"8fc9def7-969f-4701-98e5-f5a904926069"@en . "CONTENTdm"@en . "Victoria water supply"@en . "report ... addressed to the Hon. the Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works, British Columbia, dated October 28th, 1872"@en . "http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=2879885"@en . "British Columbia Historical Books Collection"@en . "Bulkley, Thomas A."@en . "2016-10-26"@en . "1872"@en . "https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/bcbooks/items/1.0222103/source.json"@en . "22 pages : maps (folded), plans (folded), tables ; 28 cm"@en . "application/pdf"@en . " OFFICE OF CHIEF ENGINEER TO GOVERNMENT,\nVictoria, British Columbia.\nThe Hon. Geo . /C|* VTaleeM,\nChief Commissioner of Lands and Works,\nSir:\nOne of the first questions requiring ray attentiou, on entering upon my duties\nunder the terms of your litter of the 24th of April, Was that of the Supply of Water\nto the City of Victoria.\nI have now the honor to submit my report on the subject, together with the\nresult of my examinations, and Surveys, Plans and Estimates of the project, which\nI beg to recommend for your adoption.\n^\"np^y\"*8 . In the absence of any specially expressed instructions, the\nrequirements which I proposed to myself were as follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\"A supply of water pure and soft, ample for existing requirements and\ncapable of extension to meet the-wants of such a considerably increased\npopulation as Victoria may reasonably expect.\nA supply which shall be constant and on the High Service System and\nobtained, if possible, by gravitation in preference to pumping.\nA supply to be obtained at the smallest cost compatible with efficiency;\nif possible at such an estimate as will enable the project to be financially\nself'supportiug.\nraterftmust be pure and The neceB8ity for a supplj 0f pure water is now, I imagine,\nmore or less generally recognized; the advantage of \"soft\" water, however, in preference to \"hard,\" on both healthful and economical grounds, is not as a rule so\nwell understood.\nThe Report by the General Board of Health upon the supply of water to London'\nabounds with evidence bearing upon this point.\nDr. Sutherland's evidence in t-v rt ,\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 1 j \u00E2\u0096\u00A0 i \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 1 . j_i j. i i i \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 i\nfavor of soft water. Dr. Sutherland in his evidence states that he had examined\nthe works for the supply of Gorbals, Paisley and Sterling, in all of which the water\nis obtained from gathering grounds and thence distributed: all these waters are\ndescribed as \"remarkably soft,\" Sterling water being only 1 degree of hardness,\nPaisley 2 degrees, and Gorbals about 3J degrees, \"and to a person accustomed to\nthe hard water supply of London the sensation in washing is, that it can be done\nas well without soap in tnese waters as with soap in the London waters.\"\nPUBLIC LIBRARY WtMl\nfil\nC 2]\nAgain he remarks:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\"In those towns were a soft water supply has lately been introduced, I found a deciied conviction\nprevailing among the medicel profession as to the sanitary advantages ot such waters, merely on the\nground of tbeir softness. The evidence goes to prove that dyspeptic complaints diminish, that epidemics\nare less severe and less fatal, and that stone and other calculous diseases are prevented. \"\nDr. Leech, of Glasgow, in the district supplied by the Gorbals Gravitation\nWater-works, said:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\"My attention has been called to the bearing of the questioa of pure soft water supply on the public\nhealth. The Gorbals water is very soft and pure. The new supply has been introducer] about two years;\nbut in consequence of the bad water supply which existed before the new water was introduced, my attention as well as that of my raedh-al brethren was directed to the question for a long time previously.\nThe comparative value of the new soft supply over the hard supply has been a matter of discussion at the\nGlasgow Southern Medical Society, of which I was president two years. It was the unanimous opinion of\nt ie medical profession, that gre it benefits of a sanitary kind had followed in the substitution of the soft\nwater on the priuciple of constant supply. It has been observed, that since this change, urinary.disea-es\nhave become less frequent, especially, those attended by the deposition of gravel. So far as experience\nhas gone, my own opinion is, that dyspeptic complaints have become diminished in number. With the\nsame reservation as to time, it is the opinion of the medical profession that fever has numerically diminished, and that the cases that occur are more amenable to treatment by the* use of the soft water supply\nthan they were with the former supply.\"\nAnd again,\n\"I cannot therefore but express my conviction that in all towns where it may be found necessary to\nto obtain a new source of supply, this evidence as to the peculiar advantages of soft water in regard to\nhealth should apart from the well known economic value of such water, exercise great influence in determining the selection.\nBr' faro\" ofsoft water*6 | Br, Holland, after describing a process in which he employed\nlime to effect the softening of hard water, was questioned as to whether it was\nworth while to go to so much trouble and expense for the sake of obtaining soft\nwater; his reply was:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\"Certainly, it is very well worth while; in fact, without liming, I consider the water quite u/i&t Tor\ndrinking; though it varies in quality, it has generally a very perceptible taste and smell which the lime\nremoves. Then as to softness; I am charged 35s. a year for water (which is far too much), but, however,\nwater costs me say 8d. a-week, but the soap for my family, in addition to that for the washing sent on\ncosts about is. Gd. a week, or twice as much as the water. It is evident that by diminishing the hardness ot the water, and thereby the waste of soap, I may easily save the amount of my water-rate in that\narticle alone.\ Besides that, I can wash comfortably with softened water, but I cannot do so with any\nquantity of soap with the water before it is limed, unless I have it boiled to precipitate the chalk, which\nprocess is more expensive and troublesome. I should, however, much prefer being supplied with a water\nfit for ordinary domestic purposes, and, if necessary, paying more for it,\n\"Have you tried the difference of hard and soft water for cooking?\u00E2\u0080\u0094I have not made any accurate ex-\nperiments except as to tea making; I find that the water softened by means of oxalate of ammonia extracts\nthe strength of tea almost twice as well as when hard. I had tea made with equal quantities of the lea',\nand equal quantities of boiling water, with and without oxalate of ammonia. The infusion made with\nwater softened by the oxalate, was stronger and better flavoured, and had to be dilated with the addition\n80 per cent, of hot water to bring it down to the strength of the other. It follows, therefore, that with\nthe oxalate 10 parts of tea go as far as IS without it.