties were,\nwithout delay, fent on fhcre to cut wood for fu*-\n\e\, fpars, and planks, to brew fpruce-beer, to re-\njpair the fails and rigging, to procure frefh tithes\nfor the fhips' crews, &c. in a very fliort time,\nthe neeeffuy labours were happily difpatched.\nA party of the gentlemen now fet out on an ex-\n^urfion, to explore the bay mors particularly tliw\nBb\n ^PEY^ROlF^^VO Y AG E\nhad been done by Captain Co\u00C2\u00A9k< They landed in\nfome of the coves frequented by the natives, but\nmet with none of thefe people. Their excutpen\nenabled thereto make fome additions toCo\u00C2\u00A9k'sex-\ncellent map of this bay. On the 18th they again\ni fet fail. The fallubrious air, and the different\nrefrefhnients whioh were here procured, contributed in a very effential manner, to reftore and\nto preferve the Siealth of the ciews* In their\nprogrefs towards Otaheite, they difcovered a\ncluftureof feven craggy ifles ; of which the larg-\neft is fituatei'n-48 deg/3 min. S. Latitude in 166\ndeg. 20 min. E. Longitude, which had efeaped\nthe notice of Cook j and to which, on account\nI of their fituation and appearance, Captain Vancouver thought proper to give the name cf the\nSnares. ||On Thurfday, the 22d of December,\ni they arrived withinfightof one of theSociety Ifles.\nSome of the natives foon haftened out in their\n..canoes, to reconnoitre the fhips. The Englifh\nadvanced to meet them. They were wtth difficulty perfuaded to come on-board the Britifh\nfhips. It feemed that thefe iflanders had never\nfeen any fuch fhips beforei They were, however, not unacquainted with the ufes of iron, ne%\nwith thofe articles of European manufacture\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0'which former voyagers had left in the hands-of\n4 ^y\nthe inhabitants of fome neighbouring ifles.\nThey preferred iron to every thing elfe which\nthe Britifh navigators had to oner. A few'\nfpears, a club or two, fome indifferent flings,\nwere obferved in their canoes; Two or threei\nof them were for about an hour on board Captain Vancouver's fhip. But their attention was\nfo unfixed; they were in fuch a ftate of giddy\nffmazement-at the objects which they faw \ their\n ROUND THf WORLBs\nlanguage was f\u00C2\u00A9 utterly .unknown to the Britifh 5-\nthat it was impoffible to obtain from them, any\nfatisfa&ory information concerning their ifland\nand tlaeir fellow countrymen. Towereroo, a\nnative of the Sandwich Ifles, failed on board\nthe difcovery, on his return from Britain to his\n\u00C2\u00A9wn country. But he remembered too little of\n-his na\"dh*e language, to be materially ufeful on\nthis occa;6on, as an interpreter.' From the an-\nfwers of thefe people, however, Captain Vancouver was led to believe the name of their ifle\nto be Oparo, that of their chief to be Korie.\nThe ifle is fituate in 27 deg. 36 min. S. Lat.\nin 215 deg. 58 min- 28 fee. W. from Greenwich. Its fhores feem to be eafily acceffible.\nIt has fome fmall bays in wh^on vefielsmay find\nj .fhelter. Its greatefl diamatrical extent is about\njhx miles and \"a half: Its circumference maybe\neighteen miles. It confifts of a duller of lofty\nand craggy hills ; which tower up in fome roi\nmantic pkinacles ; and which rife with a very\nabrupt elevation from the fea-fhore. The fpa-\n\u00C2\u00A9es between the IjJHs feem rather chafms than\nvales. They are covered chiefly .with fhrubs\nand dwarfifh trees. On the tops of fix of t|^\nhigheft hills, tliere feemed to be a fort of biock-\nhoufe, like a Britifh glafs-houfe, with fortifications formed by wooden pallifades, and extending for fome length down the hill. People were\nfeen amid thefe fortiications. About thirty canoes, moftly double, were obferved at the fhore.\nThe ifle feemed to afford no large timber. The\nnumber of the inhabitants nny be eftimated afc\nfifteen hundred. Though the ifle prefented no\nconfideraye marks of fertility ; yet the people,\nfeemed to be well fed, were handfome in iormr\n m\nLA PEYROUSE S YOYAGE\nof moderate ft|ture, not deformed with f^ars,\nmild and benign in their manners. Leaving\nOparo, our voyagers proceeded with a fair and\neafy courfe, till, on Friday the 28th of December, they anchored in the bay of Matavai, on the\nnorthern coaft of Otaheite.\nOn his arrival at Otaheitej Captain Vanvou-\nver iffued immediate orders, enjoining his people to act in an uniformly pacific and friendly\nmanner, in all their intercourfe with the natives ;\nprohibiting trade otherwife than by the intermediation of proper agents, till the fhips fhould be\nfupplied with provifions ; directing the officers\nand feamen, diligently to difcharge their different duties 5 and threatening the proper punifli-\nments againft any attempt to embezzle the king's\nflores, belonging to the veffels.\nMr. Broughton, with the Chatham, had been\ndivided from the Difcovery, in the paffage from\nFacile harbour*^ At Matavai bay, he was again\novertaken. He had difcovered, in his progrefs,\nChatham Iflliid, and fome other ifles, inhabited\nby a flout race of people with whom a conteft\narofe, and -fituate in 43 deg. 49 min. $k Lat. in\n183 deg. 2q min. W. Long.\nThe natives of Otaheite gathered eagerly\naround our voyagers, as they came to anchor in\nthe bay. Captain Vancouver, who had been a\ncompanion of fome of the voyagers of Cook, was\nimpatient to enquire after his old Otaheitean ac-'\nquaintance.f?Moft of the friends whom he left\nhere in the year i7/7\u00C2\u00BB were now dead. But\nOtoo, with his father, brothers and fillers ; and'\nPoatatow, with his family ; ftill furvived. Otoo\nhad, however, retired to Eimeo or Morea ; leav-,\ning to his eldeH fon the fovereignty over this andi\n ROUxMD THE WORLD.