{"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.14288\/1.0349173":{"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/terms#identifierAIP":[{"value":"67df2a3e-4f94-43bb-8fb4-842708644297","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/dataProvider":[{"value":"CONTENTdm","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/alternative":[{"value":"REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/isReferencedBy":[{"value":"http:\/\/resolve.library.ubc.ca\/cgi-bin\/catsearch?bid=1198198","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/isPartOf":[{"value":"Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/creator":[{"value":"British Columbia. Legislative Assembly","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/issued":[{"value":"2017-08-01","type":"literal","lang":"en"},{"value":"[1958]","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/aggregatedCHO":[{"value":"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/collections\/bcsessional\/items\/1.0349173\/source.json","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/extent":[{"value":"Foldout Map: Figure 3 EASTERN PART OF THE IRON MASK BATHOLITH; Foldout Map: Figure 4 MAKAOO DEVELOPMENT COMPANY COPPER HEAD AND PYTHON WORKINGS; Foldout Map: Figure 5 IRON MASK MINE; Foldout Map: Figure 10 COWICHAN COPPER MINE 1340 level in vicinity of \"H\" orebody","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/format":[{"value":"application\/pdf","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2009\/08\/skos-reference\/skos.html#note":[{"value":" Lode Metals\nCONTENTS\nPage\nGeneral Review       9\nNotes on Metal Mines\u2014\nRainy Hollow\u2014\nMaid of Erin (St. Eugene Mining Corporation Limited)     11\nMcDame\u2014\nMount Haskin\u2014\nNorthwestern Explorations, Limited     11\nReed (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada,\nLimited)     11\nTaku River\u2014\nBig Bull, Tulsequah Chief (Tulsequah Mines, Limited)     12\nStikine\u2014\nCallison Copper (Brikon Explorations Limited)     14\nBUY and HAB (Hudson Bay Exploration and Development Company\nLimited)     14\nWindy (Conwest Exploration Company Limited)     14\nUnuk River\u2014\nGranduc (Granduc Mines, Limited)     15\nSouth Leduc (Northwest Ventures Ltd.)     17\nPortland Canal\u2014\nSalmon River\u2014\nSilbak Premier Mines Limited     17\nSilver Tip (Silver Tip Gold Mines Limited)     18\nAmerican Creek\u2014\nArgentine (Canadian Exploration Limited)     18\nMaple Bay\u2014\nMaple Bay Copper Mines Limited     18\nAlice Arm\u2014\nToric (Torbrit Silver Mines Limited)     19\nBoulder (Torbrit Silver Mines Limited)     21\nKinskuch, Reina Blanca (Northwestern Explorations, Limited)     21\nObservatory Inlet\u2014\nAny ox (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada,\nLimited)     21\nDouble Ed (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada,\nLimited)     22\nMoresby Island\u2014\nSwede (New Jersey Zinc Explorations Company (Canada) Ltd.)     22\nMcMillin (Silver Standard Mines Limited)     22\nTassoo     22\nBella Coola\u2014\nTorger Copper (Silver Standard Mines Limited)     22\nPorcher Island\u2014\nStar (Utah Co. of the Americas)     23 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nNotes on Metal Mines\u2014Continued\nHazelton\u2014\nSilver Standard (Silver Standard Mines Limited).\nThree Hills (Silver Standard Mines Limited)\t\nPage\n     23\n     25\nErie (Silver Standard Mines Limited)___      26\nSmithers\u2014\nDuthie (Sil-Van Consolidated Mining & Milling Company Ltd.)     26\nCronin Babine (New Cronin Babine Mines Limited)     27\nTopley\u2014\nTopley Richfield (Silver Standard Mines Limited)     28\nFraser Lake\u2014\u2022\nAbe, Babs, Ike, Pat, Zeke, Wow (American Standard Mines Limited)     28\nOmineca\u2014\u25a0\nBabine Lake\u2014\nMcDonald Island (The Granby Consolidated Mining Smelting and\nPower Company Limited)\t\nFrench Peak\u2014\nRio Canadian Exploration Ltd\t\nFort St. James\u2014\n29\n29\n29\nDA. (Canadian Exploration Limited)\t\nIngenika River\u2014\nFerguson (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada,\nLimited)     30\nSwannell (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada,\nLimited)     3 0\nUpper Fraser River\u2014\nHansard\u2014\nRio Canadian Exploration Ltd     30\nHutton\u2014\nRio Canadian Exploration Ltd     31\nCariboo\u2014\u25a0\nWells-Barkerville\u2014\nAurum and Cariboo Gold Quartz (The Cariboo Gold Quartz Mining\nCompany Limited)\t\nQuesnel\u2014\nYanks Peak\u2014\nJim\t\nMouse Mountain\u2014\n31\n33\n33\nMouse Mountain Nos. 1 to 15\t\nWilliams Lake\u2014\nMcLeese Lake\u2014\nIron Mountain .     3 3\nNi     34\nLac la Hache\u2014\nTakomkane (Big Timothy) Mountain\u2014\nBoss Mountain (Climax Molybdenum Company)     34\nTaseko Lake\u2014\u25a0\nMohawk and Spokane (Canadian Exploration Limited)     35\nClinton\u2014\nPoison Mountain\u2014\nCopper Nos. 1 to 4 (The Granby Consolidated Mining Smelting and\nPower Company Limited)     35 LODE METALS 3\nNotes on Metal Mines\u2014Continued\nLillooet\u2014\nBlue Creek\u2014 page\nElizabeth  37\nBridge River\u2014\nBralorne Mines Limited  3 7\nPioneer Gold Mines of B.C. Limited  39\nLittle Gem (Northern Gem Mining Corporation Ltd.)  40\nCayoosh Creek\u2014\nDry Gulch  41\nRusty Creek\u2014\nCopper King (Highland Valley Mining Corporation Ltd.)  41\nHighland Valley  41\nKrain Copper Ltd  43\nSalmo Prince Mines Limited  43\nTrojan Consolidated Mines Ltd  43\nNorthlodge Copper Mines Limited  44\nBeaver, Outrider, D.W  44\nBethlehem Copper Corporation Ltd  45\nBethsaida Copper Mines Limited  45\nGraham Bousquet Gold Mines Limited  45\nLaco Mines Limited  45\nVictor (Skeena Silver Mines Ltd.)  46\nJericho Mines Ltd  46\nMeadow Creek\u2014\nDunmore Mines Ltd  46\nGuichon Creek\u2014\nNorthwestern Explorations, Limited  46\nNicola\u2014\nCopperado (Western Copperada Mining Corporation)  47\nKamloops\u2014\nDeposits Associated with the Eastern Part of the Iron Mask Batholith\nnear Kamloops  47\nMakaoo Development Company Limited  54\nGalaxy Minerals Ltd  57\nInland Copper Mines Ltd  58\nIron Mask (Kamloops Copper Company Ltd.)  58\nAjax and Monte Carlo  (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting\nCompany of Canada, Limited)  63\nCommercial Minerals Limited  67\nOther Mineralized Localities  68\nClearwater\u2014\nTrophy Mountain\u2014\nAsh, Cam, etc. (Goldcrest Mines Ltd., Ormsby Mines Ltd.)  69\nBirch Island\u2014 >\nRexspar Uranium & Metals Mining Company Limited  70\nTulameen River\u2014\nSummit Camp\u2014\nSilver Hill Mines Ltd  71\nSimilkameen River\u2014\nRed Star (Woodbury Mines Limited)  71 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nNotes on Metal Mines\u2014Continued\nCopper Mountain\u2014\nCopper Mountain (The Granby Consolidated Mining Smelting and Power\nCompany Limited)\t\nHedley\u2014\nFrench (French Mines Ltd.)\t\nOlalla\u2014\nOlalla Mines Limited\t\nFairview Camp\u2014\nFairview (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada,\nLimited)\t\nBeaverdell\u2014\nHighland-Bell (Highland-Bell Limited)\t\nGreenwood\u2014\nGreyhound-\nMother Lode (Woodgreen Copper Mines Limited).\nCopper Queen (Aztec Exploration Ltd.)\t\nPhoenix\u2014\nPhoenix Copper Company Limited\t\nEholt\u2014\nNoranda Exploration Company, Limited\t\nRossland\u2014\nVelvet (Mid-West Copper & Uranium Mines Ltd.)_\nSnowdrop (Snowdrop Mining Company Ltd.)_\nO.K., Midnight, I.X.L. (Midnight Consolidated Mines Ltd.).\nCrescent Valley\u2014\nLucky Boy\t\nNelson\u2014\nBil Mecky, Archer\t\nQueen Victoria\t\nEureka (Copper Leaf Mines Limited) _\nSilver King\t\nHungry Man-\nDeer Horn (Bartlet).\nSalmo\u2014\nLucky Boy\t\nErie Creek-\nGo Lucky, Hard Luck\nSheep Creek\u2014\nNugget\t\nQueen\t\nIron Mountain\u2014\nEmerald, Jersey, Dodger, Feeney (Canadian Exploration Limited)\nAspen Creek\u2014\nH.B. (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada,\nLimited)\t\nNelway\u2014\nReeves MacDonald Mines Limited\t\nBoundary Lake\u2014\nCopper Queen\t\nPage\n72\n73\n73\n74\n74\n75\n75\n75\n75\n75\n76\n76\n77\n77\n77\n78\n78\n79\n79\n79\n80\n80\n80\n80\n80\n83\n85\n85 LODE METALS 5\nNotes on Metal Mines\u2014Continued\nSouth Kootenay Lake\u2014\nNext Creek\u2014 page\nSpokane  86\nSanca\u2014\nLakeview (Blumont Mines Ltd.)  86\nBoswell\u2014\nHope  87\nNorth Kootenay Lake\u2014\nCrawford Creek\u2014\nUnited Copper  87\nSanta Fe  88\nDixie  89\nRiondel\u2014\nBluebell (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited)  89\nTam O'Shanter, etc  90\nAinsworth\u2014\nHighlander, etc. (Yale Lead & Zinc Mines Limited)  91\nKootenay Florence (Western Mines Limited)  91\nHighland  91\nHercules, Silver Glance (Triumph Mines Limited)  92\nTariff  92\nLaura M .  92\nWoodbury Creek\u2014\nAmazon (Kaslo Base Metals, Ltd.)  92\nCan-Amer Mining & Milling Company Ltd  93\nPaddy Peak\u2014\nUtica  93\nRetallack-Three Forks\u2014\nCaledonia  93\nWhitewater  93\nMin, Cork  93\nSandon\u2014\nSilversmith, etc. (Carnegie Mines of British Columbia, Ltd.)  94\nNoble Five, etc. (Cody-Reco Mines Limited)  94\nVictor (Violamac Mines Limited)  95\nLone Bachelor (Lone Bachelor Mines Limited)  95\nHinckley  95\nWonderful (Silver Ridge Mining Company Limited)  95\nDiscovery Fraction  96\nSlocan Lake\u2014\nMammoth, Standard, Enterprise, Monarch (Western Exploration Company Limited)  9 6\nBosun (New Santiago Mines Limited)  96\nVan Roi, Hewitt (Slocan Van Roi Mines Limited)  97\nGalena Farm  98\nNoonday  98\nA.U. (Lucky Thought)  98\nFisher Maiden  9 8\nWestmont  98\nAustin  98\nBoomerang  99 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nNotes on Metal Mines\u2014Continued\nSpringer Creek\u2014\nOttawa (Ottawa Silver Mining & Milling Company)\t\nLower Arrow Lake\u2014\nPromistora\t\nNorth Lardeau\u2014\nSpider, Eclipse, etc. (Sunshine Lardeau Mines Limited).\nBeatrice (Beatrice Mining Co. Ltd.)\t\nSouth Lardeau\u2014\nJ.G\t\nMoonshine, Right Bower (Willett Mines Ltd.) _\nCreston\u2014\nBob\t\nKing\nAurea\t\nCreston Hill (Bon Ton Syndicate).\nMay-Bee\t\nM.B\t\nCranbrook\u2014\nCampsall\t\nKing\nSt. Mary River\u2014\nMystery (Green Bay Mining & Exploration Ltd.)\t\nBoy Scout (Thomas Consolidated Mines Incorporated)\t\nKlMBERLEY\t\nSullivan (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada,\nLimited)\t\nFort Steele\u2014\nKootenay-Selkirk\t\nWindermere\u2014\nToby Creek\u2014\nMineral King (Sheep Creek Mines Limited)\t\nRed Ledge\t\nPage\n99\n99\n99\n105\n106\n106\n106\n106\n107\n107\n107\n107\n108\n108\n108\n108\n108\n109\nHorsethief Creek\u2014\nPtarmigan\t\nSwansea Mountain\u2014\nCu (Mid-West Copper & Uranium Mines Ltd.)_\nSpillimacheen\u2014\nSilver Giant (Giant Mascot Mines Limited)\t\nLead Mountain (Giant Mascot Mines Limited)\t\nVowell Creek\u2014\nRuth-Vermont (Rio Canadian Exploration Ltd.)\nRevelstoke\u2014\nKing Fissure (American Standard Mines Limited)\t\nSkagit River\u2014\nA.M. (Canam Copper Company Ltd.)\t\nCheam Range\u2014\nLucky Four (Rico Copper Mines Limited)\t\nHowe Sound\u2014\nBritannia Mining and Smelting Co. Limited\t\nTexada Island\u2014\nTexada Mines Ltd\t\n110\n110\n111\n111\n111\n112\n112\n114\n114\n115\n115\n116 LODE METALS\nnlETAL Mines\u2014Continued\njver Island\u2014\nlatsino\u2014\nYreka (Noranda Exploration Company, Limited)\nnson (Elk) Lake\u2014\nOld Sport (Coast Copper Company, Limited)\nPage\n117\n117\nEmpire Development Company Limited  117\nhsis Inlet\u2014\nStar of the West (Rosea Copper Mines Ltd.)  119\nSydney Inlet\u2014\nIndian Chief  .119\nUpper Quinsam Lake-\nIron Hill (Argonaut Mine) (Utah Co. of the Americas).\nTsolum River\u2014\nDomineer (Mt. Washington Copper Co. Ltd.)\t\nCowichan Lake\u2014\nBlue Grouse (Cowichan Copper Co. Ltd.)\t\nLorry\t\nFraser\t\nNitinat\t\nNadira Mines Limited\t\nAvallin\t\nTanitin\t\nJordan River\u2014\n119\n119\n120\n122\n122\n122\n123\n124\n124\nSunloch and Gabbro (Sumo Mines Limited)  124\nIron-ore Deposits in Coastal and Southwestern British Columbia\u2014\nContact Metamorphic Deposits\u2014\nTassoo (Wesfrob Mines Limited)  125\nStar (Utah Co. of the Americas)  129\nTexada Mines Ltd\t\nIron River (Utah Co. of the Americas)\t\nGlengarry and Stormont (Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited)\nKlaanch\t\nTaconite Deposits\u2014\nLady A\t\nE.B.V\t\nPyroxenite Deposits\u2014\nLodestone Mountain\t\n129\n131\n131\n133\n135\n136\n136  GENERAL REVIEW\nThe average prices of all principal metals except gold were higher in 1956 than in\n1955. Gold was valued at 9 cents per ounce less in Canadian funds. The price of silver\nvaried only slightly during the year and averaged lV_t cents per ounce higher than in\n1955. The United States price of export copper rose from 45.57 cents at the start of\nthe year to a record high of 49.121 cents on March 21st, and sank to 33.58 cents at the\nyear-end. The average price of copper in Canadian funds was XVi cents per pound\nhigher than in 1955. The prices of New York lead and East St. Louis zinc were steady\nfor the greater part of the year, being 16 cents per pound and 13.5 cents per pound\nrespectively; these represented increases above the average 1955 prices of approximately\n0.8 cent for lead and approximately 1.2 cents for zinc.\nGold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc produced at British Columbia lode mines in\n1956 had a gross value of $135,113,813. Miscellaneous metals, including iron ore,\ntungsten, tin, and minor metals recovered at the Trail smelter, had a gross value of\n$14,327,010. The total quantity of ore mined at all lode mines amounted to 8,824,440\ntons and came from seventy mines, of which forty produced 100 tons or more. The\naverage number employed in the lode-mining industry in 1956, including mines, concentrators, and smelters, was 9,846.\nIn 1956 thirty mills were operated, twenty-one of them throughout the year. Three\nmills were reopened, one of them being the Silbak Premier mill, which operated at\ncapacity only five days before it was destroyed by fire. The others were the Van Roi\nand Cronin mills. Two new mills came into production\u2014one at the old Velvet mine\nnear Rossland and the other at the Silver Hill property on Tulameen River. Four mills\naccepted custom ore; two of these had no regular source of ore. The magnetic concentrator of Texada Mines Ltd. was modified to effect wet separation and the production\nof a copper concentrate in addition to the magnetite concentrate.\nThe Trail smelter recorded custom receipts of 1,008 tons of crude ore, 9,832 tons\nof lead concentrates, and 6,049 tons of zinc concentrates from properties in British\nColumbia. Totals of approximately 31,000 tons of lead concentrates and approximately\n81,000 tons of zinc concentrates were shipped out of the country for smelting. Copper\nconcentrates and ores, and dross from the Trail smelter were shipped to the Tacoma\nsmelter. Concentrated iron ore was shipped to Japan. Tungsten concentrates were\nsold to the United States Government under contract.\nGold production was sharply reduced, largely in consequence of the closing of the\nNickel Plate mine in 1955. In 1956 there were only three producing gold mines left\u2014\nCariboo Gold Quartz, Bralorne, and Pioneer. The French mine, which had been worked\nas a small seasonal operation in conjunction with the Nickel Plate, was purchased from\nKelowna Mines Hedley Limited by The Cariboo Gold Quartz Mining Company Limited.\nTo operate the mine, French Mines Limited was formed, the first new gold-mining\ncompany in several years.\nSilver, lead, and zinc were mined and sought for at a satisfactory rate. The Silbak\nPremier reopened after being shut down since 1952, but unfortunately the mill was\ndestroyed by fire after only a few days of capacity operation. Exploration at the Kootenay Florence at Ainsworth reached a stage that promised production. Investigation\nbegan of the Ferguson mine on Ingenika River. A discovery of silver-lead was made on\nTootsee Lake on the Alaska Highway, and of silver-lead-zinc near Revelstoke.\nCopper deposits and copper-bearing areas were investigated throughout the Province.\nAt Rainy Hollow copper-silver ore was shipped from the Maid of Erin; at Granduc,\nshaft-sinking commenced; at Greenwood, a 1,000-ton mill was under construction, and\nseveral ore zones known from former operations were diamond drilled; on Vancouver\nIsland, investigation of ore zones continued.   One dissident note was the decision by the 10\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956\nGranby Company to suspend operations at Copper Mountain. The outstanding event\nwas the start of drilling of the Bethlehem Copper property in Highland Valley by\nAmerican Smelting and Refining Company, and although no official statement was made\nby the end of 1956 regarding tonnage, production at some future time was assured.\nLow-grade but extensive copper mineralization in south central British Columbia\nwas the object of much activity. A total of 7,324 mineral claims were located in\nKamloops Mining Division, and about 6,000 of these were in the Highland Valley-\nKamloops-Merritt area. A record number of 26,170 claims was located in the Province\nin 1956, a number four and a half times the last ten-year average.\nMuch exploration was conducted with the aid of geophysical and geochemical\nsurveys. This was most evident in the case of copper deposits in south central British\nColumbia, but was true of other metals and other areas. Modern techniques permitted\nreappraisal of many showings which had been known for years but which apparently\ndid not warrant physical work being done on them.\nA discovery of nickel ore was made north of Telegraph Creek, and cinnabar was\nfound on the Pinchi Lake fault zone near Fort St. James. Drilling of the Boss Mountain\ndeposit near Lac la Hache indicated considerably more molybdenite than was previously\nrecognized there.\nThe Iron Hill magnetite deposit became exhausted, although clean-up work continued and plans were made to open the Iron River deposit near by. Diamond drilling\nat Tasu Sound showed a considerable quantity of chalcopyrite-bearing magnetite. The\nProvincial Government conducted air-borne magnetometer surveys on Texada Island\nand in the general vicinity of Campbell River. The resulting magnetic maps were made\navailable to the public in 1957.\nExploration activity in the north, which has been gradually increasing with modern\nmeans of air transport, was spurred by the prospect of a road from Dease Lake to the\nBritish Columbia coast south of the Alaska panhandle. The Geological Survey of Canada\nin 1956 performed a history-making exploit by geologically mapping in one season 25,000\nsquare miles at a scale of 1 inch to 4 miles. Helicopter-assisted Operation Stikine was\nconducted by E. F. Roots and six other field officers, and will make available an\nunprecedented amount of basic information in a very short time. Company exploration\nactivity greatly increased, and many Provincial and Canadian companies were engaged\nin prospecting and the examination of showings over a wide area. The greatest general\nconcentration of activity was in Stikine River drainage. LODE METALS\n11\nNOTES ON METAL MINES\nRAINY HOLLOW*\nCopper, Silver\n(59\u00b0 136\u00b0 N.W.) Company office, Suite 401-5, 402 West Pen-\nMaid of Erin der Street, Vancouver. Allan J. Anderson, president. Capital:\n(St. Eugene Mining 3,000,000 shares, $1 par value.   The St. Eugene Mining Corpo-\nCorporation        ration owns the Maid of Erin and thirteen other Crown-granted\nLimited) claims and four full and two fractional recorded claims.    The\nproperty is on the southwestern slope of Mineral Mountain, 3 miles\nwest of the hairpin bend in the Haines road at Rainy Hollow.   This area, in the extreme\nnorthwest corner of the Province, is accessible from the Alaska Highway via the Haines\ncut-off road 100 miles west of Whitehorse, or from the south via Haines, Alaska.\nThe showings on the Maid of Erin claim consist of flat-lying bornite-chalcopyrite\nreplacement deposits associated with skarn and marble. The claim was originally located\nin 1903 and was Crown-granted in 1910. Development work was done at intervals from\n1907 to 1928, and the showings were explored by an incline, several open-cuts, a vertical\nshaft, two short adits, and four diamond-drill holes. Sorted ore totalling 157 tons was\nshipped in the years between 1911 and 1922.\nThe present company began work on the property in 1955 when a 4-mile road from\nMile 53 on the Haines road to the property was partly completed. Work in 1956 was\nstarted on May 25th and continued until October 6th. The road to the property was\ncompleted, and a total of 3,463 tons of copper-silver ore was mined by open-pit methods.\nThe ore was hauled by truck from the mine to tidewater at Haines, a distance of 56 miles,\nand from there was shipped by scow to the Tacoma smelter. Five short holes were\ndiamond drilled, totalling 260 feet. A crew averaging ten men was employed under the\nsupervision of C. M. Campbell, Jr.\n[Reference: Watson, K. de P.: The Squaw Creek-Rainy Hollow Area, Northern\nBritish Columbia, B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. 25, pp. 42-47.]\nMcDAME*\nMount Haskin (59\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.E.)\nLead-Zinc\nCompany office, 402 West Pender Street, Vancouver.    Capital:\nNorthwestern       5,000 shares,  $100 par value.   This property comprises forty\nExplorations,       claims optioned in May, 1956, from R. L. McKamey, Glen Hope,\nLimited and J. W. Thompson, and sixty-nine claims held by record.   The\nproperty is on Mount Haskin, 14 miles east of Cassiar and 4 miles\nnorth of McDame Creek. The showings are reported to be of lead-zinc mineralization\noccurring at a contact between limestone and chert of the Atan group of rocks. The best\nexposures are reported to occur on the west-dipping limb of an anticline, where mineralization ranges in thickness from a few inches to as much as 20 feet.\nA jeep-road 4.3 miles long was built from the Cassiar road to the property, and some\ntrenching was done by D8 bulldozer. Four holes were diamond drilled, totalling 1,128\nfeet.   Surface exposures of mineralization were mapped and sampled.\n[Reference: Geol. Surv., Canada, Preliminary Map 54-10, McDame, British Columbia, 1954.]\nReed (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited).\u2014\nThis property is 15 miles east of Cassiar and comprises fifteen located claims optioned\nfrom J. Reed. The principal showing is reported to consist of a vein mineralized with lead\n* By A. R. C. James. 12 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nand zinc that cuts limestone and quartzite of the Atan group of rocks. A crew of seven\nmen was employed under the supervision of R. A. Dunsworth from June 6th to September 17th. An access road 1V_. miles long was built and five holes were drilled, totalling\n1,498 feet.   It is reported that the option has been abandoned.\nTAKU RIVER*\nGold-Silver-Copper-Lead-Zinc\n(58\u00b0 133\u00b0 N.W.) Company office, Trail; mine office, Tulsequah.\nBig Bull, J. J. McKay, property superintendent; R. M. Mattson, mine super-\nTulsequah Chief intendent; O. I. Johnson, maintenance superintendent; E. N.\n(Tulsequah Mines, Doyle, mill superintendent. Capital: 3,000,000 shares, $1 par\nLimited) value.   In 1956 this company, a subsidiary of The Consolidated\nMining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, operated the\nBig Bull and Tulsequah Chief mines. Ore from both mines is treated at the Polaris Taku\nconcentrator, which is operated under lease. The mines are situated a few miles from the\nconfluence of the Taku and Tulsequah Rivers, 5 miles from the International boundary\nand 50 miles east of Juneau, Alaska. The Tulsequah Chief mine, the mill, and the camp\nare in the Tulsequah River valley, and the Big Bull mine is in the Taku Valley. Access\nto the property for personnel and light freight is by charter aircraft from Juneau. All\nheavy freight and outgoing concentrates are transported on the Taku River by shallow-\ndraught barges plying between the company wharf and tidewater, about 30 miles downstream.   River freighting is only possible during the summer months.\nProduction, ore milled: 203,688 dry tons. Concentrates totalling 34,291 dry tons\nwere shipped to the Tacoma and Trail smelters. The concentrator has throughout the\nyear been milling over 530 tons per day of gold-silver-copper-lead-zinc ores produced\nmainly from the Tulsequah Chief mine. Separate copper, lead and zinc concentrates are\nproduced by selective flotation based on the primary bulk flotation of copper and lead\nfollowed by conventional zinc flotation. The primary bulk copper-lead concentrate, after\ntwo stages of cleaning, is refloated, with depression of the copper minerals by cyanide\nadditions. All concentrates produced after the end of the Taku River navigation season\nare stockpiled at the camp until the following May.\nThe Tulsequah Chief mine was brought into production in 1951. The orebodies are\nmainly pyritic sulphide stringer lodes and replacement bodies. The principal ore minerals\nare galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, and tennantite-tetrahedrite, with appreciable amounts\nof gold and silver; the gold occurs partly in association with the copper mineralization,\nand the silver occurs mainly with the tetrahedrite. The orebodies so far developed are\nknown respectively as the Upper orebody and the A, B, C, D, and E orebodies. The\noriginal discovery and early development was at the outcrop of the Upper orebody, above\nthe present 6500 adit level, at an elevation of 1,600 feet, on the steep rocky slopes of\nMount Eaton, on the east side of the Tulsequah River valley. This orebody extends about\n700 feet vertically below the surface and narrows out above the present 5900 level. The\nA, B, C, D, and E orebodies occur several hundred feet deeper and, so far as is known,\ndo not outcrop on the surface. These latter orebodies were first developed from the 5400\nadit level and, within the past year, have also been developed from the 5200 adit level.\nThe general method of mining all the orebodies is by shrinkage stopes. Pillars in the A\norebody have been mined by long-hole blasting. At the end of 1956 approximately 45\nper cent of the ore produced was from the lower levels, mainly from the 52-A stope in\nthe A orebody.\nThe mine is at present developed from nine levels\u2014the 6500, 6400, 6200, 6100,\n5900, 5700, 5500, 5400, and 5200. An internal two-compartment vertical shaft, 1,017\nfeet long, serves all levels from the 5400 to the 6400 adit level.   Broken ore from the\n* By A. R. C. James. LODE METALS 13\nupper levels is passed down via the ore-passes to the 5400 adit level, which is a main\nhaulage level. A considerable amount of the broken ore from the lower orebodies is now\nbeing loaded into cars at the 5200 adit level, which in 1956 was established as a second\nmain haulage level. On October 25th a Ruston 48-horsepower diesel locomotive was\nput into operation on this level, together with a train of nine 90-cubic-feet-capacity\nGranby cars.\nThe following is a summary of development work completed at the Tulsequah Chief\nmine in 1956: Drifting, 2,044 feet; crosscutting, 1,343 feet; subdrifting, 1,301 feet;\nraising, 4,423 feet; underground diamond drilling, 25,384 feet.\nThe Big Bull mine was brought into production in 1951. The orebodies are similar\nin mineral content to those of the Tulsequah Chief and occur as steep west-dipping sulphide stringer lodes in a zone of altered rocks adjacent to a north-trending fault. The ore-\nshoots lie in a shallow zone which does not extend more than 300 feet below the surface.\nThe mine has been developed from an open pit and three underground levels\u2014the 5000\nadit level, the 4850, and the 4700 levels. In 1956 mining was mainly confined to the\nrecovery of broken ore from old stopes above the 5000 level. A total of 7,228 tons of\nore was recovered by a crew averaging six men. This work was begun on July 19th and\nwas completed on November 13th. A surface diamond-drilling programme was carried\nout from March 10th to May 31st, and a total of 3,194 feet was drilled. It is understood\nthat the Big Bull mine is now to be permanently abandoned. The total ore milled from\nthe Big Bull from 1951 to the end of 1956 was 389,465 tons.\nAdditions to the main camp in 1956 included a bowling-alley extension to the\nGeigerich Recreation Hall and the addition of extra bedrooms to some of the homes.\nEight houses were moved over from the Big Bull to the main camp. Improvements on\nother parts of the property included the construction of a new freight dock at the Polaris\nLanding on the Taku River and the building of two new bridges on the road between the\ncamp and the airstrip. A twice-weekly mail service via Atlin was inaugurated in 1956\nand has proved very satisfactory.\nThe total crew (including staff) employed in December was as follows: Tulsequah\nChief mine, 127; mill, 28; other surface, 79; total, 234. A shortage of labour was\nexperienced throughout the summer and fall, and many of those who presented themselves at the mine for work were found to lack skill and experience. Turnover of labour\nwas very heavy, amounting to 388 men during the year.\nThe year 1956 has been a most unhappy one in regard to accidents. There were\nforty lost-time compensable accidents, and three fatal accidents occurred on the property\nduring the year. The first fatality was on August 6th, when Harry M. Stanley, a truck-\ndriver, was drowned in the Tulsequah River. The other two fatalities occurred on November 25th, when George Ludwick and Thomas Royko, both miners, were killed in a\nblast in the Tulsequah Chief mine. A full-time safety engineer is employed, and a safety\ncommittee meets regularly and carries out monthly inspections of the property. A real\neffort is made at this property to maintain a high standard of safety consciousness, but\nprobably the high turnover of labour in 1956 has contributed to a high accident rate.\nA resident doctor is available at the camp to give immediate attention in case of injuries\nor illness, and serious cases are usually evacuated by air to hospitals at Juneau or\nVancouver.\nThe annual \" Tulsequah Flood,\" a remarkable feature of this locality caused by the\nsudden draining of Tulsequah Lake through a channel in the glacier ice, began on August\n29th, reached a peak about midnight on August 31st and dropped back to near normal\nby September 1st. At the crossing to the Tulsequah Chief mine, approximately 375 feet\nof bridging was rebuilt after the flood, and at the Big Bull crossing about 175 feet of\nbridging was rebuilt. 14\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nSTIKINE*\nCopper\nCallison Copper\n(Brikon\nExplorations\nLimited)\n(58\u00b0 131\u00b0 S.W.) Company office, 1158 Melville Street, Vancouver; field office, Whitehorse, Yukon Territory. J. D. Mason, president; A. Allan, geologist. Capital: 100,000 shares, $1 par value.\nThis property includes four adjoining claim groups, comprising\neight claims held under option and 192 claims held by location.\nThe claims are situated in the Hackett River valley between Ken-\nnicott Lake and Sheslay and are about 30 miles northwest of Telegraph Creek. The\nshowings are reported to consist of irregular patches of chalcopyrite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite\nmineralization, occupying fractures and fissures in basic volcanics. A few patches of finegrained disseminated chalcopyrite were found in the granodiorite near the eastern margin\nof the Coast Range batholith.\nWork was begun on the property in the middle of May and continued until August.\nA crew averaging eight men was employed under the supervision of A. Allan. Two holes\ntotalling 286 feet were diamond drilled, and approximately 2,000 cubic yards of trenching\nand open-cutting was done. The Telegraph Creek trail was rehabilitated, and about 6\nmiles of new trail was made to the various showings.\nThe company reports that the deposits appeared to be too erratic and too low in\ngrade to be of commercial interest at this time.\n(57\u00b0 131\u00b0 S.W.) Company office, 500 Royal Bank Building,\nWinnipeg, Man.; mine office, Flin Flon, Man. R. H. Channing,\npresident. The BUY group, consisting of forty-eight claims, and\nthe HAB group of 105 claims were located by the company in\n1956. They are in mountainous country about 8 miles east of the\nStikine River between the Scud and Porcupine Rivers, approximately 60 miles downstream from Telegraph Creek. The claim\ngroups cover parts of Saddlehorn Mountain, Mount Scotsimpson, and the headwaters of\nGalore Creek, a tributary of Scud River, Anuk River, and Split Creek, a tributary of the\nPorcupine River. The showings are reported to consist of finely disseminated chalcopyrite associated with pyrite in a complex of volcanic fragmental rocks intruded by feldspar porphyry and later narrow dykes.\nThe work done on this property formed part of a wide exploration programme carried out by the company in northern British Columbia in 1956. A total of twenty-five\nmen, including prospectors, diamond drillers, air transport personnel, geologists, and\ngeophysicists were employed under the supervision of Russel T. Mcintosh. On the BUY\nand HAB groups forty-five holes totalling 1,253 feet were drilled. Twenty-one cubic\nyards of trenching was done on the HAB No. 9 and No. 20 mineral claims. The work\nwas begun on June 20th and completed on September 28th. All transportation to the\nshowings was by helicopter.\n(57\u00b0 129\u00b0 N.W.) Company office, Suite 1001, 85 Richmond Street\nWindy (Conwest    West, Toronto; British Columbia office, 901 Royal Bank Building,\nExploration        Vancouver.   F. M. Connell, president.   Capital: 3,000,000 shares,\nCompany Limited) no par value.  This property, consisting of thirty claims held by\nrecord, is approximately 3 miles northwest of Cluea Lake, near\nthe headwaters of the Iskut River system.    The showings are reported to consist of\na large oxidized area with small amounts of azurite and malachite.   Under the supervision of A. E. Storey, a crew of six men did a limited amount of open-cutting and pack-\nsack drilling.  The company reports that the results of this work were not encouraging.\n* By A. R. C. James.\nBUY and HAB\n(Hudson  Bay\nExploration and\nDevelopment\nCompany Limited) LODE METALS\n15\nUNUK RIVER*\nCopper\nGranduc (Granduc\nMines, Limited)\n(56\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E.)   Company office, Room 307, 1111 West Georgia\nStreet, Vancouver;  mine office, Stewart.   L. T. Postle, president;\nJ.  J.  A.  Crowhurst,  manager;   J.  M.   Parker,  superintendent.\nCapital: 4,000,000 shares, $1 par value. This company holds sixteen Crown-granted and 183 recorded claims at the head of the Leduc River. The\nproperty is 25 miles north 35 degrees west of Stewart, and the outcrops of the orebodies\nare at elevations between 3,260 and 4,800 feet on the mountain slope on the north side\nof the Leduc Glacier. The extensive copper orebodies at present being developed are in\nthe Coast Mountains about 2 miles north of a large mass of the Coast intrusions. They\noccur in siliceous sediments that strike slightly east of north and dip steeply, generally\nwestward. The mineralized zones are essentially conformable with the sediments and\nconsist mainly of chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and pyrite. There are two main ore zones,\nknown respectively as the A (or West) and the B (or East) zones. At the 3250 level\nthe A orebody is from 25 to 50 feet wide and the B orebody is from 50 to 150 feet wide,\nthe average grade of the ore being a little over 1.60 per cent copper. Near the 3250\nportal the two zones are over 400 feet apart, but this distance soon narrows in a northerly\ndirection to 150 feet and less. At approximately 1,700 feet from the portal the two zones\nmerge. At the 3250 level, drifting and diamond drilling have indicated that the ore zones\nextend over a strike distance of 3,200 feet. Vertical continuity of ore zones has been\nestablished at five points, as follows:\u2014\nDistance from\nExplored Uppermost Ore Inter-\nDip Length section to Surface\n1,700 feet\t\n1,850   \u201e \t\n1,500   \u201e       400 feet\n700   \u201e    1,050   \u201e\n300   \u201e    1,900   \u201e\nThe ore zones are still open above and below these explored dip lengths, except for\nthe first two that reach surface. The orebodies are open to the south, beneath the south\nfork of the Leduc Glacier. At the north end of the 3250 level, drifting and drilling have\ndisclosed continuity of the favourable quartzite beds, but economic mineralization has\nnot been encountered.   Further exploration to the north is currently under way.\nThe development of this important property, begun in 1953, was continued throughout 1956. The principal operation in 1956 was the sinking of a shaft to explore the ore\nzones at depth. This is an internal shaft, collared at the 3250 level in the footwall\nsediments east of the B orebody and about 1,200 feet from the portal. It is a three-\ncompartment vertical shaft, 8 by 22 feet, each compartment being 6 feet square inside\nthe timbers. Preliminary work was begun early in the year. The first 220 feet of the\n3250 adit level was slashed out to 10 by 10 feet, and 250 feet of drifting and 750 feet of\ncrosscutting was completed to the site of the hoistroom. An additional 470 feet of cross-\ncutting was completed to the site of the shaft waste-chute. The hoistroom, 30 by 40 feet,\nwas cut out east of the shaft collar. The shaft was raised 90 feet for the headframe installations, and was connected to the hoistroom by a rope raise 120 feet long. The hoist was\ninstalled in August; it is a Coeur d'Alene hoist with two 62-inch-diameter tandem drums,\nelectrically powered by two 200-horsepower 2,300-volt 3-phase 60-cycle G.E. slip-ring\nmotors.   It is fitted with Lilly controls and hydraulically operated post brakes.\nShaft-sinking was begun on September 15th, 1956, by the Pogue Exploration Company under contract. By the end of the year the shaft was 363 feet deep, and the first\ntwo stations had been cut at 150 and 300 feet from the collar, respectively.   Progress\n* By A. R. C. James, except as noted. 16 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nwas delayed by a continuous heavy inflow of water, making it necessary to drill ahead\nof the shaft-bottom and pump cement grouting under pressure to seal off breaks and\nfissures in the rocks. It is understood that the shaft is to be sunk to a depth of 1,200\nfeet. It is interesting to note that a Cryderman shaft mucker is being used in the sinking,\nthe first time one of these machines has been used in British Columbia. The machine is\nequipped with a 40-cubic-foot bucket and operates from the west compartment of the\nshaft. In the Granduc shaft it can muck at the rate of about a ton a minute and leaves\nvery little rock to be hand-mucked.\nOther underground development work in 1956 included the driving of an exploration\ndrift 508 feet at the north extremity of the 3250 level; the level is now 3,468 feet long.\nFive diamond-drill crosscuts totalling 94 feet were driven from this drift. No work was\ndone at the 3750 level in 1956. Nineteen holes were diamond drilled, totalling 6,980\nfeet; of this total, 871 feet comprised drilling for grouting prior to shaft-sinking.\nA new power-house was built at the surface at the 3250 level portal to house diesel\nengines and compressors. New equipment installed in 1956 included one 550-cubic-\nfeet-per-minute electrically driven Joy Sullivan air compressor and three 150-kilowatt\nCaterpillar diesel generator sets, together with the necessary switching and transformer\ngear, to supply 2,300 or 440 volts (a.c). Oil-tanks with a total storage capacity of\n176,000 gallons were installed in 1956.\nA crew averaging thirty-five men (reaching a maximum of fifty in the middle of\nthe summer) was employed at the property. In addition, an average crew of twenty was\nemployed by the Pogue Exploration Company on the shaft-sinking. The men are housed\nin a small camp consisting of prefabricated plywood buildings on the north side of the\nLeduc Glacier. Owing to the danger of snowslides the camp has to be established on the\nglacier for the winter months, and in the summer is moved back to the hillside near the\n3250 level portal. In 1956 the camp was moved to the hillside in the last half of May\nand on to the glacier in the first half of November.\nAn attempt was made during the year to test the thickness of ice on the glaciers at\nvarious points over possible haulage routes. Nine holes totalling 13,297 feet were drilled\nwith special electrical hot-point drilling equipment. Six of the holes were drilled in the\nwest arm of the Salmon Glacier, which is about \\lA miles wide. Some difficulty was\nexperienced when moraine gravels were encountered, but one hole in the centre of the\nglacier penetrated 2,365 feet of ice. One hole was drilled in the snowfield at 5,000 feet\nelevation between the head of the Leduc Glacier but remained unfinished at the end of\nthe year at a depth of 770 feet. Two holes were drilled on the north fork of the Leduc\nGlacier.\nA crew averaging six men was employed in the summer on a survey of a proposed\naccess road up the Unuk River valley.\nThe problem of transporting heavy equipment to a large property like Granduc is\nexceptionally difficult, situated as it is in a region of changeable and often severe climatic\nconditions and surrounded on all sides by rugged mountains, glaciers, and snowfields. In\n1956 the company again obtained the services of the Patricia Transportation Company,\na firm with much experience in tractor transportation over snow and ice. Between February 3rd and April 20th this company transported 2,096 tons of equipment and supplies\nto the property. The materials were taken by road for a distance of 11 miles from Stewart\nto a point near the foot of the Salmon Glacier and there transferred to sleighs and hauled\nby tractors up the Salmon Glacier and over the high glaciers and snowfields to the\nproperty, a distance of about 23 miles.\nRoutine servicing of the property and transportation of personnel and light freight\nwere carried out by aeroplane. A Piper Super Cub, a de Havilland Beaver, and a Fair-\nchild 82 were used for this purpose, and an experienced pilot was employed on a full-\ntime basis. In winter and spring the Beaver and the Super Cub land with ski landing-gear\non an improvised airstrip on the snow-covered glacier.   In the summer a 1,200-foot LODE METALS 17\nairstrip built in 1955 on the northwest flank of Granduc Mountain is used. A total of\n345 tons of light freight was taken in by aeroplane during the year. The year was marred\nby two serious flying accidents; one on June 27th resulted in the death of the pilot, W.\nKellough, and the total loss of a new aircraft, and the other on July 30th resulted in\nserious injuries to the passenger in the aircraft.\nThe mine office is at present established in Stewart, and communication with the\ncamp is maintained by two-way radio. Seven new houses were built by the company and\ntwo others were purchased in Stewart for managerial and supervisory employees.\nWorking conditions were found to be satisfactory considering the location of the\nproperty. A safety committee was established in the latter part of 1956, and at the\nyear-end a safety engineer was appointed. There were ten compensable accidents in\n1956. The only ones classified as serious were the two flying accidents mentioned above.\n[Reference: Bacon, W. R.: Preliminary Map, Granduc Area, B.C. Dept. of Mines\n(1956).]\nCopper\n(56\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E.)    This property consists of thirty claims on the\nSouth Leduc       southwestern side of the south fork of Leduc Glacier.   The claims\n(Northwest        adjoin on the south the property of Granduc Mines, Limited.   The\nVentures Ltd.)*   South Leduc property is under option to Jaye Explorations Limited, of Toronto.   During the 1956 season 3,770 feet of diamond\ndrilling was done, of which 1,715 feet was through ice.\nThe drilling was done near the base of a steep hanging glacier, tributary to the\nsouth fork of Leduc Glacier. Its purpose was to investigate the assumed prolongation\nof the Granduc ore structure. According to drill logs supplied by Northwest Ventures\nLtd., the rocks intersected by the holes are sediments similar to those occurring on the\nGranduc property. Pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and sphalerite were encountered in\na number of the holes.\nAs far as is known, the key ground lies beneath the hanging glacier. Extensive\nsurface exploration of this ground is virtually impossible because the steep rock walls\non both sides of the glacier do not afford natural sites for drill set-ups.\n[Reference:   B.C. Dept. of Mines, Preliminary Map of the Granduc Area, 1956.]\nPORTLAND CANALf\nSalmon River (56\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E.)\nGold-Silver-Lead-Zinc\nCompany office, 572 Howe Street, Vancouver; mine office, Stew-\nSilbak Premier     art.   A. E. Bryant, president; G. W. McCool, resident manager;\nMines Limited     P. Kindrat, mine superintendent;  O. C. Gilroy, surface superintendent.   Capital:  3,000,000 shares, $1 par value.   After remaining idle for two years, development work on this well-known property was resumed in\n1955 under the technical direction and management of Henry L. Hill & Associates, of\nVancouver.   This work was continued in 1956, and rehabilitation of the surface plant\nwas begun late in May.    The plant was in partial operation by September, and the\nproperty was placed in full production in mid-November.   On November 20th a disastrous fire totally destroyed the concentrator, compressor plant, and all the service buildings west of the No. 4 level portal.   No work has been done since the fire, but it is understood that a resumption of operations is planned for 1957.\nApproximately 10,000 tons of ore was mined in the Silbak workings. Stoping was\nconcentrated in 9f and 9h stopes on the 940 level, 10a stope on the 1060 level, and\n* By W. R. Bacon.\nt By A. R. C. James. 18 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\n79b stope on the 790 level. No stoping was done in the Premier Border section of the\nmine, but 30 feet of drifting and 10 feet of raising were done. Production: Ore milled,\n5,580 tons. Of the 470 tons of lead and 564 tons of zinc concentrates produced, 177\ntons of lead and 355 tons of zinc concentrates were shipped to the smelter at Kellog,\nIdaho, the balance being left at the property. Gross content of concentrates shipped:\nGold, 89 oz.; silver, 5,021 oz.; lead, 395,568 lb.; zinc, 373,455 lb.\nDuring the reconstruction period the crew averaged approximately seventy men.\nWith the resumption of production in September the crew averaged thirty-two men underground and sixty-five men on the surface.\n[References: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1947, pp. 74-82; Geol. Surv.,\nCanada, Mem. 175, pp. 161-166 (1935).]\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\nCompany office, 303 Times Building, Victoria.    K. C. Drury,\nSilver Tip president.    This property is on Silver Creek, on the south slope\n(Silver Tip Gold    of Mount Dilsworth, 21 miles north of Stewart.    From the old\nMines Limited)     Big Missouri mine at Joker Flats, a trail YVi miles long leads to\nthe Silver Tip cabin at an elevation of 3,450 feet.   Development\nwork has been done intermittently on this property for nearly forty years, and descriptions of it have been published in previous Annual Reports.   In 1956 a crew of two men\nwas employed in the summer months under the supervision of Hunter Smith.   Approximately 100 feet of drifting was done on the Blind vein on the May P.J. claim.\n[Reference:  Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1950, pp. 77-78.]\nCopper\nAmerican Creek (56\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.W.)\nCompany office, 1100 Royal Bank Building, Vancouver.   G. A.\nArgentine Gordon, general manager;   J. A. Mitchell, exploration manager\n(Canadian Explo- for western division. This property comprises twenty-four recorded\nration Limited) claims held by Messrs. McLeod, Bugnello, and Jokanovitch, of\nStewart. It is 20 miles north of Stewart on the west side of American Creek at 3,800 feet elevation. The showings are reported to consist of disseminations and streaks of chalcopyrite in andesitic breccias which are intermingled with flow\nrocks. The present company took an examination option in September and did 300 feet\nof diamond drilling. A crew averaging four men was employed under the supervision\nof H. Priske. It is reported that the results of the drilling were not encouraging, and the\noption was dropped.\nMaple Bay (55\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E.)\nCopper\nHead office, Room 906, 357 Bay Street, Toronto; British Colum-\nMaple Bay        bia office, 315 Credit Foncier Building, 850 West Hastings Street,\nCopper Mines      Vancouver; mine office, P.O. Box \" W,\" Stewart.   W. J. Lawson,\nLimited president.   Capital:   3,500,000 shares, $1 par value.    The com\npany holds twenty-two Crown-granted claims, twenty-four recorded claims, and sixteen fractions near Maple Bay on the east side of Portland Canal, 37\nmiles south of Stewart. The showings consist of a series of quartz veins mineralized with\nchalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. The vein on the Star claim is exposed above an elevation\nof 375 feet, and the remainder of the showings are mainly at elevations of 2,400 feet and\nhigher. Access to the property is by charter boat from Stewart to Maple Bay, or\narrangements may be made with Pacific Western Airlines for their scheduled flight to\ncall at Maple Bay. A camp has been established at the beach. A half-mile truck-road\nhas been made to the adit portal on the Star claim, while the upper showings are reached LODE METALS 19\nby means of a 3-mile pack-trail. An upper camp was established in the summer of 1956\nat an elevation of 2,400 feet near the Anaconda showings.\nSome drilling and development work have been done on the Maple Bay group in\nprevious years, particularly by Granby Consolidated Mining Smelting and Power Company Limited. On the Eagle and May Queen claims a large vein was diamond drilled.\nOn the Star claim a 650-foot adit was driven, and in 1916, 4,000 tons of copper ore was\nshipped. On the neighbouring Outsider group a copper-bearing quartz vein was mined\nfrom 1906 to 1907 and from 1922 to 1926; a total of 138,854 tons of ore was produced.\nWork by the present company began in June, 1955 {see 1955 Annual Report).\nIn 1956 work was started again in June and continued until December 1st. A crew\naveraging twelve men was employed under the supervision of the late Frank L. Smith.\nAt the upper showings, most of the diamond drilling was done on the Anaconda and\nPrincess veins, but some packsack drilling was done on the Lizzie vein. Sixteen EX\nholes were drilled, totalling 3,400 feet, and eleven short holes were drilled into the outcropping for core sampling.\nOne-half mile of road was constructed from the beach camp to the Star adit portal.\nThe old adit was rehabilitated and track laid to the face. Three underground diamond-\ndrill holes totalling 400 feet were drilled to pick up the Star vein and explore for parallel\nfissures. The Star adit was driven a further 165 feet on the vein, a total length of 815\nfeet.\nA camp to accommodate a crew of twenty men, and comprising a cook-house,\nbunk-house, and office, was erected at the beach at Maple Bay.\n[References: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1921, p. 59; Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 175, p. 100.]\nALICE ARM*\nSilver\n(55\u00b0 129\u00b0 N.W.) Registered office, 309 Royal Bank Building,\nToric (Torbrit      Vancouver; executive office, 44 King Street West, Toronto; mine\nSilver Mines office, Alice Arm. R. W. Burton, manager; A. M. Cormie, mine\nLimited) superintendent;   A.  R. Johnson, mill superintendent.    Capital:\n3,000,000 shares, $1 par value. The Torbrit mine camp and mill\nare at an elevation of 1,000 feet on the west side of the Kitsault River, 17 miles by road\nfrom Alice Arm. The portal of the 1,000-foot or main haulage level of the mine is on\nthe opposite side of the river, half a mile north of the mill. The mine and the mill are\nconnected by an extension of the mine haulage system. Five miles farther up the Kitsault River valley, near the mouth of Clearwater Creek, the company operates a hydroelectric power plant of 1,600 horsepower capacity.\nProduction: Ore milled, 134,652 tons. Flotation concentrates amounting to 1,713\ndry tons were shipped to the smelter, and additional silver amounting to 289,933 ounces\nwas sold as bullion. Gross contents of concentrates and bullion shipped: 1,562,437\nounces of silver and 1,051,376 pounds of lead. The greater part of the silver is recovered with the galena as a bulk concentrate, which is shipped to the lead plant at Trail.\nThe native silver is recovered by cyanidation of the flotation tailings and is refined and\nshipped as bullion.   The milling capacity is between 400 and 450 tons a day.\nThe ore occurs in shoots in a quartz-barite-hematite-jasper replacement deposit\nwithin a country rock consisting of agglomerates and tuffs of the Hazelton group. The\nimportant ore minerals are galena, ruby silver, and native silver. Most production is at\npresent obtained from three levels of the mine at 1,000, 900, and 800 feet elevation\nrespectively; in 1956, 94 per cent of the ore production was from the 800 level, 5 per\ncent from the 900 level, and 1 per cent from the 1000 level. The method of mining is\nby long blast-hole and conventional shrinkage stopes.   The 1000 level is the main haul-\n* By A. R. C. James. 20 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nage level. A vertical shaft driven from the surface provides access to the lower levels.\nDevelopment of reserves below the 800 level was carried out at the beginning of the\nyear when a 16-degree winze was driven in the footwall for a distance of approximately\n500 feet to the 700 level. Ventilation of the mine is mainly natural, but assistance in\nventilation of the lower workings is provided at the 800 level by a Canadian Sirocco\nVanaxial fan powered by a 15-horsepower electric motor; this fan circulates approximately 30,000 cubic feet of air per minute.\nA crew averaging 118 was employed. A mine safety committee carried out regular\ninspections of the mine and mill and holds monthly meetings. Sixteen compensable\naccidents occurred in 1956, eleven of which took place in the mine, one in the mill, and\nfour on other surface operations. One of these accidents resulted in the death on August\n29th of Keith Kavanagh, a mucking-machine operator. The remainder of the accidents\nwere not classified as serious.\nThere were no important additions to the camp buildings or surface plant in 1956.\nThe winter of 1955-56 was the most severe experienced in seven years of operation.\nProduction was curtailed for twenty days in April, when it appeared that the stored water\nfor the hydro-electric plant might not be sufficient to last until the spring thaw.\nThe following is a summary of mining operations:\u2014\nOre Broken Tons\nStoping   142,751\nStope raises and stope drifts  7,255\nLevel development  1,350\nTotal   151,356\nWaste Broken Tons\nLevel development  3,420\nStope raises and stope drifts  4,503\nWinze  2,103\nTotal   10,026\nDevelopment in Linear Feet Ft\nDrifts and crosscuts  671\nSublevel drifts and boxholes  2,423\nWinze-sinking   388\nTotal        3,482\nFt.\nUnderground diamond drilling       5,612\nLong-hole drilling with tungsten carbide bits     87,096\nOn the Moose and Lamb claims of the Toric group, a total of 2,933 feet of diamond\ndrilling was done from the surface. The company reports that sufficient encouragement\nwas obtained to justify further drilling in 1957. On the North Star claim, a total of\n2,885 feet of diamond drilling was done from surface sites. Further drilling is planned\non this claim in 1957. In addition to the diamond drilling, a geological and topographic\nsurvey was carried out on these properties and some adjoining ground, in more detail than\nany earlier work. Both the drilling and the mapping programmes were aided by the\nuse of a helicopter, which was chartered intermittently over a period of three months. LODE METALS 21\nCopper\n(55\u00b0 129\u00b0 N.W.)    This property, on the east side of Kitsault\nBoulder (Torbrit    River, 3 miles south of the Torbrit mine, comprises eleven claims\nSilver Mines       located in 1955 by Torbrit Silver Mines Limited.    The property\nLimited) is characterized by the presence of a number of very large boulders\ncomposed of volcanic rock locally mineralized with pyrite and\nchalcopyrite. A geophysical (resistivity) survey and a limited amount of diamond drilling were done in 1955. In 1956 the property was mapped and some trenching was done,\nfollowed by a total of 1,370 feet of diamond drilling. It is reported that the results of\nthis work were not encouraging and no further work is planned.\n(55\u00b0 129\u00b0 N.W.)   Company office, 402 West Pender Street, Van-\nKinskuch, Reina    couver.   Capital:   50,000 shares, $100 par value.   This property\nBlanca (North-     consists of eight claims held under option from W. McLean and\nwestern Explo-     associates, of Alice Arm, and ten claims held under option from\nrations, Limited)   Gunn Fiva, of Alice Arm, together with an additional twenty-four\nclaims held by record.    It is on the southeast side of Kinskuch\nLake, approximately 15 miles in a direct line north-northeast of Alice Arm.   Kinskuch\nLake is at 3,700 feet elevation in mountainous country east of the Kitsault River, and\ndrains into the Nass River via the Kinskuch River.\nThe writer was unable to visit the property and is indebted to C. S. Ney, engineer\nin charge, for the following description of the showings:\u2014\n\" There are several showings of copper mineralization in the area covered by the\nclaims. Work was done in two localities\u2014on a peninsula of bare rock at the southeast\ncorner of the lake, and on a mineralized outcrop adjacent to the glacier, a mile east of\nthe lake and 1,000 feet above it. The first showing is essentially a stockwork of pyrite-\nchalcopyrite veinlets outcropping over an area 200 by 400 feet. The second showing\nis characterized by areas of minute fracturing sparsely mineralized with chalcopyrite,\nwith some veinlets of chalcopyrite in addition. The host rocks are volcanics of intermediate composition affected over a wide area by chloritization, and more locally by\ncarbonate alteration.\"\nThe company did some preliminary work on the property in the fall of 1955, including 500 feet of sample drilling with a packsack drill. In the early months of 1956,\ndiamond-drilling equipment, fuel, and lumber for camp buildings were taken into the\nproperty in a ski-equipped Junkers aircraft operating out of Terrace. Transportation\nof men and supplies from Alice Arm was accomplished by Bell helicopter from May\n15th until July 9th, when the lake became open for float aircraft. A camp was occupied\nat Kinskuch Lake from May 15th to October 9th. A crew averaging twelve men was\nemployed under the supervision of C. S. Ney. Fourteen AX holes totalling 6,300 feet\nwere diamond drilled.   Eleven holes totalling 964 feet were drilled with a packsack drill.\nOBSERVATORY INLET*\nCopper\nAnyox (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited).\n(55\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.W.) This property is on the east side of Observatory Inlet and comprises\nsixty-five Crown-granted claims, three leased claims, and eighteen recorded claims, all\nheld by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited. The\ncompany has been carrying out geological investigations in this area for several seasons.\nIn 1956 a crew averaging sixteen men under the supervision of L. Coulter worked on\nthe property from May 15th to September 28th. Twelve AX holes totalling 11,740 feet\nwere diamond drilled to explore an area south and west of the old Hidden Creek mine\nworkings. Approximately 5 miles of tractor-road was built and additional geological\nmapping was done.\n* By A. R. C. James. 22 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nDouble Ed (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada,\nLimited).\u2014(55\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.W.) This property, comprising fifteen located claims, is on\nBonanza Creek, 3 miles west of Anyox. The showings are reported to consist of chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, and pyrite disseminated in volcanics near an argillite contact. In\nrecent years the company has carried out drilling, open-cutting, and geological mapping\non this property. In 1956 a start was made on the construction of a truck-road from\nthe dock at Granby Bay to a proposed adit-site. This work was carried out by a contracting company between August 15th and December 15th. One and a half miles of\nroad was completed, and the dock at tidewater was repaired. A crew averaging twelve\nmen was employed.   C. Smith was the engineer in charge for the company.\nMORESBY ISLAND*\nCopper\n(52\u00b0 131\u00b0 N.W.)    Company office, 606, 525 Seymour Street,\nSwede (New Jersey Vancouver. The property is on Swede Peninsula, near the entrance\nZinc Explorations   of Lockeport Harbour on the east coast of Moresby Island.    It\nCompany consists of sixteen claims held under option from W. A. Rutledge\n(Canada) Ltd.) and L. P. Kenwood, of Vancouver. The showings have been\ndescribed in previous Annual Reports and comprise an extensive\narea of low-grade copper mineralization consisting of chalcopyrite and bornite disseminated in small bunches and veinlets through a host rock of greenstone. The original\nclaims were first located in 1907, and a limited amount of development work was done\nabout forty years ago. Two adits were driven; one was driven 170 feet and another\nfarther north was driven 80 feet.\nThe present company began work on the property on July 15th, 1956. E. Livingston and an assistant carried out geological mapping and sampled the existing adits and\nunderground workings. A crew of two men drilled three X-ray diamond-drill holes\ntotalling 326 feet.\n[Reference:   Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1907, p. 69;  1929, p. 57.]\nIron, Copper\n(52\u00b0 131\u00b0 S.E.)   Company office, 609, 602 West Hastings Street,\nMcMillin (Silver    Vancouver.   R. R. Wilson, president.   Capital:   3,500,000 shares,\nStandard Mines    50 cents par value.    The property is in the vicinity of Harriet\nLimited) Harbour at Jedway Bay in the southern part of Moresby Island.\nIt consists of twenty-one Crown-granted claims held under option\nagreement and one claim held by record. The showings include bodies of magnetite\ncontaining some copper mineralization. The present company began work on the property on July 30th and continued until November 30th. A crew averaging seven men was\nemployed under the general supervision of W. St. C. Dunn. Twenty-five holes were\ndiamond drilled, totalling 3,539 feet. Twenty-two trenches were cut, totalling 900 linear\nfeet, and 5 miles of trail was cleared. The property was serviced by chartered boats\nand by aeroplane.\nTassoo.\u2014(52\u00b0 132\u00b0 N.E.)    This property on Tasu Sound is described on page 125.\nBELLA COOLA*\nCopper\n(52\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W.)   Company office, 609, 602 West Hastings Street,\nTorger Copper     Vancouver.    R. R. Wilson, president.    The property, consisting\n(Silver Standard    of four Crown-granted claims held by option agreement and eight\nMines Limited)     claims held by record, is on the east side of the Salloomt River,\n12 miles north of Hagensborg.   It is reported that a series of dykes\n* By A. R. C. James. LODE METALS 23\nranging from quartz biotite granite to quartz feldspar porphyry intrude a large mass of\nandesite and that the dykes are mineralized in places with chalcopyrite. Work on the\nproperty was started on May 24th and was continued until July 3rd. A crew of four\nmen was employed under the general supervision of W. St. C. Dunn. Nine holes totalling 299 feet were drilled with a packsack drill. Ten trenches were cut, totalling 560\nlinear feet. It is reported that insufficient mineralization was found to warrant continuance of the work.\nPORCHER ISLAND*\nIron\n(54\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E.) Company office, Room 1502, 736 Granville\nStar (Utah Co. of Street, Vancouver. A. D. Christiansen, president. Capital: 250,-\nthe Americas) 000 shares, no par value. The property consists of ten Crown-\ngranted claims and one claim and several fractions held by record.\nIt is on the northeast coast of Porcher Island opposite Chismore Passage, 22 miles by sea\nfrom Prince Rupert. Topographic relief is low and elevations range from sea-level to 250\nfeet. Sporadic magnetite replacement of schist occurs over a strike length of nearly 3\nmiles. Investigations to date indicate that most occurrences are a few hundred feet in\nlength with barren areas between. Some magnetically anomalous areas have outcrops\nand others have none. The magnetite deposits have been known for many years, but no\nprevious work has been done on them. The present company established a camp on the\nproperty in October, 1955, and carried out a programme of work which included topographic and magnetometer surveys, diamond drilling, and sampling. The work was\ncompleted by March 5th, 1956. A crew of seven men was employed under the supervision of J. T. Lafranier. A total of 2,285 feet of diamond drilling and 245 feet of surface\nsampling of outcrops was done.   (See also p. 129.)\nHAZELTON*\nSilver-Lead-Zinc-Cadmium\n(55\u00b0  127\u00b0 S.W.)    Company office, 602 West Hastings Street,\nSilver Standard     Vancouver; mine office, New Hazelton.   R. R. Wilson, president;\n(Silver Standard    H. B. Gilleland, manager; A. C. Ritchie, general superintendent;\nMines Limited)     N. G. Cornish, mine superintendent.   Capital:   3,500,000 shares,\n50 cents par value. The property is on Glen Mountain, 5>Vi miles\nnorth of Hazelton, the mill and camp being located on the northwest side of the mountain\nat an elevation of 1,300 feet.   In 1956 the mine was in operation 280 days, and 13,879\nman-shifts were worked.   Total ore production was 20,352 tons.   The mill, which remained closed for the first few months of 1956, resumed operation on May 2nd.   It was\noperated on a SVi-days-per-week basis until November 1st and continuously from then\nuntil the end of the year.   A total of 13,762 tons of ore was treated by selective flotation,\nthe remainder being sorted out as waste. The indicated mill recovery was 94.5 per cent of\nthe gross metal content of the ore. The mill capacity is from 60 to 75 tons per day.\nUntil 1956 all the ore was mined from shoots in a series of parallel quartz veins.\nThese veins range in width from a fraction of a foot to 12 feet. Most of them strike\nnortheast and dip from 40 to 80 degrees southeast. Sixteen such quartz veins are known\non the property, named respectively the Discovery vein, Nos. 00, 0, and 1 to 12 veins;\nthe distance from No. 00 vein to No. 12 vein is about 1 mile. In 1955 a new vein was\ndiscovered to the south of Nos. 9 and 11 veins. This vein strikes north 37 degrees west\n(at right angles to the other veins) and dips from 25 to 50 degrees east. As far as is\nknown, it is a blind vein with no surface outcrop. The vein is cut by a large fault and\nis divided into two main segments known as No. 11 cross-vein and No. 10 cross-vein\n* By A. R. C. James. 24 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nrespectively, No. 11 being the easterly segment and No. 10 the westerly segment.\nImportant oreshoots were found in both segments in 1955 and 1956 and are now being\nmined.\nThe country rock at the Silver Standard property consists mainly of tuffaceous\nsandstones of the Hazelton group. A small granitic intrusion cuts the Hazelton group\nabout 900 feet south of the mine portals and lies just to the south of most of the major\noreshoots. On the east side of the property a post-vein fault which dips 40 degrees to\nthe west divides the property into an east and a west block. This fault extends for a\nknown distance of 2,000 feet and has an indicated normal dip slip of 250 feet.\nThe mine has been developed by two crosscut adits driven southeastward on the\n1500 and 1300 levels, cutting Nos. 4 to 11 cross-veins and Nos. 1 to 11 cross-veins\nrespectively, and by a 510-foot vertical three-compartment shaft from the 1300 level\nwith crosscuts on the 1150, 1000, and 850 levels. Nos. 1, 4, and 6 veins have been\nworked from these lower levels. By the end of 1956 all known ore had been extracted\nfrom below the 1300 level, and the shaft was abandoned and allowed to flood.\nThe following is a summary of work done underground:\u2014\nWork Done\nDrifting\u2014\n1500 level -\nAdvance\n(Ft.)\n551\n1300 level\t\n          256\nTotal \t\n          807\nRaising\u2014\n1500 level..    .    \t\n       ____           331\n1300 level \u2022\t\n            438\nTotal .   \t\n_.__                 769\nSubdrifting\u2014\n1500 level\t\n            491\n1300 level\t\n               27\n1250 level\t\n        101\n1000 level           \t\n                5\nTotal\t\n          624\nCrosscutting\u2014\n1500 level -     -\t\n            417\n1300 level\t\n     1,000\nTotal .. ..   \t\n....              1,417\nDiamond drilling\u2014\nUnderground .        \t\n  11,279\nSurface            _            .,..,....\n  13,958\nTotal \t\n  25,237 LODE METALS 25\nOre Broken\n(Tons)\nStoping and development\u2014\nNo. 4 vein  306\nNo. 6 vein  422\nNo. 7 vein  402\nNo. 8 vein  437\nNo. 11 vein  625\nNo. 10 cross-vein  6,261\nNo. 11 cross-vein  8,104\nOre-passes  121\nDevelopment  3,674\nTotal  20,352\nA considerable amount of exploration and development was done during the year\nto develop known or indicated ore reserves and to try to find new reserves.\nIn 1955 No. 11 cross-vein was intersected by a crosscut driven south from the\n1500 level, and the vein was followed by drift for 178 feet. In 1956 a further 199 feet\nof drifting was done on this vein. Over a considerable length of this drift the vein was\nof ore grade but very narrow. Three raises driven from the 1500 drift intersected good\nore 70 feet above the rail. The bottom of this ore was followed by subdrift for 458 feet;\nthree stopes opened up have produced 40 per cent of the ore mined in 1956.\nThe 1500 crosscut was driven 417 feet from No. 11 cross-vein drift to intersect\nthe faulted segment of this vein on the west side of the main fault. This segment, called\nNo. 10 cross-vein, was followed by drift for 352 feet, and good ore was found over widths\nranging from 1.5 to 2 feet. Three stopes opened up in this vein have produced 31 per\ncent of the ore mined in 1956.\nThe 1300 level crosscut was extended 246 feet to intersect No. 11 cross-vein, and\n256 feet of drifting was done. The vein at this elevation is narrow and, although mineralized, is not of ore grade.\nA crosscut was driven from 1308 drift south for 754 feet to develop the downward\nextension of 1510 drift oreshoot in No. 10 cross-vein. A steep raise was driven from\nthis crosscut to intersect the vein just above and on the east side of the major fault. This\nraise cut the vein, which was 4 feet wide and of marginal grade, at the end of the year.\nA raise is to be driven up dip on the vein for 200 feet to the 1510 cross-drift.\nA total of 5,000 feet of surface stripping by bulldozer was done in the area overlying Nos. 10 and 11 cross-veins. No new oreshoots were uncovered in the course\nof this work.\nThirty-six holes totalling 13,958 feet were drilled on the surface, and forty holes\ntotalling 11,279 feet were drilled underground. Apart from some good intersections in\nNos. 10 and 11 cross-veins, the results of this drilling were largely negative. All known\nore has now been mined from the parallel veins, and the only ore reserves are in Nos. 10\nand 11 cross-veins.\nThe company carried out exploration work on the following outside properties:\nErie (Mohawk), Three Hills, Topley, McMillin, and Torger. This work is described\nunder the respective headings elsewhere in this Report.\n[Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1950, pp. 87-95.]\nCopper\n(55\u00b0  127\u00b0 S.W.)    Company office, 602 West Hastings Street,\nThree Hills        Vancouver. This property consists of six claims optioned by Silver\n(Silver Standard    Standard Mines Limited from A. LeToile, D. R. Willemar, and\nMines Limited)     E. H. Harbottle, and thirty-two claims held by record. The claims\nare between South Hazelton and Skeena Crossing on the east side 26 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nof the highway, VA miles south of Seeley Lake. The property was described in the 1955\nAnnual Report.   In 1956 a crew of two men, under the supervision of A. C. Ritchie, did\n2,150 feet of stripping with a D-8 bulldozer and drilled one hole 75 feet in length. The\nresults of this work are reported to be discouraging, and no further work is planned.\n[Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1955, p. 24.]\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\n(55\u00b0  127\u00b0 S.W.)    Company office, 602 West Hastings Street,\nErie (Silver Vancouver. This property, also known as the Mohawk mine, con-\nStandard Mines    sists of four old Crown-granted claims on the south side of Four\nLimited) Mile Mountain, about 5 miles by road from Hazelton.   Briefly, the\nshowings consist of several veins of banded quartz and siderite, for\nthe most part sparsely mineralized but containing a number of small oreshoots which\nwere mined about thirty years ago. The ore minerals are jamesonite, sphalerite, galena,\nand tetrahedrite with high silver content. The veins occur in altered sediments intruded\nby granitic rock. There are approximately 1,500 feet of underground workings, now\ninaccessible.\nA crew of two men was employed in May under the general supervision of A. C.\nRitchie. A total of 2,500 feet of trenching was done by D-8 bulldozer. It is reported\nthat no new oreshoots were found.\n[References: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Repts., 1928, p. 158; 1950, p. 98-99.\nGeol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 223 (Revised Edition), pp. 40-43 (1954).]\nSMITHERS*\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\n(54\u00b0 127\u00b0 N.E.)   Company office, 609, 602 West Hastings Street,\nDuthie (Sil-Van    Vancouver.   R. R. Wilson, president.  The Duthie mine is on the\nConsolidated       southwest slope of Hudson Bay Mountain and is about 16 miles\nMining & Milling   by road from Smithers.  The principal mine workings are between\nCompany Ltd.)     elevations of 3,200 and 4,500 feet on the Raven, Raven Fraction,\nHenderson, Hummingbird, and Canary claims of the Henderson\ngroup, which also includes the Galena Queen, Dome, Dome Fraction, White Swan,\nPacific, and Vancouver Crown-granted claims.\nThe mineralized zones were discovered in 1908, and the area was prospected by\ntrenches. The Henderson zone was found in 1921, and, starting in 1922, this zone was\ndeveloped by several drift-adits at the 3600 (Compressor) level, 3800 (McPherson)\nlevel, and 3850 (Thompson) level, and selected ore was shipped. A mill was built in\n1927 and operated until 1930, when work stopped. Shipments of ore were made by\nlessees in 1939-42. In 1946 and 1947 Duthie Mines (1940) Limited built a new diesel\npower plant, carried out a diamond-drilling programme, and extended the drift on the\n3800 level. Sil-Van Consolidated Mining & Milling Company Ltd. took over the property in 1950, did further development work, and built a new mill. Between July, 1953,\nand April, 1954, a total of 41,369 tons of ore was milled. Production was then suspended\ndue to unfavourable prices of lead and zinc. Total production of ore since the property\nwas discovered has been nearly 80,000 tons.\nThe property is underlain by rhyolite, dacite, and andesite flows and flow breccias.\nThe mineral deposits occupy four main fault zones, known as the Henderson, Ashman,\nFault-plane, and Dome. Of these, the Henderson zone has been the most widely developed and has been traced on the surface for 3,500 feet, from an elevation of 3,500 feet to\n4,500 feet. These mineralized fault zones strike northeastward and range in dip from 50\ndegrees southeast to 70 degrees northwest. They are sliced, sheared, and brecciated zones\nalong which occur sulphide veins and replacement deposits, the latter associated with\n* By A. R. C. James. LODE METALS 27\nsome vein quartz and carbonate. The most important ore minerals are galena and\nsphalerite. The mine has been developed by five adit levels known respectively as the\n3300 (Mill) level, 3600 (Compressor) level, 3800 (McPherson) level, 3849 (Thompson) level, and 4100 (Hummingbird) level. Mining has been carried out in the Henderson vein from the 4100 level down to a level 100 feet below the 3300 level; mining\nhas been more limited in the Ashman and Fault-plane veins.\nIn the fall of 1956 the company entered into an agreement with Silver Standard\nMines Limited whereby the latter undertook to expend the sum of $32,000 on development work by January 1st, 1957. The immediate object of this work was to develop\nsufficient additional ore reserves to warrant further expenditures in 1957, and ultimately\nto develop sufficient ore reserves to justify a resumption of production. A contract for the\ndevelopment work and diamond drilling was let to S. Homenuke, of Hazelton, and a\ncrew of seven men commenced work on October 17th. The work was mainly on the\nHummingbird and Canary claims. By the year end the 3800 F. raise had been driven\n135 feet, the 3950 footwall drift had been driven 93 feet, and the 3950 subdrift 48 feet.\nThe diamond drilling had not been started. The work was under the general supervision\nof A. C. Ritchie and N. G. Cornish, general superintendent and mine superintendent\nrespectively of Silver Standard Gold Mines Limited.\n[References: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1948, pp. 82-85; Geol. Surv.,\nCanada, Mem. 223 (Revised Edition), pp. 103-111 (1954).]\nSilver-Lead-Zinc-Cadmium\n(54\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W.) Company office, 744 West Hastings Street,\nCronin Babine Vancouver; mine office, Smithers. L. C. Creery, president; F.\n(New Cronin Babine Robinson, property superintendent; W. Robinson, mine superin-\nMines Limited) tendent. The company owns the Sunrise No. 7 Crown-granted\nclaim and holds under option from the Babine Bonanza Mining &\nMilling Company Limited the following Crown-granted claims: Lucky Strike, Home-\nstake, Bonanza, Eureka, Babine Chief, Bulkley Pioneer, Sunflower, and Sunflower fraction. The property is on the east slope of Cronin Mountain between elevations of 4,750\nand 5,250 feet, and is about 30 miles by road northeast of Smithers.\nThe orebodies are at the northeast end of a large body of rhyolite, at its contact\nwith surrounding argillites. In the underground workings the three known mineralized\nveins range up to 5 feet wide and are either at or near the rhyolite-argillite contact.\nThey strike northeastward and dip from 40 to 60 degrees north-northwestward. The\nore minerals are galena, sphalerite, boulangerite, and tetrahedrite, with appreciable\namounts of silver.\nThe showings were discovered in the early years of the century, and development\nwork on the property has continued intermittently since 1909. In 1952 a 40-ton mill\nwas completed and 3,510 tons of ore was milled. Operations ceased in November,\n1952, due to low base-metal prices, and the mine remained idle until 1956. The property has been explored by several shafts and raises and by three adit-drifts at elevations\nof 4,775 feet, 5,000 feet, and 5,065 feet respectively. The No. 5 level at 4,775 feet\nelevation is the main level.\nIn 1956 work on the property was resumed under the direction of Henry L. Hill &\nAssociates, of Vancouver. Work was started on June 9th and continued until November\n19th.   Production:   Ore milled, 4,200 tons.\nThe following work was done underground: No. 323 stope was driven through to\nNo. 2 (5,065-foot) level, 2,000 tons of ore was mined between the 421 sublevel and\nNo. 3 (5,000-foot) level, and a 25-foot raise was driven in ore from the top of this\nstope to the 421 sublevel.   A crew averaging twenty men was employed.\n[Reference:   Minister of Mines, B.C., Aim. Rept., 1949, pp. 94-98.] 28 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956\nTOPLEY*\nGold-Silver\n(54\u00b0  126\u00b0 N.E.)    Company office, 602 West Hastings Street,\nTopley Richfield    Vancouver.  This group of eighteen claims was optioned in 1955.\n(Silver Standard    The property is about 7 miles north of Topley, a small settlement\nMines Limited)     between Smithers and Burns Lake.   A considerable amount of\ndevelopment work was done in 1926 and 1927, and work has been\ndone intermittently since that time.\nIn 1955 the company drilled two diamond-drill holes, but difficulties in drilling due\nto caving rock stopped the first hole at 293 feet and the second at 243 feet. In 1956 a\ncrew of four men was employed from March 5th until April 15th under the general\nsupervision of W. St. C. Dunn. The second drill-hole mentioned above was lengthened\nto 361 feet. Another hole was drilled to 301 feet. It is reported that caving rock forced\nabandonment of the holes before reaching the ore zone.\n[Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1926, pp. 138-143; 1927, pp.\n140-147; 1937, pp. C26-27.]\nFRASER LAKE*\nUranium\n(53\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.)    Company office, 711, 525 Seymour Street,\nAbe, Babs, Ike,     Vancouver.   H. T. James, president.   This property, comprising\nPat, Zeke, Wow    thirty recorded claims, was optioned by the company from C. S.\n(American Standard Powney, E. A. Floyd, and partners, of Fort St. James, in Decem-\nMines Limited)     ber, 1955.  The claims are at an elevation of 3,500 to 4,000 feet\non the northern slope of Nithi Mountain and are reached by about\n9 miles of road from Fraser Lake P.O.\nThe area south of Fraser Lake, including the vicinity of the claims, is underlain by\na coarse-grained pink granite. On the claims the granite is intruded by a rhyolite porphyry dyke that has been traced on the surface by a series of shallow trenches for a\nlength of 670 feet and over an average width of 100 feet. This dyke strikes generally\nnorth and dips from 35 to 70 degrees to the west. Low-grade mineralization consisting\nof the secondary uranium minerals autunite, torbernite, and sabugalite occurs in small\nrandom fractures at and near the surface in the rhyolite porphyry. No primary uranium\nmineralization was observed.\nUnder the supervision of J. S. Ives, a crew of four men worked on the property from\nJune 6th to July 13th. A jeep-road Wi miles long was constructed to the claims from\nthe end of the logging-road. One thousand two hundred feet of trenching was done, and\nfour diamond-drill holes were drilled, totalling 333 feet. It is reported that the results of\nthis work indicate that the uranium mineralization does not extend more than a few feet\nbeneath the surface exposures and is thus insufficient to be of economic interest at the\npresent time.\n[Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1955, p. 28.]\n* By A. R. C. James. LODE METALS\n29\nCopper\nOMINECA*\nBabine Lake (54\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.E.)\nMcDonald Island\n(The Granby Consolidated Mining\nSmelting and\nPower Company\nLimited)\nHead office, 1111 West Georgia Street, Vancouver. L. T. Postle,\npresident. This property consists of a group of thirty-five recorded\nclaims, some of which are held under option agreement, and is on\nMcDonald Island (also known as Copper Island) in the northern\nsection of Babine Lake at the mouth of Hagan Arm. The property\nmay be reached by boat from Topley Landing or by float-plane.\nLow-grade copper mineralization was discovered here in the early\nyears of the century, and prospecting and exploration have been\ncarried on intermittently since then, especially in 1929 when The Consolidated Mining\nand Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, took an option on the property and did\nsome diamond drilling. Mineralization appears to be extensive but of low grade, and\nconsists of chalcopyrite and small amounts of bornite disseminated and in fractures in\nvolcanic rocks. A central knoll about 250 feet above the level of the lake carries the\nprincipal showings.\nThe Granby Company began work on the property in 1955, when a diamond-\ndrilling programme was started. This programme was continued in 1956. Crews and\nequipment were taken over the lake ice in March and a tent camp was established. The\nwork was continued until August. A crew averaging twelve men was employed under\nthe supervision of L. R. Haggard. Forty holes were diamond drilled, totalling 11,158\nfeet, and some test-pits were put in to the west of the ore zone by hand work.\n[Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1913, pp. 113-114; 1927,\npp. 149-150;  1929, pp. 180-181;  1940, p. 78;  1946, p. 89;  1955, p. 29.]\nFrench Peak (55\u00b0 126\u00b0 S.W.)\nSilver-Lead\nCompany office, 1001, 335 Bay Street, Toronto; Vancouver office,\nRio Canadian      9,  515 Granville Street, Vancouver.    D.  R. Derry, president.\nExploration Ltd.    This property consists of twenty-four claims held by location and\nis on French Peak, about 8 miles west of the north end of Babine\nLake. The property is reached from the head of Babine Lake by 8 miles of tractor-road.\nThe showings were discovered in 1955 and are reported to consist of narrow silver-lead\nmineralization in two subparallel shear zones in bedded volcanic rocks of the Hazelton\ngroup. A crew averaging ten men was employed under the supervision of H. B. Johnston\nand H. S. Lazenby from June 1st to September 15th. Mineralized structures were investigated over a length of 1,200 feet by about 4,500 linear feet of bulldozer trenches and\n1,737 feet of diamond drilling.\nFort St. James (54\u00b0 124\u00b0 S.E.)\nMercury\nCompany office, Royal Bank Building, Vancouver.   J. A. Mitchell,\nD.A. (Canadian     exploration manager.    The property consists of sixteen claims\nExploration Limited) which were located in 1956 by D. Rottacker and are now held by\nrecord by Centennial Mines Ltd. It is 6 miles east of Fort St.\nJames on the Fort St. James-Manson Creek road and is on the west side of Murray\nRidge on the general line of the Pinchi fault zone. It is reported that the showings\ninclude occurrences of cinnabar in highly altered volcanic rocks associated with the\nultrabasic intrusive of Murray Ridge.   A crew of about sixteen men was employed by\n* By A. R. C. James. 30 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nCanadian Exploration Limited on this property in the summer of 1956, and ten holes\nwere diamond drilled. It is reported that the results of the drilling were inconclusive,\nbut that heavily faulted ground was disclosed. The work was under the general direction\nof J. A. Mitchell.    Further work is planned for 1957.\nINGENIKA RIVER*\nLead-Zinc\n(56\u00b0 125\u00b0 N.E.)   This property includes thirty-two Crown-granted\nFerguson (The Con- and twenty-two recorded claims held under option from Ingenika\nsolidated Mining    Mines Limited.   It is on the south side of the Ingenika River, 21\nand Smelting Com- miles west of Fort Grahame.    The showings consist of lead-zinc\npany of Canada,    replacement in limestone and were originally discovered about\nLimited) 1925.   From 1926 to 1930 some development work, including the\ndriving of crosscut tunnels, was carried out by Ingenika Mines\nLimited; since that time no further development work has been done on the property.\nIn 1956 The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, sent a\ngeological party of nine men into the area.   The work was begun on June 15th and\ncontinued until September 15th, with A. C. Taplin in charge.   Geological and geophysical\n(electromagnetic) surveys were carried out and geochemical testing was done.    Two\nmiles of trail was made and the old workings were reopened.    Transportation to the\nproperty was by float-plane to Delkluz Lake, which is close to the showings.\n[References:  Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1926, pp. 155-157;  1928, pp.\n182-185.]\nSwannell (The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited.\n\u2014(56\u00b0 125\u00b0 N.E.) This property consists of a group of thirty-four recorded claims on\nSwannell River, a tributary of the Ingenika River, and is 20 miles west of Fort Grahame.