"Arts, Faculty of"@en . "Philosophy, Department of"@en . "DSpace"@en . "UBCV"@en . "Watson, Charles Caithness"@en . "2011-10-31T21:46:44Z"@en . "1936"@en . "Master of Arts - MA"@en . "University of British Columbia"@en . "[No abstract available]"@en . "https://circle.library.ubc.ca/rest/handle/2429/38501?expand=metadata"@en . "STUDENT GOVERNMENT. by C h a r l e s C a i t h n e s s Watson. A T h e s i s s u b m i t t e d f o r t h e Degree o f .MASTER OP ' ARTS i n t h e Department o f PHILOSOPHY THE UNIVERSITY OP BRITISH COLUMBIA O c t o b e r , 1936. STUDENT GOVERNMENT. C o n t e n t s . page Ch. I . The Scope o f t h e P r o b l e m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1--4 Ch. I I . G e n e r a l Development o f t h e C h i l d . . . . . . . . 5-14 P h y s i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 M e n t a l d e v e l o p m e n t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 I n t e r e s t s o f y o u t h 12 Summary., 14 Ch. I I I . C h a r a c t e r and P e r s o n a l i t y . 15-25 C h a r a c t e r , p e r s o n a l i t y and s t u d e n t government.......... 15 C h a r a c t e r d e f i n e d . 16 P e r s o n a l i t y d e f i n e d . 16 The f o u r p h a s e s o f c h a r a c t e r . . . . . . 17 Will.. 21 O b j e c t i v e s o f c h a r a c t e r e d u c a t i o n . 22 Ch. IV. G e n e r a l D i s c u s s i o n o f S t u d e n t Government. 26-39 A b r i e f h i s t o r y o f t h e movement.... 27 Alms and p u r p o s e s o f s t u d e n t g o v e r n -( ment...... 29 K i n d s o f s t u d e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n I n f o r m a l t y p e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 S p e c i f i c t y p e . . . . 34 Si m p l e c o u n c i l t y p e . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Complex c o u n c i l t y p e 36 S c h o o l - c i t y t y p e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36 Causes o f f a i l u r e o f some e x p e r i m e n t s 3 7 a. i C o n t e n t s c o n t ' d . Page Y. A S e v e n Y e a r ' s e x p e r i m e n t , The p e r i o d o f P r e p a r a t i o n a n d T r a n s i t i o n . ...\u00E2\u0080\u009E..,,... 40-63, The s c h o o l , . . . . . . . .......... 40. d i e P r i n c i p a l ' s a t t i t u d e a n d p o l i c y . . 4 1 . The home- room and c l a s s o r g a n i z a t i o n . 41&42. The \" s p e c i a l c o m m i t t e e \" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 The g r o w t h o f t h e s t u d e n t c o u n c i l . . . 50. The s c h o o l s e r v i c e c l u b . . . . . . . . . . . 50 The g r a d e s ' c o u n c i l . . 52. The e x e c u t i v e a n d l e g i s l a t i v e c o u n c i l s . . . . . . . . . 55 The a d o p t i o n o f a c o n s t i t u t i o n . . . . 57 The n e e d f o r r e o r g a n i z a t i o n . . . . . . . 59, T h r e e g r a d e ' c o u n c i l s . 6 1 . The s c h o o l e x e c n t i v e . \u00E2\u0080\u00A2.. 62, D i s c u s s i o n as a g u i d e t o change * , . ; \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 62 The e v o l u t i o n o f t h e m o n i t o r d e p a r t m e n t , 65 71. The P r e s e n t C o n s t ! t a t i o n . 69-88. . The c l a s s c o u n c i l 69 Gr a d e e l e c t i o n s .-70 The n o m i n a t i n g : c o m m i t t e e . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 The e l e c t i o n c a m p a i g n . 74 The p o s t e r c o m m i t t e e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 The e l e c t i o n 'assembly. 7,. . 75 The i n a u g u r a t i o n c e r e m o n y . . . 78 The g r a d e c o u n c i l . 79 The s c h o o l e x e c u t i v e c o u n c i l . 80 The a d v i s o r y c o u n c i l . . . . . . \" 31 The s c h o o l t r e a s u r e r , . . . 82 S t u d e n t c o n t a c t w i t h t h e g o v e r n i n g body,. 82 O t h e r s y s t e m s compared w i t h t h a t o f ' P o i n t G r e y . . . . . . . . 85 Some d i s a d v a n t a g e s o f t h e p r e s e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n . . . . . 85 C o n t e n t s c o n t ' d . page Oil. T H . A c t i v i t i e s o f t h e S t u d e n t C o u n c i l . . . . 89-110 C o u n c i l r o u t i n e , ......... , . Q9 D i r e c t s t u d e n t p a r t i c i p a t i o n . . . . . . 32 The l o s t - a n d - f o i i n c l department.. . 33 A s s e m b l i e s . 95 Noon-hour c o n c e r t s . 99 S o l i o o l G l u t s * . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 100 The s c h o o l and t h e coiui-runity. . . , 101 I n d i r e c t s t u d e n t p a r t i c i p a t i o n . . , . , , . 104 The c o u n c i l f e e and i t s ' u s e s . . . . 105 S c h o o l p u b l i c a t i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107 The g r o w t h o f ' s c h o o l t r a d i t i o n . . 109 S u s E i a r y . 110 Oh. V I I I . k S t u d y o f a R e c e n t E l e c t i o n . . . . . . . . .111-118 The e x t e n t of . p a r t i c i p a t i o n b y g r a d e s - 111 C a m p a i g n i n g p o l i c y . 1 1 4 F a c t o r s t e n d i n g to. I n f l u e n c e an e l e c t i o n , . 115 Oh. LX. Some A c c o m p l i s h m e n t s o f t h e E x p e r i m e n t . 119-130 O p i n i o n s o f s p o n s o r s , 119 O p i n i o n s o f s c h o o l o f f i c i a l s . ...... 119 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 O p i n i o n s o f s t u d e n t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IBS Summary a n d c o n c l u s i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 G l i J - o u U A l i j . LU. c i cOiU jJAd U B S . T i g . 1. C h r o n o l o g i c a l - l i v i s i o n s o f a human l i f e , . , , 0 ? I g . 2. Onset of. p u b e r t y f o r b o y s said f o r g i r l s . , . t o f a c e p a g e . . . . 6 F i g , 5, Growth i n h e i g h t . t o . f a c e . p a g e . 7 P i - . G r o w t h i n v/eight , t o f a c e page 7 F i g . 5. P e r c e n t a g e o f i n c r e a s e i n h e i g h t and v/eight to f a c e p a g e . . . 7 P i g . 6. G r o w t h i n v/eight o f l u n g s , L i d n e y s and l i v e r . . . . . t o f a c e page 8 \" F i g . 7. Growth e n r r e s f o r v a r i o u s b o d i l y o r g a n s as compared, w i t h a d u l t w e i g h t . . . , , . . t o f a c e page 8 P i g . 8. F i r s t c l u b s i n t h e P o i n t G r e y - J u n i o r \" H i g h S c h o o l , 1929.,. 45 P i g . 9 . \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 S c h o o l c l u b s i n t h e P o i n t G r e y J u n i o r H i g h S c h o o l , 1955., 46 ? i g . 10, S t u l e n I o r g a n i s a t i o n i n l o i x i t G r e y , 1929 49 P i g . 1 1 . S t u d e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n i n l o i n t G r e y , s g r l n g 1930...., ....... ...... 51 F i g . 12. S t u d e n t o r g a n i s a t i o n i n P o i n t C-ieyg f a l l 1950.. to f a c e pome,.... 55 F i g . 13, S t u d e n t o r g a n i ^ a t I o n i n I-oini; G r e y , 1931-1932 , ... t o f a c e page 55 I'Ig. 14. The d i s t r i b u t i n g 0 f r e p r e s e n t a t i o n , 1931-1932.60 I l i j . 15. S t u d e n I' o i g a n i z a t i c n i i n r o i n t Grej\", s p r i n g 1 9 3 5 . . . . t o f a c e p age... 62 F i g . 16. A sa m p l e b a l l o t 77 P i g . 17. The c l a s s r e c o r d s h e e t . , t o f a c e p a g e . . . 78 P i g . 18. The g r a d e summary s h e e t . . . . t o f a c e p a g e , 78 P i g . 19. S t u d e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n , S e p t e m b e r 1935 t o f a c e p a g e . 82 -Ti-l l * .List o f . f i g u r e s a n a p l a t e s c o n t i n u e d . F i g . 20. N o t i c e o f c o u n c i l m e e t i n g 32 Fi g * . 21. A c o u n c i l book n o t i c e , 106 F i g . 22. Nominating' c o m m i t t e e T s r e c o r d s h e e t . 112 F i g . 25. The i n c r e a s e i n p a r t i c i p a t i o n b y g r a d e s . 112 F i g . \u00C2\u00A3 4 . The e f f e c t of sex i n a n e l e c t i o n , by g r a d e s . . . , 11.7 F i g . \u00C2\u00A3 5 . P u r p o s e s o f s t u d e n t government a r r a n g e d i n o r d e r o f i m p o r t a n c e a c c o r d i n g t o s t u d e n t o p i n i o n . t o f a c e page. 124 P l a t e I . The P o i n t Grey J u n i o r H i g h S c h o o l . . F r o n t i s p i e c * P l a t e I I . The t y p e o f p o s t e r s 'and e l e c t i o n c a r d s u s e d i n P o i n t G r e y J u n i o r H i g h S c h o o l . 114 . P l a t e \" I I I . C a n d i d a t e s f o r o f f i c e i n t h e g r a d e s e v e n c o u n c i l , . ....... 115 P l a t e IY. C a n d i d a t e s f o r o f f i c e i n t h e g r a d e e i g h t c o u n c i l . . , 115 P l a t e V. C a n d i d a t e s , f o r o f f i c e i n t h e g r a d e n i n e c o u n c i l s . . . . . i . . . . . . . . . . 116 STUDENT GOVERNMENT. CHAPTER I . The Scope o f t h e P r o b l e m . F o l l o w i n g t h e e d u c a t i o n a l p r e c e p t , \"Vtfe l e a r n b y d o i n g \" , t h e o r i s t s have l o n g s i n c e a g r e e d t h a t t h e s o c i a l v i r t u e s w h i c h a r e so e s s e n t i a l t o r i g h t c o n d u c t a r e d e v e l o p e d , n o t b y t e a c h i n g b u t by l i v i n g . I n an e x p e r i m e n t s e t up i n P o i n t Grey J u n i o r H i g h S c h o o l , t h i s t h e o r e t i c a l p r e m i s e was t r a n s l a t e d i n t o p r a c t i c a l s i t u a t i o n s i n an e n d e a v o u r t o d e t e r m i n e t h e v a l u e o f s t u d e n t government as. a s o c i a l i z i n g f a c t o r i n t h e l i f e o f t h e m a t u r i n g c h i l d . S u ch a c h i l d i s p a s s i n g t h r o u g h a p e r i o d o f t r a n s i t i o n d u r i n g w h i c h 'the b a r b a r i a n o f c h i l d h o o d ' becomes the ' s o c i a l a d u l t o f m a t u r i t y ' ; a p e r i o d d u r i n g w h i c h y o u t h becomes a d a p t e d t o t h e n o n - m a t e r i a l r e s o u r c e s o f t h e r a c e , t h e s o c i a l h e r i t a g e . I t i s t r u e t h a t t h i s a d a p t a t i o n b e g i n s e a r l i e r i n l i f e , b u t t h e 'teen-age c h i l d u n d o u b t e d l y e x p e r i e n c e s a s o c i a l development much g r e a t e r t h a n a t any o t h e r p e r i o d i n h i s l i f e . I t I s b e l i e v e d by t h e s p o n s o r s o f t h i s p r o j e c t t h a t s t u d e n t government and i t s many r a m i f i c a t i o n s a i d y o u t h t o make t h i s t r a n s i t i o n f r o m - c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f s e l f t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f t h e group i n a more g r a d u a l and e f f e c t i v e manner. Too o f t e n i n e d u c a t i o n , s u b j e c t m a t t e r i s s t r e s s e d and t h e development o f t h e c h i l d h i m s e l f i s o v e r l o o k e d . To o b t a i n a p r o p e r t e a c h i n g p e r s p e c t i v e , i t i s i m p e r a t i v e t o u n d e r s t a n d the g r o w t h o f c h a r a c t e r , and p e r s o n a l i t y , and t h e p h y s i c a l , m e n t a l and s o c i a l changes o f c h i l d h o o d . F i n a l l y , I f s t u d e n t - 2 -government i s t o be j u s t i f i e d by i t s e d u c a t i o n a l and s o c i a l i z i n g v a l u e s , i t i s necessar3?\" t o d e t e r m i n e how t h i s phase o f e d u c a t i o n a i d s i n t h e development o f t h e s e d e s i r a b l e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s . In r e c e n t y e a r s t h e r e has been renewed i n t e r e s t i n 'democracy i n \" e d u c a t i o n ' b e c a u s e o f t h e g e n e r a l a c c e p t a n c e of t h e p h i l o s o p h y o f e d u c a t i o n w h i c h e m p h a s i z e s t h e i n t e r - r e l a t i o n s h i p o f l i f e -e x p e r i e n c e s I n t h e s c h o o l a n d i n t h e community, and t h e r e has been a g e n e r a l awakening i n t h e p e o p l e o f a s o c i a l - g r o u p c o n s c i o u s n e s s Yfiiieh s t r e s s e s t h e w e l f a r e o f a l l . In an endeav o u r to s a t i s f y t h i s s o c i a l d e s i r e , e d u c a t i o n i s t s have p r o v i d e d i n an i n c r e a s i n g d e g r e e , l i f e - l i k e a c t i v i t i e s and s i t u a t i o n s w i t h i n e d u c a t i o n a l i n s t i t u t i o n s . S i n c e t h e s c h o o l h a s become a- \" s c h o o l community\", the e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f new forms o f o r g a n i -z a t i o n i n v o l v i n g more d e m o c r a t i c a d m i n i s t r a t i o n has become n e c e s s a r y . One s u c h change i s t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f s t u d e n t p a r -t i c i p a t i o n i n s c h o o l government i n t h e s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s . The e x p e r i m e n t w h i c h Is to b e d i s c u s s e d was e n t e r e d upon w i t h a l l due c a u t i o n . In t h e b e g i n n i n g , s t u d e n t p a r t i c i -p a t i o n i n s c h o o l government was v e r y l i m i t e d , emphasis b e i n g p l a c e d a l m o s t e n t i r e l y on t h e p r i n c i p a l and s t a f f . As t h e d e s i r e on the p a r t o f the s t u d e n t s f o r i n c r e a s e d p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n s c h o o l a f f a i r s became e v i d e n t , t h e i r f i e l d of e x p e r i e n c e was g r a d u a l l y b r o a d e n e d and t h e s y s t e i a o f o r g a n i z a t i o n e v o l v e d to meet the e v e r - c h a n g i n g n e e d s . Today, i n t h i s p a r t i c u l a r s c h o o l , t h e r e e x i s t s b etween p r i n c i p a l , s t a f f and s t u d e n t s , a f i r m l y - e s t a b l i s h e d s p i r i t o f c o o p e r a t i o n . The c i r c u r n s t a n e e s s u r r o u n d i n g t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n of t h e P o i n t Grey J u n i o r H i g h S c h o o l were p a r t i c u l a r l y f a v o u r a b l e and p r o b a b l y a i d e d i n t h e s u c c e s s of t h e e x p e r i m e n t . B e f o r e t h i s s c h o o l was b u i l t , the d i s t r i c t was s e r v e d b y n i n e elemen-t a r y s c h o o l s c o n t a i n i n g p u p i l s o f g r a d e s one to e i g h t i n c l u s i v e . 'With the i n t r o d u c t i o n o f t h e j u n i o r h i g h s c h o o l and t h e \"s i x - 1 h r e e-1hree , T system, t h e p u p i l s o f g r a d e s seven and e i g h t t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e t e a c h e r s o f t h e s e u p p e r g r a d e s , were w i t h d r a w n f r o m t h e e l e m e n t a r y s c h o o l s and p l a c e d i n t h e new s c h o o l . Grade n i n e p u p i l s r e m a i n e d t e m p o r a r i l y i n t h e s e n i o r h i g h s c h o o l s . A l l o f t h e t e a c h e r s , who were t h u s t r a n s f e r r e d , twenty-men and t w e n t y - s e v e n women, had had many y e a r s o f t e a c h i n g e x p e r i e n c e . I n c l u d e d i n t h i s g r o u p were n i n e male v i c e -p r i n c i p a l s who, i n l i e u o f t h e i r p o s i t i o n s , had been r e c e i v i n g t r a i n i n g i n s c h o o l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , and t h r e e women who had been \" G i r l s * C o u n s e l l o r s \" . These t w e l v e t e a c h e r s , t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e P r i n c i p a l and t h e V i c e - p r i n e i p a l , were p a r t i c u l a r l y a l i v e t o t h e p r o b l e m s w h i c h w o u l d p r o b a b l y a r i s e . The P r i n c i p a l o f the new s c h o o l was a S e n i o r H i g h S c h o o l man o f a v e r y d e m o c r a t i c frame o f mind. H i s c a p a b i l i t i e s i n o r g a n i z a t i o n and a d m i n i s t r a t i o n have been r e c e n t l y f u r t h e r r e c o g n i z e d by h i s a p p o i n t m e n t to t h e o f f i c e o f S u p e r i n t e n d e n t , o f C i t y S c h o o l s , h i s a s s i s t a n t b e i n g s u b s e q u e n t l y promoted t o s u c c e e d h i m as p r i n c i p a l . I t i s to be e x p e c t e d 'that w i t h s u e h a s t a f f , t h e s c h o o l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n would embark on a p r o g r e s s i v e programme o f o r g a n i z a t i o n w h i c h , i n t h e c o u r s e o f e v e n t s must i n c l u d e s t u d e n t government. I t i s t o be a n t i c i p a t e d a l s o t h a t a programme o f t h i s n a t u r e once h a v i n g b e e n l a u n c h e d w o u l d have - 4 -e x c e p t i o n a l p r o b a b i l i t i e s o f s u c c e s s . I n c l u d e d i n t h i s r e p o r t i s a g e n e r a l d i s c u s s i o n o f s t u d e n t government w h i c h wi11 s e r v e as a b a c k g r o u n d f o r a d e s c r i p t i o n o f a f i e l d e x p e r i m e n t . The e x p l a n a t i o n o f t h e e x p e r i m e n t , i t s e l f , f a l l s i n t o t h r e e s e c t i o n s , (a) t h e p e r i o d o f p r e p a r a t i o n s , (b) the p r e s e n t system, and ( c ) t h e a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e o p i n i o n s o f s p o n s o r s , o f s c h o o l o f f i c i a l s a n d of t h e g e n e r a l p u b l i c , t o g e t h e r w i t h s t a t i s t i c a l e v i d e n c e o b t a i n e d f r o m a q u e s t i o n n a i r e s u b m i t t e d t o t h e s e n i o r s t u d e n t s o f t h e s c h o o l , have been appended. D u r i n g r e c e n t y e a r s c e r t a i n o t h e r s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s i n t h e c i t y s y s t e m have e s t a b l i s h e d s t u d e n t government and have a d o p t e d c o n s t i t u t i o n s . I n most c a s e s t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n d i f f e r s f r o m t h e one used i n t h e s c h o o l u n d e r d i s c u s s i o n due to v a r y i n g l o c a l c o n d i t i o n s . However, t h e b r o a d , b a s i c p r i n c i p l e s o f s t u d e n t p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n s c h o o l government a r e g r a d u a l l y b e i n g a d o p t e d , p a r t l y b e c a u s e o f o b s e r v a t i o n s made by a d m i n i s t r a t o r s o f o t h e r s c h o o l s , and p a r t l y t h r o u g h s t a f f t r a n s f e r s , f o r i n s t a n c e some o f t h e o r i g i n a l v i c e - p r i n c i p a l s have s i n c e been promoted t o p r i n c i p a l s h i p s . A l t h o u g h s t u d e n t p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n s c h o o l government i s o f l i m i t e d scope i n t h e e l e m e n t a r y s c h o o l s , t h e i d e a o f democracy i n s c h o o l a d m i n i s -t r a t i o n i s g r a d u a l l y becoming e s t a b l i s h e d and shows d e f i n i t e r e s u l t s i n t h e s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s . CHAPTER I I . G e n e r a l Development o f t h e C h i l d . The o h a r t r e p r o d u c e d i n f i g u r e 1 . i l l u s t r a t e s t h e p o p u l a r c o n c e p t i o n o f l i f e d i v i d e d i n t o many s e c t i o n s a c c o r d i n g t o c h r o n o l o g i c a l a ge. S u c h a c h a r t i s s u g g e s t i v e o n l y and s h o u l d n o t he too c l o s e l y f o l l o w e d b e c a u s e i t must be b o r n i n mind t h a t no s t a g e o f human l i f e i s d e c i d e d l y d i s t i n c t and s e p a r a t e ; t h a t t h e t r a n s i t i o n f r o m one p e r i o d t o t h e n e x t i s a g r a d u a l p r o c e s s sometimes r e q u i r i n g y e a r s , a n d t h a t t h e r e i s r e l a t i v e l y c o n t i n u o u s g r o w th and d e v e l o p m e n t . . Inlja n c y . . ; . . . . . . U...Pr<2.~ \u00C2\u00A3>cloool o.5 zsi ss 4.-.I. I&7 C7 7 / To J^cce po-^i 7-2. ^d^pl^di J ^ \u00E2\u0084\u00A2 , B o . l a \u00C2\u00AB \u00C2\u00BB o , B .T . /TV P h y * i c \u00C2\u00AB A ^ ct ,Udr\u00C2\u00AB n ' , ' p \u00C2\u00AB * * s 6* 7V-. 3. cto-pV** ^r.w, B \u00C2\u00AB \u00C2\u00BB . \ A U M \u00E2\u0080\u009E , b.T.,\"Tbt P V > y s . ; t \u00C2\u00AB ( dr0~rtr> CV ,nar\u00C2\u00AB.o\" po.ptS.fe3 75. a c q u a i n t e d w i t h t h e n o r m a l development \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 o f t h a t p e r i o d , t h a t t h e y may r e c o g n i z e d e v i a t i o n s f r o m t h e n o r m a l and may be b e t t e r e q u i p p e d to g u i d e s u c h c h i l d r e n d u r i n g t h e y e a r s o f m a t u r a t i o n * H e i g h t and W e i g h t . In an endeavour to answer t h e q u e s t i o n , \"Do boys and g i r l s grow more between t h e ages o f 7 and 12 y e a r s o r between t h e a g e s o f 12 and 17 y e a r s ? \" , B a l d w i n made an e x t e n s i v e 5 i n v e s t i g a t i o n t h e r e s u l t s of w h i c h were p u b l i s h e d i n 1921. She g r a p h s i n f i g u r e s 3 and 4 and t h e p e r c e n t a g e s i n f i g u r e 5 answer t h i s q u e s t i o n i n a g e n e r a l way. A c c o r d i n g t o t h e s e f i n d i n g s , t h e i n c r e a s e i n t h e h e i g h t o f b o y s i s g r e a t e r d u r i n g t h e ' t e e n s t h a n d u r i n g t h e e a r l i e r p e r i o d w h i l e f o r g i r l s the i n c r e a s e i n h e i g h t i s n o t so g r e a t d u r i n g t h e l a t t e r p e r i o d . W i t h r e g a r d to weight,' t h e i n c r e a s e f r o m 12 to 17 y e a r s a p p e a r s to be d e c i d e d l y marked, b e i n g 104$ f o r boys and 78 % f o r g i r l s as compared w i t h 55% and 6 7 % r e s p e c t i v e l y f o r t h e p r e v i o u s p e r i o d . These d a t a i n d i c a t e t h a t a l t h o u g h t h e r e i s a f a i r l y e ven s p r e a d i n t h e i n c r e a s e i n b o t h h e i g h t and w e i g h t , th e m a t u r i n g c h i l d i n c r e a s e s r a p i d l y - i n t h e s e two a s p e c t s o f p h y s i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t . S i n c e t h e l a t e n i n e t e e n t h c e n t u r y , b e g i n n i n g p r o b a b l y w i t h Warner's s t u d y i n 1890, i n v e s t i g a t o r s have a t t e m p t e d t o e s t a b l i s h w h e t h e r or n o t t h e r e i s a n y c o r r e l a t i o n between p h y s i c a l development and I n t e l l i g e n c e . I n s u m m a r i z i n g . t h e 5 . B a l d w i n , B.T., \"The P h y s i c a l Growth o f C h i l d r e n Prom B i r t h t o M a t u r i t y \" , - 8 -work t h a t has b een done i n t h i s f i e l d , B r o o k s l i s t s t h e r e s u l t s o f t w e n t y - s e v e n i n v e s t i g a t i o n s as r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s t u d i e s o f t h e r e l a t i o n between p h y s i c a l a n d m e n t a l t r a i t s . I n t h o s e l i s t e d , t h e c o r r e l a t i o n s a r e a s f o l l o w s ; - n i n e t e e n e i t h e r show o r c l a i m a s l i g h t . p o s i t i v e c o r r e l a t i o n , t h r e e r e c o r d z e r o , and f i v e r e g i s t e r n e g a t i v e c o r r e l a t 1 ons. J u d g i n g f r o m t h e a v a i l a b l e d a t a , i t i s p r o b a b l y s a f e t o assume t h a t , i n g e n e r a l , t h e r e i s a s l i g h t p o s i t i v e c o r r e l a t i o n between p h y s i c a l and m e n t a l t r a i t s . She t a l l p e r s o n a p p e a r s to be s l i g h t l y more i n t e l l i g e n t t h an t h e s h o r t p e r s o n , and t h e p e r s o n o f w e l l d e v e l o p e d p h y s i q u e i s a l i t t l e b r i g h t e r m e n t a l l y t h a n t h e p e r s o n who i s p h y s i c a l l y r e t a r d e d . B o d i l y O r g a n s . The i n c r e a s e i n w e i g h t a n d h e i g h t i s a c c o m p a n i e d by development o f the b o d i l y o r g a n s w h i c h , a c c o r d i n g t o a v a i l a b l e d a t a , i s v e r y i r r e g u l a r . F i g u r e 6 i l l u s t r a t e s t h i s i r r e g u l a r i t y , w h i l e f i g u r e 7 c o r r e l a t e s g r o w t h w i t h apprco-cimation to a d u l t w e i g h t . 6, B r o o k s , F. D., \" P s y c h o l o g y o f A d o l e s c e n c e \" , p. H e a l t h . The i r r e g u l a r development of t h e \"bodily o r g a n s i s p r o b a b l y a c o n t r i b u t i n g cause o f t h e \" i n d i f f e r e n t \" h e a l t h o f t h e c h i l d d u r i n g t h e s e y e a r s o f m a t u r a t i o n . T h i s u n e q u a l , a n d r a p i d g r o w t h i s f r e q u e n t l y accompanied by \"growing p a i n s \" and i n t e s t i n a l d i s o r d e r s . The m a t u r i n g c h i l d has a v o r a c i o u s a p p e t i t e , r e q u i r i n g a p p r o x i m a t e l y t w o - t h i r d s a s much f o o d a s the grown man employed a t h a r d l a b o u r . T h i s q u a n t i t y o f n o u r i s h m e n t p l a c e s a s t r a i n upon t h e immature d i g e s t i v e s y s t e m w h i c h may l e a d t o s p e c i f i c d i s o r d e r s . The i n c r e a s e i n g r o w t h c a l l s f o r v i o l e n t a c t i v i t y o f the. body. As a r e s u l t t t h e boy i n h i s r t e e n s i s i n c l i n e d t o o v e r d o a t h l e t i c s and f r e q u e n t l y p l a c e s a he a v y s t r a i n upon t h e h e a r t . T h i s s t r a i n o f t e n c a u s e s p a l p i t a t i o n w h i c h , a l t h o u g h i t i s u s u a l l y o n l y a temporary a i l m e n t , c a u s e s d i s c o m f o r t to t h e i n d i v i d u a l and a n x i e t y f o r t h e p a r e n t s . A t t h i s s t a g e o f l i f e t h e s u s -c e p t i b i l i t y t o t h e d i s e a s e s o f c h i l d h o o d , s u c h a s mumps, m e a s l e s and the l i k e , i s d e c r e a s i n g , b u t t h e r e i s an i n c r e a s e i n t h e s u s c e p t i b i l i t y t o t u b e r c u l o s i s , g o i t r e , and s i m i l a r d i s e a s e s o f m a t u r i t y . S t a t i s t i c s , however, show t h a t w h i l e t h e r e i s a l o w d e a t h r a t e d u r i n g y o u t h , t h e p r e v a l e n c e o f i l l - h e a l t h i s r e l a t i v e l y h i g h . The G l a n d s . O n l y i n c o m p a r a t i v e l y r e c e n t y e a r s have a u t h o r i t i e s r e a l i z e d t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f t h e d u c t l e s s g l a n d s s u c h as t h e p i t u i t a r y , t h y r o i d , a d r e n a l s , and g o n a d s . These d u c t l e s s - 10 -g l a n d s a r e g e n e r a l i n t h e i r e f f e c t s , b e i n g c o n c e r n e d w i t h m e n t a l , p h y s i c a l , and n e r v o u s d e v e l o p m e n t . T h e i r c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e n e r v o u s s y s t e m i s o f p a r t i c u l a r i m p o r t a n c e when c o n s i d e r i n g the g r o w i n g c h i l d . The o n s e t o f p u b e r t y i s accompanied by i r r e g u l a r g r o w t h o f b o d i l y o r g a n s w h i c h may d i s t u r b t h e r a t i o o f g l a n d u l a r s e c r e t i o n s . T h i s s i t u a t i o n f r e q u e n t l y p r o d u c e s an e m o t i o n a l c o n d i t i o n w h i c h c a n j u s t l y be c a l l e d \" u n s t a b l e \" . S i n c e t h e g l a n d s have a p r o n o u n c e d e f f e c t on t h e e m o t i o n s , and t h e s e i n t u r n d y n a m i c a l l y a f f e c t c h a r a c t e r and p e r s o n a l i t y , any i r r e g u l a r i t y i n t h e f u n c t i o n o r development o f t h e g l a n d s i s o f g r e a t i m p o r t a n c e . The N e r v o u s System. The n e r v o u s s y s t e m has f o u r b a s i c f u n c t i o n s w h i c h make p o s s i b l e man's a b i l i t y t o l e a r n . These a r e : -( 1) S e n s i t i v i t y , t h a t i s , t h e c a p a c i t y o f t h e n e u r o n e s t o be a r o u s e d by s t i m u l i a t t h e i r r e c e i v i n g ends. Through t h i s f u n c t i o n any p o r t i o n o f t h e n e r v o u s s y s t e m may become a c t i v a t e d ; (2) C o n d u c t i v i t y , t h e a b i l i t y ' t o c a r r y t h e i m p u l s e and d i s c h a r g e i t to t h e d e n d r i t e s o f a n o t h e r n e u r o n e . T h i s makes i t p o s s i b l e f o r an i m p u l s e t o r e a c h t h e b r a i n . (3.) R e t e n t i v i t y , due t o t r a c e s l e f t i n t h e b r a i n s u b s t a n c e by p a s t e x p e r i e n c e s . T h i s f u n c t i o n i s f u n d a m e n t a l t o memory; (4) M o d i f i a b i 1 i13\u00C2\u00BB-, o r c o r r e l a t i o n , by means o f w h i c h changes i n b e h a v i o u r a r e made a n d new u n i t s o f b e h a v i o u r a r e fo r m e d . I t i s t h e f o r m a t i o n o f new n e u r a l c o n n e c t i o n s , a n d t h e s e more e s p e c i a l l y i n t h e b r a i n , which forms t h e p l r y s i c a l b a s i s f o r m e n t a l d e v e l o p m e n t . - 11 -M e n t a l Development. The B r a i n . By r e f e r r i n g t o f i g u r e 7 i t w i l l be s e e n t h a t t h e b r a i n i n c r e a s e s i n w e i g h t most r a p i d l y d u r i n g t h e f i r s t f o u r y e a r s a f t e r b i r t h . I t grows more s l o w l y d u r i n g t h e n e x t f o u r y e a r s and s t i l l more s l o w l y f o r t h e s u c c e e d i n g f o u r y e a r s , h a v i n g a t t a i n e d n e a r l y i t s a d u l t w e i g h t by t h e t w e l f t h y e a r . The g r o w t h w h i c h t a k e s p l a c e d u r i n g t h e s e y e a r s i s c h i e f l y g r o w t h o f f i b e r s and c e l l s u b s t a n c e , t h e r e b e i n g no i n c r e a s e a f t e r b i r t h i n t h e number o f c e l l s . I t has been f o u n d t h a t a l t h o u g h b r a i n s have grown f o r as many a s twenty y e a r s , i n t h e g r e a t m a j o r i t y of c a s e s g r o w t h a f t e r age f o u r t e e n o r f i f t e e n i s i m p e r c e p t i b l e . The d e v e l o p m e n t w h i c h n o r m a l l y t a k e s p l a c e i n t h e b r a i n d u r i n g y o u t h i s s t r u c t u r a l and f u n c t i o n a l r e f i n e m e n t . I t i s d u r i n g t h e s e y e a r s t h a t t h e g r e y - m a t t e r and i n t e r - c e r e b r a l a s s o c i a t i o n t r a c t s b eg i n t o mature, making p o s s i b l e t h e o r g a n i -z a t i o n and c o n s o l i d a t i o n o f i d e a s w h i c h c h a r a c t e r i z e t h e s e y e a r s o f a c h i l d ' s l i f e . Thought. A c c o r d i n g t o Warren, \"The t r a i n i n g o f t h o u g h t means 9 e s p e c i a l l y t h e c u l t i v a t i o n o f r a t i o n a l t h o u g h t \" , t h a t I s , o f c l e a r t h i n k i n g . R a t i o n a l t h o u g h t i s o u r n e a r e s t a p p r o a c h t o the t r u t h and can b e s t be c u l t i v a t e d by c o n c e n t r a t e d t h i n k i n g i n an e n d e a v o u r t o i n t e r - r e l a t e known f a c t s . T h i s a b i l i t y to 9. Warren, I I . 0 . , E l e m e n t s o f Human P s y c h o l o g y , p.301. - 1 2 -r e a s o n becomes n o t i c e a b l y p r o m i n a n t i n t h e 5 t e e n - a g e c h i l d . I t t h e r e f o r e f a l l s w i t h i n t h e r e aim o f t h e s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l t o d e v e l o p r a t i o n a l t h o u g h t . I f t h e r e i s any one word w h i c h e x p r e s s e s the t h o u g h t p r o c e s s e s d u r i n g m a t u r a t i o n , i t i s t h e word \" d e e p e n i n g \" . Ho l o n g e r i s t h e c h i l d s a t i s f i e d w i t h s u p e r f i c i a l i t i e s , he must go b e n e a t h t h e s u r f a c e . He b e g i n s to compare the r e a c t i o n s o f o t h e r s w i t h t h o s e o f h i m s e l f i n e v e r y d a y s i t u a t i o n s . S o c i a l a t t i t u d e s . Through r e a s o n i n g and c o m p a r i s o n t h e r e a r i s e s i n t h e c h i l d a r e a l i z a t i o n o f h i s r e l a t i o n to o t h e r p e o p l e and t h e r e d e v e l o p s i n him a s o c i a l - c o n s c i o u s n e s s . The b i r t h o f t h i s s o c i a l - c o n s c i o u s n e s s means a v a s t e x p a n s i o n . o f m e n t a l o u t l o o k . He now has b r o a d e r f i e l d s f o r o b s e r v a t i o n o f s i m i l a r i t i e s and d i f f e r e n c e s and d e e p e r p r o b l e m s t o t e s t h i s r e a s o n . The d e e p e r and b r o a d e r the c h i l d ' s t h o u g h t s become, t h e more d e f i n i t e a r e e s t a b l i s h e d h i s a t t i t u d e s and r e s p o n s e s . These c u l m i n a t e i n i n d i v i d u a l d i f f e r e n c e s i n t h o u g h t , a c t i o n and d e s i r e , w h i c h become more p r o n o u n c e d as t h e c h i l d a d v a n c e s t h r o u g h h i s h i g h s c h o o l y e a r s . I n d i v i d u a l d i f f e r e n c e s c o l o u r the s o c i a l a t t i t u d e s w h i c h assume a d e f i n i t e t r e n d d u r i n g t h e y e a r s of m a t u r a t i o n . I n t e r e s t s o f y o u t h . P a r a l l e l i n g t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f s o c i a l a t t i t u d e s t h e r e i s a p r o g r e s s i v e change o f i n t e r e s t and a c t i v i t y . The k a l e i d o s c o p i c i n t e r e s t s o f y o u t h a r e i n a l a r g e measure due to - 15 -th e p h y s i c a l , m e n t a l , and e m o t i o n a l changes w h i c h a r e taking-p l a c e w i t h i n him. J u s t as h i s e m o t i o n s v a r y i n q u a l i t y and i n I n t e n s i t y , so a l s o do h i s i n t e r e s t s v a r y . These wax and wane a c c o r d i n g t o h i s p h y s i c a l a n d e m o t i o n a l c o n d i t i o n , and h i s a c t i v i t i e s f o l l o w h i s i n t e r e s t s . The t e n d e n c y t o f o l l o w s u g g e s t i o n , and t h e a p p e a l o f i m i t a t i o n , a r e now n o t i c e a b l y dominant. These t e n d e n c i e s , w h i c h r e s u l t i n t h e d e s i r e \" t o be i n t h e swim\" c r e a t e a f e r t i l e f i e l d f o r f a d s o f a l l k i n d s w h i c h make t h e i r s t r o n g e s t a p p e a l a t t h i s t i m e . I n s i g n i f i c a n t odd a r t i c l e s o f a p p a r e l l i k e bow t i e s , s m a l l h a t s , r o s e t t e s i n t h e h a i r , and s l a n g e x p r e s s i o n s s u c h a s \" s e z y o u I\", r e c e i v e i n t e n s e b u t s h o r t - l i v e d a t t e n t i o n . Prompted by t h e new s o c i a l a t t i t u d e t h e m a t u r i n g c h i l d e x p e r i e n c e s an i n c r e a s e d d e s i r e f o r g r o u p games. R e a l team wo r k now becomes p o s s i b l e . D u r i n g t h e e a r l i e r y e a r s o f l i f e , games w h i c h s t r e s s i n d i v i d u a l prowess have g r e a t e s t a p p e a l . A game o f f o o t b a l l p l a y e d by a g r o u p o f b o y s i n t h e i r c h i l d -h o od y e a r s , i s made u p o f a s e r i e s o f \"hog t h e b a l l \" p l a y s . E ach p l a y e r p i t s h i m s e l f a g a i n s t t h e o p p o s i n g g o a l - k e e p e r . I n b a s e b a l l e v e r y o n e wants to be p i t c h e r . W i t h t h e g r a d u a l f i x a t i o n o f t h e s o c i a l a t t i t u d e , s c i e n t i f i c teamwork w i t h i n t r i c a t e c o m b i n a t i o n p l a y s forms t h e b a s i s o f o r g a n i z e d games. S e l f - a r r a n g e d d a n c e s and p a r t i e s g r a d u a l l y r e p l a c e a d u l t s p o n s o r e d Boy S c o u t a n d . G i r l G u i d e h i k e s and t h e l i k e . The s o c i a l n a t u r e o f the c h i l d i s g r a d u a l l y t r a n s f o r m e d . B ecause o f t h e s e c h a n g i n g and v a r i e d i n t e r e s t s , t h e r e s h o u l d - 14 -be made a v a i l a b l e to the m a t u r i n g c h i l d a wide r a n g e o f d e s i r a b l e a c t i v i t i e s w h i c h w i l l t e n d t o i n s u r e b r e a d t h o f e x p e r i e n c e and w i l l a i d i n the development o f a d e s i r a b l e p e r s o n a l i t y . Summary. The s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l d e a l s w i t h t h e c h i l d d u r i n g t h e s e y e a r s o f m a t u r a t i o n . T h i s p e r i o d i s f r e q u e n t l y d e s c r i b e d as t h e awkward age when both h e i g h t and g e n e r a l b u l k have o u t s t e p p e d m u s c u l a r c o o r d i n a t i o n . T h i s i s a s t a g e o f d e v e l o p - . ment when the d e s i r e f o r a c t i v i t y i s apt t o c a u s e t h e c h i l d t o s t r a i n t h e y e t immature b o d i l y o r g a n s . I t i s 'the age when t h e c h i l d f i r s t b e g i n s t o f e e l t h e u r g e o f p r o g e n e r a t i o n and when h i s e m o t i o n a l i t y i s l i k e l y to l e a d t o many and v a r i e d e xtremes. I t i s t h e t i m e when the c h i l d ' s i n t e r e s t s a r e g r e a t l y d i v e r s i f i e d , a r e r a p i d l y d e v e l o p i n g , and he becomes c o n s c i o u s o f h i s new s o c i a l s e l f . T h i s , i n s h o r t , i s the s u b j e c t w i t h whom th e e x p e r i m e n t i n s t u d e n t government has been c a r r i e d out i n an endeavour t o p r o v i d e a s o c i a l e n v i r o n -ment w h i c h w i l l a i d i n t h e wholesome development o f t h e s e c e n t r a l f e a t u r e s and w h i c h wi 11 a s s i s t i n t h e g r o w t h o f a n o r m a l and w e l l - r o u n d e d p e r s o n a l i t y . - 15 -CHAPTER III. C h a r a c t e r and P e r s o n a l i t y . C h a r a c t e r , P e r s o n a l i t y and S t u d e n t Government. No a d e q u a t e d i s c u s s i o n o f s t u d e n t government i s p o s s i b l e w i t h o u t c o n s i d e r a t i o n o f c h a r a c t e r and p e r s o n a l i t y , t h e development o f w h i c h i s t h e c h i e f p u r p o s e o f s u c h an o r g a n i s a t i o n . The T e n t h Y e a r Book o f t h e Department o f S u p e r i n t e n d e n c e s a y s , \"Some v e r y d e f i n i t e c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o c h a r a c t e r development may be a c h i e v e d t h r o u g h s t u d e n t g o v e r n -ment o r g a n i z a t i o n s , , Some o f t h e s e i n u r e to t h e b e n e f i t o f the i n d i v i d u a l s making up t h e s t u d e n t c o u n c i l , some to t h e o r g a n i -z a t i o n as a group, and some to t h e w h o l e s t u d e n t body o f wa i c h 10 the c o u n c i l i s a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e g r o u p . \" W i t h t h i s t h o u g h t i n mind i t may be o f v a l u e to c o n s i d e r b r i e f l y t h e d evelopment o f c h a r a c t e r and p e r s o n a l i t y b e f o r e d i s c u s s i n g t h e manner i n w h i c h stud.ent government f u r t h e r s t h i s d e v e l o p m e n t . A s t u d y of c h a r a c t e r and p e r s o n a l i t y i s f a c e d , a t t h e o u t s e t , w i t h a m a j o r d i f f i c u l t y , namely, t h e i n d e f i n i t e n e s s o f t h e s u b j e c t m a t t e r . As Shand has s a i d , \"Our knowledge o f c h a r a c t e r i s u n s y s t e m a t i c , i s second-hand, i s n o t o r g a n i z e d , 11 i s i n e x a c t , and I s s u b j e c t to p r e j u d i c i a l e r r o r . \" N e v e r t h e l e s s i t i s p o s s i b l e and u s e f u l to d e f i n e i n b r o a d terms b o t h c h a r a c t e r and p e r s o n a l i t y . 