"Science, Faculty of"@en . "Oceans and Fisheries, Institute for the"@en . "DSpace"@en . "University of British Columbia. Fisheries Centre"@en . "Forrest, Robyn E."@en . "Sea Around Us Project"@en . "2015-03-31T18:07:02Z"@en . "2003-09"@en . "Rediscovering Ecopath in the Kerguelen Islands (Maria Lourdes D. Palomares). ICES 2003 Annual Science Conference. The Sea Around Us expands its European links (Dirk Zeller). Letter to the editor: Aquaculture in the Philippines (Josh E. Moncrieff)."@en . "https://circle.library.ubc.ca/rest/handle/2429/52584?expand=metadata"@en . "Sea Around UsThe Sea Around Us Project NewsletterIssue 19 \u00E2\u0080\u0093 September/October 2003Unfortunately,this reallyisn\u00E2\u0080\u0099t about anexploratory expedition tothe Kerguelen Islands(though I would have lovedfor it to be!). Rather, DanielPauly and I went to Paris toattend the workshop onmodeling the Kerguelenecosystem (Figure 1), heldat the Mus\u00C3\u00A9um Nationald\u00E2\u0080\u0099Histoire Naturelle(MNHN) in late September2003. This was one of therare occasions whereDaniel delivered anEcopath course in hisnative tongue. Incidentally,some of the participantswere not aware that Danielis French and they arrivedarmed with English uptheir sleeves, greetingDaniel in their best English.When Daniel responded inFrench, they were all amazedto have discovered acompatriot. That immed-iately broke the ice, pavingthe way to a successfulworkshop and to Daniel\u00E2\u0080\u0099stwo-day lecture on Ecopathwith Ecosim being receivedwith keen interest. Partici-pants included represent-atives from the Centred\u00E2\u0080\u0099Etudes Biologiques deChiz\u00C3\u00A9; l\u00E2\u0080\u0099Observatoire Oc\u00C3\u00A9an-ologique de Villefranche surMer; L\u00E2\u0080\u0099Universit\u00C3\u00A9 du LittoralC\u00C3\u00B4te d\u00E2\u0080\u0099Opale; the Centre deGeostatistique of the \u00C3\u0089coleNationale Sup\u00C3\u00A9rieure desMines; the Universit\u00C3\u00A9 deRennes 1; and of course, ourpartners from the MNHNGuy Duhamel and PatricePruvost.We might ask why theMNHN is interested inkeeping an eye on theseislands, part of the FrenchAntarctic territories. In theearly 20th century, the largenumber of marine mammalsaround Kerguelenarchipelago (notably spermwhales, elephant seals andfur seals) was the target of afishery which continueduntil the late 1960s - whenwhaling as a whole wasbanned (IWC 1994). In the1970s, the Soviet Unionstarted bottom trawling,targeting marbled rockcod,mackerel icefish and greyrockcod without anymanagement or control (G.Duhamel, pers. com.). Then,in 1978, an EEZ wasestablished, which led to thecreation and implement-ation of a fishery manage-ment scheme (Duhamel1995) which included a limitof seven trawlers. In 1984, astock of Patagonian toothfishwas discovered in the area,but it was not until 1996,when the Japanesediscovered a liking for thewhite tasty flesh of thetoothfish, that the industryswitched from bottom trawl-ing to longlining for tooth-fish (Duhamel 1993). Thishighly profitable fishery ledto the emergence of anillegal longline fishery in1997 which is now stilloperating. This longliningproduces large bycatch ofother fish species, e.g.macrourids and skates, andalso seabirds (Capdeville andDuhamel 1996), as well asmarine mammals (e.g. orcas).Why \u00E2\u0080\u0098rediscover\u00E2\u0080\u0099 Ecopath inthe title of this account? Well,because I did rediscoverEcopath. The last time I usedthis modeling approachextensively was for my Ph. D.\u0001\u0002\u0003\u0004\u0005\u0006\u0007\u0008\u0002\t\u0004\u000B\u000C\u0001\u0002\u0003\u0004\u0005\u0006\u0007\u000C\u0004\u000E\u0002\u000C\u000F\u0002\t\u000B\u0010\u0002\u0011\u0002\u000C\u0012\u0005\u0011\u0013\u0003\u0005\u0008\t\u000B\u0005\u000C\u0005\u000E\u0003\u000F\u000C\u0010\u0011\u0012\u0013\u0014\u0015\u0005\u0016\u0003\u0017\u0005\u000C\u0011\u0012Figure 1. The Kerguelen Islands (andExclusive Economic Zone), acomponent of the French AntarcticTerritories. Continued on page 2 - Kerguelen\u0015\u0005\u0018\u0011\u0019\u001A\u0011\u0005\u001B\u000C\u0003\u000F\u001C\u0010\u001D\u0012\u001E\u001A\u0011\u0004\u0006\u0011\u0017\u0008\u0011\u000C\u001F \u0002\u0006\u0003\u0008\u0011\u000C\u0019!!