\n\"Does that saving pay for the expense?\u00E2\u0080\u0094Over and over again; my tea costs me about Is. a week, if\nI can save eight parts oat of 18, I can have as strong and better flavoured tea for less than Id. a week >\nV [3 ]\nle:ng a saving nearly equal to the water rate. It is not easy, however, to get these savings effected regularly; it is apt to be forgotten, and cannot well be left to the servants. It would be far better to have a\nwater originnlly soft, if it were procurable.\"\nDr. Lyon piayfairs evidence j)r Lyon PI ay fair, in the course ofhis evidence, when asked\nas to the domestic value , , i i -i /\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 1 n- r- i \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 .-,\nof soft water. whether he had found reason to modify his opinion as to the .\ndo.nestic value of soft water, replied:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\"I speak with the force of increased experience when F say that I formerly greatly underrated the\nadvantages of soft water. I need not allude to the importance of soft water for washing further than to\nsay 30 ozs. of soap are consumed by every 100 gallons of Thames witter before it forms a lather fitted for\ndetergent purposes. The importance of soft water in cooking is less obvious, but no less ascertained to\nexercise an important influence on the culinary art. With regard to health, accurate observations have\nnot yet been made, especially with reference to human subjects, but, on anima's, the effect of bard water\nis very apparent. Horses have an instinctive love for soft water, and refuse bard wa>er if they can possibly\ng(-t the former. Hard water produces a rough and staring coat on horses and renders them liable to gripes.\nPigeons also refuse bard water if they can obtain access to soft. Gleghoru states, that hard water in\nMinorca causes diseases in the system of certain animals, e-pecially sheep, -\"'o much are race horses in~\nfluenced by the quality of the water that it is not unfrequent to carry a supply of soft water to the locality\nin which the race is to take place, lest their being only hard water the horses should lose c .ndition.\nMr. Youatt, in his book called \"The Horse,\" in remarking upon the desirableness of soft water for\nthe horse, says, 'Instinct or experience has made the horse himself conscious of this, for he will never\ndrink hard water if he has access to soft; he will leave the most transparent water of the well for a river,\na'though the water may be torbid, and even for the muddiest pool.' And again, in another place, he says,\n'Hard water drawn fresh from the well will assuredly make the coat of a horse unaccustomed to it stare,\nand will not unfreqnently gripe or further injure it.' \"\nMr. soyer-s evidence as to | Mi\ Alexis Soyer, the well known cook, grave the result of\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2the value of soft water . . ~ ^#S* ,\nculinary purposes. -his experience as being entirely in favor of soft water over hard\nfor all culinary purposes. From experiments made by him it appeared that it\nrequired one-fourth more time and fuel to cook vegetables or meat with hard than\nwith soft water; that hard water was ill adapted for making soups and broths, that\nit was also very inferior in making bread and in brewing operations.\nLastly, in connection with the question of soft water, James Temple, Esq., or\nPaisley was examined, as follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nMr. Temples' evidence in \" What experience has there been at Paisley of the public use of waters\nfavor of soft water from {ifc^eSjfc $@ffM \"\ngathering grounds. of different qualities?\u00E2\u0080\u0094Previously to the introduction of the new water\nj.upply, the water used was spring water and river water. The spring water taken from the wells was very\nhard; the river water was comparatively soft, and was used for washing. A snpply was afterwards obtained\nof jet softer water from gathering grounds, the water at present in use being of only two degrees of hardness. An Act of Parliament was obtained to supply the town with river water, as being much softer than\nwell water, but on ascertaining that a still softer water might be procured, the townspeople allowed the\nAct to expire without availing themselves of the powers conferred by it. This softer water, obtained from\ngathering grounds, is now in use, and is of two degrees of hardness.\n\"What can you state as evidence of popular appreciation of the softer water now supplied?\u00E2\u0080\u0094The popular complaint is that it is sold at too high a price, and they think it no crime to steal it, and they do steal\nit whenever they can.\n\"May they have well water or river water without stealing?\u00E2\u0080\u0094Yes ; they may.\n\"This soft water is, then, preferred to the well or river water?\u00E2\u0080\u0094Yes ; for every purpose.\n\"For drinking?\u00E2\u0080\u0094Yes, for drinking particular^; for myself, when I come to London I think I shall no\nget a good drink of water until I again return to Paisley.\n\"Is the supply of water constant at Paisley?\u00E2\u0080\u0094Yes ; by gravitation. I\nr\nIII\n\"Is the soft water considered superior for tea and washing?\u00E2\u0080\u0094For tea, there is not a lady in Paisley who\nwould not give testimony as to its superiority. We End also in washing that we have a great saving cot\nonly of soap, but also of the wear and tear of clothes, from the greater rubbing occasioned b> hard water,''\nThese opmions all tend to prove that were a plentiful supply of soft water procurable at a moderate cost, the population of this city would not be backward in\navailing themselves of it in preference to the hard and frequently impure water\nfrom the generality of yard and garden wells.\nscale ofhardncsc. The degrees of hardness referred to, are in accordance with\na scale devised by Professor Clarke and since generally adopted. Thus, by water\ndescribed as of 1, 2, 6 or 10 degrees of hardness is intended the hardening effect\nthat would be produced by dissolving respectively 1, 2, 6 or 10 grains of chalk in a\ngallon of water.\n>aterffrJm varioiw\"oui-cosf The result of an examination of various waters, was found\nby the \"Board of Health\" to be as follows:-\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nWell and Spring\nP-iver water\ninjr water.\t\nNo.\n264\n111\n49\nof Specimens.\nAverage Hardness\n25\u00C2\u00B0 .86\n13\u00C2\u00B0 .05\nurface Collection\t\n4\u00C2\u00B0 .94\nQuantity fit Water required is \u00C2\u00BBr. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2, 1 -i , ,-t ,., jc \u00C2\u00B1. ~\ x.\n25 gallons per head per day. With regard, now, to the quantity of water required to\nrender the supply \"ample for existing demands.