10. T e n t h Y e a r Book, Dept. o f S u p e r i n t e n d e n c e , Wash. D.C.,p.237. 11= Shand, F.I-I., \"The F o u n d a t i o n s o f C h a r a c t e r \" , p. 6. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 lio \u00E2\u0080\u0094 C h a r a c t e r d e f i n e d . W a r r e n ' s d e f i n i t i o n , v l i i l e c o m p r e h e n s i v e , i s d e f i n i t e enough t o b e o f v a l u e i n o r i e n t i n g o u r s e l v e s t o t h e s u b j e c t . F o r b a r r e n , c h a r a c t e r i s made up o f f o u r f u n d a m e n t a l p h a s e s : -( 1 ) I n t e l l e c t , w h i c h d e v e l o p s f r o m t h e c o g n i t i v e a t t i t u d e s o r f r o m t h e i n f o r m a t i o n r e c e i v e d t h r o u g h t h e e x t e r n a l s e n s e s ; ( 2 ) Temperament, t h e permanent s e t o f t h e s y s t e m i c s e n s e s w h i c h r e g i s t e r c h a n g e s i n o u r b o d i l y s y s t e m , e i t h e r i n t e r n a l c h anges r e g i s t e r e d by t h e o r g a n i c s e n s e s , o r e x t e r n a l c h a n g e s r e g i s t e r e d b y t h e p a i n s e n s e ; (3) S k i l l , w h i c h d e v e l o p s f r o m m o t o r a t t i t u d e s and i s u s u a l l y b a s e d upon m u s c u l a r a c t i o n ; ( 4 ) M o r a l i t y , w h i c h i s c o n c e r n e d w i t h s o c i a l a t t i t u d e s and w h i c h becomes o v e r t t h r o u g h s o c i a l r e s p o n s e s r e s u l t i n g f r o m s t i m u l a t i o n o f c e r t a i n e m o t i o n s and s e n t i m e n t s . I n b r i e f , c h a r a c t e r i s , \"The sum o r i n t e g r a t i o n o f 12 . . * r e l a t i v e l y p e r m a n e n t r e s p o n s e s . \" P e r s o n a l i t y d e f i n e d ; I t has been s a i d t h a t p e r s o n a l i t y i s a c o m p l e x i t y a l m o s t beyond u n d e r s t a n d i n g , y e t t h e r e i s agreement t h a t p e r s o n a l i t y i n c l u d e s : - ( l ) I n n a t e t e n d e n c i e s , t h o s e i n b o r n c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s ? h i c h a r e h e r e d i t a r y and w h i c h c a n n o t be p e r c e p t i b l y c h a n g e d ; ( 2 ) A t t i t u d e s w h i c h d e v e l o p f r o m o u r c o g n i t i v e , a f f e c t i v e , and mo to r e x p e r i e n c e s ; and ( 3) C h a r a c t e r , which, as p r e v i o u s l y d e s c r i b e d , r e s u l t s f r o m t h e c o n s o l i d a t i o n and f i x a t i o n o f a t t i t u d e s , I n d e f i n i n g p e r s o n a l i t y , B r i d g e s s a y s , \" I t i s t h e 12. .Warren and C a r m i o h a e l , \" E l e m e n t s o f Euman P s y c h o l o g y \" , R e v i s e d 1930, p. 326. - 17 -t o t a l i t y o f a l l p h y s i c a l and men t a l c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s , t r a i t s , 1 and p r o c e s s e s , and t h e i r I n t e r r e l a t i o n s h i p s . \" ,J* She Foundations o f C h a r a c t e r , W h i l e t h e r e i s not complete agreement a s to t h e d e t a i l s o f the development of c h a r a c t e r and p e r s o n a l i t y , i t i s g e n e r a l l y b e l i e v e d t h a t c h a r a c t e r i s formed t h r o u g h the i n t e g r a t i o n o f e m o t i o n a l , i n t e l l e c t u a l , m o t o r and s o c i a l a t t i t u d e s . I t i s thought a l s o t h a t a t t i t u d e s can. change or be changed, t h a t t h e r e f o r e , c h a r a c t e r , being b a s e d . o n a t t i t u d e s , i s something t h a t grows o r de v e l o p s , a n d w h i c h t o a c e r t a i n degree can be gu i d e d and moulded as d e s i r e d . I f t h i s v i e w of c h a r a c t e r be t e n a b l e , then the marked development o f - t h e s e bases o f c h a r a c t e r found i n t h e 'teen-age c h i l d c o n s t i t u t e s an unique o p p o r t u n i t y f o r c h a r a c t e r b u i l d i n g , . A D i s c u s s i o n of t h e Four Phases o f C h a r a c t e r . I n t e l l e c t u a l C h a r a c t e r or I n t e l l e c t . The e x t e r n a l senses make i t p o s s i b l e f o r a p e r s o n to r e c e i v e i n f o r m a t i o n from h i s environment. T h i s i n f o r m a t i o n becomes mental m a t e r i a l w h i c h g i v e s r i s e t o c e r t a i n p e r c e p t i o n a t t i t u d e s . I t i s the i n t e r w e a v i n g o f these peremption a t t i t u d e s which b u i l d s up a composite a t t i t u d e toward o u r mental m a t e r i a l . T h i s c o m p o s i t e a t t i t u d e i s known as i n t e l l e c t u a l c h a r a c t e r . I n t e l l e c t u a l development may be along two l i n e s , F i g u r a t i v e l y , i t may be c o n s i d e r e d as development 1 3 . B r i d g e s , J.W., \" P e r s o n a l i t y , Many i n One\", p. 4. - 18 -i n h e i g h t o r development i n b r e a d t h . Development i n h e i g h t i s the amount o f advancement i n any one sphere o f a c t i v i t y such as t h e degree o f speed and a c c u r a c y i n ma t h e m a t i c a l c a l c u l a t i o n . Extreme development i n h e i g h t p r o d u c e s the g e n i u s i n some p a r t i c u l a r f i e l d , the person vfiicse a b i l i t y i s l i m i t e d i n scope' but reaches a h i g h degree of p e r f e c t i o n . Development i n b r e a d t h , on the o t h e r hand, i s the development o f a l a r g e number o f t r a i t s , the l a r g e r t h e number and the more d i v e r -s i f i e d th\u00C2\u00A9 t r a i t s , the broader i s the' i n t e l l e c t u a l development. Height o f i n t e l l e c t u a l c h a r a c t e r depends l a r g e l y on the development of c e r t a i n s k i l l s and t h e r e f o r e depends on e d u c a t i o n , w h i l e b r e a d t h o f i n t e l l e c t u a l c h a r a c t e r depends l a r g e l y on the c o m p l e x i t y of the nerve s t r u c t u r e . I n t e l l e c t u a l c h a r a c t e r i n f e r s i n t e l l e c t u a l c a p a c i t y . A p e r s o n o f average i n n a t e a b i l i t y may, through c o n c e n t r a t e d s t u d y and p r a c t i c e , a c q u i r e c o n s i d e r a b l e s k i l l i n a s p e c i a l f i e l d . H i s i n t e l l e c -t u a l c h a r a c t e r may t h u s reach g r e a t h e i g h t s i n music but he may l a c k the nerve s t r u c t u r e r e q u i r e d by t h e mathematician. H i s neighbour may not e x c e l i n any one f i e l d but may possess an average a b i l i t y i n such f i e l d s as m a t h e m a t i c s , music, b u s i n e s s , and t h e l i k e . H i s i n t e l l e c t u a l c h a r a c t e r may not rise) to g r e a t h e i g h t s i n any s p e c i a l sphere o f e n d e a v o u r \"Wt i t i s broad and d i v e r s i f i e d . Motor C h a r a c t e r or S k i l l . S k i l l i s that phase o f c h a r a c t e r w h i c h develops from our motor a t t i t u d e s and h a b i t s . L i k e i n t e l l e c t , i t may develop a l o n g two l i n e s . I t may be broad, embracing a - 19 -d i v e r s i f i e d group o f a c t i v i t i e s , o r i t may be narrow, r e a c h i n g g r e a t h e i g h t s o f p e r f e c t i o n i n some s p e c i a l f i e l d . T h i s l a t t e r more a c c u r a t e l y e x e m p l i f i e s a p a r t i c u l a r s k i l l , which i s understood to be a h i g h degree o f p r o f i c i e n c y i n a s p e c i f i c a c t i v i t y . Through our a t t i t u d e s and i n t e r e s t s , h a b i t s are b u i l t w hich r e s u l t i n c e r t a i n a c t i o n s ; through t h e s e a c t i o n s , c h a r a c t e r i s moulded. H a b i t u a l a c t i o n s a r e u s u a l l y a c q u i r e d i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h a c t i v i t i e s i n which we are p a r t i c u l a r l y i n t e r e s t e d . The b a s e b a l l p l a y e r who has an a b s o r b i n g i n t e r e s t i n b a s e b a l l , the m u s i c i a n w i t h an u n d i v i d e d i n t e r e s t i n t h e v i o l i n , the a r t i s t w i t h a s p e c i a l i n t e r e s t i n l a n d s c a p e , soon f i n d t h a t many o f the r e q u i r e d movements ar e performed a u t o m a t i c a l l y . R e p e t i t i o n , i n t e r e s t and o t h e r f a c t o r s r e s u l t i n i n c r e a s e d e f f i c i e n c y a l o n g c e r t a i n l i n e s , c u l m i n a t i n g i n s k i l l s , t h e a p p r o p r i a t i o n of which i s an e f f e c t i v e s i d e o f c h a r a c t e r . The awareness o f t h e a p p r o p r i a t i o n o f s k i l l s , t o g e t h e r w i t h s e l f - c o n t r o l g i v e s the i n d i v i d u a l a c e r t a i n p o i s e which c a r r i e s him on to g r e a t e r endeavours and a c h i e v e -ment s. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 A f f e c t i v e C h a r a c t e r or Temperament. Temperament i s t h e a f f e c t i v e a spect o f c h a r a c t e r and p e r s o n a l i t y . - I t develops out o f our f e e l i n g s and emotions and depends upon sy s t e m i c s t i m u l i , w h i c h a r i s e through the a c t i v a t i o n o f our i n n e r organs, g l a n d s , and p a i n r e c e p t o r s . Temperament, t h e r e f o r e , depends l a r g e l y on the p h y s i c a l c o n d i t i o n o f the body. When the b o d i l y o r g a n s a r e p e r f o r m i n g t h e i r f u n c t i o n s adequately, a c h e e r f u l temperament w i l l r e s u l t . - 20 -.From an e d u c a t i o n a l p o i n t o f view, knowledge o f hygiene and p h y s i o l o g y p r o p e r l y a p p l i e d a i d s i n the development o f an a t t r a c t i v e temperament. Just as the e x t e r n a l o r motor aspect o f c h a r a c t e r i s developed through t r a i n i n g i n h a b i t s o f a c t i o n , so a l s o temperament, an i n n e r aspect o f c h a r a c t e r , i s developed through h a b i t s o f r e g u l a r l i v i n g and improved p h y s i c a l f i t n e s s . M o r a l C h a r a c t e r o r M o r a l i t y . I t lias been s a i d t h a t t h e essence o f s t r o n g c h a r a c t e r i s s e l f - r e g a r d . A s t r o n g c h a r a c t e r i s . n o t n e c e s s a r i l y a s t r o n g \"moral\" c h a r a c t e r s i n c e t h e q u a l i t i e s o f \"the l a t t e r must develop from t h e f u n c t i o n i n g of t h e m o r a l sentiments which are I n c o r p o r a t e d i n the i d e a l . These m o r a l sent i m e n t s determine the q u a l i t i e s o f c h a r a c t e r and e v e n t u a l l y o f conduct. I f we agree t h a t a s t r o n g moral c h a r a c t e r can be developed, two t h i n g s must be kept I n mind: f i r s t , the c o n s c i o u s assemblage o f the admired q u a l i t i e s i n an I d e a l c h a r a c t e r w i t h a v e r y c a r e f u l e s t i m a t e o f t h e i r v a l u e s ; and, second, a s t r o n g and s e n s i t i v e s e l f - r e s p e c t which p r o v i d e s t h e c o n t i n u a l d r i v e n e c e s s a r y f o r the r e a l i s a t i o n o f those q u a l i t i e s i n the i n d i v i d u a l ' s c h a r a c t e r and conduct. In t h i s way, i t I s p o s s i b l e by c o n s c i o u s e f f o r t t o b u i l d a c h a r a c t e r which c o n t a i n s q u a l i t i e s not n a t i v e to t h e i n d i v i d u a l . I t has been s a i d t h a t , \"However complex the p e r s o n a l i t y may be, we may r e c o g n i z e i t as a r e s u l t o f w e l l o r g a n i z e d , w e l l b a l a n c e d , and r a t i o n a l l y d i r e c t e d e n e r g i e s , i n t e r e s t s and q u a l i t i e s , r a t h e r than a - 21 -14 f o r t u i t o u s assemblage o f t r a i t s . \" Any piia s e o f e d u c a t i o n w h i c h b r o a d e n s t h e f i e l d o f c o n t a c t and e x p e r i e n c e , a i d i n g the c h i l d to o r g a n i z e and d i r e c t h i s e n e r g i e s and i n t e r e s t s , s h o u l d be a p o w e r f u l f a c t o r i n the development o f p e r s o n a l i t y . T h i s i s the c h i e f aim o f s t u d e n t government. W i l l . The o r g a n i s a t i o n and d i r e c t i o n o f e n e r g i e s and i n t e r e s t s i s i m p o r t a n t b e c a u s e , t h r o u g h t h e s e , t h e w i l l i s d e v e l o p e d . I t i s i m p o r t a n t t h a t t h e d e s i r e t o o r g a n i z e a r i s e s f i r s t i n t h e i n d i v i d u a l and. n o t f r o m a r b i t r a r y a u t h o r i t y . I t i s e s s e n t i a ] , t h a t s u i t a b l e e n v i r o n m e n t a l s i t u a t i o n s be p r o v i d e d f o r t h e e x e r c i s e o f i n d i v i d u a l powers, b u t t h e r e s h o u l d be a minimum o f c o e r c i v e d i r e c t i o n . I f t h i s d i r e c t i o n I s c a r r i e d to t h e e x t e n t t h a t c i r c u m s t a n c e s a r e a r r a n g e d f o r the c h i l d so t h a t he i s r e q u i r e d t o make no r e l a t i v e l y I m p o r t a n t d e c i s i o n s , he l e a r n s to f o l l o w s u g g e s t i o n -without c o n s i d e r i n g t h e c o n s e q u e n c e s and does n o t d e v e l o p judgment and s e l f -r e l i a n c e . I f , on the o th er hand, a i d i s g i v e n s u f f i c i e n t t o promote a c h a l l e n g e to t h e c h i l d , he l e a r n s t o say \" I w i l l \" o r \" I w i l l n o t \" . Once t h i s a t t i t u d e o f making r i g h t d e c i s i o n s has become h a b i t u a l the p r o c e s s of b u i l d i n g a d e s i r a b l e c h a r a c t e r e v o l v e s . The r e s p o n s e s w h i c h c o n s t i t u t e a p e r s o n ' s c h a r a c t e r become r e l a t i v e l y permanent t h r o u g h r e p e t i t i o n , and t h i s r e p e t i t i o n may be b r o u g h t about t h r o u g h the \" w i l l t o do\". 14. Howard and P a t r y , M e n t a l H e a l t h , p. 196. - 22 -The s t a t e m e n t i s g e n e r a l l y a c c e p t e d t h a t t h e h i g h e s t s t a n d a r d s o f c h a r a c t e r and p e r s o n a l i t y have been p r o d u c e d by a d e f i n i t e , a c t i v e d e s i r e f o r s e l f - i m p r o v e m e n t , a d e s i r e In w h i c h t h e w i l l i s the power t o k e e p t h e s e l e c t i v e m o t i v e dominant, The w i l l o f the i n d i v i d u a l i s n o t a u n i t i n i t s e l f but i s the sum t o t a l o f h i s c o n a t i o n s a n d h a b i t s w h i c h l e a d to d e s i r e and v o l i t i o n , i t s e l f a d e s i r e q u a l i f i e d by judgment. Judgment r e s u l t s f r o m e x p e r i e n c e w h i c h grows o n l y out o f a c t i v i t y , and t h e c h i l d , by means o f w i d e r e x p e r i e n c e p r e s e n t e d t h r o u g h s t u d e n t government, d e v e l o p s t h e a b i l i t y to r e f i n e h i s d e s i r e s and t h u s l e a r n s to r e s p o n d w i t h s o c i a l l y a c c e p t a b l e v o l i t i o n . T hat i s , t h r o u g h a c t u a l p a r t i c i p a t i o n I n s c h o o l government where the s i t u a t i o n s a r e s i m p l i f i e d and become s u i t e d t o h i s u n d e r s t a n d i n g , the c h i l d i s a i d e d i n d e v e l o p i n g s e l f - r e l i a n c e and s e l f - d i r e c t i on, h i s wi 11 i s s t r e n g t h e n e d , and he i s a s s i s t e d i n b u i l d i n g a w o r t h y c h a r a c t e r and d e s i r a b l e p e r s o n a l i t y . O b j e c t i v e s o f C h a r a c t e r E d u c a t i o n . W e l l - d e v e l o p e d c h a r a c t e r i n v o l v e s r e c o g n i t i o n o f r e s p o n s i b i l i t y to o n e ' s - s e l f , and to s o c i e t y . A c t i v e and e f f e c t i v e membership i n s o c i e t y , w h i l e i t depends upon t h e development o f i n d i v i d u a l powers, s h o u l d r e s u l t i n e m o t i o n a l s a t i s f a c t i o n . S u c h membership p r e s u p p o s e s a d e s i r e on t h e p a r t o f the i n d i v i d u a l t o c o o p e r a t e w i t h h i s fellow-members i n a l l m a t t e r s a p p e r t a i n i n g t o the b e t t e r m e n t o f s o c i e t y . The i d e a l c h a r a c t e r p o s s e s s e s e q u i l i b r i u m between s e l f - e x p r e s s i o n - 23 - . and s e l f - c o n t r o l . The f o r m e r s u g g e s t s l i b e r t y , but l i b e r t y w i t h i n l i m i t s . S e l f - e x p r e s s i o n i s d e s i r a b l e o n l y i n so f a r as a p e r s o n ' s d e s i r e s a r e woven a r o u n d a w o r t h y p u r p o s e o r community e n t e r p r i s e , and i t s h o u l d c o n n o t e t h e development o f one's l i f e t o the f u l l e s t e x t e n t i n k e e p i n g w i t h an i n t e l l i g e n t r e c o g n i t i o n o f t h e demands o f s o c i a l and economic e n v i r o n m e n t . S e l f - e x p r e s s i o n , t h e r e f o r e , must be tempered by a c o n s c i o u s n e s s o f t h e needs and r i g h t s o f o t h e r s so t h a t , by means o f s e l f -c o n t r o l , t h e i n d i v i d u a l may i n h i b i t t h e d e s i r e s w h i c h c a u s e u n h a p p i n e s s t o t h o s e a b o u t him, o r w h i c h t e n d t o h i n d e r t h e p r o g r e s s o f s o c i e t y . C o n s i d e r a t i o n f o r o t h e r s i s bound up i n t h e customs and t r a d i t i o n s , a s w e l l a s t h e common and w r i t t e n l a w s , o f e v e r y g r o u p . A t a n y g i v e n time t h i s c o n s i d e r a t i o n f o r o t h e r s i m p l i e s r e s p e c t by t h e i n d i v i d u a l f o r t h e m o r e s . o f s o c i e t y . T h i s a s p e c t o f good c h a r a c t e r r e q u i r e s c a r e f u l c o n s i d e r a t i o n b e c a u s e s t a n d a r d s o f s o c i a l b e h a v i o u r d i f f e r between s o c i a l g r o u p s and v a r y f r o m g e n e r a t i o n to- g e n e r a t i o n w i t h i n any g i v e n s o c i e t y . M o r e o v e r , a l t h o u g h c o n f o r m i t y t o t h e mores and t r a d i t i o n s i s h i g h l y d e s i r a b l e , i t i s o n l y by b r e a k i n g t r a d i t i o n and b u i l d i n g up a b e t t e r scheme o f t h i n g s t o s a t i s f y c h a n g i n g n e e d s t h a t c i v i l i z a t i o n p r o g r e s s e s . F o r t h i s r e a s o n i t i s s u g g e s t e d t h a t I n t e l l i g e n t r e s p e c t f o r t h e mores o f s o c i e t y i s more d e s i r a b l e t h a n b l i n d , p a s s i v e o b e d i e n c e to t h e s e t r a d i t i o n s w h i c h have g o v e r n e d S o c i a l a c c e p t a n c e . The c h a r a c t e r w h i c h i s to b e e m u l a t e d embodies an i n t e g r a t i o n o f d e s i r a b l e i d e a l s , t r a i t s and h a b i t s , s u c h as h o n e s t y , l o y a l t y , and d e p e n d a b i l i t y . A l l o f t h e s e must be e x e m p l i f i e d i n a c t i o n . The i n f i n i t e v a r i e t y o f l i f e -s i t u a t i o n s , w h i c h i n v o l v e a c h o i c e o f r e s p o n s e , makes i t I m p o s s i b l e t o d e v e l o p a t r a i t o r h a b i t w h i c h w i l l s a t i s f y e a ch c i r c u m s t a n c e . The. i n d i v i d u a l must t h e r e f o r e depend upon an i n t e g r a t i o n o f g e n e r a l i z e d i d e a l s , t r a i t s , and h a b i t s as a b a s i s f o r c o r r e c t r e s p o n s e i n most s i t u a t i o n s w h i c h may a r i s e . F i n a l l y , t h r o u g h t h e c o n s t a n t and r e p e a t e d i n t e r a c t i o n o f t h e s e e m o t i o n a l , i n t e l l e c t u a l , m o t o r and s o c i a l h a b i t s , t h e r e w i l l e v o l v e i n t h e i n d i v i d u a l d e s i r a b l e a t t i t u d e s w h i c h w i l l r e s u l t i n a w e l l - i n t e g r a t e d and s o c i a l l y - a d j u s t e d p e r s o n a l i t y , t h a t i s , a w e l l d e v e l o p e d c h a r a c t e r r e c o g n i z i n g r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o b o t h s e l f and s o c i e t y . T h i s i s the u l t i m a t e g o a l o f any programme o f e d u c a t i o n . The C h i l d and C h a r a c t e r Development. When t h e c h i l d a r r i v e s a t s c h o o l , a t t h e age o f s i x , he i s f a c e d w i t h t h e n e c e s s i t y o f f i t t i n g h i m s e l f i n t o a new s o c i a l atmosphere where t h e g r o u p i s t h e u n i t . He must be g o v e r n e d by c e r t a i n r e g u l a t i o n s , and h i s a c t i v i t i e s a r e n e c e s s a r i l y somewhat c u r b e d . A s i m i l a r need f o r a d j u s t m e n t t a k e s p l a c e d u r i n g y o u t h . I n r e g a r d t o t h i s n e e d the S e c o n d a r y S c h o o l s a r e o f p a r t i c u l a r i m p o r t a n c e b e c a u s e i n t h e s e s c h o o l s t h e p u p i l s a r e a t the age when t h e y a r e b e g i n n i n g t o frame v e r y d e f i n i t e o p i n i o n s and when t h e t r e n d s o f t h e i r l i v e s , as shown i n t h e i r a t t i t u d e s , become more c l e a r - c u t . D u r i n g t h i s p e r i o d , m o r a l - 25 -n a t u r e i s r a p i d l y d e v e l o p i n g . The c h i l d e x p e r i e n c e s i n c r e a s e d e m o t i o n a l l i f e and b e f o r e he h a s c o m p l e t e d h i s S e n i o r H i g h S c h o o l p e r i o d , h i s l i f e i d e a l s a r e f a i r l y w e l l e s t a b l i s h e d . The g r e a t e s t r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r c h a r a c t e r t r a i n i n g f a l l s , t h e r e f o r e , on t h e s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s . S i n c e i t i s d u r i n g t h i s p e r i o d t h a t t h e o b j e c t i v e s m e n t i o n e d above s h o u l d r e c e i v e most a t t e n t i o n , t h e s c h o o l c u r r i c u l u m i s a r r a n g e d t o s a t i s f y t h e s e n e e d s . I n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h t h e u s u a l methods f o r b u i l d i n g c h a r a c t e r , s t u d e n t government i s r e c o g n i z e d a s a means o f p r e s e n t i n g o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r t r a i n i n g i n s k i l l s , f o r awakening t h e m e n t a l and m o r a l judgments, f o r e m o t i o n a l i z i n g c o n d u c t s i t u a t i o n s so t h a t s a t i s f a c t i o n r e s u l t s f r o m r i g h t t h i n k i n g and a c t i n g ; t h a t i s , f o r c h a r a c t e r e d u c a t i o n . F o r t h i s r e a s o n , some f o r m o f government, f o r a n d by t h e s t u d e n t s , has b e e n -i n c o r p o r a t e d i n t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e s e t - u p o f most s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s . - 26 -CHAPTER IV. G e n e r a l D i s c u s s i o n o f S t u d e n t Government. An E x p l a n a t i o n o f t h e Term \" S t u d e n t Government\". A u t h o r i t i e s a r e n o t i n agreement r e g a r d i n g t h e terms t o be u s e d when c o n s i d e r i n g p u p i l p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n s c h o o l government. The c h i e f c o n f u s i o n a r i s e s out o f t h e two terms \" P u p i l S e l f - G o v e r n m e n t \" , and \"S t u d e n t Government\", f r e q u e n t l y t h e s e a r e us e d a s b e i n g synonymous. I n s u c h c a s e s b o t h terms mean \"government o f the p u p i l s by t h e p u p i l s \" , as opposed t o a u t o c r a t i c government by t h e p r i n c i p a l , o r o l i g a r c h i c a l government, imposed by t h e s t a f f . J u s t a s f r e q u e n t l y , one a p p e a r s t o be t h e a n t i t h e s i s of t h e o t h e r . In such e a s e s , \" P u p i l S e l f - G o v e r n m e n t \" , i n e s s e n c e , means s e l f - a n a l y s i s , s e l f - c r i t i c i s m , s e l f - c o n t r o l , a n d s e l f - d i r e c t i o n ; w h i l e \" S t u d e n t Government\" means government o f t h e s t u d e n t body by a l i m i t e d few s t u d e n t s . In t h i s d i s c u s s i o n , t h e t e r m \" S t u d e n t Government\" w i l l be u n d e r s t o o d t o mean s t u d e n t p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n s c h o o l g o v e r n -ment, u n d e r t h e g u i d a n c e and a s s i s t a n c e o f s t a f f a d v i s e r s . The s p o n s o r s o f s t u d e n t government i n t h e P o i n t G r e y J u n i o r H i g h S c h o o l b e l i e v e t h a t by j u d i c i o u s a p p l i c a t i o n o f t h e c i v i c i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f s e l f - g o v e r n m e n t , - the making o f law s , t h e i r i n t e r p r e t a t i o n , and e x e c u t i o n , t h e r e may u l t i m a t e l y be e s t a b l i s h e d t h e e t h i c a l c o n c e p t i o n o f s e l f - g o v e r n m e n t , - t h e power o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l t o shape h i s c o n d u c t i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h a p r e c o n c e i v e d m o r a l s t a n d a r d . T h i s , a s h a s been s t a t e d , i n v o l v e s - 27 -s e l f - a n a l y s i s , s e l f - c r i t i c i s m , s e l f - c o n t r o l , s e l f - d i r e c t i o n , t h a t i s , t h e a b i l i t y t o i n h i b i t wrong i m p u l s e s and to i n i t i a t e p r o p e i ' a c t s . The H i s t o r y o f S t u d e n t Government, E x p e r i m e n t s i n s e l f - g o v e r n m e n t among a d o l e s c e n t s a r e known t o have e x i s t e d at t h e time o f t h e democracy o f G r e e c e , b o t h as an a i d t o t h e development of m o r a l c h a r a c t e r , and a l s o as a p r e p a r a t i o n f o r I n t e l l i g e n t c i t i z e n s h i p d u r i n g m a t u r i t y . I t seems n a t u r a l t h a t s t u d e n t government s h o u l d have i t s modern g e n e s i s i n a d e m o c r a t i c c o u n t r y , and i t happens t h a t t h i s f o r w a r d movement i n e d u c a t i o n a p p e a r s f i r s t i n t h e 15 U n i t e d S t a t e s . In 1915 an i n v e s t i g a t i o n by B a l d w i n d i s c l o s e d t h a t t h e C o l l e g e of W i l l i a m and Mary, W i l l i a m s b u r g , V a . c l a i m e d t o have i n a u g u r a t e d t h e h o n o u r s y s t e m i n e x a m i n a t i o n s i n 1779. The n e x t v a l i d r e c o r d i s t h a t o f t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f V i r g i n i a , i n 1842, a l t h o u g h many c o l l e g e s r e c o r d e d t h a t , i n t h e i r I n s t i t u t i o n s , t h e s y s t e m h a d been i n vogue i n s p i r i t b e f o r e 1842. , The t e r m \"honour s y s t e m \" , a l t h o u g h f i r s t i n s t i t u t e d i n c o n n e c t i o n wi t h examinat i o n s , i s now g e n e r a l l y u n d e r s t o o d t o c o n n o t e t h e f o r m a l a d o p t i o n b y s t u d e n t s and f a c u l t y o f a s y s t e m o f m u t u a l r e s p o n s i b i l i t y among s t u d e n t s f o r h o n e s t s c h o l a s t i c work. I t i s sometimes i n d e p e n d e n t o f s t u d e n t government p r o p e r , but i s more f r e q u e n t l y an i n t e g r a l p a r t o f 15. B a l d w i n , B i r d T., \"The U n i t e d s t a t e s B u r e a u of E d u c a t i o n \" - B u l l e t i n Wo. 8, 1915. .' - 28 --the s t u d e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n , a n a t u r a l o u t g r o w t h o f s t u d e n t p a r t i c i p a t i o n I n t h e d i r e c t i o n a n d c o n t r o l o f v a r i o u s c o l l e g i a t e a c t i v i t i e s . From t h e s e e a r l y b e g i n n i n g s , t h e honour system, and c o n s e q u e n t l y s t u d e n t p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n c o l l e g e government, has s p r e a d u n t i l i n 1915, o u t o f t h e 475 c o l l e g e s a n s w e r i n g B a l d w i n ' s q u e s t i o n n a i r e , 125 were d e f i n i t e l y u s i n g t h e system, 44 f o l l o w e d i t i n s p i r i t , 31 e x p e c t e d i t s e a r l y a d o p t i o n , 205 were f a v o u r a b l y i n c l i n e d , and o n l y 72 were d e f i n i t e l y o p posed t o i t . I t s t a n d s t o r e a s o n t h a t any d e v i c e w h i c h a i d s i n t h e d evelopment o f c h a r a c t e r and p e r s o n a l i t y i n c o l l e g e s w i l l e a r l y be t r a n s p l a n t e d t o o t h e r e d u c a t i o n a l i n s t i t u t i o n s . I t t h e r e f o r e t r a n s p i r e d t h a t i n 1893, B e r n a r d Oronson, who h a d watched t h e development i n t h e h i g h e r s c h o o l s , began an e x p e r i m e n t w i t h p u p i l p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n s c h o o l government i n a l o w e r s c h o o l i n the s t a t e o f New Y o r k . H i s e x p e r i m e n t was e m i n e n t l y s u c c e s s f u l and o t h e r p r i n c i p a l s f o l l o w e d h i s p l a n . A s u r v e y made i n 1925 by D a v i s who s t u d i e d the h i g h s c h o o l s o f t h e N o r t h C e n t r a l A s s o e l a t i o n , d i s c l o s e d t h a t 3 9 . 3 $ had \" p u p i l government\", and 57.7% had t e a c h e r - p u p i 1 c o u n c i l s . This_ s t u d y was f o l l o w e d by one i n 1927 by J o s e p h Roemer o f t h e same t y p e o f s c h o o l s i n t h e S o u t h e r n A s s o c i a t i o n . He f o u n d t h a t t h e p e r c e n t a g e s were 45% and 55/o r e s p e c t i v e l y . I n 1928 R i n g d a l l chose a t random 191 h i g h s c h o o l s and f o u n d t h a t 68.7/0 were \"making an e f f o r t t o t r y t h i s movement\". These p e r c e n t a g e s seem to i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e i d e a o f s t u d e n t - 29 -p a r t i c i p a t ion. i n s c h o o l a f f a i r s i s m e e t i n g wi t h g e n e r a l a p p r o v a l . A l t h o u g h t h e r e have been many f a i l u r e s , t h e I d e a has s p r e a d u n t i l t o d a y most s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s and many e l e m e n t a r y s c h o o l s have some f o r m o f s t u d e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h s c h o o l management. The Aims o r P u r p o s e s o f S t u d e n t Government. The aims o r p u r p o s e s of s t u d e n t government have b e e n v a r i o u s l y s t a t e d by a u t h o r s on t h e s u b j e c t . P r e t w e l l has s u g g e s t e d t h e f o l l o w i n g p u r p o s e s o f p u p i l p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n s c h o o l government. (1) I t \"xDrovides a f a v o u r a b l e o p p o r t u n i t y f o r t h e p u p i l t o have a d e f i n i t e p u r p o s e o f h i s own.\" S u c h a p u r p o s e p r o v i d e s a s t u d e n t w i t h t h e d r i v e n e c e s s a r y t o e n a b l e him t o e x p r e s s h i m s e l f i n su c h a way t h a t he may imbue o t h e r s w i t h h i s own d e s i r e . I n d o i n g t h i s , he must r e c o g n i z e t h e o p i n i o n s o f o t h e r s and t h e r e f o r e he must l e a r n t o meet a d v e r s e arguments w i t h s t e a d y , s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d t h o u g h t s . I t i s t r u e t h a t s u c h s i t u a t i o n s a r i s e i n t h e r e g u l a r c l a s s e s , b u t t h e S t u d e n t C o u n c i l p r o v i d e s a p e c u l i a r l y f a v o u r a b l e a t m osphere f o r s u c h t r a i n i n g . (2) I t \" t e n d s t o c r e a t e a f r i e n d l y f e e l i n g between t e a c h e r s and s t u d e n t s . \" I n t r u e s t u d e n t government the p r e d o m i n a n t i d e a s h o u l d n o t be, \"What does t h e C o u n c i l A d v i s e r want?