\"The Sea Around Us project newsletter ispublished by the Fisheries Centre at the Uni-versity of British Columbia.Included with theFisheries Centre\u00E2\u0080\u0099sn e w s l e t t e rFishBytes,six is-sues of this news-letter are pub-lished annually.Subscriptions arefree of charge.Our mailing address is:UBC Fisheries Centre, 6660 NW Marine Drive,Bldg 022, Vancouver, British Columbia,Canada, V6T 1Z4. Our fax number is (604)822-8934, and our email address isSeaNotes@fisheries.ubc.ca. All queries (in-cluding reprint requests), subscription re-quests, and address changes should be ad-dressed to Robyn Forrest, Sea Around UsNewsletter Editor.The Sea Around Us website may be foundat saup.fisheries.ubc.ca and contains up-to-date information on the project.thesis in 1991. The objective ofmy latest visit to MNHN was tohelp Patrice Pruvost and GuyDuhamel improve the KerguelenEEZ model that Patrice and Istarted during his February 2003visit to Vancouver. This entailedre-examination of thepreliminary model (presented atthe workshop on ModellingAntarctic Ecosystems held at theFisheries Centre in April 2003 andto be included as a contributionin the Fisheries Centre ResearchReport for that workshop). Thisproved to be a very successful\u00E2\u0080\u0098bug hunting\u00E2\u0080\u0099 process and wewere able to fine-tune some ofthe parameter estimates of theKerguelen ecosystem. ThoughEcopath\u00E2\u0080\u0099s \u00E2\u0080\u0098look\u00E2\u0080\u0099 has changedsince 1991, its recognizableinterface allowed me to navigatethrough the routines withouthaving to shout \u00E2\u0080\u0098HELP\u00E2\u0080\u0099 to a far-away Villy Christensen.Thus in the end, Patrice was ableto present a well balanced modelto the workshop participants.This elicited constructivecomments and suggestions and,aside from some minor adjust-ments to the parameter est-imates of a few major groups, theparticipants all agreed thatthis model represented theKerguelen ecosystem well.They also agreed that afollow-up workshopfocusing on testingdifferent fishing scenariosand simulations usingEcosim and Ecospace is alogical progression to thiseffort.References IWC (1994) Reports of theInternational WhalingCommission. IWC Report No. 44. Duhamel, G. (1993) CampagnesSKALP 1987 et 1988 aux \u00C3\u00AElesKerguelen \u00C3\u00A0 bord des navires\u00E2\u0080\u009CSKIF\u00E2\u0080\u009D et \u00E2\u0080\u009CKALPER\u00E2\u0080\u009D. InstitutFran\u00C3\u00A7ais pour la Recherche et laTechnologie Polaires. Rapportsdes campagnes \u00C3\u00A0 la mer N\u00C2\u00B0 93-01.614pp. (2 Vol.). Duhamel, G. (1995) Gestion desp\u00C3\u00AAches aux \u00C3\u00AEles Kerguelen. Rech.mar. 13: 16-17. Capdeville, D. and G. Duhamel(1996) By-catch in the longlinefishery on the Kerguelen shelfslope (Division 58.5.1) during the1994/1995 and 1995/1996cruises. Commission for theConservation of Antarctic MarineLiving Resources (CCAMLRScience). 4: WG-FSA-96/11.1996, 11, 6 pp.Kerguelen - Continued from page 1\u0014\u0007\u0007\u0015\u000C\u0001\u0002\u0008\u0004\u0002\u0016\u0017\u0015\u0007\u0016\u0004\u0004\u001C\u0011G46\u0012\u0007\u0011\u000C\u0011\u0012\u001C$\u000C\u0012\u0012This book, by Stuart J. Green andcolleagues, highlights the currentcrisis facing Philippine fisheriestoday. In itsown words, itsobjectives areto highlightthe role offisheries infood security inthe Philippines;measure thelarge economicrole played byfisheries and other coastalresources; illustrate what is lostfrom the destruction of fisheriesand habitats; and thus provideadvice and support to decision-makers. It does this clearly andconcisely, making good use ofgraphics. With a foreword