"Forestry, Faculty of"@en . "DSpace"@en . "UBCV"@en . "Ken, Jennifer"@en . "2014-10-07T16:51:51Z"@en . "2014-04"@en . "Free-growing, by its definition covers a limited time frame of a stands life. As the concept provides a significant milestone within stand management, debates arise regarding whether this target is an adequate method to evaluate silvicultural success (Martin, 2012). Forestry experts and the Government have conducted surveys around this debate. Currently, there is a widespread mortality of planted trees in plantations deemed to be free growing throughout British Columbia. Due to the current mortality trends of BC\u00E2\u0080\u0099s free growing stands, it is crucial to re-examine the validity of this concept. Statistics have shown that the overwhelmingly favored species is lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) as this specie favors open and light abundant environments such as recently logged areas. When plantations are largely homogenous in species, they are very vulnerable to species specific attacks and diseases. However, there is a knowledge gap from the assessment conducted at free-growing declaration to final harvest. Stand development monitoring needs to be mandated to ensure BC\u00E2\u0080\u0099s future timber supply. By examining the current free-growing status requirements and free-growing stands in the province it is hopeful that we can avoid another epidemic such as the mountain pine beetle for reforested lodgepole pine stands."@en . "https://circle.library.ubc.ca/rest/handle/2429/50626?expand=metadata"@en . "\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0Effectiveness\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0Free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0Plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0British\t \u00C2\u00A0Columbia\t \u00C2\u00A0FRST\t \u00C2\u00A0497:\t \u00C2\u00A0Graduating\t \u00C2\u00A0Essay\t \u00C2\u00A0Jennifer\t \u00C2\u00A0Ken\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 \t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 2\t \u00C2\u00A0Abstract\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 Free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing,\t \u00C2\u00A0by\t \u00C2\u00A0its\t \u00C2\u00A0definition\t \u00C2\u00A0covers\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0limited\t \u00C2\u00A0time\t \u00C2\u00A0frame\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0life.\t \u00C2\u00A0As\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0concept\t \u00C2\u00A0provides\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0significant\t \u00C2\u00A0milestone\t \u00C2\u00A0within\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0management,\t \u00C2\u00A0debates\t \u00C2\u00A0arise\t \u00C2\u00A0regarding\t \u00C2\u00A0whether\t \u00C2\u00A0this\t \u00C2\u00A0target\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0an\t \u00C2\u00A0adequate\t \u00C2\u00A0method\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0evaluate\t \u00C2\u00A0silvicultural\t \u00C2\u00A0success\t \u00C2\u00A0(Martin,\t \u00C2\u00A02012).\t \u00C2\u00A0Forestry\t \u00C2\u00A0experts\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0Government\t \u00C2\u00A0have\t \u00C2\u00A0conducted\t \u00C2\u00A0surveys\t \u00C2\u00A0around\t \u00C2\u00A0this\t \u00C2\u00A0debate.\t \u00C2\u00A0Currently,\t \u00C2\u00A0there\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0widespread\t \u00C2\u00A0mortality\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0planted\t \u00C2\u00A0trees\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0deemed\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0free\t \u00C2\u00A0growing\t \u00C2\u00A0throughout\t \u00C2\u00A0British\t \u00C2\u00A0Columbia.\t \u00C2\u00A0Due\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0current\t \u00C2\u00A0mortality\t \u00C2\u00A0trends\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0BC\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t \u00C2\u00A0free\t \u00C2\u00A0growing\t \u00C2\u00A0stands,\t \u00C2\u00A0it\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0crucial\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0re-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090examine\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0validity\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0this\t \u00C2\u00A0concept.\t \u00C2\u00A0Statistics\t \u00C2\u00A0have\t \u00C2\u00A0shown\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0overwhelmingly\t \u00C2\u00A0favored\t \u00C2\u00A0species\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0(Pinus\t \u00C2\u00A0contorta)\t \u00C2\u00A0as\t \u00C2\u00A0this\t \u00C2\u00A0specie\t \u00C2\u00A0favors\t \u00C2\u00A0open\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0light\t \u00C2\u00A0abundant\t \u00C2\u00A0environments\t \u00C2\u00A0such\t \u00C2\u00A0as\t \u00C2\u00A0recently\t \u00C2\u00A0logged\t \u00C2\u00A0areas.\t \u00C2\u00A0When\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0are\t \u00C2\u00A0largely\t \u00C2\u00A0homogenous\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0species,\t \u00C2\u00A0they\t \u00C2\u00A0are\t \u00C2\u00A0very\t \u00C2\u00A0vulnerable\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0species\t \u00C2\u00A0specific\t \u00C2\u00A0attacks\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0diseases.\t \u00C2\u00A0However,\t \u00C2\u00A0there\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0knowledge\t \u00C2\u00A0gap\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0assessment\t \u00C2\u00A0conducted\t \u00C2\u00A0at\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0declaration\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0final\t \u00C2\u00A0harvest.\t \u00C2\u00A0Stand\t \u00C2\u00A0development\t \u00C2\u00A0monitoring\t \u00C2\u00A0needs\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0mandated\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0ensure\t \u00C2\u00A0BC\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t \u00C2\u00A0future\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0supply.\t \u00C2\u00A0By\t \u00C2\u00A0examining\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0current\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0status\t \u00C2\u00A0requirements\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0province\t \u00C2\u00A0it\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0hopeful\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0we\t \u00C2\u00A0can\t \u00C2\u00A0avoid\t \u00C2\u00A0another\t \u00C2\u00A0epidemic\t \u00C2\u00A0such\t \u00C2\u00A0as\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0mountain\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0beetle\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0reforested\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0stands.\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0Keywords:\t \u00C2\u00A0British\t \u00C2\u00A0Columbia\t \u00C2\u00A0(BC),\t \u00C2\u00A0Free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing,\t \u00C2\u00A0Lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0(Pinus\t \u00C2\u00A0contorta),\t \u00C2\u00A0Monoculture,\t \u00C2\u00A0Reforestation,\t \u00C2\u00A0Regeneration,\t \u00C2\u00A0Silviculture,\t \u00C2\u00A0Timber\t \u00C2\u00A0Supply\t \u00C2\u00A0Review\t \u00C2\u00A0(TSR),\t \u00C2\u00A0Stand\t \u00C2\u00A0Development\t \u00C2\u00A0Monitoring\t \u00C2\u00A0(SDM),\t \u00C2\u00A0Young\t \u00C2\u00A0Stand\t \u00C2\u00A0Monitoring\t \u00C2\u00A0(YSM)\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 \t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 3\t \u00C2\u00A0Table\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0Contents\t \u00C2\u00A0Executive\t \u00C2\u00A0Summary\t \u00C2\u00A0..............................................................................................\t \u00C2\u00A0Error!\t \u00C2\u00A0Bookmark\t \u00C2\u00A0not\t \u00C2\u00A0defined.\t \u00C2\u00A0List\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0Tables:\t \u00C2\u00A0............................................................................................................................................................\t \u00C2\u00A03\t \u00C2\u00A0List\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0Figures:\t \u00C2\u00A0...........................................................................................................................................................\t \u00C2\u00A03\t \u00C2\u00A0Introduction\t \u00C2\u00A0...............................................................................................................................................................\t \u00C2\u00A04\t \u00C2\u00A0Background\t \u00C2\u00A0........................................................................................................................\t \u00C2\u00A0Error!\t \u00C2\u00A0Bookmark\t \u00C2\u00A0not\t \u00C2\u00A0defined.\t \u00C2\u00A0Problem\t \u00C2\u00A0Statement\t \u00C2\u00A0..............................................................................................................................................................\t \u00C2\u00A05\t \u00C2\u00A0History\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0Definitions\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0Free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Growing\t \u00C2\u00A0Concept\t \u00C2\u00A0................................................................................\t \u00C2\u00A06\t \u00C2\u00A0Current\t \u00C2\u00A0health\t \u00C2\u00A0status\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0BC\t \u00C2\u00A0............................................................................\t \u00C2\u00A08\t \u00C2\u00A0Recommendations\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0Implementations\t \u00C2\u00A0.....................................................................................................\t \u00C2\u00A012\t \u00C2\u00A0Monitoring\t \u00C2\u00A0Juvenile\t \u00C2\u00A0Stands\t \u00C2\u00A0.............................................................................................................................................\t \u00C2\u00A012\t \u00C2\u00A0Stand\t \u00C2\u00A0Development\t \u00C2\u00A0Monitoring\t \u00C2\u00A0(SDM)\t \u00C2\u00A0.......................................................................................................................................\t \u00C2\u00A012\t \u00C2\u00A0Young\t \u00C2\u00A0Stand\t \u00C2\u00A0Monitoring\t \u00C2\u00A0(YSM)\t \u00C2\u00A0......................................................................................................................................................\t \u00C2\u00A013\t \u00C2\u00A0Revision\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0Current\t \u00C2\u00A0Stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0Standards\t \u00C2\u00A0(Minimum\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0Target\t \u00C2\u00A0Densities)\t \u00C2\u00A0...................................................\t \u00C2\u00A014\t \u00C2\u00A0Promote\t \u00C2\u00A0Species\t \u00C2\u00A0Diversity\t \u00C2\u00A0..............................................................................................................................................\t \u00C2\u00A014\t \u00C2\u00A0Conclusion\t \u00C2\u00A0................................................................................................................................................................\t \u00C2\u00A014\t \u00C2\u00A0Appendix\t \u00C2\u00A0A:\t \u00C2\u00A0Key\t \u00C2\u00A0Tests\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0Stewardship\t \u00C2\u00A0Plan\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standard\t \u00C2\u00A0proposals\t \u00C2\u00A0.........................\t \u00C2\u00A017\t \u00C2\u00A0Appendix\t \u00C2\u00A0B:\t \u00C2\u00A0Stand\t \u00C2\u00A0Development\t \u00C2\u00A0Monitoring\t \u00C2\u00A0(SDM)\t \u00C2\u00A0protocols\t \u00C2\u00A0..............................................................\t \u00C2\u00A018\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0List\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0Tables:\t \u00C2\u00A0Table\t \u00C2\u00A01:\t \u00C2\u00A0Average\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking,\t \u00C2\u00A0damage,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0status\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0by\t \u00C2\u00A0biogeoclimatic\t \u00C2\u00A0zone.\t \u00C2\u00A0(from\t \u00C2\u00A0Simard\t \u00C2\u00A0et\t \u00C2\u00A0al.,\t \u00C2\u00A02010)\t \u00C2\u00A0......................................................................................................\t \u00C2\u00A09\t \u00C2\u00A0Table\t \u00C2\u00A02:\t \u00C2\u00A0List\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0individual\t \u00C2\u00A0damage\t \u00C2\u00A0agents\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A060\t \u00C2\u00A0randomly\t \u00C2\u00A0selected\t \u00C2\u00A0managed\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0southern\t \u00C2\u00A0BC.\t \u00C2\u00A0(From\t \u00C2\u00A0Woods\t \u00C2\u00A0et\t \u00C2\u00A0al.,\t \u00C2\u00A02013)\t \u00C2\u00A0..............................................................................................................................................\t \u00C2\u00A011\t \u00C2\u00A0List\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0Figures:\t \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t \u00C2\u00A01:\t \u00C2\u00A0A\t \u00C2\u00A0graph\t \u00C2\u00A0demonstrating\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0increase\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0reforestation\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A01970's.\t \u00C2\u00A0(Source:\t \u00C2\u00A0Ministry\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0Range,\t \u00C2\u00A02006)\t \u00C2\u00A0....................................................................................................................................................\t \u00C2\u00A07\t \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t \u00C2\u00A02:\t \u00C2\u00A0Flowchart\t \u00C2\u00A0demonstrating\t \u00C2\u00A0how\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0data\t \u00C2\u00A0collected\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0put\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0use\t \u00C2\u00A0(from\t \u00C2\u00A0Zeglen\t \u00C2\u00A0&\t \u00C2\u00A0Weaver,\t \u00C2\u00A02012)\t \u00C2\u00A0....................................................................................................................................................................................................\t \u00C2\u00A018\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 \t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 4\t \u00C2\u00A0Introduction\t \u00C2\u00A0Background\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 Free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0concept\t \u00C2\u00A0established\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0harvesting\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0Crown\t \u00C2\u00A0land\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0British\t \u00C2\u00A0Columbia\t \u00C2\u00A0(BC).\t \u00C2\u00A0Post\t \u00C2\u00A0harvesting,\t \u00C2\u00A0logging\t \u00C2\u00A0companies\t \u00C2\u00A0are\t \u00C2\u00A0required\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0re-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090establish\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0healthy\t \u00C2\u00A0commercially\t \u00C2\u00A0valuable\t \u00C2\u00A0trees.