"Applied Science, Faculty of"@en . "Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of"@en . "DSpace"@en . "Kay, Vanessa"@en . "2016-01-29T16:53:55"@en . "2010-09"@en . "Neighbourhood-serving\r\nurban\r\nshopping\r\nareas\r\nhave\r\ntraditionally\r\noffered\r\nlocal\r\nresidents\r\naccess\r\nto\r\nthe\r\nmost\r\nfrequently\r\nneeded\r\ngoods\r\nand\r\nservices,\r\nas\r\nwell\r\nas\r\nplaces\r\nto\r\nconnect\r\nand\r\nsocialize.\r\nSince\r\nthe\r\nmid-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u009020th\r\ncentury,\r\nhowever,\r\nthe\r\nurban\r\nretail\r\nlandscape\r\nhas\r\nundergone\r\nmajor\r\nchanges,\r\nincluding\r\nthe\r\nrise\r\nof\r\nregional\r\nshopping\r\nmalls\r\nand\r\nlarge\r\nformat\r\nretailers.\r\nThe\r\nimpact\r\nof\r\nthese\r\nshifts\r\non\r\nlower-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090order\r\nurban\r\nretail\r\nareas\r\nis\r\npoorly\r\nunderstood\r\nand\r\nseldom\r\nresearched,\r\nexcept\r\nin\r\ncases\r\nof\r\ndecline\r\ncharacterized\r\nby\r\nhigh\r\nvacancy\r\nrates\r\nand\r\ndeteriorating\r\nbuildings.\r\nNevertheless,\r\naccess\r\nto\r\nbasic\r\ngoods\r\nand\r\nservices\r\nwithin\r\nurban\r\nneighbourhoods\r\nremains\r\nan\r\nimportant\r\nequity\r\nissue\r\nand\r\na\r\ncatalyst\r\nfor\r\nstrong\r\ncommunities.\r\nRecent\r\nresearch\r\nindicates\r\nthat\r\nit\r\nis\r\nalso\r\na\r\ncritical\r\nfactor\r\nin\r\nsupporting\r\nlocal\r\nresilience\r\nand\r\npublic\r\nhealth. The\r\npurpose\r\nof\r\nthis\r\nstudy\r\nis\r\nto\r\ninvestigate\r\nthe\r\nevolving\r\nfunctions\r\nof\r\nVancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\r\nneighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\r\nserving\r\nshopping\r\nareas\r\nfrom\r\nthe\r\nend\r\nof\r\nthe\r\n1950s\r\nto\r\nthe\r\npresent.\r\nThis\r\ncritical\r\nperiod\r\nspans\r\nthe\r\nreplacement\r\nof\r\nthe\r\ncity\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\r\nstreetcar\r\nsystem\r\nby\r\ntrolley\r\nbuses,\r\nthe\r\nrise\r\nof\r\nregionally-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\r\nlarge-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\r\nformat\r\nretail,\r\nand\r\nthe\r\nemergence\r\nof\r\nsustainability\r\nas\r\na\r\npillar\r\nof\r\nplanning\r\npolicy.\r\nAnalysis\r\nof\r\nhistorical\r\noccupancy\r\ndata\r\nfrom\r\ncase\r\nstudy\r\nareas\r\nover\r\nthis\r\nperiod\r\ninforms\r\ngeneralizations\r\nabout\r\npast\r\nand\r\npresent\r\ntrends\r\nin\r\nthe\r\noverall\r\nnumber\r\nand\r\nmix\r\nof\r\nbusinesses\r\nsupported\r\nwithin\r\nVancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\r\nneighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\r\nshopping\r\nareas.\r\nFindings\r\nof\r\nthis\r\nreport\r\nare\r\nintended\r\nto\r\ninform\r\nfuture\r\npolicy\r\ndirections\r\nand\r\nplanning\r\nstrategies\r\nrelating\r\nto\r\nVancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\r\nlocal\r\nretail.\r\nWhile\r\nfindings,\r\nconclusions\r\nand\r\nrecommendations\r\nare\r\nspecific\r\nto\r\nthis\r\ncity,\r\ntrends\r\nfound\r\nin\r\nVancouver\r\nare\r\nalso\r\nrelevant\r\nto\r\ncircumstances\r\ndescribed\r\nwithin\r\nthe\r\nplanning\r\nliterature\r\nas\r\naffecting\r\nother\r\ncities\r\nin\r\nNorth\r\nAmerica\r\nand\r\nEurope."@en . "https://circle.library.ubc.ca/rest/handle/2429/29621?expand=metadata"@en . "\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Change\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Evolution\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0BC\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Professional\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Project\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Report\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vanessa\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Kay\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Masters\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Candidate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0School\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Regional\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0University\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0British\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Columbia,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Canada\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 i\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 TABLE\t\r \u00C2\u00A0OF\t\r \u00C2\u00A0CONTENTS\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................................................................i\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 EXECUTIVE\t\r \u00C2\u00A0SUMMARY .........................................................................................................................................i\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 1.0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 INTRODUCTION\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A61\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 2.0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 LITERATURE\t\r \u00C2\u00A0REVIEW............................................................................................................................. 2\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 2.1\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Sustainability\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Literature .................................................................................................................. 2\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Implications\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0GHG\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Reduction\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Post-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Carbon\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Resilience .....................................................................2\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Active\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Transportation\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Public\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Health .............................................................................................................3\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Social\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Cohesion\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Identity ....................................................................................................4\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Portland\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Example:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009CTwenty-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Minute\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighbourhood\u00E2\u0080\u009D\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Concept .....................................5\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 2.2\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Literature............................................................................................. 6\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Revitalization\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Literature.................................................................................................................................7\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 2.3\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Concepts .................................................................................................................. 7\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hierarchy/Levels\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail ..........................................................................................................................................8\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0vs.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Services..................................................................................................9\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Threshold\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Population....................................................................................................................................................9\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Trade\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Areas/\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Catchment........................................................................................................................................... 10\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 2.4\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Profile\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Completeness...............................................................................................10\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 3.0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0CONTEXTUAL\t\r \u00C2\u00A0REVIEW\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\u00E2\u0080\u00A6..12\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 3.1\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Policy .................................................................................................................13\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Amenity.......................................................................................................................................................... 14\t\r \u00C2\u00A0CityPlan\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centres................................................................................................................. 14\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Zoning................................................................................................................................................................................ 15\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 3.2\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Development\t\r \u00C2\u00A0History .......................................................................17\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 3.3\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Analysis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Periods...........................................................................................................18\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 3.4\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Selection\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Criteria...............................................................................................19\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 3.5\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Introduction\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Areas..........................................................................................20\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centre\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area................................................................................................................................ 21\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rupert\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A022nd\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area ............................................................................................................................. 25\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Charles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area .................................................................................................................. 28\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 4.0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 METHODS .................................................................................................................................................32\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 4.1\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Collection....................................................................................................................................32\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 4.2\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Analytical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Methods............................................................................................................................32\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 4.3\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Limitations\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data ............................................................................................................................34\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 5.0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 ANALYSIS\t\r \u00C2\u00A0AND\t\r \u00C2\u00A0FINDINGS .....................................................................................................................35\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 5.1\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Overall\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Numbers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Businesses.....................................................................................................36\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 5.2\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Mix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Profile:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Broad\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Categories ...........................................................................................40\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 5.3\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Mix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Profile:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Selected\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Specific\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Uses ..................................................................................44\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 6.0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 IMPLICATIONS .........................................................................................................................................48\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 6.1\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Story\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail ..................................................................................................48\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 6.2\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Policy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Implications\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Recommendations .............................................................................49\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 7.0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................51\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 GLOSSARY\t\r \u00C2\u00A0OF\t\r \u00C2\u00A0TERMS .......................................................................................................................................52\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 WORKS\t\r \u00C2\u00A0CITED.....................................................................................................................................................53\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 ii\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 TABLE\t\r \u00C2\u00A0OF\t\r \u00C2\u00A0FIGURES\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A01\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Map\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Contexts ........................................... 20\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A02\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Map\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centre\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area ...................................................................................................... 21\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A03\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Photo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Scott's\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Grocery,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centre\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(1923) ....................................................................................... 24\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A04\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Photo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centre,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01932 ......................................................................................................................... 24\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A05\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Map\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rupert\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A022nd\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area ................................................................................................... 25\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A06\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Map\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Charles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area ........................................................................................ 28\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A07\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Number\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Businesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Over\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Time\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(Chart) ..................................................... 36\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A08\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Annual\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Percentage\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Change\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Number\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Businesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0over\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Time\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(Chart) ................................. 37\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A09\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Photo:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0SE\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Corner\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rupert\t\r \u00C2\u00A0St.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0E.\t\r \u00C2\u00A022nd\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ave.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(1980s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A01990s) ..................................................... 39\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A010\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Photo:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0SE\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Corner\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rupert\t\r \u00C2\u00A0St.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0E.\t\r \u00C2\u00A022nd\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ave.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(2010)....................................................................... 39\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A011\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Photo:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0NW\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Corner\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rupert\t\r \u00C2\u00A0St.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0E.\t\r \u00C2\u00A022nd\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ave.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(1970s) .................................................................. 39\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A012\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Photo:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0NW\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Corner\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rupert\t\r \u00C2\u00A0St.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0E.\t\r \u00C2\u00A022nd\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ave.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(2010) .................................................................... 39\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A013\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centre\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Mix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Use\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Categories\t\r \u00C2\u00A0over\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Time\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(Chart)........................................ 41\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A014\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rupert\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A022nd\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Mix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Use\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Categories\t\r \u00C2\u00A0over\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Time\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(Chart) ................................... 41\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A015\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Charles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Mix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Use\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Categories\t\r \u00C2\u00A0over\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Time\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(Chart) .......................... 41\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A016\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Photo:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Storefront\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Gateway\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Appraisal,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Street\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(2010) ..................................................... 43\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A017\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Photo:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Storefront\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0L3\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Design,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Street\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(2010) ....................................................................... 43\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A018\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Type\t\r \u00C2\u00A0over\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Time\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(Chart)............................................................................ 47\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 LIST\t\r \u00C2\u00A0OF\t\r \u00C2\u00A0APPENDICES\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Appendix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Characteristics\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Selected\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Appendix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0B:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Complete\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Set\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ground\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Codes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Occupancy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Appendix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Ground\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Codes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Mix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Categories\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Appendix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0D:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Coded\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Occupancy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Basic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Mix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Analysis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Count\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 i\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0This\t\r \u00C2\u00A0research\t\r \u00C2\u00A0was\t\r \u00C2\u00A0made\t\r \u00C2\u00A0possible\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0support\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0many\t\r \u00C2\u00A0key\t\r \u00C2\u00A0individuals.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Thanks\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Adjunct\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Professors\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ann\t\r \u00C2\u00A0McAfee\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Jay\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Wollenberg,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Distinguished\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Practice\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Professor\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Larry\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Beasley\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0taking\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0time\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offer\t\r \u00C2\u00A0suggestions\t\r \u00C2\u00A0which\t\r \u00C2\u00A0were\t\r \u00C2\u00A0very\t\r \u00C2\u00A0helpful\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shaping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0early\t\r \u00C2\u00A0stages\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0research.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Thanks\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Glenn\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Buholzer\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0his\t\r \u00C2\u00A0careful\t\r \u00C2\u00A0proofreading.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0complete\t\r \u00C2\u00A0set\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0ground\t\r \u00C2\u00A0codes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0developed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090based\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0consultant\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Lewis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Silberberg\t\r \u00C2\u00A0provided\t\r \u00C2\u00A0an\t\r \u00C2\u00A0invaluable\t\r \u00C2\u00A0basis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0coding\t\r \u00C2\u00A0case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0occupancy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Additional\t\r \u00C2\u00A0thanks\t\r \u00C2\u00A0go\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0staff\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Department\t\r \u00C2\u00A0who\t\r \u00C2\u00A0have\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offered\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0benefit\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0their\t\r \u00C2\u00A0experience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0insight.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Particular\t\r \u00C2\u00A0thanks\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0due\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090 Andy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Coupland,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planner,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Research\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090 Michelle\t\r \u00C2\u00A0McGuire,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planner,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0I\t\r \u00C2\u00A0am\t\r \u00C2\u00A0especially\t\r \u00C2\u00A0grateful\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Peter\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vaisbord,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planner,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Improvement\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Program,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0his\t\r \u00C2\u00A0interest\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0project,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0his\t\r \u00C2\u00A0pithy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0comments\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0draft\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0report,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0taking\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0time\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0serve\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0its\t\r \u00C2\u00A0second\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reader.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Finally,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0my\t\r \u00C2\u00A0heartfelt\t\r \u00C2\u00A0thanks\t\r \u00C2\u00A0go\t\r \u00C2\u00A0out\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dr.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Thomas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hutton,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0who\t\r \u00C2\u00A0has\t\r \u00C2\u00A0been\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0kind\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0inspirational\t\r \u00C2\u00A0advisor\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0professor\t\r \u00C2\u00A0at\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0School\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Regional\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0His\t\r \u00C2\u00A0assistance\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0both\t\r \u00C2\u00A0substantive\t\r \u00C2\u00A0subject\t\r \u00C2\u00A0matter\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0research\t\r \u00C2\u00A0methods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0has\t\r \u00C2\u00A0been\t\r \u00C2\u00A0invaluable.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 EXECUTIVE\t\r \u00C2\u00A0SUMMARY\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0have\t\r \u00C2\u00A0traditionally\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offered\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents\t\r \u00C2\u00A0access\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0most\t\r \u00C2\u00A0frequently\t\r \u00C2\u00A0needed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0well\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0places\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0connect\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0socialize.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Since\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mid-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u009020th\t\r \u00C2\u00A0century,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0however,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0landscape\t\r \u00C2\u00A0has\t\r \u00C2\u00A0undergone\t\r \u00C2\u00A0major\t\r \u00C2\u00A0changes,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0including\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0rise\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0regional\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0malls\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0large\t\r \u00C2\u00A0format\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retailers.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0impact\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0these\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shifts\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0lower-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090order\t\r \u00C2\u00A0urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0poorly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0understood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0seldom\t\r \u00C2\u00A0researched,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0except\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0cases\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0decline\t\r \u00C2\u00A0characterized\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0high\t\r \u00C2\u00A0vacancy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0rates\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0deteriorating\t\r \u00C2\u00A0buildings.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nevertheless,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0access\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0basic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0within\t\r \u00C2\u00A0urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhoods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0remains\t\r \u00C2\u00A0an\t\r \u00C2\u00A0important\t\r \u00C2\u00A0equity\t\r \u00C2\u00A0issue\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0catalyst\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0strong\t\r \u00C2\u00A0communities.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Recent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0research\t\r \u00C2\u00A0indicates\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0it\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0also\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0critical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0factor\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0supporting\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0resilience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0public\t\r \u00C2\u00A0health.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 ii\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0purpose\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0investigate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0evolving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0functions\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0end\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A01950s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0present.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0This\t\r \u00C2\u00A0critical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0period\t\r \u00C2\u00A0spans\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0replacement\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0streetcar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0system\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0trolley\t\r \u00C2\u00A0buses,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0rise\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0regionally-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0large-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090format\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0emergence\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sustainability\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0pillar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policy.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Analysis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0historical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0occupancy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0over\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0period\t\r \u00C2\u00A0informs\t\r \u00C2\u00A0generalizations\t\r \u00C2\u00A0about\t\r \u00C2\u00A0past\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0present\t\r \u00C2\u00A0trends\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0overall\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0Contextual\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Review\t\r \u00C2\u00A0concludes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0introducing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0five\t\r \u00C2\u00A0points\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0which\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0was\t\r \u00C2\u00A0collected\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(1955,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01970,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01985,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01998\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010),\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0well\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0selection\t\r \u00C2\u00A0criteria\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0three\t\r \u00C2\u00A0case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0three\t\r \u00C2\u00A0case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0follows:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centre\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0Supply\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Uses)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0facilitate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0analysis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mix.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Also\t\r \u00C2\u00A0discussed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0section\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0gaps\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0limitations\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0available\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 iv\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 research\t\r \u00C2\u00A0methods.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Foremost\t\r \u00C2\u00A0among\t\r \u00C2\u00A0these\t\r \u00C2\u00A0limitations\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0historical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0occupancy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0record\t\r \u00C2\u00A0only\t\r \u00C2\u00A0business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0names\t\r \u00C2\u00A0without\t\r \u00C2\u00A0other\t\r \u00C2\u00A0relevant\t\r \u00C2\u00A0information\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0period,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0critical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0everyday\t\r \u00C2\u00A0needs\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0nearby\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Key\t\r \u00C2\u00A0findings\t\r \u00C2\u00A0include\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0following:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 In\t\r \u00C2\u00A0all\t\r \u00C2\u00A0three\t\r \u00C2\u00A0case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0total\t\r \u00C2\u00A0numbers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shops\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0display\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0clear\t\r \u00C2\u00A0pattern\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0change\t\r \u00C2\u00A0over\t\r \u00C2\u00A0time.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dramatic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0decline\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0overall\t\r \u00C2\u00A0number\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0businesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0took\t\r \u00C2\u00A0place\t\r \u00C2\u00A0between\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0first\t\r \u00C2\u00A0two\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0points\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A01955\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A01970,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0was\t\r \u00C2\u00A0followed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0more\t\r \u00C2\u00A0gradual\t\r \u00C2\u00A0resurgence.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Between\t\r \u00C2\u00A01998\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0numbers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0businesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0increased\t\r \u00C2\u00A0across\t\r \u00C2\u00A0all\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0returning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0approximately\t\r \u00C2\u00A080%\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A01955\t\r \u00C2\u00A0levels\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0two\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0surpassing\t\r \u00C2\u00A01955\t\r \u00C2\u00A0levels\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0third\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Over\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0period,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0more\t\r \u00C2\u00A0widely-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0District\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centre\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(Dunbar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centre)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0consistently\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offered\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0greater\t\r \u00C2\u00A0proportion\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0higher-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090order\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0than\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0two\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centres\t\r \u00C2\u00A0did.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0However,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0businesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offering\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0made\t\r \u00C2\u00A0up\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shrinking\t\r \u00C2\u00A0proportion\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0businesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centre\t\r \u00C2\u00A0since\t\r \u00C2\u00A01970,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0lower-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090order\t\r \u00C2\u00A0convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0rising\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0prominence.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Numbers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dining\t\r \u00C2\u00A0establishments\t\r \u00C2\u00A0increased\t\r \u00C2\u00A0significantly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0over\t\r \u00C2\u00A0time\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0were\t\r \u00C2\u00A0subsequently\t\r \u00C2\u00A0redeveloped\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0other,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0more\t\r \u00C2\u00A0pedestrian-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090oriented\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 v\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Implications\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Recommendations\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0implications\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0research\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0twofold:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0it\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0insight\t\r \u00C2\u00A0into\t\r \u00C2\u00A0general\t\r \u00C2\u00A0patterns\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0trends\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0have\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shaped\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0since\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A01950s,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0it\t\r \u00C2\u00A0informs\t\r \u00C2\u00A0recommendations\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0future\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0directions.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Findings\t\r \u00C2\u00A0outline\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0narrative\t\r \u00C2\u00A0about\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0changing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0face\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090oriented\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0since\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A01950s.