\n30$:\nthe neighbouring ifles. The young king had af-\nfumed the name of Otoo ; and old Otoo was\nnow called Pomurrey. Prefents from the prefent Otoo, had been fent to Mr. Broughton, before Captain Vancouver's arrival. The meffen-\nger whom Captain Vancouver fent on fhore, to\npay his firft compliments to Otoo, returned wit&\na pig and a plantain-leaf, the prefents and tokens of anaity. An interview was propofed -,\nOtoo came down to the fea-fhore,eand Captain\nVancouver went on land for this purpofe. Otoo\nappeared a boy, of about nine years of age ; was\nclothed in a garment of red Englifh cloth, with\nornaments of pigeons'feathers ; and was borne\nupon the fhoulders of a ferrant. *\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 The ceremonies ofthe interview were foon over. The fove-\nreign,by the direction of his attendants, gra-\ncioufly heard from the Britons proffers of friend-\nfhip, and promifed thofe fupplies of provifions\nwhich they afked*^ At the requeft of Otoo, Captain^ Vancouver readily agreed to lend a meffen*\n.ger to the ifle of Morea,. for his friend Pomurrey. The Britons, in the mean time, fet up\ntheir tents and obfervatory on fhore ; and, without lofs of time, endeavoured to make the neceffary repairs, and to take in the requifite fupplies. On Mondays the 2d of January ,17^2,\nPomurrey arrived, with the Englifh gentlemen\nwho had gone to,, wai^npon him. With,him\ncame alfo. Matooara Mahow, the fubordinate\nchief of Morea, who Was apparently in the laft\nftage of a deep confumption. Pomurrey readily recognized Captain Vancouver as his old acquaintance. Cloth, hogs, fowls, and vegetables, were foon prefented in plenty, to theBrit-\nifh gentlemen, by the Otahekean chiefs- Axe% \\nB b \u00E2\u0084\u00A2r-\n.\n 3o5\nLA PEYROUSE's VOYAGE\nand other fuitable prefents, were given t\u00C2\u00A9 the\nOtaheiteans in return. Among the chiefs who\nvifited the Britons at their tents and fhips, was\nPoeno of Matavai, who brought a portrait of\nCaptain Cook, that was drawn by Mr. Webber,\nin the year 1777, which rerriMns always in the\nhoufe of the chiefs of Matavai, and has become\nthe public regifter ', having the dates of the atijf;\nrival and departure of foreign fhips inferred on\nits back. Pomurrey -aM Mahow, with their\nwives dined in Captain Vancouver's cabin, in\nfpite of Captain Vancouver's cautions to tjie contrary, Pomurrey would intoxicate himfelf with\nbrandy, till he fuffered feverely from its fiefcen-\ning effets. Young Otoo was carried round the\nencampments; and the Britifh gentlemen had\nnow an opportunity of learning, that whatever\nutenfils had been once ufed by the Otaheitean\nfovereign, muft be immediately deftroyed or eaft\naway, as it cannot be ufed, without a crime, by\nany perfon jfelfe. The father and brothers of\nPomurrey came alfo to vifit his Britifh friends*\nThey all paid the moft refpedlful homage to the\ninfant Otoo, Pomurrey's fon. A difplay of\nfire-works was one of the means of entertainment which Captain Vancouver prefented to\namufe his illuftrious friends. Poatatow, after\nfome days, came down to the fcene of the Brit^\n-iih^en^smpment. He came with a magnificent\nprefent of hogs, vegetables, cloth, mats, &c. to\nhis old friend, Vancouver. Every thing, but\nwood for fuel, had been obtained in abundance ;\nand our voyagers liad advanced far in the preparations for the renewal of their voyage ; when\nfome &f the chiefs offered to furnifh Captain\nVancouver with abund^cealfo of fire-wood, if\n ROUND THE WORLD*\n307\nhef would lend them axes to cut it down, as they\nwere unwilling to wear out their own axes in\nfuch a-fervice. The axes were lent, and the\nwood was furni(hed3f Except only the daughter\nof Opoone, chief of the Bolabola, all the princes\nof all this groupe of ifles, were now affembled at\nthe Britifh camp and fhips. Avery magnificent*\nprefent was, after fome time, offered by Pomur-\nffey, in return for allthat he had received from\nthe liberality of Captain Vancouver. It confided\nof fome very-large hogs, with cloth, fowls, and\nvegetables, in abundance. On Saturday, the\n14th of January, a meffage from Pomurrey informed the Brilffh commander of the death of\nMahow, the chieftain whofe liberal curiofity had\nbrought him to vifit their fhips, even in the laft\nfl'age of a mortal diftemper. Captain Vancouver wifhed much to attend the funeral of the\ndeceafed chief; but his defire was balked by the\nreligious delicacy 'of the Otaheiteans. The\ndeath of Mahow was regretted with many ex-\npreffibns of the deepefl forrow. The women\nwounded themfelves with fhark's teeth ; and\nJthe men lamented hirri\" with wailing and tears.\nHis body was, after the accuftomed mode of burial %i thefe ifles, depoftted in a Morai. Some\n\u00C2\u00A9f the gentlemen belonging to the Britifh'fhips,\n'mak&ng an excurfion among the ifles, were every,\nwhere entertained by the natives, with the kind-\neft hofpitality. The mourning for Mahow was\nprolonged, during many days ; and Captain\nVancouver was, at his own defire, permitted, at\none time to act a part among the mourners.\nSome petty thefts were, in the mean while, committed by the natives upon the\u00C2\u00ABf>roperty of theij|\ntk'fliSh friends * But, the ftokn property was,\n So3\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nfor the mod part, with little difficulty, recovea^r\ned. Since Commodore Cook laft vifited thefjj\nifles, there had been long difcenfions and wars,\nhi confequence of which, moft of the animals\nwhich he left here to breed, had been deftroyed.\nA marriage had reconciled the contending\nchiefs, and united their family intereft. The\nwhole ifle of Otaheite was, not merely in name,\nbut in reality, fubjefl to one Sovereign. A\nlong period of tranquility had been enjoyed.\nEven the contiguous ifle of Huaheine, now\nowned the fovere%nty of the Otaheitean Otoo.\nIn Huaheine, Omaihad died without children ;\nand his houfe and-other property had fallen into\nthe pofleffion of the immediate chief of that ifle.\nOmai had been much refpe\u00C2\u00A3led in Huaheine,,\nduring his life ; and he died umveirfally lamented. It was a fatal fwelling in the. throat, a dif-\neafe caugjit from the crew of a Spanifh veflel, by\nwhich he died. Young Otoo was likely, from,\ncireumftances too tedious for a detail in this\nplace, to attain the fovereignty of almoft the\nwhole of the Soefefcv Mes. The whole Otahei-\ntean princes, but particularly Pomurrey, for himfelf, and in the name of his fon, profeffed themfelves the faithful allies of Britain and King\nGeorge. Pomurrey would gladly have drawn\nfrom Captain Vancouver a prornife to procure a\nBritifh fhip of war, to be fent out, after his own\nreturn, to conquer all the furrounding ifles\nfor his Otaheitean Majefly. Captain Vancouver faw, wubvpleafure, that the intelligence\n.and the general character of Pomurrey, had been\neminently improved, fince the sera of their firft\nacquaintance. \u00C2\u00A3Je a&edwith a generofity, benevolence, uprigb$ijefS| and politenefsjiin hqj in-\nJ\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n3&9\ntercourfe with the Britons, which would have\ndone honour to any European nobleman j and\nhe evinced a defire to become acquainted with\nthe Britifh arts, fuch as befpoke a mind expanded\nfor the reception of liberal and ufeful knowledge,\nand at the fame time fully capable of appreciating all its value. Already,have the people of\nOtaheite, and the ifles immediately circumjacent,\nbegun to forget the ufe of all their own ancient\nimplements and utenfils, in the preference which,\nthey have learned to give to the implements and\nutenfils of Europe. Nothing of importance in the\nlabours of thefe people can now be done,without\nthe axes, files, knives, fifhing-hooks, fchTors, &c.