\t \u00C2\u00A0During\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0time\t \u00C2\u00A0growth\t \u00C2\u00A0prior\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0free\t \u00C2\u00A0growing\t \u00C2\u00A0declaration,\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0crop\t \u00C2\u00A0tree\t \u00C2\u00A0growth\t \u00C2\u00A0must\t \u00C2\u00A0not\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0impeded\t \u00C2\u00A0by\t \u00C2\u00A0non-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090crop\t \u00C2\u00A0species\t \u00C2\u00A0(Powelson,\t \u00C2\u00A02012).\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0purpose\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0policy\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0ensure\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0licensees\t \u00C2\u00A0meet\t \u00C2\u00A0their\t \u00C2\u00A0obligations\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0create\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0prior\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0returning\t \u00C2\u00A0reforestation\t \u00C2\u00A0liabilities\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0land\t \u00C2\u00A0back\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0Crown\t \u00C2\u00A0(Bergerud,\t \u00C2\u00A02009).\t \u00C2\u00A0Foresters\t \u00C2\u00A0must\t \u00C2\u00A0consider\t \u00C2\u00A0provincial\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0non-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090timber\t \u00C2\u00A0objectives\t \u00C2\u00A0when\t \u00C2\u00A0developing\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0new\t \u00C2\u00A0stands.\t \u00C2\u00A0Timber\t \u00C2\u00A0objectives\t \u00C2\u00A0may\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0expressed\t \u00C2\u00A0through\t \u00C2\u00A0schedule\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0harvest\t \u00C2\u00A0schemes\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0specify\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0management\t \u00C2\u00A0actions,\t \u00C2\u00A0harvesting\t \u00C2\u00A0parameters,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0silvicultural\t \u00C2\u00A0parameters.\t \u00C2\u00A0Specific\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0objectives\t \u00C2\u00A0may\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0determined\t \u00C2\u00A0through\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0supply\t \u00C2\u00A0analyses\t \u00C2\u00A0accompanied\t \u00C2\u00A0with\t \u00C2\u00A0associated\t \u00C2\u00A0annual\t \u00C2\u00A0allowable\t \u00C2\u00A0cut\t \u00C2\u00A0(AAC)\t \u00C2\u00A0rationales.\t \u00C2\u00A0Non-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090timber\t \u00C2\u00A0objectives\t \u00C2\u00A0include\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0variety\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0non-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090timber\t \u00C2\u00A0values\t \u00C2\u00A0such\t \u00C2\u00A0as\t \u00C2\u00A0species\t \u00C2\u00A0occurrence,\t \u00C2\u00A0natural\t \u00C2\u00A0disturbance\t \u00C2\u00A0types,\t \u00C2\u00A0wildlife\t \u00C2\u00A0habitats,\t \u00C2\u00A0riparian\t \u00C2\u00A0ecosystems,\t \u00C2\u00A0viewscapes,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0heritage\t \u00C2\u00A0artifacts\t \u00C2\u00A0(Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0Practices\t \u00C2\u00A0Branch,\t \u00C2\u00A01999).\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0emphasis\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0non-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090timber\t \u00C2\u00A0objectives\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0preserve\t \u00C2\u00A0valuable\t \u00C2\u00A0areas\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0harvesting\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0reduce\t \u00C2\u00A0harvesting\t \u00C2\u00A0impacts,\t \u00C2\u00A0through\t \u00C2\u00A0careful\t \u00C2\u00A0planning\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0harvesting\t \u00C2\u00A0areas,\t \u00C2\u00A0harvest\t \u00C2\u00A0rotations\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0suggest\t \u00C2\u00A0alternative\t \u00C2\u00A0harvesting\t \u00C2\u00A0methods.\t \u00C2\u00A0License\t \u00C2\u00A0holders\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0Crown\t \u00C2\u00A0consider\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0declaration\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0an\t \u00C2\u00A0administrative\t \u00C2\u00A0milestone\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0effective\t \u00C2\u00A0reforestation\t \u00C2\u00A0post\t \u00C2\u00A0harvesting.\t \u00C2\u00A0Achievement\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0free\t \u00C2\u00A0growing\t \u00C2\u00A0declaration\t \u00C2\u00A0assumes\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0young\t \u00C2\u00A0managed\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0are\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0trajectory\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0meets\t \u00C2\u00A0provincial\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0non-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090timber\t \u00C2\u00A0objectives.\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 Lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0(Pinus\t \u00C2\u00A0contorta)\t \u00C2\u00A0has\t \u00C2\u00A0been\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0species\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0choice\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0BC,\t \u00C2\u00A0representing\t \u00C2\u00A0up\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A055%\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0all\t \u00C2\u00A0trees\t \u00C2\u00A0planted\t \u00C2\u00A0annually\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0province\t \u00C2\u00A0(Mather\t \u00C2\u00A0et\t \u00C2\u00A0al.,\t \u00C2\u00A02010).\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0BC\t \u00C2\u00A0interior\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t \u00C2\u00A0sub-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090continental\t \u00C2\u00A0climate\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0optimal\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0growth.\t \u00C2\u00A0Lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0can\t \u00C2\u00A0form\t \u00C2\u00A0pure\t \u00C2\u00A0early\t \u00C2\u00A0successional\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0dry\t \u00C2\u00A0cold\t \u00C2\u00A0forests\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0montane\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0sub-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090boreal\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0regions.\t \u00C2\u00A0Foresters\t \u00C2\u00A0choose\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0preferred\t \u00C2\u00A0species\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0reforestation\t \u00C2\u00A0largely\t \u00C2\u00A0due\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0its\t \u00C2\u00A0rapid\t \u00C2\u00A0juvenile\t \u00C2\u00A0growth\t \u00C2\u00A0rates,\t \u00C2\u00A0wide\t \u00C2\u00A0ecological\t \u00C2\u00A0amplitude\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0high\t \u00C2\u00A0tolerance\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0drought,\t \u00C2\u00A0frost,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0low\t \u00C2\u00A0soil\t \u00C2\u00A0nutrient\t \u00C2\u00A0availability\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 5\t \u00C2\u00A0(McWilliams,\t \u00C2\u00A02010).\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0overall\t \u00C2\u00A0ease\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0cost\t \u00C2\u00A0effectiveness\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0propagate\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0nurseries\t \u00C2\u00A0also\t \u00C2\u00A0makes\t \u00C2\u00A0it\t \u00C2\u00A0an\t \u00C2\u00A0attractive\t \u00C2\u00A0specie.\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0Problem\t \u00C2\u00A0Statement\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 Free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing,\t \u00C2\u00A0by\t \u00C2\u00A0its\t \u00C2\u00A0definition\t \u00C2\u00A0covers\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0limited\t \u00C2\u00A0time\t \u00C2\u00A0frame\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0life.\t \u00C2\u00A0As\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0concept\t \u00C2\u00A0provides\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0significant\t \u00C2\u00A0milestone\t \u00C2\u00A0within\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0management,\t \u00C2\u00A0debates\t \u00C2\u00A0arise\t \u00C2\u00A0regarding\t \u00C2\u00A0whether\t \u00C2\u00A0this\t \u00C2\u00A0target\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0an\t \u00C2\u00A0adequate\t \u00C2\u00A0method\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0evaluate\t \u00C2\u00A0silvicultural\t \u00C2\u00A0success\t \u00C2\u00A0(Martin,\t \u00C2\u00A02012).\t \u00C2\u00A0Monoculturalism\t \u00C2\u00A0refers\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0cultivation\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0single\t \u00C2\u00A0species\t \u00C2\u00A0over\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0wide\t \u00C2\u00A0spread\t \u00C2\u00A0area.\t \u00C2\u00A0Plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0throughout\t \u00C2\u00A0BC,\t \u00C2\u00A0planted\t \u00C2\u00A0with\t \u00C2\u00A0only\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0have\t \u00C2\u00A0resulted\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0an\t \u00C2\u00A0increased\t \u00C2\u00A0prevalence\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0damage\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0insects,\t \u00C2\u00A0disease,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0other\t \u00C2\u00A0climate\t \u00C2\u00A0related\t \u00C2\u00A0stresses.\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0mountain\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0beetle\t \u00C2\u00A0(Dentroctonus\t \u00C2\u00A0ponderosae)\t \u00C2\u00A0epidemic\t \u00C2\u00A0has\t \u00C2\u00A0been\t \u00C2\u00A0an\t \u00C2\u00A0example\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0this\t \u00C2\u00A0issue.\t \u00C2\u00A0Lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0throughout\t \u00C2\u00A0BC\t \u00C2\u00A0have\t \u00C2\u00A0lost\t \u00C2\u00A0up\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0thousands\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0hectares\t \u00C2\u00A0due\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0mountain\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0beetle\t \u00C2\u00A0epidemic,\t \u00C2\u00A0dohistroma\t \u00C2\u00A0needle\t \u00C2\u00A0blight\t \u00C2\u00A0(Mycosphaerella\t \u00C2\u00A0pini)\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0hard\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0stem\t \u00C2\u00A0rusts\t \u00C2\u00A0(Mather\t \u00C2\u00A0et\t \u00C2\u00A0al.,\t \u00C2\u00A02010).\t \u00C2\u00A0Despite\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0drastic\t \u00C2\u00A0lost\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0inventory\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0these\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations,\t \u00C2\u00A0BC\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0guidelines\t \u00C2\u00A0continue\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0make\t \u00C2\u00A0it\t \u00C2\u00A0attractive\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0plant\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine,\t \u00C2\u00A0assuming\t \u00C2\u00A0it\t \u00C2\u00A0will\t \u00C2\u00A0remain\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0predictable\t \u00C2\u00A0yield\t \u00C2\u00A0trajectory\t \u00C2\u00A0with\t \u00C2\u00A0low\t \u00C2\u00A0modeled\t \u00C2\u00A0loss\t \u00C2\u00A0rates\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0dominant\t \u00C2\u00A0crop\t \u00C2\u00A0species\t \u00C2\u00A0(Mather\t \u00C2\u00A0et\t \u00C2\u00A0al.,\t \u00C2\u00A02010).\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0BC\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0productivity\t \u00C2\u00A0expectations\t \u00C2\u00A0are\t \u00C2\u00A0derived\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0growth\t \u00C2\u00A0models.\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0accuracy\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0predict\t \u00C2\u00A0reforestation\t \u00C2\u00A0yield\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0largely\t \u00C2\u00A0affects\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0province\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0supply\t \u00C2\u00A0expectations.\t \u00C2\u00A0Current\t \u00C2\u00A0growth\t \u00C2\u00A0models\t \u00C2\u00A0being\t \u00C2\u00A0used\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0project\t \u00C2\u00A0yields\t \u00C2\u00A0have\t \u00C2\u00A0been\t \u00C2\u00A0based\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0data\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0small,\t \u00C2\u00A0structured,\t \u00C2\u00A0research\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0inventory\t \u00C2\u00A0plots\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0are\t \u00C2\u00A0not\t \u00C2\u00A0subjected\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0disturbances\t \u00C2\u00A0(Coates\t \u00C2\u00A0&\t \u00C2\u00A0Woods,\t \u00C2\u00A02013).\t \u00C2\u00A0In\t \u00C2\u00A0BC,\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0last\t \u00C2\u00A0mandatory\t \u00C2\u00A0assessment\t \u00C2\u00A0made\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0even-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090aged\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0occurs\t \u00C2\u00A0between\t \u00C2\u00A010-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u009015\t \u00C2\u00A0years\t \u00C2\u00A0post\t \u00C2\u00A0harvesting\t \u00C2\u00A0(Woods\t \u00C2\u00A0et\t \u00C2\u00A0al.,\t \u00C2\u00A02008).\t \u00C2\u00A0To\t \u00C2\u00A0achieve\t \u00C2\u00A0free\t \u00C2\u00A0growing\t \u00C2\u00A0declaration,\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0reforested\t \u00C2\u00A0sites\t \u00C2\u00A0must\t \u00C2\u00A0contain\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0minimum\t \u00C2\u00A0number\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0well-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090spaced\t \u00C2\u00A0trees\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0minimum\t \u00C2\u00A0height\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0are\t \u00C2\u00A0ecologically\t \u00C2\u00A0suitable\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0specific\t \u00C2\u00A0site.\t \u00C2\u00A0Crop\t \u00C2\u00A0tree\t \u00C2\u00A0species\t \u00C2\u00A0also\t \u00C2\u00A0cannot\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0impeded\t \u00C2\u00A0by\t \u00C2\u00A0non-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090crop\t \u00C2\u00A0species.\t \u00C2\u00A0Based\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0Eichhorn\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t \u00C2\u00A0rule,\t \u00C2\u00A0an\t \u00C2\u00A0assumption\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0made\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0once\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0dominant\t \u00C2\u00A0tree\t \u00C2\u00A0height\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0known,\t \u00C2\u00A0future\t \u00C2\u00A0dominant\t \u00C2\u00A0height\t \u00C2\u00A0will\t \u00C2\u00A0remain\t \u00C2\u00A0predictable.