\nThe showings are reported to consist of lead-zinc replacement in limestone. In 1956\nThe Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, optioned the\nproperty from Gust Ola. A crew of three men under the supervision of A. C. Taplin did\ngeological and geophysical work from June 15th to September 15th. Transportation\nwas by float-plane to Delkluz Lake, near the property, and by small gasoline-driven\ntractor on the property.\nUPPER FRASER RIVER*\nHansard (54\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W.)\nCopper\nCompany office, 1001 335 Bay Street, Toronto; Vancouver office,\nRio Canadian       9, 515 Granville Street, Vancouver.   D. R. Derry, president.   In\nExploration Ltd.    1956 this company held under option from Desoto Mines Limited\na property consisting of seventeen claims and fractions on Mine\nCreek, a tributary of McGregor River.   The property is reached from Hansard station\non the Canadian National Railway by boat down the Fraser and up the McGregor River\nto Mine Creek, and thence by 1 mile of trail.   It is reported that the showings consist\nof scattered chalcopyrite mineralization in a silicified zone in argillites and limestones.\nA crew of about six men under the supervision of D. Calimente worked on the property\nfrom June 21st to August 1st.   Two holes were diamond drilled, totalling 495 feet, and\nsome soil-testing work was done.\n* By A. R. C. James. LODE METALS\n31\nRio Canadian\nExploration Ltd.\nHutton (53\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.W.)\nCompany office, 1001, 335 Bay Street, Toronto; Vancouver office,\n9, 515 Granville Street, Vancouver. D. R. Derry, president. In\n1956 this company held under option from Desoto Mines Limited\na property consisting of eighteen claims and fractions straddling\nthe Fraser River about 3 miles west of Hutton station on the Canadian National Railway.\nThe copper showings, which were discovered many years ago, are on the west bank of\nthe river. A crew of six men under the supervision of D. Calimente worked on the\nproperty from May 12th to June 24th. The showings were stripped by bulldozing and\nsluicing, exposing about 2,500 square feet of bedrock. One hole, 148 feet long, was\ndiamond drilled, but core recovery was poor.   Soil testing was done on the claims.\nCARIBOO*\nWells-Barkerville (53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W.)\nGold\nAurum and Cariboo Gold Quartz (The Cariboo Gold Quartz Mining Company\nLimited).\u2014Company office, 1007 Royal Bank Building, Vancouver. W. B. Burnett,\npresident; A. Shaak, general manager; M. Guiguet, general superintendent; J. Stone,\nmill superintendent. Capital: 2,000,000 shares, $1 par value. The Cariboo Gold\nQuartz and Aurum mines operated by this company are adjacent to the town of Wells,\nwhich is 51 miles by road from Quesnel on the Pacific Great Eastern Railway.\n* By J. W. Patterson. 32 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nWork done underground at the two mines was as follows:\u2014\nWork Done\nZone\nMine\nAdvance\nOre\nWaste\nLevel development\u2014\n1700 level\nRainbow\t\nRainbow and Tailings \u2014\t\nRainbow and Tailings\t\nNo. 1 \t\nC.G.Q \t\nC.G.Q. \t\nFt.\n38\n212\n866\n59\n904\n121\n156\n26\n251\n205\n488\n244\nTons\n28\n124\n1,116\n17\n2,078\n145\n86\n60\n19\n2,425\nTons\n113\n1800 level\n729\n1900 level                   -    -\nC.G.Q\t\n2,060\n2000 level           \t\nC.G.Q\t\n174\n2100 level\nC.G.Q\t\n2,258\n3500 level\t\nAurum\t\n560\n3375 level                  .\n526\n3250 level    . .    _\n148\n3125 level    ,   \u2014\t\nAurum  .\u201e.\nAurum \t\nAurum\t\nAurum \t\n1,169\n3000 level \t\n516\n2850 level \t\n288\n2550 level -     -\n886\nTotals    \t\n3,570\n6,098\n9,427\nSublevel development\u2014\n1600level... -   - -\n1800 level               \t\nRainbow \t\nRainbow. .\u201e\t\nTailings\t\nTailings...     \u201e\nC.G.Q\t\nC.G.Q   ..\n64\n28\n146\n171\n29\n14\n259\n81\n112\n68\n\t\n131\n53\nC.G.Q...\t\n105\n180\n344\n135\n24\n87\n2100 level\nC.G.Q \t\nAurum\t\nAurum \t\nAurum\t\nAurum.\u2014\t\nAnnim \t\nAurum.\t\n3625 level \t\n88\n3500 level       \t\n32\n3375 level \t\n443\n3125 level             -\n188\n3000 level    \t\n161\n2550 level               \t\n114\n972\n788\n1,297\nC.G.Q\t\nDiamond drilling\u2014\n373\n1,021\n1,194\n349\n2,195\n372\n508\n1,195\n1,154\n560\n\t\n1800 level           \t\nC.G.Q\t\nC.G.Q \t\nC.G.Q... \t\n1900 level            -\n2100 level\nC.G.Q\t\n3750 level       \t\nAurum.\t\nAurum... \u2014 ,,...\t\nAurum\t\nAurum\t\nAurum\t\n3500 level-\t\n3375 level                   \t\n3125 level      \t\n3000 level        -\t\nTotal \t\n9,221\nStoping\u2014\n1100 level \t\nSaunders -\nNo. 1  ._  .    \t\nRainbow..  \t\nC.G.Q\t\n\t\n211\n1,063\n753\n9,966\n22,356\n400\n10,870\n1,911\n570\n2,305\n6,973\n297\n1,385\n11,713\n13,905\n3,132\nC.G.Q    ..   .\n1700 level\t\nC.G.Q.\n\t\nC.G.Q\t\nC.G.Q \t\nNo. 1. ..\nC.G.Q\t\nC.G.Q \t\nTailings and No. 1  \t\n\t\n4000 level   - -\nAurum \t\nAurum \t\nAurum\t\nAurum..\t\nAurum  .\t\nAurum\t\nAurum\t\nAurum   \t\n3625 level\n3500 level               \t\n3375 level   . \t\n3250 level\n3125 level     \t\n\t\n3000 level               - .\n2850 level\n2550 level\nTotal\n\t\n87,810\nExcept for two holes drilled to determine the bottom of Jack of Clubs Lake, all\ndiamond drilling was done to check for possible extensions of known orebodies and for\ngeological and mineralogical information in ground not explored previously.\nProduction: Ore mined, 94,696 tons; waste mined, 10,724 tons; ore milled,\n94,721 tons.    Of the ore mined, 45,429 tons was from the Aurum mine.\nThe average number of men employed was 210, of which 135 were employed underground.\nDue to greater stress being placed on accident prevention by the company, the\naccident-frequency rate was reduced by approximately 70 per cent from that of the\nprevious year. LODE METALS\n33\nGold\nQUESNEL*\nYanks Peak (52\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.E.)\nThe Jim group of mineral claims is near Yanks Peak, about 11\nJim miles by road from Keithley Creek P.O.   The claims are held by\nF. H. M. Codville, of Duncan, who, with two partners, W. E.\nEdwards and G. Burgleman, did 50 feet of crosscutting, a small amount of diamond\ndrilling, and hauled 50 tons of ore by truck to the pilot mill on the adjoining Midas\nproperty. Changes in the milling process are contemplated, as gold recovery was considered unsatisfactory.\n[Reference:   B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. 34, 1954, pp. 65-68.]\nCopper\nMouse Mountain (53\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E.)\nMouse Mountain\nNos. 1 to 15t\nabout 110 by 30 feet.\nThis property is 13 miles from Quesnel on the road to Wells.\nIt includes fifteen claims located in 1955 by C. M. Fuller, J. Mac-\nGowan, and D. Pearson. The main showing at the side of the\nroad exposes greenish intermediate volcanic rocks for an area of\nBeyond the exposure is deep alluvium. About half the exposure\nis mineralized in some degree by chalcopyrite, bornite, and malachite. The chalcopyrite\nand bornite replace the volcanic rock and the malachite occurs chiefly in small slicken-\nsided fractures that strike on the average north 40 degrees east and mostly dip about\n35 degrees northwest.   There is no obvious control of the primary mineralization.\nDuring the autumn of 1955 and spring of 1956, exploration consisted of stripping\nthe showing, hand-sorting a carload of ore which reportedly assayed 5 Vi per cent copper,\nand diamond drilling about 8,500 feet by Harrison Minerals Ltd., which had the property\nunder option.\nWILLIAMS LAKEJ\nMcLeeseLake (52\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E.)\nCopper\nThis property includes 130 claims that extend eastward from a\nIron Mountain line joining McLeese and Cuisson Lakes. The showings are about\n3 miles northeast of McLeese Lake and may be reached from\nthe Cariboo Highway at McLeese Lake by a branch from the dirt road that follows\nSheridan Creek. The original nucleus of claims, the Iron Mountain group, was located\nin 1952 by S. Pearson. Additional claims were located by C. M. Fuller, J. MacGowan,\nand others from 1954 to 1956. The groups were optioned and further claims were\nlocated by The Cariboo Gold Quartz Mining Company Limited in August, 1956. The\nmain showings are on the Iron Mountain and Iron Mountain Nos. 1 to 7 claims.\nThe area of the showing is underlain by light-green schists with interbedded lenses\nand beds of marble that may be part of the Cache Creek group. Bedding and schistosity\nare parallel and strike eastward and dip about 30 degrees to the south. A contact with\na granitic intrusion lies about 500 feet north of the showings and approximately parallel\nwith the strike of the metamorphic rocks.\nThe showings consist of an aligned series of thin lenses of magnetite or specular\nhematite with chalcopyrite which, together with garnet, pyroxene, and epidote, replace\nthe enclosing marble and schist. The lenses of iron oxides parallel the bedding and\nhave been traced for over 5,000 feet.    Specular hematite forms the lenses in the central\n* By J. W. Patterson, except as noted.\nt By A. S. Brown.\nt By A. S. Brown, except as noted.\n2 34 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nsection of the showings, and magnetite those at either end. Individual lenses of iron\noxides range between a few inches and 4 feet thick. The chalcopyrite occurs chiefly\nas disseminated blobs and grains within the iron oxide lenses, but malachite is widely\ndistributed in small amounts in the surrounding schists, particularly on the footwall side\nof the lenses.   The average copper content of the iron oxide lenses is about 2 per cent.\nOld workings include three shallow prospect shafts and a number of pits and\ntrenches.    In general the area of the showings is moderately well exposed.\nThe exploration programme of Cariboo Gold Quartz Mining Company included\na magnetometer survey, bulldozer trenching, and diamond drilling. The magnetometer\nsurvey revealed three anomalies\u2014one over the outcrop zone and two farther south.\nTrenching proved the iron oxide lenses to be consistent but thin, and in addition proved\na consistent, if low, copper content of the footwall schists. The X-ray drilling was\ninconclusive; only a total of 150 feet in five holes was completed before weather forced\nabandonment for the winter. Three holes on the main showings had extremely poor\ncore recovery. Two holes on the southernmost anomaly showed it to be due to disseminated magnetite and that only traces of copper were present.\nNickel\n(52\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E.) The Ni group of eight claims, located by Frank\nNi* Merryth in April, 1956, lies immediately south of the east end of\nWilliams Lake. The claims cover a band of rusty-brown ankeritic\ncarbonate alteration that outcrops in prominent bluffs about 1,000 feet above Williams\nLake and is readily visible from the north side of the lake. A zone of brecciation as\nmuch as 400 feet wide and trending about west is almost completely replaced by ankeritic\ncarbonate. The faint brecciation is still evident in a few outcrops. The ankeritic carbonate is crossed by narrow veinlets of chalcedonic quartz and in some areas contain\nsmall flakes of pale-green mariposite. Minute grains of millerite have been identified\nby Professor R. M. Thompson, of the University of British Columbia.\nThe locator of the claims reported having obtained assays as high as 0.7 per cent\nnickel from some samples of selected material. During the early summer a road was\nbulldozed to the foot of the ankerite bluff and three short drill-holes were put down by\nThe Granby Consolidated Mining Smelting and Power Company Limited. This work\nhad been completed by late July, and nothing further was done on the claims.\nA sample of selected material assayed: Nickel, 0.23 per cent; chromium, 0.27\nper cent.\nLAC LA HACHEf\nTakomkane (Big Timothy) Mountain (52\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W.)\nMolybdenum\nBritish Columbia office, 718 Granville Street, Vancouver.   In 1956\nBoss Mountain     the Climax Molybdenum Company acquired by option 103 mineral\n(Climax Molybde-   claims, including the Adanac, Adanac Fraction, Adanac No. 1,\nnum Company)     Adanac No. 2, Blacky, Bonnie, Geraldine, Tip Top, Tooty Fruity,\nand Utoo Crown-granted  claims.    The Crown-granted claims,\nlocated at various times between 1928 and 1935 and the recorded claims located in 1956,\nare at present owned by H. H. Huestis, of Vancouver, and associates.\nThe claims are on both sides of a small eastward-flowing tributary of Molybdenite\nCreek. The headwaters of this tributary are on Takomkane Mountain, also known\nas Big Timothy or Boss Mountain. Takomkane Mountain is approximately 30 miles\nnortheast of Lac la Hache. Access to the property can be gained by road from 100 Mile\nHouse through Forest Grove village and along Bradley Creek to the southern end of\n* By S. S. Holland.\nt By J. W. Patterson. LODE METALS\n35\nMurphy Lake and thence northeastward by pack-horse trail for about 20 miles. The\nlast 22 miles of the road to Murphy Lake is suitable only for four-wheel-drive vehicles.\nBetween September 26th and October 14th, five holes totalling 1,714 feet were\ndiamond drilled on the property.\n[Reference:  B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. 9, 1940, pp. 34-47.]\nTASEKO LAKE*\nCopper\nMohawk and\nSpokane (Canadian\nExploration\nLimited)\n(51\u00b0  123\u00b0  S.E.)    General access to these groups of mineral\nclaims is most easily gained by float-equipped aircraft to Taseko\nLake and thence by about 9 miles of jeep-road from the south end\nof the lake along the north side of Taseko River.    From the end\nof this road there are branch tractor-roads to the Spokane group\nat the headwaters of McClure Creek and the Mohawk group on\nthe east side of Granite Creek, a short distance from its mouth.    The north end of\nTaseko Lake can be reached by 55 miles of road from Hanceville, which is about 40 miles\nsouthwest of Williams Lake.\nIn this area in 1956 Canadian Exploration Limited acquired by option 230 mineral\nclaims from the Gadara Copper Syndicate, of Williams Lake, and G. N. Beattie, of\nVancouver. G. N. Beattie owns the Mohawk group, while the Gadara Syndicate holds\nby record and option the remainder of the claims, including the Spokane group.\nA D-7 bulldozer and a jeep were brought to the properties via the Hanceville-\nTaseko Lake road and by a circuitous route which is not recommended for general use,\nfrom the north end of the lake to its south end. Three short diamond-drill holes totalling\n228 feet were drilled on the Spokane group; one hole, 507 feet deep, was drilled on\na west tributary of Granite Creek, 2VS_ miles above the junction of Granite Creek with\nTaseko River; one hole was drilled 457 feet deep east of Granite Creek near its mouth.\nSurface mapping, sampling, and trenching were done on the Mohawk group.\nIn addition, the 9 miles of road from the south end of Taseko Lake along Taseko\nRiver was improved and tractor-roads were constructed to the Spokane and Mohawk\ngroups.\nAn average of eleven men was employed under the direction of C. C. Rennie, field\nengineer.\n[Reference: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1935, pp. F 22-26.]\nCopper\nCLINTON*\nPoison Mountain (51\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W.)\nCopper Nos. 1 to 4\n(The Granby Consolidated Mining\nIn March, 1956, The Granby Consolidated Mining Smelting and\nPower Company Limited recorded thirty-nine mineral claims on\nPoison Mountain around and adjacent to the Copper Nos. 1, 2,\n3 and 4 claims.   These four claims were located by H. Reynolds,\nSmelting and Power of Lillooet, in 1955 and cover ground originally located in 1935.\nCompany Limited) The entire group of forty-three claims is at the junction of Copper\nCreek with Poison Mountain Creek.    Before staking the Granby\nCompany had acquired an option on the four copper claims.    Staking crews were transported to Poison Mountain from Lillooet by helicopter.\nPoison Mountain is about 40 miles northwest of Lillooet and is near the headwaters\nof Yalakom River and Churn Creek. Access is by 36 miles of road from Big Bar ferry\non the Fraser River. Thirty-two miles of this road was constructed by the Granby\nCompany.    It is suitable only for four-wheel-drive vehicles.\n* By J. W. Patterson. 36\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nThe principal sedimentary rocks underlying the property consist of interbedded\nsandstone and argillite overlain in several areas by pebble and boulder conglomerate,\nall of which have been intruded by a complex body of diorite porphyry and granodiorite.\nThe sulphide mineralization, chalcopyrite and pyrite predominating, occurs as disseminations and fracture fillings in the porphyries, usually in greater amounts where the biotite\ncontent of the porphyries increases. As revealed by trenching, stripping, and diamond\ndrilling, the most favourable zone is adjacent to and north of Copper Creek. Figure 1\nshows this zone.\nFigure 1. Poison Mountain area.   Showing approximate position of the\nCopper group of mineral claims.\nThe average assay of samples taken by the Granby Company along the western end\nof this zone at 5-foot intervals over a continuous length of 250 feet was 0.60 per cent\ncopper.   The assays ranged from 0.07 to 2.60 per cent copper.\nAnother mineralized zone lies east of Poison Mountain Creek immediately south of\nFenton Creek, one of its tributaries. Fenton Creek is about half a mile north of Copper\nCreek.    Deep overburden separates the two zones. LODE METALS\n37\nIn both zones, minor amounts of sphalerite and molybdenite occur with the copper\nand iron sulphides.   The gold and silver content is small.\nDuring the month of August 3,800 feet of bedrock was exposed by the removal\nof 25,900 cubic yards of overburden with a D-6 bulldozer, and ten holes totalling 1,973\nfeet were diamond drilled.\nSix men were employed under the direction of W. C. Cheesman.\n[Reference:  Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1946, pp. 101-102.]\nLILLOOET*\nBlue Creek (51\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W.)\nGold\nThe Elizabeth group of four Crown-granted claims is north of\nElizabeth Blue Creek, a tributary of Yalakom River.    They are owned by\nElizabeth U. White, of Vancouver, and T. W. Illidge, of Bralorne.\nAccess to the property is by 48 miles of road from Lillooet. On this and adjoining\nground, during the years 1941 and 1942 and 1946 to 1953, Bralorne Mines Limited did\napproximately 1,700 feet of stripping, 2,000 feet of crosscutting, 2,000 feet of drifting,\n2,000 feet of diamond drilling, and 350 feet of raising.\nIn 1956 five men, supervised by T. W. Illidge, collared a crosscut on the Elizabeth\nNo. 1 claim at 7,230 feet elevation and drove 466 feet at about north 70 degrees west to\nexplore two quartz veins exposed on surface. Both veins, the Main vein and the West\nvein, were intersected by the crosscut at 110 and 455 feet from the collar respectively.\nTwenty-four feet of drifting was done on the West vein. Mining equipment consisted\nof one 384-cubic-feet-per-minute Sullivan compressor powered by a D-13000 Caterpillar diesel, two Copco jackleg drills, one 2-ton rocker side-dumping car, and one\nEimco 12B overhead loader.\nIn addition to the underground work, the access road was repaired for 25 miles\nalong Yalakom River and Blue Creek, and the former Bralorne camp was rehabilitated.\nMining exploration was under the direction of W. H. White.\n[Reference:  B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. 32, 1953, pp. 46-50.]\nGold\nBridge River (50\u00b0 122\u00b0 N.W.)\nBralorne Mines\nLimited\nCompany office,  555 Burrard Street, Vancouver;   mine office,\nBralorne.   A. C. Taylor, president; M. M. O'Brien, vice-president\nand managing director; D. N. Matheson, general manager; C. M.\nManning, general superintendent;  C. D. Musser, mill superintendent.    Capital:   1,250,000 shares, no par value.   The Bralorne mine is on Cadwallader\nCreek, a tributary of Bridge River, and is 75 miles by road from Lillooet on the Pacific\nGreat Eastern Railway.\n* By J. W. Patterson. 38 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nA summary of underground development and exploration work follows:\nAdvance\nWork Done (Ft.)\nDrifting\u2014\n1951 drifts east and west  602\n2002 drift west  384\n2579 drift west  42\n2793 drift east  133\n2877 hangingwall drift west  106\n2893 drift west  335\n2977 drifts east and west  1,187\n3077 drifts east and west  1,898\n3177 drifts east and west  486\n3277 drift east  133\n3279 drift east  28\nTotal   5,334\nscutting\u2014\n2002 hangingwall crosscut\n__\u201e    _        292\n2677 No. 2 crosscut                         \t\n           80\n2977 crosscut                  \t\n      356\n2979 crosscut              __\n           73\n3277 crosscut\n        241\n3279 crosscut\t\n      253\n2900 and 3200 level tail tracks\t\n         114\nTotal      \t\nne\t\n1,409\nRaising __ _ 2,170\nShaft-sinking\u2014\nQueen shaft (19^ by 7 feet, four compartments)       56\nCrown shaft (14V__ by 7 feet, three compartments)     122\nTotal       178\nDiamond drilling  5,972\nMost of the development work was done below the 2600 level on the 77 and 93\nveins. The levels below the 2600 level are serviced by the Queen shaft, the greater part\nof which was sunk in 1954. Other major development was on the 2000 level in the area\nbelow the old King mine and in the adjoining property of Taylor (Bridge River) Mines\nLimited.\nFacilities are being provided in the Crown shaft for handling ore hauled from the\nQueen shaft on the 2600 level. The Crown shaft has been deepened 122 feet and the\nexcavation of a loading-pocket has been started.\nA new Ingersoll-Rand 72- by 58-inch double-drum electric hoist equipped with\ninternal expanding jaw-type clutches has been installed on the 2600 level to service the\nQueen shaft.\nMost of the diamond drilling was directed to locate the extensions of known veins\non new development levels and to test the walls of veins on productive levels for possible\nparallel structures.\nProduction: Ore mined, 114,909 tons; waste mined, 19,781 tons; ore milled,\n131,662 tons. At the end of 1956, 55 per cent of the ore mined was from the Queen\nshaft levels. Fill for the stopes on these levels was brought into the mine from the waste\ndump at the mill-site. LODE METALS\n39\nThe average number of men employed was 370, of which 265 were employed\nunderground.\nDue mainly to the efforts of G. J. Lee, safety director, the accident-frequency rate\nwas reduced by about 50 per cent from that of the previous year. Twenty-seven supervisors were trained in job safety and job instruction.\nCompany office, 711 Yorkshire Building, 525 Seymour Street,\nPioneer Gold       Vancouver; mine office, Pioneer Mine.   Victor Spencer, president;\nMines of B.C.      H.  T.  James,  managing director;   W.  B.  Montgomery,  mine\nLimited manager;   J. C. Moore, mine superintendent;   T. Bevister, mill\nsuperintendent.    Capital:   2,500,000 shares, $1 par value.    The\nPioneer mine is on Cadwallader Creek, a tributary of Bridge River, and is about 78 miles\nby road from Lillooet on the Pacific Great Eastern Railway.   The property adjoins that\nof Bralorne on the east.\nThe following is a summary of the work performed underground:\u2014\u2022\nWork Done\nAdvance\nOre\nWaste\nDrifting\u2014\nFt.\n827.0\n83.0\n44.0\n624.5\nTons\n624\n434\n114\n1,938\nTons\n3,491\n56\n28 level, 27 HW vein   \t\n1,211\nTotnls\n1,578.5\n3,110\n4,758\nCrosscutting\u2014\n20 level                          -\t\n1,977.0\n57.0\n543.5\n25\n51\n8,832\n25 level   .                          \t\n284\n29 level   - -\n1,087\nTotals\t\n2,577.5\n76\n10,203\nRaising\u2014\n141.5\n138.0\n152.0\n157.5\n209.5\n154.0\n207\n22 level, waste pass  \u201e \t\n26 lev. 1j 77 win\n338\n261\n687\n445\n293\n?8 Jrvpl, 77 vein\n47\n. Q lfVP'j 77 vRin\nTotals     \t\n952.5\n1,731\n547\nStope development and production\u2014\n13\n3,643\n9,953\n5,473\n1,624\n32,881\n27,466\n6,969\n823\n1,447\n29\nT> level, 77 vein\n165.0\n147.5\n23 level, 27 vein  _ _\t\n24 level, 27 vein.  \t\n26 level, 27 vein _\t\n130.0\n119.5\n25.5\n138.0\n31\n27 level, 27 vein \u201e    .\t\n41\n28 level, 27 vein  \t\n17\n29 level, 27 vein\t\nTotals\t\n725.5\n90,292\n118\nDiamond drilling\u2014\n10 level  _\t\n221\n407\n6,193\n800\n440\n630\n5,111\n50\n(Purpose)\nTesting 27 vein.\n15 level _.\nSouthward   exploration   in   FW   of\nMain vein.\nExploration and testing 89 and 92\nveins.\nExploration of Main vein FW structures.\n20 level  ,           \t\n25 level \t\n27 level.\t\n28 level-\t\nTesting 29 vein and HW of 27 vein.\n29 level    _\n29 level sump  \t\nalso HW structures.\nDrainage holes to sump.\nTotal   \t\n13,852 40 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nExploration was concentrated on the 2000 and 2900 levels. Three hundred and\nsixty-four feet of marginal ore was exposed by drifting along the 89 vein on the 2000\nlevel. On the 2900 level, drifting was continued to the north along the 27 vein. No\nnew oreshoots were found.\nThe Taylor tunnel was reopened, and a raise was driven 141 feet on the 40 vein,\nthe last 75 feet being in ore above average mine grade.\nNew construction consisted of a warehouse and a core-shed on the mill-site and\na shed at No. 3 shaft headframe. Major repairs were made to the mill foundation, to\nthe cribbing along Cadwallader Creek, and to the No. 2 pipe-line which supplies water\nto the hydro-plant.\nUnderground, new measuring hoppers were installed in No. 2 shaft in the 2000 level\nand 2600 level loading-pockets. Two loading-pockets were excavated at No. 3 shaft\nabove the 2200 level and were equipped with measuring-hoppers. On surface a new\nsheave was installed in the No. 3 shaft headframe, and a 25-kva. 2,200-110\/220-volt\ntransformer was installed to improve domestic distribution of electricity. In the mill,\nNo. 1 conveyor was replaced by a Syntron feeder.\nLate in 1956 the number of tons milled per day was increased from 250 to 275.\nThis increase was made possible by the introduction of Aerofloc 3000 to the mill circuit,\nwhich promoted settling of slimes in the thickeners.\nProduction: Ore mined, 95,209 tons; waste mined, 15,626 tons; ore milled (after\nsorting), 88,537 tons.\nDue mainly to B. C. Murray's continuing efforts as safety director, the accident-\nfrequency rate was reduced by 56 per cent from that of the previous year. A total of\nforty-one persons were trained in first aid, seven of whom received industrial certificates. Twenty-eight employees and two supervisors were trained in job safety and job\ninstruction.\nCobalt-Gold-Uranium\nCompany office, 510 West Hastings Street, Vancouver. A. R.\nLittle Gem (North- Allen, president; J. MacBeth, superintendent. This property,\nern Gem Mining consisting of eight Crown-granted and twenty-six recorded mineral\nCorporation Ltd.) claims, is on Roxey Creek near its headwaters. Roxey Creek\nflows northeast into Gun Creek and is west of Gun Lake. The\nmain ore-mineral occurrences are about half a mile east of and 700 feet above the mine\ncamp on Roxey Creek. By road the camp is 3 miles from Gun Creek and 15 miles from\nthe Bridge River road. The 3 miles of road from Gun Creek is suitable only for four-\nwheel-drive vehicles.\nThe mineral occurrences were discovered by W. Haylmore and W. H. Ball in 1934.\nJ. M. Taylor acquired the claims in 1937, and in 1938 optioned them to the United States\nVanadium Corporation. This option was relinquished in 1939 after the mineral occurrences had been explored by two adits at elevations of 6,192 and 6,250 feet. In 1940,\nfor part of the year, Bralorne Mines Limited held an option, during which time the lower\nadit was extended and two short raises were driven from that level. No further extensive exploration was done until Estella Mines Limited drilled twelve diamond-drill\nholes from the lower adit.   This company relinquished its option in 1953.\nIn 1956 Northern Gem Mining Company acquired an option on the Crown-granted\nclaims and ownership of the adjoining Palang and Paul groups of recorded claims.\nTen claims comprising the O.K. group were recorded in 1956. Work commenced on\nJune 1st and continued until October 27th. The Gun Creek road and the road from\nGun Creek to the mine camp were repaired. The latter road required rebuilding in\nplaces. A camp consisting of semi-permanent buildings of frame construction was\nestablished on the east bank of Roxey Creek. A cook-house, powder-house, blacksmith-\nshop, and a compressor-house were erected and four tents with wood floors and walls to LODE METALS 41\nhouse the crew. Equipment and materials were transported from the camp-site to the\nportal of the lower adit by truck and a jigback-single-track-cable tramway.\nFour diamond-drill holes totalling 697 feet were drilled downwards from the lower\nadit.   The upper adit was prepared for drifting and crosscutting.\nThe number of employees averaged eight.\n[Reference:   Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1948, pp. 112-119.]\nCayoosh Creek (50\u00b0 122\u00b0 N.W.)\nGold\nThe Dry Gulch group of five claims is owned by P. Meury, of\nDry Gulch Lillooet.   The claims are adjacent to Cayoosh Creek and are about\n1 mile above the mouth of Enterprise Creek.    Four open-cuts,\nall within 1,000 feet of Meury's cabin, were examined.   Three of the open-cuts exposed\nnarrow quartz stringers for short distances;   one open-cut was entirely in quartzite.\nTwo chip samples taken of the quartz in two open-cuts assayed:   Gold, nil; silver, nil.\nRusty Creek (50\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.W.)\nCopper\nCompany office, 569 Howe Street, Vancouver. R. A. Brossard,\nCopper King (High- president; C. W. S. Tremaine, consulting engineer. This property\nland Valley Mining is at the headwaters of Rusty Creek, a tributary of Fountain Creek\nCorporation Ltd.) which flows north into the Fraser River. A jeep-road 3 miles long\nconnects the property to the Fountain Valley road 5 miles from\nits junction with the Lillooet-Pavilion road. Work consisted chiefly of extending and\nsampling several of the old open-cuts. A 105-cubic-foot-per-minute compressor provided air for drilling.\nTwo miles of road suitable only for four-wheel-drive vehicles was built, and 1 mile\nof existing road was repaired and improved.\nThe work was done by a crew of four men supervised by A. Greenway, of Lillooet.\n[Reference:  Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1949, pp. 114-115.]\nHIGHLAND VALLEY*\nThe encouraging results of exploration work on the property of Bethlehem Copper\nCorporation Ltd. in Highland Valley in 1955 served to focus interest in the copper\npossibilties of that area, and of the Guichon Creek batholith in general. As a result,\n7,324 mineral claims were located in the Kamloops Mining Division in 1956. Of these,\nmore than 6,000 were in the Highland Valley and near vicinity.\nThe location of some groups of claims with relation to Highland Valley and to the\nholdings of Bethlehem Copper Corporation Ltd. are shown on the index map, Figure 2.\nNumerous other groups lying to the north and south are not shown.\nHighland Valley is southeast of Ashcroft, about 30 miles distant by road. Alternatively it may be reached by the Tunkwa Lake road extending south from Savona or by\nthe Mamit Lake road extending north from Merritt.\nThe Highland Valley is underlain by the Guichon Creek batholith and associated\nintrusives, which on Forge Mountain are unconformably overlain by mid-Tertiary\nbasaltic lavas. The dominant rock of the Guichon Creek batholith is quartz diorite, but\ndetailed geological work, especially that done by company geologists on the Bethlehem\nCopper property, has shown that the older quartz diorite is intruded by several distinctive younger quartz diorites and by several porphyries as well. Rocks instrusive into\nthe older quartz diorite have been recognized on several of the other properties, but\n* By Stuart S. Holland and E. R. Hughes. 42\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nFigure 2. Index Map of some properties in Highland Valley.\n1. Krain Copper Ltd.\n2. Salmo Prince Mines Limited.\n3. Trojan Consolidated Mines Ltd.\n4. Northlodge Copper Mines Limited.\n5. Farwest Tungsten Copper Mines Limited and Beaver\nLodge Uranium Mines Limited.\n6. Bethlehem Copper Corporation Ltd.\n7. Outrider group (Farwest Tungsten and Beaver Lodge\nUranium).\n8. O.K. mine.\n9. Bethsaida   Copper   Mines   Limited,   including   the\nCrown-granted Tamarac and Osprey groups.\n10. Graham Bousquet Gold Mines Limited.\n11. Empire claim.\n12. Kathleen claim.\n13. Laco Mines Limited.\n14. Skeena Silver Mines Ltd.\n15. Sheba Copper Mines Limited.\n16. Jericho Mines Ltd.\na considerable amount of petrographic work will be necessary in order to relate them\nto the Bethlehem Copper intrusive sequence.\nOn the Bethlehem Copper and Trojan properties there are areas of breccia composed of fragments of quartz diorite and porphyry. These may represent explosive volcanic vents that were associated with deep-seated instrusions represented by the several\nporphyries.\nIt is worth noting at this time that the breccia occurrences were recorded in the\nAnnual Report for 1907, and that in the Annual Report for 1923 the Iona copper LODE METALS\n43\noccurrence, on what is now Bethlehem Copper, was commended because of its resemblance to the porphyry copper occurrence at Bingham Canyon, Utah.\nPrimary copper mineralization consisting largely of chalcopyrite and bornite, with\nwhich some molybdenite may be associated, is in zones of fracturing or sheeting within\nthe quartz diorites and breccia, or may be disseminated through a mass of hydrothermally\naltered rock.\nStructural controls of mineralization seem to differ from one property to another,\nand no common denominator is yet apparent.\n[References: Duffell, S., and McTaggart, K. C: Ashcroft Map Area, Geol. Surv.\nCanada, Mem. 262, 1952. Cockfield, W. E.: Nicola Map Area, Geol. Surv. Canada,\nMem. 249, 1948. White, W. H.: Bethlehem Copper, Canadian Mining Jour., Vol. 77,\nNo. 4, pp. 76-77, 1956.]\n(50\u00b0  121\u00b0 N.E.)    Company office,  1008, 850 West Hastings\nKrain Copper Ltd.   Street, Vancouver.    President, D. F. Farris.   This company holds\n(1) twenty-one claims and fractions on the east side of the north peak\nof Forge Mountain adjoining the Transvaal group on the northeast.\nThe main showing is 1 mile northeast of the Transvaal camp.   The claims cover copper\nshowings described in earlier Annual Reports under Keystone.\nThe old work was done in an area of quartz diorite containing malachite and underlying basaltic lavas which cap the north peak of Forge Mountain. Surface diamond\ndrilling and bulldozer trenching have explored the zone of mineralized quartz diorite.\nDuring 1956 exploratory work consisted of: Geochemical soil sampling on one\nclaim, 34,000 lineal feet of line cutting for surveying and geological mapping, magnetometer surveying of six claims, and 6,478 feet of diamond drilling and 3,500 feet of\nbulldozer trenching in the mineralized zone.\nThe work was done by Farwest Tungsten Copper Mines Limited under the direction\nof W. M. Sirola, chief geologist, and G. E. Apps, engineer.\nCamp buildings to accommodate sixteen men were constructed.\n(50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.W.) Company office, 108, 413 Granville Street,\nVancouver. R. T. Blackmore, president. The company holds\nfifty-eight claims to the east of the Krain and about \\Vi miles\nnorth of the Trojan camp. The claims were prospected, and\nunder the direction of R. B. Stokes a geochemical soil survey was\nmade of the property. This involved the cutting of 76 miles of picket line and the\nanalyses of 4,000 soil samples.\nAn area of high copper content was found which subsequently was explored by\n2,400 feet of bulldozer stripping in an area 2,500 feet long and 300 feet wide. Seven\nmen were employed.\nCompany office, 303 Williams Building, 413 Granville Street, Vancouver. A. J. McClellan, president; M. Hunt, resident engineer.\nOn November 27th, 1956, Trojan Exploration Limited, Jackson\nMines Limited, and Tri-Side Mining Corporation Limited went\ninto voluntary liquidation and were merged as one company, Trojan Consolidated Mines\nLtd.   This company holds 110 claims east and southeast of Forge Mountain.\nTrojan.\u2014(50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.W.) The Trojan mine area lies between the Transvaal and\nLodge groups and is about 3 miles northwest of Jersey Lake on the Bethlehem Copper\nCorporation ground. Old workings are on copper showings described in earlier Annual\nReports under Albatross and Canopus.\nThe claims are underlain by quartz diorite of the Guichon Creek batholith. Breccia\ncomposed of fragments of quartz diorite and porphyry occupies an area 1,500 feet long\nand 800 feet wide. In some zones it it chloritized and tourmalinized, and mineralized\nwith chalcopyrite and bornite and a variety of secondary copper minerals.\nSalmo Prince\nMines Limited\n(2)\nTrojan Consolidated\nMines Ltd. (3) 44 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nThe breccia zone was under active exploration by stripping and diamond drilling.\nIn 1956, 500 lineal feet of bulldozed trenches were dug and forty diamond-drill holes\ntotalling 27,718 feet were drilled.\nIn November preparations were made for sinking a 250-foot 2-compartment shaft.\nAt the end of the year the shaft was 40 feet deep and sinking was being continued.\nA camp to accommodate thirty-five men was built on a site about 1,000 feet from the\nshaft. Included in the camp buildings are three bunk-houses, washroom, cook-house,\nfirst-aid room, office, lighting-generator room, and warehouses. Twenty men were\nemployed.\nTransvaal.\u2014(50\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.E.) The Transvaal is one of the oldest groups in the\narea, having been located in 1899. It lies east of the south peak of Forge Mountain\nand about Wi miles northwest of the Trojan.\nOver the years a considerable amount of underground work has been done on the\nTransvaal veins, which are northerly striking fractures along which there has been intense\ntourmalinization of the quartz diorite and introduction of copper mineralization.\nIn 1956 the Nos. 1 and 2 levels of the old Transvaal shaft were cleaned out and\na new headframe was erected. Underground work was discontinued after some sampling\nand diamond drilling had been done.\nDuring the summer a small crew was employed prospecting and in making a detailed\ngeological map of the holdings.\nTri-Side.\u2014(50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.W. and 121\u00b0 N.E.) A small crew was employed prospecting and making a geochemical soil survey. Copper anomalies were subsequently\ntrenched by bulldozer.\n(50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.W.)    This company is jointly controlled by Farwest\nNorthlodge Copper Tungsten Copper Mines Limited (company office, 206, 1178 West\nMines Limited     Pender Street, Vancouver;  D. T. Farris, president) and Beaver\n(4) Lodge Uranium Mines Limited.   The company holds seventy-two\nclaims, of which the main Northlodge group lies directly north\nof the Bethlehem Copper Corporation claims.\nThe Northlodge camp is IVi miles north of Quiltanton (Divide) Lake and 1 mile\nsouth of the Trojan camp.   The camp will accommodate thirty men.\nThe claims are very largely covered by overburden, and outcrops are extremely\nscarce. Prospecting consisted of a magnetometer survey on thirty-seven claims and\ngeochemical soil sampling on eleven claims. In addition, 148,000 lineal feet of line was\ncut for surveying and geological mapping, and 424 feet of diamond drilling and 3,100\nfeet of bulldozer trenching were done.\nThe magnetometer survey showed an area of low magnetic flux about 4,000 feet\nlong and 2,300 feet wide in the northwest part of the group. This anomaly underlies\nan area of drift cover too deep to be trenched by bulldozer, and exploration by drilling\nis planned. The work was done under the direction of W. M. Sirola, chief geologist, and\nG. E. Apps, engineer.\nThe Beaver (50\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.E.), Outrider (50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W.), and\nBeaver (5),        D.W. groups are jointly owned by Farwest Tungsten Copper Mines\nOutrider (7),       Limited and Beaver Lodge Uranium Mines Limited.   These claims\nand D.W. had no previously known showings on them and are very largely\ncovered by overburden. A magnetometer survey of eighteen claims\nwas made, and 230,000 feet of line was cut for geological mapping and geochemical soil\nsampling.\nFour hundred feet of diamond drilling was done on the D.W. group.\nThe exploration work was done by Farwest Tungsten Copper Mines Limited under\nthe direction of W. M. Sirola, chief geologist, and G. E. Apps, engineer. LODE METALS 45\n(50\u00b0  120\u00b0  S.W.)    Company office, 402,  1111  West Georgia\nBethlehem Copper Street, Vancouver.   H. H. Huestis, president.   The company holds\nCorporation Ltd.    112 claims to the northeast of Quiltanton (Divide) Lake.   Explo-\n(6) ration of the claims is being financed and directed by American\nSmelting and Refining Co. Ltd. by agreement and contract with\nthe company. Engineer in charge of the Bethlehem Copper project is C. J. Coveney.\nExploration work done during 1956 included 33,975 lineal feet of bulldozer trenching and 22,928 feet of diamond drilling (predominantly NX core). The drilling was done\nby Boyles Bros. Drilling Company Ltd., using four diesel-powered drills. During the\nlatter part of the year 1,000-foot vertical holes were being drilled, and the use of drilling\nmud had increased the core recovery to over 90 per cent.\nThe drilling was very largely concentrated on the Jersey zone near Jersey Lake.\nThe greater depth of the vertical holes has materially increased the ore tonnage from the\namount previously indicated by inclined holes which reached a vertical depth of about\n400 feet. The company in December released the information that the estimated tonnage\nto date was:  Iona zone, 25,000,000 tons; Jersey zone, 56,000,000 tons.\n(50\u00b0 121 \u00b0 S.E.)    Company office, 206, 1178 West Pender Street,\nBethsaida Copper   Vancouver.    D. F. Farris, president;  W. M. Sirola, chief geolo-\nMines Limited (9) gist; G. E. Apps, engineer.   The company holds sixty-four claims\non the west side of Quiltanton (Divide) Lake.   The located claims\nsurround the old Tamarac and Osprey groups, where surface and underground work\nhad been done before 1915.\nDuring the summer fifty-one claims were prospected by means of magnetometer\nand geochemical soil surveys. This necessitated the cutting of 141,300 feet of line to\nenable soil samples to be taken at 200-foot intervals along lines 200 feet apart. The\nsoil survey revealed a high copper anomaly in an area completely devoid of outcrop.\nA trench bulldozed to a depth of 5 feet and more for a length of 1,200 feet disclosed\ncopper mineralization in the bedrock but of too low grade to warrant further exploration.\nA total of 14,675 lineal feet of bulldozer trenching was done. Part of it was to\nexplore a westerly striking zone of sheeting 15 to 20 feet wide in which narrow quartz\nstringers are mineralized with chalcopyrite and molybdenite. About 1,500 feet of\nsurface diamond drilling was done on this zone before work was abandoned because of\nthe generally low copper content.\nTrenching on the eastern side of the claims revealed a small inclusion or pendant\nof quartzite within the Bethsaida quartz diorite. This is the sole inclusion of old rocks\nknown in the area, and despite the fact that it is only 5 feet wide its intense mineralization\nwith disseminated chalcopyrite should serve to direct attention to this type of occurrence.\nAdditional work included 1,000 feet of percussion drilling, 1,120 feet of trenching\nfor bulk sampling of mineralized areas, channel sampling of veins exposed in trenches,\nand geological mapping of trenches and outcrops.\n(50\u00b0  121\u00b0 S.E.)    Company office,  1116, 85 Richmond Street\nGraham Bousquet   West, Toronto.   T. J. Day, president.   The company holds a very\nGold Mines large number of claims in the Highland Valley area.    During the\nLimited (10)       summer, work under the direction of H. Darling was concentrated\non holdings south and east of the Bethsaida ground.   The claims\nwere prospected and surveyed, and a geochemical soil survey was made.\n(50\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E.)    Company office, 602, 199 Bay Street, Toronto.\nLaco Mines Limited   J. C. L. Allen, president.    The company holds sixteen claims\n(13) south of Calling Lake.   The old road between the O.K. mine and\nCalling Lake was made passable for cars, and a tent camp was\nestablished at the west end of the lake.    From it three men prospected the claims.\nIn late August a few hundred feet of bulldozer trench was dug on copper showings\nnear the west boundary of the Empire claim. 46 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\n(50\u00b0 121 \u00b0 S.E.)    Company office, 411, 850 West Hastings Street,\nVictor (Skeena      Vancouver 1.    S. S. Parker, president; C. Rutherford, consulting\nSilver Mines Ltd.)   engineer;   George Burdett, mine foreman.    The company holds\n(14) by record twenty-one claims and fractions, 2 miles southeast of\nQuiltanton (Divide)  Lake on the old forestry trail to Gnawed\nMountain, which lies to the southeast of Highland Valley.   The property is a relocation\nof ground formerly covered by the Victor group.\nUnderground work at the Victor adit consisted of 420 feet of drifting and cross-\ncutting and 800 feet of diamond drilling. Surface exploration included 1,306 feet of\ndiamond drilling and 3,075 feet of bulldozer trenching. A geochemical soil survey was\nmade of the property. The camp consists of bunk-house accommodation for twelve\nmen, a cook-house, and a dry-house.    Eleven men were employed.\n(50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W.)    Company office, Suite 204, 717 West Pender\nJericho Mines      Street, Vancouver 1.    R. Franklin Stibbard, president.   The com-\nLtd. (16) pany holds forty claims and fractions straddling Witches Brook,\nabout 8 miles east of Quiltanton (Divide) Lake, and about 5 miles\nwest of the Mamit Lake-Savona road. Exploratory work included 1,100 feet of surface\ndiamond drilling. Topographical, geological, and geophysical surveys were made.\nThe geophysical work was completed late in November, and a bunk-house and cookhouse, sufficient to accommodate twenty men, were erected.\nMEADOW CREEK*\nCopper\n(50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S. W.)    Company office, Suite 401, 640 West Hastings\nDunmore Mines    Street, Vancouver.   Thomas Moore, president.   This property of\nLtd. seventeen claims is in the Meadow Creek area 35 miles from Kam\nloops, 45 miles from Merritt, and ?>Vi miles south of the Mamit\nLake-Kamloops road. It includes ground formerly covered in part by the Bertha and\nMolly claims. Bulldozer exploration work consisted of three open-cuts totalling 5,428\ncubic yards and stripping of overburden in areas totalling approximately 3 acres. Two\nmiles of tractor-road and 2 miles of truck-road were constructed. Surface diamond\ndrilling amounting to 2,000 feet was done in seventeen holes. At the camp-site is one\n30- by 20-foot cabin. Two or three men were employed from April to November.\nGUICHON CREEK*\nCopper\n(50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W.)    Company office, 402 West Pender Street, Van-\nNorthwestern      couver.   J. S. Scott, manager, Vancouver; P. E. Hirst, superin-\nExplorations,       tendent, Merritt.   This company is a subsidiary of Kennecott\nLimited Copper Corporation.   In 1956 the company held by purchase and\noption 150 located and nine Crown-granted claims. The property\nstraddles Guichon Creek 4 miles south of Mamit Lake, and includes the old Vimy and\nAberdeen mines. Exploratory work started in May included surface diamond drilling,\nstripping of overburden, and soil sampling. Some magnetometer surveying was done.\nThree miles of road was built and a bridge was constructed across Guichon Creek. Two\ndiamond drills were continuously employed from May to December, and a total of\n10,428 feet of drilling was done in twenty-four holes. Low-grade disseminated copper\nis present in altered granitic rocks of the Guichon Creek batholith. Twenty men were\nemployed, including the diamond-drill crew.\n* By E. R. Hughes. LODE METALS 47\nNICOLA*\nCopper\n(50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W.)    Head office, Room 608, 1255 Phillips Square,\nCopperado (Western Montreal; mine office, Merritt.  D. W. Heller, president, Montreal;\nCopperada Mining R. E. Parkes, general superintendent, Merritt.    This mine is 5\nCorporation)        miles by road northeast of Nicola.    It was closed on November\n23rd, 1951, and remained closed until reopened by Guichon Mine\nLimited in May, 1956, when the shaft was unwatered to the 250 level, and a raise was\ndriven 50 feet in ore from the 100-foot level.   Approximately 95 tons of ore was produced, and of this, 45 tons was shipped to the Tacoma smelter for test purposes.\nThe property was taken over on December 1st by Western Copperada Mining\nCorporation on a 99-year lease.   The 450-foot shaft was unwatered and the underground\nworkings were surveyed.   At the end of the year eighteen men were employed.\n[Reference:  Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1949, pp. 115-120.]\nKAMLOOPSf\nCopper\nDeposits Associated with the Eastern Part of the Iron Mask\nBatholith near Kamloops\nIntroduction\nThe Iron Mask batholith is 3 miles southwest of Kamloops and extends for a distance of 18 miles in a northwesterly direction. It is partly overlain by Tertiary rocks.\nAssociated with the batholith are numerous copper deposits, some of which carry appreciable values in gold and silver. Deposits of magnetite also occur. Despite a long history\nof exploration, only one important copper producer has been found, the Iron Mask mine.\nTen weeks were spent between June and September, 1956, examining the known\nmineral occurrences from the Iron Mask mine eastward. The area covered is about\n40 square miles. Most of the workings, prospects, and showings are indicated on Figure\n3, those of greater interest being identified by numbers as follows: 1, Python and\nCopper Head; 2, Orphan Boy; 3, Noonday; 4, Lost Chord; 5, O.K.; 6, Evening Star;\n7, Lucky Strike; 8, Windsor; 9, Iron Mask and Erin; 10, Night Hawk (Larsen); 11,\nAjax; 12, Wheal Tamar; 13, Monte Carlo; 14, Joker; 15, Amakua (Grey Mask);\n16, Iron Cap;  17, Kimberley;  18, Kingpin;  19, Utopia; 20, Dewey.\nNo part of the area is more than 10 miles by motor-road from Kamloops. Precipitation is low and much of the mapped area is open grazing country, but Coal Hill, Sugar-\nloaf Hill, and the southwestern margin of the batholith are well timbered. Vertical relief\nis moderate, with elevations lying between 2,000 and 3,600 feet. The only streams with\nall-year flow are Anderson Creek, Peterson Creek, and a tributary of the latter, Humphrey Creek. Consequently the only bodies of fresh water are Jacko and Edith Lakes,\nwhich are on Peterson and Humphrey Creeks. Many saline ponds occur, and in spring\nand early summer these may provide water for diamond drilling at most localities within\nthe area. For mill operation the Iron Mask mine pumped water a vertical distance of\n1,600 feet from Kamloops Lake.\nThe grain of the country trends northwest and has been emphasized by glacial scour.\nOutcrops are abundant on Coal Hill, Sugarloaf Hill, and the higher ground east of Jacko\nLake.   Outcrops are rare at the outer contacts of the batholith.\nHistory\nIn 1896, the first year in which activity is recorded, over 200 claims were located.\nBy 1900 underground work had been done at the Python, Noonday, Lucky Strike, Iron\n* By E. R. Hughes,\nt By J. M. Carr. 48 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nMask, Wheal Tamar, Iron Cap, and Kimberley properties. Most of these properties\nhave produced a few tons of selected ore. Exclusive of that from the Iron Mask and\nassociated orebodies, the total production recorded from the area up to 1940 is 419 tons\nof copper-bearing material, mostly with low gold and silver content. West of the area\nthe Copper King mine at Cherry Bluff produced 7,460 tons of material containing about\n3 per cent copper and 0.14 ounce of gold per ton. The Glen mine, in the same area,\nfrom 1891 to 1904 shipped 16,000 tons of magnetite as flux to the Nelson and Tacoma\nsmelters.\nThe Iron Mask and Erin are the largest known orebodies. The approximate average\ngrade of 182,494 tons milled and shipped from both bodies was 1.47 per cent copper,\n0.02 ounce per ton of gold, and 0.08 ounce per ton of silver. Production lasted with\nsome breaks from 1904 until 1928, and was from the Iron Mask and partly from the\nErin and smaller orebodies in the vicinity.\nIn 1916 the Granby Mining and Smelting Company optioned the Python, Evening\nStar, and Wheal Tamar groups and carried out diamond drilling, but the results of this\nwork are not recorded.\nRecent exploration has included geophysical surveys followed by diamond drilling.\nIn 1951 and 1952 Berens River Mines Limited held 113 mineral claims and drilled\ntwenty-two holes totalling 5,497 feet. Also in 1951 and 1952 Kennco Explorations\n(Canada) Limited made an electromagnetic survey of fifty-eight claims in the Pothook\narea, 3 miles west of the Iron Mask mine, and put down fourteen diamond-drill holes\nof a total length of 4,555 feet. This work indicated a large tonnage of submarginal\nmaterial. In 1956 a geophysical survey was carried out on behalf of Graham Bousquet\nGold Mines Limited over 118 claims which include the area surveyed by Kennco and\nwhich extend west of Sugarloaf Hill.\nMineral claims covered most of the area in 1956. The Consolidated Mining and\nSmelting Company of Canada, Limited has been active in the area since 1954. Including work done in 1929, this company has diamond drilled a total length of over 16,000\nfeet on the Ajax-Monte Carlo group. Other companies have extended old workings on\nthe Night Hawk, Python, Copper Head, and Evening Star claims. Closely spaced diamond drilling has been done in 1955 and 1956 at two adjacent prospects in the extreme\nsoutheast part of the exposed batholithic area.\nRock Types\nFour principal types of rock have been recognized within the batholith (Geol. Surv.,\nCanada, Mem. 249, pp. 17-18, and unpublished thesis by W. H. Mathews); namely,\nan intermediate type (diorite, gabbro), a more acid type (syenite and monzonite), a\nbasic type (pyroxenite), and a hydrothermally altered type. Only pyroxenite was mapped\nseparately. Peridotite noted southeast of Jacko Lake was thought to be part of the\nbatholith.\nIn this report, only two divisions are made of the batholithic rocks. They are made\non the basis of field appearance and fabric rather than of composition. The rocks of\none division are sufficiently different from those of the other that they may be considered\nto have distinct modes of origin. Altered rocks fall within either division and are\ndescribed separately. The coarser-grained batholithic rocks are typically plutonic and\npossess a mean grain size greater than 1 Vz mm. Among them diorite and gabbro show\nrapid variation to much coarser grain sizes. The finer-grained batholithic rocks possess\na mean grain size less than lVi mm. and are more uniform in appearance. Some were\npreviously mapped as Kamloops volcanics.\nCache Creek Rocks.\u2014Grey glassy andesite and black, laminated, tuffaceous argil-\nlites that outcrop on the Merritt highway are assumed to belong to the Cache Creek\ngroup, of pre-Triassic age. 120*25'\n50*40'\n120\u00b0 20'\nFigure 3\nEASTERN   PART\nOF THE\nIRON   MASK   BATHOLITH\nLEGEND\nKAMLOOPS  GROUP\nAndesite, basalt\n'.'\u2022','.'[ Tranquille beds\nRON  MASK BATHOLITH\n'\\ ~- ~l Microdiorite, micromonzonite\ni- -r\\ Gabbro, diorite, pyroxenite, monzonite, syenite\nPOST-NICOLA   INTRUSIONS\nPicrite-basalt and serpentine\nNICOLA   GROUP\n+   + lAndesite and basalt lava, tuff and agglomerate\nCACHE CREEK GROUP\nr.v.'.'.'-.l Andesite and tuffaceous argillite\n2000\n______\n:...'\u2022\u25a0    Outcrop boundary\n Geological contact\n^^ Dip of volcanic rocks\n(VAAA\/WW  pQU |\nH      Shaft\n>-     Adit\n1 '  Open-cut\n\u2022       Diamond-drill hole\nO      Abandoned coal mine\nX      Mineralized showing or prospect\n(2)    Localities described in text\n4000\n__________!\n6000_\n__!__!   Feet\nf        \"I\"        T        T        + \u00bb .\u2022*, ....\n+        +        +        +        +        -P\",  .*\u00bb.*\u2022'\u2022*\u2022 \u2022\n,   +   +   +   W*S&%M\n+ \/ +  +  +  +  +t \u2022 *\u00bb\u2022 \u2022 \u2022 \u2022\n\/f  +  +  +  + \\-.V-.v.*.\n+    +    +    +    +    V. .tK. .. ..\n+  +  +  Wss&Mss,\n+   +   +   Vi\", *,*. \".*.\u2022.*.\n+   +   +   + v \u2022.-\u2022\u2022\u2022 -\nfife   +    +    +   SiV.V.V.-.\na.     4-     -_?\u2022*?,_\u00ab-     _i_\\ x^\u00b1\\ \u2666. \u2666 * *** \u2666 \u2022\n\\+^+\\V.v?V..,\n?.*++^>.-.v.v..\n+\\+ *. + ve-^__a 1 \u2022\u2022 *. *. *. $.\n\\ + +\n+ \\* +   .     _.\t\n+ \"\"\u25a0\u2022:\u00bb  +   +   \"''SSL.* \u2022 \u2022 \u2022 \u2022\n_\u2022*\u00a5.+    +    +    SO$\u00a3S&l&\n\u25a0if?  +  +  *vrw' ~ '\u2022'.'.\nafta?   +   +   %&:::'.'.:\n\\f\\- +   +   + Iff'-'-\u2022.\u2022.\u2022\u2022\n+\\ ^. +   +   +.,%........\n*'>>.+ + fiff %*''\u2022.\"\u2022\nS^. +^^3&_x\n.+nv + + +u\n+X+M-  +  +\n+    +    **>\u25a0*    +\n+    +    +\u25a0    +  \\<*    +\n+    +    +    +    +.+\nq\\ + + + +\u2022;.+ +\n+   +  +  +  +  +  +$5?+\n+   +   +   +   +  +  +J-\u00ab\n+   +   +   +  +  +  +   +\n+    +    +    J-^TTts.+    +    +    +\n+   +   + ,-r:\u2022,\u2022'\u2022'\u2022\u2022\u2022:\u2022'.\u2022 '\u2022\u2022^;\">n.+   +\n\u00b1^ <\u25a0\u25a0'\u25a0::\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0 \u25a0\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0 '\u25a0:\u25a0'.'\u25a0'\u25a0'\u25a0 .>\u25a0<  +\n\u00bb>:\u2022..;;.; .:v';:..::-v:.;:V>^'\\\nshUmway, h ill.&;.-r.:\u2022...\u2022>>\n120*25'\n50\u00b035'\n120*20' LODE METALS 49\nNicola Rocks.\u2014Rocks of the Triassic Nicola group are all volcanic. Limestone is\nrecorded 1 mile southwest of Sugarloaf Hill (Kamloops map-sheet, 1896), but no sedimentary material of Nicola age is known in the present area.\nThe Nicola rocks differ in character from place to place around the batholith. The\nnorthern outcrops are of strongly altered andesite, red, green, or grey in colour. Some\nare porphyritic. Epidote disseminations and veinlets are usual, and in places the rocks\nare sparsely mineralized.\nNear Knutsford the principal representative is a grey feldspathic andesite showing\nvesicularity and a mild alteration involving epidote. Pyroclastic types, predominantly\nof basaltic composition, are usual in the southern part of the area. Bedded and massive\ntuffs occur between Jacko and Edith Lakes. Mottled dull-green agglomeratic tuff is\nwidespread parallel to the contact with Cache Creek rocks, where it is much sheared\nand broken. The same rock also outcrops west of the Monte Carlo workings. It is\nexposed underground in the Star workings, in association with grey volcanic rocks.\nIn places a distinction between Nicola and Kamloops volcanic rocks has to be based\nupon the degree of hydrothermal alteration shown and is hard to achieve in the field.\nPicrite-Basalt.\u2014Although occurring as intrusions within the batholith, this rock is\nnot batholithic. The unaltered rock is known only at two places; namely, in an adit at\n2,519 feet elevation on the Copper Head mineral claim, and southeast of Jacko Lake.\nAlthough it has been called peridotite, the unaltered rock possesses a glassy matrix and\nis similar to picrite-basalt north of Kamloops Lake. It is a greenish-black dense rock\nof conspicuously porphyritic appearance. Closely spaced crystals of serpentinized olivine\nrange in size to as much as one-fifth of an inch. Both when fresh and when altered, the\nrock is for the most part appreciably magnetic.\nCoarser-grained Batholithic Rocks.\u2014Pyroxenite is known only in the Jacko and\nEdith Lakes area. It is a heavy grey-green rock of crystalline appearance and is strongly\nmagnetic. It consists almost wholly of pyroxene, hornblende, and magnetite. Dioritic\nor gabbroic rocks rich in pyroxene occur in the same region, and will be termed pyrox-\nenic diorite.\nGabbro and diorite are not separately recognizable except under the microscope,\nand diorite will be used as a general term. The rock has a variable appearance because\nof common changes in grain size and in the proportion of light- to dark-coloured components. In slightly weathered outcrop it is dark brown to light grey. On the broken\nsurface the rock is uniformly dark grey-green or is white and dark speckled, according\nto whether the feldspar is somewhat altered or is fresh. Biotite is a usual component\nand shows as glistening flakes that may be light coloured by alteration. The rock is\ncommonly magnetic. An inconstant banding is developed in places, and inclusions of\ndark fine-grained rock are quite usual.\nMonzonite principally underlies an area along the northeast margin of the batholith, eastward from the Lost Chord working. It occurs locally in several other places,\nnotably at the Iron Cap mine. The rock is more uniform than diorite, from which it is\ndistinguished by the pink colour of much of the feldspar, which includes orthoclase. In\npart at least, monzonite is an alteration product of diorite. It may be relatively nonmagnetic, as at the Iron Cap mine.\nFiner-grained Batholithic Rocks.\u2014These rocks may be termed microdiorite and\nmicromonzonite, to distinguish each from its coarser-grained counterpart of similar composition. Microgranodiorite also occurs. These varieties probably do not form separate\nbodies, but instead grade into each other. Processes of alteration and recrystallization\nappear to be responsible for some of the existing differences.\nAll the rocks are grey, white, or pinkish in colour. The mean grain size is 1 mm.,\nbut a porphyritic tendency is usual. There is commonly a perceptible foliation, marked\nby bladed crystals of pyroxene and hornblende and by flaky ones of biotite where this 50 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nmineral is sufficiently abundant. Sparse chloritic inclusions of some other rock type do\nnot exceed 1 inch in length. At one locality, 3,000 feet southeast of Coal Hill, somewhat\nlarger inclusions of altered diorite were observed.\nMicrogranodiorite is a whiter rock than microdiorite and in places contains visible\nquartz. It mainly occurs south and east of the Lucky Strike workings, but is also present\nin the vicinity of the Ajax workings.\nMicrodiorite is light grey and speckled on the weathered surface, and a uniform\ndarker grey on the fresh surface. Like the associated rocks, it is commonly cut by epidote\nveinlets. In general it is a rather even-grained rock, but it may grade into a conspicuously\nporphyritic type.\nMicromonzonite is distinguished from microdiorite by its prevalent pinkish coloration, which is due to orthoclase or microcline. The rock may contain a small amount of\nquartz. Micromonzonite and monzonite may locally converge in character so that the\none is difficult to tell from the other, probably because both are altered varieties of dioritic\nrocks.\nPorphyritic microdiorite is a distinctive rock, yet is not easy to separate from microdiorite in the field because of complex intergradation. It contains abundant elongate\nhornblende crystals, set more or less parallel to one another in a dark-grey crystalline\nmatrix. The rock is thus commonly foliated. Porphyritic microdiorite occupies most of\nSugarloaf Hill, occurs in the Ajax-Monte Carlo vicinity, and outcrops in the southeastern-\nmost part of the batholith. In all of these places it is slightly mineralized. Rather similar\nrock is seen a short distance south of the Python shaft in unknown relationship to the\nsurrounding diorite. Certain dykes cutting diorite, Nicola volcanics, and picrite-basalt\nresemble porphyritic microdiorite.\nKamloops Volcanic and Sedimentary Rocks.\u2014The Tranquille beds are very poorly\nexposed. At the filled-in shaft of an abandoned coal mine on Guerin Creek, debris of\naltered lava with copper stain confirms that here the beds rest directly on Nicola rocks,\nas mapped in 1895 (Kamloops map-sheet). The beds are reported to be 50 feet thick at\nthis locality, with several coal seams totalling 30 inches. They are much broken up (Ann.\nRept., 1924).\nThe volcanic rocks have been dated as Miocene or earlier (Mem. 249, p. 39).\nAgglomerate occurs in the extreme north of the area. Elsewhere comparatively fresh\nandesite and basalt lavas give indications of low dips. Direct evidence of basalt lava\nresting on the batholithic rocks exists north of Edith Lake.\nAgate of poor quality weathers out of the volcanic rock, west of the Merritt highway\nand three-quarters of a mile from its junction with the Trans-Canada Highway.\nDykes.\u2014Excepting those cutting Tertiary volcanics near the Trans-Canada Highway, no post-mineral dykes are identified. Dykes are scarce or absent in the heart of\nthe batholith. Andesite dykes, some of which resemble porphyritic microdiorite, occur\nwithin diorite in the Iron Mask and Python vicinities. They were intruded prior to alteration of the diorite.\nRock Alteration\nThe batholithic rocks are strongly altered near zones of structural weakness. White\nrocks and pink rocks are produced, each representing a distinct kind of alteration. Distribution of the two kinds is overlapping, and since there is no evidence as to which was\nfirst, they may be related in origin. The alteration occurred subsequently to dyke intrusion and prior to mineralization.   It was presumably effected at fairly high temperatures.\nWhite alteration, which has been named albitization (Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem.\n249, pp. 104-105), causes progressive elimination of dark minerals and results in\nspeckled rocks which are whiter the more intense the alteration they represent. Any\nprevious coarseness of grain is preserved as seen under the microscope, but in the field\na rather fine-grained appearance is universal.   Calcite and epidote are commonly dis- LODE METALS 51\nseminated and in veinlets, and may be accompanied by minor amounts of pyrite. Magnetite content is low, the iron having been absorbed into new chlorite, epidote, and pyrite.\nWhite rocks produced by alteration of diorite and gabbro are partly albitites, and\npartly rocks that are otherwise identical but contain feldspar more calcic than albite. The\ndifference seems, from the present study, to bear no relation to proximity of mineralization and cannot be recognized in the field. The bodies of altered rock are unsymmetrical\nbut dyke-like, with relatively sharp outlines against less-altered diorite. The trend is\nirregular and the size ranges from a few feet to many tens of feet in least dimension.\nMost of the altered diorite shows no copper mineralization. The principal areas in which\nthese altered diorite bodies occur are between the Iron Mask mine area and the summit\nof Coal Hill, and north of the Monte Carlo workings. Near the boundary of the strongly\naltered areas, diorite is altered to white rock in a net pattern along intersecting sealed\nfractures.\nThe white alteration of the finer-grained batholithic rocks is less noticeable because\nof the light colour and fine grain of the unaltered rock. In the Ajax-Monte Carlo area at\nleast, the white altered rocks are albitites. The alteration commonly affects numerous\nnarrow sections of the rock rather than the whole mass. However, in the vicinity of the\nAjax tunnel, where mineralization is strong, large masses of microdiorite are fairly uniformly albitized. Veinlets of analcite and albite traverse the altered sections, but in some\ninstances similar veinlets are of a more calcic feldspar. The strongly albitized rock is\ngenerally non-magnetic; it rarely contains lenses of solid magnetite up to 6 inches wide.\nPink alteration is most obvious between the Iron Mask mine and the Noonday shaft,\nwhere replacement veins of pink orthoclase feldspar are very abundant. The pink veins\noccur sparsely in diorite and monzonite elsewhere along the margin. They have not been\nobserved in the interior of the area, nor are they well developed in the finer-grained rocks.\nThe veins vary from massive and persistent to narrow and diffuse. In the immediate\nvicinity of the Python mineralized zone the pink veins form a replacement breccia (that\nis, a breccia bonded by replacement veins). Adjacent to the veins, diorite is changed to\nmonzonite. Individual veins frequently contain one or more of the following minerals:\nCalcite, epidote, albite, biotite, magnetite, and chalcopyrite. Calcite and epidote are the\nmost common, and at least a trace of chalcopyrite usually accompanies them. Biotite\nmay be somewhat earlier than the other minerals, whose crystallization partly occurred\nafter the veins were fractured. All the above minerals may occur within the adjacent\naltered diorite rather than in a vein.\nMonzonite at the Iron Cap mine and east of the Lost Chord claim almost certainly\nrepresents altered diorite; it contains slender pink veins and the mineral assemblage just\nnoted. Magnetite is abundant as lenses and veins, but the rock itself is impoverished in\nmagnetite.\nAlthough well-defined pink veins do not occur in the finer-grained rocks, orthoclase\nand microcline have undoubtedly been introduced within some of the rocks classed as\nmicromonzonites.\nOverlapping of the pink and white alterations is evident at several localities. On the\nAjax claim, both unaltered and albitized microdiorites contain vague stringers and patches\nof pink feldspar. In the Python and Iron Mask areas, similarly vague pink veins occur\nin whitened diorite. Near the Lucky Strike shaft, albitized diorite contains much introduced quartz and orthoclase.\nPicrite-basalt in structurally weak zones is mostly altered to a hard uniformly dark-\ngreen rock in which the altered porphyritic crystals appear as vague rounded black\nshapes. Where the rock is fractured, the fracture planes are smooth and pass with equal\nfacility through altered crystals and matrix. Microscopic examination shows that the\noriginal, partly serpentinized olivine crystals are reduced to talc, serpentine, and magnetite, and that the glassy matrix and small pyroxene crystals are replaced by a fine dense 52 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\naggregate of tremolite, chlorite, and magnetite. The altered rock corresponds very closely\nto the third Carabine Creek specimen described in Memoir 249 (p. 24).\nPicrite-basalt is altered in this manner at its contact with diorite on the Copper Head\nclaim, but has suffered only talcose alteration of the porphyritic crystals at its contact with\naltered Nicola volcanics. The more fully altered rock may break down to a slippery green\nsand, from which reddish hematized pellets can be picked by hand. This later alteration\nwas probably effected during faulting, for the disintegrated rock appears along the strike\nof the Copper Head shear zone.\nAt the Larsen workings and near the Iron Mask shaft, picrite-basalt is converted to\na black rock glistening with abundant finely disseminated biotite and traversed by talcose\nslips. The outlines of the altered olivine crystals cannot be distinguished, and the rock\nconsists largely of pyroxene, hornblende, and biotite. Under the microscope, narrow\nveinlets of these minerals with brown garnet are seen. This alteration is a high-\ntemperature kind and probably involved addition of material.\nBasaltic tuff at the Star shaft and olivine-basalt at the Monte Carlo workings are\naltered to talc-chlorite rocks.\nStructure\nEvidence concerning the structure of this part of the batholith is insufficient to allow\nfirm conclusions to be drawn. The following is, therefore, a discussion of the structural\nsetting in which mineralization has occurred.\nTwo or three intrusive episodes preceded consolidation of the batholith; two if the\ncoarser- and finer-grained rocks be considered contemporaneous, three if they be considered distinct. The picrite-basalt bodies are structurally a part of the batholith, and\nimply a phase of intrusion after emplacement of the coarser-grained rocks, because lenses\nof diorite are enclosed by picrite-basalt in the Larsen crosscut. There is no direct evidence\nof the age of picrite-basalt relative to the finer-grained batholithic rocks, but the following\nrelationships appear significant.\nSections of micromonzonite occur well inside picrite-basalt in drill-hole No. 23 south\nof the Mars tunnel, and resemble dykes rather than inclusions. Porphyritic microdiorite\noccurs as dykes cutting picrite-basalt and diorite. Picrite-basalt at the Larsen workings\nhas apparently been altered at high temperatures and with addition of magnetic components, presumably from near-by later micromonzonite. These indirect lines of evidence\nsuggest that the finer-grained rocks are later than picrite-basalt.\nThe finer-grained rocks should therefore be later than the coarser-grained rocks, but\nno firm evidence has been found. Alteration has obscured the original relationships, and\non surface no precise contact between large masses of the two rocks has been seen. In\nthe Ajax drill cores the contact is interfingering, with diorite retaining its coarseness of\ngrain at all of the many individual contacts with the finer rock. The relationship is certainly not gradational, and the finer-grained rocks seem to have intimately penetrated the\npreviously consolidated diorite.\nThe sequence of intrusion may be: (a) Coarser-grained rocks, (_.) picrite-basalt,\nand (c) finer-grained rocks.\nA probable pre-Cretaceous age has been assigned to the batholith, and rocks at\nCarabine and Watching Creeks that correspond closely with picrite-basalt of the present\narea have been dated as post-Cretaceous (Mem. 249, pp. 18, 29). A cursory examination made by the writer in the Carabine Creek area failed to indicate that the picrite-basalt\nwas part of the bedded tuff succession, to which a post-Cretaceous age applies. Consequently the picrite-basalt may not be post-Cretaceous, and the earlier age of the Iron\nMask batholith can be accepted.\nZones of recurring fracture were active early in the history of the batholith. Portions\nof the zones are recognized where picrite-basalt or Nicola tuffs are in contact with batholithic rocks. Three early zones are partly identified\u2014one at each batholithic margin and LODE METALS 53\nthe third within the batholith between the Evening Star and Iron Mask localities. Unlike\nthe marginally situated zones, the third zone is apparently strongly arcuate. The zones\nmay have partly determined the early batholithic contacts, which date from the first\nintrusive episode. In a second episode the zones were invaded by individual bodies of\npicrite-basalt. In a third episode, intrusion of the finer-grained batholithic rocks tended\nto follow the fracture zones and to obliterate them. These successive events have determined the dominant northwesterly trend of the intrusive contacts.\nNo through-going faults have been identified within the batholith. Faulting is chiefly\nobserved at and near the contacts of batholithic rocks with picrite-basalt or altered tuffs.\nIn the Python, Iron Mask, and Ajax areas, alteration of the batholithic rocks was preceded by intensive brecciation within 600 feet of picrite-basalt contacts. Coincidence of\nthe later zones of dislocation with parts of the early fracture zones does not necessarily\nimply reactivation of the early zones throughout their whole original length; on the contrary, movement was probably restricted to the immediate vicinity of the altered incompetent picrite-basalt and basaltic tuffs.\nPost-mineral faulting is probably widespread but may involve no large displacements.\nIt is evident in the Python mineralized zone and is reported at the Iron Cap mine. Southeast of the Monte Carlo workings, Tertiary lava is probably faulted against Nicola rocks.\nDiscussion of the Mineralization\nThe copper deposits are veins, stockworks, and disseminations of replacement origin\nand mesothermal type. Chalcopyrite is the principal copper-bearing mineral and is\naccompanied by pyrite in widely varying proportion. Partial oxidation of sulphide minerals may extend to 150 feet depth but is unpredictable in occurrence. Gold and silver\nvalues are generally low and, if anything, decrease with increasing proportion of pyrite.\nNative copper and chalcocite occur at two localities and are probably of primary origin.\nOther native copper disseminations lie west of the area. Bornite is important at the\nCopper King mine at Cherry Bluff.\nAltered wallrock is the chief gangue. In the northern deposits it contains much\npink orthoclase feldspar. Magnetite is associated with this pink material as veins, lenses,\nand strong disseminations. One small magnetite vein, intersected by a diamond-drill\nhole east of the Lost Chord claim, contains apatite, and in that respect resembles iron\ndeposits to the west of the present area. In this and other cases the magnetite is earlier\nthan the chalcopyrite. Calcite and epidote are invariably closely associated with the\nsulphides. Gangue minerals of more restricted distribution include gypsum, ankerite,\nspecular hematite, and quartz. Fluorite, prehnite, and zeolites occur in the northern\npart of the area.\nRock alteration and mineralization in batholithic rocks are as a rule adjacent to\nstructurally weak masses of picrite-basalt and altered tuffs. Mineralization occurs at\nsome of these contacts and as much as 1,000 feet from them. Stockworks such as that\nof the Python locality are mineralized zones of brecciation. Veins, on the other hand,\nare mineralized faults and locally exhibit a uniformity of attitude, such as that shown\nby the Iron Mask mine plans and as may exist in the Ajax area.\nIntense rock alteration is a general guide to the likelihood of strong or widespread\nmineralization. In the coarse-grained rocks, pink replacement breccia represents structural conditions conducive to mineralization. Monzonite with few pink veins may be\nhost to disseminated sulphides. White rock alteration of diorite is probably too widely\ndistributed to indicate orebodies. Among the finer-grained rocks, better mineralization\nmay be indicated by a greater intensity of white alteration.\nGeophysical exploration assumes special importance in view of the poorly exposed\nnature of many critical areas. Electromagnetic methods have been widely used, and,\ndespite the drilling of many non-mineralized conductors, probably remain the most satis- 54 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nfactory. Resistivity methods have been employed to a limited extent in the Python\narea, but are suspect because of the rapidly varying thickness of cover. Magnetic methods have received little attention, yet may have some use in view of the possible lowering\nof magnetic susceptibility by white alteration of the rocks. Pink alteration, in the form\nof replacement breccia, or monzonite, is accompanied by a rise in magnetic susceptibility.\n[References: Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Repts., 1896-1930, 1940, 1951, 1952,\n1955; Geol. Surv., Canada, Report, Kamloops Map Sheet, 1895; Geol. Surv., Canada,\nMem. 38, 1915, pp. 140-141; Geol. Surv., Canada, Econ. Geol. Series No. 3, 1926;\nGeol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 249 (Nicola Map-area), 1948.]\n(50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E.)    Head office, 1208 Vancouver Block, Vancou-\nMakaoo Develop-   ver; mine office, Kamloops.   W. I. Nelson, president and general\nmen. Company     manager, Kamloops.    This company holds seventy-five mineral\nLimited claims in a block whose boundaries are shown in Figure 3.   Five\nof the claims are Crown granted.   Exploration work has been done\nby the present company on the Python and Copper Head zones in the Python group\n(1),* on the Lost Chord claim (4), Orphan Boy shaft (2), and the old O.K. workings\n(5).   Earlier activity was principally on the Python group of four Crown-granted claims,\nsome of which were located as early as 1896.   Prior to the First World War, the Python\nworkings consisted of the Python adit, 525 feet in length, the Python shaft, 123 feet deep,\nand the Noonday (3) shaft, about 100 feet deep.    The position of these workings is\nshown on Figure 3.   In 1899, 30 tons of material containing about 8 per cent copper\nwas shipped from the Python group.\nThe group was held by Canadian Mining and Smelting Company for a short time\nin 1954, when selected areas were covered by electromagnetic survey.\nIn 1955 the Makaoo Company reclaimed the Python adit and renamed it the 2825\nlevel. In the course of this work the adit was shortened from 525 to 460 feet. During\n1956 the Copper Head and Python zones, upon which much of the early exploration\nwork had been done, were further developed. Underground work at this level consisted\nof 295 feet of drifting and 179 feet of crosscutting in the Copper Head zone, and 806\nfeet of drifting and 610 feet of crosscutting in the Python zone. In addition, a new adit\nat 2,519 feet elevation was driven 350 feet in a southwesterly direction from a portal\nsituated 1,130 feet northerly from the portal of the 2825 level. Surface exploration\nincluded 901 feet of trenching, directed along the picrite-basalt and diorite contact from\nthe Orphan Boy workings eastward to a point 2,600 feet beyond the Python shaft. Surface diamond drilling amounted to 3,822 feet, much of which was done on other groups\nof claims. The sites of these holes are shown on Figure 3. A total of 16,200 feet of\nroad was constructed.\nThe Copper Head mineralized zone occurs within picrite-basalt at a highly sheared\ncontact with altered diorite. The shearing is 6 feet wide and has an over-all trend of\nnorth 40 degrees west, but in the Copper Head workings it strikes north 25 degrees west.\nThe dip is 70 degrees or more to the south. The picrite-basalt is pulverized within the\nshear zone, and in the footwall is less broken up but contains some strongly sheared sections. The hangingwall diorite contains pink veins of orthoclase feldspar and is traversed\nby numerous chloritic fractures.\nChalcopyrite is strongly disseminated in the shear zone and in the footwall. Gangue\nminerals are not abundant. Lenses of calcite and occasionally of tremolite asbestos\noccur, and contain small stringers of chalcopyrite. Small crystals of white fluorite line\ncavities within the mineralized rock. Little pyrite is present, and little oxidation of the\nchalcopyrite has occurred. On the hangingwall, diorite contains disseminated chalcopyrite for a foot or so from the shear zone and at greater distances where brecciated\npink veins occur.\n* Numbers in parentheses refer to location on Figure 3.  LODE METALS\n55\nSeveral steep faults pass from diorite into the shear zone, and apparently displace it.\nA shallow west-dipping fault cuts the shear zone in No. 1 crosscut.\nResults of chip sampling in the Copper Head zone are given below. Sample locations are shown on Figure 4.\nSamples from the Copper Head Zone\nSample\nNo.\nLocation\nGold\nSilver\nCopper\n5 feet across shear zone-\n| 4V_ feet across hangingwall side of shear zone..\n| 5 feet, of which 3V4 feet is shear zone and W2 feet in the footwall-\nI\t\nOz. per Ton\n0.07\n0.14\n0.02\nOz. per Ton\n0.2\n0.2\nPer Cent\n1.6\n3.5\n0.8\nThe greatest width of mineralized rock is 23 feet, in No. 1 crosscut. The increased\nwidth there may be due to partial repetition of the shear zone by oblique faulting.\nThe shear zone is exposed on surface about 40 feet above Nos. 7 and 9 crosscuts.\nThe mineralization extends across a width of about 20 feet in picrite-basalt. The adjacent diorite contains disseminated chalcopyrite.\nThe main mass of picrite-basalt is poorly mineralized, on the evidence of surface\ndiamond-drill hole No. 17, 300 feet north of the portal. This hole was drilled south 30\ndegrees west at minus 45 degrees. Throughout its length of 409 feet, the hole cut picrite-\nbasalt containing some sheared sections and sporadic small amounts of chalcopyrite and\npyrite.\nThe Python zone occurs within a replacement breccia (see p. ) of feldspathized\ndiorite or gabbro. The replacement breccia has ill-defined margins and grades into less\naltered diorite. In the breccia the pink feldspar veins are non-systematic; elsewhere\nthey are wider, more persistent, and tend to adopt one or more distinct attitudes. Where\nmore massive veining occurs rather than replacement breccia, mineralization is purely\nlocal and is confined to the immediate vicinity of the pink veins. Epidote, calcite, magnetite, and chalcopyrite occur within or at the margins of many veins, either singly or\nas a varied assemblage of these minerals. In many instances they fill fractures within a\nvein.   The same minerals also occur disseminated in the adjacent altered diorite.\nThe replacement breccia in which the Python mineralized zone occurs probably\nforms a steeply dipping tabular lens or pipe, which in the workings barely encloses the\ntwo mineralized areas that are shown on Figure 4. In plan it is elongate approximately\neast-west.   Chip samples were taken at positions shown on Figure 4.\nSamples from the Python Zone\nSample\nNo.\nLocation\nGold\nSilver\nCopper\n4\nOz. per Ton\n0.05\n0.01\n0.02\nOz. per Ton\nTrace\nPer Cent\n6.9\n5\n1.0\n6\n2 3\nChalcopyrite is essentially the only sulphide present. It occurs as stringers and\nlenses of varied orientation and as a dissemination in the feldspathized diorite. The\nlarger lenses have a thickness of 1 foot. In places the ore is vuggy, with calcite, epidote,\nand some fluorite in the cavities. Quartz is virtually lacking. Magnetite lenses, nodules,\nand disseminations are common. Some oxidation of the sulphide to carbonates has\noccurred.\nThe ore is brecciated and dragged by steep faults striking north-northeast and west-\nnorthwest.    The northerly faults offset those of the other set with small apparent dis- 56 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nplacements. A green muddy breccia as much as 1 foot wide is commonly present along\nparts of the faults. Specks of chalcopyrite in the green breccia probably represent\nmechanically incorporated material. The walls of the breccia are coated with a brown\ngouge, and are polished and slickensided in a manner indicating horizontal and oblique\nmovement, probably subsequent to formation of the breccia. Only one of the northerly\nfaults in the Copper Head (No. 1) drift possesses green breccia, but several show a\nthin seam of brown gouge. In No. 6 west drift an east fault probably moved later than\nfaults of the two main sets.   It follows a massive pink vein and contains a calcite breccia.\nThe faults shown on the 55-foot level of the Python shaft, which was not accessible,\nare based on information supplied by the company engineer. Other workings lie at the\n110-foot level (Ann. Rept., 1913, p. 189).\nOn the surface, oxidized material carrying chalcopyrite and carbonates is exposed\nin the positions indicated on Figure 4. Weaker mineralization extends west of those\nexposures and is in diorite containing relatively few pink veins. Outcrops of replacement breccia are restricted to the localities of richer mineralization.\nThe sum of evidence available from surface and underground exposures and from\ndiamond drilling is insufficient to show the shape and full extent of the Python mineralized zone.\nA large number of trenches have been dug across the prevailing strike between the\nOrphan Boy workings and a point 2,600 feet easterly of the Python shaft. The longest\none is some 1,200 feet in length and is directed southward toward the Noonday shaft.\nIt lies immediately east of an assumed northerly fault shown on Figure 3. On the road\nat its northern end this cut exposes strongly albitized diorite which is in steep sheared\ncontact with picrite-basalt to the south. Pyritic mineralization occurs in the diorite and\nat the sheared contact. The trench exposes 500 feet of sparsely mineralized picrite-\nbasalt, which is in sheared contact with diorite to the south. This contact is penetrated\nat shallow depth by surface diamond-drill hole No. 3, and is not abundantly mineralized.\nIt corresponds in structural location to the Copper Head shear zone. The succeeding\ndiorite carries pink veins on a scale approaching that of the Python replacement breccia.\nChalcopyrite is disseminated for about 200 feet north of the picrite-basalt, and also\noccurs as minor stringers in association with the pink veins.