\nof Europe. Few fpecimens \u00C2\u00A9f their old tools of\nbone or flone, are now to be feen among them..\nEnglifh red cloth and linens, too, have obtained\nfuch a reception among them, that they begin\nto neglecT the culture of their own cloth-plant.\nShould they be deprived of future fupplies of\nEuropean commodities ; they would certainly\nfink into a condition more uncomfortable than\nthat in which their firft European difcoverers\nfound them. One material advantage, in the\ninduftry and ceconomy of the inhabitants of thefe\nifles, has indeed been derived from- their acquaintance and trafficking intercourfe with voyagers from Europe : Hogs, and provifions of all\nforts, being fufcept-ible $f fale to the fir anger voy-\navers ; have hence been reared and cultivated with\ngreater care, and in a confiderably greater abun--\ndance, than before. The commodities of Europe\nftill retain all their primary value in traffic with\nthefe people. Three large hogs, weighing from-\none to two hundred pounds each, were, J|y the\nfcg\u00C2\u00BB$ation of Pomurrey, the ft ipulated- price fos<\n 3'LO L A. rPE YROUSE V^GY|fsG E\nan axe ; and other things of an ufeful chara\u00C2\u00A3tdf\nwere paid for, in a fimilar ratio of value. In the\"\nlate wars, almoft all the European plants and\njanimaJs left here by Commodore Cook, have\nbeen deftroyed. j A few fhaddoeks, a little maiz|\nof good quality, fome coarfe radifhes, and a fell\npods of the capficon, were all the produce Cap!\ntain Vancouver could fee, of the various exojdjjl\nvegetables whioh have been, from time to time,\nintroduced her\u00C2\u00A9; The milk of the goats has not5\nbeen hitherto adopted as an article of food : Nor\niiave they multiplied to any very great number*\nBut, the race is not likely to be exterminated :\nCaptain Vancouver procured, here, fome pairs\nwhich he took withltfm for the Sandwich ifles.\nOn Tuefday^he 24fch of January, our voyagers ^iled from the bay of Matavai, for the\nSandwich Ifles. They felt regret in finding\ntheir progrefs to have been coUfiderably flower\nthan they had expotjted when they departed\nl|om Britain. The winds were favourable.\nHo accidents occurred to interrupt their\ncourfe- No new difcoveries met their obr\nfevation.. - The ferenity of the flcies allowed\nthem to make fome accurate aftronomical observations. On Thurfday, the firft-of March, they\narrived, fcrappily, within fig}it of Owhyhee. f\u00C2\u00A3\u00C2\u00ABOn\nits coaft, they found themfelves in 18 deg. 9\nmin. N. Lat. in 209 deg. 33 min. by reckoning,\nbut by the^ir chronometer 204 deg. 19 min. E.\nLong, from Greenwich. In the morning \u00C2\u00A9f Fri- -\n.day, the 2d, fome canoes came out with pigs\nand vegitables ; and among the latter, were\nfome excellent water-melons. But the priced\ndemanded, were enormous: And the natives\nfeemea far from anxious to deal with the ftran#\n^AMtt^^di\n JCOUND THE WORLW\npfs. The fhips were, foon after, carried into\n|;he bay of Karakakooa.\nOther canoes again came out. Tianna, a\nthief who had vifited China under the protection of the captain of a merchant fliip in the fur-\ntrade, and had rifen by the friendihip of his\nBritifh proteeTors, to the rank of a chief in this\njfland, came out in one of thefe canoes. He was\nReceived with kindnefs and refpedl. He aflved\"\nfor his Britifh friend Mr. Meares; and told, that\npPamaahrnaaha had by his aid obtained the fove-\nreignty of the three northern diflriels of the'\nIfle, while that of the two fouthern diilri&s had\nbeen aifigned to Tianna-himfelf^ No European\npeflels had touched at thefe ifles fince the au-\niumn of the preceding year. About that time,\nfhey had been vifited by three or four American\nprigs, and by a veffel from Macao. Tianna\niriewed with admiration, and at the fame time\npith the moft vigilant attention, all the tranfac-\n:ions, and the apparatus of the Britifh fhips. He\nheld long conventions with young Towereroo.\nAt laft, he requefted Captain Vancouver to convey himfelf with a- confiderable company of attendants, to the more northern Sandwich ifles,\nwhich the Britifh fhips were to vifit, after leav~\ning Owhyhee. Large promifes from Tianna engaged Towereroo to fettle under his protection\nin Owhyhee, inftead of proceeding to his native\nifle of Morotoi. To Towereroo5s care, Captain\n[Vancouver intruded a letter for the officer who\nwas to arrive here with a veffel bringing ftores;\nand provifions for the ufe of the Difcovery and\nkhe Chatham. Anothe rchief, named Kahow-\nImotoo, became feow after know\" to*tur voyagers* and prefented to*thema valuable quantity\n *>93\nJP\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\n\u00C2\u00A9f excellent'|fcovifions. Tianna, when the time:\nfor the departure of the Britifh fhips, arrived,\nwas led to alter his firft refolution, and to decline the voyage for which he had before foliated a paflage. Both he and Kahowmotoo, with\nall the inferior chiefs,fhewed an anxious defire\nto obtain the feeds and plants of thofe exotic vegetables, which their intercourfe with foreigner!]\nhad taught .them to value. A goat and kid,\nfome fine orange plants, and a packet of. different garden-feeds, were bellowed upon Kahowmotoo i and were received by him, with une-\nquivocal expreffions of the higheft fatisfaction.\nFrom Owhyhee, our navigators foon purfued I\ntheir voyage towards the reft of the Sandwich\nIfles. As they failed on, before the E. N. E.\ntrade-wind, they were vifited by fome canoes\nfrom Rami, which however brought them no\nfupplies of frefh provifions. On the 7th the\nDifcovery eaft anchor, on the coaft of'the ifland\n\u00C2\u00A9f Woahoo, in the bay of Whvteete. Some of\nthe natives came immediately on board, bringing\na fmall fupply of refreshments, of which, very\nexcellent raufk-melons, and water-melons, formed a confiderable part. The greater number of\nthe inhabitants of the coaft, were at this time ab-\nfent on a military expedition, with their chiefs.