"0ffb5deb-5a6b-47d8-9a49-f0e180a1e8a0"@en . "CONTENTdm"@en . "http://resolve.library.ubc.ca/cgi-bin/catsearch?bid=2750354"@en . "British Columbia Historical Books Collection"@en . "The resources of British Columbia"@en . "2015-07-03"@en . "1883"@en . "\"Contemporary accounts of manufacturing, wages, fisheries, shipping (with steamer schedules), sheep raising, mining, etc.\" -- Lowther, B. J., & Laing, M. (1968). A bibliography of British Columbia: Laying the foundations, 1849-1899. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, p. 72."@en . ""@en . "https://open.library.ubc.ca/collections/bcbooks/items/1.0221876/source.json"@en . "16 pages : illustrations, advertisements ; 30 cm"@en . "application/pdf"@en . " \n\"WESTWARD THE STAR OF EMPIRE TAKES ITS WAY.\nm\nVolume I,\nNo. 2.\nRESOURCES\n\nA Monthly Journal devoted exclusively to the Moral and Material\nInterests of British Columbia and the Dissemination of\ncorrect Information regarding its great\nand varied Resources. i\nFor the Emigrant, Touiatand tha fitstdant.\nPublished at Victoria by A. A. McARTHUR, Editor and Proprietor,\nTerms: One Copy one year, $2. Single Copies, 25 Cts. COLONIST PRINT THE UNIVERSITY OF\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nLIBRARY\numbia having established an Immigration and Employment Bureau at Victoria, all persons de^\nion abont the country are hereby notified to apply, either personally or by letter, to the Agent,\nsriptive of the country and its resources will be supplied on application, free of charge,\nsd and unskilled) in the province are hereby invited to place themselves in communica-\ns, James Bay, Victoria, British Columbia,\nlmunications to be addressed to\nJOHN\n-nOT*\nIsWioi, Employment li Boms\nJESSOP,\nImmigration Agent.\nFacts About British Columbia.\nring upon an era of great prosperity. Fully $3,000,000 are expended upon\nands of men are employed on the construction of the Canadian Pacific Rail-\nbern coast of Vancouver Island is almost certain to be under construction soon.\ny made at Esquimalt. The provincial industries are flourishing. Trade is\nare annually increasing.\nLabor is Much Wanted.\nine railway wutks ami'many of the provincial industries are hampered by want of labor. Every\nman and woman able and willing to work can find employment. Wages are high. Board and clothing are\nreasonable. Domestic servants are wanted. The supply of professional men, clerks and shopmen is perhaps\nsufficient.\nClimate, Crops and Fruit.\nThe climate is the best in America\u00E2\u0080\u0094serene and invigorating\u00E2\u0080\u0094its varieties ranging from the climate\nof the South of England to that of a large portion of France. The Marquis of Lome, Governor-General of\nCanada, says respecting it: \" No words can be too strong to express the charm of this delightful land.\"\nSoils are fertile. Crops do not fail. No drought. The wheat, barley, oats and hops of British Columbia beat those of California. The root crops of B. C. cannot be surpassed in any country. Fruit can be\nraised to any extent and of almost every kind.\nMining.\nGold mining keeps its place and is capable of great extension. Fields of coal and mountains of iron\nlie side by side, and rich silver ledges abound. Other valuable minerals exist in great variety.\nFisheries.\nThe fisheries are boundless, and, although comparatively untouched, already yield about $2,000,000\na year for export alone. Food fish can be had almost anywhere for the taking.\nTimber.\nBritish Columbia has the most extensive and valuable forests in North America, and although this\nindustry is yet in its infancy, the annual product of manufatured lumber is about 30,000,000 feet.\nSchools and Churches.\nA free public school is placed within the reach of every child in the province, and high schools and\ncolleges are to be found in the centers of population. No state church, no tithes, but a fair supply of\nchurches throughout the country, including the Anglican, Roman Catholic, Presbyterian and Methodist.\nPolitical and Municipal Systems.\nThe political system is as free as man can desire\u00E2\u0080\u0094full self government, and citizenship easy of attainment by aliens. Any settlement of not less than thirty householders may form themselves into a municipality and manage their own local affairs.\nAdministration of Justice.\nLaw and order prevail in a high degree, and justice is firmly and fairly administered. Petit jurors\nare paid from $1.50 to $2 a day for every day they attend, and witnesses are well paid.\nMail Communication.\nThree or four mails a week reach the province from abroad, and the interior mail service is for the\nmost, part liberal.\nThe Land System.\nBritish Columbia possesses one of the most liberal land systems in the world. Crown lands can be\npre-empted or purchased at one dollar (four English shillings) an acre, on easy terms of payment, and the\nsettler can have his homestead to the value of $2,500, and personal property to the value of $500, registered\nand thereby effectually secured against all creditors.\nAll are Welcome.\nEmigrants from every civilized country are cordially welcomed to this \"glorious province\" {vide Lord\nDufferin's speech). Aliens can purchase Crown lands and hold and convey real estate with every freedom.\nAliens can be naturalized after one year's residence, and thereafter enjoy all the-rights of citizenship. Taxation is light-and the utmost freedom compatible with law and order is enjoyed. by A. Anderson a Co. For the Resouroos op Br-Itish Columbia\nPORTLAND, Off-\nA.Fr\u00C2\u00BBansen DeL. ^p\n~h\u00E2\u0080\u0094a^> i- ig: E ^\nResources ft/British Columbia\n\"WESTWARD THE STAR OF EMPIRE TAKES ITS WAY.\"\nVOLUME I. )\nNo. 2. f\nVICTORIA, B. C, APKIL 2, 1883.\nI PER ANNUM, $2.00\n( Per Copt, 25 Ore.\nTHE DAIRY AND STOCK FARM.\nPermanent and Profitable Industries.\nA great portion of British Columbia is particularly adapted to dairying and stock-farming. In the\nolder provinces of the Dominion and in the neighboring States, a very lively competition is carried on\namong breeders of cattle with regard to economic\nvalues; the effects of different feeding stuffs are thoroughly tested and the cost of producing a pound of\nbeef, mutton, cheese or butter is figured as closely as\nmanufacturers of other articles are in the habit of\ncomputing the actual cost of the production of their\nwares. With them such careful calculations is a\nmatter of vital necessity, because their pasturage is\nvery limited and the demand for such products so\ngreat that the fields must be carefully cultivated, and\nthat to their full productive capacity, in order to\nfurnish food supplies for the herds. In this province,\non the contrary, the natural pasture area is large,\nalmost unbounded, requiring of course no cultivation; the grasses are rich and succulent, the climate\nwell adapted to the operations of the dairy and the\nraising of healthy stock, and the demand for these\nproducts at higher prices than elsewhere, is one that\ncan as certainly be relied upon as that for bread.\nThe demand for one sort of produce is as permanent\nas for the other. There can be scarce a doubt that\nour verdant hills and fertile valleys are peculiarly\nadapted to what is known as mixed farming, a system\nbest calculated to offset possible losses in one direction with certain gains in another, and, at the same\ntime lending to industry that diversity which brings\nboth wealth and independence. No other employment coiild here be so advantageously combined\nwith the cultivation of the soil as dairying and stock\nraising. The work of the dairy interferes but little\nwith that of the farm; while its returns may diminish,\nbut never cease with all the changes of the seasons.\nStock raising becomes an incidental part of the\nbusiness, and contributes materially to swell its\nprofits. And finally, the return is bounteous, comprising the value of the dairy products proper, the\nconstant increase of stock and the addition to the\nsoil of a natural fertilizer. It is a matter of regret\nthat the business of dairying is, as yet, carried on in\nthis province on a scale so limited as to be entirely\ninadequate to supply the home markets. Large\nquantities of these products are imported every year.\nThe unhappy resident of the city is still compelled\nto content himself with watered milk and to swallow\nthrough several months of the year with what grace\nhe can, an imported commodity, sold for a round\nprice under the name of butter, but which may not\nbe butter after all. No addition to the industries of\nthis country will be hailed with more satisfaction as\ncontributing to the general prosperity than the extension of the dairy business and mixed farming.\nGRATEFUL ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.\nThrough no spirit of egotism do we now refer to\nthe cordial manner in which the first number of the\nBesources was received by the press and the public\ngenerally. On the contrary, we feel that the substantial patronage and hearty endorsement, so signally accorded to it, were largely due to the long felt\nneed of some such publication rather than to the excellence of the manner in which we have measurably\nsupplied that want. To say nothing of the gratitude\nwhich such encouragement'naturally enkindles, we\nwould, in this respect, be grossly wanting in the\nobservance of one of the simplest requirements of\nordinary etiquette, did we fail to make due acknowledgment of these valued favors, however unmerited\non our part. Therefore, we hereby beg to tender to\none and all the assurance of our high appreciation\nof, and sincere thanks for their liberal patronage and\nmoral support, and, in an especial manner to the\npress of this province, which, with one trifling exception, has spoken only words of encouraging commendation in our behalf. In this connection we\nwill sav, once for all, that the Besources is to respectable and its space too valuable to give more than a\npassing notice to the cur-like and unprovoked attacks\nof. the snarling and churlish starveling referred to.\nHaving adopted for the conduct of our magazine, no\nmediocre Standard and having started on our onward course from a correct Post, with our interests\nconstantly guarded by a faithful and acute Sentinel,\nbesides having the cordial endorsement of a Free\nPress, together with the potent assistance and good\nwill of every enterprising and intelligent Colonist\nand every worthy and true Columbian, we cannot be\nexpected to evince any other than a disdainful regard\nfor the puerile wrath of an imbecile, self-constituted\nand jaundiced old a'uardian.\nJ^\" Subscribe for the Resource's of British\nColumbia, to which new and interesting features are\nnow being added.\n. THE RESOURCES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nWLmwtm of Intuit MnmYw\nPUBLISHED AT VICTORIA, B. C, ON THE FIRST OF EVERY MONTH.\nJ\u00C2\u00B1. A.. MoARTHXTB,\nEditor and Proprietor\nTERMS TO SUBSCRIBERS.\nOne Copy, one year, -------\nI One Copy, six months, ------\nAll subscriptions payable invariably in advance. Postage free to all\nparts of the world.\n$2.00\n1.00\njjgTAll matter intended for publication should be sent in not later than the\n25th of the month. Correspondence solicited.\nNO QUESTIONABLE ADVERTISEMENTS INSERTED IN THIS JOURNAL\t\nTHE FUTURE OF BRITISH\nCOLUMBIA.\nIn ancient lore are found but few names either of\nwitch or seer who did not predict evil and woe as sure\nto betide the future. Sad and gloomy were their forebodings, and even the little good fortune awaiting the\nfew was, according to their morbid fancies, to be attained only through some direful calamity to befall the\nmany. Nor have our modern soothsayers and prophets,\nthe great Wiggins included, improved on the old style\nin their blood-curdling horoscopes of alleged coming\nevents, unless, indeed, we except such amendment as\nwas made by the old woman to the soap when she put\nmore lie (lye) in it.