"Land and Food Systems, Faculty of"@en . "DSpace"@en . "UBCV"@en . "Tse, Tiffany"@en . "2014-06-18T14:21:16Z"@en . "2014-03-22"@en . "https://circle.library.ubc.ca/rest/handle/2429/47017?expand=metadata"@en . "Herd Size Impacts Dairy Goat Hoof Overgrowth Tiffany Tse Supervisor: Gosia Zobel MURC March 22, 2014 animal welfare program Why study dairy goats? Image credit: geoatlas.com, 2014 Why study dairy goats? Worldwide: 26% increase (FAOSTAT, 2012) Image credit: geoatlas.com, 2014 Why study dairy goats? Worldwide: 26% increase (FAOSTAT, 2012) Top 3 continents: (FAOSTAT, 2012) \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Asia \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Africa \u00EF\u0082\u0097 South America Image credit: geoatlas.com, 2014 Why study dairy goats? Canada: 43% increase (AAFC, 2006) USA: 24% increase (USDA, 2012) Image credit: geoatlas.com, 2014 Why study dairy goats? Canada: 43% increase (AAFC, 2006) USA: 24% increase (USDA, 2012) Image credit: geoatlas.com, 2014 Lack of knowledge: hoof health Hoof Health Issues \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Abnormal behaviour Hoof overgrowth can indirectly lead to: Image credit: goatworld.com, 2013 \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Abnormal behaviour \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Lameness \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Milk production? (Chapinal et al., 2013) Hoof overgrowth can indirectly lead to: Hoof Health Issues \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Abnormal behaviour \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Lameness \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Milk production? (Chapinal et al., 2013) \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Diseases Hoof overgrowth can indirectly lead to: Hoof Health Issues Prevention requires: \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Trained workers \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Trimming Image credits: fiascofarm.com, 2012 (right) blog.fairview.co.za, 2014 (left) Hoof Health Issues \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Herd sizes increase = focus on milk production \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Hoof health not primary focus Hoof Health Issues Objective \u00EF\u0082\u0097 To determine the impact of herd size on hoof overgrowth Data collected as part of larger project, and results are in preparation. Please contact Gosia Zobel (g_zobel@yahoo.ca for most recent analysis). Experimental Design \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Seven Ontario commercial farms \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Herd size: 100 \u00E2\u0080\u0093 650 milking does \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Mean number of animals sampled = 61\u00C2\u00B127 What overgrows on hooves? Image credit: tractorsupply.com, 2014 What overgrows on hooves? Image credit: tractorsupply.com, 2014 Toe What overgrows on hooves? Image credit: tractorsupply.com, 2014 Toe Sidewall What overgrows on hooves? Image credit: tractorsupply.com, 2014 Toe Sidewall Sole What overgrows on hooves? Image credit: tractorsupply.com, 2014 Toe Sidewall Claw Sole What overgrows on hooves? Image credit: tractorsupply.com, 2014 Toe Sidewall Claw Sole What overgrows on hooves? Image credit: tractorsupply.com, 2014 Measurements: Hoof Scores TOE length and presence/absence of curling \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Scale 1 \u00E2\u0080\u0093 4 Score Status 1 Recent trim Measurements: Hoof Scores Score Status 1 Recent trim 2 Slight overgrowth, no curling TOE length and presence/absence of curling \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Scale 1 \u00E2\u0080\u0093 4 Measurements: Hoof Scores Score Status 1 Recent trim 2 Slight overgrowth, no curling 3 Overgrowth, curling TOE length and presence/absence of curling \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Scale 1 \u00E2\u0080\u0093 4 Measurements: Hoof Scores Score Status 1 Recent trim 2 Slight overgrowth, no curling 3 Overgrowth, curling 4 Severe overgrowth, curling TOE length and presence/absence of curling \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Scale 1 \u00E2\u0080\u0093 4 Score Status 1 Recent trim Measurements: Claw Scores Image credit: Infovets.com, 2014 SIDEWALL growth and SOLE visibility \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Scale 1 \u00E2\u0080\u0093 3 Score Status 1 Recent trim 2 Sidewall overgrowth, sole visible Measurements: Claw Scores SIDEWALL growth and SOLE visibility \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Scale 1 \u00E2\u0080\u0093 3 Image credit: Infovets.com, 2014 Score Status 1 Recent trim 2 Sidewall overgrowth, sole visible 3 Sidewall overgrowth across claw, no sole visible Measurements: Claw Scores SIDEWALL growth and SOLE visibility \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Scale 1 \u00E2\u0080\u0093 3 Image credit: Infovets.com, 2014 Score Status 1 Recent trim 2 Sidewall overgrowth, sole visible 3 Sidewall overgrowth across claw, no sole visible Measurements: Claw Scores 3 1 SIDEWALL growth and SOLE visibility \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Scale 1 \u00E2\u0080\u0093 3 Image credit: Infovets.com, 2014 Statistical Analysis 1. Averaged scores per milking doe \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Front & rear = one hoof score \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Both claws = one claw score Statistical Analysis 1. Averaged scores per milking doe \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Front & rear = one hoof score \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Both claws = one claw score 2. Averaged scores for each farm Statistical Analysis 1. Averaged scores per milking doe \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Front & rear = one hoof score \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Both claws = one claw score 2. Averaged scores for each farm 3. Ran regression models to test impact of herd size on: \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Hoof score \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Claw score R\u00C2\u00B2 = 0.649 012340 200 400 600 800Average Hoof Score Herd Size (# of Milking Does) Results: Hoof Score * Results in preparation: Please contact Gosia Zobel (g_zobel@yahoo.ca) for most recent analysis R\u00C2\u00B2 = 0.9333 01230 200 400 600 800Average Claw Score Herd Size (# of Milking Does) Results: Claw Score * Results in preparation: Please contact Gosia Zobel (g_zobel@yahoo.ca) for most recent analysis Discussion \u00EF\u0082\u0097Most farms: as herd size grows, hoof score and claw scores increase \u00EF\u0082\u0097 However, the largest farm achieved low scores Conclusions \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Increasing herd size is associated with poorer hoof health Further Studies \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Examine farm management practices of the large farm that achieved good hoof health: Further Studies \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Examine farm management practices of the large farm that achieved good hoof health: \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Worker training \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Trimming schedule \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Cleanliness of pens Further Studies \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Expand monitoring to include more farms \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Especially more large farms Take-home Message As farmers expand their herd sizes, they must continue to ensure their goats have healthy hooves by having proper management. Acknowledgements Supervisor: \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Gosia Zobel Research methods course professors and teaching assistant: \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Dr. Dan Weary \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Dr. Nina von Keyserlingk \u00EF\u0082\u0097 Joanna Makowska animal welfare program References Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC). 2006. Canadian dairy goat industry profile. Online: http://www4.agr.gc.ca/resources/prod/doc/dairy/pdf/goatprofile.pdf (accessed on Mar. 17, 2014). Chapinal, N., M.A.G. von Keyserlingk, R.L.A. Cerri, K. Ito, S.J. LeBlanc, and D.M. Weary. 2013. Short communication: Herd-level reproductive performance and its relationship with lameness and leg injuries in freestall dairy herds in the northeastern United States. J. Dairy Sci. 11:7066-7072. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAOSTAT). 2013. Livestock Primary. Online: http://faostat.fao.org/site/569/DesktopDefault.aspx? PageID=569#ancor (accessed on Mar. 14, 2014). United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). 2012. U.S. dairy goat operations. Online: http://www.aphis.usda.gov/animal_health/nahms/goats/ downloads/goat09/Goat09_is_DairyGoatOps.pdf (accessed on Mar. 14, 2014). Image Credits As indicated on slides: geoatlas.com, 2014 fiascofarm.com, 2012 blog.fairview.co.za, 2014 tractorsupply.com, 2014 infovets.com, 2014 All other photos: Gosia Zobel Thank you! "@en . "Presentation"@en . "10.14288/1.0228378"@en . "eng"@en . "Unreviewed"@en . "Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library"@en . "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.5 Canada"@en . "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.5/ca/"@en . "Undergraduate"@en . "University of British Columbia. Multidisciplinary Undergraduate Research Conference (MURC)"@en . "Zobel, Gosia"@en . "Herd size impacts dairy goat hoof overgrowth"@en . "Text"@en . "http://hdl.handle.net/2429/47017"@en .