CONTENTdm
Case presented on the part of the government of her Britannic Majesty to the tribunal of arbitration constituted under article 1 of the treaty concluded at Washington on the 29th February, 1892, between Her Britannic Majesty and the United States of America
British Columbia Historical Books Collection
Great Britain. Parliament. Command papers
Bering Sea Tribunal of Arbitration
Great Britain
"([Great Britain. Parliament. Command papers] C. 7107) At head of title : United States, no. 10 (1893)" -- Lowther, B. J., & Laing, M. (1968). A bibliography of British Columbia: Laying the foundations, 1849-1899. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, p. 113. "Presented to both Houses of Parliament by command of Her Majesty, August 1893" -- Title page
16 pages ; 33 cm
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azy/tr /0fZ UNITED STATES. No. 10 (1893). BEHRING SEA ARBITRATION. AWARD OF THE â¢It!- 1! fit TRIBUNAL! OF ARBITRATION, CONSTITUTED UNDER ARTICLE I OE THE TREATY CONCLUDED AT WASHINGTON ON THE 29th EEBRUARY, 1892, BETWEEN HER BRITANNIC MAJESTY AND THE UNITED STATES OE AMERICA. Presented to both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty. August 1893. LONDON: PRINTED FOR HER MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE BY HARRISON AND SONS, ST. MARTIN'S LANE, PRINTERS IN ORDINARY TO HER MAJESTY. And to he purchased, either directly or through any Bookseller, from EYRE and SPOTTISWOODE, East Harding Street, Fleet Street, E.C, and 32, Abingdon Street, Westminster, S.W.; or JOHN MENZIES & Co., 12, Hanover Street, Edinburgh, and 90, West Nile Street, Glasgow; or HODGES, FIGGIS, & Co., Limited, 104, Grafton Street, Dublin. £0.-7X07.] Price p. SB i l£ ^-4 BEHRING SEA ARBITRATION. Award of the Tribunal of Arbitration, constituted under Article I of the Treaty concluded at Washington on the 29th February, 1892, between Her Britannic Majesty and the United States of America. Mr. Tupper to the Earl of Rosebery.â (Received August 16.) My Lord, Paris, August 5, 1893. I HAVE the honour to transmit to your Lordship the decision of the Behring Sea Tribunal of Arbitrators, which has been delivered to me this day in accordance with Article XI of the Treaty of the 29th February, 1892. I have, &c. (Signed) CHARLES H. TUPPER. Inclosure 1. Sentence du Tribunal d! Arbitrage constitue en vertu du Traite' conclu a Washington, le 29 Fe'vrier, 1892, entre les Etats-Unis d'Ame'rique et Sa Majeste' la Reine du Royaume- Uni de Grande-Bretagne et d'Irlande. ATTENDU que, par un Traite entre les Etats-Unis d'Am£rique et la Grande- Bretagne, signe* a Washington le 29 Fe/rier, 1892, et dont les ratifications par les Gouvernements des deux pays ont ete echangees a Londres le V Mai, 1892, il a ete, entre autres stipulations, convenu et regie* que les ditferends qui avaient surgi entre le Gouvernement des Etats-Unis d'Amerique et le Gouvernement de Sa Majeste* Britannique, au sujet des droits de juridiction des Etats-Unis dans les eaux de la Mer de Behring, et aussi relativement a la preservation des phoques a fourrure habitant ou fre'quentant ladite mer et aux droits des citoyens et des sujets des deux pays en ce qui concerne la capture des phoques a fourrure se trouvant dans les dites eaux ou les fr^quentant, seraient soumis a un Tribunal d'Arbitrage compose de sept Arbitres, qui seraient- nommes de la maniere suivante, savoir: deux Arbitres seraient designes par le President des Etats-Unis ; deux Arbitres seraient designes par Sa Majeste* Britannique ; son Excellence le President de la Republique Erancaise serait pri£, d'un commun accord, par les Hautes Parties Contrac-' tantes de designer un Arbitre; Sa Majeste* le Roi d'ltalie serait prie de la m6me manure de designer un Arbitre; Sa Majesty le Roi de Su&cje et de NorT&ge serait prie* de la meme maniere de designer un Arbitre: les sept Arbitres ainsi nommes devant etre des juris- consultes d'une reputation distinguee dans leurs pays respectifs, et les Puissances auxquelles leur designation serait remise devant etre priees de choisir, autant que possible des jurisconsultes sachant la langue Anglaise ; Et attendu qu'il a 6t6 pareillement convenu, par l'Article II du dit Traite, que~ les Arbitres se r^uniraient a Paris dans les vingt jours qui suivraient la' remise des Contre- Memoires.mentiorm£s k l'Article IV, qu'ils examineraient et decideraient avec impartiality et soin les questions qui leur etaient ou qui leur seraient soumises dans les conditions pr^vues par ledit Traite, de la part des Gouvernements des Etats-Unis et de Sa Majeste Britannique respectivement, et que toutes les questions examinees par le Tribunal, y compris la sentence finale, seraient decidees par les Arbitfes h la majority absolue des voix; Et attendu que, par l'Article VI du dit Traite, il a ete pareillement convenu ce qui suit;â :tEn vue de la decision des questions soumises aux Arbitres, il est entendu que les einq points suivants leur seront soumis, afin que leur sentence comprenne une decision distincte sur chacun desdits cinq points, savoir :â " l- Quelle juridiction exclusive dans la mer aujourd'hui connue sous le nom de Mer de behring et quels droits exolusifs sur les pecheries de phoques dans cette mer la Russie a-t-elle^affirmes et exercis avant et jusqu'a l'Spoque de la cession de 1'Alaska aux Etats-Unis ? ''2. Jusqu'a quel point la revendication de ces droits de juridiction en ce qui concerne les pScheries de phoques a-t-elle ete recorinue et concedee par la Grande- Bretagne ? "3. L'espace de mer aujourd'hui connu sous le nom de Mer de Behring etait-il eompris dans l'expression ' Ocean Pacifique,' telle qu'elle a et6 employee dans le texte du Trajte conclu en 1825 entre la Grande-Bretagne et la Russie, et quels droits, si droits il y avait, la Russio a-t-elle possedes et exclusivement exerces dans la Mer de Behring, apres ledit Traite? | F 4. lous les droits de la Russie, en ce qui concerne la juridiction et en ce qui concerne les pecheries de phoques, dans la partie de la Mer de Behring qui s'etend a l'est do la limite maritime determinee par le Traite* du 30 Mars, 1867, entre les Etats-Unis et la Russie, ne sont-ils pas integralement passes aux Etats-Unis en vertu de ce meme -Traite? "5. Les Etats-Unis ont-ils quelque droit, et, en cas d'affirmative, quel droit ont-ils, soit a la protection, soit a la propriete des phoques a fourrure qui frequentent les lies apparlenant aux EtatsAUnis dans la Mer de Behring, quand ces phoques se trouvent en dehors de la limite ordinaire de 3 milles?" Et attendu que, par l'Article VII dudit Traite, il a ete pareillement convenu ce qui suit:â . â¢ 4f& " Si la decision des questions qui precedent, en ce qui concerne la juridiction exclusive des Etats-Unis, laisse les choses en tel etat que le concours de la Grande-Bretagne soit necessaire pour l'etablissement de Reglements en vue de la protection et de la preservation convenables des phoques a fourrure habitant ou fr6quentant la Mer de Behring, les Arbitres auront a determiner quels Reelements communs sont necessaires, en dehors des limites de la juridiction des Gouvernements respectifs, et sur quelles eaux ces Reglements devraient s'appliquer "Les Hautes Parties Contractantes s'engagent en outre a unir leurs efforts pour obtenir l'adhesion d'autres Puissances a ces Reglements;" Et attendu que, par l'Article VI-II dudit Traite, apres'avoir expose que les Hautes Parties Contractantes n'avaient pu s-'entendre sur une formule qui comprit la question des responsabilites a la charge de l'une d'elles, a raisou des prejudices allegu6s avoir ete causes a l'autre, ou aux citoyens de l'autre, a l'occasion des reclamations presentees et soutenues par ladite partie, et qu'elles " desiraient que cette question.secondaire ne suspendit ou ne .retardat pas plus longtemps la