\nAs our self-imposed task would be a very unpleasant one, were the prospect marred by any such sombre\nand rueful aspects, we are glad to be able to adopt a\nmethod affording more probable and agreeable conclusions than .those presented by the so-called prophets\nreferred to.\nIn attempting to briefly forecast the great future\nof British Columbia, and first disclaiming on our own\npart any knowledge of so-called occult science or any\npowers of divination not enjoyed by ordinary mortals,\nwe will not, therefore, look to the starry heavens or\ninvoke the aid of familiar spirits, preferring, like the\nphilosophic poet to\n\" \u00E2\u0080\u0094 Watch the wheels of Nature's mazy plan\n\"And learn the future by the past of man,\"\nAnd sharing his belief that the story of the veiled\nfuture, aptly termed a sealed book, can only be read,\nand that but very partially and imperfectly, by \" the\nlight of other days.\" Yes, the venerable past, the\ngrave of every joy, the lethe of every woe, and Upon\nwhich every star and every sun have set forever, contains nevertheless the most precious gems of wisdom\nand teaches the grandest lessons of life. If for the\nsustenance of man's physical frame the dead of animal and vegetable are of the first necessity, certainly\nnot less requisite for his mental food, are the chronicles of the ages, garnered from the great potter's-\nfield of entombed time.\nThe careful student of history will not fail to observe that the progress of empire and the march of\nmind have been invariably in exact ratio with the coexisting physical conditions of the races. In other\nwords the possession of a sound body is, as a rule\nnecessary to the attainment and exercise of great\nmental ability. Caesarian Borne with her citizen stalwarts and army of athletes was as grand in the senate\nand the forum as she was invincible in the field. But,\nunfortunately, the surpassing grandeur of Borne was\nachieved through the greater spoliation or destruction\nof surrounding nations. She laid waste more homes\nthan she ever established, and levelled more walls\nthan she ever built, bringing poverty and ruin to the\nmany and wealth and prosperity only to the few.\nUnder such circumstances the. decline of the Boman\nempire was inevitable. Not a system of high-handed\nrapine, but the building up and fostering of wealth-\ncreating industries, can alone insure national perpetuity. Her great wealth, wrung by the robber hand of\nconquest from her weaker neighbors did not fail to\ninduce idleness and luxurious dissipation, conditions\nsure to be followed by such- physical and mental degeneracy as marked the decline and final overthrow\nof that once mighty empire. Nor were the conquests\nof Tamerlane, who built a pyramid of 90,000\nhuman heads on the ruins of Bagdad and boasted that\ngrass never again grew where his horse once trod, of\na more enduring character. On the contrary his career was like that of a rocket, its brilliancy being the\nsignal of its own destruction. Even the noble animal, burdened by this rude barbarian, would have\nadvanced but slowly and sorrowfully indeed if aware\nthat the measure of his fleetness marked the destruction forever of each field of verdure through\nwhich he passed.\nAfter the scepter of power passed from Rome,\nthe chief seat of the world's empire seemed to partake of a rather migratory character, and, according\nto the fortunes of war, was moved about from place\nto place as if it were only some titular dignitary of the\nchess-board. National wealth and agrandisement\nwere sought and obtained only by the subjugation\nand spoliation of weaker communities, and were\nagain lost as they were won by the varying fortunes\nof the field. Nor was it until the last of these heroes,\n\"conquest mad,\" met his fate on famed Waterloo\nthat the scepter of Roman greatness found what may,\nwe think, be fairly regarded as a permanent abode,\nwhen the Anglo-Saxons, happily blended races of\ngrand physique, became, as it were, the residuary\nlegatees of Rome\u00E2\u0080\u0094her laws, literature and martial\nsplendor. While it is true that Great Britain has\nalways pursued a policy of territorial expansion and\nhas not unfrequently added to the extent of her dominions by force of arms, yet in doing so, she has\nrarely failed to bring to each of her acquired possessions the blessings of better laws and wiser government, and to elevate its people to a much higher state\nof civilization by the introduction of capital and improved machinery and methods; adding to their numbers by immigration, teaching them the more advanced arts of peace and thereby causing their long-\nneglected wastes to blossom as the rose. Through\nthis beneficent treatment of her differentdependencies\nJ THE RESOURCES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nhas the British empire expanded, so that to-day the\nonly map adequate to a representation of her vast\nand varied possessions is necessarily a map of the\nwhole world. Reader, let us glance at it and note\nthe extent of this mightiest of empires: Besides the\noriginal United Kingdom, consisting of England,\nWales, Scotland and Ireland, we have the empire of\nIndia and Ceylon; then come the self-governing col-\nonies and West Indies, embracing the Dominion of\nCanada, Newfoundland, New South Wales, Victoria,\nSouth Australia, West Australia, Tasmania, New\nZealand, Queensland, Cape of Good Hope, Natal,\nMauritius, Bahamas, Turk's Island, Jamaica, St.\nLucia, St. Vincent, Barbadoes, Grenada^ Tobago,\nVirgin Islands, St. Christopher, Nevis, Antigua,\nMontserrat, Dominica, Trinidad, British Guiana, and\nHonduras. To these must be added the British military stations and trading settlements, namely, Gibraltar, Malta, Bermuda, St. Helena, Logos, Gold\nCoast, Sierra Leone, Gambia, Falkland Island, La-\nbuan, Hongkong, Fiji and the Straits Settlements,\nthe whole forming a total area of more than 8,000,000\nof square miles and containing a population of nearly\n300,000,000 souls. More than half a century ago,\nand her career has since been one of uninterrupted\nprogress, Daniel Webster, the Cicero of America, in\none of his inimitable speeches, referred to the supremacy and territorial greatness of the British empire as then being a power that had dotted the surface of the whole globe with her military possessions\nand outposts, whose morning drum-beat, following\nthe sun and keeping company with the hours, had\nencircled the earth with one continuous and unbroken\nstrain of the martial airs of England. Although the\nmilitary power of Great Britain was and still is an\nimportant factor in the preservation and extension of\nher dominions, yet to her manufacturing industries\nand commercial activities and the consequent upbuilding of the physical and mental condition of the\npeople are mainly due the facts that to-day her grand\nold flag floats triumphantly in the vanguard of the\ngreat nations of the earth and bids fair to hold that\nproud position for an indefinite period.\nIn every department of commerce and industry,\nagriculture alone excepted, the United Kingdom is\nfar in advance of any other country on the globe.\nThe volume of business is, in fact, so prodigious as\nto be beyond comparison with that of any other\ncountry; and it is still growing at a rate which shows\nthat the business which a commercial and industrial\npeople, though limited as to their home resources,\ncan do, has in fact no limit. Capital and commercial\nenterprise, as employed in the United Kingdom, command the resources of the world. With the world's\ncarrying trade in her hands Great Britain makes the\ncommerce of every other country pay tribute to her;\nand to such extent has this been carried that she is\nvirtually beyond the reach of all competition.\nLast year the value of her imports was $2,060,-\n008,400, a sum largely in excess of the present debt\nof the United States, and more by several hundred\nmillions than the amount of their imports and exports\ntaken together. Of home products Great Britain\nexported a value of more than twelve hundred millions, and of her imports several hundred millions\nwere re-exported. More and more every year the\nBritish islands are becoming a center for the distribution of the world's products. This is the natural\nand inevitable result of the overwhelming ascendency\nof her shipping on the ocean.\nOf exports from Great Britain cotton manufactures stand at the head, the total for last year footing\nup $389,058,000. Next in importance came articles\nmade wholly or in part of iron and steel, the total\nvalue of this class of export sbeing $222,914,000, an\nincrease of upwards of $25,000,000 over the corresponding exports of 1881. Woolen and worsted yarn\nand piece goods were shipped abroad in large quantities, their aggregate value being $110,939,000, or\n$4,000,000 more than the shipments of the same articles in the previous year. The exports of linen\nmanufactures were valued at $29,837,000. One of the\ngreatest industries \u00C2\u00A9f the country is shipbuilding.\nLast year 782 vessels were built, valued at nearly one\nhundred million dollars.\nIt will thus be seen that the British empire is emphatically the empire of trade which rules the world,\nand since her wealth is fed by streams from every\nother country on the globe there would seem to be no\nlimit to the possibility of its increasing magnitude\nand perpetuity; or, if there be such limit it will be\nfound only in the development of such country, possibly one of her present possessions, as may bear the\nclosest analogy to herself with regard to race, resources, and advantageous commercial and maritime\nposition. This brings us to the more direct consideration of our subject, the future of British Columbia. Assuming from the premises stated that Great\nBritain will, at least for a very long period, control\nthe lion's share of the commerce of the world, and as\nrapid transit over the shortest practical routes forms\nthe greatest desideratum of modern traffic and the\nPacific province being the connecting link on the\nshortest route for the commerce of two hemispheres,\nit requires not the gift of prophecy to predict for\nBritish Columbia a future at once brilliant and inevitable, because it is the necessary sequence of a cause,\nthe corollary of a demonstrated theorem. It is universally conceded that like causes produce similar results, and if it be also true that history repeats itself,\nthen this province will certainly become in point of\npopulation, wealth and commercial importance what\nit is now geographically\u00E2\u0080\u0094a second Britain. Not only\ndo the physical features of the northwest coast of\nEurope and America bear a striking resemblance to\neach other, but the maritime position, climate and\nresources of the one are closely simulated by those\nof the other, with the single exception of their respective areas, that of British Columbia being much\ngreater than its European counterpart. Bearing the THE RESOURCES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nsame relative position to North America as the United\nKingdom does to Europe, peopled by the same races,\nliving under the same laws, speaking the same language, forming a part of the greatest trading and\nmanufacturing nation on the globe and at the same\ntime possessing a genial climate and almost inexhaustible natural wealth together with the immensely\nimportant fact that here will be the western terminus\nof the greatest commercial highway of the world,\nI there can be no reasonable doubt that this province\nI is now about to enter upon a career of unexampled\nI prosperity. The completion of the 0. P. R will afford a direct line of rapid transit from the United\nKingdom to the terminus on our western shore, where\nI it will be met by numerous lines of shipping converging from every port on the broad Pacific and\nladen with valuable products to be exchanged for return cargoes of textile fabrics and manufactured\nwares from the looms and workshops of the British\nIsles, and for the immense surplus of sea and river,\nforest, field and mineral products of British Columbia. All the fundamental elements necessary to a\ngreat and wealthy country exist here on a very extensive scale, and the necessary population and capital\nfor their development will not fail to come in company with the commerce of this great western thoroughfare.