\" In estimating this I shall probably be sufficiently accurate in assuming the existing population at five thousand,\nfor which I propose to allow 25 gallons per head per day.\nThe following table gives some particulars regarding the populations provided\nfor and the water actually supplied by several existing water companies ;\nTable of particulars regarding the delivery of several existing Water Cos.\nrTame of Company.\nPopulation sup-1 Mileage of Pipesl Diameter\nplied, estimatedlexciuding house! of\nat 7 8 per. 1 ou.-e.l service. Pipes.\nQuantity of water de-\nli\ ered annually\nfor all purposes.\nNew River Company...\nEast London Water Co\nSqut.liwark & Vauxhall\nWest Middlesex Co\t\nLambeth Co\t\nChelsea Co\t\nGrand Junction Co\t\nKent Co\t\nHampstead Co\t\nPaisley Co\t\nGlasgow North Co\t\ndo South or Gorbals Gravitation Co.\nSt'r iog Co ,\nNottingham (Jo\t\nPreston Co\t\nPhiladelphia Co\t\n650,000\n442 000\n271.939\n190,944\n182,488\n163,768\n109,652\n75,129\n35,022\n29,690\n325,000\n70,000\n10,305\n35,000\n78,000\n240,000\n228\n380\n150\n135\n134\n80\n85\n26\n115\n3 to 42 in.\n2 to\n27 in.\n2 to\n23 in.\n3 to\n18 in.\n3f to\n32 in.\n1J to\n24 in.\n3 to\n12in.\n12 to\n22 in.\n6,570,000\n3,222,753\n2,195,000\n1,216,929\n1,123,200\n1,438,458\n1,289,184\n393,948\n156,020\n4s7,658\n3,832,500\n000 gals.\n876 do\n000\n,8f2\n,000\n000\n930\n,750\n,000\n.250\n'ooo\n817,600,000\n48.897,285\n248,200,000\n277,400,000\n1,825,000,000\ndo\ndo\ndo\ndo.\ndo\n'do\ndo\ndo\ndo\ndo\ndo\ndo\ndo\ndo\nQuan. of water\ndelivered per\niead per d*y\u00C2\u00AB\n28 gals.\n20 do\n22 do\n17 do\n16 do\n24 do\n33 do\n14 do\n12 do\n45 do\n52 do\n32 do\n13 do\n19 do\n9 do\n20 do C5]\nFrom this it will be seen that the quautity of water delivered, varied between\n9 and 45 gallons, averaging about 24 gallons per head per day.\n*This is, however, for all purposes, including street watering, sewer flushing,\nfire extinguishing, and special supplies to manufactories, and including a very large\nproportion of waste.\nFrom the evidence before the Board of Health it appeared that the quantity of\nwater actually entering into consumption, was far below that pumped into the\nmains or drawn from the reservoir.\nQua..Htr of water applied to jn Stirling- the consumption in the better class of houses\nvarious towns iu England .\nand Scotland. including washing, baths and water-closets, was found to be\nalmost 5J gallors per head per day.\nA direct experiment made in a first-class house in Liverpool showed the actual\nconsumption to be 7 gallons per head per day for all purposes.\nA similar measurement at one of the Liverpool hospitals gave a result of 10\ngallons per head per day.\nMr. Gale in a paper descriptive of the new Glasgow Water Works, on which\nhe was Resident Engineer, states that \"the quantity of water used in the manufacturing towns of Lancashire is about 20 gallons per head per day for all purposes.\n\"In Manchester with a population nearly the same as Glasgow it is 22 gallons,\nand the quantity sold for trade purposes is from 5 to 8 gallons per head per day.\n\" In Sunderland with a population of 130,000 it is 15 gallons, of which 3 go to\nmanufactures,\n\" In Nottingham it is 17 to 18 gallons per head, of which 5 or 6 are sold for\ntrade purposes.\"\nThe quantity, therefore, which I have mentioned above, viz.: 25 gallons per\nhead per day, appears to be a sufficiently liberal supply for Victoria.\nnnouVp\"e^ntpo^\u00C2\u00BB,iaoiif>r We require then for our assumed population of five thousand, a daily supply of 125,000 gallons, which is equivalent to 45\u00C2\u00A3 millions of gallons per annum.\nI will return to the question of a future extension of the supply after explain\nbag the details of my project.\nAdTMtuKM of \"high pre.- rjjjg advantages of \"High Service\" and a constant supply are\nsure\" and \"constant sup- \u00C2\u00B0 \u00C2\u00B0 it\npiy.\u00C2\u00AB now so well known that they are adopted m all new works, and\nintroduced where practical in old works ia favour of the intermittent system.\nci\u00C2\u00ABterns avoided. The advantages of a constant supply are manifold. The\nexpense of cisterns and their attendant annoyance and impurities are avoided.\nWith cisterns of lead, exposed to the action of both air and water, poisoning is the\nresult. While according to Dr. Angus Smith \"if wooden cisterns are used pure\nwater can never be obtained.\"\npo*.\u00E2\u0080\u009Eh*0f the water ayoi- Again, with a constant supply, the leaden service pipes are\nalways kept fall and consequently free from air; by this means the oxidisation of\nthe lead and poisoning of the water is avoided. [6]\nsecurity againse fire. Among the advantages of ''High Service\" is that of greater\nsecurity against fire. Fire pulgs can bo provided at certain known intervals\nalono- the principal streets, and by means of a.hydrant, hose and nozzle, a high pressure jet of water can be obtained without the intervention of a fire engine.\nIt is stated that, with proper arrangements, a jet may thus, be thrown on a\nhouse within two minutes of its being found to be on fire, while according to Mr.\nBraidwood it took on an average in London \"more than 20 minutes before an\nen\u00C2\u00ABrine can be brought to the spot and set to work at a fire, and more than 30\nminutes in other towns.\"\nsurplus water at high pres- a high pressure jet affords the easiest means of cleansing\nsure can be utilized as a ^ windows, side-walks, and of watering the\nmechanical power. uuuov ' ' ' \u00C2\u00B0\ntreets- and with a high pressure, any surplus supply of water provides, at a small\ncost, a convenient mechanical power which can be utilized for turning lathes, chaff\ncutters, printing and other small machines.\nsaving in servants labor. Finally in this country of high wages and scarce servants it is\nol no small importance to be able to command a constant supply of water in the\nupper part of the house without the labor of carrying it\nobjections to the pumping fu o-reat disadvantage of a supply of water by pumping as\nsystem. \u00C2\u00A9 \u00C2\u00B0 \ . x \u00C2\u00AB. \u00C2\u00AB->\ncompared with a supply on the gravitation system, is that of expense; and not so\nmuch the prime cost of engines and machinery as the continual expense of pumping and maintenance.\nThen the engines are liable to get out of order, and the result, unless they are I\nin duplicate, is an interruption in the water supply.\nAgain, pumping as a rule, necessitates either an intermittent supply or consi-j\nderable expenditure in the construction ot distributing reservoirs.\nGravitating system is the There is no doubt then that a high pressure supply of water\nsimplest, cheapest and ^ ^ gravitating system, provides the maximum of convenience ]\nbest. O O \u00E2\u0080\u00A2/ t\nat the minimum of cost for maintenance.\nIn adopting the gravitating\nsystem certain things are\nnecessary.\nIn order, however, to adopt this system, the following requirements must^be satisfied:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n1. The reservoir or other source from which the supply is drawn, must be sufficiently high to command the highest point of delivery within the town.