production et la decision des questions principales," les Hautes Parties Contractantes sont convenues que "chacune d'elles pourrait soumettre aux Arbitres toute question de fait impliquee dans lesdites reclamations et demander une decision a cetegard, apres quoi la question de la vesponsabilite de chacun des deux Gouvernements & raison des faits etablis serait matiere a negotiations ulterieures ;" Et attendu que le President des Etats-Unis d'Amerique a designe 1'Honorable John M. Harlan, Juge de la Com* Supreme des Etats-Unis, et 1'Honorable John T. Morgan, Senateur des Etats-Unis, pour etre deux desdits Arbitres; que. Sa Majeste Britannique a designe le Tres Honorable Lord Hannen et 1'Honorable Sir John Thompson, Ministre de la Justice et Attorney-General pour le Canada, pour §tre deux desdits Arbitres ; que son Excellence le President de la Republique Franchise a designe le Baron Alphonse de Courcel, Senateur, Ambassadeur de France, pour etre un desdits Arbitres ; que Sa Majeste* le Roi d'ltalie a designe le Marquis Emilio Visconti Venosta, ancien Ministre des Affaires Etrangeres et Senateur du Royaume d'ltalie, pour Itre un desdits Arbitres; et que Sa Majeste le Roi de Suede et de Norvege a designe M. Gregers Gram, Ministre d'Etat, pour etre un desdits Arbitres ; Et attendu que nous susnommes, Arbitres designe's et investis de la maniere qm vient d'etre relatee, ayant accepte de prendre la charge de cet Arbitrage, et nous etant dument reunis a Paris, avons precede avec impartialite et soin a l'examen et k la decision de toutes les questions qui ont ete soumises a nous, Arbitres susnommes, en vertu du dit Traite, ou a nous presentees, au nom des Gouvernements des Etats-Unis et de Sa Majeste Britannique respectivement, de la maniere prevue par ledit Traite ; Nous Arbitres susnommes, ayant examine avec impartiality et soin lesdites questions, [623] B 2 IP 1 ilif M: Hi SBBB^EBBB decidons et prononcons de meme, sur lesdites questions, par notre pr&ente sentence, de la maniere qui suit, k savoir:â En ce qui concerne les cinq points mentionnes dans l'Article VI et sur chacun desquels notre jugement doit comprendre une decision distincte, nous decidons et prononcons ce qui suit: â Sur le premier des cinq points susdits, nous, Arbitres susnommes, le Baron de Courcel, le Juge Harlan, Lord Hannen, Sir John Thompson, le Marquis Visconti Venosta, et M. Gregers Gram, constituant la majorite des Arbitres, decidons et prononcons ce qui suit: Par l'Ukase de 1821 la Russie a revendique des droits de juridiction, dans la mer connue aujourd'hui sous le nom de Mer de Behring, jusqu'a la distance de 100 milles Italiens au large des c6tes et iles lui appartenant; mais, au cours des negotiations qui ont abouti a la conclusion des Traites de 1824 avec les Etats-Unis et de 1825 avec la Grande- Bretagne, elle a admis que sa juridiction dans ladite mer serait limitee h une portee de canon de la c6te; et il apparait que, depuis cette epoque jusqu'a l'epoque de la cession de l'Alaska aux Etats-Unis, elle n'a jamais affirme en fait ni exerce aucune juridiction exclusive dans la Mer de Behring, ni aucun droit exclusif sur les pecheries de phoques k fourrure dans ladite mer, au dela des limites ordinaires des eaux territoriales. Sur le second des cinq points susdits, nous, Arbitres susnommes, le Baron de Courcel, le Juge Harlan, Lord Harinen, Sir John Thompson, le Marquis Visconti Venosta, et M. Gregers Gram, constituant la majorite des Arbitres, decidons et prononcons que la Grande-Bretagne n'a reconnu ni concede h la Russie aucua droit a une juridiction exclusive sur les pecheries de phoques dans la Mer de Behring, en dehors des eaux territoriales ordinaires. Sur le troiseme des cinq points susdits, et quant a la partie dudit troisieme point ou nous est soumise la question de savoir si l'espace de mer aujourd'hui connu sous le nom de Mer de Behring etait compris dans l'expression "Ocean Pacifique" telle qu'elle a ete employee dans le texte du Traite de 1825 entre la Grande-Bretagne et la Russie, uous, Arbitres susnommes, decidons et prononqons a l'unanimite que l'espace de mer aujourd'hui connu sous le nom de Mer de Behring etait compris dans l'expression " Ocean Pacifique " telle qu'elle a ete employee dans ledit Traite. Et quant a la partie dudit troisieme point d'apres laquelle nous avons a decider quels droits, si droits il y avait, la Russie a possedes et exclusivement exerces apres ledit Traite de 1825, nous, Arbitres susnommes, le Baron de Courcel, le Juge Harlan, Lord Hannen, Sir John Thompson, le Marquis Visconti Venosta, et M. Gregers Gram, constituant la majorite des Arbitres, decidons et prononcons que la Russie n'a possede ni exerce, apres le Traite de 1825, aucun droit exclusif de juridiction dans la Mer de Behring ni aucun droit exclusif sur les pecheries de phoques dans cette mer, au dela de la limite ordinaire des eaux territoriales. Sur le quatrieme des cinq points susdits, nous, Arbitres susnommes, decidons et prononcons a l'unanimite que tous les droits de la Russie, en ce qui concerne la juridiction et en ce qui concerne les pecheries de phoques, dans la paitie de la Mer de Behring qui sytend a Test de la limite maritime determinee par le Traite du 30 Mars, 1867, entre les Etats-Unis et la Russie, sont integralement passes aux Etats-Unis en vertu de ce meme Traite. Sur le cinquieme des cinq points susdits, nous, Arbitres susnommes, le Baron de Courcel, Lord Hannen, Sir John Thompson, le Marquis Visconti Venosta, et M. Gregers Gram, constituant la majorite des Arbitres, de'cidons et prononcons que les Etats-Unis n'ont aucun droit de protection ou de propriete sur les phoques h fourrure qui frequentent les iles appartenant aux Etats-Unis dans la Mer de Behring, quand ces phoques se trouvent en dehors de la limite ordinaire de 3 milles. Et attendu que les decisions ci-des9us relatees, sur les questions concernant la juridiction exclusive des Etats-Unis mentionnees dans l'Article VI, laissent les choses en etat tel que le concours de la Grande-Bretagne est neeessaire pour l'etablissement de Reglements en vue de la protection et de la preservation convenables des phoques a fourrure habitant ou frequentant la Mer de Behring, le Tribunal ayant decide a la majorite *absolue des voix sur chacun des Articles des Reglemeuts qui suivent, nous, Arbitres susnommes, le Baron de Courcel, Lord Hannen, le Marquis Visconti Venosta, et M. Gregers Gram, donnant notre assentiment a l'ensemble des Articles des Reglements qui suivent, et constituant la majorite absolue des Arbitres, decidons et prononcons, d'apres le mode present par le Traite, que les Reglements communs qui suivent, applicables en dehors des limites de la juridiction des Gouvernements respectifs, sont necessaires, et qu'ils doivent s'etendre sur les eaux ci-apres determinees :â Article 1. Les Gouvernements des Efats-Unis et de la Grande-Bretagne interdiront a leurs citoyens et sujets respectifs de tuer, prendre ou poursuivre, en tout temps et de quelque maniere que ce soit, les animaux communement appeies phoques a fourrure, dans une zone de 60 milles autour des Iles Pribyloff, en y comprenant les eaux territoriales. Les milles mentionnls dans le paragraphe precedent sont des milles e-eoeraphiques de 60 au degre de latitude. Article 2. Les deux Gouvernements interdiront a leurs citoyens et sujets respectifs de tuer, prendre ou poursuivre les phoques a fourrure, de quelque maniere que ce soit, pendant la saison s'etendant chaque annee du ler Mai au 31 Juillet inclusivement, sur la haute mer, dans la partie de l'Ocean Pacifique, en y comprenant la Mer de Behring, qui est sise au nord du 35e degi-e de latitude nord, et a Test du 180e degre de longitude de Greenwich jusqu'k sa rencontre avec la limite maritime decrite dans l'Article ler du Traite de 1867 entre