\nJust here we would state, there is not the slightest reason to suppose that the western terminus of\nthe C. P. R. will be located in any other than British\nterritory. To carry it to Puget Sound would be an\nact of folly that no management or syndicate would\nbe at all likely to commit. Here the company has,\nalready, all the requisite lands and timber, the advantage of safe and commodious harbors near which\nare extensive coal and iron mines, besides owning a\nbelt of land twenty miles wide along the entire Hue\nof road, the prospective value of which would be\ngreatly reduced by the adoption of any such suicidal\npolicy. Apart from these economic considerations in\nfavor of having: the terminus on one of our own maar-\nnificent and excellent harbors is the important fact\nthat the location on the Sound of such extensive and\nvaluable lines of docks, wharves, warehouses, offices,\nmachine shops and all the other costly structures and\nappendages necessary to the maritime terminus of a\ngreat railway system, would be virtually placing them\nin hourly jeopardy, exposed as they would be to almost certain destruction by malevolent sand-lotters,\ncommunists and dynamite fiends who are now abusine;\nthe privileges of a free country by making it the base\nof their nefarious operations against everything British or monarchical. To all this may be added possible\ninternational complications which would render the\nterminus in American territory of this great British\n^highway of commerce very undesirable, to say the\nleast of it. The winter terminus of the Grand Trunk\nRailway in Portland, Maine, being a climatic and commercial necessity affords no precedent in this case. In\nview of these facts the statement, that the terminus of\nthe 0. P. R. will be located \"beyond the border,\" presents this singular anomaly, that while it is unquestionably | Sound \" enough, yet it has no foundation in\ntruth. So much for termini.\nHistory as well as. geography has its parallels;\nand, inasmuch as the progress of empire in the old\nworld has been northward and westward until it seems\nto have settled permanently in the British Isles, the\nenquiry as to the existence of any cause or causes\ntending to produce in America a counterpart of\nEuropean experience could not fail to be deeply interesting. In this connection the question is a pertinent\none, as to whether there is anything in the pathology\nof \"American nervousness \" that would seem to indicate rapid physical degeneration after the national\nphysique ceases to be recuperated by the admixture of\nnew blood from an inflowing tide of immigration ; or,\nhow far does the fact, that the United States is fast\nbecoming a home and asylum for all manner of lawless vagabonds, nihilists, communists, sand-lotters and\ndynamite fiends, go to prove that she is thus fostering,\nperhaps unconsciously, and arming with the potency\nof a free ballot the most dangerous elements of anarchy\nand national disintegration? But as this article is already too lengthy for our space, we will defer the further\nconsideration of the subject for the present. However\nwe are happy to be able to say that in thus studying\nthe various phases of our subject, we find only commu-\nlative assurances of a prosperous and brilliant future\nfor British Columbia. So mote it be.\nANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.\nWe are now in daily receipt of numerous letters\nof enquiry from all quarters respecting the advantages which British Columbia affords as a field for\nimmigration, and in reply are constantly sending off\ncopies of the Resotjbces containing the information\nrequired by each correspondent. We will from\nmonth to month publish articles embracing in their\nscope reliable information on the subjects of such\nenquiries. With this purpose in view we have prepared the matter contained in the present number, -\nso that after having carefully read and noted the import of all the letters received during the past month\nwe can therefore say in reply to one and all, \" read\nas carefully the present number of this magazine as\nwe did your respective letters, and in doing so you\nwill not fail to find a full reply 10 your several\nenquiries.\"\nBut inasmuch as this publication is not subsidized by any government or corporation or in fact\nfrom any extraneous source whatever, all its attendant expenses being borne by the publisher whose\nprivate property it is, and as our regular \" free list\"\nalready embraces more than 200 addresses, we would\ntherefore suggest to those writing to this office for\ninformation, sample copies &c, the evident propriety\nand justice of enclosing at the same time, the sum of THE RESOURCES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.\n25cts. covering the price of a copy of the magazine,\nthe only medium through which we could possibly\nreply to the numerous letters received.\nIn conjunction with what is elsewhere given in\nthese columns, in answer to correspondents and as\ninformation for intending emigrants, we subjoin a\nvery well written and authentic editorial article published in a recent number of the British Columbian\nof New Westminster, the leading newspaper on the\nMainland of this Province. While clear and concise\nin style, the article is no less remarkable for its\nbrevity than for its extended scope, embracing as it\ndoes a great variety of subjects under one general\nhead. It is indeed multum in parvo, and we therefore commend it to the careful perusal of our readers:\n\"Enquiries about the climate and resources of\nBritish Columbia are continually coming from Eastern\nCanada, Manitoba, the United States and Great Britain\nIn many cases correspondents state that there are large\nnumbers of people in their several localities who are\ndesirous of coming to this country, if they could be\nsatisfied with respect to its advantages. At the risk\nof wearying our provincial readers with the matters\nwith which they are already familiar, we propose to\nstate briefly a few facts for the information of intending immigrants. The climate of British Columbia is\nundoubtedly the finest that can be found anywhere in\nI British North America. This province, however, has\n1 a large area (nearly three times the size of Great Brit-\nI ain and Ireland), and its climate varies according to the\nelevation and distance from the coast. Along the coast\nand throughout a great part of the interior the thermometer rarely ever reaches zero, and the greatest\nsummer heat is about 75 to 90 deg. We have no bliz-\nzards anywhere in the country, and no sudden changes\nfrom heat to cold. Storms of any kind are very rare,\nexcept on Vancouver Island, and there are nothing\ncompared with those experienced on the other side of the\ncontinent. In the vicinity of thiscitythecoldestdaysof\nwinter are about 8 or 10 above zero, but such a low\ntemperature does not usually occur more than a few\ndays in the year. Some parts of the country are subject to extensive rainfalls; others, in the interior, are\nmore than usually dry. The quantity of rain on the\ncoast is from 45 to 75 inches, and from 10 to 20 inches\nin the interior. As an illustration of the character of\nthe climate with reference to out-door labor, we are\ninformed by one of the railway contractors that his\nentire force last season, working outside, averaged 23J\ndays per month, per man, for a consecutive period of\nsix months. Every person from the East who visits\nthis province is surprised and delighted at our climate.\nOur resources are very great and varied. Much of the\ncountry is mountainous, but there are thousands of\nacres of arable land, and most of it is exceedingly fertile.\nHon. J. W. Trutch, Dominion Government Agefrt, has\nestimated the quantity of fertile land west of the\nRocky Mountains at 140,000,000 acres. It is at least\ncertain that there is plenty good land for all who wish\nit. The productiveness of our good lands is wonderful,\nand high prices are realized for all farm and dairy\nproduce. Any person who engages intelligently in\nfarming or stock-raising in this country should realize\na competency in a few years. Every intending settler\nmay pre-empt 160 acres of land, for which he pays\nthe government Si per acre in four annual installments.\nIn addition to our agricultural interests, we have an\nexhaustless supply of as fine timber as can be found\nin the world. There are a large number of mills engaged in manufacturing lumber and spars for export\nand local demand, and the industry is capable of indefinite expansion. The annual lumber producton now\namounts to nearly 30,000,000 feet.\nOur coal fields are vast and rich. The Nanaimo\ncoal area is nearly 100 square miles, and that of Co-\nmox about 300. Large quantities of coal are exported\nto San Francisco and elsewhere. Our fisheries are\nalso vast in extent, and continually increasing. In\n1882 the value of fish packed and cured in this province was $1,842,675. The capital employed is $631,-\n670, and there are over 5,000 men engaged during\nfishing season. Mining is, of course, very largely carried on, for everybody has heard of the mines of British Columbia. Our gold fields are very extensive, covering an area estimated at about 100,000 square miles.\nThere are also rich silver, copper, lead and iron mines\nscattered throughout the country. The annual yield\nof gold in Cariboo is now upwards of $1,000,000. Vast\nregions of this country have never been explored, and\nit will doubtless be found that some of the richest\nmines have not yet been discovered. In this country\nthere is a steady and pressing demand for labor. There\nis scarcely a single industry whose operations are not\nhampered because of the scarcity of labor. The farms,\nthe mills, the fisheries, the logging camps, the public\nworks, the railways\u00E2\u0080\u0094all demand more help than the\npresent population can supply. Wages are higher, we\nbelieve, than in any other part of the continent. For\ncommon laborers the railway contractors are offering\nfrom $2.50 to $3 a day, and for skilled mechanics from\n$3.50 to $5 per day. Wages in other branches of industry are about equally high. The logging camps,\nwhich employ large numbers of men throughout the\nyear, pay from $60 to $75 per month, and board. Farm\nlaborers get from $30 to $40 per month, and common\nmill hands about $60 per month, and found. Board\nfor day laborers is from $4 to $5 per week. It will be\nseen from these figures how great are the profits of labor in this province, The towns and settlements are\nfairly well supplied with free public schools, churches\nand other institutions usually found in civilized countries. The general laws and municipal regulations are\nsomewhat similar to those of Eastern Canada, and life\nand property are as safe as anywhere on the continent.