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0story\t\r \u00C2\u00A0begins\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0period\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0decline\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0leading\t\r \u00C2\u00A0up\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A01970s,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0time\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0increasing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0automobile\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dependence.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0subsequent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0resurgence\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0numbers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0businesses,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0particularly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0those\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offering\t\r \u00C2\u00A0convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0suggests\t\r \u00C2\u00A0positive\t\r \u00C2\u00A0implications\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0future\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0However,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0roles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0these\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0may\t\r \u00C2\u00A0have\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shifted\t\r \u00C2\u00A0over\t\r \u00C2\u00A0time.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0As\t\r \u00C2\u00A0suggested\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reduced\t\r \u00C2\u00A0importance\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shoppers\u00E2\u0080\u0099\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centre,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0higher-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090order\t\r \u00C2\u00A0functions\t\r \u00C2\u00A0may\t\r \u00C2\u00A0be\t\r \u00C2\u00A0increasingly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dominated\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0regionally-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shops\t\r \u00C2\u00A0outside\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas.1\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Current\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090wide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policies\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0generally\t\r \u00C2\u00A0supportive\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0an\t\r \u00C2\u00A0indirect\t\r \u00C2\u00A0way,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0calling\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0gentle\t\r \u00C2\u00A0densification\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0increased\t\r \u00C2\u00A0housing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0options\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0traditional\t\r \u00C2\u00A0single-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090family\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0However,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0strategies\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0specific\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhoods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0developed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0absence\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0clear\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090wide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0supporting\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0calling\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0preservation\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0use\t\r \u00C2\u00A0potential\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0historic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Therefore,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0report\t\r \u00C2\u00A0recommends\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0development\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090wide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0outlining\t\r \u00C2\u00A0specific\t\r \u00C2\u00A0strategies\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0preserving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0supporting\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0To\t\r \u00C2\u00A0inform\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0work,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0an\t\r \u00C2\u00A0update\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A01971\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Suburban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Study,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0perhaps\t\r \u00C2\u00A0building\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0present\t\r \u00C2\u00A0research,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0may\t\r \u00C2\u00A0be\t\r \u00C2\u00A0required.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0comprehensive\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Greenest\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Action\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Plan,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0currently\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0development,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0could\t\r \u00C2\u00A0provide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0an\t\r \u00C2\u00A0opportunity\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0set\t\r \u00C2\u00A0targets\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0identify\t\r \u00C2\u00A0actions\t\r \u00C2\u00A0related\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0addressing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0GHG\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reduction\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0resilience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0through\t\r \u00C2\u00A0robust\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0complete\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Incremental\t\r \u00C2\u00A0strategies\t\r \u00C2\u00A0could\t\r \u00C2\u00A0also\t\r \u00C2\u00A0be\t\r \u00C2\u00A0employed,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0such\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0supporting\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0analysis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0profiles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0through\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0existing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Improvement\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0program. \t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0Peter\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hume,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Lewis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Silberberg,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Impact\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Study:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Proposed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Wal-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Mart\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ancillary\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Space,\t\r \u00C2\u00A086\t\r \u00C2\u00A0S.E.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Marine\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Drive,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0B.C.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02002)\t\r \u00C2\u00A076,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0July\t\r \u00C2\u00A07,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 1\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 FULL\t\r \u00C2\u00A0REPORT\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 1.0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 INTRODUCTION\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 In\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0recent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0municipal\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0direction\t\r \u00C2\u00A0has\t\r \u00C2\u00A0prioritized\t\r \u00C2\u00A0livability\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sustainability,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0particularly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0terms\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0providing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0housing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0amenities\t\r \u00C2\u00A0near\t\r \u00C2\u00A0jobs.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0However,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0outside\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0downtown\t\r \u00C2\u00A0core\t\r \u00C2\u00A0has\t\r \u00C2\u00A0not\t\r \u00C2\u00A0been\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0subject\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0recent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0coordinated\t\r \u00C2\u00A0assessment\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0intervention.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0stability,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0composition\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0accessibility\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0locally-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0critical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0components\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0social\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0economic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0resilience.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Due\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0their\t\r \u00C2\u00A0walkability,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0orientation\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0public\t\r \u00C2\u00A0transit\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0proximity\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0housing,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0historical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0along\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0arterial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0streets\t\r \u00C2\u00A0may\t\r \u00C2\u00A0contribute\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0high\t\r \u00C2\u00A0levels\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0resilience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0within\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0International\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0research\t\r \u00C2\u00A0presents\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0narrative\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0widespread\t\r \u00C2\u00A0decline\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0inner-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090city\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0describes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0its\t\r \u00C2\u00A0overshadowing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0automobile-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090oriented,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0regionally-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0alternatives.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Meanwhile,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0an\t\r \u00C2\u00A0emerging\t\r \u00C2\u00A0body\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0literature\t\r \u00C2\u00A0spanning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0disciplines\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0economics,\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0first\t\r \u00C2\u00A0streetcar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0era\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A01950s,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0through\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0era\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0automobile\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dominance.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Following\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0review\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0background\t\r \u00C2\u00A0literature\t\r \u00C2\u00A0relating\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sustainability,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0development,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0an\t\r \u00C2\u00A0overview\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0development\t\r \u00C2\u00A0history\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policy,\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0used.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nonetheless,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0clear\t\r \u00C2\u00A0patterns\t\r \u00C2\u00A0emerge.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Findings\t\r \u00C2\u00A0concern\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0historically\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offered\t\r \u00C2\u00A0within\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0changing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0functions\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0these\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0over\t\r \u00C2\u00A0time.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0They\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offered\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0help\t\r \u00C2\u00A0inform\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0development\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0future\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0programs\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0promote\t\r \u00C2\u00A0robust,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0walkable\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0functional\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0landscapes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 2\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 2.0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 LITERATURE\t\r \u00C2\u00A0REVIEW\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Because\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0range\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0available\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0centres\t\r \u00C2\u00A0impact\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents\u00E2\u0080\u0099\t\r \u00C2\u00A0social\t\r \u00C2\u00A0experiences,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0daily\t\r \u00C2\u00A0patterns\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0transportation,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0how\t\r \u00C2\u00A0they\t\r \u00C2\u00A0define\t\r \u00C2\u00A0their\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhoods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0even\t\r \u00C2\u00A0how\t\r \u00C2\u00A0well\t\r \u00C2\u00A0they\t\r \u00C2\u00A0eat,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0literature\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sustainability\t\r \u00C2\u00A0informs\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0purpose\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0direction\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0research.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0first\t\r \u00C2\u00A0part\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0literature\t\r \u00C2\u00A0review\t\r \u00C2\u00A0examines\t\r \u00C2\u00A0links\t\r \u00C2\u00A0between\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0post-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090carbon\t\r \u00C2\u00A0resilience,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0active\t\r \u00C2\u00A0transportation,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0public\t\r \u00C2\u00A0health\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0social\t\r \u00C2\u00A0cohesion.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0second\t\r \u00C2\u00A0section\t\r \u00C2\u00A0outlines\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0assesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0applicability\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0key\t\r \u00C2\u00A0concepts\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0trends\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0fields\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0development.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Finally,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0review\t\r \u00C2\u00A0briefly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0explores\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0idea\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0profile\t\r \u00C2\u00A0completeness,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0applies\t\r \u00C2\u00A0it\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0question\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0what\t\r \u00C2\u00A0kinds\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0should\t\r \u00C2\u00A0be\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offered\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0functional\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090oriented\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 2.1\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Sustainability\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Literature\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Implications\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Greenhouse\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Gas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Reduction\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Post-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Carbon\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Resilience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0persuasive\t\r \u00C2\u00A0body\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0literature,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0currently\t\r \u00C2\u00A0emerging\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0multiple\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0Lot\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Smaller,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0economist\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Jeff\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rubin\t\r \u00C2\u00A0argues\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090dwellers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0necessarily\t\r \u00C2\u00A0face\t\r \u00C2\u00A0futures\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009Csmaller-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090scaled,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0walkable\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhoods\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\t\r \u00C2\u00A0built\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0rebuilt)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0suit\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0small\t\r \u00C2\u00A0new\t\r \u00C2\u00A0world.\u00E2\u0080\u009D6\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Everyday\t\r \u00C2\u00A0convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offered\t\r \u00C2\u00A0within\t\r \u00C2\u00A0walkable\t\r \u00C2\u00A0urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhoods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0linked\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0post-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090carbon\t\r \u00C2\u00A0resilience.7\t\r \u00C2\u00A0By\t\r \u00C2\u00A0providing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0accessible\t\r \u00C2\u00A0alternatives\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0some\t\r \u00C2\u00A0car-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090oriented\t\r \u00C2\u00A0regionally\t\r \u00C2\u00A0serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0businesses,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0functioning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0can\t\r \u00C2\u00A0contribute\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0greenhouse\t\r \u00C2\u00A0gas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reduction.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Lest\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0potential\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0shortages\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A02015,\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Guardian\t\r \u00C2\u00A0UK\t\r \u00C2\u00A0April\t\r \u00C2\u00A011\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010,.\t\r \u00C2\u00A03\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Patrick\t\r \u00C2\u00A0M.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Condon,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Seven\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rules\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Sustainable\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Communities:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Design\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Strategies\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Post\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Carbon\t\r \u00C2\u00A0World\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(Washington\t\r \u00C2\u00A0D.C.:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Island\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Press,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010).\t\r \u00C2\u00A04\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Anthony\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Perl,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"From\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Guest\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Editor,\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Journal\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Technology\t\r \u00C2\u00A014.2\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(2007):\t\r \u00C2\u00A01.\t\r \u00C2\u00A05\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Jeff\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rubin,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Why\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Your\t\r \u00C2\u00A0World\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0About\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Get\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Whole\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Lot\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Smaller\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(Toronto,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Canada:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Random\t\r \u00C2\u00A0House\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Canada,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02009).\t\r \u00C2\u00A06\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rubin,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0248.\t\r \u00C2\u00A07\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Anthony\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Perl\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Richard\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Gilbert,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Energy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Transport\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Futures\t\r \u00C2\u00A0University\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Calgary,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02005)\t\r \u00C2\u00A060.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 3\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 contributions\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0small-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090scale\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shops\t\r \u00C2\u00A0seem\t\r \u00C2\u00A0trivial,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0UK\t\r \u00C2\u00A0researcher\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Michael\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Carley\t\r \u00C2\u00A0estimates\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009C[e]ven\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0modest\t\r \u00C2\u00A0superstore\u00E2\u0080\u009D\t\r \u00C2\u00A0generates\t\r \u00C2\u00A01.5\t\r \u00C2\u00A0million\t\r \u00C2\u00A0vehicle\t\r \u00C2\u00A0movements\t\r \u00C2\u00A0per\t\r \u00C2\u00A0year.8\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Active\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Transportation\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Public\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Health\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sustainability\t\r \u00C2\u00A0implications\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0accessible\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0especially\t\r \u00C2\u00A0those\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offering\t\r \u00C2\u00A0groceries\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dining\t\r \u00C2\u00A0options,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0extend\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0improved\t\r \u00C2\u00A0public\t\r \u00C2\u00A0health.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0In\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A02009\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0based\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0New\t\r \u00C2\u00A0York\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0researchers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0found\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0access\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0healthy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0food\t\r \u00C2\u00A0stores\t\r \u00C2\u00A0correlated\t\r \u00C2\u00A0negatively\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0rates\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0obesity.9\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Access\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0grocery\t\r \u00C2\u00A0stores\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0restaurants\t\r \u00C2\u00A0not\t\r \u00C2\u00A0only\t\r \u00C2\u00A0improves\t\r \u00C2\u00A0access\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0healthy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0food\t\r \u00C2\u00A0but\t\r \u00C2\u00A0also\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0health\t\r \u00C2\u00A0benefits\t\r \u00C2\u00A0through\t\r \u00C2\u00A0increased\t\r \u00C2\u00A0levels\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0walking.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0For\t\r \u00C2\u00A0many\t\r \u00C2\u00A0decades,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0transportation\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0research\t\r \u00C2\u00A0has\t\r \u00C2\u00A0overlooked\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0trips\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0favour\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0focus\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0counting\t\r \u00C2\u00A0journey-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090to-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090work\t\r \u00C2\u00A0trips.10\t\r \u00C2\u00A0However,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0nonwork\t\r \u00C2\u00A0trips\t\r \u00C2\u00A0represent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0eighty\t\r \u00C2\u00A0percent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0all\t\r \u00C2\u00A0trips.11\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Therefore,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0when\t\r \u00C2\u00A0active\t\r \u00C2\u00A0transportation\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0used\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009Crunning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0errands\u00E2\u0080\u009D\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shops,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents'\t\r \u00C2\u00A0activity\t\r \u00C2\u00A0levels\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0significantly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0impacted.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Health\t\r \u00C2\u00A0impacts\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0accessing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0through\t\r \u00C2\u00A0active\t\r \u00C2\u00A0transportation\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0quantified\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0recent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0studies\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0investigating\t\r \u00C2\u00A0links\t\r \u00C2\u00A0between\t\r \u00C2\u00A0accessible\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0destinations\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0active\t\r \u00C2\u00A0transportation.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0In\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A02006\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0King\t\r \u00C2\u00A0County,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0WA\t\r \u00C2\u00A0seeking\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0identify\t\r \u00C2\u00A0measurable\t\r \u00C2\u00A0attributes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0thresholds\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0walkable\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhoods,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Moudon\t\r \u00C2\u00A0et\t\r \u00C2\u00A0al.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0found\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"popular\t\r \u00C2\u00A0walking\t\r \u00C2\u00A0destinations,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0based\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0proportion\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0respondents\t\r \u00C2\u00A0who\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reported\t\r \u00C2\u00A0walking\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0them\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0weekly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0basis,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0included\t\r \u00C2\u00A0grocery\t\r \u00C2\u00A0stores\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(45.9%),\t\r \u00C2\u00A0non-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090fast\t\r \u00C2\u00A0food\t\r \u00C2\u00A0restaurants\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(23.0%),\t\r \u00C2\u00A0drug\t\r \u00C2\u00A0stores\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(19.2%),\t\r \u00C2\u00A0convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0stores\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(16.3%),\t\r \u00C2\u00A0banks\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(15.8%),\t\r \u00C2\u00A0caf\u00C3\u00A9s/coffee\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shops\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(15.0%),\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0post\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offices\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(12.8%)\"12\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0These\t\r \u00C2\u00A0types\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0destinations\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0all\t\r \u00C2\u00A0typical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0tenants\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090oriented\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0centres.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Likewise,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A02007\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Cerin\t\r \u00C2\u00A0et\t\r \u00C2\u00A0al.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0used\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Australian\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0American\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0demonstrate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents\u00E2\u0080\u0099\t\r \u00C2\u00A0access\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0certain\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0destinations\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(including\t\r \u00C2\u00A0food\t\r \u00C2\u00A0stores,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0stores,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0post\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offices\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0cafes)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0strongly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0determined\t\r \u00C2\u00A0their\t\r \u00C2\u00A0levels\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"transport-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090related\t\r \u00C2\u00A0walking.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0They\t\r \u00C2\u00A0found\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A08\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Carley\t\r \u00C2\u00A0M,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Kirk\t\r \u00C2\u00A0K,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0McIntosh\t\r \u00C2\u00A0S,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retailing,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Sustainability\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Regeneration\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(York,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0UK:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Joseph\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rowntree\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Foundation,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02001)\t\r \u00C2\u00A08.\t\r \u00C2\u00A09\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rundle,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0et\t\r \u00C2\u00A0al,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Neighborhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0food\t\r \u00C2\u00A0environment\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0walkability\t\r \u00C2\u00A0predict\t\r \u00C2\u00A0obesity\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0New\t\r \u00C2\u00A0York\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City,\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Environmental\t\r \u00C2\u00A0health\t\r \u00C2\u00A0perspectives\t\r \u00C2\u00A0117.3\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(2009):\t\r \u00C2\u00A0442.\t\r \u00C2\u00A010\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Robin\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Law,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Beyond\t\r \u00C2\u00A0'women\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0transport':\t\r \u00C2\u00A0towards\t\r \u00C2\u00A0new\t\r \u00C2\u00A0geographies\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0gender\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0daily\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mobility,\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Progress\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Human\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Geography\t\r \u00C2\u00A023.4\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(1999):\t\r \u00C2\u00A0570.\t\r \u00C2\u00A011\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Surface\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Transportation\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Policy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Project,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Census\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Journey\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Work,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02002)\t\r \u00C2\u00A01.\t\r \u00C2\u00A012\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0V.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Moudon,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0et\t\r \u00C2\u00A0al,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Operational\t\r \u00C2\u00A0definitions\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0walkable\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighborhood:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0theoretical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0empirical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0insights,\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Journal\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Physical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Activity\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Health\t\r \u00C2\u00A03\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(2006):\t\r \u00C2\u00A0104.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 4\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 importance\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0accessible\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0destinations\t\r \u00C2\u00A0far\t\r \u00C2\u00A0exceeded\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0importance\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0access\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0recreational\t\r \u00C2\u00A0facilities\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0influencing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0levels\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0transport-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090related\t\r \u00C2\u00A0walking.13\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Social\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Cohesion\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Identity\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Because\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0comfortable\t\r \u00C2\u00A0walking\t\r \u00C2\u00A0distance\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0daily\t\r \u00C2\u00A0errands\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0so\t\r \u00C2\u00A0small\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(typically\t\r \u00C2\u00A0estimated\t\r \u00C2\u00A0at\t\r \u00C2\u00A0400\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u0093\t\r \u00C2\u00A0500\t\r \u00C2\u00A0meters),\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0walkability\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0intimately\t\r \u00C2\u00A0linked\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0its\t\r \u00C2\u00A0social\t\r \u00C2\u00A0experience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0identity.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Moudon\t\r \u00C2\u00A0et\t\r \u00C2\u00A0al.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0found\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0among\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0American\t\r \u00C2\u00A0populations\t\r \u00C2\u00A0they\t\r \u00C2\u00A0studied\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009C[p]erception\t\r \u00C2\u00A0measures\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\t\r \u00C2\u00A0pointed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0small\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(less\t\r \u00C2\u00A0than\t\r \u00C2\u00A01\t\r \u00C2\u00A0km)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighborhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0geographic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0extent.\u00E2\u0080\u009D14\t\r \u00C2\u00A0This\t\r \u00C2\u00A0suggests\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0people\t\r \u00C2\u00A0most\t\r \u00C2\u00A0strongly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0identity\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0they\t\r \u00C2\u00A0can\t\r \u00C2\u00A0traverse\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0foot.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0importance\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0social\t\r \u00C2\u00A0cohesion\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0equity\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0addressed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A02001\t\r \u00C2\u00A0UK-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090based\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Michael\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Carley\t\r \u00C2\u00A0et\t\r \u00C2\u00A0al.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0After\t\r \u00C2\u00A0examining\t\r \u00C2\u00A0several\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0studies,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0authors\t\r \u00C2\u00A0recommend\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0range\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0solutions\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0strengthen\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0centres,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0including\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090level\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0strategies.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0authors\t\r \u00C2\u00A0note\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0special\t\r \u00C2\u00A0value\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0walkable\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0elders,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0children,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0infirm\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0low-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090income\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents\t\r \u00C2\u00A0without\t\r \u00C2\u00A0access\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0cars.15\t\r \u00C2\u00A0One\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0principal\t\r \u00C2\u00A0contributions\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0publication\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0its\t\r \u00C2\u00A0insistence\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0often\t\r \u00C2\u00A0experienced\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0its\t\r \u00C2\u00A0community-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090building\t\r \u00C2\u00A0functions.18\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sociologist\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ray\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Oldenburg\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0McIntosh\t\r \u00C2\u00A0S,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01.\t\r \u00C2\u00A017\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rob\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Gurwitt,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Light\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Oxford,\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Mother\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Jones\t\r \u00C2\u00A0May/June\t\r \u00C2\u00A02000:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0April\t\r \u00C2\u00A025,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0quoted\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Jay\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Walljasper,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Great\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighborhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Book:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Do-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090it-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Yourself\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Guide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Placemaking\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(Gabriola\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Island,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0BC,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Canada:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0New\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Society\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Publishers,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02007)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0103.\t\r \u00C2\u00A018\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Walljasper,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0102.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 5\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 used\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0term\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"third\t\r \u00C2\u00A0places\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0describe\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neutral\t\r \u00C2\u00A0spaces\t\r \u00C2\u00A0outside\t\r \u00C2\u00A0home\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0work\t\r \u00C2\u00A0where\t\r \u00C2\u00A0community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0members\t\r \u00C2\u00A0meet,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0socialize\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0share\t\r \u00C2\u00A0information.