\nThe Noonday shaft is at the approximate southern limit of the pink veins, on an\noutcrop of sparsely mineralized diorite with pink veins. At the collar a steep shear\ntrends north 5 degrees east. The shaft is inaccessible; in 1913 it was said to be 75 feet\ndeep.\nThe Lost Chord workings are a short distance east of the Python group. No semblance of the structures seen on the Python group is apparent at these old showings,\non which work was recorded in 1903 and 1913. Of two short adits, one is southwest\nof and about 70 feet higher than the other. The upper adit is 6 feet long and exposes a\nsteep 4-inch-wide fault striking north 70 degrees east and carrying copper carbonates.\nThe lower adit is driven southwestward 20 feet into partly altered diorite. Both north\nand northwesterly shears occur but are not mineralized. The diorite contains a trace of\ndisseminated chalcopyrite. No pink veins occur in the general vicinity. Bornite was\nreported in the showings, on which there were once a number of open-cuts.\nThe Orphan Boy workings date from the early years of activity. A brief description\nis given in the Annual Report for 1903 (p. 179). A shaft, now flooded, was stated then\nto be 30 feet deep. Nothing can be seen at the collar of the shaft, but recent open-\ncutting has exposed, 20 feet from the shaft, an oxidized vein of sulphides following a\nshear that strikes east. Fifty feet north of the vein, which occurs in diorite with pink\nveins, a sheared contact of picrite-basalt and diorite is exposed. This contact is again\nvisible 400 feet to the southeast, but at neither place is mineralization evident. Two\nsurface holes, Nos. 23 and 24, were drilled with moderate dips northeastward to test\nthis contact at greater depth.   The core of No. 23, the only one examined by the writer, LODE METALS 57\nfailed to show appreciable mineralization.    The shear zone was intersected in this hole\nat a vertical depth of 200 feet.\nThe O.K. workings are three-quarters of a mile northeast of the Orphan Boy shaft.\nThey are reported to consist of an adit and two shafts, of which one had east and west\ncrosscuts at a 50-foot depth (Ann. Repts., 1899 and 1904). Makaoo Development\nCompany has trenched in the vicinity of an old shaft about 10 feet deep, exposing several\nnarrow oxidized veins of sulphide near a fault that strikes north 70 degrees east and dips\nnorthward. The host rock is diorite with pink veins. This shaft is not as deep as either\nof the reported ones, whose positions were not discovered by the writer.\n(50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E.) Head office, Room 1408, Royal Bank Building,\nGalaxy Minerals 675 West Hastings Street, Vancouver; mine office, Kamloops.\nLtd. W. Fred Evans, president, Vancouver; W. I. Nelson, vice-president\nand general manager, Kamloops. This company holds seventy-\neight mineral claims, the general boundary of which is shown on Figure 3. Six of the\nclaims are Crown granted.\nUnderground work has been confined to the old shaft on the Evening Star (6) claim.\nThis shaft was sunk to its final depth of 90 feet between 1903 and 1908. A shipment\nin 1916-17 is recorded of 53 tons of material containing about 0.5 ounce per ton of\nsilver and 5 per cent copper. The present company cleaned out and retimbered the\nshaft and did 1,545 feet of trenching, mostly in the vicinity of the shaft. A total of 1,247\nfeet of diamond drilling was done at various sites shown on Figure 3. Four thousand\nfeet of road was built.\nWorkings extending from the shaft consist of a drift 15 feet long and a northeasterly\ncrosscut 60 feet long. The drift on the 55-foot level and the first part of the crosscut on\nthe lower level expose talcose, serpentinized basaltic tuff. This rock is strongly sheared\nand foliated on planes striking north 50 to 60 degrees west. Mineralization is sparse and\nconsists of narrow stringers and disseminations of chalcopyrite. These are associated with\nmagnetite nodules and rather abundantly disseminated pyrite. Stronger mineralization\noccurs between two faults of north dip at 24 and 32 feet respectively from the shaft.\nA chip sample across 3 feet close to the northern fault assayed: Gold, 0.01 oz. per ton;\nsilver, trace; copper, 1.7 per cent. The succeeding, more blocky fracturing tuff contains\na very small amount of sulphide. At 53 feet a narrow fault strikes north 60 degrees east\nand dips 70 degrees to the north. Beyond it is diorite with pink feldspathic patches and\ndisseminated chalcopyrite. A sample of this rock at the fault assayed: Gold, 0.01 oz.\nper ton; silver, 0.2 oz. per ton; copper, 0.65 per cent.\nTwo hundred feet northeast of the Star shaft, and probably on the Golden Star\nclaim, is a short adit driven northeastward in tuff. A number of open-cuts explore an\narea immediately north of the shaft. The trenched area forms a rectangle 600 feet in a\nnorth-northwesterly direction and 300 feet east-northeasterly. Fractured grey tuffs and\ncoarser-grained volcanic rocks are mostly exposed. Albitized diorite occurs at and southwest of an old shallow shaft 500 feet north-northeast of the Star shaft. Lenses of similar\nrock occur elsewhere, in sheared contact with the volcanics. Some of the lenses are\nhighly albitized and have a small content of quartz. Faults and minor shears trend north\n60 degrees west and carry limonite derived from sulphides. The end of one trench overlies the face of the crosscut; it indicates that the mineralized zone at the face is unlikely\nto be more than a few feet in width. In the vicinity of an old shallow pit 900 feet southeast of the Star shaft, two open-cuts have been bulldozed. They expose tuff with limonitic\nshears of uncertain strike. At the old pit, said to have been a gold prospect, a zone of\nintense carbonate alteration may represent a fault striking north 70 degrees east.\nA strong topographical depression extends from the Star workings northwestward,\npassing south of the Lucky Strike (7) shaft. Immediately north of the depression and\n400 feet south of the shaft, a pit 25 feet in diameter exposes a strongly oxidized zone that 58 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nstrikes north 60 degrees west. The only sulphide now preserved is pyrite. The host rock\nis feldspathized diorite similar to that at the Lucky Strike shaft. A shallow inclined\ndiamond-drill hole, No. 9, was put down between this pit and the Lucky strike shaft. It\nfailed to intersect mineralization.\n(50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E.)    Company office, 1519 Marine Building, 355\nInland Copper      Burrard Street, Vancouver; mine office, Kamloops. W. I. Nelson,\nMines Ltd.        manager, Kamloops. This company holds by location seventy-one\nmineral claims in two areas shown on Figure 3.   Work comprised\ntrenching at scattered localities, totalling 297 feet in length, 1,081 feet of AX diamond\ndrilling, and 136 feet of X-ray diamond drilling. Those holes whose cores were examined\nby the writer are located on Figure 3.\nTwo shallow AX holes were drilled to explore showings on the Windsor (8) group\nof claims 1 Vz miles east-southeast of Jacko Lake. Old workings spaced along a fine 260\nfeet long, trending north 80 degrees west, consist of an inclined shaft more than 20 feet\ndeep and several trenches and shallow pits. The rocks are Nicola volcanics, including\nbanded tuff. The exposures in the workings indicate that a fault, striking north 80 degrees\nwest and mineralized across a width of 3 feet, gives place westward to two or more fractures whose strike is north 60 degrees west. The fractures dip about 60 degrees to the\nnorth. Mineralization consists of chalcopyrite and abundant pyrite, rather coarsely\ncrystallized in calcite and quartz gangue. Sulphides extend into the adjacent sheared\ngreenstone. Samples of the best material on the dumps at the shaft and the large pit\nassayed 1.5 and 0.69 per cent copper respectively. Negligible amounts of gold and silver\nare present.\nThe diamond-drill holes, inclined to the southwest at minus 45 degrees, were not\nplaced advantageously to intersect the mineralization should it persist to depth. Minor\npyrite-magnetite mineralization was encountered at shallow depth in hole W2 300 feet\nnorthwest of the shaft. This hole ended at a depth of 220 feet, approximately on the strike\nof the fault in the shaft and 260 feet from it. At the end the hole passes from greenstones\ninto strongly albitized and brecciated diorite and microdiorite. Hole Wl ends 50 feet to\nthe northwest of the eastern large pit at a depth of 134 feet. An additional 20 feet of\ndrilling would possibly have intersected the fault seen in that pit. The hole passes through\naltered picrite-basalt into greenstones and back into serpentinous rock. Minor pyrite\noccurs near the end.\nTrenching is reported to have been done by the present company on the Jay group\nof claims, which lies north of the Python group. At several localities in this vicinity,\nhydro thermally altered volcanic rocks are stained by malachite. A specimen from close\nto the west bank of Guerin Creek, about 1,200 feet south of the abandoned coal mine,\nshows specks of native copper within epidosite. This rock, made up entirely of quartz\nand epidote, is traversed by occasional minute veinlets of chalcocite. Several old diggings occur in the general area.\n(50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E.)    Company office, Royal Bank Building, Kam-\nIron Mask loops.   J. W. Murray, manager. This company holds forty mineral\n(Kamloops Copper claims, of which seven are Crown granted.   Within the property\nCompany Ltd.)     shown on Figure 3 are several privately owned Crown-granted\nclaims.   The company was formed in 1951 to take over property\nthat included the Iron Mask (9) mine.   A shaft now known as the Larsen was deepened\nfrom 35 to 90 feet slope depth on the Night Hawk (10) claim, and the shaft on the\nLucky Strike (7) claim was retimbered.   In 1952 the property was optioned by Berens\nRiver Mines Limited.  The Larsen shaft was again deepened, a first-level station cut at\n90 feet slope depth, and a drift run west for 65 feet. Three holes totalling 400 feet were\ndrilled underground, presumably all from a drilling-station which exists at the end of this\ndrift.   An electromagnetic survey of the property was followed by diamond drilling on\nsurface.   Nine holes were drilled, totalling 2,300 feet.   Four of the holes were drilled in  LODE METALS 59\nthe general neighbourhood of the Lucky Strike shaft, four in the vicinity of the Larsen\nand Bonnie Etta workings, and one on the L.S. No. 1 Fractional claim, across the highway\nfrom the Larsen shaft. Where known, the sites of these surface holes are indicated on\nFigure 3 or on Figure 5.\nIn 1956 Kamloops Copper Company unwatered the Larsen shaft and extended the\nworking on the 90-foot level. A total of 292 feet of crosscutting and 230 feet of drifting\nwere done. Four holes totalling 1,400 feet were diamond drilled from the end of the\ncrosscut.\nA total of 12,000 lineal feet of bulldozer trenching was done, of which about 60 per\ncent exposed bedrock. Excepting some trenches made late in the year, all are shown on\nFigure 5. Surface diamond drilling amounted to three holes totalling 1,800 feet. An\nelectromagnetic survey was made of an area measuring 6,000 by 6,000 feet that extends\nimmediately north of the Iron Mask shaft.\nThe Larsen shaft, started in 1905, is sunk on the dip of a vein at 63 degrees due\nsouth and has a slope depth of 100 feet. At 90 feet a crosscut extends south 30 degrees\nwest for 104 feet, then south 10 degrees west for 185 feet to the face. The elevation of\nthe level is close to that of the 200 level of the Norma workings, toward which it has been\ndirected. One drift extends 100 feet to the east and two others extend 65 and 133 feet\nto the west respectively.\nIn the Larsen workings the main or No. 1 zone of mineralization is in diorite north\nof a faulted contact with picrite-basalt, which is altered as previously described (p. 52).\nWhere seen along the southern west drift, this contact dips very steeply. To the south\nthe crosscut exposes picrite-basalt to the face. The inner part of the east drift is said to\nfollow the contact. Except in the first west drift, the diorite is mostly altered to a replacement breccia similar to that of the Python zone. Pink veins ramify through the rock,\nwhich contains introduced orthoclase feldspar, magnetite, and chalcopyrite. Much calcite\nis present. In the second west drift are irregular dyke- or lens-shaped masses of white\nrock which contains pink veins and is generally mineralized. This rock consists principally of plagioclase feldspar, calcite, and epidote, and represents diorite which is almost\nwholly recrystallized. Albitization is not known to have occurred in the neighbourhood\nof the Larsen workings.\nThe southern west drift follows a well-mineralized fault zone 5 to 6 feet wide. Each\nwall follows fairly closely a persistent vein of chalcopyrite. The veins swell and pinch\nfrom place to place and range in width to 6 inches or more. They are linked obliquely by\nother fissure-controlled veins of similar width, whose strike is about north 60 degrees\nwest. In the first 75 feet of the drift there are at least three oblique veins, of which two\ndip southwest moderately steeply. Other oblique veins may occur beyond the northernmost persistent vein. In addition, the diorite and white rock are traversed irregularly by\nminor stringers of chalcopyrite and carry disseminated chalcopyrite. The veins are\nbrecciated and in places vuggy; much of the sulphide is granular. Oxidation is slight.\nCalcite, epidote, and gypsum occur in the gangue, together with occasional well-\ncrystallized fluorite, prehnite, and zeolite. Talc and gypsum occur on slips in the diorite.\nMinor chalcocite is said to occur in material on the dump. The average assay of chip\nsamples taken across drift-width, 13 feet from the crosscut, is: Gold, 0.03 oz. per ton;\nsilver, 0.1 oz. per ton; copper, 2.25 per cent. At the place of sampling the northern vein\nwas very narrow.\nA narrow east vein occurs between the No. 1 zone and the shaft station. The vein\non which the shaft is sunk is oxidized to a depth of about 30 feet, and here appears to be\n3 feet wide. At the working level, the vein is not very wide, but the diorite at the shaft\nhas disseminated chalcopyrite.\nFor a distance of 190 feet south of the contact, picrite-basalt encloses numerous\nlenticular masses of white rock containing pink veins and disseminated sulphide.  The 60 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nmasses are shear bounded, and closely spaced faulting is general throughout the whole\nsection. Talc occurs on the slips. Only two faults are significantly mineralized. The\nsoutherly one, 105 feet from the contact, is termed the No. 2 zone and is 3 feet wide,\nstrikes east, and dips steeply south. It contains several narrow coalescing veins of\nchalcopyrite.\nTwo holes drilled south from the face of the crosscut did not penetrate an appreciable amount of mineralization. Hole AI was horizontal and 436 feet long; A2, 451\nfeet long, was drilled in the same direction as AI but at minus 25 degrees. These\nholes showed the picrite-basalt to have a steep south-dipping contact with altered diorite\n50 feet south of the crosscut. A further 90 feet of picrite-basalt with white rock was\nintersected at 290 feet in hole AI. This same mass was intersected in A2 at 333 feet and\ncontinued to the end of the hole. In AI small amounts of chalcopyrite occur at the\npicrite-basalt contact and in a shear zone midway in the mass. Further picrite-basalt\nsucceeds diorite 220 feet north of the Norma workings in a long cut; 50 feet to the west,\nsteep 6-inch-wide veins are in white diorite with pink veins.\nThere is no precise indication as to how far the No. 1 zone extends west of the\nLarsen workings. A long trench 2,600 feet west of the shaft failed to reach bedrock.\nA trench farther west exposes unmineralized diorite, but at an old shaft near by a vein 1\nfoot wide strikes north 70 degrees west and extends for 49 feet.\nAt the Night Hawk shaft, diorite contains disseminated chalcopyrite. Farther east\nthe diorite contact with picrite-basalt coincides with an oxidized vein which strikes east\nand dips to the north at 70 degrees.\nThe Bonnie Etta adit is 55 feet long. A shaft of unknown depth is east of the adit\nand about 20 feet higher in elevation. In 1929, 33 tons of material was shipped from\nthese workings containing: Gold, 0.25 oz. per ton; silver, 0.75 oz. per ton; copper,\nabout 9 per cent. The content of gold and silver is unusually high for the area. The\nworkings are in diorite intersected by pink veins. No mineralization was seen in the adit\nnorth of a fault zone that probably continues into the shaft. The zone strikes east in the\nadit and north 60 degrees east at the shaft. It is 6 feet wide in the adit, and dips steeply.\nA grab sample of partly oxidized material within the fault zone assayed: Gold, 0.52 oz.\nper ton; silver, 1.6 oz. per ton; copper, 5.3 per cent.\nSurface hole No. 104 is reported to have encountered mineralization at a vertical\ndepth of about 250 feet beneath the workings.\nThree inclined surface holes were diamond drilled in 1952 in the area between the\nBonnie Etta and Larsen workings. In 1956 a long inclined hole, No. 102, was drilled in\nthe same area and roughly parallel to No. 104. The positions of these holes are shown\non Figure 5. Hole 102 intersects micromonzonite to 226 feet, this rock being mineralized only with sparse pyrite; beyond is altered diorite, with occasional weak chalcopyrite\nimpregnations and four widely spaced veins, each a few inches wide. Veins intersected\nat 472 feet and 522 feet may be correlated with ones recorded in the logs of earlier holes\nKC6 and KC7, and which are visible in an open-cut. They are vertical and strike nearly\neast, but are unlikely to continue on that trend for many feet east of the open-cut since\nmassive unmineralized diorite is seen in that direction. Altered picrite-basalt is exposed\nin the cut immediately south of the veins but is not encountered at depth or in the northerly inclined hole KC7.\nThe interconnected Iron Mask, Erin, and Norma workings are now flooded to an\nelevation slightly below the collar of the Norma shaft, at 2,500 feet. Information about\nthe property is contained in the Annual Reports of the Minister of Mines from 1896 to\n1928, of which the most informative are those of 1913 (pp. 185-187), 1915 (pp. 210-\n215, 367), 1926 (pp. 182-185), and 1928 (pp. 208-209). The 1926 account includes\na plan of the workings. The Iron Mask has seven levels, the lowest being at 750 feet\nslope depth below the collar. The Erin has levels at 100 and 300 feet vertical depths,\nthe lower parts of the orebody being worked from the Iron Mask system.   A raise con- LODE METALS 61\nnects the 750 level of the Iron Mask with the 300 level of the Erin. The Iron Mask\nshaft is inclined at 68 degrees and the Erin shaft at 70 degrees. The Norma shaft is\nsunk vertically to a single level 200 feet below the collar. A raise connects this level\nwith the Iron Mask 750 level, which is estimated to be 160 feet lower in elevation.\nTotal recorded production from the property is: Gold, 3,794 oz.; silver, 14,843\noz.; copper, 5,390,723 lb., from 182,494 tons of ore mined between 1901 and 1928.\nThe greater part was from the Iron Mask orebody, and, in addition to the Iron Mask\nand Erin orebodies, smaller ones were worked south and east of the Iron Mask shaft.\nMining was by shrinkage stoping. Some of the ore was hand-sorted for direct shipment.\nDevelopment was pushed in 1910 and a gravity mill installed; a flotation plant was\nadded in 1917. Prior to completion of the Erin raise in 1916 or thereabouts, the partly\noxidized Erin orebody was separately worked. The mine was closed between 1920 and\n1925, except for a brief period of production in 1923. From 1925 until 1928, when the\nproperty finally closed down, extensive development was accompanied by some production, largely from smaller orebodies. The mill was removed in 1930. After World\nWar II, quantities of high explosives were jettisoned into the Iron Mask and Erin shafts,\nwhose collars are now wrecked and caved.\nThe Iron Mask and Erin orebodies were of similar shape, size, and attitude. Each\nwas lens-shaped in plan and about 175 feet in horizontal length. Possibly they possessed\na distinct easterly pitch (Ann. Rept., 1913, p. 186). Their widths were fairly similar;\nincluding low-grade ore, the Erin orebody generally did not exceed 30 feet, whilst the\nIron Mask orebody attained a maximum width at lower depths of more than 20 feet.\nBoth orebodies strike north 65 degrees east. The mine plans show that both orebodies\ndip about 75 degrees to the southeast, and that the Erin orebody dips less steeply above\nthe 300 level. Stope outlines of both orebodies are lenticular above the 600 level. At\nthis level the Erin orebody splits eastward. The Iron Mask orebody continued to 690\nfeet slope depth, where it is reported to have been cut off by a low-angle fault. The\nfootwall of each orebody is recorded as well-defined and the hangingwall as indefinite.\nMention is made in both cases of an unmineralized, crushed black rock immediately on\nthe hangingwall. This tough rubbery material (Ann. Rept., 1915, p. 214) may refer\nto picrite-basalt breccia, which is exposed on surface near the footwall of the Iron Mask\norebody.\nSeventy-five feet west of the Iron Mask shaft, mineralized diorite in contact with\npicrite-basalt has been mined to within 8 feet of the surface. The exposed contact is\nirregular in detail, being essentially breccia of mineralized white rock and unmineralized\npicrite-basalt. It strikes about north 55 degrees east and dips at about 60 degrees to\nthe southeast. Chalcopyrite occurs as disseminations and stringers. Iron oxide is abundant in a small vein in the northern wall of the breccia zone. At the shaft itself, a mineralized fault zone 5 feet wide strikes north 60 degrees east in diorite and dips at about\n60 degrees to the southeast. The footwall of this zone is poorly defined and contains\nanother mineralized zone that dips at 35 degrees to the southwest. Picrite-basalt is\nnot seen.\nThe Erin shaft collar exposes a heavily oxidized breccia, about 20 feet in width,\nwith no picrite-basalt in evidence. The Erin orebody is oxidized at least to the 100 level\n(Mem. 249, p. 107), but the quantity of oxidized material remaining is said to be not\nvery large (Ann. Rept., 1923, p. 149).\nThere is little record of the mineralogy of the Iron Mask ore. On the dump, the\nonly mineralized material seen is diorite carrying disseminated chalcopyrite. Ore mined\nin 1923 was stated to carry pyrite. The reported association of gypsum and talc in\nfracture planes in diorite near the bottom of the Iron Mask shaft is similar to the occurrence in the Larsen workings. Gypsum gangue occurred in one of the late developed\norebodies in the eastern workings (Ann. Rept., 1926, p. 185).   The oxidized material 62\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nLEGEND\nDiorite\nMostly picri te-basa\n[ | Micromonzonite\n\u2014 \u2014 Geological contact (inferred\n.  Supposed direction of movement\n** principal faults\n'www' Subsidiary faults\n\"\u25a0*\u25a0   Mineralized  veins\nON   MASK\nFigure 6. Hypothetical structural interpretation in the vicinity of the Iron Mask mine. LODE METALS 63\nof the Erin orebody contained chalcopyrite, with some malachite, azurite, and cuprite.\nA little bornite was seen on the dump.\nA number of smaller orebodies were developed. On the 600 level about 330 feet\nnorth of the Erin shaft station, a vein 14 inches wide was followed 450 feet in a drift.\nIn 1928 production was principally from an orebody about 900 feet northwest of the\nErin orebody. It was worked on the 750 level to a width of 12 feet, a length of 120\nfeet, and a height of 90 feet. Much of the material was low in grade. An oreshoot in\nthe same vein on the 200 level was higher in grade but smaller. Two other veins developed on the 750 level apparently lay east of the Erin orebody in an area where possibly\nnot all the existing workings are recorded. One was 14 feet wide and averaged over\n4 per cent copper. The other lay 300 feet farther east and, on the level, was low in\ngrade; it had not been mined when the property closed down. Material, some of high\ngrade, was mined near the Iron Mask shaft station on the 750 level. The mine plans\nshow numerous holes diamond drilled from the 600 and 750 levels outward from the\nIron Mask workings. Considerable drilling was done in 1916-18 to locate a lower portion of the Iron Mask orebody, which was stated in 1918 to have been found. The\nwestern long crosscut to the north on the 750 level is not known to have intersected\nmineralization. It was probably driven in picrite-basalt, large quantities of which occur\non the dump.\nSouth of the Iron Mask shaft, several narrow east-trending veins of oxidized material are exposed. At a caved shaft 1,100 feet southeast of the Iron Mask shaft, an oxidized fault zone 2 feet wide with copper carbonate strikes north 50 degrees east and dips\n70 degrees southeast. Late in 1956 the Kamloops Copper Company did some surface\nstripping in this locality.\nThe Lucky Strike shaft, now flooded, is 2,700 feet south of the Iron Mask shaft.\nAt a depth of 60 feet a drift of unknown direction is reported to extend 120 feet on a\nvein said to be 3 to 4 feet wide. Recorded production is 30 tons in 1901, containing\nabout 20 per cent copper, no gold, and negligible silver. The shaft was retimbered in\n1951. A small dump shows disseminated chalcopyrite in diorite. The sulphide is not\nintimately related to pink veins, but occurs close to calcite-filled fractures. Magnetite\nveinlets occur. Three inclined holes were diamond drilled in the vicinity by Berens\nRiver Mines Limited, through short conducting zones trending east-northeast, and all\nintersected faults in diorite with only minor mineralization.\n(50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E.)    This company holds sixteen full and fractional\nAjax and Monte    claims by record and four Crown-granted claims under lease.  The\nCarlo (The Consoli- boundary of this block, known as the Ajax-Monte Carlo group, is\ndated Mining and   shown on Figure 3.    Work done in 1956 was 3,029 feet of\nSmelting Company diamond drilling in six surface holes.  These holes were all drilled\nof Canada, Limited) in the vicinity of the Ajax claim, as were fourteen holes totalling\n7,250 feet that were drilled in 1955.   The drilling followed upon\nan electromagnetic survey made in 1954; drilling was done by the company in the same\narea in 1929.\nTrenching was done on the Ajax claim (11) between 1904 and 1910, and two caved\nadits lying immediately northwest of the claim may date from that period. The only\naccessible workings on the claim are two adits 81 and 29 feet long, driven north and south\nrespectively from opposing sides of a low mineralized ridge. The longer adit was driven\nin 1924, and the results of sampling in it are given on page 147 in the Annual Report for\nthat year. A winze sunk before or during 1928 was said to have exposed material of\nsufficiently high combined gold and copper content to have stimulated the subsequent\ndrilling programme. In 1929 the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company trenched\nand sampled the area and drilled ten surface holes whose positions are shown on Figure\n7.   The results of the drilling are discussed in the Annual Report for 1929, pages 226 64 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nto 228. Neither cores nor logs were available for examination in 1956. This earlier drilling was confined to an area extending about 720 feet west-northwest from the adits and\nabout 400 feet wide. The results were summarized as pointing to sparse sulphide mineralization in a zone approximately 250 feet wide and trending north 65 degrees west, with\na steep dip to the north. Lenses of barren ground were recognized within the zone. In\ngeneral, no lateral continuity was indicated for seams of any considerable width having\nan economic metal content. The best indication of continuity in depth was obtained\nbeneath the adits.\nThe adits are in grey-white albitized microdiorite. The southwest-driven one shows\na confused series of faults but little mineralization. The northeast-driven adit follows a\nzone of faulting and shows mineralization for 61 feet, commencing 17 feet from the\nportal. A sample 58 feet from the portal assayed 0.85 per cent copper, mostly as carbonate. A sample of the best mineralization seen, in partly oxidized material at 22 feet,\nassayed: Gold, trace; silver, 0.90 oz. per ton; copper, 32.9 per cent. This sample may\nhave contained chalcocite in addition to thickly disseminated chalcopyrite and copper\ncarbonates. Half-way in the mineralized section, at 49 feet from the portal, a winze\nabout 30 feet deep follows a strong fault striking north 45 degrees west and dipping 80\ndegrees northeast. Oxidation has produced much ochre at the fault and in its footwall.\nOn the surface, immediately above the footwall portion of the adit, a large pit is dug\nin gossan. A line of cuts extends on either side of the adit for 450 feet in a west-\nnorthwesterly direction. Eighty feet northwest of the adit, chalcopyrite occupies slender\nveinlets in albitized rock, probably on the hangingwall of the fault.\nExcept near the workings, rock outcrops are few in the area drilled. From a total\nof 10,279 feet of drilling done in 1955 and 1956, all but 1,000 feet of core was available\nfor examination. Figure 7 shows the inferred distribution of rock types at the bedrock\nsurface.\nFive diamond-drill holes lie east of the area of Figure 7. Four were drilled from\ntwo set-ups, one on either side of the Mars adit, which is 1,800 feet east of the Ajax adits.\nThe fifth remaining hole, No. 23, was drilled south of the others and penetrated picrite-\nbasalt.   Scattered mineralization was encountered in the four Mars holes.\nIn the explored area, significant mineralization principally occurs in the finer-\ngrained batholithic rocks, equivalent in original composition to diorite, monzonite, and\ngranodiorite. It occurs less frequently in coarser-grained batholithic rocks\u2014namely,\ndiorite, pyroxenic diorite, and pyroxenite\u2014and in greenstones which may in part represent dykes but which are mostly Nicola volcanics. Picrite-basalt is not significantly\nmineralized. In the western part of the Ajax claim the finer-grained batholithic rocks\nhave an interfingering contact with diorite; elsewhere in this area they are in contact with\npyroxenic diorite and pyroxenite.\nAlbitization is common in all but the darker-coloured rocks. As a result, epidote is\nprominent both as a dissemination and as replacement veinlets. Quartz, with or without\ncalcite, appears subordinately as veinlets; mineralized calcite or calcite-quartz breccias\noccur and are commonly vuggy. Where chalcopyrite occurs in veins or in vuggy breccias,\ncalcite is the most common gangue mineral. With albitization the rocks become less\nmagnetic; one 6-inch intersection of solid magnetite observed in non-magnetic, partly\nalbitized microdiorite may indicate some tendency toward hydrothermal concentration of\nthis mineral. The magnetite content is relatively high in chloritic sheared sections.\nA relationship between albitization and mineralization is generally suggested. The\nmost uniform albitization is in rocks near the adit, where the best mineralization occurs.\nIn drill cores throughout the property, intensity of albitization commonly changes foot by\nfoot, and in detail seems unrelated to intensity of mineralization.\nIntersections shown as mineralized on Figure 7 are those judged to be equal to or\nbetter than 0.35 per cent copper. Partial oxidation rarely penetrates to a depth of 140\nfeet below the surface and is generally confined to the upper 50 feet.   Except for car- LODE METALS\n65\nS3\no\n\u25a0a\na\neo\na\n1\n_ _-   <\nn. 66 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nbonates above these levels, chalcopyrite is the only copper-bearing mineral identified. It\noccurs as stringers as much as one-half inch wide, as blebs, and as a fine dissemination.\nPyrite may accompany disseminated chalcopyrite or may occur separately. It is prevalent\nin sheared sections close to the southern margin of the finer-grained batholithic rocks,\neither in the latter or in greenstones and picrite-basalt.\nThe deepest penetration in the Ajax area, in hole No. 30, shows that mineralization\noccurs at least to a depth of 630 feet below surface. Correlation of the mineralized intersections is possible only in the vicinity of the adit. Information recorded in 1929 suggests that the steep mineralized zone seen in the adit persists on the footwall side to a\nvertical depth of 280 feet below the adit and maintains a width greater than 60 feet,\ninclusive of barren lenses. It is 25 feet wide where cut by hole No. 1. Holes Nos. 29\nand 30 indicate that eastwards the zone maintains a width of 55 feet at the elevation of\nthe adit, and that mineralization continues in the footwall to a depth of at least 40 feet\nbelow this elevation. The strike of the zone is north 65 degrees west. A vertical section\nthrough holes Nos. 16, 29, and 30 suggests that here the dip of the hangingwall is about\n60 degrees. In this section the width of the zone narrows drastically at an elevation 140\nfeet below the adit, probably because at this depth the host rock is pyroxenite and pyroxenic diorite. Summarizing, it may be concluded that the adit zone persists laterally at\nshallow depth for at least 185 feet, and to a maximum known depth of 270 feet.\nEvidence of faulting is widespread, and correlation of faulted intersections is difficult.\nSurface exposures suggest that faults of northwesterly strike and steep dip are important,\nand originated prior to mineralization. The picrite-basalt contacts are strongly sheared\nand are likely to be steep.   So far as known, they are not well mineralized.\nThe Wheal Tamar workings (12) consist of six shafts, a caved adit, and several\ncaved trenches. Work on this claim was mainly done prior to 1910, and is referred to in\nAnnual Reports between 1899 and 1916. In the latter year the Granby Company is\nreported to have diamond drilled in the vicinity, but the results are not recorded. In\n1909 the underground workings were stated to total over 700 feet, which included the\nshafts and the adit, then 470 feet in length. No production is recorded. The workings\nare at 3,200 feet elevation on the contact between diorite and porphyritic microdiorite.\nMaterial on the dumps is not albitized, but albitized rock outcrops near the southernmost\nshaft.   None of the workings could be entered.\nThree of the shafts lie on a line north 40 degrees west; the northern and southern\nones are flooded. The central one is 30 feet deep and has a fair-sized dump, indicating\nworkings at the bottom. A sample of the best material seen on the dump assayed: Gold,\n0.04 oz. per ton; silver, 0.1 oz. per ton; copper, 2.0 per cent. The northern flooded\nshaft, 100 feet distant, has a smaller dump, from which two samples were taken. One,\nrepresenting the best material seen, assayed 1.7 per cent copper; the other, selected as\nan average of the dump, assayed 0.49 per cent copper. Sixty feet due northeast of this\nshaft, and connected by a caved surface cut, a fourth shaft is 40 feet deep. Material on\nthe dump is not well mineralized. A fifth shaft, showing oxidation to 25 feet depth, lies\n150 feet slightly south of east of the fourth. Close to it is a sixth shaft, 10 feet deep.\nFour of the shafts are sunk on steep faults striking west of north. The fault in the 30-foot\nshaft is well defined, mineralized, and strikes north 5 degrees west and dips 70 degrees\nto the east. It is out of line with somewhat more northwesterly faults in the two shafts to\nthe north and is displaced by a fault striking east-northeast. Faults of this latter direction\noccur on strike in the eastern workings. Mineralized material on the various dumps\nshows chalcopyrite and pyrite in fissures, commonly associated with disseminated epidote.\nCoarser gangue material includes quartz, calcite, and ankerite. A small amount of\nbornite is present.\nThe portal of the caved adit is 350 feet south-southwest of the southern flooded\nshaft and about 150 feet lower in elevation. It is driven northward in porphyritic microdiorite, somewhat mineralized with chalcopyrite.   A sample of the best material seen on LODE METALS 67\nthe dump assayed: Gold, 0.09 oz. per ton; silver, 0.2 oz. per ton; copper, 3.0 per cent.\nIt consisted of chalcopyrite in fissures within partly albitized porphyritic microdiorite.\nThe adit is stated to cut a mineralized zone south of the shafts.\nThe Monte Carlo workings (13) are 1,400 feet east of the Wheal Tamar adit. In\nan adit that is now caved the present company did 90 feet of drifting in 1929. About 180\nfeet southeast of this adit is an old shaft, said in 1924 to be 60 feet deep, on the dump of\nwhich is a small quantity of material mineralized with chalcopyrite and carbonates.\nStrongly oxidized material is exposed in a pit 60 feet southwest of the shaft.\nMicrodiorite on the dumps is albitized. Porphyritic olivine-basalt, much altered to\nserpentine, chlorite, and tremolite in the manner described elsewhere for picrite-basalt, is\non the adit dump. In 1929 the present company drilled three inclined holes 800 feet in\ntotal length, between the shaft and the adit. Logs of the holes are not now available.\nFailure to intersect mineralization was ascribed to offsetting of the mineralized zone by\ncross-faults (Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1929, p. 227).\nFour diamond-drill holes were put down in 1952 by Berens River Mines Limited in\nthe general vicinity of the Monte Carlo claim. At least two of these holes were drilled\nmidway between the Wheal Tamar and Monte Carlo adits. None of the holes intersected\nsignificant mineralization.\n(50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E.)    Head office, Suite 2, National Trust Building,\nCommercial        10072 Jasper Avenue, Edmonton, Alta.   R. E. Frederking, presi-\nMinerals Limited    dent.   This company controls twenty-nine mineral claims, in a\nblock whose outlines are shown on Figure 3.    It includes the\nJoker (14), Jim, Ray, and Cupid groups.  The Amakua group (15) adjoins the northeastern limit of the property and was formerly controlled by this company.\nIn 1956 work consisted of sampling the old Joker adits, 130 feet of bulldozer stripping, and 5,500 feet of surface diamond drilling.\nOn the Joker claim two short adits are 40 feet apart on a steep bluff on the west\nbank of Anderson Creek. Recent stripping has removed most of both adits, which\nexpose an oxidized fault zone striking about north 20 degrees west and dipping 20\ndegrees westward. The fault zone is about 2 feet wide, with a poorly defined footwall and\na hangingwall of grey microdiorite. The footwall is brecciated and heavily oxidized for\na visible depth of 7 feet. A minor northeasterly fault cuts the zone and may displace it\n2 or 3 feet downwards to the northwest. A chip sample taken across 18 inches where\nthe northeasterly fault cuts the footwall breccia assayed: Gold, 0.01 oz. per ton; silver,\n0.1 oz. per ton; copper, 1.5 per cent. Malachite was the only copper-bearing mineral\nseen in this oxidized material. The shallow-dipping fault has been exposed by stripping\nfor 120 feet south-southeast. Forty feet farther in this direction, unmineralized micromonzonite is exposed.\nImmediately west of the adits twenty-two vertical holes spaced at 50 and 100 feet\nhave been diamond drilled in a drift-covered area measuring 400 feet westerly and 300\nfeet from north to south. From the southernmost adit, the mineralized zone dips uniformly west-southwest at 15 degrees for a horizontal distance of 350 feet. It achieves a\nmaximum thickness of 20 feet, 110 feet from the adit, and is about 5 feet thick and of\npoor grade where intersected by the deepest hole. The zone splits into two shoots 100\nfeet due west of the northern adit. In the northernmost line of drill-holes showing\nmineralization, the upper flat shoot is as much as 24 feet thick. The lower one is here 9\nfeet thick, and is of limited east-west extent. The full northwestern extent of the shoot is\nnot proved; where last intersected in this direction, it is 5 feet thick, although the grade is\nnot reduced.   Closer to the adits the northern limit of mineralization is well established.\nHole No. 40, 250 feet south of the adits, intersected a further series of thin mineralized zones, apparently of low dip. Three other holes in the same area and one to the\neast of the adits showed no mineralization. Various assessment holes drilled elsewhere on\nthe property are indicated on Figure 3. 68 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nThe mineralization is principally native copper disseminated in microdiorite and\nmicromonzonite. A minor amount of chalcopyrite also occurs disseminated and occasionally in narrow stringers associated with chalcocite. Chalcocite occurs in this area to\na depth of at least 62 feet. White alteration affects some of the rock and magnetite is\npartly altered to hematite, but these alterations do not appear closely related to the\nmineralization. A trace of chalcopyrite occurs in sparse, diffuse, pink feldspar veinlets,\nwith which quartz veinlets are associated. Low-angle faulting is indicated throughout\nthe area of mineralization.\nEight short vertical holes were diamond drilled by Commercial Minerals Limited in\n1955 or 1956 in the immediate vicinity of the filled-in Grey Mask shaft, which is on the\nAmakua group, about 500 feet west of the Merritt highway. Three other vertical holes\nwere drilled 700 feet south of the shaft and penetrated picrite-basalt with sheared contacts\nagainst narrow sections of poorly mineralized microdiorite. The total drilling done on\nthe group was 1,306 feet.\nThe shaft is reported to be 28 feet deep, with a 40-foot drift to the south at the\nbottom. No mineralized material was seen on the shaft dump, but in a pit 140 feet to\nthe southwest some coarsely intergrown calcite and specular hematite, with some chalcopyrite and quartz, was seen. Another pit exposes diorite traversed by a minor fault which\ndips northwest.\nThe drilling covered an area measuring 100 feet from east to west and 150 feet\nfrom north to south, with the shaft at the northeast corner. The holes were spaced at\nintervals of 50 to 100 feet and were drilled to a maximum depth of 240 feet in diorite\npenetrated irregularly by microdiorite. Both rock types show white alteration, not\nuncommonly with calcite replacement breccia. Much of the diorite is chloritic and\ntraversed by shallow-dipping shear planes. It carries brecciated pink feldspar veins,\nwith some epidote, minor chalcopyrite, and occasional magnetite veinlets. The best\nmineralization encountered was about 10 feet of sheared diorite, partly replaced by\nminerals of the same association as in the surface pit. The evidence suggests that this\nzone near the shaft trends north or northeastward and dips to the west. Minor amounts\nof native copper occur disseminated in sheared diorite outside this zone. One thousand\nfeet southwest of the shaft a vertical hole on the Joker group intersected a 1-foot wide\nsection rich in chalcopyrite.\nOther Mineralized Localities\nThe Iron Cap mine (16), now flooded, is on the Iron Cap Crown-granted mineral\nclaim. Production was 263 tons of material containing: Gold, 0.8 oz. per ton; silver,\n1.7 oz. per ton; copper, 2 per cent. A sample of material collected from the dump\nassayed: Gold, 0.68 oz. per ton; silver, 0.7 oz. per ton; copper, 1.7 per cent. In this\nsample, pyrite exceeded chalcopyrite, whereas in most of the material on the dump the\nreverse is true. Pyrite in the wallrock of the orebody is recorded as having no appreciable gold values. The mineralization occurs in a monzonitic rock which is probably\naltered diorite. The mineralization seen on the dump is in a pink feldspar replacement\nbreccia resembling that of the Python zone. Gangue minerals include magnetite, epidote, calcite, quartz, and siderite.\nThe Iron Cap vein is 6 feet wide at the shaft; it provided ore to the 60-foot level.\nThe vein is said to be faulted 85 feet northwest of the shaft, and its continuation beyond\nthe fault has not been discovered. The fault was traced for a considerable distance to\nthe southwest by an electromagnetic survey by Berens River Mines Limited in 1952.\nThis company put down five diamond-drill holes on the Iron Cap and adjacent claims\nto the west. In all cases the conductors proved to be unmineralized faults. The locations of three of these holes are unknown. LODE METALS 69\nWork done on the Kimberley group (17) of seven Crown-granted claims between\n1904 and 1913 included driving a 200-foot adit. It is uncertain whether the three\ntrenches shown on Figure 3 are in the northern or southern of two zones referred\nto in the Annual Report for 1909 (pp. 139-140). The trenches are largely caved.\nThe central trench shows intermittent exposures of disseminated chalcopyrite and pyrite\nover a length of 450 feet. A sample of the best material seen, at a point 180 feet from\nthe southwest end, assayed: Gold, trace; silver, 0.2 oz. per ton; copper, 1.8 per cent.\nAt the southwestern end of the northern trench, pyrite and chalcopyrite are disseminated\nfor an exposed length of 110 feet. One hundred and twenty feet beyond the northeast\nend of this trench is an outcrop with lightly disseminated chalcopyrite. An outcrop at\nthe southwest end of the southern trench shows no mineralization. The rock exposed\nthroughout this area is a monzonite, in part with slender pink veins, and commonly\naltered to white rock and brecciated. Most of the exposed fractures trend north or\nnorthwest, this being the general direction recorded of the mineralized zones (Ann. Rept.,\n1909, pp. 139-140). The wide surface extent of mineralization would seem to justify\nbulk sampling in this area.\nThe Kingpin workings (18) consist of two old adits and a shaft, and some fairly\nrecent trenches. One adit is caved, and the other, 400 feet north of the first, follows an\noxidized fault zone south 45 degrees west for 40 feet. The zone is ZVz feet wide and\nis pyritous. A flooded shaft near the portal of the caved adit has a small dump of\nmicrodiorite carrying disseminated pyrite and chalcopyrite. The trenches crosscut an\narea extending 300 feet southwest of the accessible adit. One or more oxidized fault\nzones are poorly exposed, and small amounts of disseminated chalcopyrite, malachite,\nand azurite occur in the partly altered microdiorite. This area has been explored by\ndiamond drilling, and the cores are stacked in the adit.\nOther workings, including the Utopia (19), Dewey (20), and Fargo, were examined.   These three are described in Memoir 249.\nCLEARWATER*\nTrophy Mountain (51\u00b0 119\u00b0 N.W.)\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\nA large number of claims, including the Ash, Cam, and other\nAsh, Cam, etc.     groups, located in November, 1955, on the north side of Trophy\n(Goldcrest Mines   Mountain were held under option in 1956 by Goldcrest Mines Ltd.\nLtd., Ormsby       and Ormsby Mines Ltd., of Toronto.   Trophy Mountain, elevation\nMines Ltd.)        9,000 feet, is about 12 miles northeast of Clearwater station, and\nlies between the Clearwater and Raft Rivers.   A camp was established on the north side of Trophy Mountain at an elevation of 6,400 feet.    It was\nreached from Kamloops by pontoon-equipped aircraft, landing on Summit Lake, elevation 5,500 feet, thence eastward by pack-horse trail 2 miles to Discovery Hill at the head\nof Moul Creek.\nDuring the summer of 1956 exploration work was under the direction of S. W.\nWright, resident engineer, and M. E. Woakes, geologist.\nThe claims are underlain by metamorphosed sedimentary rocks ranging from quartz\nmica schists to biotite and granite gneiss and containing a few 4- to 10-foot limestone\nbeds now mostly transformed to wollastonite and brown garnet.\nThe rocks are cut by unfoliated grey to white granitic dykes and sills which tend to\nfollow the foliation planes and then cut across them. The rocks also enclose coarse\npegmatites composed essentially of quartz, feldspar, and white mica and occasional\npink garnet but no tourmaline. The pegmatites commonly have diffuse borders against\nthe schists and gneiss, and in some areas form an injection gneiss complex.    Finally,\n* By S. S. Holland. 70 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956\nall the rocks and the lode mineralization are cut by dark blackish-green andesite porphyry\ndykes a few inches to a few tens of feet wide that occupy fractures striking north 10\ndegrees east and dipping 70 degrees west. These fractures are commonly normal faults\nof small displacement.\nThe rocks strike west, and on Trophy Mountain dip dominantly to the south,\nwhereas on Discovery Hill they dip 35 degrees north. On Trophy Mountain the rocks\nare involved in overturned folds of several hundred feet amplitude and with low plunges\nnorthwestward. On Discovery Hill, however, no folding was observed; all rocks seemingly lie on a uniformly northerly dipping limb.\nSulphide mineralization outcrops on Discovery Hill, which lies north of Trophy\nMountain, on the divide between the head of Moul Creek and Raft River, between\nelevations of 6,800 and 7,075 feet. The old showings were prospected and held at one\ntime by Angus Home, of Blue River. The mineralization is a replacement by pyrrhotite,\nsphalerite, pyrite, galena, and chalcopyrite along bedding planes and is conformable with\nthe bedding. The mineralization occurs in three segments \u2014 the \"east vein,\" \"Ady\nvein,\" and \" west vein \"\u2014and has a strike length of about 3,500 feet between terminal\nexposures. It is not known, however, whether the \" veins \" represent the replacement in\neach instance of the same sedimentary bed.\nThe east vein outcrops between elevations of 6,800 and 6,890 feet and has been\ntraced along its length by open-cuts and drilling for 750 feet and down dip by short\ndrill-holes for a distance of 650 feet. The mineralization ranges up to a maximum of\n16 feet in width and averages about 7 feet. In several places the lode is cut by post-\nmineral dykes occupying faults which have displaced the mineralization 50 feet south.\nThe Ady vein, more or less along strike to the west, outcrops at an elevation of\n7,075 feet. It is exposed in surface cuts for a length of 60 feet and by three drill-holes\nalong a length of 125 feet. Assays of outcrop samples taken by the company were good\n(for example: silver, 2.9 oz. per ton; copper, 0.9 per cent; lead, 5.0 per cent; and zinc,\n10.0 per cent), but the results of drilling were disappointing.\nThe west vein, outcropping at an elevation of 6,940 feet, is exposed in surface cuts\nand explored by thirteen short diamond-drill holes.\nDuring the course of the summer the company traced the several veins by magnetometer surveys, exposed them in surface cuts and strippings, and explored them by more\nthan fifty diamond-drill holes totalling more than 10,000 feet. Most of the drilling was\non the east vein, which is the largest and most promising of the three. The company\nstates that exploration in it had indicated ore totalling 269,000 tons, having an average\nwidth of 7.2 feet and an average grade of: Silver, 0.8 oz. per ton; copper, 0.7 per cent;\nlead, 1.0 per cent; and zinc, 4.5 per cent.\nExploratory work on the property was discontinued in September.\nBIRCH ISLAND*\nFluorite-Celestite-Uranium\n(51\u00b0  119\u00b0 N.W.)    Head office, 550 Sherbrooke Street West,\nRexspar Uranium   Montreal;  mine office, Birch Island.    John W. Scott, manager,\n& Metals Mining   Birch Island.   This company's property is in the Red Ridge area,\nCompany Limited   2 to 3 miles in a straight line southeasterly from Birch Island on\nthe Canadian National Railway, 81 miles by rail or 90 miles by\nroad north of Kamloops.   The company holds 109 claims in an area which for many years\nhas been known to contain celestite, fluorite, silver-lead, manganese, and, more recently,\nuranium.   A road 7 miles long passes through the camp and connects the workings with\nthe railway at Birch Island.    The camp, consisting chiefly of three bunk-houses, office,\nand a cook-house, is 6 miles by road from Birch Island, 1 mile north of the Black\n* By E. R. Hughes. LODE METALS 71\nDiamond zone, and 1 Vz miles north of the \"A\" zone. During the first three months of\n1956 a mill-site area of 10 acres was cleared near the railway at Birch Island. In preparation for open-pit mining, timber was cut over an area of 2Vz acres on the \"A\" zone.\nNine diamond-drill holes totalling 1,409 feet were drilled in the \"B \" ore zone. Surveys\nwere conducted during the fall and early winter for the location of a crushing plant near\nthe \"A\" zone, and for a 10,000-foot aerial tramway to connect the proposed crushing\nplant with the mill-site.   No underground work was done.\nThe company reports that VA million tons of ore has been proved up in two\nmineable lenses. A letter of intent for the purchase of uranium concentrate was received\nfrom Eldorado Mining and Refining Limited late in 1956, and arrangements were then\nmade for the construction of a 750-ton mill and the development of a townsite. The\nnumber of men employed varied from seven to fourteen.\nTULAMEEN RIVER*\nSummit Camp (49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E.)\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\nCompany office, 800 Hall Building, Vancouver; mine office, Tula-\nSilver Hill meen.    Ralph J. Pronger, president;   Edward L. Borup, vice-\nMines Ltd. president and managing director.   This property is in the Summit\ncamp, 21 miles by road southwest of Tulameen.   It includes the\nold Dornberg mine (also known as the Mary E or Silver King), as well as the old Jensen\nmine.\nWork was resumed at the property on July 15th following suspension of operations\nin December, 1955. From the No. 2 level a three-compartment raise was started with\nthe object of exploring the vein between the No. 2 and No. 1 levels, a distance of approximately 500 feet. At the end of the year the raise had been driven 250 feet. At a distance\nof 127 feet from No. 2 level a sublevel was driven from the raise 120 feet westward and\n25 feet eastward on the vein. The No. 2 level main drift was extended 160 feet westward\non the vein. From the No. 3 level East drift four box-holes were driven 40 feet, each in\npreparation for stoping, and one box-hole was driven in the West drift.\nSurface construction included the erection of a large main building to provide bunk-\nhouse accommodation for forty men, with kitchen and dining-room, recreation-room,\noffice, and first-aid room. This building was completed except for the heating facilities.\nA separate dry-house was built near the main building.\nThe 50-ton mill was completed and went into production on December 6th. The\nfirst carload of zinc concentrate was shipped on December 29th. A crew of ten to thirty\nmen was employed.\nSIMILKAMEEN RIVER*\nGold-Silver-Copper-Zinc\n(49\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W.)    Roy A. Tower, Sr., manager.    This property\nRed Star is on the Hope-Princeton Highway, 32 miles south of Princeton.\n(Woodbury Mines  A D-7 tractor was used to strip overburden in the vicinity of the\nLimited) old Nos. 1, 2, and 3 level portals.   At about 700 or 800 feet south\nof the old No. 3 level, now caved, a new adit was started and was\ndriven approximately 200 feet westward and 270 feet northward in an effort to locate the\ndownward extension of the vein.   Five men were employed.\n* By E. R. Hughes. 72 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nCOPPER MOUNTAIN*\nCopper\n(49\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W.) Head office, 1111 West Georgia Street, Van-\nCopper Mountain couver. J. A. C. Ross, general manager, Copper Mountain; D. W.\n(The Granby Con- Pringle, general superintendent; G. F. Camroux, mine superin-\nsolidated Mining tendent. This company operates the Copper Mountain mine at\nSmelting and Power Copper Mountain, 12 miles south of Princeton. The company's\nCompany Limited) 17,500-kw. steam-electric power plant in Princeton supplies power\nto the mine and to the concentrator at Allenby, ZVz miles south of\nPrinceton. A branch of the Kettle Valley Railway from Princeton serves the power\nplant, mine, and concentrator.\nThe main development of the mine has been described in previous Annual Reports.\nThe exploration programme initiated in 1954 was continued in the early months of the\nyear. The results of this programme were not sufficiently encouraging, and underground\ndevelopment was discontinued. During the last quarter of 1956, work had started in\ndismantling and removing equipment from the mine. Total underground development\nconsisted of 5,327 feet of drifting and 4,171 feet of raising. Core drilling amounted to\n31,204 feet, of which 8,227 feet was for underground exploration and 22,977 feet for\nsurface exploration. A total of 20,139 feet of drilling was done with percussion machines\nto delimit orebodies underground. A total of 112,801 feet of 2Va -inch-diameter blast-\nhole drilling was done.\nOpen-pit operations were again expanded, and the output of ore from this source\namounted to 60 per cent of the total production. Pits Nos. 4 and 6 were shut down,\nand No. 8 pit was started. Wagon drills and jackhammers for open-pit mining were\ndiscarded, and were replaced with four Gardner-Denver Airtracs mounting DH-123\nmachines. This change resulted in materially reduced mining costs. The loading of\nselected material from the No. 2 level waste dump was increased, and 384,509 tons\ncontaining 0.70 per cent copper was shipped from this dump. The ore from the open-\npits and from the waste dump was loaded by power-shovels into trucks of 10- and 20-ton\ncapacity and hauled to the surface ore-bin above No. 6 portal.\nAll ore mined at Copper Mountain, both from the surface and underground, is\npassed to No. 6 level and taken from the mine in Granby-type cars hauled by electric-\ntrolley locomotives. After it is crushed in the coarse crushing plant on the surface near\nthe portal of No. 6 level, the ore is hauled 8 miles by rail to the concentrator at Allenby.\nOre produced during the year totalled 1,933,193 tons. The average tonnage milled was\n5,288 tons per day, with an average copper content of 0.703 per cent. The total production from Copper Mountain to date is 34,214,482 tons of ore.\nThe vigorous safety programme continuously conducted at this operation has been\nmost effective and has been instrumental in securing for the company and its employees\nthe most favourable accident-free record among the mines of British Columbia during the\npast ten years. The John T. Ryan Regional Safety Award for the metal mine with the\nlowest accident-frequency record was again won by this operation. The frequency rating\nfor lost-time accidents was 5.71 per 1,000,000 hours worked at the mine and 8.66 for\nthe entire operation. During 1956, 155 men were hired and 207 men either quit or were\nlaid off. The mine payroll at the year-end was 288 men, down from a high of 352 in\nApril. The total number of men at the year-end employed in all operations at Copper\nMountain, Allenby, and the power plant was 582. An emergency hospital is maintained\nat the camp, and a trained nurse and industrial first-aid attendants are available at all\ntimes. First-aid classes are held, and in conjunction therewith twenty-eight industrial\nfirst-aid certificates were awarded, as well as thirty-six senior and thirty junior St. John\nAmbulance Association awards.    Aluminium-dust therapy is available for employees.\n* By E. R. Hughes. LODE METALS 73\nA doctor visits the Copper Mountain camp twice a week and is available in emergencies.\nAn ambulance is maintained for transporting sick or injured persons to the Princeton\nGeneral Hospital, 12 miles from the mine. A local first-aid competition was held at\nCopper Mountain in the spring for company employees and their families, and trained\nteams competed in the mine-rescue and first-aid field-day held in Princeton on June 2nd.\nMine-rescue teams from Copper Mountain also competed at Cumberland on June 9th,\nand at the interprovincial meet at Nelson on September 8th. The team captained by\nLuke Kirby won the Cumberland competition and placed second in the interprovincial\ncompetition.\nHEDLEY*\nGold\n(49\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.E.) Company office, 314, 718 Granville Street,\nFrench (French     Vancouver;  mine office, Hedley.    W. B. Burnett, president;  J.\nMines Ltd.) Biggs, mine superintendent. The controlling interest in this property was acquired by The Cariboo Gold Quartz Mining Company\nLimited from Kelowna Mines Hedley Limited and the new company was formed. The\nFrench mine is on the Oregon mineral claim, about 8 miles by road from Hedley and 1 Vz\nmiles east of the Hedley-Nickel Plate road. The mine was formerly developed by\nKelowna Mines Hedley Limited from two adits at an elevation of approximately 3,900\nfeet. The adits are about 300 feet apart and are connected. Two stopes were developed\nabove the adits. Mining was continued below the elevation of the second adit, and it\nwas from here that ore was mined when the operation was closed in 1955. When underground operations were resumed on July 12th, an old adit, 120 feet long, was rehabilitated\nand enlarged, and at the end of the year it had been extended eastward an additional 429\nfeet. This old adit, at an elevation of 3,835 feet, was originally driven over forty years\nago by the Granby Company. The new development is to explore the downward\nextension of a skarn layer indicated in diamond-drill holes from the 3920 level.\nA new adit was started at an elevation of 3,785 feet, and at the end of the year this\nhad been driven 695 feet in a northeasterly direction. When completed, this adit will be\nused as the main haulage level. The exploratory work so far has given satisfactory\nresults, and the downward extension of the skarn is now known to continue below the\nnew 3785 level.\nOwing to the difficulty of reaching the new development from the old road to the\nFrench mine, work was started in November on the construction of a new road 500 feet\nlower in elevation. The new road was 90 per cent completed at the end of 1956 and\nwas in use.\nOther work consisted of 600 feet of diamond drilling; 900 feet of 4-inch pipe was\nlaid from the compressor building near the old 3920 adit to the new 3785 adit, and\na 2-inch branch line was laid to the 3835 level.    Eleven men were employed.\nOLALLA*\nManganese\n(49\u00b0 119\u00b0 S.W.)    Company office, 1011 Rogers Building, 470\nOlalla Mines       Granville Street, Vancouver.   W. W. Geminder, manager.    This\nLimited property is 6 miles by road west of Olalla, at an elevation of\napproximately 5,000 feet. In 1956 a road was built to the showings on the Olalla No. 2 mineral claim, and a drift was driven 196 feet northward into\nthe bedded manganiferous chert zone. Several shipments of the mined material were\nmade for testing purposes.    Five men were employed.\n[Reference:  Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1955, pp. 42-43.]\n* By E. R. Hughes. 74 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956\nFAIRVIEW CAMP*\nSilica-Gold\n(49\u00b0 119\u00b0 S.W.)    G. S. Ogilvie, property superintendent.   This\nFairview (The Con- mine is about 5 miles west of Oliver.   Quartz is mined and shipped\nsolidated Mining    to Trail for use as flux in the smelter.   The quartz contains a small\nand Smelting      amount of gold and other metals.   The ground is difficult to hold\nCompany of       in shrinkage-stope mining and large pillars are left to support the\nCanada, Limited)   ground.    Drifting on No. 3 level, raising from No. 6 level to\nNo. 3, and the commencement of mining above No. 3 level constituted the main development in 1956.    No. 6 level is the lowest adit and the haulage\nlevel, near the portal of which are the dry-house, blacksmith-shop, ore-bin, and compressor-house.    Electrical power is obtained from the West Kootenay Power and Light\nCompany Limited.   Total development consisted of 382 feet of drifting and crosscutting,\n978 feet of raising, and 82 feet of diamond drilling.   Operations were continuous throughout the year, and 34,500 tons of quartz was shipped.   Twenty-four men were employed.\nIn addition to the rock shipped from the Fairview mine, 17,356 tons of tailings\nwere shipped from the dump at the old Morning Star mill 2 miles west of Oliver.\nBEAVERDELL*\nSilver-Lead-Zinc-Cadmium\n(49\u00b0 119\u00b0 S.E.)    Company office, 604, 789 West Pender Street,\nHighland-Bell      Vancouver;  mine office, Beaverdell.    K. J. Springer, president,\n(Highland-Bell     Toronto;  O. S. Perry, manager;  J. DeYaeger, mine superinten-\nLimited) dent;  A. D. Coggan, mill superintendent.    The No. 4 adit is at\n3,974 feet elevation on Wallace Mountain, east of the main camp\nat Beaverdell, and is the main haulage level for the upper mine.   There were no new\ndevelopments at the upper workings, where full production was maintained.    The output\nwas of already developed ore and the cleaning-up of old stopes.\nThe new or lower mine is serviced from the 2900 level, which is about Wz miles\nby road northeast of the office at Beaverdell and 700 feet below the No. 10 level in the\nupper mine.   The upper and lower workings are not yet connected.\nThe extensive development programme at the lower mine was successful in locating\nand opening up the faulted extension of the orebody. The 2900 adit level was extended\nto 6,000 feet, and an additional raise was put up to the 3000 level to facilitate ventilation.\nThis development also included 710 feet of drifting and crosscutting on the 3000 level,\nof which 307 feet was in ore. Diamond drilling indicated the downward extension of\nthe ore in the altered zone to the 2900 level. There was no production from the lower\nmine except from development work.\nAdditions to surface machinery and equipment included three Holman T60R 500-\ncubic-feet-per-minute electrically driven compressors, a compressor-house, and a machine-\nshop at the lower mine. Two Caterpillar diesel-electric generating sets, with a combined\ncapacity of 575 kw. were installed at the mill to supply power to the mill and to operate\nthe compressors at the 2900 level. A transmission-line 8,000 feet long was built to\nconnect the mill with the 2900 level.\nThe ore from the upper mine is trucked to the mill, which is adjacent to a spur of\nthe Canadian Pacific Railway at Beaverdell. Development in all parts of the property\nconsisted of 1,298 feet of drifting and crosscutting, 1,014 feet of raising, and 6,209 feet\nof diamond drilling. The total ore milled was 14,322 tons. At the end of the year\nforty-four men were employed, of which twenty-three were underground.\n* By E. R. Hughes. LODE METALS 75\nGREENWOOD*\nCopper\n(49\u00b0  118\u00b0 S.W.)    B. W. Newkirk, president, Toronto.    J. W.\nGreyhound McLeod, manager, Greenwood.    This property consists of thirty\n(Salamet Mines     claims in the Deadwood camp area, 2Vi miles by road west of\nLimited) Greenwood.    It was formerly owned by Salmo Prince Mines\nLimited, which retains a minority interest in the present company.    Surface diamond\ndrilling was continued, and in 1956, 13,954 feet of drilling was done.    In addition, the\nold Greyhound shaft was rehabilitated and a geophysical survey was conducted.   Thirteen\nmen were employed.\n(49\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.W.)    Head office, 1024, 85 Richmond Street West,\nMother Lode       Toronto; company office, 301, 980 West Pender Street, Vancou-\n(Woodgreen Copper ver.    S. B. Landell, president, Toronto;   Hogan and McCuaig,\nMines Limited)     consultants, Montreal;   M. H. MacLeod, manager, Greenwood.\nIn December the name of the company was changed from Surety\nOils & Minerals Limited to Woodgreen Copper Mines Limited.   The diamond-drilling\nprogramme started in October, 1955, was continued into March, 1956, and 7,000 feet\nwas drilled.   A contract was let to McClay Construction Company to construct a 1,000-\nton concentrator near the old Mother Lode glory-hole.   The concentrator was completed\nand put into operation on January 26th, 1957.    Other surface work included the preparation for open-pit mining of ground between the concentrator and the rim of the Mother\nLode glory-hole.    Seventy-four men were employed.\n(49\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.W.)    Company office, 800 Hall Building, 789 West\nCopper Queen      Pender Street, Vancouver.    S. H. Davis, manager.   This property\n(Aztec Exploration is in the Copper Camp area, 7 miles by road west of Greenwood.\nLtd.) During the last three months in 1956 the company conducted an\nexploration programme which included geophysical surveying and\ndiamond drilling.    One diamond drill was used on a two-shift basis and seven holes were\ndrilled, totalling 1,000 feet.    Seven men were employed.    Work was discontinued on\nDecember 11th.\nPHOENIX*\nCopper-Gold-Silver\n(49\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.W.)    Company office, 1111 West Georgia Street,\nPhoenix Copper    Vancouver; mine office, Davis Block, Grand Forks.    L. T. Postle,\nCompany Limited   president; J. H. Parliament, manager.   This company was incorporated on July 1st.    Prior to the new incorporation, exploration\nand development was done by the parent company, The Granby Consolidated Mining\nSmelting and Power Company Limited.    The company holds twenty-seven Crown-\ngranted mineral claims, nine located claims, and one leased claim in the Phoenix area,\n5 miles east of Greenwood, and 9 miles northwest of Grand Forks.    Exploration and\ndevelopment work done on the property consists of 2,566 feet of diamond drilling and\nthe stripping of 25,360 cubic yards of overburden.\nFoundations were excavated for a 500-ton concentrator near the old Phoenix war-\nmemorial monument, and construction was completed of the following: Dry-house and\nfirst-aid room, warehouse and office, machine-shop, compressor-house, core-shed, tool-\nshed, and explosives magazine. No living accommodation is to be provided at the mine.\nIn addition to the construction company's crew, nine men were employed.\nEHOLT*\nCopper\nNoranda Exploration Company, Limited.\u2014(49\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.W.) Head office, 44\nKing Street West, Toronto.    Under the direction of M. M. Menzies, exploratory work\n* By E. R. Hughes. 76 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956\ncontinued on an extensive block of claims near Eholt. Magnetometer, self-potential,\nand geochemical surveys were made, and all showings and outcrop areas were geologically\ninvestigated.\nROSSLAND*\nGold-Copper\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.W.) Company office, 614 West Pender Street, Van-\nVelvet (Mid-West couver; mine office, Rossland. M. Maxwell, president; A. G.\nCopper & Uranium Pentland, director and consultant; C. H. Hewat, manager.   Capi-\nMines Ltd.) tal: 4,000,000 shares, 50 cents par value. This company owns\nthe old Velvet mine on the Rossland-Cascade Highway, 13 miles\nwest of Rossland. Former operators had developed the steeply dipping Velvet vein by\na vertical shaft and a lower adit, No. 8, which was connected by raises to No. 6 level,\nthe bottom shaft level. Most of the past production was from above the No. 4 level.\nThe present owners started development work in 1955.\nA new vein, or possibly the extension of the Velvet vein, was located on No. 7\nlevel. Chalcopyrite mineralization was quite massive where encountered, but the walls\nwere indefinite and the orebody is difficult to delineate. Service raises were driven from\nNo. 8 level, but a positive extension of the orebody to this lower level was not found.\nOn No. 3 level four veins were located in the footwall, parallel to the old worked-out\nVelvet vein. These are known as the Dick Rowe, Bunkhouse, H.W., and Staff House\nveins, and are 60, 130, 190, and 320 feet respectively from the Velvet vein. Not much\nwork was done on them, other than to establish their position by diamond drilling and\ncrosscutting. The Dick Rowe vein appeared to be the most promising of these veins,\nand in December a crosscut was started on No. 4 level to explore at this lower horizon.\nNo. 8 level was slashed to main-haulage width, and battery locomotives were\ninstalled. A main ore-pass raise was driven from No. 8 level to connect with the bottom\nof the vertical shaft at No. 6 level. One hoisting compartment of the shaft was retim-\nbered as an ore-pass from No. 6 to No. 3 level. This permitted the handling of all ore\nfrom the upper levels, where it previously had to be hoisted.\nNear the portal of No. 8 adit a crushing plant was built. The crushed ore was\nlowered by a gravity tram to a new 150-ton mill erected in the bottom of Sheep Creek\nvalley. Machinery for crushing and concentrating was obtained from the Whitewater\nmill at Retallack. The tram came from the Lucky Jim mine at Zincton. Electric power\nwas supplied by the West Kootenay Power and Light Company Limited. Milling started\nat the end of November. The concentrates were trucked to Northport, Wash., for rail\nshipment to the Tacoma smelter.\nA new compressor-house was built near the No. 8 portal, and a new access road\nwas built to this site. The old camp near the shaft headframe continued to be used for\nliving-quarters.   The crew was increased to forty-five by the end of 1956.\n(49\u00b0  117\u00b0  S.W.)    Company office, P.O. Box 659, Rossland.\nSnowdrop Warren Crowe, president and manager.    Capital:   1,000 shares,\n(Snowdrop Mining $10 par value. This company controls the Snowdrop, Gold King,\nCompany Ltd.) and Concordia Crown-granted claims about 1 mile west of Rossland. A narrow quartz vein in fine-grained massive volcanic rock\nhas been developed by two short connecting adits and a small amount of stoping. In the\nlast two years, work has been concentrated in following seams in the altered volcanic\nrock near the vein where high-grade pockets of gold have been encountered. In 1955\none such pocket was located about 100 feet from the portal of the upper adit. An additional 75 feet of drifting was done in this area in 1956. Another 35 feet of exploratory\ndrifting was done in the east part of the upper level. However, no pockets of gold similar\nto that found in 1955 were found.\n* By J. W. Peck. LODE METALS 77\nOn the surface a mill building 18 by 24 feet was erected, but no machinery was\ninstalled.   Two men were employed.    No shipments were made.\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.W.)    Company office, 605 Howe Street, Vancouver.\nO.K., Midnight,    S. A. Liening,  Seattle, Wash., president.    Capital:    5,000,000\nI.X.L. (Midnight    shares, $1 par value.   This company was formed late in 1956 to\nConsolidated       develop a group of old Crown-granted claims west of Rossland.\nMines Ltd.)        The main workings are on the Midnight, I.X.L., and O.K. claims\nand are accessible by a road \\Vz miles long which leaves the\nRossland-Cascade Highway one-quarter mile west of Rossland.    A small crew was\nemployed on development work in December.    Previous to this the former owner of\nthe Midnight, B. A. Lins, rehabilitated the lower levels;  while at the O.K. a lessee,\nM. Doran, completed 48 feet of drifting.\nCRESCENT VALLEY*\nUranium\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.W.)   The Lucky Boy group of five claims was located\nLucky Boy in 1955 and 1956 by F. F. Esovoloff, of Thrums. The claims are\n1 Vz miles northwest of Crescent Valley and cover much of a rocky\nridge between that community and Gander Creek. Two showings are close to the axis\nof the ridge at about 3,500 and 4,000 feet elevation respectively.\nThe country rock is a pegmatitic syenite consisting predominantly of coarse-grained\nfeldspar with very minor quartz and muscovite and contains scattered inclusions of gneiss.\nIt is buff-coloured on fresh surfaces but weathers reddish. A large part of the syenite\nhas been more or less sheared. Quartz also occurs as scattered blocks of fist size and\nlarger. Some quartz blocks are isolated in the syenite, while others are clustered in\npatches which are generally small but may reach several hundred square feet in area.\nThe two showings are two of these patches, which are much larger than the rest and\ncontain black uranium and niobium-bearing minerals and football-sized masses of\nmuscovite in addition to quartz and feldspar. The showings are about 1,000 feet apart\nhorizontally. The higher one had had no work done on it when visited in May, but its\ndimensions were estimated to be no more than 50 by 100 feet and its grade comparable\nwith the lower showing.\nThe lower showing is a triangular patch about 2,500 square feet in area in which\na shallow cut has been blasted. The black minerals are sparingly and irregularly distributed, partly as nearly solid chunks as much as 2 inches across, but much more\ncommonly as minute grains disseminated through feldspar. These grains are scarcely\nvisible with a pocket lens, but their presence is indicated by reddening of the feldspar, by\nan increase in specific gravity, and by radioactivity. The buff feldspar grades to brick-red\nand reddish-brown with increase in black minerals, and with a little practice this reddening can be distinguished from that due to weathering. Only minor amounts of black\nminerals occur in quartz and muscovite. Estimation of grade would require bulk sampling, but this showing does not appear to contain more than 1 per cent of black minerals.\nAt least two black minerals are present; one is ilmenorutile, the other probably\nsamarskite. They are indistinguishable in hand specimen, and their relative proportions\nare unknown. Essentially all the uranium should be in the samarskite. A chunk that\nwas apparently largely samarskite assayed: Uranium oxide, 6.8 per cent; thorium oxide,\n2.5 per cent; niobium, 25.7 per cent; tantalum, 9.8 per cent.\nNELSONf\nGold-Copper\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.)    The Bil Mecky is one of four recorded claims\nBil Mecky, Archer staked on a new showing which was uncovered when a mudslide\nremoved the overburden from the hillside above the Nelson-Trail\n* By G. E. P. Eastwood,\nt By J. W. Peck. 78 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nHighway, about 6 miles west of Nelson. The claims are owned by W. Koncewicz, of\nCastlegar, who also has applied for a lease from the Crown on the adjoining Archer\nCrown-granted claim. On the Bil Mecky a quartz vein in granodiorite was exposed at\nan elevation of 2,250 feet, or 350 feet vertically above the highway. It was 7 feet wide,\nwith a north-south strike and a nearly vertical dip to the west. It was sparsely mineralized\nwith pyrite.   A sample taken across the vein assayed:  Gold, nil; silver, nil.\nOn the Archer a narrow band of limy and siliceous sediments in granodiorite was\nexplored many years ago by an adit 20 feet long which dipped 15 degrees into the hillside\nfollowing the sediments. The band of sediments in the adit is 3 feet wide and is mineralized with small lenses of chalcopyrite. A sample taken across the band assayed: Gold,\ntrace; silver, 0.2 oz.; copper, 0.47 per cent.\nCopper\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.) J. Norville, of Toronto, owns a large group of\nQueen Victoria claims near Beasley, including the Queen Victoria. A road \\Vz\nmiles long leads to the property from a point on the Nelson-Trail\nHighway about 7 miles south of Nelson. A contact metamorphic deposit has been\ndeveloped chiefly by a large open-pit (elevation, 2,750 feet), from which shipments were\nmade over forty years ago to B.C. Copper Company smelter at Greenwood. The area\nback of the pit was diamond drilled in 1955. In the latter half of 1956 the Finley\nCompany, of Reno, Nev., obtained an option. The road was repaired, a service building\nwas erected, and a portable compressor installed. Ore remnants in the pit area were\nremoved and trucked to the Kenville mill. The grade was about 1 per cent copper.\nMore than 1,900 tons was milled, but 500 tons was left on site when weather forced\na cessation of activity.   Ten men were employed in this work.\nSilver-Copper\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.) Company office, K.W.C. Block, Baker Street,\nEureka (Copper     Nelson.     F.   C.  Buckland,  president  and  manager.     Capital:\nLeaf Mines        3,000,000 shares, $1 par value.   This company owns the Eureka\nLimited) mine on Eagle Creek and the Kenville mill at the old Granite\nPoorman mine.   The mill is 7 miles by road west of Nelson, and\nthe Eureka mine is 23A miles farther by steep road.    The mine is developed by two\nconnected adit levels and a raise to surface from the upper adit.    It was last worked\nin 1953.\nEarly in 1956 the upper or 250 level, which has been inaccessible for many years,\nwas rehabilitated. Work was then concentrated in the south end of the workings, where\nformer operators in 1917 had prepared a section 250 feet long for shrinkage stoping.\nThe ore zone here is about 8 feet wide and is a remnant of calcareous sediments in granite.\nQuartz, chalcopyrite, galena, and native silver are the visible minerals. The zone is cut\noff by a fault at the south end. Three stopes totalling 110 feet long were carried up\na short distance. A narrow, but richer, orebody was also mined from a sublevel above\nthe bottom or 450 level, and a stope was carried up to the sill pillar on the 250 level.\nThe total mined from the two levels amounted to about 3,000 tons. A battery locomotive\nwas used for haulage on the 250 level, while a new Mancha 30-horsepower diesel locomotive was provided for the 450 level. Utility buildings were erected at the 250 portal.\nMining ceased in August.\nWork was also done in the vicinity of the old Star shaft, which had been sunk on an\norebody similar to that developed in the south end of the Eureka 250 level, a point 1,500\nfeet north on strike. Four holes totalling 1,600 feet were drilled from surface in an\neffort to correlate results obtained from two holes drilled in 1938. The ore encountered\nwas reported to be similar in grade to that in the Eureka but with greater widths.\nDiamond drilling was also done on the Jack Pot, Dundee, and M.S. claims. LODE METALS\n79\nThe Kenville mill operated intermittently on ore from the Eureka and Queen Victoria\nmines. Custom ore totalling 550 tons was milled from the Silver King mine. All concentrates were shipped to the Tacoma smelter.\nIn the latter half of 1956, funds were provided by the Finley Company, of Reno,\nNev., and all operations of Copper Leaf Mines Limited were then carried on under that\nname.   The maximum number employed was forty-five.\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.) This old mine is under lease from The Consoli-\nSilver King dated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, by A.\nBurgess, M. Burgess, and O. Gowing, of Ymir. The lower or\nDandy adit, at 5,500 feet elevation, is reached by 9 miles of rough road southwest of\nNelson. This adit extends about 2,400 feet to the old Silver King vertical shaft. The\nlessees rehabilitated the level for about 2,000 feet to where old shrinkage stopes had been\nleft with broken ore when the mine last operated. This ore had become cemented and\nwas removed with difficulty. It was trucked to the Kenville mill. The concentrates\nobtained were shipped to the Tacoma smelter. Production: Ore milled, 550 tons. Gross\ncontent:  Gold, 5 oz.; silver, 4,429 oz.; copper, 14,682 lb.; lead, 600 lb.\nAbout one-half mile west of the old workings The Consolidated Mining and Smelting\nCompany of Canada, Limited, did diamond drilling to check geological and electromagnetic results obtained a few years previously. Two holes totalling 1,078 feet were\ndrilled to check an anomaly, but without success. A short access road was built to the\ndrill-sites.\nGold-Copper\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.) This Crown-granted claim and five recorded\nHungry Man       claims constitute the Star Kay group on Connor Creek, a southerly\nflowing tributary of Rover Creek. The group is owned by S. M.\nMetcalf and J. McKay, of Trail. The area is accessible by a logging-road 2 miles long,\nwhich extends from the City of Nelson power plant road to Rover Creek. From Rover\nCreek a tractor-road 2 miles long was built in 1955 on the west side of Connor Creek\nto the showings at 3,300 feet elevation. This road was impassable in 1956. The Hungry\nMan was last active in 1901, when a shaft, now caved, was sunk to a reported depth of\n65 feet to investigate a vein exposed in the schist bedrock of Connor Creek 100 feet to\nthe west. A small pit has also been sunk on the showing, and there is an open-cut 800\nfeet north on strike. No mineral shows on the dump of the shaft, but a few tons of\nselected material have been stored near the small pit. The vein, where exposed in the\ncreek bed and the open cut, strikes north 20 degrees west and dips 75 degrees to the east.\nVisible minerals are pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, bornite, and quartz. Three samples were\ntaken, as follows:\u2014\nLocation of Sample\nWidth of\nSample\nGold\nSilver\nCopper\nFt.\nGrab\n1\n6\nOz. per Ton\n0.61\n0.14\nTrace\nOz. per Ton\nTrace\nTrace\nNil\nPer Cent\n0 25\nFrom vein where exposed in creek bed near pit (not true width)\t\n0.22\n0 08\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.)    The Deer Horn group of five recorded claims\nDeer Horn is 4 miles south of Nelson on the Nelson-Salmo Highway.    It is\n(Bartlet) owned by L. Haycock, of Lumby, but was under option in 1956\nto The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada,\nLimited.   The main showings are on the Deer Horn claim, which covers in part a former 80 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nsurveyed claim, the Bartlet.   A wide shear zone containing zinc mineralization was tested\nby four diamond-drill holes totalling 1,500 feet.   The option was dropped after this work.\nSALMO*\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.) L. R. Clubine, of Salmo, owns a group of claims\nLucky Boy adjoining the village of Salmo to the west.   The Lucky Boy work\nings are west of the old Silver Dollar mine and are reached via a\nshort access road from the old Salmo-Trail Highway. A gently dipping quartz vein in\nargillite was exposed by bulldozer stripping in 1953 and 1954. The owner also started an\nadit and drove it 20 feet. Early in 1956 Silver Standard Mines Limited obtained an\noption, and two men were employed to drive the adit a further 85 feet. Close timbering\nwas required.   The option was later dropped.\nErie Creek (49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.)\nGold-Silver-Lead\nThese two recorded claims, owned by W. M. Konkin, of Salmo,\nGo Lucky, are on the north side of Grassy Creek, an eastward flowing tributary\nHard Luck of Erie Creek.   The property is reached via Ross Spur by HVi\nmiles of road up Beavervale Creek and 5 miles of trail over Grassy\nMountain. The elevation of the showings is about 6,300 feet. Narrow quartz veins\nin granite have been explored by a small amount of stripping and open-pit work. Most\nof the mineralization seen was negligible. The largest open-pit exposed a northward\nstriking vein dipping 25 degrees west. Values up to 5 ounces of gold per ton have been\nreported, but a sample taken across 2 feet, the widest section, assayed: Gold, 0.03 oz.\nper ton; silver, 2.1 oz. per ton; lead, 3.7 per cent.\nSheep Creek (49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.)\nGold\nThis mine is part of the old Reno holdings in the Sheep Creek\nNugget camp.    It is owned by A. Endersby, of Fruitvale, who has worked\nthe property intermittently for several years.    Previous production\nwas in 1954, when 124 tons was shipped.   The 1956 output was sent to the Trail smelter.\nProduction:  Ore shipped, 51 tons.    Gross content:   Gold, 31 oz.; silver, 15 oz.\nGold\nThe Queen mill of Sheep Creek Mines Limited was leased by\nQueen A. Kraft and A. MacDonald, of Ymir.   A clean-up was made of\nthe mill floor and sump. This was shipped to the Trail smelter.\nProduction:  Ore shipped, 4 tons.    Gross content:  Gold, 10 oz.; silver, 9 oz.\nIron Mountain (49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.)