\nWe have the climate and natural resources to make a\nnation, and what we most need is population. Since\nthe commencement of railway construction all branches\nof industry have been forced into unusual activity,\nand now is the time for immigrants to come. No person willing to work need be without employment at\n2food wages in British Columbia.\nmm THE RESOURCES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nMEN OF THE TIME.\nHis Honor, the Lieutenant Governor,\nand Her Majesty's British Columbian Ministers.\nBrief Biographical Sketches.\nSome are born great, some achieve greatness,\nAnd some have greatness thrust upon them.\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094Shakespeake.\nIt is scarcely necessary to say that The Resoubces\ntakes no part in partizan politics. In fact party lines\ndo not seem to be very closely drawn in the politics of\nBritish Columbia. The \" Ins \" and the \" Outs \" appear\nto be striving for the same general purpose, the speedy\nadvancement of the best interests of the country, but\ndiffering widely as to the means which ought to be\nemployed for its attainment. The relative merits of\ntheir respective methods of dealing with public affairs,\ndoubtless, can best be estimated by consequent results.\nAlthough the debates of the present session of our\nLegislative Assembly are occasionally spiced with\nrather pungent acerbity, yet it is gratifying to observe\nthat no charges of official peculation, bribery or corruption are ever preferred against each other by the\ncontending parties ; the greatest specific gravity of the\nseveral allegations consisting in the alleged incompetency, stupidity or negligence of the respective opposing\nforces. While this fact may be accepted as evidencing the absence of any corruption or intentional maladministration on the part of those who have recently\nhad, or now have the direction of our public affairs, it\nmay also be regarded as a most reassuring augury of\nthe future prosperity of the province, and one that\ncannot fail to be highly gratifying to the intending immigrant and tax-paying settler.\nAs we intend to add several new and, we trust,\ninteresting features to the general matter of this publication, embracing among other things, portraits and\nbiographical sketches of distinguished self-made men\nof British Columbia, we have deemed it suitable to\ncommence the series with those of our present Lieutenant Governor and Executive Council.\nTHE HON. CLEMENT FRANCIS CORNWALL,\nLieutenant Governor of British Columbia, is the third\nson of the late Rev. Alan Gardner Cornwall, Rector of\nNewington, Bagpath, Gloucestershire, England, and\nChaplain in Ordinary to her Majesty. He was born\nin 1836, was educated at a private school and the University of Cambridge where he graduated B. A. He\nwas called to the bar of the Honorable Society of the\nInner Temple, England, and subsequently admitted to\npractice in British Columbian Courts. In 1862 he\ncame to British Columbia and proceeding into the interior of the province, established himself at Ashcroft,\non the Thompson River, where he has since resided\nand principally occupied himself as owner and breeder\nof stock. During the earlier years of the province,\nMr. Cornwall represented the Yale-Lytton District in\nthe Legislative Council in several sessions, always preferring election at the hands of the people to a nomination from the government which was more than once\npressed upon him, and at the date of Confederation he\nwas summoned to the Senate of the Dominion of Canada. During the years in which he attended its sessions he supported generally the Kberal-conservative\nparty, recognizing in its leaders men who had at heart\nthe interests of British Columbia and who were possessed of the requisite ability and statesmanlike qualities to enable them to discharge the onerous duties of\ngoverning Canada and of stimulating and fostering its\nsettlement, its progress and its industries. In 1871\nMr. Cornwall married Charlotte, third daughter of the\nRev. A. G. Pemberton, Rector of Kensal Green, London, England, and in 1881 he received his commission\nas Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia.\nTHE HON. WILLIAM SMlTHE,\nPremier of the Government and Chief Commissioner\nof Lands and Works, was born in Northumberland,\nEngland, in 1842; was educated at Whittington; and\nin 1859 commenced business as a merchant at Newcas-\ntle-Upon-Tyne, in which pursuit he continued for three\nyears, when he emigrated to British Columbia. Arriving at Victoria in the summer of '62 he entered the\nservice of the Hudson Bay Company, in which he remained until, in company with others^ he went to Cow-\nichan, and, locating on a farm, which he still owns and\noccupies, became one of the first settlers of that important district. These were the memorable days of\ngold \u00E2\u0080\u0094 days that fired many an adventurous breast with\nluring hopes of fortune, speedy, sure and countless.\nIt was scarcely to be expected of one whose ambition\nhad carried him into the midst of busy; bustling commerce at the early age of seventeen, and caused him,\nere he was yet twenty, to leave the cultivated society\nof a quiet English home for the then wild and almost\nunknown, far west shores of America, that he would,\nin such exciting times, be content to follow the rather\ntame and uneventful pursuits incident to the life of a\ncountry farmer. Accordingly, he soon after took his\ndeparture for the Leech River Mines and thence to the\nfamous gold fields of Cariboo, where he again engaged\nin mining with varying success. Abandoning the gold\nquest, and having spent some time in surveying at\nBurrard Inlet, he next went to California in the spring\nof '69, and soon after accepted a position on the staff\nof the San Francisco Daily Chronicle. But the harsh\nwinds for which that city* is noted, seriously affected\nhis health; so much so that in '71 he resolved to return\nto British Columbia, having great faith in the remedial\nefficacy of its genial and health-restoring climate. Nor\nwas he disappointed, for soon after returning to his old-\nfarm in Cowichan, he regained his wonted health and\nvigor, and, with characteristic industry, again went\nwhistling at the plow. In 71 he was chosen to represent the electoral district of Cowichan in the first par- THE RESOURCES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nliament alter confederation, and has since been successively returned for the same seat at every election,\neither by acclamation, or if contested, always at the\nhead of the poll. In 1872 he was appointed a Justice\nof the Peace for the Province. In January, 76 he was\nunanimously chosen leader of the oppositionbythe party\nwith which he affiliates, but on the defeat of the Walkem\ngovernment in February, 76, he resigned the leadership of his party in favor of Hon. A. C. Elliott who\nthen became premier, from whom, in July of the same\nyear, he accepted the portfolio of Minister of Finance\nand Agriculture, and continued to administer the affairs of that important department until the defeat of\nthe Elliott government at the general election of June,\n78. When parliament reassembled he was again\nunanimously chosen as leader of the opposition, and on\nthe defeat of the Beaven government in January, '83,\nhe formed the present executive council at the request\nand with the approval of His Honor the Lieutenant-\nGovernor, and thus became premier of the Government\nof British Columbia. Besides being endowed with\nunusual executive ability, his long public experience\nhas made him an astute parliamentarian, ready and\nforcible in debate; and while possessing an intimate\nknowledge of the needs and resources of the province,\nhe has an abiding faith in its great and inevitable fu-\nture. Being only in his forty-first year, and in the\nenjoyment of vigorous health, the honorable gentleman\nhas a fair promise of many years of life and useful-\nI ness before him.\nTHE ATTORNEY GENERAL.\nThe Hon. Alexander E. B. Davie is one of the sons\nof the late Dr. John C. Davie, who emigrated from\nEngland to this province in 1862 and whose memory\nis cherished by early colonists. The Attorney-General\ncommenced the study of the law in the office of Mr.\nRobert Bishop, completing his term of service with\nMessrs. Drake & Jackson. He was admitted a solicitor\nin 1868 and called to the bar in 1873, since which period he has been engaged in the active exercise of his profession. He represented the electoral district of Cariboo\nduring 1876 and 1877. In 1877 he was appointed\nProvincial Secretary, a position which he soon afterwards resigned having been defeated on his return for\nre-election. At the general election in 1882 he was\nreturned for the adjoining constituency of Lilloet at\nthe head of the polls and having accepted in January,\n1883, his present office, was re-elected by acclamation.\nIn his professional vocation and political career he has\nidentified himself with the Mainland, throughout which\nportion of the province he has been long and favorably known. Mr. Davie is a native of Somersetshire,\nEngland, and received his education at Silcoates School,\nWakefield, Yorkshire, England.\nTHE HON. JOHN ROBSON.\nBorn at Perth, Ontario, of Scotch parents who emi-\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2grated to Canada in the beginning of the present century; was educated there; followed commercial pursuits\nat Perth, Montreal, Hamilton and Bayfield till 1859,\nwhen he came to British Columbia, attracted by the\nsold discoveries.\nA vigorous writer and forcible\nspeaker, he soon came to the front and took a leading\npart in the struggles of the then Crown Colony for\nrepresentative government. Was editor and proprietor of the British Columbian (the pioneer and leading\nnewspaper on the mainland), established at New Westminster in the beginning of 1861. Was elected Mayor\nof New Westminster in 1866. Is a Justice of the\nPeace for the Province and holds a lieutenant's commission in the militia. Represented the important district of New Westminster in the Legislative Council from 1867 to 1870 inclusive, and took a\npromment part in bringing about confederation with\nCanada, the terms for which were formulated and\nadopted by the Legislature in 1870. Was elected to\nrepresent Nanaimo in the Legislative Assembly in 1871\nand sat till the spring of 1875, when he accepted the\nappointment of Paymaster of the Canadian Pacific Railway surveys west of the Rocky Mountains, which position\nhe continued to hold until its abolition in 1879. Resumed publication of the British Columbian in 1880,\nand at the general election of 1882 was returned for\nthe District of New Westminster by the largest majority given by any constituency. Upon the defeat of the\nBeaven ministry, on the 26th January, 1883, and the\nformation of the Smithe administration, he accepted\nthe appointment of \" Provincial Secretary and Minister\nof Mines, and Minister of Finance and Agriculture,\"\nand, on returning to his constituents, received their\nunanimous approval, having been re-elected by acclamation. His views on all public questions are liberal,\nprogressive and statesmanlike and his name is prominently associated with the history of British Columbia\nand he enjoys the reputation of being the most vigorous newspaper writer in the Province and the most\nforcible speaker in the Legislature.