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0In\t\r \u00C2\u00A0his\t\r \u00C2\u00A0book\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Great\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Good\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Place:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Cafes,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Coffee\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shops,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centers,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Beauty\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Parlors,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0General\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Stores,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Bars,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hangouts,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0How\t\r \u00C2\u00A0They\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Get\t\r \u00C2\u00A0You\t\r \u00C2\u00A0through\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Day\",\t\r \u00C2\u00A0he\t\r \u00C2\u00A0argues\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0successful\t\r \u00C2\u00A0third\t\r \u00C2\u00A0places\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0essential\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0social\t\r \u00C2\u00A0well-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090being\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0even\t\r \u00C2\u00A0democracy,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0their\t\r \u00C2\u00A0success\t\r \u00C2\u00A0depends\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0their\t\r \u00C2\u00A0easy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0accessibility\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0pedestrians.19\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Portland\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Example:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009CTwenty-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Minute\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighbourhood\u00E2\u0080\u009D\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Concept\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Portland,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Oregon\t\r \u00C2\u00A0defines\t\r \u00C2\u00A0well-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090functioning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0critical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0aspect\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sustainable\t\r \u00C2\u00A0communities.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0ongoing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0development\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0its\t\r \u00C2\u00A0long-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090range\t\r \u00C2\u00A0development\t\r \u00C2\u00A0plan\t\r \u00C2\u00A0will\t\r \u00C2\u00A0draw\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0concept\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"twenty-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090minute\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhoods\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0guide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0decisions.20\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0Vancouver-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090based\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planner\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Larry\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Beasley,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0modern\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090building\t\r \u00C2\u00A0may\t\r \u00C2\u00A0not\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sufficiently\t\r \u00C2\u00A0understand\t\r \u00C2\u00A0how\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0create\t\r \u00C2\u00A0complete,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0walkable\t\r \u00C2\u00A0communities\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0include\t\r \u00C2\u00A0accessible\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services.25\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0Parlors,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0General\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Stores,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Bars,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hangouts,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0How\t\r \u00C2\u00A0They\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Get\t\r \u00C2\u00A0You\t\r \u00C2\u00A0through\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Day\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(New\t\r \u00C2\u00A0York:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Paragon\t\r \u00C2\u00A0House,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01991).\t\r \u00C2\u00A020\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Portland\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Bureau\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Sustainability,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Status\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Report:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Twenty-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Minute\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighborhoods,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02009)\t\r \u00C2\u00A01.\t\r \u00C2\u00A021\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Portland\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Bureau\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Sustainability,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02.\t\r \u00C2\u00A022\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Portland\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Bureau\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Sustainability,\t\r \u00C2\u00A06.\t\r \u00C2\u00A023\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Portland\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Bureau\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Sustainability,\t\r \u00C2\u00A04.\t\r \u00C2\u00A024\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Portland\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Bureau\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Sustainability,\t\r \u00C2\u00A06.\t\r \u00C2\u00A025\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Larry\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Beasley,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Interview\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(Former\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Co-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Director\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retired:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010).\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 6\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 2.2\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Literature\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Analytical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0approaches\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090level\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0development\t\r \u00C2\u00A0have\t\r \u00C2\u00A0been\t\r \u00C2\u00A0rare.26\t\r \u00C2\u00A0As\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0result,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0how\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0function\t\r \u00C2\u00A0within\t\r \u00C2\u00A0urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhoods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0not\t\r \u00C2\u00A0well\t\r \u00C2\u00A0established.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Likewise,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0evolution\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0these\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0centres\u00E2\u0080\u0099\t\r \u00C2\u00A0roles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0over\t\r \u00C2\u00A0time\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0demographic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0changes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0surrounding\t\r \u00C2\u00A0community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0not\t\r \u00C2\u00A0well\t\r \u00C2\u00A0understood.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0While\t\r \u00C2\u00A0locally-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090oriented\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Canadian\t\r \u00C2\u00A0urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0context\t\r \u00C2\u00A0has\t\r \u00C2\u00A0not\t\r \u00C2\u00A0been\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0subject\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0much\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dedicated\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0literature\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0UK\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0US\t\r \u00C2\u00A0presents\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0general\t\r \u00C2\u00A0narrative\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0decline\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0inner-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090city,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0locally-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090oriented\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0since\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mid-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u009020th\t\r \u00C2\u00A0century\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0favour\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0more\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dispersed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0larger-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090format\t\r \u00C2\u00A0regional\t\r \u00C2\u00A0oriented\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shops.27,28\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Describing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0huge\t\r \u00C2\u00A0extent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0these\t\r \u00C2\u00A0ongoing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0changes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0UK\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0landscape,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Michael\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Carley\t\r \u00C2\u00A0notes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0advent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0large\t\r \u00C2\u00A0superstores\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0malls,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0consolidation\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A070\t\r \u00C2\u00A0per\t\r \u00C2\u00A0cent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0food\t\r \u00C2\u00A0spend\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0large\t\r \u00C2\u00A0multiple\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retailers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0preference\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0car-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090based\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0have\t\r \u00C2\u00A0meant\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0more\t\r \u00C2\u00A0than\t\r \u00C2\u00A060,000\t\r \u00C2\u00A0small\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shops\t\r \u00C2\u00A0disappear\t\r \u00C2\u00A0every\t\r \u00C2\u00A0decade.29\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Since\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0advent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0car-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090oriented\t\r \u00C2\u00A0suburban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0malls,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0systems\t\r \u00C2\u00A0were\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dramatically\t\r \u00C2\u00A0restructured\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"[r]etail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0capital\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\t\r \u00C2\u00A0had\t\r \u00C2\u00A0begun\t\r \u00C2\u00A0rapidly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0flow\t\r \u00C2\u00A0out\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0traditional\t\r \u00C2\u00A0centres\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0inner\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city\".30\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A01998\t\r \u00C2\u00A0staff\t\r \u00C2\u00A0report\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Council\t\r \u00C2\u00A0observed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0since\t\r \u00C2\u00A01980\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009Csupermarkets\t\r \u00C2\u00A0[had]\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u0098thinned\t\r \u00C2\u00A0out\u00E2\u0080\u0099,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0stores\t\r \u00C2\u00A0farther\t\r \u00C2\u00A0apart,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0particularly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0east\t\r \u00C2\u00A0side.\u00E2\u0080\u009D\t\r \u00C2\u00A0In\t\r \u00C2\u00A0addition,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0new\t\r \u00C2\u00A0supermarkets\t\r \u00C2\u00A0have\t\r \u00C2\u00A0tended\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0be\t\r \u00C2\u00A0larger,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0greatest\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reductions\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0small\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0medium-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090sized\t\r \u00C2\u00A0stores.31\t\r \u00C2\u00A0American\t\r \u00C2\u00A0researcher\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Stacy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Mitchell\t\r \u00C2\u00A0notes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0average\t\r \u00C2\u00A0trip\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0store\t\r \u00C2\u00A0[in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0USA]\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0now\t\r \u00C2\u00A0about\t\r \u00C2\u00A0three\t\r \u00C2\u00A0miles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0longer\t\r \u00C2\u00A0than\t\r \u00C2\u00A0it\t\r \u00C2\u00A0was\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A01990.\"32\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Despite\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reports\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0demise\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0relocalization\t\r \u00C2\u00A0movement\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0also\t\r \u00C2\u00A0underway,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0informed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0recent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0warnings\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0scarce\t\r \u00C2\u00A0resources\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0end\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0Service\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Change\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Six\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Cities\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(Virginia\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Polytechnic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Institute\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0State\t\r \u00C2\u00A0University:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Center\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Housing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Research,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01999)\t\r \u00C2\u00A05.\t\r \u00C2\u00A027\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Carley\t\r \u00C2\u00A0M,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Kirk\t\r \u00C2\u00A0K,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0McIntosh\t\r \u00C2\u00A0S,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A028\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Koebel.\t\r \u00C2\u00A029\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Carley\t\r \u00C2\u00A0M,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Kirk\t\r \u00C2\u00A0K,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0McIntosh\t\r \u00C2\u00A0S,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0v.\t\r \u00C2\u00A030\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0N.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Wrigley\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0MS\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Lowe,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Reading\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0geographical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0perspective\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retailing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0consumption\t\r \u00C2\u00A0spaces,\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(2002):\t\r \u00C2\u00A0136.\t\r \u00C2\u00A031\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Patricia\t\r \u00C2\u00A0French\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Cathy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Buckham,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Supermarkets\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01998).\t\r \u00C2\u00A032\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Stacy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Mitchell,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Miles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Driven\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Continues\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Climb,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0But\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Pace\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Slows,\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0New\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rules\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Project\t\r \u00C2\u00A0May\t\r \u00C2\u00A06,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0June\t\r \u00C2\u00A027,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A033\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Walljasper,\t\r \u00C2\u00A086.\t\r \u00C2\u00A034\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Walljasper,\t\r \u00C2\u00A096.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 7\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Revitalization\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Literature\t\r \u00C2\u00A0In\t\r \u00C2\u00A0response\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0declining\t\r \u00C2\u00A0fortunes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0many\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0districts,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0rich\t\r \u00C2\u00A0literature\t\r \u00C2\u00A0specializes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0strategies\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0revitalizing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0severely\t\r \u00C2\u00A0troubled\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0centres.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Typical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0revitalization\t\r \u00C2\u00A0programs\t\r \u00C2\u00A0include\t\r \u00C2\u00A0aesthetic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0improvements\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0streetscapes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0storefronts,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0well\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0forming\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Improvement\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Associations\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0engage\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retailers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0cooperative\t\r \u00C2\u00A0branding,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0marketing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planning.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A01975\t\r \u00C2\u00A0guidebook\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Revitalization\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Districts\t\r \u00C2\u00A0prepared\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Toronto-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090based\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u0098Project:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009CSaving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Small\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Business\u00E2\u0080\u009D\u00E2\u0080\u0098\t\r \u00C2\u00A0exemplifies\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0approach:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009CPerceptions\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0[retail]\t\r \u00C2\u00A0strip\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dull,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0outdated\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0inefficient\t\r \u00C2\u00A0must\t\r \u00C2\u00A0be\t\r \u00C2\u00A0overcome\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0programs\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0revitalization\t\r \u00C2\u00A0through\t\r \u00C2\u00A0cooperation\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0selfawareness.\u00E2\u0080\u009D35,36\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0majority\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0centres\t\r \u00C2\u00A0outside\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0downtown\t\r \u00C2\u00A0do\t\r \u00C2\u00A0not\t\r \u00C2\u00A0currently\t\r \u00C2\u00A0appear\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0suffer\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0same\t\r \u00C2\u00A0degree\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dysfunction\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0typical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0subjects\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0regeneration\t\r \u00C2\u00A0literature.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0For\t\r \u00C2\u00A0instance,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Michael\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Carley\t\r \u00C2\u00A0describes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009Cnear-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090derelict\t\r \u00C2\u00A0precincts\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0high\t\r \u00C2\u00A0streets,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0boarded-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090up\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shops,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0which\t\r \u00C2\u00A0become\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0focus\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0anti-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090social\t\r \u00C2\u00A0activity.\u00E2\u0080\u009C37\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Therefore,\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0summarized\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0follows:\t\r \u00C2\u00A01)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centres\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"provide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0required\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0nearby\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0day-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090to-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090day\t\r \u00C2\u00A0basis.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0major\t\r \u00C2\u00A0components\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0usually\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0grocery\t\r \u00C2\u00A0store\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0medium-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090sized\t\r \u00C2\u00A0supermarket,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0drug\t\r \u00C2\u00A0store,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0beauty\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0barber\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shop,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0drycleaners\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0service\t\r \u00C2\u00A0station.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Over\t\r \u00C2\u00A075\t\r \u00C2\u00A0percent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0centre's\t\r \u00C2\u00A0floor\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0devoted\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sale\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(food,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0drugs,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0beauty\t\r \u00C2\u00A0needs,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0etc.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0remainder\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(apparel,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0appliances,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0etc.)\u00E2\u0080\u009D39\t\r \u00C2\u00A02)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0General\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(auto-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090oriented\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0typical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0locally\t\r \u00C2\u00A0oriented\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0among\t\r \u00C2\u00A0four\t\r \u00C2\u00A0North\t\r \u00C2\u00A0American\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sources\t\r \u00C2\u00A0spanning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0nearly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0thirty\t\r \u00C2\u00A0years,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0it\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0important\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0allow\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0daily\t\r \u00C2\u00A0needs\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0some\t\r \u00C2\u00A0degree,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0contextually\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dependent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0needs\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0desires\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0evolve\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0some\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhoods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0than\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0others.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Project\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Public\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Spaces\t\r \u00C2\u00A0points\t\r \u00C2\u00A0out\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0values\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0some\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0culturally\t\r \u00C2\u00A0determined;\t\r \u00C2\u00A0they\t\r \u00C2\u00A0cite\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0traditional\t\r \u00C2\u00A0role\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0barbershops\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0beauty\t\r \u00C2\u00A0parlors\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0social\t\r \u00C2\u00A0hubs\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0African-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090American\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhoods,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0similar\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0Walljasper,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0102\t\r \u00C2\u00A046\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Complete\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Streets,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0April\t\r \u00C2\u00A021\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Wordpress.org,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0April\t\r \u00C2\u00A025\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010\t\r \u00C2\u00A0.\t\r \u00C2\u00A047\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Complete\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Communities,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02007,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0April\t\r \u00C2\u00A025\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010\t\r \u00C2\u00A0.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 12\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Table\t\r \u00C2\u00A01:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Categories\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Characteristic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centres\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 13\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 3.0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 CONTEXTUAL\t\r \u00C2\u00A0REVIEW\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0This\t\r \u00C2\u00A0section\t\r \u00C2\u00A0presents\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A05-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00906.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 14\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Improvement\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(BIAs)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0provides\t\r \u00C2\u00A0assistance\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0budgetary\t\r \u00C2\u00A0monitoring\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0liaising\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0departments.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0BIAs\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0largely\t\r \u00C2\u00A0self-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090managed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0self-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090funded\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0annual\t\r \u00C2\u00A0property\t\r \u00C2\u00A0tax\t\r \u00C2\u00A0levies,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0which\t\r \u00C2\u00A0enable\t\r \u00C2\u00A0them\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0coordinate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0maintenance,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0improvement\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0bitter\t\r \u00C2\u00A0pill\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0swallow,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0related\t\r \u00C2\u00A0prospect\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0fostering\t\r \u00C2\u00A0higher-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090quality\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0more\t\r \u00C2\u00A0widely\t\r \u00C2\u00A0attractive\t\r \u00C2\u00A0proposition.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0link\t\r \u00C2\u00A0between\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residential\t\r \u00C2\u00A0density\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0thriving,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0diverse\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0emphasized\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0recent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0documents,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0which\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0framed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0public\t\r \u00C2\u00A0amenity\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0may\t\r \u00C2\u00A0be\t\r \u00C2\u00A0achieved\t\r \u00C2\u00A0through\t\r \u00C2\u00A0redevelopment.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0For\t\r \u00C2\u00A0instance,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vision\t\r \u00C2\u00A0document\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Renfrew-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Collingwood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(2004),\t\r \u00C2\u00A0notes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009Cnew\t\r \u00C2\u00A0housing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0should\t\r \u00C2\u00A0be\t\r \u00C2\u00A0added\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0help\t\r \u00C2\u00A0support\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas.\u00E2\u0080\u009D53\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090wide,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A02008\t\r \u00C2\u00A0EcoDensity\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Project\t\r \u00C2\u00A0addresses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0inefficiencies\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dedicating\t\r \u00C2\u00A0half\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0municipality\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0land\t\r \u00C2\u00A0base\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0single-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090family\t\r \u00C2\u00A0housing,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0noting\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009C[h]igher\t\r \u00C2\u00A0densities\t\r \u00C2\u00A0can\t\r \u00C2\u00A0create\t\r \u00C2\u00A0many\t\r \u00C2\u00A0urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0benefits\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u0093\t\r \u00C2\u00A0more\t\r \u00C2\u00A0population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0can\t\r \u00C2\u00A0support\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0broad\t\r \u00C2\u00A0range\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0choices.\u00E2\u0080\u009D54\t\r \u00C2\u00A0These\t\r \u00C2\u00A0types\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0initiatives\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0An\t\r \u00C2\u00A0ongoing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0participatory\t\r \u00C2\u00A0community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0initiative,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0CityPlan\t\r \u00C2\u00A0was\t\r \u00C2\u00A0adopted\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A01995\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0develop\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0broad\t\r \u00C2\u00A0vision\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shaping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0future\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policy,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0foster\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0development\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhoods,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0each\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0its\t\r \u00C2\u00A0own\t\r \u00C2\u00A0identity.\"55\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Beginning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A01970s,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0benefited\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A052\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Improvement\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Program\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Pamphlet,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02008).\t\r \u00C2\u00A053\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Renfrew-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Collingwood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vision,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02004)\t\r \u00C2\u00A03.\t\r \u00C2\u00A054\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0EcoDensity\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Project\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Summary:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0How\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Density,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Design,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Land\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Use\t\r \u00C2\u00A0will\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Contribute\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Environmental\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Sustainability,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Affordability,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Livability,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02008)\t\r \u00C2\u00A013,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0September\t\r \u00C2\u00A011,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A055\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Summary\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Document:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0CityPlan-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Directions\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(2001).\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 15\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 robust\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0process\t\r \u00C2\u00A0characterized\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0engagement\t\r \u00C2\u00A0through\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dedicated\t\r \u00C2\u00A0storefronts\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0coordination\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0streetscape\t\r \u00C2\u00A0beautification\t\r \u00C2\u00A0programs,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0particularly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090based\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0public\t\r \u00C2\u00A0places\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0safe\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0inviting,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0place\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0meet\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbours\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0join\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0life.\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centres\t\r \u00C2\u00A0will\t\r \u00C2\u00A0help\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0environment\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reducing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0need\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0travel\t\r \u00C2\u00A0long\t\r \u00C2\u00A0distances\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0home\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0jobs\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services.\u00E2\u0080\u009D58\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0While\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0locally-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0fall\t\r \u00C2\u00A0into\t\r \u00C2\u00A0one\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0two\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0zoning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0designations:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00901\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00902.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0These\t\r \u00C2\u00A0two\t\r \u00C2\u00A0zones\t\r \u00C2\u00A0permit\t\r \u00C2\u00A0similar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0forms\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0generally\t\r \u00C2\u00A0requiring\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0at\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0ground\t\r \u00C2\u00A0level\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0permitting\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residential\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0above.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0main\t\r \u00C2\u00A0difference\t\r \u00C2\u00A0between\t\r \u00C2\u00A0them\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0scale\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0position\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0hierarchy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0current\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Zoning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Map\t\r \u00C2\u00A0describes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0them\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0follows:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 C-\u00C2\u00AD1\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0District\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0intent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0provide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0small-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090scale\t\r \u00C2\u00A0convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0establishments,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0catering\t\r \u00C2\u00A0typically\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0needs\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0consisting\t\r \u00C2\u00A0primarily\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sales\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0certain\t\r \u00C2\u00A0limited\t\r \u00C2\u00A0service\t\r \u00C2\u00A0functions,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0provide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dwelling\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0designed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0compatibly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0Neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centre\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Delivery\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Program\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Terms\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Reference\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Plans,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Group,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02002)\t\r \u00C2\u00A02.\t\r \u00C2\u00A058\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0CityPlan:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Directions\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01995),\t\r \u00C2\u00A0September\t\r \u00C2\u00A011,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A059\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Identified\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Needs.\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 16\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 C-\u00C2\u00AD2\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0District\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0intent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0provide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0wide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0range\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0both\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090wide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0needs,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0well\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residential\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0along\t\r \u00C2\u00A0arterial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0streets.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Emphasis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0building\t\r \u00C2\u00A0design\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0furthers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0compatibility\t\r \u00C2\u00A0among\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0ensures\t\r \u00C2\u00A0livability,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0limits\t\r \u00C2\u00A0impact\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0adjacent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residential\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sites,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0contributes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0pedestrian\t\r \u00C2\u00A0interest\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0amenity.60\t\r \u00C2\u00A0As\t\r \u00C2\u00A0these\t\r \u00C2\u00A0definitions\t\r \u00C2\u00A0suggest,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00901\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00902\t\r \u00C2\u00A0zones\t\r \u00C2\u00A0correspond\t\r \u00C2\u00A0roughly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009CLocal\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centres\u00E2\u0080\u009D\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009CDistrict\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centres\u00E2\u0080\u009D\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0hierarchy,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0respectively.