\", r a t h e r i t s h o u l d be, \"What does t h i s s i t u a t i o n r e q u i r e , 16. P r e t w e l l , I . E . , \" E x t r a - C u r r i o u l a r A c t i v i t i e s In t h e -Secondai-y S c h o o l s . \" , 1931, p. 102. ~ 30 -and how can we c o o p e r a t e t o a c c o m p l i s h o u r d e s i r e s ? \" . S u c h a t t i t u d e s r e s u l t i n an u n d e r s t a n d i n g w h i c h makes i t p o s s i b l e f o r s t a f f and s t u d e n t s t o c o o p e r a t e i n a c c o m p l i s h i n g many d i f f i c u l t t a s k s . ( 3 ) \" P u p i l p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n government c a n be p s y c h o l o g i c a l l y r e m e d i a l . \" E i rough c o n t a c t w i t h t h o s e who h e l p t o make t h e s c h o o l r e g u l a t i o n s , a p u p i l may come t o l e a r n t h a t , a s B e n j a m i n F r a n k l i n p u t i t , \" V i c i o u s a c t i o n s a r e n o t h u r t f u l b e c a u s e t h e y a r e f o r b i d d e n , b u t f o r b i d d e n b e c a u s e t h e y a r e h u r t f u l . \" ( 4 ) \"The d e v e l o p m e n t o f a p l a n o f p u p i l p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n government i s c o n c e r n e d w i t h t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f a t t i t u d e s i n p u p i l s , i n teachers, and i n a d m i n i s t r a t o r s . \" W h i l e t h e t e a c h e r s a n d a d m i n i s t r a t o r s a r e i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e c h a r a c t e r v a l u e s c o n t a i n e d i n s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t , t h e p u p i l i s i n t e r e s t e d i n \" g e t t i n g t h i n g s done\". I t i s n e c e s s a r y f o r b o t h p a r t i e s t o m o d i f y t h e i r a t t i t u d e s so t h a t t h e t e a c h e r may r e c o g n i z e i n t h e p u p i l ' s d e s i r e f o r a c t i o n , a b a s i s f o r c h a r a c t e r d e v e l o p -ment, w h i l e t h e p u p i l s h o u l d r e c o g n i z e i n t h e c o o p e r a t i o n o f t h e t e a c h e r a means o f a c c o m p l i s h i n g h i s d e s i r e , ( 5 ) S t u d e n t g overnment \" t e n d s t o p r o v i d e f o r e m o t i o n a l s a t i s f a c t i o n s \" . A s p r e v i o u s l y i n d i c a t e d , t h e c h i l d ' s J u n i o r H i g h S c h o o l y e a r s a r e m a r k e d by n o t i c e a b l e e m o t i o n a l development, a n d e m o t i o n and a c t i o n a r e i n s e p a r a b l e . I t i s h e a l t h y e m o t i o n a l s a t i s f a c t i o n f o r a s t u d e n t to s h a r e i n d i r e c t i n g a f f a i r s , i n t h e home room o r i n t h e c o u n c i l ! , A l t h o u g h t h e t e a c h e r must e n d e a v o u r t o see t h a t t h i s s a t i s f a c t i o n i s on a ' h i g h l e v e l , i t must be remembered t h a t a h i g h l e v e l o f c o n d u c t f o r y o u t h i s n o t t h e h i g h l e v e l o f m a t u r i t y , ( 6 ) \" P a r t i c i p a t i o n I n g o v e r n m e n t can make f o r i n t e l l i g e n t o b e d i e n c e t o a u t h o r i t y . \" I f t h e s t u d e n t a s s i s t s I n d r a w i n g up t h e r a l e s by w h i c h l u n c h - r o o m s , c o r r i d o r t r a f f i c , s t u d y - p e r i o d s , g e n e r a l a s s e m b l i e s , and t h e l i k e , a r e t o be g o v e r n e d , he c a n more i n t e l l i g e n t l y obey t h e s e r u l e s b e c a u s e he knows why, a t l e a s t i n t h e o p i n i o n o f t h e m a j o r i t y , t h e s e r u l e s a r e a d v i s a b l e . Pie b e g i n s t o s e e t h a t r u l e s a r e n o t r e s t r i c t i o n s on b e h a v i o u r , b u t a r e a i d s t o b e t t e r c o n d u c t . (7) \" P a r t i c i p a t i o n i n s c h o o l g o v e r n m e n t i s a means o f e d u c a t i o n \" . A s t u d y o f t h e a i m s a n d o b j e c t i v e s o f s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t r e v e a l s o v e r two h u n d r e d a d v a n t a g e s t o be d e r i v e d f r o m s u c h an i n s t i t u t i o n . T h e s e a d v a n t a g e s c a n b e c l a s s e d u n d e r f o u r b r o a d h e a d i n g s , n a m e l y , ( a ) t h o s e t h a t l e a d t o e a s i e r and more e f f i c i e n t s c h o o l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , such, a s s'tudent c o n t r o l o f d i s c i p l i n e o u t s i d e o f r e g u l a r c l a s s e s ; ( b ) t h o s e l e a d i n g t o t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f p e r s o n a l a b i l i t i e s , s u c h as t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f an i n d i v i d u a l ' s a b i l i t y a s a l e a d e r ; ( c ) t h o s e l e a d i n g t o t h e d e v e l o p m e n t o f a b e t t e r s o c i a l o r d e r , s u c h a s t h e c r e a t i o n o f a d e s i r e f o r more o r d e r l y c o n d u c t i n a s s e m b l i e s ; ( d ) t h o s e h a v i n g a more d i r e c t e d u c a t i o n a l v a l u e , s u c h as a b e t t e r u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e f u n d a m e n t a l s o f good g o v e r n m e n t * I t i s I m p o s s i b l e t o d r a w a d e c i d e d , l i n e b e t w e e n any two o f t h e s e g r o u p s b e c a u s e t h e y most c e r t a i n l y o v e r l a p and f u s e , one i n t o t h e o t h e r . The paramount a d v a n t a g e t o b e d e r i v e d f r o m s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t i s t h r o u g h t h e e d u c a t i o n a l c o n t e n t o f t h e a c t i v i t y T h i s i s a l s o t h e v i e w o f Vf. D. L e w i s , p r e s i d e n t o f t h e N a t i o n a l A s s o c i a t i o n o f S e c o n d a r y S c h o o l P r i n c i p a l s , 1919, who s a i d , \" I b e l i e v e i t i s s u p r e m e l y i m p o r t a n t t h a t p r i n c i p a l s and t e a c h e r s r e c o g n i z e s t u d e n t p a r t i c i p a t i o n a s a p r i n c i p l e u n d e r -l y i n g p r o p e r t r a i n i n g i n d e m o c r a t i c t h o u g h t , f e e l i n g , a n d 17 a c t i o n , and n o t a s a d e v i c e f o r g e t t i n g t h i n g s done''. The f o l l o w i n g e x t r a c t f r o m a c o m m u n i c a t i o n r e c e i v e d f r o m Dr. H. 3. E i n g , C u r r i c u l u m A d v i s o r t o t h e B r i t i s h C o l u m b i a M i n i s t e r o f E d u c a t i o n , c o r r o b o r a t e s t h i s v i e w r e g a r d i n g t h e g e n e r a l r e s u l t s o f s t u d e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n , \" I am h e a r t i l y i n f a v o u r o f s t u d e n t p a r t i c i p a t i o n and o f a c o m p r e h e n s i v e s o c i a l o r g a n i s a t i o n i n a s c h o o l c a l l i n g f o r s t u d e n t i n i t i a t i v e . I n t h i s way i s produced, a s o c i a l i z e d s c h o o l . The w h o l e r e l a t i o n s h i p o f p u p i l and t e a c h e r becomes c h a n g e d . The s c h o o l becomes a s o c i a l o r g a n i s m . P r e p a r a t i o n , f o r a d u l t l i v i n g i s e f f e c t e d 'by l i v i n g now. The p u p i l , f e e l i n g t h a t he s h a r e s i n t h e a c t i v i t y o f t h e s c h o o l , h a s n ' t t h e s e n s e o f r e p r e s s i o n w h i c h e x i s t s i n t h e t e a c h e r -d o m i n a t e d s c h o o l . He a l s o l e a r n s f r o m h i s own e x p e r i e n c e s t h e n e c e s s i t y f o r s o c i a l c o n t r o l s and l e a r n s f r e e l y t o a c q u i e s c e i n them. The b e a r i n g o f t h i s upon m e n t a l h y g i e n e i s o b v i o u s . \" A s c o n c e i v e d b y t h e s p o n s o r s o f t h e e x p e r i m e n t u n d e r d i s c u s s i o n , t h e aims and p u r p o s e s o f s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t a r e : 1. To p r o v i d e an o r g a n i z a t i o n where s t a f f and s t u d e n t s w o r k t o g e t h e r f o r t h e w e l f a r e o f t h e s c h o o l . 17. A n n u a l r e p o r t o f t h e N a t i o n a l A s s o c i a t i o n o f S e c o n d a r y S c h o o l P r i n c i p a l s , 1919, IT. S. B u r e a u o f E d u c a t i o n . B. To p r o v i d e a v e n u e s f o r t h e e x p r e s s i o n o f s t u d e n t o p i n i o n on n a t t e r s o f s c h o o l b u s i n e s s . 3 . To c a u s e s t u d e n t s t o t a k e a p e r s o n a l i n t e r e s t i n s o c i a l c o n d i t i o n s I n s o . f a r a s t h e y e x i s t i n t h e s c h o o l . 4. To g i v e s t u d e n t s o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r s e l f - d i r e c t i o n , 5 . To d e v e l o p q u a l i t i e s o f l e a d e r s h i p . 6. To f o s t e r t h e I d e a l s o f w o r t h y c i t i z e n s h i p * 7. To a i d i n t h e development o f w o r t h w h i l e c h a r a c t e r t r a i t s . 8. To p r o v i d e an e d u c a t i o n a l I n f l u e n c e w h i c h a r i s e s from, s u c h c i r c u m s t a n c e s a s , ( a ) The p r e p a r a t i o n and d e l i v e r y o f s p e e c h e s , ( b ) The c r e a t i o n o f p u b l i c o p i n i o n t h r o u g h a s s e m b l i e s . ( c ) The c h o o s i n g o f s t u d e n t l e a d e r s . ( d ) The a p p l i c a t i o n o f t h e f u n d a m e n t a l s o f government, {e) The g o v e r n i n g o f o ne's a c t i o n s i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e w i s h e s o f t h e m a j o r i t y . I t was t h e d e s i r e t o a c c o m p l i s h t h e s e a i m s t h a t l e a d t o t h i s e x p e r i m e n t I n s t u d e n t government and c a u s e d t h e g r o w t h and d e v e l o p m e n t w h i c h h a s r e s u l t e d I n t h e s y s t e m o f s t u d e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n a s i t e x i s t s I n t h e P o i n t G r e y J u n i o r H i g h s c h o o l . K i n d s o f S t u d e n t Government. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 When c o n s i d e r i n g t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f a f o r m o f s t u d e n t government, i t i s w e l l t o remember t h a t t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n w h i c h w i l l be s u c c e s s f u l i n any s c h o o l d e p e n d s upon many f a c t o r s . The c h i e f o f t h e s e a r e l o c a l c o n d i t i o n s , t r a d i t i o n s , s i z e o f s c h o o l , r a p i d i t y o f t u r n o v e r o f b o t h s t a f f and s t u d e n t s , and t h e s o c i a l d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e community. A t t e m p t s o f _ 54 -s c h o o l a u t h o r i t i e s t o meet t h e s e v a r y i n g r e q u i r e m e n t s h a v e r e s u l t e d i n f i v e p r i n c i p a l t y p e s o f s t u d e n t govermuen t . 1 8 These w i l l he d i s c u s s e d i n t u r n , b e g i n n i n g w i t h t h e s i m p l e s t . The I n f o r m a l Type. The i n f o r m a l t y p e may - e a s i l y be p l a c e d f i r s t on the l i s t a s t h e r e I s no s p e c i f i c o r g a n i z a t i o n o f t h e s t u d e n t s , and t h e s c h o o l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n i s not committed t o a n y s p e c i a l p o l i o y . U n d e r t h i s s y s t e m , t h e p r i n c i p a l c a l l s on c e r t a i n o f t h e s e n i o r s t u d e n t s t o a s s i s t a t s p e c i a l t i m e s , and when t h e t a s k i s p e r f o r m e d , t h e y a r e d i s b a n d e d . I n s p i t e o f t h e f a c t t h a t t h e p r i n c i p a l f o r m s a c o m m i t t e e o f s t u d e n t s ' o n l y when s p e c i a l n e e d a r i s e s , s u c h a s y s t e m i s b e t t e r t h a n a b s o l u t i s m even t h o u g h i t t e n d s t o be p a t e r n a l i s t i c W h i l e t h o s e who a r e c a l l e d i n t o a i d do o b t a i n some e x p e r i e n c e i n d e a l i n g w i t h o t h e r s i n t h e s c h o o l community, t h e systern i s so u n l i k e a c t u a l community p r o c e d u r e t h a t t h e e x p e r i e n c e c a n s c a r c e l y be t r a n s p l a n t e d i n t o community l i f e . However, s u c h a s y s t e m s e r v e s as an a p p r o a c h t o a more c o m p l e t e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f s t u d e n t p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n s c h o o l government. The i n f o r m a l t y p e must t h e r e f o r e be r e c o g n i z e d a s a v a l i d s y s t e m . The S p e c i f i c Type. The s p e c i f i c t y p e o f o r g a n i z a t i o n i s b u i l t a r o u n d s p e c i f i c g r o u p s o f s t u d e n t s , e a c h g r o u p b e i n g i n c h a r g e o f a s p e c i a l s c h o o l s e r v i c e s u c h as s e r v i c e i n t h e c a f e t e r i a o r 18. T e r r y , P.W., \" S u p e r v i s i n g E x t r a - C u r r i c u l a r A c t i v i t i e s \" , j3 \u00C2\u00AB O O \u00C2\u00AE l u n c h - r o o m s , i n t h e gymnasium o r on t h e p l a y g r o u n d s . S u c h a s y s t e m u s e s o u t s t a n d i n g t e a c h e r s a n d s t u d e n t s , c h o s e n by t h e p r i n c i p a l o r h i s d e l e g a t e . A l t h o u g h t h i s t y p e o f government i s e a s i l y o r g a n i z e d , t h e f a c t t h a t no c e n t r a l body i s i n c h a r g e o f a l l t h e a c t i v i t i e s sometimes c a u s e s m i s u n d e r s t a n d i n g s due t o o v e r l a p p i n g o f r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s , . However, s i n c e e a c h b o d y lias a s i n g l e p u r p o s e i n m i n d , namely, k e e p i n g t h e g r o u n d s c l e a n , d i s c i p l i n e I n t h e c o r r i d o r s , a n d t h e l i k e , v e r y h i g h s t a n d a r d s a r e o f t e n r e a c h e d . The s p e c i f i c t y p e i s a r e c o g n i z e d b e g i n n i n g a n d c a n be u s e d as a l o g i c a l approach, t o a more c o m p l e t e o r g a n i s a t i o n . The S i m p l e C o u n c i l Type. As s u g g e s t e d i n i t s name, t h e s i m p l e c o u n c i l t y p e c o n s i s t s o f a s i n g l e c o u n c i l r e p r e s e n t i n g t h e w h o l e s c h o o l and c o n c e r n e d w i t h t h e w h o l e r a n g e o f s t u d e n t a c t i v i t i e s . T h i s c o u n c i l i s u s u a l l y c h o s e n b y b a l l o t , t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n b e i n g a r r a n g e d by v a r i o u s m e t h o d s , s u c h a s , by g r a d e s , c l a s s e s , o r c l u b s . As a r u l e c e r t a i n r e g u l a t i o n s g o v e r n t h e c a n d i d a c y , o n l y t h e h i g h e s t r a n k i n g s t u d e n t s b e i n g p e r m i t t e d t o s t a n d f o r e l e c t i o n . The s i m p l e c o u n c i l t y p e w o r k s w e l l i n a s m a l l s c h o o l where t h e s c o p e o f a c t i v i t y i s f a i r l y l i m i t e d , and where c l o s e i n t e r m i n g l i n g o f a l l s t u d e n t s i s p o s s i b l e . I t does p r o v i d e , to a g r e a t e r o r l e s s d e g r e e , many o f t h e a d v a n t a g e s p r o v i d e d by t h e more c o m p l e x f o r m s o f s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t . These a d v a n t a g e s w i l l be d i s c u s s e d i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e o t h e r t y p e s o f o r g a n i z a t i o n . - 36 -The Complex C o u n c i l Type. The complex c o u n c i l t y p e i s f o u n d o n l y i n v e r y l a r g e s c h o o l s . I n s t e a d o f h a v i n g one c e n t r a l o r g a n i z a t i o n , t h e c o u n c i l is- d i v i d e d i n t o s e c t i o n s , e a c h h a v i n g i t s own c e n t r a l c o u n c i l . The number of, s e c t i o n s , and t h e b a s i s upon which, the d i v i s i o n i s made, a r e d e t e r m i n e d b y t h e s i z e o f t h e s c h o o l a n d t h e r e l a t i v e I m p o r t a n c e o f t h e r e s p e c t i v e a c t i v i t i e s . The c h i e f a d v a n t a g e of s u c h a s y s t e m l i e s i n t h e f a c t t h a t a g r e a t d e a l o f b u s i n e s s c a n be t r a n s a c t e d i n a s h o r t t i m e . However, t h e r e i s a g r a v e d i s a d v a n t a g e . I n v a r i a b l y t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n i s so l a r g e t h a t i t becomes cumbersome, and o v e r l a p p i n g of i n t e r e s t s and o f i n f l u e n c e r e s u l t s . T h i s u s u a l l y makes i t n e c e s s a r y t o ' h a v e an e x t r a \" C e n t r a l C o u n c i l \" t o a l l o t a u t h o r i t y and t o see t h a t t h e r e g u l a t i o n s of a l l c o u n c i l s a r e c o r r e l a t e d . The S c h o o l C i t y Type. L i t t l e n eed be s a i d h e r e r e g a r d i n g t h e S c h o o l C i t y type o f s t u d e n t government. I t i s a n i m i t a t i o n o f a d u l t f o r m o f government and as s u c h i t i s not e n t i r e l y s u i t e d t o c h i l d r e n . A l t h o u g h i t has been e s t a b l i s h e d i n some s c h o o l s w i t h c o n s i d e r a b l e s u c c e s s , i t does n o t p r o v i d e p r a c t i c a l s c h o o l government because many o f t h e c i v i c d e p a r t m e n t s and o f f i c e s a r e not d u p l i c a t e d i n t h e s c h o o l , and e v e n i f s u c h o f f i c e s a r e s e t up, the o r g a n i z a t i o n i s much t o o c o m p l i c a t e d to be u n d e r s t o o d by y o u t h . I f any s y s t e m o f government i s not p r o p e r l y u n d e r s t o o d by t h o s e c o n c e r n e d , and i f i t i s so c o m p l i c a t e d t h a t i t must be made to f u n c t i o n , most o f t h e aims an d o b j e c t i v e s o f r e a l e f f i c i e n t s t u d e n t government a r e l o s t s i g h t of and the c h i l d f a i l s to p r o f i t by i t s o r g a n i z a t i o n . F o r t h e s e r e a s o n s , t h e S c h o o l C i t y t y p e i s s e l d o m f o u n d i n o p e r a t i o n . Causes o f t h e F a i l u r e o f Some E x p e r i m e n t s . As s u g g e s t e d above, n o t a l l e x p e r i m e n t s i n s t u d e n t government have been s u c c e s s f u l , and mairy r e a s o n s have been advanced e x p l a i n i n g t h e i r f a i l u r e . Of t h e s e r e a s o n s , two a r e o u t s t a n d i n g . (1) S t u d e n t government ca n n o t be s u c c e s s f u l l y i n t r o d u c e d a t t h e i n s t i g a t i o n of t h e p r i n c i p a l a n d s t a f f . The d e s i r e f o r p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n s c h o o l government must come from t h e s t u d e n t s , making them r e s p o n s i b l e f o r i t s s u c c e s s . In d i s t r i c t s where t h e c h i l d r e n a r e e n t i r e l y u n a c q u a i n t e d w i t h s t u d e n t government, i t i s u s u a l l y n e c e s s a r y f o r t h e s t a f f to c r e a t e t h i s d e s i r e . T h i s i s not d i f f i c u l t t o do, s i n c e a l l t h a t i s n e c e s s a r y i s t o g i v e some s t u d e n t s a t a s t e o f a u t h o r i t y by a l l o t t i n g to them, c e r t a i n s m a l l d u t i e s accompanied b y o e r t a i p r i v i l e g e s . O t h e r s t u d e n t s w i l l s o o n a s k f o r p e r m i s s i o n to t a k e p a r t i n t h i s new f i e l d o f e x p e r i e n c e , and the d e s i r e f o r s t u d e n t p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n s c h o o l government i s c r e a t e d . ( 2 ) S t u d e n t government c a n n o t be i m m e d i a t e l y s e t up i n i t s complete form. I t must grow. The s t u d e n t s must be p r e p a r e d b e f o r e b e i n g c a l l e d upon to assume t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s w h i c h w i l l u l t i m a t e l y be p l a c e d upon them. D i s r e g a r d i n g e i t h e r one o r b o t h o f t h e s e two p o i n t s has c h a r a c t e r i z e d most u n s u c c e s s f u l a t t e m p t s t o e s t a b l i s h s t u d e n t government. They seem t o r e s t a t t h e c o r e o f f a i l u r e . T h i s i s n o t s u r p r i s i n g when i t i s remembered t h a t even i n a d u l t l i f e a p e r i o d o f p r e p a r a t i o n f o r s u c h an i n s t i t u t i o n i s n e c e s s a r y , f o r according-, t o 1.-1 c Doug a l l , \"There I s one r u l e o r l a w w h i c h . . . h o l d s g o o d . , . i n c o l l e c t i v e i m i t a t i o n . . . the i d e a s and s e n t i m e n t s * . . a r e f i r s t i m i t a t e d b y a n o t h e r , and, n o t u n t i l t h e y have become w i d e l y s p r e a d and e s t a b l i s h e d , a r e t h e forms i n w h i c h they a r e e x t e r n a l i z e d , o r expressed, and embodied, a r e t h e y i m i t a t e d a l s o . Thus, i n t h e g r e a t e r i n s t a n c e s o f n a t i o n a l i m i t a t i o n , f o r example, t h e i m i t a t i o n o f th e B r i t i s h p a r l i a m e n t a r y i n s t i t u t i o n s by o t h e r n a t i o n s , t h e r e o c c u r s f i r s t a p e r i o d d u r i n g w h i c h t h e i d e a s and s e n t i m e n t s u n d e r l y i n g them a r e i m i t a t e d ; and i t i s n o t u n t i l t h i s a s s i m i l a t i o n o f i d e a s h a s p a s s e d . . . t h a t e f f e c t i v e i m i t a t i o n o f t h e i n s t i t u t i o n s t h e m s e l v e s i s p o s s i b l e . I f s u c h i n s t i t u -t i o n s a r e imposed upon a p e o p l e by a u t h o r i t y b e f o r e t h i s s t a g e o f a s s i m i l a t i o n has been r e a c h e d , t h e i n s t i t u t i o n s w i l l be l i a b l e t o b r e a k down h o p e l e s s l y . \" Such f a i l u r e s as have o c c u r r e d i n e s t a b l i s h i n g s t u d e n t government have c a u s e d c o n s i d e r a b l e a d v e r s e c r i t i c i s m . The c r i t i c i s m c u l m i n a t e s i n t h e o f t - r e p e a t e d s t a t e m e n t t h a t , even I f s u c c e s s f u l , s t u d e n t government i s o n l y a sham; t h a t t h e o f f i c e r s m e r e l y c a r r y o u t t h e d i c t a t e s of a s u b t l e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n . The f a c t t h a t t h e t e a c h e r ' s p e r s o n a l i t y i s o f t e n f e l t i n a m e e t i n g o f t h e s t u d e n t c o u n c i l i s t o be e x p e c t e d . I t i s n o t uncommon i n c i v i c government f o r a strong-p e r s o n a l i t y t o dominate p r o c e e d i n g s . A t r u e s o c i a l u n i t y 19. H e D o u g a l l , Wm., An I n t r o d u c t i o n t o S o c i a l P s y c h o l o g y , p.294. - 39 -i n c l u d i n g s t u d e n t s and t e a c h e r s , i n w h i c h each has a g e n u i p a r t t o p l a y i s , however, q u i t e p o s s i b l e and many examples o f s u c h o r g a n i z a t i o n may be f o u n d . The s c h o o l u s e d i n t h e p r e s e n t e x p e r i m e n t i s f e l t t o embody p r i n c i p l e s o f t h i s h i g h l y d e s i r a b l e t y p e . CHAPTER V . The P e r i o d o f P r e p a r a t i o n and T r a n s i t i o n . S o u r c e s o f M a t e r i a l , The m a t e r i a l c o n t a i n e d i n t h i s c h a p t e r has been o b t a i n e d f r o m t h e s c h o o l r e c o r d s c h i e f of' w h i c h i s t h e \" S c h o o l B u l l e t i n \" , and as a r e s u l t o f p e r s o n a l p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n the e x p e r i m e n t . During, t h e f i r s t y e a r t h a t t h e s c h o o l was i n o p e r a t i o n , t h e \" B u l l e t i n \" was i s s u e d d a i l y by the A d m i n i s t r a -t i o n O f f i c e . T h r o u g h o u t t h e f o l l o w i n g y e a r and a h a l f i t was i s s u e d t w i c e a week, and s i n c e t h a t t i m e i t has made i t s w e e k l y a p p e a r a n c e on \" B u l l e t i n Pair\". The \" B u l l e t i n \" p l a y s an i m p o r t a n t p a r t i n t h e l i f e o f t h e s c h o o l as i t c o n t a i n s s t u d e n t i n f o r m a t i o n r e g a r d i n g s u c h i t e m s as a t h l e t i c s , d r a m a t i c s , a s s e m b l i e s , and o t h e r s t u d e n t c o u n c i l news, a s w e l l as i n s t r u c t i o n s f r o m t h e O f f i c e . B e s i d e s t h e s t u d e n t i n f o r m a t i o n , t h e r e i s a s e c t i o n o f t h e \" B u l l e t i n \" a d d r e s s e d t o t h e s t a f f i n w h i c h r o u t i n e m a t t e r s a r e d e a l t w i t h and s p e c i a l s e c t i o n s o f t h e s t u d e n t s e c t i o n a r e s t r e s s e d . I t w i l l be r e a d i l y s e e n t h a t the \" B u l l e t i n \" forms an e x c e l l e n t s o u r c e o f m a t e r i a l t h r o u g h w h i c h t o t r a c e t h e growth and change i n S t u d e n t Government i n r e s p e c t to t h i s s c h o o l . The S c h o o l . The P o i n t Grey J u n i o r H i gh S c h o o l was opened i n September, 1929, a l t h o u g h t h e c l a s s e s had been o r g a n i z e d the p r e v i o u s y e a r and had h e l d t h e i r s e s s i o n s i n w i d e l y s c a t t e r e d s c h o o l s t h r o u g h o u t t h e 01 s t r i c t . The a t t e n d a n c e f r o m 1929 to 1955 has a v e r a g e d a p p r o x i m a t e l y f o u r t e e n h u n d r e d s t u d e n t s p e r y e a r . A s c h o o l o f t h i s s i z e p r o v i d e s an i d e a l s i t u a t i o n f o r expe r i m e n t a t i o n . The P r i n c i p a l ' s A t t i t u d e and P o l i c y . The P r i n c i p a l o f t h e s c h o o l was d e s i r o u s o f e s t a b l i s h -i n g some f o r m o f s t u d e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n w h i c h would l e a d to t h e p e r s o n a l and s o c i a l development of t h e s t u d e n t s . He was a l s o 20 c o g n i z a n t o f t h e f a c t t h at two f u n d a m e n t a l p r i n c i p l e s 'must be o b s e r v e d i f s u c h an o r g a n i z a t i o n was to f u n c t i o n s u c c e s s f u l l y . These a r e , (1) The d e s i r e f o r s t u d e n t p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n s c h o o l government must come from t h e s t u d e n t s , and (2) The o r g a n i z a -t i o n must grow; t h e s t u d e n t s must be p r e p a r e d i f they a r e to assume a n a c t i v e p a r t i n a s u c c e s s f u l s t u d e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n . A p a r t f r o m t h e s e two f u n d a m e n t a l p r i n c i p l e s , t h e s t a f f must e n t e r i n t o t h e u n d e r t a k i n g w i t h a s p i r i t o f c o o p e r a t i o n i f v s u c c e s s i s t o b e a t t a i n e d . W i t h t h e s e p o i n t s i n mind, t h e P r i n c i p a l chose t o p r e p a r e t h e s t u d e n t s by i n t r o d u c i n g a s y s t e m w h i c h combined a \" f o r m a l \" c l a s s o r g a n i z a t i o n w i t h \" i n f o r m a l \" o r g a n i z a t i o n i n m a t t e r s a f f e c t i n g - t h e who l e s c h o o l . The Home Room. The home room o r g a n i z a t i o n i s t h e c o r e o f t h e whole i d e a of s u c c e s s f u l s t u d e n t p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n s c h o o l g overnment. The ?home room' i n the s c h o o l u n d e r d i s c u s s i o n i s t h e room 20. I b i d . , p.. 3 7 . t o w h i c h a c l a s s i s a s s i g n e d f o r r o l l c a l l and r e p o r t p u r p o s e s , The 'home room' and t h e 'home room t e a c h e r ' r e m a i n t h e same f o r each c l a s s t h r o u g h o u t t h e s c h o o l ; r e a r . The v a l u e s o f t h e home room have been v a r i o u s l y o u t l i n e d by many a u t h o r i t i e s . P r o b a b l y i t i s s u f f i c i e n t h e r e to t a b u l a t e t h e p u r p o s e s as o u t l i n e d by F r e t w e l l when he s t a t e s t h a t t h e home room p r o v i d e s , \" ( a ) O p p o r t u n i t y f o r e t h i c a l , e d u c a t i o n a l , and v o c a t i o n a l g u i d a n c e , ( b ) O p p o r t u n i t y f o r p r a c t i c i n g s e l f - d i r e c t i v e , d e m o c r a t i c c i t i z e n s h i p , ( c ) An e n r i c h m e n t o f classroom, a c t i v i t y , (d) A means f o r t h e f o r m a t i o n o f d e s i r a b l e p u b l i c o p i n i o n , ( e ) An a d m i n i s t r a t i v e u n i t f o r Pi r o u t i n e m a t t e r s . \" These p u r p o s e s c a n b e s t be a t t a i n e d , and t h e s e e d s o f s t u d e n t government can b e s t be sown i n a home room where t h e s t u d e n t s a r e o r g a n i z e d i n some w o r k a b l e f o r m o f c l a s s government. I t was wi t h t h ese aims i n mind t h a t t h e f o r m a l c l a s s o r g a n i z a t i o n was s e t up e a r l y i n t h e o p e n i n g y e a r o f t h i s n ewly e s t a b l i s h e d s c h o o l . The G l a s s O r g a n i z a t i o n . S i n c e i t was t h e i n t e n t i o n o f t h e P r i n c i p a l to g i v e to as many s t u d e n t s as p o s s i b l e t h e o p p o r t u n i t y to d i s p l a y l e a d e r s h i p , e l e c t i o n s were h e l d e v e r y two months, and o n l y by s p e c i a l p e r m i s s i o n f r o m t h e P r i n c i p a l was any o f f i c e r p e r m i t t e d t o s t a n d f o r r e - e l e c t i o n . As t h e r e were se v e n c l a s s o f f i c e s t o be f i l l e d , i t t h u s became p o s s i b l e f o r t h i r t y - f i v e members o f each c l a s s t o h o l d o f f i c e d u r i n g t h a t f i r s t y e a r . 2 l U P r e W e l l , E.K., E x t r a - Our r i c u l a r A c t i v i t i e s i n the S e c o n d a r y S c h o o l s , p . 47, These r e g u l a t i o n s s e r v e d a n o t h e r i m p o r t a n t p u r p o s e d u r i n g t h a t y e a r . The s t u d e n t s had been g a t h e r e d f r o m v a r i o u s e l e m e n t a r y s c h o o l s and t h e f o r m e r s c h o o l s p i r i t o f e a c h g r o u p t e n d e d to p e r s i s t . These g r o u p s o r c l i q u e s had t o be b r o k e n up b e f o r e a new s c h o o l s p i r i t c o u l d be a t t a i n e d . In c l a s s e l e c t i o n s t h e home room t e a c h e r a v o i d e d making an i s s u e o f the e l e m e n t a r y s c h o o l b ackground o f any c a n d i d a t e , b u t a t t e m p t e d t o have p u p i l s f r o m s e v e r a l s c h o o l s e l e c t e d t o t h e c l a s s o f f i c e s . T h i s v i g i l a n c e on the p a r t o f t h e home room t e a c h e r , t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e f r e q u e n c y o f e l e c t i o n s , a i d e d i n b r e a k i n g up the c l i q u e s f r o m v a r i o u s s c h o o l s and i n e s t a b l i s h i n g a new s c h o o l s p i r i t . E a c h c l a s s e l e c t e d f r o m among i t s own members a p r e s i d e n t , v i c e - p r e s i d e n t , s e c r e t a r y - t r e a s u r e r , two room m o n i t o r s , a n d two g u i d e s . The room m o n i t o r s were r e s p o n s i b l e f o r s u c h t h i n g s as t h e c a r e of t h e b l a c k b o a r d s and b r u s h e s , and f o r d e l i v e r i n g t o t h e o f f i c e a n y a r t i c l e s l e f t i n t h e room by s t u d e n t s i n o t h e r c l a s s e s . I t was n o t n e c e s s a r y t h a t t h e y do t h i s work t h e m s e l v e s b u t th e y were r e s p o n s i b l e f o r r o t a t i n g t h e d u t i e s among o t h e r members o f t h e c l a s s and f o r s e e i n g t h a t i t was done. T h i s , g a v e t h e m o n i t o r s the o p p o r t u n i t y o f d i r e c t i n g , to a l i m i t e d e x t e n t , the a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e home room. The r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s o f t h e g u i d e s were few b u t v e r y i m p o r t a n t f r o m t h e p o i n t o f v i e w of t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n . The s c h o o l i s a t h r e e - s t o r e y b u i l d i n g w i t h a s p i r a l s t a i r w a y i n each c o r n e r . One s t a i r w a y a t each e n d o f the b u i l d i n g i s d e s i g n a t e d as an 'up' s t a i r w a y , t h e o t h e r a t each end i s a 'down' s t a i r w a y . I t was t h e d u t y o f the g u i d e s to c h o o s e the s h o r t e s t r o u t e f r o m one c l a s s t o t h e n e x t , u s i n g t h e p r o p e r s t a i r w a y s . Throughout the y e a r a g r e a t d e a l o f t r a f f i c c o n g e s t i o n was e l i m i n a t e d by h a v i n g g u i d e s whose d u t y i t was to s t u d y t h e l a y o u t o f the s c h o o l and choose t h e p r o p e r r o u t e s . I t was a l s o t h e dxxty o f the g u i d e s t o be c o n v e r s a n t wi t h the r o u t e s f r o m t h e v a r i o u s s u b j e c t rooms to t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e f i r e e x i t s . T h i s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y , p r o p e r l y c a r r i e d o u t , e l i m i n a t e d c o n s i d e r a b l e c o n f u s i o n on t h e o c c a s i o n o f f i r e d r i l l . The c l a s s s e c r e t a r y - t r e a s u r e r had two c h i e f d u t i e s . I t was h i s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o r e p o r t t o t h e o f f i c e any s u g g e s t i o n s made by t h e c l a s s w h i c h m i g h t l e a d to t h e improve-ment o f any e x i s t i n g s i t u at i o n . One s u c h s u g g e s t i o n a r o s e f r o m t r a f f i c c o n g e s t i o n . T h e r e i s one n a r r o w h a l l w h i c h r u n s t h e w i d t h o f the b u i l d i n g . I t sometimes happened t h a t two c l a s s e s were g o i n g i n o p p o s i t e d i r e c t i o n s i n t h i s h a l l a t t h e same t i m e . As a l l c l a s s e s t r a v e l l e d In d o u b l e f i l e , the f i r s t -c l a s s t o a r r i v e b l o c k e d t h e p a s s a g e . Some c l a s s e s had o c c a s i o n t o u s e t h i s h a l l o n l y o n c e a week and I n t h e i n t e r i m a p p a r e n t l y -f o r g o t i t s n a r r o w n e s s u n t i l too l a t e to a v o i d a ' j am'. T h i s s i t u a t i o n was p o i n t e d out t o t h e P r i n c i p a l t h r o u g h a c l a s s s e c r e t a r y - t r e a s u r e r and the d i f f i c u l t y was overcome by making s p e c i f i c r e f e r e n c e t o i t i n an a s s e m b l y and p l a c i n g a s i g n \" S i n g l e P i l e \" a t e a c h end o f t h e h a l l . The o t h e r c h i e f duty o f t h e c l a s s s e c r e t a r y - t r e a s u r e r was t o h a n d l e s t u d e n t f u n d s . I t was c o n s i d e r e d w i s e t o have a t e a c h e r , known as t h e s c h o o l t r e a s u r e r , as a c e n t r a l head f o r a l l s c h o o l money m a t t e r s . I t t h e r e f o r e hecame t h e d u t y o f t h e c l a s s s e c r e t a r y - t r e a s u r e r to c o l l e c t and hand t o t h e s c h o o l t r e a s u r e r t h e a c t i v i t y f e e s . The f i r s t r e f e r e n c e to e x t r a - c u r r i c u l a r a c t i v i t i e s a p p e a r e d i n t h e \" B u l l e t i n \" o f O c t o b e r 15, 1929, when twenty s u g g e s t e d c l u b s were l i s t e d . A l a t e r i s s u e shows the f o l l o w i n g membership. ( f i g u r e 8 ) . C l u b . Membership. C l u b . Membership. A r t 11 M a g a z i n e 9 A r t M e t a l , 13 N a t u r e 7 A v i a t i o n , . . . . . . . . 9 O r c h e s t r a . . . . . . . . . 16 B a s k e t r y . . . . . . . . . 4-2 P r i n t i n g . ......... 14 C o o k i n g . \u00C2\u00AB \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 * . \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00C2\u00AB . . . 21 P a d i o . . . . . . . . . . . . . ^ D e b a t i n g . . . . . . . . . 27 S c i e n c e . . . . . . . . . . . D r a m a t i c s 63 Sewing. ........... F i r s t A i d . . . . . . . . 20 Stamps & P u z z l e s . . Gymnasium. ........ 87 Woodwork. ......... 29 22 15 30 24 F i r s t c l u b s i n t h e P o i n t G r e y J u n i o r H i g h S c h o o l , 1929. F i g . 8. T h i s was t h e s m a l l b e g i n n i n g o f t h e c l u b o r g a n i z a t i o n w h i c h , t o d a y , embodies f o r t y - t w o a c t i v e c l u b s w i t h a membership r a n g i n g f r o m s i x to s e v e n t y - t h r e e . The l i s t o f p r e s e n t c l u b s w i t h t h e i r membership i s shown i n f i g u r e 9. A l t h o u g h t h e number o f c l u b s was l i m i t e d d u r i n g t h o s e e a r l y months, i t was n e c e s s a r y t o c h a r g e a n a c t i v i t y f e e i n o r d e r t o s u p p l y such t h i n g s as a t h l e t i c equipment, books o f f i c t i o n f o r t h e l i b r a r y , and o t h e r permanent equipment. I t was t h e d u t y o f t h e c l a s s s e c r e t a r y - t r e a s u r e r t o c o l l e c t t h i s f e e , t h e u s e o f w h i c h o f t e n r e q u i r e d c o n s i d e r a b l e e x p l a n a t i o n b e f o r e the s t u d e n t s were s a t i s f i e d a s t o i t s n e c e s s i t y . 46 \u00C2\u00AB\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 P a r t A. C l u b s w h i c h do n o t meet d u r i n g t h e r e g u l a r o l u b p e r i o d . S t u d e n t s e n r o l l e d i n t h i s g r o u p o f c l u b s a r e p e r m i t t e d t o j o i n a c l u b i n p a r t B a l s o C l u b Membership Badminton, mixed 68 Band, m ........ 27 B o x i n g , boys,.....17 O r c h e s t r a , m 15 Glub Rugby, R e f e r e e s , R e f e r e e s , P i n g pong, Membership boys,....40 g i r l s , . . . 24 b ....... 18 b 15 P a r t B. C l u b s w h i c h meet d u r i n g t h e r e g u l a r c l u b p e r i o d . S t u d e n t s a r e p e r m i t t e d t o j o i n o n l y one o f t h e s e c l u b s . Membership i s l i m i t e d t o Grades V I I I and IX. C l u b Membership C l u b Membership A r c h e r y , . . . . b o y s , . . A r t M e t a l , . .mixed, . B a s k e t r y , . . .m, C a r e e r , .... .m, C a r t o o n , . . . .m, .... . 0amp C o o k e r y , b o y s , . D a n c i n g , . . . g i r l s , . D r a m a t i c , . . m, E l e c t r i c a l , g i r l s , . E m b r o i d e r y , g , F i r s t A i d , g,. . . . . F i r s t A i d , b o y s , . . F r e n c h , . . . m i x e d , . F r e t w o r k , , m, G l e e , ( j u n i o r ) m i x e d , , G l e e , ( s e n i o r j m i x e d , , Harmonica,..mixed,., .19 .20 36 21 17 26 35 25 14 26 22 20 is 25 50 30 63 L e a t h e r Work, mixed, L i b r a r y , .. Mag a z i n e , . -. M o d e l Y a c h t , Mummers, . . . . S k e t c h i n g , .. Penmanship, . Ph o t o g r a p h y , P o s t e r , Stamp, S c i e n c e , T u m b l i n g , . . . Typine-\u00C2\u00BB o * * \u00C2\u00AB m, . m, . boy m, m, m, m, . . . , m, . . .. m, . . . . i l l . j e a c e boys, . mixed, 9 25 6 29 28 7 .14 .12 .34 .42 .36 .30 T y p o g r a p h i c a l , b o y s , 15 Y a r n G r a f t s , . g i r l s , . . .75 S t u d y Group, . mixed, .. .40 S t u d y Group,. m,......,31 The c l u b p e r i o d i s f r o m 3 t o 4 p.m., one day a week. T h i s p r o v i d e s h a l f an h o u r o f s c h o o l t i m e and h a l f an h o u r o f e x t r a time f o r c l u b a c t i v i t i e s . S c h o o l C l u b s i n P o i n t Grey J u n i o r H i g h S c h o o l , 1935. F i g . 