\nTHE HON. MONTAGUE WILLIAM TYRWHITT DRAKE,\nPresident of the Executive Council of British Columbia, was born at Kingswalden, Hertfordshire, England,\nand was educated at Charter House, after which he\nstudied law, .and, in 1851, was admitted as a solicitor\nin the Queen's Bench. Mr. Drake came to British\nColumbia in 1859, the period of the first gold discoveries in the province, and in 1869 entered public life,\nwhen he contested the city of Victoria and was return-\nas an opponent to confederation, which was then the\ngreat pivotal question of the politics of the day. During this time he also took a prominent and active part\nin the advancement of the educational interests of the\ncountry, having been a member of the Board of Education from 1872 until 1878. He was called to the Bar\nin 187$ and was again elected to a seat in the Legislature in 1882 as a representative of the Capital City,\nVictoria. At the formation of the present government\nin January, 1883, he was appointed President of the\nExecutive Council and is also one of H. M. Justices of\nthe Peace for this province. The honorable gentleman\nis the senior partner of the eminent law firm of Drake\n& Jackson, of Victoria. A man of recognized ability\nand social standing, coupled with considerable\npublic experience, he is well qualified to discharge ef-\nI ficiently the very important duties of the high office to\nwhich he has so recently been called. THE RESOURCES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nA CHARMING RESORT.\nAs a summer resort Victoria has a peculiar combination of unequalled advantages and is to be especially\nrecommended to health-seeking invalids \u00E2\u0080\u0094 beautifully\nsituated on the southeastern extremity of Vancouver\nIsland, the largest of the group forming the North\nPacific archipelago. The city's atmosphere is charged\nwith ozone, peculiar to this place only. It originates\nin the snow-cooled breezes on the Olympian range,\nmixes with the salt sea air of the Pacific and has peculiar health-restoring and life-prolonging qualities,\nwhich need only to be known abroad to make Victoria\nthe sanitarium of the Pacific.\nCadboro Bay and the Arm offer fine, safe saltwater bathing. At the extreme head of the inlet the\nwater often indicates\na,temperature of seventy degrees. A valuable spring of sulphur and iron has\nbeen discovered at\nSpring Park,fourand\none-half miles from\nthe city, and adds no\nlittle to the attraction\nof the place. Pleasure boats and yachts\ncan be rented at reasonable rates, and the\nmossy banks and\nshady bars of the\nArm make the pleasures of boating be-\nwitchingly attractive. The usual destination of boats is\nthe I Gorge,\" a narrow rapid some three\nmiles distant, and the\ncourse on moonlight\nnights, rendered lovely and picturesque\nby the overhanging\nbanks of verdure, is\nfairly alive with every description of small water craft.\nBeacon Hill, which lies about a mile from the center of the city, is a natural park of unsurpassed loveliness, and in no part of the globe can the traveler find\na place of resort, adjacent to an important business\ncommunity, at once so charmingly rural and so easy of\naccess to those who toil for their living in the heart of\nthe city. Besides the rare beauty of the panoramic\nview obtainable from Beacon Hill, the park is very\nnaturally a fashionable promenade,and being surrounded by a race-track it is often the scene of trotting and\nrunning matches, whilst the youth of the city enjoy\nits spacious levels with base-ball, foot-ball, cricket,'La\nCrosse and other athletic exercises.\nThere are other charming spots to which allusion\nmight well be made, but for the purposes of this article it must suffice to state that the whole neighborhood abounds in interesting features\u00E2\u0080\u0094sylvan groves,\ncrystal lakes, mossy banks, flowery pathways, beautiful\ndrives, etc,, etc.\nBRITISH COLUMBIA IMMIGRATION BUREAU.\nTHE ARM BY MOONLIGHT.\nThe large number of white emigrants seeking\npermanent homes, who will doubtless arrive in this\nprovince during the coming summer and those now\nen route, together with the installments already received, has rendered necessary the establishment by\nthe government of an Immigration Bureau at Victoria\nand the appointment of a competent officer for its management. Accordingly an office for\nthis purpose has recently been opened\nin one of the government buildngs on\nJames Bay, convenient to the Land Office, and John Jessop,\nEsquire, (late city editor of the Colonist), a\ngentleman intimately acquainted with\nthe geography, resources and industries\nof the province, has\nbeen duly gazetted as\nImmigration Agent.\nThe office will be\nplenteously supplied\nwith hand-books,\npamphlets and maps\ncontaining reliable\ninformation for free\ndistribution abroad,\nto intending emigrants and incoming\nsettlers and laborers.\n-Employers of labor,\nskilled and ordinary, should at once place themselves in\ncommunication with the Bureau, in order that the wants\nof the laborer and employermay be promptly supplied in\nthis respect; a mutual benefit to each as well as to the\nprovince at large. Every friend of British Columbia\nwill heartily commend the establishment of a Bureau\nof Immigration as a wise and timely act, fraught with\nincalculable benefits to the best interests of the whole\ncountry\u00E2\u0080\u0094its settlement and the development of its\ngreat natural wealth. It may be unpleasant, but\ntruth compels the admission that we have heretofore\nneglected to employ any adequate means to promote\nthe settlement of the country. Although all earnestly\ndesired increased immigration as the one thing abso- THE RESOURCES OP* BRITISH COLUMBIA.\n9\nlutely necessary for the speedy development of its\nvast and varied resources, yet no proper effort in the\ndirection of .securing it was ever made; but with a\nshiftless patience worthy only of Dickens' Wilkins Ma-\ncawber, we have always been content \"to wait for\nsomething to turn up.\" In view of the rapid progress\nmade in the settlement of less favored regions by the\nadoption of a liberal immigration policy it becomes\nmore apparent that our do-nothing course has been a\npenny wise and pound foolish one. To this cause,\nrather than to our isolated position, (for we have always had a grand ocean highway leading to every\nport in the world), is mainly due the fact, that this\nmost extensive province of the Dominion, although\npregnant with wealth creating resources beyond all\nothers, is, to-day, little more than a sealed book\u00E2\u0080\u0094a\nterra incognita to the outside world. Business men,\nand especially officials and journalists, are now constantly in receipt of numerous letters of enquiry from\nintending emigrants,regarding the climate and resources\nof this country. The increasing interest manifested\nabroad in this respect is largely due to a happy, and,\nto us, very fortunate circumstance, namely, the recent\nvisit of His Excellency, the Governor General and his\nRoyal Consort, the Princess Louise, who have since\nwritten and spoken in unstinted praise of our country\nand its climate, and to whom, for so kindly a service,\n\u00E2\u0096\u00A0 our people although truly grateful, must ever remain\n1 very much indebted. Heretofore this province has al-\nI ways been an uncared-for waif of the British Empire,\nI and like other waifs, it too has often sadly neglected\nmany of the opportunities for self-advancement. To\nno friendly, helping hand or fostering care does it owe\nits present position. Often kicked but never caressed,\nI the history of this long disregarded province is not unlike that of Mrs. Stowe's immortal \"Topsy\" as related\nby herself, \" I had no fadder, no mudder, no nuffin, I\n'specks I growed.\"\nSummary of Land and Mining Laws.\nAny person being the head of a family, a widow,\nor a single man over the age of 18 years and a British\nsubject, or any other alien upon declaring his intention to become a British subject, may record any tract\nof unoccupied, unsurveyed and unreserved CrownLands,\nnot exceeding 320 acres, north and east of the Cascade\nor Coast Range of Mountains, and 160 acres in the\nrest of the Province, and \" pre-empt\" or \" homestead \"\nthe same, and obtain a title therefor upon paying the\nsum of $1 per acre in four equal annual instalments,\nthe first one year from the date of record. Persons\ndesiring to acquire land under this law must observe\nthe following requirements:\n1st. The land applied for must be staked off with\nposts at each corner not less than four inches square,\nand five feet above the ground, and marked in form as\nfollows: (A B's ) Land, N. E. post. (A B's) Land,\nN. W. post, &c.\n2nd. Applications must be made in writing to the\nLand Commissioner, giving a full description of the\nland, and also a sketch plan thereof, both in duplicate,\nand a declaration under oath, made and filed in duplicate, that the land in question is properly subject to\nsettlement by the applicant, and that he or she is duly\nqualified to record the same, and a recording fee of $2\npaid.\n3rd. Such homestead settler must within 30 days\nafter record enter into actual occupation of the land\nso pre-empted, and continuously reside thereon personally or by his family or agents, and neither Indians\nor Chinamen can be agents for this purpose.\nAbsence from such land for a period of more than\ntwo months continuously or four months in the aggregate during the year, subjects it to forfeiture to the\nGovernment. Upon payment for the land as specified,\nand a survey thereof at the expense of the settler a\nCrown grant for the spine will issue, provided that in\nthe case of an alien he must first become a naturalizsd\nBritish subject before receiving title.\nHomesteads upon surveyed lands may be acquired,\nof the same extent and in the same manner as upon\nthe unsurveyed, except that the applicant is not required to stake off and file a plat of the tract desired.\nThere is a Homestead Law, by which under due\nregistration, real and personal property is protected to\nthe extent of not more than $2,500 from seizure and\nsale in bankrupcy.\nUnsurveyed, unoccupied, and unreserved Crown\nlands may be purchased in tracts of not less than 160\nacres for $1 per acre, cash in full at one payment before receiving title by complying with the following\nconditions:\n1st. Two months' notice of intended application to\npurchase must be inserted at the expense of the applicant in the British Columbia Gazette and in any newspaper circulating in the district where the land desired lies, stating name of applicant, locality, boundaries and extent of land applied for, which notice must\nalso be posted in a conspicuous place on the land\nsought to be acquired, and on the Government office,\nif any, in the district. The applicant must also stake\noff the said land as required in case of pre-emption, and\nalso have the same surveyed at his own expense.\nSurveyed lands, after having been offered for sale\nat public auction for one dollar per acre, may be purchased for cash at that price.\nTHE MINING LAWS\nProvide that every person over sixteen years of age\nmay hold a mining claim, after first obtaining from\nthe Gold Commissioner a Free Miner's Certificate or\nLicense, at a cost of five dollars for one year and fifteen dollars for three years. Every miner locating a\nclaim must record the same in the office of the Gold\nCommissioner, for a period of one or more years, paying therefor at the rate of $2 50 per year.\nEvery free miner may hold at the same time any\n \u00E2\u0080\u0094 id\nTHE RESOURCES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nnumber of claims by purchase, but only two claims by\npre-emption in the same locality, one mineral claim\nand one other claim, and sell, mortgage, or dispose of\nthe same.\nThe size of claims are as follows:\nThe bar diggings, a strip of land 100 feet wide at\nhighwater mark and thence extending into the river to\nthe lowest water level.