\nLead-Zinc-Tungsten\nHead office, Royal Bank Building, Vancouver; mine office, Salmo.\nEmerald, Jersey,    G. A. Gordon, general manager;  J. D. Little, assistant general\nDodger, Feeney    manager;   D. N. Hogarth, mine superintendent;   H. A. Steane,\n(Canadian Explo-    general mill superintendent;  R. MacLeod, superintendent, tung-\nration Limited)     sten concentrator; E. A. Erickson, superintendent, lead-zinc concentrator.   This company is a wholly owned subsidiary of Placer\nDevelopment Limited.   The Emerald, Feeney, Dodger, and Jersey mines, the tungsten\nconcentrator, and the main camp are located on the summit between Sheep Creek and\n\u2022 By J. W. Peck. LODE METALS\n81\nTailings pond from Jersey mine, Salmo River.\nH.B. mine and mill, valley of Sheep Creek. 82 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956\nLost Creek. The property is reached by two roads which leave the Nelson-Nelway\nHighway 4 and 5Vz miles respectively south of Salmo. The lead-zinc concentrator is on\nthe Nelson-Nelway Highway and is served from the mine by a series of surface and\nunderground conveyors. In the main camp an extensive townsite, comprising over\n150 dwelling units, has been developed. The average number of employees was 360,\nslightly more than in 1955.\nEmerald.\u2014This tungsten mine, for the first time, produced the minority share of\nthe ore for the tungsten concentrator. A considerable amount of this ore came from\nlarge open pits where the outcrop has been stripped for a length of about 1,000 feet.\nThe remainder came from the winze area, where an interior 32-degree inclined three-\ncompartment shaft has been sunk during the past three years to a slope distance of 2,100\nfeet below the 3800 or lowest adit. Nine levels have been established off this shaft,\nthe bottom one being 1,130 feet vertically below the 3800 level. The shaft follows close\nto the ore, which plunges southward and has the shape of a trough, formed where the\neasterly dipping contact between black argillite and limestone is cut off on the east by\ngranite. Scheelite skarn bands are found in the trough and also up limbs which extend\nas much as 100 feet above the trough. In the shaft area only the east limb has been\nproductive.    It is mined 5 to 15 feet wide by open-stope and slusher methods.\nFeeney.\u2014This tungsten mine is 800 feet north of the northern end of the Emerald\nworkings. It is served by one adit, and the ore has been mined through to surface.\nThe mine was idle in 1956. Production since the start of operations in 1951 totals\nabout 60,000 tons.\nDodger.\u2014The Dodger 4400 tungsten mine, with a portal elevation of 4,405 feet,\nis a 14- by 15- foot adit driven south 1,050 feet. A new extension of the ore zone was\nlocated in the east wall of the adit. This was stoped above and below the adit level.\nThe ore was transported by diesel trucks to the top of an ore-pass near the Dodger 4200\nportal, leading to an underground crusher on the 3800 level of the Emerald mine.\nThe Dodger 4200 tungsten mine is about 5,000 feet southwest of the Dodger 4400\nmine. A 14- by 15-foot crosscut adit, with a portal elevation of 4,125 feet, has been\ndriven east for 2,500 feet. From near the end of this crosscut a drift of similar size\nextends north for 1,950 feet. The end of this drift is connected by raises and via the\n4300 level to the Dodger 4400 mine. Irregularly shaped orebodies are located above\nthe main drift. These were connected over a length of 1,500 feet and were considered\nnearly mined out by the end of 1956. The ore was removed by diesel trucks to the\nmain ore-pass just outside the Dodger 4200 portal.\nTungsten Concentrator.\u2014This mill is near the 3800 portal of the Emerald mine.\nIt can receive ore by track haulage from the Emerald mine, by conveyor from the underground crusher on the Emerald 3800 level, or by truck from outside sources. The milling\nrate averaged 17,300 tons per month, an increase over 1955. The Dodger mines provided 53 per cent of the ore, the Emerald mine 47 per cent. All tungsten concentrates\ncontinued to be sold to the United States Government under contract.\nJersey.\u2014This lead-zinc mine extends like the spread fingers of a hand through\nIron Mountain in a northerly direction from the Lost Creek slope. The ore zones occur\nin dolomitized limestone along folds which plunge gently to the south. They are irregular\nand lenticular in cross-section but relatively continuous parallel to the plunge of the folds.\nThe six ore zones now recognized are referred to as the A, B, C, D, E, and F zones.\nIn plan they are close together at the southern end of the mine, but to the north they\nare farther apart. The A or most westerly ore zone, with long axis striking almost due\nnorth, has been fully developed from near the south end of the Jersey mine to the old\nEmerald lead-zinc mine, a distance of 4,000 feet. The B, C, and D ore zones, with long\naxes striking somewhat east of north, have not been developed more than about 1,500\nfeet north of their outcrop at the south end of the mine on the Lost Creek slope.   The LODE METALS\n83\nE zone is east of the others and has been developed northward for almost 2,000 feet from\na point about 1,500 feet north of the south end of the mine. The F zone, east of and at\na lower elevation than the E zone, was developed during 1956 near the eastern end of\nthe Dodger 4200 crosscut.\nThe ore zones vary greatly in thickness. At places the A zone is as much as 60 feet\nthick, whereas the E and F zones are 8 to 10 feet thick. Most of the production was\nby trackless mining through the Jersey 4200 adit, but some ore was taken out through\nan ore-pass from workings in the E zone to the Dodger 4200 crosscut. Mining was by\nroom-and-pillar method, the ore being removed by diesel trucks and shovels. Ore is\ntrucked to the top of the ore-pass beside the tungsten ore-pass near the Dodger 4200\nportal. Both ore-passes lead to the underground crusher on the 3800 level of the\nEmerald mine.\nThe following diesel equipment was in use underground: 7 Koehring Dumptors,\n1 Caterpillar DW-10 and Landis Wagon, 1 Euclid 10-ton dump truck, 3 Dart 10-ton\ndump trucks, 3 track-mounted drilling jumbos, 1 Caterpillar 212 grader, 1 Caterpillar\nD-7 bulldozer, 5 Eimco overhead loaders, 1 Trump Industrial Giraffe, and 1 LeRoi\n500D compressor.\nIn November the track area at the southern end of the ore zone was rehabilitated\nafter being shut down for three years. Ore was mined by open-stope methods and\nmoved to draw points by slushers. The main haulage was on the 4000 level, which is\nconnected to the ore-pass system above the underground crusher in the Emerald 3800\nlevel.   Battery locomotives were used.\nLead-Zinc Concentrator.\u2014This mill operated at 31,500 tons per month, or at about\nhalf capacity. The lead and zinc concentrates were shipped respectively to smelters at\nKellogg, Idaho, and Black Eagle, Mont.\nSurface Exploration.\u2014A tungsten deposit on the Invincible claim, north of the\nFeeney and west of the Dodger 4400 mines, has been under investigation for two years.\nExtensive diamond drilling, with holes several hundred feet deep, has been done.\nEncouraging results are reported.\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\nAspen Creek (49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.)\nH.B. (The Consoli\ndated Mining and\nJ. C. MacLean, property superintendent; H. G. Barker, mine\nsuperintendent; H. Chalmers, mill superintendent. The H.B. mine\nis on the west side of Aspen Creek, with the main camp located\nSmelting Company on the north side of Sheep Creek, 7 miles by road from Salmo.\nof Canada, Limited) Zinc-lead dolomite replacement orebodies have been developed by\ntwo adits connected by an interior two-compartment vertical shaft.\nThe hoistroom is on the top or 3500 level, and the main haulage is the bottom or 2800\nlevel. Long ore-pass systems extend from the 2800 level to the ore zones. All production since mining commenced in 1955 has been from above the 3300 level. Two ore\nbodies are being mined by diamond-drill blasting to slusher drifts. In plan the orebodies\nare roughly parallel to each other, about 150 feet apart, and have a rake to the south of\nabout 20 degrees. In cross-section they are lenticular, with nearly vertical sides. The\naverage width is 50 feet, and the maximum height mined is 350 feet. The No. 1 or East\norebody was developed for stoping an additional 450 feet to the south in 1956, to a total\nstoping length of about 1,000 feet. The No. 2 or West orebody was developed to a length\nof 400 feet. A new orebody was outlined by diamond drilling below the No. 1 and No.\n2 ore zones. It is a tabular body dipping about 20 degrees to the south, with a maximum\nthickness of 35 feet and a maximum width of about 200 feet. A new ore-pass system\nwas started from the 2800 level to develop this new orebody and the southern end of No.\n1 zone. The 3000 and 3200 levels were driven to connect with the ore-pass system.\nDiesel locomotives were used on the 2800 level. 84\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nDiesel locomotive, 2800 portal of H.B. mine.\nL\u00bb*te_ \"\">1f***, J\n__\u00a3__>\n::. ^S________P.' -'\n\u25a0..'\u25a0.\u25a0...\u25a0\u25a0 \u25a0\n\u25a0 '  . \u25a0\u25a0 \u25a0\u25a0' '\n':\u25a0 -: \u25a0\u25a0\u25a0\u2022'?S^-i_^SF.    ' :'         .-\u25a0\u25a0-\n\"\n...jjpp5^\n- ____*'>s_ ***'>     '               ____\nj^__K      -     ^^\n; :\n\u2014~\ni IH\n&4\n8\u00bbP ^\n*'                                          _!\nft;\nP    ^:;-*r*_., ***\u2022\"\"\n\u2022\nM\n\\   \u25a0 . .-\"\"\"\"\"^SfeaM\nm -\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0\n*   .\nUnderground repair-shop, lersey mine. LODE METALS 85\nThe milling rate averaged 36,000 tons per month, the highest in the Nelson district.\nThe number employed averaged 140.\nNELWAY*\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.) Company office, 413 Granville Street, Vancou-\nReeves MacDonald ver; mine office, Remac. W. L. Zeigler, Metaline Falls, Wash.,\nMines Limited general manager; L. M. Kinney, Metaline Falls, Wash., general\nsuperintendent; J. B. Shannon, property superintendent; J. Kozar,\nmine superintendent; J. S. Steele, mill superintendent. Capital: 3,000,000 shares,\n$1 par value. This company owns the Reeves MacDonald mine on the Pend d'Oreille\nRiver, on the Nelway-Waneta road 4 miles west of Nelway. Zinc-lead limestone replacement orebodies were mined at a steady rate of over 33,000 tons per month. The main\nhaulage is the 1900 level. At 3,500 feet from the portal the Reeves orebody, which has\nbeen responsible for most of the production, has been developed by an interior 55-degree\ninclined shaft which extends to the 2650 adit level. Some sections of this orebody are\nnow fully mined between the two adit levels. Development of the O'Donnell orebody\nwas accelerated in 1956. This orebody is about 7,000 feet from the portal on the 1900\nlevel. A 50-degree service-raise connection was made between the 1900 level and the\nold O'Donnell adit, 450 feet vertically above. The O'Donnell adit (now the 2350 level)\nwas last worked in 1929 and contained about 900 feet of drifting and crosscutting.\nSublevels were established off the service raise at 1970, 2050, 2100, 2200, 2250, and\n2300 levels. The 1970 level was established as a main scram drift, and the ore was\nremoved by blasting to pillar slots above this drift, similar to the mining method in the\nReeves orebody. By the end of 1956 the O'Donnell was producing a steadily increasing\nproportion of the total ore mined.\nExploration was started on the Reeves orebody below the 1900 level. The 52-\ndegree inclined shaft which was sunk in 1953 to the 1500 level was unwatered. The\norebody was followed by a drift for 300 feet on the 1500 level and slashed to its limits\nas much as 60 feet wide. Other exploration was in the B.L. section. The B.L. orebody\nis thought to be a faulted upper section of the Reeves orebody and should bottom at the\n2350 level horizon. Work ceased in 1953 after drifting 600 feet on the 2350 Reeves level\nto explore this area. In 1956 this drift was driven another 600 feet, which should put\nthe face close to the objective.\nThe mill was enlarged to include a regrind ball mill. Mill-heads averaged about\n4.4 per cent zinc and 1.2 per cent lead. Concentrates continued to be shipped to smelters\nin the United States.   The crew remained fairly steady at 130.\nBOUNDARY LAKE*\nCopper\n(49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W.) This property, owned by L. R. Clubine, of\nCopper Queen Salmo, is on the north side of Monk Creek, an easterly flowing\ntributary of Priest River which flows south into the United States.\nThe property is accessible from Porthill, Idaho, by 26 miles of road to a point 3 miles\nwest of Boundary Lake, whence a trail about 4 miles long extends to the showings at an\nelevation of 5,500 feet. The main showing is a spectacular iron-stained quartz outcrop\nwhich has been exposed by stripping and open-cut work on the east bank of an unnamed\nsoutherly flowing tributary of Monk Creek. The quartz has been exposed over a width\nof 50 feet. It occurs roughly at right angles to the strike of greenstone schist and dips\n80 degrees south. Visible minerals are quartz, chalcopyrite, hematite, sericite mica,\nmalachite, azurite, and minor bornite.   The best part of the showing is a 20-foot-wide\n* By J. W. Peck. 86\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nsection at the south end of the stripping, and from it a small dump of massive chalcopyrite has been sorted. An open-cut has been made 700 feet south on another iron-\nstained outcrop. This showing contained quartz stringers, but other minerals were\nnegligible. Most of this work was done several years ago; in recent years the owner\nhas paid cash in lieu of assessment work.\nFive samples were taken, as follows:\u2014\ngd\nLocation of Sample\nWidth of\nSample\nGold\nSilver\nCopper\nSouth end of main stripping..\nNext to and north of sample 1-\nNext to and north of sample 2~\nSmall cut 7 feet east on strike of sample 1\t\nSmall dump at cut 700 feet south of main stripping_\nFt.\nOz. per Ton\nOz. per Ton\n10\n0.01\nNil\n10\n0.01\nTrace\n10\nNit\nNil\n5\nTrace\nNil\nGrab\nNil\nNil\nPer Cent\n0.15\n0.17\n0.048\n0.006\n0.01\nSOUTH KOOTENAY LAKE*\nNext Creek (49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W.)\nGold-Silver-Lead-Zinc\nThis mine is on Wall Mountain, 18 miles by road from Tye.   The\nSpokanet Spokane, Spokane No. 1, Snowslide, Tramline, Fraction No. 1\nFraction, and Fraction No. 2 Fraction claims are owned by K. K.\nLaib, of Bayonne, who has worked the property intermittently for many years. The last\nproduction was in 1954. In 1956 a lease and option was given to Dennis G. White, of\nNelson. A steeply dipping quartz vein in granodiorite has been developed by several\nadits, the main one being No. 4, which is at the upper terminal of a small tram-line.\nA new adit, No. 5, was driven 120 feet as a crosscut in 1949. This was extended 52 feet\nto reach the vein. In a drift 12 feet south of the crosscut the vein was reported to be\n18 inches wide. Three carloads of ore were mined from above the No. 4 level. This ore\nwas trucked to Tye and thence shipped to the Trail smelter.\nA considerable amount of repair work had to be done on the road. Five men were\nemployed until October, when weather forced a shut-down. Production: Ore shipped,\n97 tons.   Gross content:  Gold, 24 oz.; silver, 313 oz.; lead, 9,124 lb.; zinc, 1,408 lb.\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\nSanca (49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W.)\nLakeview (Blumont\nMines Ltd.)\nHead office, Rogers Building, Vancouver, and 307 Sixth Avenue\nWest, Calgary, Alta.; mine office, Boswell. In January, 1956, this\ncompany optioned the Lakeview mine property of five claims from\nE. G. Timmons, of Boswell. The claims are on the east shore of\nKootenay Lake, immediately south of Sanca Creek.\nThe occurrence consists of lenses of quartz and calcite, mineralized with galena and\nsphalerite with minor chalcopyrite, in a northerly trending shear zone in a roof pendant of\nCreston quartzite and siliceous limestone within quartz diorite of the Bayonne batholith.\nThe mine has been developed by a shaft and three drifts. The shaft collar is at an\nelevation of 1,940 feet, 40 feet east of the Creston-Kootenay Bay Highway, one-half\nmile south of Sanca Creek bridge. No. 1 level, 30 feet below the shaft collar, extends\nas a drift for a distance of 380 feet, and No. 1 sublevel, 60 feet below the collar, extends\nas a drift for a distance of 175 feet.   No. 2 level, at the shaft bottom 90 feet below the\n* By J. E. Merrett, except as noted.\nt By J. W. Peck. LODE METALS\n87\ncollar, is connected to the surface by a crosscut 240 feet in length; drifting extends 170\nfeet to the north and 628 feet to the south. In past years, stoping has been done and\nshipments of ore were made to the Trail smelter. In 1956 a crew of three men drove\n400 feet of drift on the south heading of No. 2 level.   No ore was shipped.\nBoswell (49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W.)\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\nThis property, comprising six located claims, is on a steep moun-\nHope tainside one-quarter mile east of Dark Canyon Creek, the first\nsouth-flowing tributary of Akokli Creek east of its mouth.    The\nclaims were located by N. E. Bainbridge, of Boswell, and optioned to W. Schwartzenhuer,\nof Castlegar.\nAccess to the property from the Creston-Kootenay Bay Highway is by \\Vz miles\nof road up Akokli Creek and 2.4 miles of trail by way of and beyond the pack-trail\nleading to the Copper Canyon mine, formerly operated by the United Lode Mining Co.,\nLtd. A new access road, suitable to four-wheel-drive vehicles, is under construction,\nand 1.3 miles of it has been completed.\nThe main mineral occurrence is at an elevation of 5,000 feet on the steep south\nslope of the mountain and is a galena-bearing quartz vein ranging in width from 1 inch\nto 2.3 feet over an exposed length of 200 feet. The vein strikes north 12 degrees west\nand dips 77 degrees east, and is in folded, thinly bedded white limestone of the Dutch\nCreek formation. At the upper or north end the vein pinches to a fracture, and at this\npoint the white limestone merges with a less thinly bedded zone of blue-grey limestone.\nGalena occurs in bands and pockets within the quartz and in minor concentrations in\nthe bedding planes of the limestone adjacent to the vein. Minor scattered disseminations of galena are in the blue-grey limestone beyond the end of the vein.\nDevelopment work included the stripping of the vein, excavation of an open-cut,\nand construction of the road and trail.\nFour samples assayed as follows:\u2014\nSample\nNo.\nLocation\nWidth\nGold\nSilver\nLead\nZinc\n1\nFt.\nGrab\n2.3\n2.0\n1.5\nOz. per Ton\nTrace\nTrace\nTrace\nNil\nOz. per Ton\n5.2\n11.3\n5.8\n6.0\nPer Cent\n9.8\n19.0\n11.4\n9.7\nPer Cent\n26.4\n2\n18.7\n3\n17 9\n4\n7.2\nNORTH KOOTENAY LAKE*\nCrawford Creek (49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.)\nCopper\nThis property, comprising sixteen located mineral claims, is held\nUnited Copperf    by F. W. Cartwright and S. F. Williams, both of Nelson.   It is at\nan elevation of 6,900 feet on the west side of Cogle Pass, on the\ndivide between Sawyer Creek, a tributary of Crawford Creek, and Blueberry Creek, a\ntributary of St. Mary River.\nAccess to the property from Crawford Bay on the Creston-Kootenay Bay Highway is\nby road 10 miles up Crawford Creek to the mouth of Sawyer Creek. From this point a\nsteep pack-trail follows the north side of Sawyer Creek a distance of 4 miles to Cogle Pass.\n* By J. W. Peck, except as noted.\nt By J. E. Merrett. 88\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nThe mineral occurrences are quartz veins containing minor amounts of chalcopyrite and galena in laminated argillite of the Dutch Creek formation. The veins follow\nthe bedding planes of the argillite.\nThe principal showing is a semi-continuous quartz vein, outcropping in a small\nstream and on a bluff face 150 yards west of the pass. This vein strikes north 30 degrees\neast and dips 57 degrees eastward. Surface stripping has indicated a length of approximately 1,000 feet. At one exposure it was noted that the vein was not continuous, and,\nas surface stripping is not complete, it is possible that other breaks may occur. At its\nwidest point the vein is 8.2 feet wide. It pinches to a width of 1 foot at the north end and\nto a few inches at the south end. The average width is 3.5 feet. Six samples assayed\nas follows:\u2014\nSample\nNo.\nLocation\nWidth\nGold\nSilver\nCopper\nLead\nZinc\n1\n2\nCreek cut 180 feet north of crosscut \u2014\nFt.\n0.65\n8.2\n6.4\n3.0\n4.5\n3.6\nOz. per Ton\n0.03\nTrace\n0.01\nTrace\nTrace\nNil\nOz. per Ton\n0.7\n0.1\nTrace\n0.2\nTrace\n0.9\nPer Cent\n0.047\n0.75\n0.43\n1.2\n0.51\n0.45\nPer Cent\n0.05\nTrace\nTrace\n0.18\n0.29\nPer Cent\n3\n4\n5\n6\n25 feet south of No. 3  \t\n50 feet south of No. 3\t\n75 feet south of No. 3\t\n0.04\n0.04\nApproximately 1,000 feet west of the upper vein and 500 feet lower in elevation,\nsurface stripping has been done at intervals on a quartz vein system parallel to the main\nvein.  No samples were taken as the owners reported that the assay values were low.\nParallel to and approximately 500 feet west of the second vein system a series of\nopen-cuts and five small drifts have been made on a similar occurrence of semi-continuous\nquartz veins which extend nearly half a mile across a basin. Where exposed the veins are\nshort and irregular. Widths vary from 2 inches to 2 feet along strike lengths of 5 feet.\nMineralization is also irregular, but with larger local concentrations of chalcopyrite than\noccur in the main vein. Because of these irregularities and the large intervals between\nexposures, representative sampling did not appear feasible.\nSilver-Lead\nThis property of two located mineral claims is on the northwest\nSanta Fe* slope of the ridge between Hooker and Canyon Creeks, tributaries\nto Crawford Creek.   It is owned by J. W. Mulholland, of Nelson.\nAccess to the property from Mile 10 on the Crawford Creek road is by way of 2Vz miles\nof abandoned logging-roads and 1 Vz miles of pack-horse trail.\nAn open-cut, 80 feet long, at an elevation of 5,500 feet, separated from a 15-foot\ndeep winze by an interval of 170 feet, discloses a galena-bearing quartz vein or veins.\nThis occurrence is in black laminated argillite of the Mount Nelson formation, one-\nquarter mile east of its contact with the Toby Creek conglomerate.\nIn the middle of the open-cut a section of a quartz vein was exposed for a distance\nof 25 feet, but at no point was the footwall of the vein clearly exposed. The vein strikes\nnorth 20 degrees west and dips 42 degrees eastward. In some places on the footwall of\nthe vein a narrow band of fine-grained galena and pyrite is exposed. Elsewhere the vein\ncontains a considerable amount of oxidized material. Five samples were taken in the\nopen-cut, but the winze was full of water and was not sampled. The samples assayed\nas follows:\u2014\n\u00bb By J. E. Merrett. LODE METALS\n89\nSample\nNo.\nLocation\nWidth\nGold\nSilver\nLead\nZinc\n1\nFt.\n3.2\n1.8\n2.0\n2.5\n2.8\nOz. per Ton\nNil\n0.01\nNil\nNil\nNil\nOz. per Ton\n1.1\n10.2\n3.1\n1.0\n2.3\nPer Cent\n0.14\n0.57\n0.85\n0.17\n0.16\nPer Cent\n0 08\n2\n3\n4\n5\n5 feet southeast of No. 1\t\n10 feet southeast of No. 1\t\n15 feet southeast of No. 1\t\n20 feet southeast of No. 1\t\n0.23\n0.11\n0.09\n0.08\nLead-Zinc\nJ. E. McGregor, of Port Crawford, holds by record five mineral\nDixie* claims on the east slope of the ridge west of Crawford Creek,\napproximately 2Vi miles up Crawford Creek road from the\nCreston-Kootenay Bay Highway. The deposit is a lead-zinc replacement in limestone.\nSheep Creek Mines Limited optioned the property and drilled three diamond-drill holes\ntotalling 324 feet. In addition, 25 cubic yards of material was removed in open-cut\nexcavations.\nRiondel (49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.)\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\nCompany office, Trail;   mine office, Riondel.    D. S. Campbell,\nBluebell (The Con- property superintendent; J. B. Donald, mine superintendent; T. F.\nsolidated Mining    Walton, mill superintendent.   This mine is at Riondel on a small\nand Smelting Com- peninsula on the east shore of Kootenay Lake, 6 miles by road\npany of Canada,    north of the ferry-landing at Kootenay Bay.   The ore deposits are\nLimited)* sulphide replacement bodies in a limestone band that crosses the\npeninsula and dips westward under the lake.    The Bluebell ore\nzone is in the central part, the Comfort near the north, and the Kootenay Chief ore zone\nis at the south end of the peninsula.   The early history of the property was given in the\nAnnual Report for 1949, in which year extensive development was begun.\nMining and development operations were confined to the Comfort and Kootenay\nChief ore zones, most of the work being done in the latter area. Development work\ncompleted in 1956 was as follows: 2,526 feet of drifting, 2,187 feet of crosscutting,\n5,208 feet of raising, 75 feet of shaft-sinking, and 18,734 feet of diamond drilling.\nThe major part of the drifting and crosscutting was done on the 375, 525, and\n675 levels.\nThe raising was done for mine development and ventilation purposes.\nThe No. 1 or Kootenay Chief shaft was extended 76 feet to a total slope length of\n1,876 feet.   The work on this extension was hampered by the unexpected encountering\nof a watercourse discharging water at the rate of 500 gallons per minute.   This water\nwas heavily charged with carbon dioxide.\nMost of the diamond drilling was for exploration purposes, but a large amount was\ndone in advance of the level heading faces. Drilling in advance of headings has now\nbecome standard practice in order that water-bearing fissures may be detected and adequately sealed before being reached by the development face. This practice has been\nnecessitated because of the increasing inflow of water in the mine. In December, 1956,\nthe quantity of water pumped from the mine was in excess of 2,000 gallons per minute.\nTo meet the increased pumping requirements, a fourth 150-horsepower 500-gallons-per-\nminute pump was added to the equipment at the 525 level pumping-station, and a new\n60-horsepower pump was installed at the shaft bottom.\nIn order to meet ventilating requirements, not only for normal demand, but also to\ndilute and remove the large amount of carbon dioxide entering the mine at several points,\nthe over-all mine ventilation was revised.    At the south end of the Kootenay Chief ore\n* By J. E. Merrett. 90 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nzone, connecting raises were driven from the 375 level to the surface, where an intended\nfan installation will increase the present discharge capacity from 75,000 cubic feet per\nminute to 150,000 cubic feet per minute.\nStope mining was done by conventional open-stoping methods and the ore scraped\nto draw points. A total of 41,000 cubic yards of backfill material was placed in empty\nstopes. This material was principally gravel, together with a minor amount of waste\nrock.\nSurface construction consisted of an addition to the steel-shop, a reagent storage\nshed adjoining the mill, and a new repair garage.\nThe safety programme was successful in maintaining a good record, with an accident-frequency rate of 0.08 and a severity rate of 5.8 shifts lost per thousand shifts\nworked. Mine-rescue and first-aid classes were held, and teams were entered in the\nDepartment of Mines mine-rescue and first-aid competitions held in June at Riondel.\nDuring the year Inland Dredging Ltd., of Calgary, undertook on contract to recover\njig-tailings from Bluebell Bay. These tailings, having a high zinc content, were laundered\ninto the lake during milling operations from 1900 to 1928, during which period it was\nnot economically profitable to recover the zinc. The tailings settled at the bottom of\nthe lake in two locations\u2014one at a depth of 60 feet and the other at a depth of 400 feet.\nThe dredging company recovered 3,397 tons of tailings from the shallow deposit by airlifting the material vertically to a barge, screening out the oversize pieces, and pumping\nthe tailings to settling-ponds on the shore. The tailings were then trucked to the conveyor to the mill fine-ore bin. At the year's end, preparations were being made to airlift the material from the deep deposit directly to the settling-ponds.\nThe average number of persons employed was 290, of which 155 were employed\nunderground.\nThe concentrator milled 252,523 tons of ore, of which 3,397 tons was reclaimed\ntailings.   The concentrates produced were shipped to the Trail smelter.\nHarrison Minerals Ltd., under the auspices of Brewis and White\nTarn O'Shanter,    Ltd., of Toronto, and the direction of Mid-North Engineering Ser-\netc* vices Ltd., made an extensive exploration survey of several mineral\nclaims adjacent to the Bluebell property at Riondel.   These claims\nincluded the Tam O'Shanter Crown-granted claim, the F.M. group owned by D. F. Sut-\ncliffe, the Arcon Base Metals Limited property controlled by A. Maclsaac, and other\nclaims.\nThe purpose of the exploration was to search for an occurrence of geological conditions similar to those at the Bluebell mine, in the hope that other orebodies might be\nfound. It was believed that the cross-fractures occurring at the Bluebell mine were solution channels for the replacement ore at that property. It was believed that should these\ncross-fractures or fissure veins persist up Bluebell Mountain east of the mine and cross\nsufficiently large deposits of limestone, there was a possibility of finding replacement\norebodies.\nThe work included line cutting, mapping, magnetometer surveying, and diamond\ndrilling. A total of 4,224 feet of diamond drilling was completed in fifteen holes. The\ndrilling encountered some veins, but no limestone or replacement orebodies of appreciable size were disclosed; in general, the veins, where intersected, did carry low values\nin silver, lead, and zinc.\n* By J. E. Merrett. LODE METALS 91\nAinsworth (49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.)\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\nCompany office, 525 Seymour Street, Vancouver;   mine office,\nHighlander, etc.    Ainsworth.    H. W. Knight, president;  H. D. Forman, managing\n(Yale Lead & Zinc director;  P. E. Olson, mine manager;  E. Pickard, mine superin-\nMines Limited)     tendent;  C. Anderson, mill superintendent.    Capital:   5,000,000\nshares, $1 par value.   This company controls most of the claims\nlying between Coffee and Cedar Creeks in the Ainsworth camp.   The crushing plant,\nmill, and main haulage adit are below, and the mine plant and old Highlander adit are\nabove the Nelson-Kaslo Highway, about three-quarters of a mile south of Ainsworth.\nProduction of over 5,000 tons per month was maintained, except from March 21st to\nJune 1st when the property was closed by a strike.   All ore came from the Highlander\nmine.\nThe Highlander mine is serviced by the old Highlander or 2150 level adit, and by\nthe main haulage or 1900 level adit. The 2150 level explores for several thousand feet\nthe 7-foot-wide Highlander ore-bearing shear which strikes north-south and dips 45\ndegrees west. Two orebodies, the Albion and Banker, have been developed by raises\nto the 2600 Albion adit and the 2500 Banker adit respectively. By the end of 1955 the\nAlbion orebody had been mined out above the 2150 level, and by the end of 1956 all\nmain ore pillars, including the main-raise pillar, had been removed. Below the 2150\nlevel the Albion orebody has been developed from a sublevel at the bottom of the ore-\nbody, 60 feet above the 1900 level. This area produced up to 75 per cent of the mill-\nfeed in 1956. The remainder of the ore came from the Banker section above the 2150\nlevel, where the orebody has been fully developed by sublevels off the main raise.\nExploration and development were also carried out in the old Banker shaft workings,\nwhich are connected to the 2500 adit level. Below the 2150 level the Banker orebody\nhas not been developed, but the 1900 level was steadily driven toward it during 1956.\nA new section of ore 150 feet long has been exposed in this drive.\nThe outside properties, such as the Eden and Crescent, Krao, etc., which had in\nthe past produced up to 25 per cent of the mill-feed, did not operate in 1956. Exploration at the Danira, Hector, and Firebrand was not continued. The number of employees\naveraged eighty.\nCompany office, 850 West Hastings Street, Vancouver; mine office,\nKootenay Florence Ainsworth.    H. M. Wright, president;   H. M. Turner, superin-\n(Western Mines    tendent.   Capital:  2,500,000 shares, $1 par value.   This company\nLimited) owns a large group of claims lying south of Lendrum Creek and\nastride Princess Creek. The mine plant and mill are on the Nelson-\nKaslo Highway, 2 miles north of Ainsworth. Since 1954 The Consolidated Mining and\nSmelting Company of Canada, Limited, has been carrying out an exploration programme\nwith a view to gaining eventual control of the property. A gentle arc in the beds of\nthe limestone in the vicinity of the old Lakeshore shaft has been investigated by surface\ndiamond drilling. This drilling was completed in 1956 to a total depth of 23,000 feet.\nWestern Mines Limited also conducted an exploratory programme. The area\nadjacent to the Nicolet workings was stripped with a bulldozer and sampling was done.\nStripping was also done on the Florence vein system, midway between the Florence No. 1\nadit and the north Twin drift.\nThe concentrator has remained intact since the shut-down in 1953. A clean-up\nof the lower floor was made by Fred Sonnenberg under a lease arrangement. This\namounted to 2 tons of lead concentrate, which was sent to the Trail smelter. Gross content:  Silver, 37 oz.; lead, 2,574 lb.; zinc, 150 lb.\nThis old mine, owned by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting\nHighland Company of Canada, Limited, has been idle for many years, ex\ncept for leasing operations.    It adjoins the holdings of Western 92 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nMines Limited to the southwest.    Four holes totalling 1,968 feet were diamond drilled\nto check electromagnetic results.\nCompany office, 355 Burrard Street, Vancouver. S. A. Liening,\nHercules, Silver Seattle, Wash., president; C. Lind, manager. Capital: 3,000,000\nGlance (Triumph shares, $1 par value. This company owns a group of recorded and\nMines Limited) Crown-granted claims south of Lendrum Creek and west of the\nproperty of Western Mines Limited. The Hercules, Sullivan, and\nNoranda recorded claims cover respectively the Pataha, Ellen, and Bugaboo cancelled\nCrown-granted claims. In 1954 and 1955 two fissure veins were developed by adits\nwhich are shown by a recent survey to be on the Noranda and Sullivan claims and not\non the Hercules claim as stated in previous Reports. These adits are 2.7 miles by road\nfrom the Kootenay Florence camp. In 1956 work was concentrated in the Silver Glance\nadit, 1,800 feet northwest and 380 feet lower than the closest adit on the Noranda claim.\nAbout fifty years ago the Silver Glance adit was driven 270 feet on a mineralized fissure\ncontaining silver and gold mineralization. At 70 feet from the portal there is a raise 60\nfeet to surface and a winze reported to be 38 feet deep. At 230 feet from the portal\nthere is a drift to the north 60 feet long. The adit was extended to the southeast with the\nobject of intersecting, in a drive of about 1,000 feet, the known fissure veins on the\nNoranda and Sullivan claims. A band of limestone containing encouraging concentrations of silver-lead-zinc mineralization was encountered between 662 and 712 feet from\nthe portal. When the work ceased because of winter conditions, the adit had reached\na point 821 feet from the portal. Three men were transported daily from Kaslo for\nthis work.\nThis Crown-granted claim, owned by Yale Lead & Zinc Mines\nTariff Limited, was under lease to T. Lane, of Ainsworth.   One shipment\nwas made to the Trail smelter. Production: Ore shipped, 7 tons.\nGross content: Silver, 148 oz.; lead, 6,445 lb.; zinc, 1,535 lb.\nThis Crown-granted claim is part of the Western Mines Limited\nLaura M holdings in the Ainsworth camp.   A lease was given to Fred Son\nnenberg, who made a shipment of ore collected from surface strip-\npings. Production: Ore shipped, 4 tons. Gross content: Silver, 41 oz.; lead, 2,556 lb.;\nzinc, 818 lb.\nWoodbury Creek\n(49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.)    Company office, 800 Hall Building, 789 West\nAmazon (Kaslo     Pender Street, Vancouver.    H. M. Turner, manager.    Capital:\nBase Metals, Ltd.)   3,000,000 shares, 50 cents par value.   This company owns the\nAmazon, Budwiser No. 2, Superior, and Superior Fraction claims\nat the mouth of Woodbury Creek. The last work was done in 1953, when Woodbury\nMines Limited drove the Amazon adit 860 feet on the south bank of Woodbury Creek,\njust above the Nelson-Kaslo Highway. This adit was driven an additional 185 feet in\n1956. At 990 feet from the portal the downward projection of a fissure vein exposed in\nWoodbury Creek canyon was intersected. This vein had been followed by old drift\nworkings which extended east and west from the canyon 140 and 120 feet respectively.\nA raise was driven from the Amazon adit to the west drift, 15 feet vertically above. At\n906 feet from the portal a new fissure vein was intersected. It contained 3 to 4 inches of\ngalena, and replacement extended into the walls to a width of 2 feet.\nThe mining plant was an Ingersoll-Rand 315-cubic-feet-per-minute portable compressor. Some difficulty was encountered in obtaining permission to use the surface near\nthe portal. Work ceased in November.   Four men were employed. LODE METALS\n93\n(49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.) Company office, 459 Baker Street, Nelson.\nL. N. Martini, Kennewick, Wash., president; L. D. Besecker,\nAinsworth, manager. Capital: 400 shares, $500 par value. Since\n1953 this company has been operating intermittently a custom mill\nat the mouth of Woodbury Creek.   Capacity is rated at 85 tons\nper day.   The following tonnage was treated in 1956:   Caledonia, 326 tons;  Star, 139\ntons. The Star ore had been left over from 1955.\nCan-Amer\nMining & Milling\nCompany Ltd.\nPADDY PEAK*\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.)    The Utica mine is at the head of Twelve Mile\nUtica Creek, about 15 miles by road from Kaslo.   It is owned by Utica\nMines (1937) Limited and has been under lease since 1953 to\nJ. A. Cooper, of Kaslo. The main level is the No. 7 adit, which is connected by raise to\nthe No. 4 adit. A sublevel, the No. 5, has been driven from the raise to develop two\nparallel veins known as the East and West veins. As in previous years, production in\n1956 was from the East vein. The nearly vertical vein was mined by cut-and-fill methods\nfrom No. 7 level nearly to No. 5, and from No. 5 level nearly to No. 4. The vein contained from 1 to 6 inches of galena with a high silver content. Ore was removed by horse\nhaulage via the No. 7 level. It was trucked to Kaslo and thence by barge and rail to tne\nTrail smelter and East Helena, Mont. About three men were employed. Production:\nOre shipped, 193 tons. Gross content: Silver, 18,459 oz.; lead, 39,550 lb.; zinc,\n48,122 lb.\nRETALLACK-THREE FORKS*\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\n(50\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.) The Caledonia mine is on the east side of Ros-\nCaledonia siter Creek, a southerly flowing tributary of Kaslo River.   A short\naccess road leads to the workings from Blaylock. It is owned by\nG. E. McCready, of Retallack, who has been responsible for a small but steady production for several years. An east-west fissure zone with a steep southerly dip has been\ndeveloped by surface workings and two adits. Recent production has been from the\nlower adit, which is a crosscut for 155 feet, and contains more than 350 feet of drifting\non the fissure. Stoping was done in the east end as previously. Ore was trucked to the\nCan-Amer mill near Ainsworth and also to the Trail smelter. Production: Ore milled,\n326 tons. Gross content: Silver, 3,160 oz.; lead, 30,152 lb.; zinc, 37,374 lb. Ore\nshipped, 22 tons.    Gross content:   Silver, 1,555 oz.;  lead, 25,717 lb.;  zinc, 2,791 lb.\n(50\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.) This old property at Retallack was operated by\nWhitewater        Kootenay Belle Gold Mines Limited from 1943 until 1953, when\nthe assets were taken over by Canada Trust Company. The property has since been inactive. In 1956 the mill equipment was sold and removed for use\nat the Velvet mine near Rossland. A clean-up lease was given to P. McCrory, who made\na shipment of lead concentrate to the Trail Smelter. Production: Concentrate shipped,\n4 tons. Gross content: Silver, 194 oz.; lead, 3,090 lb.; zinc, 855 lb. The mineral\nrights were acquired by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada,\nLimited.\n(50\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.) The property of Slocan Monitor Mines Limited\nMin, Cork near Three Forks was optioned to Frank McMahon, of Calgary.\nSixteen Crown-granted claims make up the property, as follows:\nKeewatis, Friday Fraction, Monitor, Hustler Fraction, Nellie Fraction, Ouray, Portland\nNo. 5, Taw Fraction, Horn Fraction, Guf, Tip, Min, Lope, West Fraction, Cork, and\nOuray Fraction.   The property adjoins Violamac ground on the north and west.   Bull-\n* By J. W. Peck. 94 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956\ndozer stripping and geological mapping were done in the vicinity of the Min and Cork\nworkings. This work indicated that a favourable situation might exist in the limy argil-\nlites on the Lope claim. A Cork adit at an elevation of 3,600 feet was rehabilitated and\na drive started southwesterly into the Lope claim. At the start of this work the dip of\nthe limy argillites was to the west, but when about 600 feet had been driven the dip had\nchanged to the east. Mining was contracted to F. P. Vanin and V. C. Hanson, who\ninstalled a small plant near the portal. This site is reached by one-half mile of road\nfrom a point on the Violamac mine road, 1.2 miles from the Three Forks-Sandon road.\nR. E. Legg, of Vancouver, is consultant.\nSANDON*\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.)   Head office, 1160 Peel Street, Montreal; mine\nSilversmith, etc.    office, Sandon.   J. A. Murphy, Montreal, president; T. R. Buck-\n(Carnegie Mines    ham, mine manager.   Capital:   10,000 shares, $1 par value.   This\nof British company owns the Silversmith, Slocan Star, Richmond-Eureka,\nColumbia, Ltd.) Ruth Hope, and Slocan King mines on Sandon Creek, south of\nSandon. A truck-road extends to all mines from the mill on the\nwestern outskirts of Sandon. In the first half of 1956 work was restricted to the driving\nof an exploratory crosscut on the No. 10 level of the Silversmith. This crosscut was\nstarted in 1955 and was driven into the hangingwall to investigate parallel vein systems\nprojected downward as the result of previous geological mapping. This crosscut, a possible 1,800 feet long and driven on a one-shift basis, was nearing its objective in\nDecember.\nIn the latter half of 1956 the Slocan Star, idle since 1953, was put into production.\nStoping and development work were carried out on the No. 3 adit level. In the Ruth\nHope mine stoping was done from a sublevel above the west end of the No. 5 adit level.\nThis latter area had been made accessible by development work in 1954, but was idle\nin 1955.\nThe mill operated in the latter half of 1956 on a one-shift basis at about 30 tons\nper day. In addition to the Slocan Star and Ruth Hope ores, 500 tons of jig tailings\nwere obtained from the site of the old Slocan Star mill at the No. 10 portal. The crew\nhad increased to over twenty by December.\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.)    Head office, 721 Eastern Avenue, Toronto.\nNoble Five, etc.    James A. Taylor, president;  D. M. Kline, consultant.    Capital:\n(Cody-Reco Mines  3,000,000 shares, $1 par value.   This company owns a group of\nLimited) claims north of Cody, including old mines such as the Noble Five,\nSlocan Sovereign, Last Chance, American Boy, and Deadman.\nA road extends from the mill at Cody to all principal workings.   The mill can also be\nserved by tram-line from the lower portals of the Noble Five and Slocan Sovereign mines.\nAs in 1955, all work was in the Noble Five mine.   This mine is serviced by a long\nadit crosscut (No. 18 level) and a 1,000-foot, vertical, interior, four-compartment shaft\nextending from this adit to No. 8 adit.   The shaft has not been used for many years, but\nseveral raises have been driven in recent years to No. 16 level, the most extensive level\noff the shaft.   In 1956 development work was concentrated on No. 18 level to the west\nof the main adit crosscut, where the projected American Boy vein shear was located in\n1955. This shear was explored by drifting 365 feet west and 113 feet east.   In the west\ndrift a raise was put up 70 feet and a sublevel 60 feet long established.   Exploratory raises\ntotalling 100 feet were driven from this sublevel.  The mineralization encountered was\nnegligible.   About 100 feet of raising was done on small stringers from the 18\/21 raise.\nThe results of this work also were disappointing.   Development work was under the\n* By J. W. Peck. LODE METALS\n95\ndirection of W. Hall, and ceased in May. Commencing in August a geological and\ndiamond-drilling programme was carried out by Mid-West Engineering Services Limited,\nof Toronto. This work was confined to Nos. 8 and 18 levels, with Grant Harper in charge.\nThe mill did not operate. The number of men employed averaged ten.\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.) Head office, 416, 25 Adelaide Street West,\nVictor (Violamac Toronto; mine office, New Denver. George A. MacMillan, presi-\nMines Limited) dent; J. C. Black, manager, western operations; W. M. Sharp,\nmanager. Capital: 5,000,000 shares, $1 par value. This company\nowns the Victor mine, 2^ miles by road northwest of Sandon, or 2*\/i miles by road\nsoutheast of Three Forks. The nearly vertical Victor vein has been developed by several\nconnected adits, the lowest being No. 9. Between No. 7 and No. 9 levels a long sublevel,\nthe 3950, was extended in 1956. This work indicates that the Victor vein has a mineralized length of about 1,400 feet and a width ranging from a crack to as much as 6 feet.\nMost of the production in 1956 came from above the 3950 level. Very little ore has been\nfound on No. 9, which is the longest level\u2014it is 4,200 feet long. One block of ore known\nas the West Victor is 195 feet long on No. 9 level. Ore search was also conducted on the\nNo. 5 and No. 7 levels.\nThe No. 10 adit, which is below No. 9 adit and on a different vein, was extended to\na length of 750 feet.   One stope was started in the best mineralized section.\nThe old Cinderella mine downhill from the Victor was reopened, mapped, and\nsurveyed. A short access road was built. This mine consists of two connected adits and\napproximately 2,000 feet of workings.\nSorted ore, which assayed over 70 per cent lead and 90 ounces of silver to the ton,\ncontinued to be shipped to the Trail smelter. Ore of milling grade continued to be\ntrucked to the Western Exploration mill at Silverton, at an average of about 1,800 tons\nper month. The grade was slightly below that milled in 1955. The number of men\nemployed averaged sixty-five.\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.)   This company is controlled by Violamac Mines\nLimited, which owns the adjoining Victor mine. The main haulage\nis the No. 4 level, which is connected by raises via a sublevel to the\nold No. 3 adit.   Exploration continued on a small scale, chiefly on\nthe sublevel where a narrow vein containing small lenses of galena\nhas been followed by a drift for a few hundred feet.   A small amount of drifting and\nraising was done on the sublevel, and a small exploratory stope was started in the best\nsection.   All services were supplied from the Violamac camp. Two men were employed.\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.) This is an old Crown-granted claim east of the\nVictor claim, about half-way along the Sandon-Victor mine road.\nIt is owned by W. D. Pengelly and associates, of New Denver and\nSilverton. Since 1954 a narrow lode containing small lenses of galena has been developed\nintermittently by the extension of an old adit. Sorted ore was trucked to the Trail smelter.\nOther ores, stockpiled since the start of operations, were milled at the Van Roi\nconcentrator.\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.) Company office, 373 Baker Street, Nelson.\nJ. R. Kenney, Chicago, 111., vice-president and manager. Capital:\n5,000,000 shares, 50 cents par value. This company owns a large\ngroup of claims southwest of Sandon, including the Wonderful.\nThe property has been idle since 1953, except for exploratory work\non a small scale. A narrow vein was exposed by bulldozer stripping a few hundred feet\nfrom the Pearson adit. An adit was started on this vein, and a few tons of galena were\nsorted out. Two men were employed. Production: Ore shipped, 10 tons. Gross content: Silver, 596 oz.; lead, 10,521 lb.; zinc, 2,050 lb.\nLone Bachelor\n(Lone Bachelor\nMines Limited)\nHinckley\nWonderful (Silver\nRidge Mining\nCompany Limited) 96 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.) This claim is near the summit of Mount Payne,\nDiscovery Fraction  north of Sandon.   It is owned by E. H. Petersen, of Sandon, who\nmade a small shipment to the Trail smelter. Previous production\nwas in 1953. Production: Ore shipped, 9 tons. Gross content: Silver, 1,035 oz.; lead,\n11,739 1b.; zinc, 4501b.\nSLOCAN LAKE*\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\n(49\u00b0  117\u00b0 N.E.)    Company office, 38 South Dearborn Street,\nMammoth, Stand-   Chicago, 111.; mine office, Silverton.   M. P. McCullough, Chicago,\nard, Enterprise,     president; A. M. Ham, Silverton, managing director; R. A. Avi-\nMonarch (Western  son, mine superintendent;  C. E. Towgood, mill superintendent.\nExploration Com-    Capital:   2,000,000 shares, 50 cents par value.   This company\npany Limited)       owns the Mammoth, Monarch, and Standard mines near Silverton,\nand the Enterprise mine on Enterprise Creek, 12V\u00a3 miles by road\nsouth of Silverton. The Monarch lode, which lies between the Mammoth and Standard\nmines, has been under development since 1952.   As a result of several thousand feet of\ndrifting and crosscutting in the Monarch adit (elevation 5,350 feet), followed by diamond\ndrilling, an orebody was indicated below the adit. The Hecla drift, on the No. 7 adit level\nof the Mammoth mine (elevation 5,040 feet), was extended to a total length of 4,000\nfeet in 1955 to reach under this orebody.   A raise was started in the hangingwall of the\nlode toward the orebody and was completed in 1956 to the Monarch adit.   A sublevel\nwas established half-way in the raise in the vicinity of the orebody.   In the Hecla drift a\nmineralized section 500 feet long was explored by several box holes, and the broken\nmaterial from the drift and the box holes was milled as a large bulk sample totalling about\n1,000 tons. The results were sufficiently encouraging to warrant the start of a diamond-\ndrilling programme to explore this orebody at depth.\nProduction started from the Mammoth mine, which had been idle since 1952. The\nmain haulage level is No. 7 adit, which is connected by a 45-degree raise to No. 9 adit\nlevel, 340 feet below. The last production was from No. 8 level, where a square-set stope\nwas carried up nearly to the mined-out block above No. 7 level. In 1956 a stope was\nstarted on No. 9 level near the main raise, and the adit was driven to a point about 400\nfeet east of the main raise. Mineralization encountered was sufficient to warrant prospecting by box holes. This development ore and the stope production, and the Hecla drift\nore, was delivered to the mill via the 16,000-foot tram-line. Electricity and compressed\nair were supplied from the company's hydro plant on Silverton Creek. The living-quarters\non site were used.\nThe Standard was idle except for leasing operations. J. Kelly and W. Postlethwaite\nobtained about 300 tons from Nos. 2, 6, and 7 levels. This ore was milled at the company's mill.\nThe Enterprise mine remained closed, but the camp is intact and a watchman is\nemployed.\nThe mill operated throughout 1956 treating Violamac ore on a custom basis. Company ore amounted to about one week's run per month. The number of men employed\naveraged thirty-five.\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.)   Company office, 511, 850 West Hastings Street,\nBosun (New       Vancouver.    R. Crowe-Swords, president.    Capital:   3,000,000\nSantiago Mines     shares, 50 cents par value.   The Bosun mine is on the east shore\nLimited) of Slocan Lake, Wz miles south of New Denver on the Nelson-\nNakusp Highway. The main haulage, No. 6 adit, is driven beneath\nthe highway from a site 40 feet above the lake.  The mine has been idle since 1953,\nexcept for a small crew engaged to unwater the winze section in 1955.   In 1956 a lease\n* By J. W. Peck. LODE METALS 97\nwas given to W. H. McLeod, of Silverton, who, with the aid of two partners, started an\nexploratory crosscut in the south centre section of the mine to investigate a vein reported\nto have been intersected by a diamond-drill hole many years ago. The crosscut was driven\nbeneath the hole, which had been drilled slightly upward. The crosscut was driven\n132 feet and an additional 35 feet was diamond drilled from the face, but no vein was\nencountered. A raise was then started to locate the exact position of the old diamond-\ndrill hole.\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.)    Company office, 532 Burrard Street, Vancou-\nVan Roi, Hewitt    ver; mine office, Silverton. W. Tattrie, mine manager; T. Leask,\n(Slocan Van Roi    mill superintendent.    Capital:   5,000,000 shares, no par value.\nMines Limited)     This company owns the Van Roi and Hewitt mines near Silverton.\nTranscontinental Resources Limited has directional control.   As in\n1955, work was concentrated in the Hewitt mine, 6V4 miles by road southeast of Silver-\nton.   On the lowest or No. 10 level, an orebody about 2,000 feet from the portal has been\nstoped in the past above the level.   In 1956 a 10- by 7-foot winze, inclined at 65 degrees,\nwas sunk in the hangingwall and a level established 100 feet vertically below No. 10 level.\nA crosscut was driven 100 feet south to reach the vein, and drifting was done east and\nwest.  This work exposed a section 95 feet long, well mineralized over drift width with\ngalena, sphalerite, and ruby silver.   Development of this ore block was in progress at the\nend of 1956.\nAbove No. 10 level a lease was given to M. Tarnowski, of Silverton, to mine remnants in the 1026 stope. Tarnowski and two partners removed 563 tons for milling at the\ncompany's concentrator.\nThe Van Roi mine and camp are one-quarter mile by road east of the Hewitt No.\n10 portal. Since 1953 the mine has been under lease to M. Slobodzian, J. W. Miller, and\nL. Fried, who are known collectively as the S.F. and M. Mining Company. Most of the\nore in 1956 came from stopes above No. 1 level and some from the winze area in the\nsouthwest end of No. 3 level. Development was started of a block of ore below the\nmined-out \" Brookes' \" stope in the extreme southeast end of No. 3 level. With company\nassistance a crosscut was driven under this ore from No. 4 sublevel. Leasing operations\nemployed as many as eight men.\nAnother lease was given in the latter half of 1956 to V. Hansen and C. Higgins\n(Higgins & Co.) to mine ore on No. 5 level in the 546 south stope. Considerable track\nand pipe had to be installed to service this area.\nThe Van Roi mill is 1 mile south of Silverton on the Nelson-Nakusp Highway. It\nhad been shut down since 1952. It was rehabilitated and milling started in March, 1956.\nIt operated on company and custom ore at a rate of 40 to 50 tons per day. The following\ntonnage was treated: \u2014 Net Tons\nA.U. (N.G.N. Partnership)         97\nVan Roi lessees (S.F. & M. Mining Co.)  3,684\nHinckley Mining Co.        96\nGalena Farm (F. Mills)      238\nWestmont (Myers & Thickett)      170\nHewitt lessee (M. Tarnowski)      563\nVan Roi lessees (Higgins & Co.)      405\nFisher Maiden (F. Mills)         75\nAustin (L. Gormley)         34\nTotal custom milling  5,362\nCompany production, Hewitt  2,049\nTotal  7,411 98 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nThe Van Roi camp, consisting of modern bunk-houses, change-house, and cookhouse, was again put into use. It had been partly stripped in 1953. The number of\nmen employed on company operations averaged twenty.\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.)    This mine is about 2 miles by road south of\nGalena Farm       Silverton.   For several years it has been leased intermittently by\nFrank S. Mills, of Silverton. A mineralized fissure, discovered in\n1955 east of the old shaft, was developed by a short adit. A well-mineralized section,\n50 feet long, was stoped to near surface. Sorted ore was shipped to the Trail smelter,\nand the lower grade was milled at the Van Roi concentrator. Production: Ore shipped,\n30 tons. Gross content: Silver, 3,315 oz.; lead, 39,619 lb.; zinc, 3,166 lb. Ore milled,\n238 tons. Gross content: Silver, 3,085 oz.; lead, 32,259 lb.; zinc, 43,034 lb.; cadmium, 278 lb.\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.)    The Noonday mine is just east of the Galena\nNoonday Farm mine.    It was under lease to K. Millar and H. Lyon, of\nSilverton, who made a shipment to the Trail smelter. Production:  Ore shipped, 5 tons.   Gross content:  Silver, 25 oz.; lead, 661 lb.; zinc, 428 lb.\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.)   The A.U. No. 1 and A.U. No. 2 are recorded\nA.U. claims adjoining the Van Roi holdings to the south and cover\n(Lucky Thought)    ground at one time known as the Lucky Thought.   The workings\nare reached by a road, 1 mile long, from a point on the Silverton\nCreek road 3 miles from Silverton. The property has been idle since 1950, but in 1956\noperations resumed under the N.G.N. Partnership of J. Nesbitt, K. Gordon, and W.\nNixon. A mineralized shear in argillite has been developed by four adits. A sublevel\nis established off a raise between the No. 4 and No. 3 adits. All previous ore has been\nobtained from the sublevel and above No. 3 level. In 1956 work was concentrated in\nNo. 4 adit, which consists of a southerly crosscut for 650 feet long and 600 feet of\ndrifting on the shear. No worth-while mineralization has been encountered on this level.\nFurther exploration by a raise west of the main raise was without success. In the main\nraise a slash was started at a point half-way up the raise on the east side at what appeared\nto be the bottom of an oreshoot. The ore obtained was trucked to the Van Roi mill.\nProduction: Ore milled, 90 tons. Gross content: Silver, 181 oz.; lead, 1,005 lb.;\nzinc, 11,149 1b.\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.)    The Fisher Maiden property consists of the\nFisher Maiden     Troy and St. Helena Crown-granted claims on the north side of\nSilverton Creek, 8 miles by road from Silverton. It is owned by\nFrank S. Mills and S. Dewis, both of Silverton. It was last active in 1953, when the\nlowest adit was rehabilitated for its full length of 1,330 feet. The main oreshoot in this\nadit is near the portal, where a fissure vein in granite has been partly stoped to the adit\nabove. The ore thus obtained and stored many years ago in a cribbed structure at the\nportal was removed in 1956 and trucked to the Van Roi mill. Production: Ore milled,\n75 tons.   Gross content:  Silver, 1,196 oz.; lead, 1,929 lb.; zinc, 11,097 lb.\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.)    This is a group of eight Crown-granted claims\nWestmont on the north side of Enterprise Creek, opposite the Enterprise\nmine. It is owned by J. A. Cullinane, of Nelson. A short access\nroad leads to the lowest of four adits from a point on the Enterprise Creek road about\nAVz miles from the Nelson-Nakusp Highway. The property has been idle since 1929,\nand most of the workings are inaccessible. In 1956 a lease was given to C. Thickett\nand H. Myers. The No. 4 dump, which is on the Eastmont claim, was mined and trucked\nto the Van Roi mill at Silverton. Production: Ore milled, 170 tons. Gross content:\nSilver, 2,453 oz.; lead, 3,986 lb.; zinc, 5,599 lb.\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.)    The Austin group of three recorded claims is\nAustin west of the Enterprise mine of Western Exploration Company\nLimited and covers the abandoned Mount Royal group of Dumac LODE METALS\n99\nMines Limited. It is owned by L. Gormley, of New Denver. A strong shear zone has\nbeen developed by open-cuts and short adits. The property has been idle since 1952\nbut was worked on a small scale in 1956, and the ore obtained was trucked to the Van\nRoi mill at Silverton. Production: Ore milled, 34 tons. Gross content: Silver, 184 oz.;\nlead, 1,891 lb.; zinc, 2,944 lb.\n[Reference:   Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1952, p. 180.]\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.) The Boomerang and Richmond claims are\nBoomerang owned by the estate of S. N. Ross, which is administered by the\nexecutrix, Mrs. E. Ward, of Nelson. The claims are on the south\nside of Enterprise Creek, about 1 Vz miles above the confluence with Paupo Creek. The\nproperty is accessible by fair road to Paupo Creek, 9 miles from the Nelson-Nakusp\nHighway, and thence by a steep road and 1,000 feet of trail. Recent activity has been\nrestricted to road-building. A quartz vein in granite has been explored by two adits,\nbut recent flood erosion has covered the area with debris, making the mine inaccessible.\nPrevious to this, Mr. Ross had done a small amount of development work with hand-\nsteel, and several tons of ore was sorted from this work and stored in sacks on site.\nQuartz, galena, sphalerite, and grey copper were the noticeable minerals in the ore.\nMrs. E. Ward, P. Ward, and N. Subasic made one shipment to the Trail smelter. Production: Ore shipped, 3 tons. Gross content: Silver, 144 oz.; lead, 266 lb.; zinc,\n271 lb.\nSPRINGER CREEK*\nSilver\n(49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.) Company office, c\/o W. E. Graham, Slocan\nCity. Capital: 3,000,000 shares, 1 cent par value. This company\nowns the Ottawa mine on Springer Creek, 5 miles by road from\nSlocan City. Intermittent work has been carried on for several\nyears in the lowest or No. 6 adit, which is not connected to No. 5\nFour stopes numbered A to D have been carried up the 25-degree dip of a quartz\nvein. C. Thickett, W. Boisvert, and A. Archibald were employed to make a raise connection to a sublevel which is accessible from No. 5 adit level, and about 190 feet was\ndriven before work ceased. These men underhand mined in the vicinity of \" B \" stope\nand shipped ore to the Trail smelter under a working agreement. Production: Ore\nshipped, 10 tons.   Gross content:  Silver, 2,732 oz.; lead, 116 lb.; zinc, 36 lb.\nOttawa (Ottawa\nSilver Mining &\nMilling Company)\nadit.\nGold-Silver\nPromistora\nLOWER ARROW LAKE*\n(50\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.W.) This property is near Burton, at the north end\nof Lower Arrow Lake. D. Pearce, of Arrow Park, made a shipment to the Trail smelter.    Production:   Ore shipped, 9 tons.\nGross content:  Gold, 23 oz.; silver, 27 oz.; lead, 185 lb.; zinc, 258 lb.\nGold-Silver-Lead-Zinc\nNORTH LARDEAUf\nSpider, Eclipse, etc.\n(Sunshine Lardeau\nMines Limited)!\n(50\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.W.) Company office, 307, 413 Granville Street,\nVancouver; mine office, Beaton. J. Drybrough, president; G. G.\nSullivan, manager; O. Meurling, mine superintendent; E. Hall,\nmill superintendent. Capital: 4,000,000 shares, no par value.\nThe mine camp and mill are at the old townsite of Camborne, 6\n* By J. W. Peck.\nt By J. W. Peck, except as noted.\nt By G. E. P. Eastwood and J. W. Peck. 100 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nmiles by road northeast of Beaton, on the northeast arm of Upper Arrow Lake. The mine\nis on the south side of Pool Creek, 2 to 3 miles by very steep road from Camborne.\nThe veins strike a few degrees west of north and dip steeply east. They consist\nof sphalerite, silver-bearing galena, pyrite, and minor chalcopyrite in quartz-carbonate\ngangue. Grey copper and arsenopyrite occur locally. A small amount of gold is recovered from the ore, but its mineralogical association is unknown. Vein walls have been\nextensively replaced by siderite, in places accompanied by green chromium mica.\nMining in recent years has been mainly from the Spider No. 4 vein, the largest of five\nen echelon veins in the Spider zone. In 1956 the company began mining a vein in the\nEclipse zone, 1,000 feet east of the Spider. This vein was at first thought to be the extension of an unproductive vein followed by an old adit on the Eclipse claim, but it is now\nbelieved to be distinct, and is called Eclipse No. 2 in this Report. Some exploratory work\nhas been done on the Barclay and Sandy veins, 1,000 and 2,000 feet west of the Spider\nzone, with inconclusive results.\nFour adit levels have been driven on the Spider No. 4 vein, the lowest being No.\n10. By the end of the year the vein was mined out nearly down to this level. The Eclipse\nNo. 2 vein is developed by a long crosscut off No. 10 adit, by a 10-level drift, by a raise,\nand by a sublevel 110 feet above No. 10. In 1956 the raise was completed to the surface\nof bedrock and an adit driven in overburden to intersect it. At the end of the year,\npreparations were made to sink an internal shaft below No. 10 level. A 90-foot crosscut\ninvestigated mineralization found by drilling east from the Eclipse vein on No. 10 level.\nFour long holes were drilled to test the extensions of the Spider No. 4 and Eclipse No. 2\nveins below No. 10 level, and a few short holes were drilled from Nos. 5 and 6 levels to\ntest the downward extensions respectively of the Spider Nos. 1 and 2 veins and Spider\nNo. 5 vein.\nIn May a fire completely destroyed the mining plant at No. 10 portal. It was rebuilt\nwith some improvements. Another fire in May destroyed a new modern bunk-house with\nthe loss of one life. The structure was replaced during the summer. These accidents\naffected the mill tonnage in May, but the average for the year was about 2,400 tons per\nmonth. Mill-heads averaged: Gold, 0.1 oz. per ton; silver, HVi oz. per ton; lead, 9V_.\nper cent; zinc, 12 per cent. The concentrates were transported by truck and Arrow Lakes\nbarge to rail-head at Nakusp and then to smelters in the United States. Stockpiling was\ndone at the mine for several weeks in the winter, when the upper end of Upper Arrow\nLake froze over. The number of men employed averaged sixty-four.\nHistory.\u2014Underground work on the Spider claim began in 1910, and small-scale\ndevelopment was carried on until 1930. I. G. Nelson acquired the claim in 1937 and in\n1948 optioned it to W. J. Scorgie, who subsequently assigned the option to Sunshine\nLardeau Mines Limited, a company organized by him and incorporated in 1947. In\n1950 a diamond-drilling programme supervised by D. Burns resulted in the discovery of\nNos. 4 and 5 veins. In 1951 a crosscut was driven to the veins on No. 5 level, No. 6 adit\nwas driven, and the option was exercised. A mill was installed in the old Meridian mill\nbuilding and started up in May, 1952. A short adit formerly known as No. 6 was\nextended as No. 8 to intersect No. 4 vein. Berens River Mines Limited provided additional funds and assumed operating control in 1952. No. 10 adit was driven in 1953.\nIn 1956 Berens River Mines Limited was liquidated, and control of Sunshine Lardeau\noperations passed to the parent organization, Newmont Mining Corporation. Production\nthrough to 1956 is tabled on the following page:\u2014 LODE METALS\n101\nOre\nShipped\nOre\nMilled\nGold\nSilver\nLead\nZinc\nCopper\nCadmium\nVein\n1911\nTons\n6\n12\n6\n137\n28\n6\n90\n12\n26\n800?\n755?\n685\n710?\nTons\nOz.\n16\n8\n1\n8\n1\n3\n706\n1,103\n2,117\n2,475\n2,129\nOz.\n1,051\n9,909\n307\n9,314\n1,863\n470\n6,784\n1,294\n942\n147,710\n154,658\n299,252\n326,828\n333,714\nLb.\n4,153\n4,137\n1,633\n35,786\n8,652\n2,434\n34,019\n8,132\n9,839\n1,298,777\n2,221,558\n3,911,339\n5,143,334\n5,193,437\nLb.\nLb.\nLb.\n1\n1912\n\t\n\t\n1\n1917\n1 and 2\n1926\t\n32,260\n7,687\n\t\n1 and 2\n1927\t\n1 and 2\n1929\n\t\n3\n1937\t\n29,838\n3,122\n7,028\n836,525\n2,478,730\n3,280,068\n5,608,261\n6,064,726\n=\n\t\n2 and 3\n1941\t\n1949\n1952 \t\n6,319\n16,503\n17,219\n28,345\n28,142\nland 2\n1953\n1954\t\n38,969\n19,058\n17,575\n31,027\n36,024\n4\n4\n1955\t\n1956\n97,781\n4 and Eclipse 2\nThe Eclipse claim was located in 1899, and the adit on No. 1 vein started in 1900.\nThe Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, drilled the showing in 1927-28 and drove the adit to its present length. Sunshine Lardeau Mines Limited\nobtained an option-purchase agreement from Lardeau Mines Exploration Limited in\n1954 and found the No. 2 vein by diamond drilling from surface. A long crosscut on\nthe Spider No. 10 level was driven to the vein in 1955.\nSunshine Lardeau Mines Limited drilled the Sandy vein from surface in 1954, and\nlate in 1955 enlarged and extended the upper adit. Diamond drilling from this adit\nfound no additional ore, and the temporary mining plant was removed in the spring of\n1956.\nTopography.\u2014The veins are on the south side of Pool Creek, which flows in a deep\nrock canyon. Away from the creek the hillside is heavily timbered and thickly covered\nwith overburden. Natural exposures are scarce, and exceedingly thick gravels on the\nEclipse claim have presented difficulties in diamond drilling and mining.\nGeology.\u2014The country rock is greenstone and locally black phyllite, squeezed into\nclose asymmetric to isoclinal folds, with overturning to the southwest. Plunges are to\nthe southeast, averaging about 25 degrees. The folds can rarely be traced between\nexposures.\nThe rocks are broken by six types of steeply dipping fractures:\u2014\n(1) Slip along the schistosity, which in turn is parallel to bedding except in\nthe axial regions of folds. Bedded gouge seams are locally conspicuous,\nand polished foliation surfaces are closely spaced through most of the\nrock.    Rare slickensides indicate right-hand movement.\n(2) North-striking right-hand faults. These are the principal sites of mineralization and are discussed in some detail below.\n(3) Fault offshoots, which commonly break directly across the foliation.\nSome are mineralized.\n(4) Radiating shears in Spider Nos. 1 and 3 vein areas; some are mineralized.\nTypes (1) to (4) are believed to be genetically related and to have been\nproduced at roughly the same time by the same stresses.\n(5) Rare, widely scattered, east-west joints and faults with variable dips and\nin part quartz bearing.   One is known to be mineralized.\n(6) Small gouge-bearing faults in the Pool Creek bluffs displacing phyllite,\ndiorite, and quartz veins in various directions and senses. Mineralization\nhas not been observed in them.\nThe right-hand faults strike mostly between north 5 degress west and north 15\ndegrees west and dip 70 to 80 degrees east. The strike length ranges up to at least 450\nfeet, and the vertical range is probably at least as great.   The strike-slip was proved to 102 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nbe right hand except on the Spider Nos. 3 and 5 and Barclay faults, where data are\nobscure. Eclipse No. 2 is a normal fault with a net slip of about 140 feet raking about\n45 degrees south. On most other faults the net slip is probably between 30 and 200 feet.\nOblique slip is probable on most faults even though drag structures within them indicate\nnearly horizontal movement.\nThe faults terminate laterally by fraying and curving left into the foliation, the displacement presumably being taken up along foliation slips. Most faults have one or\nmore mineralized cross-fractures that curve to the right perpendicular to the foliation.\nThe amount and direction of movement on these fractures are unknown.\nThe faults appear to be restricted vertically. Mineralization in Eclipse No. 2 ends\na short distance above the sublevel, suggesting the fault may be dying out upward. Spider\nNo. 1 fault disintegrates upward into a shatter zone, and Spider No. 4 shortens toward\nsurface.   Spider No. 1 fault shortens downward.\nSilver-lead-zinc mineralization, so far as is known and with one exception, is\nrestricted to the north-striking faults and to a few fractures associated with them. Conversely, north-striking faults devoid of mineralization have not been observed. Additional faults beneath overburden might be predicted if offset could be shown, but this\nappears possible only along the greenstone-phyllite contact. Elsewhere, horizon markers\nare difficult to establish and the structure is complex.\nAlong most veins the wallrock is largely replaced by siderite, but not all siderite\nrock is associated with veins. Considerable areas of phyllite show partial replacement,\naccompanied by some silicification, and a few patches of nearly complete replacement\noccur in both phyllite and greenstone distant from any known veins or faults. Normally,\ncarbonate replacement of the wallrock dies out just before the fault curves into the foliation, but from the Spider No. 2 vein it follows the foliation to No. 1 and on to Nos. 4\nand 5. The replacement was therefore once believed to be a bedded zone with ore\noccurring in it along north-striking joints, and Nos. 4 and 5 veins were found by drilling\nthe zone at intervals. The north-striking fissures are now known to be faults, and the\nsiderite replacement is believed directly related to them. Intense alteration dies out in\nscattered surface exposures a short distance southeast of No. 2 vein and in slashes into\nthe west wall of No. 5 vein on No. 5 level. The southerly extension of No. 4 vein on\nNo. 7 and lower levels is beneath the altered area on No. 5 level and surface. It is\nsuggested that disturbance by four faults locally opened the foliation to siderite replacement.\nSpider Zone (see Figs. 8 and 9). \u2014 The five known Spider veins are all in greenstone and have considerable thicknesses of altered wallrock. Quartz is the principal\ngangue, accompanied by some calcite and siderite. Quartz is sparing on the upper\nlevels but forms a thick continuous vein along No. 4 fault on Nos. 8 and 10 levels, obliterating the fault for considerable distances. Sulphides line fault remnants or form large\nragged lenses and pockets in the gangue. Veinlets of quartz or sulphides extend into\nthe walls. The principal sulphides are pyrite, sphalerite, and silver-bearing galena.\nChalcopyrite is minor but is widely distributed. Grey copper is rarely seen in No. 4\nvein but was an important constituent of ore from Nos. 1 and 2 veins. Arsenopyrite is\nrare.\nThe Spider No. 4 vein has a known vertical range of more than 600 feet and a\nlength which increases from 85 feet on No. 5 level to 400 feet on No. 10 level, in addition to about 100 feet of low-grade ore in an offshoot on No. 10. The ore is from 3\nto 10 feet wide. Ore is continuous along the vein in the upper levels, but the longer\nsections of vein on Nos. 8 and 10 levels contain short lengths carrying only sparsely\ndisseminated sulphides. On these levels the vein splits toward the north end, the intersection plunging 70 degrees north. On No. 10 level an offshoot curves to the right\nacross the foliation and back to a north strike; sphalerite and galena are essentially con- LODE METALS\n103\nNo. 5     \\__-No.4Fault\nFaylt\nLEGEND\nOre\nSiderite rock and quartz\nGreenstone\n*vvvwv   Shear\nScale\nNo. I\nNo.2  Fault\nProjected\nFigure 8. Spider zone.   No. 5 level.\nfined to the north-striking portion of the offshoot, although quartz and pyrite are continuous around the double curve. The offshoot has not been explored above No. 10\nlevel.\nNo. 1 vein is 70 feet long on No. 4 level, where a cross-fracture vein extends a\nshort distance southwest. It has been stoped through 3 level to surface, and an old\nwinze followed ore down 46 feet from No. 4 level, but only a few small pockets of ore\nminerals were found on No. 5 level in a drift which is probably on No. 1 vein. This\nvein probably does not extend more than 20 feet beyond the present face of No. 5 level.\nNo. 2 vein is 50 feet long on No. 2 level but shortens upward and downward. It\nhas been stoped for about half its length through No. 1 level. On No. 4 level either of\ntwo mineralized shears 5 feet apart could be the downward continuation of No. 2 fault.\nDrilling does not appear to have disproved the possibility of ore in this vein on No. 5\nlevel.\nNo. 3 vein is actually a shattered zone in and near No. 8 portal. Some of the many\nfissures are mineralized with as much as 3 feet of sphalerite and galena.   No. 9 adit 104\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\n(originally called No. 7) was driven in 1929 and 1937 to intersect one of these veins\nbut encountered only a little sparse mineralization, and drilling from Nos. 8 and 10 adits\nencountered none. However, ore possibilities are not disproved. No. 1 vein passes\nupward into a rather similar shattered zone. Small veins are scattered through altered\ngreenstone for 120 feet westerly from No. 8 portal; therefore, any coherent vein underlying the shattered zone may he to the west of No. 9 adit and have been missed by the\ndrilling. Such a vein might rake down to the offshoot of No. 4 vein on No. 10 level,\nbut this seems unlikely.\nNo 5 vein has been stoped from No. 5 level to surface, and little of it can now be\nseen. The ore is reported to have been soft and heavily oxidized. The wallrock is\nintensely replaced by siderite, weathered and considerably broken. Scattered observations along the drift suggest that mineralization followed a shear branching off the south\nend of No. 4 fault and curving to a north strike. Drilling from Nos. 6 and 8 levels does\nnot appear to have disproved the possibility of ore at greater depth.\n\/\/\nNo. 10\nEl.2763'\nNo. 9\nEI.29I7'\n\/\/\nNo.8\nEI.2990'\nEclipse    )\/\nEl. 2718'\nEclipse No.l\nVein\nEclipse No.2-.\\''|\nVein I'M;\n'mm\nNo.l\n'I  El. 3611\nFigure 9. Spider and Eclipse zones.   No. 10 level.\nJ LODE METALS 105\nEclipse Zone.\u2014The two Eclipse veins are believed to be on separate faults because\nshears in the Eclipse adit curve into the foliation some distance short of the face, because\nmineralization in No. 2 vein dies out short of the face, and because the veins do not\nline up when projected to the same level. The adit vein may be analogous to the offshoot of Spider No. 4 vein, but this is unlikely. It would require the quartz to cross\nthe footwall shear where the shear curves toward the hangingwall, and a crosscut to the\nstart of this curve exposes no appreciable quartz beyond the shear.\nThe No. 2 vein has a known vertical range of about 250 feet and an average length\nof about 200 feet. It closely resembles the Spider veins, even though it is partly in black\nphyllite, but the envelope of altered wallrock is much thinner, rarely extending more than\n8 feet from the fault. Toward the south end a cross-fracture to the southwest contains\nabundant sphalerite and galena for some 30 feet. On the sublevel the fracture appears\nto end at a bedded shear.   The intersection rakes steeply north.\nDrilling and drifting eastward from the Eclipse No. 2 found a narrow arcuate vein\ncontaining sphalerite and galena, having an average east-west strike and dipping steeply\nnorth. The enclosing greenstone is but little altered. This vein is too small to be mineable, but is of interest as an exception to the prevailing north-striking veins.\nThe No. 1 or adit vein is a thick quartz vein largely in black phyllite. The country\nrock is extensively altered around the portal but is relatively fresh in the adit. The vein is\nbounded by shears and appears to end abruptly where they join and pass into foliation.\nIt contains massive pyrite veins as much as 3 feet thick and lenses of arsenopyrite.\nA promising pocket of ore was opened in a surface cut above, but ore mineralization in\nthe adit is negligible.\nOther Veins.\u2014The Sandy is a large quartz vein which is sliced by at least four faults\nstriking 18 to 22 degrees west of north, or about 3 degrees left of the vein trend. The\nquartz grows irregular and narrows to 3 feet at the face of the adit. Ore minerals occur\nas minor pockets along the three easterly faults and as random veinlets in the irregular\nquartz. A lens of ore minerals follows the fourth fault for a short distance and sends an\noffshoot into altered greenstone for 40 feet slightly west of south. This offshoot is 2 to 5\nfeet wide for the first 25 feet and has a nearly vertical dip. Veinlets of ore minerals extend\nwesterly as much as 15 feet.\nThe Barclay vein consists of galena sparingly disseminated in quartz at the east end\nof a road cut in altered greenstone. Strike and dip cannot be measured accurately in this\nsmall exposure, and consequently the failure of drilling in 1954 and 1956 to find mineralization is not necessarily conclusive.\nConclusions.\u20141. Ore is essentially restricted to north-striking faults in greenstone\nand in phyllite upfolded into greenstone.\n2. Veins and faults are short and some are blind.\n3. Siderite replacing wallrock is a rather limited drilling target. It is possible to\nmiss the end of ore by 20 feet and core only fresh country rock.\n4. The veins tend to occur in north-striking zones of unknown extent. The southerly\nextensions of the Spider, Eclipse, and Sandy zones in greenstone are therefore of interest.\nIt is worth noting that two pyrite-quartz veins are reported above the Spider workings at\nabout 4,250 feet elevation, one followed by an old adit.\n[References: Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 161, pp. 85-89. British Columbia Bureau\nof Mines, Bull. 2, 1914, pp. 17-19. Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1926, p. 270;\n1929, p. 340; 1938, pp. E 22-25; 1952, p. 182.]\n(50\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.W.)   Company office, 404 Pemberton Building, 744\nBeatrice (Beatrice   West Hastings Street, Vancouver.   W. J. Scorgie, president and\nMining Co. Ltd.)    managing director.   Capital:   50,000 shares, $1 par value.   This\ncompany owns a group of claims at the head of the east fork of\nMohawk Creek.  The main workings are on the Beatrice claim and are accessible by\n4 miles of road and trail from the Spider mine road.  Work in 1956 was restricted to 106 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956\nbuilding a road to the mine but was stopped by winter conditions before the road was\ncompleted.\nSOUTH LARDEAU*\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\n(50\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W.)    This group of claims lies northwest of Glacier\nJ.G. Creek and extends across a mountain ridge to the east arm of\nDuncan Lake. The ground was at one time known as the Amato-\nRuby and Glacier groups. The Bunker Hill Company, of Kellogg, Idaho, held an option\nfrom J. Gallo and associates, of Howser. A band of limestone has been explored by\ntrenching and diamond drilling over several thousand feet of strike length, and there is\nan adit on the Glacier Creek side. Bulldozer stripping and diamond drilling were done\nin 1956, but the option was dropped in the latter part of the year.\n(50\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W.)    Company office, 313, 717 West Pender Street,\nMoonshine, Right  Vancouver.    C. G. Willett, president;  O. Moen, superintendent.\nBower (Willett     Capital:   1,000,000 shares, 50 cents par value.    This company\nMines Ltd.)        optioned the Moonshine (or Moonstone) and Right Bower Crown-\ngranted claims and sixteen recorded claims from J. Robinson, of\nKamloops.   A short access road leads to the workings from a point on the Kaslo-Lardeau\nHighway about 1 mile south of Lardeau.    Work was last done in 1952.    A narrow\nfissure vein in limestone has been developed by two short connected adits and an old\nshallow inclined shaft.   The upper adit has been stoped to surface.    In November work\nstarted in driving the upper adit, and the two levels were connected by another raise.\nOn surface an open-cut was made about 500 feet on strike east of the workings, on the\nsame or a similar vein.   About 35 tons of sorted ore was stockpiled from surface and\nunderground work.    Five men were employed.\nCRESTONf\nCopper\n(49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W.)    This property, comprising ten claims, is owned\nBob by C. O. Ogilvie, of Wynndel.    In 1956 work was directed to\nreopening and extending an old adit at an elevation of 2,400 feet,\none-quarter mile east by road from the Duck Creek road, one-half mile north of its\njunction with the Creston-Kootenay Bay highway at Wynndel.\nThe occurrence is a quartz-calcite vein with chalcopyrite and lesser amounts of\ngalena and copper carbonates in Creston argillaceous quartzites. Where exposed underground the vein strikes approximately northeast, dips 45 degrees southeast, and has a\nwidth ranging from 1 to 4 feet. A. Bysouth, of Sirdar, and F. J. Brady, of Creston,\nretimbered the portal and removed the caved material in the first 50 feet of the 225-foot\ncrosscut to the vein. The north drift was driven to a total length of 50 feet, and a\n35-foot raise was driven on the vein at the crosscut. Approximately 10 tons of ore was\nstockpiled.\nIt was reported that this property was formerly known as the Elsie Holmes and that\nthe old workings included another longer crosscut, the portal of which was approximately\n800 feet southwest of the reopened adit.\nLead-Silver-Copper\nThis group of four claims on Glaser Creek, 2 miles north of Cres-\nKing ton, is owned by J. B. Vaughn and L. J. Lansing, of Creston.\nA new highway link, when constructed, will cover a 30-foot winze\nat the south end of the vein outcrop.\n* By J. W. Peck.\nt By J. E. Merrett. LODE METALS\n107\nSilver-Lead\n(49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E.) H. Demchuk, of Camp Lister, holding six\nAurea located mineral claims, completed 40 feet of drift on a galena-\nbearing quartz vein on the west side of a small rock ridge, 1 mile\nnorth of the International Boundary and 2 miles southwest of Camp Lister.    The vein\nranges in width from 6 inches to 2 feet.\nCopper\nCreston Hill (Bon\nTon Syndicate)\n(49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E.) This property is 1 mile south of the Creston-\nCranbrook Highway, 2 miles west of Kitchener. The crosscut\ncommenced in 1955 by Reward Uranium Ltd., of Edmonton,\nAlta., was extended to a total length of 203 feet.    Sixteen feet of\ndrifting was done on a quartz-calcite vein at a point 125 feet from the portal, and slashing\nwas done for diamond-drill stations.   A crew of three men was employed.\n(49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E.)    O. Arrowsmith, of Erickson, completed 50 feet\nMay-Bee of drift on a chalcopyrite-bearing quartz vein on the May-Bee\ngroup of three claims, 2 miles west of Kitchener.    The mineral\noccurrence is on the south end of Iron Range Mountain immediately adjacent to the large\nfault that follows the crest of that mountain.\nLead\n(49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E.) This property of two located claims is at the\nM.B. north end of Iron Range Mountain, 8 miles northwest of Kitchener.\nThe owners are E. J. Mattson, of Creston, and E. Brennan, of\nErickson. The claims are at the head of a small creek basin on the south side of Hall\nCreek, a tributary of Goat River. Access to the property is either by the Kitchener\ntrail, which follows the summit of Iron Range Mountain, or by way of 9 miles of logging-\nroads from Kitchener up the Goat River and 3 miles across a burned area through which\nthere is no trail.\nThe mineral occurrence is a strong quartz-calcite vein containing minor amounts\nof galena, chalcopyrite, and pyrite. The vein has an average width of 4.5 feet and has\nbeen exposed at intervals over a distance of approximately 1,000 feet across the nose of\nthe ridge, at an elevation of 5,000 feet, west to the creek basin, at an elevation of 4,500\nfeet. The strike is north 45 degrees west and the dip 85 degrees southwest. The southeast exposure is approximately 500 feet west of the Iron Range Mountain fault. The\nvein is in grey quartzite of the Aldridge formation, and in one instance cuts across a\nPurcell diorite sill.