9. The d u t i e s o f the c l a s s p r e s i d e n t were n o t d e f i n i t e l y o u t l i n e d b u t the y c o n t a i n e d a v a r i e t y o f r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s . In t h e c l a s s - r o o m , t h e p r e s i d e n t was c o n s i d e r e d t o be i n charge i f t h e t e a c h e r were a b s e n t . He was r e s p o n s i b l e f o r su c h t h i n g s . as a n s w e r i n g the t e l e p h o n e and t a k i n g messages when n e c e s s a r y , and a n n o u n c i n g changes i n c l a s s work a t s p e c i f i e d t i m e s . In the home room t h e p r e s i d e n t a s s i s t e d i n t h e r o l l c a l l p e r i o d by p r e p a r i n g t h e time s h e e t s f o r t h e day and r e g i s t e r i n g the a b s e n t e e s . I t was h i s duty to a s s i s t n e w . s t u d e n t s t o become a c q u a i n t e d w i t h members o f t h e c l a s s , t o i n f o r m them o f s c h o o l r e g u l a t i o n s , and, i n e v e r y way p o s s i b l e , t o make them \" f e e l a t home\". He was a s s i s t e d i n a l l h i s d u t i e s by t h e v i c e -p r e s i d e n t who assumed t h e p r e s i d e n t ' s r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s s h o u l d h i s s e n i o r o f f i c e r be a b s e n t f r o m s c h o o l . The ' S p e c i a l Committee' P o l i c y . In r e s p e c t t o t h e s c h o o l as a whole, t h e method o f t r a i n i n g t h e s t u d e n t s f o r p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n s c h o o l government was ba s e d on t h e ' s p e c i a l committee'. Some o f t h e s e committees were temporary,- e x i s t i n g f o r o n l y a few days, b e i n g d i s b a n d e d when they had c o m p l e t e d t h e i r s p e c i a l d u t y ; o t h e r s c o n t i n u e d t o f u n c t i o n f o r a l o n g e r p e r i o d , p e r h a p s f o r a month o r even f o r a s c h o o l term, d e p e n d i n g on t h e n a t u r e o f t h e i r p a r t i c u l a r p r o b l e m s . F o r i n s t a n c e , one o f t h e f i r s t needs i n a s c h o o l w h i c h i s i n t r o d u c i n g .the s t u d e n t s t o t h e p l a t o o n s y s t e m i s a \" L o s t - a n d - F o u n d \" d e p a r t m e n t . T h i s d e p a r t m e n t i s n e c e s s a r y b e c a u s e t h e s t u d e n t s who have b e e n accustomed to r e m a i n i n g i n one room and h a v i n g a d e s k ' o f t h e i r own', a r e now r e q u i r e d to move f r o m room t o room f o r t h e i r d i f f e r e n t s u b j e c t s . So many a r t i c l e s a r e l e f t b e h i n d when t h e y change c l a s s r o o m s t h a t some sys t e m must be p r o v i d e d whereby t h e s e b e l o n g i n g s may be r e t u r n e d t o the p r o p e r owners. The f o l l o w i n g n o t i c e appeared i n t h e \" B u l l e t i n \" e a r l y i n September,-\"Wanted,- S e v e r a l s t u d e n t s t o v o l u n t e e r f o r s e r v i c e i n the - \" L o s t - a n d - F o u n d \" S e r v i c e C l u b . The P r i n c i p a l w i l l make a c h o i c e f r o m t h e v o l u n t e e r s and t h o s e c h o s e n w i l l be n o t i f i e d . P l a c e y o u r name and c l a s s number on a p i e c e o f p a p e r and hand i t i n to t h e o f f i c e t o d a y . \" ^ The s t u d e n t s a s s i g n e d t o t h i s d e p a r t m e n t were changed m o n t h l y w i t h a v i e w t o g i v i n g a g r e a t e r number o f s t u d e n t s e x p e r i e n c e i n an o f f i c i a l c a p a c i t y . A t f i r s t t he department-r e q u i r e d . a g r e a t d e a l o f a s s i s t a n c e f r o m t h e s c h o o l o f f i c e , i t b e i n g n e c e s s a r y t o l i s t t h e \" f o u n d 8 a r t i c l e s i n t h e \" B u l l e t i n \" and have t h e s t u d e n t s c a l l a t t h e o f f i c e f o r t h e i r l o s t b e l o n g i n g s . T h i s arrangement gave t h e s c h o o l a d m i n i s -t r a t o r s an o p p o r t u n i t y t o c o n t a c t d i r e c t l y w i t h t h e f o r g e t f u l s t u d e n t s and made i t p o s s i b l e f o r t h o s e i n c h a r g e t o d e a l a c c o r d i n g l y w i t h t h o s e who a p p e a r e d most f r e q u e n t l y . As t h e s t u d e n t s t h r o u g h o u t t h e s c h o o l g r a d u a l l y became accustomed t o t a l c i n g w i t h them a l l t h e i r b e l o n g i n g s as t h e y moved f r o m room to room, t h e number of l o s t a r t i c l e s d e c r e a s e d and t h e f r e q u e n t o f f e n d e r s d i m i n i s h e d . I n t h e c o u r s e o f t i m e the h e a d q u a r t e r s o f t h e L o s t - a n d - P o u n d department were e s t a b l i s h e d a p a r t f r o m t h e o f f i c e , a t e a c h e r b e i n g i n c h a r g e o f t h e s t u d e n t - a s s i s t a n t s . D u r i n g s u c c e e d i n g y e a r s the o r g a n i s a t i o n o f t h i s d epartment has e v o l v e d t o s u c h a n e x t e n t t h a t t o d a y i t i s h a n d l e d by a s t a f f o f s t u d e n t s who keep a r e g u l a r i n d e x o f ' f o u n d 1 a r t i c l e s w h i c h a r e c l a i m e d by the s t u d e n t s at t h e Lost-and--Found w i c k e t a t r e g u l a r l y s p e c i f i e d t i m e s . 22. The B u l l e t i n , S e p t . 29, 1929. The \" s p e c i a l c o m m i ttee\" o r g a n i z a t i o n was u s e d i n a l l phases o f s c h o o l l i f e . The scope o f i t s a p p l i c a t i o n i s i n d i c a t e d by the f o l l o w i n g ; Gymnasium S e r v i c e C l u b ( b o y s and g i r l s ) - , Grounds Committee, Lunch Room Committee, and Orphanage Committee. F i g u r e 10 i l l u s t r a t e s t h e d i r e c t c o n n e c t i o n between the P r i n c i p a l and h i s s t u d e n t - a s s i s t a n t s i n the \" s p e c i a l c ommittee\" t y p e o f s t u d e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n . P r i n c i p a l and S t a f f A d v i s o r C l e a n - u p ' Com. O n l y f o u r o f t h e many committees, and s e v e n o f the- t h i r t y - f i v e c l a s s e s a r e r e p r e s e n t e d above. The 1 s p e c i a l committee' t y p e o f s t u d e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n ' , and \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 ' f o r m a l ' c l a s s o r g a n i z a t i o n , ( 1 9 2 9 ) . P i g . 10 These committees s u c c e e d e d i n p e r f o r m i n g e x c e l l e n t l y t h e d u t i e s a s s i g n e d to them. However, more i m p o r t a n t t h a n t h e i r h i g h s t a n d a r d o f a c h i e v e m e n t was t h e f a c t t h a t t h e i d e a o f s t u d e n t p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n t h e c o n t r o l o f the s c h o o l was g r a d u a l l y s p r e a d i n g among t h e s t u d e n t s . T h i s was v e r y n o t i c e a b l e 50, whenever' t h e E r i n c i p a l c a l l e d f o r v o l u n t e e r s b e c a u s e l i e a l w a y s r e c e i v e d more o f f e r s o f h e l p than he r e q u i r e d . T h i s e n t h u s i a s m on t h e p a r t o f t h e s t u d e n t s was what the P r i n c i p a l had been e x p e c t i n g , t h e r e f o r e he was n o t s u r p r i s e d when a d e l e g a t i o n o f s e n i o r s t u d e n t s a s k e d f o r a n i n t e r v i e w w i t h him to d i s c u s s t h e p o s s i b l e f o r m a t i o n o f a d e f i n i t e s t u d e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n . I t \"was f o l l o w i n g t h i s i n t e r v i e w t h a t the P r i n c i p a l i s s u e d t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t i n t h e \" B u l l e t i n \" , \u00E2\u0080\u0094 \"At t h e r e q u e s t o f s e v e r a l Grade H s t u d e n t s , The f o l l o w i n g ( s e v e n boys an d s e v e n g i r l s were l i s t e d ) a r e a s k e d t o m eet i n the o f f i c e t o m o r r o w a t 5:30 t o l a y p l a n s f o r t h e f o r m a t i o n o f a S c h o o l S e r v i c e C l u b . \" * 0 Out o f t h i s s e r v i c e ' c l u b t h e r e g r a d u a l l y e v o l v e d a S t u d e n t E x e c u t i v e 'which began t o t a k e an a c t i v e p a r t i n s t u d e n t a j . f a i r s . The Growth o f t h e S t u d e n t C o u n c i l . The S c h o o l S e r v i c e C l u b . As has b e e n s t a t e d , t h e P r i n c i p a l * s p o l i c y was t o t r a i n t h e s t u d e n t s i n p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n government by u t i l i z i n g an i n f o r m a l o r g a n i s a t i o n . I t was i n p u r s u i t o f t h i s p o l i c y t h a t t h e S c h o o l S e r v i c e C l u b was o r g a n i z e d i n J a n u a r y o f 1930, l e s s t h a n f i v e m onths a f t e r t h e s c h o o l was opened. I t s p u r p o s e was t o d e a l w i t h some o f the m a j o r i t e m s w h i c h c o n c e r n e d t h e whole s c h o o l , s u c h as p r o v i d i n g a t h l e t i c equipment, p u r c h a s i n g 23. The B u l l e t i n , J a n . 20, 1930. n o v e l s f o r t h e l i b r a r y , i m p r o v i n g s c h o o l d i s c i p l i n e , ana b u i l d i n g up s c h o o l s p i r i t . The s i m p l e f o r m o f s t u d e n t o r g a n i -s a t i o n a t t h i s t i m e i s shown i n f i g u r e 1 1 . P r i n c i p a l a n d S t a f f M v i s o r s J Lo. s t - and-Poundi S e r v i c e G l u b (Glass] 1 51a s. t r e s . V - p r e s , S e c y -T r e a s . . Two [ M o n i t o r s Two xides C a f e t e r i a |ServiGe ;. Glubl G l a s s O n l y f o u r o f the many permanent c l u b s and n i n e o f t h e t h i r t y - f i v e c l a s s e s a r e r e p r e s e n t e d a b o v e . S t u d e n t O r g a n i z a t i o n , ( S p r i n g 1 9 3 0 ) . I l l u s t r a t i n g t h e / r e l a t i o n s h i p e x i s t i n g b e t w e e n t h e P r i n c i p a l , S c h o o l S e r v i c e G l u b , and o t h e r permanent c l u b s , and t h e f o r m a l c l a s s o r g a n i s a t i o n . f i g . 11 T h r o u g h o u t t h e s p r i n g o f 1930 t h e s c h o o l s e r v i c e c l u b f u n c t i o n e d w i t h c o n s i d e r a b l e s u c c e s s and t h e s t u d e n t ' b o d y began t o l o o k u p o n i t as the medium t h r o u g h w h i c h t o - a p p r o a c h t h e s c h o o l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n . While- t h e P r i n c i p a l a n d s t a f f c o o p e r a t e d 5\u00C2\u00A3. w i t h the st u d e n t s i n every way p o s s i b l e , i t was found that i n a new s c h o o l i t was d i f f i c u l t to g i v e immediate a t t e n t i o n to the many student requirements, f o r example: h i c y c l e sheds, ' f o o t b a l l g o a l s , \"baseball bases, and the l i k e . S i n c e the s c h o o l s e r v i c e c l u b d i s c u s s e d these mutters b e f o r e they were presented to the P r i n c i p a l , they became s o r t e d out and o n l y the most urgent r e q u i r e m e n t s were c o n t a i n e d i n r e q u e s t s made t o the a d m i n i s t r a t i o n * As a r u l e the student body was s a t i s f i e d with, the d e c i s i o n s o f the s c h o o l s e r v i c e c l u b r e g a r d i n g the importance o f these i t eras. The P r i n c i p a l was aware o f a l l these needs, but here a g a i n h i s p o l i c y o f s c h o o l o r g a n i z a t i o n i s e x e m p l i f i e d . I t was a ' w a i t i n g ' p o l i c y , w a i t i n g f o r the st u d e n t s t o make the r e q u e s t , thereby laaking them r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a c h i e v i n g t h e i r d e s i r e s . He was, t h e r e f o r e , u s u a l l y g u i d e d by the r e q u e s t s from t h e s c h o o l s e r v i c e c l u b r e g a r d i n g the urgency and v a l i d i t y of the d e s i r e s o f the s t u d e n t s . A Student Movement f o r G r e a t e r P a r t i c i p a t i o n . B e f o r e the end o f June 1950, t h e r e was a student movement which c u l m i n a t e d i n .a request t o t h e P r i n c i p a l f o r a more r e p r e s e n t a t i v e S c h o o l S e r v i c e Glub which might be c a l l e d the Student C o u n c i l . As a r e s u l t the P r i n c i p a l promised that a more r e p r e s e n t a t i v e body would be s e l e c t e d viien s c h o o l opened I n September. The Grades' C o u n c i l . I n accordance w i t h t h i s promise the f o l l o w i n g announcement appeared i n the \" B u l l e t i n \" i n the F a l l , -\"GLASSROOM ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDENT COUNCIL. E a c h e l a s s w i l l e l e c t t h i s week ( i f p o s s i b l e ) a P r e s i d e n t , V i c e - p r e s i d e n t , S e c r e t a r y , T r e a s u r e r , Two G u i d e s , and Two M o n i t o r s . I n raized c l a s s e s t h e r e s h o u l d be one boy and one g i r l as g u i d e s . I t i s hoped t h a t e a c h c l a s s w i l l s e l e c t i t s b e s t members to f i l l t h e s e o f f i c e s , the terra w i l l g e n e r a l l y be f o r two months d u r a t i o n . One g u i d e o r one m o n i t o r s h o u l d be s e l e c t e d as a c l a s s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e to t h e G r a d e s ' C o u n c i l . F u r t h e r d e t a i l s o f t h e S t u d e n t C o u n c i l o r g a n i z a t i o n w i l l be announced s o o n . \" 4 On September 29, t h e f i r s t m e e t i n g o f t h e G r a d e s ' C o u n c i l was h e l d . A t t h i s m e e t i n g t h e s e c l a s s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s e l e c t e d t h e i r e x e c u t i v e o f f i c e r s . I t i s i n t e r e s t i n g to n o t e the d i s t r i b u t i o n o f r e p r e s e n t a t i o n as a n n o t a t e d f r o m t h e m i n u t e s o f t h e m e e t i n g . The t o t a l c o u n c i l c o n s i s t e d o f 35 . members, n i n e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s f r o m g r a d e IX, t h i r t e e n f r o m g r a d e V I I I , and t h i r t e e n f r o m g r a d e V I I . The l i s t of o f f i c e r s shows f i v e g r a d e IX s t u d e n t s , one f r o m g r a d e V I I I , and one f r o m g r a d e V I I . T h i s o n e - s i d e d e x e c u t i v e was p r o b a b l y f o r t u n a t e as i t g a v e the most r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o t h e o l d e r s t u d e n t s who b e t t e r u n d e r s t o o d what was e x p e c t e d o f them. F i g u r e 12 i l l u s t r a t e s t h e s t u d e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n , September 1930. Weaknesses o f the G r a d e s ' C o u n c i l . T h i s f o r m o f o r g a n i z a t i o n , a l t h o u g h an advance o v e r t h e p r e v i o u s system, was n o t e n t i r e l y s u c c e s s f u l . No one was s u r e t h a t t h e s t u d e n t s were r e a d y f o r f o r m a l o r g a n i z a t i o n o f s t u d e n t government, a n d r a t h e r t h a n p l u n g e i n t o a f o r m o f o r g a n i z a t i o n w h i c h m i g h t f a i l and r e s u l t i n t h e l o s s o f what had been a c c o m p l i s h e d , i t was hoped t h a t t h e c l a s s o r g a n i z a t i o n 24. The B u l l e t i n , September 22, 1950. w o u l d r e m a i n s t r o n g by p l a c i n g t h e b e s t s t u d e n t s i n c l a s s o f f i c e s , t h e r e b y f o r m i n g a r e s e r v e f o r c e i n c a s e t h e G r a d e s ' C o u n c i l s h o u l d f a i l . T h i s , o f c o u r s e , was sound p o l i c y . I t s weakness l a y i n the recommendation made by t h e P r i n c i p a l , H i m s e l f , d e s i g n e d t o be a \" s a f e t y measure\". He s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h e G r a d e s ' C o u n c i l be composed of e i t h e r a m o n i t o r o r a g u i d e f r o m each c l a s s . I t i s t o be e x p e c t e d t h a t , at l e a s t a t f i r s t , t h e b e s t c l a s s m a t e r i a l would be e l e c t e d i n t h e f o l l o w i n g o r d e r , p r e s i d e n t , v i c e - p r e s i d e n t , s e c r e t a r y , t r e a s u r e r , m o n i t o r s and g u i d e s . T h i s a u t o m a t i c a l l y meant t h a t t h e b e s t s t u d e n t s were l i k e l y n o t to be i n t h e g r a d e s ' c o u n c i l . ( L a t e r some o f t h e c l a s s e s , r e a l i z i n g t h i s weakness, e l e c t e d a s a m o n i t o r o r a g u i d e an o u t s t a n d i n g s t u d e n t who w o u l d r e p r e s e n t them i n the c o u n c i l . ) As a r e s u i t many c o m p a r a t i v e l y weak s t u d e n t s f o u n d t h e i r way t o t h i s f i r s t g r a d e s ' c o u n c i l . T h i s was r e m e d i e d t h e f o l l o w i n g y e a r when t h e c l a s s p r e s i d e n t s a c t e d a s r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s t o t h e g r a d e s ' c o u n c i l . The c o u n c i i was s t r e n g t h e n e d , but t h e r e a p p e a r e d a new d i f f i c u l t y . I t was f o u n d t h a t t h e new arr a n g e m e n t o f r e p r e s e n t a t i o n gave too much a u t h o r i t y to a l i m i t e d few s t u d e n t s s i n c e they were I n a u t h o r i t y o v e r t h e i r c l a s s e s and a l s o o v e r t h e s t u d e n t body. Through s u b s e q u e n t r e o r g a n i z a t i o n t h i s d u p l i c a t i o n o f a u t h o r i t y was overcome i n t h i s way. E a c h c l a s s was p e r m i t t e d t o e l e c t a s p e c i a l r e p r e s e n t a t i v e t o t h e g r a d e s ' c o u n c i l and any c l a s s o f f i c e r so e l e c t e d t o a h i g h e r o f f i c e was r e q u i r e d t o r e s i g n f r o m h i s c l a s s o f f i c e b e f o r e a s s u m i n g o f f i c e i n t h e c o u n c i l . T h i s arrangement p r o v e d t o be s a t i s f a c t o r y as i t a v o i d e d I P i u \u00E2\u0080\u00A2ri & O o ti w ti ctf-H \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 P w o ' t u O CJ \u00C2\u00A9 r-i \u00E2\u0080\u00A2tf ti ta CJ \u00C2\u00A9 'H , CD \u00C2\u00A9 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2H g cd -h o H a \u00C2\u00A9 \u00C2\u00A9 O i O H ) o o 5-o v e r l a p p i n g o f a u t h o r i t y and a l s o p e r m i t t e d more s t u d e n t s to o b t a i n e x p e r i e n c e i n s c h o o l g o v ernment. The I n s t i t u t i o n o f t h e E x e c u t i v e C o u n c i l , \u00E2\u0080\u00A2During s u b s e q u e n t months, the P r i n c i p a l f o u n d t h a t he r e q u i r e d a p o i n t o f c o n t a c t w i t h the g r a d e s ' c o u n c i l so t h a t he m i g h t d i s c u s s m a t t e r s p r i v a t e l y b e f o r e t h e m e e t i n g o f t h e c o u n c i l t o o k p l a c e . I t t h e r e f o r e r e s u l t e d t h a t he c a l l e d i n t h e o f f i c e r s o f the c o u n o i l f o r t h e s e d i s c u s s i o n s and g r a d u a l l y , t h e y became known as the E x e c u t i v e C o u n c i l ( s e v e n members), t h e g r a d e s ' c o u n c i l becoming t h e L e g i s l a t i v e C o u n c i l . The use o f t h e s e names added g r e a t l y t o t h e p r e s t i g e o f t h e o f f i c e -h o l d e r s and i n c r e a s e d t h e h o n o u r a t t a c h e d t o e l e c t i o n t o o f f i c e . By t h i s s t a g e i n t h e e x p e r i m e n t the o r g a n i z a t i o n had u n d e r g o n e c o n s i d e r a b l e change. The new s e t - u p i s i l l u s t r a t e d i n f i g u r e 15. The Powers o f the C o u n c i l A r e D e l e g a t e d Powers. I t i s a x i o m a t i c by a l l who a r e c o n c e r n e d w i t h s t u d e n t government t h a t t h e powers o f t h e c o u n c i l s h o u l d be d e l e g a t e d powers. The members o f t h e c o u n c i l a r e r e s p o n s i b l e t o the p r i n c i p a l o r h i s d e l e g a t e and t h e i r powers may be c u r t a i l e d a t t h e d i s c r e t i o n o f the p r i n c i p a l . In t h e e x p e r i m e n t u n d e r d i s c u s s i o n , the P r i n c i p a l a d d r e s s e d t h e s t u d e n t c o u n c i l on t h i s m a t t e r one month a f t e r I t had been o r g a n i z e d . H i s p o i n t o f v i e w i s c o n t a i n e d i n t h e f o l l o w i n g s t a t e m e n t : \"To t h e S t u d e n t s 1 C o u n c i l \" '\"/fliere s e v e r a l p a r t i e s a r e i n v o l v e d i n an a d m i n i s t r a t i v e way, i t i s al w a y s w i s e t o d e f i n e , i n g e n e r a l terms a t l e a s t , t h e i r powers a n d l i m i t a t i o n s . I n t h i s s c h o o l community t h e r e a r e s e v e r a l g r o u p s i n v o l v e d , such a s s t u d e n t s , p a r e n t s , t e a c h i n g s t a f f , e n g i n e e r s , j a n i t o r s , and g e n e r a l p u b l i c . The S t u d e n t C o u n c i l w i l l n a t u r a l l y u n d e r s t a n d t h a t t h e i r powers s h a l l b e l i m i t e d t o t h e a f f a i r s o f t h e s t u d e n t s o n l y . The P r e s i d e n t o f t h e s t u d e n t s c o u n c i l s h a l l r u l e o u t o f o r d e r a ny q u e s t i o n w h i c h i n v o l v e s any i n d i v i d u a l o r g r o u p o f i n d i v i d u a l s o t h e r t h a n t h e s t u d e n t s t h e m s e l v e s . T h i s w i l l a v o i d c o n t r o v e r s i a l q u e s t i o n s and w i l l make f o r b e t t e r o r g a n i z a t i o n . The agenda o f a l l m e e t i n g s o f t h e S t u d e n t s ' r C o u n c i l s h a l l be s u b m i t t e d t o t h e A d v i s o r y C o u n c i l a t l e a s t t w e n t y - f o u r h o u r s b e f o r e t h e C o u n c i l meets. The s t u d e n t s ' c o u n c i l s h a l l draw up a c o n s t i t u t i o n t o g u i d e them i n t h e i r a c t i o n s , s u c h c o n s t i t u t i o n t o t b e s u b m i t t e d t o t h e A d v i s o r y C o u n c i l f o r a p p r o v a l . \" 26 T h i s a d d r e s s i n d i c a t e s t h a t t h e s c h o o l was w e l l on i t s way t o w a r d a f o r m a l o r g a n i z a t i o n o f t h e s t u d e n t b o d y t h a t t h e s t u d e n t s m ight t h e b e t t e r t a k e an a c t i v e p a r t i n t h e government o f the s c h o o l so f a r as t h e s t u d e n t s , t h e m s e l v e s , were c o n c e r n e d . T h i s was t h e g o a l toward w h i c h t h e P r i n c i p a l had b e e n w o r k i n g s i n c e t h e o p e n i n g o f t h e s c h o o l because he w e l l knew, a l o n g wi t h o t h e r a d m i n i s t r a t o r s i n t h e s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s , t h a t t h e development of t h e 3 s o c i a l s e l f w h i c h i s a c h a r a c t e r i s t i c o f y o u t h must be g u i d e d so t h a t p r o f i t a b l e c h a r a c t e r development may r e s u l t . 25. The A d v i s o r y C o u n c i l i s made up o f t e a c h e r s a p p o i n t e d by t n e P r i n c i p a l f o r the p u r p o s e o f g u i d i n g the s t u d e n t s . 26. S t a t e m e n t a t t a c h e d to the m i n u t e s o f t h e L e g i s l a t i v e C o u n c i l , O c t . 27, 1930. The C o n s t i t u t i o n o f t h e S t u d e n t C o u n c i l . I i i a c c o r d a n c e w i t h t h e r e q u e s t by t h e P r i n c i p a l t h a t a c o n s t i t u t i o n be drawn up, t h e S e c r e t a r y o f t h e c o u n c i l was i n s t r u c t e d t o w r i t e to o t h e r s c h o o l s I n B r i t i s h C o l u m b i a a s k i n g f o r i n f o r m a t i o n ' r e g a r d i n g t h e i r s t u d e n t government c o n s t i t u t i o n s C o n s i d e r a b l e time was l o s t w h i l e w a i t i n g f o r the r e p l i e s t o t h e s e l e t t e r s , and when t h e y d i d a r r i v e t h e y c o n t a i n e d no u s e f u l s u g g e s t i o n s . However, i n March, a l m o s t f o u r months a f t e r t h e P r i n c i p a l ' s message, when i t was s e e n t h a t no h e l p c o u l d be o b t a i n e d f r o m t h e e x p e r i e n c e o f o t h e r s c h o o l s , a committee was a p p o i n t e d by t h e c o u n c i l to c o n s u l t w i t h t h e a d v i s o r y c o u n c i l r e g a r d i n g a c o n s t i t u t i o n , and r e p o r t p r o g r e s s as soon as p o s s i b l e . A t t h e n e x t m e e t i n g of t h e c o u n c i l t h e c h airman o f the committee p r e s e n t e d a c o n s t i t u t i o n w h i c h had b e e n drawn up w i t h t h e h e l p o f the a d v i s o r y c o u n c i l . A f t e r some d i s c u s s i o n i t was a d o p t e d w i t h o u t change and t h e s t u d e n t c o u n c i l became a c o n s t i t u t e d body, a d e f i n i t e and v i t a l p a r t o f t h e s c h o o l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n . Thus i t t r a n s p i r e d , i n t h e s t e p s w h i c h have been d e s c r i b e d , t h a t s t u d e n t government went t h r o u g h t h r e e m a j o r p h a s e s , - (1) The ' i n f o r m a l ' t y p e o f o r g a n i z a t i o n w h i c h made us e o f s p e c i a l g r o u p s on o c c a s i o n s o f p a r t i c u l a r d i f f i c u l t y ; {2) The ' s p e c i f i c ' t y p e o f o r g a n i z a t i o n w h i c h was based on permanent g r o u p s o f s t u d e n t s d e a l i n g w i t h p r o b l e m s i n s p e c i a l f i e l d s ; and (5) The ' s i m p l e c o u n c i l ' t y p e w h i c h has as i t s c e n t r a l f e a t u r e a r e g u l a r l y e l e c t e d body g o v e r n e d by a c o n s t i t u t i o n . B e h i n d a l l t h r e e o f t h e s e p h a s e s l a y t h e f o r m a l o r g a n i z a t i o n o f t h e home room where s t u d e n t s were i n t r o d u c e d to t h e f u n d a m e n t a l s o f s t u d e n t p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n s c h o o l governme The F i r s t C o u n c i l A s s e m b l y . The f o r e g o i n g d i s c u s s i o n c o v e r s a p e r i o d w h i c h may be c o n s i d e r e d t h e p e r i o d o f p r e p a r a t i o n and t r a i n i n g . T h i s p e r i o d was c l i m a x e d on June 19, 1951, when \"The f i r s t g e n e r a l assembly was h e l d b y t h e c o u n c i l . M i s s A.B.___ Chairman o f t h e V a n c o u v e r B o a r d o f S c h o o l T r u s t e e s , was t h e g u e s t o f honour. D a v i d , p r e s i d e n t o f t h e s t u d e n t c o u n c i l , t o o k h i s p l a c e as c h a i r m a n w i t h much e a s e . The programme began w i t h t h e s i n g i n g o f \"0 Canada\", a f t e r w h i c h Mr. P r e s i d e n t made a few r e marks t o t h e s c h o o l . The s e c r e t a r y was t h e n c a l l e d upon to g i v e a r e p o r t o f t h e y e a r ' s work o f t h e s t u d e n t c o u n c i l . T h i s was a d o p t e d . The t r e a s u r e r t h e n gave a d e t a i l e d r e p o r t o f s c h o o l f u n d s . T h i s r e p o r t was a l s o a d o p t e d . The p r e s i d e n t t h e n i n t r o d u c e d o u r p r i n c i p a l , Mr. , who a c c e p t e d f o r t h e s c h o o l , p r e s e n t a t i o n s o f books and a s i l v e r t r o p h y p r e s e n t e d by c l a s s e s 1, 10, \u00C2\u00A36, a n d 3 3 . He t h e n spoke t o t h e a s s e mbly on ' S c h o o l L i f e , Work, and P l a y ' . F o l l o w i n g t h e p r i n c i p a l ' s a d d r e s s , t h e r e was t h e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f t r o p h i e s , badges and s p e c i a l awards. ......... . A v o t e o f t h a n k s t o t h e p r i n c i p a l and s t a f f , and a n o t h e r t o t h e s t u d e n t c o u n c i l were p r o p o s e d by t h e p a s t - p r e s i d e n t , Don , and Mr. . The assembly was c l o s e d by t h e s i n g i n g o f God Save She K i n g . \" 27. M i n u t e s o f t h e L e g i s l a t i v e C o u n c i l , June 19, 1931. C o n t i n u i t y o f T r a i n i n g . I t i s r e c o g n i z e d , o f c o u r s e , t h a t even w i t h an e s t a b l i s h e d s t u d e n t government, t h e p e r i o d o f t r a i n i n g i s c y c l i c , and i n f a c t i s n e v e r r e a l l y c o m p l e t e d . The p e r i o d o f t r a i n i n g w h i c h has been d e s c r i b e d r e q u i r e d two y e a r s . T h i s might seem to be a s h o r t t i m e , b u t when i t i s r e c a l l e d t h a t s t u d e n t s a r e i n t h e j u n i o r h i g h s c h o o l f o r o n l y t h r e e y e a r s , i t w i l l be seen t h a t i f any use was t o be made o f t h e t r a i n i n g i t was n e c e s s a r y to have t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n f a i r l y d e f i n i t e b e f o r e t h e b e g i n n i n g o f t h e t h i r d y e a r . R e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f t h e C o u n c i l . The Need f o r R e o r g a n i z a t i o n . The o r g a n i z a t i o n as i t e x i s t e d i n the s p r i n g o f 1931 a d e q u a t e l y s e r v e d i t s p u r p o s e , t h a t o f e s t a b l i s h i n g ' f o r m a l 1 s t u d e n t government i n t h e s c h o o l . However, s e v e r a l d i s a d v a n -t a g e s began to a p p e a r . One has a l r e a d y been m e n t i o n e d , namely, the i n e q u i t a b l e d i s t r i b u t i o n of r e p r e s e n t a t i o n on t h e e x e c u t i v e c o u n c i l and the r e s u l t i n g o v e r - e m p h a s i s on t h e p r e s t i g e o f t h e g r a d e n i n e s t u d e n t s . A l t h o u g h a l l members o f th e L e g i s l a t i v e c o u n c i l had a v o i c e i n t h e c h o i c e o f o f f i c e r s , t h e t a b l e i n f i g u r e 14 i n d i c a t e s t h e u n e q u a l d i s t r i b u t i o n by g r a d e s o f t h e a u t h o r i t y i n the l e g i s l a t i v e and e x e c u t i v e 28 c o u n c i l s . 28. These p e r c e n t a g e s are o b t a i n e d by u s i n g t h e f i g u r e s q u o t e d on page 54. Grade P e r c e n t a g e o f s c h o o l p o p u l a t i o n P e r c e n t a g e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n i n t h e L e g i s l a t i v e c o u n c i l P e r c e n t a g e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n i n t h e E x e c u t i v e c o u n c i l III i 5 i \u00C2\u00A36 % 72 VIII 40 fa 37 fo 14 fo VI1 45 p 37 fo 14 fo The d i s t r i b u t i o n o f r e p r e s e n t a t i o n , 1931-1932. P i g . 14 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 , I t was i n e v i t a b l e u n d e r t h e c o n d i t i o n s e x e m p l i f i e d i n f i g u r e 14, t h a t t h e i n t e r e s t s of Grade IX s t u d e n t s would r e c e i v e most a t t e n t i o n w h i l e t h e i n t e r e s t s o f G r a d e s V I I and V I I I were l i k e l y to be o v e r l o o k e d . T h i s s i t u a t i o n emphasized t h e m a j o r d i f f i c u l t y a t t a c h e d t o any o r g a n i z a t i o n o f s t u d e n t government b a s e d on t h e s i n g l e c o u n c i l . I t u s u a l l y t r a n s p i r e s t h a t t h e s t u d e n t s a r e c h i e f l y c o n c e r n e d w i t h w h a t e v e r a f f e c t s t h e i r own g r o u p , an d v e r y o f t e n t h e r e i s a c o n f l i c t o f i n t e r e s t s . In t h e c a s e u n d e r d i s c u s s i o n t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n was b a s e d on t h e t h r e e s c h o o l g r a d e s , b u t t h i s c o n f l i c t o f i n t e r e s t s -would have e x i s t e d r e g a r d l e s s o f t h e b a s i s o f r e p r e s e n t a t i o n . The s c h o o l was t o o l a r g e t o p e r m i t th e s i n g l e c o u n c i l t y p e o f s t u d e n t government t o f u n c t i o n s u c c e s s f u l l y . P l a n s . w e r e t h e r e f o r e l a i d to ..amend the c o n s t i t u t i o n i n t h e f a l l o f 1932-so th a t a more a d e q u a t e o r g a n i z a t i o n c o u l d be e s t a b l i s h e d f o r t h e s p r i n g t e r m . 61 . B e t t e r R e p r e s e n t a t i o n , Three Grade C o u n c i l s . The new c o n s t i t u t i o n provided, f o r c l a s s o f f i c e r s to he e l e c t e d as b e f o r e , but f r o m among t h e s e , a n o m i n a t i n g committee was t o c h o o s e a s l a t e o f c a n d i d a t e s f r o m w h i c h a g r a d e e x e c u t i v e w o u l d be e l e e t e d by t h e s t u d e n t s f r o m e a c h g r a d e . These o f f i c e r s were; p r e s i d e n t , v i c e - p r e s i d e n t , s e c r e t a r y , t r e a s u r e r , and p r e s s c o r r e s p o n d e n t . The f o l i o w i n \" E l e c t i o n News\" i t e m i s s e l f - e x p l a n a t o r y . i \" C l a s s e l e c t i o n s s h o u l d be c o m p l e t e d by Feb. 10. The r e s u l t s must be s e n t i m m e d i a t e l y t o t h e g r a d e a d v i s o r s . The s l a t e o f n o m i n a t i o n s f o r e a c h g r a d e c o u n c i l w i l l be p u b l i s h e d Feb. 15. \u00C2\u00A5 a t c h t h e b u l l e t i n b o a r d s . E l e c t i o n a s s e m b l i e s w i l l b e h e l d a s f o l l o w s , -Grade V I I , p e r i o d 4, F e b . 17 Grade V I I I , p e r i o d 4, Feb. 18 Grade IZ, p e r i o d 6, Feb. 18 The g r a d e e l e c t i o n s w i l l be h e l d d u r i n g S o c i a l S t u d i e s p e r i o d s on F e b . 19.\" 29 The g r a d e e l e c t i o n s h e l d on Feb. 19, 1932 were the f i r s t e l e c t i o n s h e l d i n t h e s c h o o l i n w h i c h a g r a d e as a whole e l e c t e d i t s e x e c u t i v e o f f i c e r s i n s t e a d o f h a v i n g them ch o s e n by t h e c o u n c i l members as f o r m e r l y . T h i s r e v i s e d c o n s t i t u t i o n p r o v i d e d f o r t h r e e g r a d e c o u n c i l s , e ach h a v i n g i t s own s e t o f o f f i c e r s b u t i t d i d n o t p r o v i d e f o r a c e n t r a l e x e c u t i v e t o c o r r e l a t e t h e w o r k of t h e s e t h r e e b o d i e s . P r o v i s i o n was h e r e b y made, however, f o r e q u a l r e p r e s e n t a t i o n w h i c h had been r e q u e s t e d . The s e t - u p a t t h i s t i m e was t h e same as t h a t i l l u s t r a t e d i n f i g u r e 15 e x c e p t t h a t t h e r e was no E x e c u t i v e C o u n c i l . One p a r t i c u l a r l y n o t e - w o r t h y r e s u l t 29. The B u l l e t i n , J a n . 19, 1932. P r i n c i p a l and |3taff Advisory Oouiieill Executive Council ('The School li&ecutive) Made tip of the f i v e o f f i c e r s of each Grade Council (President (Tic e-presi dent] O f f i c e r s (Secretary (Treasurer Grade 7 Council ^orty-tvjo G o j i b e r s Organised s i m i l a r to t h e Grade 8 Council Grade 8 Council Grade 9 Council T h i r t y - n i n e members Owenty-four members Made up o f the Organized Pres. , 7ic*e-pres. ,Secy- s i m i l a r to Treas. of each Grade 8 the cl a s s Grade 8 Council (President (Yioe-presldent Off i c e r s ( S e c r e t a r y (Treasurer (press-Cor. Three of the fourteen \u00E2\u0080\u0094grade 7 classes. Three of the t h i r t e e n \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u0094grade 8 c l a s s e s \u00E2\u0080\u0094 -Sach cl a s s sends three o f f i c e r s to i t s grade c o u n c i l . I l l u s t r a t i n g the student organization i n Point Grey Junior High School, A p r i l , 1933. P i g . 