\nFor dry diggings, 100 feet square.\nCreek claims shall be 100 feet long measured in\nthe direction of the general course of the stream and\nshall extend in width frojn base to base of the hill, or\nbench on each side, but when the hills or benches are\nless than 100 feet apart, the claim shall be 100 feet\nsquare.\nBench claims shall be 100 feet square.\nMineral claims, that is claims containing, or supposed to contain minerals (other than coalj in lodes or\nveins, shall be 1,500 feet long by. 600 feet wide.\nDiscoverers of new mines are allowed 300 feet in\nlength for one discoverer, 600 feet for two, 800 feet for\nthree, and 1000 in length for a party o\u00C2\u00A3 four.\nCreek discovery claims extend 1000 feet on each\nside of the center of the creek or as far as the summit.\nCoal lands west of the Cascade Range in tracts\nnot less than 160 acres, may be purchased at not less\nthan ten dollars per acre, and similar lands east of the\nCascade Range, at not less than five dollars per acre.\nGood building sites in Victoria (60 by 120 feet)\nwhere vacant range from at $250 to $500, according to\neligibility of position; at New Westminster (lots 132\nx66 feet) and at Port Moody, probably about the\nsame; at Nanaimo, from $150 to $200. But, outside\nof business precincts, and in the limit of a short walk,\nsuch building sites, \"in a. position privately more agreeable, can be obtained at cheaper rate.\nHouse rent, generally, ranges as under: a four\nroomed house, with kitchen and surroundings on a\ntown plot, (probably with a miniature garden), can be\nrented at from $8 to 12 per month. Larger dwellings\nat proportionate rates.\nCordwood (the Douglas Fir, an excellent fuel) is\ndelivered in town at from $4 to $4.50 per cord; coal\nat $8 per ton. Water rates, when the public pipe-supply is used, from $1 to $2.50 per month, according to\nstipulated demand, otherwise there is no general water-rate.\nThere is a general head-tax of $3 for educational\npurposes, levied by the Provincial Government upon\nall male residents over the age of 18 years.\nProvincial assessed taxes, if paid on or before the\n30th of June in each year, are collectable at the following rates, viz.:\nOne-third of one per cent, on Real Property.\nFive cents per acre on Wild Land.\nOne-fifth of one per cent, on Personal Property.\nOne-half of one per cent, on Income.\nIf paid after the 30th of June in each year:\nOne-half of one per cent, on Real Property.\nSix cents per acre on Wild Land.\nOne-fourth of one per cent, on Personal Property.\nThree-fourths of one per cent, on Income.\nThe Municipal assessed tax, in Victoria, is one per\ncent, on all property whether in house or land; but\nReal Property in Municipalities is exempt from Provincial assessment.\nThere is also, in Victoria, a Municipal head-tax of\n$2 for road purposes, payment of which before the 1st\nof July in each year entitles the payer, if a British\nsubject, to vote at the election of Mayor and Councillors for the ensuing year.\nThe Wealth of the Canadian Pacific.\nThe Canadian Pacific Railway Company is one of\nthe richest corporations in the world. It started out\nwith a grant of 756 miles of road built and in operation, another grant of 25,000,000 acres of land said to\nbe worth on the average $5 per acre, and a Government guarantee of a clear gift of $25,000,000, to be\npaid by installments, so much upon the completion of\neach section of seventy miles. Its charter exempts\nthe road, equipments and capital stock from taxes forever, and it has free right of way with all the materials for construction and equipment free from duty.\nThe whole mileage to be built by the company is less\nthan 2,400 miles, The eastern half of it will not cost\nmore than $15,000 a mile, or $18,000,000. The western half, including passage through two ranges of\nmountains, may cost an average of $35,000 a mile, or\n$42,000,000; a total possible cost of $60,000,000, of\nwhich the government pays $25,000,000, leaving for\nthe company $35,000,000, which 7,000,000 acres of\ntheir land grant from Winnipeg westward will. pay.\nThey will then have left their entire capital stock and\n18,000,000 acres of land for the construction of con- i\nnection and branches and equipment, and for the creation of connecting lines of steamships from Montreal\nto Europe at the East, and from Port Moody with\nAustralia, China and San Francisco at the West. A\ncompany so rich in funds and exempt from all taxes\nforever, and having so large a surplus, together with\nthe advantage of the shortest possible route across the\ncontinent, its road, when completed, will inevitably become the greatest commercial highway between the I\nAtlantic and Pacific seaboards. Successful competition by any other trans-continental railway is simply j\nimpossible.\n=====\nKicking Horse Pass.\u00E2\u0080\u0094The Ottawa Free Press of\nFebruary 15th says:\u00E2\u0080\u0094It is stated that the Kicking\nHorse Pass, as a route for the Pacific Railway across\nthe Rocky Mountains, has been abandoned, and the\nold line, via Yellow Head Pass, selected by Mr. Mc-\nKenzie, again reverted to.\nScarcity of Beef.\u00E2\u0080\u0094A Seattle dispatch says that\nbeef has taken another advance there, and now retails\nat 25 cents a pound. For the first time in Seattle's\nhistory, importations are made from British Columbia. THE RESOURCES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.\n11\nBritish Columbia.\nAll hail Columbia ! not least, though last,\nOf treasures rare that nobly come to grace,\nA glorious diadem! of unions past\nMost welcome thine! cordial we give thee place,\nThou, the most potent center, honored heart,\nOf Canada's Dominion! Thine the fate,\nAn Empire to complete. Our destined part\nTJnpla/ed as yet, thou comest a new born state!\n'Mid the twin oceans' foam we're grandly set\nLike to a diamond pure of price untold,\nIn primal brightness sparkling, ere as yet,\nBy contact foul bedimmed, to kindred gold\nWedded alone, refulgent it displays\nA common glory. Thus on thy fair brow,\nFair Sister of the West, thy wealth portrays\nThat spotless maiden crown, thou hast till now,\nExclusive borne. In destined time thou'rt wed,\nOr like the priceless diamond, set in gold.\nBe thine the lot, in after years, when read\nThy tale of wedded life, that aye be told,\nHigh honor's scroll, no conquest thine to boast\nThat wades to glory through a sea of blood,\nClimbing to power and wealth at the sad cost\nOf orphans' tears and death in direst mood.\nThe victories already thine shall tit.ll,\nFull many an age to come, how sweetly won\nThy famous battles, hardly fought and well,\nBy honored toil and counsel sage all done\nThy deeds of high renown. Thou mad'st a state,\nWill future ages say. The mainland thine,\nThe Islands came, and thou at once wert great!\nIn union strong, now earnest, all combine,\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2Stretch out their arms of power the land of gold,\nPeaceful to hold, the foaming torrent span,\nWild mountains pierce, the forrest hoar and old\nStrenuous subdue, and to the use of man,\nVast fertile plains and valleys grand unfold!\nWhat strength in union's found, and what thy gain,\nIn days to come, to latest hour of time,\nLet thine achievement tell, that casts thy chain\nThrough continent and isle, o'er all the clime,\nOn mountains' necks, like pearly necklace thrown,\nO'er lakesNunfathomed, dashing torrents borne,\nTill oceans meet, and wedded are thine own.\nThine own to dawning of the Atlantic morn!\nExtend'st thine arm of might where sets the sun,\nThy magic wand out o'er the western sea,\nAnd lo! ere yet thy work is well begun,\nVast continents and islands come to thee!\nCashmere and Thibet Welcdme tribute pay,\nHer pent up treasures China willing pours;\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Japan, from rest of earth no more astray,\nAnd India come, their wealth changing with yours.\nHow blest thy favored people in their store!\nEarth's richest theirs! Her pearls Arabia sends,\nHer diamonds rare Golconda! Thine, even more;\nWith these shall vie each eager clime that blends\nIts lot with thine, and on thy ocean throne,\nWhen greater than thyself, bright land, are gone.\nThou'lt raign, Columbia, o'er the sea,\n\" Hope, refuge, stronghold of the Free!\nPROGRESS OF THE C. P. R.\nAt the slide above the big tunnel, work is being\ncarried on night and day. There are about 100 white\nmen there, and it is expected that the slide will be all\nmoved by the 20th inst. From there to Skuzzy, seven\nmiles further up, the grading is all done, and bridges\nalone have to be built to complete the work.\nAt camp 19, Boston Bar, there are 70 whites,\nmaking bridging and building the trestle along Boston\nBar bluff; from there to camp 21, four miles above,\nthe grade is completed. There are at this camp 40\ntimbermen and 8 gangs of Chinese, who work from\nthere up. Camp 22 is closed for the present.\nAt camp 23, opposite the 33 mile post, there are\n70 white men and 16 gangs of Chinese ; four heavy\nstructures are being put up. Near this point, at camp\n24, a mile and a half beyond, there are forty white\nmen, making timber and putting up trestling.\nAt the crossing where the iron bridge, built in\nEngland, will be placed, gangs of men, about 60 in all,\nare getting out stone for piers. The pier on the wagon\nroad side will be commenced in a few days.\nFrom the crossing to Lytton there are 250 Chinese grading, and a gang of 25 carpenters putting up\ntrestling near Lytton. The company are running a\nsawmill at Hautier station.\nJust above this point, the largest bridge so far\nbuilt on the C. P. R. in B. C, has just been completed-\nit is 123 feet high, built in four stories, and is about\n350 feet long.\nAt camp 25, Salmon river, there are 4 gangs of\nChinese, 25 whites, and a number of Indians, taking\nout foundations and framing Salmon river bridge. At\nthis point the company have a sawmill run by contract\nby D. Smith.\nAt camp 27, opposite the 42-mile post, there are\n65 white men making timber, and 22 gangs of Chinese\ngrading from Siwash creek to Lick flat, H. F. Rufers,\nsub-contractor. There are 800 Chinese grading and\n40 whites working, between Cisco flat and Fraser crossing work is all done with the exception of a little finishing required on McBride's sub-contract.\nThere are 60 white men employed above Lytton;\nFrom\non tne lower portion of the road, the men will be put at work between\nLytton and Spence's bridge. It is anticipated that if\nthe season is favorable, the line will be completed to\nFraser River crossing by the coming winter.\ntwo gangs of Chinese are filling in behind cut.\nthis time on, as work gets finished on the lower\nReasons Why Business Men Should Advertise\nin the Resources.\nInasmuch as our terms to advertisers are as reasonable as those of any other regular publication in the\nprovince, and as its circulation will be not only local\nbut also world wide, The Resources cannot fail to be\nan excellent medium for business men through which\n\u00E2\u0080\u00A2to make their announcements. Besides assisting to\nrender self-sustaining a publication so advantageous to\nthe best interests of the country, and in promotion of\nwhich all will be mutually benefitted, the advertiser\nwill, at the same time, secure that extended, publicity\nof his business which the very large circulation of the\nmagazine necessarily guarantees. In view of these\nfacts, we hope that business men throughout the province will cheerfully give us a share of their advertising patronage. The reading matter of The Resources\nwill not be materially decreased to make room for advertisements, as the paper, if necessary, will be enlarged for that purpose.