\nThe vein is reported to have been discovered prior to 1900, and since then has had\nconsiderable work done on it. This work included the sinking of a 16-foot-deep shaft\nnear the southeast end, one small drift, the opening of a cave to drift size for a short\ndistance, and a total of 100 feet of stripping. Recent work was confined to cleaning out\nthe old workings. At no point was sufficient mineralization seen to appear to warrant\nfurther development.\nTwo samples were taken\u2014the first across a width of 4.5 feet on the southeast side\nof the shaft, 11 feet below the collar, and the second, 19 feet northwest of the shaft,\nacross a mineralized width of 2.8 feet at a point where the vein is 6 feet wide. The\nsamples assayed as follows:\u2014\nSample\nWidth\nGold\nSilver\nCopper\nLead\nNo.l \t\nNo. 2  \t\nFt.\n4.5\n2.8\nOz. per Ton\nTrace\nTrace\nOz. per Ton\nNil\n0.2\nPer Cent\nTrace\n0.25\nPer Cent\nTrace\n0.65 108\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nLead-Tungsten\nCampsall\nCRANBROOK*\n(49\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W.) Alfred R. Campsall, of Cranbrook, and partners, one-quarter mile east of Joseph Creek, 2Vz miles north of\nCranbrook, employed a bulldozer to excavate a trench 150 feet\nlong and 12 feet wide, to a maximum depth of 27 feet. A total of 1,200 cubic yards of\nclay was removed in investigating a narrow quartz vein containing minor amounts of\ngalena and tungsten. The results obtained were inconclusive, and the cut was refilled\nto avoid leaving a dangerous opening.\nCopper\n(49\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W.) D. Sherling, S. Thompson, and Alfred Camp-\nKing sail, all of Cranbrook, own nineteen located claims, 1 Vz miles north\nof Eager station on the Canadian Pacific Railway and 5Vz miles\nnorth of Cranbrook. Surface stripping along a length of 600 feet and across a width of\n200 feet has exposed part of a northerly trending Purcell diorite sill within argillite of\nthe Kitchener formation. Chalcopyrite occurs as low-grade disseminations within the\ndiorite and in local concentrations adjacent to and within northwesterly striking diagonal\ncross-fractures in the sill. In addition to the surface stripping, 110 feet of diamond drilling was completed in two holes.\nST. MARY RIVER*\nCopper\nMystery (Green Bay\nMining & Exploration Ltd.)\n(49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E.) Company office, B 100 Royal Trust Building,\nEdmonton, Alta. This property is at an elevation of 5,000 feet on\nAlki (John) Creek, a tributary of St. Mary River. Access is by\nway of 3 miles of trail leaving the main road at the west end of\nSt. Mary Lake.   The mineral occurrence is in Purcell diorite and is\na quartz-calcite vein carrying chalcopyrite, pyrite, and small amounts of galena and\nsphalerite.\nThe holdings include one Crown-granted and seven recorded mineral claims.   In the\nearly summer geophysical surveying was done on some of the property.   Following this,\n3,000 feet of exploratory diamond drilling was done.   Six men were employed.\n[Reference:  Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 228, 1941, p. 58.]\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\n(49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E.) Company office, 640 Peyton Building, Spokane,\nWash.; mine office, Marysville. David E. Watson, president and\nmanager. Mining operations by this company at the Warhorse\nmine on Hellroaring Creek were terminated at the end of July.\nThe 4500 level adit was extended 290 feet to a total length of\n4,084 feet, and 604 feet of diamond drilling was completed in eight holes. When operations were suspended, all equipment was removed from the surface and underground.\nFive men were employed.\nKIMBERLEY*\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\n(49\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W.) Company office, 215 St. James Street West,\nMontreal; mine and smelter office, Trail. R. E. Stavert, Montreal,\npresident; R. D. Perry, Trail, vice-president and general manager;\nW. G. Jewitt, Trail, vice-president in charge of mines. Sullivan\nmine office, Kimberley. B. E. Hurdle, general superintendent;\nA. G. Robertson, superintendent of concentration; J. E. Giegerich,\nmine superintendent;  H. W. Poole, Chapman Camp, superinten-\nBoy Scout (Thomas\nConsolidated Mines\nIncorporated)\nSullivan (The Consolidated Mining\nand Smelting\nCompany of\nCanada Limited)\n* By J. E. Merrett. LODE METALS 109\ndent of concentrator. Capital: 21,000,000 shares, no par value. This company owns\nand operates the Sullivan mine on Mark Creek, near Kimberley, and the Sullivan concentrator at Chapman Camp. The holdings include 678 Crown-granted mineral claims and\nfractions in a block in the Kimberley area, covering and surrounding the mine workings,\nfrom which over 71,500,000 tons of ore has been removed since December, 1909, at\nwhich time the company commenced operations on this property. The following report,\nprepared by the management, is a synopsis of the 1956 operations:\u2014\n\"The Sullivan mine produced and the concentrator treated 2,769,177 tons of ore\nduring 1956. Approximately 20 per cent of this came from the open pit. The section\nof the mine above the 3900 level furnished 56 per cent of the production, mainly from\nthe recovery of pillars. The remainder of the ore was produced by primary stoping in the\narea below the 3900 level.\n\"Long-hole drilling methods, using diamond and percussion drills with sectional\nsteel, accounted for 92 per cent of the underground production. The remainder of the\nunderground tonnage came from open stopes using bench mining methods. Six winzes,\nused in float filling stopes below the 3900 level, were sunk by diamond-drill methods.\nThe longest winze was 81 feet in length.\n\"Development footage in 1956 was above that for 1955, mainly because of\nadditional ventilation development. This development was part of a plan for the removal\nof contaminated air, by a separate circuit, from float-filled stopes.\n\"Primary ventilation of the mine required seven Jeffrey fans totalling 950 horsepower, two Joy fans totalling 250 horsepower, and one Sheldon fan at 100 horsepower.\nIn 1956 a 75-horsepower Sirocco fan was installed on No. 9 shaft for exhaust duty. The\ntotal volume of air exhausted from the mine was 908,000 cubic feet per minute.\n\" No gravel fill was placed in stopes above the 3900 level during 1956.\n\"One hundred and ninety-six thousand cubic yards of waste from the sink-float\nplant were placed in stopes below the 3900 level, of which 64 per cent was scraped.\nInduced caving of waste rock from the hangingwall accounted for 267,000 cubic yards\nof backfilling above the 3900 level.\n\"The mine and concentrator maintained an active safety programme during the\nyear. Although the mine had two fatal accidents, the frequency and severity rates were\ncomparable to the previous year. The mine had thirty-six lost-time accidents, with a\nfrequency rate of 0.16 and a severity rate of 10.9 per 1,000 shifts worked. The concentrator established the best safety record in its history, with a total of only four lost-time\naccidents, giving a frequency rate of 0.04 and a severity rate of 1.1 per 1,000 shifts\nworked.\n\" Sixty-nine mine employees attended the underground school of mining instruction\nduring the year, making a total of 1,932 employees who have been instructed to date.\nTwelve mine employees received mine-rescue certificates during the year. Four mine-\nrescue teams competed in the mine competition, and the two winning teams entered the\nEast Kootenay Mine Safety Association Competition. A Sullivan mine team won that\ncompetition and was successful in winning the Provincial Mine Rescue Competition\nwhich was held in Nelson. A total of 246 St. John first-aid certificates were awarded to\n98 adults and 148 juniors, who were instructed by Safety Department personnel.\n\" The number of men employed at the mine and concentrator at the year-end was\n1,406, of which 679 were employed underground.\"\nFORT STEELE*\nLead\n(49\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W.)    T. Tuma and two partners, all of Vancouver,\nKootenay-Selkirk   hold four claims by record covering the mineral exposures formerly\nheld by Kootenay Selkirk Mines Limited.   The mineral occurrence\n* By J. E. Merrett. 110 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nis at an elevation of 7,000 feet on the north side of the basin at the headwaters of Herbert\nCreek, the extension of Lakit Creek, a tributary to Kootenay River. Access to the\nproperty from the Fort Steele-Wasa road is by way of AVz miles of logging-roads to the\nlower end of Herbert Creek and by 3 miles of pack-trail up this creek.\nThe owners cleaned the upper tunnel, 120 feet in length, and exposed a barren\nquartz-calcite vein striking north 38 degrees west and dipping 61 degrees southwest.\nConsiderable surface stripping above the portal exposed several small quartz veins in\nparallel and en echelon over a length of 700 feet and across a width of 50 feet. Narrow\nquartz cross-stringers appeared to link the main veins. At the junctures of these two\nsets of veins, concentrations of galena and pyrite occur. The extent and frequency of the\nconcentrations do not appear to be sufficient to warrant mining at present.\n[Reference:  Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 207, 1937, p. 53.]\nWINDERMERE*\nToby Creek (50\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E.)\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\nCompany office, 6, 490 Baker Street, Nelson;  mine office, Toby\nMineral King       Creek.  H. E. Doelle, managing director;  J. B. Magee, resident\n(Sheep Creek       manager.    In January the company's official name was changed\nMines Limited)     from Sheep Creek Gold Mines Limited to Sheep Creek Mines\nLimited.   The property is on the Toby Creek slope of the ridge\nbetween Jumbo and Toby Creeks, 27 miles west of Athalmer.   The deposit is a lead-zinc\nreplacement, with barite, in limestone of the Mount Nelson formation.\nDevelopment work included 1,521 feet of drifts and crosscuts, 1,762 feet of raises,\nand a total of 4,572 feet of diamond drilling completed in forty-eight holes. No. 7 or\n4,750-foot level adit was extended from 2,008 to 2,781 feet. Parallel manway and\nore-pass raises, with slopes of 57 degrees toward the north, were begun near the inner\nend of No. 7 level. These two raises were directed to intersect the No. 3 or 5,450-foot\nlevel horizon 300 feet north of the present working area. The manway raise was extended\nto a slope length of 465 feet and the ore-pass raise to a slope length of 435 feet. Interconnecting raises were driven at intermediate level horizons. Both raises entered the\nMount Nelson limestone 240 feet above No. 7 level. It was reported that at 340 feet\nabove No. 7 level a 12-foot ore intersection assayed 14 per cent lead, 9.1 per cent zinc,\nand 11.8 ounces of silver per ton.\nOpen-stope mining methods were used, and 146,566 tons of ore was mined and\nmilled.\nNew surface construction included the foundation for a new ore-bin, additions to\nthe crusher building, office, and bunk-house, a powder magazine, a storage shed, two\ndwellings, and a post-office building. New equipment installations included a 3-foot\ngyratory crusher in the crusher-house and a 375-horsepower diesel-electric generator in\nthe power-house. The generating capacity of the power plant was thereby increased to\n1,500 horsepower.\nThe average number of men employed was ninety-five, of which fifty were employed\nunderground.\nLead-Zinc\n(50\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E.)   Noel Routson and partner continued exploratory\nRed Ledge drifting on this property on Stark Creek, a tributary of Toby Creek.\nThe property is at an elevation of 5,500 feet and is 3 miles by trail\nsouth of the Mineral King mine.   It was reported that approximately 100 feet of drift\n* By J. E. Merrett. LODE METALS\n111\nhas been driven by hand-mining in an oxidized zone in limestone of the Dutch Creek\nformation.   Minor scattered occurrences of galena and sphalerite were encountered.\nSilver-Copper\nPtarmigan\nHorsethief Creek (50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E.)\nThis property is at an elevation of 8,600 feet, at the headwaters of\nRed Line Creek, a tributary of McDonald Creek, which in turn is\na tributary of Horsethief Creek. H. K. F. Seel, of Edgewater,\nemploying a crew of two men, reconstructed to truck standards the upper 6 miles of road\nbetween the lower crossing of McDonald Creek and the lower terminal of the old aerial\ntram to the mine. Additional work was done on the 1 Vz miles of jeep-road between the\nlower terminal and the mine. No work was done underground, although the portal of\nthe No. 3 or lowest drift was retimbered and a snowshed was constructed between it and\nthe dump. A 30- by 32-foot machine-shop and compressor-house was constructed near\nby, and an Ingersoll-Rand 310 diesel-driven air compressor was installed. The old\nbunk-house was completely rebuilt and furnished.\n[Reference:  Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1955, p. 71.]\nCopper\nSwansea Mountain (50\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W.)\nCu (Mid-West\nCopper & Uranium\nMines Ltd.)\nCompany office, 614 West Pender Street, Vancouver. A. G. Pent-\nland, consulting geologist. This company holds one Crown-granted\nand twenty-eight recorded claims on Swansea Mountain, 3Vz miles\neast of Athalmer. The mineral showing is at an elevation of 5,100\nfeet on the eastern shoulder of the mountain. To provide access\nto the property, the 2-mile trail to the forestry lookout on the mountain was reconstructed\nto four-wheel-drive vehicle standards.\nMineralization occurs within the Upper Jubilee dolomite in a brecciated zone that\nlies just east of a northerly striking fault. Copper minerals, chiefly malachite and azurite\nwith some bornite and chalcopyrite, occur along narrow discontinuous stringers within\nthe calcite and hematite cement of the breccia. Some diamond drilling was done in 1947\non this property by Sheep Creek Gold Mines Limited.\nBetween May and September a crew of four men completed 40 feet of raising and\n600 feet of drifting and crosscutting.\n[Reference:  B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. 35, 1954, p. 65.]\nSPILLIMACHEEN*\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\nSilver Giant\n(Giant Mascot\nMines Limited)\n(50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E.)    Company office, 908 Royal Bank Building,\nVancouver; mine office, Spillimacheen.   R. B. Buckerfield, president.   A management contract is held by H. L. Hill and associates,\nconsulting mining engineers, Vancouver.   J. M. McDearmid, general superintendent;   J. C. Ehlers, mine superintendent;   J. A.\nVallance, mill superintendent; D. C. Beddie, surface superintendent.   The property is on\nthe west slope of Jubilee Mountain, on the northeast side of Spillimacheen River, 8 miles\nby road from Spillimacheen station on the Kootenay Central Railway.\nDevelopment work included 200 feet of shaft-sinking, 3,061 feet of drifting and\ncrosscutting, 2,238 feet of stope-raising, and 15,700 feet of diamond drilling.\nThe three-compartment No. 1 shaft was extended a slope distance of 200 feet to\nopen up No. 10 level and to provide a sump below it.   In addition to excavating No. 10\n* By J. E. Merrett. 112 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956\nlevel station and loading-pockets, two crosscuts were driven radially to the ore zones and\nslusher drifts were driven along the zones.\nMost of the drifting and crosscutting was done on the No. 6 adit level. This work\nwas done in the investigation of scattered ore occurrences east of the shaft.\nSurface diamond drilling on the Rothschild Crown-granted claim, which was\nacquired during the year, indicated an ore zone 200 feet long and 22 feet wide, with an\naverage grade of 2.61 per cent lead. An exploration programme was commenced to\ninvestigate this occurrence at depth. Surface stripping along the limestone-slate contact\nabove the adits on the Hidden Treasure claim indicated an ore occurrence. Two cuts,\n60 feet apart, exposed a 15-foot width of an average grade of 3.5 per cent lead. This\nclaim lies east of and above the Giant and Rothschild claims.\nApproximately 80 per cent of the mine production was obtained from the footwall\nore zone below No. 8 level. The remainder was obtained throughout the rest of the mine,\nincluding the open pit. The pillars were mined by long-hole stoping methods, and the\nstopes were mined by shrinkage and open stoping methods.\nThe concentrator treated 185,441 tons of ore, an average of 508 tons per calendar\nday. Concentration was by selective flotation, and the recoveries were reported to average\n93.4 per cent of the lead and 84 per cent of the zinc.\nDuring the summer the tailings pond adjacent to the Spillimacheen River was\nenlarged and encompassed with distributing launders.\nThe average number of persons employed was 122, of which seventy-four were\nemployed underground.\nLead-Zinc\n(50\u00b0  116\u00b0 N.E.)    This property, comprising twelve claims, is\nLead Mountain     6 miles by road northeast of the Silver Giant mine in the Spilli-\n(Giant Mascot      macheen Valley.   An agreement was made with The Consolidated\nMines Limited)     Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, to jointly\nexplore the property.\nThe northwest and southeast drifts in the 3930 adit were extended a distance of\n200 feet each to total lengths of 250 feet.   A total of 2,000 feet of diamond drilling was\ndone from these drift extensions.   A crew of three men was employed.\nVOWELL CREEK*\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\n(50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.)    Company office, Suite 1001, 335 Bay Street,\nRuth-Vermont      Toronto.   President, D. R. Derry; property manager, S. M. Man-\n(Rio Canadian      ning.   This property consists of thirteen claims and fractions held\nExploration Ltd.)    under option and fifteen located claims.    The claims  are on\nVermont Creek about 3 miles west of the confluence of that stream\nwith Vowell Creek, which is tributary to the Spillimacheen River by way of Bobby Burns\nCreek.   The mineral occurrences are at an elevation of about 6,000 feet.   Access to the\nproperty is by way of 30 miles of winding road west from Parson on the Kootenay Central\nRailway.\nMineralization is of silver, lead, and zinc in narrow quartz veins and stringers with\nsome replacement of limestone beds near the veins.\nA small crew was employed between July 15th and November 1st. During this\nperiod approximately 10 miles of old logging-road was repaired and in places relocated\nto four-wheel-drive vehicle standards to give truck access to the workings. At the\nproperty, mapping and prospecting were done on the surface and 1,240 feet of old underground workings were surveyed and mapped; 515 feet of drifts were sampled. From the\nunderground workings 1,780 feet of diamond drilling was done.\n[Reference:  Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1936, E 37.]\n* By J. E. Merrett. LODE METALS\n113\nOutcrop of King Fissure ore zone, lordan River.\nLooking down Columbia River towards Revelstoke.   Jordan River heads in the\nhigh mountains left of the photo centre. 114\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956\nREVELSTOKE*\nSilver-Lead-Zinc\nKing Fissure\n(American Standard\nMines Limited)\n(51\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.E.) Company office, 711, 525 Seymour Street, Vancouver. C. Riley, consultant; D. Sloan, manager. This company,\ntogether with New York Alaska Gold Dredging Limited, owns\na large group of claims north of Mount Copeland at the head of\nan unnamed northeasterly flowing tributary of Copeland Creek,\nan easterly flowing tributary of Jordan River. The property is 15 miles by road and\ntrail from a point on the Trans-Canada Highway 2 miles west of Revelstoke. There is\nsome evidence that the extremities of the showing were discovered about fifty years ago,\nbut it was not until 1950 that an attempt was made to develop the property. At that\ntime, interests from the United States started road construction but abandoned the project\nafter two years. In 1955 the ground was staked by S. and A. Brewer, who granted an\noption late in that year to the present owners.\nNo. 1 zone is a vein-like lead-zinc replacement deposit 1 Vz to 8 feet wide, and is\nexposed at intervals over a horizontal length of at least 6,000 feet. The outcrops range\nin elevation between 6,100 and 7,800 feet. The strike is north 60 degrees west. The dip\nis steep to the southwest, except at the northwest end of the showings where the lode\nreverses in dip and flattens. There is a plunge to the east of 15 degrees. This end of\nthe zone may mark the bottom of a trough, of which the vein-like No. 2 zone, exposed\nseveral hundred feet to the north, would be the upturned northeast limb. Such a relationship is perhaps substantiated by the fact that there is a band of marble in the hangingwall\nof No. 1 zone and a similar band in the footwall of No. 2 zone. No. 1 zone, on which\nmost of the work has been done, appears to represent the complete replacement of a\nlimestone band within quartz-mica schist. Barite, pyrite, sphalerite, and fine-grained\ngalena are the noticeable minerals. No. 1 zone is covered with talus or ice for more than\nhalf its strike length.   Five samples were taken, as follows:\u2014\nLocation of Sample\nWidth of\nSamples\nSilver\nLead\nZinc\nNo. 1 zone, east end-\nNo. 1 zone, east end-\nNo. 1 zone, west end-\nNo. 1 zone, west end .\nNo. 2 zone, east end._\n16 in.\n36 in.\n6 ft.\n5<\/2 ft.\n2'\/2 ft.\nOz. per Ton\n4.0\n3.6\n2.3\n2.4\n1.9\nPer Cent\n12.9\n15.1\n12.2\n13.6\n6.9\nPer Cent\n0.5\n3.2\n4.4\n4.5\n2.0\nWork in 1956 was restricted to sampling and open-cut work. A tent camp was\nestablished at 5,300 feet elevation. A start was made on a road which will be very\ndifficult to build. The season's work indicated that although this showing is one of the\nbest surface exposures in southern British Columbia, a very large expenditure will be\nrequired to develop it.\nSKAGIT RIVERf\nCopper\n(49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E.) Company office, Hope. S. A. Perry, Toronto,\npresident; H. D. Forman, general manager; F. R. Thompson,\nmine manager. The A.M. group consists of eight Crown-granted\nclaims, in addition to which, in order to locate a low-level tunnel,\nthe Parks Branch of the Department of Lands and Forests allowed\nuse of a small area in Manning Park under Park Use Permit No. 10. The property is on\nthe western boundary of Manning Park and is about 4 miles by road southerly from\napproximately Mile 26 on the Hope-Princeton Highway. The claims are about 24 miles\nsoutheast of Hope.\nA.M. (Canam\nCopper Company\nLtd.)\n* By J. W. Peck.\nt By R. B. King. LODE METALS\n115\nUnderground development work and diamond drilling, road construction, and building of mine buildings was carried on during the year. The 4300 level crosscut was driven\n3,126 feet with considerable difficulty as it encountered a water-bearing sheared zone\nin granitic rock. In this crosscut, 650 feet of diamond drilhng and 1,692 feet of long-\nhole drilling were done to investigate rock structure and to assist in draining water from\nthe rock ahead of the crosscut. Exploratory diamond drilling totalling 1,181 feet was\ndone on the 4900 level, 5500 level, and on surface of the A.M. claims. On No. 5 level\nof the Invermay group 252 feet of drilling was completed.\nA mill-site just below the 4300 level was selected, and clearing and grading were\ncompleted.    Mine waste was washed and crushed for fill and foundation.\nFifty men were employed.\nCHEAM RANGE*\nCopper\n(49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W.) Company office, 413 Granville Street, Vancouver. T. H. Wilkinson, managing director. This property is\non Foley Peak in the Cheam Range at the head of Wahleach Creek,\nabout 15 miles from Laidlaw. During the year a road 3Vz miles\nlong was constructed from the Chilliwack River to a lake on Ford\nCreek, and from there a pack-trail 3Vz miles long was built to the property. Prospecting\nand geological work were carried out on the property.    Five men were employed.\nLucky Four\n(Rico Copper\nMines Limited)\nHOWE SOUND*\nCopper\nBritannia Mining\nand Smelting Co.\nLimited\n(49\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.E.)    Head office, 730 Fifth Avenue, New York,\nN.Y.;   mine office, Britannia Beach.    H. H. Sharpe, president;\nG. C. Lipsey, vice-president and general manager; T. M. Water-\nland, assistant manager;  L. Allan, mine superintendent.    G. C.\nLipsey succeeded E. C. Roper as vice-president and general manager on January 1st, 1956.    The company owns and operates the Britannia mine and\nmill at Britannia Beach.   The following report, supplied by the management, provides\ndetails of the operation in 1956.\nThe development footage totalled 15,007 feet for all sections of the mine.\nClassification by Type\nClass\nJane\nNo. 8\nBluff\nFairview\nEmpress\nVictoria\nTotal\nDrifts          .                                      \t\nFt.\n1,101\n236\n72\n744\nFt.\n828\n153\n1,385\n528\nFt.\n2,137\n292\n2,095\n978\nFt.\nFt.\nFt.\n2,007\n505\n609\nFt.\n6,073\nCrosscuts                   \t\n367\n970\n1,186\n4,528\nWinzes  \u201e.  .    ...\n528\n2,692\nTotals\n2,153\n2,894\n5,502\n1,337\n3,121\n15,007\nClassification\nby Mines\nMine\nCurrent\nStope\nTotal\nPer Cent\nof Total\nFt.\n1,051\n1,650\n2,393\n2,358\nFt.\n1,102\n1,244\n3,109\n1,337\n763\nFt.\n2,153\n2,894\n5,502\n1,337\n3,121\n14.35\nNo. 8                  \t\n19.28\nBluff \t\n36.66\nFairview     \t\n8.91\n20.80\nTotals    \t\n7,452\n7,555\n15,007\n100.00\n* By R. B. King. 116 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956\nThe ore is mined by caving, shrinkage, open cut-and-fill and filled square set mining\nmethods. The tonnage broken in the various sections of the mine was as follows: Bluff\nmine, 328,672 tons; Fairview mine, 120,104 tons; Victoria mine, 95,775 tons; No. 8\nmine, 160,253 tons; Jane mine, 89,421 tons; Empress mine, 10,572 tons; development, 10,128 tons; a total of 814,925 tons (dry).   The No. 5 mine was inactive.\nThe consumption of explosives and blasting accessories was: Powder, 17,581 cases;\nelectric blasting-caps, 10,495; No. 6 blasting-caps, 290,585; safety fuse, 2,377,540 feet.\nThe accident-frequency rate for the mining department showed a considerable improvement over former years as a result of an intensive safety programme. The frequency\nrate was 0.164 per 1,000 shifts worked. The severity rate was 18.5 shifts per 1,000 shifts\nworked. The total number of men on the mine payroll at the end of the year was 634,\nincluding sixty staff. Total number of shifts worked in the mining department was\n146,362.\nThe total number of full-time employees in all departments at Britannia at the year-\nend was 859. The accident-frequency rate for the whole operation was 0.126 per 1,000\nshifts worked.\nProduction:  Ore milled, 834,458 dry tons.\nTEXADA ISLAND*\nIron\n(49\u00b0 i24\u00b0 N.W.)   Registered office, 626 West Pender Street, Van-\nTexada Mines      couver.   A. D. Christensen, San Francisco, Calif., president; B. L.\nLtd. Alexander, general manager;  J. Kenneth Halley, chief engineer;\nJ. Yuill, mine superintendent.   This property is on the southwest\ncoast of Texada Island and about 3 miles westerly from Gillies Bay, which is nearly\n70 air miles northwest of Vancouver Airport.   The Prescott, Paxton, Yellow Kid, and\nYellow Jacket orebodies were operated during the year.\nMagnetite is mined in pits from levels which are established at 20-foot intervals.\nWaste rock is stripped where necessary and hauled to waste dumps. Vertical holes are\ndrilled with Joy and Gardner-Denver rotary and wagon drills and are blasted electrically.\nThe broken ore or waste is loaded by 2Vz -cubic-yard diesel-driven shovels into 20-ton\ntrucks and is transported to stockpiles or to the concentrator. During the year, changes\nwere made in the concentrator. Ore is crushed in a jaw crusher, and a concentrate is\nmade by magnetic separators. This is crushed by secondary cone and gyratory crushers,\nscreened, and the oversize material is sent to a tertiary stage cone crusher. The fine\nmaterial is conveyed to a storage bin and then to ball mills, where it is ground and classified. Sized material is conveyed to a flotation plant, where a copper concentrate is made.\nA magnetite concentrate is separated magnetically and is dried and stockpiled for\nshipment.\nIn November a portion of the concentrate loading-dock was destroyed. Coarse\nmill tailings had been piled on marine silts along the shoreline and around the dock.\nThe silts were unable to withstand the load and slid out to sea, carrying a portion of the\ndock with them.\nStripping and preparation for mining required the removal of 332,300 cubic yards\nof waste material. In 1956, 280,220 tons of ore was mined and 164,058 tons of magnetite concentrate was shipped. Approximately 130 men were employed. (See also p. 129.)\n* By R. B. King. LODE METALS 117\nVANCOUVER ISLAND*\nQuatsino (50\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.W.)\nCopper\nBritish Columbia office, 2256 West Twelfth Avenue, Vancouver.\nYreka (Noranda    B. O. Brynelson, supervisor;  S. G. Bruce, superintendent.    This\nExploration Com-   property is on the west shore of Neroutsos Inlet about 2 miles\npany, Limited)      south of Pender Point.   The original claims were located in 1898\nand 1899, and active exploration and some mining were carried\non until 1903.   In 1916 work was resumed for about six months.   No further work was\ndone until 1951, when the present company began diamond drilling.    Since that time\ntwo adits have been driven\u2014one at 1,900 feet elevation and the other at 1,750 feet\nelevation.   At the end of the year a third adit at 1,600 feet elevation was started.   In the\ncourse of development work as little ore as possible is broken as the hillside is too steep\nfor stockpiling of ore.   The orebody, a lens-like sulphide zone in skarn, is being delineated\nby diamond drilling.\nUnderground development work was stopped temporarily when a rockslide destroyed\na slack-line tramway which serviced the upper camp and workings. In 1956, 2,455 feet\nof drifting and crosscutting and 30,026 feet of diamond drilling were completed.\nA permanent office-warehouse was built and a shipping-dock was constructed. Twenty-\nfive men were employed.\nCopper\nBenson (Elk) Lake (50\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.E.)\nCompany office, Tadanac.   This property, on the southwest shore\nOld Sport of Benson (Elk) Lake, consists of fifty Crown-granted claims.\n(Coast Copper       The company was incorporated in 1916, and since 1897, when the\nCompany, Limited)   first locations were made, a considerable amount of underground\ndevelopment work has been done.    From 1920 to 1923 little\nwork was done, but in 1924 active development was again undertaken.    Work was\ndiscontinued in 1931.   In 1956 fourteen men were employed for four months in diamond\ndrilling underground.   The total drilled was 5,456 feet.\nIron\nCompany office, 572 Howe Street, Vancouver;  mine office, Port\nEmpire Develop-    McNeill.   S. M. Manning, general manager.   This company was\nment Company     formed in 1956 and optioned the property of Quatsino Copper-\nLimited Gold Mines Limited.   The claims are south of Benson and Kathleen Lakes in the Quatsino-Nimpkish area of northern Vancouver\nIsland.   Deposits of magnetite occur on the Merry Widow No. 5 claim and the Kingfisher\nFractional claim.    The property is reached by a 25-mile road from Port McNeill on\nBroughton Strait.   Nearly 13 miles of road was built, and 11.8 miles of regrading was\nrequired on an existing logging-road to reach a mill-site on Benson River.    Clearing of\nthis area for surface buildings was completed.   The company proposes to install a surface\ntram to service the mine, which is nearly 5,000 feet horizontally and 2,000 feet vertically\nfrom the mill-site.   Clearing of the mine area and tram area was completed.\n* By R. B. King, except as noted. 118\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nMagnetite replacing limestone, North Paxton pit.\nIron Hill pit. LODE METALS\n119\nTahsis Inlet (49\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W.)\nCopper\nCompany office, Lake Cowichan. Hector C. Stone, president;\nRalph Liebel, managing director. These claims are at Tahsis, on\nthe west shore of Tahsis Inlet. The workings, at 1,400 feet elevation, consist mainly of open-cuts and stripping along a mineralized\nskarn bed. During 1956 a tractor-road nearly 2 miles long was\ncompleted from Tahsis to the workings. A temporary camp was built. Seventeen\ndiamond-drill holes were drilled to test a sulphide zone localized within skarn.\nStar of the West\n(Rosea Copper\nMines Ltd.)\nSydney Inlet (49\u00b0 126\u00b0 S.E.)\nCopper\nThis property, consisting of sixteen Crown-granted claims, is on\nIndian Chief       Stewardson Inlet, off Sydney Inlet.   Eight of the claims are owned\nby X.Y.Z. Metals Limited, 612 View Street, Victoria, and eight\nare owned by H. E. Dendoff, 1356 West Forty-fifth Street, Vancouver. The original\nclaims were first reported to be worked in 1898, and some ore was shipped between then\nand 1908. In 1917 a concentrator was built, and concentrates were shipped in 1918,\n1920, 1922, and 1923. In 1928 and 1929 further diamond drilling was carried on. In\n1938 the property was again operated and practically all available copper ore was mined.\nIn 1956 the group was optioned by Newkirk Mining Corporation Limited. Eight\ndiamond-drill holes were drilled to the skarn beds on the Tinnicanum (Lot 580), and\nScotlet (Lot 582), Crown-granted claims in the vicinity of the old mine workings. The\noption was dropped.\nUpper Quinsam Lake (49\u00b0 125\u00b0 N.W.)\nIron\nIron Hill\n(Argonaut Mine)\n(Utah Co. of the\nAmericas)\nCompany office, Campbell River. A. F. Geiger, general manager.\nIron ore mined and milled at this property near Upper Quinsam\nLake is trucked 23 miles to the concentrate-loading dock at Campbell River. In 1956, 9,611 cubic yards of rock was stripped and\n124,536 tons of ore was mined from an open pit in which levels\nare established at regular intervals. The economic limits of stripping had been reached, and the mine was worked as a salvage operation. Work in the\nopen pit ceased on December 22nd, 1956, but clean-up work continued elsewhere.\nAt the concentrator the ore is crushed in stages and magnetite is removed by\nmagnetic separation. Final recovery of the finer sizes is by a process of wet magnetic\nseparation. During the year minor changes were made in the mill to allow reworking\nof the tailings accumulated prior to adding wet separators to the mill circuit.\nThe concentrate is hauled from the mine bunkers to stockpiles at the loading-docks\nby diesel-driven tractor-trailer units.    The average load carried is 50 long tons.\nDuring 1956, 91,746 tons of concentrate was produced from ore mined and 80,148\ntons of concentrate was recovered from reworking 521,000 tons of tailings. Of the\ntonnage stockpiled at the dock, 205,897 tons was shipped. The average number of men\nemployed was 125.\nTsolum River (49\u00b0 125\u00b0 N.E.)\nCopper\nCompany office, 1111 West Georgia Street, Vancouver. Gordon\nC. Murray, president and managing director. This company holds\nninety-six claims by record and four Crown-granted mineral claims\nknown as the Domineer group. These claims are on Mount Washington, at the headwaters of Tsolum River, and are 14 miles northwest of Courtenay.   During the year 2 miles of road was built from an existing road to\nDomineer (Mt.\nWashington Copper Co. Ltd.) 120 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nthe Domineer group. Some surface trenching was done on sulphide zones in skarn beds.\nOn the Murex claims five open-cuts were made to trace a mineralized zone over a length\nof 1,000 feet and a width of 250 feet.   Five hundred feet of diamond drilling was done.\nCowichan Lake (48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.E.)\nCopper\nHead office, 620 Howe Street, Vancouver; mine office, Lake Cow-\nBlue Grouse        ichan.    Oswood G. McDonald, president;   H. R. Shuttleworth,\n(Cowichan Copper  mine manager; D. C. Rotherham, geologist.   This property con-\nCo. Ltd.)* sists of three Crown-granted mineral claims and sixty claims held\nby record.    It includes two old properties, the Blue Grouse and\nSunnyside, and is on the south side of Cowichan Lake about 3 miles by motor-road\nnorthwest of Honeymoon Bay.\nOperations of the Cowichan Copper Co. Ltd. are outlined in the Annual Reports\nfor 1952, 1953, 1954, and 1955. Earlier history and an account of the geology of the\nproperty are in British Columbia Department of Mines Bulletin No. 37, Geology of\nthe Cowichan Lake Area, by J. T. Fyles.\nThe property currently is being explored on two levels designated the 1100 (formerly 950) level and 1340 (formerly 1178) level, and two sublevels\u2014the 1280 and\n1430 levels. In 1956, on the 1100 level, 1,108 feet of crosscutting and 200 feet of\ndrifting were done; a raise 1,000 feet from the 1100 level portal was driven to the 1340\nlevel, and an intersected skarn zone opened from it by 300 feet of drift at the 1280\nsublevel. The total development work included 4,300 feet of drifting and crosscutting,\n1,100 feet of raising, and 18,000 feet of diamond drilling.\nA total of 3,075 tons of ore was shipped in 1956, containing 1,541 ounces of silver\nand 350,261 pounds of copper.\nThe deposit occurs in basaltic flows, tuffs, and agglomerates of the Franklin Creek\nvolcanic formation. Sutton limestone is exposed at the north end of the 1430 level and\ncarbonaceous beds, probably part of the Sutton formation, at the west end of the main\ncrosscut on the 1340 level. The Franklin Creek and Sutton rocks are intruded by\nirregular bodies of feldspar porphyry.\nFormational contacts within the mine area strike northwest to northeast and dip\n25 to 50 degrees eastward and westward. Only a few undisturbed contacts were observed,\nhowever, as most are more or less sheared or fractured. A contact between a flow rock\nand a fragmental bed near the southwest end of the 1100 crosscut indicated a small\nsouthwesterly plunging synclinal fold. Marker beds to outline the folding have not been\nrecognized.\nA zone of garnet-epidote-actinolite skarn forms a southwesterly plunging pipe-like\nbody extending from surface to the 1100 level. The skarn is mineralized with chalcopyrite, pyrite, and pyrrhotite, which occur irregularly in it as stringers and small masses.\nSimilar mineralization in highly epidotized flow rocks that contain no garnet has\nbeen exposed on the 1100 level. The epidote alteration appears to have followed\nextensive fracturing.\nGalena and sphalerite were seen in the Sutton limestone but not elsewhere in the\nmine.\nThe origin of the pipe-like skarn body has been obscure. The skarn evidently is\na replacement of volcanic rock, probably fragmental in nature, but the shape and attitude\nof the body show that it is not a simple replacement of a bed or group of beds. There is\nevidence that the replacement was controlled by fracturing. Two shear zones were noted\nat the exposure of the skarn at surface\u2014one striking north 10 degrees west and dipping\n45 degrees west, the other striking north 80 degrees west and dipping 35 degrees south;\n* By N. D. McKechnie. o\nu\nCO\n.. .\u2022 \u2022 LODE METALS 121\nthe former has also been recognized at the hangingwall of the zone on the 1340 level.\nThe line of intersection of the two shears rakes 34 degrees in a direction south 32 degrees\nwest. This corresponds almost exactly to the rake of the skarn pipe, south of a post-\nmineral fault, between the 1430 and 1100 levels. The strike of the skarn is north\n10 degrees west and the dip 40 degrees west.\nThese conditions would obtain if the zone now represented by skarn were the\nexpression of a conjugate shear pattern of strike north 10 degrees west, dip 45 degrees\nwest and strike north 80 degrees west, dip 35 degrees south. The intersection of the\nshears is the common intersection of the three planes of the conjugate system, including\nthat of the tension fractures, and its inclination is the rake of the system. Depending on\ncircumstances such as surrounding rock pressures, direction of easiest relief, and internal\nrock stresses, one or other of the conjugate shears usually will develop more strongly than\nthe other. Less commonly, under conditions of diminished pressure, the dominant shear\nmay locally develop as a zone of tensional fractures. These tensional fractures, which\nform theoretically an en echelon series, actually constitute a tensional or breccia area\nwithin a zone that elsewhere is a locus of shearing. This means that the zone has the\nstrike and dip of the dominant shear direction and rakes parallel to the line of intersection\nof the conjugate shears; this line is the intermediate strain axis of the conjugate system.\nThis parallelism of the skarn zone with west-dipping shearing and with the line of\nintersection of conjugate shears indicates that the zone represents a zone of reduced\npressure and of fracture. A reduction of pressure could be localized on or near an axis\nof folding in the volcanic rocks, and could recur, possibly along the strike of the dominant\nshear. The foregoing analysis is admittedly speculative and cannot be proved with the\ndata now available, but speculation on the structural origin of an important orebody can\nbe an aid to development.\nPost-mineral slips and faults are numerous in the mine area. Two strike directions\npredominate, northwest-southeast and north-south; dips mostly are less than 50 degrees.\nOne such fault, striking very irregularly west-northwest and dipping about 35 degrees\nsouth, cuts through the skarn zone at the 1340 level and produces a horizontal displacement of the skarn of about 15 feet. On the footwall side of the fault the skarn zone dips\nabout 70 degrees west and rakes 15 degrees southwest, whereas on the hangingwall side,\nas previously noted, the dip is 40 degrees and the rake 35 degrees. This could mean\nthat there has been considerable movement on the fault and that the skarns on either\nside are not parts of the same body. However, there is evidence that the displacement\nof the skarn probably is small. The projection of the skarn on the longitudinal section\n(Fig. 10) indicates a vertical displacement about equal to the horizontal one, an\nunlikely agreement if the displacement is much more than that indicated. Furthermore,\nthe fault is very variable in attitude and is not with certainty traceable very far to the\nnorthwest, neither of which facts suggests extensive movement on the fault plane. The\nexistence of near-parallel faults, near by on the 1340 level and down dip on the 1100\nlevel, suggests the existence of a fault zone in which movement has been taken up on\na number of irregular and discontinuous breaks, each representing a limited movement.\nThe skarns on either side of the fault, therefore, probably are parts of the same body.\nThe structural and time relationships of the feldspar porphyry to the skarn are not\nclear. As shown on Figure 10, its outlines are very irregular; on surface it follows in\ngeneral a northwest trend across the mine area. Tongues of porphyry cut the skarn, and\nin one place at least, near surface, skarn apparently stops against the porphyry. In thin\nsection the rock shows considerable alteration to epidote, sericite, and carbonates; no\ncopper sulphides were found in it.   No inclusions of mineralized skarn were found in it.\nTen separate copper occurrences have been indicated in underground workings and\nin diamond-drill holes. Of these, only those designated as the \" G \" and \" H \" orebodies,\nthe skarn zones on the footwall and hangingwall sides respectively of the post-mineral 122 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nfault just described, have been opened extensively. The \" G \" body is exposed at surface,\non the 1430 level, and for a few feet on the 1340 level; the \"H,\" which probably is\na continuation of the same body, is exposed on the 1430, 1340, and 1280 levels and\nfor a few feet on the 1100 level. The \"E\" body, seen by the writer only on the 1100\nlevel, is indicated as extending to the 1340 level and is being further explored. It differs\nfrom the others in the absence of garnetite skarn.\nThe ore developed to date is chiefly in the G-H orebody. As indicated on the\nlongitudinal section, the boundaries of the orebody between levels are not known with\nany certainty, so that its actual dimensions are only approximately known. It is estimated\nthat this orebody may contain about 125,000 tons. No samples were taken. The bulk\nof the ore shipped to date obviously has been taken from the G-H body. This amounts\nto 13,270 tons and averages 6.2 per cent copper. The material probably was selected to\nsome extent and certainly was higher in grade than would be expected from ordinary\nstoping in which dilution would be a factor. No estimates of tonnage and grade of the\n\" E \" body, nor of the tonnage possibilities of other exposures of mineralization, were\npossible to the end of 1956.\nThis group of claims, held by record, is 3 miles south of Mesachie\nLorry Lake.    In 1955 Copper Ridge Silver Zinc Mines Limited did\nsome underground development, and later the claims reverted to\nthe owner, W. F. McLaren. During 1956 Mr. McLaren began rehabilitation of the\nworkings and installed machinery in preparation for mining and shipping chalcopyrite\nore.\nThe Fraser group consists of sixteen mineral claims on the north-\nFraser* west side of Long Creek, a southwesterly flowing tributary of\nRobertson River about 5 miles south of the village of Mesachie\nLake. The group is about 2 miles from the river. It is held by record by W. G. Fraser,\nof Nanaimo.\nThe rocks are volcanic flows of intermediate to basic compositions interspersed with\nminor fragmental types which are characterized by small irregular lenses and nodules of\nepidote. The rocks probably are part of the Franklin Creek volcanic formation (B.C.\nDept. of Mines, Bull. 37).   They are cut by dykes and sills of granite and diorite.\nThe mineralization, exposed on the Hillcrest claim, is of pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, and minor pyrite in an andesitic flow. The mineralization is exposed continuously\nfor about 100 feet and is again shown in a cross-trench about 40 feet to the southwest,\nso that it has an apparent length of some 140 feet. The zone is well oxidized. The\nattitude of the mineralization is not clear, but at the exposure it appears to trend about\nnortheast by north and to dip steeply to the southeast. A granite dyke seen near the\nnortheast end of the exposure appears to be younger than the mineralization.\nNitinat (48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.)t\nCopper\nThe Nitinat area, extending northeastward some 35 miles from the west coast of\nVancouver Island and about 5 miles west of Cowichan Lake, is a region comprising the\nwatershed of Nitinat River and Nitinat Lake. It includes the Caycuse River, a major\nstream flowing west into Nitinat Lake. It is accessible for automobiles by a logging-\nroad which follows the south side of Cowichan Lake from the village of Lake Cowichan.\nMotor-roads branch from this road southwestward along the east shore of Nitinat Lake\nto the Caycuse River and northeastward up the Nitinat River to Parker Creek. Access\nby boat is through the outlet of Nitinat Lake, just northwest of Clo-oose village, to the\nhead of the lake, about 15 miles distant.\n* By N. D. McKechnie.\nt By N. D. McKechnie and R. B. King.\nJ LODE METALS 123\nThe region is underlain by Triassic and older volcanic and sedimentary rocks of\nthe Vancouver group, the Sutton limestone, the Franklin Creek volcanics, and the Sicker\ngroup, cut by Jurassic-Cretaceous intrusive rocks related to the Saanich granodiorite.\nOccurrences of minerals of copper, lead, and zinc have been known for about sixty-five\nyears, the earliest discoveries having been made at the headwaters of the Nitinat River.\nDescriptions of the geology and mineral deposits are given in the following publications: C. H. Clapp, Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem. 13, Southern Vancouver Island; Minister\nof Mines, B.C., Ann. Repts., 1893, 1895, 1899, 1916, 1922, 1931, 1932, 1936, 1953;\nJ. T. Fyles, B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. 37, Geology of the Cowichan Lake Area.\nStarting in 1956, explorations were undertaken by companies organized and directed\nby Oswood G. McDonald, of Vancouver. Their operations are described below under\nthe appropriate company names.\nCompany office, 620 Howe Street, Vancouver.    H. H. Harder,\nNadira Mines      manager; J. F. Kendall-Leicester, geologist.   The property includes\nLimited fifty-two claims, held by record, at and north of the headwaters of\nHorse Creek, a westward-flowing tributary of Parker Creek which\nenters the Nitinat River 7 miles northeast of Nitinat Lake. Descriptions of the mineralization and local geology have been given in the Annual Reports for 1931 (p. 165) and\n1932 (p. 202) under Southern Cross, and for 1953 (p. 170) under Bornite; the latter\nis the most complete.\nIn 1942 Bralorne Mines Limited did some surface work and diamond drilled six\nholes on surface showings in the area. In 1956 portable camp buildings were put on the\nproperty by the present company, a geophysical survey was made, and a total of 11,902\nfeet was diamond drilled in forty-three holes. The rocks are greenstones, with minor\ninterbeds of limestone, of the Vancouver group intruded by feldspar porphyry. In the\nmineralized zone the volcanic rocks are extensively altered to a skarn composed of ilvaite\n(a black silicate of calcium and iron) and brown garnet. The mineralization, chiefly\nchalcopyrite with minor bornite, is associated with skarn.\nThe principal showing, at about 1,450 feet elevation on the north side of the divide\nbetween the northwest and southwest forks of Horse Creek, is a well-mineralized skarn\nzone on the footwall side of a lenticular feldspar porphyry body which strikes north\n20 degrees east and dips 75 degrees eastward. The showing is traceable for a strike\nlength of about 200 feet and is exposed at the southerly end to a width of about 40 feet.\nThe greenstone here is amygdaloidal and the sulphides occur in vesicles as well as along\nnumerous fine fractures in the skarn. A fault striking north 30 degrees east and dipping\n60 degrees east is exposed on the footwall side of the showing.\nFour diamond-drill holes were drilled from two places about 200 feet lower in\nelevation and between 450 and 500 feet east of the showing. Two holes at 35 and 50\ndegrees respectively below horizontal were drilled from each place. All four holes\npassed under the downward projection of the showing, but none showed appreciable\nmineralization. All four cut the fault. Feldspar porphyry was identified in only one\nhole but not in the hole immediately above, so it could not have been part of the body\nexposed at surface. All four cores showed a reversal of dip of the volcanics from east to\nwest on the footwall side of the fault. In two of the holes the dip was shown to be east\nin the immediate footwall and reversed farther west. This indicates a small anticline on\nthe footwall side of the fault; if this is a minor structure due to the fault movement, then\nthe east side moved down relative to the west. Nothing was found to suggest the direction of horizontal movement.\nSkarn zones, some showing sulphide mineralization, recur to the northwest for some\n500 feet, but little work has been done on them. 124 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956\n(48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.)    O. G. MacDonald, manager.   This group of\nAvallin seventy-eight claims, held by location, are in the Nitinat River\ndrainage area.    During the year a geophysical survey was made\nand 1,048 feet of diamond drilling was done on an anomaly.\n(48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.)    O. G. MacDonald, manager.    This group of\nTanitin ninety-six claims, held by record, are on Parker Creek and the\nNitinat River.    During the year a geophysical survey was carried\nout and 1,074 feet of diamond drilling was done on an anomaly.    Some surface work\nwas done and 12 feet of adit was driven on a copper and magnetite mineralized zone.\nJordan River (48\u00b0 124\u00b0 S.E.)\nHead  office,   Tadanac;   mine   office,   Jordan  River.     Capital:\nSunloch and        3,500,000 shares, no par value.    These two adjacent properties\nGabbro (Sunro     are on the Jordan River about 1 mile upstream from the settlement\nMines Limited)     of River Jordan.   The present workings are reached by a branch\nroad, 1 mile long, that leaves the Provincial highway from Victoria\nabout half a mile east of River Jordan post office.\nThe Sunloch property of thirty Crown-granted claims, controlled by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, and the Gabbro property of\ntwenty Crown-granted claims, owned by Gabbro Copper Mines Limited, were consolidated under the name of Sunro Mines Limited.\nOn November 1st an access road was started to a portal site about 100 feet above\nthe river and 1 mile from its mouth. This adit is to explore the downward extension of\nthe chalcopyrite mineralization in shear zones in the basalt and gabbro. LODE METALS 125\nIRON-ORE DEPOSITS IN COASTAL AND SOUTHWESTERN\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nBy W. R. Bacon\nThe 1952 Report of the Minister of Mines contained an account of the magnetite\ndeposits of British Columbia then being mined or explored. The present report is of\na supplementary nature, dealing mainly with developments subsequent to 1952.\nIn 1952 operations were confined to the contact metamorphic deposits of Vancouver\nIsland and Texada Island. The report of that year included detailed accounts of the\nPrescott, Paxton, and Lake deposits on Texada Island; the Iron Hill, Quatsino, and\nF.L. deposits on Vancouver Island; a brief report on the Iron River deposit, Vancouver\nIsland; and a note concerning diamond drilling of the Head Bay deposits, Vancouver\nIsland.\nIn 1956 the Iron Hill operation was in its final phase. Mining continued on Texada\nIsland in the Prescott, Paxton, and the recently developed Yellow Kid pits, but the Lake\ndeposit was mined out in 1955. The F.L. deposit remained idle, but the Quatsino deposit\nwas being readied for production, and exploration was resumed at Iron River. Elsewhere\na promising iron prospect on Tasu Sound, Moresby Island, was being diamond drilled.\nSince 1952 some attention has been given certain deposits that are not of contact\nmetamorphic origin. Included are the taconite* deposits of the Ladysmith area and\nSaltspring Island, and the magnetite-bearing pyroxenite masses of the Tulameen area.\nIn order to emphasize the fact that the deposits under discussion are of various origins,\nthey are grouped according to their geological type. The main characteristics of the three\ntypes of deposits are as follows:\u2014\nContact metamorphic:\u2014\n(1) Magnetite is generally associated with skarn in which brown garnet is\ncommonly the dominant mineral.\n(2) The deposits occur along or close to contacts between folded metamorphosed rocks and Coast intrusive rocks.\n(3) The deposits occur adjacent to limestone, or in limestone.\n(4) The deposits are highly irregular in outline  and generally terminate\nabruptly.\n(5) The grade is relatively high, ranging from 35 per cent to nearly 60 per\ncent iron.\nTaconite:\u2014\n(1) Exceedingly fine-grained magnetite and minor specularite and hematite\noccur in lenticular beds of chert and red jasper.\n(2) The known deposits occur in the Sicker sediments.\n(3) The deposits are regular in outline.\n(4) The grade of the few deposits that have been investigated is low, generally\n25 per cent iron or less.\nPyroxenite:\u2014\n(1) Magnetite occurs as segregations and disseminated grains and in veins in\npyroxenite.\n(2) The deposits are undoubtedly large, and their limits would be economic\nrather than geologic.\n(3) Maximum grade appears to be of the order of 20 per cent iron.\nContact Metamorphic Deposits\nMoresby Island\n(52\u00b0 132\u00b0 N.E.)    The Tassoo property is on the south side of\nTassoo Tasu Sound.   It is being explored by St. Eugene Mining Corpora-\n(Wesfrob Mines    tion Limited.   Figure 11 shows the claims of immediate interest;\nLimited) with the exception of the Ella and China Boy, all are owned by\nWesf rob Mines Limited.\n* Taconite is a term applied to ferruginous cherts.   It was used originally in the iron ranges of the Lake Superior\nregion.  LODE METALS 127\nIn 1908-09 surface work was done on the property, and in 1913 an adit was driven\nto explore the ground beneath outcrops of magnetite containing disseminated chalcopyrite.\nAn aerial tramway was installed from the workings eastward to the beach, and shipments\nof ore totalling 5,180 tons were made during the years 1914 to 1917.\nThe writer examined the property in early July, 1956, shortly after the commencement of a diamond-drilling programme.\nThe showings are on a heavily wooded slope. Natural outcrops are not common,\nbut much of the overburden is at most a few feet deep. Abundant magnetite float occurs\non the slope.\nBoth granitic rock and limestone occur in the immediate vicinity of the Tassoo\ndeposits. The magnetite occurs extensively in greenstone and along the contact between\ngreenstone and a band of limestone of unknown thickness. A large piece of magnetite\nfrom the underground workings was observed to contain fragments of limestone, a fact\nwhich suggests that some of the magnetite may have formed by replacement of this rock.\nIrregular patches of skarn, consisting of epidote and brownish-pink garnet, occur in the\ngreenstone. The development of skarn is comparatively meagre, but in every way the\nsetting of the Tassoo deposits is typical of the principal magnetite deposits of the coastal\narea of British Columbia.\nCompany geologists have traced the zone of mineralization shown in Figure 11\nby mapping the position of widely separated outcrops and abundant float and by use of\nthe dip needle. Continuity of mineralization remains to be proved, particularly for that\npart of the zone which is entirely in greenstone. Here presumably the magnetite is related\nto fractures or possibly to brecciation, of which there is evidence in some of the exposures.\nWith regard to this part of the zone, an additional feature of uncertainty is the quantity\nof andesite, basalt, and feldspar porphyry dykes in the greenstone, for, as far as is\npresently known, these dykes are unmineralized.\nAs a rule the magnetite is fine grained and massive, but in places it is crystalline.\nPyrite, pyrrhotite, and chalcopyrite occur erratically and generally in very minor amounts.\nIn the adit from which shipments were made, however, the magnetite contains an appreciable amount of chalcopyrite. This adit, known as the upper adit, is at an elevation of\n1,165 feet. It has been driven southwestward a distance of 300 feet, intersecting greenstone, two bands of limestone, of which the thickest is 25 feet, and six mineralized bands,\nfrom 4 to 28 feet wide.\nThe ore shipments came largely from the 28-foot mineralized band, which is 96 to\n124 feet from the portal. This band has been stoped for a length of 75 feet to an\napproximate height of 25 feet above the floor of the adit. A winze on the southern\nmargin of the band is reported to be 40 feet deep. A very minor amount of material has\nbeen mined from the sixth and last band encountered in the adit, at 253 to 271 feet from\nthe portal. The ore shipped averaged 1.6 per cent copper, 0.27 ounce silver per ton,\nand 0.02 ounce gold per ton. The initial shipment of 1,136 tons is reported to have contained 62 per cent iron (Minister of Mines, B.C., Ann. Rept., 1914, p. 162).\nA second adit, called the lower adit, was driven at an elevation of 1,037 feet, from\na point 160 feet east and 37 feet north of the portal of the upper adit. The lower adit\nwas driven approximately south 65 degrees west for a distance of 204 feet. It is entirely\nin greenstone but is not long enough to reach the mineralized bands in the upper adit,\nfrom which the ore shipments were made.\nAn easily accessible, very impressive zone of magnetite mineralization appears to be\nindicated on the Tassoo property. Should magnetite bodies of sufficient size be found to\nensure a profitable iron-mining operation, the copper content may be significant, if there\nis sufficient copper to justify inclusion of flotation as part of the milling procedure.\nTo December 21st, 1956, thirty-nine AX holes totalling 9,837 feet and twenty-five\npacksack holes averaging about 35 feet had been drilled. 128\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956\nDIAMOND   DRILL   HOLES\nLength       Bearing      Dip\n-240',     S5I\u00b0W.    -35\u00b0\n185',\nS55\u00b0W.\n-45\u00b0\n201 ',\nS 51\u00b0 W,\n-45\u00b0\n200',\nS5I\u00b0 W,\n-43\u00b0\n\u2022134'.\nS48\u00b0W,\n-45\u00b0\n\u2022147',\nS 5 1 \u00b0 W.\n-45\u00b0\n\u2022188',\nS5I\u00b0W,\n-45\u00b0\n185',\n160'.\nS52\u00b0W.   -45\nS44\u00b0W,    -45\nMAC No.2\n285'.     S27\u00b0W,    -38\n217',   N37\u00b0E, -45'\n145'.     S60\u00b0W,  -45'\nMagnetic high\n,   900 0 900 1800,-     ,\nScale    __________________________________________    reet\nFigure 12. Star group, Porcher Island. LODE METALS 129\nPorcher Island\n(54\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E.)   Utah Co. of the Americas is the assessed owner\nStar (Utah Co. of    of ten Crown-granted mineral claims, Star Nos. 1 to 10, on the\nthe Americas)      northeast coast of Porcher Island.    The company also holds by\nrecord one full and five fractional claims (Mac No. 1, Mac Nos. 2\nto 6 fractional) that were located in 1955 to fill gaps between certain of the Star claims.\nFollowing a magnetometer survey of the claims in 1955, the company investigated\nthe more promising magnetic anomalies by diamond drilling. Twelve holes were drilled,\ntotalling 2,285 feet.\nA good description of the magnetite occurrences on the Star group is in \" The Iron\nOres of Canada, Volume 1, British Columbia and Yukon,\" pages 21 to 24.\nDark-grey to greenish-grey, generally well-bedded rocks outcrop along the northeast\ncoast of Porcher Island. The dark-grey bands are quite siliceous. Chlorite and, to a\nlesser extent, biotite and actinolite are conspicuous in the greenish-grey rocks, some of\nwhich appear distinctly tuffaceous. Epidote is common and in places abundant; brown\ngarnet is less common. A little magnetite was noted in veinlets in the massive garnet,\nbut neither the garnet nor the epidote is closely associated with the magnetite deposits.\nThe rocks strike northwestward and dip northeastward at angles of 60 to 70 degrees.\nThey have been described as schists, and undoubtedly this term is generally applicable\nover a larger area, but in the vicinity of the deposits an appreciable percentage of the\nrock is not markedly schistose. The schistosity, where present, is essentially parallel to\nthe bedding.\nThe magnetite is very fine grained. It occurs in conformable streaks and lenses in\nthe more schistose parts of the greenish-grey rocks. In a very few places it occurs as\na narrow band of solid mineral. A minor amount of fine pyrite is commonly present\nin the better-mineralized areas.   Minute amounts of chalcopyrite were noted.\nThe locations of the magnetite-bearing zones investigated by diamond drilling are\nshown in Figure 12. The drilling indicated, to a depth of 150 feet, at least several\nhundred thousand tons of magnetite-bearing rock with a grade of the order of 35 per cent\niron. The drilling emphasized, however, the streakiness and lenticularity of the occurrences. The magnetite is in lenses commonly separated by greater thicknesses of waste.\nThe lenses are generally less than 15 feet in maximum thickness.\nTexada Island\n(49\u00b0  124\u00b0 N.W.)    Registered office, 626 West Pender Street,\nTexada Mines      Vancouver.   A. D. Christensen, San Francisco, president;  B. L.\nLtd. Alexander, general manager;   J. K. Halley, assistant manager;\nJ. Yuill, mine superintendent; L. Smillie, mill superintendent.\nIn the first four years of operation the company exported approximately 1,250,000\nlong tons of magnetite concentrates averaging 56.7 per cent iron, 1.18 per cent sulphur,\nand 0.18 per cent copper. The ore was exported to Japan, except for 114,000 tons\nshipped to West Germany. Concentration was relatively simple, involving crushing,\ngrinding, and dry magnetic separation. Because the flow-sheet contained no positive\nprocedure to remove the copper and sulphur content of the mill-feed, it was necessary\nto blend carefully ore that contained appreciable sulphides (pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrho-\ntite) in order to ensure that the product shipped met the specifications of the purchaser.\nProduction has come from the open pits shown in Figure 13. The Lake deposit\nwas mined out in 1955, but an important reserve has been established in the Yellow Kid\ndeposit. The successful development of the Yellow Kid deposit is the result of systematic\nexploration based on awareness of the nature of the ore occurrences, for the size and\ngrade of the surface showings were anything but impressive.\n5 130\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nA F\nA      ,.\n^.V>%v_v^v_V>_\nMMM-M;3CM\no.2\no\na y=\nO   i_\nQ. O\nE.S\nu~l o\n\"3S\nHi ^\n.a <>l\na)     .\n3\nis\n\u2022o\n3\n60 LODE METALS\n131\nProduction in the immediate future will come largely from the Yellow Kid, Paxton,\nand Prescott pits. Because all three deposits contain significant amounts of sulphides,\nthe milling procedure has been radically changed. The old mill serves mainly as a\ncrushing plant, although it also rejects coarse waste. A new mill completed in September,\n1956, contains two 8- by 8-foot Marcy ball mills, each capable of grinding 65 tons per\nhour, and flotation cells that produce a copper concentrate. Wet, rather than dry, magnetic separation is employed. Water for the new mill is piped from Paxton Lake, but\nduring dry periods it may be necessary to supplement this supply with sea-water. The\nB.C. Electric transmission-line across Texada Island into the camp-site at Gillies Bay\nhas been completed, and conversion from diesel to electric power has been made.\nIron River (Utah\nCo. of the\nAmericas)\nVancouver Island\n(49\u00b0 125\u00b0 N.E.)    The Iron River deposits are in the Esquimalt\nand Nanaimo Railway Belt Land Grant.   They are in Lot 242,\n11 miles southwest of Campbell River.   The property is accessible\nby road.   The property has been leased by The Argonaut Co. Ltd.\nand is now leased by that company's parent organization, Utah Co.\nof the Americas, from the owner, Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited.   The lessees\nmade a magnetometer survey of the property, diamond drilled the most promising areas,\nand have mined a httle ore from the West deposit for mill test purposes.\nFigure 14 shows the deposits and the location of the diamond-drill holes. The\nWest deposit has been known for years and is described in \" The Iron Ores of Canada,\nVolume 1, British Columbia and Yukon,\" pages 71 to 73. The presence of the East\ndeposit was indicated by the magnetometer survey and confirmed by diamond drilling.\nOutcrops of greenstone, garnetite, and limestone occur in the area of Figure 14,\nand granodiorite outcrops to the east. To the west and southwest of the deposits, all\nthese rocks are overlain by Upper Cretaceous sandstones and conglomerates which are\nyounger than the deposits.\nThe West deposit outcrops on a knoll surrounded by glacial drift, and there is little\nsurface indication of the East deposit. Because of the lack of outcrop and the fact that\nthe drill core was not available at the time of examination (August, 1956), it is not possible to discuss the geological setting of the deposits, other than to observe that the\nmagnetite is intimately associated with the garnetite.\nThe magnetite in the West deposit is generally fine grained, but some coarse crystalline material is also present. Hematite, chalcopyrite, and pyrite occur in minor amounts.\nIn addition to garnet, small patches of calcite were noted in various specimens of ore.\nFrom information generously supplied by both owners and lessees, it appears that\nthe West deposit is a particularly irregular one, any section of which is crudely lenticular.\nIt plunges northeastward at approximately 30 degrees but does not extend as far in this\ndirection as Holes 11 and 12. It persists to a maximum depth of 175 feet below the\nsurface.\nThe East deposit appears to trend northeastward and dip northwestward at approximately 45 degrees.\nMore drilling is required, particularly on the East deposit, before the ultimate tonnage available in both deposits can be stated, but to date about 800,000 tons grading\n36 per cent iron, 0.9 per cent sulphur, and 0.35 per cent copper can be classified as\nprobable ore. Of this amount, roughly three-quarters is contained in the West deposit.\n(49\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W.) The company owns the Glengarry, Stormont,\nand Texas Crown-granted mineral claims, and holds by record the\nDundas group of four claims and the Russell group of eight claims.\nThe company also owns Lot 62 (35 acres) covering a wharf-site\nat Head Bay, which is the northern extremity of Tlupana Arm,\nNootka Sound. The claims extend northwestward along a low\nridge to the west of the Sucwoa River, which drains southeastward\nGlengarry and\nStormont (Canadian Collieries\n(Dunsmuir)\nLimited) 132\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nJ LODE METALS 133\ninto Head Bay. The showings are at elevations from 250 to 430 feet above sea-level in\nheavily wooded country.   All are within 2 miles of Head Bay.\nThe majority of the numerous showings are on the Glengarry and Stormont claims\n(see Fig. 15). The occurrence of iron here has been known for more than fifty years.\nA report on the occurrences known in 1924 is in \" The Iron Ores of Canada, Volume 1,\nBritish Columbia and Yukon,\" pages 231 to 235.\nThe property is underlain by limestone and greenstone and presumably by granitic\nrock at no great depth. The magnetite is intimately associated with garnet, and the\ndeposits as a whole are considered to be largely replacements of limestone. Most of\nthe magnetite is remarkably free of pyrite or any other sulphide.\nA considerable amount of surface work has been done on the showings in past years.\nIn 1951 and 1952, 115 short holes, totalling 6,972 feet, were diamond drilled to explore\nthe various showings.\nAccording to information supplied by Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited\n(N. R. Whittall, president), the drilling indicated the presence of 360,000 tons of ore\naveraging 42.7 per cent iron. The ore is in eleven distinct localities (see Fig. 15),\nas follows:\u2014 _   .\nGrade\nLocality Tons (Per Cent Iron)\nA  8,500 52.5\nB  9,000 50.0\nC  23,500 35.6\nD  58,000 37.5\nE  5,750 40.3\nF  174,000 40.7\nG  15,400 50.9\nH  33,000 55.4\nI  24,800 45.2\nJ _ - 6,000 50.7\nK  2,000 50.8\n(50\u00b0 126\u00b0 S.W.) This property consists of a single northwestward-\nKlaanch trending row of eight Crown-granted mineral claims.   The claims\nare about 5 miles south of Nimpkish Lake. The group marks the\nsite of the first mining activity (in 1897) in the Quatsino-Nimpkish area.\nThe property covers a northwestward-trending contact between limestone on the\nsouthwest and greenstone on the northeast. Skarn, magnetite, pyrite, and some chalcopyrite occur in the contact area. From scattered exposures the approximate position of\nthe contact is inferred for a length of 9,000 feet.\nThe Iron Crown and Rhoda are the southeasternmost claims of the group. They\nare held under option by A. H. Upton, of Vancouver.\nA magnetometer survey of the Iron Crown claim was made by E. Lindeman in 1907,\nand from the results of the survey he concluded that there were three magnetite deposits\nor groups of deposits on this claim. Following a similar survey of the claims, approximately 11,000 feet of diamond drilling was done during 1954 and 1955.\nThe following notes on the Iron Crown and Rhoda are from reports of J. M. Black,\nconsulting geologist, that were made available by Mr. Upton.\nBecause outcrops other than magnetite are scarce, knowledge of the environment of\nthe deposits has been gained largely from the drill cores. Apparently the setting is\ntypically contact metamorphic, with diorite intruding greenstone and limestone. Skarn,\nconsisting of garnet and epidote, is developed in the greenstone. The magnetite deposits\nappear to be replacements of greenstone and, possibly, to a lesser extent of limestone.\nWaste within the deposits consists of unreplaced greenstone, skarn, limestone, calcite,\nquartz vein material, and pyrite. Minute amounts of chalcopyrite, hematite, and pyrrho-\ntite are also present. 134\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956 LODE METALS 135\nFour orebodies, referred to as the River, Road, South, and East, have been drilled.\nThe River and South bodies are partly exposed, but the Road and East bodies are completely covered by overburden. An estimated 1,800,000 tons of ore, averaging 46.2 per\ncent iron and 1.33 per cent sulphur, is considered as proved. The bodies are favourably\nsituated for open-pit mining.\n[Reference: Canada Department of Mines, Iron Ore Occurrences in Canada,\nVol. 2, 1917, pp. 14-15, and Map 442; Geol. Surv. Canada, Summ. Rept., Pt. A, 1930,\np. 131.]\nTaconite Deposits*\nLadysmith\n(48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.W.) Several deposits of taconite are known near\nLady A Ladysmith, and those at the locality known as the Lady A have\nbeen diamond drilled. This locality is 8 miles southwest of Ladysmith and is accessible by 12.4 miles of logging-road.\nThe taconite at the Lady A locality is 1 Vz miles due west of the top of Coronation\nMountain on either side of Chipman Creek, a southward-flowing tributary of Chemainus\nRiver. The showings are at an elevation of about 2,000 feet above sea-level, near the\nbottom of the logged-off valley of Chipman Creek. The deposit on the west side of\nChipman Creek is called the A deposit and that on the east side of the creek, about one-\nquarter of a mile southeast of the A deposit, is called the C deposit.\nIn 1953 the Lady A deposits and others of similar type were brought to the attention\nof Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited by M. E. Broan, former manager at Iron\nHill. As a result, Ladysmith Development Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of Canadian\nCollieries (Dunsmuir) Limited, was formed to explore the Lady A deposits, and did so\nby diamond drilling during the summer of 1953.   Mr. Broan was in charge of this work.\nThe Lady A deposits are lenses of taconite in cherty sediments of the Sicker group\n(see B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. 37, pp. 13-15). Locally the sediments strike northwestward and dip northeastward at about 50 to 60 degrees. The deposits consist of bands\nof exceedingly fine-grained magnetite and minor amounts of specularite and hematite in\ngrey chert and red jasper.   Jasper is more common in the C deposit than in the A.\nThe A deposit is exposed near the bottom of the valley of Chipman Creek in an area\nof limited outcrop. It strikes northwest, dips about 50 degrees northeast, and outcrops\nover a strike length of 350 feet and a maximum width of 60 feet. The company reports\nthat twelve holes totalling 1,278 feet were diamond drilled to test the deposit. Most\nof the holes were vertical and drilled along two rows running parallel to the strike of the\ntaconite. One row of holes was drilled on the hangingwall side of the outcrop, and\na second row 100 feet northeast of the first.   A few other holes were drilled at random.\nAlthough the drilling did not completely delimit the deposit, it showed that it has\nan average thickness of less than 30 feet, and the company estimated it to contain 360,000\ntons with an average grade of 25 per cent iron.\nThe C deposit outcrops at the base of bluffs on the north side of a fan of slide\nmaterial which fills the bottom of a creek tributary to Chipman Creek. Like the A, the\nC deposit strikes northwest and dips 60 degrees northeast. The taconite is exposed for\na strike length of 175 feet and has an apparent thickness of about 50 feet, but the\nhangingwall is poorly defined and the footwall is covered with slide material. Two\nhorizontal holes were diamond drilled from the lower side of the outcrop to crosscut the\ndeposit. The first of these holes was drilled beneath the northwest exposure of the\ntaconite, and the entire 117 feet of the hole was in taconite. The second horizontal\nhole, 125 feet southeast of the first, was 158 feet long and was also entirely in taconite.\nThe true thickness of the northeastward-dipping taconite band is not calculable from these\n* By W. R. Bacon and J. T. Fyles. 136 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956\nholes, which were collared above the footwall and apparently did not reach the hanging-\nwall, but a thickness at the elevation of the holes of as much as 150 feet is indicated.\nA third hole, 198 feet long, was drilled from the first set-up in a northwesterly direction\ndownwards at 45 degrees, and a fourth hole, 197 feet long, was drilled from the second\nset-up in a northwesterly direction downwards at 60 degrees. Both these holes, drilled\ndown the dip of the band, were entirely in taconite.\nIn the two horizontal holes the average grades were 16.4 and 9.5 per cent iron.\nIn the two inclined holes the corresponding average grades were 20.2 and 30.5 per cent\niron. The relatively high grades obtained in the inclined holes emphasize the banded\nnature of these deposits. The inclined holes probably followed bands of higher than\naverage grade and, in the opinion of the writers, the horizontal holes give the best\nindication of the average grade of the deposit.\nThe C deposit is probably larger than the A, but more drilling is required before\naccurate tonnage and grade estimates can be made.\nShould these deposits be considered as a source of iron, magnetic separation would\nappear to be the logical process of concentration. In this process the fineness of the\nmagnetite might pose a recovery problem.\nSaltspring Island (48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.W.)\nThis taconite deposit occurs on the west slope of Mount Sulivan\nE.B.V. on seven claims held by E. B. Valleau, of Duncan.   The deposit\nis at an elevation of about 825 feet above sea-level, 1 mile northwest of Musgrave. The rocks enclosing the taconite are predominantly green schists\nbelonging to sedimentary members of the Sicker group (see B.C. Dept. of Mines, Bull. 37,\npp. 13-15). Bedding and schistosity in rocks near the occurrence are essentially parallel; the strike is northwest and the dip 70 to 80 degrees southwest.\nThe deposit consists of lenticular bands of jasper interlayered with schist. The\njasper contains bands and lenses of magnetite and smaller amounts of specularite and\nhematite and is cut by irregular veins and stringers of white quartz.\nThe taconite outcrops at intervals along a sloping hillside and has a strike length of\nabout 500 feet and a maximum width of about 10 feet. Four chip samples taken by\nthe writers from various points along the deposit assayed 5.96, 10.20, 19.59, and 26.45\nper cent iron.\nPyroxenite Deposits\nTulameen (49\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W.)\nClaims have recently been located by American interests in the\nLodestone Lodestone Mountain-Olivine Mountain area.   This area is 15 miles\nMountain due west of Princeton and can be reached by 21 miles of road\nthrough Coalmont and Blakeburn, thence by 3 miles of trail to\nLodestone Lake.    The area is between 5,500 feet and 6,200 feet in elevation.    It is\nmainly sparsely wooded, open country.\nLodestone Mountain and much of the ground between Lodestone and Olivine Mountains is underlain by pyroxenite.* The principal constituent of the pyroxenite is augite,\nbut over large areas magnetite is prominent. The magnetite occurs as disseminated\ngrains, as segregations, and in irregular veinlets and stringers. In a few places, veins\nof magnetite several feet wide were observed.\nOutcrops are plentitful around Lodestone Mountain and on the ridge south of\nOlivine Mountain. Nine samples from various outcrops indicate a rather uniform iron\ncontent. The samples assayed from 16.4 to 20.5 per cent iron, and the average of the\nnine was 18.5 per cent iron.   Average content of titania (Ti02) was 1.5 per cent.\n* Geol. Surv., Canada, Memoir No. 26. Placer\nCONTENTS\nAtlin\u2014 page\nSpruce Creek    137\nWright Creek  13 8\nMcKee Creek  138\nPine Creek  138\nOmineca\u2014\nManson Creek  138\nGermansen River  139\nCariboo\u2014\nHixon Creek    139\nWillow River  139\nAntler Creek  141\nCottonwood River :  141\nLightning Creek  141\nQuesnel River Area  141\nKeithley Creek    141\nFraser River\u2014\nLillooet Area  142\nWatson Bar Creek  142\nBridge River     142\nColumbia River\u2014\nKirbyville Creek  142\nFort Steele  142\nSpillimacheen  142\nATLIN*\nSpruce Creek (59\u00b0 133\u00b0 N.W.)\nThis underground operation is at the confluence of Dominion Creek\nNoland Mines      with Spruce Creek and is  12 miles by road from Atlin.    For\nLimited several years up to November, 1955, the mine had been worked by\nfive partners, A. V. Mattson, T. R. Mattson, D. S. Mattson, R. F.\nSmith, and J. D. Ward, under agreement with Noland Mines Limited.    In November,\n1955, the mine was closed down owing to failure to locate the extension of the paystreak\nin the Tertiary channel upstream from the intersection of a grey gravel cross-channel.\nHowever, about the end of May, 1956, the mine was reopened as a salvage operation by\nA. V. Mattson, T. R. Mattson, and D. S. Mattson under a new agreement with Noland\nMines Limited.\nProduction in 1956 came entirely from the salvaging of old pillars in the area\nbounded by Nos. 25 and 29 crosscuts, approximately 1,200 feet east of the shaft.\n\u2022 By A. R. C. James.\n137 138 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nA summary of mine production follows:\u2014           CEx_arat_dS Percent\nReclaiming old drives      575 22.5\nPillar salvage  1,937 76.0\nGeneral clean-up        38 1.5\nTotals    2,550 100.0\nA total of 2,550 cubic yards of gravel was extracted and washed. Recovery:\n1,533.03 crude ounces of gold, yielding 1,237.95 fine ounces of gold and 197.84 fine\nounces of silver.\nThree partners, Clyde Day, Floyd Wilson, and John Acheson,\nEnterprise Placers continued to work ground leased from  Spruce Creek  Placers\nLimited on Spruce Creek about 1 mile downstream from the\nNoland mine. Work in 1956 was mainly confined to removing overburden and excavating a drainage ditch in preparation for mining two recently acquired leases upstream.\nThese include the ground under the old Spruce Creek Hotel, now demolished. Approximately 100,000 cubic yards of material was moved and 66 fine ounces of gold was\nrecovered. A Bucyrus-Erie stripping shovel and a Northwest Model 8 dragline were\nused for this operation.   Work commenced in May and finished early in November.\nWright Creek (59\u00b0 133\u00b0 N.E.)\nC. T. Dorflinger, manager.   This company holds leases on Wright,\nAtlin Placers       Otter, Quartz, Union, and Casino Creeks.   Work in 1956 has been\nLimited confined to Wright Creek, a north-flowing tributary of Surprise\nLake. The property is 16 miles by road from Atlin and is at an\nelevation of 4,000 feet. In 1954 test-holes drilled 30 to 40 feet apart across the valley\nwere reported to have found bedrock at 135 feet in the centre of the valley and to have\nfound encouraging values near bedrock. At the end of 1954 an unsuccessful attempt\nwas made to sink a shaft, which was abandoned at a depth of 36 feet; the ground around\nit was bulldozed out and a drain 800 feet long was built to carry away excess water.\nA new vertical two-compartment shaft was collared in 1955 about 100 feet north of the\nline of test-holes. In 1956 this shaft was completed down to bedrock at 136 feet, and\na total of 180 feet of development heading was done in a northwesterly direction from the\nshaft bottom. It is understood that only about 10 ounces of gold was recovered. A crew\nof three men was employed.\nMcKee Creek (59\u00b0 133\u00b0 S.W.)\nThree partners, Joe and Luigi Piccolo and George Watt, hydraulicked about 80,000\ncubic yards of gravel on McKee Creek. Gold recovery was 149 fine ounces. Work\ncommenced in early May and ended in mid-October.\nPine Creek (59\u00b0 133\u00b0 N.E.)\nFred Giesen worked alone on Pine Creek at Discovery. The operation comprises\npartly open-pit mining and partly drifting. One hundred and fifty-eight cubic yards of\ngravel was sluiced.   Gold recovery was 6 fine ounces.\nArt Hyndman\nused a wheelbarrow\ndrove\nand a\nOMINECA*\nManson Creek (55\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.)\na short tunnel on his placer property\nchute to remove the gravels, which were\non Manson Creek.   He\n: washed in a sluice-box.\n* By J. W. Patterson. PLACER 139\nNat Porter worked alone on his placer property on Kildare Creek at its junction\nwith Manson Creek.\nGermansen River (55\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.)\nIn the pit on the late G. H. Loper's hydraulic property on the north side of Plughat\nCreek about 1 mile from Germansen Landing, A. Pendle and two men lowered 145 feet\nof sluice-boxes about 8 feet in bedrock. In addition, a 24-foot spillway and 185 feet of\npipe trestle 16 feet high were constructed.\nCARIBOO*\nHixon Creek (53\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W.)\nCompany office, 2032 Third Avenue, Seattle, Wash.; mine office,\nHixon Placers      Hixon P.O.   H. W. Hargood, president; C. J. Norris, superinten-\nInc. dent.    The property, consisting of twenty-one placer leases, is 3\nmiles by road from Hixon on the Cariboo Highway. A 12-foot\ndiversion dam was built on Hixon Creek about 6,000 feet above the present placer workings to provide water for hydraulicking at a 200-foot head. More than three-quarters of\nthe pipe-line was laid, 25,000 cubic yards of gravel was hydraulicked, and construction\nwas started on a bunk-house, a cook-house, an office, and a 2,000-gallon water-tank.\nSix men were employed.\nWillow River (53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W.)\nMink Gulch.\u2014N. Broswick hydraulicked 2,000 cubic yards of gravel in Mink\nGulch, a tributary of Williams Creek.\nProvincial Exploration (1952) Ltd.\u2014Head office, 800 Hall Building, 789 West\nPender Street, Vancouver; mine office, Barkerville. M. R. Benischke, president and\nmanager. M. R. Benischke and two employees surveyed the company's leases at Barkerville, built some road, and dug four open-cuts.\nL & L Dredging.\u2014In 1956 the Lowhee leases on Conklin Gulch and Williams\nCreek were under option to L. A. Prosser. He employed a crew of twenty-nine men\nsupervised by dredge-master K. R. Kumle. A dragline dredge, previously operated by\nKumhila Exploration Co. Ltd., was put into operation on Conklin Gulch about 1 mile\nsoutheast of Barkerville. The work in Conklin Gulch terminated early in the season.\nOn Devlin Bench on Williams Creek, one-half mile north of Barkerville, a diesel-electric\nBucyrus-Monighan walking dragline with a AVz -cubic-yard bucket was used to strip\noverburden. In the pit a Lima dragline with a 3Yz -cubic-yard bucket was used to dig\ngravel which was washed in a floating steel-pontoon washing plant. A Bucyrus 27T\ndrill and a Hillman Prospector drill were used to test additional ground along Williams\nCreek.\nPlacer Creek.\u2014H. C. Christensen hydraulicked 400 cubic yards of gravel on Placer\nCreek at the south end of Jack of Clubs Lake.\nLowhee Creek.\u2014R. E. MacDougall, in partnership with F. Jamieson and O. K.\nNason, hydraulicked about 20,000 cubic yards of gravel on Lowhee Creek. A bulldozer\nwas used to stack the tailings.   Four men were employed.\nThe Golden Ketch Placers Ltd.