15-To face page 52. f o l l o w e d t h i s c hange i n o r g a n i s a t i o n . The o f f i c e r s , h a v i n g b e e n c h o s e n b y t h e w h o l e g r a d e , r e a l i z e d : t h e i r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o a l l t h e i r f e 1 1 o w - s t u d e n t s . T h i s i n i t s e l f i s a n i m p o r t a n t f a c t o r a s an i n d i c a t i o n o f t h e s o c i a l d e v e l o p m e n t w h i c h i s i n p r o g r e s s d u r i n g t h e s e y e a r s ' o f a c h i l d ' s l i f e . The c a n d i d a t e was b e i n g j u d g e d by h i s e q u a l s a n d i t was i m p r e s s e d u p o n h i m t h a t he must f u l f i l t h e c o n f i d e n c e t h e y p l a c e d i n h i m . In s p i t e o f t h e s e c h a n g e s , t h e new s y s t e m s t i l l p r e s e n t e d d i f f i c u l t i e s . The S c h o o l E x e c u t i v e , I n t h e s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t a s o r g a n i z e d a t t h i s t i m e , t h e r e 'were t h r e e g r a d e c o u n c i l s , whose w o r k was c o r r e l a t e d t h r o u g h t h e s t a f f a d v i s o r y c o u n c i l - I t was f o u n d t h a t t o do t h e i r p a r t s u c c e s s f u l l y t h e a d v i s o r y c o u n c i l h a d t o c a l l i n t h e o f f i c e r s o f t h e t h r e e g r a d e c o u n c i l s f o r c o n f e r e n c e s i n o r d e r t o i n s u r e a g r e e m e n t . I n o r d e r t o make t h i s method a u t h o r i t a t i v e t h e c o n s t i t u t i o n was f u r t h e r amended t o p r o v i d e f o r a m a l g a m a t i o n o f t h e o f f i c e r s o f e a c h g r a d e c o u n c i l , i n t o a c e n t r a l e x e c u t i v e body. T h i s g r o u p o f o f f i c e r s became t h e \" S c h o o l E x e c u t i v e \" . These o f f i c e r s e l e c t e d a c h a i r m a n f r o m among t h e m s e l v e s . H e n c e f o r t h i t was t h r o u g h t h i s b ody t h a t t h e w o r k o f t h e t h r e e g r a d e c o u n c i l s was c o r r e l a t e d , f i g u r e 15. D i s c u s s i o n as a G u i d e t o Change. Throughout t h i s p e r i o d o f change t h e r e was an e n d e a v o u r t o h ave a l l q u e s t i o n s d i s c u s s e d t h o r o u g h l y b y s t u d e n t - l e a d e r s and s t a f f a d v i s o r s . I n most c a s e s , t h i s was t h e f i r s t s t e p , t o be f o l l o w e d hy c l a s s d i s c u s s i o n s . By t h e t i m e a p r o p o s e d amendment came b e f o r e t h e c o u n c i l , \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 t h e o p i n i o n s o f b o t h s t u d e n t s and s t a f f were w e l l known, end a s a t i s f a c t o r y d e e i s i o was u s u a l l y made. H e e d l e s s t o s a y , many s u g g e s t i o n s d i d n o t s u r v i v e the e a r l y d i s c u s s i o n s . One s u c h s u g g e s t i o n comes t o m i n d . I t was s u g g e s t e d by some v e r y a c t i v e s t u d e n t s i n 1934 t h a t a \" U n i o n C o u n c i l \" he f o r m e d , r e p r e s e n t i n g t h e s t u d e n t o r g a n i s a t i o n s o f numerous s c h o o l s t h r o u g h o u t t h e c i t y . T h i s o o u n o i l ' w o u l d , a c c o r d i n g t o i t s ' p r o m o t e r s ' , c o r r e l a t e t h e w o r k o f t h e s t u d e n t c o u n c i l s i n t h e s e r e s p e c t i v e s c h o o l s , and m i g h t , p e r h a p s , l e a d t o a s t a n d a r d f o r m o f s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t . \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 C o n s i d e r a b l e d i s c u s s i o n b e t w e e n s t u d e n t s a n d a d v i s o r s f o l l o w e d . The a d v i s o r s p o i n t e d o u t t h a t t h e n e e d s were d i f f e r e n t i n t h e r e s p e c t i v e s c h o o l s t h r o u g h o u t t h e c i t y and t h a t t h e s t u d e n t s were r e a l l y t o o yo u n g t o r e a l i z e co? cope w i t h t h e s e v a r y i n g n e e d s . The d i f f i c u l t y o f h a v i n g s u c c e s s f u l c e n t r a l m e e t i n g s was e m p h a s i z e d . The a d v i s o r s s t r e s s e d a l s o t h e n e e d f o r a b r o a d e r p o i n t o f v i e w t h a n seemed t o be g e n e r a l i n o t h e r s c h o o l s . The s t u d e n t s w e re shown t h a t i t was t h e i r i n t e r e s t w h i c h l a y b e h i n d t h e s u c c e s s o f t h e i r own s c h o o l o r g a n i z a t i o n a n d t h e a d v i s o r s s u g g e s t e d t h a t a d e f i c i e n c y o f I n t e r e s t m i g h t e x i s t r e g a r d i n g m a t t e r s w h i c h were f a r t h e r -a f i e l d . I t was a l s o p o i n t e d o u t t h a t . a l t h o u g h some s c h o o l s h a d r e c e n t l y e s t a b l i s h e d a f o r m o f s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t , t h e y were p r o b a b l y n ot . s u f f i c i e n t l y a d v a n c e d , n o r f o r t h a t m a t t e r was P o i n t G r e y , t o p e r m i t t h e s u c c e s s f u l f u n c t i o n i n g o f s u c h a c e n t r a l b o d y as t h e one s u g g e s t e d . R e g a r d i n g t h e argument 64. t h a t s u c h a body YDUld a i d i n t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f a ' s t a n d a r d s y s t e m ' o f s t u d e n t o r g a n i s a t i o n , i t was p o i n t e d o u t by t h e a d v i s o r s t h a t s u c h a move a t t h e p r e s e n t t i m e w o u l d be . r e g r e t t a b l e s i n c e , by s t a n d a r d i z a t i o n , t h e v a l u e s a r i s i n g o u t o'f v a r i a t i o n and e x p e r i m e n t a t i o n w o u l d be l o s t . I t was e m p h a s i z e d a l s o t h a t t h e o r g a n i s a t i o n i n P o i n t G r e y had grown and when g r o w t h c e a s e d , u s e f u l n e s s was l o s t . T h ese i d e a s p r e s e n t e d by t h e s t a f f a d v i s o r s s a t i s f i e d t h e p r o m o t e r s o f t h e \" U n i o n C o u n c i l \" t h a t I t w o u l d be u n w i s e , and t h e i d e a was d r o p p e d . T h i s same s u g g e s t i o n was made i n a n o t h e r s c h o o l I n 1935 and' i t was p e r m i t t e d t o g o f o r w a r d . H o t I c e s w e r e s e n t t o a l l s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s i n t h e c i t y , e x p l a i n i n g what was p l a n n e d , a n d a s k i n g t h a t s t u d e n t r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s be s e n t t o a m e e t i n g a t a s p e c i f i e d t i m e a n d p l a c e . T h i s c a u s e d c o n s t e r -n a t i o n among t h e s c h o o l p r i n c i p a l s b e c a u s e some o f them had n o t p e r m i t t e d t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t ' i n t h e i r s c h o o l s . A P r i n c i p a l s 1 m e e t i n g was s u b s e q u e n t l y c a l l e d and a f t e r c o n s i d e r a b l e d i s c u s s i o n , i t was d e c i d e d t h a t t h e move had been u n w i s e and t h e n o t i c e s s h o u l d be d i s r e g a r d e d . I t i s a l t o g e t h e r l i k e l y t h a t , had p r o p e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n b e e n g i v e n t o t h e q u e s t i o n by t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f t h e s c h o o l m a k i n g t h e s u g g e s t i o n , c o n s i d e r a b l e e m b a r r a s s m e n t w o u l d have b e e n a v o i d e d . F u r t h e r i n s t a n c e s o f t h e v a l u e o f d i s c u s s i o n c o u l d be q u o t e d , b u t p e r h a p s t h e I l l u s t r a t i o n g i v e n above i s s u f f i c i e n t t o I n d i c a t e t h a t , a s f a r a s P o i n t G r e y i s c o n c e r n e d , f r e e d i s c u s s i o n o f t h e v a r i o u s s u g g e s t i o n s , a d v a n c e d b y b o t h s t u d e n t s 6 5 . -and s t a f f , has been a p o l i c y w ^ i c h has produced s a t i s f a c t o r y -r e s u l t s . In a s c h o o l community i n v o l v i n g some f o u r t e e n hundred young c i t i z e n s , the a d m i n i s t r a t i o n must be ever on the a l e r t so t h a t no v a l u a b l e s u g g e s t i o n goes unnoticed\u00E2\u0080\u00A2and no u n d e s i r a b l e one o b t a i n s , too f i r m a f o o t h o l d . I t has p r o b a b l y been n o t i c e d t h a t t h e changes i n the student o r g a n i s a t i o n o f I'oint Grey are brought i n t o f o r c e i n t h e s p r i n g . T h i s was found t o be a d v i s a b l e because by t h a t time the Grade V I I s t u d e n t s have more i d e a of what i s i n v o l v e d i n student government and can v o t e more i n t e l l i g e n t l y than t h e y c o u l d immediately a f t e r e n t e r i n g the s c h o o l i n the F a l l . On the o t h e r hand, the Grade HI s t u d e n t s who h e l p to b r i n g about t h e s e changes have an o p p o r t u n i t y t o see them w o r k i n g b e f o r e -they l e a v e t h e s c h o o l i n June to go t o the S e n i o r High S c h o o l s . C o n c l u s i o n . As f a r as broad p r i n c i p l e s a r e concerned t h i s i s the o r g a n i z a t i o n o f s t u d e n t government w h i c h i s now i n o p e r a t i o n i n the P o i n t Grey J u n i o r H i g h S c h o o l . There have been some miner changes, a n d v a r i o u s r e g u l a t i o n s have been f o u n d n e c e s s a r y , b u t these w i l l be d i s c u s s e d w i t h due a t t e n t i o n to d e t a i l I n the f o l l o w i n g c h a p t e r which d e a l s w i t h t h e s y s t e m as i t now e x i s t s . The E v o l u t i o n o f the M o n i t o r Department. The development of, t h e m o n i t o r department i s a s p e c i f i c i l l u s t r a t i o n o f t h e growth o f s t u d e n t r e s p o n s i b i l i t y . G 6 . T h i s department i s c h i e f l y c o n c e r n e d w i t h s c h o o l d i s c i p l i n e when c l a s s e s a r e n o t i n s e s s i o n . I t w i l l he n o t i c e d how t h e p r o b l e m o f m a i n t a i n i n g d i s c i p l i n e was g r a d u a l l y t r a n s f e r r e d f r o m t h e s t a f f t o t h e s t u d e n t m o n i t o r s . When t h e s c h o o l was f i r s t opened, t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r m a i n t a i n i n g d i s c i p l i n e i n t h e h a l l s d u r i n g noon h o u r r e s t e d e n t i r e l y upon t h e s t a f f . Hot a l l o f t h e t e a c h e r s r e m a i n e d a t t h e s c h o o l f o r l u n c h and as a r e s u l t t h o s e -who d i d r e m a i n were c a l l e d upon f o r e x t r a s u p e r v i s i o n . T h i s a r r a n g e - -ment p r o v e d t o b e u n s a t i s f a c t o r y s i n c e i t c a u s e d some o f t h e t e a c h e r s t o be on d u t y a l l . day w i t h o n l y a -few m i n u t e s f o r l u n c h . D u r i n g t h e r a i n y s e a s o n , w i t h s o many of. t h e s t u d e n t s r e m a i n i n g i n t h e b u i l d i n g , t h e p r o b l e m o f d i s c i p l i n e becomes a c u t e . The m a t t e r o f d i s c i p l i n e was a n i t e m on t h e a g e n d a of most o f t h e s t a f f m e e t i n g s h e l d d u r i n g t h e f a l l o f I S 2 9 . From t h e P r i n c i p a l ' s n o t e s o f h i s s t a f f m e e t i n g s i t i s f o u n d t h a t o f t h e e i g h t e e n m e e t i n g s h e l d d u r i n g t h e . months f r o m September t o December, t h i r t e e n c o n t a i n e d r e f e r e n c e s \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 t o s c h o o l d i s c i p l i n e , o f w h i c h t h e f o l l o w i n g i s an example: \" D i s c i p l i n e must be begun a s i t i s I n t e n d e d to end, and t h e r e f o r e no row&iness must be p e r m i t t e d i n t h e h a l l s . T i l l s can b e h e l d i n c h e c k a t t h e p r e s e n t t i m e o n l y b y t h e c o n s t a n t v i g i l a n c e o f a l l members o f t h e s t a f f . \" ^0 As g r e a t e r s u p e r v i s i o n became n e c e s s a r y , t h e d u t y o f p a t r o l l i n g t h e h a l l s a t noon was r o t a t e d among t h e Grade I n c l a s s e s , an e n t i r e c l a s s b e i n g r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a 'week. U n d e r t h i s s y s t e m , t h e c l a s s t e a c h e r i n s t r u c t e d members o f h i s own e l a s s r e g a r d i n g 30. E n l a r g e d f r o m t h e P r i n c i p a l ' s n o t e s o f Hon., O c t . \u00C2\u00A30, 192. t h e i r d u t i e s a n d p l a c e d s p e c i a l s t u d e n t s a t v a n t a g e p o i n t s -s u c h as s t a i r w a y s and e n t r a n c e s , The s t u d e n t s r e s p o n d e d so w e l l t o t h i s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t h a t t h e i d e a o f h a v i n g a permanent m o n i t o r c l u b began t o s p r e a d t h r o u g h t h e s c h o o l s One o f t h e f i r s t r e q u e s t s o f t h e s c h o o l s e r v i c e c l u b was t h a t two m o n i t o r s be a p p o i n t e d by e a c h c l a s s f o r d u t y a t noon. These m o n i t o r s w o r k e d i n g r o u p s , e a c h g r o u p b e i n g on s p e c i a l d u t y f o r a s p e c i f i e d number o f d a y s w h i l e t h e o t h e r s were on g e n e r a l d u t y . By a s y s t e m o f \" h o n o u r a b l e d i s c h a r g e s \" t h e S c h o o l A d m i n i s t r a t i o n p u r g e d t h e p e r s o n n e l o f s t u d e n t s who d i d n o t r e s p o n d w e l l t o h a v i n g a u t h o r i t y . I f t h e P r i n c i p a l w i s h e d t o e l i m i n a t e a n y m o n i t o r f r o m t h e l i s t , h e went o v e r t h e s t u d e n t ' s a c a d e m i c r e c o r d and f o u n d a weakness i n some s u b j e c t . The s t u d e n t \"was t h e n c a l l e d t o t h e o f f i c e and j u d i c i o u s l y a d v i s e d t h a t h i s s c h o o l w o r k r e q u i r e d more t i m e and t h a t l i e s h o u l d t h e r e f o r e r e s i g n f r o m s u c h a c t i v i t i e s as m o n i t o r d u t y . The s t u d e n t m i g h t have f e l t t h a t t h e r e w e r e o t h e r r e a s o n s f o r r e l e a s i n g h i m f r o m m o n i t o r d u t y but i n v a r i a b l y d r o p p e d o u t , e x p l a i n i n g to h i s f r i e n d s t h a t he e o u l d n o t a f f o r d t h e t i m e . T h i s s y s t e m o f d i s c i p l i n i n g t h e s c h o o l was an advance i n two ways. I t p r o v i d e d more r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s u p e r v i s i o n by i n c l u d i n g s t u d e n t s o f a l l g r a d e s , a n d i t p r o v i d e d a permanent s t a f f o f m o n i t o r s who soon l e a r n e d t o h a n d l e t h e i r p o s t s v e r y e f f i c i e n t l y . 31. i b i d , p. 00. P o U U a T h i s o r g a n i z a t i o n was s u c c e s s f u l , t h e o n l y i m p o r t a n t change s u b s e q u e n t l y made b e i n g t h e i n c o r p o r a t i o n o f t h e m o n i t o a s a department o f t h e s t u d e n t c o u n c i l h a v i n g a t e a c h e r as a m o n i t o r a d v i s o r . T h i s was done i n S e p t e m b e r 1932 a f t e r t h e s t u d e n t c o u n c i l had assumed i t s v i t a l r o l l i n t h e l i f e o f t h e S C l l O O l . The d e v e l o p m e n t o f t h e m o n i t o r d e p a r t m e n t i l l u s t r a t e s how, i n a p e r i o d o f two a n d o n e - h a l f j ^ e a r s , t h e s t u d e n t s h a d p r o g r e s s e d f r o m a g r o u p o f c h i l d r e n b e i n g d i s c i p l i n e d by members o f t h e s t a f f , t o a body o f c i t i z e n s who were w i l l i n g t o be c h e c k e d by o t h e r c i t i z e n s o f t h e i r own l e v e l . T h i s i s p o s s i b l e b e c a u s e t h e c h i l d i n h i s ' t e e n s h a s a r r i v e d a t t h a t p e r i o d o f l i f e when he i s b e g i n n i n g t o see t h e s o c i a l r e s u l t s o f h i s own c o n d u c t . He i s a n x i o u s a t t h i s age t o assume r e s p o n s i b i l i t y a n d y e t i s w i l l i n g t o l i s t e n t o h i s f e l l o w c l a s s - m a t e s who have been g i v e n a u t h o r i t y . T h i s i s t h e c h i e f r e a s o n f o r any s u c c e s s t o w h i c h s u c h a s y s t e m o f d i s c i p l i n e may la3 ^ c l a i m . CHAPTER Y I . The P r e s e n t C o n s t i t u t i o n . A s a r e s u l t o f t h e e x p e r i e n c e o b t a i n e d f r o m t h e e a r l i e f o r m s o f s t u d e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n w h i c h were d e a l t w i t h i n c h a p t e r Y, the s c h o o l now has a more w o r k a b l e f o r m o f s t u d e n t government. The o r i g i n a l c o n s t i t u t i o n li a s r e m a i n ed e s s e n t i a l l y unchanged though many c l a u s e s have b e e n c o n s o l i d a t e d and new r e g u l a t i o n s have b e e n a d d e d . Today, i t r e p r e s e n t s a more d e f i n i t e , s t r a i g h t f o r w a r d s t a t e m e n t which, c h i l d r e n c a n r e a d i l y u n d e r s t a n d . In g e:i e r a l t erms I t may be s t a t e d t h a t t h e p r e sen t s t u d e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n i n P o i n t G r e y c o n s i s t s o f f o u r s e c t i o n s : -G l a s s C o u n c i l s ; Grade C o u n c i l s ; S c h o o l E x e c u t i v e C o u n c i l ; and A d v i s o r y C o u n c i l . E a c h o f t h e s e w i l l be d i s c u s s e d i n t u r n . The C l a s s C o u n c i l . The f o l l o w i n g q u o t a t i o n f r o m the c o n s t i t u t i o n i n d i c a t e s t h e t y p e o f home room o r g a n i z a t i o n ( c l a s s c o u n c i l ) now I n u s e . \"CLAUSE 2, S e c t i o n 5, --TEE CLASS COUNCIL. Sub-see, A. The c l a s s c o u n c i l s h a l l c o n s i s t of the t e a c h e r , and o f a p r e s i d e n t , v i c e - p r e s i d e n t , s e c r e t a r y - t r e a s u r e r , and room m o n i t o r s , e l e c t e d by t h e c l a s s * S u b - s e c . B. Tine c l a s s o f f i c e r s w i t h t h e r o l l t e a c h e r s h a l l be r e s p o n s i b l e f o r the c l a s s o r d e r ; and a l s o f o r c l a s s and s c h o o l a c t i v i t i e s as d i r e c t e d by t h e E x e c u t i v e C o u n c i l . S u b - s e c . 0.. The o f f i c e r s s h a l l l o o k to t h e w e l f a r e o f t h e i r c l a s s and s h a l l r e p r e s e n t i t a t Grade C o u n c i l m e e t i n g s , where they may make recommendations a t t h e r e q u e s t o f t h e c l a s s . Note, . . . . I t i s s u g g e s t e d t h a t t h e o f f i c e r s r o t a t e or change a t each e l e c t i o n i n o r d e r t o g i v e more s t u d e n t s t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t o d e v e l o p l e a d e r s h i p , and t o s h a r e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y and honour. \"CLAUSE 4. ELECTIONS. S e c t i o n 1 - C l a s s e l e c t i o n s f o l l o w e d by g e n e r a l e l e c t i o n s o f g r a d e o f f i c e r s , and o f E x e c u t i v e O f f i c e r s , s h a l l be h e l d t w i c e a y e a r , - i n Sept ember and i n F e b r u a r y . S e c t i o n 2\u00C2\u00AB- The p r o c e d u r e s h a l l be as f o l l o w s , -I.- A n o m i n a t i n g Committee, c o n s i s t i n g o f t h e R o l l T e a c h e r and two s t u d e n t s s h a l l p r e s e n t a s l a t e o f n o m i n a t i o n s f o r t h e c l a s s o f f i c e s o f P r e s i d e n t , V i c e - p r e s i d e n t , S e c r e t a r y - ^ T r e a s u r e r , and a c l a s s e l e c t i o n s h a l l be h e l d . n < J * C l a u s e 4, S e c t i o n 2, p r o v i d e s an o p p o r t u n i t y f o r t h e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f two p o i n t s of view, namely, t h a t o f the, t e a c h e r who may be a s t r a n g e r t o t h e c l a s s , and a l s o t h a t o f the s t u d e n t s who p r o b a b l y a l r e a d y know some o f t h e p o t e n t i a l c a n d i -d a t e s and a r e a b l e t o a d v i s e as t o t h e i r c a p a b i l i t i e s . To a v o i d t h e u n d e s i r a b l e r e s u l t s w h i c h m i g h t f o l l o w the e l e c t i o n o f s t u d e n t s who m i g h t p r o v e u n s u i t a b l e , t h e f o l l o w i n g r e g u l a t i o n h a s b e e n a d o p t e d : \" C l a u s e 2, S e c t i o n 5 ( a ) . Temporary c l a s s o f f i c e r s s h a l l be e l e c t e d f o r t h e month o f September t o p e r m i t t i m e f o r a l l members of t h e c l a s s t o become b e t t e r a c q u a i n t e d w i t h s t r a n g e r s - i n t h e i r m i d s t . Permanent c l a s s o f f i c e r s s h a l l be e l e c t e d i n O c t o b e r . \" Q u a l i f i c a t i o n s f o r O f f i c e . \u00C2\u00A7 When t h e n o m i n a t i n g committee meets, the q u e s t i o n r e g a r d i n g t h e q u a l i f i c a t i o n s f o r h o l d i n g o f f i c e a r i s e s . T h i s 32. The C o n s t i t u t i o n o f t h e S t u d e n t Government of t h e P o i n t &3o\u00E2\u0080\u009E Grey J u n i o r H i g h S c h o o l . i s u s u a l l y answered by t h e t e a c h e r , who m i g h t f e a s i b l y use the f o l l o w i n g e x p l a n a t i o n w h i c h i s p r o v i d e d i n t h e c o n s t i t u t i o n : 34 \" C l a u s e 3. Q u a l i f i c a t i o n s f o r o f f i c e . Eacli o f f i c e r s h a l l have g r a d e \"B\" o r b e t t e r i n c i t i z e n s h i p , \"0\" o r b e t t e r i n s c h o l a r s h i p , and s h a l l be i n good s t e n d i n g w i t h r e g a r d t o C o u n c i l f e e s . When an o f f i c e r f a i l s t o c a r r y o u t h i s duty, o r when he f a l l s b e l o w t h e r e q u i r e d s t a n d a r d i n c i t i z e n s h i p o r s e l l o l a r s h i p , he must r e s i g n a t once, u n l e s s e x c u s e d f o r g o o d cause by t h e A d v i s o r y C o u n c i l . ' \" C l a u s e 5 i s of v i t a l I m p o r t a n c e t o the a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f t h e s c h o o l . S i n c e t h e two c h i e f aims o f s u c h a s y s t e m o f s t u d e n t government a r e t h e development o f c h a r a c t e r a n d p e r s o n a l i t y , and t h e a r o u s a l o f s o c i a l c o n s c i o u s n e s s i n t h e i n d i v i d u a l , t h i s r e q u i r e m e n t r e g a r d i n g - c i t i z e n s h i p p l a y s an i m p o r t a n t p a r t i n t h e s c h o o l o r g a n i z a t i o n . By s u c h a r e g u l a t i o n , t h e s c h o o l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n i s a s s u r e d t h a t a l l ' s t u d e n t a s s i s -t a n t s ' t h r o u g h o u t t h e whole o r g a n i z a t i o n w i l l be c o n s c i e n t i o u s s t u d e n t s . E v e r y s t u d e n t knows t h a t t h i s i s one o f t h e f i r s t -r e q u i r e m e n t s and t h e r e f o r e e v e r y a s p i r a n t t o o f f i c e n o t o n l y g u a r d s h i s own c o n d u c t b u t i s w a t c h f u l o f t h e c o n d u c t o f h i s a s s o c i a t e s , l e s t he become i n v o l v e d i n some a c t t h a t w o u l d r e f l e c t on h i s own c i t i z e n s h i p . The s e c o n d p a r t o f c l a u s e 3, w h i c h m e n t i o n s s c h o l a r -s h i p , i s a l s o o f g r e a t i m p o r t a n c e . A c t i v i t y as a member o f t h e s t u d e n t e x e c u t i v e r e q u i r e s c o n s i d e r a b l e t i m e both d u r i n g and a f t e r r e g u l a r s c h o o l h o u r s , t h e r e f o r e , o n l y s t u d e n t s who can a f f o r d t h i s t i m e s h o u l d be e l i g i b l e f o r e l e c t i o n . The 24. From the \" C o n s t i t u t i o n \" . 7 o c l a u s e r e q u i r e s t h a t a s p i r a n t s t o o f f i c e must have \"G\" g r a d e o r b e t t e r i n t h e i r genera], g r a d e s t a n d i n g . Such a r e g u l a t i o n has a t h r e e f o l d p u r p o s e , ~ 1. I t a c t s as a d e t e r r e n t to t h o s e s t u d e n t s o f l o w e r m e n t a l i t y who do n o t r e a l i s e t h a t they c a n n o t s p a r e t h e t i m e f r o m t h e i r s t u d i e s . \u00C2\u00A3 . I t a u t o m a t i c a l l y becomes a s p u r t o t h o s e o f h i g h e r m e n t a l i t y who a r e n o t p a r t i c u l a r l y s t u d i o u s but who would l i k e to h o l d o f f i c e , and who t h e r e f o r e become more e n e r g e t i c i n t h e i r r e g u l a r s c h o o l work i n o r d e r t o q u a l i f y f o r s c h o o l h o n o u r s . 3. I t i n s u r e s t h a t a l l s t u d e n t o f f i c e s t h r o u g h o u t t h e s c h o o l w i l l be o c c u p i e d by s t u d e n t s o f a v e r a g e a c h i e v e m e n t o r b e t t e r s i n c e a p r o c e s s o f s e l e c t i o n i s o p e r a t i v e a s t h e c l a s s o f f i c e r s p r o g r e s s f r o m t h e narrow f i e l d o f t h e Home Room to t h e b r o a d e r s t u d e n t c o n t a c t s o f Grade and S c h o o l C o u n c i l s . 3 5 * The iTom.inat.ing Committee. E l e c t i o n t o a c l a s s o f f i c e i s t h e f i r s t s t e p t o w a r d g r e a t e r h o n o u r s i n t h e s c h o o l b e c a u s e t h e p r e s i d e n t , v i c e -p r e s i d e n t , a n d s e c r e t a r y - t r e a s u r e r o f e a c h c l a s s a u t o m a t i c a l l y become members o f t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e g r a d e c o u n c i l s . A g r a d e n o m i n a t i n g committee s e l e c t s , f r o m t h e membership o f i t s g r a d e c o u n c i l , a s l a t e of c a n d i d a t e s f o r t h e o f f i c e s \"'in t h a t c o u n c i l . The o f f i c e r s a r e t h e n e l e c t e d .by t h e g r a d e as a w h o l e . vs. The c o n s t i t u t i o n p r o v i d e s t h a t , \"A n o m i n a t i n g committee, c o n s i s t i n g o f t h e g r a d e a d v i s o r and a hoy a n d a g i r l , s h a l l I n t e r v i e w t h e p r e s i d e n t , v i c e - p r e s i d e n t , and s e c r e t a r y - t r e a s u r e r o f each c l a s s and s h a l l make n o m i n a t i o n s f o r g r a d e o f f i c e r s o f p r e s i d e n t , v i c e - p r e s i d e n t , s e c r e t a r y , t r e a s u r e r , and p r e s s c o r r e s p o n d e n t . \" *6 B e f o r e I n t e r v i e w i n g t h e p o t e n t i a l c a n d i d a t e s , ( c l a s s o f f i c e r s , members o f t h e g r a d e c o u n c i l ) t h e n o m i n a t i n g committee p r e p a r e s a l i s t o f q u e s t i o n s , a number o f w h i c h a r e a l l o t t e d to- each member o f t h e c o m m i t t e e . T h i s method s i m p l i f i e s t h e q u e s t i o n i n g p r o c e s s and i n s u r e s t h a t a l l t h e r e q u i r e d i n f o r m a -t i o n w i l l be s e c u r e d . I f q u e s t i o n f i v e i n the l i s t b e l o w were a s k e d f i r s t , c o n s i d e r a b l e t i m e m i g h t be s a v e d by not xnt 6 T -v i e w i n g t h o s e who do n o t w i s h t o o c c u p y a g r a d e o f f i c e . T h i s q u e s t i o n i s so p l a c e d i n o r d e r t o g i v e t h e s t u d e n t an o p p o r t u n i t y t o become a t ease b e f o r e he i s a s k e d a r e a l l y v i t a l q u e s t i o n . The f o l l o w i n g i s a sample l i s t o f q u e s t i o n s . 1, What i s y o u r name? ......... and y o u r age? 2. What i s y o u r s t a n d i n g i n t h e g r a d e ? - - T h a t i s , What was y o u r g e n e r a l l e t t e r g r a d e on y o u r l a s t r e p o r t ? 5. What p a s t e x p e r i e n c e h a v e y o u had i n o f f i c e , e i t h e r ( a ) h e r e , o r (b) a t y o u r f o r m e r s c h o o l , ( c ) i n t h e S c o u t s ( o r G u i d e s ) , (d) i n any c l u b ? 4. R e g a r d i n g attendance,--How many days d i d you m i s s l a s t y e a r ? How o f t e n h a v e y o u b e e n a b s e n t so f a r t h i s y e a r ? 5. Do you w i s h t o r u n f o r a n o f f i c e i n y o u r g r a d e ? 6 . Can y o u assume r e s p o n s i b i l i t y ? That i s , a r e y o u r e l i a b l e ? 8. Have y o u any c r i t i c i s m t o . o f f e r o f t h e s t u d e n t a c t i v i t i e s ? Remember t h a t t h e c o u n c i l welcomes c o n s t r u c t i v e c r i t i c i s m . 7. Have you any i d e a s f o r t h e c o u n c i l t h a t y o u t h i n k mi?,'ht be h e l p f u l ? ~ 9. Do you t h i n k t h a t a c l a s s o f f i c e r s h o u l d be a b l e to I n f l u e n c e h i s c l a s s , t o c o n t r o l i t ? G o u l d you do t h a t ? Do you do t h a t ? ~ 10. What i s y o u r o p i n i o n r e g a r d i n g a n o f f i c e r and h i s c i t i z e n -s h i p s t a n d i n g ? 36. The \" C o n s t i t u t i o n \" , c l a u s e 4, s e c t i o n 3. 7 4. 11. Rave you i n t h e p a s t s u p p o r t e d t h e d o i n g s or a f f a i r s p romoted by t h e c o u n c i l ? F o r i n s t a n c e , d i d y o u a t t e n d the l a s t s e r i e s o f b e n e f i t shews? 12. D i d y o u r mother v i s i t t h e s c h o o l l a s t \"Open Day\"? 13. D i d y o u r f a t h e r come w i t h you to t h e l a s t F a t h e r - a n d - s o n s u p p e r ? ( a s h e d i f a d d r e s s i n g a b o y ) . 14. What o f f i c e w o u l d y o u p r e f e r t o occupy? 15. What i s y o u r s t a n d i n g i n o r a l E n g l i s h ? , i n w r i t t e n E n g l i s h ? i n S o c i a l S t u d i e s ? . 16. G e n e r a l l y s p e a k i n g , i s y o u r w r i t t e n work n e a t ? 17. Have you t i m e to d e v o t e to t h e work? That i s , can you r e m a i n a f t e r s c h o o l t o a t t e n d m e e t i n g s i f n e c e s s a r y ? T h e s e q u e s t i o n s g i v e a d e f i n i t e i d e a o f t h e b a s i s upon w h i c h the n o m i n a t i n g committee makes i t s d e c i s i o n s . The answers t o t h e s e q u e r i e s a r e t a b u l a t e d f o r each s t u d e n t i n t e r v i e w e d and a f t e r a l l p r o s p e c t i v e c a n d i d a t e s have been q u e s t i o n e d , t h e committee makes i t s d e c i s i o n s on t h e b a s i s o f t h e i r r e c o r d s . The E l e c t i o n Campaign. F o l l o w i n g t h e p u b l i s h i n g o f t h e s l a t e o f n o m i n a t i o n s , t h r e e d a y s a r e p e r m i t t e d f o r ' c a m p a i g n i n g 7 . T h i s t a k e s many forms b u t e v e r y e l e c t i o n d e v i c e must be p r e s e n t e d t o t h e g r a d e a d v i s o r f o r r a t i f i c a t i o n b e f o r e i t I s u s e d . P o s t e r s , p l a c a r d s , c a t c h y s a y i n g s , and s p e c i a l s p e a k e r s , a r e t h e u s u a l methods u s e d t o o b t a i n v o t e s . E a c h c a n d i d a t e i s p e r m i t t e d t o have a \"campaign manager\" who w o r k s t h r o u g h o u t t h e campaign, b u t whose c h i e f d u t y i s t o i n t r o d u c e t h e c a n d i d a t e a t t h e e l e c t i o n a s s e m b l y . The P o s t e r Committee. W h i l e t h e n o m i n a t i n g committee i s i n t e r v i e w i n g the p r o s p e c t i v e c a n d i d a t e s , a p o s t e r committee, c o n s i s t i n g o f a r t s t u d e n t s g u i d e d by an a r t t e a c h e r , i s p r e p a r i n g t o c r i t i c i s e 75. t h e p o s t e r s w h i c h w i l l be u s e d i n the campaign. Each p o s t e r must be a c c e p t e d by t h e p o s t e r committee b e f o r e i t may be p l a c e d i n t h e h a l l s . T h i s r e g u l a t i o n has a d u a l p u r p o s e ; f i r s t i t p r o v i d e s a v e r y e x c e l l e n t o p p o r t u n i t y f o r a r t s t u d e n t s t o make u s e o f t h e i r s p e c i a l knowledge i n t h i s f i e l d , and second i t i n s u r e s t h e d i s p l a y o f t h e b e t t e r p o s t e r s . These, i n t h e c o u r s e o f t i m e , have i m p r o v e d i n q u a l i t y u n t i l now some v e r y i n g e n i o u s i d e a s a r e p r e s e n t e d t h r o u g h a s u r p r i s i n g l y h i g h s t a n d a r d o f a r t . The E l e c t i o n A s s e m b l y . \"Duri n g t h e days p r e v i o u s t o t h e e l e c t i o n s , an e l e c t i o n a s s e m b l y i s h e l d . f o r each, g r a d e . T h i s i s an i m p o r t a n t event i n t h e s c h o o l l i f e o f a l l c a n d i d a t e s and campaign managers, b u t p a r t i c u l a r l y t h o s e o f Grade V I I , as i t i s u s u a l l y t h e f i r s t t ime t h e y have a d d r e s s e d a l a r g e a u d i e n c e . T h e i r p a s t e x p e r i e n c e p r o b a b l y has been l i m i t e d t o t h e c l a s s r o o m but on t h i s day t h e y a d d r e s s a p p r o x i m a t e l y f i v e h u n d r e d s t u d e n t s who a r e members o f t h e i r own g r a d e . E a c h s p e a k e r i s l i m i t e d to two m i n u t e s but i n s p i t e o f t h i s t i m e l i m i t t h e p r e s e n t a t i o n 37 i s u s u a l l y q u i t e s a t i s f a c t o r y . A programme o f s u c h an a s s e m b l y i s g i v e n below. The S c h o o l Song. E n t r a n c e o f c a n d i d a t e s . ( The s t u d e n t body s t a n d s and s i n g s \" E o r They a r e J o l l y Good F e l l o w s . ) C h a i r m a n s s Remarks. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 T h e c h a i r m a n on t h e s e o c c a s i o n s i s some p a s t p r e s i d e n t . O f t e n one who i s now a t t e n d i n g S r . H i g h . P r i n c i p a l ' s Remarks.--In w h i c h he s t r e s s e s the e d u c a t i o n a l v a l u e of S t u d e n t Government. 37. Samples o f t h e e l e c t i o n s p e e c h e s a r e c o n t a i n e d i n t h e a p p e n d i x . V 6-\u00C2\u00BB_ R e p o r t o f t h e N o m i n a t i n g Gommittee. A d d r e s s e s o f C a n d i d a t e s and Campaign Managers, Any \" S t u n t s \" t h a t have been .approved by t h e Grade A d v i s o r a r e p r e s e n t e d a t t h e a p p r o p r i a t e t i m e . A d d r e s s o f Grade A d v i s o r . - - T h i s i s u s u a l l y c o m p l i m e n t a r y t o t h e s p e a k e r s and s t r e s s e s .the need f o r c o u r a g e and f o r t i t u d e . E x i t o f C a n d i d a t e s , - - S t u d e n t s s t a n d i n g and s i n g i n g as b e f o r e . The S c h o o l Song-. God Save The K i n g . Grade E l e c t i o n s . . The g r a d e e l e c t i o n s a r e h e l d on a s p e c i f i c day d u r i n g t h e s o c i a l s t u d i e s p e r i o d . U s e i s made o f t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p \" e x i s t i n g between c i v i c s and s o c i a l s t u d i e s , and t h e t e a c h e r s i n the s o c i a l s t u d i e s d e partment c o o p e r a t e w i t h t h e a d v i s o r y c o u n c i l i n p r e p a r i n g f o r t h e e l e c t i o n a n d i n c a r r y i n g o u t t h e a c t u a l r o u t i n e on t h e a p p o i n t e d day. T h e r e a r e f o u r m a j o r p o i n t s i n t h i s p r e p a r a t i o n . F i r s t , t h e s t u d e n t s a r e i n s t r u c t e d i n p r o p e r l y m a r k i n g t h e i r b a l l o t s i n o r d e r t o a v o i d \" t h e s p o i l e d b a l l o t \" . Second, e v e r y c l a s s must p r o v i d e a b a l l o t b o x ( u s u a l l y a shoe b o x ) . T h i s i s i n s p e c t e d , s e a l e d and l a b e l l e d i n t h e p r e s e n c e of t h e c l a s s and i s t h e n s e n t to t h e c o u n c i l o f f i c e where i t r e m a i n s u n t i l e l e c t i o n dajr. T h i r d , e a c h c l a s s a p p o i n t s two s c r u t i n e e r s , and a d e p u t y r e t u r n i n g o f f i c e r who, on t h e day o f t h e e l e c t i o n , h a n d l e t h e v o t e r s ' l i s t and b a l l o t s i n t h e u s u a l manner. F o u r t h , the v o t e r s ' l i s t f o r e a c h c l a s s i s drawn up by t h e c l a s s s e c r e t a r y - t r e a s u r e r . T h i s l i s t must be c h e c k e d by the s o c i a l s t u d i e s t e a c h e r t h e day b e f o r e the e l e c t i o n . The l i s t muSt c o n t a i n t h e name, a d d r e s s , and e x p e c t e d o c c u p a t i o n o f e a c h member o f t h e c l a s s whose c o u n c i l f e e s a r e i n good s t a n d i n g , o r who has been e x c u s e d payment by t h e c o u n s e l l o r s . On e l e c t i o n day, d u r i n g t h e e l e c t i o n p e r i o d , each v o t e i s r e c o r d e d on t h e v o t e r s 1 l i s t b e f o r e t h e . s t u d e n t r e c e i v e s h i s b a l l o t , a sample o f w h i c h i s shown i n f i g u r e 16. GRADE 8 PRESIDENT 01 e .Mark; F r e d 0 . . . . . ... 13 John. W. ....... . 21 VICE-PRESIDENT B r y c e P . . . . . . 22 E v e l y n T..... 16 SECRETARY , : M a r g a r e t B 18 ;Gerry L ....... , . 19 ' TREASURER George R...... 15 Bob T. 22 PRESS CORRESPONDENT ' ' Jane N. ...... 20 Ruth S........ 1 . 1 .. . . . . - \u00E2\u0080\u00A2' ! \u00C2\u00B1 14 Sample B a l l o t F i g . 16 To Pace x'ije 7o -Glass 26 Grade 7 Totals Pres. Bob F John P iOZl MZA J-iiT 1 15 20 35 V-pres. L i l l i a n I? Florence S\u00E2\u0080\u0094 J A H T J A M : J A M : J * M \" A K H 1111 11 34 2 35 3eoy. Doug. 0 Ronald IT i i i l ^ 3 * 1 11 i i e r j j r i i r mtjan 1 1 1 1 12 24 35 Treas. Eay H iiargarei; \u00E2\u0080\u0094 juke JJOTC m i 17 19 35 Cor-Secy. - H i l a r - \" -JOJ ,i ^ .1; J A E L 1111 27 9 36 Glass Heoord Sheet P i g . 17 Grade V I I I Classes 9 .10 11 20 21 22 Fred C 28 .35 21 30 5 14 337 Pres. 479 John M 10 3 17 8 33 24 142 Bryce F 20 17 13 16 31 19 263 7- Pres. 479 Evelyne T~ 18 21 25 22 7 19 216 Margaret B- 11 15 3 7 14 6 134 Secy. 479 Gerry L 27 22 35 31 21 32 295 George R-- 23 22 22 \ 11 7 5 133 Treas. \ 477 Bob I 15 16 15 \ 27 30 5\" 344 Jane IT ' 22 19 17 / \ 32 26 15 275 Ior-3ecy. ( 479 Ruth 3 15 19 21 \ 1 6 . 