\t \u00C2\u00A0This\t \u00C2\u00A0assumption\t \u00C2\u00A0allows\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0yield\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0easily\t \u00C2\u00A0determined\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0projected\t \u00C2\u00A0into\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 6\t \u00C2\u00A0future\t \u00C2\u00A0(Coates\t \u00C2\u00A0&\t \u00C2\u00A0Woods,\t \u00C2\u00A02013).\t \u00C2\u00A0Eichhorn\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t \u00C2\u00A0rule\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0based\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0belief\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0disturbances\t \u00C2\u00A0rarely\t \u00C2\u00A0attack\t \u00C2\u00A0larger\t \u00C2\u00A0crop\t \u00C2\u00A0trees\t \u00C2\u00A0during\t \u00C2\u00A0early-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090to\t \u00C2\u00A0mid\t \u00C2\u00A0rotations.\t \u00C2\u00A0Surveys\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0research\t \u00C2\u00A0have\t \u00C2\u00A0indicated\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0opposite\t \u00C2\u00A0(Coates\t \u00C2\u00A0&\t \u00C2\u00A0Woods,\t \u00C2\u00A02013).\t \u00C2\u00A0While\t \u00C2\u00A0current\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0management\t \u00C2\u00A0approaches\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0BC\t \u00C2\u00A0rely\t \u00C2\u00A0heavily\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0growth\t \u00C2\u00A0&\t \u00C2\u00A0yield\t \u00C2\u00A0models,\t \u00C2\u00A0there\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0no\t \u00C2\u00A0mandated\t \u00C2\u00A0systematic\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0development\t \u00C2\u00A0monitoring\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0conditions.\t \u00C2\u00A0Due\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0these\t \u00C2\u00A0assumptions,\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0yield\t \u00C2\u00A0projections\t \u00C2\u00A0at\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0declaration\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0actual\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0yield\t \u00C2\u00A0encounter\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0resultant\t \u00C2\u00A0gap\t \u00C2\u00A0(Coates\t \u00C2\u00A0&\t \u00C2\u00A0Woods,\t \u00C2\u00A02013).\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 As\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0mountain\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0beetle\t \u00C2\u00A0epidemic\t \u00C2\u00A0has\t \u00C2\u00A0brought\t \u00C2\u00A0this\t \u00C2\u00A0issue\t \u00C2\u00A0up\t \u00C2\u00A0close\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0government\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0forestry\t \u00C2\u00A0industry,\t \u00C2\u00A0many\t \u00C2\u00A0important\t \u00C2\u00A0questions\t \u00C2\u00A0remain.\t \u00C2\u00A0How\t \u00C2\u00A0do\t \u00C2\u00A0we\t \u00C2\u00A0correctly\t \u00C2\u00A0assess\t \u00C2\u00A0how\t \u00C2\u00A0recently\t \u00C2\u00A0reforested\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0are\t \u00C2\u00A0doing?\t \u00C2\u00A0How\t \u00C2\u00A0do\t \u00C2\u00A0we\t \u00C2\u00A0accurately\t \u00C2\u00A0project\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0yield\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0will\t \u00C2\u00A0produce?\t \u00C2\u00A0Is\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0free\t \u00C2\u00A0growing\t \u00C2\u00A0concept\t \u00C2\u00A0an\t \u00C2\u00A0adequate\t \u00C2\u00A0method\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0determine\t \u00C2\u00A0silvicultural\t \u00C2\u00A0success?\t \u00C2\u00A0Throughout\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0remainder\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0paper,\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0various\t \u00C2\u00A0definitions\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0will\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0presented.\t \u00C2\u00A0Results\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0studies\t \u00C2\u00A0by\t \u00C2\u00A0forestry\t \u00C2\u00A0experts\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0Ministry\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0(MOF)\t \u00C2\u00A0will\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0examined\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0recommendations\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0future\t \u00C2\u00A0will\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0discussed.\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0History\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0Definitions\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0Free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Growing\t \u00C2\u00A0Concept\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 A\t \u00C2\u00A0variety\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0definitions\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0term\t \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u0098free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\u00E2\u0080\u0099\t \u00C2\u00A0may\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0found.\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0Government\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0BC\t \u00C2\u00A0has\t \u00C2\u00A0provided\t \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009CEstablishment\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0guidebooks\u00E2\u0080\u009D\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0varying\t \u00C2\u00A0regions\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0BC.\t \u00C2\u00A0Each\t \u00C2\u00A0guidebook\t \u00C2\u00A0includes\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0requirements\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0establish\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0declarations,\t \u00C2\u00A0with\t \u00C2\u00A0minor\t \u00C2\u00A0differences\t \u00C2\u00A0based\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0Biogeoclimatic\t \u00C2\u00A0(BEC)\t \u00C2\u00A0zones\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0regional\t \u00C2\u00A0differences.\t \u00C2\u00A0Historically\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0definition\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0free\t \u00C2\u00A0growing\t \u00C2\u00A0has\t \u00C2\u00A0changed.\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0harvest\t \u00C2\u00A0date\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0assessment\t \u00C2\u00A0date\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0linked\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0definition\t \u00C2\u00A0applied.\t \u00C2\u00A0During\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0period\t \u00C2\u00A0between\t \u00C2\u00A01970-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00901987,\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0management\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0BC\t \u00C2\u00A0began\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0initial\t \u00C2\u00A0recognition\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0value\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0replanting\t \u00C2\u00A0as\t \u00C2\u00A0seen\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0figure\t \u00C2\u00A01.\t \u00C2\u00A0In\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0same\t \u00C2\u00A0period,\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0dramatic\t \u00C2\u00A0increase\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0artificially\t \u00C2\u00A0reforested\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0also\t \u00C2\u00A0known\t \u00C2\u00A0as\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0occurred.\t \u00C2\u00A0In\t \u00C2\u00A0this\t \u00C2\u00A0era\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0recognition\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0proper\t \u00C2\u00A0site\t \u00C2\u00A0preparation,\t \u00C2\u00A0nurseries,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0seedling\t \u00C2\u00A0handling\t \u00C2\u00A0practices\t \u00C2\u00A0evolved\t \u00C2\u00A0becoming\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0current\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0concept.\t \u00C2\u00A0Stands\t \u00C2\u00A0harvested\t \u00C2\u00A0prior\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0October\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A01987\t \u00C2\u00A0follow\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0designation\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u0098free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\u00E2\u0080\u0099\t \u00C2\u00A0based\t \u00C2\u00A0upon\t \u00C2\u00A0past\t \u00C2\u00A0management\t \u00C2\u00A0practices\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0decisions.\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0physical\t \u00C2\u00A0condition\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0may\t \u00C2\u00A0not\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0reflection\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0achievement\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0specified\t \u00C2\u00A0parameter\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 7\t \u00C2\u00A0current\t \u00C2\u00A0free\t \u00C2\u00A0growing\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards.\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0Industry\t \u00C2\u00A0Outstanding\t \u00C2\u00A0program\t \u00C2\u00A0(IO)\t \u00C2\u00A0assisted\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0efforts\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0reforestation\t \u00C2\u00A0with\t \u00C2\u00A0annual\t \u00C2\u00A0funding\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0government.\t \u00C2\u00A0Free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0surveys\t \u00C2\u00A0were\t \u00C2\u00A0conducted\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0early\t \u00C2\u00A090\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0assess\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0prescription,\t \u00C2\u00A0however\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0quality\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0thoroughness\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0surveys\t \u00C2\u00A0were\t \u00C2\u00A0not\t \u00C2\u00A0mandated\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0varied\t \u00C2\u00A0considerably\t \u00C2\u00A0across\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0province.\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0necessity\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0surveys\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0meet\t \u00C2\u00A0legal\t \u00C2\u00A0obligations\t \u00C2\u00A0did\t \u00C2\u00A0not\t \u00C2\u00A0start\t \u00C2\u00A0until\t \u00C2\u00A01995\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0was\t \u00C2\u00A0not\t \u00C2\u00A0achieved\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0provincial\t \u00C2\u00A0level\t \u00C2\u00A0until\t \u00C2\u00A02002.\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 \t \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t \u00C2\u00A01:\t \u00C2\u00A0A\t \u00C2\u00A0graph\t \u00C2\u00A0demonstrating\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0increase\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0reforestation\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A01970's.\t \u00C2\u00A0(Source:\t \u00C2\u00A0Ministry\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0Range,\t \u00C2\u00A02006)\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 \t \u00C2\u00A0Significant\t \u00C2\u00A0changes\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards\t \u00C2\u00A0occurred\t \u00C2\u00A0throughout\t \u00C2\u00A0BC\t \u00C2\u00A0during\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0formation\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0concept.\t \u00C2\u00A0In\t \u00C2\u00A01981-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00901987,\t \u00C2\u00A0each\t \u00C2\u00A0region\t \u00C2\u00A0had\t \u00C2\u00A0individual\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0each\t \u00C2\u00A0BEC\t \u00C2\u00A0zone\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0site\t \u00C2\u00A0series.\t \u00C2\u00A0There\t \u00C2\u00A0were\t \u00C2\u00A0significantly\t \u00C2\u00A0higher\t \u00C2\u00A0target\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0density\t \u00C2\u00A0standards,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0very\t \u00C2\u00A0restrictive\t \u00C2\u00A0acceptable\t \u00C2\u00A0species\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0area.\t \u00C2\u00A0Between\t \u00C2\u00A01988-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00901990,\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0Ministry\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0Range\t \u00C2\u00A0(MOFR)\t \u00C2\u00A0with\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0assistance\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0key\t \u00C2\u00A0industry\t \u00C2\u00A0representatives\t \u00C2\u00A0collectively\t \u00C2\u00A0developed\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0released\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0standardized\t \u00C2\u00A0relative\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0parameters.\t \u00C2\u00A0Between\t \u00C2\u00A01990-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00901993\t \u00C2\u00A0MOFR\t \u00C2\u00A0again\t \u00C2\u00A0with\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0assistance\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0key\t \u00C2\u00A0industry\t \u00C2\u00A0representatives\t \u00C2\u00A0modified\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0released\t \u00C2\u00A0new\t \u00C2\u00A0species\t \u00C2\u00A0standards.\t \u00C2\u00A0With\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0addition\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0minimum\t \u00C2\u00A0preferred\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0multiple\t \u00C2\u00A0species\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0ensure\t \u00C2\u00A0controlled\t \u00C2\u00A0monoculture\t \u00C2\u00A0conditions,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0also\t \u00C2\u00A0require\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0minimum\t \u00C2\u00A0preferred\t \u00C2\u00A0species\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0each\t \u00C2\u00A0standard\t \u00C2\u00A0unit.\t \u00C2\u00A0In\t \u00C2\u00A01994\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards\t \u00C2\u00A0included\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0minimum\t \u00C2\u00A0height\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0account\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0health\t \u00C2\u00A0factors\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0competition\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0non-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090crop\t \u00C2\u00A0species\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0early\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0development.\t \u00C2\u00A0During\t \u00C2\u00A02005,\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards,\t \u00C2\u00A0which\t \u00C2\u00A0were\t \u00C2\u00A0originally\t \u00C2\u00A0part\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0Practices\t \u00C2\u00A0Code\t \u00C2\u00A0(FPC),\t \u00C2\u00A0were\t \u00C2\u00A0converted\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0Establishment\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0Free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Growing\t \u00C2\u00A0(EFGG)\t \u00C2\u00A0guidebooks.