\u2014C. F. Gierhartz and five employees hydraulicked\n3,000 cubic yards of gravel on ground near the junction of Burns Creek with Slough\nCreek.   This ground formerly was worked by R. E. MacDougall, of Wells.\nDramont Mines, Inc.\u2014Company office, 10335 Forty-eighth Avenue N.E., Seattle,\nWash.; mine office, Wells. J. E. Ritchie, president. A. C. Johnson and two employees\noperated a No. 4 monitor in the Dragon Creek pit.\n* By J. W. Patterson. 140\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nO\na\no\nc\no\nc\n;\u25a0\u2022;\u25a0; is '\u2022'*''tiJ\"\nIB\na\n& PLACER 141\nBeaver Pass Gold Placers.\u2014R. Macaulay and a partner hydraulicked 4,000 cubic\nyards of gravel on Kee Khan Creek, a tributary of Tregillus Creek.\nRucheon Creek.\u2014J. H. Feyer hydraulicked 5,000 cubic yards of gravel on Rucheon\nCreek on a lease owned by the late T. Fry.\nHyde Creek.\u2014C. L. MacColm hydraulicked on the Hyde Creek bench lease owned\nby O. R. Hougen, of Vancouver.\nNine Mile Creek.\u2014C. W. Piener sluiced 200 cubic yards of gravel on Nine Mile\nCreek.\nTwo Bit Creek.\u2014T. M. Dunlop and H. E. Reid did some test work on their leases\non Two Bit Creek.\nAntler Creek (53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E.)\nAntler Creek.\u2014A. Bindschedlar and four employees did some drifting and sluicing\non Antler Creek about 3 miles from its mouth.\nAntler Mountain Gold Ltd.\u2014A. W. Ludditt and three employees hydraulicked\n1,500 cubic yards of overburden on Grouse and Quartz Creeks. Some open-cutting was\ndone also.\nCunningham Creek.\u2014D. Jorgenson sluiced 300 cubic yards of gravel on Cunningham Creek.\nBeggs Gulch.\u2014H. C. Wade worked alone on his property in Beggs Gulch.\nCottonwood River (53\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E.)\nMostique Creek.\u2014Mr. and Mrs. P. J. Macdonald hydraulicked 7,000 cubic yards\nof overburden at the old Slade Placer pit at the junction of Mostique (Mosquito) Creek\nwith Lightning Creek.\nLightning Creek (53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W.)\nChannel Placers, Inc.\u2014Between May 21st and July 12th the Amador pit was\nworked by six men supervised by D. H. Wells; between July 15th and September 24th\nit was worked alone by E. Kellogg, who had an option agreement with Channel Placers,\nInc. During these two periods 70,000 cubic yards of gravel was removed from the pit\nand 6,250 square feet of bedrock was cleaned.\nHouseman Creek.\u2014Mr. and Mrs. Leroy Biggs worked on three leases on Houseman and Lightning Creeks.\nLast Chance Creek.\u2014V. McFadden and two partners drifted 112 feet in gravel on\ntheir placer property on Last Chance Creek near Stanley. The drifting was done from\nthe bottom of the 90-foot shaft which was sunk in 1948 by the late A. Brown.\nQuesnel River Area (52\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.W.)\nLikely.\u2014A. Carbillet sluiced 2,500 cubic yards of gravel on two bench leases near\nLikely.\nCedar Creek.\u2014P. W. Ogden and a son, A. Ogden, operated a 3-inch monitor on\nthe north bank of Cedar Creek half a mile above its junction with Quesnel Lake. About\n3,000 cubic yards of overburden was removed.\nCariboo River.\u2014D. A. and H. C. Millar and one partner hydraulicked 5,000 cubic\nyards of overburden and gravel on a bench on the south side of Cariboo River near Murderer Gulch.\nKeithley Creek (52\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.E.)\nKeithley Creek.\u2014E. F. Lang did some drilling on the east bank of Keithley Creek\none-quarter of a mile downstream from Snowshoe Creek. This work was done on a lease\nowned by C H. Pitt, of Vernon. 142 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nT. Payne ground-sluiced for a short period on his lease near the junction of Four\nCreek with Keithley Creek.\nNigger Creek.\u2014T. Payne, with a small hydraulic plant, moved 900 cubic yards of\ngravel on his lease at the headwaters of Nigger Creek, a tributary of Cariboo Lake.\nHarvey Creek Mines Limited.\u2014On Nigger Creek, B. Boe and four men ground-\nsluiced 150,000 cubic yards of overburden and gravel.\nFRASER RIVER*\nLillooet Area (50\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.W.)\nBlack Beaver Placers Ltd.\u2014W. H. Miller and two employees did some testing of\ngravels on two leases on the east side of the Fraser River about 9 miles below Lillooet.\nThis lease is on the Fraser River opposite the Pacific Great East-\nFountainview       ern Railway station at Fountain.   Early in 1956 J. H. McKee, of\nVancouver, purchased the lease from A. K. Greenway, of Lillooet.\nSince then the 3 miles of road from the Bridge River road has been repaired and some\npreparations have been made to begin placer-mining.   The operation of a gold-recovery\nmachine was tested.   The machine was set up in June.   Three small buildings were built\nto serve as cook-house, bunk-house, and office.   About five men were employed.\nWatson Bar Creek (51\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E.)\nE. H. Rosenau and five men ground-sluiced 30,000 cubic yards of gravel on placer\nleases on the north fork of Watson Bar Creek. Two hundred feet of bedrock at a depth\nof 25 feet was uncovered.\nBRIDGE RIVER*\nHurley River.\u2014(50\u00b0 122\u00b0 N.W.) W. Haylmore and one man did some drifting\non his lease on Hurley River near Gold Bridge.   They sluiced 200 cubic yards of gravel.\nCOLUMBIA RIVERf\nKirbyville Creek (51\u00b0 118\u00b0 N.W.)\nCompany office, 2360 Abbott Street, Kelowna.    J. H. Buckland,\nWest Columbia     president.    This company owns Special Placer Mining Lease No.\nGold Placers Ltd.    462, an area of 3.9 square miles on the west side of Columbia River\nat the confluence of Kirbyville Creek and across from the confluence of Goldstream River.    The property is reached by boat from Mile 56 on the Big\nBend Highway, north of Revelstoke.    Activity in 1956 was restricted to exploratory\ndrilling.\nFORT STEELEi\nMaus Creek.\u2014(49\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.E.) G. R. Castles, of Lethbridge, and one man\ncleaned and retimbered the shaft at the Maus Creek Placers. Twenty-five cubic yards of\ngravel was removed from the north drift, and a small amount of gold was recovered.\nSPILLIMACHEEN^\nColumbium and Uranium\n(50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.)    Company office, Billings Bridge, Ont.;  mine\nBugaboo (Quebec   office, Spillimacheen. W. D. Hubler, general superintendent; R. C.\nMetallurgical      Gegg, superintendent.    This company, a subsidiary of Ventures\nIndustries Ltd.)    Limited, holds one special placer lease at the headwaters of Bugaboo Creek.    In addition, five leases and three special leases are\n* By J. W. Patterson.\nt By J. W. Peck.\n% By J. E. Merrett. PLACER 143\nheld on Vowell Creek, a tributary of the Spillimacheen River, and eight leases and two\nspecial leases are held on Forster Creek, a tributary of Columbia River. Access to the\nBugaboo operation is by 25 miles of rough road from Spillimacheen on the Kootenay\nCentral Railway.\nThe purpose of the operation was to extract for metallurgical testing the columbium-\nand uranium-bearing minerals (pyrochlore, euxenite, and uranothorite) occurring in the\npost-Glacial outwash gravels derived from erosion of the Bugaboo granite stocks. Test\ndrilling completed in 1955 indicated a concentrate-bearing zone approximately 300 feet\nwide extending along the creek for a distance of 3 miles.\nWork commenced in April with the ploughing of snow from and repairing of the\nroad. Three prefabricated metal buildings were erected to serve as bunk-house, office,\nand power-house. A 100-kw. diesel-electric generator was installed in the power-house\nto provide power for the operation of the concentrating plant and for the pumping of\nwater. As the concentrating plant was of a temporary nature, it was assembled without\nprovision for housing.\nGravel was removed from the creek banks with a shovel-loader and trucked to a\nsmall storage bin where a grizzly screen separated the large rocks. The gravel then passed\nover two 4-foot circular screens where all material of plus one-eighth inch in size was\ndiscarded. The undersize feed was pumped by a 5-inch sand-pump to a battery of twenty\nspiral classifiers. The collected materials of high specific gravity were pumped by two\nlVi-inch sand-pumps to four Wilfley-type concentrating tables which operated in closed\ncircuit by means of four 1-inch sand-pumps. A wet magnetic separator was placed within\nthis circuit in order to remove as much magnetite as possible without removing other\nmagnetically attractive particles. The fine product from the closed-circuit section was\ndischarged to a storage bin and dried in batch lots on an oil-fired heater. The dried\nconcentrates were shipped to the company's Ontario laboratory for separation of the\ncontained metals. The concentrating plant operated from August 1st to October 9th,\nduring which time 7,220 cubic yards of gravel was treated and 24,931 pounds of concentrates were produced.\nThe average number of men employed was eleven.  Structural Materials and Industrial Minerals\nCONTENTS\nAsbestos\u2014 page\nCassiar Asbestos Corporation Limited  146\nLetain Asbestos (Conwest Exploration Company Limited)  148\nBarite\u2014\nMountain Minerals Limited  148\nMillwhite Mud Services  149\nBuilding-stone\u2014\nAndesite\u2014\nHaddington Island Quarry  149\nGranite\u2014\nKootenay Granite Products Limited  149\nValley Granite Products Ltd  149\nLittle Mountain Quarry  149\nIndian River Quarries Limited  150\nGilley Bros. Limited  150\nVancouver Granite Co. Limited  150\nSlate\u2014\nMcNab Creek Slate Quarry  150\nClay and Shale\u2014\nBear Creek Brick Company  150\nPort Haney Brick Company Limited  150\nMainland Clay Products Limited  151\nClayburn Company Limited  151\nRichmix Clays Limited    151\nFairey & Company Limited  151\nDeeks-McBride Ltd  151\nBaker Brick & Tile Company Limited  152\nGypsum\u2014\nColumbia Gypsum Co. Ltd  152\nGypsum Lime and Alabastine, Canada, Limited .  152\nLimestone and Cement\u2014\nThe Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited  152\nAgassiz Lime Quarry  152\nFraser Valley Lime Supplies    153\nBeale Quarries Limited  153\nW. S. Beale (1955) Ltd  153\nMcKay Quarry  153\nGypsum Lime and Alabastine, Canada, Limited  153\nBritish Columbia Cement Company Limited  154\nAlaska Pine & Cellulose Limited  154\nMarl\u2014\nCheam Marl Products Limited  154\nPopkum Marl Products Limited  154\n145 146 report of the minister of mines, 1956\nSand and Gravel\u2014 page\nAbbotsford Gravel Sales Ltd  155\nDueck's Gravel Pit  155\nFoster's Gravel Pit  155\nBorder Sand and Gravel Company  155\nColebrook Sand & Gravel Company Limited  155\nCorporation of the District of Surrey  155\nCorporation of the Township of Langley  155\nHornby General Machinery Company  155\nLangley Gravel and Contracting :  155\nRichmond Bulldozing Co. Ltd  155\nS.U.B. Quarries Ltd  155\nJack Cewe Blacktop Ltd  156\nGilley Bros. Limited (Maryhill Division)  156\nS. and S. Gravel Pit  156\nTroutenPit  156\nCorporation of the Municipality of Burnaby  156\nDeeks-McBride Ltd  156\nHighland Sand and Gravel Company Limited  156\nMaclynn Gravel Co. Ltd  157\nHollyburn Trucking and Excavating Contractors  157\nCapilano Crushing Co. Ltd  157\nRoutledge Gravel Ltd  157\nConstruction Aggregates Ltd   157\nHillside Sand & Gravel Limited  157\nButler Brothers Supplies Ltd  157\nMclntyre and Harding Gravel Company Limited  158\nEvans, Coleman & Johnson Bros. Ltd.  (Producers Sand & Gravel (1929)\nLimited)  158\nA. V. Richardson Ltd  158\nSilica\u2014\nRimrock Mining Corporation Limited  158\nOliver Silica Quarry  159\nSlag\u2014\nGranby Slag Dump  159\nGreenwood Slag Dump  159\nCrofton Slag Dump  159\nASBESTOS\nMount McDame (59\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.W.).   Head office, 85 Richmond\nCassiar Asbestos    Street West, Toronto; British Columbia office, Royal Bank Build-\nCorporation        ing, Vancouver;  mine office, Cassiar.    J. B. Christian, general\nLimited* manager; N. F. Murray, general superintendent; C. E. Bronson,\nplant superintendent; J. Berry, mine superintendent; A. C. Beguin,\nmill superintendent. The property straddles a 6,300-foot spur of the main ridge 2.2 miles\nnorthwest of Mount McDame, and the mill and camp are located immediately to the south\nof the property in the valley of Troutline Creek at an elevation of 3,540 feet. A gravelled\nroad approximately 80 miles long connects the mine with the Alaska Highway near\nWatson Lake.\n* By A. R. C James. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 147\nThe orebody, containing chrysotile asbestos, is an elongated lens-shaped body of\nserpentine bounded by metamorphosed sedimentary rocks on the west and by interlayered\nmetamorphosed sediments and volcanic flows on the east. The series strikes northward\nand dips steeply to the east. The main serpentine outcrop extends across a high ridge\nfor a length of 2,000 feet, the width ranging from 50 to 450 feet. A second outcrop of\nserpentine occurs in the floor of a cirque 1,200 feet north of the main showing. The\nintervening steep slopes are covered by asbestos fluff and serpentine talus, but the two\norebodies are on strike and appear to be part of a single mass. The first claims on this\nimportant deposit were located by V. A. Sittler and associates, of Fort Nelson, in 1950,\nand the first production was in 1952.\nThe asbestos is mined entirely by open-cut methods, from a series of benches\nranging from 15 to 30 feet high. Two TM-500 Joy drills were purchased during the year;\nthese large mobile machines are used to drill 30-foot vertical holes 4Yz inches in diameter,\nthe holes being spaced at 8-foot intervals. Eight TM-400A wagon drills are also in use;\nthese machines are used to drill a series of horizontal holes 4 to 5 feet apart and 15 feet\nin average depth. All detonation of blasts is by primacord to keep foreign material\nout of the ore. The ore is handled with Eimco 104 and 105 loaders and by a %-cubic-\nyard Northwest shovel. Most of the ore is now put through a grizzly and primary\ncrusher on the \"hill\" at 6,176 feet elevation. From this point it passes down chutes\nto the tram-line buckets and is transported over 3 miles to the mill. The mining of\nore in 1956 was begun on April 26th and ended on October 27th. The breaking of\nwaste continued until November 17th. The mining season in 1956 was more than ten\nweeks longer than the 1955 season. Production of ore was 339,993 tons, a 52.5-per-cent\nincrease over the previous year.   A total of 416,527 tons of waste was broken.\nUnderground development work was done from the adit at the 6,000-foot level with\na view to exploring the extent of the orebody and increasing proved ore reserves. A total\nof 731 feet of crosscutting and 640 feet of drifting along the hangingwall side of the ore-\nbody was done during the year.\nThe present mill rate is from 900 to 1,000 tons a day, and the mill operates the year\nround. In general the ore circuit in the mill is as follows: Mine ore is passed through a\ngrizzly feeding the jaw crusher, then passed over a Dillon screen with the oversize going\nto a 4-foot cone crusher. The ore is then passed through the drier units and carried by\nconveyors to a dry-rock storage shed. The mill-feed from the dry-rock storage is passed\nover a Dillon screen, then over a series of gyratory screens with a 3-foot cone crusher in\nthe primary circuit. Milling is by a dry process, the fibre being freed from the rock by\nimpact method, aspirated from the screens by means of exhaust fans, and collected and\ncleaned by cyclone collectors. The discharge of reject fines from the screens is by gravity\nthrough a number of ducts to conveyors which discharge to tailing storage. The operating\nand supervisory staff in the mill totals about twenty persons. A total of 284,877 tons of\nore was milled in 1956. Production figures of fibre as supplied to the mining statistician\nby the company head office were as follows:\u2014\nGrade Tons\nCrude No. 1  73.15\nAAA  531.25\nAA  734.70\n3K  5,576.60\nAC  5,03 9.40\n4K  8,771.25\nTotal fibre produced  20,726.35\nThere were forty staff employees at Cassiar in 1956, and the crew employed on all\noperations ranged from 200 in the winter months to 360 in the summer. 148 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956\nThe most important item of new construction completed in 1956 was the aerial\ntram-line, which started operating on May 24th. This is a Breco continuous powered\naerial tram almost 3 miles long, designed to carry ore at 100 tons per hour from the mine\nat 5,800 feet elevation to the mill at 3,540 feet elevation.\nThe following additional construction was completed in 1956:\u2014\nA mine dry, 30 feet by 70 feet, \\Yz-story.\nExtension to dry-rock storage building which will double the storage capacity.\nThis extension is 170 feet long, 225 feet wide, and 80 feet high.\nA new garage and compressor-house at the mine.\nA six-bed hospital, which is excellently equipped and of the most modern\ndesign.\nA community church.\nA school and teacher's quarters.\nSeven new Pan Abode dwellings.\nThe year was unfortunately marred by two fatal accidents.    On May 22nd Ivo\nBortoluzzi, aged 27, was killed by being struck on the head by a piece of flying rock from\nthe cirque chute.   On August 20th Herbert Laber, aged 26, was killed when the truck he\nwas operating went over the edge of the 6160 bench and fell 167 feet down the face of\nthe mountain.    Eight other accidents involving a week or more of lost time were reported\nand investigated.   An accident-prevention committee, presided over by the plant superintendent, meets monthly and reviews all accidents and carries out safety inspections of the\nwhole property.\nKing Mountain  (58\u00b0  128\u00b0 S.E.).    Company office,  1001, 85\nLetain Asbestos    Richmond Street West, Toronto.   F. M. Connell, president.  This\n(Conwest Explo-    property comprises twenty-three claims held by location and is\nration Company    about 3 miles northeast of King Mountain, near the headwaters of\nLimited)* Ferry Creek, which flows north into the Turnagain River.   It is\nreported that these claims cover promising showings of asbestos fibre. In 1956 a limited\namount of open-cutting was done to outline the area of fibre-bearing serpentine. It is\nreported that the results of this work, both as to size and grade of material, were encouraging, and a continuation of this development in 1957 is anticipated. A crew averaging\nsix men was employed under the supervision of A. E. Storey.\nBARITE\nCompany office, Meech Building, P.O. Box 273, Lethbridge, Alta.\nMountain Minerals R. A. Thrall, managing director; William MacPherson, superin-\nLimitedt tendent.  This company owns one barite quarry 7 miles west by\nroad from Parson siding and another 5 miles west by road from\nBrisco, both in the Windermere Valley, south of Golden.\nThe Parson quarry (51\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W.) operated for a two-month period, during which\ntime 1,470 tons of barite was shipped to the company's processing plant at Lethbridge.\nThe Brisco quarry (50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E.) operated for an eleven-month period, during\nwhich time a crew of five men quarried and shipped 9,965 tons of barite to the Lethbridge plant.\nSurface stripping in a northeasterly direction from the lower quarry, commenced\nin 1955, extended the outline of the barite outcrop approximately 150 feet. Three\ndiamond-drill holes totalling 250 feet were drilled immediately southwest of the face of\nthe upper quarry. These holes located the extension of the barite zone, which in that area\nis covered to considerable depth with hardpan.\nA primary crushing unit, loading-conveyor, and railway spur were constructed at the\nKootenay Central Railway at Brisco.   A 100-horsepower electric motor and a 20- by\n* By A. R. C James.\nt By J. E. Merrett. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 149\n36-inch jaw crusher were installed to do the crushing.   Power was obtained from the\nBritish Columbia Power Commission's transmission-line through that area.\nWindermere (50\u00b0 115\u00b0 S.W.).   Company office, M. and N. Build-\nMillwhite Mud     ing, Houston, Texas.    Canadian subsidiary, Pacific Western Mud\nServices* Service Ltd., 631 Ninth Avenue West, Calgary, Alta.   This com\npany optioned the Lucky group of four mineral claims from T.\nCameron, of Windermere. The claims are located on the west slope of the Stanford\nRange, 1 mile east of the Cranbrook-Radium Highway, 6 miles south of Windermere.\nApproximately one-half mile of road was constructed from a logging-road to an\noutcrop of barite exposed at an elevation of 4,000 feet on a steep hillside. Surface\nstripping over an area 40 feet wide and 60 feet long disclosed several massively crystalline\nlenses of barite in an easterly striking zone within dolomite. It was reported that other\noutcrops of barite were exposed at intervals uphill along this zone. A small barite outcrop is exposed 100 feet northwest of the main cut. It is estimated that within the\nstripped area at least two-thirds of the exposed rock is barite. Lead and copper mineralization was seen on the freshly exposed surfaces.   No shipments of barite were made.\nBUILDING-STONE\nAndesite\n(50\u00b0 127\u00b0 N.E.)    Company office, J. A. and C. H. McDonald\nHaddington Island Limited, 1571 Main Street, Vancouver; quarry, Haddington Island.\nQuarryt Andesite is quarried to obtain dimension stone for building pur\nposes. The quarry face is about 75 feet high and slopes about 45\ndegrees, following the main jointing feature of the deposit. Stone is undercut by drilling\nand blasting at the floor of the quarry; the ends of the stone are formed by a secondary\njoint system; the other sides are cut by blasting. Drilling is done with air machines using\nconventional steel, having a spade-shaped bit. Holes are drilled 3 to 4 inches apart for\nshaping the stone and are blasted with black powder. Two derricks are used to move\nthe stone to scows, by which it is transported to Vancouver for finishing.\nGranite\nKootenay Granite Products Limited.*\u2014Sirdar (49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W.)   Company office,\n603 Eighth Avenue West, Calgary, Alta.;  quarry office, Sirdar.    Some modifications\nwere made in the crushing circuit, but no quarrying or crushing was done at this plant.\nCheam View (49\u00b0  121\u00b0 S.W.).    Company office, 410 Mayfair\nValley Granite     Avenue, Chilliwack; plant, Bridal Falls.   Kenneth Jessiman, gen-\nProducts Ltd.t     eral manager.   The quarry and crushing plant are 11 miles east of\nRosedale. The quarry is mined in two benches, each about 15 feet\nhigh.   Vertical blast-holes are drilled with jackhammers.    Rock is broken to approximately 8 inches and is piled under temporary shelters and dried with open-flame kerosene\nburners.   The dried rock is loaded into wheelbarrows and transported to a dry process,\ncrushing and screening plant.   The plant produces turkey, chicken, and bird grits, stucco-\ndash, sand-blasting material, filler for asphalt roofing, and sand material for automotive\nvehicles.   Twelve men were employed.\nChilliwack (49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W.).    This pit is on the north slope of\nLittle Mountain    Mount Shannon and about 1 mile northeast of Chilliwack.    It is\nQuarryt operated intermittently by the Fraser Valley Dyking Commission\nto obtain rock to repair dykes along the Fraser River.    Rock is\nbroken by coyote-hole methods and is loaded by shovels on to trucks and transported\nto the dykes.\n* By J. E. Merrett.\nt By R. B. King. 150 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nGranite Falls  (49\u00b0   122\u00b0  S.W.).    Company office,  1255 West\nIndian River       Pender Street, Vancouver;  quarry office, Granite Falls.   John M.\nQuarries Limited* Carnsew, superintendent.   Granite is quarried to obtain jetty-rock,\nriprap, and rubble.    Rock is broken from the quarry face by\nbenching.    Broken rock is loaded by shovels into wire-rope nets which serve as a coarse\nscreen.   These are transported by a steam-driven derrick and loaded directly on to scows.\nEight men were employed.\nPitt River  (49\u00b0  122\u00b0 S.W.).    Company office, 902 Columbia\nGilley Bros.        Street, New Westminster; quarry office, Pitt River.   J. H. Gilley,\nLimited* general manager; Francis J. MacDonald, superintendent.   Quartz\ndiorite is quarried to obtain rock for jetties, dykes, and concrete\naggregate.   Rock is broken from a quarry face, which is nearly 100 feet high, mainly by\na coyote-hole method of mining.    Broken rock is loaded by a 2-cubic-yard diesel-driven\nshovel into 12-cubic-yard-capacity trucks and is transported to a crushing plant.    The\ncrushing plant consists of a 42- by 60-inch jaw crusher which discharges crushed rock\nover an inclined 6-inch grizzly to a conveyor belt for loading scows.   Undersize material\n(\u2014 6-inch) is stockpiled.    Hydro-electric power to run the plant is produced on the\nproperty.   Twenty-five men were employed.\nNelson Island  (49\u00b0   124\u00b0 N.E.).    Company office,  744 West\nVancouver Granite Hastings Street, Vancouver;   quarry, Nelson Island.    Dimension\nCo. Limited*      stone for building purposes and monuments, jetty-rock, and rubble\nare mined at this quarry.    The rock is drilled to size following\na mineral lineation pattern and then wedged or blasted for removal.   Derricks are used\nto move the stone to scows, by which it is transported to Vancouver for cutting and\nfinishing.   Approximately 1,200 tons of stone was produced from April 1st to November\n5th, 1956.   Seven men were employed.\nSlate\nHowe Sound  (49\u00b0   123\u00b0 N.E.).    Head office, Richmix Clays\nMcNab Creek      Limited, 2890 East Twelfth Avenue, Vancouver;  quarry, McNab\nSlate Quarry*      Creek.    G. W. Richmond, manager.    Slate is quarried for flagstones, roofing granules, and filler.   Rock is broken from a 30-foot\nquarry face by drilling and blasting horizontal holes.   Broken slate is hand-loaded into\nscows.    The product is shipped to Vancouver for grading and sizing.    During 1956,\n491 tons of slate was mined.\nCLAY AND SHALE\nSurrey  (49\u00b0  122\u00b0  S.W.).    Head office, Victoria Tile & Brick\nBear Creek Brick   Supply  Co.  Ltd.,  Vancouver;   plant,  Archibald  Road,   Surrey\nCompany*        Municipality.    James McBeth, plant manager.    Surface clay is\nmined from a shallow pit adjacent to the plant by a Yz -cubic-yard\ngasoline shovel.    The clay is transported to a hopper and, from this, elevated to the\nplant by small cars on an inclined railway.   The bricks are formed by a wet process and\nplaced in hacks to be weather-dried.   Wood-fired scove kilns are built for burning bricks.\nHaney (49\u00b0  122\u00b0 S.W.).    Company office, 846 Howe Street,\nPort Haney Brick    Vancouver; plant, Haney.   E. G. Baynes, president; J. Hadgkiss,\nCompany Limited* plant manager.    Plastic clay is mined from a low pit face beside\nthe plant by a ^-cubic-yard gasoline-driven shovel and is transported by truck to a covered air-drying area.   The clay is dried in a rotary wood-fired\nkiln and conveyed to a dry pan for grinding.   Brick and tile are formed by a stiff-mud\nextrusion process and dried in a controlled-temperature drying-room.   The products are\n* By R. B. King. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 151\nburned in down-draught beehive kilns.   During 1956, 14,402 tons of clay products were\nproduced.   Sixty men were employed.\nBarnet (49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W.).   Head office, 8699 Angus Drive, Van-\nMainland Clay      couver;  plant, Barnet.    D. Pitkethly, general manager.    Surface\nProducts Limited*  clay is mined intermittently from a pit adjacent to the plant and is\ntransported to a covered air-drying area.   Some fireclay is obtained\nfrom Kilgard.   Bricks are formed and dried in a heated drying building.   Common brick,\nRoman brick, and firebrick are burned in rectangular oil-fired kilns.   Seven men were\nemployed.\n(49\u00b0   122\u00b0   S.E.)   Head  office,   302  Credit  Foncier  Building,\nClayburn Company Vancouver; plants, Kilgard and Abbotsford.    R. M. Hungerford,\nLimited* managing director; P. S. Jagger, plant manager.    Two plants are\noperated by this company: one, in which sewer-pipe and flue-\nlining are manufactured, is at Kilgard; the other, in which facebrick, refractories, special\nrefractory shapes, and refractory specialties are made, is at Abbotsford.\nIn the Kilgard plant, sewer-pipe and flue-lining are extruded through dies, pre-dried,\nand burned in oil-fired down-draught beehive kilns. In the Abbotsford plant, bricks are\ndry-pressed or extruded through dies, hand set on cars, and passed through a drier.\nFrom the drier the bricks pass into an oil-fired continuous kiln 300 feet long. Some of\nthe clay used in the manufacture of refractories is precalcined in a 150-foot oil-fired\nrotary kiln.   The rotary kiln is also used for bloating of certain clays.\nClay is mined from shale members of the Huntingdon formation on Sumas Mountain.\nThree underground mines and two open pits produce shale for the plant. Room-and-\npillar method of minin\" is used in the underground mines, and extensive use is made of\nroof-bolting for ground support. Holes are drilled with tungsten-carbide-tipped augers\nwhich are driven by air-operated drills. Black powder is used in blasting down the\nshale. Scrapers, operated by 30-horsepower electrically driven hoists, are used to move\nbroken shale directly to mine cars. Trucks haul the shale from the portals to both plants.\nIn the open pits, clay is mined in 20-foot benches by drilling and blasting vertical holes.\nBroken clay is loaded on trucks for haulage to the plants.\nClay mined during 1956 totalled 89,495 tons, of which 52,474 tons was used in the\nproduction of facebrick and firebrick and 17,893 tons was used for sewer-pipe and flue-\nlining. Clay mined for use in the rotary kilns was 19,128 tons. Twenty men were\nemployed.\nKilgard (49\u00b0  122\u00b0 S.E.).    Office and plant, 2890 East Twelfth\nRichmix Clays     Avenue, Vancouver; quarry, Kilgard.   G. W. Richmond, manager.\nLimited* Stripping and mining of fireclay are carried on intermittently at\nthis property.    Clay is drilled and blasted, then loaded by a diesel-\ndriven shovel on to trucks and transported to markets.    During 1956, 2,896 tons of\nfireclay was shipped.\nVancouver (49\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.E.).    L. T. Fairey, manager.   This com-\nFairey & Company pany produced a variety of fireclay blocks and shapes and high-\nLimitedt temperature cements.    Local and imported raw materials were\nused.\nBazan Bay (48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.E.).    This company purchased the prop-\nDeeks-McBride     erty of Bazan Bay Brick & Tile Company Limited near Sidney,\nLtd.* Vancouver Island, and became the Clay Division of Deeks-Mc-\nBride Ltd.    Surface clay is mined by scrapers and stockpiled for\ndrying.   It is then ground in a dry pan and elevated to a storage hopper.    Brick and\ntile are formed by a stiff-mud extrusion process and dried in a temperature- and humidity-\n* By R. B. King.\nt By J. W. McCammon. 152 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\ncontrolled drying-room.    The products are burned in an oil-fired shuttle-type kiln.\nCommon brick, building-tile, and drain-tile are produced.   Ten men were employed.\nVictoria  (49\u00b0   123\u00b0 S.E.).    Office and plant, Victoria.    J. V.\nBaker Brick & Tile   Johnson and D. E. Smith, joint managers.   Surface clay is mined\nCompany Limited* near the plant by gas shovel and transported by truck to storage\nbins.   The clay is air-dried, ground, and formed into shapes by a\nsoft-mud extrusion process and dried with waste heat from kilns.   Down-draught kilns\nare used to burn the ware.   Flower-pots, drain-tile, structural tile, flue-lining, and Roman\nbrick are manufactured.   During 1956, 4,000 tons of clay was mined.   Twenty men were\nemployed.\nGYPSUM\nWindermere (50\u00b0 115\u00b0 S.W.).    Company office, 576 West First\nColumbia Gypsum Avenue, Vancouver;   quarry office, Athalmer.    A. E. Portman,\nCo. Ltd.t superintendent.   During a seven-month period a crew of eight men\nquarried and crushed 38,653 tons of gypsum rock at the deposit on\nWindermere Creek, 10 miles from Lake Windermere station at Athalmer on the Kootenay\nCentral Railway. Of the 34,729 tons shipped, approximately 45 per cent was shipped\nto the Canada Cement Company, Exshaw, Alta. The remainder was shipped to the\nColumbia Gypsum Company, Austin, Wash.; Ideal Cement Company, Irvin, Wash.;\nand the Lehigh Portland Cement Company, Metaline Falls, Wash. During the year considerable work was done to improve the quarry road by straightening, widening, and,\nwhere possible, reducing adverse grades.\nFalkland (50\u00b0 119\u00b0 N.W.). Head office, Paris, Ont.; British\nGypsum Lime and Columbia office, 1105 West Pender Street, Vancouver. W. M.\nAlabastine, Canada, Tulley, British Columbia manager; Robert Thomson, quarry super-\nLimited t intendent.   During the first few months of the year, gypsum was\nproduced from the company's quarries at Falkland. In June\noperations were suspended and had not been resumed at the end of the year. During the\nperiod of operation the production of gypsum averaged approximately 350 tons daily, and\ntwenty-eight men were employed. The gypsum was shipped to the company's processing\nplants at Port Mann and Calgary.\nLIMESTONE AND CEMENT\nFife (49\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.E.),    Head office, Trail;  quarry, Fife.    G. S.\nThe Consolidated   Ogilvie, property superintendent; Oscar Tedesco, quarry foreman.\nMining and Smelt- The limestone quarried here is shipped to Trail for use as flux in\ning Company of    the smelter.   The quarry is alongside the Kettle Valley branch of\nCanada, Limited $  the Canadian Pacific Railway, half a mile north of Fife.   The limestone is blasted from the quarry face and is mechanically loaded\ninto trucks and hauled to a loading-bin at the railway.   Compressed air for drilling is\nsupplied by two compressors with a total capacity of 560 cubic feet per minute.   New\nconstruction during the year included a blacksmith-shop, compressor-house, and a dry-\nhouse.   Operations were continuous throughout the year.   The quarry was operated on\na two-shift basis, and twelve men were employed.    The limestone shipped in 1956\namounted to 73,778 tons.\nAgassiz (49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W.).    Hiram Cutler, owner.    Agricultural\nAgassiz Lime      limestone, crushed rock, and chicken grit are produced from this\nQuarry* quarry and crushing plant.   Limestone is blasted from low quarry\nfaces and is transported by a Va -cubic-yard loader from the quarry\n* By R. B. King.\nt By J. E. Merrett.\n% By E. R. Hughes. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 153\nto the crushing plant.   During 1956 nearly 1,400 tons of limestone was produced. Three\nmen were employed.\nFraser Valley Lime Supplies.*\u2014Popkum (49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W.) Arthur Isaacs, superintendent. Limestone is blasted from the quarry face, hand-loaded into trucks, and\ntransported to a crushing plant. During 1956, 4,700 tons of limestone was quarried.\nSix men were employed.\nVananda  (49\u00b0   124\u00b0 N.W.).    Head office, 744 West Hastings\nBeale Quarries     Street, Vancouver; quarry office, Vananda. W. D. Webster, super-\nLimited* intendent. On March 1st, 1956, Lafarge Cement of North America\nLtd. bought control of the quarry.   Limestone is quarried to produce pulp rock for paper-mills, agricultural limestone, crushed limestone, and stucco\nproducts.   The quarry is worked on levels with faces about 15 feet high.   Wagon drills\nare used to drill holes for blasting.   Broken rock is loaded with two % -cubic-yard diesel-\ndriven shovels and transported by truck to a crushing plant.    At the end of the year\nheavier equipment was added, including a 3-cubic-yard Bucyrus shovel, a Joy Heavyweight Champion drill and two Euclid 63-T trucks.\nApproximately 129,000 tons of limestone was produced in 1956. Of this, 85,000\ntons was shipped as pulp rock and 44,000 tons as crushed limestone. Thirty-four men\nwere employed in the quarry and plants.\nVananda (49\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.).    Office and quarry, Vananda.   Stan-\nW. S. Beale       ley Beale, manager.   This quarry is at Marble Bay, near Vananda.\n(1955) Ltd.*      The quarry is worked with one face nearly 80 feet high and sloping\nnearly 45 degrees to the horizontal.   One section is being prepared\nfor use of long vertical holes in which churn drills will be used.   Blasted rock is loaded\nwith a Yz -cubic-yard diesel-driven shovel and transported by trucks to a coarse screen.\nPulp rock is loaded on to scows; spalls are stockpiled.   Seven men were employed.\nVananda (49\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.).    Don McKay, owner.    This quarry\nMcKay Quarry*    is on the main road about 2 miles south of Vananda.   White limestone is mined and sold for stucco-dash and whiting.    Open-pit\nmining with low benches allows a selective recovery of the white limestone.   Grey limestone is also sold for pulp rock.   During 1956, 3,000 tons of white limestone and 4,500\ntons of grey limestone were produced.\nBlubber Bay (49\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.).   Head office, 50 Maitland Street,\nGypsum Lime and Toronto 5, Ont.; British Columbia office, 1105 West Pender Street,\nAlabastine, Canada, Vancouver; limestone quarry, Blubber Bay; lime plants, Blubber\nLimited* Bay and Vancouver.    Arthur Pitt, plant manager, Blubber Bay.\nLimestone is quarried approximately 2 miles from the Blubber\nBay plant.   The quarry is worked in levels with faces nearly 25 feet high.   Wagon drills\nand Gardner-Denver rotary drills are used to drill horizontal and vertical blast-holes.\nBroken rock is loaded by diesel-driven shovels on to trucks and hauled to the Blubber\nBay plant.   There the limestone is crushed, sized, and stockpiled for use in lime-burning\nfacilities at Blubber Bay and Vancouver, and also for sale.\nProducts are crushed stone, including sized rock, spalls, and fines or screenings,\nquicklime (lump, crushed, and pulverized), and hydrated lime. Stone is supplied to\nsuch industries as pulp and paper, cement, smelting and refining, iron and steel, agriculture, etc. Lime is supplied for building, mining, pulp and paper, chemicals, agriculture,\nsteel, and sugar industries.\nNew crushing, screening, stone-handling, and mechanical loading facilities, including\na reclaiming system and new loading-dock, were completed in 1956 at Blubber Bay, and\nsubstantially increased production capacity. Lime-burning facilities at Blubber Bay are\ncurrently being increased and will be finished early in 1957.\n* By R. B. King. 154 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nTotal number of men employed at Blubber Bay in 1956 was sixty.\nHead office, 500 Fort Street, Victoria.   N. A. Tomlin, managing\nBritish Columbia    director;   R. E. Haskins, general superintendent.    Quarries are\nCement Company   operated at Bamberton (48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.W.) and Cobble Hill (48\u00b0\nLimited* 123\u00b0 N.W.) on Vancouver Island and at Blubber Bay (49\u00b0 124\u00b0\nN.W.) on Texada Island to produce limestone and greenstone,\nused in manufacturing cement.\nAt Blubber Bay the quarry faces range from 70 to 85 feet in height. A churn drill\nis used to drill vertical blast-holes. The holes are spaced at 20-foot centres, have 25 feet\nof burden, and are drilled 9 feet below grade line of the quarry floor. Broken rock is\nloaded by diesel-driven shovels into 15-ton-capacity trucks and transported to a crushing\nplant. Rock from the crushing plant is stockpiled, and when required is loaded by\nconveyor-belt to scows for shipment to the cement plant at Bamberton.\nAt Cobble Hill the quarry face is about 70 feet high. A churn drill is used to drill\nvertical blast-holes which have a 26-foot spacing and burden. Broken rock is loaded\nby a diesel-driven shovel into 15-ton trucks and transported to the Bamberton plant.\nConstruction of a private road, approximately 9 miles long, from Cobble Hill to Bamberton was started during the year.\nAt Bamberton, rock is mined by drilling horizontal holes with wagon drills. Broken\nrock is loaded by electric and diesel-driven shovels and transported to the crushing plant\nby trucks.\nDuring 1956, 691,926 tons of limestone and 127,250 tons of greenstone were mined.\nOf this, 212,585 tons of limestone was quarried at Bamberton, 186,300 tons of limestone\nwas quarried at Blubber Bay quarry, and 293,041 tons was quarried at Cobble Hill.\nThe greenstone was mined at Blubber Bay and Bamberton. Forty-seven men were\nemployed.\nJeune Landing (50\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.W.).   Head office, 1111 West Georgia\nAlaska Pine &      Street, Vancouver.    Nils Erickson, quarry superintendent.    This\nCellulose Limited* quarry is on the east shore of Neroutsos Inlet about VA miles north\nof Jeune Landing. Limestone is quarried for pulp rock for the\nPort Alice pulp plant. The limestone is worked by advancing a low face and using air-leg\ntypes of drills for drilling blast-holes. Broken rock is loaded by a Yz -cubic-yard diesel-\ndriven shovel and transported by truck to a ramp, where it is dumped over a scalping\ngrizzly. The coarse material is loaded on scows and fine material is stockpiled. The\nloading-dock was completely rebuilt and enlarged. During 1956, 17,000 tons of limestone was shipped and 5,000 cubic yards was crushed and stockpiled for roads and fill at\nPort Alice.   Three men were employed.\nMARL\nCheam Marl Products Ltd.*\u2014Popkum (49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W.). Office, Chilliwack.\nA. M. Davidson, manager. Marl is mined from a deposit on the east shore of Cheam\nLake by a diesel-driven dragline and by scrapers. The marl is sold wet or semi-dry.\nThree men were employed.\nPopkum (49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W.).   W. A. Munro, manager.   Marl and\nPopkum Marl       humus are mined by this company from a deposit near Cheam\nProducts Limited* Lake.   Humus is removed first and then marl is mined by a diesel-\ndriven dragline.   Some of the material is dried in an oil-fired rotary\nkiln.   Wet, semi-dry, and dry humus and marl are produced.   Three men were employed.\n* By R. B. King. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 155\nSAND AND GRAVEL*\nAbbotsford (49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E.).   This pit is 7 miles west and 6 miles\nAbbotsford Gravel south of Abbotsford.   Gravel is mined by shovel and scraper from\nSales Ltd. the pit and is either sold as pit run or is crushed, washed, and sized\nin an adjacent plant.    A ready-mix plant furnishes concrete for\nlocal sales.   Four men were employed.\nClearbrooke (49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E.). Dueck Building Supplies Ltd.,\nDueck's Gravel Pit owner. This pit is about 1 mile north of Clearbrooke. Sand and\ngravel are dug from gravel faces about 15 feet high by an overhead\nloader and transported to a bucket elevation, by which they are elevated to a washing\nplant. Pit and washed and sized gravel are produced. A ready-mix plant furnishes\nconcrete for local sales.   Three men were employed.\nAldergrove (49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E.).    C. N. Foster, owner.    This pit is\nFoster's Gravel Pit   about 3 miles south of Aldergrove.    Sand and gravel are mined\nfrom low faces by a front-end loader.    Pit-run gravel is sold\nlocally.   One man was employed.\nWhite Rock (49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W.).   Office and plant, Boundary Road,\nBorder Sand and    R.R. 4, White Rock.    T. Lapierre, manager.    Gravel is mined\nGravel Company    by blasting low gravel faces or loading loose gravel with an overhead loader.   The gravel is transported to a plant for washing and\nsizing or is sold as pit-run gravel.   Three men were employed.\nCloverdale (49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W.).    Office and plant, Bayview Road,\nColebrook Sand & R.R. 1, Cloverdale.   F. Bray and J. Bray, owners and operators.\nGravel Company    Sand and gravel are mined by an overhead loader, loaded on to\nLimited trucks  and  hauled  to   a  semi-portable  washing  and   screening\nplant.   Sand and gravel for fill, concrete, and plaster are produced.\nTwo men were employed.\nCorporation of the District of Surrey.\u2014Cloverdale (49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W.). Several\ngravel pits are operated within this township for the purpose of road maintenance and\nconstruction. Gravel is mined by diesel-driven shovels or by scrapers and is crushed in\nportable crushers or used as pit-run gravel.\nCorporation of the Township of Langley.\u2014Murrayville (49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W). Several\ngravel pits are operated within the township for the purpose of road maintenance and\nconstruction. Gravel is mined by diesel-driven shovels and is transported to crushers\nby trucks or is used directly as pit-run gravel.\nHornby General Machinery Company.\u2014Langley Municipality (49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W.).\nOffice, Cloverdale; pit, Gobsell Road. Harry Hornby, owner. Run-of-pit gravel is\nmined intermittently by a small diesel shovel from low pit faces. Gravel is sold locally.\nOne man was employed.\nLangley Gravel and Contracting.\u2014Langley Prairie (49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W.). H. Gibson\nClarke, owner. Gravel is mined from a pit on the corner of Bradshaw and Berry Roads.\nAn overhead loader mines gravel from a low face.   Run-of-pit gravel is sold locally.\nRichmond Bulldozing Co. Ltd.\u2014Port Mann (49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W.). Office, 659 No. 4\nRoad, Lulu Island. S. E. Adernack, manager. This company is operating a pit near\nPort Mann. Gravel is mined from a low face by a diesel-driven shovel and is either\ncrushed and screened to supply sized products or is sold as pit run. Two men were\nemployed.\nPort Mann (49\u00b0  122\u00b0 S.W.).    Office, 611 No. 3 Road, Brig-\nS.U.B. Quarries     house.    Gravel is mined by digging low gravel faces with diesel-\nLtd. driven shovels.    Most of the production is supplied as pit-run\ngravel to a crushing plant and ready-mix plant adjacent to the\npit.   Five men were employed.\n* By R. B. King. 156 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nCoquitlam (49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W.).    Jack Cewe, manager.    This pit is\nJack Cewe about 3 miles north of Coquitlam on Pipe Line Road.    Gravel\nBlacktop Ltd.       is mined from a low gravel face by a diesel-driven shovel and is\ntrucked to a portable crusher.    Run-of-pit gravel and crushed\nproducts are sold locally or used by an adjacent asphalt road-materials plant.    During\n1956 approximately 30,000 tons of material was mined.    Six men were employed.\nCoquitlam (49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W.). Company office. 902 Columbia\nGilley Bros. Limited Street, New Westminster. J. H. Gilley, general manager; E. John-\n(Maryhill Division) ston, superintendent. This pit and plant is on the Fraser River\nnear Coquitlam. Sand and gravel are mined from 30-foot faces\nby a 2Yz -cubic-yard diesel-driven shovel and trucked by 12-cubic-yard trucks to a crushing plant. Crushed rock is distributed to two washing plants. Sand, gravel, and crushed\nproducts produced from this property are transported by scows to markets. Forty-five\nmen were employed.\nCoquitlam (49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W.).    N. P. Stromgren and C. B. Scott,\nS. and S. Gravel Pit  owners.    This pit is on Pipe Line Road north of Coquitlam.\nGravel is mined from a high gravel face by digging with a diesel-\ndriven shovel or an overhead loader and is either crushed in a portable crusher or sold\nlocally as run of pit.   Four men were employed.\nSouth Westminster (49\u00b0  122\u00b0 S.W.).    Office and plant, 10987\nTrouten Pit        Sandell Road,  R.R.   11,  New Westminster.    William  Trouten,\nowner and operator.   Gravel is mined from high faces by blasting\nand loaded by diesel-driven shovels on to trucks.    A small portable crushing unit is\noperated intermittently.   Four men were employed.\nCorporation of the Municipality of Burnaby.\u2014Burnaby (49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W.).\nS. Thompson, works superintendent. The pit, on Stride Avenue, is operated by E. R.\nTaylor Construction Co. Ltd. for the Municipality of Burnaby. Gravel is mined by\ndigging with a 1-cubic-yard diesel-driven shovel. It is loaded into trucks and transported\nto a portable crusher or is used as run-of-pit gravel.\nCompany office,  1051 Main Street, Vancouver.    J. W. Sharpe,\nDeeks-McBride     general manager.   Two gravel pits and crushing plants were oper-\nLtd. ated during 1956 by this company.    One pit is near Coquitlam\n(49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W.) and the other near the mouth of Seymour Creek\n(49\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.E.).\nAt the Coquitlam pit, gravel is dug with a 1-cubic-yard-capacity dragline and is\ntransported by a conveyor-belt to a jaw crusher and then to the washing plant. The\nwashed and sized gravel is stored in steel bunkers and is sold locally or used in a ready-\nmix cement plant.   Ten men were employed.\nAt the Seymour Creek plant, gravel is mined by a 3A -cubic-yard dragline at the edge\nof Burrard Inlet. Gravel is transported by conveyor to the washing plant. Crushed,\nwashed, and sized gravel is shipped by scow or truck.   Thirty men were employed.\nLynnmour (49\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.E.).    Company office, Lynnmour.   W. J.\nHighland Sand and  Barrett-Leonard, manager.    This company operates two plants\u2014\nGravel Company     one at Lynnmour and one at 2962 Lambert Road, Langley Munici-\nLimited pality.    At the Lynnmour plant, sand, gravel, crushed products,\nroad materials, concrete blocks, and tiles are produced by this\ncompany.   Material is dug from low gravel faces by a % -cubic-yard diesel-driven shovel\nand is transported by truck to a crushing, screening, and washing plant.\nAt the Langley plant, gravel is mined by scraping, using two 1 Vz -cubic-yard crescent\nscrapers driven by an electrically powered double-drum donkey-engine. Gravel is conveyed to the plant, where it is washed, crushed, and sized. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 157\nDuring 1956 a total of 172,600 cubic yards of material was handled by these plants,\nwhich involved the following products: Crushed rock, 42,358 cubic yards; sand and\ngravel, 34,044 cubic yards; crushed fill, 96,198 cubic yards.\nMaclynn Gravel Co. Ltd.\u2014Lynnmour (49\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.E.). Company office, Keith\nRoad, Lynnmour. A. D. MacMillan, owner and operator. Gravel is dug by dragline\nfrom the bottom of Lynn Creek. The run-of-pit gravel is sold locally. Four men were\nemployed.\nHollyburn Trucking and Excavating Contractors.\u2014Lynnmour (49\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.E.).\nOffice, 1473 Clyde Street, West Vancouver. Arthur Knight, manager. Gravel is dug\nfrom the bottom of Lynn Creek by a dragline and is sold locally as run of pit. Ten men\nwere employed.\nWest Vancouver (49\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.E.). C. W. Bridge, general manager.\nCapilano Crushing This company operates three crushing and washing plants\u2014plant\nCo. Ltd. No. 1 at 606 Marine Drive, West Vancouver;  plant No. 2 at 33\nEast First Avenue, Vancouver;  and plant No. 3 on the foreshore\nof the Capilano River.\nAt plant No. 1, gravel is mined from the bed of the Capilano River by a 1 -cubic-\nyard diesel-driven dragline and transported to the plant for crushing, washing, and sizing.\nDuring 1956, 122,956 cubic yards of material was handled. Twelve men were employed.\nMaterial for the other two plants is mined by a clam-shell bucket operating from a\ntaut-line cableway. Gravel is either loaded on to scows and transported to plant No. 2\nor loaded on to trucks and transported to plant No. 3.\nDuring 1956, 346,803 cubic yards of material was produced from plant No. 2 and\n38,206 cubic yards was produced from plant No. 3. Fifteen men were employed at\nplant No. 2 and twelve men in plant No. 3.\nWest Vancouver (49\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.E.).    Office, Lower Capilano Post\nRoutledge Gravel   Office.   T. C. Routledge, president.   This company operates two\nLtd. pits\u2014one on the Indian reservation at the lower end of Lower\nCapilano Road, and the other at the mouth of Lynn Creek, the\nsite of the former Coldwater Sand and Gravel Co. Ltd.   In both pits gravel is scraped by\na 7-cubic-yard scraper from underwater deposits and is conveyed to crushing, screening,\nand washing plants.   Sixteen men were employed.\nConstruction Aggregates Ltd.\u2014Britannia Beach (49\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.E.). Company\noffice, 628 Carnarvon Street, New Westminster. During the latter part of 1956 ten men\nwere employed in construction of a crushing and washing plant at a gravel pit near\nBritannia Beach.\nHillside (49\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.E.).    Ray Kehoe, superintendent.   This pit\nHillside Sand &    is on the west shore of Howe Sound and is accessible by road from\nGravel Limited     Gibsons Landing.    Gravel is mined by washing with a constant\nflow of water cascading over the high pit face.   Gravel is mined by\na 3A -cubic-yard diesel-driven shovel, loaded into 15-cubic-yard Euclid trucks, and transported to a crushing and washing plant.\nThe screening and crushing section of the plant was rebuilt. A Syntron screen was\ninstalled to screen out \u20144-inch material, and the -f-4-inch product is crushed in a 30-\nby 42-inch jaw crusher. A conveyor-belt removes this material to a large storage pile.\nConveyor-belts in tunnels under this pile move the material to the washing plant.\nWashed and sized gravel is loaded on to scows for transportation. Fifteen men\nwere employed.\nRoyal Oak (48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.E.).    Office and plant, Keating Cross-\nButler Brothers     road.   Claude Butler, manager.   Gravel is dug from gravel faces\nSupplies Ltd.       by diesel-driven shovels and an overhead loader.   It is transported\nto a washing and sizing plant or is sold as pit run.   A ready-mix 158 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nplant furnishes concrete for local sales.    In 1956, 246,074 tons of gravel was mined.\nSix men were employed.\nSaanich (48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.E.).    Company office and plant, Royal Oak\nMc In tyre and       Post Office, Saanich.   Gravel is mined by hydraulicking or is dug\nHarding Gravel     directly from gravel faces by Vz-cubic-yard diesel-driven shovels\nCompany Limited   and is transported by trucks to a chute and grizzly.    It is then\nconveyed to a washing and screening plant.    Sand, gravel, and\nwashed and sized products are produced.   A concrete plant for making concrete bricks,\nbuilding-blocks, and drain-tile is also operated.   Twenty-five men were employed.\nAlbert Head (48 \u00b0 123 \u00b0 S.E.).   Company office, 900 Wharf Street,\nEvans, Coleman &  Victoria;   plant, Royal Bay.    A.  Parker, plant superintendent.\nJohnson Bros. Ltd.  Sand and gravel are mined by using a scraper on a slack-line cable-\n(Producers Sand & way to loosen packed gravel from the steep, high face.   The gravel\nGravel (1929)      is loaded by a 1 Y$ -cubic-yard shovel into a hopper, where it dis-\nLimited) charges on a conveyor-belt and is conveyed to the plant.   Gravel\nis crushed, screened, washed, and classified. During 1956, 433,600\ncubic yards of material was mined, which was made up as follows:   Sand and gravel,\n363,000 cubic yards;  crushed rock, 12,600 cubic yards;  crushed road gravel, 58,000\ncubic yards.   Twenty-five men were employed.\nDuncan   (48\u00b0   123\u00b0 N.W.).    Company office, Duncan.    Sand,\nA. V. Richardson   gravel, and crushed products are produced by this company from a\nLtd. pit on the Cowichan road nearly 4 miles from Duncan.   Gravel is\nmined by digging with an overhead-loading machine and also by\nscrapers.   Gravel is either used directly as fill or road dressing or is washed and sized in\nan adjoining plant and used for concrete.    During 1956, 17,500 cubic yards of gravel\nwas produced.   Three men were employed.\nSILICA\nCranbrook (49\u00b0 115\u00b0 S.W.).   Registered office, 530 Rogers Bu.ild-\nRimrock Mining    ing, Vancouver;  general office, 809 Eighth Avenue West, Calgary,\nCorporation        Alta.; mine office, Cranbrook.   Donald J. Fulton, president.   The\nLimited* property is composed of fifty-four recorded claims at the south end\nof the ridge between Kiakho and Jim Smith Lakes and includes the\nBert group, held for several years by Umberto Frisina, of Cranbrook.    It is reached by\n5 miles of road west from Cranbrook.\nA zone of intense silicification about 50 feet wide is exposed more or less continuously for at least 600 feet in outcrops and open-cuts. Recent exploration by surface\nstripping is reported to have considerably extended the length of this occurrence. This\nzone, which strikes roughly east and dips steeply north, follows a strong fault which has\nthrown the Creston formation into contact with the Aldridge formation. The brecciated\nquartzites are intensely silicified and contain a little vein quartz and small amounts of\npyrite and gold.\nWork commenced in December with the construction of 1 mile of bush road connecting to the Kiakho Lake road and 2,000 feet of stripping by bulldozer along the\nmineral outcrop. The stripped section is wide enough to permit the operation of four-\nwheel-drive vehicles along its length. One diamond-drill hole 80 feet in length was\ndrilled to investigate the continuity of the deposit at depth.\n[Reference:   Geol. Surv., Canada, Mem, 207, 1937, p. 51.]\nBy J. E. Merrett. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL MINERALS 159\nOliver (49\u00b0 119\u00b0 S.W.).    Pacific Silica Limited;  W. M. Hemp-\nOliver Silica        hill, president, 3300 First Avenue, Seattle, Wash.; Ivan A. Hunter,\nQuarry* manager, Oliver.   This silica quarry is on the Gypo mineral claim,\nowned by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company of\nCanada, Limited, and is 1 mile north of the village of Oliver and from 800 to 1,200 feet\nwest of the main highway. A new quarry, No. 2, was started immediately west of No. 1,\nand about 300 feet higher in elevation. Additions were made to the crushing and screening facilities at the No. 1 plant, and 1,000 square feet of additional storage space was\nprovided for the sacked product of the plant, which comprises stucco-dash, roofing-rock,\npoultry grit, and truck sander grit. The sacked material from this plant, amounting to\n6,365 tons, was shipped to Vancouver, Vancouver Island, and Alberta.\nThe No. 2 plant was built in 1956 for the purpose of processing rock for bulk shipments. The new plant consists of a 20- by 36-inch jaw crusher with apron feeder, one\n3- by 10-foot Simplicity U\/i-deck scalper screen, and one 4- by 10-foot Simplicity three-\ndeck secondary screen. Belt-conveyors and bunkers were installed to accommodate four\nsizes of rock, varying from 5-inch to \u2014 %-inch. Production at this plant started on\nOctober 1st. The product is trucked from the plant to the Great Northern Railway at\nOroville, Wash., and from there it is shipped to metallurgical plants in Washington and\nOregon. Bulk shipments from plant No. 2 during the last three months of the year\namounted to 11,461 tons.\nAt No. 1 pit the silica is quarried by Pacific Silica Limited. At No. 2 pit the\nquarrying is done on contract by the Interior Contracting Company Limited. Twenty\nmen were employed.\nSLAG\nGrand Forks (49\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.E.). The old Granby Company smelter-\nGranby Slag        slag dump at Grand Forks is owned by the City of Grand Forks.\nDump* The mining, sorting, loading, and hauling of the material is done\nby the Grand Forks Cartage Company Limited. Slag is blasted\nfrom benches 20 feet high at the south end of the dump. After blasting, the slag is hand-\nloaded and passed over a vibrating screen, and then is hauled by truck to the railway. A\ntotal of approximately 120 tons was shipped. Two men were employed at intermittent\nperiods.\nGreenwood  (49\u00b0   118\u00b0 S.W.).    P. Falkoski owns part of the\nGreenwood Slag    northern end of the slag at the old British Columbia Copper Com-\nDump* pany's smelter at Greenwood.   The slag is blasted from the face of\nthe dump, mechanically loaded into trucks, and hauled to the railway. Approximately 280 tons of slag was shipped to Vancouver for use in the manufacture of rock-wool insulation. A crew of from two to four men worked at intermittent\nperiods.\nCrofton (48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.W.).    This slag dump from the old Crofton\nCrofton Slag       smelter is owned jointly by Mrs. R. F. Castle and H. B. Elworthy.\nDumpt Slag is broken by blasting and then loaded on scows.   Slag is used\nfor sand-blasting.    Mining is done intermittently, and 11 cubic\nyards was removed in 1956.\n* By E. R. Hughes.\nt By R. B. King.  Petroleum and Natural Gas\nBy S. S. Cosburn\nProduction__ \t\nCONTENTS\nPage\n  161\nExploration Sum\nWell Samples\n[MARY\t\n.  161\n166\nPRODUCTION\nOn October 30th, 1956, the Boundary Lake field was officially declared an oilfield\u2014\nBritish Columbia's first.\nThe first commercial oil wells in the history of British Columbia were put on continuous production in June, 1956. By the year's end the Province had ten commercial\noil wells and ninety-four gas wells, all in northeastern British Columbia.\nTexaco Exploration Company, as operator for the Northern Foothills Agreement\ngroup, completed five oil development wells in the Boundary Lake oilfield in 1956. This\nmade a total of six oil wells in that field, all producing from the Triassic Schooler Creek\nformation.\nFour oil wells in the Fort St. John gas area were put on production during the year,\nthree producing from the Triassic and one from the Permo-Pennsylvanian.\nBy the end of 1956 the ten oil wells had delivered by truck 148,454 barrels of crude\noil to the Dawson Creek refinery, Texaco Exploration Company produced 107,439 barrels of 34 degrees A.P.I, gravity crude oil from the Boundary Lake field, while from the\nFort St. John field Pacific Petroleums Ltd. produced 31,919 barrels of 39 degrees A.P.I.\ngravity crude oil from the Triassic \" C \" sand and 9,096 barrels of 42 degrees A.P.I.\ngravity crude oil from the Permo-Pennsylvanian.\nGas production from three wells supplying the village of Fort St. John totalled\n187,846 thousand cubic feet. Of this amount, Pacific Fort St. John wells Nos. 19 and\n26 produced 162,516 thousand cubic feet from the Triassic \"A\" member and Pacific\nFort St. John No. 31 produced 25,330 thousand cubic feet from the Cadomin formation.\nThe development of oil and gas resources in the Peace River District during 1956\nshowed a definite increase over any previous year. The year 1956 marked the opening\nof a refinery in Dawson Creek, the initial construction of an absorption plant at Taylor,\ninstallation of much of the required Fort St. John field gathering system, and the completion of 70 per cent of the Westcoast Transmission Company's pipe-line to Vancouver\nand the International Boundary.\nEXPLORATION SUMMARY\nGeological and geophysical exploration was concentrated in northeastern British\nColumbia east of the Rocky Mountains, and a limited amount was done in the southeastern part of the Province in the Fernie district.\nSeventy-two seismic parties were reported to have conducted surveys throughout the\narea extending from Monkman Pass to the northern boundary of the Province east of\nthe Rocky Mountains. In addition, photogeologic studies and air-borne magnetometer\nsurveys were made over a large area, and numerous test-holes were drilled by several\ncompanies for structural data.\n161 162\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nRunning pressure test at well-head, Pacific Imperial Boundary Lake 1.\nSeparator and storage tanks in background.\nTank farm, Boundary Lake field. PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS 163\nSurface geological surveys continued, mostly in the foothills and front ranges of the\nRocky Mountains.\nFootage drilled increased 70 per cent over the 1955 total to 397,703 feet. Seventy-\nnine wells were operated during the year, of which eight were completed as oil wells,\nthirty-six were completed as gas wells, fifteen were abandoned, and at the end of the year\ntwenty were drilling. These wells were all in northeastern British Columbia, except two\ndrilling in the New Westminster district.\nThe high rate of gas discovery continued in 1956 throughout the area from Dawson\nCreek to Fort Nelson. Of the twenty-four wildcats drilled, twelve new gas areas were\nindicated by the completion of the following twelve successful wildcat gas wells: Gulf\nStates Bougie Creek No. 1, Imperial Pacific Kilkerran 12-31, Imperial Pacific Parkland\n6-29, Phillips Kobes No. 1, Richfield Canadian Decalta Big Arrow Creek No. 1, Shell-\nGulf Klua Creek No. 1, Texaco N.F.A. Boundary Lake No. 2, Texaco N.F.A. Boundary\nLake No. 3, Texaco N.F.A. Buick Creek No. 10, Union Snyder Creek No. 1, White-\nLloyd Alaskan Highway No. 1, and White-Lloyd Blueberry No. 9. 164\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\ns\na.\nO\nI\n\u00ab\na\nE\nE\nK\nc\nIX\nc-c-sc                                                     *                  CC-\nrt                       *0   \u00ab   \u00a3           rt                                                                               \"O                         rtrt                       rt\nJ6        \u25a0   1_6B     A                                           c             >>             a\nB                                 w                 \u25a0\u25a0    S3 5?   \u25a0 \u00a39         ....--'           ..\u00bb        \u00ab   -,  to w *. \u00ab        \u201e   I.        ,,   \u201e\ncn\n3\n\u20222                      J            <g|0g     0QQQ<<\u00ab     QQ<    <QggQ<    < <    ^U\nft                                  Sq.                           (Li _S*        CL        \u00bb,*\u00bb\u25a0.\u00bb\u25a0\u2022\u00bb    .9                                       D-D-j                                       -3\n55                         .2 7                o7i  o7       oooouuopooo      o o T  j4 o o       oo\n\u2022S3                    5 2             \u00ab 2 6 '1 2     \u00ab'3 \"I'1 \"3 '1 \u00ab I '8 \u2022___ *E     \u00ab \u00ab 2 2 '\u00a7 \"S    *\u00ab; *s    .2 .2\nSJ                                  Op                      w   p   y   eo   C         (-ini.i-VK-i.Ooii'X-         eo   eo   p   G   eo  en         w  n         eo   eo\nto                          > \u00a3                fl \u00a3 fc  rt \u00a3       rtrtrtrtrtrtrt-drtrtrt       rtrtggrtrt       cart      \u00abJ\u00ab\nc a c   \u25a0   . SS^a   \u2022   \u25a0   \u2022 ___? ___T   - \u2014'*' \u2014^ c e! ~ n \u25a0\u2014 e__T \u2022\u2014* n? r__T __a __a ca n es _=? ___T ___? e_? m     \u2022-?\u00ab-?               \u2022   \u2022   \u2022\n\u00b0u\u00b0 \u00a3? \u00a3? \u00b0 \u00b0 o o w^^ooS\u00abo\u00b0^^oooooouuo\u00b0oooooo \u00ab\u00ab? ^SS *? ep M\nc$Krt^^<zittr\/)m~^^0it\/}Mtnrtwoim'\/}n<AViwu5m&&wwMmMV}^Mrt^^^^^^\no\nrt\n^rtj3tHiH^>DrtrtkH^THrtrtSrtrt^rtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrtrt^rtrtrtrtrtrt^rtrt^.^^iHlHi--\n<0<C.Q<<OOQQQOOOOO<00000000000<OOOOOOQOOQOOQQQ\no\n-..2\nr- rt     !r.<-3ONtHTfONap^hHOO^a\\inhin^\u00abr.oinf.(\u00bb0vh^anOa^HinirON^\n0\\ o\ncs Ov    ivovDinovinOhOMnvor-^ vimov vdod ooov(NacoNOMTiar-o>cntNco'to^o\\omtoo\\'<r\u00bb\nTH o\ncs    'sot-~cnc^^c*^^^\\0\\Ct^^so^so^^^\\ocntncn^\\ocnso^Tt\\o\\0^^^\nP.\n\u00abf_\no\nHHin    i    ioncoo    !    i    :ovOint^rtoovoo.w^r^mt^\\Oi-<otncscoo.r--r\u00bb-o-co    i o. in    irnv.    :    :    1\nOOrH     !     lOmn^r     !     !\n<noOc^-^'novrt'rj.Qa,^Hr-.oc;,a^fno(NO'^r>r)'^-in\nmm     ! 0\\ 1\u2014     !     !     1\nTf un\\0     !     ! in Ov VD O     !\nv\u00a33r-rt\u00abnmo\\\\Doocoavr.O\\oocsovif-.oor-Or-mcsooTt\nt\u2014 0\\    :min    :\nHQ\nr- ov r-    '    'nenr-r.    '    '    'vovor^vo^^%D^TtTtv_3rncncn^\\o(r)SDTr'*vc\\o,^''^l-    ' to \u2022*\u00bb\u25a0    ' ^r ^    '\n\\DVCVC      ;\n>\u00a3 \\C vj3 VD     T            |\\0\\DVD*DVOVDVOvOVOvOvDVDvDVOvDvO'iOV--VDvDVOvDvDvD      IVOVD\n\\o \\o\nll.I'lVl       |\niflinviir\ni^io^v.uiir^io^in^i^ioioinininiri<ri>riw.ioi\u00ab^\n\u00abn u-i\n\u00abn m\nu\na\\ as as    |\nON  <3N CT\\ 0\\\nOvO\\OvOvOVffiO\\0\\Q\\0\\OvQ>OVOVO\\0\\0>0\\OvCiffiffiOvOs\nOV Ov\nas as\n(DO\neS ft\now*    i\nhMOO\\\nencs xf \\D t^ ^-' \\o\" t- m in\" x' vo vd t-' ^f <-*\" oo' vo oT rn t-\"m\"a\"t\nrt 0\"\nCA-rf\nw        (S\nCS CS CS CS\nCSCSrtCS         CSCS         CSCS         rtCSCSCSCSCSCSCS         ^-i\nCS CS\no\nU\n. o . !\nc c g   :\nrt  P  rt\n\u00bb-\u00bb  I-,  I-,       j\nc* -d ft ft\nr-J   P_l   CO   CO\nS_5_.__>__>'\u00a3t*M>jj > ^ob-S^^j Hti^j\u00abj >  >  >\nw^<^^^<c<^o^rt<:cocoo<:Qcooo2.^^i\n0 0\n20\nd d\n00\ninin^VDvCvOVD^^^OVO^^D^^^O^vovOVOvCVCVOVO^OVOvcv^vovovo^VO\n^^w.inioi\/.ioin^in^i\/11\/i^win^^uii\/.u.i^iovi^uii^inw\n>n 1^1 V> VI\nrt*0\n^0V0VJ\\0\\O\\CvOvO\\C\\OvO\\O\\0v0\\O\\0\\0V0v0v0\\C\\O\\5\\0\\Cs0v0v0v^0VOv0v^a\\O\\OsOsOv0\\0vO\\ffiOvOv\n.-. <n Tt oo\" in m cs o\" cs cn\" rf oo so cs\" vC rt owood \u2022\u2014 o* ci vo oo o\\* n rr\" oo r-\" m* m* o\" d o* m* th on\" rH tn SO *<f l> t\u00bb \\D\nO^h                CSfSCS                                     rtrt         P)f.\"H                CS                              CS         rt d CS CS                tS         rt rt r-t CS CS rt\n\" ft\nCO\nOft^o^c*oaJt_:oortartrtrtSrtncftft--\u00ab-j:33p-5g'g'sg'g'oOoOoooooo\n\u00abn 3 ^j- *C \"?\n_______._- Mmoo^^_o4m^^vDt^wO\\H^mTtinvOcoOiH(NMTf>n^w^'Hf^M^invooocAOt-\nh h h h \u00ab n pi    |   __i,oo   ig1rf^Tf^Tr^,t^^^inii.inw\u00bbo'o\u00ab-\u00bbovovo\u00abic>ct--t^r-'f-t~t--t--p'Cooo\nd\n2.\nvbS^^c-\n4.\nit\n<u\nI-l\ns\n>j\nz\n*3\n_.\n\u00a3\n'o\n-C ^ \u00a3\nw 9_ &\no\n60   ,\n1-\n4]\nc\nc\nM\n_\nK    L    t.\nSou\n>\nc\n. &\n1(11-\nHoi\ns\ns\nc\nc\nc\nc\nc\np\nc\ne\nc\nc\nc\nc\nc\np\nc\nc\np\nc\nc\nC\nc\nE\nc\nc\np\nc\nc\ne\n_\nc\nc\nC\n9o<\ni\ni\n_\n.\u2014  it ft rt _c\nx\n-c\nX\nx\nX\nX\n-E\n\u25a0c\nJ=\n\u00a3\nX\nX\n\u00a3\nX\nX\nX\nX\n\u00a3\nX\nX\nX\nX\nX\nX\nX\nX\nX\nx\n_:\nX\n\u00a3\nf\n\u00a3   C\no_ __ c_ _. ft c\nc\nc\nc\nc\nc\nc\nc\nc\nc\nc\nc\nc\nc\nc\nc\nc\nc\nC\nc\nc\nc\nc\nc\nc\nc\nc\nc\nc\nC\nc\nC\nC\nS\u00abPS\n\u00bbSi\n_   cu   -\nft   K\n_\n-\u2014\n_\nc\ne\n.'.\u25a0.\u25a0.i\u00ab\"\u00ab\u00bb-\ncua-o-&.Uooc\nH\u00bb (-\u00bb >-\u00bb f\u00bb I-i \u25ba*\u00bb H\u00bb l-\u00bb Hi \u00bb-\u00bb l-\u00bb 1^ hn H\ncococotococococococococococr\n__UUk-V-l_-,_-._-.UW---ll--V-lt-\n>\u2014\nL\nCO CO t\/\"\n------\nCO CO V\nr-\ncv\nL\nH-i i-i rt. >-><-> >-t >-t\nCO CO CO CO CO CO CO\n_-,    _-    1-    t-    u    v_    u\n00000000000000000000c\n000000000\n7.^7;^'^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^\n\u2022T__-_._.S_Q__T!,_l*_l'C'_3  0OOO00OO00000000O0OO00OO0OOOOO0OO\nc *^ S \"3 h 03 03 & d. a p. d. '5 'u 'o 'o 'o 'u o 'o o o 'o 'o 'o 'o '5 '5 '5 '3 'o 'o '5 '3 '3 3 a '3 '3 '3 '3 '3 '3 '3 '3\nrt?3?,u^.ecceCcS-lrtrta]-Srt<_t-rtc_c3rtc3rt-t-Idrtrte-C<-ca-J-cdc-rt<.rta)K)-I\nC\nc\nc\nc\nI\nI\nI\ni-\ni\u2014\np.\na\na\na\np-\np-\n(L\np-\n0-\np-\np.\np-\np-\n0.\np-\np-\np-\nP-\nQ.\na\na\nft\np.\nft\nft\nft\nft\nft\np.\na\np.\nP.\n& PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS\n165\n.... \u00bb o\n^3   u  i)n\n1\nSuspende\nAbandon\nAbandon\nGas well,\ns s -*\n|3n\npian\nDrillin\nDrillin\nDrillin\nDrillin\nSuspen\n) Susp\nQQO\no o  o  o  o\n.2\nma\nma\nsissi\nto   eo   eo   u_   eo\nto\nM                  M.<\u00a3\n\u25a0a 'C 'C \"C \"E 'C\nF-i *H\nxi!z \"d \"a \"d Jz 5    *d\ngHHHHH\no       u u o                ii\noasP-SS\n1\nn\n11\nando\ns we:\nando\nando\nando\ns we;\ns wel\nlling\nando\n| 0 & & ts is\nrt JP\n<.OOOOOQG<\n<0<<<OOQ<\nz\n1 *\nra \u00ab\ni-i rt\noo\ncs^-m Tf o tn O \u00a9\nCS^rt mvtmot-\nso as rt \\q o\\ -* o\\ \u00a9^\ni-T r-\" VO oo' oo\" m\"\n00 CO (N CS Ov CS\nCS rt  ^  \\0  rt  \u00ab0\n\u00a9 \"* r- o\\ m\n1 -m Ov oo Tf vo vo\n! cn cs cn cn in co^\n! rf rf Tf in \u25a0* *-*\nvor-cSrtcscsfSooi>rtTt\ntfjTroomf.vD^tfiON\noocoovoocs^inrtOOr-oo\nr- \u25a0<* \"sf \"* \u25a0*\" rf r-\" r* cn i> \"*\nlO-Ti-cscncsr-ocs\n!r~-OvCSO\\rtTT'*VO\n! o_ rn \u2022* \u00b0\u00b0 \u00bb\\ <S 1-; in\n' in,__r^oO(Ncio\u00a9in\noovO\\r-^rt tmo.\nio Hrt ma oo ! vo \u00a9\nvo m cn cn cs cn Imt\n\u00ab\u00abt Tf\" TT ^f -rt-\" tT\n1 ^ r-\n\u00a9 r- cs *-. cs cs cs\noo tt oo m cs vo Tf    , *.,\n\u00a9^ cc o^ oo rs \u00abn rt    : \u00a9\nco\" tf rf xt Tf\" rT t^\nvo\nm\nOv\ns\n\u25a0J\ns\nvomvovovovovovovovovovovovovo\nininm\u00bbnmin\"ninin>n>nin\u00bbninin\nosa\\OsOsasaso\\asasasosasososa\\\nVDinVOvPVOvDVDiO'iOVD\nmmmmmininininm\nOnOSONOvO.O.O\\0\\ONON\nVO\nm\nON\nVO\nin\nas\n\\Dt-HrHinoom^f,-Hfowir)vt<j\n\u00bb-i        cnrtr-icSCSCSCSrtCS        rt rt\nh > ci >j oo i-' rj \u00a3 d > :>. -\u25a0 2 d >\n\u00ab03j2pftti^<_>0^  =   \u00a7a_0\nOct.      1\nMar.   17\nMar.   18\nMar.   22\nSept.   12\nNov.     6\nDec.   27\nMar.   23\nMay     5\nAug.   31\ns\n>->\n<n\n\u00abS\nrt\n%\nvo vo in\nsn *n *n\nvovovovovomvo^oinininvovovovoinvovovovovo\u00bbnvoinvo\\ovovovo\\ovDvovovo\nin\u00abninininin\u00abnininininininin\u00abnin\u00bbn\u00bbnininininininin\u00bbninininmin>ninin\nasososasOsosasasosOsosososasososososososasosososasososasasosasOsOsOs\no   aj\npfi.\nS\u00a3..1.\"0<\u00abZO< Si* O 5 Z S Z O Z < C_i_LCl 5-.ZfcSSwSS<\nM tH r.\n<<<\nH <H rt rt rt cs m\n^ T m m cn\n<n vi ^i 4 vi vi c. o ,\nHr.oooN2^vNcnrt\n<D   U _0\nft ft O\n___=\u00ab\nc 5?\n_    \u2014\no o\nrt _. 5\nR t\u00bb S JE\nS II 2\no \u00bb 3 *\nVq 1.3'n\n* e of? \u00a3\nfr.   C   U   C fi\n9 *u 13  C   3 t__l\nS-tccp rtoix\na 2 2 >     H\n2  o  o  rt       o\nih ffi Pi co     co\nrt rt\nh-Jh-1\n^ M J*\nI-l  1-.  '-\n\"O \"P \"O\na0\n03 03\nc  \u00bb< <\nP? **\n\u25a001322\nc c^ \u201e\n3 o g g\n?_3_\nZZZZZZZZZ\nooooooooo\nCJOOOOUUt-C-\nc4CQ<3CQcQ?jc4c4c4\n,uu\n^ S3 c\nSee\nrt   O  O\nH&5\noj w g rt rt\n_J u \u20143 I_3 w\nJ_ aH .\na e v\nM M _.\nrt  rt rt  \u00ab.  .,\nJ hJ J > -s\nb& &^ K S3\nrt  rt rt d 0 .&\n\"O *a 13 o _, k\nc  C   C ^ \"\" ^j___.>>\npHpqpqpqffiffi   ,H^rtjj3DH\n\u00ab >. >. ;\nO -\n<33\nC    V    4)\n0 sj SJ\neJSJS\n3 TP T) \"d T3 *Q\no o o o o\naj   o  4)   a)   u 166 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nWELL SAMPLES\nUnless otherwise directed, any operator who drills a well for petroleum or natural\ngas is required to take samples of the bit cuttings representing interval depths of 10 feet\nor lesser intervals. The samples are to be washed, dried, and accurately labelled, and\nshipped prepaid to the Department of Mines, Stratigraphic Laboratory, Victoria, B.C.\nThe operator may be required to take samples by means of a core barrel.\nAll cores taken must be put in suitable boxes, accurately labelled, must be properly\nprotected and stored, and must be delivered as required.\nSo far as possible, cores taken in 1956 were examined and logged in the field. All\ncore from wells drilled in northeastern British Columbia is being stored in the Dawson\nCreek area. Those companies without core storage facilities in the Dawson Creek area\nmay store their core in the Department of Mines core storage depot (Pan Abode building)\nin Pouce Coupe.\nSamples of well cuttings are received at the Stratigraphic Laboratory in Victoria\nat frequent intervals during the drilling of each well. A part of each 10-foot logged\nsample is washed, dried, and logged, and is then stored in a glass bottle in sequence with\nother samples from the same well, so that a complete set of samples from each well is\navailable for examination. A part of each 10-foot sample is sent to the laboratory of the\nGeological Survey of Canada in Calgary. During 1956, 18,935 samples were washed\nand bottled in Victoria. Inspection of Lode Mines, Placer Mines, and Quarries\nBy H. C. Hughes, Chief Inspector of Mines\nCONTENTS\nProduction\t\nFatal Accidents.\nPage\n_ 167\n.. 167\nFatal Accidents and Accidents Involving Loss of Time  176\nDangerous Occurrences-\nProsecutions\t\nExplosives Used in Mines\t\nUnderground Diesel Equipment-\nAir-sampling\t\n  178\n  184\n  184\n  184\n  184\nDust Control and Ventilation  185\nMine-rescue, Safety, and First Aid  190\nBritish Columbia Mining Association Safety Division  192\nJohn T. Ryan Trophy  192\nWest Kootenay Mine Safety Association Trophy  193\nPRODUCTION\nThe output of metal mines for 1956 was 8,824,440 tons. This tonnage was produced from seventy mines, of which forty produced 100 tons or more.\nFATAL ACCIDENTS\nDuring 1956 there were fourteen fatal accidents connected with actual mining operations in metal mines and quarries. This was seven more than in 1955. There were 5,464\npersons employed below and above ground in metal mines and 1,043 persons employed\nin concentrators in 1956.\nThe ratio of fatal accidents per 1,000 persons employed in mines and concentrators\nwas 2.15, as compared with 1.13 in 1955.\nTonnage mined per fatal accident during the last ten-year period was 697,049 tons.\nThe following table shows the mines at which fatal accidents occurred during 1956,\nwith comparative figures for 1955:\u2014\nMine\nMining Division\nNumber of Fatal Accidents\n1956\n1955\n3\n2\n1\n1\n1\n1\n2\n2\n1\n1\nGolden\t\nFort Steele-\n1\nRevelstoke\t\n3\n1\nVancouver\t\n1\nYreka                     \t\nTorbrit Silver            -              \t\nSkeena   \t\nLiard.\t\nAtlin\u2014\t\nTulsequah - \t\nBig Bull      -\t\nAtlin\t\nTotals   \t\n14\n7\n167 168 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nThe following table classifies fatal accidents as to cause and location:\u2014\nCause Number Location\nFell over cliff at waste dump  1 Surface.\nBurned in bunk-house fire  1 Surface.\nStruck by rock from surface chute  1 Surface.\nElectrocuted   1 Underground.\nDrowned  1 Surface.\nDrawn into ore-pass by run of ore  3 Underground.\nBacked truck off dump  1 Surface.\nCrushed between car and post  1 Underground.\nBlasted   2 Underground.\nOvercome by gas  2 Underground.\nTotal   14\nA brief description of all fatal accidents follows.\nThomas Meade, aged 55 years, Canadian, single, and employed as a miner at the\nYreka mine, Quatsino, was instantly killed when he fell from the 1750 level dump to\nthe rocks about 72 feet below on February 15th, 1956, at about 10.20 a.m.\nThe 1750 level was started on the only small flat area available near that elevation.\nCribbing was used to build up sufficient area for a dump, and a suitable working area\nhad been laid out. The portal is reached by climbing down ladders on the cliff side from\nthe 1900 level. The dump opening is about 20 feet long and a guard-rail is provided\nfor the car to dump against to stop it from going over the cliff. There is also a ring on\nthe car and a chain with a hook on it, attached to a tie. The hook is hooked into the ring\nas an additional precaution when the car is being dumped.\nThe outer ends of the ties at the dump come to the edge of the cliff. The cliff slopes\nat 85 degrees for about 75 feet, after which the slope is flatter.\nAn air trammer and a 3-ton Ajax side-dump car were used to haul muck from the\ntunnel.\nThe only witness to the accident was Albin Danielson, who was handyman at the\ncamp and an experienced miner. He went to the 1750 level about 10.10 a.m. to sharpen\nbits. Meade was taking the car into the tunnel with the air motor for his first trip. The\nmotor was generally left underground to prevent freezing. When Meade came out he\nmentioned to Danielson that the muck was high grade and that some of it stuck to the\nbottom of the car. Danielson looked in and saw about 10 inches of muck in the car.\n(This would represent between one-half and 1 ton). Meade picked up a short-handled\nshovel and entered the car without moving it away from the dump. Danielson did not see\nMeade lock the dump handle, nor did he notice if the dump door was latched. He\nturned to his work and heard Meade scraping muck on the car bottom. He then heard\nthe car dump, the shovel rattle, and a loud shout. He stepped to the portal end of the\ncar and saw Meade strike on the rocks below. Help was obtained immediately, but when\nMeade was reached, about 800 feet below the portal, there was no sign of life.\nAn inquest was held at Port Alice on February 17th and 18th, and the Coroner's\njury returned the following verdict:\u2014\n\" We, the jury sworn to inquire into the death of Thomas Meade, miner, employed\nat Yreka Mines Limited, Quatsino Sound, find that Thomas Meade came to an accidental\ndeath between 10 and 10.20 a.m. from falling out of a mine dump wagon at the 1750\nlevel, result of which he received multiple injuries. It would appear an extensive fracture\nof the right side of the skull resulted in instant death, the body being recovered at\napproximately 800 level. We feel that had the safety device provided on this dump\nwagon been used, this accident would have been avoided.\" INSPECTION OF MINES 169\nJohn Ronning, aged 62, Canadian, and employed as a blacksmith at the Spider mine\nof the Sunshine Lardeau Mines Limited at Camborne, was presumed to have been\nsuffocated in a bunk-house fire at the Spider camp on May 13th, 1956, about 5.30 a.m.\nThe bunk-house was a modern frame building, insulated-and sheathed with asbestos\nsiding and an aluminium roof. It was 115 feet long and 30 feet wide and contained\nsixteen rooms, each accommodating two men. The rooms opened off a central corridor\nand there was a door to the outside at each end. About the centre of the building there\nwas a washroom on one side of the corridor and a recreation-room and furnace-room,\nwith an oil-fired furnace, on the other.\nThe following evidence was brought out at the inquest:\u2014\nAbout 12.30 a.m. on May 13th, 1956, Ronning and two other men were driven\nfrom Beaton to Camborne by taxi. Apparently all three men were under the influence\nof liquor; Ronning to the extent that he was not able to walk without assistance. They\nwere left in the washroom and recreation-room of the bunk-house. About 5.30 a.m. one\nof the men in the bunk-house was awakened by smoke. He opened the door from his\nroom to the hall, but the fire was so far advanced that he had to escape through the\nwindow. He turned in a fire alarm, which was answered promptly, and every attempt\nwas made to extinguish the fire. However, it was so far advanced that it could only be\nprevented from spreading to other buildings.\nWhen the fire was put out, a body, so badly burned that it could not be recognized,\nwas found where the recreation-room was located. A check of all men in the camp\naccounted for everyone but John Ronning. It is presumed that a match or cigarette was\nresponsible for the fire, as there was no evidence to show that it started in the furnace-\nroom.\nAn inquest was held in Revelstoke on May 30th, 1956, and the Coroner's jury\nreturned the following verdict:\u2014\n\" That the body that was found on the morning of the 13th day of May, 1956, in\nthe remains of the bunk-house situated at the Sunshine Lardeau Mines, Beaton, British\nColumbia, is presumed to be that of John Ronning.\n\" The deceased is presumed to have met his death on the 13th day of May, 1956, by\nsuffocation caused by the intense smoke of the fire of unknown origin which destroyed said\nbunk-house on that date.\"\nIvo Bortoluzzi, Italian, aged 27, single, and employed as a driller by Cassiar Asbestos\nCorporation Limited, died as a result of injuries received when he was struck on the head\nby a rock from the cirque chute at the open-pit mine on May 22nd, 1956, about 6.20 p.m.\nThe cirque chute is 600 feet long and has an average slope of 34 to 35 degrees. It\nis constructed of semi-circular steel sections 42 inches in diameter and 12 feet long, the\nsections being joined by fish plates. The top end is widened out to form a lip, and the\nore is pushed into the chute by a bulldozer. The lower end is open and the ore discharges\non to a stockpile.\nDamage to chute sections by falling rock is fairly common and, depending on the\ndampness of the ore, hang-ups in the chute are of frequent occurrence. Thus it is\nnecessary to have a small crew available to dislodge hang-ups and repair the chute at any\ntime.   Bortoluzzi was in this crew.\nImmediately before the accident, some ore had been sent down the chute and a hangup had occurred near the lower end. The shiftboss, Frank Clarke, was at the top of the\nchute and the maintenance crew at a point of safety near the lower end. Some large rocks\nwere pushed down the chute in the hope of dislodging the hang-up, but without success.\nSteps were taken to have loose material cleared from the lip of the chute, and it was\nthought to be safe. The maintenance crew then made their way down alongside the\nchute toward the hang-up, when a rock, about 25 pounds in weight, rolled over the lip of\nthe chute and went on down.   Clarke shouted a warning to the maintenance crew, all of 170 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nwhom apparently heard him. At this time Bortoluzzi was 97 feet from the lower end of\nthe chute. The falling rock, by now travelling at a very high velocity, jumped out of the\nchute and struck him on the side of the head before he could get out of the way. He\nwas immediately taken to the camp hospital but died of a fractured skull about four hours\nlater, without regaining consciousness.\nAn inquest was held at Cassiar on May 25th, 1956, and the jury returned the following verdict:\u2014\n\" Ivo Bortoluzzi came to his death at 9.35 p.m. on May 22nd as a result of being\nstruck down by a falling rock while working approximately 97 feet from the bottom of\nCassiar Asbestos Corporation's ore-chute leading from the top of McDame Mountain to\nthe cirque. We recommend that (1) further safety education be undertaken with the\nmen working, (2) have careful scaling be done at the top of the chute, and (3) a gate\nat the top of the chute be installed as soon as possible.\"\nIn addition to the recommendations given in the verdict of the Coroner's jury, it is\nsuggested that a warning system be installed to warn all personnel to keep clear when\nore is being pushed into the chute and that the sides of the chute be scaled frequently to\nprevent rocks from rolling in, especially while the snow is melting.\nIt was noted that Bortoluzzi was not wearing a hard hat at the time of the accident.\nThis is something of a problem at Cassiar, since the strong and bitterly cold winds which\nfrequently blow around the summit of the mountain often make it impractical to wear\nanything but a parka. In any case, it is very doubtful whether a hard hat would have\nsaved Bortoluzzi in this case, since the rock struck him fairly low on the head.\nAlex. S. Chernoff, aged 44, Canadian, single, and employed as a first-class electrician by Canadian Exploration Limited, Salmo, was apparently instantly killed when he\nwas electrocuted at No. 410 underground substation in the Jersey mine on July 26th,\n1956, at about 11.30 a.m.\nChernoff, in company with Earl Gilbert McLean, electrical foreman, arrived at the\ntransformer-station about 11.25 a.m. A combination magnetic starter, formerly operating a fan motor, was to be removed for use elsewhere. Energy is supplied to this starter\nfrom a 440-volt 3-phase distribution panel containing five breaker switches. McLean\nlifted the lid and observed they were all in the \" off \" position except the top left-hand\none, which controlled the lights in the transformer-station and near-by workings. McLean\nturned this switch off and then on again as a check of the \"on \" and \" off \" positions.\n(There is a certain amount of confusion with this type of distribution panel as the upper\nswitches are \" off \" when up and the lower one \" off \" when down.) McLean lowered\nthe panel cover and told Chernoff, who was beside him, to proceed with the removal of\nthe starter. He then left the transformer-station to investigate a raise near by which\nwould be their route of travel. Returning in about two minutes he found Chernoff lying\non his back, his left hand grasping the end of three wires which he had apparently just\nremoved from the starter box. McLean looked into the distribution panel and found\nthe lower right-hand switch controlling the electricity to the starter in the \" on \" position.