les Etats-Unis et la Russie, et ensuite a Test de cette ligne jusqu'au Detroit de Behring, Article 3. Pendant la periode de temps et dans les eaux ou. la peche des phoques k fourrure demeurera permise, les navires a voiles seront seuls adm'is k l'exercer ou a s'associer aux operations de cette peche. lis auront cependant la faculte de se faire assister par des pirogues ou autres embarcations non pontees, mues par des pagaies, des rames ou des voiles, du genre de celles qui sont communement employees comme bateaux de peche. Article 4. Tout navire a voiles autorise a. se livrer a la peche des phoques a fourrure devra etre muni d'une licence spetiale delivree k cet effet par son Gouvernement et devra porter un pavilion distinctif qui sera determine par ledit Gouvernement. Article 5. Les patrons des navires engages dans la peche des phoques a fourrure devront mentionner exactement sur leurs livres de bord la date et le lieu de chaque operation de peche des phoques a fourrure, ainsi que le nombre et le sexe des phoques captures chaque jour. Ces mentions devront etre communiquees par chacun des deux Gouvernements a l'autre a la fin de chaque saison de peche. Article 6. L'emploi des filets, des amies a feu et des explosifs sera interdit dans la peche des phoques a fourrure. Cette restriction ne s'appliquera pas aux fusils de chasse, quand cette peche sera pratiquee en dehors de la Mer de Behring et pendant la saison ou elle pourra etre legitimement exercee. Article 7. Les deux Gouvernements prendront des mesures en vue de controler l'aptitude des hommes autorises a, exercer la peche des phoques a fourrure; ces hommes devront etre reconnus aptes a manier avec une habilete suffisante les armcs au moyen desquelles cette peche pourra etre faite. Article 8. Les Reglements contenus dans les precedents Articles ne s'appliqueront pas aux Indiens habitant sur les c6tes du territoire des Etats-Unis ou de la Grande- Bretagne et pratiquant la peche des phoques a fourrure dans des pirogues ou embarcations non pontees, non transposes par d'autres navires, ni employees a l'usage de ceux-ci, mues exclusivement a l'aide de pagaies, d'avirons ou de voiles, et manoeuvres chacune par cinq personnes au plus, de la maniere jusqu'a present usitee par les Indiens ; pourvu que ceux-ci ne soient pas engages au service d'autres personnes, et qu'alors qu'ils chassent ainsi dans des pirogues ou embarcations non pontees, ils ne poursuivent pas les phoques a fourrure, en dehors des eaux territoriales, en vertu d'engagements contractes pour la livraison des peaux a une personne quelconque. Cette exception n'aura pas pour effet de porter atteinte k la legislation nationale de l'un ou de l'autre des deux pays; elle ne s'etendra pas aux eaux de la Mer de Behring, ni aux eaux des passes Al^outiennes. Aucune des dispositions qui precedent xk pour objet de s'opposer a ce que les Indiens soient employes, comme chasseurs ou a tout autre title, ainsi qu'ils l'ont ete jusqu'a present, sur des navires se livrant k la poursuite des phoques a, fourrure. Article 9. Les Reglements communs etablis par les Articles precedents, en vue de la protection et dela preservation des phoques a fourrure, demeureront en vigueur jusqu'a ce qu'ils aient ete en tout ou partie abolis ou modifies par un accord entre les Gouvernements des Etats-Unis et de la Grande-Bretagne. Lesdits Reglements communs seront soumis tous les cinq ans a un nouvel examen, pour que les deux Gouvernements interesse's se trouVent en mesure d'appretier, k la lumiere de l'experiehce acquise, s'il y a lieu d'y apporter quelque modification. Et attendu que le Gouvernement de Sa Majeste Britannique a soumis au Tribunal d'Arbitrage, par application de l'Article VIII dudit Traite, certaines questions de fait impliquees dans les reclamations dont il est fait mention audit Article VIII, et a soumis egalement a nous, formant ledit Tribunal, un expose des faits dans les termes suivants :â â .!!â 9 fflfir III $ S,M .Mr IrSwf I Conclusions de fait propose'es par VAgent de la Grande-Bretagne, acceptees par VAgent des Etats-Unis, qui en admet l'exactitude, et soumises a Vexamen du Tribunal d'Arbitrage. " 1. Que les diverses visites et saisies de navires ou de marchandises et les diverses arrestations de patrons et d'equipages, mentionnees dans 1'Annexe au Memoire Britannique (pages 1 a 60 inclusivement), ont etefaites par autorite du Gouvernement des Etats-Unis; les questions se rapportant a la valeur desdits navires ou de leur contenu, ensemble ou separement, et la question de savoir si les navires designs dans 1'Annexe au Memoire Britannique, ou certains d'entre eux, etaient, en totalite ou en partie, la propriety de citoyens des Etats-Unis, ont ete retirees et n'ont pas ete l'objet de l'examen du Tribunal, sous cette reserve que les Etats-Unis gardent le droit de soulever ces questions ou quelqu'une d'entre elles, s'ils le jugent k propos, dans toute negotiation ulterieure pouvant engager la responsabilite du Gouvernement des Etats-Unis, en ce qui touche le payement des sommes mentionnees dans l'Annexe au Memoire Britannique. "2. Que les susdites saisies, sauf en ce qui concerne le 'Pathfinder,' saisi a Neah Bay, ont ete effectuees dans la Mer de Behring, aux distances de la c6te mentionnees au Tableau ci-annexe, sous la lettre (C). " 3. Que lesdites visites et saisies de navires ont ete faites par des navires armes pour le service public des Etats-Unis, dont les Commandants avaient recu, toutes les fois qu'elles ont eu lieu, du Pouvoir Executif du Gouvernement des Etats-Unis, des instructions dont un exemplaire est reproduit en copie ci-apres, Annexe (A), les autres exemplaires desdites instructions etant conformes a ce modele sur les points essentiels ; que, dans toutes les occasions ou des poursuites entamees devant les Cours de District des Etats- Unis ont ete suivies de condamnations, ces poursuites ont debute par le depot d'un acte d'accusation, dont un modele est annexe ci-dessous, Annexe (B), les actes d'accusation deposes dans les autres procedures etant, en tous points essentiels, semblables k ce modele; que les actes ou delits, aliegues comme motifs de ces visites et saisies, ont ete accomplis ou commis dans la Mer de Behring, aux distances de la cote deja indiquees; que, dans tous les cas ou une condamnation a ete prononcee, excepte ceux ou les navires ont ete rel&ches apres condamnation, la saisie a ete approuvee par le Gouvernement des Etats-Unis, et que, dans les cas ou les navires ont 6i6 rel&ches, la saisie avait ete op6re*e par autorite du Gouvernement des Etats-Unis; que les amendes et emprisonnements susdits ont ete prononces a raison d'infractions aux lois nationales des Etats-Unisâ infractions toutes commises dans la Mer de Behring, aux distances de la c6te deja indiquees. "4. Que les difleYents ordres mentionnes dans l'Annexe ci-jointe sous la lettre (C) enjoignant a certains navires de quitter la Mer de Behring, ou de ne pas y entrer, ont ete donnes par des navires arn^s pour le service public des j^tats-Unis, dont les Commandants avaient toutes les fois qu'ils ont donne ces ordres, des instructions conformes a celles mentionnees ci-dessus sous le No. 3, et que les navires qui ont recu ces injonctions etaient occupes a la chasse des phoques ou faisaient route pour entreprendre cette chasse; et que cette facon de proceder a ete sanctionnee par le Gouvernement des Etats-Unis. " 5. Que les Cours de District des Etats-Unis, devant lesquelles des poursuites ont ete entamees ou suivies pour obtenir des condamnations contre les navires saisis, dont il est fait mention dans l'Annexe au Memoire de la Grande-Bretagne (pages 1 a 60 inclusivement), avaient tous droits de juridiction et pouvoirs appartenant au Cour d'Amiraute, y compris la juridiction de Tribunaux de Prises, mais que, dans