\n2. The supply pipe must be sufficiently strong to resist the pressure of the\nrequired head, and of sufficient size to deliver, under the pressure of such head, the\nmaximum quantity of water required at any time during the day.\n-radons sources of supply In seeking for a supply under these conditions there may be\nEngineer. 0Pei \u00C2\u00B0 *\" 8aid generally to be three sources open to one :\u00E2\u0080\u0094>\n1. From springs or wells,*either ordinary or artesian.\n2. From water of streams or rivers.\n3. From the collection and storage of surface water, or rainfall.\nWe,,Pn^<*r' hard and ^ Under the 1st head may be classed the present insufficient\nsupply to the town. A large proportion of houses have their own wells. In the [7 J\ngenerality of these the water is very hard\u00E2\u0080\u0094in several the water is unfit for use, as\nmust always be the case in a city in which cesspools are the rule\u00E2\u0080\u0094and with all there\nexists the disadvantage that the water has to be raised and carried by hand in all\nweather.\nSt*\u00C2\u00A3\u00C2\u00A3%J\u00C2\u00A3Z\u00C2\u00A3Ti Ly\u00E2\u0084\u00A2g to the north-east of Victoria is a rising ground of\n,UhT\u00C2\u00A3\u00E2\u0084\u00A2.to the wanteof gravelly water bearing formation ; on this the present \"Spring\nEidge Water Company\" have established a small pumping engine, by which water\nis raised from a shaft and tunnel, and conveyed to town in wooden pipes.\nThis Company does not appear to have received the entire support and confidence of the public. Possibly on account of the high charges levied. Possibly\nfrom the deficient quantity and inferior quality ot the water supplied. Possibly\nfrom the small amount of convenience attending its use. Probably from a combination of all three.\n8iPKidgefb7uSuffllientprins j There is no doubt that a small supply of good water might\nbe obtained from this \"Spring Ridge,\" but that it would be quite inadequate to our\nwants is evident from the fact that in the summer months, when a pure supply of\nwater is most required, the spring fails and the Company are obliged to draw upon\nwhat is known as Harris' Pond ; and any person who has noticed the appearance\npresented by the remains of this muddy pool in the months of August and September,\nwill not wish me to look for an increased supply in that direction. From either\nsource the Company has to contend against the great disadvantage of puuiping\never gallon of water they deliver.\nArtesian weiis considered. With regard to artesian wells, I have seen them urged more\nthan once, by the local press, as the means by which a cheap and abundant supmy\nof water could probably best be obtained.\nOne Writer, I noticed, went so far as to urge the fact of an artesian bore in\nChicago having struck water at a depth of one thousand two hundred feet, as a\ngood reason for cur embarking in a similar undertaking here.\nThe fact is, that the success or failure of an artesian well is a question depending upon the geological formation of the district. Success depends upon the existence of a permeable, water bearing, stratum having an outcrop at some higher\nlevel, with a considerable surface exposed for tne absorption of the rainfall. This\nstratum being underlaid and overlaid by others of a clayey or impermeable nature.\nA well or bore is then sunk to tap the water bearing stratum, and, when this\nis reached, the water is forced up by the hydrostatic pressure due to the higher level\nat which the rainfall was collected.\nThese conditions can oniy be fulfilled in a district composed of regularly stratified rocks of the Secondary or Tertiary formations. Whereas, here in Victoria,\nsuch strata as exist are broken through in every direction by outcrops of volcanic\nor primary rocks.\nWith reference, also, to time and cost, artesian wells, even in districts thorougly\nknown, have frequently failed to answer expectations. [8]\nThat at Greneile was in progress for 10 years before water was struck; and that\nat Passy, estimated at one year at a cost of \u00C2\u00A312,000, was only completed in four\nyears at a cost of \u00C2\u00A340,000.\n^^^StoZSZ\"\"* I am of opinion, then, that we have no reasonable grounds\nfor expecting success in sinking an artesian well for the purpose of obtaining a\nsupply of water for this city,\nwater from Riversor Kuning xye come next to the second source, viz: tli3 water of streams\nStreams is not available _ -_, . , ... i j \u00E2\u0080\u009E\u00C2\u00BB.l ,.\u00E2\u0080\u009E ,V./> n,\n n. it\nm our neighbourhood, or rivers, aud this must be in its turn abandoned, as we cannot\nbe said to have any Rivers in our neighbourhood, aud such streams as exist, present\nlittle more than a dry bed throughout the summer months.\nLastly, we have a source of supply in the surface collection and storage of\nrainfall.\nwater from gathering From this source is derived the supply to the three towns\ngrounds or surface col- ill P \u00E2\u0080\u00A2.,, .\nlection of-rainfaii is the mentioned on page one as specially remarkable tor punt} .\npurest and best. x o \u00E2\u0096\u00A0*\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2*\nand indeed all the recent supplies in Scotland and elsewhere are derived from lakes\nor gathering grounds.\nDr. Paton's observations lead him to the conclusion that a supply of pure, sot\nwater for towns \"can only be accomplished by collecting the water from high\ngrounds formed of trap or primitive rock.\"\nEvidence in favour of water j)r T,von Plavfair said:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\"The practice is extending of taking\nfrom gathering grounds. ' J J \u00C2\u00A3\nwater from surface drainage.\"\n\"I have found surface waters decidedly softer than river waters.\"\n\"I would sooner take the surface waters if you could take them from a large\nextent of hill ground away from habitations and consisting of non-calcareous formations.\"\npian adopted in examining Tn examining into this source my plan has been to ascertain\nvarious gathering grounds- D , . ,\nthe various valleys, or natural lines of drainage debouching upon, or m tbe neign-\nbourhood of the city; and to trace these upwards with a view to finding some\nnatural basin, at a sufiicient elevation, in which the maximum quantity of water\ncould be collected and stored with the minimum amount of embanking.\nVarious lines of surface\ndrainage in our neighborhood.\nThese various valleys may be enumerated as follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n1. \"Goldstream.\"\n2. \"Colwood Stream\u00E2\u0080\u0094heading in Langford Lake.\"\n\"Millstream.\"\n\"Prospect Lake Valley\"\n^^^^^ \"Deadman's River.\"\n6. \"Colquitz River.\"\nIn Goldstream there is a large supply of water of excellent quality. The discharge, however, is away from us into the Saanich Arm, and the valley offers no\nspecial facilities for the formation of a storage reservoir.\no.\n4.\n5. k\\nHI\ndoidstream and langford jn connection with the second valley, Goldstream might be\nLake considered and . .