\t \u00C2\u00A0With\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0enactment\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0ad\t \u00C2\u00A0Range\t \u00C2\u00A0Practices\t \u00C2\u00A0Act\t \u00C2\u00A0(FRPA)\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A02003,\t \u00C2\u00A0license-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090holders\t \u00C2\u00A0were\t \u00C2\u00A0allowed\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 8\t \u00C2\u00A0specify\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0Stewardship\t \u00C2\u00A0Plan\t \u00C2\u00A0(FSP)\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0accordance\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0FRPA\t \u00C2\u00A0tests.\t \u00C2\u00A0Appendix\t \u00C2\u00A0A\t \u00C2\u00A0outlines\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0FRPA\t \u00C2\u00A0tests.\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0Current\t \u00C2\u00A0health\t \u00C2\u00A0status\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0BC\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 The\t \u00C2\u00A0Reporting\t \u00C2\u00A0Silviculture\t \u00C2\u00A0Updates\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0land\t \u00C2\u00A0status\t \u00C2\u00A0Tracking\t \u00C2\u00A0System\t \u00C2\u00A0(RESULTS)\t \u00C2\u00A0application\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0database\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0tracks\t \u00C2\u00A0silviculture\t \u00C2\u00A0information\t \u00C2\u00A0through\t \u00C2\u00A0submissions\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0openings,\t \u00C2\u00A0disturbances,\t \u00C2\u00A0silvicultural\t \u00C2\u00A0treatments\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0obligational\t \u00C2\u00A0declarations\t \u00C2\u00A0as\t \u00C2\u00A0required\t \u00C2\u00A0by\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0Range\t \u00C2\u00A0Practices\t \u00C2\u00A0legislation\t \u00C2\u00A0(Province\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0British\t \u00C2\u00A0Columbia,\t \u00C2\u00A02014).\t \u00C2\u00A0Information\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0deemed\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0BC\t \u00C2\u00A0can\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0located\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0this\t \u00C2\u00A0database.\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 Simard\t \u00C2\u00A0(2012)\t \u00C2\u00A0conducted\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0study\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0at\t \u00C2\u00A0Granite\t \u00C2\u00A0Mountain,\t \u00C2\u00A0just\t \u00C2\u00A0above\t \u00C2\u00A0Nelson,\t \u00C2\u00A0BC.\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0at\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0point\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0examination\t \u00C2\u00A0have\t \u00C2\u00A0had\t \u00C2\u00A0their\t \u00C2\u00A0liabilities\t \u00C2\u00A0reverted\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0company\t \u00C2\u00A0back\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0Crown\t \u00C2\u00A0due\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0their\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0status.\t \u00C2\u00A0Simard\t \u00C2\u00A0found\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0definition\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009Cunimpeded\t \u00C2\u00A0by\t \u00C2\u00A0brush\u00E2\u0080\u009D\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0current\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0definition\t \u00C2\u00A0has\t \u00C2\u00A0led\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0an\t \u00C2\u00A0unexpected\t \u00C2\u00A0side\t \u00C2\u00A0effect\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0unnecessary\t \u00C2\u00A0brushing\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0meet\t \u00C2\u00A0this\t \u00C2\u00A0declaration\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0trend\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0overplanting\t \u00C2\u00A0fast\t \u00C2\u00A0growing\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine.\t \u00C2\u00A0From\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0surveyed,\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0majority\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A025-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090year\t \u00C2\u00A0old\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0were\t \u00C2\u00A0no\t \u00C2\u00A0longer\t \u00C2\u00A0meeting\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0minimum\t \u00C2\u00A0standards\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0initial\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0requirements.\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0had\t \u00C2\u00A0extensive\t \u00C2\u00A0lethal\t \u00C2\u00A0damage\t \u00C2\u00A0by\t \u00C2\u00A0wildlife,\t \u00C2\u00A0western\t \u00C2\u00A0gall\t \u00C2\u00A0rust\t \u00C2\u00A0(Endocronartium\t \u00C2\u00A0harknessii)\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0snow\t \u00C2\u00A0press.\t \u00C2\u00A0Silvicultural\t \u00C2\u00A0brushing\t \u00C2\u00A0treatments\t \u00C2\u00A0have\t \u00C2\u00A0resulted\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0absence\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0deciduous\t \u00C2\u00A0trees\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0were\t \u00C2\u00A0common\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0natural\t \u00C2\u00A0stands,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0have\t \u00C2\u00A0led\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0an\t \u00C2\u00A0overall\t \u00C2\u00A0decrease\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0species\t \u00C2\u00A0diversity,\t \u00C2\u00A0density\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0overall\t \u00C2\u00A0resilience\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0natural\t \u00C2\u00A0disturbance\t \u00C2\u00A0regimes.\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 Simard\t \u00C2\u00A0et\t \u00C2\u00A0al.\t \u00C2\u00A0(2010)\t \u00C2\u00A0conducted\t \u00C2\u00A0another\t \u00C2\u00A0set\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0surveys\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0Columbia\t \u00C2\u00A0Basin.\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0survey\t \u00C2\u00A0area\t \u00C2\u00A0encompassed\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0whole\t \u00C2\u00A0southern\t \u00C2\u00A0interior\t \u00C2\u00A0BC\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0their\t \u00C2\u00A0research\t \u00C2\u00A0demonstrated\t \u00C2\u00A0similar\t \u00C2\u00A0outcomes\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0previous\t \u00C2\u00A0research\t \u00C2\u00A0at\t \u00C2\u00A0Granite\t \u00C2\u00A0Mountain.\t \u00C2\u00A0This\t \u00C2\u00A0study\t \u00C2\u00A0included\t \u00C2\u00A066\t \u00C2\u00A0randomly\t \u00C2\u00A0selected\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0RESULTS\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0span\t \u00C2\u00A06\t \u00C2\u00A0BEC\t \u00C2\u00A0zone\t \u00C2\u00A0(ESSF,\t \u00C2\u00A0ICH,\t \u00C2\u00A0IDG,\t \u00C2\u00A0MS,\t \u00C2\u00A0SBPS,\t \u00C2\u00A0SBS).\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0survey\t \u00C2\u00A0showed\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A027%\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0were\t \u00C2\u00A0no\t \u00C2\u00A0longer\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A05\t \u00C2\u00A0years\t \u00C2\u00A0post\t \u00C2\u00A0after\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0declaration.\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0Interior-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090coastal-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090hemlock\t \u00C2\u00A0(ICH)\t \u00C2\u00A0BEC\t \u00C2\u00A0zone\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0known\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0most\t \u00C2\u00A0productive\t \u00C2\u00A0forested\t \u00C2\u00A0zone\t \u00C2\u00A0within\t \u00C2\u00A0southern\t \u00C2\u00A0interior,\t \u00C2\u00A0therefore\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0surveys\t \u00C2\u00A0were\t \u00C2\u00A0conducted\t \u00C2\u00A0under\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0assumption\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 9\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0it\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0good\t \u00C2\u00A0area\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0benchmark\t \u00C2\u00A0predictions\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0future\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0conditions.\t \u00C2\u00A0If\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0are\t \u00C2\u00A0not\t \u00C2\u00A0successful\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0ICH\t \u00C2\u00A0BEC\t \u00C2\u00A0zone,\t \u00C2\u00A0it\t \u00C2\u00A0may\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0difficult\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0within\t \u00C2\u00A0other\t \u00C2\u00A0BEC\t \u00C2\u00A0zones\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0successful\t \u00C2\u00A0under\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0same\t \u00C2\u00A0regeneration\t \u00C2\u00A0regimes.\t \u00C2\u00A0Of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0surveyed\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations,\t \u00C2\u00A070%\t \u00C2\u00A0had\t \u00C2\u00A0failed\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0ICH\t \u00C2\u00A0BEC\t \u00C2\u00A0zone\t \u00C2\u00A0(Simard\t \u00C2\u00A0et\t \u00C2\u00A0al.,\t \u00C2\u00A02010).\t \u00C2\u00A0While\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0total\t \u00C2\u00A0density\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0surveyed\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0exceeded\t \u00C2\u00A01200\t \u00C2\u00A0total\t \u00C2\u00A0trees/ha\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A094%\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0stands,\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0survey\t \u00C2\u00A0showed\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0large\t \u00C2\u00A0portion\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0was\t \u00C2\u00A0due\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0clumps\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0slow-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0naturally\t \u00C2\u00A0regenerated\t \u00C2\u00A0trees,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0not\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0planted\t \u00C2\u00A0crop\t \u00C2\u00A0species.\t \u00C2\u00A0Unfortunately,\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0surveyed\t \u00C2\u00A0natural\t \u00C2\u00A0regeneration\t \u00C2\u00A0failed\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0meet\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0minimum\t \u00C2\u00A0height\t \u00C2\u00A0requirements\t \u00C2\u00A0outlined\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0guidelines.\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0survey\t \u00C2\u00A0done\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0Engelmann\t \u00C2\u00A0Spruce-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090subalpine\t \u00C2\u00A0fir\t \u00C2\u00A0(ESSF)\t \u00C2\u00A0BEC\t \u00C2\u00A0zone\t \u00C2\u00A0found\t \u00C2\u00A0barely\t \u00C2\u00A0any\t \u00C2\u00A0live\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0indicating\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0was\t \u00C2\u00A0not\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0right\t \u00C2\u00A0specie\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0this\t \u00C2\u00A0zone.\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0Table\t \u00C2\u00A01:\t \u00C2\u00A0Average\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking,\t \u00C2\u00A0damage,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0status\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0by\t \u00C2\u00A0biogeoclimatic\t \u00C2\u00A0zone.\t \u00C2\u00A0(from\t \u00C2\u00A0Simard\t \u00C2\u00A0et\t \u00C2\u00A0al.,\t \u00C2\u00A02010)\t \u00C2\u00A0BEC\t \u00C2\u00A0Zone\t \u00C2\u00A0 Total\t \u00C2\u00A0Conifers\t \u00C2\u00A0(stems/ha)\t \u00C2\u00A0 Lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0(stems/ha)\t \u00C2\u00A0 Free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0(stems/ha)\t \u00C2\u00A0 Damaged\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgpole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0(%)\t \u00C2\u00A0 Proportion\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0sites\t \u00C2\u00A0meeting\t \u00C2\u00A0minimum\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards\t \u00C2\u00A0Proportion\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0sites\t \u00C2\u00A0with\t \u00C2\u00A0>100\t \u00C2\u00A0stems/ha\t \u00C2\u00A0above\t \u00C2\u00A0minimum\t \u00C2\u00A0standards\t \u00C2\u00A0ESSF\t \u00C2\u00A0 2807\t \u00C2\u00A0 1500\t \u00C2\u00A0 54.8\t \u00C2\u00A0 862\t \u00C2\u00A0 90\t \u00C2\u00A0 70\t \u00C2\u00A0ICH\t \u00C2\u00A0 3359\t \u00C2\u00A0 1611\t \u00C2\u00A0 66.2\t \u00C2\u00A0 702\t \u00C2\u00A0 29\t \u00C2\u00A0 29\t \u00C2\u00A0IDF\t \u00C2\u00A0 2462\t \u00C2\u00A0 2120\t \u00C2\u00A0 36.1\t \u00C2\u00A0 812\t \u00C2\u00A0 100\t \u00C2\u00A0 60\t \u00C2\u00A0MS\t \u00C2\u00A0 3107\t \u00C2\u00A0 2350\t \u00C2\u00A0 42.2\t \u00C2\u00A0 912\t \u00C2\u00A0 86\t \u00C2\u00A0 62\t \u00C2\u00A0SBPS\t \u00C2\u00A0 4043\t \u00C2\u00A0 2759\t \u00C2\u00A0 68.6\t \u00C2\u00A0 851\t \u00C2\u00A0 80\t \u00C2\u00A0 20\t \u00C2\u00A0SBS\t \u00C2\u00A0 4320\t \u00C2\u00A0 3769\t \u00C2\u00A0 58.8\t \u00C2\u00A0 850\t \u00C2\u00A0 75\t \u00C2\u00A0 75\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0Practices\t \u00C2\u00A0Board\t \u00C2\u00A0(2003)\t \u00C2\u00A0regard\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0within\t \u00C2\u00A0100\t \u00C2\u00A0stems/ha\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0minimum\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0density\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0at\t \u00C2\u00A0high\t \u00C2\u00A0risk\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0not\t \u00C2\u00A0achieving\t \u00C2\u00A0full\t \u00C2\u00A0potential\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0productivity.\t \u00C2\u00A0Overall,\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0surveys\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0southern\t \u00C2\u00A0interior,\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0had\t \u00C2\u00A0substantial\t \u00C2\u00A0performance\t \u00C2\u00A0declines\t \u00C2\u00A0below\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0targets\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0guidelines.\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0Approximately\t \u00C2\u00A015%\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0sites\t \u00C2\u00A0were\t \u00C2\u00A0understocked\t \u00C2\u00A0(<550\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0stems/ha),\t \u00C2\u00A048%\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0surveyed\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0fell\t \u00C2\u00A0within\t \u00C2\u00A0100\t \u00C2\u00A0stems/ha\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0minimum\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standard,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A085%\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0were\t \u00C2\u00A0at\t \u00C2\u00A0least\t \u00C2\u00A0200\t \u00C2\u00A0stems/ha\t \u00C2\u00A0below\t \u00C2\u00A0target\t \u00C2\u00A0density\t \u00C2\u00A0(Simard\t \u00C2\u00A0et\t \u00C2\u00A0al.,\t \u00C2\u00A02010).