\n\t 12\nTHE RESOURCES OP BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nESQUIMALT.\nThe town of Esquimalt is situated on a small\npeninsula which separates the Royal Roads from\nEsquimalt harbor, and is distant about 3| miles from\nVictoria, with which it is connected by a good macadamized road. The place is justly celebrated for its\nbeautiful harbor, which is capacious, easy of access and\nwell sheltered and is-the first one on the coast for 700\nmiles north, of San Francisco. Principally on account\nof the facilities this harbor affords, and the general\nhealthiness of the locality, this place was selected by\nthe British Admiralty, at an early date, as the chief\nnaval stations for Her Majesty's ships on the Pacific,\nand consequently the Admiralty has established an arsenal here, in which are stored large quantities of\nnaval ordnance supplies of all kinds. In addition to\nthe dock yard and arsenal are the naval hospital and\nEsquimalt and Victoria. Leaving Victoria at 9 a. m.,\n11:30 a. m., and 4 :30 p. m.; and Esquimalt at 10 a. m.,\n1: 30 p. m. and 5 :15 p. m. The fare is 25 cents each\nway. The two places are connected by telephone.\nEsquimalt district is studded with small farms and\npretty country residences, some of those along the\nwater being exceedingly picturesque. An Indian village and reserve lie on the notheast side of the harbor\nand a Roman Catholic mission has been established\nhere. At some seasons of the year the waters of Esquimalt are visited by enormous quantities of herring,\nand the curing of these at that time is quite a local\nindustry. During the summer months, whiting are\nfound in large numbers in all parts of the harbor.\nCatching these delicious fish forms a favorite pastime\nfor boating parties, at that season of the year.\nTaxada Island, in the Gulf of Georgia, is one mass\nof minerals.\nENTRANCE TO ESQUIMALT HARBOK.\npowder magazine, the latter being situated on Magazine Island, in the northern part of the harbor.\nThe dry dock, the second largest of the public\nworks ever undertaken in the province, deserves special\nnotice. Its length, is 400 feet on floor; entrance, 65 feet\nwide; depth, 26 feet. The material used in its construction being Portland cement; concrete, faced with\nsandstone. When finished this will be one of the largest docks on the coast, affording ample accommodation for the largest ships.\nEsquimalt has two churches and two public\nschools. The former belonging to the English Episcopal and Roman Catholic churches; and of the latter\none is situated in Esquimalt town and the other at\nCol wood.\nA stage carrying passengers and H. M. mails\nmakes three trips daily (Sundays excepted) between\nONE AMONG THE MANY.\nAs an item of interest to intending- settlers and\nemigrants we publish the following:\nTo persons desirous of obtaining and settling on\nunimproved or improved land, there are great inducements in the municipality of Surrey, New Westminster District. 1 h's municipality extends south from\nthe Fraser river to the international line and east from\nthe coast to Langley municipality, and contains one\nhundred and twenty square miles of territory, about\none-half of which is imoccupied, and the land is first-\nclass in quality. There are schools and churches, eood\nroads, navigable rivers, and a railroad projected through\nthis fmunicipality. For further information apply to\nHENRY T. THRIFT, C. M. C.\nClover Valley, Surrey, B. C. THE RESOURCES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA\n13\nKOOTENAY DISTRICT.\nIn view of the great interest which the proposed\nopening up of this remote and little known portion of\nthe Province by a company of American capitalists\nhas created, it may be well to give at this time, a brief\ndescription of that country and its resources. This\nextensive district is situated in the extreme southeastern portion of the province, and its area and boundaries may be described as being those of a right an-\ngled triangle, or very nearly so, having 200 miles of\nthe 49th parallel from the Rocky mountains westward\nas a base, a line extending northward from the western\nand of thebasefor 200 miles to the footof MountBrown in\nthe Rocky Mountains, and thence southeasterly along\nthe eastern boundary of the province to the international boundary line, the place of beginning; embrac-\ning a total area of 20,000 square miles or 12,800,000\nacres. In other words, it is a triangular territory of\nwhich the international boundary is the base, the Gold\nRange, the perpendicular, and the Rocky Mountain\nchain, the hypothenuse. The Kootenay District covers a wide area of mineral lands, embracing gold, silver and galena, and in this respect alone, to say nothing of its timber and grazing and arable lands, possesses incalculable undeveloped wealth. The isolation\nof its position, the high price of provisions and difficulty in traveling over it, or of obtaining supplies* for\nprospecting or mining, have hitherto retarded its development, and, in a great measure, rendered it an almost unknown waste. In the absence of any connecting line of transportation between the southern, and\nat the same time most important and extensive portion\nof this district and the C. P. R., it must long remain a\nsparsely settled and comparatively unproductive region.\nThe portions best adapted for agricultural and pastoral\npurposes are the valley of the Kootenay River and\nthat at the headwaters of the Columbia, known as the\nI Lake Country.''' In these two valleys there are many\nthousands of acres of land of the greatest fertility,\nand also a wide expanse of wild hay land, together\nwith innumerable hill-sides and prairies, affording the\nchoicest pasture for stock. In fact the few cattle that\nhave roamed over its ample swards, have thriven in all\nseasons during the past twenty years. Still there are\nyet only a few small herds there, not even enough to\nsupply the wants of its present population. Nothing\nbut the gold quest will induce men to remain long in a\ncountry so isolated, however rich in natural resources.\nIn this age of railways, steamboats, daily mails, newspapers and telegraphs, the average emigrant, who has\ndoubtless been accustomed to live within reasonable\nreach of these advantages, can scarcely be expected to\nforego them all, and to settle permanently in a district\naffording no prospect of their speedy attainment. It\nis therefore apparent that every reasonable encouragement should be given to those proposing to construct\nlines of railway or other means of communication\nwith such localities and thereby render them available\nfor settlement. We often hear a great deal said about\n.enormous land grants to railway corporations, but it\nought also to be borne in .mind that from the time of\nAdam until the advent of the railway these lands never\nyielded a dollar to anyone, and farther, that for every\nacre so granted, at least a hundred, as worthless\nas the one granted had ever been, were made available\nfor settlement, and from nothing thereby increased in\nvalue, not unfrequently to $50 and Si 00 per acre. We\nhave no fear that any such enterprises will fail to receive merited support from the Legislature now in session. The experience of , British Columbia in\nthe lack of railway facilities, has been a sore and\na life-long one, and she cannot now desire to perpetuate\nin the the future what has been her bane in the past.\nWhile unwilling to needlessly alienate any portion of\nthe public domain, yet every proper means will, we are\nconfident, be employed to promote and foster such public enterprises as will enable the province to move on\nin harmony with the progressive spirit of the age.\nTHE INCREASED DEMAND FOR\nLIVE STOCK.\nBritish Columbia's Oppertunity.\nSo great is the demand for meat supplies in the\nneighboring states that even milch cows are being sold\nto the butchers at before unheard of prices and the\nWebfooters, especially, are threatened not only with a\nscarcity of beef, but they will also be compelled to be\ncontent with azure milk or water strait. This morning's Standard contains the following advisory and\ntimely article on the subject of the meat supply of\nthis coast:\nBut a few years ago it was considered throughout\nthe entire leugth of the Pacific Coast that the stock-\nraising capacity of Oregon and Washington Territory\nwas practically inexhaustible and that generations must\nelapse before beef cattle, especially, could b) otherwise\nthan a drug in the market in those vast and well-\nstocked regions. Events of recent occurrence have\nproved the fallacy of this belief and demonstrated\nthe extremely unsubstantial nature of the grounds on\nwhich it rested. An article in the Portland Oregonian\nof a few days ago gives some significent facts, which\nshows in the most pointed manner the utter collapse of\nthe stock raising interest in Oregon. It says that owing to the great immigration that has recently set into\nthat country and the consequent accupation and fencing\nin of the land, stock-raising can no longer be conducted,\non a farge scale, and urges that farmers taking up land\nshould each raise a few head of stock to supply the\nneeds of the country. To support this recommendation it says that from this time forward beef cannot\npossibly be any lower in grice than it is at present, and\nthat on the contrary there if every prospect of a steady\nadvance in price. To illustrate the dearth of beef in\nOregon it states that cattle for the butcher have recently been imported imported into, Portland from San 14\nTHE RESOURCES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nFrancisco. Nor is it Portland alone that the scarcity\nof this staple article of food is keenly felt. It is ex-,\nperienced in an equal degree on Puget Sound. Already\nseveral shipments of beef have been made to the Sound\nand it is said that there is every probability that this\ntrade will become extensive in the future. This is the\ngolden opportunity which British Columbia has long\nbeen waiting for. With hundreds of miles of the\nfinest pasture land in the world still unoccupied, the\nfacilities for raising stock presented by the Province\nare unequalled anywhere else, and, as we have seen,\nthere is a profitable market waiting to take all that\ncan be raised. The climate is of the character best\ncalculated to bridg beef the greatest possible state of\nperfection and at the earliest time. The winters are\nnot sufficiently severe to be detrimental and there is\nno fear that the growth of the animals will ba checked\nby disastrous droughts in summer. Besides beef cattle, one of the staples of the country, horses, are in\ndemand, and will continue so to be for many years to\ncome, in the Northwest, and these might also be profitably raised by the stock-raiser in addition to meat\ncattle. Horses are always wanted for hearding purposes and it is more easy to raise than to purchase\nthem, and, as we have shown, the surplus stock can be\nreadily disposed of on the other side of the mountains\nto the increasing population of the Northwest. To\nthese may be added the most easily-managed and per-\nhads tee most profitable of all stock, sheep. There is\nalways a good' demand for sheep for the butcher within\nthe Province and now that communication with the interior of the Province will shortly be made easy and\ncheap, all the wool produced can be sent out for shipment at this port at such rates as will leave a profitable margin to the grower. These three classes of stock,\ncattle, horses and sheep, can be produced in any desired quantity and with less risk of loss than pertains\nto any other business that we are aware of in any\ncountry, and only a moderate capital is required to\ncommence with. The man who begins with a hundred\nor a hundred and fifty head of stock will, in a few\nyears find himself the possessor of large herds of the\nfinest cattle in the world. And while they are increasing in number they will also increase in value for, as\nwe have shown, the price must increase with the increase of the demand and consequent requirement of\nthe market; we have instanced these three classes of\nstock as they are perhaps the most important and\ntherefore the most desirable subjects for investment,\nbut there are other profitable ways in which agriculturists and others could invest their time, labor and\nmoney, and to which we shall take occasion to refer in\nanother article. In the meantime it is sufficiently evident that the cattle ranges of the neighboring territories are exhausted and that from British Columbia must\ncome the chief beef supply of the future.