\nrejected. made a valuable source of supply. By intercepting the water\nat a distance of two or three miles up, the stream might be diverted into Langford\nLake, and from that, as a storage reservoir, the water might be brought into town.\nThis scheme, however, would involve at the outset a heavy expense, on\naccount of some 9\u00C2\u00A3 miles of iron conduit pipe, in addition to the two or three miles\nof flume between Goldstream and the Lake. And I have not thought it necessary\nto go into details with regard to it.\n\"Millstream'' which empties into the head of Esquimalt Harbor, has its source\namong the hills in the neighborhood of the Saauich Arm.\nicutetrMm examined but a flame has been construced at its mouth, extending out\ndoes not suit our require* ,-\u00C2\u00BB.... \u00E2\u0080\u009E . i-i-j\nments. to sufficiently deep water for a water schooner to lie alongside;\nby this means a supply is obtained for the ships of H. M Navy.\nBy tracing up Millstream Valley about three miles an elevation of some 200\nfeet is obtained, but at this point the area of the watershed is somewhat limited, and\nconsiderable embanking would be required for the formation of a storage reservoir.\n\"\"aW ourkpur^ose.not *\u00C2\u00B0* The Valley of Prospect Lake commences at Highland or\nMaltby's Lake; this discharges into Prospect Lake at a height of 150 feet above\nhigh water at Victoria. The waters of both overflow northwards into the Saanich\nArm, and offer no special facilities for the ooject we have in view.\nsupply of water\" The next on our list is the Deadman's River. This valley\nheads on either side of the Green Mountain, and discharges into the north-west\nhead of the Victoria Arm.\nHere is, undoubtedly, an extensive gathering ground, which would furnish a\nvery large supply ot excellent water. I was so pleased with what I saw of this\nvalley that I devoted considerable time to its examination; aud, on tracing it\nupwards, found a convenient site for the construction of a dam a little below the\njunction of the waters of Thetis Lake aud Pikes Lake. See plan attached.\nBy this means a large storage reservoir might be fan mil, uniting the waters of\nPikes Lake and Thetis Lake, aud the length of supply pipe required would &e>\nroughly, about seven miles.\nHowever, upon making more detailed measurements I found that the dam\nwould require to be some 490 feet long, by 49 feet high, involving rather heavy\nwork. A very considerable track of land would be inundated by the reservoir, and\nthe maximum elevation of water obtained would not be more than about 159 feet\nabove Victoria high water mark.\nHeadman'. River abandoned Having at that time ascertained that more favourable condr\nin favour of Elk Lake . , . . . , , , ,\nvaiiey. tions were to be found in connection with the next ana last\nmentioned source, I determined to abandon Deadman's Valley in favour of the\nColquitz.\nThis river, which empties into the north-east head of the Victoria Arm, derives\nits water from several distinct gathering grounds.\ntU\nV S\\n[ 10]\nTarife\u00E2\u0084\u00A2din|1heIctou1utannd3 Firstly, from a line of surface drainage, heading in \"Lost\nLake,\" at a height of 85 feet above H. W. M., flowing on through \"Swan Lake\" at\na height of 50 feet, and joining the Colquitz near Rowland's.\nSecondly, from a large tract of swamp land near Fiterre's farm.\nvaiiey of Elk Lake is the Continuingto trace up the valley, the stream, after crossing\ni\u00E2\u0080\u009Eghest and most exten- Saanich road, begins to rise rapidly, until, in the couu-\n. sive gathering grounu. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 o a \u00E2\u0080\u00A2> '\ntry round Beaver Lake aud Elk Lake, we reach the highest and most extensive portion of the gathering ground.\nThis as you are are aware, is the source which I have selected for our water\nsupply.\nsurvey Party. In carrying out the preliminary examinations whichl have roughly\nsketched above, it was necessary to engage the services of a small survey party.\nThis party, with Mr. Robert Homfray, surveyor in. charge, was now placed in camp\nin the vicinity of Elk Lake, in order to complete the more detailed surveys which\nwere required.\nSiMpef ofwater in The height of the natural water level of Elk Lake, above\napproximate high water mark in Victoria, was found to be 183 feet.\nAre^k\u00C2\u00B0efs.Elk and Beaver The area of the open waters of Elk Lake and Beaver Lake\nwhich are really one, although separated by a long stretch of willow swamp, is as\nibllows:\nElk Lake 394 acres.\nBeaver Lake ; 18 ?\u00E2\u0096\u00A0\nTotal 412 \"\nThe mean depth is about 30 feet,\npresent depth of lakes docs rphe depth, however, is a point which does not affect the\nuon\"\" supply! question of supply, except so far that, the greater the depth, the\nless is the growth of aflquatic plants, and the greater the probable purity of water.\nHowever great the depth below the natural outlet or overflow, the water is not\navailable unless at considerable expense for pumping or tunnelling.\nThe depth of water which can be obtained above the natural outlet, is the question which concerns us.\n**\"\u00C2\u00A3\u00C2\u00A3\u00C2\u00A3 1\u00C2\u00A3 cpon\u00E2\u0084\u00A2ion Some distance below the open water of Beaver Lake\u00E2\u0080\u0094at the\n\u00C2\u00BBldawaite^eirdi,,g dam point shown on plan\u00E2\u0080\u0094great natural facilities are presented for\nthe construction of a masonry dam and waste weir. The overflow channel is very\nconfined and runs over bed-rock.\nstorage reservoir of 589 acres Here at a very trifling cost for embanking, the open waters\nof Elk Lake and Beaver Lake can be united and a magnificent storage reservoir\nformed with a surface area of 589 acres, and a depth of 10 feet above the natural outlet level.\n'\"iuhabuaX*f< r Assuming that only six feet, out of these ten, are available for\nsupply, this reservoir will have a capacity of over 962 millions of gallons, or one irvi\n\\nWASTE VPEJn\nfavom.\n(V\nVICTORIA\nPUBLIC LIBRA\n^m I\n\"\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 Y.\nr n i\nyear's supply, at the rate of 25 gallons per head per day to a population of over\n(100,000) one hundred thousand.\nIt may be objected to this that the water of Beaver Lake is not of so pure a\nquality as that of Elk Lake, and that it would be more desirable to take the water\ndirect from the latter.\nTFiiter cannot satisfactorily\nbe taken from Elk Lake\ndirect.\nIn answer to this I would say, that, irrespective of the additional two miles of pipe, which would be required, there are no\nsatisfactory means for affecting this, unless at great expense for pumping, cutting or\ntunneling.\nAgain, the waters of both are, practically, the same; but that of Beaver Lake,\nhaving stagnated thro'ugh a long stretch of willow swamp, has, when viewed in\nbulk, a slightly peaty tinge. This is not perceptable when tho water is placed in a\nbottle, and entirely disappears in the overflow stream a short distance below the\noutlet. Indeed the self-purifying power of water in motion is well known ; and\npeaty matter, although it might be classed as organic, possesses quite the reverse of\nputrifying properties.