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0According\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0zoning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0schedule,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00901\t\r \u00C2\u00A0zoned\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0intended\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0be\t\r \u00C2\u00A0very\t\r \u00C2\u00A0locally-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009Call\t\r \u00C2\u00A0office,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0[catering]\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0day-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090to-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090day\t\r \u00C2\u00A0needs\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood.\u00E2\u0080\u009D61\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Appropriate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0defined\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00901\t\r \u00C2\u00A0District\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Schedule\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Outright\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Approval\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(including\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0grocery\t\r \u00C2\u00A0stores\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0general\t\r \u00C2\u00A0office\t\r \u00C2\u00A0space)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0well\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Conditional\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Approval\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(including\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dwellings).\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Conversely,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00902\t\r \u00C2\u00A0zoned\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0intended\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0serve\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0larger\t\r \u00C2\u00A0district,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0without\t\r \u00C2\u00A0serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0entire\t\r \u00C2\u00A0region.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Many\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centres\t\r \u00C2\u00A0identified\t\r \u00C2\u00A0through\t\r \u00C2\u00A0CityPlan\t\r \u00C2\u00A0encompass\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00902\t\r \u00C2\u00A0zones.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Appropriate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0defined\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00902\t\r \u00C2\u00A0District\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Schedule\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Outright\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Approval\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(including\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0service,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0cultural\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0recreational\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Conditional\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Approval\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(including\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dwellings.)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Corresponding\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0its\t\r \u00C2\u00A0broader\t\r \u00C2\u00A0significance,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00902\t\r \u00C2\u00A0zoning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0permits\t\r \u00C2\u00A0higher\t\r \u00C2\u00A0outright\t\r \u00C2\u00A0building\t\r \u00C2\u00A0heights\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0floor\t\r \u00C2\u00A0space\t\r \u00C2\u00A0ratios\t\r \u00C2\u00A0than\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00901\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(4\t\r \u00C2\u00A0stories\t\r \u00C2\u00A0instead\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A02\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A03).\t\r \u00C2\u00A0For\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0complete\t\r \u00C2\u00A0list\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0approved\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00901\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00902\t\r \u00C2\u00A0zones,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0see\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0District\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Schedules\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Appendix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0E.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0zones\t\r \u00C2\u00A0have\t\r \u00C2\u00A0been\t\r \u00C2\u00A0increasingly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mixed-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090use\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0character\t\r \u00C2\u00A0since\t\r \u00C2\u00A01989,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0when\t\r \u00C2\u00A0disincentives\t\r \u00C2\u00A0were\t\r \u00C2\u00A0removed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0developing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0housing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0upper\t\r \u00C2\u00A0storeys\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0buildings\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0at\t\r \u00C2\u00A0grade.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0At\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0time,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planners\t\r \u00C2\u00A0estimated\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0an\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009Cadditional\t\r \u00C2\u00A05,500\t\r \u00C2\u00A0units\t\r \u00C2\u00A0could\t\r \u00C2\u00A0be\t\r \u00C2\u00A0created\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0districts\t\r \u00C2\u00A0outside\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0downtown,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0where\t\r \u00C2\u00A0impacts\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0established\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residential\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhoods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0would\t\r \u00C2\u00A0be\t\r \u00C2\u00A0minimized\u00E2\u0080\u009D.62\t\r \u00C2\u00A0These\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0zones\t\r \u00C2\u00A0continue\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0provide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009Ca\t\r \u00C2\u00A0large\t\r \u00C2\u00A0portion\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0future\t\r \u00C2\u00A0housing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0capacity,\u00E2\u0080\u009D63\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0remain\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009Cmain\t\r \u00C2\u00A0means\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0providing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0low-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090rise\t\r \u00C2\u00A0apartment\t\r \u00C2\u00A0units\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0single-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090family\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhoods.\u00E2\u0080\u009D64\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Council\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0proposed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0text\t\r \u00C2\u00A0amendments,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0May\t\r \u00C2\u00A02,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01989,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0cited\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neale\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Staniszkis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Doll\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Architects,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00901\t\r \u00C2\u00A0&\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00902\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Zoning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0BC:,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01991).\t\r \u00C2\u00A063\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Director\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Plans,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00902\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Zoning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Review\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02000)\t\r \u00C2\u00A03.\t\r \u00C2\u00A064\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0John\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Punter,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Achievement:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Design\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(Vancouver:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0UBC\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Press,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02003)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0176.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 17\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 3.2\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Development\t\r \u00C2\u00A0History\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Many\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0arterial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0streets\t\r \u00C2\u00A0evolved\t\r \u00C2\u00A0along\t\r \u00C2\u00A0historic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0streetcar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0interurban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0rail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0lines.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Several\t\r \u00C2\u00A0inner-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090city\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhoods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0such\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Grandview\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Kitsilano\t\r \u00C2\u00A0once\t\r \u00C2\u00A0functioned\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"separate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0distinct\t\r \u00C2\u00A0villages\t\r \u00C2\u00A0[centred]\t\r \u00C2\u00A0around\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0street\t\r \u00C2\u00A0car\t\r \u00C2\u00A0stations.\u00E2\u0080\u009D65\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0backbones\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0these\t\r \u00C2\u00A0suburbs\t\r \u00C2\u00A0were\t\r \u00C2\u00A0moderate-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090density,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mixed-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090use\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0transit-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090served\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0corridors.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Their\t\r \u00C2\u00A0inherently\t\r \u00C2\u00A0walkable\t\r \u00C2\u00A0forms\t\r \u00C2\u00A0evolved\t\r \u00C2\u00A0prior\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0widespread\t\r \u00C2\u00A0automobile\t\r \u00C2\u00A0ownership\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0remain\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0legacy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0transit-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090oriented\t\r \u00C2\u00A0past.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Owing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0walkability,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0orientation\t\r \u00C2\u00A0around\t\r \u00C2\u00A0contemporary\t\r \u00C2\u00A0electric\t\r \u00C2\u00A0transit\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0trolley\t\r \u00C2\u00A0busses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0which\t\r \u00C2\u00A0replaced\t\r \u00C2\u00A0most\t\r \u00C2\u00A0streetcar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0routes)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0surrounding\t\r \u00C2\u00A0housing,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0ongoing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0presence\t\r \u00C2\u00A0along\t\r \u00C2\u00A0these\t\r \u00C2\u00A0arterial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0streets\t\r \u00C2\u00A0likely\t\r \u00C2\u00A0contributes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0high\t\r \u00C2\u00A0level\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0resilience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhoods.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0streetcar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0interurban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0rail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0lines\t\r \u00C2\u00A0were\t\r \u00C2\u00A0replaced\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0trolley\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0diesel\t\r \u00C2\u00A0bus\t\r \u00C2\u00A0routes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A01950s.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0North\t\r \u00C2\u00A0America-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090wide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0trend\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0lengths.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Large-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090format\t\r \u00C2\u00A0auto-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090oriented\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0located\t\r \u00C2\u00A0outside\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0provided\t\r \u00C2\u00A0competition\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0some\t\r \u00C2\u00A0cases,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0threatened\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0viability\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0nearby\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0When\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Oakridge\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mall\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(1959)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0was\t\r \u00C2\u00A0built,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0attracting\t\r \u00C2\u00A0customers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0wide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0catchment\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0surrounding\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Silberberg,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0et\t\r \u00C2\u00A0al,\t\r \u00C2\u00A053\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 18\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 3.3\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Analysis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Periods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Analysis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0three\t\r \u00C2\u00A0case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0will\t\r \u00C2\u00A0use\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0captures\t\r \u00C2\u00A0each\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shops\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0at\t\r \u00C2\u00A0five\t\r \u00C2\u00A0points\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0recent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0history,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0at\t\r \u00C2\u00A0intervals\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0roughly\t\r \u00C2\u00A015\t\r \u00C2\u00A0years.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0For\t\r \u00C2\u00A0all\t\r \u00C2\u00A0three\t\r \u00C2\u00A0case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0collection\t\r \u00C2\u00A0years\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A01955,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01970,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01985,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01998\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 1955\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0earliest\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0point\t\r \u00C2\u00A0analyzed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0roughly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0coincides\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0end\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0first\t\r \u00C2\u00A0streetcar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0era\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0rise\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0private\t\r \u00C2\u00A0car.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 1970\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u0093\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0second\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0point\t\r \u00C2\u00A0coincides\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0brief\t\r \u00C2\u00A0downward\t\r \u00C2\u00A0trend\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0economy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0endured\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shift\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0post-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090industrialism.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A01971\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Suburban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0identifies\t\r \u00C2\u00A0physical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0blight\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0high\t\r \u00C2\u00A0vacancy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0rates\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0concluding\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0had\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0surplus\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0zones.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 1985\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u0093\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0third\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0point\t\r \u00C2\u00A0captures\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city\t\r \u00C2\u00A0recovering\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0recession\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0early\t\r \u00C2\u00A01980s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0poised\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0cusp\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0real\t\r \u00C2\u00A0estate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0immigration\t\r \u00C2\u00A0boom\t\r \u00C2\u00A0fueled\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Expo\t\r \u00C2\u00A01986.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0This\t\r \u00C2\u00A0point\t\r \u00C2\u00A0also\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shows\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shaped\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Greater\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Regional\t\r \u00C2\u00A0District\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0first\t\r \u00C2\u00A0regional\t\r \u00C2\u00A0growth\t\r \u00C2\u00A0strategy,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Livable\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Region\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Plan\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(1975).\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 1998\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u0093\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0fourth\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0point\t\r \u00C2\u00A0will\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reflect\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0transformation\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0increased\t\r \u00C2\u00A0international\t\r \u00C2\u00A0connectivity\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shifted\t\r \u00C2\u00A0demographics\t\r \u00C2\u00A0following\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0previous\t\r \u00C2\u00A0decade's\t\r \u00C2\u00A0influx\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0investment\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0skilled\t\r \u00C2\u00A0immigration\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0led\t\r \u00C2\u00A0up\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hong\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Kong's\t\r \u00C2\u00A0return\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0People's\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Republic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0China\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A01997.68\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 2010\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u0093\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0final\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0point\t\r \u00C2\u00A0captures\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0present\t\r \u00C2\u00A0day,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0when\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0has\t\r \u00C2\u00A0just\t\r \u00C2\u00A0hosted\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Olympics.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0In\t\r \u00C2\u00A0municipal\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planning,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0implementation\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0avoid\t\r \u00C2\u00A0periods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0when\t\r \u00C2\u00A0major\t\r \u00C2\u00A0construction\t\r \u00C2\u00A0projects\t\r \u00C2\u00A0were\t\r \u00C2\u00A0underway\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0therefore\t\r \u00C2\u00A0large\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0were\t\r \u00C2\u00A0vacant)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0any\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A068\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Trevor\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Barnes,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0et\t\r \u00C2\u00A0al,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Vancouver:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Restructuring\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Narratives\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Transnational\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Metropolis,\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Canadian\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Cities,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0ed.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Tom\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hutton,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0press).\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 19\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 3.4\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Selection\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Criteria\t\r \u00C2\u00A0In\t\r \u00C2\u00A0order\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0inform\t\r \u00C2\u00A0some\t\r \u00C2\u00A0analytical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0generalization\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0findings,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0research\t\r \u00C2\u00A0bases\t\r \u00C2\u00A0analysis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0three\t\r \u00C2\u00A0case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0were\t\r \u00C2\u00A0selected\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0among\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0many\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0districts\t\r \u00C2\u00A0outside\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0downtown\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0basis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0based\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0choosing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0similar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0every\t\r \u00C2\u00A0criteria\t\r \u00C2\u00A0except\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0one\t\r \u00C2\u00A0control\t\r \u00C2\u00A0variable.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0For\t\r \u00C2\u00A0instance,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0could\t\r \u00C2\u00A0have\t\r \u00C2\u00A0been\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sought\t\r \u00C2\u00A0exhibiting\t\r \u00C2\u00A0similar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0numbers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mean\t\r \u00C2\u00A0frontage\t\r \u00C2\u00A0length\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shops,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0design\t\r \u00C2\u00A0features,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0levels\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0public\t\r \u00C2\u00A0transit\t\r \u00C2\u00A0service,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0traffic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0flows,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0demographic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0characteristics\t\r \u00C2\u00A0such\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0income\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0language\t\r \u00C2\u00A0profiles,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0but\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0different\t\r \u00C2\u00A0population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0densities\t\r \u00C2\u00A0over\t\r \u00C2\u00A0time.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0In\t\r \u00C2\u00A0treating\t\r \u00C2\u00A0most\t\r \u00C2\u00A0relevant\t\r \u00C2\u00A0characteristics\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0control\t\r \u00C2\u00A0variables,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0approach\t\r \u00C2\u00A0would\t\r \u00C2\u00A0have\t\r \u00C2\u00A0allowed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0analysis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0one\t\r \u00C2\u00A0independent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0variable\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(e.g.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0density)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0its\t\r \u00C2\u00A0relationship\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0function.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0preliminary\t\r \u00C2\u00A0overview\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0their\t\r \u00C2\u00A0current\t\r \u00C2\u00A0socioeconomic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0contexts\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(see\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Appendix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0summary)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0revealed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0such\t\r \u00C2\u00A0diversity\t\r \u00C2\u00A0across\t\r \u00C2\u00A0many\t\r \u00C2\u00A0variables\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0characterizing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0any\t\r \u00C2\u00A0two\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0comparable\t\r \u00C2\u00A0would\t\r \u00C2\u00A0have\t\r \u00C2\u00A0involved\t\r \u00C2\u00A0significant\t\r \u00C2\u00A0compromises.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Therefore,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0approach\t\r \u00C2\u00A0was\t\r \u00C2\u00A0discarded.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 20\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 3.5\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Introduction\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0One\t\r \u00C2\u00A0district\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0centre\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0west\t\r \u00C2\u00A0side\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0two\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0centres\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0east\t\r \u00C2\u00A0side\t\r \u00C2\u00A0were\t\r \u00C2\u00A0selected\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0analysis.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0communities\t\r \u00C2\u00A0served\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0all\t\r \u00C2\u00A0three\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0predominantly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0single\t\r \u00C2\u00A0family\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0character.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Each\t\r \u00C2\u00A0clustered\t\r \u00C2\u00A0around\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0transit-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090served\t\r \u00C2\u00A0arterial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0corridor,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0range\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0extent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0140\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0500m.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0locations\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0at:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Dunbar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Street\t\r \u00C2\u00A0between\t\r \u00C2\u00A0West\t\r \u00C2\u00A025th\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0West\t\r \u00C2\u00A030th\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Avenues\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(500m\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0length)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Rupert\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Street\t\r \u00C2\u00A0at\t\r \u00C2\u00A0East\t\r \u00C2\u00A022nd\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Avenue\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(140\t\r \u00C2\u00A0m\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0length)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Street\t\r \u00C2\u00A0between\t\r \u00C2\u00A0William\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Kitchener\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(210\t\r \u00C2\u00A0m\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0length)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A01\t\r \u00C2\u00A0below\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shows\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0three\t\r \u00C2\u00A0case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0locations\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0relative\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0introduced\t\r \u00C2\u00A0below\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0terms\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0relatively\t\r \u00C2\u00A0lower\t\r \u00C2\u00A0density\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0higher-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090income\t\r \u00C2\u00A0than\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city\t\r \u00C2\u00A0average.73\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A02006\t\r \u00C2\u00A0median\t\r \u00C2\u00A0household\t\r \u00C2\u00A0income\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0was\t\r \u00C2\u00A084%\t\r \u00C2\u00A0higher\t\r \u00C2\u00A0than\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090wide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0median74,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0an\t\r \u00C2\u00A0income\t\r \u00C2\u00A0level\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0likely\t\r \u00C2\u00A0influences\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0numbers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0types\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0businesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0can\t\r \u00C2\u00A0support.75\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0large\t\r \u00C2\u00A0majority\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Southlands\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents\t\r \u00C2\u00A0speak\t\r \u00C2\u00A0English\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0their\t\r \u00C2\u00A0first\t\r \u00C2\u00A0language\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(68%,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0compared\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A049%\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090wide)76.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Southlands\t\r \u00C2\u00A0has\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0similar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0proportion\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0seniors\t\r \u00C2\u00A0over\t\r \u00C2\u00A065\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0whole,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0but\t\r \u00C2\u00A0has\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0significantly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0higher\t\r \u00C2\u00A0proportion\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0children\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0youth\t\r \u00C2\u00A0under\t\r \u00C2\u00A019\t\r \u00C2\u00A0than\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090wide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0population.77\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Southlands\t\r \u00C2\u00A0has\t\r \u00C2\u00A0experienced\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0lower\t\r \u00C2\u00A0rate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0increase\t\r \u00C2\u00A0than\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0whole;\t\r \u00C2\u00A0since\t\r \u00C2\u00A01971\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0earliest\t\r \u00C2\u00A0available\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0point\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0increased\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A09.4%78,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0while\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0whole\t\r \u00C2\u00A0increased\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A035.6%79.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0slow\t\r \u00C2\u00A0rate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0change\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Southlands\t\r \u00C2\u00A0may\t\r \u00C2\u00A0be\t\r \u00C2\u00A0related\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents'\t\r \u00C2\u00A0low\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mobility;\t\r \u00C2\u00A0between\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A02001\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A02006\t\r \u00C2\u00A0census,\t\r \u00C2\u00A050%\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0all\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0households\t\r \u00C2\u00A0changed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0their\t\r \u00C2\u00A0place\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residence,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0compared\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0only\t\r \u00C2\u00A036%\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Southlands\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents80.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Development\t\r \u00C2\u00A0History\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Streetcar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0service\t\r \u00C2\u00A0began\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Street\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A01912,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0establishing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0streetcar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0suburb.81\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0district\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0first\t\r \u00C2\u00A0store\t\r \u00C2\u00A0followed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A01922,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0located\t\r \u00C2\u00A0at\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0St.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0W\t\r \u00C2\u00A029th\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Avenue\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0pictured\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A03.82\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centre\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0developed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0around\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0historic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0streetcar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0line,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0attaining\t\r \u00C2\u00A0its\t\r \u00C2\u00A0basic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0extent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A01930s,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shown\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A04.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A025\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010\t\r \u00C2\u00A0.\t\r \u00C2\u00A074\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Statistics\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(2006\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Census\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Data):\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Statistics,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0September\t\r \u00C2\u00A010\t\r \u00C2\u00A02009,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0September\t\r \u00C2\u00A09\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010\t\r \u00C2\u00A0.\t\r \u00C2\u00A075\t\r \u00C2\u00A01962\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Chicago,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0IL\t\r \u00C2\u00A0show\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0higher\t\r \u00C2\u00A0income\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0supported\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0greater\t\r \u00C2\u00A0number\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0variety\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0businesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0than\t\r \u00C2\u00A0lower\t\r \u00C2\u00A0income\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Brian\t\r \u00C2\u00A0J.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0L.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Berry,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0et\t\r \u00C2\u00A0al,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Structure\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Blight:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Patterns\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Processes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Chicago\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(Ilinois:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0University\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Chicago,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01963)\t\r \u00C2\u00A060-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u009061.\t\r \u00C2\u00A076\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver.\t\r \u00C2\u00A077\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver.\t\r \u00C2\u00A078\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Total\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Population,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Areas,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01971-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00902006\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0source:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Statistics\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Canada,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02006),\t\r \u00C2\u00A0September\t\r \u00C2\u00A011,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A079\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver's\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Change:\t\r \u00C2\u00A01961\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A02006,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02006,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0September\t\r \u00C2\u00A011\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010\t\r \u00C2\u00A0.\t\r \u00C2\u00A080\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver.\t\r \u00C2\u00A081\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Angus\t\r \u00C2\u00A0McIntyre,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Transportation\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Classic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Streetcar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Suburb,\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A048.\t\r \u00C2\u00A091\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Statistics,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0September\t\r \u00C2\u00A010\t\r \u00C2\u00A02009\t\r \u00C2\u00A0.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 26\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 first\t\r \u00C2\u00A0language.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0concentration\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Chinese-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090speaking\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(making\t\r \u00C2\u00A0up\t\r \u00C2\u00A043%\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A02006)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0likely\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reflected\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offered\t\r \u00C2\u00A0within\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rupert\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A022nd\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area.92\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Renfrew-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Collingwood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0has\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0slightly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0higher\t\r \u00C2\u00A0proportion\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0seniors\t\r \u00C2\u00A0over\t\r \u00C2\u00A065\t\r \u00C2\u00A0than\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0whole,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0higher\t\r \u00C2\u00A0proportion\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0children\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0youth\t\r \u00C2\u00A0under\t\r \u00C2\u00A019.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0At\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A01996,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02001\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A02006\t\r \u00C2\u00A0censuses,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Renfrew-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Collingwood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0exhibited\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0greater\t\r \u00C2\u00A0rate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0growth93\t\r \u00C2\u00A0than\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0whole.94\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nonetheless,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents\t\r \u00C2\u00A0have\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0lower\t\r \u00C2\u00A0than\t\r \u00C2\u00A0average\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mobility;\t\r \u00C2\u00A0between\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A02001\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A02006\t\r \u00C2\u00A0census,\t\r \u00C2\u00A050%\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0all\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0households\t\r \u00C2\u00A0changed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0their\t\r \u00C2\u00A0place\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residence,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0compared\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0only\t\r \u00C2\u00A043%\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Renfrew-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Collingwood\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0Av.