chaque cas partieulier, la sentence prononcee par la Cour s'appuyait sur les causes mentionnees dans l'acte d'accusation. Y) Annexe (A). " (Traduction.) « Ddpartement du Trisor, Cabinet du SewitaAre, Washington, . "Monsieur, ] «21 Avr.il, 1886. " Comme suite k une lettre du Departenient, en date de ce jour, vous enjoignant de vous diriger avec le vapeur du Service des Douanes 'Bear/ place sous votre conimaiideinent, vers les iles aux phoques, vous etes par les presentes investi de tous les pouvoirs necessaires pour assurer l'execution de la Loi dont les termes sont contenus dans la Section 1956 des Statuts Eevisds des jctats-Unis, et ordre vous est donnd de saisir tout uavire et d'arreter et livrer aux autoritds competentes tout individu ou toutes personnes que vous trouveriez ;agissant en violation de la Loi susinentionnde, apres qu'un avertissement suffisant leur auga dte" donnd. "Vous saisirez egalement tous spiritueux et armes a-feu que Ton chercherait k introijtire dans le pays sans une permission en regie, en execution de la Section 1955 ttes Statute Revise* et de la Proclamation du President en date du 4 Fevrier, 187Q, " Respectueusement k vous. <Signd) «C. S. FAIRCHIID, « a n â¢+ â¢ -Mr a tt i " Secretaire par interim. " Au Capitame M. A. Healy, r " Commandant le vapeur du Service des Douanes ' Bear,' " a San Francisco (Californie). "Annexe (B). "Devant la Cour de District des Etats-Unis pour le District d'Alaska. " Session (Special Term) d'Aodt 1886. I (Traduction.) IA 1'Honorable Lafayette Dawson, Juge de ladite Cour de District. "Le requisitoire a fin d'information par lequel M. D. Ball, Attorney des ^tats-Unis pour le District d'Alaska, poursuivant au nom des Etats-Unis et present ici devant la Cour, en sa personne, comme Eeprdsentant des Etats-Unis et en leur nom, contre la goelette ' Thornton,' ses ao-rks, apparaux, embarcations, cargaison et materiel, et contre toutes personnes intervenant comme ayant des intdrets engages dans ce navire, en poursuite a fin de confiscation, prdsente les allegations et declarations suivantes:â " Que Charles A. Abbey, officier du Service des Douanes Maritimes des Etats-Unis, charge d'une mission speciale dans les eaux du District d'Alaska, anterieurement au present jour, a savoir le ler Aout, 1886, dans les limites du territoire d'Alaska et dans ses eaux, et dans les limites du district civil et judiciarre d'Alaska, a savoir dans l'dtendue des eaux de cette partie de la Mer de Behring qui appartient audit, district, dans des eaux navigables pour des navires venant de la haute mer et jaugeant 10 tonneaux ou au-dessus, a saisi le vaisseau ou navire communement denomme goelette, le 'Thornton,' ses agres, apparaux, embarcations, cargaison et materiel, lesquels dtaient la propridte" d'une ou de plusieurs personnes inconnues dudit attorney, et les a confisque*s au profit des Etats-Unis pour les causes ci-apres: " Que ledit navire ou goelette a ete trouve se livrant a la destruction des phoques a fourrure, dans les limites du territoire d'Alaska et de ses eaux, en violation des dispositions de la Section 1956 des Statuts Revises des Etats-Unis ; ," Et ledit attorney declare que toutes les propositions ci-dessus enoncees et chacune d'elles sont et etaient vraies, et qu'elles tombent sous la juridiction maritime et d'amiraute de cette Cour, et que, pour cette raison, et en execution des Statuts des Etats-Unis etablis et edictds pour de tels cas, le navire ou la goelette mentionnee et decrite ci-dessus, jaugeant plus de 20 tonneaux, ses agres, apparaux, â embarcations, cargaison et materiel ont dte et sont confisquds au profit des Etats-Unis, et que ladite godlette se trouve maintenant dans le district susdit. " Ce pourquoi ledit attorney demande que l'honorable Cour de Justice procede et avise comme d'usage en cette affaire, et que toutes personnes ayant un interet dans ladite goelette ou navire soient citeespar voie d'assignation generale ou speciale, afin de repondre aux propositions susdnoncees, et que, a la suite de la procedure a ce liecessaire, ledit navire ou goelette, ses agres, apparaux, embarcations, cargaison et materiel soient condamnes pour ladite cause ou tout autre qu'il apparaitrait juste, par arret formel et ddcret de cette honorable Cour, et confisques au profit desdits Etats-Unis, selon la forme des Statuts desdits fitats-Unis, dtablis et ddictds pour de tels cas. (Signd) ^ "M. D. BALL, "Attorney des Mats-Unis pour le district dAlasha. "Annexe (C). "LaTable ci-dessous contient les noms des navires Britanniques employes a la chasse des phoques qui ont ete saisis ou avertis par les croiseurs du Service des Douanes des Etats-Unis, de 1886 a 1890 et la distance approximative de la terre ou ces saisies ont eu lieu. Ces distances sont indiquees en ce ' W. P. Sayward,' 'Dolphin,' et'Grace,' d'apres le temoignage Tresor des Etats-Unis (Livre Bleu, Etats-Unis, No, 2, 1890, Britannique/ vol. iii)." du Capitaine Shepard, de la Marine du )p. 80-82 (voir ' Appendice au Memoire 11 ft s Date Distance approximative de Terre au moment Navire des iStats-Unis Nom du Navire. de la Saisie. de la Saisie. qui a fait la Saisie. Carolena ,. .. .. 1" Aout, 1886 75 milles .. â¢ â¢ .« .. Corwin. Thornton .. ,, .. 1" I 1886 70 milles .. .. .. â¢. Idem. Onward ., ,. .. 2 â 1886 115 milles .. .. â¢â¢ Idem. Favourite .. .. 2 â 1886 Averti par le "Corwin," a peu pres dans la meme position que "l'Onward." Anna Beck .. .. .. 2 Juillet, 1887 66 milles .. .. . â¢ â¢ â¢ Rush. W. P. Sayward 9 â 1887 59 milles .. .. â . .. Idem. Dolphin .. .. .. 12 â 1887 40 milles Idem. Grace .. .. .. 17 â 1887 96 milles .. .. .. .. Idem. Alfred Adams .. .. 10 Aout, 1887 62 milles .. .. .. .. Idem. Ada .. .. .. .. 25 â 1887 15 milles .. .. .. .. Bear. Triumph .. .. .. 4 â 1887 Averti par le " Rush " de ne pas cntrcr dans la Mer de Behring. Juanita ,, .. .. 31 Juillet, 1889 66 milles .. .. .. .. Rush. Pathfinder 29 â 1889 50 milles .. .. .. .. Idem. Triumph 11 â 1889 Averti par le "Rush" d'avoir a. quitter la Mer de Behring. Position au moment de l'avertissement (?). Black Diamond .. .. 11 â 1889 35 milles .. .. .. .. Idem. Lily 6 Aout, 1889 66 milles .. .. .. Idem, Ariel .. .. .. 30 Juillet, 1889 Averti par le " Rush" d'uvoir k quitter la Mer de Behring Kate.. .. .. 13 Aout, 1889 Idem. Minnie .. .. .. 15 Juillet, 1889 65 milles .. .. .. .. Idem. Pathfinder .. .. 27 Mars, 1890 Saisi dans la Baie de Neah* .. .. Corwin, Et attendu que le Gouvernement de Sa Majeste Britannique a demande a nous, Arbitres susnommes, de decider sur lesdites questions de fait, telles qu'elles resultent de l'expose susmentionne ; que l'Agent et les Conseils du Gouvernement des ^tats-Unis ont, en notre presence et s'adressant a nous, declare que ledit expose des faits etait confirme par les depositions des temoins, et qu'ils s'etaient mis d'accord avec l'Agent et les Conseils de Sa Majeste Britannique pour s'en remettre a nos Arbitres de dire et prononcer veritable, en tant que nous le jugerions a, propos, ledit expose des faits. Nous, Arbitres susnommes, disons et prononcons a l'uuanimite que lesdits faits, tels qu'ils se trouvent dans ledit expose, sont veritables. Et attendu que toutes et chacune des questions qui ont ete examinees par le Tribunal ont ete detidees a la majorite absolue des voix, Nous, le Baron de Courcel, Lord Hannen, le Juge Harlan, Sir John Thompson, le Senateur Morgan, le Marquis Visconti Venosta, et M. Gregers Gram, etant entendu que les Arbitres qui se sont trouves en minorite sur certaines questions, ne retirent pas leurs votes, dedarons que le present acte contient la decision finale et la sentence ecrite du Tribunal, conformement aux prescriptions du Traite. Fait en double a Paris, et signe par nous, le 15e jour d'Aout de 1'anDee 1893. (Signe) ALPH. DE COURCEL. JOHN M. HARLAN. JOHN* T. MORGAN. HANNEN. JNO. S. D. THOMPSON. 