\nISP3 Subscribe for the Resources of British\nColumbia, to which new and interesting features are\nnow being added.\nTEMPERATURE.\nMay\nJune\t\nJuly\t\nAugust...\nSeptember\nOctober ..\nNovember\nDecember\n1861.\nJanuary ..\nFebruary .\nMarch\t\nThe following abstract is from observations taken\non board H. M. S. Topaze, at Esquimalt, Vancouver\nIsland, during the year 1860, and will serve to indicate\nnearly the ordinary conditions of the climate in Victoria and its environs:\ni860. Deg-\nAnril Mean daily heat, 51.50 Fahrenheit.\nM\u00C2\u00BB.v /.'....:'\u00E2\u0096\u00A0.....' \" \" \" 55.25\n\" 61.00 \"\n\u00C2\u00AB \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \" 60.50 \"\n............!!! \" 1 \" 63.25 \"\n\" I \" 57.25 \"\n\u00C2\u00AB \u00C2\u00AB << 53.00 \"\nI \" 50.50\n...\"'.... \" \" \" 42.00 \"\nDeg.\n\" \u00C2\u00BB \" 38.00 \"\n. \" \" \" 44.50\n \" \" \" 46.00 \"\nMean heat of the year, 51.81\nThe subjoined memoranda is taken from a recent\nissue of the Colonist newspaper of Victoria:\n1882. 1881.\nVictoria :\u00E2\u0080\u0094Mean temperature of month December, 42. \u00C2\u00B0 40. \u00C2\u00B0 05\nHighest \" \" I 53.\u00C2\u00B0 58.\u00C2\u00B0\nLowest \" \" \" 22.\u00C2\u00B0 24.\u00C2\u00B0\nRainfall in inches, \" \" 5.37 6.13\nRainfall total for 1882, inches 27.85\n\" 1881, \" 37.99\nThe following is supplied by Mr. A. Peele, of New\nWesminster, who has for some years been assiduously\nobservant of the meteorology of that locality:\nMean temperature and rainfall at New Westminster, B. C, for six years, from 1874 to 1879.\nMean temperature Fahrenheit 48.05\nHighest I \" 92.\nLowest \" \" 7.\nMean rain-fall, inches 58.95\n\" height of Barometer, inches 29.993\nNEW LINE OF OCEAN STEAMERS.\nInformation recently received conveys the intelligence that at Hongkong a steam service between that\nport and the northwestern ports of the Pacific coast\nhas been arranged. A steamer of 2,000 tons is already\non the way. The steamer C. T. Hook, which arrived here\nlast fall from Hongkong with merchandise and Coolies\nand took back a cargo of coal, was the first steamer of the\nnew service. On the return of that steamer to the home\nport the advisability of establishing a line of steamers\nwas considered, and it was finally concluded to inaugurate a new route by the sailing of monthly steamers.\nThe route has been considerably changed from that originally contemplated, with the object of securing\navailable return freights. So much of the course as\napplied to the direct route from Hongkong to Victoria\nhas been recently altered so as to embrace Portland on\nthe return voyage, thence to San Francisco, where\nChinese wishing to visit their country would be taken\nback, and those coming from China and having proper\ncertificates would be landed at that port. The vessel\nwould then visit the Sandwich Islands, making Honu-\nlulu her last outside stopping place, and then sailing\nfor Hongkong. The steamers which will be engaged\nin this lineJbelong to or are controlled by the firm of\nHoward & Co., Hongkong. THE RESOURCES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.\n15\nTHE TEMPTER.\nThere went a boy from the parent fold\nTo learn the manner of earning gold.\nHe held his tears, and the rising sigh\nWhen his mother's lips caught his warm \"Goodbye.'\nThe world he met with ingenuous eyes\nAs soft and clear as cerulean skies.\nHis ruby lips and his cheeks^-why these\nWere like the blossom of apple trees.\nHis breath was sweet as the smell of morn,\nWheu zephyrs rustle the.changing corn.\nWith earnest heart and untainted soul\nThe lists he entered for mammon's gaol.\nAnd at the \" Mart\" for many days\nHe trod the city's devious ways.\nAnd tempters many, with smiles demure,\nSought to disflower a bud so pure.\nThey strove in vain, for the parent stem.\nHad grafted virtue too firm for them.\nBut another tempter came, alas!\nAnd touched his lips with the ruby glass.\nThen shone his eyes with a wilder ray,\nAnd morning brought but the dread of day.\nThis first wrong-doing he strove to check,\nBut drank again at the tempter's beck.\nAnd time rolled on, but it found him still\nA captive bound at the tempter's will.\nAnd his ruddy lips soon-lost their hue,\nAnd his fair young face all haggard grew.\nYet close to the whisky fiend he kept,\nAnd his father prayed, his mother wept.\nAnd, when this Spirit from nether hell\nHad served his horrible purpose well,\nHe held the glass at his parting breath,\nThen gave him up to his crony, death.\nCLIMATE AND ITS INFLUENCES.\nNothing can be a more valuable boon to any\ncountry under the skies than the possession of an equable and genial climate which will ensure that the products of the earth by which men live will be brought\nto maturity and harvested in due season. In various\nparts of the earth during the past few years very unfortunate climatic conditions have been prevalent to\nthe great detriment of the farming interests. A great\npart of the most fertile regions of the continent of\nEurope has suffered from floods. This year there is\nlittle prospect that the harvest in England and Ireland\nwill pay expenses owing to persistent rains. In Australia and Cape Colony prolonged droughts have prevented vegetation and caused a failure in the crops of\nwheat and other cereals. At the present time of writing it is reported that the weather on the eastern\nshore of the continent of America and in England is\nexcessively severe, as much so as to render the operations of the agriculturist impossible. Farming cannot\nbe carried on and consequently the result will be that\nthere will be little or no crop to reap. A -very gratifying and satisfactory contrast is presented by the cli\nmate of this province. To-day the air is as balmy and\nmild as is usual in May. The ground is fit for cultivation and there neither has been excessive frost nor\nan overabundance of rain. This is by no means unusual in this province, the climate being uniformly genial and there being no such thing known as a failure\nof crops from inclement weather if ordinary care is\nused. But the present agreeable weather is worthy of\nremark in view of the very different condition of affairs prevalent elsewhere. Here genial spring is in\nfull perfection, there it is still the depth of winter with all its accompanying disadvantages.\u00E2\u0080\u0094Standard, 16th ult., Victoria, B. C.\nTHE\nMONETARY AND COMMERCIAL CAPITAL OF THE WORLD.\nLondon is at present made up of an aggregation\nof cities having at least a score of governing bodies-\nThe reform legislation which parliament is to enact will\ndo away with all this and make one grand municipality,\nwhich will include the old city of London with a present population of 500,000, together with 23 civil parishes, 15 board of works districts, and a large number\nof other queer little districts which at present have\nseparate existence. The new London will have a\npopulation of 4,764,312, equal to the combined population of the cities of New York, Boston, Philadelphia,\nProvidence, Brooklyn, Chicago, New Orleans, Cincinnati, St. Louis and Baltimore, or, to put it by states, a\npopulation as great as the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut and Minnesota. The annual revenue of the new city\nwill be almost equal to that of Belgium and twice as\nmuch as that of the Dominion of Canada a few years\nago. It will start out with a debt only five times\ngreater than that of the city of Boston, and but $20,-\n000,000 in excess of that of New York city. The debt;\nper capita, of the new London will be about $28, while\nit is nearly $75 in Boston and not far from $100 in\nNew York. The new city of London will\" be, from\nevery point of view, the chief municipality of the\nworld, and it will be very many years before it will\nhave a successful rival in the matter of population,\nwealth or influence.\nBank of British Columbia.\nThe general meeting of the proprietors of this\nbank was held at the City Terminus Hotel, London, on\nthe 6th March. The report shows that the net profits\nfor the half year were $25,000 in excess of the profits\nof the preceding half year. The paid up capital is\n$1,730,000; reserve fund, $220,000. A dividend at the\nrate of six per cent, per annum with one per cent,\nbonus added, clear of income tax, was declared. The\nreport has created a most favorable impression; 20\nshares fully paid up are quoted at \u00C2\u00A322 10s. to \u00C2\u00A323\u00E2\u0080\u0094a\npremium of about 11\u00C2\u00A3 per cent.; \u00C2\u00A320 shares, \u00C2\u00A310 paid\nup, rule at from \u00C2\u00A311 to \u00C2\u00A312. 16\nTHE RESOURCES OP BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nFAMILY MARKET REPORT.\nOffice of thh Resources of British Columbia, )\nMonday, April 2, 1883. J\nRETAIL PRICES CURRENT.\nBUTTER\u00E2\u0080\u0094Choice Island, 50c $ tb; Island\nRoll, 624c; New Grass, Ca) , 75c $\nroll.\nCHEESE\u00E2\u0080\u0094Canadian, 30c \u00C2\u00A5 lb; California,\n25c; Eastern Cream, 30c; B. C, 25c;\nStilton, 374c.\nEGGS\u00E2\u0080\u0094Fresh Island, 37c $ doz; S .und,\n25c.\nCORNMEAL\u00E2\u0080\u009450c $ sack of 10 lbs.\nOATMEAL\u00E2\u0080\u0094624c $ sack of 10 lbs.\nFLOUR\u00E2\u0080\u0094Extra, $7 50 $ bbl; $2 $ sack;\nSuperfine, $5 75 ty bbl.\nWHEAT -24@2f c $ lb.\nBEANS\u00E2\u0080\u0094Lima, 8c f lb; Small White and\nBayou, 6c \u00C2\u00A5 lb.\nSPLIT PEAS\u00E2\u0080\u009412\u00C2\u00A3c $ lb.\nVEGETABLES\u00E2\u0080\u0094Potatoes, l\u00C2\u00A3c $ lb; Shallots, 5c; Onions, 3c $ ft; Celery, 374c\n$ doz; Carrots, ljc $ lb; Rhubarb,\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094c $ tb; Lettuce, \u00E2\u0080\u0094c $ doz; Cauliflower, 60c @ 25c $ lozen; Radishes, \u00E2\u0080\u0094c \u00C2\u00A5 doz bunches; Squash,\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094ceach; Turnips, 25c $ doz bundles;\nGreen Peas, \u00E2\u0080\u0094c \u00C2\u00A5 ft; String Beans,\n\u00E2\u0080\u0094e $ lb; Cucumbers, \u00E2\u0080\u0094 c $ doz; Cabbage, 2c $ lb; Tomatoes, \u00E2\u0080\u0094c $ tb;\nGreen Ochra, \u00E2\u0080\u0094c $ ft; Chili Pepper,\n25c "Other Copies: http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/317258860"@en . "Periodicals"@en . "spam499A"@en . "I-0635-V01-02"@en . "10.14288/1.0221876"@en . "English"@en . "Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library"@en . "Victoria : Munroe Miller"@en . "Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy, or otherwise distribute these images please contact digital.initiatives@ubc.ca."@en . "Original Format: University of British Columbia. Library. Rare Books and Special Collections. spam499A"@en . "Natural resources--British Columbia--Periodicals"@en . "British Columbia--Industries--Periodicals"@en . "British Columbia--Economic conditions--1871-1918--Periodicals"@en . "The resources of British Columbia. Volume I, no. 2"@en . "Text"@en .