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Other\t\r \u00C2\u00A0regionally-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090oriented\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0currently\t\r \u00C2\u00A0located\t\r \u00C2\u00A0along\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Grandview\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Highway\t\r \u00C2\u00A0include\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0big-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090box\t\r \u00C2\u00A0hardware\t\r \u00C2\u00A0store,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0discount\t\r \u00C2\u00A0department\t\r \u00C2\u00A0store,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0warehouse\t\r \u00C2\u00A0club\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retailer,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0large-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090scale\t\r \u00C2\u00A0furniture\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retailer.\t\r \u00C2\u00A098\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A057.\t\r \u00C2\u00A099\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A056.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0100\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A056-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u009057.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0101\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A056.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0102\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A056.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 28\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Charles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0St.,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0William\t\r \u00C2\u00A0St.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Kitchener\t\r \u00C2\u00A0St.)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Charles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0small\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0locally-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0without\t\r \u00C2\u00A0major\t\r \u00C2\u00A0anchors.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Formerly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0zoned\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00902,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0it\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0presently\t\r \u00C2\u00A0zoned\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00901,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reflecting\t\r \u00C2\u00A0its\t\r \u00C2\u00A0small\t\r \u00C2\u00A0size\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0function.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Street\t\r \u00C2\u00A0forms\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0boundary\t\r \u00C2\u00A0between\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hastings-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Sunrise\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0east\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Grandview-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Woodlands\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0west.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0District-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0located\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0both\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhoods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0along\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hastings\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Street,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0along\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Drive\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Grandview-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Woodlands,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0complimented\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0other\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0centres.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0two\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhoods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0served\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Charles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0centre,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0only\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hastings-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Sunrise\t\r \u00C2\u00A0has\t\r \u00C2\u00A0been\t\r \u00C2\u00A0included\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Visions\t\r \u00C2\u00A0process.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(Grandview-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Woodlands\t\r \u00C2\u00A0did\t\r \u00C2\u00A0have\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0plan\t\r \u00C2\u00A0prior\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0CityPlan\t\r \u00C2\u00A0program,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0did\t\r \u00C2\u00A0other\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhoods.)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Within\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hastings-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Sunrise\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vision\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(2004),\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Charles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0included\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0maps\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0zones\t\r \u00C2\u00A0but\t\r \u00C2\u00A0no\t\r \u00C2\u00A0explicit\t\r \u00C2\u00A0directions\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0its\t\r \u00C2\u00A0future\t\r \u00C2\u00A0development\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0considered.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A06:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Map\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Charles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Statistics\t\r \u00C2\u00A0At\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Charles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Street\t\r \u00C2\u00A0forms\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0boundary\t\r \u00C2\u00A0between\t\r \u00C2\u00A0two\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\u00E2\u0080\u0094Grandview-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Woodlands\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0west,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hastings-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Sunrise\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0east.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Therefore,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0available\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 29\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 statistics\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0surrounding\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residential\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0describe\t\r \u00C2\u00A0large\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0either\t\r \u00C2\u00A0side\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Street.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0To\t\r \u00C2\u00A0make\t\r \u00C2\u00A0generalization\t\r \u00C2\u00A0more\t\r \u00C2\u00A0difficult,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0two\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas'\t\r \u00C2\u00A0populations\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0quite\t\r \u00C2\u00A0different.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0For\t\r \u00C2\u00A0instance,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0within\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Grandview-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Woodlands\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A02006,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0median\t\r \u00C2\u00A0household\t\r \u00C2\u00A0incomes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0were\t\r \u00C2\u00A025%\t\r \u00C2\u00A0below\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090wide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0median,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0while\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hastings-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Sunrise,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0median\t\r \u00C2\u00A0household\t\r \u00C2\u00A0incomes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0were\t\r \u00C2\u00A05%\t\r \u00C2\u00A0above\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090wide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0median.103\t\r \u00C2\u00A0This\t\r \u00C2\u00A0difference\t\r \u00C2\u00A0may\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reflect\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0greater\t\r \u00C2\u00A0proportion\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0older\t\r \u00C2\u00A0multifamily\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dwellings\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Grandview-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Woodlands.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0majority\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0households\t\r \u00C2\u00A0within\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Grandview-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Woodlands\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(62%)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0speak\t\r \u00C2\u00A0English\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0first\t\r \u00C2\u00A0language,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0compared\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A049%\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090wide.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0In\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hastings-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Sunrise,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Chinese\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(40%)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0English\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(37%)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0principal\t\r \u00C2\u00A0first\t\r \u00C2\u00A0languages\t\r \u00C2\u00A0spoken.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Grandview-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Woodlands\t\r \u00C2\u00A0has\t\r \u00C2\u00A0lower\t\r \u00C2\u00A0proportions\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0seniors\t\r \u00C2\u00A0over\t\r \u00C2\u00A065\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0children\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0youth\t\r \u00C2\u00A0under\t\r \u00C2\u00A019\t\r \u00C2\u00A0than\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0whole.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hastings-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Sunrise,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0however,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0has\t\r \u00C2\u00A0higher\t\r \u00C2\u00A0proportions\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0both\t\r \u00C2\u00A0youth\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0seniors\t\r \u00C2\u00A0than\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0whole,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0has\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0lower\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mobility.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Between\t\r \u00C2\u00A02001\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A02006,\t\r \u00C2\u00A050%\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0all\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0households\t\r \u00C2\u00A0changed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0their\t\r \u00C2\u00A0place\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residence,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0compared\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A052%\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Grandview-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Woodlands\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0only\t\r \u00C2\u00A039%\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hastings-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Sunrise\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Between\t\r \u00C2\u00A02001\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A02006,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neither\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0matched\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090wide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0rate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0growth.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0In\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Grandview-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Woodlands,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0has\t\r \u00C2\u00A0actually\t\r \u00C2\u00A0decreased\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A03.5%\t\r \u00C2\u00A0since\t\r \u00C2\u00A01996.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Over\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0same\t\r \u00C2\u00A0period,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hastings-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Sunrise\t\r \u00C2\u00A0has\t\r \u00C2\u00A0increased\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A06.5%104,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0compared\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A012.5%\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0whole105.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Development\t\r \u00C2\u00A0History\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Before\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hastings\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Townsite\t\r \u00C2\u00A0merged\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A01911,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0St.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0formed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0boundary\t\r \u00C2\u00A0between\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0two\t\r \u00C2\u00A0municipalities.106\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0corridor\t\r \u00C2\u00A0was\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mostly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0rural\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0character\t\r \u00C2\u00A0until\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0streetcar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0line\t\r \u00C2\u00A0was\t\r \u00C2\u00A0built\t\r \u00C2\u00A0along\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Street\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hastings\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Broadway\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A01910s.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Single-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090family\t\r \u00C2\u00A0houses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0developed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0around\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0streetcar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0line.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0By\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A01930s,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0storefronts\t\r \u00C2\u00A0filled\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0east\t\r \u00C2\u00A0side\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0block\t\r \u00C2\u00A0between\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Kitchener\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Charles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Streets.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0By\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A01940s,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0storefronts\t\r \u00C2\u00A0extended\t\r \u00C2\u00A0further\t\r \u00C2\u00A0up\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0East\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0West\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sides\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0between\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Charles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0William\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Streets.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0This\t\r \u00C2\u00A0extent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0remained\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0place\t\r \u00C2\u00A0through\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A01970s.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0In\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A01980s,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reduced\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0size\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0east\t\r \u00C2\u00A0side\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0block\t\r \u00C2\u00A0between\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Charles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0St.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0William\t\r \u00C2\u00A0St\t\r \u00C2\u00A0changed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residential\t\r \u00C2\u00A0use.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Statistics,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0September\t\r \u00C2\u00A010\t\r \u00C2\u00A02009\t\r \u00C2\u00A0.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0104\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ibid.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0105\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ibid.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0106\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Macdonald,\t\r \u00C2\u00A035\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 30\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Recent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Development\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0loss\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0space\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0during\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A01980s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0described\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Detailed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Narrative\t\r \u00C2\u00A0box\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0follows)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reflects\t\r \u00C2\u00A0not\t\r \u00C2\u00A0only\t\r \u00C2\u00A0contemporary\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0circumstances,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0but\t\r \u00C2\u00A0also\t\r \u00C2\u00A0contemporary\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policy.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A01985\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hastings-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Sunrise\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Plan\t\r \u00C2\u00A0called\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0future\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Retain\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00901\t\r \u00C2\u00A0zoned\t\r \u00C2\u00A0properties\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hastings-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Sunrise\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0necessary\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0serve\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0day-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090to-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090day\t\r \u00C2\u00A0needs\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reducing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0amount\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00901\t\r \u00C2\u00A0zoning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0locations\t\r \u00C2\u00A0where\t\r \u00C2\u00A0demand\t\r \u00C2\u00A0no\t\r \u00C2\u00A0longer\t\r \u00C2\u00A0exists\u00E2\u0080\u00A6.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0[and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to]\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \u00E2\u0080\u00A2 Encourage\t\r \u00C2\u00A0owners\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0surplus\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00901\t\r \u00C2\u00A0zoned\t\r \u00C2\u00A0land\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0initiate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0rezoning\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\t\r \u00C2\u00A0[to]\t\r \u00C2\u00A0allow\t\r \u00C2\u00A0additional\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residential\t\r \u00C2\u00A0potential.107\t\r \u00C2\u00A0This\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0was\t\r \u00C2\u00A0based\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0an\t\r \u00C2\u00A0understanding\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0surrounding\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0Hastings-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Sunrise\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vision108\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(2004)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reflects\t\r \u00C2\u00A0similar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0ideas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A01985\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hastings-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Sunrise\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Plan.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0For\t\r \u00C2\u00A0many\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009Csmall\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercially\t\r \u00C2\u00A0zoned\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sites\u00E2\u0080\u009D\t\r \u00C2\u00A0currently\t\r \u00C2\u00A0zoned\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u0093\t\r \u00C2\u00A01,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vision\t\r \u00C2\u00A0document\t\r \u00C2\u00A0notes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009Cbusinesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0not\t\r \u00C2\u00A0doing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0well.\u00E2\u0080\u009D109\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0Charles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Street\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0William\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Street\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A01960\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A01988,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0when\t\r \u00C2\u00A0it\t\r \u00C2\u00A0moved\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0larger\t\r \u00C2\u00A0premises\t\r \u00C2\u00A0at\t\r \u00C2\u00A0E\t\r \u00C2\u00A01st\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Avenue\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Renfrew\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Street.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Previously\t\r \u00C2\u00A0zoned\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00902,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0site\t\r \u00C2\u00A0had\t\r \u00C2\u00A0been\t\r \u00C2\u00A0rezoned\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0CD-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00901\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A01974\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0response\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0concerns\t\r \u00C2\u00A0about\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Safeway\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0already\t\r \u00C2\u00A0been\t\r \u00C2\u00A0developed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0single-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090family\t\r \u00C2\u00A0houses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A01990.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A01998\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0staff\t\r \u00C2\u00A0report\t\r \u00C2\u00A0notes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009C[t]his\t\r \u00C2\u00A0site\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0effectively\t\r \u00C2\u00A0removed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0potential\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0development.\u00E2\u0080\u009D116\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Director\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01260\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Street\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Recommendation\t\r \u00C2\u00A0To\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Manager\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Council),\t\r \u00C2\u00A01989)\t\r \u00C2\u00A04.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0116\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0French\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Buckham.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 32\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 4.0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 METHODS\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 4.1\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Collection\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Use\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A01955,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01970,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01985\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Directory\t\r \u00C2\u00A0was\t\r \u00C2\u00A0discontinued\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A02001,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010\t\r \u00C2\u00A0was\t\r \u00C2\u00A0gathered\t\r \u00C2\u00A0through\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0field\t\r \u00C2\u00A0survey\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0July,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Microsoft\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Excel\t\r \u00C2\u00A0was\t\r \u00C2\u00A0used\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0all\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sorting\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0quantitative\t\r \u00C2\u00A0analysis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 4.2\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Analytical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Methods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Limitations\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Each\t\r \u00C2\u00A0business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0name\t\r \u00C2\u00A0listed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0raw\t\r \u00C2\u00A0occupancy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0not.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 33\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Table\t\r \u00C2\u00A02:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Broad\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Categories\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Assessment\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Mix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0For\t\r \u00C2\u00A0each\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0at\t\r \u00C2\u00A0each\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0point,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0number\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0businesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0falling\t\r \u00C2\u00A0into\t\r \u00C2\u00A0each\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sub-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090category\t\r \u00C2\u00A0were\t\r \u00C2\u00A0counted.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Because\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0special\t\r \u00C2\u00A0importance\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0convenience\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0included\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0total\t\r \u00C2\u00A0count\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0all\t\r \u00C2\u00A0business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0within\t\r \u00C2\u00A0each\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0complete\t\r \u00C2\u00A0relationship\t\r \u00C2\u00A0between\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0broad\t\r \u00C2\u00A0categories\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sub-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090categories,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0specific\t\r \u00C2\u00A0ground\t\r \u00C2\u00A0codes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shown\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Appendix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Categorical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0count\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0each\t\r \u00C2\u00A0case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0showing\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0supported\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0complete\t\r \u00C2\u00A0absence\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0recorded\t\r \u00C2\u00A0occupants\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0site\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0possible\t\r \u00C2\u00A0addresses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rupert\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Street\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0East\t\r \u00C2\u00A022nd\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Avenue\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0directories\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0all\t\r \u00C2\u00A0years\t\r \u00C2\u00A0between\t\r \u00C2\u00A01965\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A01975.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0While\t\r \u00C2\u00A0it\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0impossible\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0know\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0nature\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0businesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0may\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0Annual\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Percentage\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Change\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Number\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Businesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0over\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Time\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(Chart)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0For\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centre\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rupert\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A022nd\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Areas,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0overall\t\r \u00C2\u00A0numbers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0businesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0began\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0increase\t\r \u00C2\u00A0between\t\r \u00C2\u00A01970\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A01985.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0However,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Charles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0continued\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0display\t\r \u00C2\u00A0declining\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0experienced\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0significant\t\r \u00C2\u00A0increase\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0numbers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0variety\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shops,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0without\t\r \u00C2\u00A0increasing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0its\t\r \u00C2\u00A0land\t\r \u00C2\u00A0base.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0specific\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mechanisms\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0which\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0occurred\t\r \u00C2\u00A0may\t\r \u00C2\u00A0help\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0explain\t\r \u00C2\u00A0patterns\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0other\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0To\t\r \u00C2\u00A0follow\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0evolution\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0two\t\r \u00C2\u00A0particular\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sites\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0it\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0helpful\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0trend,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0leading\t\r \u00C2\u00A0up\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A01970,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0towards\t\r \u00C2\u00A0fewer,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0larger,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0more\t\r \u00C2\u00A0auto-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090oriented\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shops\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0followed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0re-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090introduction\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0more\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0smaller\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shops.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0In\t\r \u00C2\u00A01955,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0prior\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0redevelopment,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0site\t\r \u00C2\u00A0accommodated\t\r \u00C2\u00A04\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0restaurant,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0beauty\t\r \u00C2\u00A0salon,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0barber\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shop,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0children\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0store.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0These\t\r \u00C2\u00A0were\t\r \u00C2\u00A0likely\t\r \u00C2\u00A0accommodated\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0pedestrian-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090oriented\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shops\t\r \u00C2\u00A0fronting\t\r \u00C2\u00A0onto\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rupert\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Street,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0much\t\r \u00C2\u00A0like\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0older\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shop\t\r \u00C2\u00A0fronts\t\r \u00C2\u00A0still\t\r \u00C2\u00A0remaining\t\r \u00C2\u00A0across\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0road.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0After\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A01959\t\r \u00C2\u00A0redevelopment,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0site\t\r \u00C2\u00A0accommodated\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0single\t\r \u00C2\u00A0auto-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090oriented\t\r \u00C2\u00A0business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0facing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0E\t\r \u00C2\u00A022nd\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ave,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0long\t\r \u00C2\u00A0blank\t\r \u00C2\u00A0wall\t\r \u00C2\u00A0along\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rupert\t\r \u00C2\u00A0St.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0frontage.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0No\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0available\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A01970,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0but\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A01985,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0site\t\r \u00C2\u00A0accommodated\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0large\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Stong\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Supermarket,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shown\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0left\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0photo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A09.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Renovations\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0late\t\r \u00C2\u00A01980s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0early\t\r \u00C2\u00A01990s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0subdivided\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0building\t\r \u00C2\u00A0into\t\r \u00C2\u00A0five\t\r \u00C2\u00A0smaller\t\r \u00C2\u00A0addresses,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0including\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0smaller\t\r \u00C2\u00A0auto-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090oriented\t\r \u00C2\u00A0supermarket\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(Chong\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Lee\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Market),\t\r \u00C2\u00A0which\t\r \u00C2\u00A0can\t\r \u00C2\u00A0be\t\r \u00C2\u00A0seen\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0formerly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0blank\t\r \u00C2\u00A0wall\t\r \u00C2\u00A0facing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rupert\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Street\t\r \u00C2\u00A0now\t\r \u00C2\u00A0accommodates\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0beauty\t\r \u00C2\u00A0salon\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0health\t\r \u00C2\u00A0clinic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shallow\t\r \u00C2\u00A0storefronts.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0northwest\t\r \u00C2\u00A0corner\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rupert\t\r \u00C2\u00A0St.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0E\t\r \u00C2\u00A022nd\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ave.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0site\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mid-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090sized\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0development,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0built\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A01956,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0whose\t\r \u00C2\u00A0evolution\t\r \u00C2\u00A0likewise\t\r \u00C2\u00A0demonstrates\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0trend\t\r \u00C2\u00A0towards\t\r \u00C2\u00A0more\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0smaller\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shown\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A011\t\r \u00C2\u00A0during\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A01970s,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0it\t\r \u00C2\u00A0accommodated\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0single\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0car-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090oriented,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0it\t\r \u00C2\u00A0now\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0variety\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0As\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shown\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A012,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0current\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0site\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0store,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0bakery,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0beauty\t\r \u00C2\u00A0salon\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0caf\u00C3\u00A9. \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 39\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A09:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Photo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0SE\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Corner\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rupert\t\r \u00C2\u00A0St.\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0 Photo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0author,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A011:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Photo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0NW\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Corner\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rupert\t\r \u00C2\u00A0St.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0E.\t\r \u00C2\u00A022nd\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Ave.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(1970s)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0northwest\t\r \u00C2\u00A0corner\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rupert\t\r \u00C2\u00A0St.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0E.\t\r \u00C2\u00A022nd\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Ave.,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0seen\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A01970s.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0single\t\r \u00C2\u00A0storefront\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 (Stong\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Market)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0accommodated,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0facing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0east.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Undated\t\r \u00C2\u00A0photo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0thanks\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Department\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Archives.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A012:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Photo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0NW\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Corner\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rupert\t\r \u00C2\u00A0St.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0E.\t\r \u00C2\u00A022nd\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Ave.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(2010)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0northwest\t\r \u00C2\u00A0corner\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rupert\t\r \u00C2\u00A0St.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0E\t\r \u00C2\u00A022nd\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ave.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 in\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0included\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0category,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0principally\t\r \u00C2\u00A0serve\t\r \u00C2\u00A0other\t\r \u00C2\u00A0businesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0instead\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0For\t\r \u00C2\u00A0office\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0supply\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0do\t\r \u00C2\u00A0not\t\r \u00C2\u00A0serve\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0location\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090oriented\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0may\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offer\t\r \u00C2\u00A0less\t\r \u00C2\u00A0exposure,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0prestige,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0inter-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090regional\t\r \u00C2\u00A0accessibility\t\r \u00C2\u00A0than\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0category\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Offices,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Professional\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Supplies;\t\r \u00C2\u00A0all\t\r \u00C2\u00A0occupy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0ground-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090floor\t\r \u00C2\u00A0storefronts.