7l VISCONTI VENOSTA. G. GRAM. [English Version.] Award of the Tribunal of Arbitration constituted under the Treaty concluded at Washington, February 29, 1892, between the United States of America and Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. WHEREAS by a Treaty between the United States of America and Great Britain, signed at Washington the 29th February, 1892, the ratifications of which by the Governments of the two countries were exchang-ed at London on the 7th May, 1892, it was amongst other things, agreed and concluded that the questions which had arisen between the Government of the United States of America and the Government of Her Britannic * La Baie de Neah est situee dans l'fitat de Washington, et le " Pathfinder " y a &e saisi, du chef de d#its pommis par lui dans la Mpf 4f ftebnng 1 a&nge precedent?, Ce bStiment fi»t relSche" deux jours plus tard, * 9 Majesty, concerning the jurisdictional rights of the United States in the waters of Behring Sea, and concerning also the preservation of the fur-seal in or habitually resorting to the said sea, and the rights of the citizens and subjects of either country as regards the taking of fur-seals in or habitually resorting to the said waters, should be submitted to a Tribunal of Arbitration to be composed of seven Arbitrators, who should be appointed in the following manner, that is to say: two should be named by the President of the United States; two should be named by Her Britannic Majesty ; his Excellency the President of the French Republic should be jointly requested by the High Contracting Parties to name one ; His Majesty the King of Italy should be so requested to name one; His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway should be so requested to name one; the seven Arbitrators to be so named should be jurists of distinguished reputation in their respective countries, and the selecting Powers should be requested to choose, if possible, jurists who are acquainted with the English language ; And whereas it was further agreed by Article II of the said Treaty that the Arbitrators should meet at Paris within twenty days after the delivery of the Counter- Cases mentioned in Article IV, and should proceed "impartially and carefully to examine and decide the questions which had been or should be laid before them as in the said Treaty provided, on the part of the Governments of the United States and of Her Britannic Majesty respectively, aud that all questions considered by the Tribunal, including the final decision, should he determined by a majority of all the Arbitrators; And whereas by Article VI of the said Treaty, it was further provided as follows:â " In deciding the matters submitted to the said Arbitrators, it is agreed that the following five points shall be submitted to them in order that their Award shall embrace a distinct decision upon each of said five points, to wit: " 1. What exclusive jurisdiction in the sea now known as the Behring Sea, and what exclusive rights in the seal fisheries therein, did Russia assert and exercise prior and up to the time of the cession of Alaska to the United States ? " 2. How far were these claims of jurisdiction as to the seal fis'heries recognized and conceded by Great Britain ? "3. Was the body of water now known as the Behring Sea included in the phrase "Pacific Ocean," as used in the Treaty of 1825 between Great Britain and Russia; and what rights, if any, in the Behring Sea were held and exclusively exercised by Russia after said Treaty ? "4. Did not all the rights of Russia as to jurisdiction and as to the seal fisheries in Behring Sea east of the water boundary, in the Treaty between the United States and Russia of the 30th March, 1S67, pass unimpaired to the United States under that Treaty ? " 5. Has the United States any right, and if so, what right of protection or property in the fur-seals frequenting the islands of the United States in Behring Sea when such seals are found outside the ordinary 3-mile limit ?" And whereas by Article VII of the said Treaty it was further agreed as follows:â " If the determination of the foregoing questions as to the exclusive jurisdiction of the United States shall leave the subject in such position that the concurrence of Great Britain is necessary to the establishment of Regulations for the proper protection and preservation of the fur-seal in, or habitually resorting to, the Behring Sea, the Arbitrators shall then determine what concurrent Regulations, outside the jurisdictional limits of the respective Governments, are necessary, and over what waters such Regulations should extend; "The High Contracting Parties furthermore agree to co-operate in securing the adhesion of other Powers to such Regulations." And whereas, by Article VIII of the said Treaty, after reciting that the High Contracting Parties had found themselves unable to agree upon a reference which should include the question of the liability of each for the injuries alleged to have been sustained by the other, or by its citizens in connection with the claims presented and urged by it, and that " they were solicitous that this subordinate question should not interrupt or longer delay the submission and determination of the main questions," the High Contracting Parties agreed that " either of them might submit to the Arbitrators any question of fact involved in said claims and ask for a finding thereon, the question of the liability of either Government upon the facts found, to be the subject of further negotiation ;" And whereas the President of the United States of America named the Honourable JohnM. Harlan, Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and the Honourable John T. Morgan, Senator of the United States, to be two of the said Ajbitrators; and Her Britannic Majesty named the Right Honourable Lord Hannen and the Honourable hv John Thompson, "Minister of Jysfe"? and Attarney-Qen^l fqv pan&dtytQ t>0 two: of [6281 I M it X 10 the said Arbitrators; and his ExdfeHlency the President of th&Ifrench Republic, named the Baron de Courcel,;Mhltoi% Ambassador of France, to be one of the said Arbitrators; and His Majesty the King of Italy named the Marquis Emilio Visconti Venosta, former Minister of Foreign Affairs and Senator of the Kingdom of Italy, to be one of the said Arbitrators; and His Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway named Mr. Gregers Gram, Minister of State, to be one of the said Arbitrators ; And whereas we, the said Arbitrators, so named and appointed, having taken upon ourselves the burden of the said Arbitration, and having dnly met at Paris, proceeded impartially and carefully to examine and decide all the questions submitted to us the said Arbitrators, under the said Treaty, or laid before us as provided inthexsaid Treaty on the part of the Governments of Her Britannic Majesty and the United States respectively. Now we, the said Arbitrators, having impartially and carefully examined t%$ said questions, do in like manner by this our Award decide and determine the said questions in manner following, that is to say, we decide and determine as to the five points mentioned in Article VI, as to which qgir Award is to embrace a distinct decision upon each of them; As to the first of the said five points, we, the said Baron de Cou¥eel, Mr. Justice Harlan, Lord Hannen, Sir John Thompson, Marquis Visconti Venosta, and Mr. Gregers Gram, being a majority of the said Arbitrators, do decide and determine as follows:â By the Ukase of 1821, Russia claimed jurisdiction in the sea now known as the Behring's Sea, to the extent of 100 Italian miles from the coasts and islands belonging to her, but, in the course of the negotiations which led to the conclusion of the Treaties of 1824 with the United States, and