\t \u00C2\u00A0BC\t \u00C2\u00A0uses\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards\t \u00C2\u00A0as\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0key\t \u00C2\u00A0tool\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0ensure\t \u00C2\u00A0harvested\t \u00C2\u00A0areas\t \u00C2\u00A0are\t \u00C2\u00A0adequately\t \u00C2\u00A0restocked\t \u00C2\u00A0relative\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0landscape-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090level\t \u00C2\u00A0management\t \u00C2\u00A0unit\t \u00C2\u00A0objectives\t \u00C2\u00A0(McWilliams,\t \u00C2\u00A02009).\t \u00C2\u00A0To\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 10\t \u00C2\u00A0approved\t \u00C2\u00A0by\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0Practices\t \u00C2\u00A0Regulation\t \u00C2\u00A0(FPPR),\t \u00C2\u00A0proposed\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards\t \u00C2\u00A0must\t \u00C2\u00A0meet\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0tests\t \u00C2\u00A0indicated\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0appendix\t \u00C2\u00A0A.\t \u00C2\u00A0Trends\t \u00C2\u00A0indicate\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0most\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0were\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0status\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0RESULTS\t \u00C2\u00A0database\t \u00C2\u00A0were\t \u00C2\u00A0problematic\t \u00C2\u00A0(Simard\t \u00C2\u00A0et\t \u00C2\u00A0al.,\t \u00C2\u00A02010).\t \u00C2\u00A0These\t \u00C2\u00A0trends\t \u00C2\u00A0imply\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0actual\t \u00C2\u00A0yield\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0free\t \u00C2\u00A0growing\t \u00C2\u00A0interior\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0will\t \u00C2\u00A0not\t \u00C2\u00A0meet\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0supply\t \u00C2\u00A0projections\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0province.\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0MFR\t \u00C2\u00A0(2006)\t \u00C2\u00A0conducted\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0review\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0consistency\t \u00C2\u00A0between\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0Stewardship\t \u00C2\u00A0Plan\t \u00C2\u00A0(FSP)\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0provincial\t \u00C2\u00A0Timber\t \u00C2\u00A0Supply\t \u00C2\u00A0Reviews\t \u00C2\u00A0(TSR).\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0Consistency\t \u00C2\u00A0occurs\t \u00C2\u00A0when\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0proposed\t \u00C2\u00A0set\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0FSP\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards\t \u00C2\u00A0does\t \u00C2\u00A0not\t \u00C2\u00A0put\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0flows\t \u00C2\u00A0projected\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0TSR\t \u00C2\u00A0at\t \u00C2\u00A0risk\t \u00C2\u00A0by\t \u00C2\u00A0their\t \u00C2\u00A0application\t \u00C2\u00A0over\t \u00C2\u00A0time\t \u00C2\u00A0(McWilliams,\t \u00C2\u00A02009).\t \u00C2\u00A0Implementation\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0TSRs\t \u00C2\u00A0should\t \u00C2\u00A0reflect\t \u00C2\u00A0updated\t \u00C2\u00A0results\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0past\t \u00C2\u00A0management\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0assumptions\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0planned\t \u00C2\u00A0management.\t \u00C2\u00A0Within\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0managed\t \u00C2\u00A0stand,\t \u00C2\u00A0yield\t \u00C2\u00A0projections\t \u00C2\u00A0are\t \u00C2\u00A0indirectly\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0directly\t \u00C2\u00A0influenced\t \u00C2\u00A0by\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0any\t \u00C2\u00A0changes\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards\t \u00C2\u00A0should\t \u00C2\u00A0consider\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0implications\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0TSRs\t \u00C2\u00A0(McWilliams,\t \u00C2\u00A02009).\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0In\t \u00C2\u00A0McWilliams\u00E2\u0080\u0099\t \u00C2\u00A0(2009)\t \u00C2\u00A0project\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0evaluate\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards,\t \u00C2\u00A0results\t \u00C2\u00A0indicate\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0generic\t \u00C2\u00A0nature\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0existing\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards\t \u00C2\u00A0are\t \u00C2\u00A0reasonably\t \u00C2\u00A0applied\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0most\t \u00C2\u00A0logged\t \u00C2\u00A0areas\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0demonstrate\t \u00C2\u00A0an\t \u00C2\u00A0overall\t \u00C2\u00A0positive\t \u00C2\u00A0role\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0reforestation\t \u00C2\u00A0results.\t \u00C2\u00A0However,\t \u00C2\u00A0there\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0concern\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0future\t \u00C2\u00A0conditions\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0pine-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090leading\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0due\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0high\t \u00C2\u00A0impacts\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0hard\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0stem\t \u00C2\u00A0rusts\t \u00C2\u00A0and/or\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0poor\t \u00C2\u00A0quality\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0medium\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0good\t \u00C2\u00A0sites\t \u00C2\u00A0grown\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0densities\t \u00C2\u00A0targeted\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards\t \u00C2\u00A0(McWilliams,\t \u00C2\u00A02009).\t \u00C2\u00A0To\t \u00C2\u00A0improve\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0linkage\t \u00C2\u00A0between\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0short-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0mid-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090term\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0supply,\t \u00C2\u00A0estimates\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0performance\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0regenerated\t \u00C2\u00A0based\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards\t \u00C2\u00A0are\t \u00C2\u00A0critical\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0evaluate\t \u00C2\u00A0whether\t \u00C2\u00A0managed\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0meet\t \u00C2\u00A0forest-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090level\t \u00C2\u00A0objectives\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0TSR\t \u00C2\u00A0assumptions.\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 Several\t \u00C2\u00A0studies\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0survey\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0all\t \u00C2\u00A0found\t \u00C2\u00A0essentially\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0same\t \u00C2\u00A0factors\t \u00C2\u00A0causing\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0failure\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations.\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0most\t \u00C2\u00A0common\t \u00C2\u00A0was\t \u00C2\u00A0stem\t \u00C2\u00A0disease,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0particular\t \u00C2\u00A0western\t \u00C2\u00A0gall\t \u00C2\u00A0rust,\t \u00C2\u00A0which\t \u00C2\u00A0occurs\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0100%\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0sites\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0surveys\t \u00C2\u00A0by\t \u00C2\u00A0Simard\t \u00C2\u00A0et\t \u00C2\u00A0al.,\t \u00C2\u00A0(2010).\t \u00C2\u00A0Other\t \u00C2\u00A0prevalent\t \u00C2\u00A0damaging\t \u00C2\u00A0agents\t \u00C2\u00A0include\t \u00C2\u00A0mountain\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0beetle\t \u00C2\u00A0infestation,\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0terminal\t \u00C2\u00A0weevil\t \u00C2\u00A0(Pissodes\t \u00C2\u00A0terminalis)\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0furbearing\t \u00C2\u00A0animals.\t \u00C2\u00A0Widespread\t \u00C2\u00A0lethal\t \u00C2\u00A0damage\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0hard\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0stem\t \u00C2\u00A0rusts\t \u00C2\u00A0also\t \u00C2\u00A0contributes\t \u00C2\u00A0significant\t \u00C2\u00A0volume\t \u00C2\u00A0losses\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0young\t \u00C2\u00A0naturally\t \u00C2\u00A0regenerated\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0planted\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0interior\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0BC.\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 11\t \u00C2\u00A0Table\t \u00C2\u00A02:\t \u00C2\u00A0List\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0individual\t \u00C2\u00A0damage\t \u00C2\u00A0agents\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A060\t \u00C2\u00A0randomly\t \u00C2\u00A0selected\t \u00C2\u00A0managed\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0southern\t \u00C2\u00A0BC.\t \u00C2\u00A0(From\t \u00C2\u00A0Woods\t \u00C2\u00A0et\t \u00C2\u00A0al.,\t \u00C2\u00A02013)\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 \t \u00C2\u00A0 The\t \u00C2\u00A0overplanting\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0single\t \u00C2\u00A0specie\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0has\t \u00C2\u00A0increased\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0impact\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0epidemics\t \u00C2\u00A0such\t \u00C2\u00A0as\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0recent\t \u00C2\u00A0mountain\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0beetle\t \u00C2\u00A0epidemic.\t \u00C2\u00A0Studies\t \u00C2\u00A0by\t \u00C2\u00A0Simard\t \u00C2\u00A0et\t \u00C2\u00A0al.,\t \u00C2\u00A0(2010)\t \u00C2\u00A0indicate\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0single\t \u00C2\u00A0specie\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0reduce\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0structure\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0functional\t \u00C2\u00A0diversity\t \u00C2\u00A0up\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A015\t \u00C2\u00A0years\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0decline\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0health.\t \u00C2\u00A0Changes\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0leading\t \u00C2\u00A0inventory\t \u00C2\u00A0specie\t \u00C2\u00A0during\t \u00C2\u00A0post-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0development\t \u00C2\u00A0have\t \u00C2\u00A0decreased\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0accuracy\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0inventories\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0supply\t \u00C2\u00A0forecasts.\t \u00C2\u00A0A\t \u00C2\u00A0special\t \u00C2\u00A0investigation\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A02007\t \u00C2\u00A0by\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0Practices\t \u00C2\u00A0Board\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0amending\t \u00C2\u00A0prescriptions\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0achieving\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0forests\t \u00C2\u00A0indicates\t \u00C2\u00A0reasoning\t \u00C2\u00A0behind\t \u00C2\u00A0amendments\t \u00C2\u00A0made\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0free\t \u00C2\u00A0growing\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations.\t \u00C2\u00A0More\t \u00C2\u00A0than\t \u00C2\u00A028%\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0sample\t \u00C2\u00A0populations\t \u00C2\u00A0were\t \u00C2\u00A0amended\t \u00C2\u00A0due\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0growing\t \u00C2\u00A0conditions\t \u00C2\u00A0varying\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0those\t \u00C2\u00A0described\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0silviculture\t \u00C2\u00A0prescription\t \u00C2\u00A0resulting\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0failure,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A021%\t \u00C2\u00A0had\t \u00C2\u00A0found\t \u00C2\u00A0other\t \u00C2\u00A0species\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0more\t \u00C2\u00A0ecologically\t \u00C2\u00A0appropriate\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0site\t \u00C2\u00A0(Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0Practices\t \u00C2\u00A0Board,\t \u00C2\u00A02007).\t \u00C2\u00A0In\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0same\t \u00C2\u00A0investigation,\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0Board\t \u00C2\u00A0concludes\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0there\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0no\t \u00C2\u00A0reason\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0concern\t \u00C2\u00A0with\t \u00C2\u00A0regard\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0amendments.\t \u00C2\u00A0In\t \u00C2\u00A0order\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0concept\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0adequately\t \u00C2\u00A0reflect\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0regeneration\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0complex\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0ecosystem,\t \u00C2\u00A0amendments\t \u00C2\u00A0are\t \u00C2\u00A0necessary\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0account\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0new\t \u00C2\u00A0information\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0represent\t \u00C2\u00A0sound\t \u00C2\u00A0stewardship\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0resource\t \u00C2\u00A0(Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0Practices\t \u00C2\u00A0Board,\t \u00C2\u00A02007).\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 12\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 Climate\t \u00C2\u00A0change\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0another\t \u00C2\u00A0factor\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0has\t \u00C2\u00A0led\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0changes\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0composition,\t \u00C2\u00A0productivity,\t \u00C2\u00A0carbon\t \u00C2\u00A0sequestration,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0many\t \u00C2\u00A0other\t \u00C2\u00A0ecosystem\t \u00C2\u00A0functions\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0may\t \u00C2\u00A0have\t \u00C2\u00A0yet\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0uncovered\t \u00C2\u00A0(Mather\t \u00C2\u00A0et\t \u00C2\u00A0al.,\t \u00C2\u00A02010).