\nTiteree and Taio, who had been for fome time\nat war with the chief of Owhyhee. But many\nvillages were feen contiguous to the fea-fhore |\nThe face of the country was remarkable for pic-\nturefque beauty \u00E2\u0080\u00A2, and the fields difplayed, at\n-once, great fertility of feil, with no mean fkill\nand diligence of cultivation. During his, flay\nin this harbour, Captain Vancouver had fome\niisceffary repairs made upoa his fhip, and ends**\n ItfJUND i\u00C2\u00A3f&'WOgt\u00C2\u00A3\u00C2\u00A3g.\n.**\nl?oured, but with little fuccefs to obtain a new\nfupply of water. In fearch of water, he made\nan excurfion into the ifle, to fome diftance from\nthe coaft. The fields were there feen to-be divided from one another by low ftonerWaHs \u00C2\u00A7\nwere planted with the edao and taro roots 5 were\nin a high ftate of culture', and were inundated,\nfor the purpofe of promoting the growth of\nthefe vegetables.\" The natives were every where\ngentle and inoffenfive ^ but fhewed no eager\nanxiety to ingratiate themfelves with the ftran-\ngers. Two of the natives, however, condu\u00C2\u00A3re$e\nthera\u00C2\u00BB as guides ; and made a hog, with a quan-\n$t^ of vegetables, t\u00C2\u00A9 be prepared fer^their entertainment, ilpefe, was a rivulet of-good water;\nbut its courfe was at fome diftance from the fla-\ntion of the fhips : And the natives could not be\nperfuaded to lend their affiftance towards bring*\ning it on board in any confiderable quantity*\nThe ftation of the fhips, in the bay of Why-teeter\nwas found to be in 21 deg. 16 min. 47 fee- N;\nLat. in 2\u00C2\u00A92 deg. 9 min. 37 fee. K Long. $W&i\nWoahoo, our voyagers failed for Wiit-MEA-BAY,\nin the ifland of AttcHvai.\nTheir courfe was fliort and cafy. At nine\no'clock, in the evening of Friday, the 9th of\nInarch, they anchored in the^eftined ftation, on\nthe coaft of Ottowai. Immediately after their\narrival, they were vifited by the natives. Cape\ntain Vancouver himfelf, with others of im^M^-\ntiemen who failed with him, went on fhore. A\nperfon ofthe name of Rehooa offered his fervi-\n^ees to regulatWtheir intercourfe^Vith the reft of\nthe people; Two good: houfes were appropr^i\nted by the ceremony of the wd&bOi for their ac-\ns\u00C2\u00A3o\u00C2\u00AB&ioda%ka\u00C2\u00BB: '$$& &ace of ground w^s4ikewjfe\nW-\n 3*4\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nfenced in with ftaks, for their ufe ; and the natives were forbidden to enter it. A traffic for\nprovifions and fuel, commenced j and the natives readily gave their affiftance in filling the\n\"*cafks with water, and then rolling them from\ntiie watering-place to the boats. Captain Vancouver, with his friends, next fet out upon an\ncxcurfion through the ifie. A plain, \u00C2\u00A9f confiderable extent, fpreads out from the bafe of the\nhills to the fea-fhore. The taro plant, fome fu-\ngar-canes, and fweet potatoes, are the vegitables\nwhich grow in the cultivated fields. The taro\nimplanted on wet grounds ; the other vegetables on thofe which are drier. The fides of the\n' hills, from a reddiih, argillaceous foil, yield only a courfe grafs. M A wall of remarkable ftruc-\nture has been reared for a paffage into the interior country,and for the ufe of an aqueduct, at\na place where acccefs into the country muft have\nbeen before impoffible, and below which water\nwould not be obtained, before this wall was\nconftrufled. It is formed of ftones an& And Captain Vancouver refufed to give for provifions thofe fire-'\narms and ammunition which the imprudence of\nthe traders had taught the iflander to value above\nevery other commodity.- War, too, appears to'\nhave thinned the numbers of the people of thefe\niiles : And they had enjoyed recent opportunities of bringing their animals and vegetables to\nfale, which had probably tempted them to re-\nfervc too fmall- a proportion for the neceffary\nreproduction of the flock.\nOn the evening of Friday, the 16th of March,\u00C2\u00BB\nour navigators refumed their courfe, and failed\nfrom the Sandwich Ifles for the North Weft\nCoaft of America. They had not been long\nout at fea, when the main mail, of the Difcovery fprung. ; and fome defects were at the fame\ntime difcovered in this veffel's rigging. Means\nwere inftantly employed to repair thefe damages. They failed onwards with a fair'wind,\nand in pleafant weather. On the 7th of April,\nin 3J deg. 25 min. N. Latitude, in 217 deg.\n24 min. E. Longitude, they perceived the furface of the fea; to be covered, all around them,\nas far as the eye could reach, by fea-blubbers of\nthe fpecies Medufa Villillia, lying fo thick to--\ngether as to leave no unoccupied interval large\nenough to receive a pea, without its touching fome\nof them.; Of thefe Medufa, the large ft did not\nexceed the circumference of four inches. Adhering, to them, was- found a beautiful blue\nworm, of a catterpillar form, which Mr. Mer*j,\nzies, who accompanied' Captain^Vancouver, ia*\nthe character of a naturalift, regarded as an en-\ntkely^ new genus. As they approached \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 tW\nC-c 2~\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\n 3i8\nLA PEYROUSE'S WYA^M\nAinjrican coaft, the winds became more Vtf&A\nlent, fogs obfcured their horizon, and they\nwere annfeyed by frequent falls of drizzling\n$afrn. In the Longitude of 236 deg. 8 min. in\nLatitude 39 deg. 20 min. quantities of drifted\nwood, grafs, and fea-weeds, were feen to float\nby the fliips while they failed on ||Shags, puffins, ducks, and other aquatic birds, were at the\nfame time feen flying about: And a change in\nthe colour of the water Iikewife began to indicate the proximity of a Shallower fea. They,\nfoon after, found themfelves on the coafi of\nNew Albion. The darknefs of the atmofphere,\nhere, allowed them only to obferve, that the\nfhore was rectilineal and unbroken, of a moderate elevation, and at fome diftance inwards into the country, fcreened by lofty mountains,\nwhich were overgrown with flately foreft-trees.\nThis was not to be the northern termination\nof their voyage. They failed along the coaft for\nthree or four leagues of diftance from it. Many agreeably piclurefque landfcapes of wood\nand lawn, of hill and dale, amazingly diverfifi-.\ned in form and combination, opened to their\nview on the land, while they advanced. In 3 1\u00C2\u00A7\ndeg. 46\u00C2\u00A7 min. N. Latitude, and in 235 deg. 57-\nmin. E. Longitude, a point was difcovered, to\n\"Which Captain Vancouver gave the name of\nPoint St George. At an inconfiderable distance fouth from this point, he commenced in\nobedience to his inftrudtions from the Lords of\nthe Admiralty, a very particular furvey of *he\n\u00C2\u00A3\u00C2\u00A9aft. e&||>\nSailing on wards, they perceived the fhores to-\nfee formed by High precipices and deep chafmsv\nT&eittiand mountains were generally covered-.