byEdgardo Gomez, Pew Fellow inMarine Conservation andProfessor at the Marine ScienceInstitute, University of thePhilippines, this book will be avaluable source of information foranyone concerned aboutsustaining the fisheries of thePhilippines.Reference Green, S.J., A.T. White, J.O. Flores,M.F. Carreon III and A.E. Sia. 2003.Philippine Fisheries in Crisis: Aframework for management. CoastalResource Management Project of theDepartment of Environment andNatural Resources, Cebu City,Philippines, 77pp. ... theparticipantsall agreedthat thismodelrepresentedtheKerguelenecosystemwell ...The Sea Around Us project is a Fisheries Centre partner-ship with the Pew Charitable Trusts of Philadelphia,USA. The Trusts support nonprofit activities in the areasof culture, education, the environment, health and humanservices, public policy and religion. Based in Philadelphia, theTrusts make strategic investments to help organisations andcitizens develop practical solutions to difficult problems. In 2000,with approximately $4.8 billion in assets, the Trusts committedover $235 million to 302 nonprofit organisations.\u0015\u0005\u0018\u0011\" \u001A\u0011\u0005\u001B\u000C\u0003\u000F\u001C\u0010\u001D\u0012\u001E\u001A\u0011\u0004\u0006\u0011\u0017\u0008\u0011\u000C\u001F \u0002\u0006\u0003\u0008\u0011\u000C\u0019!!\"This year\u00E2\u0080\u0099s ICESAnnual Scienceconference was held inTallinn, Estonia, one of thethree small Baltic Statessandwiched between Russiaand Poland. The primepurpose for this trip was topresent to the Europeanfisheries science and advisorycommunity a paper of the keyfindings andrecommendations of ourproject to date. Additionally, Iarranged to meet with localscientists in order to establishcooperative workingrelationships for our fisheriesdata-recovery efforts. Estoniaand the other Baltic states(Latvia and Lithuania)represent a special challengefor improving global fisheriestime series, given that theybecame independentcountries only with thedissolution of the formerUSSR. Thus, prior to the early1990 catches taken byEstonian, Latvian andLithuanian vessels werereported as part of USSRcatches within the FAOstatistics.The conference was wellattended, with 200 papers and41 posters presented in 15theme sessions over four days.While major emphasis wasplaced (for geographicallyobvious reasons) on the BalticSea, topics ranged from thetraditional (fisheriestechnology and stockassessment) to moreprogressive and holisticthemes such as stock recoveryand reference points. Oneinteresting point was the factthat the president of ICES(Pentti M\u00C3\u00A4lkki) in his openingremarks, as well as all threekeynote addresses, by FredrikWulff (University of Stockholm,Sweden), Randall Peterman(Simon Fraser University,Canada) and John Caddy(Mexico), while coveringdiverging topics, all made a pleafor the urgent need forscientists to improvecommunication outside of thedirect science forum, especiallywith decision makers and thepublic. Judging by the amountof media and high-level briefingexposure our project hasachieved so far (see publicationand media records listed on ourweb page: www.saup.fisheries.ubc.ca), it seems we areon the right track and ahead ofthe curve in this area.Other highlights of theconference were the themesessions on long-term changesin spatial distribution andabundance, recovery planning,and reference points. The paperI presented was titled \u00E2\u0080\u009CTowardssustainable fisheries: mappingregional and global trends inabundance and catches\u00E2\u0080\u009D, andsummarized the major projectfindings to date. I also outlinedsome of the solutions wepropose for the global fisheriescrisis, with major emphasis onreduction of overcapacity, andon the need for ecosystemrecovery through theestablishment of no-take zonesof substantial size (Pauly et al.2002; Russ and Zeller 2003).An additional outcome of thisEuropean visit was theestablishment of co-operationwith