\t \u00C2\u00A0Increasing\t \u00C2\u00A0temperatures,\t \u00C2\u00A0shifts\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0precipitation\t \u00C2\u00A0patterns,\t \u00C2\u00A0increased\t \u00C2\u00A0frequencies\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0extreme\t \u00C2\u00A0weather\t \u00C2\u00A0conditions\t \u00C2\u00A0have\t \u00C2\u00A0put\t \u00C2\u00A0knowledge\t \u00C2\u00A0gaps\t \u00C2\u00A0between\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0relationship\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0biotic\t \u00C2\u00A0disturbances\t \u00C2\u00A0(Simard\t \u00C2\u00A0et\t \u00C2\u00A0al.,\t \u00C2\u00A02010).\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0It\t \u00C2\u00A0will\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0particularly\t \u00C2\u00A0important\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0consider\t \u00C2\u00A0evolving\t \u00C2\u00A0host-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090pest\t \u00C2\u00A0dynamics\t \u00C2\u00A0alongside\t \u00C2\u00A0climate\t \u00C2\u00A0change\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0future\t \u00C2\u00A0planting\t \u00C2\u00A0stock\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0silvicultural\t \u00C2\u00A0practices\t \u00C2\u00A0(Schaberg\t \u00C2\u00A0et\t \u00C2\u00A0al.,\t \u00C2\u00A02008).\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0Recommendations\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0Implementations\t \u00C2\u00A0 \t \u00C2\u00A0Monitoring\t \u00C2\u00A0Juvenile\t \u00C2\u00A0Stands\t \u00C2\u00A0To\t \u00C2\u00A0accurately\t \u00C2\u00A0determine\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0future\t \u00C2\u00A0volumes\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0stand,\t \u00C2\u00A0it\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0essential\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0find\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0way\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0properly\t \u00C2\u00A0assess\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0current\t \u00C2\u00A0condition\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0managed\t \u00C2\u00A0stand.\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0purpose\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0monitoring\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0early\t \u00C2\u00A0detection\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0health\t \u00C2\u00A0concerns,\t \u00C2\u00A0accurate\t \u00C2\u00A0update\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0inventories,\t \u00C2\u00A0increase\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0accuracy\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0predictions\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0future\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0harvest\t \u00C2\u00A0yields,\t \u00C2\u00A0support\t \u00C2\u00A0adaptive\t \u00C2\u00A0management\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0forests,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0provide\t \u00C2\u00A0information\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0assist\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0future\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0management\t \u00C2\u00A0decision\t \u00C2\u00A0making\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0policy\t \u00C2\u00A0changes.\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0Stand\t \u00C2\u00A0Development\t \u00C2\u00A0Monitoring\t \u00C2\u00A0(SDM)\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 One\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0biggest\t \u00C2\u00A0issues\t \u00C2\u00A0with\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0concept\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0lack\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0development\t \u00C2\u00A0monitoring\t \u00C2\u00A0once\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0declared\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing.\t \u00C2\u00A0In\t \u00C2\u00A02005,\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0pilot\t \u00C2\u00A0project\t \u00C2\u00A0took\t \u00C2\u00A0place\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0Lakes\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0supply\t \u00C2\u00A0area\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0implement\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0development\t \u00C2\u00A0monitoring\t \u00C2\u00A0(SDM).\t \u00C2\u00A0SDM\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0protocol\t \u00C2\u00A0developed\t \u00C2\u00A0by\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0&\t \u00C2\u00A0Range\t \u00C2\u00A0Evaluation\t \u00C2\u00A0Program\t \u00C2\u00A0(FREP).\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0objective\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0this\t \u00C2\u00A0project\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0assess\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0health\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0productivity\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0young\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0between\t \u00C2\u00A015\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A040\t \u00C2\u00A0years\t \u00C2\u00A0old,\t \u00C2\u00A08\t \u00C2\u00A0years\t \u00C2\u00A0post-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090treatment,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A010\t \u00C2\u00A0years\t \u00C2\u00A0post-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0declaration.\t \u00C2\u00A0SDM\t \u00C2\u00A0provides\t \u00C2\u00A0analysis\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0data\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0five\t \u00C2\u00A0crucial\t \u00C2\u00A0areas\t \u00C2\u00A0demonstrated\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0Appendix\t \u00C2\u00A0B.\t \u00C2\u00A0From\t \u00C2\u00A0these\t \u00C2\u00A0assessments,\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0effectiveness\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0current\t \u00C2\u00A0government\t \u00C2\u00A0policies\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0management\t \u00C2\u00A0practices\t \u00C2\u00A0are\t \u00C2\u00A0reviewed,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0changes\t \u00C2\u00A0were\t \u00C2\u00A0recommended.\t \u00C2\u00A0Each\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0supply\t \u00C2\u00A0area\t \u00C2\u00A0within\t \u00C2\u00A0BC\t \u00C2\u00A0has\t \u00C2\u00A0been\t \u00C2\u00A0sampled\t \u00C2\u00A0since\t \u00C2\u00A02005\t \u00C2\u00A0(Zeglen\t \u00C2\u00A0&\t \u00C2\u00A0Weaver,\t \u00C2\u00A02012).\t \u00C2\u00A0Through\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0resource\t \u00C2\u00A0agencies\u00E2\u0080\u0099\t \u00C2\u00A0due\t \u00C2\u00A0diligence,\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0stakeholders\t \u00C2\u00A0may\t \u00C2\u00A0confirm\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0validate\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0values\t \u00C2\u00A0within\t \u00C2\u00A0their\t \u00C2\u00A0investments\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0growing\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 13\t \u00C2\u00A0new\t \u00C2\u00A0forests.\t \u00C2\u00A0Applying\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0knowledge\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0SDM\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0update\t \u00C2\u00A0resource\t \u00C2\u00A0inventories,\t \u00C2\u00A0refine\t \u00C2\u00A0future\t \u00C2\u00A0harvest\t \u00C2\u00A0yield\t \u00C2\u00A0projections,\t \u00C2\u00A0reassess\t \u00C2\u00A0investments,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0adapt\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0climate\t \u00C2\u00A0will\t \u00C2\u00A0assist\t \u00C2\u00A0both\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0government\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0licensee\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0effective\t \u00C2\u00A0future\t \u00C2\u00A0planning.\t \u00C2\u00A0One\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0strengths\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0SDM\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0it\t \u00C2\u00A0offers\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0health\t \u00C2\u00A0agent\t \u00C2\u00A0extent\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0severity\t \u00C2\u00A0identification.\t \u00C2\u00A0It\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0hopeful\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0SDM\t \u00C2\u00A0will\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0mandatory\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0all\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0will\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0final\t \u00C2\u00A0survey\t \u00C2\u00A0before\t \u00C2\u00A0harvest\t \u00C2\u00A0instead\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0survey\t \u00C2\u00A0(Zeglen\t \u00C2\u00A0&\t \u00C2\u00A0Weaver,\t \u00C2\u00A02012).\t \u00C2\u00A0While\t \u00C2\u00A0SDM\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0solution\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0ensure\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0health\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0quality\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0stands,\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0process\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0financially\t \u00C2\u00A0burdening\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0liabilities\t \u00C2\u00A0have\t \u00C2\u00A0been\t \u00C2\u00A0fully\t \u00C2\u00A0reverted\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0Government.\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0Young\t \u00C2\u00A0Stand\t \u00C2\u00A0Monitoring\t \u00C2\u00A0(YSM)\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 Following\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0SDM\t \u00C2\u00A0project,\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0MOF,\t \u00C2\u00A0Ministry\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0Lands\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0Natural\t \u00C2\u00A0Resource\t \u00C2\u00A0Operations\t \u00C2\u00A0(MFLNRO)\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0Analysis\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0Inventory\t \u00C2\u00A0Branch\t \u00C2\u00A0(FAIB)\t \u00C2\u00A0has\t \u00C2\u00A0developed\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0pilot\t \u00C2\u00A0tested\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0new\t \u00C2\u00A0program\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0young\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0monitoring\t \u00C2\u00A0(YSM).\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0first\t \u00C2\u00A0two\t \u00C2\u00A0YSM\t \u00C2\u00A0pilot\t \u00C2\u00A0projects\t \u00C2\u00A0were\t \u00C2\u00A0conducted\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A02012/2013\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0Kootenay\t \u00C2\u00A0Lake\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0Morice\t \u00C2\u00A0TSAs.\t \u00C2\u00A0Currently\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0YSM\t \u00C2\u00A0program\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0being\t \u00C2\u00A0implemented\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0especially\t \u00C2\u00A0high-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090risk\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0management\t \u00C2\u00A0units\t \u00C2\u00A0(TSA\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0TFL)\t \u00C2\u00A0(Omule,\t \u00C2\u00A02013).\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0objective\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0YSM\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0address\t \u00C2\u00A0current\t \u00C2\u00A0information\t \u00C2\u00A0gaps\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0growth\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0yield\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0young\t \u00C2\u00A0stands.\t \u00C2\u00A0This\t \u00C2\u00A0data\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0critical\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0supporting\t \u00C2\u00A0current\t \u00C2\u00A0TSRs\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0TSR\t \u00C2\u00A0exercise\t \u00C2\u00A0(Omule,\t \u00C2\u00A02013).\t \u00C2\u00A0YSM\t \u00C2\u00A0targets\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0populations\t \u00C2\u00A0composed\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A015-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u009050\t \u00C2\u00A0year\t \u00C2\u00A0old\t \u00C2\u00A0young\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0are\t \u00C2\u00A0likely\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0contribute\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0future\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0supply\t \u00C2\u00A0within\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0management\t \u00C2\u00A0unit\t \u00C2\u00A0(Omule,\t \u00C2\u00A02013).\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0data\t \u00C2\u00A0collected\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0YSM\t \u00C2\u00A0plots\t \u00C2\u00A0describe\t \u00C2\u00A0current\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0structure\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0young\t \u00C2\u00A0stands.\t \u00C2\u00A0Descriptive\t \u00C2\u00A0statistics\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0data\t \u00C2\u00A0can\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0calculated\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0selected\t \u00C2\u00A0attributes\t \u00C2\u00A0such\t \u00C2\u00A0as\t \u00C2\u00A0basal\t \u00C2\u00A0area/ha,\t \u00C2\u00A0gross\t \u00C2\u00A0volume/ha,\t \u00C2\u00A0net\t \u00C2\u00A0merchantable\t \u00C2\u00A0volume/ha\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0dead\t \u00C2\u00A0volume/ha.\t \u00C2\u00A0In\t \u00C2\u00A0addition,\t \u00C2\u00A0data\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0damage\t \u00C2\u00A0agents\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0severity\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0damage\t \u00C2\u00A0can\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0obtained\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0YSM\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0assess\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0health.\t \u00C2\u00A0Monitoring\t \u00C2\u00A0statistics\t \u00C2\u00A0can\t \u00C2\u00A0assist\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0supply\t \u00C2\u00A0analysts\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0growth\t \u00C2\u00A0&\t \u00C2\u00A0yield\t \u00C2\u00A0modelers\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0improve\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0supply\t \u00C2\u00A0forecasts.\t \u00C2\u00A0More\t \u00C2\u00A0importantly\t \u00C2\u00A0YSM\t \u00C2\u00A0data\t \u00C2\u00A0can\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0used\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0check\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0accuracy\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0supply\t \u00C2\u00A0analysis\t \u00C2\u00A0assumptions\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0provide\t \u00C2\u00A0feedback\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0impacts\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0past\t \u00C2\u00A0policies\t \u00C2\u00A0(Omule,\t \u00C2\u00A02013).