of 1825 with Great Britain, Russia admitted that Her jurisdiction in the said sea should be restricted to the reach of cannon shot from shore, and it appears that, from that time up to the time of the cession of Alaska to the United States, Russia never asserted in fact or exercised any exclusive jurisdiction in Behring's Sea, or any exclusive rights in the seal fisheries therein beyond the ordinary limit of territorial waters. As to the second of the said five points, we, the said Baron de Courcel, Mr. Justice Harlan, Lord Hannen, Sir John Thompson, Marquis Visconti Venosta, and Mr. Gregers Gram, being a majority of the said Arbitrators, do decide and determine that Great Britain did not recognize or concede any claim, upon the part of Russia to exclusive jurisdiction as to the seal-fisheries in Behring Sea, outside of ordinary territorial waters. As to the third of the said five points, as to so much thereof as requires us to decide whether the body of water now known as the Behring Sea was included in the phrase I Pacific Ocean," as used in the Treaty of 1825 between Great Britain and Russia, we, the said Arbitrators, do unanimously decide and determine, that the body of water now known as the Behring Sea, was included in the phrase " Pacific Ocean " as used in the said Treaty. And as to so much of the-said third point as requires us to decide what rights, if any, in the Behring Sea were held and exclusively exercised by Russia after the said Treaty of 1825, we, the said Baron de Courcel, Mr. Justice Harlan, Lord Hannen, Sir John Thompson, Marquis Visconti Venosta, and Mr. Gregers Gram, being a majority of the said Arbitrators, do decide and determine that no exclusive rights of jurisdiction in Behring Sea and no exclusive rights as to the seal fisheries therein, were held or exercised by Russia outside of ordinary territorial waters after the Treaty of 1825. As to the fourth of the said five points, we, the said Arbitrators, do unanimously decide and determine that all the rights of Russia as to jurisdiction and as to the seal fisheries in Behring Sea, east of the water boundary, in the Treaty between the United States and Russia of the 30th March, 1867, did pass unimpaired to tlie United States under the said Treaty. As to the fifth of the said five points, we, the said Baron de Courcel, Lord Hannen, Sir John Thompson, Marquis Visconti Venosta, and Mr. Gregers Gram being a majority of the said Arbitrators, do decide and determine that the United States has not any right of protection or property in the fur-seals frequenting the islands of the United States in Behring Sea, when such seals are found outside the ordinary 3-mile limit. And whereas the aforesaid determination of the foregoing questions as to the exclusive jurisdiction of the United States mentioned in Article VI leaves the subject in such a position that the concurrence of Great Britain is necessary to the establishment of Regulations for the proper protection and preservation of the fur-seal in or habitually resorting to the Behring Sea, the Tribunal having decided by a majority as to each Article of the following Regulations, we, the said Baron de Courcel, Lord |$annen, Marquis Visconti 11 .Venosta, and Mr. Gregers Gram, assenting to the. whole of the nine Articles of the following Regulations, and being a majority of the said Arbitrators, do decide and determine in the mode provided by the Treaty, that the following concurrent Regulations outside the jurisdictional limits of the respective Governments are necessary, and that they should extend over the waters hereinafter mentioned, that is to say : j Article 1. The Governments of the United States and of Great Britain shall forbid their citizens and subjects respectively, to kill, capture, or pursue at any time and in any manner whatever, the animals commonly called fur-seals, within a zone of 60 miles around the Pribiloff Islands, inclusive of the territorial waters. The mile£ .mentioned in the preceding paragraph are geographical miles, of 60 to a degree of latitude. Article 2. The two Governments shall forbid their citizens and subjects respectively to kill, capture, or pursue, in any manner whatever, during the season extending, each year, from the 1st May to the 31st July, both inclusive, the fur-seals on the high sea, in the part of the Pacific Ocean, inclusive of the Behring Sea, which is situated to the north of the 35th degree of north latitude, and eastward of the 180th degree of longitude from Greenwich till it strikes the water boundary described in Article I of the Treaty of 1867 between .the United States and Russia, and following that line up to Behring Straits. Article 3. During the period of time and in the waters in which the fur-seal fishing is allowed, only sailing-vessels shall be permitted to carry on or take part in fur-seal fishing operations. They will, however, be at liberty to avail themselves of the use of such canoes or undecked boats, propelled by paddles, oars, or sails, as are in common use as fishing boats. Article 4. Each sailing vessel authorized to fish for fur-seals must be provided with a special licence issued for that purpose by its Government, and shall be required to carry a distinguishing flag to be prescribed by its Government. Article 5. The masters of the vessels engaged in fur-seal fishing shall enter accurately in their official log-book the date and place of each fur-seal fishing operation, and also the number and sex of the seals captured upon each day. These entries shall be communicated by each of the two Governments to the other at the end of each fishing season. Article 6. The use of nets, fire-arms, and explosives shall be forbidden in the fur-seal fishing. This restriction shall not apply to shot guns when such fishing takes place outside of Behring's Sea during the season wThen it may be lawfully carried on. Article 7. The two Governments shall take measures to control the fitness of the men authorized to engage in fur-seal, fishing. These men shall have been proved fit to handle with sufficient skill the weapons by means of which this fishing may be carried on. Article 8. The Regulations contained in the preceding Articles shall not apply to Indians dwelling on the coasts of the territory of the United States or of Great Britain, and carrying on fur-seal fishing in canoes or undecked boats not transported by or used in connection with other vessels and propelled wholly by paddles, oars, or sails, and manned by not more than five persons each in the way hitherto practised by the Indians, provided such Indians are not in the employment of other persons, and provided that, when so hunting in canoes or undecked boats, they shall not hunt fur-seals outside of territorial waters under contract for the delivery of the skins to any person. This exemption shall not be construed to affect the municipal law of. either country, nor shall it extend to the waters of Behring Sea, or the waters of the Aleutian Passes. Nothing herein contained is intended to interfere with the employment of Indians as hunters or otherwise in connection with fur-sealing vessels as heretofore. Article 9. The concurrent Regulations hereby determined with a view to the protection and preservation of the fur-seals, shall remain in force until they have been, in whole or in part, abolished or modified by common agreement between the Governments of the United States and of Great Britain. The said concurrent Regulations shall be submitted every five years to a new examination, so as to enable both interested Governments to consider whether, in the light of past experience, there is occasion for any modification thereof. And whereas the Government of Her Britannic Majesty did submit to the Tribunal of Arbitration by Article VIII of the said Treaty certain