\nko objection to the water This objection, however, will entirely disappear under the\nrunning through ana \u00C2\u00AB/ J r r\nverLuke.surIace \u00C2\u00B0f Bea proposal which I submit to you, which, as will be seen from the\nestimates, provides for the removal of the whole of the willow swamp before the\nformation of the reservoir, as well as for the construction of head works by which\nthe water will be filtered before it is admitted iuto the conduit pipe.\nComto^{iocai\"wMerofTar\" Mr. Claudet has been good enough to undertake, at my\nrequest, a comparative analysis of the following samples of water which I forwarded to him.\nSPECIMENS OF WATER.\n1.\no\nO.\n4.\nElk Lake water, unfiltered,.....\t\nBeaver do do \t\nWell water in town, unfiltered\t\nWaterfrom Spring Ridge Company's\nservice pipe, filtered\t\nOrganic Matter I Mineral ingred-\nin grains ients in grains\nper gallon. per gallon.\nCompirative\nHardness.\nI am not yet in possession of the result, but am quite confident it will be satisfactory as regards the quality of Elk and Beaver Lake waters.\nThe men of the survey party after using these waters for some weeks, found it\nvastly superior to any water they were able to obtain afterwards, while engaged in\ncutting the line into town.\nHo\u00E2\u0084\u00A2v,ofr!lu our Btorage \"With regard to the means at our disposal for filling the reservoir ; I estimate the area of the watershed, or gathering ground, at 2,616 acres.\nThe registered annual rainfall at the Fisgard Lighthouse is nearly 24 inches.\nRainfaii at least 34 inches. According to all meteorological experience the rainfall, in\nthe hilly district around Elk Lake, should be considerable more than this; but to be [12]\non the safe side, I will estimate it at only 24 inches; of which, having regard to\n75 per cent, of rainfall is .i -ii n ,. ., . -, T \u00E2\u0096\u00A0_-\navailable for storage. the rocky character ot the gathering ground, I assume 75 per\ncent, to be available, or, in other words, that of the two feet of rainfall, one and a\nhalf feet finds its way into our storage reservoir; exepting the fall over the reservoir\nitself, of which, the whole is available for storage.\nWith regard to the amount of water annually lost by evaporation; no data have\nas yet been generally accepted from which this can be accurately ascertained. In\ntropical climates evaporation has been recorded as high as five feet in the year.\nOne authority has stated that, in temperate climates, the loss by evaporation may\nbe assumed to be counterbalanced by the deposit of dew. Mr. Hawksley states\nthat the loss by evaporation varies between 9 and 16 inches.\nA ^L^rari'nfroniTu^ To be again on the safe side, I estimate the loss in each year,\ni^kagfe.reserToir andf,r from the proposed reservoir, by evaporation and leakage, at 24\ninches, or equivalent to the rainfall over the same area. So that to allow for\nevaporation it will be sufficient to omit the reservoir from the area of the gathering\nground.\n?u'pp1yto9o&habaitLt Deducting, therefore, 589 acres from 2,616 acres, we have-a\ngathering ground of 2,027 acres, with an available rainfall of 18 inches, yielding a\nsupply in each year of over 827 millions of gallons, with a mean elevation ot\neaM.0[n\u00E2\u0084\u00A2icteria^Trwteet.' 190 feet above high water mark in Victoria\u00E2\u0080\u0094sufficient, at the\nTate of 25 gallons per bead per day, for a population of over 90,000.\nune of Pipes. Having completed the general survey work in the neighbour\nhood of the lakes, the next step was to fix upon a line along'which the water could\nbest be conveyed from the dam to its destination: and for this purpose cast iron\npiping is the material which I recommend.\nTerTbJnTuntle Une has I had at first expected it might be necessary to follow the\nvalley line of the Colquitz in bringing the pipes into town; however, after spending a good deal of time and labour, I considered myself fortunate in finding such a\nconvenient line as that which I have adopted, and shown on the plan.\n^^matnconfuix^es This gives a length of only 5 miles, 522 yards, from the Dam\nto the Bridge Tavern, at the commencement of Douglas Street, and is in every\nway more favourable than I had ventured to hope for. Indeed, I should imagine\nit might, at some future time, be selected for the construction of a road, as the\nlevels are good and the-saving in distance, as compared with the existing Saanich\nroad, is half a mile between Douglas Street and the Royal Oak.\nThe line of pipes, shown blue on plan, joins the Saanich road opposite Dr.\nTolmie's farm, so as to avoid the interference with any of the more valuable private\nlands in the vicinity of the city.\nUneA%\u00C2\u00A3 permanently The whole of this line has been permanently laid down and\ncut out through the bush, and is so much work done against the laying down of\nthe pipes.\n^yc^iLe^fo^es81 I have mentioned above that cast iron piping is the material\nwhich I recommend for conveying the water into town. I have, however, been ia\n_. . 123\nC 13]\ncommuuination with Mr. S. How3, Secretary of the \"Washington Water Pipe\nManufacturing Company,\" at Olympia, with reference to the cost and strength of\nthe wooden pipes which they offer to supply.\nThe following is an extract from a letter I have received from Mr. Howe, dated\nOctober 16th, 1872:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n\"We manufacture 6, 4 and 2 inch pipe, and have not jet manufactured any of larger bore than these\ndimensions. We have an eight inch auger, but have not used it thns far. We are laying pipe of the\nbores mentioned, some with the bark on not requiring much pressure, say not exceeding, for six inch,\nmore than thirty feet pressure, and for the other sizes not exceeding sixty feet. We can furnish at this\nplace six inch, with the bark on, at twetny-seven cents per running foot; four inch, eighteen cents, and\ntwo inch at twelve and one-half cents, by the quantity. The coupling is turned on the pipe and costs no\na iditional expense. The banded pipe we make from two to six inches; it costs considerably more. We\nband it to suit the pressure required, and coat the pipe with asphaltum and coal tar, so as-to cover the\nouter surface and protect the bands from rust, and preserve the wood from decay. We can furnish the\nsix it.ch to stand one hundred and fifty feet pressure, or less, for seventy-five cents per foot; four inch\nfor fifty cents, and two inch for twenty five cents per running foot. The durability of this pipe we only\nknow from tests elsewhere. It has been laid down in the States for fifteen years past, and given good\nsatisfaction. We are prepared with the necessary machinery to make it, and we feel satisfied can give\ngood satisfaction \"\nKo ^\u00C2\u00B0fB%J^?n pipes' No quotation is given of the cost of 9 inch pipes, but judging by the prices for pipe of smaller diameters, I do not suppose that they could be\nsupplied of sufficient strength\" to resist the required head for less than $1 25 per\nfoot, at which pricet there would be no saving on the cost of cast iron,\nconduit wpe to be 9.inches, in j have, therefore, estimated for a Conduit Main, of cast iron\ndiameter, and will deliver \u00C2\u00BB n-i . it \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 i rr -\u00E2\u0080\u00A2/\u00C2\u00BB i /\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\na supply to 10,000 persons, socket pipes, 9 inches internal diameter, with 7-lbths of an\ninch thickness of metal.