\t \u00C2\u00A0This\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0achieved\t \u00C2\u00A0by\t \u00C2\u00A0examining\t \u00C2\u00A0long\t \u00C2\u00A0term\t \u00C2\u00A0trends\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0difference\t \u00C2\u00A0between\t \u00C2\u00A0observed\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0predicted\t \u00C2\u00A0growth\t \u00C2\u00A0&\t \u00C2\u00A0yield\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0attributes\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0pest\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0disease\t \u00C2\u00A0incidences.\t \u00C2\u00A0Progressively,\t \u00C2\u00A0YSM\t \u00C2\u00A0will\t \u00C2\u00A0investigate\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 14\t \u00C2\u00A0potential\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0integrate\t \u00C2\u00A0data\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0SDM\t \u00C2\u00A0into\t \u00C2\u00A0YSM\t \u00C2\u00A0growth\t \u00C2\u00A0monitoring\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0develop\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0process\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0incorporate\t \u00C2\u00A0YSM\t \u00C2\u00A0data\t \u00C2\u00A0into\t \u00C2\u00A0policy-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090making\t \u00C2\u00A0decisions.\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0Revision\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0Current\t \u00C2\u00A0Stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0Standards\t \u00C2\u00A0(Minimum\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0Target\t \u00C2\u00A0Densities)\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 Stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards\t \u00C2\u00A0are\t \u00C2\u00A0closely\t \u00C2\u00A0related\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0regeneration\t \u00C2\u00A0practices,\t \u00C2\u00A0which\t \u00C2\u00A0influence\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0productivity\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0regenerated\t \u00C2\u00A0stands.\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0Currently,\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0majority\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0TSRs\t \u00C2\u00A0use\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0actual\t \u00C2\u00A0performance\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0regenerated\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0future\t \u00C2\u00A0yield\t \u00C2\u00A0projections,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0past\t \u00C2\u00A0performances\t \u00C2\u00A0are\t \u00C2\u00A0used\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0model\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0development\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0future\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0(McWilliams,\t \u00C2\u00A02009).\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0direct\t \u00C2\u00A0relationship\t \u00C2\u00A0between\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0future\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0yield\t \u00C2\u00A0assumptions\t \u00C2\u00A0suggests\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0future\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0regenerated\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0should\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0based\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0assumed\t \u00C2\u00A0projections\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0future\t \u00C2\u00A0regenerated\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0(McWilliams,\t \u00C2\u00A02009).\t \u00C2\u00A0This\t \u00C2\u00A0can\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0accomplished\t \u00C2\u00A0through\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0minimization\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0development\t \u00C2\u00A0uncertainties\t \u00C2\u00A0by\t \u00C2\u00A0use\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0SDM\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0YSM.\t \u00C2\u00A0Minimum\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0target\t \u00C2\u00A0densities\t \u00C2\u00A0should\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0set\t \u00C2\u00A0higher\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0buffer\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0against\t \u00C2\u00A0potential\t \u00C2\u00A0losses\t \u00C2\u00A0due\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0health\t \u00C2\u00A0agents.\t \u00C2\u00A0However,\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0magnitude\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0density\t \u00C2\u00A0increase\t \u00C2\u00A0should\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0carefully\t \u00C2\u00A0considered\t \u00C2\u00A0through\t \u00C2\u00A0cost\t \u00C2\u00A0effectiveness,\t \u00C2\u00A0effective\t \u00C2\u00A0research\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0propensity\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0specific\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0(McWilliams\t \u00C2\u00A02009).\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0Promote\t \u00C2\u00A0Species\t \u00C2\u00A0Diversity\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 The\t \u00C2\u00A0promotion\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0species\t \u00C2\u00A0diversity\t \u00C2\u00A0within\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0establishment\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0guidelines\t \u00C2\u00A0plays\t \u00C2\u00A0an\t \u00C2\u00A0important\t \u00C2\u00A0role\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0risk\t \u00C2\u00A0reduction,\t \u00C2\u00A0biodiversity,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0climate\t \u00C2\u00A0change\t \u00C2\u00A0adaptation\t \u00C2\u00A0(Snetsinger,\t \u00C2\u00A02011).\t \u00C2\u00A0By\t \u00C2\u00A0reducing\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0heavy\t \u00C2\u00A0reliance\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0BC,\t \u00C2\u00A0potential\t \u00C2\u00A0losses\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0damaging\t \u00C2\u00A0agents\t \u00C2\u00A0such\t \u00C2\u00A0as\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0mountain\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0beetle\t \u00C2\u00A0can\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0mitigated.\t \u00C2\u00A0Currently\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0Ministry\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0Forests,\t \u00C2\u00A0Mines,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0Lands\t \u00C2\u00A0(MFML)\t \u00C2\u00A0are\t \u00C2\u00A0developing\t \u00C2\u00A0clearer\t \u00C2\u00A0direction\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0expectations\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0best\t \u00C2\u00A0practices\t \u00C2\u00A0within\t \u00C2\u00A0species\t \u00C2\u00A0trial\t \u00C2\u00A0research\t \u00C2\u00A0(Snetsinger,\t \u00C2\u00A02011).\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0Conclusion\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 The\t \u00C2\u00A0increasing\t \u00C2\u00A0inventory\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0BC\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0do\t \u00C2\u00A0not\t \u00C2\u00A0receive\t \u00C2\u00A0adequate\t \u00C2\u00A0monitoring\t \u00C2\u00A0leads\t \u00C2\u00A0demands\t \u00C2\u00A0new\t \u00C2\u00A0guidelines\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0have\t \u00C2\u00A0not\t \u00C2\u00A0yet\t \u00C2\u00A0been\t \u00C2\u00A0implemented\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0failing\t \u00C2\u00A0pine\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations.\t \u00C2\u00A0Implementation\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0recommendations\t \u00C2\u00A0by\t \u00C2\u00A0foresters,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0ecology\t \u00C2\u00A0experts\t \u00C2\u00A0should\t \u00C2\u00A0start\t \u00C2\u00A0with\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 15\t \u00C2\u00A0Government.\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0consequences\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0these\t \u00C2\u00A0overlooked\t \u00C2\u00A0issues\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0free\t \u00C2\u00A0growing\t \u00C2\u00A0have\t \u00C2\u00A0already\t \u00C2\u00A0altered\t \u00C2\u00A0BC\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t \u00C2\u00A0current\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0inventory\t \u00C2\u00A0status\t \u00C2\u00A0(Woods\t \u00C2\u00A0et\t \u00C2\u00A0al.,\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A02011).\t \u00C2\u00A0Without\t \u00C2\u00A0change\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0current\t \u00C2\u00A0free\t \u00C2\u00A0growing\t \u00C2\u00A0legislature,\t \u00C2\u00A0stakeholders\t \u00C2\u00A0may\t \u00C2\u00A0lack\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0incentive\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0increase\t \u00C2\u00A0costs\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0current\t \u00C2\u00A0operations\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0ensure\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0performance\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0before\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0declaration.\t \u00C2\u00A0While\t \u00C2\u00A0implementations\t \u00C2\u00A0such\t \u00C2\u00A0as\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0SDM\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0YSM\t \u00C2\u00A0have\t \u00C2\u00A0been\t \u00C2\u00A0slowly\t \u00C2\u00A0taking\t \u00C2\u00A0place\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0minimize\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0knowledge\t \u00C2\u00A0gaps\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0exist\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0BC\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t \u00C2\u00A0management\t \u00C2\u00A0framework\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0final\t \u00C2\u00A0harvest,\t \u00C2\u00A0it\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0still\t \u00C2\u00A0not\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0mandated\t \u00C2\u00A0requirement.\t \u00C2\u00A0However,\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0monitoring\t \u00C2\u00A0should\t \u00C2\u00A0become\t \u00C2\u00A0mandated\t \u00C2\u00A0as\t \u00C2\u00A0data\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0SDM\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0YSM\t \u00C2\u00A0can\t \u00C2\u00A0assist\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0understanding\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0varying\t \u00C2\u00A0plantations\t \u00C2\u00A0at\t \u00C2\u00A0varying\t \u00C2\u00A0regions.\t \u00C2\u00A0Adaptive\t \u00C2\u00A0management\t \u00C2\u00A0should\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0put\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0place\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0managed\t \u00C2\u00A0stands.\t \u00C2\u00A0Simplifying\t \u00C2\u00A0BC\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t \u00C2\u00A0ecologically\t \u00C2\u00A0diverse\t \u00C2\u00A0land\t \u00C2\u00A0base\t \u00C2\u00A0with\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0cookie\t \u00C2\u00A0cutter\t \u00C2\u00A0approach\t \u00C2\u00A0has\t \u00C2\u00A0demonstrated\t \u00C2\u00A0its\t \u00C2\u00A0significant\t \u00C2\u00A0downsides.\t \u00C2\u00A0Free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0guidelines\t \u00C2\u00A0should\t \u00C2\u00A0develop\t \u00C2\u00A0clearer\t \u00C2\u00A0expectations\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0directions\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0address\t \u00C2\u00A0varying\t \u00C2\u00A0landscape\t \u00C2\u00A0levels\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0accept\t \u00C2\u00A0more\t \u00C2\u00A0variability\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0density,\t \u00C2\u00A0spacing,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0health\t \u00C2\u00A0damaging\t \u00C2\u00A0agents.\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0transformed\t \u00C2\u00A0standard\t \u00C2\u00A0should\t \u00C2\u00A0promote\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0resilience\t \u00C2\u00A0through\t \u00C2\u00A0genetically\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0structurally\t \u00C2\u00A0diverse\t \u00C2\u00A0managed\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0develop\t \u00C2\u00A0an\t \u00C2\u00A0enhanced\t \u00C2\u00A0free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0adequate\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0determining\t \u00C2\u00A0silvicultural\t \u00C2\u00A0success.\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 \t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 16\t \u00C2\u00A0Works\t \u00C2\u00A0Cited\t \u00C2\u00A0Bergerud,\t \u00C2\u00A0W.\t \u00C2\u00A0(2009,\t \u00C2\u00A0December).\t \u00C2\u00A0Looking\t \u00C2\u00A0ahead:\t \u00C2\u00A0Will\t \u00C2\u00A0Free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0produce\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0volumes\t \u00C2\u00A0we\t \u00C2\u00A0expect?\t \u00C2\u00A0BC,\t \u00C2\u00A0Canada:\t \u00C2\u00A0Ministry\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0Forests\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0Range.\t \u00C2\u00A0Coates,\t \u00C2\u00A0K.\t \u00C2\u00A0D.,\t \u00C2\u00A0&\t \u00C2\u00A0Woods,\t \u00C2\u00A0A.\t \u00C2\u00A0(2013,\t \u00C2\u00A0August\t \u00C2\u00A014).\t \u00C2\u00A0Are\t \u00C2\u00A0biotic\t \u00C2\u00A0disturbance\t \u00C2\u00A0agents\t \u00C2\u00A0challenging\t \u00C2\u00A0basic\t \u00C2\u00A0tenets\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0growth\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0yield\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0sustainable\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0management?\t \u00C2\u00A0Forestry,\t \u00C2\u00A0An\t \u00C2\u00A0International\t \u00C2\u00A0Journal\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0Foreest\t \u00C2\u00A0Research\t \u00C2\u00A0,\t \u00C2\u00A01-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u009012.\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0Practices\t \u00C2\u00A0Branch.\t \u00C2\u00A0(1999).\t \u00C2\u00A0Guidelines\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0developing\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0density\t \u00C2\u00A0management.\t \u00C2\u00A0Retrieved\t \u00C2\u00A0March\t \u00C2\u00A024,\t \u00C2\u00A02014,\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0BC\t \u00C2\u00A0Ministry\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0Forests:\t \u00C2\u00A0http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/publications/00083/sdm-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u009045.htm\t \u00C2\u00A0Martin,\t \u00C2\u00A0B.\t \u00C2\u00A0(2012,\t \u00C2\u00A0October).\t \u00C2\u00A0Free\t \u00C2\u00A0Growing\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0Rotation.\t \u00C2\u00A0BC\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0Professionals\t \u00C2\u00A0,\t \u00C2\u00A09.\t \u00C2\u00A0McWilliams,\t \u00C2\u00A0J.\t \u00C2\u00A0(2010).\t \u00C2\u00A0Are\t \u00C2\u00A0We\t \u00C2\u00A0Growing\t \u00C2\u00A0Lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0Pine\t \u00C2\u00A0Properly\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0British\t \u00C2\u00A0Columbia?