\nHe turned it off and removed the wires from Chernoff. Help was obtained and artificial\nrespiration applied until the arrival of Dr. Carpenter from Salmo about 1.10 p.m., who\npronounced the man dead.\nThe deceased was an experienced, qualified electrician and had worked for Canadian Exploration Limited for the past five years. There is no explanation as to why he\nturned on the breaker switch after McLean left, unless he checked the position and\nbecame confused.   He had a tester with him but apparently did not use it.\nThe autopsy showed an abrasion over the left eye and deep electrical burns on both\nhands. The doctor, after listening to the evidence, stated he believed that death was\ndue to respiratory failure. INSPECTION OF MINES 171\nAn inquest was held at Salmo at 7.30 p.m. on August 1st, 1956, and the Coroner's\njury returned the following verdict:\u2014\n\" We, the jury, find the deceased Alex. Sam Chernoff met his death by electrocution\nat the 410 substation located in the 4200 level of the Canadian Exploration Jersey Mine\non July 26th at approximately 12 noon, 1956. Electrocution due to the deceased's mis-\njudgment of the switch controlling the current which fed the box on which he was working. This jury recommends that a more visual identification be used to determine the\n' off ' and ' on ' position of the switches in these darkened areas.\"\nThe recommendation of the jury is agreed with. The words \" on \" and \" off \"\ncannot be observed in this type of distribution panel after it has been in use underground\nfor a short period. The difference in the \" off \" positions of the upper and lower switches\nis most confusing to a layman, and apparently in this case to a qualified electrician. The\nelectrical superintendent of Canadian Exploration Limited pointed out that this type of\ndistribution panel in use in Japan had installed in it little neon lights for each switch.\nHe suggested that this might be incorporated in Canadian models. Another suggestion\nis that part of a switch be recessed behind a sliding door, which would have to be lifted\nto put a switch in the \" on \" position. The distribution panel in question had been\napproved by the Canadian Standards Association, and it is therefore recommended that\nthe above suggestions be brought to the attention of that association.\nHarold M. Stanley, aged 46, Canadian, married, and employed as a truck-driver\nby Lipsack Enterprises Limited, was apparently drowned when the truck in which he\nwas riding plunged into the Tulsequah River after failing to make the turn at the east\nend of the Tulsequah River bridge, on August 6th, 1956.\nLipsack Enterprises Limited has a contract to haul ore from the Big Bull and Tulsequah Chief mines to the concentrator for the Cominco operations at Tulsequah.\nAt the time of the accident, Stanley was riding as a passenger in the cab of a truck\ndriven by his supervisor, Benjamin C. Montpellier, who is in charge of Lipsack operations at Tulsequah. They were hauling ore from the Big Bull mine to the mill, a total\ndistance of 6 miles. The company-owned gravel road was in good condition and grades\nare not severe. The approach to the east end of the bridge is made around a gentle\nS-bend down a 10-per-cent grade, with a 90-degree turn at the lower end on to the bridge.\nThe bridge itself is a pile trestle 15 feet wide, decked with 3- by 12-inch timbers, and\nwith a 6- by 8-inch guard-rail on each side. The truck was a White W.C. 22 tandem\nvehicle of the \" tagalong \" type with four pairs of wheels at the rear end, the front two\npairs being the driving wheels. The total weight of the loaded truck is about 20 tons,\nincluding a 15-ton ore load.\nMontpellier stated that as he approached the turn on to the bridge, at an estimated\n20 miles per hour, he felt the front end of the vehicle tip up. He lost control of the\nvehicle and claims to remember nothing more until he was pulled out of the water. There\nwere no other witnesses to the accident. Soon after, Harry Beckman, sawmill operator,\ndrove on to the bridge and noticed a lot of water splashed on to it. He investigated and\nsaw Montpellier clinging to some driftwood which had caught under the bridge. He\nobtained help and pulled him out, but Montpellier was incoherent, and it was not until\nthey had taken him home that they learned that another man was in the truck at the\ntime of the accident.\nDragging operations finally located the truck lying on its side in 12 feet of water\nin midstream, to the north of the bridge. It was hauled out, but there was no sign of\nStanley, nor could his body be found after dragging operations had been continued for\nseveral hours, under extremely difficult conditions. Because of this, no inquest has been\nheld.\nThe truck was in good mechanical condition. 172 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956\nOn August 11th, 1956, Ippazio Damiano Seravezza, aged 26, Italian, single, and\nemployed as a miner; Anton Ornatowiz, aged 38, Polish, married, and employed as a\nscraperman; and Leslie Horace Rogers, aged 52, Canadian, married, and employed as\na shiftboss, died as a result of injuries received when the grizzly in 34-D stope in the\nMineral King mine, near Invermere, gave way and they were drawn into the ore-pass\nbelow, together with the muck resting on the grizzly.\nThe 34-D stope was a small stope which was being cut above the draw point from\nwhich the ore was to be drawn. The top of the draw point, about 6 by 8 feet, was\ncovered with a grizzly constructed as follows: Two 8- by 8-inch bearing sets in hitches\nwere placed at each end of the long dimension of the opening; three 8- by 8-inch timbers\nrested on the bearing sets and spanned the opening; and 6- by 8-inch timbers crossing\nthe spanning timbers formed 16- by 18-inch openings. Access to the stope was by means\nof a short drift from 24 crosscut. The over-all dimensions of the stope were about 38\nby 40 feet, and it was about 20 feet high from the grizzly to the back. The ore-pass,\nabout 145 feet long, was driven from 34 crosscut about 110 feet below the bottom of\nthe stope.   Ore was drawn through a standard chute in 34 crosscut.\nAt noon on August 11th, Seravezza completed the drilling and blasting of a total\nof ten holes in the stope above the grizzly. About 1.30 p.m., M. D. Plecash, the mine\nforeman, entered the stope and observed that no workmen were present and that the\ngrizzly was covered with muck. He left the stope in search of the crew and, on finding\nOrnatowiz, instructed him to remove the electrical blasting equipment which had been\nused. Plecash then met the shiftboss, Rogers, and advised him of the condition of the\nstope. He instructed Rogers to assist Saravezza and Ornatowiz in opening the grizzly,\nand cautioned him to use care so as to avoid being drawn through the grizzly openings\nwhen the muck commenced to flow. He then went to look for Seravezza, but, as he was\nunable to find him, he returned to the stope to find it empty and the grizzly gone. On\ncloser examination he found Seravezza hanging on his safety rope about 20 feet below\nthe collar of the raise.\nRescue operations were started immediately. Seravezza was drawn from the raise.\nHe was dead, having received a severe blow on the head from a rock. Because of the\nlarge amount of loose rock at the raise collar and the shattered ground in the stope as a\nresult of the blast, an attempt was made to get the men out by drawing muck from the\nchute. This resulted in a hang-up about 30 feet above the chute, and efforts were then\ndirected to getting at the men from the top of the raise. The loose muck was cribbed\nup and a bulkhead put over the raise. It was also found necessary to erect a timber\nplatform under the loose back in the stope. Assistance was asked for and received from\nthe mine-rescue crew from the Giant Mascot mine and five timbermen from the Sullivan\nmine. It was necessary to remove the muck with water-buckets, which were passed up\nthe raise and out of the stope through 24 crosscut.\nOrnatowiz's body was recovered at 5.30 a.m. on August 13th, and Roger's body\nabout two hours later.   The men were both dead when found.\nIt is believed that when the grizzly caved the three men had either stepped on the\nbroken muck covering it or were so close to the edge that they were swept down in the\nmoving muck.\nAn inquest was held in Invermere on August 16th, and the Coroner's jury returned\nthe following verdict:\u2014\n\" We the jury empanelled to inquire into the deaths of Ippazzio Damiano Serravizza,\nLeslie Horace Rogers, and Anton Ornatowiz whose deaths were caused by an accident\nat the Mineral King mine situated 27 miles west of Invermere in the County of East\nKootenay in the Province of British Columbia August 11th, 1956, at approximately 2\np.m. It is apparent that Ippazzio Damiano Serravizza died instantly as a result of a\nblow to the head by falling rock as a result of failure of a grizzly. INSPECTION OF MINES 173\n\" It is also apparent that Leslie Horace Rogers and Anton Ornatowiz met their\ndeaths by exposure and shock caused by injuries sustained when they were buried by\nfallen rock as a result of the same grizzly collapsing.\n\" Recommendations: We the jury strongly recommend that proper safety equipment be provided and maintained throughout the entire operation and that more adequate supervision of its use be given.\"\nThe recommendation of the jury is concurred with.\nRudolf Herbert Laber, aged 26, German, single, and employed as a diesel mechanic\nat the Cassiar Asbestos mine, died as a result of injuries received when a truck he was\nbacking down a slope went over the edge of the 6160 bench and rolled 167 feet down\nthe side of the mountain on August 20th, 1956, about 4.10 p.m.\nThe 6160 bench is a new bench being started below the 6175 bench. Access from\nthe 6175 bench is by a sloping ramp about 50 feet long and on a down grade of from\n6 to 8 per cent. The truck was an International L-204, of 10-ton capacity, with dual\nrear wheels and fitted with an air braking system.\nOn the day of the accident, the truck, after being loaded, had developed engine\ntrouble and was parked near the head of the ramp to the 6160 bench. As the trouble\nnecessitated a major repair job, with removal of the cylinder head, it was decided to\nunload it by dumping the ore at the face of the 6160 bench. Frank Clarke, shiftboss,\narranged with a \" Cat.\" driver, Aime Chagnon, to push the truck to the top of the ramp,\nfrom where it would roll down the slope in reverse to the face of the bench. Clarke was\nabout to fetch a truck-driver to steer the truck when Chagnon pointed to Laber and said,\n\" That fellow can steer it.\" Clarke asked Laber if he could do it and if he had a driver's\nlicence, and he replied in the affirmative. Laber got in the cab and started the engine,\nbut was immediately told to stop it as there was a bad knock. The air brakes were not\navailable, but the ground was covered with stiff mud and the truck would only travel\nslowly. Chagnon slowly pushed the truck to the brow of the grade. As the truck began\nto run backward slowly down the grade, Laber steered it correctly at first and then\nturned the wheels so that the truck went back in the direction of the edge of the mountain. Chagnon shouted to him to swing the wheel over, but Laber paid no attention, and\nthe vehicle, moving very slowly, continued to the edge, hung there for a few seconds and\nthen went over, carrying Laber with it. It fell and slid 167 feet, and Laber was found\npinned under the running-board and gas-tank. He was dead on arrival at the hospital.\nThere seems to be no good explanation why he did not steer the truck correctly as he\nhad had experience in driving heavy vehicles.\nAn inquest was held at Cassiar on August 22nd, 1956, and the Coroner's jury\nreturned the following verdict:\u2014\n\" Rudolf Herbert Laber came to his death by accident on McDame's Mountain on\nAugust 20th, 1956, at 4.10 p.m. We hold no one to blame as there appeared to be no\nhard and fast rule for operating vehicles at the mine. We of the jury recommend the\nfollowing:\u2014\n\"(1) No person other than those with written authorization shall operate any\nmotor-vehicle, caterpillar, or loader at the mine.    Authorized persons\nshall operate only their own vehicles.\n\"(2) Authorization must be carried at all times by the operator and must be\nshown on request.\n\"(3) Authorization shall bear the signature of the test examiner.\n\"(4) When a non-operative vehicle is being moved, a safety anchor or a winch\nshould be attached from the machine to the vehicle and that a machine\nshould have sufficient power to control both itself and the vehicle being\nmoved.\n\"(5) We recommend that these precautions be put into effect immediately. 174 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\n\"(6)  In view of the possibility of future accidents, we recommend that a\nqualified first-aid man be stationed at the mine at all times.\"\nKeith Kavanagh, aged 27, Canadian, single, and employed as a mucking-machine\noperator by Torbrit Silver Mines Limited at Alice Arm, was instantly killed when he was\napparently crushed between an ore-car and a post near a grizzly above the ore-pocket on\nthe 800 level on August 29th, 1956, about 7.05 a.m.\nOn the morning of the accident, Kavanagh was employed at his usual occupation of\noperating a mucking-machine at a draw point in 801 drift, tramming the full cars with\na Mancha battery locomotive and dumping them on the grizzly near the shaft. The cars\nare of the Granby type and are 5 tons capacity. The track is a 2-foot gauge, and 30-\npound rails are used. Forty-five feet back from the grizzly there is a switch with a\nweighted lever. It is normal practice for operators to stop their locomotives on either\nside of this switch and throw it, if necessary.\nAt 7.05 a.m. J. R. McPhee, cage-tender, was at the 800 level pocket when he heard\nan unusual noise. On investigation he found a Granby car and battery locomotive derailed and partly overturned against a 6- by 6-inch concrete dam for deflecting water from\nthe shaft. Turning to the right toward the grizzly, McPhee saw Kavanagh lying beside the\ntrack about 40 feet from the derailed car and locomotive. He appeared to be dead as he\nhad a fractured skull and chest injuries. Help was obtained and Kavanagh was taken to\nthe first-aid room. Here a further examination was carried out and there was no sign\nof life.\nIt would appear either that Kavanagh fell off the locomotive, as it was going through\nan old door frame, and was crushed by the car which continued on, or that he dismounted\nwhile the locomotive was in motion, intending to turn the switch and jump on again. The\nmotor was going in reverse and was ahead of the car. The controller was found stuck in\nthe full reverse position. The dog engaging the spring which brings the control lever to\nthe neutral position when the operator's hand is removed was found to be broken, but had\nbeen checked by the electrician and found to be in good order two days before. The\ngeneral condition of the locomotive, car, track, and general area was satisfactory.\nAn inquest was held at the mine on the afternoon of the accident, and the Coroner's\njury returned the following verdict:\u2014\n\"We, the jury, find that at 7 a.m. on Wednesday, August 29th, 1956, on the 800\nlevel at the Torbrit Silver mine, Keith Kavanagh met his death by accident. We recommend that:\u2014\n\"(1) A light be installed at the track switch by the grizzly.\n\"(2)  All recommendations made by the Government Inspector are carried\nout, and all safety regulations rigidly enforced.\"\nGeorge Andrew Ludwick, aged 30, Canadian, married, and Thomas Bud Royko,\naged 32, single, employed as miners by The Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company\nat the Tulsequah Chief mine, Tulsequah, were both instantly killed by a blast in 5247\ndrift South on November 25th, 1956, at about 2.30 a.m.\nThe 5247 drift South is an 8- by 8-foot development drift on the 5200 level of the\nmine and, at the time of the accident, the face was partly in mineralized altered greenstone. On the night of the accident, Ludwick and Royko began work in the drift at 7\np.m., November 24th. They first mucked out one and a half cars and then proceeded to\ndrill the next 5-foot round. They drilled thirty-six holes. At 9.45 p.m. they were visited\nby H. McDonald, the shiftboss, who found they were nearly drilled off and that everything\nappeared to be in order. He took their order for two cases of powder and thirty-four\n7-foot fuses and left. About 1.30 a.m. two timbermen, D. Gillis and P. O'Rourke, had\nto do some timbering in the immediate area and noted that the round was drilled off and\nthe face was quite dry. One man was making primers and the other was working on the\ntrack. At 2.05 a.m. K. Panter, a miner from the 5249 drift North, came into the place\nto check so that both crews could blast at 2.30 a.m.   Panter noted that the round was INSPECTION OF MINES 175\nloaded and the Thermalite connectors were in place on the fuses. (Fuses are supplied\ncapped at one end and with a Thermalite connector at the other.) Ludwick and Royko\nagreed with Panter to light their round at 2.25 a.m. Panter returned to his heading and\nlit his round at the agreed time. He waited at the bottom of the 5200 service raise for a\nfew minutes until he heard the first shots go off and then went out of the mine.\nThe shiftboss, H. McDonald, on arriving at the surface, found that Ludwick and\nRoyko were not in the dry. He immediately obtained help and went back underground.\nAfter some difficulty, due to dense smoke, the face of 5247 drift South was examined and\nthe bodies of Ludwick and Royko were found. The men were apparently dead, and this\nwas confirmed by the mine doctor when they were brought to the portal. After the arrival\nof the Inspector, the round was mucked out and all materials which might throw some\nlight on the accident were carefully collected. The round consisted of thirty-six holes in\nall, 5 feet deep and 13\/s inches in diameter. Four of the holes in the burned cut were not\nloaded, making a total of thirty-two holes. The explosive used was 75 per cent Forcite.\nA right back hole and left lifter had not been spit, and the fuses of these two holes were\nfound with the Thermalite connectors cut off and the ends split by a knife ready for spitting. Twenty-eight cut fuse ends varying in length from 1 to 16 inches, with Thermalite\nconnectors attached, were also found, as was an open pocket knife and four used hot wire\nlighters. The unused powder and fuses were accounted for. There was no sign of any\nThermalite ignitercord.\nThere seems little doubt that for some reason Ludwick and Royko departed from\nthe usual practice at Tulsequah; that is, to use Thermalite ignitercord to fire all drift\nrounds. Instead, they trimmed the fuse, cutting off the connectors, and then attempted\nto spit each fuse with hot wire lighters and remained too long at the face.\nBoth men were experienced miners, although they had only been employed at\nTulsequah for eight weeks. Both were familiar with ignitercord, and had used it up to\nthe time of the accident.\nAn inquest was held in Tulsequah on December 8th, 1956. The Coroner's jury\nreturned the following verdict:\u2014\n\" We, the jury, agree that death was accidental and we feel there was negligence on\nthe part of the deceased because they trimmed the fuse. If you use Thermalite you do not\ntrim the fuse. We feel in future any miners found trimming fuse should be immediately\ndismissed.\"\nWilliam Lloyd McLellan, aged 36, Canadian, married, and Trevor Evans, aged 49,\nCanadian, married, and both employed as timbermen by The Consolidated Mining and\nSmelting Company of Canada, Limited, at the Sullivan mine, Kimberley, died as a result\nof being asphyxiated in 36-165 raise between the hours of 11 a.m. and 2.30 p.m. on\nDecember 4th, 1956.\nOn day shift of December 4th, McLellan and Evans were assigned the task of\nremoving two old chutes at 36-185 raise. In order to remove the loose muck before\ntearing out the chutes, they were supplied with a motor and two cars, as the muck had to\nbe trammed about 800 feet to the ore dump. The 36-165 raise is about midway between\nthe 36-185 raise and the ore dump.\nThe 36-165 raise and 36-163 raise had been driven to service a stope which is now\nbackfilled with waste and sulphide tailings. Two concrete seals had been put in the sub-\ndrifts from the raises to the stope for sulphur dioxide fume control. Six weeks before,\nthe ventilation crew had checked the seals. No leaks were found, nor was any sulphur\ndioxide detected in the adjacent workings.\nAt 9.50 a.m. on the day of the accident, the shiftboss, Bill Muir, visited the working-\nplace and spoke to the two men. Everything was in order. At about 1 p.m. Muir again\nvisited the working-place. The motor and ore car were gone and he presumed the men\nwere at the dump emptying a car. As the men did not report off at the end of the shift,\nMuir and another man went to search for them.   A light was seen in 36-165 raise, and\nL 176 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nMuir climbed up to investigate, but had to retreat because of bad air. Compressed air\nwas turned into the raise, and Muir went for Chemox equipment and phoned for the\ndoctor and additional assistance. Chemox equipment was put on and the men were\nremoved from a platform about 36 feet up the raise. No pulse was evident, but artificial\nrespiration and oxygen therapy were applied until the arrival of the doctor, who pronounced the men dead.\nAir samples taken after the compressed air had been blowing for about an hour gave\n8 per cent oxygen at the top of the raise, 12 per cent at the face of the lower seal, and 17\nper cent at the platform where the men were found. For four days after the accident the\nair was tested and progressively decreasing amounts of oxygen were found, until on\nDecember 9th the oxygen content of the air at the platform decreased to 3 Yz per cent.\nOnly negligible amounts of carbon monoxide and sulphur dioxide were found in any of\nthe analyses.\nAll evidence pointed to the fact that the men had thought the platform in 36-165\nraise a good place to eat lunch as it was out of a strong current of air in the drift below.\n(Their lunch-boxes were found on the platform.) They had been overcome by a lack of\noxygen and had died as a result.\nAn inquest was held, and the final sitting, postponed to get the results of air samples\nand blood analysis, was held on January 9th, 1957. The jury returned the following\nverdict:\u2014\n\" We, the jury, summoned to enquire into the cause of the deaths of Trevor Evans\nand William Lloyd McLellan, hereby find that Trevor Evans and William McLellan met\ntheir death on December 4th, 1956, between the hours of 11 a.m. and 2.50 p.m., on the\nplatform at the junction of 36-165 raise and 36-163 Sub E situated off 3653 XCE in the\nSullivan mine, situated in the County of Kootenay, in the Province of British Columbia.\n\" We also find that the death of Trevor Evans and William Lloyd McLellan was due\nto carbon monoxide poisoning assisted by a very low concentration of oxygen in the air.\n\"Riders:\u2014\n\" No. 1. We, the jury, recommend that all non-working areas be fenced off and\nsigns be posted designating non-entry.\n\"No. 2. We, the jury, recommend that suitable eating places be made available\nto the mine employees.\n\" No. 3. We, the jury, recommend that the rules governing the insertion and\nremoval of clock number pegs be strictly enforced.\n\"No. 4. We, the jury, recommend that William Muir and Frank C. Lowes\nbe commended for their prompt action following the discovery of the\naccident.\"\nWe do not agree that death was due to carbon monoxide poisoning as no evidence\nof a sufficient concentration was obtained.\nBoth men were old employees of the company, McLellan having worked for seventeen years and Evans for thirteen.\nFATAL ACCIDENTS AND ACCIDENTS INVOLVING LOSS OF TIME\nFourteen fatal accidents and 180 accidents involving a loss of time of seven days or\nmore were reported to the Department. These were investigated and reported on by the\nInspectors of Mines.\nThe following three tables classify these accidents as to cause, occupation, and as to\nparts of the body injured. INSPECTION OF MINES 177\nAccidents Causing Death or Injury Classified as to Cause\nNumber of Percentage\nCause                                                                                                    Accidents of Total\nBlasting       9 4.6\nBreaking of staging, ladders       2 1.0\nFalls of ground     36 18.6\nFalls of material and flying material     11 5.8\nFalls from ladders, staging, etc       2 1.0\nSlipping and falling     28 14.4\nLifting and handling material     61 31.4\nMachinery and tools     28 14.4\nRun of ore or waste       3 1.6\nBurns and shock       3 1.6\nGassed       2 1.0\nMiscellaneous       9 4.6\nTotals  194 100.0\nAccidents Causing Death or Injury Classified as to the Occupation\nof Those Injured\nOccupation\nUnderground\u2014\nChutemen\t\nHaulagemen\t\nMiners\t\nMuckers\t\nTimbermen\t\nRepairmen\t\nTrackmen and pipe-fitters.\nSkip-tenders\t\nMiscellaneous\t\nSupervisors and staff  2\nSurface\u2014\nShops\t\nMill\t\nSurface, general     12\nQuarries\t\nTotals  194 100.0\nNumber of\nAccidents\nPercentage\nof Total\nl\n0.5\n.    13\n6.7\n103\n53.2\n.    13\n6.7\n11\n5.7\n2\n1.0\n3\n1.5\n2\n1.0\n13\n6.7\n2\n1.0\n11\n5.7\n6\n3.1\n12\n6.2\n2\n1.0 178 report of the minister of mines, 1956\nAccidents Causing Injury Classified as to Parts of the Body Injured\nLocation\nHead and neck\t\nEyes\t\nTrunk\t\nNumber of\nAccidents\nPercentage\nof Total\n7\n3.6\n3\n1.5\n32\n16.5\n.    26\n13.4\n.    11\n5.7\n.    34\n17.5\n.    50\n25.8\n11\n5.7\n4\n2.1\n2\n1.0\n14\n7.2\nBack (including shoulders)\t\nArms (including wrists)     11\nHands and fingers     34\nLegs and ankles 1\t\nFeet\t\nToes\t\nShock.\t\nFatal\t\nTotals  . 194 100.0\nDANGEROUS OCCURRENCES\nThirty-four dangerous occurrences were reported as required by section 9 of the\n\" Metalliferous Mines Regulation Act\" and investigated by the Inspectors of Mines.\nOf these occurrences, seventeen were connected with shafts and hoisting, seven with\nmine fires on the surface, four with explosives, two with caves, two with runs of muck\nor rockslides, one with haulage, and one with electricity.\nThe following table lists these occurrences, together with the names of the mines\nwhere they occurred and brief details of each:\u2014 INSPECTION OF MINES\nDangerous Occurrences, 1956\n179\nDate\nMine\nCause\nHoisting\nHaulage\nExplosives\nFire\nCave\nElectrical\nRock-\nslide\nRemarks\nJan. 20\nJan. 30\nFeb. 8\nFeb. 17\nFeb. 26\nFeb. 29\nMar. 2\nMar. 7\nMar. 27\nApr. 4\nApr. 12\nApr. 13\nApr. 15\nApr. 22\nMay 9\nMay 9\nMay 30\nJune 15\nJune 20\nJuly 1\nJuly 12\nAug.\nOct.\n19\n3\nOct.\n9\nOct.\nOct.\n22\n22\nOct. 30\nNov. 12\nNov. 17\nNov. 20\nNov. 23\nDec. 5\nDec. 11\nDec.  18\nH.B\t\nBralorne\t\nBralorne \t\nPioneer\t\nCanadian Exploration\nBralorne\t\nBralorne..\nCanadian Exploration\nIron Hill \t\nBralorne ._\t\nReeves MacDonald\nBlue Grouse.\t\nBritannia\t\nBralorne-  \t\nSpider\t\nSilver Giant \t\nBritannia _\t\nSullivan _\nHighland-Bell- _\nClayburn\u2014 \u2014\nPioneer _.\nBralorne\t\nPioneer \t\nH.B -\t\nEmerald\t\nCopper Mountain...\nBralorne\t\nYreka\t\nPremier \u2014\nPremier \t\nAurum\t\nReeves MacDonald\nMineral King\t\nCanadian Exploration\nTotals\t\n17\n7 2 1\nBulldoze detonated near small explosive storage.\nSkip lowered on closed spill doors\nin Crown shaft.\nRope damaged by blast.\nHead sheave broke in No. 3 shaft.\nFire destroyed small lunch building.\nCage stopped suddenly, bounce engaged dogs, slack cable kinked.\nHoistman let cage drop on bulkhead.\nRope came off sheave due to ice.\nPower-house destroyed by Are.\n815 feet of 3-conductor armoured\ncable dropped down Crown shaft.\nDraw-bar pin dropped out, causing\ncars to jack-knife.\nFire completely destroyed office,\nwarehouse, dry, machine-shop.\nNo. 1 shaft cage lowered on to temporary bulkhead.\nEmpire shaft brakes applied too\nquickly.\nFire destroyed compressor and\nbuildings at No. 10 portal.\nBail broke on No. 2 skip.\nDeepened holes by drilling in bootlegs.\nBurns received by arc while testing\nelectrical equipment.\nPower-house adjoining mill damaged\nby fire.\nSection of mine 80 by 200 feet\ncaved in.\nCage hung up on broken timber in\nNo. 2 shaft.\nKink found in rope in Queen shaft.\nCage and skip pulled through overwind.\nCage jammed on diamond-drill rod\nwhich fell down shaft.\nFailure to properly guard blast.\nOxygen cylinder on surface caught\nfire.\nCage fell in Queen shaft\u2014failure of\ninterlock while being repaired.\nTimber crib failed and sliding rock\ndamaged surface tramway.\nCable clamps pulled into sheave\nwheel.\nMill, warehouse, compressor-house,\nand repair-shop destroyed by fire.\nViolent braking engaged safety dogs,\nrope destroyed.\nBroken steel struck explosive in\nbootleg.\nMuck caved over draw point, partially burying two men.\nRun   of   wet   ore   in   underground\ncrushing chamber.\nGrand total, 34.\nA detailed description of each occurrence follows.\nOn January 20th, 1956, in a slusher drift of the H.B. mine a bulldoze charge fired\nin the throat of a draw hole detonated a small explosive storage 50 feet away. Apparently the storage was detonated by the impact of a rock which ricocheted from the\nblast area. 180 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nOn January 30th, 1956, the warning light indicating to the hoistman that the\nspill doors at the 1900 level pocket in the Crown shaft at the Bralorne mine were\nclosed failed. The cage-skip combination was lowered on to the doors, and between\n80 and 100 feet of hoisting rope coiled on top of the cage. The uncoiling of the\nrope was done under competent supervision, and no damage to the rope or the cage-\nskip combination resulted.\nOn February 8th, 1956, the rope in the sinking compartment of the Queen shaft\nat the Bralorne mine was damaged by a blast. Three wires were severed and others\nwere nicked. The damage occurred during blasting operations at the 2900 level station. The bucket had not been raised above the level, nor was the protective bulkhead\nstrong enough to withstand the blast.\nOn February 17th, 1956, the shaft of the head sheave in the East compartment of\nthe No. 3 shaft at the Pioneer mine failed. The head sheave was a 73-inch bicycle-\ntype sheave mounted on roller bearings. The shaft was made of heat-treated chrome\nsteel with a minimum yield point of 90,000 pounds per square inch. The sheave had\nbeen in use about seven and one-half years and had hoisted 288,461 tons of muck.\nThe cause of the failure was attributed to the poor design of the shaft and to corrosion. The defective design, which was due to the fact that there was no fillet between\nthe large section comprising the hub of the sheave and the smaller sections for the\nbearings, was corrected in the new shaft.\nOn February 26th, 1956, fire of unknown origin destroyed a small lunchroom at\nthe portal of the No. 5 conveyor adit at Canadian Exploration Limited, Salmo. The\nbuilding was heated by an oil stove. It was the regulation distance from the portal,\nand no other damage was done.\nOn February 29th, 1956, the hoistman, lowering a crew in the south compartment\nof the Crown shaft at the Bralorne mine, for some unknown reason suddenly stopped\nthe hoist. The sudden stop caused the cage to bounce and the slack rope allowed the\nsafety dogs to engage the guides. The hoistman, in trying to lower the cage again,\ncoiled about 60 feet of rope on top of it before he realized what was wrong. He then\nlifted the cage and lowered it to the 2500 level. Upon examination the rope was\nfound to be kinked at one point. The hoistman had had only three weeks on his own\nprior to the accident.\nOn March 2nd, 1956, the skip in the No. 2 compartment of the Queen shaft at\nthe Bralorne mine was dropped out of control on to a bulkhead below the 31 level\npocket. At the time of the accident the No. 1 compartment was used for sinking, and the\nNo. 2 used to hoist men and materials and was equipped with a skip. Muck was also\nhandled in the No. 2 compartment and, when this was done, the loaded sinking bucket in\nthe No. 1 compartment was used as a counterweight. The hoist had 36- by 24-inch\ndrums and was equipped with mechanical hand-operated brakes and clutches of the axial-\nplate type. It also had track-limit switches, man-safety switches, and an overspeed-limit\nswitch linked to the hoist shaft. Investigation revealed that the No. 2 compartment\nclutch had slipped on previous occasions, due in part to oil and grease getting on the\nclutch plates and in part to overloading the hoist. On this occasion the hoistman failed\nto apply the hand-brake in time to prevent the skip from striking the bulkhead, although\nits speed must have been somewhat retarded. The hoist had been serviced earlier in the\nday and the clutch was found to be operating satisfactorily. This hoist has been replaced\nby a larger one with interlocking gravity air engine-operated post brakes, internal expanding jaw-type clutches, and a dynamic braking system.\nOn March 7th, 1956, the rope came off a flat-lying sheave wheel on the surface\nincline to the No. 5 conveyor adit at Canadian Exploration Limited, Salmo. This was\ndue to ice building up in the groove. Men were being hoisted at the time. The rope\nwas damaged for some 200 feet and had to be discarded. A shed has been built over the\nsheave-wheel. INSPECTION OF MINES 181\nOn March 27th, 1956, a fire broke out in the power-house at the Argonaut mine and\nthe building and contents were completely destroyed. The plant was running with an\noperator on duty, but the fire-extinguishing chemical apparatus available failed to control\nit. A bulk gasoline storage tank containing about 750 gallons was located on the hillside\njust above the power-house. Apparently a gasoline line was allowing gas to seep into the\nbuilding. The gas was ignited by sparking in the generators. The heat of the fire melted\ndiesel-fuel lines, and this fuel was added to the fire.\nOn April 4th, 1956, 815 feet of 3-conductor armoured 5-kilovolt cable was dropped\ndown the Crown shaft at the Bralorne mine. The cable was to be installed in the shaft\nbetween the 2000 and 2500 levels. One end was fastened to the skip by clamps, and\nthe cable was to be pulled up the shaft until it had all been removed from the reel,\nand then lowered down the manway compartment. The cable slipped from the clamps\nafter it had been pulled some distance up the shaft. The weight of the free end unwound\nsome cable from the reel before it was pulled against the shaft timbers. The bottom\nhalf of the cable was damaged, but no damage was done to the shaft. The failure was\nattributed to the stretching of the neoprene jacket after the clamps had been tightened.\nOn April 12th, 1956, workmen were being transported in a train along the 1900\nlevel of the Reeves MacDonald mine. The pin connecting the draw-bar of the first car\nto the locomotive dropped out, allowing the draw-bar to drop between the rails. The\nsudden stop caused the cars to \" jack-knife.\"   An improper draw-bar pin had been used.\nOn April 13th, 1956, fire broke out in a large two-story building which housed the\noffice, warehouse, dry, repair-shop, and core-shed at the Blue Grouse mine. The building\nwas heated by a barrel-type wood stove set on a concrete slab. Fire-fighting equipment\nconsisted of two 2-inch hoses and chemical extinguishers. The building and contents were\ncompletely destroyed, but the near-by compressor-house and portal shed were unharmed.\nOn April 15th, 1956, the cage in the west compartment of No. 1 shaft in the Britannia mine was lowered on to a temporary safety bulkhead near the 2,000-foot level. Slack\ncable was let out and a kink developed in the rope. The bulkhead was used to work on\nthe deck on top of the east compartment cage. The cages operate in balance. At the\nend of the shift the crew signalled the hoistman to raise the east cage to the 1050 level,\nwithout removing the bulkhead, thereby causing the west cage to drop on to it. No one\nwas injured.\nOn April 22nd, 1956, the hoistman at the Empire shaft in the Bralorne mine applied\nthe brakes too quickly, causing the safety dogs of the cage-skip combination to engage\nthe guides in the north compartment. He did not immediately realize what had happened\nand let out an additional 20 feet of rope before stopping the hoist. He then rewound the\nslack rope and so caused a kink to form in the rope.\nOn May 9th fire of unknown origin completely destroyed the compressor building\nand contents at the No. 10 portal of the Spider mine. No one was on the site and no one\nobserved the fire.   The portal sets were damaged slightly.\nOn May 9th, 1956, the bail of the No. 2 skip in the shaft at the Silver Giant mine\nbroke while muck was being hoisted. An examination revealed a flaw in the channel\niron 4 inches below the point where the safety-dog mechanism was bolted to it. Minor\ndamage was done to the shaft timbers.\nOn May 30th, 1956, two miners were drilling a crosscut round with jack-leg\nmachines at the Britannia mine. Several holes appeared to be drilled by deepening bootlegs from the previous round. One such hole contained explosives which were detonated\nduring drilling. Both men were slightly injured. Their blasting certificates were suspended for six months.\nOn June 15th, 1956, an electrician received electrical burns in the 2850 crushing-\nchamber at the Sullivan mine. A relay, connected across the load side of a magnetic\ncontactor controlling a 150-horsepower 550-volt motor, was presumed to have an inter- 182 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nmittent open circuit. To test the operation of the relay, the electrician attempted to\nconnect a pair of jumpers from the relay terminals to the supply side of a 100-ampere\nmain switch. The relay was still connected to the 150-horsepower motor, which was not\nrunning. The motor, through the jumpers and relay leads, drew its starting current of\nseveral hundred amperes, producing an arc at the 100-ampere switch where the electrician\nwas attempting to make the connection.\nOn June 20th, 1956, at about 8.10 a.m. a fire was discovered in the engine-room at\nthe Highland-Bell mill. The fire was caused by a break in the fuel-line leading to an oil\nfurnace used as a pre-heater to raise the temperature of water used in the flotation circuits.\nThe diesel engine in the power-house was not operating at the time. Due to prompt\naction, damage was confined to the wall of the mill and to the electrical control panel.\nDuring the week-end of July 1st, 1956, at the fireclay mine of the Clayburn Company\nLimited, near Abbotsford, a section of the mine about 80 by 200 feet caved in. The\nmine is worked by room and pillar. The rooms and haulageways are 14 feet wide and\nup to 18 feet high. Pillars are approximately 50 feet square. Timbering in the haulage-\nways is done with regular drift sets, and in the rooms with roof bolting. Prior to the\ncave-in the ground was known to be working and water was seeping in through cracks in\nthe roof. The fact that the pillars in the caved area were considerably smaller than those\nin the rest of the mine was responsible for the caving.\nOn July 12th, 1956, at the beginning of the day shift at the Pioneer mine, the No. 2\nshaft hoistman reported that he thought the west compartment cage was hung up. Upon\ninvestigation the cage was found supported on a broken post which was lying across a\ndivider and wall plate a few sets below the 2300 level. The safety dogs had engaged and\nthere was 40 feet of slack rope. The rope was kinked. The previous hoistman reported\nthat, prior to going off shift, he had lowered the west side cage to bring the hoist in\nbalance, which is normal shaft practice. The cage could have settled on the post at this\ntime without the hoistman being aware of it. The shaft timber was closely checked and\nwas repaired where necessary.   The timber was installed in 1935.\nOn August 19th, 1956, a kink was found about 245 feet above the skip in the rope\nin the north compartment of the Queen shaft at the Bralorne mine during a routine inspection. The kinked portion was cut off before either men or materials were handled. No\nreason could be found for the kink having formed.\nOn October 3rd, 1956, the cage-skip combination in the west compartment of the\nNo. 2 shaft at the Pioneer mine was pulled through the overwind limit above the 900\nlevel internal dump, resulting in extensive damage to the skip and three sets of timber.\nThe 900 level dump is conventional except that it can be swung out of the compartment\nwhen required. It was protected by an overwind limit which was automatically put in\noperation when the dump was swung into the shaft. The Lilly control was not set to\nretard the hoist when the skip was close to the dump, but a bell in the hoistroom warned\nthe hoistman of the skip's approach. The investigation revealed the overwind limit had\nto be manually set each time the dump was swung into the shaft; the warning bell in the\nhoistroom did not ring loud enough to be always heard by the hoistman, and the hoistman did not always check the safety devices before using the dump. To prevent a\nrepetition of this accident, the dump is now provided with a retardation limit and two\noverwind limits.   The warning bell was adjusted to ring louder.\nOn October 9th, 1956, the cage in the H.B. mine shaft became jammed. A short\ndiamond-drill rod was found between the cage and the guide. This rod must have fallen\ndown the shaft some time previously. Special instructions were issued by the management\nto prevent a recurrence.\nOn October 22nd, 1956, a miner on the 2200 level of the Reeves MacDonald mine\nentered a blast area which had not been properly guarded. The miners responsible had\ntheir blasting certificates suspended for six months by the Inspector, as well as being laid\noff for one week by their employer. INSPECTION OF MINES 183\nOn October 22nd, 1956, a fire started at an acetylene cylinder on the 3170 track\nnear the car-repair shop at the Copper Mountain mine. The operator had brought a full\nbottle of acetylene from the surface skip and had hooked up his hoses and regulator. He\nthen walked about 20 feet to an old mine car which was to be scrapped, lit his torch, and\nwas about to start burning when he heard a roar behind him. Turning around he found\nthe acetylene cylinder on fire. The fire was quickly put out by a carbon dioxide extinguisher. The fusible plug had blown out of the cylinder and the regulator and hose\nwere badly damaged. The operator was experienced and claimed all equipment appeared\nto be in good order when he started working.\nOn October 30th, 1956, in the Queen shaft at the Bralorne mine the hoist drum\nserving the No. 2 compartment became disengaged from both clutch and brake. The\nNo. 2 compartment skip dropped to a point just above the 3300 level before being brought\nto rest by the safety dogs and the 3300 bulkhead. The rope continued to unwind from\nthe drum and had started to rewind when it was sheared by the sharp edge of the drum\nwhere it was connected to it. The entire length dropped on top of the cage. The accident\nhappened while adjustments were being made to the brake, and the hoistman noticed that\nthe teeth of the jaw clutch were not fully engaged. He released the clutch to set it properly\njust as the mechanic removed the locking pin in the brake engine, thereby releasing the\nbrake. Neither clutch nor brake could be re-engaged. Damage was confined to the\nlower pair of guide rollers, the safety catch, one kink in the rope, and the 3300 level\nbulkhead.\nOn November 12th, 1956, a timber crib holding waste rock at the Yreka mine failed,\ncausing a rockslide. The slide missed all the portals, but crossed the slack-line aerial\ntramway and did considerable damage to it.   No one was injured.\nOn November 17th, 1956, the muck skip in the Premier Border shaft was hoisted\nso high that the cable clips entered the sheave-wheel. Three guides, one footwall divider,\nand some hanging rods were broken. No damage was done to the rope, skip, or sheave.\nPrevious to the incident the hoistman was hoisting from No. 7 level halfway down the\nshaft with the skip and cage in balance. He received a signal from the cage-tender to go\nto the No. 8 or bottom level and neglected to adjust the skip before lowering the cage.\nThe overwind did not cut off the power and later was found to have an electrical fault.\nNew limit switches had been on order for some time.\nOn November 20th, 1956, the Silbak Premier mill, warehouse, compressor-house,\nand repair-shops were completely destroyed by fire. The fire was caused by the failure\nof a pressurized fuel-hose supplying fuel-oil to a pre-heating torch, which was being used\nto pre-heat the mandrel and shaft of the gyratory crusher preparatory to zincing them\ntogether. The fuel-oil, under 90 pounds pressure, spread rapidly and was ignited by the\nheat. The fire caught the bottom of a covered incline skipway and ran with the updraught\nto the top of the skipway and ignited the surface buildings around No. 4 level portal. An\nalarm was sounded and all fire-fighting equipment brought into action. Fire-doors in\nthe mine were closed and all men underground were immediately withdrawn via No. 6\nlevel portal. About ten minutes after fire-fighting was commenced the main water-line\nbroke and pressure was greatly reduced. However, the fire was prevented from spreading\nto the office and bunk-house. Total damage was estimated by the company to be\n$750,000.\nOn November 23rd, 1956, an overspeed test was run on the hoist in the Aurum\nmine. During the test, due to the violent application of the brakes, the safety dogs in the\nNo. 2 compartment engaged the guides. Not suspecting this, the hoistman unwound rope\nfrom the corresponding drum when he started the hoist in balance. He continued to let\nout rope until informed by telephone that the rope was coming out into a shaft station,\nwhereupon he rewound the rope again. In doing so the rope became looped around the\nupper framework of the skip and, when pulled taut, damaged the rope considerably. 184\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nOn December 5th, 1956, a miner on the 2200 level of the Reeves MacDonald mine\nwas injured by flying rock as a result of a blast which occurred when the drill steel of\nhis air-leg machine broke and the broken shank struck concealed explosive left in the\nburned cut of the previous round. The face had been thoroughly washed down, but a\nsmall amount of explosive must have remained in the \" frozen \" cut.\nOn December 9th, 1956, the mine geologist and a visitor were crossing the 34a\nstope in the Mineral King mine. As they were passing over No. 4 draw-point, a run of\nmuck in the raise caused the muck to subside over the draw-point. Both men were\ndrawn in and partially buried, but were extricated with very minor injuries.\nOn December 18th, 1956, a run of wet ore took place in the coarse-ore chute in the\nunderground crushing chamber at the Canadian Exploration Limited operations near\nSalmo. The steel operating platform collapsed, but the two workmen in attendance were\nable to retreat to a place of safety.\nPROSECUTIONS\nThere were no prosecutions in metalliferous mines and quarries in 1956.\nSeveral violations of the provisions of the \" Metalliferous Mines Regulation Act \" in\nregard to the use of explosives and blasting procedure resulted in the offenders having\ntheir blasting certificates suspended for various periods, according to the type of offence.\nEXPLOSIVES USED IN MINES\nThe table below shows the quantities of explosives and blasting accessories used in\nmetal mines and quarries in British Columbia in 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, and 1956:\u2014\n1952 Total\n1953 Total\n1954 Total\n1955 Total\n1956 Total\n1956\nMines       Quarries\nHigh explosives (lb.)_\nBlasting-capS-\nElectric blasting-caps  \t\nDelay   electric   blasting-caps    (short\nperiod)\nDelay electric blasting-caps (sure-fire\ndelays ) \u201e_ \t\nPrimacord (ft.)~\nB-line detonating fuse (ft.)_\nSafety fuse (ft.)\t\nIgnitercord (ft.)_\nIgnitercord connectors..\n9,935,946\n3,159,900\n166,740\n250,649\n205,140\n522,000\n22,754,200\n146,600\n114,100\n9,237,700\n1,890,000\n141,000\n182,771\n138,055\n647,000\n17,679,000\n142,000\n114,000\nI\n7,652,574\n1,815,250\n232,270\n191,513\n70,300\n824,000\n13,429,800\n206,180\n160,501\n8,420,791\n1,982,900\n151,685\n283,000\n144,875\n399,000\n17,744,900\n418,800\n371,000\n8,560,000\n2,184,000\n52,000\n205,000\n263,000\n226,000\n2,436,000\n17,218,000\n498,000\n563,000\n8,117,000\n2,069,000\n42,000\n190,000\n263,000\n166,000\n1,715,000\n16,601,000\n498,000\n563,000\n443,000\n115,000\n10,000\n15,000\n60,000\n721,000\n617,000\nUNDERGROUND DIESEL EQUIPMENT\nThere was no significant change in underground diesel equipment in 1956.\nThe ventilation requirements and procedure for sampling and analysing exhaust\ngases and mine air have resulted in satisfactory working conditions being maintained\nwhere this equipment is used.\nAIR-SAMPLING\nThe use of modern portable equipment for the analysis of mine air and diesel\nexhaust gases has practically eliminated the necessity for sampling by vacuum bottles\nand analysis by laboratory methods in metalliferous mines. However, in order to check\nspecial conditions, a few samples were taken by vacuum bottles and analysed in company\nlaboratories. INSPECTION OF MINES 185\nDUST CONTROL AND VENTILATION\nProblems in dust control and ventilation have continued to receive the attention of\nmine operators and Government departments.\nDust counts and ventilation surveys were made by the staff of the Chief Inspector,\nSilicosis Branch of the Workmen's Compensation Board, and the results of these surveys\nmade available to the Inspectors of Mines.\nThe results of this work for 1956 have been summarized by the Chief Inspector of\nthe Silicosis Branch. Because of the importance of the work, most of this summary is\ngiven here, in order to make it readily available to those in the industry interested in dust\ncontrol, and also those who may be exposed to silica dust.\n\" Summary of Dust Conditions at British Columbia Metalliferous\nMines during the Year 1956\n\"During the year 1956, seventy-nine ventilation and dust control inspections were\nmade at the metalliferous mines in British Columbia. These were made in the underground workings, crushing plants, assay grinding rooms, and open pits at fifty-one properties, twenty-eight of which were inspected twice. One inspection was made in each of\nthree plants that quarry and crush rock. Two inspections were made at one asbestos\nmine, the mill being inspected twice and the mine once, as no mining operations were\nbeing performed when the survey was made in March. These inspections were made to\ndetermine the dust concentrations at the various operations where there was exposure\nto dust, the general underground ventilation, the condition of exhaust systems, and other\nmeasures adopted for the prevention and elimination of dust. Recommendations and\ninstructions were given for preventive measures to be adopted, and for any installations\nconsidered necessary to improve conditions found to be unsatisfactory. The rock dust\nconcentrations were obtained with the konimeter and the asbestos dust concentrations\nwith the midget impinger. The procedures followed are similar to those used with the\nkonimeter in Ontario and with the impinger at the asbestos mines in Quebec. The\naverages of the dust counts are obtained by adding all counts found in the operations\nunder that heading and dividing that sum by the number of samples taken.\n\" General\n\"When rock is mined, handled, or crushed, dust is produced. The hazard from\nbreathing this dust varies with the concentration and the silica content. A dust concentration of 300 particles per cc. of air is frequently referred to in our reports. It has been\nchosen as an objective to work towards. If the average of the dust counts at any one\noperation has been kept below this figure, there has been a definite effort made to observe\nthe known dust preventive and elimination measures. Some operations still produce\nhigher averages than 300 particles, such as stoper drilling operations, and no known\npractical method has yet been found that will lower the averages below this figure.\n\" The figure of 300 particles per cc. of air is not chosen as representing a condition\nthat would be considered safe in preventing silicosis. It is not known what figure could\nbe chosen as being a safe limit at the present time. It simply means that a great deal of\neffort and money have been spent on ventilation and dust preventive measures to obtain\nthis result.   It is a very great improvement over conditions in the past.\n\" It must be remembered that the averages given on the subsequent pages do not give\nan accurate representation of the conditions at each mine throughout the year. Various\nfactors change the conditions. In the mines where ventilation is by natural means, the\nvolume of air passing through the workings will vary with the seasons, also from day to\nnight and even reverse in direction when surface temperature changes are sufficient.\nThese changes in air volume and its direction of flow as well as changes in the amount J 86 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nand kind of work performed will cause variations in the dust concentrations. Surface\ncrushing plants and assay grinding rooms will show a decided variation from several\ncauses. The wetness of the rock coming to the plant and the state of repair in which the\nexhaust system is kept are the most important factors. The carefulness of the operators\nin seeing that proper use and care of these exhaust systems is a third factor. Consequently\nthe averages represent the conditions at the time of survey only.\n\" However, the dust samples are taken with the purpose of obtaining, as accurately\nas possible, a picture of the conditions at the time the survey is made. At the larger mines\nthe survey covers a period of from two to four weeks and does give a fairly accurate\nrecord of the conditions existing. At the medium-sized mine a week or more is spent.\nOne day is the general time spent at the smallest operations, and the record is not representative of the conditions throughout the year. With all these variations, it is surprising\nto note that the averages in any one mine remain fairly constant from year to year.\n\" The greater number of dust samples are taken where the men are working and the\nremainder in atmospheres where the men spend a portion of their time. Occasionally,\nadditional samples are taken to obtain further information. These may be to show the\ndifference in dust production of two or more types of drilling-machines, to show that dust\nis escaping from exhaust systems, or to show that some abnormal condition exists.\n\" Dust Concentrations\n\"A short summary of the conditions found during the year is given below and\ncompared with the results obtained during recent past years.\n\" 1. Stoper Drilling Operations.\u2014Stoper drilling operations produced the most consistently higher dust concentrations during the time the men were working. The modern-\ntype drills, both stoper and leyner, have automatic throttles which turn on the water-\nsupply with the air, larger water-tubes which supply more water to the drill, and closer\n. tolerances on the water-tubes which prevent the leakage of air down the drill steel. These\nfeatures have been instrumental in lowering the amount of dust dispersed into the atmosphere from that dispersed by the older-type drills. The counts at these locations used\nto be 2,000 or more particles per cc of air, but now a considerable number of mines\nobtain an average of less than 1,000 particles per cc of air. The percentage of surveys\nwhere the averages were 1,000 or less particles during the past seven years are given here\nfor the purpose of comparison.\nPercentage of Percentage of\nSurveys Giving Surveys Giving\nLess than 1,000 Less than 1,000\nYear                                        P.P.C.C.ofAir Year                                        P.P.C.C.ofAir\n1950  59% 1954  36%\n1951  43% 1955  40%\n1952  62% 1956  70%\n1953  50%\n\" 2. Leyner, Jackleg, and Plugger Drilling Operations.\u2014These operations produce\nthe next higher dust concentrations when the men are working underground and used to\nproduce slightly less than 2,000 particles per cc of air. At the present time, most of the\nmines produce less than 1,000 particles per cc The percentage of surveys where the\naverages were 500 or less particles during the past seven years are given here for the\npurpose of comparison.\nYear\n1950\t\n1951\nPercentage of\nSurveys Giving\nLess than 500\nP.P.C.C.ofAir\n56%\n__ 54%\n  61%\nYear\n1954__\n1955\t\nPercentage of\nSurveys Giving\nLess than 500\nP.P.C.C.ofAir\n    49%\n    60%\n1952            \t\n1956\t\n  55%\n1953\t\n  45%\n. INSPECTION OF MINES\n187\n2000\n<    1500\nu.\no\n6\no\nQ_\nUl\no.\n1000\nU\nr-\no_\n<\nCL\nU-\nO\nCC\nUJ\nCD\n_\u00bb\n__>\nZ\n500\n300\n1   I   I   I\nLEGEND\n     STOPER   DRILLING\n     LEYNER   DRILLING\n     ALL  OTHERS   UNDERGROUND\n      CRUSHING  PLANTS\nASSAY  GRINDING  ROOMS\nJ_L\nI   I   I\nTT\nTT\n1937      40\n45 50\nYEAR\n1955\nFigure 16. Average dust counts obtained each year since 1937.\n\"3. All Other Underground Locations.\u2014The averages given under this heading\nare of all the dust counts obtained underground except at drilling operations. They\nrepresent the average dust concentration that the greater number of men are subjected\nto and are taken at the operations of mucking, hoisting, tramming, timbering, nipping,\ndrawing ore from chutes, scraping, slushing, bulldozing, etc., and in drifts, crosscuts,\nand stopes where the men spend a portion of their time. The greater majority of the\nseventy-five surveys made during the year gave averages of less than 300 particles per\ncc of air. It is interesting to note how fairly constant this average has remained during\nthe past seven years.   These percentages are given below for each of the years. 188 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nPercentage of Percentage of\nSurveys Giving Surveys Giving\nLess than 300 Less than 300\nYear                                        P.P.C.C.ofAir Year                                        P.P.C.C.ofAir\n1950  82% 1954  76%\n1951  78% 1955  77%\n1952  81 % 1956  81 %\n1953  83 %\n\" 4. Crushing Plants.\u2014Forty-eight surveys were made in crushing plants during the\nyear. There was a larger percentage of surveys where averages of less than 300 particles\nwere obtained than for several years past. These percentages for the past seven years are\ngiven here for the purpose of comparison.\nPercentage of Percentage of\nSurveys Giving Surveys Giving\nLess than 300 Less than 300\nYear                                        P.P.C.C.ofAir Year                                        P.P.C.C.ofAir\n1950  46% 1954  54%\n1951  52% 1955  64%\n1952  27% 1956  67%\n1953  53 %\n\" 5. Assay Grinding Rooms.\u2014Exhaust systems are necessary in assay grinding\nrooms to keep the dust concentrations at a low figure. The rock that is handled is in\na dry condition and dust is very easily dispersed into the room atmosphere. Thirty-one\nsurveys of such rooms were made during the year and 71 per cent of them gave an\naverage dust concentration of less than 300 particles per cc of air. The percentages for\nthe past seven years are given below for the purpose of comparison.\nPercentage of Percentage of\nSurveys Giving Surveys Giving\nLess than 300 Less than 300\nYear                                        P.P.C.C.ofAir Year                                        P.P.C.C.ofAir\n1950  54% 1954  61%\n1951  63% 1955  82%\n1952  53% 1956  71%\n1953  61 %\n\" Certificates of Fitness\n\"Under the silicosis provisions of the Act, workmen in certain categories of work\nrequire an annual medical examination. The certificates of fitness issued to the workmen\nare to be kept at the office of the employer. In 1954 we were given the responsibility of\nchecking these certificates against the list of workmen at each property to determine if\nthis provision of the Act was being observed. The work was started late in 1954 and has\ncontinued since then. On account of the late start in 1954, the number of certificates\nchecked during that year was small. Below is given a summary of the number of workmen who required medical examinations and the percentage of these men for whom the\nemployers held the required certificates of fitness.\nNumber of Men Percentage of\nWho Required Certificates Held\nYear Certificates by Employers\n1954  1757      85.6%\n1955  5617      88.3%\n1956  6453      95.8 %\n\" Summary\n\" 1. Seventy-nine inspections were made at metalliferous mines during 1956. Fifty-\none mining operations were inspected and twenty-eight of these were inspected the\nsecond time. INSPECTION OF MINES 189\n\" 2. It is not known what concentration of silica dust is considered safe to breathe\nwithout producing silicosis as several other factors besides the dust concentration must\nbe taken into consideration. The main object of this inspection work is to lower the\namount of dust breathed by the workmen as much as possible. The figure of 300 particles\nper cc. of air has been chosen as an objective to work towards. When this figure is\nattained, it indicates a very great improvement over conditions existing several years ago.\n\"3. Blasting operations produce a large amount of dust, but the workmen are\ngenerally not subjected to this dust or subjected to it for short periods of time only.\nMost of the blasting operations can be done at the end of the shifts and allow sufficient\ntime for ventilation to remove the dust from the workings before the following shift goes\nto work. Some blasting operations, such as in chutes, may be considered necessary so\nthat the production of ore is not interfered with, but this should be reduced to the very\nminimum.\n\"4. Stoper drilling operations consistently produce the highest concentrations of\ndust during the time the men are working. The counts used to be 2,000 or more particles\nper cc. of air. Seventy per cent of the surveys made this year gave averages of less than\n1,000 particles.\n\"5. At leyner, jackleg, and plugger drilling operations the dust concentrations are\nnot as high as at stoper drilling operations. Eighty-six per cent of the surveys gave\naverages of less than 1,000 particles per cc of air. Since most of the surveys gave less\nthan 1,000 particles, it is probably better to adopt the figure of 500 particles for the\npurpose of comparison. Fifty-five per cent of the surveys gave averages of less than\n500 particles per cc of air.\n\" 6. The averages for 'All Other Underground Locations ' are very satisfactory.\nEighty-one per cent of the surveys made during the year gave averages of less than 300\nparticles per cc. of air. The percentages for the past seven years have remained fairly\nconstant, varying between 76 and 83 per cent. This condition is particularly satisfactory\nwhen considering the fact that the great majority of the men work in this lower dust\nconcentration.\n\"7. In 1952 the dust concentrations in some of the crushing plants were not satisfactory. During 1953 and subsequent years, a special effort was made to get these back\nin line and satisfactory results have been obtained. Sixty-seven per cent of the surveys\nmade in 1956 gave averages of less than 300 particles per cc of air.\n\" 8. Seventy-one per cent of the surveys made in assay grinding rooms gave averages\nof less than 300 particles per cc. of air. This is very satisfactory, as it is the second\nhighest percentage that has been obtained during the past seven years.\n\" 9. The main measures for dust prevention and elimination are receiving good\nattention at the mine. The more important of these are good ventilation, thorough\nwetting of the rock before it is handled in any manner, not subjecting the workmen to\ndust and fumes from blasting operations, using good exhaust systems in crushing plants\nand in assay grinding rooms, etc. Full application of all these measures at all times has\nnot been obtained in all instances, but the results obtained have been quite satisfactory.\n\" 10. The percentage of certificates of fitness held by the employers for their\nworkmen who require a medical examination has steadily increased during the past three\nyears. In 1956, certificates for 95.8 per cent of the workmen who require same were\nheld by the employers. This is a satisfactory performance as there are numerous\ndifficulties to be overcome. One mine was penalized for failure to comply with the\nrequirements.\n\"11. Aluminium-powder prophylaxis treatments for the prevention of silicosis were\ngiven at eight mines during the year. No aluminium-therapy treatments were given at\nthe Rehabilitation Clinic of the Workmen's Compensation Board in Vancouver to men\nwho have silicosis. 190 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\n\" 12. Figure 16 is a graph showing the median of all the averages obtained each year\nsince 1937.\"\nMINE-RESCUE, SAFETY, AND FIRST AID\nDuring 1956 the mine-rescue stations at Cumberland, Princeton, and Fernie were\nfully maintained with modern equipment, and an instructor, qualified in mine-rescue\nand first aid, was on duty at each station. Each station is equipped with several sets of\nMcCaa 2-hour self-contained oxygen breathing apparatus, at least one set of Chemox\n1-hour self-contained breathing apparatus, all-service gas masks, self-rescuers, methane\nand carbon monoxide detectors of the latest type, one or more H.H. inhalators, and a\ncomplete supply of first-aid equipment. Supplies and facilities for charging and servicing\nall this equipment are maintained.\nTraining in the use of mine-rescue equipment is given at all stations to all who apply\nfor it, and fully trained mine-rescue teams are given regular monthly practice-training as\na unit, not only to keep them familiar with the use of the machines, but to teach them the\nvalue of teamwork in mine-rescue operations.\nThe mobile mine-rescue unit stationed at Nelson in 1950 continued to be of great\nassistance in promoting and giving instruction in mine-rescue and first aid at mines\ntributary to that centre. It is proposed to put a similar unit in the Princeton area in 1957\nto serve the mines in central and southern British Columbia.\nClasses in first aid were held at the following mines and localities: Princeton, Copper\nMountain, Ainsworth, Riondel, Canadian Exploration mine, H.B. mine, Salmo, Giant\nMascot, Mineral King, Nelson, Balfour, Procter, and Fernie. At these localities a total\nof 363 seniors and eighty-five juniors took first-aid courses, and a number of candidates\nfor industrial certificates were given assistance.\nMine-:escue courses were given at Remac, Canadian Exploration, H.B. mine, Yale\nLead & Zinc, Giant Mascot mine, Riondel, Fernie, and Princeton.\nTwo emergency calls for mine-rescue equipment were handled by the Fernie station.\nOn February 16th, smoke and an odour were found issuing from the old working in No. 1\nEast mine, Elk River Colliery. Apparatus was immediately taken to the mine. After an\ninvestigation by the Inspector of Mines and the mine officials, it was decided to seal off\nthe area.   The last two stoppings had to be erected by men wearing McCaa apparatus.\nOn luly 20th a gob fire in \"A\" West, Michel Colliery, necessitated bringing apparatus\nto that mine. In this case, seals were put up without the use of mine-rescue apparatus,\nbut the apparatus was retained on the site until all work necessary to control the fire was\ncompleted.\nThe Princeton mine-rescue station was made available to the St. John Ambulance\nAssociation for lectures and instruction in first aid, and the Similkameen Branch of the\nCanadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy made use of the lecture-room for meetings\nheld throughout the year. The building was also used by the Motor-vehicle Branch for\nthe purpose of giving drivers' examinations.\nIn addition to the mine-rescue equipment maintained at the Government mine-\nrescue stations, there are several complete sets of McCaa and Chemox apparatus at the\nSullivan mine, a set of McCaa at Copper Mountain, and complete sets of Chemox at\nWells, the Bridge River camp, Britannia, Riondel, and the Canadian Exploration camp.\nMinor amoun.s of mine-rescue equipment are kept at Tulsequah, the Toric mine at Alice\nArm, the Giant Mascot mine at Spillimacheen, and the Yale Lead & Zinc mine at Ainsworth.   This equipment is periodically checked by one of the instructors.\nA certificate of competency in mine-rescue work is granted to each man who takes\nthe full train ng course and passes the examination set by the Department of Mines.\nDuring 1955, in addition to the regular teams in training, seventy-five men took the full\ncourse and were granted certificates as follows:\u2014 INSPECTION OF MINES\n191\nCertificate\nNo.\nName\nWhere\nTrained\nCertificate\nNo.\nName\nWhere\nTrained\n2858\nSpillimacheen.\nSpillimacheen.\nSpillimacheen.\nSpillimacheen.\nSpillimacheen.\nSpillimacheen.\nSpillimacheen.\nSpillimacheen.\nSpillimacheen.\nSpillimacheen.\nSpillimacheen.\nSpillimacheen.\nSpillimacheen.\nSpillimacheen.\nSpillimacheen.\nSpillimacheen.\nSpillimacheen.\nSpillimacheen.\nSpillimacheen.\nKimberley.\nKimberley.\nKimberley.\nKimberley.\nKimberley.\nKimberley.\nKimberley.\nKimberley.\nKimberley.\nKimberley.\nKimberley.\nKimberley.\nMichel.\nNatal.\nNatal.\nNatal.\nNatal.\nRiondel.\nRiondel.\n2896\n2897\n2898\n2899\n2900\n2901\n2902\n2903\n2904\n2905\n2906\n2907\n2908\n2909\n2910\n2911\n2912\n2913\n2914\n2915\n2916\n2917\n2918\n2919\n2920\n2921\n2922\n2923\n2924\n2925\n2926\n2927\n2928\n2929\n2930\n2931\n2932\n2933\nJohn Sigfrid Johnson\t\nEdward Willis Grove _\t\nBela M. Dudas\t\nArthur James Hill \t\nCharles Allen\n2859\n2860\n2861\nJulius L. Bodor \t\nThomas Henery Cross \t\nRiondel.\nRiondel.\n2862\n2863\nDonald Harold Fatum \t\nStanley T. Fish _\t\nWells.\n2864\nGeorge Heldt \t\nRobert Walton \t\nWells.\n2865\n2866\nGeorge Gordon Futcher\nWells.\nWells.\n2867\nWells.\n2868\nWells.\n2869\nAlbert Taillefer\nWells.\n2870\n2871\nGordon W. McCool\t\n2872\nJohn Hungle\t\nWillard Kreitz\n2873\nHoward Duncan Seymour\nDonald Stuart \t\nRobert James Willox\t\nWilliam Wymer\t\nVictor Albert Marunchuk\t\nWilliam Albert G. Yerbury...\nThomas Victor Mewson\t\nCharles Manfred Chappell\nJames Gold Paterson _\t\nGeorge Walter Steacy\t\nGeorge James Kalmakav\t\n2874\n2875\n2876\n2877\nWilliam John Melnechenko\nRobert E. Miller \t\nAlvin Harold Crittenden\nCopper Mountain.\nCopper Mountain.\nPioneer Mine.\n2878\n2879\n2880\nRonald Cracknell Muir\nPioneer Mine.\n2881\n2882\nWilliam John Sawchuk.\nPioneer Mine.\n2883\n2884\nPhilip Lawrence Graham....\nReid Woodrow Gardiner\t\nAlex Wlasiuk\t\nArthur Bennett\t\n2885\n2886\n2887\n2888\nJohn William Rogers\t\nDouglas Irving Morgan\t\nSpencer Morgan, Jr \t\nRoland Arthur Desharnais\nPhilias George Gauthier\t\nPeter Paul Wiatrowicz\t\nLouis Maida\t\nDaniel Howard McDonald \u2014\n2889\n2890\n2891\n2892\n2893\n2894\n2895\nEligio Deno Lozza \t\nRonald White\t\nMurray P. Brown \t\nKarl Heinke   \u201e\t\nAlex McCulloch\t\nCharles H. Scholz\t\nJohn E. White\t\nFernie.\nFernie.\nWells.\nWells.\nWells.\nWells.\nWells.\nThe Mine Safety Associations in the different centres of the Province, sponsored by\nthe Department of Mines and aided by company engineers and officials, safety supervisors,\nInspectors of Mines, and mine-rescue instructors, continued to promote mine-rescue,\nfirst aid, and safety education in their respective districts.\nFirst-aid and mine-rescue competitions were held at Princeton, Cumberland, Riondel, Chapman Camp, Wells, Britannia, and Bridge River. A Provincial mine-rescue\ncompetition, in which winning teams from all the centres competed, was held in Nelson.\nA special trophy for this Provincial competition was donated by the Department of Mines.\nThe problems for these competitions are set by the Department of Mines, and the judges\nare chosen from the staff of Inspectors and mine-rescue instructors.\nThe Similkameen Valley Mine Safety Association held its annual competition at\nPrinceton on June 2nd, 1956. Two teams from Copper Mountain and a visiting team\nfrom Tsable River took part in this competition. The Tsable River team, captained by\nWilliam High, took first place.\nThe Vancouver Island Mine Safety Association held its annual competition in\nCumberland on June 9th, 1956. Three teams competed\u2014two from Tsable River and\na visiting team from Copper Mountain. The winning team was from Copper Mountain\nand was captained by Luke Kirby.\nThe West Kootenay Mine Safety Association held its annual competition at the\nBluebell mine at Riondel. Five teams took part in this competition\u2014two from the\nBluebell mine, one from Canadian Exploration Ltd., one from the H.B. mine, and one\nfrom the Yale Lead & Zinc mine. The H.B. team, captained by Norman Anderson, took\nfirst place. 192 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956\nThe East Kootenay Mine Safety Association held its annual competition at Chapman\nCamp. Six teams took part in this competition\u2014two from Michel, two from Kimberley,\none from Coal Creek, and one from Fernie. First place was won by the Kimberley No. 1\nteam, captained by T. O. Bloomer.\nThe Central British Columbia Mine Safety Association held its annual competition\nat Wells on June 30th, 1956. Four teams took part in this competition. They represented Britannia, Bralorne, Cariboo Gold Quartz, and Pioneer mines. The Bralorne\nteam, captained by James Greer, took first place.\nArrangements were made to have a Provincial mine-rescue competition in which the\nwinning teams from the five local associations would have an opportunity to compete.\nThis competition was held at Lakeside Park in Nelson on September 8th, 1956. The\nfive winning teams competed and the event was won by the Kimberley team, captained\nby T. O. Bloomer.\nAt all meets, except the Provincial and the Central British Columbia meets, competitions were held in first aid as well as mine-rescue work. In all these competitions,\nevents were held for women and juniors. Representatives from other industries and\norganizations not necessarily directly connected with mining also participated.\nBRITISH COLUMBIA MINING ASSOCIATION SAFETY DIVISION\nIn 1955 the Mining Association of British Columbia set up a Safety Division with\nthe object of promoting and assisting in establishing and maintaining effective safety\nprogrammes at its member mines.\nThis work was carried on throughout 1956.\nSupervisor training courses were given, and visits made to member mines where\nmeetings were held with supervisors and reports made giving recommendations on\npractices and conditions found at these mines. Monthly accident statistics were compiled\nand issued to member mines.\nThe programme proposed for next year includes visits to the member mines, courses\non job instruction and safety training, the use of films as visual aids to safety, and the\ncirculation of current accident costs as supplied by the Workmen's Compensation Board.\nThe Safety Division reports that there was a decrease of 17 per cent in the frequency\nof all types of accidents for all member mines.\nJOHN T. RYAN TROPHY\nThe John T. Ryan Regional Safety Award for the metal mine with the lowest\naccident-frequency record for 1955 was won by the Copper Mountain mine of the\nGranby Consolidated Mining Smelting and Power Company Limited at Copper Mountain.\nIn winning this trophy, the Copper Mountain mine had the lowest accident frequency\never achieved by a Ryan Trophy winner in British Columbia. The award was presented\nto the officials and crew at the annual mine-rescue and first-aid competition of the Similkameen Valley Mine Safety Association, which was held in Princeton on June 2nd,\n1956.\nThe 1955 regional safety award for coal mines was won by the Tsable River mine\nof Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited, near Cumberland, and was presented to\nthe officials and crew at the annual first-aid and mine-rescue competition of the Vancouver Island Mine Safety Association held in Cumberland on June 9th, 1956.\nThe regional trophy for metal mines for 1956 was again won by the Copper Mountain mine. The Granby Company is to be congratulated on winning this award two\nyears in succession.\nThe regional trophy for coal mines for 1956 was again won by Canadian Collieries\n(Dunsmuir) Limited, the Tsable River mine, near Cumberland.    A good safety pro- INSPECTION OF MINES\n193\ngramme put on by the company two years ago is undoubtedly responsible for this fine\nshowing.\nWEST KOOTENAY MINE SAFETY ASSOCIATION TROPHY\nBecause the West Kootenay District contains many small mines not eligible for the\nJohn T. Ryan Safety Awards, and in order to encourage and promote safety in these\noperations, the West Kootenay Mine Safety Association in 1951 donated a safety trophy\nfor annual competition. In 1955 the area covered by this award was extended to take\nin all southern British Columbia, and further extended in 1956 to include the whole\nProvince.\nThe award is made to the mine having the lowest accident rate and working a total\nof from 2,500 to 3,000 shifts per year, one-third of these having been worked underground.   An accident is taken as one which involves more than four days' loss of time.\nIn 1956 the award was won by the Slocan Van Roi mine near Silverton, and was\npresented at a joint meeting of the West Kootenay Mine Safety Association and the\nNelson Branch of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy held in Nelson on\nFebruary 9th, 1957.  Coal\nBy Robert B. Bonar, Senior Inspector of Coal Mines\nCONTENTS\nProduction\u2014 page\nOutput and per Capita Production, 1956  196\nCollieries of Vancouver Island District  196\nCollieries of the Nicola-Princeton District  196\nCollieries of the Northern District  196\nCollieries of the East Kootenay District  197\nOutput and per Capita Production in Various Districts, 1956  197\nOutput per Man-shift, Underground Mines, 1946-56   197\nCollieries\u2014Production, 1956  198\nCollieries\u2014Men Employed, 1956   199\nCoal-preparation Plants   200\nCoke-making  200\nBriquetting  200\nLabour and Employment  200\nCompetition from Coal Produced Outside of British Columbia  200\nAccidents in and around Coal Mines   200\nExplosives   205\nMachine-mined Coal  206\nSafety Lamps  206\nElectricity.  206\nVentilation   206\nMethane Detection   207\nAir-sampling   207\nInspection Committees  207\nCoal Dust  207\nDiesel Locomotives  207\nMillisecond Delay Detonators  207\nDangerous Occurrences  208\nBumps and Outbursts   208\nProsecutions  208\nSupervision of Coal Mines  209\n\" Coal Sales Act \" (Registered Names of British Columbia Coals)  209\nBoard of Examiners for Coal-mine Officials\u2014\nFirst-, Second-, and Third-class Certificates and Mine Surveyors' Certificates  209\nExaminations for Certificates of Competency as Coal-miners  209\nNotes on Coal Mines\u2014\nVancouver Island Inspection District  211\nNanaimo  211\nNorth Wellington  212\nComox  213\nNicola-Princeton Inspection District  214\nPrinceton  214\nCoalmont  215\nMerritt  215\nEast Kootenay Inspection District  215\nNorthern Inspection District  224\nTelkwa  224\nPeace River.  225\n195 196\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nPRODUCTION\nThe output of the collieries is given in short tons. The gross output of the coal\nmines of the Province for the year 1956 was 1,589,398 tons, an increase of 105,332\ntons or 7.1 per cent over 1955. A total of 488,964 tons came from strip mines at Michel,\nTent Mountain (near Corbin), and Blakeburn.\nThe Vancouver Island District produced 200,347 tons, a decrease of 9,437 tons\nor 4.5 per cent from 1955.\nThe Northern District production was 13,195 tons, a decrease of 21,915 tons or\n62.4 per cent from 1955.\nThe Nicola-Princeton District production was 73,272 tons, a decrease of 1,462\ntons or 1.1 per cent from 1955.\nThe East Kootenay District production was 1,302,584 tons, an increase of 138,146\ntons or 11.9 per cent over 1955.\nOutput and per Capita Production, 1956\nColliery and Mine\nGross\nOutput\nMined\nduring\nYear\n(Tons)i\nDays\nWorked\nTotal\nNumber\nof Employees\nDaily\nOutput\nper Employee\n(Tons)\nYearly\nOutput\nper Employee\n(Tons)\nNumber\nof Employees\nUnderground\nDaily\nOutput\nper\nUnderground\nEmployee\n(Tons)\nYearly\nOutput\nper\nUnderground\nEmployee\n(Tons)\nTsable River Colliery\t\nChambers No. 5 mine\t\nLoudon No. 6 mine\t\nLewis mine (Timberlands)  \t\nCarruthers and Wakelam No. 3\t\nStronach No. 2 mine\t\nWellington Blue Flame (Timber-\nlands)   \t\nUndun mine\t\nBig Flame mine \u2014 \t\nTaylor-Burson mine (Blue Flame)\nColdwater Coal mine \t\nMullin's strip mine (Blakeburn)....\nBulkley Valley Collieries\t\nReschke mine... \t\nGething No. 3 mine \t\nElk River Colliery\t\nMichel Colliery (underground).....\nMichel Colliery (strip)\t\nColeman Collieries (strip)\t\n195,081\n1,562\n735\n897\n480\n617\n338\n547\n90\n3,078\n1,170\n69,024\n8,553\n3,105\n1,537\n299,182\n583,462\n305,490\n114,450\n230\n119\n156\n286\n198\n171\n81\n148\n80\n176\n258\n258\n150\n222\n180\n239\n248\n248\n230\n3.68\n848\n214\n3.96\n5\n2.63\n312\n4\n3.28\n3\n1.60\n245\n2\n2.35\n2\n1.57\n448\n2\n1.57\n2\n1.21\n240\n2\n1.21\n4\n0.80\n154\n3\n1.20\n1\n4.17\n338\n1\n4.17\n2\n1.85\n273\n2\n1.85\n2\n0.56\n45\n2\n0.56\n8\n2.18\n385\n7\n2.50\n4\n1.13\n.0 .\n3\n1.51\n12\n22.29\n5,752\n\t\n\t\n25\n2.28\n342\n20\n2.85\n10\n1.40\n310\n9\n1.55\n8\n1.06\n192\n7\n1.11\n300\n4.17\n997\n225\n5.56\n686\n3.43\n851\n464\n5.07\n44\n28.91\n6,943\n18\n\t\n6,353\n851\n390\n367\n448\n240\n206\n33.\n273\n45\n439\n390\n428\n345\n219\n1,329\n1,257\nCollieries of Vancouver Island District\nThe output of Vancouver Island collieries was 200,347 tons. Of this amount,\n28,838 tons or 14.3 per cent was rejected in preparation for market and 389 tons or 0.19\nper cent was used by the operating companies as fuel under boilers, etc. The total sales\namounted to 172,140 tons, and 1,020 tons was taken from stocks. Of the amount sold\nin competitive market, 171,751 tons was sold in Canada and 389 tons sold in the United\nStates.\nCollieries of the Nicola-Princeton District\nThe gross total of 73,272 tons produced in the collieries of the Nicola-Princeton\nDistrict was sold in Canada.\nCollieries of the Northern District\nThe gross total of 13,195 tons produced in the collieries of the Northern District was\nsold in Canada. COAL\nCollieries of the East Kootenay District\n197\nThe gross output of the collieries in the East Kootenay District was 1,302,584 tons.\nOf this amount, 142,169 tons or 10.9 per cent was rejected in preparation for market,\n19,518 tons or 1.5 per cent was used as fuel under company boilers, etc., and 248,595\ntons was used in making coke. Of the amount sold in competitive market, 793,601 tons\nwas sold in Canada and 96,499 tons was sold in the United States.\nOutput and per Capita Production in the Various Districts, 1956\nDistrict\nGross Output\nMined during\nYear (Tons)\nTotal Number\nof Employees\nat Producing\nCollieries\nYearly Output\nper Employee\n(Tons)\nNumber of\nMen Employed\nUnderground\nin Producing\nCollieries\nYearly Output\nper\nUnderground\nEmployee\n(Tons)\n200,347\n4,248\n13,195\n882,644\n251\n12\n43\n986\n798\n354\n306\n895\n232\n10\n37\n689\n864\n424\n356\n1,281\n1,110,434\n1,292\n860\n968\n1,147\nNote.\u2014The above table deals only with coal mined from underground operations.    Coal-stripping operations and\nthe men employed at strip mines are not included.\nOutput per Man-shift, Underground Mines, 1946-56\nYear\nMan-shifts1\nTonnage\nAverage per\nMan-shift\n(Tons)\n1946  \t\n596,631\n496,727\n434.074\n520,188\n460,159\n442,170\n383,422\n333,922\n280,353\n304,139\n307,821\n1,463,640\n1,485,476\n1,281,530\n1,589,131\n1,481,813\n1,434,974\n1,388,732\n1,171,932\n1,064,023\n1,157,813\n1,110,434\n2.45\n1947 -      \t\n2 99\n1948   -\t\n2 95\n1949  \t\n1950  ....     \u2014 ...\n3.05\n3.22\n1951 \t\n1952\t\n3.24\n3 62\n1953        \t\n3 51\n1954\t\n3.79\n1955\n3 86\n1956\n3.61\n1 Includes both surface and underground workers. 198\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\n03\nz\no\nH\nH\nB.\nO\nX\n_o\nH\nU\n2\nH\nQ\nZ\n<\ntn\nw\n5\n~\no\nU\n>*\n_q\nz\"\ng\nH\n2\n2\nH\nQ\nz\n<\nz\no\nu\nQ\no\np.\nPh\nVO\nm\n3\np\no\nCJ\nX\nCO\nH\n2\nP5\no\ntn\n2\n2\nw\n3\no\nU\nTotal\nCoal\nSold and\nUsed1\ntn cs\n\u201e ^D vo\n\u00a3<N>n\no r- ih\nr- oo -st\nr- oo\n>-< en\nso cn\n__r \u00a9\nm\noc\nS\no\no\ntn\nr-\nV)\noo\nc\ncn\no.\ncn\nc*-\nt-\nVO\no\ncn\nt-\nc*1\na*\nr-\nCO\ncn\nCJ\n00\n>n\n\u00a9\nts,\nt-\"\nW\nu\nrt\nCO\no\"rt\n\u25a0*r.ii-ir-Or-oor~o\nrt.t~-socnasooy\u2014m^tos\nH 2\no\nri\nr-\nr- r- r.\nq ^ o^\nnnoC\nVO\nC4\ntn\nm m r-\nin O cn\n*n \"-^Ti\nco\"n th*\no\\\ncn\n(N \u00a9 00\n^ M 12\nl> in l>\n>--. cn o\\\ncs m\nc\no\no\\\n00\no\nCO\n\"vt\nm\nt>\nV\u00a3>\noo\"\nON\neg\nC\no\nH\nas\n<y> oo\nC cn\nO\nH\nQC\nm\ncn so    !\n\u00abOs     j\noo t-^    1\nvo\nCO\nCO\noo\nVD\nOS\nOs\nas\ncn\no\n\u00a3_\u2022\nu\nincs<nr-\u00a9r--oor--o\no.oovomo\\oo^n\"ta\nntintN-oo'l'\u00abm\u00abn\nO  vo\"~\nH vo\nir,\nr- r- r.\nq im q\nVO\ncs\nm i^ r-\nm O m\noo cn \u00ab-<\nm\nC\\ Tt- oo\nin t- vo\noo m \u2014\noo* r-* r-\"\ncs 'Q\no\ncn\"\nC7v\nr-\no\\\nOO\nm\n\u00a9\nVO\nv~i\n00\ncs\nO\nSB\n^_ o\n_^ o    1\nIs I\ne-1\nO\n(-\u20221\nr4\no\n(S^\n(S\n\u00a9\n\u00a9_\ncn\nvo\n\u25a0st\nas\nis\n<\nW\nO\nH\nOs cn    !\ns\ncs\ncs\"\nO M So\n_n \"\u2022*\nH IN\n00\nas\n00\n\\\nOv cn    !\n'd- <n    :\n\u2022H Ov      i\ncs\no\ncn\"\nVO\nr-\nOv\n00\ncn\nvo\"\n\u2022a o m\no\u00ab\"_i\n_\/> \"^\ne Os\n8\".\nH \u00a32\no   :\nO     !\nOs     !\nO\n5\na\\\n\u2022st\n0\\\nr-\n\u25a0sf\n\u00a9\n\u00abn\noo\nm\"\n\u25a0OS'S\ncn\nC\no\nH\ni\n1\ni\n|\n1\n1\noo c\u2014\nwq\nin cn\nTies\nm\nOV\nm\nOO\ncs\nin\nOv\nco\"\n\u25a0st\nCS\nUsed\nunder\nCompanies'\nBoilers,\netc.\nON\ncn CO\nC en\nO\nH\n\\\n|\nj\na--\ncc\n\u00abn cn    !\nm vo\ncn \u00abh    i\ntJ-\" >n     (\ncc\noC\nB\na\\\nOs\nj\nfl>B\ncneSinr-\u00a9r^oot->o\n_ i1 io f. onoo h m t o\\\ng N\"! t~- w tt vom in\no vo t-T\nOv\nO\nr-\n00 O Tf\nt~- C- (N\nCO i-Tos\"\n\\o\nCS\nt-\nCS^\ncn\nir\ncn in r-\nin c__J m\nV.nin\noo\"cn r*\nOS\ntn\nTt cn 00\n*o \u00bbIO\n\u25a0o as as\ncs r-\nin\n\u00a9\"\nas\ncn\noo\nCS\ncs\noC\nCO\n00\ncn co\nC oo\n[___<\u00bb\ncc\nCO Cs CS\nHVOQ0\nr-^ rn eNm\no'tV\ncn as i-i\nvo\ncs\"\n\u00a9\n\u00a9^\n5a\ni-esmr-\u00a9r-oor--\u00a9\ncnoovocnOsoo'\u2014'en^o.\nCOtnr-ootvoeoin\nr-\nO\nri\ncoOxt\nr- r- <n\nO rH O^\nVO\nes\nr-\ncs\ncn *n tr~\n*n O cn\noo cn rH\nin\nen\nCS CS o\noo m w-i\nrH o\\^ Tf\noCoo \u25a0*\nCS CO !-\u25a0\n00\nm\n\u00a9\nm\n00\nas\nen\naC\nin\ncs\ncs_\na\\\n00\nG\n1\n.a ^\n11\ne   c\n\u00bb Q _\ni \u00b0>\nSi\n11\n0\ne\nZ\nE\nE\nI\nc\nI\nE\n\\c\nc\nE\n\u2022c\nI\nD\nT\nC\nc\na\nX\nE\n6\na,\nE_\n1\n4,\n>-\nc\nz\nE\nr\na\nB\na.\n=\na\nJ\nE\nc-\nc\n2\ni\n_\nI\nE\na\nX\nE\n1\n[i\na\n:\ns\nt\nc\n1\ni\nM\nE\n1\n\u00a7\ni\nl\na\nCD\nO\n\"C\ncn\n5\n\u2022a\nq\n\u2014\nW\n4>\n>\nO\nO\nc\n>\nrt\no\nH\n4m\nU    \/-\n.-     4)\nQ EI\ng   PC\nc   ^\n'= __\ni E\n*o   c\no   c\nz 1\n&\nk\nc\n>\n' a,\ni\nI\n'2\n|\na\nM\ns\no\n4)\n--\nB\na\n5\nE\nf\n1\np_\n1\n_.\nB\nd\no\nu\n.S\n'm\nOh\na\no\no\nz\n_^\"\no\nH\n4>.\nu\n*\u25a0\nn\nQ    ^\n(L\n\u00a3 T\n5  .i\nx p\n\"\u00a3   c\no  L,\nZ   >\n>\n>\na\n3\nc\n'_\n1\n1\n1\n1\nen\n1\n00\ns\n1\nO\nu\nQ\na\no\n5\no\nZ\n_-_T\nB\n0\nH\nt 1\nIs\ncj    rt\n*\u25a0   o >\n5 w a\n*-   rt c\nu\n.2*\nm\n\u25a0o\nc\nrt\na\n3\no\nH\nS3\n\u2022o B\n\u2014 V3\n. 3 ^\n>>.S\n- tn\n\u25a0- .2\np   0\nUu\n0\nu\ncn\ns\n>.\nrt\na\na\no\no\n09\nrt\nn\n\u00abr\n\"d\no\nH\n\u00b0 \u00a7\nVh\nPh\nih\nO\nO\nTJ\na\nrt\n0\n1\nd\n\u00ab 0\n<J   o\nU\nto  ?A\nrt   2\na< 3\n*J o\nSU\ncn 43\n11\nI-. \"\nu COAL\n199\nQ\nz\n<\nin\nW\n2\nH\n3\n\u25baj\no\nU\n>*\nx\nz\no\nH\nD\nS\n2\nH\nD\n\u00ab\nP\nO\n-J\nP.\nW\nz\nW\nto\nOV\nE-\no\nU\nW\no_\nH\n2\nm\na.\no\nCO\nW\n2\nw\nr.\n\u25baj\no\nO\n*\u00ab a.\noE\nHW\no\n\">\nr<-\ncs\nCS\n\"St-\nrH CS\n<N\nri\n00\n<t\nn\ncs\ncs\n\u00a9\n00\ncn\ncn\nVC\n00\nVO\nrt\n-sr\n00\n00\ns\nVC\nVO\nVC r. ^H      !      jr.      ;\nOV\nl-H   i-l   CS\ntt\nm   p\nV\u00a3\nm cs \u25a0st oo\nt- CS -*  rH\nCS\nOV\nen\n00\nOv\ncn\ncS\nrn\ncs\nt- cn    ;\no\n\u00a9 \u00a9 ires rH\nen\nin -st    :    :\ncs vo    :    i\ncs -st    ;\nOv\n00\ncc\nvo\nov\nO\n\u00ab\nh* | 1 1 i i i i i' i\n!N       1\ncs\ncs\n< I 1 1 i N ! 1 i\n-\n\u2014\n! CS      I      !