\nAssuming the pressure of water in town to be only 100 feet above the average\nlevel of discharge, and the central point of supply to be 6 miles from the Reservoir,\nthis pipe will give a theoretical delivery of 22,393 gallons * per hour, equivalent\nto a supply for 10,000 Inhabitants, per day of 12 hours.\n* Hawksley's formula for the discharge of water pipeiunder pressure is as follows:\u00E2\u0080\u0094\n/ h J\n= y \u00E2\u0080\u0094 (i5d)\nwhere q = quantity discharged in gallons per hoar = ?\nI \u00E2\u0080\u0094 length of pipe in yards ...= 10560.\nA = head of water in feet = 100.\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 i \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 r ,1 * ^ ^ \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 -i /\u00C2\u00BB\nper cent. iaking this as a basis for the income to be derived from our\nown water, and allowing 25 per cent of gross receipts for superintendence, maintenance, and minor extensions, we have a nett profit of \u00C2\u00A712,000, or a return upon\nthe estimated cost of works of 12 per cent, per annum.\n\"Tympany.\"'' Next to examine the charges of the \"Spring Ridge WateF\nCo.,\" to which Victoria at present owes its supply. And here I would express my\nthanks to the Directors and Secretary for the very courteous manner in which they\nhave furnished me with information regarding the working of the Company.\nMn>Uy. If we take the Company's charge upon quantity, viz, 75 cents per 100\ngallons, and calculate the income to be derived from the quantity which I have\nproposed to supply, the returns would appear so favorable that perhaps I had better\nnot put them in figures.\nSecondly. Taking the present Company's charges as at so much per house:\u00E2\u0080\u0094It\nappears that 60 establishments are supplied by service pipes from which a monthly\nrevenue is derived of about $400, and that some 300 houses are supplied by cart\nservice, at an average charge throughout the year of about \u00C2\u00A72 per mouth. So that\nthe average monthly charge per house supplied is $2 75 or \u00C2\u00A733 00 per annum.\n^\"pTr 2S? Iat rate of u Taking this rate of charge and assuming that we have 600\nhouses requiring a supply, and allowing as before 25 per cent, for maintenance,\netc., there would be a return upon the estimated cost of nearly 15 per cent.\nLastly. Basing our calculations upon the actual income derived by the existing\nCompany at the present time\u00E2\u0080\u0094and I need not dwell upon the fact of the inferior\nnature of the supply, nor upon the fact of the system being the most expeusive\nthat could be devised; the water having to be handled at least 5 times before it\nenters into consumption\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nor at the very lowest 9 per cent. The amount paid to the present Company for water supplied\nwill be seen from the figures given above to be $12,000 00 per annum. Allowing,\nas before, 25 per cent, per maintenance, etc., which is ample under the \"gravitating \" system, we should have at the lowest and most unfavourable estimate a return\nof 9 per cent, per annum.\nDrainage must not be neglected. While, however, urging upon Government the construction of works for an improved water supply, I should not be doiug my duty if I\nomitted to point out that it will be of great importance at the same time to undertake works for the drainage of the city. If this is neglected,\u00E2\u0080\u0094if a plentiful supply\nof water is introduced, and no attention given to provide means for disposing of it\nafter use,\u00E2\u0080\u0094the result, according to all experience, will be an increased death rate.\nThe valley extending from the head of James Bay, toward Ross Bay appears to offer\na good line for an Outfall Sewer; but surveys would be required before a definite\nopinion could be given. It is certain, however, that if Victoria is expected to become a\n>f /\nt 18]\npopulous city, the outfall should not be into the harbour. Even already, I believe,\nthe deposit caused by the washings of the streets, etc., has sensibly lessened\nthe depth of water along the principal wharf frontage.\nI trast that I have put the water question before you in a satisfactory light, and\nI re\u00C2\u00B0ret that the repairs to the Alexandra Bridge, which necessitated my absence\nfor a month from Victoria, should have prevented my submitting this report quite\nso early or in so complete a form as I could have wished.\nAre the requirements fuifiied Glancing back to the \"requirements\" which I proposed, I\npr^Jt?~ think you will find they are fuifiied in the project which I\nrecommend.\nAs reo-ards \" quality,\" I am satisfied of the excellence of the proposed supply,\nThe analysis alone is wanting to place it beyond doubt.\nAs regards \" quantity,\" the supply at first is for 10,000 and capable of\nextension, by simply the addition of extra pipies, to meet the wants of 90,000\ninhabitants.\nThe supply is oti the most economical system of \"gravitation,\" and is derived'\nfrom a reservoir with a head of 192 feet above high water mark in Victoria*\nThe cost of the Works is within the moderatesum of \u00C2\u00A7100,000, upon which the\nincome, calculated at the lowest figure, would yield a nett return of 9 percent.;\na return which would increase very rapidly in proportion- to the growth of\nthe city.\nI think Victoria may be congratulated upon having such an abundant supply of\nWater, so easily obtainable, and I hope I may see the day when it is all required*\nI have the honor to be, Sir,\nYour obedient servant*\nTHOS. A. BULKLEY,\nChief Engineer to Government^ British Columbia.\nOctober 2Sth, 1872,\ni t 19 1\nAPPENDIX A.\nVICTORIA WATER WORKS.\nESTIMATE of Total Cost of Woeks for Supply from Elk Lake Storage Reservo]\nNo.\nDbsgkiptio:\nW<\nQoas-\nI TITY.\nPer. -Akoi\nHEAD WORKS.\nImpounding Dam5 of best Unconrsed Rubble Masonry, set in approved Hydraulic Mortar and Faced -with picked stones- All\nexternal joints carefully pointed with Portland Cement.\nHeaders or bond stones not less than 2J feet in length inserted\nthrough the work at distances of not more than 3 feet vertical,\nand 6 feet horizontal: including preparing foundation and\nblasting bed-rock where directed, to obtain a clean surface for\nMasonry.. .-..Cubic Yards\nPaYing and Coping to surface of Dam, of cut stone from Newcastle\n| Island', or other approved Quarry, including setting in Port-\nI land Cement.... ;> ;...,\u00C2\u00BB........Cubic Feet\nWaste Weir.