12 23 203 Grade Smiiraary Siieet. Pig.. 18 78\u00E2\u0080\u009E A f t e r t h e b a l l o t s h a v e been o a s t by t h e c l a s s , t h e box i s s e a l e d a nd, t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e v o t e r s ' l i s t , d e l i v e r e d t o t h e head r e t u r n i n g o f f i c e r i n t h e c o u n c i l o f f i c e . The head r e t u r n i n g o f f i c e r and two s c r u t i n e e r s a p p o i n t e d by t h e a d v i s o r y c o u n c i l a r e on d u t y a l l day i n t h e c o u n c i l o f f i c e . They c o u n t t h e b a l l o t s b y c l a s s e s and r e c o r d t h e r e s u l t s on t h e f o r m shown _ i n f i g u r e 18. No i n f o r m a t i o n i s g i v e n o u t u n t i l t h e l a s t p o l l I s c o u n t e d a t the end o f t h e day, when t h e r e s u l t s a r e p o s t e d i n t h e a u d i t o r i u m . The e x c i t e m e n t u s u a l l y r u n s h i g h a t t h i s t i m e , s c h o o l m o n i t o r s b e i n g on. d u t y t o d e a l w i t h t h o s e s t u d e n t s who become o v e r -e n t h u s i a s t i c . The I n a u g u r a t i o n Ceremony. The s t u d e n t s . w h o a r e s u c c e s s f u l on e l e c t i o n d a y a r e I n s t a l l e d i n o f f i c e a t a n i n a u g u r a t i o n ceremony at w h i c h , o w i n g t o t h e l i m i t e d c a p a c i t y o f t h e a u d i t o r i u m , o n l y t h e s t u d e n t s o f g r a d e s e i g h t a n d n i n e a r e p r e s e n t . A t t h i s ceremony t h e p r e s i d e n t - e l e c t o f g r a d e n i n e , who w i l l a u t o -m a t i c a l l y become p r e s i d e n t o f t h e s c h o o l , ' i s s w o r n i n t o o f f i c e b y t h e c o n v e n o r o f t h e a d v i s o r y c o u n c i l who a d m i n i s t e r s t h e o a t h o f o f f i c e . The p r e s i d e n t t h e n r e c e i v e s t he g a v e l o f a u t h o r i t y f r o m t h e hands o f t h e P r i n c i p a l o f t h e s c h o o l who i n a p p r o p r i a t e w ords a c c e p t s t h e n e w l y - e l e c t e d p r e s i d e n t as h i s c h i e f s t u d e n t e x e c u t i v e . F o l l o w i n g t h i s p o r t i o n o f t h e ceremony, t h e p r e s i d e n t a d m i n i s t e r s - t h e o a t h o f o f f i c e t o t h e n e w l y - e l e c t e d o f f i c e r s and t h e n t h e s t u d e n t body i s a s k e d t o swear a l l e g i a n c e to t h e s c h o o l and t o t h e s c h o o l o f f i c e r s . F o l l o w i n g i s tho oath o f o f f i c e i n which i s i n c o r -p o r a t e d the s c h o o l motto, \"Honor ante Honorss\". PLEDGE ( P r e s i d e n t and o t h e r o f f i c e r s ) As an o f f i c e r i n the student government i n the P o i n t C-rey J u n i o r H i g h S c h o o l , I do hereby pledge m y s e l f : To u p h o l d the honour and r e p u t a t i o n o f the s c h o o l , and To c a r r y out c h e e r f u l l y and e f f i c i e n t l y a l l t a s k s a s s i g n e d to me, \" Honor ante Honores PLEDGE (Of l o y a l t y g i v e n by the s t u d e n t s . ) Do you accept t h e s e , your o f f i c e r s o f the P o i n t Grey Student C o u n c i l ? We - do * W i l l you, to the best o f y o u r a b i l i t y support them i n t h e i r e f f o r t s on the b e h a l f o f t h e s t u d e n t body? We w i l l , \" Honor ante Honores The i n a u g u r a t i o n ceremony i s most e f f e c t i v e . The profound s e r i o u s n e s s of the e l e c t e d o f f i c e r s and members o f the student body, and the d e c i d e d f e e l i n g . o f u n i t y o f p u r p o s e l e a d the sponsors to c o n s i d e r t h i s to be one o f the most v a l u a b l e a s s e m b l i e s h e l d In- c o n n e c t i o n w i t h s t u d e n t government. Grade C o u n c i l M e e t i n g s , She meetings o f the r e s p e c t i v e grade c o u n c i l s are governed by the f o l l o w i n g c l a u s e i n the c o n s t i t u t i o n , -e u . \"A Grade C o u n c i l m e e t i n g s h a l l h e h e l d r e g u l a r l y once a month t o d i s c u s s a f f a i r s r e l a t i n g to t h e g r a d e , a nd to t h e s c h o o l . Recommendations may he made t o t h e I k e out i v e C o u n c i l . A.t l e a s t one member o f t h e A d v i s o r y C o u n c i l w i l l a c t a s a d v i s o r t o e a c h Grade C o u n c i l , s h a l l c a l l t h e f i r s t m e e t i n g o f e a c h new c o u n c i l , and s h a l l b e p r e s e n t a t e a c h m e e t i n g . \" \u00C2\u00B0^ The e x e c u t i v e c o u n c i l m e n t i o n e d above i s t h e c e n t r a l e x e c u t i v e o f t h e s t u d e n t b o d y , She c o n s t i t u t i o n p r o v i d e s t h a t , -\"The S c h o o l E x e c u t i v e C o u n c i l s h a l l c o n s i s t o f t h e OFFICERS o f t h e Grade C o u n c i l s , a l s o f o u r r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s f r o m t h e M o n i t o r d e p a r t m e n t , one f r o m t h e L o s t - a n d - F o u n d d e p a r t m e n t , The E d i t o r - i n -c h i e f o f t h e S c h o o l M a g a z i n e , two E x t r a Members f r o m t h e Grade N i n e C o u n c i l and one f r o m t h e Grade E i g h t C o u n c i l , \" d j The \" E x t r a Members\" who become members o f t h e S c h o o l E x e c u t i v e a r e \"Those c a n d i d a t e s i n . t h e e l e c t i o n whose number o f v o t e s . p o l l e d most n e a r l y p r o x i m a t e t h e number o f v o t e s p o l l e d by t h e i r s u c c e s s f u l o p p o n e n t s f o r \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 o f f i c e . \" -\u00C2\u00B0 T h i s c l a u s e h a s a t w o - f o l d r e s u l t . I t makes i t p o s s i b l e fox-t h r e e d e f e a t e d p o p u l a r c a n d i d a t e s t o become members o f the-e x e c u t i v e , t h e r e b y s o f t e n i n g T d e f e a t . B u t more i m p o r t a n t t h a n t h a t , i t w e i g h t s t h e e x e c u t i v e c o u n c i l w i t h p u p i l s o f Grade V I I I and E I . T h i s i s an a t t e m p t t o p l a c e i n o f f i c e a m a j o r i t y o f p u p i l s who h a v e h a d e x p e r i e n c e w i t h s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t . The C e n t r a l E x e c u t i v e , The n e w l y - e l e c t e d o f f i c e r s and a d d i t i o n a l members a r e 58. The C o n s t i t u t i o n , C l a u s e 2, S e c t i o n 4, s u b - s e e . B. 39. The C o n s t i t u t i o n , C l a u s e 2, S e c t i o n 3, s u b - s e e . A. 40 . The C o n s t i t u t i o n , C l a u s e - S , S e c t i o n 3, s u b - s e c B. c a l l e d t o g e t h e r by t h e c o n v e n o r o l * t h e a d v i s o r y c o u n c i l and t h e o f f i c e r s o f t h i s C e n t r a l e x e c u t i v e assume o f f i c e . The c o n s t i -t u t i o n p r o v i d e s t h a t t h e p r e s i d e n t o f t h e Grade L i c o u n c i l s h a l l be t h e p r e s i d e n t o f t h e s c h o o l e x e c u t i v e , commonly lenown a-s t h e \" S c h o o l P r e s i d e n t \" . The p r e s i d e n t o f t h e G r a d e \u00C2\u00A5111 c o u n c i l a u t o m a t ! c a l l y becomes t h e v i c e - p r e s i d e n t o f t h e s c h o o l . On a c c o u n t . o f t h e s e two r e g u l a t i o n s , t h e o n l y o f f i c e r s a c t u a l l y e l e c t e d by t h i s s m a l l g r o u p a r e a s e c r e t a r y and a t r e a s u r e r . These must be e l e c t e d f r o m among t h e members who a r e a l s o c l a s s o f f i c e r s . T h i s r e g u l a t i o n i s c o n s i d e r e d n e c e s s a r y b e c a u s e many o f t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s ' f r o m t h e m o n i t o r d e p a r t m e n t , l o s t - a n a - ' f o u n d d e p a r t m e n t , a nd t h e s c h o o l m a g a z i n e , ( s i x i n a l l ) , a r e n o t n e c e s s a r i l y c l a s s o f f i c e r s and m i g h t n o t be ox h i g h c a l i b r e . The A d v i s o r y C o u n c i l . I t was m e n t i o n e d t h a t t h e c o n v e n o r o f t h e a d v i s o r y c o u n c i l c a l l e d t o g e t h e r t h e s e n e w l y - e l e c t e d o f f i c e r s f o r t h e i r f i r s t m e e t i n g . The c l a u s e o f t h e c o n s t i t u t i o n p r o v i d i n g f o r \u00E2\u0080\u00A2the a d v i s o r y c o u n c i l , q u o t e d below, i s s e l f - e x p l a n a t o r y . \"The A d v i s o r y C o u n c i l s h a l l c o n s i s t o f t h e P r i n c i p a l , v i c e - p r i n c i p a l , g i r l s ' c o u n s e l l o r , s c h o o l t r e a s u r e r , and o t h e r t e a c h e r s a p p o i n t e d b y t h e P r i n c i p a l . The c o n v e n o r o f t h i s g r o u p , a p p o i n t e d by t h e P r i n c i p a l , s h a l l be r e s p o n s i b l e f o r c a l l i n g m e e t i n g s and f o r d i r e c t i n g t h e a f f a i r s o f t h e a d v i s o r y c o u n c i l . A t any m e e t i n g o f a g r a d e c o u n c i l o r t h e e x e c u t i v e c o u n c i l , a t l e a s t one member o f t h e a d v i s o r y c o u n c i l s h a l l be p r e s e n t t o a s s i s t i f c a l l e d u p o n OH HEEDED. A l l d i f f i c u l t p r o b l e m s o f t h e s t u d e n t o r g a n i s a t i o n o r t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n s h a l l be r e f e r r e d t o t h e a d v i s o r y \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 c o u n c i l f o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n , and g u i d a n c e o r d i r e c t i o n s h a l l be g i v e n b y t h e a d v i s o r y c o u n c i l . \" 41 .41. The C o n s t i t u t i o n , c l a u s e \u00C2\u00A3, s e c t i o n 2, S t a f f Advisory Council P r i n c i p a l V i c e - p r i n c i p a l G i r l s ' Counsellor School Treasurer Member of.the S t a f f School P^ecutiye Council vt\u00C2\u00B1icers President Vice-president Secretary Treasurer These are known as line School Executive The Council i s composed of F i f t e e n Grade Council O f f i c e r s Hine a d d i t i o n a l student members! One member ,of Advisory Council Total membership,-25 Grade 9 Council Twenty-four meabertl Organi s i m i l that i Grade za t i o n ar to f the 8 Council Grade 8 Council Thirty-nine members made up of the Pres.,Vice-pres. ,Sec; treas. of each Grade 6| clas s (President {Vice-president! |9ff i o e r s ( Secretary ( Treasurer ,' \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 ( Press Cor. Grade 7 Council pourty-two members Organization s i m i l a r t o that of the Grade .8 Council P\u00C2\u00B1ass| 1 iass] 5 jOlassI Three of the eight \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u0094Grade 9 classes >~ Class Class j l a s s 9 16 21 Pres. V^-pres. Secy-treas. Two iionitors j Three of the 1 t h i r t e e n t\u00E2\u0080\u0094Grade 8 c l a s s e s \u00E2\u0080\u0094 ilassl 22 plassl 27 ll a s s 35 Three of the fourteen -Grade 7 classes- 1 Each c l a s s sends three o f f i c e r s to i t s Grade Council. I l l u s t r a t i n g the student o r g a n i z a t i o n In Point Grey Junior High School, September,. 1935 P i g . 19 To face page 82. I t i s t h r o u g h t i l l s body t i i a t trie s t a f f o f t l i e s c l i o o l o b t a i n s r e p r e s e n t a t i o n on each o f t h e t h r e e g r a d e c o u n c i l s and on t h e s c h o o l e x e c u t i v e . . She S c h o o l T r e a s u r e r . C o n t a i n e d i n t h e membership o f t h e a d v i s o r y c o u n c i l i s a s c h o o l t r e a s u r e r , a p p o i n t e d by t h e P r i n c i p a l y t o a c t as h e a d t r e a s u r e r o r h a n k e r . I n o r d e r t h a t t h e c o u n c i l f e e s c o l l e c t e d f r o m each s t u d e n t may be p r o p e r l y p r o t e c t e d , t h e s c h o o l t r e a s u r e r and t h e t r e a s u r e r o f t h e e x e c u t i v e c o u n c i l , t o g e t h e r w i t h t h e g r a d e t r e a s u r e r s , k e e p j o i n t l y a s e t o f b o o k s w h i c h a r e a u d i t e d i n F e b r u a r y and June o f e a c h y e a r . The s c h o o l t r e a s u r e r p a y s a l l a c c o u n t s when t h e s a n c t i o n o f t h e e x e c u t i v e c o u n c i l has b e e n g i v e n . A D i a g r a m o f t h e O r g a n i s a t i o n . To supplement t h e f o r e g o i n g d i s c u s s i o n , f i g u r e 19 i l l u s t r a t e s d i a g r a m a t i e a l l y t h e p r e s e n t f o r m o f s t u d e n t g o v e r n -ment. A c o m p a r i s o n o f t h i s d i a g r a m w i t h t h o s e i n f i g u r e s 15 and 15 w i l l e m p h a s i z e t h e g r o w t h o f t h e o r g a n i s a t i o n . S t u d e n t C o n t a c t w i t h t h e G o v e r n i n g Body. I n o r d e r to' i n s u r e c o n t a c t b e t w e e n e a c h s t u d e n t and the s t u d e n t government, t h e f o l l o w i n g r e g u l a t i o n s a r e i n f o r c e : (1) No s u b j e c t may be b r o u g h t b e f o r e any g r a d e c o u n c i l u n t i l i t has r e c e i v e d the r a t i f i c a t i o n o f a t l e a s t one c l a s s . T h i s r e g u l a t i o n a u t o m a t i c a l l y e l i m i n a t e s a g r e a t many u s e l e s s d i s c u s s i o n s i n t h e c o u n c i l m e e t i n g s , s i n c e many w o r t h l e s s i d e a s n e v e r g e t beyond - t h e c l a s s r o o m . I t a l s o makes i t i m p o s s i b l e f o r any s i n g l e s t u d e n t o r any c l i q u e t o \" r a i l r o a d \" i d e a s t h r o u g h \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 t h e c o u n c i l . Perhaps t h e g r e a t e s t v a l u e t h a t t h i s r e g u l a t i o n a f f o r d s i s o b t a i n e d t h r o u g h t h e f a c t t h a t some f a i r l y l a r g e g r o u p s o f s t u d e n t s a r e r e s p o n s i b l e f o r e v e r y i t e m o n - t h e c o u n c i l agenda,' (2) A f t e r each g r a d e c o u n c i l m e e t i n g , t h e c l a s s s e c r e t a r i e s o f t h a t , g r a d e must r e p o r t t o t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e c l a s s e s r e s u l t s o f t h a t m e e t i n g . By t h i s r u l e e v e r y s t u d e n t knows what t h e ' g r a d e c o u n c i l i s d.oing, and by means o f t h e d i s c u s s i o n - w h i c h I n v a r i a b l y f o l l o w s , any s t u d e n t c a n p l a c e n i s o p i n i o n s b e f o r e t h e g r a d e c o u n c i l t h r o u g h t h e c l a s s r e p r e s e n -t a t i v e s . O t h e r Systems Compared w i t h T h a t o f P o i n t Grey. E a c h o f t h e f i v e t y p e s o f s t u d e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n o u t -l i n e d i n C h a p t e r IV. c o n t a i n e d c e r t a i n i n h e r e n t d i s a d v a n t a g e s , I t i s a d v i s a b l e to compare t h e s e s y stems w i t h t h a t of P o i n t Grey to show t h a t many o f t h e s e u n d e s i r a b l e f a c t o r s have been e i t h e r m i n i m i z e d or e l i m i n a t e d . U n der -the i n f o r m a l t y p e o f s t u d e n t government no g r o u p i s c o n s i d e r e d r e s p o n s i b l e f o r g e n e r a l c o n d i t i o n s . The s t u d e n t s f a i l t o d e v e l o p s o c i a l - c o n s c i o u s n e s s and f a i l t o assume r e s p o n s i b i l i t y . When c a l l e d upon to a c t i n the- i n t e r e s t s o f t h e s c h o o l they do n o t r e s p o n d s p o n t a n e o u s l y , t h e i r e f f o r t s b e i n g r a t h e r i n t h e n a t u r e o f o b l i g a t i o n s t o s u p e r i o r s . In P o i n t Grey, on t h e o t h e r hand, t h e s e two o b j e c t i o n s have b e e n e l i m i n a t e d . S t u d e n t s a r e e v e r w a t c h f u l f o r c o n d i t i o n s w h i c h c o u l d be i m p r o v e d and on o c c a s i o n a c t u a l l y v i e w i t h one a n o t h e r 84* t o see who can s u g g e s t t h e b e s t remedy. S i n c e a n i d e a must r e c e i v e f a i r l y wide s u p p o r t b e f o r e b e i n g p r e s e n t e d t o t h e c o u n c i l , e v e r y m a j o r p r o j e c t i n t h e s c h o o l i s s p o n s o r e d by a c o m p a r a t i v e l y l a r g e g r o u p o f s t u d e n t s . As i t s o r i g i n a t o r s , any g r o u p p r e s e n t i n g an i d e a d e f i n i t e l y assumes r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r i t s s u c c e s s o r f a i l u r e . The s e n s e o f t h i s g r o u p r e s p o n -s i b i l i t y may become so p r o n o u n c e d t h a t t h e r e s u l t i n g s p o n t a n e o u s a c t i o n sometimes a c t u a l l y has t o be c u r b e d . In t h e ease o f s u c c e s s , , t h e accompanying s a t i s f a c t i o n is, a d e c i d e d l y p r o f i t a b l e e x p e r i e n c e to t h e s p o n s o r i n g g r o u p . I n t h e ' s p e c i f i c ' t y p e o f s t u d e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n , i n w h i c h s p e c i a l g r o u p s - a r e c h o s e n by t h e p r i n c i p a l to assume c e r t a i n r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s , t h e o p p o r t u n i t y f o r t h e t r a i n i n g o f t h e s t u d e n t body i n t h e c h o i c e o f l e a d e r s i s l o s t and t h o s e s t u d e n t s who a r e put i n charge f r e q u e n t l y l a c k t h e r e a l i z a t i o n o f t h e i r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o t h e w h o l e s c h o o l . A g a i n , i n t h e P o i n t Grey J u n i o r H i g h S c h o o l , t h e s e o b j e c t i o n s h a v e been e l i m i n a t e d s i n c e t h e whole\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 s c h o o l , t w i c e each y e a r , must choose l e a d e r s who r e a l i z e t h a t t h e i r p o s i t i o n r e f l e c t s t h e w i l l o f t h e e n t i r e s t u d e n t body and t h a t they t h e r e f o r e a r e r e s p o n s i b l e t o t h e whole s c h o o l . In the ' s i m p l e c o u n c i 1 ' t y p e o f s t u d e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n , t h e i n f l u e n c e o f c l i q u e s i s t h e c h i e f o b j e c t i o n . These c l i q u e s e x i s t b e c a u s e s u c h a n o r g a n i z a t i o n i s n o t b r o a d enough to d i f f u s e c o n f l i c t i n g i n t e r e s t s . T h i s o b j e c t i o n h a s been m i n i -m i z e d a t P o i n t Grey by the g r a d a t i o n o f c o u n c i l o r g a n i z a t i o n and the f i n a l c e n t r a l i z a t i o n o f c o n t r o l . The ' s c h o o l e i t y J type o f o r g a n i z a t i o n w i t h i t s c o m p l i c a t e d , a r b i t r a r y s e t - u p has been a v o i d e d a t P o i n t Grey. A l l t h e o f f i c e s I n t h e pr.esent s y s t e m have a c t u a l l y grown out . o f e x p e r i e n c e . They a r e a l l r e q u i r e d and t h e i r f u n c t i o n s a r e a l l u n d e r s t o o d by t h e s t u d e n t s . I n t h i s c o n n e c t i o n i t I s a d v i s a b l e to m e n t i o n t h a t a c o u r s e i n \"Guidance\", ( s o c i a l , e d u c a t i o n a l , v o c a t i o n a l , and a v o c a t i o n a l ) , i s now a s t a n d a r d c o u r s e i n a l l s e c o n d a r y s c h o o l s . In P o i n t .Grey t h e Grade \u00C2\u00A511 g u i d a n c e c o u r s e c o n t a i n s a complete d i s c u s s i o n o f the f o r m o f s t u d e n t government w h i c h e x i s t s i n t h e s c h o o l . The s y s t e m a t P o i n t Grey a p p r o x i m a t e s the 'complex c o u n c i l 1 t y p e o f s t u d e n t government w i t h t h e e x c e p t i o n t h a t e a ch c o u n c i l i s not e n t i r e l y i n d e p e n d e n t . The a d v i s o r y c o u n c i l c o n s t i t u t e s a c o r r e l a t i n g f a c t o r and o f f i c e r s o f t h e l o w e r c o u n c i l s become members o f t h e c e n t r a l e x e c u t i v e body. By t h e s e two means i t i s b e l i e v e d t h a t t h e o b j e c t i o n o f \" o v e r -o r g a n i z a t i o n \" has been a v o i d ed. Some D i s a d v a n t a g e s o f t h e P r e s e n t O r g a n i z a t i o n . Though many o f t h e s e w i l l e v e n t u a l l y be e l i m i n a t e d , c e r t a i n d i s a d v a n t a g e s a r e s t i l l to be f o u n d i n t h e P o i n t Grey system. Some o f t h e more p e r s i s t e n t f a u l t s o f t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n a r e : ( 1 ) Owing t o t h e many a c t i v i t i e s i n t h e s c h o o l , i t i s i m p o s s i b l e f o r e a c h c o u n c i l t o have more than one m e e t i n g a month. The members o f the c o u n c i l f a i l t o remember u n f i n i s h e d b u s i n e s s f r o m one m e e t i n g t o t h e n e x t . T h i s n e c e s s i t a t e s a c l o s e r e v i e w o f t h e m i n u t e s o f t h e p r e v i o u s m e e t i n g w i t h a ,. consequent l o s s o f t i m e . (S) Some home room t e a c h e r s f a i l t o r e a l i z e t h e v a l u e o f c l o s e c o n n e c t i o n between t h e c l a s s and t h e c o u n c i l , and as a r e s u l t , n o t o n l y f a i l t o o b t a i n a c o m p l e t e r e p o r t o f c o u n c i l M e e t i n g s , b u t a l s o f a i l t o send c l a s s p r o b l e m s to t h e c o u n c i l f o r d i s c u s s i o n . A l t h o u g h i t i s n o t a d i s c i p l i n a r y body, t h e r e a r e many c l a s s r o o m p r o b l e m s o f a n o n - d i s c i p l i n a r y n a t u r e t h a t c a n be d e a l t w i t h by t h e council\u00C2\u00AB F o r i n s t a n c e , members o f a c l a s s m i ght p i c k r o s e s i n a n e i g h b o u r ' s g a r d e n . T h i s i s n o t n e c e s s a r i l y a p r o b l e m i n c l a s s r o o m d i s c i p l i n e , a s i t s s o l u t i o n may r e f l e c t on the e n t i r e s c h o o l . The c o u n c i l c o u l d t h e r e f o r e v e r y p r o f i t a b l y d i s c u s s t h i s misdemeanour and e x p r e s s an o p i n i o n w h i c h , r e f l e c t i n g t h e a t t i t u d e o f the s c h o o l , w o u l d i n a l l p r o b a b i l i t y have a b e n e f i c i a l e f f e c t on t h e c l a s s c o n c e r n e d . The t e a c h e r , u n f o r t u n a t e l y , f r e q u e n t l y o v e r l o o k s t h e o p p o r t u n i t y o f o b t a i n i n g such an e x p r e s s i o n o f p u b l i c o p i n i o n . ( 3 ) D e s p i t e t h e e f f o r t s t o l i n k t h e c l a s s w i t h t h e c o u n c i l t h r o u g h t h e r e p o r t s of t h e s e c r e t a r y , t h e s e r e p o r t s a r e f r e q u e n t l y so i n c o r r e c t o r so s c a n t y t h a t t h e c l a s s has l i t t l e o r no i d e a o f what i s b e i n g done by t h e c o u n c i l . T h i s drawback may be p a r t i a l l y overcome by an i n t e r e s t e d and s y m p a t h e t i c home room t e a c h e r . I n many oases i t s e f f e c t s a r e a l l too a p p a r e n t , (4) On o c c a s i o n t o o much d i r e c t i o n may be r e q u i r e d o r g i v e n by t h e c o u n c i l a d v i s o r . A t such t i m e s d i s s a t i s f a c t i o n i s e x p r e s s e d i n the f e e l i n g t h a t t h e s t u d e n t s a r e b e i n g b o s s e d . (5) A n o t h e r p r o b l e m to be f o u n d i n any form o f 8Y . s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t i s t h e d i f f i c u l t y o f j u d g i n g t h e c h a r a c t e r o f a p r o s p e c t i v e c a n d i d a t e , A c e r t a i n t y p e o f s t u d e n t may a p p e a r v e r y r e l i a b l e b e f o r e b e i n g e l e c t e d t o o f f i c e , b u t once e l e c t e d \" g e t s t h e b i g h e a d \" . The r e c o g n i t i o n o f s u c h a s t u d e n t p r e s e n t s a r e a l p r o b l e m t o t h e a d v i s o r , a n d i n f a c t , t o a l l who a r e c o n c e r n e d w i t h t h e w e l f a r e o f s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t . ( 6 ) T h e r e a r e t i m e s when t h e a u t h o r i t y I n v e s t e d i n t h e ' i n d i v i d u a l members o f t h e c o u n c i l , and t h e p r i v i l e g e s w h i c h accompany t h a t a u t h o r i t y , a r e a b u s e d , F o r e x a m p l e , a s t u d e n t p r e p a r i n g a s p e e c h f o r a g r a d e a s s e m b l y , u s e s t h i s as an e x c u s e f o r n e g l e c t i n g a l e s s o n a s s i g n m e n t , and o p e n l y s t a t e s t h a t he was b u s y w i t h c o u n c i l d u t i e s . N a t u r a l l y s u c h an e x c u s e c o u l d n o t be a c c e p t e d due t o t h e bad e f f e c t on t h e c l a s s m o r a l e and o t h e r p r o b a b l e c o m p l i c a t i o n s . O c c a s i o n a l l y t h e c o u n c i l members a r e c a l l e d f o r an emergency m e e t i n g d u r i n g r e g u l a r c l a s s e s . On b r i g h t s p r i n g days i t i s a g r e a t t e m p t a t i o n n o t t o r e t u r n t o c l a s s p r o m p t l y . C i t a t i o n m i g h t be made o f o t h e r I n s t a n c e s o f t h e abuse o f a u t h o r i t y and p r i v i l e g e by c o u n c i l members\u00C2\u00BB ( ? ) A n o t h e r , and p e r h a p s u n d e r s t a n d a b l e , d i s a d v a n t a g e i s t h e g r e a t d i f f i c u l t y o f o b t a i n i n g d i s c u s s i o n i n t h e Grade V I I c o u n c i l . T h i s d i f f i c u l t y n a t u r a l l y t h r o w s t h e b u r d e n o f s u g g e s t i o n upon t h e a d v i s o r who must p o s s e s s e x t r a o r d i n a r y t a c t a n d p a t i e n c e . I t i s t h e c l i i e x a i m o f t h e Grade Y l l a d v i s o r t o e n c o u r a g e t h e s e b e g i n n e r s i n e x e c u t i v e c a p a c i t i e s t o e x p r e s s t h e m s e l v e s . I n s p i t e o f t h e s e a n d o t h e r d i s a d v a n t a g e s w h i c h s t i l l 88\u00C2\u00BB e x i s t i n t h e p r e s e n t s y s t e m of s t u d e n t government, i t i s f e l t t h a t a g r e a t d e a l h a s b e e n a c c o m p l i s h e d t o w a r d o b t a i n i n g ' a w o r k a b l e and s a t i s f a c t o r y o r g a n i z a t i o n a t P o i n t G r e y . The s u c c e s s o f t h e P o i n t G r e y s y s t e m i s u n d o u b t e d l y due iro i t s f o u n d a t i o n u pon t h e f u n d a m e n t a l p r i n c i p l e s o f s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t . I t may b e p r o f i t a b l e t o r e c a l l t h e s e p r i n c i p l e s and n o t e t h e i r i n c o r p o r a t i o n i n t h e s t r u c t u r e o f s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t i n t h e P o i n t G r e y J u n i o r H i g h S c h o o l . {1} The d e s i r e f o r s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t must come f r o m t h e s t u d e n t s . A t P o i n t G r e y a d m i n i s t r a t i v e a c t i o n a w a i t e d t h e s p e c i f i c r e q u e s t o f t h e s t u d e n t s . ( 2 ) The c o u n c i l m u s t r e p r e s e n t t h e s c h o o l a s a w h o l e a n d a t t h e same t i m e t h e a v e r a g e s t u d e n t must f e e l t h a t he i s p e r s o n a l l y r e p r e s e n t e d . T h r o u g h t h e b a l l o t s y s t e m e v e r y member o f e v e r y c l a s s i s r e p r e s e n t e d i n the g o v e r n i n g body a t P o i n t G r e y . (3) B o t h t h e s t a f f a n d t h e s t u d e n t s must be f a i r l y r e p r e s e n t e d . The s t a f f r e p r e s e n t a t i o n i n t h i s c a s e i s t h r o u g h t h e a d v i s o r y c o u n c i l , some member o f w h i c h must be p r e s e n t a t e v e r y o f f i c i a l m e e t i n g o f a n y - p o r t i o n o f t h e s t u d e n t o r g a n i z a t i o n . T h rough t h e medium o f t h e w e e k l y s t a f f m e e t i n g c a l l e d by t h e P r i n c i p a l , a n y m a t t e r o f p a r t i c u l a r i m p o r t a n c e i s r e p o r t e d by t h e members o f the a d v i s o r y c o u n c i l . These m a t t e r s a r e d i s c u s s e d and t h e o p i n i o n s o f t h e s t a f f a r e t h u s o b t a i n e d . B o t h s t u d e n t s a n d s t a f f a r e s a t i s f i e d w i t h t h e f a i r n e s s o f t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i o n . The f o u r t h f u n d a m e n t a l p r i n c i p l e u n d e r l y i n g a s u c c e s s f u l o r g a n i z a t i o n i s t h a t t h e c o u n c i l - m u s t have d e f i n i t e p o w e r s . The d i s c u s s i o n o f t h e a c t i v i t i e s o f t h e s c h o o l o f f i c e r s h a s b e e n l e f t f o r t h e f o l l o w i n g c h a p t e r . CHAPTER V I I . The A c t i v i t i e s o f t h e S t u d e n t C o u n c i l . C o u n c i l R o u t i n e . In c o n n e c t i o n with, s t u d e n t p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n s c h o o l government a t P o i n t Grey, c e r t a i n r o u t i n e d u t i e s a r e a s s i g n e d t o t h o s e who a r e d i r e c t l y engaged i n c o u n c i l a c t i v i t i e s . These f u n d a m e n t a l r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s p r o v i d e the n e c e s s a r y c o n t a c t between t h e a d m i n i s t r a t o r s , a d v i s o r s , s t u d e n t s and s t a f f w h i c h i s a p r e - r e q u i s i t e o f u n d e r s t a n d i n g and c o o p e r a t i o n . I t w i l l be n o t i c e d t h a t v i r i l e e a c h i t e m i n t h e f o l l o w i n g l i s t o f d u t i e s i n c l u d e s b o t h s t u d e n t and a d v i s o r , t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y i s placed, upon t h e s t u d e n t . DAILY D U T I E S 4 2 The p r e s i d e n t and s e c r e t a r y ox e a c h g r a d e c o u n c i l must r e p o r t to t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e g r a d e a d v i s o r s e a c h m o r n i n g as soon as t h e s c h o o l d o o r s open, ( 8 : 3 0 o ' c l o c k ) . The t r e a s u r e r and s e c r e t a r y o f t h e e x e c u t i v e c o u n c i l must r e p o r t to t h e c o u n c i l a d v i s o r , who i s u s u a l l y t h e v i c e - p r i n c i p a l , e ach a f t e r n o o n i m m e d i a t e i y a f t e r s c h o o l d i s m i s s a l . The p r e s i d e n t o f t h e s t u d e n t body, must r e p o r t to the p r i n c i p a l e a c h a f t e r n o o n i m m e d i a t e l y a f t e r s c h o o l d i s m i s s a l . These d a i l y v i s i t s make i t p o s s i b l e f o r t h e a d m i n i s -t r a t o r s , a d v i s o r s , and s t u d e n t o f f i c e r s t o have a c c u r a t e i n f o r m a t i o n r e g a r d i n g t h e a c t i v i t i e s of t h a t p a r t i c u l a r day, and p r o v i d e o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r p l a n n i n g f u t u r e a c t i v i t i e s more t h o r o u g h l y . B e s i d e s t h e d a i l y d u t i e s o f i n d i v i d u a l o f f i c e r s , t h e r e 42. Prom a c i r c u l a r drawn up by f o r m e r P o i n t Grey c o u n c i l s to p r o v i d e i n f o r m a t i o n f o r a l l n e w l y - e l e c t e d o f f i c e r s . 9 0 , a r e c e r t a i n o t h e r r o u t i n e f a c t o r s w h i c h t e n d to e x p e d i t e t h e t r a n s a c t i o n o f c o u n c i l b u s i n e s s . These d u t i e s , o u t l i n e d b e l o v i l l u s t r a t e t h e b r o a d f i e l d o f r o u t i n e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y which, members o f t h e c o u n c i l must assume. GENERAL R E S P O N S I B I L I T I E S OE GEEICEES A. 1. E v e r y o f f i c e r s h o u l d keep i n h i s n o t e book a l i s t o f a l l s c h o o l o f f i c e r s . He s h o u l d be f a m i l i a r w i t h t h i s - l i s t and s h o u l d know t h e o f f i c e o c c u p i e d b y e a c h o f f i c e r . 2. The p r e s i d e n t a n d s e c r e t a r y o f e a c h g r a d e c o u n c i l s h o u l d know p e r s o n a l l y t h e o f f i c e r s o f t h e c o u n c i l and s h o u l d b e f r i e n d l y w i t h them. 5. A l l o f f i c e r s s h o u l d l e a r n to r e a d e x p e r t l y a b l u e p r i n t o f t h e s c h o o l t i m e - t a b l e s h o w i n g w here c l a s s e s a n d t e a c h e r s a r e t o be f o u n d . 4 . A l l o f f i c e r s s h o u l d be f a m i l i a r w i t h t h e names o f a l l t e a c h e r s a n d t h e l o c a t i o n o f t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e home rooms. 5. A l l o f f i c e r s s h o u l d pay p a r t i c u l a r a t t e n t i o n t o t h e w e e k l y b u l l e t i n , and s h o u l d t a k e n o t e o f i t e m s on t h e b u l l e t i n b o a r d . 6. A l l o f f i c e r s s h o u l d make n o t e o f a l l s u g g e s t i o n s made hy members of t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e c l a s s e s o r by c l a s s t e a c h e r s , and s h o u l d b r i n g t h e s e s u g g e s t i o n s t o t h e e x e c u t i v e m e e t i n g s . I f they a r e o f v a l u e t h e e x e c u t i v e w i l l recommend them t o the- c o u n c i l f o r c o n s i d e r a t i o n . 7. A l l o f f i c e r s must r e s e r v e t h e f o l l o w i n g t i m e s f o r c o u n c i l m e e t i n g s :-S c h o o l E x e c u t i v e ^ \u00E2\u0080\u0094 f i r s t Monday e a c h month. Grade 7 G o u n c i l , s e c o n d Monday \" \" Grade 8 C o u n c i l , - - f o u r t h Monday \" \" . G rade 9 C o u n c i l , \u00E2\u0080\u0094 t h i r d Monday n \" 43. Erom a c i r c u l a r drawn up by f o r m e r P o i n t G r e y C o u n c i l s t o p r o v i d e i n f o r m a t i o n f o r a l l n e w l y - e l e c t e d o f f i c e r s . B. 1. I t I s t h e duty of t h e s e c r e t a r y to g i v e p r i n t e d n o t i c e s to each c l a s s i n the ease of grade c o u n c i l s , and to each o f f i c e r i n the case o f s c h o o l e x e c u t i v e , ( f i g u r e 20 i l l u s t r a t e s t h i s n o t i c e . ) These n o t i c e s should he d e l i v e r e d two Cays b e f o r e each m e e t i n g . 2. I t i s the duty o f the p r e s i d e n t of e a c h , c o u n c i l to n o t i f y the o f f i c e r s of h i s e x e c u t i v e o f s p e c i a l meetings f o r the purpose o f p r e p a r i n g the agenda f o r the c o u n e i l m e e t i n g . 3 . I t i s the duty of t h e v i c e - p r e s i d e n t to make a l i s t o f t h e c l a s s e s i n t h e grade c o u n c i l and o f o f f i c e r s i n t h e s c h o o l e x e c u t i v e c o u n c i l and from t h i s l i s t c a l l t h e r o l l a t e a c h m e e t i n g . 4. l b i s the d u t y of t h e v i c e - p r e s i d e n t to n o t i f y the members of the a d v i s o r y c o u n c i l o f the time and p l a c e of each, c o u n c i l m eeting. 5 . I t i s the d u t y o f t h e s e c r e t a r y o f each c o u n c i l t o keep an a c c u r a t e account o f the minutes o f each meeting of t h e r e s p e c t i v e c o u n c i l s , and w r i t e a l l l e t t e r s i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e b u s i n e s s o f t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e c o u n c i l s . C o p i e s o f a l l t h i s m a t e r i a l must be handed t o the c o u n c i l a d v i s o r on t h e day f o l l o w i n g the meeting. I n the ease of t h e e x e c u t i v e c o u n c i l , c o p i e s o f a l l minutes and of a l l l e t t e r s w r i t t e n must be g i v e n to the P r i n c i p a l on the day f o l l o w i n g e a c h meeting o r f o l l o w i n g the w r i t i n g of suoh l e t t e r s . 6. I t i s t h e d u t y o f the t r e a s u r e r o f e a c h c o u n c i l t o g i v e a t each c o u n c i l meeting a f i n a n c i a l r e p o r t o f a l l money m a t t e r s w h i c h come w i t h i n t h e sphere of h i s duty. 7. I t i s the duty of the c o r r e s p o n d i n g -s e c r e t a r y o f each c o u n c i l to hand to t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e a d v i s o r s a news r e p o r t o f each assembly and meeting h e l d by t h e gr a d e . 8. I t i s t h e duty o f the e x t r a members on the grade e i g h t and n i n e c o u n c i l s to a c t as a s s i s t a n t s e c r e t a r i e s f o r t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e grades. I t w i l l be seen t h a t i f these s u g g e s t i o n s and i n s t r u c -t i o n s , as l a i d down by t h e c o u n c i l i t s e l f , are f o l l o w e d by the 93\u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00C2\u00BB c o u n c i l o f f i c e r s , c o u n c i l b u s i n e s s c a n be t r a n s a c t e d w i t h a maximum, o f c o o p e r a t i o n and a minimum o f l o s t t i m e and. m i s -u n d e r s t a n d i n g \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 ' '. T H E S T U D E N T C O U N C I L of the POINT GREY JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL ..193-.... To the Secretary of....... ........... Council: : Please notify those concerned on the register of your Council that there ivill be a.. .' ...