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A016\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A017\t\r \u00C2\u00A0show\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offices\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Gateway\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Appraisal\t\r \u00C2\u00A0&\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Consulting\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Corporation,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0which\t\r \u00C2\u00A0occupies\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0significant\t\r \u00C2\u00A0frontage\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0space\t\r \u00C2\u00A0along\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0St.,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0L3\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Design\t\r \u00C2\u00A0&\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Core\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Information\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Technologies,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0which\t\r \u00C2\u00A0fronts\t\r \u00C2\u00A0onto\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 43\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Charles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0St.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0It\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0obvious\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0blank\t\r \u00C2\u00A0windows\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0these\t\r \u00C2\u00A0businesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0do\t\r \u00C2\u00A0not\t\r \u00C2\u00A0hope\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0attract\t\r \u00C2\u00A0pedestrian\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shoppers.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Despite\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0appearance,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0occupancy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0indicate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0only\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0modest\t\r \u00C2\u00A0proportion\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0office\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A016\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Photo:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Storefront\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Gateway\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Appraisal,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Street\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(2010)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Storefront\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0professional/office\t\r \u00C2\u00A0use\t\r \u00C2\u00A0at\t\r \u00C2\u00A01263\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0St.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Photo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0author,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A017\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Photo:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Storefront\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0L3\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Design,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Street\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(2010)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Storefront\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A01985\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A01998\t\r \u00C2\u00A0location\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009CDavidson\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Enterprises\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ltd.\u00E2\u0080\u009D\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0second\t\r \u00C2\u00A0floor\t\r \u00C2\u00A0above\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0bank\t\r \u00C2\u00A0at\t\r \u00C2\u00A03596\t\r \u00C2\u00A0W\t\r \u00C2\u00A027th\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Av.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centre\t\r \u00C2\u00A0likely\t\r \u00C2\u00A0had\t\r \u00C2\u00A0no\t\r \u00C2\u00A0impact\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0effectiveness\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0vibrancy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0whole.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0However,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A01970\t\r \u00C2\u00A0location\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009CBryant\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Used\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Store\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Equipment\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ltd.\u00E2\u0080\u009D\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0large,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0ground-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090floor\t\r \u00C2\u00A0site\t\r \u00C2\u00A0at\t\r \u00C2\u00A03745\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rupert\t\r \u00C2\u00A0St.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0would\t\r \u00C2\u00A0have\t\r \u00C2\u00A0eliminated\t\r \u00C2\u00A0any\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reason\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0most\t\r \u00C2\u00A0pedestrian\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shoppers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0visit\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0northwest\t\r \u00C2\u00A0corner\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rupert\t\r \u00C2\u00A0St.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0E\t\r \u00C2\u00A022nd\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Avenue.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Considering\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0category\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Offices,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Professional\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Supplies\t\r \u00C2\u00A0highlights\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shortcoming\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0present\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0analytical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0methods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0assessing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0utility\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0these\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0do\t\r \u00C2\u00A0not\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reflect\t\r \u00C2\u00A0business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0frontage,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0design,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0specific\t\r \u00C2\u00A0locational\t\r \u00C2\u00A0distribution\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0within\t\r \u00C2\u00A0each\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0In\t\r \u00C2\u00A0part\t\r \u00C2\u00A0because\t\r \u00C2\u00A0so\t\r \u00C2\u00A0many\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0developed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0around\t\r \u00C2\u00A0historical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0streetcar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0lines,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0District\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centres,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0often\t\r \u00C2\u00A0comprising\t\r \u00C2\u00A0long\t\r \u00C2\u00A0stretches\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0along\t\r \u00C2\u00A0arterial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0streets,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0form\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0backbone\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0amenities\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0many\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhoods.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0As\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centre\t\r \u00C2\u00A0demonstrates,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0these\t\r \u00C2\u00A0centres\t\r \u00C2\u00A0accommodate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0both\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0an\t\r \u00C2\u00A0ever-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090changing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0balance.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Further\t\r \u00C2\u00A0research\t\r \u00C2\u00A0investigating\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0evolving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0makeup\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0selected\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 44\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 District\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centres\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0could\t\r \u00C2\u00A0contribute\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0an\t\r \u00C2\u00A0improved\t\r \u00C2\u00A0understanding\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0distribution\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0along\t\r \u00C2\u00A0long\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0strips,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0including\t\r \u00C2\u00A0clusters\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0specialized\t\r \u00C2\u00A0use\t\r \u00C2\u00A0clusters,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0such\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Antique\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Row\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0section\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Main\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Street.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Such\t\r \u00C2\u00A0findings\t\r \u00C2\u00A0could\t\r \u00C2\u00A0inform\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0work\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Improvement\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0program\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0well\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0development\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0future\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090wide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policy.118\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 5.3\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Mix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Profile:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Selected\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Specific\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Supermarkets\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Grocery\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Classified\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0supermarkets\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0grocery\t\r \u00C2\u00A0stores\t\r \u00C2\u00A0epitomize\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0role\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0category\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shops\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0their\t\r \u00C2\u00A0function\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0meeting\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents'\t\r \u00C2\u00A0everyday\t\r \u00C2\u00A0needs.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Perishables\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0other\t\r \u00C2\u00A0groceries\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0foremost\t\r \u00C2\u00A0among\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0restaurants\t\r \u00C2\u00A0serve\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mostly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0clientele\t\r \u00C2\u00A0while\t\r \u00C2\u00A0others\t\r \u00C2\u00A0attract\t\r \u00C2\u00A0diners\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0around\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0region.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0However,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0consistency,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0all\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dining\t\r \u00C2\u00A0establishments\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0categorized\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Considering\t\r \u00C2\u00A0all\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0together,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0indicate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0significant\t\r \u00C2\u00A0general\t\r \u00C2\u00A0increase\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0numbers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0restaurants\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0cafes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0since\t\r \u00C2\u00A01970,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0four\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dining\t\r \u00C2\u00A0establishments\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A01970\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0twenty\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0number\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0restaurants\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0likely\t\r \u00C2\u00A0influenced\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0changing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0demographics\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0lifestyles.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rising\t\r \u00C2\u00A0numbers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dining\t\r \u00C2\u00A0establishments\t\r \u00C2\u00A0since\t\r \u00C2\u00A01955\t\r \u00C2\u00A0may\t\r \u00C2\u00A0be\t\r \u00C2\u00A0related\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0overall\t\r \u00C2\u00A0decline\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0numbers\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0conversation\t\r \u00C2\u00A0centre.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Qualitative\t\r \u00C2\u00A0research\t\r \u00C2\u00A0involving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0interviews\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0survey\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents\t\r \u00C2\u00A0could\t\r \u00C2\u00A0inform\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0better\t\r \u00C2\u00A0understanding\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0whether\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents\t\r \u00C2\u00A0make\t\r \u00C2\u00A0use\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0third\t\r \u00C2\u00A0places\t\r \u00C2\u00A0within\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0which\t\r \u00C2\u00A0businesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0fill\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0role.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Health\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Health\t\r \u00C2\u00A0clinics,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0drugstores\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0pharmacies\t\r \u00C2\u00A0fill\t\r \u00C2\u00A0an\t\r \u00C2\u00A0important\t\r \u00C2\u00A0role\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0especially\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0elderly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0others\t\r \u00C2\u00A0who\t\r \u00C2\u00A0require\t\r \u00C2\u00A0frequent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0medical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0care.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0On\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0other\t\r \u00C2\u00A0hand,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 46\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 ground-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090floor\t\r \u00C2\u00A0medical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offices\t\r \u00C2\u00A0can\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mean\t\r \u00C2\u00A0relatively\t\r \u00C2\u00A0inactive\t\r \u00C2\u00A0storefronts\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0As\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0proportion\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city's\t\r \u00C2\u00A0population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0aged\t\r \u00C2\u00A065\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0over\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0expected\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0rise\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A012.4%\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A02006\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A020.3%\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A02031,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0demand\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0locally-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0doctors\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0pharmacies\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0likely\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0remain\t\r \u00C2\u00A0strong.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0119\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Overall,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0illustrate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dramatic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0increase\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0downloads.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Figure\t\r \u00C2\u00A018\t\r \u00C2\u00A0also\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reveals\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0surprising\t\r \u00C2\u00A0increase\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0number\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0establishments\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offering\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0relating\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0hairdressing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0beauty;\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0ground\t\r \u00C2\u00A0code\t\r \u00C2\u00A0encompassing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0barbers,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0hairdressers,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0beauty\t\r \u00C2\u00A0salons\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0spas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0accounted\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A060%\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0service\t\r \u00C2\u00A0businesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0up\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A039%\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0become\t\r \u00C2\u00A0available\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0other,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0more\t\r \u00C2\u00A0pedestrian-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090oriented\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0For\t\r \u00C2\u00A0instance,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sites\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0two\t\r \u00C2\u00A0former\t\r \u00C2\u00A0gas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0stations\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Charles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0now\t\r \u00C2\u00A0operate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0pharmacy,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0hair\t\r \u00C2\u00A0salon,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0two\t\r \u00C2\u00A0health\t\r \u00C2\u00A0clinics,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0real\t\r \u00C2\u00A0estate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0office,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0pizza\t\r \u00C2\u00A0parlour\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Montessori\t\r \u00C2\u00A0school.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 6.0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 IMPLICATIONS\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 6.1\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Story\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0While\t\r \u00C2\u00A0each\t\r \u00C2\u00A0case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0followed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0unique\t\r \u00C2\u00A0trajectory\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0development\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A01955\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0all\t\r \u00C2\u00A0three\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0taken\t\r \u00C2\u00A0together\t\r \u00C2\u00A0suggest\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0outlines\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0story\t\r \u00C2\u00A0about\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0gradual\t\r \u00C2\u00A0resurgence.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Several\t\r \u00C2\u00A0explanations\t\r \u00C2\u00A0could\t\r \u00C2\u00A0be\t\r \u00C2\u00A0considered\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0decline\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0number\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0located\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0between\t\r \u00C2\u00A01955\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A01970.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Many\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0businesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0could\t\r \u00C2\u00A0simply\t\r \u00C2\u00A0have\t\r \u00C2\u00A0gone\t\r \u00C2\u00A0out\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0business,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0resulting\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0fewer\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shops\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0high\t\r \u00C2\u00A0levels\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0vacancies.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0consolidation\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0many\t\r \u00C2\u00A0small\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shops\t\r \u00C2\u00A0into\t\r \u00C2\u00A0fewer\t\r \u00C2\u00A0large\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shops\t\r \u00C2\u00A0provides\t\r \u00C2\u00A0an\t\r \u00C2\u00A0alternate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0explanation.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Both\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0these\t\r \u00C2\u00A0factors\t\r \u00C2\u00A0were\t\r \u00C2\u00A0likely\t\r \u00C2\u00A0at\t\r \u00C2\u00A0play\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0some\t\r \u00C2\u00A0degree.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0contemporary\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009CSuburban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Study\u00E2\u0080\u009D\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(1971)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0notes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0high\t\r \u00C2\u00A0vacancy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0levels\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighborhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0well\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0significant\t\r \u00C2\u00A0physical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0blight.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0This\t\r \u00C2\u00A0period\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0decline\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0was\t\r \u00C2\u00A0consistent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0broader\t\r \u00C2\u00A0North\t\r \u00C2\u00A0American\t\r \u00C2\u00A0trends.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Contemporary\t\r \u00C2\u00A0American\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0literature\t\r \u00C2\u00A0describes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0an\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009Cincreasing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0scale\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retailing,\u00E2\u0080\u009D121\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u0093\t\r \u00C2\u00A0fewer\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0larger\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shops\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u0093\t\r \u00C2\u00A0combined\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0an\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009Cincreasing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0tendency\t\r \u00C2\u00A0[for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0consumers]\u00E2\u0080\u00A6\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0make\t\r \u00C2\u00A0all\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0trips\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0automobile\u00E2\u0080\u009D122\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Indeed,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0ten\t\r \u00C2\u00A0years\t\r \u00C2\u00A0leading\t\r \u00C2\u00A0up\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A01961,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0proportion\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0households\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0owned\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0leased\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0private\t\r \u00C2\u00A0car\t\r \u00C2\u00A0increased\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A042%123\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A063%.124\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0121\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Berry,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0et\t\r \u00C2\u00A0al,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0166.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0122\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Berry,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0et\t\r \u00C2\u00A0al,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0199.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0123\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dominion\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Bureau\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Statistics,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Table\t\r \u00C2\u00A042:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Occupied\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dwellings\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0tenure\t\r \u00C2\u00A0showing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0specified\t\r \u00C2\u00A0living\t\r \u00C2\u00A0convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0s,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0incorporated\t\r \u00C2\u00A0cities,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0towns,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0villages\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A010,000\t\r \u00C2\u00A0population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0over,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01951,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01953.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 49\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0number\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0businesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0located\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0has\t\r \u00C2\u00A0been\t\r \u00C2\u00A0rebounding\t\r \u00C2\u00A0since\t\r \u00C2\u00A01970,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0albeit\t\r \u00C2\u00A0at\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0lower\t\r \u00C2\u00A0rate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0than\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0earlier\t\r \u00C2\u00A0decline.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0This\t\r \u00C2\u00A0likely\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reflects,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0part,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0trend\t\r \u00C2\u00A0towards\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0replacement\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0large\t\r \u00C2\u00A0storefronts\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0larger\t\r \u00C2\u00A0number\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0smaller\t\r \u00C2\u00A0storefronts.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0In\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0number\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0businesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0each\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0three\t\r \u00C2\u00A0case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0has\t\r \u00C2\u00A0returned\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0at\t\r \u00C2\u00A0least\t\r \u00C2\u00A080%\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A01955\t\r \u00C2\u00A0levels.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0This\t\r \u00C2\u00A0resurgence\t\r \u00C2\u00A0suggests\t\r \u00C2\u00A0positive\t\r \u00C2\u00A0implications\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0resilience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0may\t\r \u00C2\u00A0also\t\r \u00C2\u00A0inform\t\r \u00C2\u00A0optimism\t\r \u00C2\u00A0about\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0general.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Robust,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0walkable,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0transit-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090served\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offer\t\r \u00C2\u00A0broad\t\r \u00C2\u00A0access\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0may\t\r \u00C2\u00A0contribute\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0social\t\r \u00C2\u00A0cohesion.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0evolving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0found\t\r \u00C2\u00A0within\t\r \u00C2\u00A0each\t\r \u00C2\u00A0case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0over\t\r \u00C2\u00A0time\t\r \u00C2\u00A0recounts\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0more\t\r \u00C2\u00A0subtle\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sub-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090narrative\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0story.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shifts\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0kinds\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shops\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0represented\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reflect\t\r \u00C2\u00A0changes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0types\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0households\t\r \u00C2\u00A0have\t\r \u00C2\u00A0demanded;\t\r \u00C2\u00A0these\t\r \u00C2\u00A0demands\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0turn\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reflect\t\r \u00C2\u00A0changing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0demographics\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0lifestyles.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0For\t\r \u00C2\u00A0instance,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0increased\t\r \u00C2\u00A0demand\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dining\t\r \u00C2\u00A0options\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0decreased\t\r \u00C2\u00A0demand\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0bakeries\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0butchers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0seem\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0correlate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0households\t\r \u00C2\u00A0having\t\r \u00C2\u00A0fewer\t\r \u00C2\u00A0children\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0fewer\t\r \u00C2\u00A0full-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090time\t\r \u00C2\u00A0homemakers.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Other\t\r \u00C2\u00A0changes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0within\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A01963).\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Comparable\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0was\t\r \u00C2\u00A0not\t\r \u00C2\u00A0collected\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A01971.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0125\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Wozny,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hume,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Silberberg,\t\r \u00C2\u00A076.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0126\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0127\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A013.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 50\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Charles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0once\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0site\t\r \u00C2\u00A0has\t\r \u00C2\u00A0been\t\r \u00C2\u00A0redeveloped\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0typical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residential\t\r \u00C2\u00A0dwellings,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0its\t\r \u00C2\u00A0potential\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0use\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0eliminated\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0long\t\r \u00C2\u00A0time.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0potential\t\r \u00C2\u00A0can\t\r \u00C2\u00A0also\t\r \u00C2\u00A0be\t\r \u00C2\u00A0constrained\t\r \u00C2\u00A0within\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mixed-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090use\t\r \u00C2\u00A0buildings\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0design\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0fails\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0adaptability\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0other\t\r \u00C2\u00A0than\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0originally-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090intended\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0office\t\r \u00C2\u00A0use.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0In\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0absence\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0guiding\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090wide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0strategy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0statement\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0strategies\t\r \u00C2\u00A0affecting\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0now\t\r \u00C2\u00A0developed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0case-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090by-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0basis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0plans.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0For\t\r \u00C2\u00A0example,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hastings-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Sunrise\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vision\t\r \u00C2\u00A0contemplates\t\r \u00C2\u00A0releasing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sites\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0exclusive\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residential\t\r \u00C2\u00A0use\t\r \u00C2\u00A0when\t\r \u00C2\u00A0existing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0struggling.128\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090wide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0statement\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0regarding\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0could\t\r \u00C2\u00A0inform\t\r \u00C2\u00A0diverse\t\r \u00C2\u00A0future\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0work\t\r \u00C2\u00A0impacting\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0It\t\r \u00C2\u00A0could\t\r \u00C2\u00A0explicitly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0outline\t\r \u00C2\u00A0available\t\r \u00C2\u00A0strategies\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retaining\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0use\t\r \u00C2\u00A0options\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0appropriate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0It\t\r \u00C2\u00A0might\t\r \u00C2\u00A0also\t\r \u00C2\u00A0address\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0related\t\r \u00C2\u00A0issue\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0preserving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0options\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0corner\t\r \u00C2\u00A0stores\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0other\t\r \u00C2\u00A0scattered\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residential\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0likely\t\r \u00C2\u00A0through\t\r \u00C2\u00A0zoning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0changes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0permit\t\r \u00C2\u00A0such\t\r \u00C2\u00A0locations\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0regain\t\r \u00C2\u00A0their\t\r \u00C2\u00A0former\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0remove\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0non-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090conforming\t\r \u00C2\u00A0status\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0existing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0operations.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0ongoing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0resurgence\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0numbers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0businesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0within\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0case\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0well\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0their\t\r \u00C2\u00A0evolving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0uses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0suggest\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0an\t\r \u00C2\u00A0update\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A01971\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Suburban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0may\t\r \u00C2\u00A0be\t\r \u00C2\u00A0overdue.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0city-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090wide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0could\t\r \u00C2\u00A0be\t\r \u00C2\u00A0informed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0an\t\r \u00C2\u00A0updated\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0well\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0other\t\r \u00C2\u00A0current\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policies.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Whether\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0not\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0comprehensive\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0developed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0incremental\t\r \u00C2\u00A0strategies\t\r \u00C2\u00A0could\t\r \u00C2\u00A0also\t\r \u00C2\u00A0be\t\r \u00C2\u00A0considered\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0support\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Design\t\r \u00C2\u00A0guidelines\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0ensure\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0flexibility\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0components\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mixed-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090use\t\r \u00C2\u00A0buildings\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0one\t\r \u00C2\u00A0example.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0second\t\r \u00C2\u00A0example\t\r \u00C2\u00A0would\t\r \u00C2\u00A0be\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0extend\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0concept\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0clustering\t\r \u00C2\u00A0frequently\t\r \u00C2\u00A0needed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0include\t\r \u00C2\u00A0non-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090market\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0such\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0libraries\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0childcare\t\r \u00C2\u00A0facilities.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Policymakers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0could\t\r \u00C2\u00A0adopt\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0potential\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0support\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0anchor\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0consideration\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0these\t\r \u00C2\u00A0facility\t\r \u00C2\u00A0location\t\r \u00C2\u00A0decisions.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0comprehensive\t\r \u00C2\u00A010-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090year\t\r \u00C2\u00A0action\t\r \u00C2\u00A0plan\t\r \u00C2\u00A0currently\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0development\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver's\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Greenest\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Team129\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0could\t\r \u00C2\u00A0also\t\r \u00C2\u00A0provide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0an\t\r \u00C2\u00A0opportunity\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0set\t\r \u00C2\u00A0targets\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0identify\t\r \u00C2\u00A0actions\t\r \u00C2\u00A0relevant\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0supporting\t\r \u00C2\u00A0walkable\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0supply\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents'\t\r \u00C2\u00A0daily\t\r \u00C2\u00A0needs.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ongoing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0analysis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\u00E2\u0080\u0099\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0profiles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009Ccompleteness\u00E2\u0080\u009D\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0individual\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0could\t\r \u00C2\u00A0be\t\r \u00C2\u00A0supported\t\r \u00C2\u00A0through\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0existing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Improvement\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0program.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Improvement\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0encompass\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0could\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r 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\u00C2\u00A0.