local scientists in our datarecovery efforts. Thus, I met withDr. Henn Ojaveer (EstonianMarine Institute), the author of apaper on Estonian fisheriescatches in Baltic waters from 1928to 1995 (Ojaveer 1999), and withDr. Maris Plikshs (Latvian FisheriesResearch Institute), who dealswith Latvian fisheries catches.Attempts continue to try toextend this collaboration toLithuania.On a lighter note, it was pleasingto see that an establishedorganization like ICES has not lostits sense of humour, as evidencedby a poster contribution entitled\u00E2\u0080\u009CStaying in tune with ourecosystem\u00E2\u0080\u009D, authored by noneother than \u00E2\u0080\u009CJ. Bach, G. Mahler, F.Schubert and Co-author Charlie\u00E2\u0080\u009D,and submitted for the imaginarytheme session, \u00CE\u00A3 , on \u00E2\u0080\u009CEcosystemTuning Management\u00E2\u0080\u009D. Theauthors allege that \u00E2\u0080\u009Can excitingnew scientific area has emergedin hydroacoustics: the tuning ofvarious fish species. Tuning hasbeen performed for many yearswith data, but now a small groupof scientists has started tuningthe fish themselves.\u00E2\u0080\u009D The authorsfurther present a simplemathematical formula designedto assist in individual scale-tuningof fish. The equation, replicatedbelow (without permission) hasbeen passed on to the Fisheries\u0012\u0018\u0019\u001A\u000C\u001B\u001C\u001C\u001D\u000C\u001E\u0010\u0013\u0011\u000C\u001A\u0006\u0004\u0002\u0006\u0002\u0018\u0007\u001F\u0002\t\u0002\u0006\u0002 \u000E\u0002\u000C\u001A\u0011\u0005\u001B\u000C\u0003\u000F\u001C\u0010\u001D\u0012\u0002!\"\u0013\u0003\u0005\u000C\u0004\u0005\u000C\u0019\u0010\t\u0007\"\u0002\u0013\u000C\u0011\u0004\u0015\u0005\u0008\t\u0013\u000C%&\u0011\u0016\u0016\u0011\u000CJudging bytheamount ofmedia andhigh levelbriefingexposureour projecthasachievedso far [...] itseems weare on theright trackand aheadof thecurve inthis area.Continued on page 4 - ICES\u0015\u0005\u0018\u0011'\u001A\u0011\u0005\u001B\u000C\u0003\u000F\u001C\u0010\u001D\u0012\u001E\u001A\u0011\u0004\u0006\u0011\u0017\u0008\u0011\u000C\u001F \u0002\u0006\u0003\u0008\u0011\u000C\u0019!!\"Your recent article, \u00E2\u0080\u0098SalmonFarming in Chile\u00E2\u0080\u0099 (SeaAround Us, Issue 18),depicts a state of affairs that is inmany ways very similar to what Iobserved on a recent six-monthstint in the Philippines. I spentthis time as a research internwith the TambuyogDevelopment Center \u00E2\u0080\u0093 a leadingPhilippine Non-GovernmentalOrganisation (NGO) in coastalcommunity development -studying the effects of thenation\u00E2\u0080\u0099s aquaculture industryupon its artisanal fishers. Mywork revealed a widespreadignorance towards the rights ofartisanal fishers and towardsenvironmental protection as awhole, and indicated that thePhilippines\u00E2\u0080\u0099 coastal communitiesshare many of the same worriesas their Chilean counterparts. The Philippines \u00E2\u0080\u0093 a nationextremely dependent upon itscoastal resources - has recentlyseen a dramatic increase inmarine aquaculture production.While this growth has generallybeen cast in a positive light,centred on the belief thataquaculture will lead to foodsecurity and economic growth,the nation\u00E2\u0080\u0099s artisanal fishers arehighly susceptible to its lessdesirable results, and thus haverecently seen their livelihoodcome under significant pressure.