\n HOUND $&\u00C2\u00A3 WORLD.\n3^\nSvithtall pines a;nlt other jutting land of which this rock formed a part,\nCaptain Vancouver gave the name of Cape Or-\nford. Some natives of the coaft^iame out in\n-canoes to the fliips, while they lay in this fla-\ntion. Thefe people were gentle in their man-\n\"ners : the escpierBon in their countenances was-;\nmild: ..heir complexion or colour was a light\nolive : their perfons were low and flender : in.\ntheir ears and nofes, they Wore fmall ornanvenos\u00C2\u00BB\nof bone : their hair was long, olack, clean,.\neneatly combed, and tied in a club nehind ; in\nfome inftances, both 'before and behind : their\n\"canoOs were redely hollowed, each from the\n4 f-l.'j* ^^{.jjF***- ^^^T^^i,\ntrunk of a fiftgle tree, of capacioufnefs fufficient\nto bear eight perfons ; but unfit for going fafr\nmVLt to fea : Their garments were of fkiirs of\nfdeer, bears, foxes, or river-otters. ' Waefe people brought out with them a few Sr3$S^arii\u00C2\u00ABles,,\nB\u00C2\u00A9r barter ; afkirigi iron and beads \"^|eturn.\nThey were fcrupuloufly honeft in -t&e$r jfoaffie';;\n1 nor did they either attempt theft , or even reai\u00E2\u0080\u0094\ntely accept prefents uBOOmpenfatecl. To about:\na league northward fltom Cape fltfford, clufte^s;\n\u00C2\u00A9f ocky iflets continue to fkirt the'fhores* -A\nflraight fandy beach tfcten fucceedis-^and, behind it, the country ;riles. %ith a mountainous s\nelevation.\n-On the 26th our veyagers refumed their pfO-*\nigrefs and their furvey. Steep craggy cliffs fogM\np.-.\nM\n $2 N. Lat. in E. Long. 235 deg.\n58^ min.. en which was conferred- the appella-i\ntion of Point Grenville. On the fame day, theyi\ncame within view of an ifle, which thev believedli\nto be the fame which had, before,.received the\nname of Destruction Isle, from Mr. Barclay,\nwho commanded a veffel in the fur-trade^ Its\nfituation rs in. 47 deg. 37 min. N. Latitude, in\n235 degi 49 min. E. Longitude. From Cape\nOr ford to Deftru\u00C2\u00A3lion Ifle, no inhabitants had\nbeen feen by our navigators on the coaft*\nSome: canoes were obferved, paddlfog round\nthis defi&f ifle. It is larger- than any of the\nmore foujlyeri1 'iflets* which Captain Vancouy\nver had \u00C2\u00A9bferve4*4n thefe Latitudes. It may\nbe about, a league in circumference, is level\nat its top, and exhibits no product worthy of\nnotice, fa ve onljrone'Or two dwarf-traes. attack\n\u00E2\u0082\u00ACilU.-\n ^ROTOD THE WORLD*,-\n$VL\nArt^American ve^eli in the fur-trade, was\nfeen near, bv our voyagers* foon after they had\njpaffed.Definition Ifle. Her apme was the\nColumbia of Bofion, Robert Gray commande*.\nFrom Mr.,Gray was obtained fome ufeful information concerning fome arms of the fea, lying\nfarther north, which entered far inland, and\nconcerning the treachery of Wicananish, a native chieftain of Queen Charlotte's Isles, of\nwhich Mr. Gray, with his crew and veffel had\njbeen almoft made the prize. A mountain, with\ntwo very lofty and pi\u00C2\u00A3lurefque fummits,which\nrwere covered with fnows, and which had their\nbafes at an elevation, that, though lower than\nthey, was ftill very lofty, about this time attra'^-\ned the notice of Captain Vancouver, as the moft\nremarkable that he had hitherto feen on the A-\nmerican coaft. It might perhaps be that which\nMr. Meares has named Mount Olymrus : But\n.the dufky obfeurity of the atmofphere made it,\nsit this time, impoffible to fafcertain its fituation.\nwrith precifion. Several villages were, foon after, difcovered to be thinly fcattered along the\nftiore.JJOur navigators foon found themfelves\nat the entrance of De Fuca's Streights* Jj They,\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2entered between Tatooche's Ifle, and a low\n.rock, to which Captain Vancouver was induced\nto give the name of R.ock Duncan. .On t^,\nbeach were fereral canoes; but the progrefs of\nthe fliips was too rapid to permit any of thofe to\njoin them. The village of Claffet, which was\nperceived on the fhore, feemed confiderably\npopulous. A rock, fuppofed to be the Pinnacle\nRock, was feen, foon after our voyagers had en-\nteredthe Streights rbeyond Tatooche's Ifle. On\nthe evening of. the 2\u00C2\u00A3fch of April, they anchor^\n ps-\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nat the diftance of nine rrtiles within the entrance\n-of the fuppofed Streights of De Fuca.^Defirou^'\nto explore thefe Streights through their whoja\n-extent, they foon renewed their courfe, and fa%1\ned onwards to the well ward , while, on either*\nhand, towards both the north and thea fouth,;\nthere was land, which as it ieemed, might be but\ndivided projections ofthe fame continent. A\nlow fandy point of land attracting their notice, as they failed on : They named it, from its\nfimilarity to Dungenefs, in the Britifh channagfj'\nNew Dungenefs. On the fouthern fide of the\nbay, they could fGon after, diftinguifh an Indian\nvillage. They had already advanced farther infS\nthis inlet, than any former navigator was knowJap\nto have dene. They determined to explore it toy*\nits inmoft extremities.f|A port was feen, after;\nfome farther progrefs, to open to the fouthwarffll\nThey entered it ; found it to_afford fhelter t\u00C2\u00A9\ntheir veffels, and for themfelves, eafy accefs t\u00C2\u00A9\nwater; and gave it the name of Port Difcovery.\nThe country adjacent was of moderate elevation,\nbeautifully diverfified by the interfperfion of\nhills with vales, and clothed with verdure of\nvery pleafing afpecl. On the fhore grew-ftraw\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nberry-fhrubs, goofeberry, rafpberry, and currant-\nbufhes ; clovers, famphires, and fome coarfe\ngrafles, were diffufed over the turf. All the\nvegetables appeared to flourifh t. ith a remarkably luxuriant growth. In a ftaticn fo commodious and agreeable, our voyagers were induced\nto reft, to refit their veffel and to perform fuch\nother labours as were requifite for their accommodation in the continuance of their voyage.\nExploring the inlet farther to the fouth-weft,\nthey difcovered another harbour, on which thei*\n 'ROUND THE WORLD.