^Council- meeting on ........................ in Room . ...at....'.... .o'clock. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \"\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 ......Secretary. Agenda-. ' ^.........Council.. N o t i c e o f C o u n c i l M e e t i n g . F i g . 20. D i r e c t S t u d e n t P a r t i c i p a t i o n . P e r i o d i c a l l y t h r o u g h o u t t h e y e a r t h e c o u n c i l i s s u e s \" S p e c i a l C o u n c i l B u l l e t i n s \" . Two o f t h e s e a r e o f p a r t i c u l a r . s i g n i f i c a n c e , t h e f i r s t d e a l i n g w i t h s t u d e n t a c t i v i t i e s a n d th e s e c o n d c o n c e r n i n g - t h e c o u n c i l f e e and. i t s u s e s . The f i r s t b u l l e t i n i s i s s u e d d u r i n g t h e . - f i r s t week, o f s c h o o l i n . t h e ' f a l l T o r t h e p u r p o s e o f \" r e m i n d i n g o l d - t i m e r s and I n f o r m i n g new-' comers o f some o f t h e c o u n c i l a c t i v i t i e s \" . S i n c e t h i s b u l l e t i n i s r e a l l y t h e f o r e r u n n e r o f t h e announcement r e g a r d i n g c o u n c i l f e e s , i t c o n t a i n s a b r i e f s t a t e m e n t o f t h e e n t e r p r i s e s w h i c h \u00E2\u0080\u00A2emphasise d i r e c t s t u d e n t a c t i v i t y . T h i s s p e c i a l c o u n c i l b u l l e t i n f o r S e p t e m b e r 1935 h a s been u s e d a s a b a s i s f o r t h e f o l l o w i n g g e n e r a l d i s c u s s i o n . The L o s t - a n d - F o u n d D e p a r t m e n t , B e c a u s e o f i t s p r a c t i c a l 'economic v a l u e b o t h to t h e i n d i v i d u a l and to t h e s c h o o l community, and f o r t h e t r a i n i n g w h i c h c e r t a i n s t u d e n t s r e c e i v e f r o m i t s o p e r a t i o n , t h e l o s t -a nd-f c v.nd d e p a r t m e n t i s d e s e r v i n g o f d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n , The n e e d f o r s u c h a d e p a r t m e n t i n a j u n i o r h i g h s c h o o l has a l r e a d 3 r b e e n m e n t i o n e d . T h i s a c t i v i t y i s s u p e r v i s e d by a t e a c h e r - s p o n s o r who c h o o s e s f r o m t h e numerous a p p l i c a n t s t h e number o f s t u d e n t s r e q u i * ' 0 ' \" u 1 j . \u00C2\u00AB ' J \"1^ ~ ' l y . These a r e known a s \" l o s t - ^ . d - P e d \u00E2\u0080\u009E- i ' o ' . * -~ bo,, o Z g i r l s , w h o a r e c h o s e n , e l e c t ons o f t h e m s e l v e s as head o f t h s d e p a r t m e n t . The h e a d m o n i t o r i s r e s p o n s i b l e f o r a r r a n g i n g t h e r o t a t i o n o f duty, among h i s a s s i s t a n t s and f o r s u p e r v i s i n g t h e d i s p l a y s and. a u c t i o n s a l e t o b e m e n t i o n e d l a t e r . Any s u g g e s t e d c h a n g e s i n o r g a n i z a t i o n a r e d i s c u s s e d by t h e head o f t h e m o n i t o r d e p a r t m e n t and t h e t e a c h e r - s p o n s o r ( a p p o i n t e d hy t h e P r i n c i p a l ) . The o r g a n i z a t i o n as i t e x i s t s a t p r e s e n t p r o v i d e s a s i m p l e and e f f i c i e n t method of h a n d l i n g t h e a c c u m u l a t i o n o f f o u n d a r t i c l e s . I n o r d e r t o f a c i l i t a t e t h e i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f 9\u00C2\u00A3. Lhe m a t e r i a l , e v e r y s t u d e n t i s r e q u i r e d t o p u t h i s name mid c l a s s number on a l l h i s e q u i p m e n t . These m a r k i n g s f r e q u e n t l y wear o f f and a r e not r e p l a c e d . To meet t h i s e x i g e n c y t h e d e p a r t m e n t has on f i l e a l i s t o f a l l t h e s t u d e n t s i n t h e s c h o o l a c c o r d i n g t o c l a s s e s a n d room numbers. I f t h e i n f o r m a t i o n on an a r t i c l e i s n o t c o m p l e t e i t i s s t i l l o f t e n p o s s i b l e t o f i n d t h e owner by r e f e r r i n g t o t h e f i l e . I f t h e i n f o r m a t i o n f o r i d e n t i f i c a t i o n i s m i s s i n g e n t i r e l y , t h e a r t i c l e I s c l a s s e d a s m i s c e l l a n e o u s and f r e q u e n t l y r e m a i n s i n t h e d e p a r t m e n t f o r a l o n g t i m e . Each, day a t t h e a f t e r n o o n r o l l c a l l j u s t p r e v i o u s t o d i s m i s s a l , a c l a s s m o n i t o r c o l l e c t s a n y a r t i c l e s l e f t i n t h e room d u r i n g t h e d a y . He t h e n t a i r e s them t o t h e d e p a r t m e n t s t o r e - r o o m where t h e y a r e handed o v e r t o t h e l o s t - a n d - f o u n d m o n i t o r s . These m o n i t o r s s o r t t h e a r t i c l e s a c c o r d i n g t o t h e k i n d o f a r t i c l e ' a n d t h e c l a s s o f t h e owner. The m a t e r i a l I s t h e n p l a c e d on t h e s h e l v e s w h i c h a r e . i n d e x e d f o r c o n v e n i e n c e . The d e p a r t m e n t i s open e a c h a f t e r n o o n , f o r h a l f an h o u r a f t e r d i s m i s s a l a t w h i c h t i m e s s t u d e n t s may c a l l f o r l o s ! ; a r t i c l e s . I f a m a r k e d a r t i c l e r e m a i n s t h r e e d a y s on a d e p a r t m e n t s h e l f , I t i s r e t u r n e d t o t h e r e g i s t e r e d c l a s s room, and i t s owner, by f a i l i n g t o c a l l f o r h i s a r t i c l e a t t h e d e p a r t m e n t w i c k e t , has b r o k e n a r e g u l a t i o n . The c i t i z e n s h i p r a t i n g s c a l e u s e d i n t h e s c h o o l makes p r o v i s i o n f o r s u c h an i n f r i n g e m e n t . T h e r e a r e c e r t a i n a r t i c l e s , s u c h a s f o u n t a i n p e n s , w h i c h c a n n o t r e a d i l y be m arked and t h e r e f o r e c a n n o t be d e l i v e r e d i f n o t c a l l e d f o r . These a r e p l a c e d on d i s p l a y t w i c e a y e a r 9S. and t h e owners a r e f r e q u e n t l y l o c a t e d . The d e p a r t m e n t head and t h e t e a c h e r - s p o n s o r p e r s o n a l l y s u p e r v i s e t h e s e d i s p l a y s i n an e n d e a v o u r t o a v o i d u n j u s t c l a i m s o f o w n e r s h i p , ' Any c l o t h i n g w h i c h i s l e f t i n t h e d e p a r t m e n t a t . t h e s p r i n g c l o s i n g o f s c h o o l i s s e n t t o a w e l f a r e a s s o c i a t i o n , S m a l l a r t i c l e s s u c h a s p e n s , w a t c h e s , b r a c e l e t s and t h e l i k e w h i c h a r e l e f t u n c l a i m e d a r e s o l d a t a u c t i o n on t h e s p r i n g s p o r t s day. The p r o c e e d s f r o m t h i s s a l e a r e p l a c e d i n t h e s c h o o l f u n d s . I t w i l l \"be r e a d i l y seen t h a t t h o s e who c h o o s e t o t a k e p a r t i n t h i s s c h o o l - c o m m u n i t y e n t e r p r i s e a r e r e n d e r i n g a s e r v i c e t o t h e o t h e r s t u d e n t s a n d . a r e t h e m s e l v e s r e c e i v i n g c o n s i d e r a b l e t r a i n i n g i n o r g a n i z a t i o n , g e n e r a l t h r i f t , e f f i c i e n c y , n e a t n e s s , and p u n c t u a l i t y . \" \" * a s s e m b l i e s . The S c h o o l A s s e m b l y . A s s e m b l i e s a r e f r e q u e n t l y c l a s s e d as g r a d e o r a s s c h o o l a s s e m b l i e s . The l a t t e r a r e n o t o f t e n h e l d i n l a r g e s c h o o l s on a c c o u n t ' o f t h e l i m i t e d c a p a c i t y o f most s c h o o l a u d i t o r i u m s . I n P o i n t G r e y , when a s c h o o l a s s e m b l y i s h e l d , I t u s u a l l y m a r k s t h e o c c a s i o n o f some o u t s t a n d i n g e v e n t s u c h a s A r m i s t i c e Day, and a l t h o u g h t h e s t u d e n t o f f i c e r s p r e s i d e , t h e programme i s a r r a n g e d b y t h e s c h o o l a d m i n i s t r a t i o n . S u c h a 44, The s p e c i a l b u l l e t i n a l s o d raws t h e s t u d e n t s 1 a t t e n t i o n t o t h e s c h o o l m o n i t o r s y s t e m . T h i s s t u d e n t a c t i v i t y was e x p l a i n e d i n d e t a i l I n C h a p t e r Y t o I l l u s t r a t e the \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 e v o l u t i o n o f s t u d e n t p a r t i c i p a t i o n I n s c h o o l a f f a i r s a t t h e P o i n t G r e y J u n i o r H i g h S c h o o l . 96. g a t h e r i n g c o n t r i b u t e s to t h e u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e ev e n t ooamemoratea, a nd may r e s u l t i n li i a r h e d e m o t i o n a l r e s p o n s e on t h e p a r t o f t h e s t u d e n t body. Of g r e a t e r i m p o r t a n c e , however, i s t h e f a c t t h a t on suc h o c c a s i o n s t h e i n d i v i d u a l s t u d e n t I s b r o u g h t i n t o c o n t a c t w i t h a l l h i s f e l l o w - s t u d e n t s . l i e sees h i m s e l f a s a member o f a l a r g e bo ay o f c h i l d r e n a l l o f whom hav e much t h e same i n t e r e s t s a s h i s own. He s i n g s t h e s c h o o l s o n g s , h e a r s o f I t s a c t i v i t i e s , ana i s p r o m p t e d t o a i d i n s o l v i n g i t s p r o b l e m s . A l l o f t h e s e e x p e r i e n c e s t e n d t o promote s c h o o l s p i r i t , t h e g r e a t u n i f y i n g f a c t o r i n t h e s c h o o l . The s t u d e n t o f f i c e r s i n c h a r g e o f a s c h o o l a s s e m b l y h a v e c o n s i d e r a b l e r e s p o n s i b i l i t y p l a c e d upon them s i n c e any h e s i t a t i o n o r i n t e r r u p t i o n i n p r o c e e d i n g s may r e s u l t i n a u d i e n c e r e s p o n s e n o t I n k e e p i n g w i t h t h e o c c a s i o n . A t a r e c e n t s c h o o l a s s e m b l y i n P o i n t G r e y , n e a r l y f o u r t e e n h u n d r e d s t u d e n t s a n d o v e r f i f t y v i s i t o r s were p r e s e n t . On t h a t o c c a s i o n t h e M i n i s t e r - o f E d u c a t i o n of B r i t i s h C o l u m b i a c o m p l i m e n t e d t h e o f f i c e r s and s t u d e n t body; t h e o f f i c e r s f o r t h e e f f e c t i v e manner w i t h w h i c h t h e a s s e m b l y had been c o n d u c t e d , and t h e s t u d e n t b ody f o r t h e i r g e n e r a l b e h a v i o u r a n d t h e g e n u i n e enjoyment w h i c h had p r e v a i l e d . These two a s p e c t s o f an a s s e m b l y , t h e e f f i c i e n c y o f t h e s t u d e n t o f f i c e r s on the one hand, and t h e a t t i t u d e o f t h e s t u d e n t b o d y on t h e o t h e r , c a n n o t be t o o s t r o n g l y e m p h a s i s e d , h f h i l e t h e s c h o o l o f f i c e r s a n d m o n i t o r s a r e r e c e i v i n g t r a i n i n g i n o r g a n i z a t i o n a n d l e a d e r -s h i p , t h e s t u d e n t body i s e x p e r i e n c i n g a r e a l i z a t i o n o f i t s r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o t h o s e whom i t has p u t i n o f f i c e , a n d to a l l 97. t h e s c h o o l as a whole. The G r a d e A s s e m b l y . . Gr a d e a s s e m b l i e s a r e s o m e t i m e s c l a s s i f i e d e i t h e r a s \" a d m i n i s t r a t i v e \" o r a s \" e d u c a t i o n a l \" . I h e p u r e l y a d m i n i s t r a -t i v e a s s e m b l y I s s p a r i n g l y u s e d by s c h o o l a u t h o r i t i e s . I n t h e P o i n t G r e y J u n i o r H i g h S c h o o l t h e r e a r e u s u a l l y o n l y s i x o f t h e s e e a c h y e a r , two f o r e a c h g r a d e , AS a r u l e t h e y a r e h e l d d u r i n g t h e f i r s t month o f s c h o o l i n t h e f a l l to a c q u a i n t new-comers w i t h s c h o o l r e g u l a t i o n s , a n d l a t e I n t h e s p r i n g t o c o n s i d e r \" C h o i c e o f C o u r s e \" f o r t h e f o l l o w i n g s c h o o l y e a r . These m e e t i n g s a r e p r e s i d e d o v e r by t h e p r e s i d e n t o f t h e g r a d e but a r e e n t i r e l y d e v o t e d t o a d i s c u s s i o n by t h e p r i n c i p a l o r v i c e - p r i n c i p a l c o n c e r n i n g s c h o o l r o u t i n e or* t h e a d v a n t a g e s and p r e - r e q u i s i t e s o f c e r t a i n c o u r s e s . B e s i d e s t h e s e a d m i n i s t r a t i v e a s s e m b l i e s t h e s t u d e n t c o u n c i l p l a n s an \" e d u c a t i o n a l \" a s s e m b l y f o r e a c h g r a d e e v e r y s e c o n d month. T h i s arrangement p r o v i d e s f o r an a s s e m b l y o f some s o r t b e i n g h e l d e v e r y s e c o n d week. The programmes f o r the e d u c a t i o n a l a s s e m b l i e s aire a r r a n g e d a l m o s t e n t i r e l y by t h e r e s p e c t i v e g r a d e c o u n c i l s i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h t h e i r a d v i s o r s . The g r a d e o f f i c e r s p r e s i d e a t t h e m e e t i n g s and the g r a d e a d v i s o r i s a l w a y s on the. p l a t f o r m . E d u c a t i o n a l g r a d e a s s e m b l i e s may be s t r i k i n g l y d i v e r s e i n n a t u r e . On some o c c a s i o n s t h e programme i s o f a u n i f i e d c h a r a c t e r such, a s t h e c h o r a l s e r v i c e h e l d b e f o r e C h r i s t m a s w h i c h p e r m i t s a l l t o t a k e p a r t and e m p h a s i z e s t h e s p i r i t o f t h e s e a s o n . S u c h a c t i v e p a r t i c i p a t i o n p r o v i d e s an e m o t i o n a l 9a* o u t l e t f o r t h e m a t u r i n g c h i l d . A t o t h e r t i m e s a v a r i e d programme may. be p r e s e n t e d . A d m i n i s t r a t i v e m a t t e r s may be d i s c u s s e d b u t s t r e s s i s l a i d on such, e n t e r t a i n m e n t a s m o v i n g p i c t u r e s - , t a l k s by v i s i t i n g s p e a k e r s , o r p e r f o r m a n c e s o f ' m u s i c i a n s . A l o n g w i t h s u c h e d u c a t i o n a l i t e m s t h e r e a r e u s u a l l y one o r two c o n c e r t i t e m s p r e s e n t e d by s t u d e n t s o f t h e g r a d e , s o m e t i m e s by i n d i v i d u a l s b u t more f r e q u e n t l y by g r o u p s . M e e t i n g s s u c h as. t h e s e p r o v i d e o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r i n d i v i d u a l e x p r e s s i o n and s a t i s f y t h e dominant d e s i r e f o r a p p r o b a t i o n . These g a t h e r i n g s a l s o p r o v i d e an o u t l e t f o r t h e e x p r e s s i o n o f t h e g r o u p s p i r i t w h i c h p r e v a i l s i n ever;'* c l a s s . T h i s d e s i r e f o r r e c o g n i t i o n as a g r o u p , i f l e f t u n s a t i s f i e d , f r e q u e n t l y t a k e s t h e f o r m o f r o w d y i s m . I f t h i s e n e r g y i s d i r e c t e d toward t h e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f a c l a s s p r o j e c t s u c h a s a s k i t o r m u s i c a l i t e m f o r an a s s e m b l y , t h e d e s i r e f o r r e c o g -n i t i o n as a g r o u p i s s a t i s f i e d and t h e a t t i t u d e a n d g e n e r a l c o n d u c t o f t h e c l a s s a r e r a i s e d t o a h i g h e r l e v e l . Through-s u c h g a t h e r i n g s , b e t t e r s t a n d a r d s o f e n t e r t a i n m e n t , a u d i e n c e b e h a v i o u r , and g e n e r a l c o u r t e s y a r e r e a d i l y d e v e l o p e d . E v e r y a s s e m b l y programme o f f e r s o p p o r t u n i t y f o r t h e p r e s e n t a t i o n o f an i t e m w h i c h w i l l c e n t r e t h e t h o u g h t o f t h e en t i r e g r o u p on t h e f a c t ' t h a t t h e y a r e one g r a d e , p a r t o f one s c h o o l and members o f one community. The r e s u l t i n g s o c i a l a t t i t u d e , b u i l t on t h e r e c o g n i t i o n o f t h e i r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y t o one a n o t h e r , to the s c h o o l , and t o t h e community, i s one o f t h e m a j o r aims o f e d u c a t i o n i n t h e j u n i o r ' h i g h s c h o o l . 99-S o c i a l L i f e o f t h e S c h o o l . A l t h o u g h most o f t h e a c t i v i t y i n a n y s c h o o l h a s s o c i a l s i g n i f i c a n c e , u n d e r t h e d e s i g n a t i o n \" s o c i a l l i f e \" w i l l he c o n s i d e r e d o n l y t h o s e a c t i v i t i e s w h i c h t a k e p l a c e o u t s i d e o f r e g u l a r s c h o o l t i m e . These i n c l u d e c l u b a c t i v i t i e s , i n t e r -c l a s s a n d i n t e r - s c h o o l s p o r t s , n o o n - h o u r c o n c e r t s f o r r a i n y d a y s , s p e c i a l c o u n c i l p a r t i e s a n d t h e l i k e . The s t u d e n t c o u n c i l c a r r i e s o u t a f a i r l y d e f i n i t e programme o f s u c h a c t i v i t i e s t h r o u g h o u t t h e w i n t e r months'. Some o f t h e s e s o c i a l e n t e r p r i s e s w i l l be d i s c u s s e d i n d e t a i l . Noon-hour G o n e e r t s . U n l i k e t h e g r a d e a s s e m b l i e s , ( a t t e n d e d b y a p a r t i c u l a r g r a d e d u r i n g s c h o o l t i m e ) , t h e s e c o n c e r t s a r e a t t e n d e d v o l u n -t a r i l y hy s t u d e n t s o f a l l g r a d e s . Sometimes t h e c o u n c i l makes a s m a l l a d m i s s i o n c h a r g e b u t u s u a l l y t h e s e p e r f o r m a n c e s a r e f r e e . A l t h o u g h members o f t h e s t a f f a r e t o be f o u n d i n t h e a u d i e n c e a n d \" b a c k s t a g e \" , t e a c h e r s r a r e l y a p p e a r on t h e p l a t f o r m , t h e m e e t i n g b e i n g h a n d l e d e n t i r e l y by t h e s c h o o l e x e c u t i v e c o u n c i l . The programme o f t h e s e c o n c e r t s i s s i m i l a r i n f o r m t o t h a t o f t h e e d u c a t i o n a l g r a d e a s s e m b l i e s . Some i t e m s a r e p r e s e n t e d by i n d i v i d u a l s , b u t t h e a i m o f t h e s t u d e n t c o m m i t t e e , g u i d e d b y a s p o n s o r , i s t o s t r e s s c l a s s - p a r t i c i p a t i o n i t e m s . A h i g h q u a l i t y o f p e r f o r m a n c e i s m a i n t a i n e d due t o t h e v i g i l a n c e o f t h e s t u d e n t \" s e l e c t i o n c o m m i t t e e \" . T h e r e a r e two m a i n r e a s o n s f o r h o l d i n g t h e s e noon-h o u r c o n c e r t s . The a l m o s t c o n t i n u o u s w i n t e r r a i n s s e r i o u s l y i n t e r f e r e w i t h o u t d o o r a c t i v i t y a n d t h e s t u d e n t s a r e d e f i n i t e l y 10\u00C2\u00A9. a d v i s e d n o t t o s t u d y d u r i n g t h e noon I n t e r m i s s i o n . To a v o i d t h e i n e v i t a b l e boredom o f a r a i n y n o o n - h o u r , t h e c o u n c i l w i t h t h e p e r m i s s i o n o f t h e P r i n c i p a l i n a u g u r a t e d t h e n o o n - h o u r c o n c e r t . The s p o n s o r s f e e l a l s o t h a t t h e c o n c e r t s p r o v i d e , i n a l e s s f o r m a l way, the same t r a i n i n g and g e n e r a l b e n e f i t s d e r i v e d f r o m t h e g r a d e a s s e m b l i e s . C o u n c i l P a r t i e s . Once i n e a c h s c h o o l t e r m , i n r e c o g n i t i o n o f t h e s t u d e n t s \" w i l l i n g n e s s t o c o o p e r a t e and t h e i r e f f o r t s on b e h a l f o f t h e s c h o o l , t h e s t a f f e n t e r t a i n s a l l t h e c o u n c i l o f f i c e r s and m o n i t o r s . The g a t h e r i n g s a r e u s u a l l y h e l d i n t h e gymnasium. On t h e s e o o o a i o n s t h e programme c o n s i s t s o f games, m u s i c a l i t e m s , s t u n t s and \" e a t s \" , These m e e t i n g s p r o v i d e s p l e n d i d o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r s o c i a l c o n t a c t between members of t h e s t a f f and l e a d e r s o f t h e s t u d e n t body. S c h o o l C l u b s . The e x t e n t o f t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f c l u b s w i t h i n a s c h o o l depends l a r g e l y upon t h e s p e c i f i c i n t e r e s t s o f t h e s t u d e n t s , and upon t h e number and c a p a b i l i t i e s o f a v a i l a b l e t e a c h e r -s p o n s o r s . The a i m s o f c l u b a c t i v i t i e s h a v e been f r e q u e n t l y o u t l i n e d a s , ( l ) r e a l i s a t i o n o f t h e v a l u e o f a w o r t h y u s e o f l e i s u r e , (2) t r a i n i n g i n o r g a n i z a t i o n and l e a d e r s h i p , (3) d e v e l o p i n g s e l f - c o n t r o l and i n d u s t r y , and (4-) e s t a b l i s h i n g b e t t e r h a b i t s o f c i t i z e n s h i p t h r o u g h e x p e r i e n c e I n t h e s m a l l e r s o c i a l g r o u p . The s t u d e n t c o u n c i l i n P o i n t G r e y has t a k e n an 10 J,,. a c t i v e p a r t i n t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t and e x t e n s i o n o f c l u b s by-p r o v i d i n g f u n d s f o r the p u r c h a s e o f permanent e q u i p m e n t . The c o u n c i l ' s r e a l i s a t i o n o f t h e v a l u e o f c l u b s , m a n i f e s t i n d i r e c t f i n a n c i a l a s s i s t a n c e has a i d e d i n d e v e l o p i n g i n t h e s c h o o l an e n v i r o n m e n t i n w h i c h s t u d e n t s may engage i n t h e i r c h o s e n h o b b l e s. The S c h o o l a n d The Gosmiunity. The P a r e n t T e a c h e r A s s o c i a t i o n . The a i m o f t h e P a r e n t T e a c h e r A s s o c i a t i o n I s t o p r o v i d e a c o n t a c t b e t w e e n t h e \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 s c h o o l and t h e community. A l t h o u g h t h e i r a c t i v e m e m b e r s h i p i s n o t l a r g e , t h e A s s o c i a t i o n p r o v i d e s a means o f s t u d y i n g t h e ' p r o b l e m s o f t h e s c h o o l i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e home. I n t h e P o i n t G r e y J u n i o r H i g h S c h o o l t h e s t u d e n t c o u n c i l c o n d u c t s a membership d r i v e f o r t h e P.T.A. e a c h y e a r . T h i s d r i v e u s u a l l y t a k e s t h e f o r m o f a c o n t e s t b e t ween c l a s s e s and i n 1935 t h e - t o t a l e n r o l m e n t o b t a i n e d was above e i g h t h u n d r e d . U n f o r t u n a t e l y o n l y a s m a l l number, o f t h e s e a t t e n d t h e m e e t i n g s . V i s i t o r s ' Day. I n o r d e r t o make more g e n e r a l c o n t a c t w i t h t h e p u b l i c , an a n n u a l v i s i t o r s 1 day i s h e l d . On t h i s o c c a s i o n i n 1934, 736 v i s i t o r s s i g n e d t h e r e g i s t e r . A t s u c h t i m e s t h e w h o l e s t u d e n t c o u n c i l and a l l t h e m o n i t o r s and d e p a r t m e n t o f f i c e r s a r e r e q u i r e d as g u i d e s , two s t u d e n t s b e i n g a s s i g n e d t o c o n d u c t e a c h g r o u p o f t e n t o f i f t e e n v l s i t o r s t h r o u g h t h e s c h o o l . The s t u d e n t s e n j o y t h i s p r i v i l e g e a n d r e s p o n s i b i l i t y and i t a l s o 102 . a f f o r d s e x c e l l e n t t r a i n i n g s i n c e t h e . s t u d e n t g u i d e s must be w e l l a c q u a i n t e d w i t h a l l d e p a r t m e n t s o f t h e s c h o o l i n o r d e r t o answer t h e many q u e s t i o n s ask ed - b y t h e v i s i t o r s . F o l l o w i n g t h e t o u r o f t h e b u i l d i n g , t h e v i s i t o r s a s s e m b l e i n t h e a u d i t o r i u m where t h e p r i n c i p a l r e v i e w s t h e w o r k an.d a i m s o f t h e s c h o o l . F a t h e r - a n d - S o n N i g h t . F a t h e r - a n d - s o n n i g h t h a s t h r o u g h i t s p o p u l a r i t y become an a n n u a l e v e n t a t P o i n t G r e y . The programme u s u a l l y c o n s i s t s o f f o u r p a r t s . F i r s t , a v i s i t i n g p e r i o d d u r i n g w h i c h t h e s o n s c o n d u c t t h e i r f a t h e r s a r o u n d t h e b u i l d i n g : t o meet t h e i r v a r i o u s m a l e t e a c h e r s , (women do n o t a t t e n d ) . S e c o n d , a s p o r t s p e r i o d i n t h e gymnasium i n w h i c h t h e f a t h e r s a r e t h e p a r t i c i p a n t s . T h i r d , a s c h o o l - a c t i v i t y p e r i o d i n w h i c h t h e w h o l e g r o u p a d j o u r n s t o t h e a u d i t o r i u m w h e r e t h e b o y s p r e s e n t a programme o f c l u b a c t i v i t i e s , c o n s i s t i n g u s u a l l y o f m u s i c a l numbers p r e s e n t e d b y t h e s c h o o l o r c h e s t r a , h a r m o n i c a bond, and b o y s T g l e e c l u b , i n t e r s p e r s e d w i t h p r e s e n t a t i o n s f r o m t h e d r a m a t i c o r s k i t c l u b , an a i r p l a n e d e m o n s t r a t i o n and t h e l i k e . The e v e n i n g i s c l o s e d w i t h s a p p e r s e r v e d i n t h e s c h o o l c a f e -t e r i a . I n t h e gymnasium and i n t h e a u d i t o r i u m a c o u n c i l o f f i c e r a c t s as m a s t e r o f c e r e m o n i e s . l i e i s a s s i s t e d by o t h e r o f f i c e r s when n e c e s s a r y . A t the. l a s t g a t h e r i n g o f t h i s k i n d 478 f a t h e r s end s o n s were s e r v e d i n t h e c a f e t e r i a . The m o t h e r s h a v e s i m i l a r o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r v i s i t i n g t h e s c h o o l when t h e g i r l s i n t h e Home E c o n o m i c s c l a s s e s s e r v e a f t e r n o o n t e a . The s t u d e n t c o u n c i l , however, has no o f f i c i a l 103. c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e s e a f t e r n o o n f u n c t i o n s , The a c t i v i t y o f t h e s t u d e n t c o u n c i l a n d o f t h e s t u d e n t body as a w h o l e i n t h e s e e f f o r t s t o i n f o r m t h e p u b l i c r e g a r d i n g t h e many p h a s e s o f s c h o o l l i f e e m p h a s i z e s , t o many o f t h e more m a t u r e c h i l d r e n , t h e r e l a t i o n s h i p o f e d u c a t i o n t o l i f e . The s c h o o l as such, becomes-a p l a c e , n o t s o much, f o r t h e p r e p a r a t i o n f o r l i f e , as a p a r t o f l i f e , a p l a c e i n w h i c h t o l i v e more f u l l y . T h i s r e a l i z a t i o n by many m a t u r i n g c h i l d r e n g i v e s them a new u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f t h e m e a n i n g of e d u c a t i o n . Community E n t e r p r i s e s . B e s i d e s t h e f o r e g o i n g a c t i v i t i e s w h i c h a p p e a r t o s t r e s s t h e e n t e r t a i n m e n t s i d e o f s c h o o l l i f e , t h e c o u n c i l a l s o engages i n c e r t a i n u n d e r t a k i n g s w h i c h a r e a l o n g t h e l i n e o f s o c i a l s e r v i c e . Two e x a m p l e s o f t h i s a s p e c t o f s t u d e n t a c t i v i t y w i l l s u f f i c e t o i n d i c a t e i t s c h a r a c t e r . E a c h f a l l t h e c o u n c i l s p o n s o r s a \" T h a n k s g i v i n g O f f e r i n g \" . The m a t e r i a l , - v e g e t a b l e s , f r u i t s , p r e s e r v e s a n d t h e l i k e , i s b r o u g h t t o s c h o o l by t h e s t u d e n t s on a s p e c i f i e d day and i s p l a c e d on t h e a u d i t o r i u m s t a g e , D u r i n g t h e a f t e r n o o n , an a s s e m b l y i s h e l d a t w h i c h t h e g i f t i s f o r m a l l y a c c e p t e d by a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e f r o m an o r p h a n a g e . The u l t i m a t e r e s u l t s o f an e n t e r p r i s e s u c h a s t h i s c a n n o t be e s t i m a t e d b u t o b s e r v a t i o n o f s t u d e n t b e h a v i o u r on s u c h o c c a s i o n s e m p h a s i z e s t h e strong-a p p e a l , i n t h e l i f e o f the c h i l d , o f o p p o r t u n i t y f o r b e t t e r i n g s o c i a l c o n d i t i o n s . A n o t h e r i n s t a n c e o f s u c h a s e r v i c e i s i l l u s t r a t e d I n t h e f o l l o w i n g n o t i c e w h i c h a p p e a r e d I n t h e \" B u l l e t i n \" ; 10*3. \"The s t u d e n t c o u n c i l w i s h e s t o t h a n k t h e s t u d e n t s f o r t h e i r g e n e r o u s r e s p o n s e t o t h e r e q u e s t f o r m a g a z i n e s f o r t h e unemployed. A l m o s t s i x t h o u s a n d u s a b l e m a g a z i n e s \"were c o l l e c t e d . G l a s s SB l e d t h e s c h o o l by c o l l e c t i n g o v e r f i v e h u n d r e d . We c a n a l l have t h e s a t i s -f a c t i o n o f k n o w i n g t h a t we have done a l i t t l e t o make l i f e more p l e a s a n t f o r t h o s e who a r e i n t h e camps d u r i n g t h e s e t r y i n g t i m e s . \" 4 5 U n d e r t a k i n g s s u c h as t h e s e do much t o d e v e l o p s o c i a l c o n s c i o u s n e s s and to p r o v i d e m e d i a f o r a l t r u i s t i c e x p e r i e n c e s i n t h e l i f e o f t h e m a t u r i n g c h i l d . I n d i r e c t P a r t i o i p a t i o n \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 The a c t i v i t i e s w h i c h h a v e b e e n o u t l i n e d a r e , i n g e n e r a l , t h o s e i n w h i c h t h e s t u d e n t s t a k e a n a c t i v e p a r t . A n o t h e r p h a s e o f c o u n c i l e n d e a v o u r i n v o l v e s b o t h d i r e c t a n d i n d i r e c t -student p a r t i c i p a t i o n . I n t h e payment o f c o u n c i l f e e s t h e i n d i v i d u a l s t u d e n t i s d i r e c t l y c o n c e r n e d , w h i l e t h e j u d i c i o u s h a n d l i n g o f s t u d e n t f u n d s b y t h e c o u n c i l a f f e c t s t h e 46 s t u d e n t i n d i r e c t l y . B e s i d e s a s s i s t i n g e x t r a - c u r r i e u l a r a c t i v i t i e s , t h e s t u d e n t c o u n c i l f u n d s u p p l i e s a d d i t i o n a l f a c i l i t i e s f o r p u r s u i n g t h e c u r r i e u l a r s t u d i e s . T h r o u g h t h e e x p e r i e n c e g a i n e d f r o m c o l l e c t i n g and s p e n d i n g money, t h e s e u n d e r t a k i n g s a i d q u i t e d e f i n i t e l y i n t h e p r a c t i c a l s o c i a l 4 5 . The \" S c h o o l B u l l e t i n \" , May 9, 1932. 4 6 . The s c h o o l m a i n t a i n s two f u n d s , a s c h o o l f u n d and a counc f u n d . The s c h o o l f u n d i s made up o f g r a n t s f r o m s o u r c e s s u c h as t h e s c h o o l b o a r d and P I T . A . and i s s p e n t a t the d i s c r e t i o n o f t h e P r i n c i p a l f o r s c h o o l and o f f i c e equipmei The c o u n c i l f u n d i s made up o f s t u d e n t \" f e e s . 105. development o f t h e m a t u r i n g c h i l d . The C o u n c i l Pee and I t s Uses.. The amount o f the c o u n c i l f e e and i t s u s e s are o u t l i n e d I n the c o u n c i l b u l l e t i n f o r O c t o b e r 1955. Members o f t h e s t u d e n t c o u n c i l a r e r e q u i r e d t o pay a f e e o f 35 c e n t s a y e a r i n o r d e r t o d e f r a y s t u d e n t e x p e n s e s . S i n c e e v e r y o n e b e n e f i t s f r o m c o u n c i l work, i t i s o n l y f a i r t h a t a l l s h o u l d s h a r e i n t h e c o s t s . Where e l s e c o u l d anyone o b t a i n so much f o r 3 l / 2 c e n t s p e r month? Cheek t h e f o l l o w i n g . i t ems w i t h y o u r e x p e r i e n c e and you w i l l f i n d t h a t t h e s e b e n e f i t s have been y o u r s , 1. The u s e o f many l i b r a r y books, s e t s o f r e f e r e n c e books f o r S o c i a l S t u d i e s , S c i e n c e , E n g l i s h , and P r a c t i c a l A r t s , s u p p l i e d by t h e c o u n c i l , ( E a c h book c o n t a i n s a s p e c i a l n o t i c e s i m i l a r to t h e one i l l u s t r a t e d i n f i g u r e 2 1 ) . 2. The u s e o f gymnasium equipment, which, i s i n p a r t p u r c h a s e d by t h e c o u n c i l , 3. The p r i v i l e g e o f competing f o r (and w i n n i n g ) t r o p h i e s , m e dals and r i b b o n s , i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h a t h l e t i c s , and a l l s c h o l a s t i c awards, p r i s e s and badges. These a r e a l l p r o v i d e d by t h e c o u n c i l . 4. The p l e a s u r e o f a t t e n d i n g a s s e m b l i e s w h i c h some time s' r e q u i r e t h e e x p e n d i t u r e o f f u n d s f o r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n i5f goods and f o r t h e use o f f i l m s . 5. The p r i v i l e g e o f o b t a i n i n g C h r i s t m a s c a r d s , s c h o o l p i n s , r i n g s , s w e a t e r s , and t h e l i k e a t s p e c i a l l y r e d u c e d p r i c e s . 6. ' The p l e a s u r e o f e n t e r t a i n i n g g u e s t s , s u c h as s t u d e n t s v i s i t i n g f r o m o t h e r s c h o o l s , s p e a k e r s and m u s i c i a n s . 7. The s a t i s f a c t i o n o f making d o n a t i o n s to c h a r i t y , s u c h a s . t o t h e . C h r i s t m a s Cheer Fund.' 8. The enjoyment o f p i c t u r e s and p h o t o g r a p h s i n - t h e h a l l s . , These a r e b e i n g added to a n n u a l l y . 9. The use of permanent c l u b equipment s u c h as b o x i n g g l o v e s , l e a t h e r - w o r k t o o l s , and p h o t o g r a p h i c s u p p l i e s . 106, 10. The p r i v i l e g e o f e n j o y i n g a s c h o o l newspaper and a n n u a l w i t h o u t e x t r a c o s t . 1 1 . The d e c i d e d p r i v i l e g e o f h a v i n g a s t u d e n t s u p p l y room i n t h e b u i l d i n g where p a p e r and O t h e r s u p p l i e s may be o b t a i n e d a t w h o l e s a l e c o s t . S u r e l y t h e s e b e n e f i t s a r e w o r t h 55 c e n t s . Pay Y o u r Way. TEfjte Poofe toas putcfjageto tljroutjfj tije efforts of tEtjei\u00C2\u00A7>tubent\u00C2\u00A3S' Council anb tg tfjc property of ijSoint <^ rep Junior ^igf) >^ci)ool It is provided for your use. Cafe for it as if it were your own. A c o u n c i l book n o t i c e P i g . 