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Unconrsed Rubble Masonry, same as for Dam\nCubic Yards\nCut stone in Coping and Lip for Waste Weir, same as in Coping\nfor Dam \u00C2\u00BB \u00C2\u00AB Cubic Feet\nClearing overflow Channel from Waste Weir to old bed of Stream.\nsay,\nFiltering Tower.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Coursed Rubble Masonary set in Portland\n' Cement, mixed in the proportion of one Of Sand to one of\nCement =Cubic Yards\nCast Iron lining td Tower, including fixing.. -..Terns\nCement Concrete for Tower > ..Cubic Yards\nFiltering Materials, washed and placed Cubic Yards\nRoof and Gangway to ditto ; ....:\u00C2\u00BB.. say\nLaying Main Pipe in triplicate through Dam, including fixing,\n. 24 feet 9 inch pipe; 24 feet 12 inch pipe; and 24 feet 15 inch\npipe, to be cast in Victoria\u00E2\u0084\u00A2 Tons\nScrew Valves for ditto, four in number, with Gun Metal faces,\nscrews, and nuts, 2 of 9 inches; 1 of 12 inches; 1 of 15 inches\n550\n425\n100\n212\n26\nn\ni\n12\n31\nS 5 00 d yd\n\u00C2\u00A7\" 2,750\n2 00\n5 00\n2 00\nc. root. I\nc. yd. I\nc. foot\n12 00 c. yd.\n10 00\n2 50\nc. yd.\nc. yd.\nInspectors Cottage, Tool Honse, and Tools..\t\nDiversion of East Saanich Road Miles\nClearing Land of Willow Swamp, burning wood, &c Acres\nDry Land to be submerged by Reservoir; compensation and cost\nof partial clearing Acres\nCost or Head Works........,$14,12*\nMAIN CONDUIT PIPE.\nFive miles*} 522 yards of-Cast Iron Socket Pipes; 9 inches internal\ndiameter; 7-16ths of an inch thickness of metal >\n9,322 yards, at 134 lbs. per yard, = Tons, 53TJ.\nEstimated Cost of One Ton t\u00E2\u0080\u0094\nPrime Cost F. O. B. in England, per Ton $4\nExtra for Preservative Coating \u00E2\u0080\u009E \t\nFreight to Victoria, per Ton \u00E2\u0080\u0094\nInsurance \u00E2\u0080\u009E ..4\t\nImport Duty ,, i...*.; ;...\t\nWharfage ,, ..->\t\n86\n91\n17 0\n1 5\n15 0\n1 5\nTotal Cost per Ton delivered $72 75\n600 00 mile.\n30 00 acre.\n40 Q0 acre.\n100\n31*'\n350\"\n10\n30\n80\ntoo\n500\n1,000\n300\n2,580\n3,640\nTons'\nCost of laying Main, including carting pipes, opening trench, not\nless than 2A- feet deep, lead, labor, ic, and refilling trench. I\nLineal Yards 9322\ni 2 75 ton.\n50 c. yd.\nCarried forward.\n40,153\n4,661\n59,340 [20]\nAPPENDIX A.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Continued.\n!\nNo.\nDescription ok Wok.\nQuantity.\nRate.\nBrought forward\nMAIN CONDUIT PIPE.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Continued.\nSpecial crossings on line of Pipe; 2 at $100, and 4 at $50 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u009E*\u00E2\u0080\u0094-I\nRight of way for Pipe through private property 12 feet in width!\non length of 6,543 yards Acres\nCost of Mais Conduit Pipe $45,839\nTOWN DISTRIBUTION.\nTen miles (nearly) of cast iron socket pipes, of various sizes and\nweights, as follows:\nSize of Thickness Length of\nPipe.\n9 inches.\n8 \"\n7\n6\n4\n3\nn\ncc\ncc\nit\ncc\nM\nof Metal.\n7-16ths in.\n7-16ths \"\n7-l6ths \"\nfths \"\nfths \"\n5-lGths \"\nJth \"\n1th \"\nPipe.\n600 yards.\n150 \"\n217 \"\n200 \"\n1,833 \"\n2,213 \"\n6,893 \"\n5,437 \"\nWeight per\nYard.\n134 lbs.\n121 \"\n106 \"\n78 \u00C2\u00AB\n53 \"\n35 \"\n21| \"\n174\"\nTotal\nWeight.\n80,400 lbs\n18,150 \"\n23,002 \"\n15,600 \"\n97,149 \"\n77,455 \"\n148,199 \"\n95,147 \"\nTotal length, yards 17,543 yards. Total Weight 555,102 lbs.\nTotal weight, 555,102 lbs., or say Tons\nPes. Amount.\n$40 00 acre.\n247J\nCost of laying Pipes throughout the Town, including carting pipe,\nopening and refilling trench, labour, lead, etc.; top of pipei\nto be not less than eighteen inches below the surface ofi\nground ..\u00C2\u00ABne..n.....^............M.................Yards|l7543\nPipe bends and joints at branches Number! 50\nCost of Town distribution.........$23,181\nContingencies and Superintendence, at 20 per cent.......\t\nGrand Total............... ..............~\n80 00\n15\nton.\nyard.\n15 00 each.\n$99,766 00\nSay $100,000.\n59,345\n$400\n220\n19,800\n2,631\n750\n16,620\n99,766\nABSTRACT.\nHead Works............. ........................................ $14,126 00\nMain Conduit Pipe, etc 45,839 00\nTown Distribution, etc -- \u00E2\u0096\u00A0 r - - 23,181 00\nContingencies and Superintendence.... ..\u00C2\u00AB.. 16,620 00\nTHOS. A. BULKLEY,\nChief Engineer to Government,\nBritish Columbia. w\n[21 ]\nAPPENDIX B.\nYICTOKIA WATEB SUPPLY.\nTable stowing the height of various points in Victoria above approximate High Water\nMark under James Bay Bridge.\nNAME OF STREET.\nGoyebnmbnt Street, opposite Humboldt Street.\ncc\ncc\n(C\nCourtenay\nif\ncc\n(C\nCI\nBroughton\ncc\ncc\ncc\ncc\nFort\ncc\ncc\ncc\ncc\nBastion\ncc\ncc\n\nThe late Female Infirmary\t\nChurch Hill\t\nUpper Balcony of Driard's Hotel\t\nPlinth of Government House\t\nElevation above\nHigh Water Mark\nJames* Bay\n37\n41\n46\n51\n50\n44\n44\n44\n39\n29\n18\n15\n52\n55\n67\n68\n60\n65\n93\n126\n57\n60\n71\n63\n65\n69\n49\n55\n62\n73\n83\n89\n134\n80\n115\n | 159\nT. A. B\n26 Feet.\n<(\ncc\ncc\ncc\ncc\ncc\ncc\ncc\ncc\ncc\ncc\ncc\ncc\na\ncc\ncc\ncc\n 60C\nI 65(\n1 45C\n> 180C\n> 4,460\n1,220\n250\n1,220\n200\n1,220\n320\n200\nBranches on West side Douglas Street\n1,22C\n1,220\ndo. Branch in Store street\n250\ndo Branch in Store street\n200\n.........\n| \u00E2\u0096\u00A0\n1,220\ndo Branch in Government st.\n320\n200\n500\n250\ndo do. Store street\t\n500\n1,180\n250\n1-180\ndo. do. Government St.\n300\n300\n300\n1,300\n30O\n1 300\n530\n550\n530'\ndo do. Langley street..\n550\ndo do. Wharf street...\n850\n850\n320\n450\n320\n450\n630\n630\n450\n550\n550\n580\n450\n\t\n550\n550\n580\nBranch on East tide Douglas Street.\n760\n640\n760\n460\n1,100\n300\n700\n300\n1,850\n1,280\n1,320\n1,350\n1,950\n1,280\n1,300\n1,300\n1,300\n1,300\n1,050\n1,450\n2,620\n8,650\n2,000\n3,300\n650\n1,950\n1,250\n2,050\n4,350\n1,450\n1,300\n1,300\n1,100\n1,300\n1,300 j\n750\n1,800\n1,850\n1,800\n1,200\n3,600\n1,200\n1,450 .\n1,450\n800\n1,100\n800\nl,10O\n16,310\n20,680\n6,640\n5,500\n600\n\u00C2\u00A350\n450\n1800\n52,603\nT. A. B.\nVICTORIA\nPUBLIC LIBRARY M\nVICTORIA\nPUBLIC LIBRAR\niii?l\"ji i,ai\u00C2\u00BBBf'-\nSH I\n*\nr\n[ . A. L. Bamchoft & Co. Lith. S.F. VICTORIA WATER SUPPLY\nComparative Sections of Dams.\nHorizontal Seal,.- lOOFeet to one Inch.\nVertical Scale- 10 Feet to oneI/u/v.\n9/L.. a. /5L^^r "@en . "Other Copies: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/411694832"@en . "Pamphlets"@en . "I-0389"@en . "10.14288/1.0222103"@en . "English"@en . "Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library"@en . "Victoria : Victoria Daily Standard"@en . "Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy, or otherwise distribute these images please contact digital.initiatives@ubc.ca."@en . "Original Format: Greater Victoria Public Library. 628.1 BUL"@en . "Water-supply--British Columbia--Victoria"@en . "Victoria water supply. Report by Thos. A. Bulkley chief engineer to government. Addressed to the Hon. the Chief Commissioner of Lands & Works, British Columbia. Dated, October 28th, 1872"@en . "Text"@en . ""@en .