\nBM\nieftowed the name of Port Townfh*ejJ|| They\njrofecuted their difcoveries farther; and found,\npwards the fouth-eaft and the fouth, a deep entrance, which wasnamed Admiralty Inlet -, and\nl/hich had its fouthern termination in a found,\nIt-hick was denominated Puget's Sound. The\natives came down to them, while they examin-\n1 thefe coafts ; behaved with inoffenfive gen-\nlenefs; and eagerly engaged in tranfacrions of\nraffic. The fma\u00C2\u00BBll-pox had recently made very\nIruei ravages among thefe good people. All\nihe furrounding country ftill prefented a fertile\nbil, a territory very agreeably diverfified in its\nhvel, a great luxuriance of vegetation, and ex-\nmfive woods, filled with the nobleft foreft-trees.\nLt the eaftern coaft ofthe great bay,'_within the\njtreights of De Fuca, Captain Vancouver, with\nilr. Broughton, and their offrcers, went on\npore, and formally took poffeilon of this track\n|f country^ which they believed themfelves to\nlave been the firft to difcover, in the name of\nlie Britifh Sovereign. r#From Admiraltv *nlefr\u00C2\u00BB\nliey turned their courfe northward. An ex-\njsnfive territory, whether infuiaror continental,\n[aey did not yet know, now intervened on the\nreft, between their prefent courfe ancl the open\nIcean, from which they had entered De Fuca's\nItreisfhts. To an extenfive ray, which opened.\nIs they advanced, into the eaftern continental\nfend, they gave the name of Biliingham's Bay.\nTie paffage expanding\u00C2\u00A3,as they proceeded northwards, into an extenfive gulpfy they gave it the\nla;*ic ofthe Gulph of Georgia It was again\nmntracled into a {freight ; fmall iflets were\nlie re and there interpofed : Kow to one fide,\nlow to another, the fea was feen to penetrate\n 5H\nLA-PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\n~with its arms to a confiderable depth into t^\nland : The Streight winded away before them,\nwith many curious meanderingsj to the N. the?\n-Wf. W. or the N. E. At laft, it permitted them\nto iffue out into the open main, by what was\nnamed Queen Charlotte's found ; and they\nlearned thas it was a Great Ifle, the interjection of which, between the continental (hore and\nthe open main, formed thofe Streights which*\nthey had thus diligently explored. With difficulty efcaping fr\u00C2\u00A9m fhipwreck in Queen Charlotte's Sound, they failed, for a ihort way^\nalong the continental fhore, with no ifle dividing their\ courfe from the open feai: Fitz-\nJiugh's Sound, formed by^fles fronting the\nweftern fhore of the continent, next prefent*\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2Cd itfelf to their paffage. After examining\nthis Sound, they returned more haftily, and\nwithout deviating from the common route, to\nthe Sound cf Nootka, \u00C2\u00A9n the weftern coaft of\n-the great ifle winch they had difcovered. They\nreached Woody Point, in 50 deg. 6 min. N.\nLatitude, in 232 deg. 27 min. E. Longitude,\n\u00C2\u00A9n Motidiry the 27th of Auguft. On the following day, they arrived at the entrance of\nNootka Sound. Captain Vancouver was now\nfr.'isned ; that, by his examination of* the\nStreights of the pretended De Fuca, it was\n-fully ascertained j that there was not here any\npaffage between the Pacific- and the Atlanta\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0Oceans, dividing into two the American Continent.\nj|jf At Nootka Sound, Captain Vancouver was\npolitely received by Senior Quadra, who com-\nfnandtM there ' for' his Catholic Maje.fty, the\nKfmj '\u00C2\u00A9\u00C2\u00A3 %ai.tiv Quadra S was to furrcnder;\nJ\n ROUND THE WORLD.\nm&\n/Vancouver was to receive, in his Sovereign's\nname, the furrendered pofleffions. A long fhow\nof negociation puffed between the two officers.\nAt^laft, Captain Vancouver learned, that, by the\nconvention between the minifters of Spain and\nthofe of Great Britain, there was nothing to be\nfurrendered, but the houfes which Britifh fub-\nje\u00E2\u0082\u00ACts had poffeffed, at the bottom of the Sound,\nthe ftores which they had depofited in thefe\nhoufes, and the lands which they had herein-\nclofed and cultivated; that there was abfolutely\nno fuch houfes, ftores nor inclofed lands; and\nthat, therefore the convention was perfectly il-\n[lufory, and the Britifh had no fuch furrenders to\nreceive. Captain Vancouver had conceived the\n[whole territory of Nootka Sound, fo far as it\nwas firft difcovered by Britifh navigators, to be\njunqueftionably a domain of the Britifh Empires!\nland had expected that the Spanifh ceffion was to\n[be made upon this principleA-He therefore re-\npufed that furrender which alone Senior Quadra\n[would give ; protefted againft the,\u00C2\u00A7panjifh inter-\njpretation of the convention , and prepared to\npanfmit to the Britifh Court a faithful account\nbf all that had paffed between himfelf and the\nBpanifh commander. The Spaniards, in the\n[mean time, treated the Britifh gentlemen, afltt\n|:he mips* companies, with the mofr^ourteoi^e\nMjfpitality. The kindeft and moft unfufpicious\n[ntercourfe of friendfhip, took place .between\n[Captain Vancouver and Senior Quadra. They\nbilociated in vifiting the natives, and receifjto\npeir vifits. Maqui-nna or Mao^||LAf $rief of the\n^jacent county came often ^mong^em. -{ft.\ntad made a fecond fale to the Sffcajniards \u00C2\u00A9f that\nmtotf which he had before fold to the 3ri^ft*\n 3\nn6\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGTE\nThe Britifh were now, according to'Quadra's in*\nterpretation of the treaty, free to enter the\nSound, and to acquire poffeffions: But the\nSpaniards were ftill to retain thofe poffeffions\nwhich they had purchafed, fortified, and cultivated.\nThus unfuccefsful, in regard to the firft capital object of his expedit ion, Captain Vancouver\nlia,d now only to pro ceed to accomplifh the\nofhers. He was joined at Nootka Sound by the\n^Daedalus and the Chath am, he returned fbutfi^\nward. In the found he had veffels both English j\nand American ; and it appeared that the fur-\ntrade was ftill profecut ed, on thefe coafts, with\ngreat enterprife and fu ccefs^He renewed tRei\nfurvey of thefe coafts, from Nootka Sound totjiev\ncoaft of New Albion. Other headlands, bays,\n.creeks, and iflets, unknown to former navigatorli?\nwere difcovered in thofe parts, which had beei|.\nthe moft carelefly expl ored in Captain Vancouver's voyage northward. Every obfervation\ntended to confirm the fact, that, at leaft, within\nthefe latitudes, there was no paffage of communication between the Pacific and the Atlantic\nOceans. The gr\u00C2\u00ABat river of Columbia, the exigence of wra^h, between 46* deg. and 4ydeg.\nN. Lat. had been mentioned by Captain Gray,\nwas difcovered and examined. On the 14th of\nNovember, the Difcovery arrived fafe in the\nSpanifhbarbour of San Francisco, in 39 deg.