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 51\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 use\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0type\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0analysis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0encourage\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0diverse\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0complete\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0profile\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0informing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0location\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0specialization\t\r \u00C2\u00A0decisions.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0If\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0analysis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0could\t\r \u00C2\u00A0help\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0create\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0businesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0best\t\r \u00C2\u00A0meets\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0daily\t\r \u00C2\u00A0needs\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0living\t\r \u00C2\u00A0within\t\r \u00C2\u00A0walking\t\r \u00C2\u00A0distance\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0centre,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0increased\t\r \u00C2\u00A0economic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0viability\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0businesses\t\r \u00C2\u00A0would\t\r \u00C2\u00A0result,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0along\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0better\t\r \u00C2\u00A0service\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0increased\t\r \u00C2\u00A0resilience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0surrounding\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residential\t\r \u00C2\u00A0community.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 7.0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 CONCLUSION\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0development,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sustainability\t\r \u00C2\u00A0literatures,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0both\t\r \u00C2\u00A0describe\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u009Chollowing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0out\u00E2\u0080\u009D\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0many\t\r \u00C2\u00A0inner-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090city\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0districts\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0favour\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0auto-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090oriented\t\r \u00C2\u00A0regional\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0herald\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0nascent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0trend\t\r \u00C2\u00A0towards\t\r \u00C2\u00A0revitalized\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Through\t\r \u00C2\u00A0an\t\r \u00C2\u00A0analysis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0historical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0occupancy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0three\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0findings\t\r \u00C2\u00A0about\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0changing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0roles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0composition\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0since\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A01950s.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0While\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0methods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0used\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0have\t\r \u00C2\u00A0limitations,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0including\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0imperfect\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reliability\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0historical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0lack\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0complex\t\r \u00C2\u00A0information\t\r \u00C2\u00A0about\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0size\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0historical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0businesses,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0affordability\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0how\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0establishments\t\r \u00C2\u00A0have\t\r \u00C2\u00A0been\t\r \u00C2\u00A0used,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0clear\t\r \u00C2\u00A0patterns\t\r \u00C2\u00A0nonetheless\t\r \u00C2\u00A0emerge\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0analysis.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0indicate\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0overall,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\u00E2\u0080\u0099s\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0District\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0centres\t\r \u00C2\u00A0have\t\r \u00C2\u00A0experienced\t\r \u00C2\u00A0both\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0mid-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090century\t\r \u00C2\u00A0decline\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0numbers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0locally-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090oriented\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shops\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0specific\t\r \u00C2\u00A0types\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0businesses,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0more\t\r \u00C2\u00A0recent,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0ongoing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0resurgence\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0numbers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shops,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0particularly\t\r \u00C2\u00A0those\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offering\t\r \u00C2\u00A0lower-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090order\t\r \u00C2\u00A0convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0foster\t\r \u00C2\u00A0community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0resilience,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0support\t\r \u00C2\u00A0public\t\r \u00C2\u00A0health\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0increase\t\r \u00C2\u00A0social\t\r \u00C2\u00A0cohesion\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0well-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090being.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Therefore,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0findings\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offered\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0help\t\r \u00C2\u00A0inform\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0development\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0programs\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0support\t\r \u00C2\u00A0well-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090functioning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0walkable\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0similar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0potential\t\r \u00C2\u00A0applications\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0other\t\r \u00C2\u00A0cities\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0suburban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0centres.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 52\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 GLOSSARY\t\r \u00C2\u00A0OF\t\r \u00C2\u00A0TERMS\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Low-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090order\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0which\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0purchased\t\r \u00C2\u00A0frequently,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0generally\t\r \u00C2\u00A0found\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0locally-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 District\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centre\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0In\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0hierarchy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0five\t\r \u00C2\u00A0levels\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0districts\t\r \u00C2\u00A0recognized\t\r \u00C2\u00A0within\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policy,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0District\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centres\t\r \u00C2\u00A0serve\t\r \u00C2\u00A0an\t\r \u00C2\u00A0entire\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residential\t\r \u00C2\u00A0district.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0They\t\r \u00C2\u00A0generally\t\r \u00C2\u00A0contain\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0supermarket\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0well\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offering\t\r \u00C2\u00A0convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centre\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\t\r \u00C2\u00A0In\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0hierarchy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0five\t\r \u00C2\u00A0levels\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0districts\t\r \u00C2\u00A0recognized\t\r \u00C2\u00A0within\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0policy,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centres\t\r \u00C2\u00A0serve\t\r \u00C2\u00A0nearby\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0principally\t\r \u00C2\u00A0offer\t\r \u00C2\u00A0convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Post\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Carbon\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0This\t\r \u00C2\u00A0term\t\r \u00C2\u00A0anticipates\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0future\t\r \u00C2\u00A0situation\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0which\t\r \u00C2\u00A0fossil\t\r \u00C2\u00A0fuels\t\r \u00C2\u00A0will\t\r \u00C2\u00A0be\t\r \u00C2\u00A0less\t\r \u00C2\u00A0readily\t\r \u00C2\u00A0available\t\r \u00C2\u00A0than\t\r \u00C2\u00A0they\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0at\t\r \u00C2\u00A0present.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Relocalization\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0strategy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0social\t\r \u00C2\u00A0change\t\r \u00C2\u00A0based\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0returning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0greater\t\r \u00C2\u00A0degree\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0reliance\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sources\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0food\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0energy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0social\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0economic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0networks.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Resilience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Resilience\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0generally\t\r \u00C2\u00A0refers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0system's\t\r \u00C2\u00A0capacity\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0absorb\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0recover\t\r \u00C2\u00A0from\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shocks\t\r \u00C2\u00A0while\t\r \u00C2\u00A0maintaining\t\r \u00C2\u00A0functionality.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0In\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0event\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shock\t\r \u00C2\u00A0such\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0an\t\r \u00C2\u00A0earthquake\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0petroleum\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shortage,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0walkable\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0well-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090functioning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090serving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0may\t\r \u00C2\u00A0enhance\t\r \u00C2\u00A0community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0resilience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0allowing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0access\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0critical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0everyday\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0well\t\r \u00C2\u00A0as\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0promoting\t\r \u00C2\u00A0strong\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0social\t\r \u00C2\u00A0support\t\r \u00C2\u00A0networks.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Shoppers'\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(a.k.a.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Comparison,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0or\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Services)\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0High-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090order\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0which\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0purchased\t\r \u00C2\u00A0less\t\r \u00C2\u00A0frequently\t\r \u00C2\u00A0than\t\r \u00C2\u00A0convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0goods\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0services,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0which\t\r \u00C2\u00A0consumers\t\r \u00C2\u00A0are\t\r \u00C2\u00A0likely\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0do\t\r \u00C2\u00A0comparison\t\r \u00C2\u00A0shopping.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Social\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Cohesion\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Social\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Cohesion\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0used\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0context\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0this\t\r \u00C2\u00A0report\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0describe\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0support\t\r \u00C2\u00A0network\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sense\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0experienced\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0residents\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neighbourhood.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Third\t\r \u00C2\u00A0place\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\u00E2\u0080\u0093\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0term\t\r \u00C2\u00A0coined\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0sociologist\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ray\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Oldenburg\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0refer\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0neutral\t\r \u00C2\u00A0spaces\t\r \u00C2\u00A0outside\t\r \u00C2\u00A0home\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0work,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0often\t\r \u00C2\u00A0including\t\r \u00C2\u00A0cafes,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0bars\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0beauty\t\r \u00C2\u00A0parlours,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0where\t\r \u00C2\u00A0community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0members\t\r \u00C2\u00A0meet,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0socialize\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0share\t\r \u00C2\u00A0information.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 53\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 WORKS\t\r \u00C2\u00A0CITED\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Barnes,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Trevor,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0et\t\r \u00C2\u00A0al.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Vancouver:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Restructuring\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Narratives\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Transnational\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Metropolis.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Canadian\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Cities.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ed.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Tom\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hutton.,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0press.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0BC\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Stats.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Percent\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Total\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Aged\t\r \u00C2\u00A065\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Over.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Service\t\r \u00C2\u00A0BC,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ministry\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Labour\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Citizens'\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Services,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Government\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0British\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Columbia.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0June\t\r \u00C2\u00A02006.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Beasley,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Larry.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Interview.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Former\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Co-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Director\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retired:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Berry,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Brian\t\r \u00C2\u00A0J.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0L.,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0et\t\r \u00C2\u00A0al.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Structure\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Blight:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Patterns\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Processes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Chicago.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vol.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Department\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Geography\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Research\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Paper\t\r \u00C2\u00A0No\t\r \u00C2\u00A085.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Illinois:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0University\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Chicago,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01963.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Carley\t\r \u00C2\u00A0M,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Kirk\t\r \u00C2\u00A0K,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0McIntosh\t\r \u00C2\u00A0S,.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retailing,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Sustainability\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Regeneration.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0York,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0UK:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Joseph\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rowntree\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Foundation,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02001.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Center\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Economic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Development\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(UICUED).\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Market\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Analysis:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Manual\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Preliminary\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Analysis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighborhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Opportunities\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Chicago.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Revised:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0April,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01986\t\r \u00C2\u00A0ed.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vol.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Technical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Manual\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Number\t\r \u00C2\u00A01.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0University\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Illinois\t\r \u00C2\u00A0at\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Chicago:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0School\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Policy,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01980.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Cerin,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0E.,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0et\t\r \u00C2\u00A0al.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Destinations\t\r \u00C2\u00A0that\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Matter:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Associations\t\r \u00C2\u00A0with\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Walking\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Transport.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Health\t\r \u00C2\u00A0&\t\r \u00C2\u00A0place\t\r \u00C2\u00A013.3\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(2007):\t\r \u00C2\u00A0713-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u009024.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Portland\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Bureau\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Sustainability.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Status\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Report:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Twenty-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Minute\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighborhoods.,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02009.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00901\t\r \u00C2\u00A0District\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Schedules,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Zoning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Development\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Law.,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02009.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Director\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning.\t\r \u00C2\u00A01260\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Street\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Recommendation.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vol.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0486-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00901200.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0To\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Manager\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Council),\t\r \u00C2\u00A01989a.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Text\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Amendment:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0CD-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00901\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Bylaw,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0NO\t\r \u00C2\u00A04828\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A01260\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nanaimo\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Street.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vol.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0RZ\t\r \u00C2\u00A0266/90.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0To\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Standing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Committee\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Environment,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01991b.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Business\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Improvement\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Program.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Pamphlet,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02008a.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Statistics\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(2006\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Census\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Data):\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Statistics.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0September\t\r \u00C2\u00A010\t\r \u00C2\u00A02009b.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver's\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Change:\t\r \u00C2\u00A01961\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A02006.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A02006c.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Role\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Development.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Report\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Council,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01985d.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0CityPlan:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Directions\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver.,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01995e.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0September\t\r \u00C2\u00A011,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vision.,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01998f.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0EcoDensity\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Project\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Summary:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0How\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Density,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Design,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Land\t\r \u00C2\u00A0use\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Will\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Contribute\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Environmental\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Sustainability,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Affordability,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Livability.,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02008g.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0September\t\r \u00C2\u00A011,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Greenest\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Objectives.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A02009h.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Identified\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Area\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Needs.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0September\t\r \u00C2\u00A022,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 54\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 -\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centre\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Delivery\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Program\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Terms\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Reference.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Plans,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Services\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Group,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02002j.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Renfrew-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Collingwood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vision.,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02004k.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Summary\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Document:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0CityPlan-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Directions\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(2001l).\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Total\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Population,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Local\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Areas,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01971-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00902006.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Data\t\r \u00C2\u00A0source:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Statistics\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Canada,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02006m.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0September\t\r \u00C2\u00A011,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Zoning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Development\t\r \u00C2\u00A0By-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090law.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0January\t\r \u00C2\u00A015\t\r \u00C2\u00A02007n.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Energy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Association.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Complete\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Communities.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A02007.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Condon,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Patrick\t\r \u00C2\u00A0M.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Seven\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rules\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Sustainable\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Communities:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Design\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Strategies\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Post\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Carbon\t\r \u00C2\u00A0World.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Washington\t\r \u00C2\u00A0D.C.:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Island\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Press,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Director\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Plans.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00902\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Zoning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Review.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vol.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0RTS\t\r \u00C2\u00A0No.\t\r \u00C2\u00A001414,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0CC\t\r \u00C2\u00A0File\t\r \u00C2\u00A0No.\t\r \u00C2\u00A05302.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02000.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dominion\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Bureau\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Statistics.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Table\t\r \u00C2\u00A037.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Occupied\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dwellings\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Specified\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Living\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Conveniences,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Incorporated\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Cities,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Towns\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Villages\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A05,000\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Over,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Other\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Municipal\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Subdivisions\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A010,000\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Over,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01961.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vol.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Bulletin\t\r \u00C2\u00A02.2\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A05.,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01963a.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Table\t\r \u00C2\u00A042:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Occupied\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dwellings\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Tenure\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Showing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Specified\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Living\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Convenience\t\r \u00C2\u00A0s,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Incorporated\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Cities,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Towns,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Villages\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A010,000\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Population\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Over,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01951.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vol.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Bulletin\t\r \u00C2\u00A03-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00908\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Volume:III.,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01953b.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0French,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Patricia,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Cathy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Buckham.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Supermarkets\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vol.\t\r \u00C2\u00A05340.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01998.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Gurwitt,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rob.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Light\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Oxford.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Mother\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Jones\t\r \u00C2\u00A0May/June\t\r \u00C2\u00A02000.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0April\t\r \u00C2\u00A025,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Kluckner,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Michael.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Oakridge.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Greater\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Book.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ed.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Chuck\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Davis.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Surrey\t\r \u00C2\u00A0BC:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Linkman\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Press,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01997.\t\r \u00C2\u00A096.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Koebel,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Theodore.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Analyzing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighborhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Service\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Change\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Six\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Cities.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Virginia\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Polytechnic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Institute\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0State\t\r \u00C2\u00A0University:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Center\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Housing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Research,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01999.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Law,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Robin.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Beyond\t\r \u00C2\u00A0'Women\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Transport':\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Towards\t\r \u00C2\u00A0New\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Geographies\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Gender\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Daily\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Mobility.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Progress\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Human\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Geography\t\r \u00C2\u00A023.4\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(1999):\t\r \u00C2\u00A0567-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090588.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Macalister,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Terry.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"US\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Military\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Warns\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Oil\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Output\t\r \u00C2\u00A0may\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dip\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Causing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Massive\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shortages\t\r \u00C2\u00A0by\t\r \u00C2\u00A02015.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Guardian\t\r \u00C2\u00A0UK\t\r \u00C2\u00A0April\t\r \u00C2\u00A011\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Macdonald,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Bruce.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighbourhoods.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Greater\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Book.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ed.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Chuck\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Davis.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Surrey\t\r \u00C2\u00A0BC:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Linkman\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Press,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01997.\t\r \u00C2\u00A077.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Visual\t\r \u00C2\u00A0History.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0BC:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Talonbooks,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01992.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Mak,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Eunice,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Lidio\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Daneluzzi.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Southlands\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Profile\t\r \u00C2\u00A0-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Technical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Report.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vol.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0L85\t\r \u00C2\u00A0D96.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Prepared\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Department,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01979.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0McIntyre,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Angus.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Transportation\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Classic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Streetcar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Suburb.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Story\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Voices\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighbourhood.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ed.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Peggy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Schofield.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ronsdale\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Press,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0China:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Residents'\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Association,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02007.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0119.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 \t\r \u00C2\u00A0 55\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 Mitchell,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Stacy.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Miles\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Driven\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shopping\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Continues\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Climb,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0but\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Pace\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Slows.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0New\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rules\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Project\t\r \u00C2\u00A0May\t\r \u00C2\u00A06,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0June\t\r \u00C2\u00A027,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Moore,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Larry.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Development\t\r \u00C2\u00A0through\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Decades.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Story\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Voices\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighbourhood.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ed.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Peggy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Schofield.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ronsdale\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Press,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0China:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Dunbar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Residents'\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Association,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02007.\t\r \u00C2\u00A081.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Moudon,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0V.,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0et\t\r \u00C2\u00A0al.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Operational\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Definitions\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Walkable\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighborhood:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Theoretical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Empirical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Insights.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Journal\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Physical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Activity\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Health\t\r \u00C2\u00A03\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(2006):\t\r \u00C2\u00A099.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0National\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Complete\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Streets\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Coalition.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Complete\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Streets.