questions of fact involved in the claims referred to in the said Article VIII, and did also submit to us, the said Tribunal, a statement of the said facts, as follows, that is to say :â- i [623] C 2 ffi*wP 12 c ' Findings of fact proposed by the Agent of Great Britain and agreed to as proved by the Agent for the United States, and submitted to the Tribunal of Arbitration for its consideration. "1. That the several searches and seizures, whether of ships or goods, and the several arrests of masters and crews, respectively mentioned in the Schedule to the British Case, pp. 1 to 60 inclusive, were made by the authority of the United States' Government. The questions as to the value of the said vessels or their contents, or either of them, and the question as to whether the vessels mentioned in the Schedule to the British Case, or any of them, were wholly or in part the actual property of citizens of the United States, have been withdrawn from, and have not been considered by the Tribunal, it being understood that it is open to the United States to raise these questions, or any of them, if they think fit, in any future negotiations as to the liability.of the United States' Government to pay the amounts mentioned in the Schedule to the British Case. " 2. That the seizures aforesaid, with the exception of the * Pathfinder,' seized at Neah Bay, were made in Behring Sea at the distances from shore mentioned in the Schedule annexed hereto marked (C). "3. That the said several searches and seizures of vessels were made by public armed vessels of the United States, the Commanders of which had, at the several times when they were made, from the Executive Department of the Government of the United States, instructions, a copy of one of which is annexed hereto marked (A), and that the others were, in all substantial respects, the same. That in all the instances in which proceedings were had in the District Courts of the United States resulting in condemnation, such proceedings were begun by the filing of libels, a copy of one of which is annexed hereto, marked (B), and that the libels in the other proceedings were in all substantial respects the same; that the alleged acts or offences for which said several searches and seizures were made were in each case done or committed in Behring Sea at the distances from shore aforesaid; and that in each case in which sentence of condemnation was passed, except in those cases when the vessels were released after condemnation, the seizure was adopted by the Government of the United States : and in those cases in which the vessels were released the seizure was made by the authority of the United States; that the said fines and imprisonments were for alleged breaches of the municipal laws of the United States, which alleged breaches were wholly committed in Behring Sea at the distances from the shore aforesaid; "4. That the several orders mentioned in the Schedule annexed hereto, and marked (C), warning vessels to leave or not to enter Behring Sea were made by public armed vessels of the United States, the Commanders of which had, at the several times when they were given, like instructions as mentioned in rinding 3, and that the vessels so warned were engaged in sealing or prosecuting voyages for that purpose, and that such action was adopted by the Government of the United States; " 5. That the District Courts of the United States in which any proceedings were had or taken for the purpose of condemning any vessel seized as mentioned in the Schedule to the Case of Great Britain, pp. 1 to 60, inclusive, had all the jurisdiction and powers of Courts of Admiralty, including the prize jurisdiction, but that in each case the sentence pronounced by the Court was based upon the grounds set forth in the libel. "Annex (A). " Treasury Department, Office of tlie Secretary, Washington) "Sir, "April 21,1886. " Eeferring to Department letter of this date, directing you to proceed with the revenue-steamer ' Bear,' under your command, to the Seal Islands, &c, you are hereby clothed with full power to enforce the Law contained in the provisions of Section 1956 of the United States' Eevised Statutes, and directed to seize all vessels and arrest and deliver to the proper authorities any or all persons whom you may detect violating the Law referred to, after due notice shall have been given. ""You will also seize any.liquors or fire-arms attempted to be introduced into the country without proper permit, under the provisions of Section 1955 of the Revised Statutes, and the Proclamation of the President dated the 4th February, 1870. " Respectfully yours, (Signed) " C, S. FAIRCHILD, " Acting Secretary, " Captain M. A. Healy, y "Commanding revenue-steamer 'Sear,' " San Francisco, California." = = MM il 13 "Annex (B). "In the District Court of the United States for the District of Alaska. "August Special Term, 1886. "To the Honourable Lafayette Dawson, Judge of said District Court, " The libel of information of M. D. Ball, Attorney for the United States for the District of Alaska, who prosecutes on behalf of said United States, and being present here in Court in his proper person, in the name and on behalf of the said United States, against the schooner' Thornton,' her tackle apparel, boats, cargo, and furniture, and against all persons intervening for their interest therein, in a cause of forfeiture, alleges and informs as follows :â " That Charles A Abbey, an officer in the Revenue Marine Service of the United States, and on special duty in the waters of the district of Alaska, heretofore, to wit, on the 1st day of August, 1886, within the limits of Alaska Territory, and in the waters thereof, and within the civil and judicial district of Alaska, to wit, within the waters of that portion of Behring Sea belonging to the said district, on waters navigable from the sea by vessels of 10 or more tons burden, seized the ship or vessel commonly called a schooner, the ' Thornton,' her tackle, apparel, boats, cargo, and furniture, being the property of some person or persons to the said Attorney unknown, as forfeited to the United States, for the following causes : I That the said vessel or schooner was found engaged in killing fur-seal within the limits of Alaska Territory, and in the waters thereof, in violation of Section 1956 of the Revised Statutes of the United States. " And the said Attorney saith that all and singular the premises are and were true, and within the Admiralty and Maritime jurisdiction of this Court, and that by reason thereof, and by force of the Statutes of the United States in such cases made and provided, the afore-mentioned and described schooner or vessel, being a vessel of over 20 tons burden, her tackle, apparel, boats, cargo, and furniture, became and are forfeited to the use of the said United States, and that said schooner is now within the district aforesaid. " Wherefore the said Attorney prays the usual process and monition of this honourable Court issue in this behalf, and that all persons interested in the before-mentioned and described schooner or vessel may be cited in general and special to answer the premises, and all due proceedings being had, that the said schooner or vessel, her tackle, apparel, boats, cargo, and furniture, may, for the cause aforesaid, and others appearing, to be condemned by the definite sentence and decree of this honourable Court, as forfeited to the use of the said United States, according to the form of the Statute of the said United States in such cases made and provided. (Signed) "M. D. BALL, " United States' District Attorney for the District of Alaska." "Annex (C). "The following Table shows the names of the British sealing-vessels seized or warned by United States' revenue-cruizers, 1886-1890, and the approximate distance from land when seized. The distances assigned in the cases of the ' Carolena," Thornton,' and 'Onward,' are on the authority of United States' Naval Commander Abbey (see 50th Congress, 2nd Session, Senate Executive Documents No 106 pp. 20, 30, 40). The distances assigned in the cases of the ' Anna Beck,' 'W. P. Sayward,' 'Dolphin,* and ''Grace' are on the authority of Captain Shepard, United States' Royal Marine (Blue Book, United States, No. 2, 1890, pp. 80-82. See Appendix, vol. iii)." Name of Vessel. Carolena . â¢ Thornton â¢â¢ Onward â¢ â¢ Favourite .. Anna Beck .. W. P. Sayward Dolphin . â¢ Grace .. Alfred Adams .. Ada.. »â¢ Triump ii .. Juanita .. Pathfinder .. Triumph .. Black Diamond Lily.. .. Ariel . â¢ Kate. â¢ â¢ â¢ Minnie 0. Pathfinder Date of Seizure. August July August July August July August July March 1, 1886 1, 1886 2, 1886 2, 1886 2, 1887 9, 1887 12, 1887 17, 1887 10, 1887 25, 1887 4, 1887 31, 1889 29, 1889 11, 1889 11, 1889 6, 1889 30, 1889 13, 1889 15, 1889 27, 1890 Approximate Distance from Land when seized. 