\nJN. Lat. where, by the good offices of his friend, ,\nl\u00C2\u00A7\u00C2\u00A3nior Quadra, Captain Vancouver foon experienced a kind and endearing hofpitafity from\n-Ifle Spaniards.^The conduct of the miftiona*\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0: t%s, in the converfion of the native Indians, and\nin the government of thofe whom they havf'\nconverted, in a particular manner attracted foa\n ROUND THE WORtDi.\n3*r\nnoticei From San Francifco he foon proceeded\nto Monterey, where he was received by his frienlk\nJjSignior Quadra. The civilities of Quadra\nagreeably detained the Englifh voyagers for a\nftiort while at Monterey. Mr. Broughton was\noifpatched hence, home t\u00C2\u00A9 Britain, with letters^\ninforming the Lords of the Admiralty of the\ntranfactions atNootka-Sound. Lieutenant Her-\ngeft, of the floreftiip the Daedalus, had perifhed\nat Woahoo, by the treachery of the people of\nthat ifle *, and Captain Vancouver found it now\nneceffary to revifit the Sandwich Ifles. He failed for them in the beginning of the year 1703^\nOn the 13th of February he arrived on the coaft:\nof Owhyhee. Tamaahmaaha, chief or fove\u00C2\u00BBeigr>,\nof the ifle, Kahowmotoo like wife, and Tianna\nthe fecondary chieftains, with all their Britiuv\nfriendswere received with joy, and liberalhofpital-\nity. Provifions were obtained in great abundance :\nAnd prefents and commercial exchanges were\ngiven, which proved highly acceptable, no lefs\nthan ufeful, to the natives. Two Englifh fai-\nlors were found in the fervice of the fovereign\nof Owhyhee, to whofe fervices Captain Vancouver acknowledges himfelf to have been not a\nlittlesindebted. From Owhyhee, the Difcovery\nfailed to vifit the other ifles. Every where,\nCaptain Vancouver experienced a friendly reception, was affailed by no treachery ofthe natives, impreffed them with reverence, as well\nfor himfelf and his companions, as for the whole\nBritifh name. In Woahoa he was fo fortunate\nas to procure the murderers of Lieutenant Her^\ngest to be punifhed with death, by the authority of their chieftains. He attempted, in .vain,,,\nto. mediate a. peace between, the monarch. o\u00C2\u00A3\n $2$\nLA PEY&OUSE's VOYAGE\nOwhyhee and thofe oit&e others ifles', wtoojn1 he\nliadTormerly found at War, and between whdnV\nfioftiMes Were ftill prolonged. He was however careful not toaenCourage their'hoftilities, by\nfurnifhing them with arms and ammunition, as\nliad been done by the captains of the trading\nVeffels. After refrefhing his crew for five or\n\"fit' weeks among them, and taking in adequate\nfupplies of the provifions which they afrordedj\nCaptain Vancouver prepared to fail to the north-\nweft coaft of America, for the purpofe of following out that plan of nautical inveftigation\nand difcovery, Which his inftructions had marked \u00C2\u00A9ut for him. He failed from the Sandwich\nIfles on the 2\u00C2\u00A9th-of March.\nHe held his courfe ftraight for the north-\nWeft coaft of America. On Saturday the* 18th\n6f May, he had advanced fo far along it, as to\nhave arrived within fight of the great ifle of\nQuadra and Vancouver, the infular character of\nwhich Was firft difcovered in his former voyage.\nOn the 2Gth he reached the Sound of Nootka.\nLieutenant rugef in the Chatham had arrived\nhere in the month of April; had left letters for\nCaptain Vancouver ; and had then failed northward. The Spaniaids ftill kept pofTeffion of\ntheir eftabiifhment at Nootka Sound ; but offered to the Britifh commander, every accommodation which they could poffibly afford, for\nhis voyage. The native chief Maquinna was\nlikewife glad to fee again his Britifh acquaintance. Maquinna's daughter had, during the ab-\nf-:nce of Captain Vancouver, been proclaimed\nheirefs of hi3 dominions, and had been betrothed to the fon of Wacananish, a neighbouring\nChief. Without tarrying here for any length\n KOU*ND THE WORLU.\nof \"timev; they foon renewed their voyage; and^*>\non the 24th of May, foundr themfelves in 5 h\ncleg. 9 min. N. Lat. in 231 deg. 58 min. E.\nLong. A deep inlet into the continental coaft\"\nbeing difcovered,as'they advanced from this\nJatitude, received the name of Burke's Canal.\nA people, fpeaking a language diHerent from'\nthat ofthe people of Nootka, and in features re-\njfembling the northern Europeans, vifited them,\nwhile they, failed along the coaft in thefe latitudes. Iflands, founds, ftreights, bays, arms of\nthe fea defcending far into the land, met theitr\nnotice, as they proceeded: They were ftill\ncareful to explore the continental coafh King's\nIfland,\u00E2\u0080\u0094Princes Royal Ifies, at fome diftance\nweftward,\u00E2\u0080\u0094ghieen Charlotfs Ifies, no new difcovery,\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pitfs Archipelago,\u00E2\u0080\u0094the Ifland of Revilla Gigedo,\u00E2\u0080\u0094Pr'mce of Wales' Archipelago,\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nDuke of York's Ifland,\u00E2\u0080\u0094Admiralty Ifle,\u00E2\u0080\u0094were\nthe moft remarkable ifles interpofed to protect\nthe continental coaft from the waves of the Pacific Ocean, which Captain Vancouver and his\naffiftants difcovered in their progrefs from 51\ndeg. 45 min. to 57 deg. 30 min. N. Lat.\nNew Albion,\u00E2\u0080\u0094New Georgia^\u00E2\u0080\u0094New Hanover,\u00E2\u0080\u0094New Cornwall, were the name's now and\nformerly beftowed on thefe diftricts of the adjacent continental coaft which have been difcovered by Britons; While thefe difcoveries,\nwere profecuted, the natives of the coaft often\nvifited Captain Vancouver and his companions.\nOnce or twice they fhewed difpofitions for hof-\ntility; and flrirmifhes,. in which they were\nworfted, took place. Upon all other occafions,\ntheir conduct was friendly ; and thev were ea~\n\u00C2\u00BB 4\nger to traffic with the ftrangers. After the mid&\nDd2\n \u00E2\u0080\u00A2^O\nOS\nLA PEYROUSE S VOYAGE\nof September 1793, Captain Vancouver found\nit neceffary to fhape his courfe backward to the\nfouth, deferring the farther examination \u00C2\u00A9f this\ncoaft till the following year.