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Wordpress.org.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0April\t\r \u00C2\u00A021\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neale\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Staniszkis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Doll\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Architects.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00901\t\r \u00C2\u00A0&\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00902\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Zoning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Study\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0BC:,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01991.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Oldenburg,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ray.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Great\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Good\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Place:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Cafes,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Coffee\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Shops,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Community\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Centers,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Beauty\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Parlors,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0General\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Stores,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Bars,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hangouts,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0how\t\r \u00C2\u00A0they\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Get\t\r \u00C2\u00A0You\t\r \u00C2\u00A0through\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Day.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0New\t\r \u00C2\u00A0York:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Paragon\t\r \u00C2\u00A0House,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01991.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Perl,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Anthony,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Richard\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Gilbert.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Energy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Transport\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Futures.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0University\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Calgary,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02005.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Perl,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Anthony.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"From\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Guest\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Editor.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Journal\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Technology\t\r \u00C2\u00A014.2\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(2007):\t\r \u00C2\u00A01.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Department.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Commercial\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Zoning:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00902,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00903B,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00902C\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u00902C1.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vol.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C65R16.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01987.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Punter,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0John.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Achievement:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Urban\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Planning\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Design.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0UBC\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Press,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02003.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rubin,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Jeff.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Why\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Your\t\r \u00C2\u00A0World\t\r \u00C2\u00A0is\t\r \u00C2\u00A0about\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Get\t\r \u00C2\u00A0a\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Whole\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Lot\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Smaller.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Toronto,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Canada:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Random\t\r \u00C2\u00A0House\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Canada,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02009.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Rundle,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A.,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0et\t\r \u00C2\u00A0al.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Neighborhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Food\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Environment\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Walkability\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Predict\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Obesity\t\r \u00C2\u00A0in\t\r \u00C2\u00A0New\t\r \u00C2\u00A0York\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Environmental\t\r \u00C2\u00A0health\t\r \u00C2\u00A0perspectives\t\r \u00C2\u00A0117.3\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(2009):\t\r \u00C2\u00A0442.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Silberberg,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ted,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0et\t\r \u00C2\u00A0al.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Guide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0for...\t\r \u00C2\u00A0the\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Revitalization\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Districts.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Toronto,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Canada:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Project:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Saving\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Small\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Business,\t\r \u00C2\u00A01976.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Surface\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Transportation\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Policy\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Project.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Census\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Journey\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Work.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vol.\t\r \u00C2\u00A04.,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02002.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vaisbord,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Peter.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Interview.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Coordinator,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Busines\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Improvement\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Areas\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Program.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Economic\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Development\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Commission.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Dunbar\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Village\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighbourhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Profile.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A02008.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Walljasper,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Jay.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0The\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Great\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Neighborhood\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Book:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0do-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090it-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Yourself\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Guide\t\r \u00C2\u00A0to\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Placemaking.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Gabriola\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Island,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0BC,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Canada:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0New\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Society\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Publishers,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02007.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Waugh,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0D.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Geography:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0An\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Integrated\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Approach.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Nelson\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Thornes,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02000.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Wozny,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Richard,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Peter\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Hume,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Lewis\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Silberberg.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Impact\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Study:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Proposed\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Wal-\u00C2\u00AD\u00E2\u0080\u0090Mart\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ancillary\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Space,\t\r \u00C2\u00A086\t\r \u00C2\u00A0S.E.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Marine\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Drive,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0B.C.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0City\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02002.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0July\t\r \u00C2\u00A07,\t\r \u00C2\u00A02010.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Wrigley,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0N.,\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0MS\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Lowe.\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\"Reading\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Geographical\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Perspective\t\r \u00C2\u00A0on\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retailing\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Consumption\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Spaces.\"\t\r \u00C2\u00A0(2002).\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 APPENDIX\t\r \u00C2\u00A0A Characteristics\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Selected\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Vancouver\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Areas Local Area Statistics (2006) Arterial Cross-streets Approximate Extent of Retail Area (Length in blocks) Includes a Grocery Store? Local Area Median Household Income Percentage of population 19 & under Percentage of population 65 & over Percentage of population with English Mother Tongue Business Improvement Area? Zoning Designation Other Comments Granville St. W. 63rd Ave. to W. 71st Ave. 7 Safeway Marpole $41,125 19.9% 12.5% 36.5% Marpole B.I.A. C2 Granville is very wide, entrance to Vancouver from the south. Retail area could have regional significance. West Boulevard/ East Boulevard W. 43rd Ave. to W. 49th Ave. 7 No Arbutus Ridge $54,199 22.9% 19.7% 45.9% Kerrisdale B.I.A. C2 Unusual street condition with disused railway down the middle between West and East Boulevards. Cambie St. W. 12th Ave. to W. 19th Ave. 7 Choices South Cambie $61,524 20.0% 14.4% 61.6% Cambie Village B.I.A. C2 Between new Canada Line stations at Broadway and King Edward Avenues. W. 41st Ave Larch St. to Maple St. 6 Small grocer only Kerrisdale $61,710 23.9% 14.6% 55.0% Kerrisdale B.I.A. C2 BIA is T-shaped. Very large number of shops. http://www.kerrisdalevillage.com/directory/ shops.php Fraser St. W. 23rd Ave. to W. 28th Ave. 5 Small grocer Riley Park $56,973 20.6% 12.4% 54.6% N/A C2 Only barely discontinuous with retail along the rest of Fraser St. Dunbar St. W. 25th Ave. to W. 30th Ave 4.5 Stongs Small grocers Dunbar-Southlands $86,885 25.8% 13.2% 68.4% Dunbar Village B.I.A. C2 Wide variety of shops Victoria Dr. E. 47th Ave. to E. 51st Ave. 4 Small grocer; Fruit and Vegetable store Victoria-Fraserview $49,499 21.9% 17.1% 25.7% Victoria Drive B.I.A. C2 Retail is not continuous on both sides of the street. Significant sites currently under redevelopment. New retail appears to struggle. W. 10th Ave Tolmie St. to Discovery St. 3 Safeway Point Grey $77,079 21.5% 14.4% 71.6% Point Grey Village B.I.A. C2 Serves UBC students who arrive via public transit. Dunbar St. W. 16th Ave. to W. 19th Ave. 3 No Dunbar-Southlands $86,885 25.8% 13.2% 68.4% Dunbar Village B.I.A. C2 Commercial uses are not continuous Dunbar St. W. 39th Ave to W. 41st Ave. and east to Collingwood St. 3 Supermarket Dunbar-Southlands $86,885 25.8% 13.2% 68.4% Dunbar Village B.I.A. C2 41st is a busy street for auto traffic. Renfrew St. Gravely St. to E. 2nd Ave. 2.5 Several small markets Hastings-Sunrise $49,907 21.4% 16.2% 36.8% N/A C1 \"First Avenue Marketplace\" at E 1st Avenue and Renfrew St is an auto-oriented, regionally-serving Asian specialty mall. E. 41st and Knight T-shaped area at intersection 2 2 small grocers Sunset/ Victoria- Fraserview $50,405 23.3% 15.1% 25.3% N/A C1 Auto oriented retail. Only a few shops (spread out with parking). Nanaimo St. Graveley St. to E. 2nd Ave. 2 No Grandview Woodlands (west of Nanaimo)/ Hastings Sunrise (east of Nanaimo) $42,625 18.8% 13.3% 49.4% N/A C1 40% of the local area has Chinese as mother tongue. 1side of the ST. at Gravely. NOT LOCAL mostly a few ethnic restaurants and 2 gas stations and a 7-11 serving regional traffic on E 1st Rupert St & 22 Ave. E. 22nd to E. 23rd Ave. and around the T- intersection 1.5 Chong Lee Market Renfrew- Collingwood $47,320 21.9% 13.8% 25.5% N/A C1 43% of local area population has Chinese mother tongue. Some walkable, some auto- oriented uses such as supermarket and 7- 11. Nanaimo St. William St. to Charles St to Kitchener St. 1 Small Grocery Market Grandview- Woodlands (west of Nanaimo)/ Hastings Sunrise (east of Nanaimo) $42,625 18.8% 13.3% 49.4% N/A C1 Two blocks long, with one side of the street per block. Population of Grandview- Woodlands area has shrunk since 1996. Notes: Statistical data reflect the local area where each retail area is located. For local areas located along the border between two local areas, the average of the relevant data for both areas is shown. For the sake of comparison, the 2006 city-wide statistics were: 17.9% of the population was aged 19 and under 13.1% of the population was aged 65 and over 49.1% of the population spoke English as their mother tongue Mean annual household income was $47,299 All local area statistics for 2006 are from the City of Vancouver's Local Area Statistics website, at http://vancouver.ca/commsvcs/planning/census/2006/localareas/ CATEGORY Type Ground Code CATEGORY Type Ground Code AUTOMOTIVE RETAIL MERCHANDISE Automotive Auto Sales 67 Retail Merchandise Art / Framing 76 Automotive Gas Station 64 Retail Merchandise Bicycle Sales and Repairs 69 Automotive Service / Parts 66 Retail Merchandise Books / Cards / Stationery 70 Retail Merchandise Cameras / Photo 77 FOOD & DRUG RETAIL Retail Merchandise Clothing/ Drygoods 38 Food & Drug Retail Bakery / Butcher 7 Retail Merchandise Department Store 33 Food & Drug Retail Convenience Store 4 Retail Merchandise Dollar Store/ Variety Store 36 Food & Drug Retail Drugstore 9 Retail Merchandise Electronics / Computers / Cell Phones/ Radio & TV 61 Food & Drug Retail Grocer / Produce 2 Retail Merchandise Florist 83 Food & Drug Retail Other Food & Drug/ Deli 3 Retail Merchandise Furniture 62 Food & Drug Retail Pharmacy 8 Retail Merchandise Gifts 79 Food & Drug Retail Supermarket 1 Retail Merchandise Hardware / Houseware / Appliances / Garden Supplies/ Roofing/ Electrical/ Heating 56 Retail Merchandise Jewellery 54 FOOD SERVICE Retail Merchandise Liquor / Beer & Wine 82 Food Service Coffee Shop / Caf\u00C3\u00A9 14 Retail Merchandise Music, including CDs and Instruments 84 Food Service Fast food 11 Retail Merchandise Office Supplies/ Business Supplies/ Signs 72 Food Service Restaurant 12 Retail Merchandise Other Retail Merchandise/ Pet Food 37 Retail Merchandise Second Hand Merchandise/ Antiques 51 MISCELLANEOUS Retail Merchandise Shoes 55 Miscellaneous Bar / Nightclub/ Hall/Theatre 89 Retail Merchandise Sporting Goods 68 Miscellaneous Hotel 91 Retail Merchandise Toys / Hobbies 71 Miscellaneous Interior Mall / Strip Mall 90 Miscellaneous Office General 88 SERVICE Miscellaneous Parkade / Parking Lot 60 Service Accounting / Legal 29 Miscellaneous Residential 100 Service Bank / Credit Union / Money Exchange 28 Miscellaneous Warehouse WH Service Barber / Hairdresser / Beauty Salon / Spa 16 Service Dry Cleaner / Laundromat / Tailor 20 VACANCY Service Insurance / Real estate 27 Vacancy Vacant Lot 86 Service Medical / Dental 26 Vacancy Vacant Unit 87 Service Optometrist / Optical 31 Service Other Service + unclear use 25 Service Printing / Copying / Internet / Post Office / Post Boxes/ Photo Development 21 Service Shoe Repair 19 Service Travel Agent 17 Service Veterinarian, Pet Grooming 24 Service Video Rental 18 Ground Codes developed by Lewis Silberberg and used with permission. Text in grey indicates changes from his original set of codes. APPENDIX\t\r \u00C2\u00A0B Complete\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Set\t\r \u00C2\u00A0of\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ground\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Codes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 APPENDIX\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ground\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Codes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Mix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Categories Changes to the original set of ground code definitions as developed by Lewis Silberberg are noted in grey type. 1 Retail Mix Sub-Categories Silberberg Category Silberberg Type Ground Codes Convenience Goods and Services Supermarket Food & Drug Retail Supermarket 1 Other Grocery Grocer/Produce 2 Bakery/Butcher 7 Other Food & Drug/ Deli 3 Health Food & Drug Retail Pharmacy 8 Drugstore 9 Medical/Dental 26 Optometrist/ Optical 31 Dining Food Service Coffee Shop/Cafe 14 Restaurant 12 Fast Food 11 Convenience Retail Food & Drug Retail Convenience Store 4 Retail Merchandise Liquor/Beer & Wine 82 Convenience Services Service Barber/ Hairdresser/ Beauty Salon/ Spa 16 Dry Cleaner/ Laundromat/ Tailor 20 Shoe Repair 19 Video Rental 18 Bank/ Credit Union/ Money Exchange 28 Shoppers' Goods and Services Social/Entertainment Miscellaneous Bar/Nightclub/Hall/Theatre 89 Clothing Retail Retail Merchandise Clothing/ Drygoods 38 Shoes 55 Jewellery 54 Housewares, Hardware, Home Repair Retail Merchandise Hardware / Houseware / Appliances / Garden Supplies/ Roofing/ Electrical/ Heating 56 Furniture 62 General Stores Retail Merchandise Dollar Store/ Variety Store 36 Department Store 33 Second Hand Consumer Merchandise/ Antiques 51 APPENDIX\t\r \u00C2\u00A0C:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Ground\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Codes\t\r \u00C2\u00A0and\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Retail\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Mix\t\r \u00C2\u00A0Categories Changes to the original set of ground code definitions as developed by Lewis Silberberg are noted in grey type. 2 Leisure Supplies & Services Retail Merchandise Art / Framing 76 Books / Cards / Stationary 70 Cameras / Photo 77 Electronics / Computers / Cell Phones/ Radio & TV 61 Florist 83 Gifts 79 Music, including CDs and Instruments 84 Sporting Goods 68 Toys / Hobbies 71 Service Travel Agent 17 Pet Supplies and Services Service Veterinarian, Pet Grooming/ Pet Food 24 Other Miscellaneous Hotel 91 Retail Merchandise Other Retail Merchandise 37 Service Other Service/ Training 25 Transportation Automotive Gas Station 64 Auto Service 66 Auto Sales 67 Retail Merchandise Bicycle Sales and Repairs 69 Offices, Professional Services and Business Supplies Service Insurance/ Real Estate 27 Accounting/ Legal 29 Research and Design: Software, Web, Architecture, Interior Decorating 101 Retail Merchandise Office Supplies/ Business Supplies/ Commercial Signs/Courier 72 Miscellaneous Office General 88 Unknown Uses N/A Nature of business unclear 102 Coded Occupancy Data Dunbar Centre Shopping Area Block Locations Past Addresses Business Address - current addresses Date Built # of Strata Lots 1955 1955 Ground Codes 1970 1970 Ground Codes 1985 1985 Ground Codes 1998 1998 Ground Codes 2010 2010 Ground Codes 25th to 26th Ave - WEST 3621 W 26th 1992 33 residential- 33 units 100 residential- 33 units 100 4195 Dunbar Skuse Motors Garage 66 Dunbar Shell Service 66 Dunbar Shell Service 66 25th to 26th Ave - EAST 3595 W 26th 1999 35 residential- 35 units AND 4168 to 4198 Dunbar 100 4168 Dunbar \" Life Chiropractic 26 4180 Dunbar \" Aegis Mobility 26 4182 Dunbar \" Dunbar Spinal Decompression 26 4184 Dunbar Lovegrove Bob Service Station 64 Lovegrove Service Station 64 Lovegrove Service Station 64 4186 Dunbar \" Chaldecott Medical Clinic 26 4188 Dunbar \" Artistic Salon for Pets 24 4192 Dunbar \" Esther's Alterations 20 4196 Dunbar \" George's Hair Styling 16 4198 Dunbar \" Pharmasave Health Centre 8 3593 W. 26th Ave \" Kari's Hair & Esthetics 16 3591 W 26th Ave \" J'Aime Les Cheveux 16 26th to 27th Ave - WEST 3606 W 26th Ave 1990 residential 100 Terra Firma Design Ltd. 101 Terra Firma Design Ltd. 101 4205 Dunbar 1990 Stephens - Tully Florists 83 The Flower Studio 83 The Flower Studio 83 Royal Bank of Canada 28 Royal Bank of Canada 28 4207 Dunbar residential Wood J S Realty 27 Free Enterprise Party 25 Wood JS Realty Ltd Bennett C, Lawyer 27 4209 Dunbar Dunbar Appliances 56 Dunbar Tailors & Cleaners 20 Black & Lee Formal Wear Rentals 38 4211 Dunbar residential x 2 100 residential 100 4219 Dunbar 1928 Bordo's Interiors 56 Dunbar Cycles 69 Dunbar Cycles 69 4229 Dunbar Canada Safeway 1 Maria's Beauty Salon 16 Snip-It Hair Innovators 16 Skinetics Snip-it Hair Design 16 Peek-A-Boo Baby Boutique 38 Pennyrich of Canada 38 4231 Dunbar Spotless Cleaners 20 Vera's 102 Beantown Coffee Place 14 Beantown Coffee Place 14 4233 Dunbar 1926 residential - 2 residents 100 residential 100 residential - 2 residents 100 residential - 2 residents 100 residential - 2 residents 100 4235 Dunbar Joanne's Apparel Ladies' Wear 38 Treasure Trove Antiques 51 Kingswood Cottage 102 Camp Comfort Casuals 38 4243 Dunbar 1935 Hamilton A S Hardware 56 Black & Lee Formal Wear Rentals 38 Peppermintree Childrens Wear 38 Peppermintree Childrens Wear 38 Splash Toy Shop 71 International Costume Designers Ltd. 20 4245 Dunbar Jean Ferguson's Candies 3 Dunbar Fish & Chips 12 4253 Dunbar 1935 Devon Dairy 3 residential 100 Just Imagine Fun Clothing 38 4255 Dunbar Thomson Radio & Record Shop 61 Thomson Radio & TV 61 Thomson Television 61 Thomson Television 61 Jools Women's Clothing 38 4263 Dunbar 1937 Charm Beauty Salon 16 Dunbar Beauty Salon 16 Lynnette's Hair & Fashion Studio 16 Chancery Hairtech Group 16 Skinetics 16 4265 Dunbar Sunny Market Produce 2 Comox Market 4 Brick Oven Pizzeria 12 Brick Oven Pizzeria 12 Brick Oven Pizzeria 12 Italian Canadian Delicatessen 3 4273 Dunbar 1939 Sinclair Stores Men's Furnishing 38 Black & Lee Formal Wear Rentals 38 Kartz & Mclean Insurance Agencies Ltd. 27 A Touch of Wool 71 Chloe & Angus Fashion Design Studio 38 4275 Dunbar Harriott's Hosiery 38 Darr-Ella Apparel 38 Champlain Design 38 Beatrice Fashions Ltd Champlain Design 38 Carson Books 70 4293 Dunbar The Coffee Bar 14 4 Cats Arts Studio 76 4295 Dunbar 1939 MacGregor Drygoods 38 MacGregor Drygoods 38 MacGregor Drygoods 38 Intercom Insurance Services 27 Autoplan Insurance 27 APPENDIX\t\r \u00C2\u00A0D:\t\r \u00C2\u00A0\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 CODED\t\r \u00C2\u00A0CASE\t\r \u00C2\u00A0STUDY\t\r \u00C2\u00A0AREA\t\r \u00C2\u00A0OCCUPANCY\t\r \u00C2\u00A0DATA\t\r \u00C2\u00A0 AND BASIC\t\r \u00C2\u00A0RETAIL\t\r \u00C2\u00A0MIX\t\r \u00C2\u00A0ANALYSIS\t\r \u00C2\u00A0COUNT\t\r \u00C2\u00A0DATA 26th to 27th Ave - EAST 3590 W. 26th Ave 1997 37 residential- 37 units 100 4200 Dunbar TD Canada Trust 28 4202 Dunbar Dunbar 5 and 10-Cent Store 36 Store No. 611 102 Dunbar Cycles 69 4210 Dunbar Dr. Daisy Tang Dental Office 26 4212 Dunbar Michael Beauty Salon 16 Michael Beauty Salon 16 Michel Beauty Salon 16 4220 Dunbar H & R Block 29 4230 Dunbar Dunbar Fish & Chips 12 Moore Bill Realty 27 J & K Kitchen Stuffs Ltd. 56 4232 Dunbar Affleck Miss J Y milliner 38 Dunbar Roofing & General Contractors 56 Dunbar Roofing & General Contractors Ltd. 56 4236 Dunbar Kalugeroff C Shoe Repair 19 Gold Star Shoe Repair 19 4238 Dunbar Dunbar Dairy 3 Dunbar Cycles 69 Matinee Studio 38 Top Cut Barber 16 4244 Dunbar Dunbar Market Meats 7 Dunbar Meats 7 Dunbar Meats 7 4250 Dunbar Dunbar Cycles 69 Image Optometry 31 LANE 4256 Dunbar 1939 McTaggart Realty 27 Regent Heating 56 Regent Heating 56 Clay Electric Ltd Regent Heating Ltd 56 Regent Heating 56 4260 Dunbar Carlene Beauty Salon 16 Mr. Ntino's Coiffures 16 Kay's Beauty Salon 16 Kay's Beauty Salon 16 Vida Beautilities 16 4264 Dunbar Swartz C F Barber 16 Dunbar Men's Barbering & Hairstyling 16 Dunbar Men's Barbering & Hairstyling 16 Dunbar Barber 16 4268 Dunbar Dunbar Children's Wear 38 McTaggart Realty McTaggart & Wotherspoon 27 Dunbar Insurance Agency Ltd. 27 Dunbar Insurance Agency Ltd. 27 Germaine's Antiques 51 4288 Dunbar 1939 Dutch Bakery 7 Robert's Jeweller 54 Point Grey Jewellers 54 F T Golf Research Kwozzi Golfworks Inc 71 Wild Sushi 12 4290 Dunbar Dairydale 3 residential 100 residential 100 Omega Custom Framing & Gallery 76 Omega Custom Framing & Gallery 76 Ceber Development Ltd. 56 4292 Dunbar Stylemaster Tailors 20 S & K Shoe Store 55 Checkers Jr Clothing Co 38 Dunbar Toy Store Ltd. Christmas Parties Inc. 71 4294 Dunbar West & Hegler Real Estate 27 4298 Dunbar Clokie JFA physician 26 Clokie JFA physician 26 Doctor's Office - Dr. A Musial 26 Doctor's Office - Dr. A Musial 26 Doctor's Office - Dr. A Musial 26 27th to 28th Ave - WEST 3600 W. 27th Ave 1927 Wascana Block Apts - 6 residents100 residential - 4 residents 100 residential - 6 residents 100 residential/ non office 100 3608 W. 27th Ave ? residential 100 residential/ non office 100 4305 Dunbar 1927 Braemar Pharmacy 8 residential 100 residential 100 Olindas Handmade Clothing 38 4311 Dunbar Dunbar Lib & Gift Shop 79 Dunbar Gift Shop 79 Ashlee Cards & Gifts 70 Ashlee Cards & Gifts 70 Vacant 87 4315 Dunbar Kelowna Market and Grocer 2 Morton & Gale Radio 61 Enmark Jewlers 54 Enmark Jewlers 54 Enmark Jewlers 54 4321 Dunbar Ideal Bakery 7 Ideal Bakery 7 Ideal Bakery 7 Ideal Bakery 7 Butter Baked Goods 7 4331 Dunbar 1925 residential x 2 100 residential x 2 100 residential 100 residential 100 residential 100 4335 Dunbar Nest (The) Eggs and Poultry 3 Dunbar Distributors Dunbar Home Furnishings 56 Dunbar Bargain Mart 36 Curiosities Shop 79 Black Mountain Books 70 BC Motel Supply 72 4339 Dunbar Beaver Brand Fisheries 3 residential 100 residential 100 Vacant 87 4341 Dunbar 1925 Vacant 87 residential 100 residential 100 residential 100 residential 100 4345 Dunbar Roberts' Jeweller 54 Vancouver Driving School 25 Cloud Nine Ladies Apparel 38 Mainly Clothes 38 Odenza Homes 101 4345 Dunbar Chris' Caf\u00C3\u00A9 14 LANE 4355 Dunbar 1931 Cunningham Drugs 8 Fisher Pharmacy 8 Italian-Canadian Delicatessen 3 Dunbar Produce 2 4365 Dunbar Dunbar Hardware & Paints 56 4385 Dunbar 1930 Dunbar Barber Shop 16 Velma's Beauty Salon 16 Budget House of Beauty 16 Sushi Q 12 Sushi Q 12 4389 Dunbar Nicholls Anne Ltd. Ladies' Wear 38 Dunbar One Hour Martinizing 20 Money's Martinizing 20 Money's Drycleaning 20 Money's Drycleaning 20 4395 Dunbar B & K Econ Grocer 2 Bank of Montreal 28 Bank of Montreal 28 Bank of Montreal 28 Bank of Montreal 28 3641 W. 28th Ave 1986 9 residential 100 residential 100 Drs Ley & Elterman: Clinical & Forensic Psychologists 26 Drs Ley & Elterman: Clinical & Forensic Psychologists 26 27th to 28th Ave - EAST 3596 W 27th Ave 1947 Davidson Block: 8 residents + Chernen N dentist 26 Davidson Enterprises Ltd. 88 Davidson Enterprises Ltd. 88 Dunbar Acupuncture & Wellness Centre 26 Christensen H F physician 26 Dr. Norman Chernen 26 Dr. Norman Chernen 26 Dr. Colin Leech-Porter, Psychologist 26 Swetnam W J Ltd. Wholesale Lumber 88 4306 Dunbar Canadian Imperial Bank 28 Canadian Imperial Bank 28 Canadian Imperial Bank 28 Canadian Imperial Bank 28 Canadian Imperial Bank 28 4308 Dunbar Berry J Chiropractor 26 4316 Dunbar 1960 Mountain Dance Theatre 89 residential - 3 residents 100 4326 Dunbar residential 100 Stong's Market 1 Fisher Pharmasave Drugs 8 Shoppers Drug Mart 9 Shopper's Drug Mart 9 Future World Travel Inc. 17 Maher International Distributors Inc. 88 Sweet Investments Ltd. 29 4336 Dunbar Masonic Halls 89 Quantum Research Ltd. 101 J M & Associates Terrain Analysis Inc. 101 4338 Dunbar Buttons & Bows Novelties 71 4342 Dunbar residential 100 4344 Dunbar Dunbar Shoe Store 55 4348 Dunbar J K Shoe Repair 19 4356 Dunbar Preston Home Furnishings Interior Decorator 56 4364 Dunbar residential 100 4376 Dunbar residential 100 4392 Dunbar residential 100 28th to 29th Ave - WEST 3626 W. 28th 1985 22 new residential building with 9 households 100 residential - 16 residents 100 Residential Upstairs: multi- units 100 4407 Dunbar Jacobson A B Realty Ltd 27 Golden Coin Restaurant 12 4409 Dunbar Scott T H Jeweller 54 residential 100 4413 Dunbar Len's Grocer 2 Coin Laundry 20 4439 Dunbar Myers Cleaners & Weavers 20 Myers Cleaners 4441 Dunbar Rogers F Barber 16 4443 Dunbar Sanderson G F Shoe Repair 19 4445 Dunbar Qualitie Made Bakery 7 Quality Auto Electric 66 B C Teachers Credit Union (UBC Branch) 28 B C Teachers Credit Union (Oakridge Branch) 28 Dunbar VanCity 28 4447 Dunbar White Dove Spa 16 LANE 4451 Dunbar 1926 BC Pest Control Ltd. 25 BC Pest Control Ltd. 25 4455 Dunbar 1926 Mayfair Dairy 3 residential 100 residential 100 residential 100 Cosy Inn Caf\u00C3\u00A9 14 4465 Dunbar Sealey's Hardware 56 Dunbar Hardware 56 Dunbar Hardware 56 Dunbar Hardware 56 Elements Academy of Martial Arts 25 4467 Dunbar Lee Some Market 2 Loo M S Market 2 Lings Market 2 Starbucks Coffee 14 4474 Dunbar Qualitie Made Bakery Ltd 7 Qualitie Made Bakery Mac's Convenience Stores 7 4479 Dunbar Exmoor Meat Market 7 Dunbar Cleaners 20 Dunbar Cleaners & Dressmakers 20 Dunbar Cleaners & Dressmakers 20 Dunbar 1 Hr EnviroSafe Dry Cleaners 20 4485 Dunbar Dunbar Cleaners & Dyers 20 Espresso Pizza 12 Photo Station 77 Photo Station 77 4495 Dunbar Variety Village 36 Suzuki Motorcycle Centre 67 Sodas Diner 12 Heaven & Earth Flowers 83 4497 Dunbar The Dunbar Social House 89 3641 W 29th Ave 1980 3 residential 100 Nouwens Signs 72 Blenheim House + 1 resident 100 Black & Benjamin Lawyers 29 Ivy Montessori School 25 3625 W 29th Ave 1989? residential 100 residential 100 residential/ non office 100 28th to 29th Ave - EAST 4408 Dunbar Pride Cleaners 20 4410 Dunbar 1978 English Cottage Sweets 3 Dunbar Royalite M & N Distributors 88 Dunbar Laundromat & Drycleaning 20 G & S Laundromat and Dry Clearning 20 4414 Dunbar Dunbar Seafood Market 3 Asianda Food Express Ltd 12 Lucky Star Best Chinese Szechuan Restaurant 12 4418 Dunbar Simon's Fish & Chips 12 Simon's Kitchen 12 Simon's Kitchen Chinese Cuisine 12 4424 Dunbar Pyramid Pet Shop 37 Le Petit Gourmand Delicatessen Ltd. 3 Techno-Kids 25 Mexicali Mexican Food 12 4426 Dunbar Vacant 87 4428 Dunbar Video Plus 18 Video Plus 18 Nightwatch Video 18 4432 Dunbar Marvin Enterprise Corp 102 Valentino's Restaurant 12 The Shop Hair & Esthetics 16 4442 Dunbar Dunbar Carpet Centre 56 residential 100 4446 Dunbar What-Knot Shop Gifts 79 Macgregor Don Photography 76 Macgregor Don Photography 76 4448 Dunbar Marcel Jewelery 54 Davies Chimney & Roofing 56 Davies Chimney & Roofing Co Ltd. 56 4450 Dunbar 1947 residential 100 residential 100 residential 100 residential 100 Not retail space - office? storage? For Stong's Market 88 4454 Dunbar Apex Cleaners 20 4458 Dunbar Vacant 87 4464 Dunbar 1980 Morton & Gale Radio 61 Superior Cleaners 20 Old Western Pizza Inc. 12 Pizza Garden 12 4466 Dunbar Vacant 87 4470 Dunbar Masonic Hall 89 Mac's Convenience Store 4 4474 Dunbar Pacific Spirits Beer & Wine 82 4480 Dunbar Alpha Books 70 residential - 2 residents 100 4484 Dunbar Aetna Travel Ltd 17 George's Hairstyling Co. 16 Great Clips for Hair 16 4490 Dunbar Peppermint Patti's 102 Subway Sandwiches & Salads 12 Subway Sandwiches & Salads 12 4492 Dunbar Williams J G Service Station 64 29th and Dunbar Home Service 25 3804 W 29th Modern Decorators 101 Modern Decorators 101 Modern Decorators 101 residential 100 29th to 30th Ave - WEST 4515 Dunbar 1950 Vancouver Public Library 25 Vancouver Public Library 25 Vancouver Public Library 25 Vancouver Public Library 25 Vancouver Public Library 25 4531 Dunbar Dunbar Power Tool Rentals Vancouver Power Tool 56 Dunbar Power Tool Rentals Vancouver Power Tool Rentals 56 Dunbar Power Tool Rentals 56 Vancouver Power Tools 56 Dunbar Power Tool Rentals Kerrisdale Equipment Rentals 56 4533 Dunbar 1945 Wyall R S Dentist 26 residential 100 residential - 2 residents 100 residential 100 4535 Dunbar Arvig E Jeweler 54 Klip'n Kurl Beauty Salon 20 Rainbow Shoes 55 The Clippers Edge Barber Shop 16 4543 Dunbar 1926 Patterson Florist 83 Patterson's Florist 83 Patterson's Florist 83 Patterson's Florist 83 Alta Vista Animal Hospital 24 4545 Dunbar Doryern Caf\u00C3\u00A9 14 Dunbar Browse-Around 38 Dunbar Browse-Around Clothing Ltd. 38 Dunbar Browse-Around 38 4555 Dunbar 1935 Dunbar Theatre 89 Dunbar Theatre 89 Dunbar Theatre 89 Dunbar Theatre 89 Dunbar Theatre 89 4585 Dunbar 1973 Cheshire Cheese Inn 12 Cheshire Cheese Inn 12 Cheshire Cheese Inn 12 4593 Dunbar Empress Bakery 7 Kokopelli Caf\u00C3\u00A9 14 4595 Dunbar BA Service 30th and Dunbar 64 Art & Gordie's Dunbar Gulf Service 64 Color & Line 76 K & K Pet Foods 37 K & K Pet Foods 24 29th to 30th Ave - EAST 4508 Dunbar 1952 McDermott's Body Shop 66 McDermott's Body Shop 66 McDermott's Body Shop 66 McDermott's Body Shop 66 McDermott's Body Shop 66 4518 Dunbar Dunbar Music Studio 84 4528 Dunbar Southland Realty 27 4534 Dunbar - 1 residential 100 4534 Dunbar - 2 Stewart R J Dentist 26 4534 Dunbar - 3 Dunbar Dental Lab 26 4534 Dunbar - 4 residential 100 4538 Dunbar Anton's Hairdressing 26 4542 Dunbar George's Grocery 2 4544 Dunbar Wholesale Kitchenwares 56 4546 Dunbar Dunbar School of 25 4548 Dunbar residential 100 4554 Dunbar residential 100 4558 Dunbar residential 100 4560 Dunbar 1964 residential 100 Stong's Market 1 Stong's Market 1 Stong's Market 1 4590 Dunbar Dunbar Garage 66 Retail Mix Analysis - Dunbar Centre Shopping Area Number of Uses by Category 1955 1970 1985 1998 2010 All Business Uses 97 64 73 69 82 Convenience Goods and Services 50 23 28 32 51 Supermarkets 1 1 1 1 1 Other Grocery 19 3 7 4 2 Health 10 2 3 4 12 Dining 4 3 3 10 13 Convenience Retail 0 1 0 0 2 Convenience Services 16 13 14 13 21 Shoppers' Goods and Services 41 33 34 30 26 Social/ Entertainment 2 2 2 1 2 Clothing Retail 12 8 10 8 5 Housewares, Hardware, Home Repair 8 7 6 4 2 General Stores 1 2 1 0 1 Leisure supplies & services 8 5 8 11 7 Pet supplies and services 0 0 0 0 3 Transportation 7 6 5 2 2 Other 3 3 2 4 4 Office, Business Supplies & Professional Services 6 7 7 7 5 Unknown Uses 0 1 4 0 0 Breakdown of Convenience Services 1955 1970 1985 1998 2010 Barber/ Hairdresser/ Beauty Salon/ Spa 6 5 6 5 11 Dry Cleaner/ Laundromat/ Tailor 6 6 3 3 4 Shoe Repair 3 0 1 0 0 Video Rental 0 0 1 1 1 Bank/ Credit Union/ Money Exchange 1 2 3 4 5 Coded Occupancy Data Rupert and 22nd Shopping Area Block Location Business Address -Past Addresses Business Address - Current addresses Date Built 1955 1955 Ground Codes 1970 1970 Ground Codes 1985 1985 Ground Codes 1998 1998 Ground Codes 2010 2010 Ground Codes up to 3765 - residential 3281 E 22nd Ave. 1956 H&T Video Plus Video Plus H&T 18 e.tea Bubble Tea 14 3285 E 22nd Ave \" Vacant 87 Red Rose Beauty Salon Ltd. 16 Lovely Salon 16 3291 E 22nd Ave \" Lucky Bakery 7 Lucky Bakery 7 3295 E 22nd Ave \" 7-11 Food Stores 4 7-11 Food Stores 4 3745 Rupert Stong's Market 1 *Bryant Used Store Equipment Ltd. 72 Southwest Corner 3298 E. 22nd Ave 1920 Keller's Drugs 9 Douglas Tex Gas & Oil Inst Ltd. 88 Douglas Tex Gas & Oil Inst Ltd. 88 Rupert Fish Market 3 Rupert Fish Market 3 3815 Rupert Skidmore & Sons Grocer 2 Keller's United Pharmacy 8 Keller's Pharmasave Drugs 8 Universal Bakery 7 Universal Bakery 7 3831 Rupert 1948 Model Cleaners 20 Model Cleaners & Launderers Ltd. 20 Comic Land 70 Comic Land 70 MP Express (Media) 61 3833 Rupert Rupert Book Exchange 70 3835 Rupert Hostess Bakery 7 Totem-In Laundry 20 Burnco Enterprises Ltd 88 Pinky Laundromat 20 Pinky Laundromat 20 3845 Rupert 1986 residential 100 Hyperlight Enterprises 71 Comic Land 70 3849 Rupert residential 100 residential 100 3855 Rupert 1950 Renfrew Fruit Market 2 Linda Grocery 2 Linda Grocery 2 Linda's Grocery 2 Linda's Grocery 2 3869 Rupert 1949 Jerry's Hairstyling 16 Jerry's Hairstyling 16 Jerry's Barber Shop 16 3871 Rupert residential 100 residential 100 residential 100 residential 100 3874 Rupert Frank's Shoe Re-Nu 19 Joy's Beauty Bar 16 M J Hairstyling 16 M J Hairstyling 16 V-Na Hair Design 16 3874 Rupert Frank's Retail Notions 37 3883 Rupert 1962 Residential 100 Bud's Grill 12 Golden Fish Caf\u00C3\u00A9 12 Golden Fish Caf\u00C3\u00A9 14 Kimura Sushi & Japanese Cuisine 12 3885 Rupert Rupert Hardware 56 Rupert Italian & Canadian Delicatessen 3 Rupert Italian & Canadian Delicatessen 3 Tandoori House Restaurant 12 3895 Rupert 1978 Residential 100 Residential 100 Dr. Joseph Yick, Dentist 26 Dr. Joseph Yick, Dentist 26 Dr. Joseph Yick, Dentist 26 3295 E 23rd Ave 1978 Members of the Legislative Assembley & Cnsttncy New Democrats Glen Clark 88 Yong Shang Denturist & Accupuncture 26 Southeast Corner 3808 Rupert Bud's Grill 12 3810 Rupert Lucille's Beauty Salon 16 3850 Rupert Brown EG barber 16 *Stong's Markets Ltd (Store no 3) 1 3858 Rupert Anne's Kiddies Shoppe 38 3868 Rupert St. 1959 No even numbered addresses listed in the 3800 block for 1970. Golden Oscar Caf\u00C3\u00A9 & Restaurant 12 Golden Oscar Caf\u00C3\u00A9 & Restaurant 12 3888 Rupert St. \" Medical Office - Dr. Leah Wong 26 3898 Rupert St. \" Pop Beauty Salon 16 3304 E. 22nd Ave \" Little Ceasar's Pizza 12 Little Ceasar's Pizza 12 3308 E. 22nd Ave \" Chong Lee Market 1 Chong Lee Market 1 Retail Mix Analysis - Rupert and 22nd Shopping Area Number of Uses by Category 1955 1970 1985 1998 2010 All Business Uses 12 9 12 19 21 Convenience Goods and Services 9 7 8 16 19 Supermarkets 0 1 1 1 1 Other Grocery 3 1 2 5 4 Health 1 1 2 1 3 Dining 1 1 1 3 5 Convenience Retail 0 0 0 1 1 Convenience Services 4 3 2 5 5 Shoppers' Goods and Services 3 1 1 2 2 Social/ Entertainment 0 0 0 0 0 Clothing Retail 1 0 0 0 0 Housewares, Hardware, Home Repair 0 1 0 0 0 General Stores 0 0 0 0 0 Leisure supplies & services 1 0 1 2 2 Pet supplies and services 0 0 0 0 0 Transportation 0 0 0 0 0 Other 1 0 0 0 0 Office, Business Supplies & Professional Services 0 1 3 1 0 Unknown Uses 0 0 0 0 0 Breakdown of Convenience Services 1955 1970 1985 1998 2010 Barber/ Hairdresser/ Beauty Salon/ Spa 2 1 2 3 4 Dry Cleaner/ Laundromat/ Tailor 1 2 0 1 1 Shoe Repair 1 0 0 0 0 Video Rental 0 0 0 1 0 Bank/ Credit Union/ Money Exchange 0 0 0 0 0 Coded Occupancy Data Nanaimo and Charles Shopping Area Block Location Business Address - Past Addresses Business Address - current addresses Date Built # of Strata Lots 1955 Business Names 1955 Ground Codes 1970 Business Names 1970 Ground Codes 1985 Business Names 1985 Ground Codes 1998 Business Names 1998 Ground Codes 2010 Business Names 2010 Ground Codes West side, William to Charles (C1) 1205 Nanaimo 1967 Martin's Grocery 2 Nanaimo Street One Hour Martinizing 20 Nanaimo Street One Hour Martinizing 20 Classy Cleaner Nanaimo Street One Hour Martinizing 20 Shima's Lawnmower Shop 37 1209 Nanaimo Handy Gift Shop 79 1211 Nanaimo \" residential - 1 resident 100 Sabor Latino Bakery 7 1215 Nanaimo 1960 residential 100 Dental Clinic 26 residential - 1 resident 100 Sunnyview Dental Centre 26 1217 Nanaimo \" Aquarian Truth Centre 25 1219 Nanaimo \" Marine Workers & Boiler- makers Industrial Union Loc No 1 88 Dato Hair Design 16 Envirosafety Confined Space Equipment 72 1235 Nanaimo 1945 Studio Cleaners 20 Perfect Cleaners 20 residential Nana Pasta Bar & Grill 12 1237 Nanaimo Willchar Hairdressing Salon 16 Stylette Coiffures 16 1243 Nanaimo Nanaimo Estates 27 1245 Nanaimo Nanaimo Shoe Renew 19 1283 - 9 Nanaimo Refrigerator Refinishers & Sales 56 1285 Nanaimo Nanaimo & Charles Service Station 64 Nanaimo & Charles Service 64 Vito's Texaco 64 \" Jack's Fish & Chips 12 1263 Nanaimo 2004 22 Gateway Appraisal & Consulting Corp. 27 1269 Nanaimo Gateway Appraisal & Consulting Corp. 1273 Nanaimo Gateway Appraisal & Consulting Corp. 1279 Nanaimo Vancouver Wellness Chiropractic 26 1289 Nanaimo Westcoast Family Medicine 26 1293 Nanaimo X-Treme Image Family Hair Salon 16 1299 Nanaimo Nanaimo Pharmacy 8 2389 Charles (strata) - includes shops on Nanaimo residential 100 East side, William to Charles (C1) 1208 Nanaimo Economy Hardware 56 1222 Nanaimo residential - 1 resident 100 1224 Nanaimo Nanaimo Grocery 2 1236 Nanaimo Vacant 87 1238 Nanaimo Alberta Estates Ltd. 27 1250 Nanaimo Reynolds Radio & Electronics 61 1252 Nanaimo Nanaimo Barber Shop 16 1260 Nanaimo 1960-1988 Canada Safeway 1 Canada Safeway 1 1266 Nanaimo residential - 1 resident 1276 Nanaimo Irish Cleaner 20 1280 Nanaimo Hahn J Variety Store 36 1296 Nanaimo Rodo Lunch 12 1212, 18, 28, 32, 38, 62, 78, 88, 98 1994 28 house- holds residential - 9 units 100 residential - 9 units 100 2475 Charles St Acklet G H Chartered Accountant 25 Ernie's Disposal & Clean-Up 25 Charles St. West of Nanaimo3 houses - residential (2346, 2356 & 2366) East side, Charles to Kitchener 2410 Charles St 2002 L3 Design & Core Information Technologies 101 2412 Charles St Nanaimo Shoe Repair 19 1310 Nanaimo 2002 East End Pharmacy 8 Rex - B Pharmacy 8 Nostalgia Hair Design 16 Eleonora Hair Style Estetica & Facial Hong May's Hair Design 16 Prince Dry Cleaners 20 \" Rexmar Beauty Bar 16 1316 Nanaimo \" Koda Klothing 38 1320 Nanaimo Economy Meat Market 7 Economy Meat Market 7 Skookum Prints 76 Nanaimo Sport Bar 89 1336 Nanaimo 1930 Barkers Grocery 2 Polar Refridgeration Service 56 Factory To You Fashions 38 Boccoli Hair for Men & Women 16 1340 Nanaimo \" Healthway Bakery 7 Nanaimo Beauty Bar 16 Nanaimo Beauty Bar 16 Boccoli Hair for Men & Women 16 Sun Hut Tanning Salon 16 1350 Nanaimo 1930 Nanaimo Marketeria 4 residential - 1 resident 100 Wong's Food Store Ltd. 2 Nanaimo Food Market 2 Nanaimo Grocery Market 2 1360 Nanaimo 1930 Joe's Shoe Renew 19 Classic Shoes 55 Positano Pizza 12 New York Foods Inc. 3 New York Foods Catering 3 1367 Nanaimo \" Kitchenette Grocery 2 San Marco Jewelers 54 San Marco Jewelers 54 San Marco Jewelers 54 1370 Nanaimo 1930 Bings Grocery 2 Renzullo Food Market 2 Renzullo Food Market 3 Renzullo Food Market 3 Renzullo Food Market 3 1386 Nanaimo ? A-1 Bus Line Pick-Up Ltd. 88 Panago Pizza 12 1386 Nanaimo Kwiki Courier Ltd. 72 1390 Nanaimo 1977 Bailey's D Service Station 64 Joe's Automotive Service 64 residential - 4 residents residential - 1 resident 100 Calypso Montessori School 25 1394 Nanaimo \" Espresso Bar 2000 14 Dragon Video 18 Retail Mix Analysis - Nanaimo and Charles Shopping Area Number of Uses by Category 1955 1970 1985 1998 2010 All Business Uses 27 15 15 11 22 Convenience Goods and Services 17 9 9 9 14 Supermarkets 0 1 1 0 0 Other Grocery 7 2 2 3 4 Health 1 1 1 0 4 Dining 2 0 2 0 2 Convenience Retail 1 0 0 0 0 Convenience Services 6 5 3 6 4 Shoppers' Goods and Services 8 5 4 2 5 Social/ Entertainment 0 0 0 1 0 Clothing Retail 0 1 2 1 2 Housewares, Hardware, Home Repair 2 1 0 0 0 General Stores 1 0 0 0 0 Leisure supplies & services 2 0 1 0 0 Pet supplies and services 0 0 0 0 0 Transportation 2 2 1 0 0 Other 1 1 0 0 3 Office, Business Supplies & Professional Services 2 1 2 0 3 Unknown Uses 0 0 0 0 0 Breakdown of Convenience Services 1955 1970 1985 1998 2010 Barber/ Hairdresser/ Beauty Salon/ Spa 2 3 2 3 3 Dry Cleaner/ Laundromat/ Tailor 2 2 1 1 1 Shoe Repair 2 0 0 1 0 Video Rental 0 0 0 1 0 Bank/ Credit Union/ Money Exchange 0 0 0 0 0"@en . "Graduating Project"@en . "10.14288/1.0102523"@en . "eng"@en . "Unreviewed"@en . "Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library"@en . "Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International"@en . "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"@en . "Graduate"@en . "University of British Columbia. SCARP Graduating Projects"@en . "Urban shopping"@en . "Local shopping"@en . "Shopping areas"@en . "Retail"@en . "Neighbourhood"@en . "Neighbourhood Retail Change: The Evolution of Local Shopping Areas in Vancouver, BC"@en . "Text"@en . "http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29621"@en .