75 miles .. .. â¢â¢ â¢â¢ 70 miles â¢ â¢ â¢. â¢ â¢ â¢ â¢ 115 miles .. .. â¢â¢ ( _ â¢â¢ Warned by " Conrin" in about same" position as "Onward." 66 miles . â¢ .. â¢ â¢ â¢ â¢ 59 miles .. .. â¢ â¢ â¢ â¢ 40 miles â¢ â¢ .. â¢â¢ â¢ â 96 miles â¢. â¢ â¢ â¢ â¢ â¢ â¢ 62 miles .. .. â¢ â¢ â¢ â¢ 15 miles .. â¢ â¢ â¢ â¢ â¢ â¢ Warned by " Rush" not to enter Behring Sea. 66 miles .. .. â¢ â¢ â¢ â¢ 50 miles .. .. â¢â¢ â¢â¢ Ordered out of Behring Sea by " Rush " (?). As to position when warned. 85 miles â¢ â¢ .. â¢ â¢ â¢ â¢ 66 miles â¢â¢ .. â¢â¢ â¢â¢ Ordered out of Behring Sea by " Rush." Ditto. 65 miles .. .. â¢ â¢ â¢ â Seized in Neah Bay* . â¢ â¢ â¢ â¢ â¢ United States' Vessel making Seizures. Corwin. Ditto. Ditto. Rush. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto, Bear. Rush. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Ditto. Corwin. * Neah Bay is in in the previous year. the State of Washington, and the She was released two days later. 'Pathfinder " was seised there on charges made against her in Behring Sea us I Mis . â¢II! 'II i\n#' il- 14 And whereas the Government of Her Britennic Majesty did ask the said Arbitrators to find the said facts as set forth in the said statement, and whereas the Agent and Counsel for the United States' Government thereupon in our presence informed us that the said statement of facts was sustained by the evidence, and that they had agreed with the Agent and Counsel for Her Britannic Majesty that we, the Arbitrators, if we should think fit so to do might find the said statement of facts to be true. Now, we, the said Arbitrators, do unanimously find the facts as set forth in the said statement to be true. And whereas each and every question which has been considered by the Tribunal has been determined by a majority of all the Arbitrators; Now, we, Baron de Courcel, Lord Hannen, Mr. Justice Harlan, Sir John Thompson, Senator Morgan, the Marquis Visconti Venosta, and Mr. Gregers Grany the respective minorities not withdrawing their votes, do declare this to be the final decision and Award in writing of this Tribunal in accordance with the Treaty. Made in duplicate at Paris, and signed by us the 15th day of August, in the year 1893. And we do certifv this English version thereof to be true and accurate. (Signed) ALPH. DE COURCEL. JOHN M. HARLAN. JOHN T. MORGAN. HANNEN. JNO. S. D. THOMPSON. VISCONTI VENOSTA. G. GRAM. Inclosure 2. Declarations faites par le Tribunal d?Arbitrage et presentees aux Gouvernements des Etats-Unis et de la Grande-Bretagne pour etre prises en consideration par ces Gouvernements. 1. LES Arbitres declarent que les Reglements communs tels qu'ils sont etablis par le Tribunal d'Arbitrage, en vertu de l'Article VII du Traite du 29 Fevrier, 1892, n'etant applicables que sur la haute mer, devront, dans leur pense*e, etre completes par d'autres Reglements applicables dans les limites de la souverainete* de chacune des deux Puissances interessees et qui devront etre fixes par elles d'un commun accord. 2. Vu l'etat critique auquel il parait constant que la race des phoques a fourrure se trouve actuellement reduite par suite de circonstances incompletement eclaircies, les Arbitres croient devoir recommander aux deux Gouvernements de se concerter en vue d'interdire toute destruction des phoques a fourrure, tant sur terre que sur mer, pendant une periode de deux ou trois ans, ou d'une annee au moins, sauf telles exceptions que les deux Gouvernements pourraient trouver a, propos d'admettre. Si cette mesure donnait de bons resultats, elle pourrait etre appliquee de nouveau, a certains intervalles, suivant les circonstances. 3. Les Arbitres declarent en outre que, dans leur pensee, l'execution des Reglements etablis par le Tribunal d'Arbitrage devra etre assuree par un ensemble de stipulations et de mesures qu'il appartiendra aux deux Puissances d'arreter, et que le Tribunal doit s'en remettre en consequence a ces deux Puissances pour rendre effectifs les Reglements etablis par lui. Fait et signe k Paris, le 15 Aout, 1893. J'approuve les Declarations 1 et 3. J'approuve les Declarations 1 et 3. (Signe-) ALPH. DE COURCEL, JOHN M. HARLAN. JOHN T. MORGAN. HANNEN. JNO. S D. THOMPSON. VISCONTI VENOSTA. G. GRAMr: m 15 [English Version.] Declarations made by the Tribunal of Arbitration and referred to the Governments of the United States and Great Britain for their consideration. 1. THE Arbitrators declare that the concurrent Regulations, as determined upon by the Tribunal of Arbitration, by virtue of Article VII of the Treaty of the 29th February, 1892, being applicable to the high sea only, should, in their opinion, be supplemented by other Regulations applicable within the limits of the sovereignty of each of the two Powers interested and to be settled by their common agreement. 2. In view of the critical condition to which it appears certain that the race of fur- seals is now reduced in consequence of circumstances not fully known, the Arbitrators think fit to recommend both Governments to come to an understanding in order to prohibit any Killing of fur-seals, either on land or at sea, for a period of two or three years, or at least one year, subject to such exceptions as the two Governments might think proper to admit of. Such a measure might be recurred to at occasional intervals if found beneficial. 8. The Arbitrators declare moreover that, in their opinion, the carrying out of the Regulations determined upon by the Tribunal of Arbitration should be assured by a system of stipulations-and measures to be enaoted by the t^o Powers j and that the Tribunal must, in consequence, leave it to the two Powers to decide upon the means for giving effect to the Regulations determined upon by it. We do certify this English version to be true and accurate and have signed the same at Paris, this 15th day of August, 1893. (Signed) I approve Declarations 1 and 3. I approve Declarations 1 and 3. AiPH. DE COURCEL. JOHN M. HARLAN. JOHN T. MORGAN. HANNEN. JNO. S. D. THOMPSON. VISCONTI VENOSTA. G. GRAM.
Bound together with 5 other reports. Other copies: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/932900016 Part of: Wallace B. Chung and Madeline H. Chung Collection
Legislative proceedings
English ; French
Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library
London : Harrison and Sons
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Original Format: University of British Columbia. Library. Rare Books and Special Collections. SH361 .G73 1893
Bering Sea controversy
Sealing
Behring Sea arbitration. Award of the tribunal of arbitration, constituted under Article I of the treaty concluded at Washington on the 29th February 1892, between Her Britannic Majesty and the United States of America
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