\nReturning, he arrived at Nootka-Sound, on\nthe 5 th of October. On the 8th, having made\nfome neceflary repairs, and left letters for any\nveffel that fhould arrive here with difpatches for\nhim, he renewed his voyage fouthward. A part\nof the coaft of New Albion was again particularly explored, as they failed on. On the ift\nof November, they reached Monterey. To his\naftonifhment, he here met with fuch an unhof-\npitable reception from Signior Arrilaga the\ncommandant, that he was obliged to depart\nwithout refrefhing his crews, and refitting the\nfhips, as he had intended. After fome farther\nexamination of thefe fhore s, he thought proper\nto fteer for the Sandwich Ifles. At another\nPresidio however, before his departure from\nthe American coaft, Jie found a more courteous\nreception, and was permitted to refrefh the\ncrews on fhore. On Wednefday the 8th of\nJanuary 17^4, he arrived fafe on the coaft of\nOwhyhee.\nTamaanmaaha, the fovereign of the ifle, foon\nhonoured our voyagers with a vifit. He accompanied them to the bay of Karakakoa. The\ndiftinction with which they treated him, in preference to Tianna and the other chieftains, made\nhim very much their friend. The kindeft entertainment, the moft friendly confidence, the\nmoft abundant fupply of provifions, from the\nnatives, made Captain Vancouvor and his friends\nexceedingly happy during thei|ftay at Owhyhee.\nAt laft Tamaahmaaha refohed to make a ceffion of\nL_j\n ROUND THE \V0Rt\u00C2\u00BBs\n$m\nthe whole ifle of Owhyhee, to Captain Vancouver,;\nin the name of his fovereign, the King of Great\nBritain. Captain Vancouver, fenfible that thefe\nand the other South Sea iflands were becoming,1\nevery day, of higher and higher importance to-\nEuropean, and efpecially to Britifh commerce,\ndid not refufe the offered ceffion. The Owhy-\nheean Chiefs underftood ; that, in confequence\nof this ceffion of their ifle to the Britifh monarch, they fhould henceforth enjoy the protection of Britain againft all their foes, whether of\nthe neighbouring ifles or of any other country,\nfhould be frequently vifited by friendly fhips,\nfhould receive many of fuch prefents as might\ncontribute either to gratify their caprice, or to\nenrich their ifle with new animals, new vegetables, new arts *, and fhould be obliged, in confequence of all this, only to own the fovereignty\nof the Britifh monarch, and to provide plentiful fupplies of provifions for a fair price, to Britons arriving among them. It feems indeed to\nbe abfolutely neceffary, that the people of all\nthefe ifles fhould be taken under Britifh protection, to fave them from thofe mifchiefs which\nare introduced among them by the conduct of\ndifferent mercantile adventurers.^ From Owhyhee, Capt. Vancouver proceeded to others ofthe\nSandwich Ifles, at whichkhe obtained a fupply\nof vegetables.\nOn the 15th of March 1793,.he again failed\nfor the N. W. coaft of America.. In the beginning of April, they had^ reached the American\ncoaft*||They traced the coaft between the latitude at which they had terminated their furvey.\nin the year 1793 and the 62 deg. N. Lat. They\npurfued it where it bends away to the weftward j\n LA PEYRQU^E'S VOYAGE\nentered Cook's Inlet, Prince William's-Sound,'\nand thofe N. W^diftricts, where the Ruffians\nfrom Siberia have made fettlements for the pur-\npofe of the fur-trade; difcovered ifles,, bays,\nfounds, and headlands, which had efcaped the\nnotice of Cook and all former navigators ; and\nafcertained that there was, in thefe extreme\nnorthern latitudes, no paffage by which fhips\nmight crofs over into the northern Atlantic\nOcean. Havingtraced all thefe moft northern\ninlets to their extremities deep in the continental coaft ; our navigators then bent their courfe\nfouthward, examining the coaft ftill with equal\ncare, down t\u00C2\u00A9 where they had already completed\nthe furvey of it. From Cook's Inlet and Prince\nWilliam's Sound, they found the coaft to be\nfronted by comparitively few iflCs, down to the\nnorthern extremity of .that which they had named King George the Third's Archipelago.\nHaving completed the fufvey of thefe coafts,\nand afcertained the non-exiftence of. the long-\nfought .N. W, paffage, ourv\u00C2\u00A9yagers returned to\nNootka.. They were hofpitably received by the-\nSpaniards; and gave great pleafure t\u00C2\u00AE the chieftains, by vifiting. them at their villages. From,\nNootkaa they failed to Monterev, and found\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 J 4 *\nthere a more.hofpitable reception than on the.\npreceding year.. The Contention had now been\nexplained agreeably to Captain Vancouver's\nviews.; but he received not notice of this, till it:\nwas too late for him to-flay to receive the fur-\nrender. Sailing fouthward from Monterey, he\npaffed among fome of the equatorial ifles adjacent to the American coaft.. At Valparaifo,,\nhe. was received with kind.hofpitality; And the-j\n ROUND THE WORLD.\n333\ninvitation of the Spanifh governor Higgins led\nhim to vifit St. Jago the capital of Chili.\nRenewing his voyage, he, in due time, reached St. Helena, where he captured the Macaf-\nfar Dutch Eaft India-man. From St. Helena,\nhe renewed his voyage in company with his Ma-\njefty's fhip, the Sceptre, and a convoy of merchant fhips;I| On Saturday the 13th of September 1795, the Difcovery was fafely moored in\nthe river Shannon; and Captain Vancouver\nfet out for London. Only fix of the lhip's company had, by difeafe and accidents, perifhed in\nthe courfe of fo long an expedition. On the\n17th of October, the Chatham alfo arrived with\nall her fhip's company. Captain Vancouver\nhimfelf is fince dead. His brother is the editor\nof the account of his voyage. But it was almoft\nwholly prepared for the prefs by the Captaiix\nhimfelf.\nm\nEND.\n "@en . "Edition: [Abridged edition]

Other copies: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/2794290"@en . "Books"@en . "Travel literature"@en . "F5816 .L26 1801"@en . "II-0304-xix"@en . "10.14288/1.0308158"@en . "English"@en . "Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library"@en . "Boston : Thomas and Andrews"@en . " Boston : E. and S. Larkin"@en . "Boston : Wm. P. and L. Blake"@en . "Boston : W. Pelham, and C. Bingham"@en . "Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy, or otherwise distribute these images please contact\u00A0digital.initiatives@ubc.ca."@en . "Original Format: University of British Columbia. Library. Rare Books and Special Collections. F5816 .L26 1801"@en . "Voyages around the world"@en . "A voyage round the world, performed in the years 1785, l786, 1787, 1788 by M. de la Peyrouse: abridged from the original French journal of M. de la Peyrouse, which was lately published by M. Milet-Mureau, in obedience to an order from the French government. To which are added, a voyage from Manilla to California, by Don Antonio Maurelle: and an abstract of the Voyage and discoveries of the late Capt. G. Vancouver"@en . "Text"@en . ""@en .