\u000E\u0011\u0006\u0006\u0011\u000C\u0006\u0003\u0006\u0007\u0011\u0011\u0010\u0006\u0003\u000C\u0017\u001E#\u0010\u0013\u0006\u0010\u0011\u0010\t\u0002\u000C\u0004\u000C\u000E\u0002\u000C$\u000E\u0004\u0011\u0004\"\"\u0004\u0002\u0005\u0008\t(\u0003\u0012\u0007\u0001\u0014\u000B\u0003\u001C\u0002\u000C\u0011))ICES - Continued from page 3 As things stand, the threatpresented by aquaculturedevelopment comes in a varietyof forms. Many of the potentialdownsides of intensive andsemi-intensive fish farming \u00E2\u0080\u0093including physical, chemical,and biological pollution \u00E2\u0080\u0093 arewidely acknowledged, and wellrepresented in your article onChile. Additionally, develop-ment of the Philippines\u00E2\u0080\u0099 coasthas resulted in widespreaddestruction of mangroves in therush to develop fish-ponds.Another concern commonlyexpressed by artisanal fishers isthat as large, high-value, farmedfish become increasinglyprevalent, the demand forsmaller fish \u00E2\u0080\u0093 those that can stillbe caught in significantquantities in the wild - willsharply decrease. This wouldinevitably lead to lower pricesfor their wild catch, and acorresponding decrease in theirincome. While many artisanal fishersin the Philippines would like tosee a decrease in aquacultureactivity, it seems unlikely thatthe industry\u00E2\u0080\u0099s growth will beslowed or stopped bygovernment intervention. It ismore realistic to hope thatindustry, NGOs, andcommunity-basedorganizations of fishers will takea more active role in managingthis development to ensure thatartisanal fishers are not drivenaway from their traditionallivelihoods. In addition toensuring that soundenvironmental practices areadhered to, a variety ofapproaches should beconsidered. These would includegranting coastal property rightsto artisanal fishers and theircommunities, improving accessto sources of credit in coastalcommunities, expanding fishers\u00E2\u0080\u0099access to education and training,and developing alternativelivelihoods to ease the transitionfrom fisheries for those thatdesire to follow such a path.While such efforts would notsingle-handedly bring socio-economic parity to thePhilippines\u00E2\u0080\u0099 marginalizedartisanal fishers, they could playan essential role in the process ofbeginning to recognize theneeds and rights of this portionof the Philippines\u00E2\u0080\u0099 population.Josh Moncrieff is a UBC graduate,with a degree in oceanography.In 2002, he began a CIDA-fundedinternship in the Philippinescoordinated by the InternationalMarine Institute of MemorialUniversity, Newfoundland.He is now a Masters studentat the University of Calgary.Centre\u00E2\u0080\u0099s own Prof Carl Waltersfor further modellingexploration and incorporationinto Ecopath!Note that \u00CF\u0088 is a scale-densityparameter for summer-spawning herring west of 62o N,Smean is the mean scaleHzApamean rsonlyoddyeacdefgabeHASGFS73.014159.3?lim290903.1 ))(67))957114.7((/(ln \u00E2\u0088\u0092\u00CE\u00A0\u00C2\u00B1\u00E2\u0089\u00A0\u00E2\u0089\u00A4\u00E2\u0088\u0082\u00E2\u0088\u0082\u00E2\u0088\u0092= \u00E2\u0088\u00AB \u00CE\u00BE\u00CF\u0088equilibrium coefficient at 47.341oK (Pasteur Institute), \u00CE\u00BE is theaverage off-key level, and \u00CE\u00A0 isthere for mathematical effect.\u00E2\u0080\u009DHappy fish tuning!References Ojaveer, H. 1999. Exploitation ofBiological Resources of the BalticSea by Estonia in 1928-1995.Limnologica 29, 224-226. Pauly, D., V. Christensen, S.Gu\u00C3\u00A9nette, T.J. Pitcher, U.R. Sumaila,C.J. Walters, R. Watson and D. Zeller.2002. Towards sustainability inworld fisheries. Nature 418, 689-695. Russ, G.R. and D. Zeller. 2003.From Mare Liberum to MareReservarum. Marine Policy 27,75-78.Philippines\u00E2\u0080\u0099coastalcommunitiesshare manyof the sameworries astheirChileancounterparts"@en . "Other"@en . "10.14288/1.0107321"@en . "eng"@en . "Unreviewed"@en . "Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library"@en . "University of British Columbia. Fisheries Centre"@en . "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 Canada"@en . "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ca/"@en . "Faculty"@en . "Researcher"@en . "Graduate"@en . "Sea Around Us Project--Periodicals"@en . "Fisheries--Periodicals"@en . "Marine ecology--Periodicals"@en . "The Sea Around Us project newsletter. Issue 19 (September/October 2003)"@en . "Text"@en . "http://hdl.handle.net/2429/52584"@en .