2 1 107 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 S c h o o l P u b l i c a t i o n s . D u r i n g t h e s e c o n d y e a r t h a t the s c h o o l was i n o p e r a t i c t h e c o u n c i l and a d v i s o r s o r g a n i s e d t h e \" P u b l i c a t i o n B o a r d \" . The s t u d e n t s w e r e p e r m i t t e d t o a p p l y f o r p o s i t i o n s on t h i s b o a r d , and t h e t e a c h e r - s p o n s o r o f t h e p r o j e c t c h o s e s e v e n s t u d e n t s f r o m t h e a p p l i c a n t s , t h r e e f r o m g r a d e n i n e a n d two e a c h f r o m g r a d e s s e v e n and e i g h t . These s e v e n e l e c t e d one o f t h e i r number as c h i e f e d i t o r , a n o t h e r as a s s i s t a n t e d i t o r , and t h e r e m a i n i n g f i v e a c t e d as r e p o r t e r s . The r e p o r t e r s a l l o t t e d t h e c l a s s e s o f t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e g r a d e s and e a c h was p e r m i t t e d t o c h o o s e a \" s c o u t \" f r o m e a c h c l a s s i n h i s s e c t i o n . The s c o u t s d i d n o t become members o f t h e b o a r d . The p e r s o n n e l o f t h e p u b l i c a t i o n s b o a r d c h a n g e s somewhat a t t h e b e g i n n i n g o f e a c h s c h o o l t e r m b a t t h e a c t u a l o r g a n i z a t i o n r e m a i n s l a r g e l y t h e same t o d a y . . ' S e v e r a l c o m p e t i t i o n s were o r g a n i z e d i n c o n n e c t i o n w i t h t h e I n a u g u r a t i o n o f t h i s p u b l i c a t i o n s p r o j e c t . Of t h e s e , t h e c h o i c e o f t h e c o v e r d e s i g n a n d t h e name o f t h e m a g a z i n e were most k e e n l y c o n t e s t e d . The -winning c o v e r d e s i g n , s u b m i t t e d by a I l k r a n l a n boy, was c h o s e n b y a s t u d e n t - t e a c h e r a r t c o m m i t t e e . The name o f t h e m a g a z i n e was s e l e c t e d b y s c h o o l v o t e f r o m s u g g e s t i o n s s u b m i t t e d by s t u d e n t s . The c o n t r i b u t o r o f each, name was p e r m i t t e d t o e x p l a i n t o t h e s t u d e n t body why he c o n s i d e r e d h i s s u g g e s t i o n t o b e t h e most s u i t a b l e . The boy who s u g g e s t e d t h e w i n n i n g name, i n h i s a d d r e s s t o the s t u d e n t s , s t r e s s e d t h e f a c t t h a t t h e j u n i o r h i g h s c h o o l was o r g a n i z e d a r o u n d t h e i d e a o f e x p l o r a t i o n ; t h a t h e r e t h e s t u d e n t s a r e 108-g i v e n o p p o r t u n i t i e s t o d e t e r m i n e t h e i r a p t i t u d e s and t h e i r a b i l i t i e s . He t h e r e f o r e t h o u g h t t h a t t h e m a g a z i n e w h i c h w o u l d r e f l e c t t h e p u r p o s e s o f t h e s t u d e a t body s h o u l d ho laiovm as .'the \" E x p l o r e r \" . F o r t h e two s u b s e q u e n t y e a r s , t h e \" E x p l o r e r - \" was i s s u e d q u a r t e r l y . By t h e end of t h i s t i m e I t was n o t i c e d t h a t many c o p i e s were l e f t on t h e d e s k s u n r e a d and t h e p u b l i c a t i o n b o a r d d e c i d e d t h a t a change was n e c e s s a r y . The new p l a n was t o i s s u e a m o n t h l y p a m p h l e t c a l l e d \" H i g h l i g h t s \" , t h e \" E x p l o r e r \" ' t o become t h e s c h o o l a n n u a l . \" H i g h l i g h t s \" l i v e d f o r f o u r y e a r s i n v a r i o u s f o r m s and u n d e r s u c c e s s i v e p u b l i c a t i o n b o a r d s , e a c h o f w h i c h changed t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n a n d added new i d e a s . D u r i n g t h e p a s t y e a r t h i s m o n t h l y p a m p h l e t has g i v e n way t o a b i - w e e k l y n e w s p a p e r . A l t h o u g h t h i s p a p e r i s s t i l l i n c o m p a r a t i v e i n f a n c y , i t Has p r o d u c e d t h e g r e a t e s t a p p e a l t o t h e s t u d e n t b o d y . The e x p e r i e n c e o u t l i n e d above seems to s u p p o r t t h e o p i n i o n s o f McEJown \"who e v a l u a t e s f o u r t y p e s o f s c h o o l p u b l i -c a t i o n s i n t h e f o l l o w i n g o r d e r o f u s e f u l n e s s and a p p e a l , (1) t h e n e w s p a p e r , (\u00C2\u00A3) t h e handbook, ( 5 ) t h e y e a r book, ( 4 ) t h e s c h o o l m a g a z i n e . These p u b l i c a t i o n s , p a r t i c u l a r l y t h e s c h o o l p a p e r , s e r v e a v a r i e d and u s e f u l p u r p o s e i n s c h o o l c i v i c s . Those who a r e i n c l i n e d t o w a r d l i t e r a r y p u r s u i t s a r e g i v e n an o p p o r t u n i t y t o p l a c e t h e i r m a t e r i a l b e f o r e t h e s c h o o l p u b l i c . I n t h e 47. McHown, H. 0., \" C h a r a c t e r E d u c a t i o n \" , p. I P ? . newspaper, i n d i v i d u a l and g r o u p aocoj i p i i s l w i e n t s a r e g i v e n p u b l i c i t y . The s c h o o l p a p e r d e a l s w i t h , c u r r e n t e v e n t s c f v i t a l i n t e r e s t t o t h e s t u d e n t b o d y , a i d s i n p r o m o t i n g w o r t h w h i l e c a u s e s , e s t a b l i s h e s p u b l i c o p i n i o n , and, h e l p s t o d e v e l o p s c h o o l s p i r i t by i n t e r p r e t i n g s c h o o l a c t i v i t i e s t o b o t h s t u d e n t s and p a r e n t s . The members o f t h e p u b l i c a t i o n s b o a r d r e c e i v e a t r a i n i n g w h i c h c a n ' s c a r c e l y be e s t i m a t e d . A l l who p r e p a r e a r t i c l e s , w h e t h e r a c c e p t e d f o r p u b l i c a t i o n o r n o t , p r o f i t by t h e e x p e r i e n c e . The s t u d e n t b o d y l e a r n s t o r e a d a n e w s p a p e r i n t e l l i g e n t l y ; t h i s i n i t s e l f i s of paramount i m p o r t a n c e i n modern s o c i e t y . The G r o w t h o f S c h o o l T r a d i t i o n , The s t u d e n t c o u n c i l h a s s u p p l i e d t i e s c h o o l w i t h many f i n e r e p r o d u c t i o n s o f famous p i c t u r e s . I n a d d i t i o n t h e y , have g r a d u a l l y a c c u m u l a t e d a s e r i e s o f p h o t o g r a p h s o f many s t u d e n t g r o u p s s u c h a s c l u b s , a t h l e t i c teams, g r a d e and s c h o o l c o u n c i l s . These p i c t u r e s a r e g i v e n h i s t o r i c a l s i g n i f i c a n c e by b e i n g a r r a n g e d i n t h e m a i n h a l l s a c c o r d i n g t o y e a r s . By means o f t h e s e p h o t o g r a p h s t h e r e i s e v o l v i n g a body o f t r a d i t i o n s w h i c h r e f l e c t t h e l i f e , c u s t o m s and h a b i t s o f t h e s c h o o l , S u o l i t r a d i t i o n s i n f l u e n c e t h e t h o u g h t s a n d h a b i t s of t h e i n d i v i d u a l member o f t h e s t u d e n t body a n d a s s i s t h i m t o d e t e r m i n e h i s r e l a t i o n t o t h e s c h o o l a s a w h o l e . The s t u d e n t r e e l s t h a t he i s f a m i l i a r w i t h t h e p e o p l e p i c t u r e d , e v e n I f t h e y a t t e n d e d t h e s c h o o l b e f o r e h i s t i m e . Tie, h i m s e l f , i s now i n t e r e s t e d i n a c t i v i t i e s s i m i l a r t o t h o s e w h i c h e n g aged t h e i r a t t e n t i o n . They h a v e g o n e o u t i n t o t h e l a r g e r f i e l d o f e n d e a v o u r and many no. o f them l i a v e b e en p r e - e m i n e n t l y s u c c e s s f u l . I n s c h o l a s t i c a c h i e v e m e n t , some have been s t u d e n t l e a d e r s t h r o u g h h i g h s c h o o l and u n i v e r s i t y , o r have won s c h o l a r - s h i p s w h i c h have t a k e n them to d i s t a n t c o u n t r i e s . I n t h e c o m m e r c i a l s p h e r e some have usoome s u c c e s s f u l b u s i n e s s men\u00E2\u0080\u009E I n a t h l e t i c s , some o f them h a v e x ' e p r e s e n t e d Canada i n t h e E m p i r e games and i n t h e Cl3~mpiad, w h i l e o t h e r s ' h a v e become members c f C a n a d i a n teams w h i c h have made i n t e r n a t i o n a l t o u r s . E v e r y s t u d e n t h o p e s t h a t lie w i l l he a b l e t o do h i s p a r t t o b r i n g s i m i l a r g l o r y t o h i m s e l f and t o t h e s c h o o l . I n t h e s e ways t r a d i t i o n i s b e i n g p r o m o t e d through, s t u d e n t c o u n c i l a c t i v i t i e s . T h i s i n f l u e n c e not o n l y a s s i s t s t h e i n d i v i d u a l t o become a s o c i a l b e i n g , b u t i t i s r e f l e c t e d i n t h e l i f e o f t h e s c h o o l , and t h r o u g h the s c h o o l r e a c h e s o u t i n t o t h e community. I t w i l l r e a d i l y be s e e n t h a t t h e scope o f s t u d e n t c o u n c i l a c t i v i t i e s i n l o i n t G r e y I s w i d e a nd d i v e r s i f i e d . T hese u n d e r t a k i n g s p r o v i d e t h e n e c e s s a r y v a r i e t y o f I n t e r e s t t o s a t i s f y t h e d e s i r e f o r new e x p e r i e n c e w h i c h i s s o dominant i n t h e m a t u r i n g c h i l d . Through, t h e s e many e n t e r p r i s e s t h e c h i l d i s e n a b l e d t o a d j u s t h i m s e l f g r a d u a l l y and t h o r o u g h l y t o t h e s o c i a l e n v i r o n a e n t w h i c h i s a p a n t o f t h e a d u l t l i f e he i s a p p r o a c h i n g . I l l , OHAPi'JSR V I I I . A S t u d y o f a H e c e n t E l e c t i o n . C o u n c i l a d v i s o r s and s t u d e n t s a r e i n f l u e n c e d by.xaany f a c t o r s when c h o o s i n g s c h o o l o f f i c e r s . Some of t h e s e f a c t o r s , s u c h a s a c a n d i d a t e ' s r e p u t a t i o n o r age, a r e c o n s c i o u s l y c o n s i d e r e d by t h o s e m a i l i n g a c h o i c e . O t h e r i n f l u e n c e s , s u oh as t h e a p p e a r a n c e o r s e x o f t h e c a n d i d a t e o f t e n a f f e c t t h e d e c i s i o n w i t h o u t b e i n g s p e c i f i c a l l y c o n s i d e r e d . A s t u d y o f an a c t u a l e l e c t i o n r e v e a l s some i n t e r e s t i n g i n f o r m a t i o n r e g a r d i n g t h e e l e m e n t s g o v e r n i n g t h e c h o i c e o f s t u d e n t o f f i c e r s . I t m i l l he r e c a l l e d t h a t , a t P o i n t G-rey, temporary c l a s s o f f leers\"*\" -' a r e e l e c t e d d u r i n g t h e f i r s t week o f s c h o o l . These o f f i c e r s r e t i r e when t h e permanent c l a s s o f f i c e r s -f o r t h e f a l l t e r m a r e e l e c t e d . I n many e a s e s t h e t e m p o r a r y o f f i c e r s p r o v e t h e m s e l v e s so c a p a b l e t h a t t h e y a r e e l e c t e d a s permanent c l a s s o f f i c e r s . These permanent o f f i c e r s c o n s t i t u t e t h e p o t e n t i a l c a n d i d a t e s f o r o f f i c e , i n t h e g r a d e c o u n c i l s . The 50 a r e i n t e r v i e w e d by t h e g r a d e n o m i n a t i n g c o m m i t t e e s who d r a w up .a s l a t e o f c a n d i d a t e s f o r t h e o f f i c e s i n e a c h g r a d e c o u n c i l . P a r t i c i p a t i o n by G r a d e s , . The n o m i n a t i n g c o m m i t t e e k e e p s a r e c o r d o f t h e r e s u l t s o f t h e i n t e r v i e w s wi t h e a c h . p r o s p e c t i v e c a n d i d a t e , u s i n g t h e c u s t o m a r y g r a d i n g , A, B, 0+, 0, 0-, I), H; Y f o r y e s and H f o r no. F i g u r e 22 i l l u s t r a t e s a s e c t i o n o f t h e r e c o r d s h e e t f o r Grade 4 8 , i b i d 9 , p . ? o . 49, l b i a . ^ p . 7 0 . 50. I b i d . , 7 2. XX3 e Y 1 I I I n t e r v i e w s . . T h i s s h e e t c o n t a i n s d a t a o b t a i n e d f r o m incumbents of c l a s s o f f i c e s a t t h e t i m e , t h a t i s , t h o s e who a r e p o s s i b l e c a n d i d a t e s f o r h i g h e r o f f i c e . The p e r c e n t a g e s 02 CO cci H O S t u d e n t CD i\u00E2\u0080\u0094i o o v~l r v 1 o 73 CD n CD a ,cj 0.) \u00E2\u0080\u00A2ri r-i CD P i CD O r d c! \u00C2\u00AB and s c h o o l c o u n c i l s . PlKEV/ou% \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 NaT wi%fi/N& Ta occu-Py A a. RAD \u00C2\u00A3 O PP/c\u00C2\u00A3. iAfOipATks Ab.ct VAT-es. Of TST/>L% a/tres No. \u00C2\u00ABf 1-4. fife 12 **Z 3/% tc 3?Z <3f r \u00E2\u0080\u0094 \u00E2\u0080\u0094 XL , uz 1 / H-f0 t h e i n c r e a s e i n p a r t i c i p a t i o n by g r a d e s . 113 o A s i n d i c a t e d i n f i g u r e 23, p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n e x e c u t i v e a c t i v i t i e s becomes more w i d e l y s p r e a d w i t h a d v a n c e I n g r a d e . T i l l s I n c r e a s e i n p a r t i c i p a t i o n i s p a r t l y due t o i n c r e a s e o f o p p o r t u n i t y , A s t u d e n t e n t e r i n g Grade I X l i a s had t w i c e t h e o p p o r t u n i t y f o r e x e c u t i v e e x p e r i e n c e w i t h i n t h e s c h o o l a s h a s t h e s t u d e n t e n t e r i n g G r a d e V i l l , w h i l e Grade \u00C2\u00A511 s t u d e n t s must r e l y a l m o s t e n t i r e l y o n o u t s i d e e x p e r i e n c e s u c h a s S c o u t s , G u i d e s and t h e l i k e , A s e c o n d r e a s o n f o r i n c r e a s e d p a r t i c i -p a t i o n i s t h e c h a n g i n g s o c i a l a t t i t u d e a n d g r o w i n g d e s i r e f o r c o o p e r a t i o n w h i c h a c c o m p a n i e s p r o g r e s s t h r o u g h t h e g r a d e s ( f i g u r e 2 3 ) , . R o u g h l y , i n Grade \u00C2\u00A511 o n l y o n e - h a l f o f t h e s e c l a s s o f f i c e r s were w i l l i n g t o assume g r e a t e r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y ; i n Grade Y I I I f o u r - f i f t h s , were s o c i a l l y - r a i n d e d , w h i l e I n Grade H a l m o s t a l l o f t h i s g r o u p were d e s i r o u s o f c o o p e r a t i n g i n t h e b r o a d e r f i e l d o f e x p e r i e n c e and r e s p o n s i b i l i t y . I t i s p r o b a b l e t h a t seme of t h o s e who a r e w i l l i n g t o assume g r e a t e r r e s p o n s i b i l i t y a r e p r o m p t e d by s e l f - a s s e r t i v e -n e s s . I t i s p o s s i b l e t h a t t h e y w i s h t o c o o p e r a t e o n l y i n so f a r a s c o o p e r a t i o n s a t i s f i e s t h i s u r g e . Even t h o u g h t h i s b e t r u e , s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t has a c c o m p l i six ed p a r t o f i t s p u r p o s e , W h e t h e r s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t i t s e l f t e n d s t o d e v e l o p undue s e l x - a s s e r t i v e n e s s i s a m ooted q u e s t i o n w h i c h c a n n o t be a n s w e r e d w i t h t h e d a t a a t hand. A l t h o u g h , s u c h s t u d e n t s may n o t be t h e m o s t d e s i r a b l e , t h e y a r e f o u n d i n e v e r y s c h o o l - s o c i e t y . I t r e m a i n s f o r t h e c l a s s t e a c h e r s and g r a d e a d v i s o r s t o r e c o g n i z e them and to e n d e a v o u r t o c h a n g e t h e i r a t t i t u d e t h r o u g h b r o a d e r s o c i a l d e v e l o p m e n t . The Type of Posters and E l e c t i o n Cards Used i n a Grade E l e c t i o n . P l a t e I I . To face page 114 114\u00C2\u00BB Campaign P o l i c y . The use o f p o s t e r s as a n e l e c t i o n d e v i c e i s e n c o u r a g e d by t h e s c h o o l a u t h o r i t i e s , c h i e f l y b e c a u s e o f t h e e d u c a t i o n a l v a l u e t o be d e r i v e d . P h o t o g r a p h s o f sample p o s t e r s i n p l a t e I I ' i l l u s t r a t e t h e t y p e o f p o s t e r and t h e q u a l i t y o f workmanship t y p i c a l o f t h e t h r e e g r a d e s . A s u p e r f i c i a l s t u d y o f t h e v a r i o u s e l e c t i o n d e v i c e s u s e d by t h e s t u d e n t s i n d i c a t e s t h a t c a n d i d a t e s f o r Grade V I I o f f i c e s d epend t o a l a r g e e x t e n t on p o s t e r s , e l e c t i o n c a r d s ( p l a t e I I ) and o t h e r p r i n t e d m a t e r i a l . Sfhey depend on c a t c h i n g t h e eye o f t h e \" e l e c t o r a t e \" w i t h a s t r i k i n g p o s t e r , and t r y by t h e u s e o f s l o g a n s t o make t h e i r own names p r e d o m i n a t e i n t h e p l a y g r o u n d c o n v e r s a t i o n . Emphasis on t h i s m e t h o d i s p r o b a b l y due t o t h e f a c t t h a t t h e s e s t u d e n t s h a v e b e e n .drawn f r o m many e l e m e n t a r y s c h o o l s and a r e n o t y e t w e l l a c q u a i n t e d w i t h i n t h e g r a d e . S t u d e n t s o f G r a d e V I I I , a l t h o u g h t h e y t o o u s e . p o s t e r s , depend l a r g e l y upon t h e i r a c q u a i n t a n c e s t o o b t a i n v o t e s . The G r a d e IZ s t u d e n t s , who n a v e h ad two y e a r s ' . e x p e r i e n c e w i t h s t u d e n t e l e c t i o n s u s e few,.but e f f e c t i v e p o s t e r s , and make l i b e r a l u s e o f t h e p r i v i l e g e o f a d d r e s s i n g c l a s s e s d u r i n g s p e c i f i e d \" s p e a k e r s ' p e r i o d s \" . These p e r i o d s a r e u s u a l l y a s s i g n e d d u r i n g r o l l c a l l , b e f o r e t h e r e g u l a r c l a s s e s b e g i n i n t h e m o r n i n g . I n a k e e n l y c o n t e s t e d e l e c t i o n , s u p p o r -t e r s o f Grade I Z c a n d i d a t e s w i l l s o m e t i m e s s t a g e r a l l i e s on t h e p l a y g r o u n d , p r o v i d i n g many \"famous\" a t t r a c t i o n s , accom-p a n i e d by c o n s i d e r a b l e \" s o a p - b o x o r a t o r y \" i n an e n d e a v o u r to w i n t h e v o t e s o f t h e \" p o p u l a c e \" . Gr.7 Presidency. 12yr. 5mo./l2yr.4mo. | Elected. Gr.7 Vice-pres. 12yr. 8mo. / I 2 y r . 6rno. Elected. Gr.7 Secretary. 12yr. 8mo./12yr.9mo. Elec t e d . Candidates for O f f i c e i n the Grade Seven Council. Plate I I I . To face page 115. Candidates f o r O f f i c e i n the Grade Eight Council. Plate IV. To face page 115. IIS. The d i m i n i s h i n g use o f p o s t e r s and p r i n t e d m a t t e r , t h e i n c r e a s e d dependence o n a s s o c i a t e s , a n d t h e i n c r e a s i n g u s e o f argument and v o c a l a d v e r t i s i n g , e x e m p l i f i e s t h e s o c i a l i z i n g e f f e c t o f s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t . The s t u d e n t s seem ' g r a d u a l l y to a c q u i r e g r e a t e r c o n f i d e n c e i n t h e m s e l v e s . They b e g i n t o r e a l i z e t h e i m p o r t a n c e o f t h e i r o p p o n e n t ' s p o i n t o f v i e w and t h e y use t h e i r d e v e l o p i n g s o c i a l a b i l i t i e s to i m p r e s s t h e i r o p i n i o n s on o t h e r s . F a c t o r s T e n d i n g t o I n f l u e n c e an E l e c t i o n . H e i g h t , C h r o n o l o g i c a l Age, a n d P h y s i c a l Development. The m a t e r i a l a t hand i s n o t s u f f i c i e n t t o p e r m i t o f g e n e r a l i s a t i o n s , b u t i n t h e accompanying p h o t o g r a p h s c e r t a i n f a c t o r s w h i c h a p p a r e n t l y w e r e i n f l u e n t i a l i n an e l e c t i o n may be o b s e r v e d . P l a t e s I I I , I V and V i l l u s t r a t e t h e t y p e o f s t u d e n t who becomes an o f f i c e r i n t h e s t u d e n t c o u n c i l o f P o i n t G r e y , I n Grade V I I , ( p l a t e I I I ) , t h e t a l l e r and o l d e r s t u d e n t was e l e c t e d i n e a c h c a s e . T h i s may h a v e been a c o i n c i d e n c e , b u t i t i s p r o b a b l e t h a t h e i g h t and a p p a r e n t c h r o n o l o g i c a l age have a b e a r i n g - on t h e d e c i s i o n o f a G r a d e V I I s t u d e n t when he i s c h o o s i n g a c o u n c i l o f f i c e r . The h e i g h t o f t h e c a n d i d a t e does n o t seem t o be so i m p o r t a n t I n Grade V I I I ( p l a t e I V ) . I n t h r e e o f t h e f i v e o a s e s , t h e s h o r t e r c a n d i d a t e was e l e c t e d . I n Grade V I I I , s t u d e n t s c h o s e t h e o l d e r c a n d i d a t e i n f o u r o f t h e f i v e c a s e s , ( t h e a g e s were n o t p u b l i s h e d ) . I n t h e i n s t a n c e where t h e Gr.9 Presidency 14yr.4mo. / 14yr. Elected. Gr.9 Vice-prea. 13yr.4mo. 15yr.3mo. 12yr.2mo Elected. Gr.9 Secretary. 14yr. 8mo./ 14yr. 7rno. Elected. Gr.9 Treasurer. 14yr.3mo. 14yr.4mo 14yr.lmo Elected. Gr.9 Press-cor. 15yr. lmo./l4yr.4mo. Elected. Candidates f o r Of f i c e i n the Grade Nine Council. P l a t e V. To face page 116. y o u n g e r c a n d i d a t e was e l i o s e n ( s e c r e t a r y ) , h e r p h y s i o l o g i c a l s u p e r i o r i t y I s d e c i d e d l y o b v i o u s , ( s h e l o o k s o l d e r ) . A p p a r e n t l y i n Grade T i l l mere s i s e o f t h e c a n d i d a t e has l i t t l e e f f e c t o n t h e v o t e r , b u t p h y s i o l o g i c a l d e v e l o p m e n t and g e n e r a l p o i s e s e e n to be i n f l u e n t i a l f a c t o r s . I n Grade I X ( p l a t e V ) , I n t h r e e o f t h e f i v e c a s e s t h e y o u n g e r o f t h e two c a n d i d a t e s was e l e c t e d . As In. Grade V I I I , h e i g h t o f c a n d i d a t e seems to - be r e l a t i v e l y u n i m p o r t a n t , b u t a s t u d y o f t h e f a c e s and g e n e r a l b e a r i n g o f t h e c a n d i d a t e s l e a d s t o t h e v i e w t h a t t h e more m a t u r e s t u d e n t t e n d s t o be e l e c t e d . O t h e r f a c t o r s such, a s t h e v o i c e o r m a n n e r i s m s o f t h e c a n d i d a t e may have i n f l u e n c e d t h e \" e l e c t o r a t e \" s i n c e each, o f t h e s e s t u d e n t s a d d r e s s e d t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e g r a d e a s s e m b l i e s . A l t h o u g h t h e m a t e r i a l i s l i m i t e d , t h e s e o b s e r v a t i o n s may be w o r t h c o n s i d e r i n g . The I n f l u e n c e of- S e x i n a n E l e c t i o n , M i e n d r a w i n g up t h e s l a t e o f n o m i n a t i o n s , t h e committees a r e a l w a y s r e q u i r e d t o bear* i n mind two u n w r i t t e n r e g u l a t i o n s . F i r s t , t h e r e must be a p p r o x i m a t e l y t h e same number o f b o y s and g i r l s on t h e g r a d e and s c h o o l c o u n c i l s , and s e c o n d , a boy and a g i r l may n o t c o n t e s t t h e same o f f i c e e x c e p t u n d e r s p e c i a l c o n d i t i o n s . I n t h e e l e c t i o n u n d e r d i s c u s s i o n i t was a r r a n g e d w i t h t h e a d m i n i s t r a t i o n o f f i c e and t h e g r a d e a d v i s o r s , f o r e x p e r i m e n t a l p u r p o s e s , and c o n t r a r y t o g e n e r a l p o l i c y , t o have a boy and a g i r l o f a p p r o x i m a t e l y e q u a l a b i l i t y a n d p o p u l a r i t y , 617. S a m p l e s o f t h e s e a d d r e s s e s a r e t o be f o u n d i n t h e a p p e n d i x . 1 1 * . c o n t e s t one o f f i c e i n e a c h g r a d e . The c a n d i d a t e s and t h e stu d e n t - m e m b e r s o f t h e - c o m m i t t e e s w e r e u n a w a r e t h a t t h i s s e t -up was f o r t h e - p u r p o s e o f p r o v i d i n g c o m p a r a t i v e f i g u r e s t o d e t e r m i n e t h e i n f l u e n c e o f s e x o f c a n d i d a t e i n d e c i d i n g t h e e l e c t i o n r e s u l t s . To: e l i m i n a t e as f a r a s p o s s i b l e t h e i n f l u e n c e o f p o p u l a r i t y , t h e c a n d i d a t e s ' home rooms were n o t c o n s i d e r e d i n t h e f i n a l t a b u l a t i o n . The r e s u l t s f r o m m i x e d c l a s s e s were o m i t t e d a l s o s i n c e t h e s e x o f t h e v o t e r was n o t r e c o r d e d on t h e b a l l o t . O n l y t h o s e c l a s s e s w h i c h c o n s i s t e d e n t i r e l y o f b o y s o r g i r l s w e r e r e c o r d e d . The r e s u l t s a r e sum m a r i z e d i n f i g u r e 24. C/fRO/VO^ OG-/C/)U ft\u00E2\u0080\u009EeL\u00E2\u0080\u009EJL I x ' ,n . \u00E2\u0080\u009E i ^>1-. I t was hoped t h a t s t u d e n t p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n s c h o o l a f f a i r s w o u l d d e v e l o p a b e t t e r u n d e r s t a n d i n g b e t w e e n s t u d e n t s and t e a c h e r s ; t h a t t h e s t u d e n t s t h e m s e l v e s w o u l d b e g i n t o know each o t h e r b e t t e r . I n t h e o p i n i o n .of t h e m a j o r i t y o f t h e Grade 11 s t u d e n t s t h e s e aims have n o t b e e n accomplished t o any g r e a t e x t e n t . O n l y 4C pea? c e n t , of t h e s t u d e n t s t h o u g h t t h e r e was improvement in. s t o l e n t e a s h e r und e r s t s l i d i n g , 19 p e r c e n t , admit t ed b e t t e r f e l l o w - s t u G e-nt r e l a t i o n s h i p s , a n d o n l y 3 7 p e r c e n t , c o n s i d e r e d t h a t t h e y had. \"been, a i d e d I n s o c i a l a d j u s t m e n t . These s t u d e n t o p i n i o n s s e o n to i n d i c a t e t h a t t h e o r g a n i s a t i o n as i t e x i s t s i n P o i n t G-rey h a s w e a l m e s s e s w i t h r e s p e c t t o c e r t a i n s o o i a l e x p e r i e n c e s , a n d m o d i f i c a t i o n i s r e g u i r e e l i f s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t i n to a c c o m p l i s h , t o a g r e a t e r e x t e n t , i t s m a j o r p u r p o s e , n a m e l y , t h e s o c i a l i s a t i o n o f 'the m a t u r i n g c h i l d , oumaary a n d C o n c l u s i o n . I n t i l l s s u r v e y o f what Vce e x p o r i n e n t has a c c o m p l i s h e d , s t u d e n t o p i n i o n l i a s \"been s t r e s s e d . That t h i s s t u d e n t r e a c t i o n i s g e n u i n e i s e v i d e n c e d by. t h e f a c t that' t h e y have e x p r e s s e d t h e i r o p i n i o n s f r e e l y , g i v i n g , i n s o m e \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 i n s t a n c e s , a d v e r s e c r i t i c i s m as w e l l as s u g g e s t i o n s f o r i m p r o v e m e n t , S t u d e n t government as o r g a n i s e d In. t h e P o i n t G rey J u n i o r High. S c h o o l a p p e a r s t o a c c o m p l i s h , i n v a r y i n g d e g r e e s , most o f t h e o b j e c t i v e s o u t l i n e d i n C h a p t e r I V . i'he- f o l l o w i n g a r e some o b s e r v a t i o n s r e g a r d i n g t h e r e s u l t s o f the' e x p e r i m e n t : ( I ) The e x p e r i m e n t i n s t u d e n t government a t P o i n t G-rey has been j u s t i f i e d I n t h e o p i n i o n , o f s p o n s o r s , s t u d e n t s , and s c h o o l o f f i c i a l s . i ^ j _h_ o\" _uu j m i i w , ! j - o i ' i ' L W V / _ ^ 1 e t j . ^ \ o ' j e t o f - i> f\"u \";- J^\" n J v G . G u u c , i ^ m l l U o lb -' i t i . ; t i o i uf \" i Cm t ^ T c m n \" 1 ' 1' -\">-:-. m h .1,, a n d 129. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 ( 5 ) S c h o o l o f f i c i a l s have r e c o g n i s e d t h e e f f i o i e n e y o f t h e s t u d e n t o r g an i n a t i o n i n P o i n t Qvej and'.have s u g g e s t e d t h a t u. s u r v e y ho made i n a i e n d e a v o u r t o i m p r o v e o t h e r s i m i l a r o r g a n i s a t i o n s . (4) S o c i a l d e v e l o p m e n t i s made e v i d e n t i n t h e r e a l i -s a t i o n o f t h e v a l u e o f s t u d e n t o p i n i o n { s c h o o l . p u b l i c o p i n i o n ) \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 when m a j o r s c h o o l p r o j e c t s a r e b e i n g u n d e r t a k e n . ( 5 ) I'here i s a n o t i c e a b l e i n c r e a s e o f i n d i v i d u a l i n t e r e s t i n - s o c i a l c o n d i t i o n s i n so f a r as t h e y a f f e c t t h e s c h o o l . T h i s I s e x e m p l i f i e d i n t h e many c o n c r e t e s u g g e s t i o n s f o r i m p r o v i n g v a r i o u s b r a n c h e s o f t h e s t u d e n t '\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 o r g a n i z a t i o n . (G.) I n e s t u d e n t s have d e v e l o p e d g r e a t e r p o i s e , s e l f -a s s u r a n c e , a n d e a s e o f s e l f - euepu e s s i o n . T h i s d e v e l o p m e n t i s o b s e r v a b l e when s t u d e n t s a r e c o n d u c t i n g v i s i t o r s t h r o u g h t h e b u i l d i n g , a d d r e s s i n g c l a s s e s or a s s e m b l i e s , p l a n n i n g c l a s s o r o l u b p r o j e c t s , p r e s e n t i n g i n f o r m a t i o n to the c o u n c i l , a n d o t h e r s i m i l a r o c c a s i o n s , ( 7 ) There i s a g e n u i n e d e s i r e on t h e p a r t o f t h e s'i \" I t Y,r \u00C2\u00BB J O ^ U ui ' .oL c 12 ri 'h \ c ' - \" r i b- J> a l - o *'h t h e i ' c Z \" , T>. 1 \"XI 0 h i 1'-.- 5o, ] C l u u i US t h ' vXJ_e^, o l b eh s_ ^*__1 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 u u : \".1 i J i i ' i r o i ' X n t . 1 ] Lv_ - - I n 150. I n f l u e n c i n g M s f e l l o w - s t u d e n t s . ( 1 0 ) line s e x and p h y s i o l o g i c a l age o f t h e c a n d i d a t e a p p a r e n t l y a f f e o t e l e c t i o n r e s u I t s\u00C2\u00BB (1 1 ) U n d e r s t u d a i t g o v e r n m e n t t h e r e has d e v e l o p e d , on t h e p a r t o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l , a c l e a r e r u n d e r s t a n d i n g oi* t h e a i m s o f e d u c a t i o n . He r e a l i s e s t h e o p p o r t u n i t i e s o f f e r e d b y t h e s c h o o l , a n d l i s t e n d s to a v a i l h i m s e l f o f them. ( 1 \u00C2\u00A3 ) The v a r i e d a c t i v i t i e s made p o s s i b l e through, s t u d e n t p a r t i c i p a t i o n I n s c h o o l a f f a i r s h ave p r o v i d e d f i e l d s i n w h i c h t o g a i n r i c h and m a n y - s i d e d e x p e r i e n c e , t h e b a s i s o f c h a r a c t e r and p e r s o n a l i t y . ( 1 5 ) The s t u d e n t s c o n t i n u e to b e i n t e r e s t e d I n c o u n c i l w o r k a f t e r g r a d u a t i n g f r o m P o i n t G r e y , and t h e y f r e q u e n t l y r e t u r n to t h e s c h o o l t o d i s c u s s t h e i r new p r o b l e m s w i t h t h e i r f o r m e r c o u n s e l l o r s ; ( 1 4 ) The s t u d e n t , when e n t e r i n g s e n i o r h i g h s c h o o l , h a s a more t h o r o u g h u n d e r s t a n d i n g o f h i s s o c i a l e n v i r o n m e n t , and i s . b e t t e r a b l e t o a d j u s t h i m s e l f t o t h e . new s i t u a t i o n . S t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t a s o r g a n i s e d i n P o i n t G r e y i s n o t s t a t i c but i s d y n a m i c , a l i v i n g , g r o w i n g f o r c e . E a c h y e a r p r e s e n t s new c i r c u m s t a n c e s and new p r o b l e m s and, t h e r e f o r e , m o d i f i c a t i o n i s n e c e s s a r y t o meet t h e s e e v e r - c h a n g i n g n e e d s . D e s p i t e the d i s a d v a n t a g e s i n h e r e n t i n any f o r m o f o r g a n i s a t i o n , s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t h a s become a v i t a l f o r c e I n t h e l i f e o f t h e i n d i v i d u a l and o f t h e s c h o o l , F u r t h e r e x p e r i m e n t a t i o n w i l l no doubt e l i m i n a t e many o f t h e d i f f i c u l t i e s w h i c h s t i l l e x i s t . 1 P P M B I X . R e p o r t ox a Grade I X N o m i n a t i n g C o m m i t t e e , O c t o b e r 10, 1955, Mr. C h a i r m a n , M r . , members o f t h e s t a f f , v i s i t o r s , and f e l l o w - s t u d e n t s:-T h i s -year t h e G r a d e I X n o m i n a t i n g c o m m i t t e e c o n s i s t e d o f B i l l y , Mr.___ and m y s e l f , We f o u n d o u r a s s i g n m e n t q u i t e d i f f i c u l t b u t e x c e e d i n g l y i n t e r e s t i n g . We i n t e r v i e w e d some 54 p u p i l s and a s k e d them v a r i o u s q u e s t i o n s s u c h a s , nDo y o u r e a l l y w i s h to h o l d o f f i c e ? \" I n some c a s e s t h e boy o r g i r l s a i d \"No\", d e f i n i t e l y , i n o t h e r s t h e y were p r e v e n t e d f r o m r u n n i n g f o r o f f i c e by o u t s i d e a c t i v i t i e s a l t h o u g h t h e y w o u l d h a v e been . v a l u a b l e on t h e c o u n c i l . We w o u l d s u g g e s t t h a t , i n f u t u r e , c l a s s e s s h o u l d be c a r e f u l t o e l e c t t o o f f i c e o n l y ' t h o s e p u p i l s who w i l l b e b o t h w i l l i n g and a b l e t o t a k e o f f i c e on t h e c o u n c i l . fe f i n a l l y d r ew up a s l a t e o f c a n d i d a t e s a s f o l l o w s P r e s i den t E r n e s t G- . o f c l a s s 7. J o e e l y n C c f c l a s s %J , \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 V I c e ~ P r e s i d e n t : E l e a n o r S--- of. c l a s s \u00C2\u00BB s.ess j \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 \u00C2\u00BB,,.\u00C2\u00AB.\u00E2\u0080\u00A2,.\u00C2\u00BB\u00C2\u00AB ,\u00E2\u0080\u00A2.,,, .\u00C2\u00AB,, # . . . , D O 1 69 2 94 O HOD 3 40 17 12 78 18 57 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2JO o fe; 89 30 51 57 59 A r, s i 12 a l r l s 6 28 72 9 91 79 67 12 90 21 15 oo ae \u00E2\u0080\u00A2H { v i i ) l o t e l l 1st indents 265 1 2 . Do y o u t h i n k t h a t s t a l e n t g o v e n n e e n t , as a t p r e s e n t o r g a n i z e d g i v e s t h e a v e r a g e s t u d e n t an o p p o r t u n i t y t o e x p r e s s h i s 01 h e r o p i n i o n s en. s t u d e n t a c t i v i t i e s ? s 11 on 13 . Have y o u e v e r made a su, w_ t o , - ( a ) y o u r \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 c l a s s c o u n c i l ? . . . . . . . . . . ( b ) y o u r g r a d e c o u n c i l ? . . . = 14. Have y o u r e x p e r i e n c e s v l t k r e g a r d - t o s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t g i v e n y o u o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r l e a r n i n g t o e x p r e s s y o u r s e l f so t h e t o t h e r s can-u n d e r s t a n d what y o u mean?.. I D . Has s t u d o n t g o v e r m r i e n t g i v e n y o u i n c r e a s e d o p p o r t u n i t y to b e h e l p f u l t o o t h e r s o u t s i d e o f y o u r i m m e d i a t e c i r c l e , o f a o q u a i n t a i cos? 1 5 . l i a s s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t made i t p o s s i b l e f o r y o u t o be o f s e r v i c e t o t h e s c h o o l ? \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 17. I f y o u t h i n k tlx a t s u c h oppor-t u n i t i e s h a v e been made a v a i l a b l e t o y o u , h a v e y o u t r i e d t o - r e n d e r o u c h s e r v i c e as y o u a r e c a p a b l e o f r e u d i r l n g ? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18. Has s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t , by means o f s u c h a c t i v i t i e s as a s o e o i h l i e s , c a u s e d yon t o r e a l i s e \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 t h e n e e d ' f o r b e t t e r c o n d u c t i n p u b l i c ? . ......-... .. ........... 1 9 . Have y o u r o x p e r i e o c es with r e g a r d t o s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t h e l p e d y o u t o r e a l i s e t h a t - t h e q u a l i t y o r r e p u t a t i o n o f a c o m u u r i t y j depends l a r g e l y u p o n t h o r e s i d e n t s o f t h a t c o m m u n i t y ? . 20. Have y o u r e x p e r i e n c e s w i t h r e g a r d t o s t u d e n t g o v e r n m e n t h e l p e d y o n to become b e t t e r a c q u a i n t e d w i t h y o u r t e a c h e r s ? . . \u00C2\u00AB.. -21. .Do you ' j o ~ c rumen t , i n , P o i n t G r e y , c o u l d be -impro 22. A r e y o u h o p i n g to t a k e an ac11v o p a r t i n z te.d en t c eIUI c i 1 a f f a i r s i n s e n i o r h i g h s c h o o l ? . . 2 3 . I f you a n s w e r e d * Tyes r' to i t e b e l o w >uld 5B ICO 119 Be-t h i n k t h a t s I x i d e n t a s o r g an I z e d a t p r e s en t 35 q u e s t i o n 21, p l e a s e i h e i m p r o void cut: yOu S I ' - ' . \"\"OS t W v - \" O 0 ^ . 1 y 3 48 G O 52 3 0 20 10 50 1 i-3 T o t a l Hoys 157 58 1, 5 Cd ). - . . to .us o f most v a l u e ( 57/ - J A i - y i (. u. ^ \u00E2\u0080\u009E | l J . X / J g B e t t s , - , C o c i J1 x . I i . ' . - i x J ' S O'\" vCt iv/hi i . O J . 'J u.1. u.0 H,\" i ^ r t i - : , , _ -.- -i -. \u00E2\u0080\u0094 . , . , \u00E2\u0080\u009E Bower, wTii. 01c G1 J C I ^ I , i l x . , u d \" ^. -1 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 y ^ i - i ' . ^ J B r o o k s , P o t e l e r 1 . , .H t. zd 7.~l^j _ f ^.11 o B u r t , C y r i l L., r u e young d e l i n y u i n t , liew Tore,, LT.Y., -i-.<\u00C2\u00AB AJJJJIC w u Ui OsJ \u00C2\u00BB , C r o n e o n , B e r n a r d , \u00C2\u00B1 j J l / v r - v . u - ' , ~ i , - * . A. , xh w..\u00E2\u0080\u009Ee 1 PL. Go,, llux\u00C2\u00AB C u r t i , Hare;are 11 b o o s t e r , C h i l d P s y c h o l o g y , Hew Y o r k , H.Y., Longmans, G r e e n & Go,, 1950. P~ \~, vYhn, l i i e s e h o o l and t h e c h i l d , London, B l a c k i e & Bon, L t d . , 1905. XV.<\u00C2\u00ABy, t*olui, PHe s c h o o l a n d s o c i e t y , G h i c a e o , 111.?., U n i v e r s i t y o f C h i c a g o P r e s s , 1900 h 1915 H a l l , G. S t a n l e y , Y o u t h , I t s B d u o a t i o n , Hew \"fork, and London, Bo A p p l e t o n 1 Co., 1922. B e a t o n , Henneth. L., Phe c h a r a c t e r ' e m p h a s i s i n e d u c a t i o n , C h i c a g o , I I I . , U n i v e r s i t y - o f C h i c a g o P r e s s , 1 9 3 5 . J o h n s o n , B u f o r d J . , C h i l d P s y c h o l o g y , S p r i n g f i e l d , 111., G i i a r l e s C. Thomas, 1932. 1 .n <-~\ L^u\u00E2\u0080\u009E, G h ' l d i 0 y . h I u ' \" L y , C^. 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Y , L \_ \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 ~ ^ c_ 1 i c a ca i _w i , Aim a; e o . , i w o '.'1. .. - .'\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 ' \"! ^ ~ .. .-~ - l w J L U \u00C2\u00BB ... . , _L \u00E2\u0080\u009E , C -\"- ' ' ^ 11 -~ , ^ - Be i 1 ,. _ l e e k , ' d c ' I ^,C. - J , X -v. O . ^ o . W . I , _ U ; ~ \u00C2\u00AB J 1 ^ - s , ( ^ 1 ML. ), u\u00E2\u0080\u009E Y c ,_J YL\" s - f ^ L u L i , St ,\u00E2\u0080\u0094Goi T unl w - s l i i , \"cMItY , o \" Y i v '\ ^ . . f S - , u9 id r~ r'0 t , N - ^ j x Y , Y_e ^ s ; ./IOIJ. - LG _dolv. c m s , x O _ Y , M Y - L J - s - > . . . _ r o J-L J. i i 1 v. u > i _ i ,^ i , i u u y J i QI _ -I T - J - - M Y , , o _ 1 J ' j \" Y c/,^'i:i\u00C2\u00B0. T a t t s , P r a n k , E d u c a t i o n f o r s e l f - r e a l i i , a t i o n , London,' U n i v e r s i t y o f ' L o n d o n P r e s s , 1920, y liiB':'} jLw j.1 * OloVS OL \u00C2\u00A9 - VOOtll i ,fVf\"'S O r fin i'-r\u00E2\u0084\u00A2 T .... p ... .. \u00E2\u0080\u00A2\u00E2\u0080\u00A2 P e r i o d i c a l s . 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"For non-commercial purposes only, such as research, private study and education. Additional conditions apply, see Terms of Use https://open.library.ubc.ca/terms_of_use."@en . "Graduate"@en . "Student government"@en . "Text"@en . "http://hdl.handle.net/2429/38501"@en .