\t \u00C2\u00A0Silviculture\t \u00C2\u00A0Magazine\t \u00C2\u00A0,\t \u00C2\u00A06-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00909.\t \u00C2\u00A0McWilliams,\t \u00C2\u00A0J.\t \u00C2\u00A0(2009).\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0Stewardship\t \u00C2\u00A0Plan\t \u00C2\u00A0Stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0Standards\t \u00C2\u00A0Evaluation.\t \u00C2\u00A0Victoria.\t \u00C2\u00A0McWilliams,\t \u00C2\u00A0J.,\t \u00C2\u00A0&\t \u00C2\u00A0McWilliams,\t \u00C2\u00A0E.\t \u00C2\u00A0(2009).\t \u00C2\u00A0A\t \u00C2\u00A0Review\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0Analysis\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0effect\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0BC's\t \u00C2\u00A0Current\t \u00C2\u00A0Stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0Standards\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0Stewardship.\t \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver:\t \u00C2\u00A0Association\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0BC\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0Professionals.\t \u00C2\u00A0Ministry\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0Forests\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0Range.\t \u00C2\u00A0(2006).\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0State\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0British\t \u00C2\u00A0Columbia's\t \u00C2\u00A0Forests.\t \u00C2\u00A0Victoria,\t \u00C2\u00A0BC,\t \u00C2\u00A0Canada:\t \u00C2\u00A0Library\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0Archives\t \u00C2\u00A0Canada\t \u00C2\u00A0Cataloguing\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0Publication\t \u00C2\u00A0Data.\t \u00C2\u00A0Omule,\t \u00C2\u00A0A.\t \u00C2\u00A0Y.\t \u00C2\u00A0(2013,\t \u00C2\u00A0November).\t \u00C2\u00A0A\t \u00C2\u00A0Framework\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0Implementing\t \u00C2\u00A0Young\t \u00C2\u00A0Stand\t \u00C2\u00A0Monitoring\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0British\t \u00C2\u00A0Columbia.\t \u00C2\u00A0BC,\t \u00C2\u00A0Canada.\t \u00C2\u00A0Powelson,\t \u00C2\u00A0A.\t \u00C2\u00A0(2012).\t \u00C2\u00A0How\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0use\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0term\t \u00C2\u00A0\"free\t \u00C2\u00A0growing\"\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0British\t \u00C2\u00A0Columbia\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0linked\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0harvest\t \u00C2\u00A0date\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0assessment\t \u00C2\u00A0date.\t \u00C2\u00A0Governement\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0British\t \u00C2\u00A0Columbia,\t \u00C2\u00A0Resource\t \u00C2\u00A0Practices\t \u00C2\u00A0Branch.\t \u00C2\u00A0Governement\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0British\t \u00C2\u00A0Columbia.\t \u00C2\u00A0Province\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0British\t \u00C2\u00A0Columbia.\t \u00C2\u00A0(2014).\t \u00C2\u00A0RESULTS.\t \u00C2\u00A0Retrieved\t \u00C2\u00A0March\t \u00C2\u00A015,\t \u00C2\u00A02014,\t \u00C2\u00A0from\t \u00C2\u00A0Government\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0British\t \u00C2\u00A0Columbia\t \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t \u00C2\u00A0FLNRO\t \u00C2\u00A0Resource\t \u00C2\u00A0Practices:\t \u00C2\u00A0http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/his/results/\t \u00C2\u00A0Schaberg,\t \u00C2\u00A0P.\t \u00C2\u00A0G.,\t \u00C2\u00A0DeHayes,\t \u00C2\u00A0D.\t \u00C2\u00A0H.,\t \u00C2\u00A0Hawley,\t \u00C2\u00A0G.\t \u00C2\u00A0J.,\t \u00C2\u00A0&\t \u00C2\u00A0Niijensohn,\t \u00C2\u00A0S.\t \u00C2\u00A0E.\t \u00C2\u00A0(2008).\t \u00C2\u00A0Anthropogenic\t \u00C2\u00A0alterations\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0genetic\t \u00C2\u00A0diversity\t \u00C2\u00A0within\t \u00C2\u00A0tree\t \u00C2\u00A0populations:\t \u00C2\u00A0Implications\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0ecosystem\t \u00C2\u00A0resilience.\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0Ecology\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0Mangement\t \u00C2\u00A0,\t \u00C2\u00A0256\t \u00C2\u00A0(5),\t \u00C2\u00A0855-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090862.\t \u00C2\u00A0Snetsinger,\t \u00C2\u00A0J.\t \u00C2\u00A0(2011).\t \u00C2\u00A0Monitoring\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0Imporve\t \u00C2\u00A0Management\t \u00C2\u00A0Practice\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0Juvenile\t \u00C2\u00A0Lodgepole\t \u00C2\u00A0Pine\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0British\t \u00C2\u00A0Columbia.\t \u00C2\u00A0Silviculture\t \u00C2\u00A0Magazine\t \u00C2\u00A0,\t \u00C2\u00A06-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00909.\t \u00C2\u00A0Woods,\t \u00C2\u00A0A.,\t \u00C2\u00A0&\t \u00C2\u00A0Bergerud,\t \u00C2\u00A0W.\t \u00C2\u00A0(2008).\t \u00C2\u00A0Are\t \u00C2\u00A0Free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Growing\t \u00C2\u00A0stands\t \u00C2\u00A0meeting\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0productivity\t \u00C2\u00A0expectations\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0lakes\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0supply\t \u00C2\u00A0area.\t \u00C2\u00A0Government\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0British\t \u00C2\u00A0Columbia,\t \u00C2\u00A0Sustainability\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0Range\t \u00C2\u00A0Resources\t \u00C2\u00A0Through\t \u00C2\u00A0Science\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0Stewardship.\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0&\t \u00C2\u00A0Range\t \u00C2\u00A0Evaluation\t \u00C2\u00A0Program.\t \u00C2\u00A0Woods,\t \u00C2\u00A0A.,\t \u00C2\u00A0Bergerud\t \u00C2\u00A0,\t \u00C2\u00A0W.,\t \u00C2\u00A0Zeglen,\t \u00C2\u00A0S.,\t \u00C2\u00A0&\t \u00C2\u00A0Barber,\t \u00C2\u00A0F.\t \u00C2\u00A0(2011).\t \u00C2\u00A0Monitoiring\t \u00C2\u00A0Post-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Free-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Growing\t \u00C2\u00A0stand\t \u00C2\u00A0conditions\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0Five\t \u00C2\u00A0Timber\t \u00C2\u00A0Supply\t \u00C2\u00A0Areas\t \u00C2\u00A0Throughout\t \u00C2\u00A0British\t \u00C2\u00A0Columbia:\t \u00C2\u00A0What\t \u00C2\u00A0are\t \u00C2\u00A0we\t \u00C2\u00A0seeing\t \u00C2\u00A0so\t \u00C2\u00A0far?\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0&\t \u00C2\u00A0Range\t \u00C2\u00A0Evalutaion\t \u00C2\u00A0Program\t \u00C2\u00A0,\t \u00C2\u00A018,\t \u00C2\u00A01-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00907.\t \u00C2\u00A0Zeglen,\t \u00C2\u00A0S.,\t \u00C2\u00A0&\t \u00C2\u00A0Weaver,\t \u00C2\u00A0D.\t \u00C2\u00A0(2012).\t \u00C2\u00A0How\t \u00C2\u00A0are\t \u00C2\u00A0our\t \u00C2\u00A0Stands\t \u00C2\u00A0Performing\t \u00C2\u00A0Post\t \u00C2\u00A0Free\t \u00C2\u00A0Growing?\t \u00C2\u00A0Early\t \u00C2\u00A0Coastal\t \u00C2\u00A0Experience.\t \u00C2\u00A0Stand\t \u00C2\u00A0Development\t \u00C2\u00A0Monitoring\t \u00C2\u00A0.\t \u00C2\u00A0BC,\t \u00C2\u00A0Canada:\t \u00C2\u00A0Coastal\t \u00C2\u00A0Silviculture\t \u00C2\u00A0Committee.\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 17\t \u00C2\u00A0Appendix\t \u00C2\u00A0A:\t \u00C2\u00A0Key\t \u00C2\u00A0Tests\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0Stewardship\t \u00C2\u00A0Plan\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standard\t \u00C2\u00A0proposals\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0Test\t \u00C2\u00A01\t \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u0093\t \u00C2\u00A0Initial\t \u00C2\u00A0High-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Level\t \u00C2\u00A0Test\t \u00C2\u00A0A\t \u00C2\u00A0high-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090level\t \u00C2\u00A0review\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0all\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0proposed\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0ensure\t \u00C2\u00A0there\t \u00C2\u00A0are\t \u00C2\u00A0no\t \u00C2\u00A0obvious\t \u00C2\u00A0omissions\t \u00C2\u00A0or\t \u00C2\u00A0issues\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0will\t \u00C2\u00A0not\t \u00C2\u00A0allow\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0approvals.\t \u00C2\u00A0This\t \u00C2\u00A0test\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0not\t \u00C2\u00A0intended\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0replace\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0tests\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0follow\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0Test\t \u00C2\u00A02\t \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u0093\t \u00C2\u00A0Ecological\t \u00C2\u00A0Suitability\t \u00C2\u00A0Test\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0Reference\t \u00C2\u00A0Guide\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0FDP\t \u00C2\u00A0Stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0Standards\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0considered\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0starting\t \u00C2\u00A0point\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0this\t \u00C2\u00A0test.\t \u00C2\u00A0Licensees\t \u00C2\u00A0can\t \u00C2\u00A0also\t \u00C2\u00A0use\t \u00C2\u00A0appropriately\t \u00C2\u00A0applied\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0credible\t \u00C2\u00A0new\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0emerging\t \u00C2\u00A0information\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0Test\t \u00C2\u00A03\t \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u0093\t \u00C2\u00A0Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0Health\t \u00C2\u00A0Test\t \u00C2\u00A0The\t \u00C2\u00A0key\t \u00C2\u00A0criteria\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0this\t \u00C2\u00A0test\t \u00C2\u00A0should\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0species\t \u00C2\u00A0acceptability\t \u00C2\u00A0based\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0known\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0health\t \u00C2\u00A0factors\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0Test\t \u00C2\u00A04\t \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u0093\t \u00C2\u00A0Economically\t \u00C2\u00A0valuable\t \u00C2\u00A0supply\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0Focuses\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0value\t \u00C2\u00A0(not\t \u00C2\u00A0volume)\t \u00C2\u00A0based\t \u00C2\u00A0on\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0proposed\t \u00C2\u00A0species\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0associated\t \u00C2\u00A0potential\t \u00C2\u00A0risk\t \u00C2\u00A0with\t \u00C2\u00A0respect\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0future\t \u00C2\u00A0options\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0products\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0values.\t \u00C2\u00A0While\t \u00C2\u00A0this\t \u00C2\u00A0test\t \u00C2\u00A0acknowledges\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0difficulties\t \u00C2\u00A0associated\t \u00C2\u00A0with\t \u00C2\u00A0assessing\t \u00C2\u00A0these\t \u00C2\u00A0future\t \u00C2\u00A0values,\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0assumption\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0maintaining\t \u00C2\u00A0or\t \u00C2\u00A0enhancing\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0mix\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0species\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0considered\t \u00C2\u00A0a\t \u00C2\u00A0reasonable\t \u00C2\u00A0strategy\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0Test\t \u00C2\u00A05\t \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u0093\t \u00C2\u00A0Consistency\t \u00C2\u00A0with\t \u00C2\u00A0Timber\t \u00C2\u00A0Supply\t \u00C2\u00A0Review\t \u00C2\u00A0To\t \u00C2\u00A0facilitate\t \u00C2\u00A0good\t \u00C2\u00A0forest\t \u00C2\u00A0management,\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0standards\t \u00C2\u00A0should\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0linked\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0local\t \u00C2\u00A0assumptions\t \u00C2\u00A0for\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0sustainability\t \u00C2\u00A0of\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0flows\t \u00C2\u00A0over\t \u00C2\u00A0time.\t \u00C2\u00A0Accordingly,\t \u00C2\u00A0standards\t \u00C2\u00A0that\t \u00C2\u00A0are\t \u00C2\u00A0consistent\t \u00C2\u00A0with\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0latest\t \u00C2\u00A0timber\t \u00C2\u00A0supply\t \u00C2\u00A0review\t \u00C2\u00A0(TSR)\t \u00C2\u00A0should\t \u00C2\u00A0be\t \u00C2\u00A0considered\t \u00C2\u00A0acceptable\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0(McWilliams,\t \u00C2\u00A02009)\t \u00C2\u00A0 \t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0 18\t \u00C2\u00A0Appendix\t \u00C2\u00A0B:\t \u00C2\u00A0Stand\t \u00C2\u00A0Development\t \u00C2\u00A0Monitoring\t \u00C2\u00A0(SDM)\t \u00C2\u00A0protocols\t \u00C2\u00A0Data\t \u00C2\u00A0Collection\t \u00C2\u00A0consist\t \u00C2\u00A0of:\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A01. Overview\t \u00C2\u00A0statistics\t \u00C2\u00A0(context)\t \u00C2\u00A0a. Polygons\t \u00C2\u00A0sampled,\t \u00C2\u00A0polygon\t \u00C2\u00A0attributes,\t \u00C2\u00A0coverages,\t \u00C2\u00A0etc.\t \u00C2\u00A02. Forest\t \u00C2\u00A0Health\t \u00C2\u00A0a. Pest\t \u00C2\u00A0incidence\t \u00C2\u00A0by\t \u00C2\u00A0host\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0by\t \u00C2\u00A0BEC\t \u00C2\u00A0unit,\t \u00C2\u00A0etc.\t \u00C2\u00A03. Stand\t \u00C2\u00A0Density\t \u00C2\u00A0a. Changes\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0stocking\t \u00C2\u00A0(TT,\t \u00C2\u00A0WS,\t \u00C2\u00A0and\t \u00C2\u00A0FG)\t \u00C2\u00A0etc.\t \u00C2\u00A04. Species\t \u00C2\u00A0Composition\t \u00C2\u00A0a. Changes\t \u00C2\u00A0in\t \u00C2\u00A0leading\t \u00C2\u00A0species,\t \u00C2\u00A0BA\t \u00C2\u00A0representation\t \u00C2\u00A05. Site\t \u00C2\u00A0Index\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0(Zeglen\t \u00C2\u00A0&\t \u00C2\u00A0Weaver,\t \u00C2\u00A02012)\t \u00C2\u00A0 \t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t \u00C2\u00A02:\t \u00C2\u00A0Flowchart\t \u00C2\u00A0demonstrating\t \u00C2\u00A0how\t \u00C2\u00A0the\t \u00C2\u00A0data\t \u00C2\u00A0collected\t \u00C2\u00A0is\t \u00C2\u00A0put\t \u00C2\u00A0to\t \u00C2\u00A0use\t \u00C2\u00A0(from\t \u00C2\u00A0Zeglen\t \u00C2\u00A0&\t \u00C2\u00A0Weaver,\t \u00C2\u00A02012)\t \u00C2\u00A0\t \u00C2\u00A0"@en . "Graduating Project"@en . "10.14288/1.0075576"@en . "eng"@en . "Unreviewed"@en . "Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library"@en . "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 Canada"@en . "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ca/"@en . "Undergraduate"@en . "University of British Columbia. FRST 497"@en . "British Columbia (BC)"@en . "Free\u00E2\u0080\u0090growing"@en . "Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta)"@en . "Monoculture"@en . "Reforestation"@en . "Regeneration"@en . "Silviculture"@en . "Timber Supply Review (TSR)"@en . "Stand Development Monitoring (SDM)"@en . "Young Stand Monitoring (YSM)"@en . "The effectiveness of free-growing lodgepole pine plantations in British Columbia"@en . "Text"@en . "http://hdl.handle.net/2429/50626"@en .