\n|             |      |\n(S\ncs\nP II i 1 ! 1 M\nno\n\u25a0a1-1\na-a\n\u25a0OS\n2w\n. ^t     !     !     !     !     !            !     !\nHN   1   |   1   1   1       ||\nCS\nl\nO\no\no\nCS     i     !\ncs\n\u00a9 cn \u00a9 cs\nt- m i-H i-H\n^t\nCS\n00\n(S\n<1*   1   1   1   1   1   1   1   1\nvo\no\n^     I     i\n-H\nVO t \u00a9 CS\nCO t^ rH rH\nCS\ncn\nOv\n\u25a0st\n\u2022 oo    i    :    ;    i    :    i    :\n5\"   |   |   |  i   |   |   |\noo\n1     '\n^\n<st Os     !\ncn t\u2014    j\ncn\ncs\ncn\nH\n<D\nIh\n3\nO\nrt\ni-l\n. C.     !     !            ! rn     !     1     j\nH1\"     i     |            |            ||j\ncs\ncs\nCS CS CS\n\\0\ncn CO 00 rt\n\"st  CS  CS\ncn\n\u00a9\ncs\n00\ncs\n<             |      |      1      1             III\nO\n^t\nVD\n-\n-\nCS               I-\nrn\nCS VD OO Tj-\nCS \u00a9 CS\n\u00a9\nvc\n\"st\n_\u2022 \"J\t\nw\n-\nj  CS rH\nen\nl-H   CS        1        1\nCS CS      !\nen\na\n)-.\na\na!\nH   j\n-\nOv en cn\nin\noo as    1   i\nCS oo     j\nt>\ncs\ncn\n<   II 1 1 1 TN\n\u2014\ns\no\\ cn cn\n2\n00 Ov     !     i\nCS 00      |\nt>\ncs\ncn\nca\ni-.\nc\n.ONTt-fSrHfSC^rHCSC.\ncn\n<n cn    !\n00\noo cn cn\n\u25a0*\nrH cn      1      !\nCS cn     !     :\nrn CS      !      !\nK\n\u25a0< II 1 M II M\nm\n<n cn    :\n00\nco cn cn\n-sf\ni-H cn    !\ncs cn    !\ni-H cs    :\nm\nin\n.11\ncn 'C\n\"> \u00a9\nBU\nW rt\n^S---1  MM!\nCO\nr\nHrtfS\nrr\n\u25a0st cs     1\nI\nVC\n00 i-H VO cs\ncn oo\ncs\nm\nin\n<\"\"\"  M || 1 1\ncn\n! i-H CS\nj\ncn\nCS     ]     j\nCS\nt- \u00a9 vo cs\n\u00bb-H  -st\nvj.:-\nt-\ness i r r ii i\nm\n*-\"\n\"\nCS CS     J\n-sf\nCS Tf      |\nvo\ncs\n00\na\nI\n\u00ab. i.\n\u25a0s ^\ns i\n\"J    cn\n- \u00a7>\nsaj\nO   1   0\n\u00a3   S31\"\n\" 3.\n>\u25a0   o >\nog\n\u00a7__\nu\nn\n1\n>n\n0\nZ\na\nx.\nE\nCI\nX\n0\na\nc\ni\n\\c\nc\nZ\nB\nC\n\u2014\n-\nC\nM\n\u20225\nc\nCI\nE\n.s\nE\nc.\ni\nu\nCC\nc\nZ\n\u00a3\ncs\n,__\n\u00ab\ntl\np\ncs\ntr\nk-\na.\nX\n:\nt\ncs\n0\nI\nE\ncs\nc\nZ\nt\nB\nc\nc\n5\n1\ncn\n\u2022a\n\u25a1\n\u00ab\nU\n\u25a0O\n6\nH\nu\n1\nE\nu\n3\nP.   \u00ab\n2 E\nOO\n.S E\nii\n*._\n1\n1\n1\nn\nU\n'C\n:\/.\ns\n\u25a00\na\ncc\nIh\nu\n>\nO\nQ\n\u00a3\nrt\n>\n\u00ab\n0\nH\n4-\nV\n'C\n*\u25a0   \/\u2014\ns I\nu    5\n._    (E\na. s_\n\u25a0     aj\nflj    C\n\u00b0    E\nu   c\nZ     C\nt-\nB\nPC\nc\n>\nrt\n' a_\nc\n1\nG\nC\n0\ni.\na\n\u00ab\n3\n\u25a0c\nc\nc\ni-\n-\n_\n_-\nB\n1\nE\n.\u00a3\u2022\nI\n1\nu\n'C\ns\na\no\nU\n.5\n\u00a3\nh\no\no\nz\nc\nH\nu\nHI\no\na  |\nI   1\nZ  0\n>\n4\n>\n>\na,\n5\nPC\na\nc\nI\nV\nPi\na\nc\n1\nen\n1\nu\n0\ns\ns\n1)\n0\nZ\n_^*\n..:\n0\nH\n4a\nu\n1 1.\n>. \"\n_   o\na  U\n*.    ,\ng \u00ab\n__ p, >\ntn    1-\n\u00a3 w\nu\nsz\np\nc\n)-\nb\na\n\u2022s;\nc\n>\ni-\n.\"*\nc\n1\n\u00a3\ni\n1\n%\nt\n> r*\nu\ni\nc\nc\nz\nt\n'C\n' CA\nS3\n0\nu\ns\na\nu\nq\n0\nS\n>\u00bb\nrt\nC\nu\nO\no\nS3\nLU\nVI\nrt\nO\nH\nOJ\nu\nc\n\u25a0>\no\na.\nc\nV\nII\n4.\n0\n-s\nc\n(1 200 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nCoal-preparation Plants\nThere were no additions or extensive alterations made to existing plants in 1956.\nFor full details of plants see 1954 Annual Report.\nCOKE-MAKING\nCoke is made at only one plant in the Province, that of the Michel Colliery, The\nCrow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited, Fernie. There were no alterations or extensions made at this plant during the year.   For full details see 1954 Annual Report.\nBriquetting\nIn the third week of February, 1954, the first successful briquetting plant in the\nProvince was brought into production on a twenty-four-hour basis at the Michel Colliery\nof The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited, Fernie. The plant comprises two\nComarck-Greaves units and has a capacity of 50 tons per hour. It utilizes slack coal\nfrom both the Elk River and Michel Collieries. For further details of this plant see\n1954 Annual Report.\nLABOUR AND EMPLOYMENT\nIn 1956, 1,366 persons were employed in and about the coal mines of the Province,\na decrease of 112 from 1955.\nBecause of the five-day week in force throughout the Province at the larger mines,\nand the legal holidays, the maximum number of working-days is 251. In the Vancouver\nIsland District the one large mine, the Tsable River mine, worked 230 days. In the\nEast Kootenay District the Michel and Elk River Collieries worked 248 and 239 days\nrespectively.\nCOMPETITION FROM COAL PRODUCED OUTSIDE OF\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nIn 1956 the shipment of Alberta coal and briquettes to British Columbia totalled\n860,329 and 32,535 tons respectively. The following table shows the amount of Alberta\ncoal brought into British Columbia during the past ten years:\u2014\nYear Short Tons Year Short Tons\n1947  899,403 1952  1,021,484\n1948   945,700 1953     859,385\n1949  891,132 1954     891,194\n1950  873,558 1955     932,764\n1951   898,533 1956     860,329\nOf the 1,148,707 tons of British Columbia coal marketed, 374,603 tons was sold\nfor domestic and industrial use in Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, and Yukon\nTerritory; 385,811 tons was sold for railroad use in Canada; 96,888 tons was exported\nto the United States; and 4,790 tons was sold for ships' bunkers.\nThe amount sold for domestic and industrial use in the Province was 286,615 tons.\nACCIDENTS IN AND AROUND COAL MINES\nIn 1956 six fatal accidents occurred, as compared with five in 1955. The number\nof fatal accidents per 1,000 persons (underground and strip-mine personnel) employed\nwas 4.39, compared with 3.38 in 1955, 0.69 in 1954, 3.22 in 1953, 1.78 in 1952, 3.11\nin 1951, 2.21 in 1950, 0.43 in 1949, 2.04 in 1948, and 0.82 in 1947. The average for\nthe ten-year period was 2.06.\nThe number of fatal accidents per 1,000,000 gross tons of coal (underground and\nstrip-mine coal) produced in 1956 was 3.77, compared with 3.44 in 1955. COAL\n201\nThe following table shows the collieries at which fatal accidents occurred in 1956,\nwith comparative figures for 1955:\u2014\nName of Company\nName of Colliery\n1956\n1955\n2\n2\n2\n1\nFlic River Cnllipry\n4\nTsable River                 -           . \u2014    -\nTotals\n6\n5\nThe following three tables classify the fatal accidents in coal mines as to cause,\nquantity of coal per accident, and inspection districts:\u2014\nFatal Accidents Classified as to Cause\nCause\n1956\nNumber       Per Cent\n1955\nNumber      Per Cent\nBy falls of roof and coal-\nCollapse of roof supports ....\nAsphyxiated by outburst of coal-\nHaulage (underground)\t\nSwitching railroad cars\t\nTotals\t\n16.67\n33.33\n16.67\n33.33_\nloo.otT\n40.00\n40.00\n20.00\n100.00\nFatal Accidents, Underground Mines, Classified as to\nQuantity of Coal Mined\nCause\n1956\nNumber\nof Fatal\nAccidents\nCoal Mined\nper Fatal\nAccident\n1955\nNumber\nof Fatal\nAccidents\nCoal Mined\nper Fatal\nAccident\nBy falls of roof and coal-\nCollapse of roof supports-\nAsphyxiated by outburst of coal-\nHaulage (underground)\t\nSwitching railroad cars\t\nTotals \t\nTons\n1,110,434\n555,217\n1,110,434\n555,217\n~J85fifT\nTons\n578,906\n578,906\n1,157,813\n231,562\nNote.\u2014There were no fatal accidents in strip-mining operations in the years 1956 and 1955.\nFatal Accidents Classified as to Inspection Districts\nNumber of Deaths from Accidents\nTotals\nDistrict\nFalls of\nRoof and\nCoal\nCollapse\nof Roof\nSupports\nAsphyxiated by\nOutburst\nof Coal\nHaulage\n(Underground)\nSwitching\nRailroad\nCars\n1956\n1955\n1\n2\n1\n1\n2\n2\n2\n2\n4\n\u2014\n5\n\t\n1\n2\n2\n2\n1\n1\n2\n6\nProvince, 1955_..\t\n5 202\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nRatio of Fatal Accidents, Underground Mines\nAccident Death Rate\nDistrict\nPer 1,000 Persons\nEmployed\nPer 1,000,000 Tons\nof Coal Mined\n1956\n1955\n1956\n1955\n8.03\n4.05\n4.64\n9.98\n4.53\n5.54\n4.65\n3.55\n5.43\nProvince, 1955  . .\n4.32\nIn 1956 there were six fatal accidents at the mines in the Province, two of which\noccurred above ground and four underground.\nOn January 21st, 1956, at about 1.30 a.m., Andrew Paskewitch, Polish, aged 55,\nmarried, and employed as a loaderman on the surface at the Michel Colliery, was fatally\ninjured when he was crushed between two railway cars. He died on arrival at the hospital about 2.05 a.m.\nPaskewitch was in the act of lowering a loaded gondola of coke on the No. 2 track\nto three loaded stationary cars about 300 feet below the coke tipple on No. 1 track.\nHe was riding on the forward platform of the moving car in order to operate the brake\nwheel. When the cars came together the couplings did not engage, thus allowing the\nends of the cars to come very close together and crush Paskewitch. He received severe\ninjuries in the region of the pelvis and abdomen.\nInvestigation of the accident revealed that the last of the three cars, which had been\nlowered on the No. 3 track on the previous shift, had not cleared the No. 3 track switch,\nthus allowing a deviation in the alignment of the two cars of about 18 inches, an amount\nsufficient to allow the couplings to by-pass one another instead of connecting.\nOn March 14th, 1956, at about 9.25 a.m., Duane Pelletier, Canadian, aged 21\nyears, single, and employed as a rope-rider at No. 9 mine, Elk River Colliery, was apparently killed instantly when he was run over by a trip of five loaded cars on No. 5 slope.\nThere was no witness to the actual accident, but investigation immediately following the arrival of the trip at the top of the slope without a rope-rider led to finding\nPelletier's body 43 feet above a curve at the lower section of the slope. The body was\nfound partly on the track and appeared to have been run over by some of the cars.\nThere were indications that the cars had been derailed 16 feet above the curve (or 27\nfeet below where the body was found); the deceased's pocket watch and smashed helmet\nwas found at this point.\nApparently Pelletier was riding on the front bumper of the first car and for some\nunknown reason, possibly the derailment, fell off and was run over by the trip. The\ntrip was travelling very slowly and the clearances in the area were normal.\nOn June 21st, 1956, at about 8 p.m., Donald Winters, Canadian, aged 26 years,\nmarried, and employed as a box-car handler at the Michel Colliery was apparently killed\ninstantly when he was crushed between two railway cars at the Michel Colliery preparation plant.\nFrom evidence brought out at the investigation, Winters had dropped a car down\nfrom No. 6 track and it stuck on the switch leading to No. 5 track. Failing to move the\ncar by the use of pinch-bars, Winters then attempted to move it by bumping it with the\nnext car in line. He rode the front end of the car used for this purpose and was apparently crushed between the brake wheels of the two cars as the cars came into contact.\nThe couplings of the two cars did not engage because the cars were not in alignment. COAL 203\nOn July 6th, 1956, at about 7.30 p.m., Henry L. Ellison, aged 59, married, and\nemployed as a miner by Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited, was fatally injured\nwhen he was struck by a fall of face coal in the Tsable River mine.\nEllison and his partner were engaged in putting up a set of timber at the face of a\ncrosscut. The left-hand leg had been put up and secured and Ellison had just taken a\nmeasurement for the right-hand leg. He turned away from the face when a large piece\nof coal sloughed off the face and struck him on the lower back. He was removed to\nthe Cumberland General Hospital immediately and, on the advice of the doctor, was\ntaken to the Vancouver General Hospital the following morning. He died on July 14th,\n1956, at about 1.15 a.m.\nEllison and his partner had tested the face prior to commencing to erect the set of\ntimber and had found it, in their judgment, to be sound. The crosscut was partly surrounded by gob area, and it is thought probable that the ever-present squeeze accompanying pillar extraction had induced a slip in the coal parallel and ahead of the face.\nThis would account for the coal sloughing off.\nOn November 5th, 1956, at about 10.20 p.m., Herman Hula, German, aged 29\nyears, married, and employed as a miner in No. 9 mine, Elk River Colliery, was apparently instantly killed by a fall of ground when the supporting timbers collapsed.\nHula and his partner were engaged in extracting a pillar by skipping or slabbing\na pillar on the advance. The skip was about lOYz feet wide and had been advanced\napproximately 50 feet on the low side pillar of No. 16 room, No. 1 slope section, when\nthe last three sets of timber at the face collapsed, resulting in a fall of ground that buried\nboth men.   A slip in the roof contributed to the accident.\nOn December 31st, 1956, at about 8 p.m., Frank E. Dixon, aged 40 years, Canadian, married, and employed as a fireboss at the Tsable River mine by Canadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited, was fatally injured when he was struck by a fall of ground.\nThe accident occurred at the face of the crosscut off No. 2 Right level, No. 1\nslope section, where preparations were being made to drive a counter level to the right\nand left off the crosscut simultaneously. The last three sets of timber had been underlined by two bridge-sticks, the legs of which were 3Yz feet apart at the face of the\ncrosscut and lOYz feet apart at the outer end. This tapering of the bridge-sticks was\nmade in order to allow room for the Joy loader to operate efficiently to the right and\nleft from the crosscut in starting off these places. On the day prior to the accident the\nright legs of the three supported sets were removed and a round of shots drilled and\nblasted to form the opening cut of the level to the right. On the day of the accident\nthe three left legs of these sets were removed and a round drilled in the left side. As\nfar as could be determined, the collar bracing was not replaced when any of the legs\nwere removed.\nDixon, the fireboss, with the assistance of three miners was at the face loading the\nround, when suddenly, and without warning, the three last sets of timber together with\ntheir supporting bridge-sticks collapsed. Dixon was buried and fatally injured. Of the\nother three men, one suffered a broken ankle.\nIncluding the foregoing fatal accidents, 352 accidents involving loss of seven days\nor more were reported to the Department by the management of the various mines. All\nthose accidents were investigated and reported on by the District Inspectors of Mines.\nThe following three tables classify the accidents in coal mines in 1956 as to occupation of the men involved, as to cause, and as to injury. The fatal accidents are\nincluded in the totals:\u2014 204\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nAccidents Classified as to Occupation\nOccupation\nUnderground\u2014\nMiners                  \t\nNumber of\nAccidents\n       166\nPercentage of\nAccidents\n47.16\nDrillers and facemen\t\nHaulage and conveyormen\t\n        78\n22.16\nTrackmen and mechanics \t\n17\n4.83\nSupervisors   _          \t\n13\n3.69\nTimbermen _   __     \t\n       8\n2\n2.27\nCoal-cutters                ,   _   ,\n0.57\nMiscellaneous   ..\nSurface\u2014\nShops       \t\n       9\n       9\n2.56\n2.56\nSurface                  _           _   -\n25\n7.10\nPreparation and coke-ovens\t\nMiscellaneous \t\n     24\n       1\n  352\n6.82\n0.28\nTotals\t\n100.00\nAccidents Classified as to Cause\nNumber of Percentage of\nCause                                                                                            Accidents Accidents\nFall of ground     51 14.49\nFall of material and flying material     54 15.34\nLifting and handling equipment and material    95 26.99\nMachinery and tools     52 14.77\nSlipped and tripped     66 18.75\nFalling off staging and platforms     12 3.41\nMiscellaneous      22 6.25\nTotals   352 100.00\nAccidents Classified as to Injury\nInjury\nHead and neck\nNumber of\nAccidents\n     22\nPercentage of\nAccidents\n6.25\nEyes                             - -\n       8\n2.28\nTrunk                      \t\n     61\n17.33\nBack                       \t\n     47\n13.35\nArms                  _   _   \t\n     20\n5.68\nHands and fingers\t\n     74\n21.02\nLegs                              -      - -.\n     84\n23.86\nFeet      _. \t\n     29\n8.24\nToes \u2014\t\n       7\n1.99\n  352\nTotals\t\n100.00 COAL\n205\nEXPLOSIVES\nThe following table shows the quantity of explosives used in underground coal mines\nin 1956, together with the number of shots fired, tons of coal produced per pound of\nexplosive used, and the average number of pounds of explosive per shot fired (these\nquantities include all the explosives used for breaking coal and rock work in coal\nmines):\u2014\nVancouver Island District\nColliery\nQuantity of\nExplosives\nUsed\n(Pounds)\nCoal\nMined\n(Tons)\nTotal\nNumber\nof Shots\nFired\nAverage\nTons of\nCoal per\nPound of\nExplosive\nUsed\nAverage\nPounds of\nExplosive\nper Shot\nFired\n91,675\n1,250\n1,300\n1,400\n500\n450\n300\n400\n120\n195,081\n1,562\n735\n897\n480\n617\n338\n547\n122,900\n1,900\n1,400\n1,000\n650\n500\n500\n850\n2.13\n1.25\n0.56\n0.64\n0.96\n1.37\n1.13\n1.36\n0.75\n0.75\n0.66\nLoudon No. 6 mine\t\n0.93\n1.40\nCarruthers and Wakelam No. 3 \u2014\t\n0.77\n0.90\n0.60\n0.47\n90      |             100\n1.20\n97,395\n200.347       1       129.800       !         2.05\n0.75\nNicola-Princeton District\nTaylor Burson mine (Blue Flame)\t\n1,500\n1,100\n3,078\n1,170\n1,400\n660\n2.05\n1.06\n1.07\n1.67\n2,600\n4,248\n2,060\n1.63\n1.26\nNorthern District\n7,000\n1,550\n1,500\n8,553\n3,105\n1,537\n6,200\n1,500\n3,000\n1.22\n2.00\n1.02\n1.12\n1.03\nGething No. 3 mine.\u2014 - -\u2014\t\n0.50\n10,050\n13,195\n10,700\n1.31\n0.94\nEast Kootenay District\nElk River Colliery  \t\nMichel Colliery (underground)..\nTotals for district\t\n3,567\n110,200\nI\n299,182 |\n583,462  |\n4,855\n100,820\n882,644\n83.88\n5.29\n7.75\n0.74\n1.08\n1.07\nProvince\nTotals for Province .\n223,812 1,100,434      |      248,235 4.91 0.90\n I\nQuantity of Different Explosives Used\nLb.\nMonobel of different grades  116,929\nPermissible rock powder       6,883\nTotal  123,812 206\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nMACHINE-MINED COAL\nIn 1956, mining-machines produced approximately 31,553 tons or 20 per cent of\nthe total output from underground mining. A total of 488,964 tons of strip-mined coal\nwas removed by mechanical means.\nMachines Driven by\u2014\nType of Machine Used\nDistrict\nElectricity\nCompressed\nAir\nChain\nUndercutting\nRotary\n2\n1\n1\n2\n1\n1\nTnfals\n3\n1\n3\n1\nIn addition to the above, 211 air picks were used in the mines of The Crow's Nest\nPass Coal Company Limited.\nSAFETY LAMPS\nThere were 1,331 safety lamps in use in the mines of the Province. Of this number,\n120 were flame safety and 1,211 were approved electric lamps, mostly of the Edison type.\nApproved Safety Lamps\u2014Electric and Flame\nThe following is a list of approved safety lamps, electric and flame:\u2014\nThe Wolf lamp, flame type.\nThe Koehler lamp, flame type.\nThe Edison electric lamp (cap) as Approval No. 18 of the United States\nBureau of Mines, and all Edison lamps up to and including Model P,\ncarrying the Approval Certificate No. 26 of the United States Bureau of\nMines; Model R-4, Approval No. 29.\nThe Wheat electric lamp and having Approval No. 20, as issued by the United\nStates Bureau of Mines.\nThe Wolf electric lamp, No. 830c.\nThe electric lamp manufactured by the Portable Lamp and Equipment Company, under Approval No. 27 of the United States Bureau of Mines.\nM.S.A. single-cell trip lamp, carrying United States Bureau of Mines Approval\nNo. 1009, approved for use on haulage trips in mines.\nThe Davis M.L. model pneumatic electric lamp.\nELECTRICITY\nElectricity is used for various purposes on the surface and underground at six\ncollieries. A total of 15,887 horsepower was used in and about these mines. Detailed\ninformation as to how and where this power is used is given in the report of the Electrical\nInspector of Mines.\nVENTILATION\nInformation regarding the quantity of air passing in the main airways and working-\nplaces in the various mines is given in the reports of the District Inspectors. Blasting\noperations are not allowed in working-places where methane can be detected by the use\nof a flame safety lamp. The ventilation in general, as found during inspection visits, was\nadequate to meet requirements. COAL 207\nMETHANE DETECTION\nThe principal methods used to detect small percentages of methane in the mines are\nby the use of the M.S.A. detector and by gas analysis.\nRegular tests are made on every shift in the working-places and the roadways by the\nfirebosses and other certified mine officials, principally by means of the flame safety\nlamp. Every candidate for a miner's certificate must show, over and above the other\nnecessary qualifications, that he has a thorough knowledge of the flame safety lamp, of\nhandling it safely, and of the method of testing for methane before he is given a certificate.\nAIR-SAMPLING\nIn addition to regular tests made by use of the flame safety lamp and methane\ndetectors, the Inspector of Mines in each district takes mine-air samples regularly in main\nreturn airways and return airways of the various splits, so that a complete record may be\nkept of the condition of the air passing through the mine. Air samples are also taken\nby the Inspector and mine officials when there is an abnormal issuance of gas in working-\nplaces, and to ascertain the condition of the atmosphere in gob areas and old workings.\nINSPECTION COMMITTEES\nThe provisions of the \"Coal-mines Regulation Act,\" section 65, General Rule 19,\nrequire that an inspection committee of workmen shall inspect the mine regularly on\nbehalf of the workmen and make a true report of the conditions found. In all the larger\nmines of the Province this rule is fully observed, and copies of the report are sent to the\nInspector for the district. The work of these committees is valuable and assists in\nfurthering the interests of safety at the various mines.\nCOAL DUST\nThe danger of accumulations of coal dust on the roadways and in the working-places\nis fully realized, and as a rule the regulations regarding the control of coal dust are\nadequately carried out. Large quantities of limestone dust are used continually in the\nlarger mines to combat this hazard. It is used in the roadways, working-places, and for\nthe tamping of shots.\nDust samples are taken regularly from roof, sides, and floor of mine roadways and\nanalysed.   The reports of the analyses are forwarded to the District Inspector each month.\nDIESEL LOCOMOTIVES\nEarly in August, 1950, the first diesel underground locomotive to be used in any\nmine in British Columbia made its trial runs in No. 9 mine, Elk River Colliery, The\nCrow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited.\nThe locomotive is a 15-ton 100-horsepower North British type and is fully permissible for use in coal mines. This locomotive is still in use at the Elk River Colliery.\nTwo 75-horsepower diesel locomotives were purchased in 1956 for use in hauling the\noutput from the \"A\" North mine to the tipple at the Michel Colliery.\nMILLISECOND DELAY DETONATORS\nIn February, 1951, an amendment to the \"Coal-mines Regulation Act\" was passed\nto allow, with the permission of the Chief Inspector of Mines, more than one shot to be\nfired at a time in any coal mine or district of a mine. For further details see 1954 Annual\nReport. 208 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nDANGEROUS OCCURRENCES\nOn January 3rd, 1956, at 10.30 p.m., a trip of seven loaded cars was being lowered\non the surface incline at No. 1 East mine, Elk River Colliery, when the link of a coupling\nbroke and six cars ran out of control. A derailment switch near the bottom of the incline\nfailed to stop the cars, and they crashed into a trip standing on the parting at the bottom\nof the incline. One workman was seriously injured on the parting and eleven cars were\nseverely damaged.   Fifty feet of snowshed was demolished.\nOn February 13th, 1956, traces of smoke and carbon monoxide were noticed issuing\nfrom a caved gob area in the No. 3 Room west section, No. 1 East mine, Elk River\nColliery. Efforts to find the seat of the heating failed, and it was decided to seal off the\narea as soon as possible. This was successfully accomplished two days later, the final\nsealing having been carried out by a mine-rescue team equipped with self-contained\nbreathing apparatus.\nOn February 28th, 1956, a large snowslide at Elk River Colliery caused extensive\ndamage and disrupted operations at No. 1 East mine and a portion of No. 9 mine for\nseveral days. No one was injured. The slide originated at a high altitude on the\nmountainside across a ravine from No. 9 mine, and in its travel completely buried and\ndamaged the fan used for ventilating the No. 1 slope section of No. 9 mine. The slide\nthen travelled down the ravine for 1,500 feet, demolishing a locomotive-shed and part\nof a bridge on No. 4 landing. A steam locomotive which was in the shed was swept down\nthe ravine for 100 feet and extensively damaged, and a 20,000-gallon-capacity water-tank\nbelow the bridge was demolished.\nOn June 9th, 1956, a trip of nine empty cars was being lowered on the diagonal\nslope, Tsable River mine, when the leading three cars became uncoupled and ran out of\ncontrol. At the point of derailment the runaway cars knocked out five sets of timber\nand caused a cave of about fifty cars of rock.\nOn July 20th, 1956, a gob fire was discovered in the No. 3 Left belt-road section\nof \"A\" West mine, Michel Colliery. The fire was in a caved gob area on No. 7 Raise.\nDue to the steep pitch of the seam and the caved condition in the area, it was considered\ntoo dangerous to attempt to load out the fire. Immediate steps were taken to seal off the\nfire area, and this was accomplished in three days.\nOn October 5th, 1956, at Michel Colliery, thirty-five cars of coal ran out of control\nfrom \"A\" West mine gathering parting and travelled the length of the main rock tunnel\nto near the portal, where they collided with a standing trip. Two of the cars were\nextensively damaged, and the armour of an electric cable suspended alongside the tunnel\nwas slightly damaged.   No one was injured.\nBUMPS AND OUTBURSTS\nOn March 7th, 1956, at 3 a.m. a severe bump occurred on the No. 3 Raise in \"B \"\nSouth mine, Michel Colliery, and caused considerable damage to the roadway. The floor\nof the roadway was heaved nearly to the roof for a length of over 100 feet, trapping two\nmen inside the area for about two hours. One of the men was slightly injured. The\nbump is attributed to excessive pressures building up on the roadway pillars following\nlarge-scale pillar extraction.\nPROSECUTIONS\nJohn Yarovich, carpenter, Michel Colliery, was prosecuted on April 3rd, 1956,\nunder Rule 112 of the Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company's \" Special Rules \" for subjecting\nhimself and a fellow-workman to a danger that was not necessary in the course of his\noccupation.   He was found guilty and fined $20 and $30.50 costs.\nCharles Koska, Jr., miner, Michel Colliery, was prosecuted on May 17th, 1956,\nunder Rule 7 of the Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company's \" Special Rules \" for not complying with the instructions of an official.   He was found guilty and fined $10 and $5 costs. COAL\n209\nSUPERVISION OF COAL MINES\nDuring 1956 seventeen companies operated twenty-six mines, employing 968 men\nunderground. In the supervision of underground employees there were 4 managers, 15\novermen, 2 shiftbosses, and 65 firebosses, or approximately 1 official for every 11 men.\n\"COAL SALES ACT\"\nList of Registered Names of British Columbia Coals, Approved by the Chief\nInspector of Mines, in accordance with the Provisions of the \"Coal\nSales Act.\"\nRegistered Name of Coal\nColliery and Location\nProducing Company\nComox\t\nHi-Carbon  \t\nOld Wellington_\t\nChambers-Extension ....\nCassidy-Wellington\t\nTaylor Burson\t\nHat Creek\t\nBulkley Valley\t\nCrow's Nest, Elk River.\nCrow's Nest, Michel\u2014\nColdwater\t\nBlack Prince\t\nBowron River Coal\t\nComae\t\nTsable River mine, Comox Colliery (Cumberland)..\nMixture  of  Canadian   Collieries   coal   and   B.C.\nElectric coke\nNo. 9 mine (Wellington)  \t\nChambers-Extension\t\nCassidy mine (Cassidy)..\nBlue Flame No. 2 mine (Princeton)..\nHat Creek (Lillooet). \t\nBulkley Valley (Telkwa) \t\nElk River (Coal Creek) \t\nMichel (Michel) ..\nColdwater No. 3 mine (Merritt)..\nBlack mine (Princeton) \t\nBowron River mine (Prince George)\t\nTsable River Colliery (Cumberland) and McLeod\nRiver Colliery (Alberta)\nCanadian Collieries (D.) Ltd.\nCanadian Collieries (D.) Ltd.\nCanadian Collieries (D.) Ltd.\nR. H. Chambers.\nA. H. Carroll.\nTaylor Burson Coal Co. Ltd.\nCanada Coal and Development Co. Ltd.\nBulkley Valley Collieries.\nCrow's Nest Pass Coal Co. Ltd.\nCrow's Nest Pass Coal Co. Ltd.\nS. Gerrard.\nR. B. Savage.\nCentral Industries Ltd.\nCanadian Collieries (D.) Ltd.\nBOARD OF EXAMINERS FOR COAL-MINE OFFICIALS\nFirst-, Second-\nand Third-class Certificates and Mine Surveyors'\nCertificates\nThe Board of Examiners, formed on July 10th, 1919, consists at present of H. C.\nHughes, Chief Inspector of Mines, chairman; Edward R. Hughes, Inspector of Mines,\nmember; and Robert B. Bonar, Senior Inspector of Mines, secretary and member.\nThe meetings of the Board are held in the office of the Department of Mines in\nVictoria. The examinations are held in accordance with the amended rules of the Board\nof Examiners and approved by the Minister. The examinations are held at least once a\nyear, and more often if necessary. Regular examinations were held in 1956 on the following dates:  May 9th, 10th, and 11th at the Fernie centre.\nThe total number of candidates at these examinations was as follows: For third-\nclass certificates, 3 (3 passed); for mine surveyors' certificates, 1 (failed).\nThe following were the successful candidates: Third class\u2014Silvio Maio, Hugh\nQuintilio, and Simon Vanderjagt.\nIn addition to the above, an interchange certificate was granted without full examination to the following candidate who held coal-mine official certificates of equal rating\nfrom other Provinces or from Great Britain:  Third class\u2014Henry A. France.\nAll officials, before engaging in multiple blasting with millisecond delay detonators,\nare required to obtain a permit to do so from the Board of Examiners (Coal-mine Officials). This permit is issued only after the applicant has successfully passed oral and\npractical examinations in such work.\nExaminations for Certificates of Competency as Coal-miners\nIn addition to the examinations and certificates already specified as coming under\nthe Board of Examiners, the Act further provides that every coal-miner shall be the 210 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nholder of a certificate of competency as such. Examinations are held regularly in coalmining districts, and no certificate is granted where the candidate has failed to satisfy\nthe Board as to his fitness, experience in a coal mine, and a general working knowledge\nof the English language.\nDuring 1956 there were 103 candidates for coal-miners' certificates, six of whom\nwere unsuccessful.\nIn addition to the certificates granted above, substitute certificates were issued to\nthose who had lost their original certificates.\nPermits to act as coal-miners, as provided by the Act, have been granted to younger\nmen by Inspectors in their respective districts. This method allows promising men with\nless than one year's experience underground to work at the coal face as miners under the\nguidance of an experienced miner.\nThe Board of Examiners desires to thank the different coal-mining companies for\nthe use of their premises for holding examinations where necessary. COAL 211\nNOTES ON COAL MINES\nVANCOUVER ISLAND INSPECTION DISTRICT\nBy R. B. Bonar\nThe gross output of coal from the Vancouver Island Inspection District was 200,347\ntons, a decrease of 9,437 tons or 4.49 per cent from the 1955 output. Only one large\ncoal mine, the Tsable River mine, is now in production on the Island. Operations in the\nonce important Nanaimo coalfield are now restricted to seven very small mines, providing\nemployment for no more than twenty-one men. These mines operate in outcrop, pillars,\nand barriers left during earlier working.\nThe Island coal-mining industry has suffered a rapid decline in the past few years.\nProduction has declined by as much as 60 per cent since 1951. This condition has\nresulted from loss of markets due to competition from other fuels, high costs of production, and from the depletion of reserves in the Nanaimo coalfield. However, indications are that the bottom of the decline has been reached, and that a levelling-off of\nproduction will take place in the next few years.\nIn 1956 there were six accidents classified as serious, five of which occurred underground at the Tsable River mine and one on the surface at Union Bay. Two of the five\naccidents that occurred underground were fatal.\nIn addition to these, forty-three minor accidents were reported and investigated.\nThere were no dangerous occurrences in the coal mines of the Island.\nThe annual mine-rescue and first-aid meet organized by the Vancouver Island\nBranch of the British Columbia Mine Safety Association was held at Cumberland on\nSaturday, June 9th. Two teams from Tsable River mine and a visiting team from Copper\nMountain mine participated in the mine-rescue competition, and a very high standard\nof performance was maintained. The winning team was the Copper Mountain team,\ncaptained by Luke Kirby.\nNanaimo (49\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.W.)\nR. H. Chambers and associates, operators; R. H. Chambers,\nChambers No. 5 manager. This mine is in Section 14, Range 7, in the Douglas\nMine, Extension district, near Extension. The area was first opened up as a stripping operation in the latter part of 1952 and comprised a small\nsection of the Wellington seam lying close to the surface in the vicinity of the old Vancouver slope workings. By the end of 1954 all available surface coal was depleted, and\nearly in January, 1955, the present slope was started to test the continuity of the seam\nunderground. At the end of 1955 the slope had reached a point about 400 feet from the\nportal in coal which varied in thickness from 6 to 8 feet. Rooms started to the left off\nthe slope were cut off by a fault which was found to converge on the slope. To offset\nthis convergence, the slope was turned to the right to parallel the fault. Several rooms\nwere started to the right off the slope in 1955 and 1956, but were driven only a short\ndistance, as most of the work has been concentrated on driving the slope to its limit with\nthe object of extracting the coal on the retreating system. At the end of the year the\nslope had reached a distance of 626 feet from the portal and had 7 to 8 feet of coal at\nthe face.\nThe coal is mined by picking out the middle band of carbonaceous shale with hand-\npicks. It is then blasted and hand-loaded into cars which are hauled to the tipple by a\ngasoline-driven hoist. A small shaker screen sorts the coal into over 2-inch, 1- to\n2-inch, and under 1-inch sizes. 212 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nTotal production in 1956 was 1,562 tons over a working period of 119 days, with\na crew of five men. Working conditions were found to be satisfactory in the course of\ninspections.   One accident was reported and investigated.\nGlyn Lewis, operator and fireboss.    This property comprises two\nLewis Mine small mines operating in the Wellington seam in a small area of\n(Timberlands)      outcrop coal that was left when No. 8 mine was abandoned by\nCanadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited.   The seam outcrops on\nthe side of a ridge parallel to and immediately south of the Nanaimo River valley at an\nelevation of 540 feet above sea-level.    The coal measures dip southward at 8 degrees.\nThe two mines are one-third of a mile apart.\nThe new mine, which commenced production in May, 1951, is in Range 1, Section\n2, of the Cranberry district. It is operated in the Wellington seam in an area of coal\noutcrop about 1 acre in extent, which is bounded on the west by a thrust fault that also\nformed the western boundary of the old No. 8 mine. The seam is 6 feet thick, including\ntwo thin rock bands.\nThe coal is blasted off the solid and hand-loaded into cars which are hauled to the\nsurface by a small gasoline-driven hoist. A shaker screen sorts the coal into lump, nut,\nand pea sizes. Total production in 1956 was 897 tons over a working period of 286\ndays, with a crew of two men. Working conditions were found to be satisfactory, and\nno accidents were reported.\nF. Vlasich, operator and fireboss.   This mine is on Lot 194 in the\nBlue Flame Mine,   Bright district, about 600 feet west of the Timberlands road and\nWellington 16 miles by road from Nanaimo.    It operates in the western out-\n(Timberlands)      crop of the Wellington seam about half a mile south of the Nanaimo\nRiver.    The coal averages from 2 to 3 feet thick and is overlain\nby a bed of mudstone ranging from 10 inches to 2Yz feet thick.\nTotal production in 1956 was 338 tons over a working period of eighty-one days\nwith a crew of two men. Conditions were found to be satisfactory in the course of\ninspections, and no accidents were reported.\nDue to depletion of reserves this mine was permanently abandoned in November,\n1956.\nJ. Unsworth and A. Dunn, operators; A. Dunn, fireboss. This\nUndun Mine mine, which was brought into production in August, 1954, is three-\nquarters of a mile northwest of the village of Extension. It operates in the Wellington seam, and the output comes from the mining of pillars and small\nareas of coal left near the outcrop in the workings of the old Extension No. 6 mine. The\nWellington seam is variable in thickness, but the coal is of excellent quality. The\nmeasures dip about 10 degrees southwest.   The roof is a strong conglomerate.\nThe coal is blasted off the solid and hand-loaded into cars which are hauled to the\nsurface by a small gasoline-driven hoist. Production in 1956 amounted to 547 tons\nover a working period of 148 days, with a crew of two men. Working conditions were\nfound to be satisfactory in the course of inspections, and no accidents were reported.\nAlbert Addison, operator.   This mine is in Range 5, Section 13,\nBig Flame Mine    of the Cranberry district.   Reopening of this mine, formerly known\nas the Clifford mine, was commenced early in 1955.   It operated\nabout eighty days during 1956 with a working crew of two men.    Ninety tons of coal\nwas produced.   At the end of the year the mine was inoperative.   No accidents were\nreported.\nNorth Wellington (49\u00b0 124\u00b0 S.E.)\nW. Loudon and associates, operators; W. Loudon, fireboss.  This\nLoudon No. 6      mine is about 1 mile southeast of Wellington and has been opened\nMine up by a slope driven in a small area of outcrop coal in the No. 2\nUpper Wellington seam adjacent to the old No. 9 mine workings. COAL 213\nThe coal is blasted off the solid and hand-loaded into cars which are hauled to the\nsurface by a small gasoline-driven hoist.    Production in 1956 amounted to 735 tons\nover a working period of 156 days with a crew of three men.   Working conditions were\nfound to be satisfactory during the course of inspections, and no accidents were reported.\nR. B. Carruthers and W. Wakelam, operators;  R. B. Carruthers,\nCarruthers and     fireboss.   This mine, near the Loudon mine, is also in the No. 2\nWakelam No. 3    or Upper Wellington seam adjacent to the abandoned workings of\nMine the old No. 9 mine.   Production in 1956 amounted to 480 tons\nover a working period of 198 days with a crew of two men. Working conditions were found to be satisfactory in the course of inspections. No accidents\nwere reported.\nCharles Stronach, operator;  H. Gilmour, fireboss.   This mine is\nStronach No. 2     in a section of the No. 2 or Upper Wellington seam adjacent to the\nMine old No. 9 mine.   All of the output comes from the mining of pillars\nand small areas of coal left in the early workings. Production in\n1956 amounted to 617 tons over a period of 171 days with a crew of four men. Working conditions were found to be satisfactory in the course of inspections, and no accidents\nwere reported.\nComox (49\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.)\nCanadian Collieries (Dunsmuir) Limited.\u2014Head office, 355 Burrard Street, Vancouver. F. Ronald Graham, chairman of the board; R. Whittall, president; E. O. T.\nSimpson, vice-president, mining; W. W. Johnstone, district superintendent. In 1956\nthis company operated one mine on Vancouver Island, the Tsable River mine.\nTsable River Mine.\u2014S. J. Lawrence, manager; T. Ecclestone, overman; L. Cooper,\nA. Cullen, and A. Somerville, shiftbosses; W. Bennie, J. Cochrane, F. Dixon, M. Fro-\nbisher, W. High, L. Hutchinson, C. Lewis, G. Nicholas, and J. Thomson, firebosses.\nThe layout and method of operating this mine are fully described in the 1954 Annual\nReport. In 1956 production came from the extraction of pillars formed by earlier\ndevelopment in the seam and from development work in the northeast section beyond\nthe second fault system. This latter section, which was penetrated by an inclined rock\ntunnel near the end of 1955, has been rapidly expanded in spite of the difficulties encountered when penetrating a downthrow fault of varying displacement that was met by\nthe two levels driven from the top of the rock tunnel.\nTwo slopes are being driven in the seam\u2014one on either side of the downthrow\nfault. The seam at the face of the slopes is of normal height and clean, but the roof,\nprobably due to the near presence of the fault, has numerous slips and joints and requires\ncloser timbering than is usually required.\nAll the coal, both in development and pillar-extraction workings, is blasted off the\nsolid. Electrical multiple blasting with millisecond delay detonators is used throughout\nthe mine. Totals of 91,550 pounds of Monobel No. 4 explosive and 122,900 detonators\nwere used during the year.\nTotal production in 1956 amounted to 195,081 tons over a working period of 230\ndays, with a crew averaging 214 men underground and sixteen on the surface.\nConditions at the mine have usually been found to be satisfactory in the course of\ninspections.\nFirst-aid arrangements have been maintained at a satisfactory standard. A suitably\nequipped first-aid room is provided on the surface, and an ambulance car is held in\nreadiness for emergencies. Five employees hold industrial first-aid certificates, and\ntwenty-four employees hold other first-aid certificates. Two mine-rescue teams of six\nmen each are maintained, and these attend periodic practices at the Cumberland mine-\nrescue station. 214 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nForty-eight accidents were reported and investigated, six of which were classed as\nserious, including two fatal accidents. This represents a decrease of 23.8 per cent in\nthe number of lost-time accidents compared with 1955, and is due to the maintaining of\nthe intensified safety programme put into effect by the management. The management\nis ably assisted and advised in this work by the director of the Safety Division of the\nBritish Columbia Mining Association.\nRegular inspections of the mine were made each month by the inspection committee\nappointed by the workmen, and copies of its reports were forwarded to the office by the\nDistrict Inspector through the courtesy of this committee.\nNICOLA-PRINCETON INSPECTION DISTRICT\nBy E. R. Hughes\nThree mines were operated in this district in 1956, and the output of coal totalled\n72,567 tons. This was a slight decrease from the amount produced in 1955. As before,\nthe chief producer was the Mullin strip mine at Blakeburn, and the coal from this\nproperty was almost entirely used at The Granby Consolidated Mining Smelting and\nPower Company Limited steam-electric power plant at Princeton. Taylor Burson Coal\nCompany Limited discontinued operating the Blue Flame mine in May, and the property\nwas later operated by some of the former employees. The Coldwater Coal mine at\nMerritt continued to be operated on a small scale and produced coal chiefly for local\ndomestic use. Continued search for a commercial coal seam was reported to have been\nmade without success on Lot 377, which is held by B. Vittori and N. F. Robb, in the\nvicinity of Blakeburn. The lease held by the late C. H. Jackson, covering the south\nhalf of Lot 88 and the southeast quarter of Lot 86, AYz miles southwest of Princeton,\nwas surrendered, and in its stead Coal Licence No. 124, covering only the south half of\nLot 88, was, on November 26th, issued to his son, Charles Jackson. No development\nwork was reported from Cliffview Colliery Limited at Enderby, nor from the White Lake\ncoalfield on which Coal Licences Nos. 67 and 68, covering 2 square miles, are held by\nJohn Lutin. Wilson Mining Corporation Limited did not renew title to eight coal leases\ncontaining a total of 4,336 acres in the southern part of the Princeton coalfield, but continues to hold Lease No. 38 covering 630 acres, in which is the Blue Flame mine. No\nwork was reported to have been done in the Hat Creek coal area, where Inland Resources\nCompany Limited hold Coal Licence No. 12, comprising 640 acres, as well as additional\ncoal lands that have been Crown granted.\nNo compensable accidents were reported, nor were there any prosecutions under the\n\" Coal-mines Regulation Act \" during the year. One dangerous occurrence took place\nwhen a fire completely destroyed the tipple at the portal of the Blue Flame No. 2 mine\non September 3rd.\nThe Similkameen Valley Mine Safety Association held its twenty-sixth annual\nfield-day competitions at Princeton on Saturday, June 2nd. The mine-rescue competition\nwas held in the forenoon at the Princeton Memorial Park, and the first-aid events were\nheld in the auditorium at the Princeton school. The mine-rescue event was won by the\nCumberland team, captained by W. High. A Copper Mountain team, captained by Luke\nKirby, won the mine-rescue competition at Cumberland on June 9th. This team placed\nsecond at the interprovincial mine-rescue competition at Nelson on September 8th.\nPrinceton (49\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W.)\nBlue Flame No. 2 mine.\u2014James Fairley, overman; Thomas Bry-\nTaylor Burson      den, fireboss.    This mine is about 10 miles by road south of\nCoal Company     Princeton and about half a mile west of the Hope-Princeton\nLimited Highway.   It was decided to discontinue development, and activi\nties were confined to the extraction of pillars in the No. 2 level COAL 215\nworkings. Due to the loss of the contract with the Granby Company, coal sales diminished to such an extent that the Taylor Burson Company discontinued production on\nMay 20th. The property was then taken over by former employees operating under the\nname of Blue Flame Colliery Limited. The extraction of pillar coal was continued on\na smaller scale, and the output was sold in the Princeton area. A fire, believed to be of\nspontaneous origin, totally destroyed the mine tipple on September 3rd. This was\nreplaced with a small bar-screen tipple, which was adequate for the reduced output.\nEighteen men were employed at the beginning of the year, but the number was later\nreduced to four.\nCoalmont (49\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W.)\nMullin's Strip Mine Ltd.\u2014Edward Mullin, manager, Princeton.\nBlakeburn Strip     This company holds three coal licences covering 2Yz square miles,\nMine which includes most of the area underlain by the abandoned work\nings of the former Coalmont Collieries Limited Nos. 3, 4, and 5\nmines at Blakeburn. They are about 5 miles by road from the railway at Coalmont.\nThe stripping of overburden and removal of coal continues to be confined to Lot 298,\nwhich overlies the old Blakeburn No. 3 mine. Overburden is shallow in this area, and\nthe coal removed is that remaining between the outcrop and the old workings. A D-8\nbulldozer is used to remove the overburden and the coal, and a TD-14 2-yard loader is\nused to load the coal, which is transported to the near-by tipple, where it is crushed and\nscreened. The entire production is trucked to the Granby Company's steam-electric\npower plant near Princeton and the steam heating plants at Allenby and Copper Mountain. Fifteen men were employed, including nine truck-drivers. Operations were continuous throughout the year, and 68,531 tons of coal was produced. The largest monthly\noutput was in November, when 7,613 tons was shipped.\nMerritt (50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W.)\nThis property, 1 mile south of Merritt, is operated by the owners,\nColdwater Coal     S.  Gerrard and partners.    Fireboss   (on permit),  S.  Gerrard.\nMines Activities were again confined to the Coldwater No. 5 mine and\nconsisted of splitting pillars and extracting remnants of coal left\nbetween the abandoned Middlesboro No. 5 mine and the surface, in the area adjacent\nto and west of the old water-tank and about 250 feet west of the portal of the old\nMiddlesboro No. 4 mine.   The seam is from 4 to 5 feet thick and includes two partings\nconsisting of 3 inches of bone and 1 inch of hard shale.   This is a coking coal.   The coal\nis blasted from the solid and is hand-loaded into cars which are hauled to the surface by\na small gasoline-driven hoist.    Ventilation is natural and is sufficient for this small\noperation.   No methane has been detected in the mine workings.   The total production\nin 1956 was 1,170 tons.    In December 137 tons was produced and three men were\nemployed.\nEAST KOOTENAY INSPECTION DISTRICT\nBy D. R. Morgan\nThe net production of coal from the East Kootenay District during 1956 was\n1,160,415 tons, an increase of 110,526 tons over the corresponding figure obtained in\n1955. There were two companies in operation, and their activities were confined to the\nCrowsnest Pass area. The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company, with mines at Michel and\nCoal Creek, produced 1,063,247 net tons, and Coleman Collieries Limited, operating\na large strip mine on the interprovincial boundary on Tent Mountain, produced 97,168\nnet tons. Most of the mines were in operation throughout the year, but the production\nof both companies was curtailed early in the year by the loss of a number of working-days\nowing to the state of the coal market. 216 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nThe accident record for the district in 1956 showed a slight improvement in the\nseverity rate, but there was an increase in the frequency rate or total number of accidents.\nSixteen serious accidents were reported under section 59 of the \" Coal-mines Regulation\nAct,\" four of which resulted in the deaths of four men. There was one fatality less than\nin 1955, but there were four more serious accidents. Two of the fatal accidents occurred\nat the surface operations at Michel Colliery, and the other two occurred underground at\nthe Elk River Colliery. Minor accidents which resulted in the loss of one or more days\ntotalled 331, of which 272 occurred in the underground workings and fifty-nine on the\nsurface. This was twenty-eight more than in 1955. All the accidents were investigated,\nand the serious accidents were classified as follows: Seven caused by falls of rock and\ncoal (including one fatal); seven involving haulage and machinery (including one fatal);\nand two while lowering railway cars on surface sidings (both fatal). Seven dangerous\noccurrences were reported from the various mines and were investigated, and are\ndescribed more fully under \"Dangerous Occurrences.\" No accidents or dangeerous\noccurrences were reported from the stripping operation on Tent Mountain.\nThe East Kootenay Mine Safety Association held a successful mine-rescue and\nfirst-aid competition at Chapman Camp, near Kimberley, on June 23rd, and it was well\nattended. Six teams from Fernie, Michel, and Kimberley entered the mine-rescue competitions, and the British Columbia Department of Mines shield was won by the Kimberley No. 1 team, captained by T. O. Bloomer. In the first-aid competitions there were\n110 entries, and the men's first-aid cup and shield were won by the Sullivan Mine No. 1\nteam from Kimberley, captained by A. Streich.\nT. G. Ewart, president, Fernie; Thomas Balmer, vice-president,\nThe Crow's Nest 305 Great Northern Railway Building, Seattle, Wash.; H. H.\nPass Coal Company Gardner, general manager, Fernie; James Littler, general super-\nLimited intendent, Fernie;  W. R. Prentice, secretary, Fernie;  R. A. Col-\nleaux, treasurer, Fernie. The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company\nLimited has conducted large-scale coal-mining operations in the East Kootenay District since 1897, and present operations include the Michel Colliery at Michel and the\nElk River Colliery at Coal Creek. The operations include both underground and opencast mining and are directed from a head office at Fernie. Most of the production is\nsold on the industrial market and a large amount is utilized for briquetting and coke-\nmaking.    A short description of the operations follows.\nMichel Colliery.\u2014(49\u00b0 114\u00b0 N.W.) William Chapman, manager; Irving\nMorgan, senior overman; Walter McKay, safety inspector. This colliery is situated on\nthe Crowsnest branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway, 24 miles east of Fernie. It is\nthe largest operation in the district and comprises extensive underground workings at\nMichel and a large stripping operation on Baldy Mountain, near Michel. It also includes\na modern briquette and by-product plant, which is located on the colliery-site. Five\nmines were in operation during 1956, in addition to the strip mines, and most of the\nproduction was obtained from those located in the \"A\" and \" B \" seams. Four of the\nmines have been developed from a pair of cross-measure rock tunnels driven into the\nsynclinal structure of the seams on the south side of Michel valley, and the other, \"A\"\nNorth mine, is being developed on the north side of the valley. Each mine is ventilated\nby a separate fan. The method of working, in general, is by the room-and-pillar system,\nand the pillars are extracted on the retreat. The chief motive power in use underground\nis compressed air, which is supplied by three electric and two steam-driven compressors\non the surface. Two other compressors also supply high-pressure air for operating compressed-air locomotives on the main haulage roadways in some of the mines. Both\nbattery and diesel locomotives are in use at the \"A\" North mine. Electricity is used in\nparts of some of the mines for operating conveyors and pumps on the main and secondary\nroadways and is used on a larger scale in the \"A\" North mine.   The production of coal COAL 217\nfrom all the mines is cleaned and treated for market at a modern preparation plant, a\ndescription of which is given in another part of this report.\nThe underground operations of the colliery are under the direct supervision of six\novermen and twenty-nine firebosses.\n\"A\" East Mine.\u2014William Gregory, overman; Frank McVeigh, Harry Saunders,\nDavid Thewlis, Sr., Frederick Nash, Gordon Murdoch, Robert Woods, and Andrew\nDavey, firebosses. This mine is operated in the \"A\" seam, and has been developed on\nthe eastern limb of the Michel syncline, to the left side of the rock tunnels. The seam\nvaries from 10 to 12 feet thick and dips at an average of 20 degrees in a southwesterly\ndirection. The coal is of good quality and is friable and gassy; the roof is weak and\nrequires careful attention for its support. The mine is worked on the room-and-pillar\nsystem, and the pillars are extracted on the retreat.\nUsually the coal in the rooms is mined by compressed-air picks, shortwall coalcutters, or is blasted off the solid by the use of millisecond delay detonators and loaded\nby duckbill conveyors or direct by hand on to conveyors. The pillars are extracted by\nthe shortwall method, and, as the coal is friable, pneumatic picks are used and only\noccasional shots are necessary. The coal from the pillars is loaded by hand on to shaker-\nconveyors and transferred to loading points in the rooms or levels by shaker, chain, and\nbelt conveyors. From these loading points the coal is hauled in trips of cars by compressed-air hoists to the main east level, and from there to the surface by compressed-\nair locomotives via the main rock tunnels.\nMost of the production in 1956 was obtained from two sections of workings known\nas No. 1 and No. 3 slope districts and the remainder from a small section of pillar workings above the main levels. The average daily production was 580 tons with 115 men\nemployed. No. 3 slope district has been in operation for many years, and the present\nactivities in the area are confined to the extraction of pillars. These are rapidly nearing\ncompletion, and only the pillars left for supporting the main slopes and a small section\nof workings below the No. 7 room that was developed to prolong the operations remain\nto be worked. The No. 1 slope district is located outby the No. 3 slope district and is\nbeing developed preparatory to completion of the latter district. The main slope has\nbeen driven to the base of the syncline, and rooms and pillars are being developed on\nboth limbs of the syncline. The extent of the workings on the inner or Sparwood limb\nof the syncline will be restricted, owing to the presence of the old \"A\" South workings\nto the rise. The conditions in general were found to be satisfactory in the mine during\nthe course of inspections, but considerable difficulties have been experienced from\nexcessive roof pressures causing breakage to timber supports at some of the lower workings in the No. 1 slope district. Minor difficulties were also experienced early in the\nyear in coursing the ventilation to the faces of the pillar-extraction working-places\non No. 7 room in the No. 3 slope district owing to the extensive gob areas which\nwere open.\nThe mine is ventilated by an electrically driven aerodyne fan which delivers 95,000\ncubic feet of air per minute to the workings at a 5.9-inch water-gauge. This quantity\nwas found to be sufficient for the requirements of the mine.\n\"A\" West Mine.\u2014Harry Corrigan, overman; Reginald Taylor, Robert Taylor,\nJames Walsh, John Mclnnis, Thomas Krall, Richard Hughes, William Cytko, Mario\nPettoello, Stanley Menduk, and Joseph Serek, firebosses. This mine is in the \"A\" seam\non the eastern limb of the Michel syncline. It is entered on the right side of the rock\ntunnels, and all the present workings are toward the outcrop. The seam is of good quality,\nranging in thickness from 10 to 28 feet and dipping at an angle ranging from 20 to 35\ndegrees in a westerly direction. It is worked by the room-and-pillar system, with all\nthe pillars being extracted on the retreat, and its layout is so arranged that most of the\nproduction is obtained along the strike of the seam.\n. 218 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES, 1956\nThe mine is the largest producer at the colliery, and most of the present workings\nare in the upper section of the mine, where the coal is 28 feet thick, and the pillars\nare extracted by the caving system. All the roadways in this area are driven on the\nfootwall of the seam and the top coal is supported by timber sets. The rooms are driven\nalong the strike of the seam at 45-foot centres, and during advancement the coal at the\nfaces of the rooms is mined by shortwall coal-cutters and then blasted. The coal at\nthe faces of the working-places advancing on the pitch is blasted off the solid by the use\nof millisecond delay detonators. During extraction of pillars the timber sets of the roadways are withdrawn and the top coal is allowed to fall or is blasted into the roadways.\nAll loading operations in the rooms during extraction of pillars are carried out by duckbill conveyors, and extension pans are provided to avoid exposure of the workmen under\nthe caved areas. The coal from the faces is transferred by a series of shaker, chain, and\nbelt conveyors to a central loading point on the main west level. All the production of the\nmine is loaded into cars at this point, and large trips are formed and taken out through\nthe main rock tunnel by compressed-air locomotives. The equipment at the mine is\ndriven by both compressed air and electricity, the use of electricity being confined to the\nconveyors on the main incline and secondary levels. The average daily production of\nthe mine in 1956 was 680 tons with a crew of 135 men.\nThe mine is ventilated by an electrically driven axivane fan which produces 65,000\ncubic feet of air per minute at a 3-inch water-gauge. This fan was formerly used for\nventilating the old No. 3 mine in No. 3 seam, but since the abandonment of those\nworkings in 1955 it has been utilized to ventilate the \"A\" West mine. This quantity has\nbeen found to be sufficient for the requirements of the present workings, and no trace\nof gas was found during the course of inspections. Other conditions were also found\nto be satisfactory in general, with the exception of a gob fire in the No. 3 left belt-road\nsection of the mine on July 20th, which is reported more fully under the heading of\n\"Dangerous Occurrences.\" The main inclines were driven to the surface during 1956,\nand these roadways now serve as second intake airways to the workings at the upper\nsection of the mine.\nUpper \"A\" South Mine.\u2014Vans H. Hulbert, overman; Roger Pasiaud, Joseph\nFortunasso, and Herbert Parsons, firebosses. This operation was commenced in October,\n1955, and it is intended to develop a mine in a large area of \"A\" seam between the\nabandoned \"A\" South mine workings and the outcrop of the seam. Entry to this area\nis to be made by means of two inclines which are being driven up the pitch in the underlying No. 1 seam and which will later be connected to the \"A\" seam by rock tunnels on\nreaching a point above the elevation of the old workings. The operation is on the west\nor Sparwood limb of the Michel syncline, and the seams pitch 35 to 40 degrees with an\ninterval of 175 feet between the two seams.\nConsiderable progress was made in 1956, and after driving a rock tunnel for 250\nfeet to meet the seam, the inclines were driven 850 feet. The coal in No. 1 seam is\n12 to 15 feet thick, and the roof is fairly strong. The roadways are supported by timber\nsets, and those on the main incline are being reinforced with roof bolts. All the coal\nat the faces is blasted off the solid with millisecond delay detonators and is transported\nby chutes and chain-conveyors to a central loading point at the bottom of one of the\ninclines.   The present production is 90 tons of coal per day with a crew of eighteen men.\nIt is expected the mine will develop into a large operation, and preparations are\nbeing made for the excavation of an underground bin at the bottom of the No. 1 incline\nthat will hold 650 tons of coal. The production of the mine will be conveyed to this\npoint and loaded into cars on the main tunnel below.\nElectricity was brought into the mine in 1956 to operate the conveyors and small\nhoists, and performance to date has been satisfactory. The mine is ventilated by the\nNo. 3 seam fan. COAL 219\n\"A \" North Mine. \u2014 John Whittaker, overman; Sidney Hughes, Henry Eberts,\nThomas Slee, and Ronald Saad, firebosses. This mine is in a development stage and is\noperated in the \"A\" seam on the north side of Michel valley, approximately half a mile\neast of the preparation plant.\nThe mine is being developed on a modified room-and-pillar system, and it is\nintended to extract pillars on both the advance and retreat. Present operations are confined to development work, and four companion levels are being driven along the strike\nof the seam. Off these main levels two inclines are being driven toward the outcrop\nand rooms are being developed from the inclines. The seam is 12 feet thick where\nnormal, and the dip varies from 15 to 20 degrees. The coal at all the faces in general\nis mined with pneumatic picks or is blasted off the solid by means of millisecond delay\naction detonators. It is loaded by hand on to shaker and chain conveyors and transferred to loading points on the main level, where it is loaded into 10-ton bottom-dumping\ncars and taken out of the mine by battery or diesel locomotives. Most of the equipment\nin the mine is operated by electricity and is of the permissible type. Compressed air,\nwhich is chiefly used for operating the pneumatic picks, is supplied by a portable compressor located inside the mine in the main intake airway.\nThe production of the mine in 1956 averaged 200 tons of coal per day with a crew\nof forty men. Progress was again hampered by the thinning of the seam and the presence of small faults at various points on the main levels and the inclines. These entailed\na great deal of rock work in maintaining sufficient height and width on the roadways\nfor the haulage. Two of the main levels were driven 1,500 feet during the year, and\nthe faces are now 4,000 feet from the portal of the mine. The other two levels are not\nso far advanced, one having only been started early in the year to provide access to the\nmine from the steel bridge that was built across the valley in 1955. This level will\neventually be used as the main haulage roadway, and all production from the mine will\nbe hauled to the preparation plant by locomotive. The entrance to the portal has been\nconcreted, and the level is supported by steel sets and roof bolts.\nDuring the latter part of 1956 considerable interest was taken in a new type of\ncontinuous miner that is being tested at the face of the above-mentioned level. The\nmachine is driven by a 75-horsepower electric motor and is designed to cut and load\nthe coal by means of a rotating barrel mounted on caterpillar tracks, with a trailer\nconveyor attached.\nThe mine is ventilated by an electric axivane fan which delivers 38,000 cubic feet\nof air per minute with a 0.5-inch water-gauge. This was found to be sufficient for the\npresent needs of the workings, and conditions in general were found to be satisfactory\nduring the course of inspections.\n\" B \" South Mine.\u2014William Davey, overman; Henry Batchelor, Robert Doratty,\nThomas Taylor, John Krall, and Paul Kusnir, firebosses. This mine is operated in the\n\" B \" seam on the western limb of the Michel syncline. The seam is 5Yz feet thick, is\nof excellent quality, and is overlain by a strong shale roof. The seam dips at an angle\nof 30 degrees and is worked by the room-and-pillar system, with the pillars being\nextracted on the retreat.\nThe mine has been one of the major operations for many years and comprises two\ndistricts, one being known as the \" B \" South Level district, which includes all the workings to the rise side of the main levels, and \" B \" South Slope district, which is located\non the dip side of the levels. A description of the layout and method of working the\ndistricts is included in past Annual Reports.\nExtraction of the pillars in the No. 3 raise panel of the \" B \" South Level district\nwas completed in October, 1956, and the activities in this district are now confined to\nthe extraction of pillars left from former workings. These are scattered and comprise\na few remaining pillars left in the No. 3 incline section and some pillars above the old 220 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nwest level. Considerable work has been done in reopening the old No. 3 incline roadway, and it is intended to bring the production from that area by rope haulage.\nIn the \" B \" South Slope district, activities were confined to the No. 3 slope section\nand a small area of coal that was extracted near the abandoned face of the main south\nlevel. The No. 3 slope was extended to its ultimate distance, and an area of coal has\nbeen developed below the No. 5 room. Extraction of pillars above the No. 5 room\nwas completed early in 1956.\nThe conditions in general were found to be fairly good during the course of inspections, with the exception of one period when difficulties were experienced by the increased\nissue of gas from the coal near a large fault, on the return side of the workings below\nthe No. 5 room in the slope district. These difficulties were overcome by enlarging a\nsection of the return airway to increase the quantity of ventilation. Difficulties were\nalso experienced in maintaining sufficient height on the roadways in the No. 3 raise\nsection of the \" B \" South Level district following extensive pillar extraction before\noperations in that area were completed.\nClosure of the No. 3 raise section has reduced the size of the operation considerably, but the mine continued to be one of the major producers at the colliery at an\naverage daily output of 450 tons of coal in 1956 with a crew of ninety men.\nThe mine is ventilated by an axivane fan which delivers 72,000 cubic feet of air\nper minute at a 3.2-inch water-gauge; at present 43,000 cubic feet is directed to the\nslope workings and the remainder to the incline workings.\nIn 1956, 104,250 pounds of Monobel No. 4, 5,950 tons of CXL-ite, and 100,820\nelectric detonators were used at the colliery for coal and rock blasting. Fifteen misfired\nshots were reported.\nThree hundred and eighty-four tons of limestone dust were used for application to\nthe roadways at the various mines to minimize the coal-dust hazard and for tamping\nshots. Monthly mine-dust samples were taken at all the mines and analysed. All the\nsamples were above the minimum requirements of incombustible content.\nMonthly examinations were made by the miners' inspection committees at all the\nmines, and a regular meeting was held at the colliery office each month by the pit safety\ncommittee. All the report books kept at the various mines in accordance with the\n\" Coal-mines Regulation Act\" were examined periodically and found to be in order.\nBaldy Mountain Strip Mines.\u2014William Chapman, manager; C. M. Matson,\nforeman. The coal-stripping operations of The Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited are on Baldy Mountain, where some very thick seams outcrop on the mountainside.\nTwo open pits were in operation during 1956, and activities were carried out by Mannix\nLtd., of Calgary, on a contract basis.   The pits are known as the No. 4a and No. 3 pits.\nOperations in the No. 4a pit were completed early in the year, and a description\nof the pit is included in the 1955 Annual Report. Since completion of the pit, activities\nhave been confined to the No. 3 pit, which is at a lower elevation and to the south of\nthe No. 4a pit. Operations were commenced in this pit in 1955. The coal is 45 feet\nthick and is of fairly good quality, although some sections of the seam have inferior\ncoking qualities. The overburden is removed to the ratio of 2 to 1 and has been taken\nback to a predetermined cut line which provides a slope ranging from 45 to 50 degrees\non the wall above the pit. Extraction of coal is along the strike of the seam, and the\ncoal is loaded by power-shovels into 15-ton trucks which haul it to the preparation plant.\nThe production is governed by the output of the underground mines and requirements\nof the market, and is usually more than 1,000 tons per day.\nConditions were found to be satisfactory during the course of inspections.\nBy-product Plant.\u2014This plant is operated on the colliery-site at Michel, and a\ndescription of the plant is included in the 1954 Annual Report. The Curran Knowles\novens were in operation throughout the year and produced 163,686 tons of coke.   More COAL\n221\nthan seventy of the bee-hive ovens, the use of which was discontinued in 1952, were\nput back into operation for a few months and produced 8,948 tons of coke.\nPeriodic inspections were made, and the conditions were found to be satisfactory.\nBriquette Plant.\u2014This plant is adjacent to the preparation plant at Michel Colliery, and was first in production in 1954. The operation of the plant is governed by\nthe number of days worked by the mines. The production of briquettes in 1956 was\n188,355 tons, an increase of 21,527 tons from the 1955 production. A description of\nthe plant is included in the 1954 Annual Report.\nElk River Colliery.\u2014(49\u00b0 114\u00b0 S.W.) James E. Morris, manager. This colliery is operated in Coal Creek valley, 4 miles east of Fernie. It comprises five mines\noperating in four seams, the mines being driven from the outcrops of the respective seams\non the south side of the valley. The mines are entered at various elevations on the\nmountainside, but all production is brought to the same surface landing and is treated\nat a modern preparation plant on the colliery-site. The colliery is connected to the\nCrowsnest branch of the Canadian Pacific Railway at Fernie by a branch line operated\nby the Michel, Fernie and Morrisey Railway, a subsidiary company of The Crow's Nest\nPass Coal Company Limited. No alterations were made on the surface plants and buildings during 1956, and a description of the preparation plant is included in the 1954\nAnnual Report.\nThe underground operations are under the supervision of three overmen and fifteen\nfirebosses, and a description of the operations follows.\nNo. 1 East Mine.\u2014Arnold Webster, overman; Leonard Brett, Eric Singleton, and\nRonald White, firebosses. This mine is operated in the No. 10 seam, which is the uppermost seam now being worked. It is the oldest operation at the colliery and once formed\npart of the old Coal Creek Colliery before that operation closed down in 1943. Most\nof the older workings have now been abandoned, and present activities are confined to\nthe extraction of a small area of coal left between the old No. 1 East workings and a\nbarrier pillar in the old No. 1 South workings.\nThe mine is operated by the room-and-pillar system and produces an average output\nof 375 tons per day with a crew of seventy-five men. The thickness of the coal ranges\nfrom 12 to 25 feet, of which the top 12 feet is worked under the roof of strong shale. The\ncoal is of good quality and friable, and is worked by pneumatic picks, no shot-firing being\nnecessary. Both development and extraction of pillars are in progress, and the coal at\nthe faces is loaded directly on to cars which are hauled by horses to the partings near the\nmain slope. From the partings the cars are hauled in six-car trips to the new portal by\na 100-horsepower electric hoist on the surface and lowered to the No. 4 landing, from\nwhere they are taken in large trips to the preparation plant by steam locomotive.\nThe conditions in general were found to be fairly good during the course of inspections, but considerable difficulties are experienced on some sections of roadways through\nbreakage of timber supports; this is usually due to heaving of the floor as a result of\nroof pressures on the adjacent pillars. Indications of gob heating were found in the\nNo. 3 room west section of the mine on February 13th, and is reported in more detail\nunder \" Dangerous Occurrences.\" This necessitated sealing from the remainder of the\nmine a small area of the workings which is not likely to be reopened.\nThe mine is ventilated by an electrically driven Sirocco double-inlet fan which\ndelivers 45,000 cubic feet of air per minute at a 2-inch water-gauge. This quantity was\nfound to be sufficient for the present requirements of the workings.\nNo. 9 Mine.\u2014Daniel Chester, overman; Albert Littler, Ralph Larner, William\nWaller, Harry Miller, Henry O'Neil, and Louis Sclippa, firebosses.\nThis mine is operated in the No. 9 seam and is entered by means of four levels and\na slope, driven from the outcrop, at a high elevation on the mountainside. It is a large\nmine, worked on the room-and-pillar system, and the workings have been developed on 222 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nboth the rise and dip side of the main levels. The coal is of excellent quality and is\nnormally 9 feet thick; the seam pitches at 15 degrees and is overlain by a hard sandstone\nroof. During development considerable irregularities of the seam have been encountered\nover the past few years and have restricted further development. The present activities\nare confined to the extraction of pillars formed in past workings.\nDespite difficulties the mine continues to be one of the larger producers at the colliery, and at the end of 1956 averaged 475 tons of coal per day with 100 men employed.\nMost of the production was obtained from pillar extraction in the No. 1 and No. 5 slope\nsections, where the slopes have been advanced into a portion of the old No. 2 mine\nworkings to prolong the life of the present mine. Extraction of the pillars in that area\nfrom the No. 5 slope is rapidly nearing completion, and only the pillars left to support\nthe slope remain to be worked. In the No. 1 slope, however, development is continuing\nwith a view to extracting two large pillars left in the old workings. The coal throughout\nthe mine is cut by pneumatic picks and occasionally blasted off the solid. It is hand-\nloaded on to conveyors and transferred to loading points on the levels or rooms by chain,\nbelt, or shaker conveyor, where it is loaded into trips of cars. From the loading points\nit is hauled by compressed-air hoists to the main level and taken out of the mine by diesel\nlocomotive. On No. 1 slope, which has been driven from the surface as a separate entry,\nthe coal is loaded from the conveyors into 10-ton bottom-dumping cars which are hauled\nup the slope by a 300-horsepower electric hoist on the surface. The cars are unloaded\non a ramp outside the mine, and the coal is conveyed by a short belt-conveyor to a retarding conveyor, which transports the entire production of the mine down the mountainside\nto the preparation plant.\nThe mine is ventilated by two separate ventilation systems. In the No. 1 slope\nsection the present ventilation is by means of a Sheldon centrifugal fan which produces\n26,000 cubic feet of air per minute at a 0.6-inch water-gauge to that section of workings.\nThis fan was installed in February to replace the axivane fan that was damaged by a\nsnowslide. The other part of the mine is ventilated by an axivane fan which delivers\n56,000 cubic feet of air per minute at a 5.2-inch water-gauge. These quantities were\nfound to be sufficient for the requirements of the mine, and conditions were found to be\nsatisfactory during the course of inspections. Small quantities of gas were found on a\nfew occasions at some of the working-places but were usually due to defective bratticing,\nand remedial steps were taken on each occasion.\nNo. 4 Mine.\u2014James Brown, assistant overman. This is a small operation that\nis being worked in the No. 4 seam. A description of the method of working it is included\nin the 1955 Annual Report. During 1956 it was idle for the greater part of the year\nbecause the coal was unsuitable for the existing market, but the roadways are being kept\nunder repair and the mine will be ready for production when required.\nThe workings are ventilated by an electrically driven Sirocco fan which delivers\n35,000 cubic feet of air per minute at a 0.3-inch water-gauge.\nNo. 3 Mine.\u2014James Anderson, overman; Roger Girou, Kenneth Kniert, and James\nBrown, firebosses. This mine is operated in No. 3 seam, which is the lowest being worked\nat the present time. The seam is 17 feet thick where normal and is considerably thicker\nat the inner end of the main levels. The average pitch of the seam is 20 degrees, and\nonly the top 10 feet is worked. The coal is friable and is mined by pneumatic picks,\nonly occasional shots being necessary. It is very gassy, and a large volume of air is\nrequired to dilute the gases effectively.\nThe mine is operated by the room-and-pillar system, and the workings have been\ndeveloped to both the dip and rise side of the main levels. Further development, however, has been stopped due to the quality of the coal and the presence of faults, and\npresent activities are now confined to the extraction of pillars on the retreat. This has\nreduced the size of the operation considerably and will continue to do so until pillar\nextraction is completed.   During 1956 the average daily output was 250 tons with a COAL 223\ncrew of forty-five men, and most of the production was obtained from the No. 5 slope\nsection, where pillars were being extracted from the No. 5 and No. 6 rooms on the right\nside of the slope. Extraction from this area was completed in September, and since\nthat time activities have been confined to the No. 4 and No. 5 incline sections. The\ncoal is mined by pneumatic picks and loaded on to conveyors which carry it to loading\npoints on the main level, from which it is taken from the mine in cars by battery\nlocomotive.\nThe conditions in general were found to be satisfactory during the course of inspections. In the incline sections considerable difficulties are experienced from the presence\nof faults, and great care must be taken in supporting the roof. Mining conditions in\nthe No. 5 slope sections were found to be more favourable during 1956, and no difficulties were experienced by outbursts of gas as in the past few years.\nThe mine is ventilated by an electrically driven aerodyne fan which normally\ndelivered 80,000 cubic feet of air per minute at a 2.5-inch water-gauge. Following the\ncompletion of the No. 5 slope district, the capacity of the fan was decreased, and it now\ndelivers 45,000 cubic feet of air per minute at a 0.7-inch water-gauge. These quantities\nwere found to be sufficient for the requirements of the mine, although minor difficulties\nwere experienced on a few occasions in the slope district in directing sufficient ventilation to some of the working-places where extensive gob areas were open.\nNo. 1 Mine.\u2014James Anderson, overman; Michael Tymchuk, Brindley Morris,\nand William Verkerk, firebosses. This is a new operation commenced in August, 1956,\nto develop a mine in the No. 10 seam adjacent to the old No. 1 East mine workings.\nIt is expected to become a fairly large operation, and present activities are centred on\ndriving a main slope on the pitch of the seam from outside. The slope was driven 500\nfeet, and conditions appear to be favourable, although at present an influx of surface\nwater at the face of the slope creates some difficulties. The heading is ventilated by a\nsmall auxiliary fan equipped with metal tubing for conducting the air to the face, but\nlater a connection will be made to the surface for a return airway. Haulage of the coal\nfrom the face is by a compressed-air hoist on the surface, and the cars are lowered to a\nparting on the elevation of the No. 4 level.\nDuring 1956, 3,309 pounds of Monobel No. 4, 258 pounds of CXL-ite, and 4,855\nelectric detonators were used at all the mines of the colliery in coal and rock blasting.\nNo misfired shots were reported.\nTo neutralize the coal dust, 209 tons of limestone dust was applied to the underground roadways of the mine and used in shot-firing. Monthly mine-dust samples were\ncollected from the mines and analysed. All the samples were above the minimum\nrequirements of incombustible dust.\nMonthly inspections were made at all the mines by the miners' inspection committee, and a copy of each inspection report was forwarded to the office of the District\nInspector through the courtesy of the committee members. Meetings were held at the\ncolliery office each month by the safety committees. All report books kept at the various\nmines in accordance with the \" Coal-mines Regulation Act\" were examined regularly\nand were found in order.\n(49\u00b0  114\u00b0 N.W.)    D. B. Young, general manager, Coleman,\nColeman Collieries Alta.;  J. C. Shearer, strip-mine manager.   This company directs\nLimited a large stripping operation on the interprovincial boundary on\nTent Mountain, near Corbin, and access to the property is made\nby means of a private road leading from the No. 3 highway near the Crowsnest lakes, in\nAlberta. Most of the operation is in Alberta, but a large quantity of coal has been\nproduced in British Columbia where the seams extend over the border.\nActivities in 1956 were confined to the No. 2 pit, where a large deposit of coal is in\nthe form of a synclinal basin. The thickness of the seam varies, but information obtained\nby several diamond-drill holes indicates that in some places it is over 100 feet thick. 224 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nThe overburden has been removed during the past two years, and present operations are\nconfined to the loading of coal. This is done with power-shovels, and the coal is transported by 15-ton-capacity trucks to the company's preparation plant at Coleman. Conditions during the course of inspections were found to be satisfactory.\n(50\u00b0 114\u00b0 S.W.)    Utah Co. of the Americas carried out an explo-\nFording River      ration programme in the Fording River area in 1956 following the\nArea grant of coal licences covering Lots 6728 to 6742, inclusive, 6745,\nand 6748 to 6758, inclusive.   A camp was set up in the vicinity of\nEwin Creek in June to accommodate a party of men, and a geological survey was made of\nthe whole area.   Various points on the outcrops of nine seams were exposed on Todhunter\nRidge, and seven seams on the northwest side of Bear Mountain.   Roadways were cleared\nby bulldozer to obtain access to both places, and prospect tunnels were being driven in\nsix of the seams on Todhunter Ridge when the camp was closed due to snow at the end\nof October.\nThis area was prospected to a large extent nearly-fifty years ago by the Imperial\nCoal Company, and a report of the various seams is included in the 1909 Minister of\nMines Annual Report.\nNORTHERN INSPECTION DISTRICT\nBy A. R. C. James\nThe coal mines of the Northern District produced a total of 13,195 tons of coal in\n1956, a very substantial reduction from the 1955 output. This may be attributed entirely\nto the loss of the important Columbia Cellulose contract by Bulkley Valley Collieries\nLimited in August, 1955. Since the loss of this contract, due to a change-over to oil, the\nmarket for Telkwa coal has been restricted mainly to domestic heating in communities\nalong the line of the Canadian National Railway between Burns Lake and Terrace.\nThe two operating mines in the Hudson Hope area of the Peace River district show\na small increase in output over 1955. Local demand for coal was reported to be quite\nstrong toward the end of the year. The principal markets in this area are the army camp\nat Fort Nelson, which consumes up to 2,000 tons of stoker coal a year, and the Department of Transport installations at Fort St. John airport, which use 500 tons or more of\ncoal a year. Outlying schools and farms also use a small amount of coal, and the drill\nrigs in the Fort St. John gasfield are at present large consumers of coal for heating\npurposes in winter drilling operations.\nNo accidents or dangerous occurrences were reported from the coal mines of this\ndistrict during 1956.\nTelkwa (54\u00b0 127\u00b0 N.E.)\nCompany office, Telkwa.    F. M. Dockrill, president; A. H. Dock-\nBulkley Valley     rill, superintendent; F. Bond and L. Gething, firebosses.   This is\nCollieries Limited   a private company mining coal on a royalty basis on property\ncomprising six Crown-granted lots, Nos. 388 to 392 and No. 401.\nThe property is on Goat Creek, a tributary of the Telkwa River about 7 miles southeast\nof Telkwa.   The mine is connected by a good road with the Canadian National Railway\nand Highway No. 16 at Telkwa.\nThe total production in 1956 was 8,553 tons, only one-third of the 1955 production.\nAs mentioned above, the reduction is attributable to the loss by the company of the\nimportant Columbia Cellulose contract in August, 1955. Previous to that date the\nColumbia Cellulose Company took the whole annual output of Bulkley Valley Collieries\nLimited, amounting to 36,000 to 42,000 tons per year. Since the loss of the contract\nthe company has been largely restricted to supplying the domestic market in those\ncommunities along the line of the Canadian National Railway between (and including) COAL 225\nBurns Lake and Terrace. Average daily production in the winter months has been about\n60 tons with a crew of sixteen men underground and five on the surface. The No. 4 mine\nwas in operation 155.4 days in 1956, and was closed from March 31st to August 5th.\nThe No. 4 mine, which is the present operating mine, is on Lot 401, on the west\nbank of Goat Creek. The seam being worked is from 6 feet to 6 feet 8 inches thick\nand, except for irregular thin lenses of pyritic material, the seam section consists of clean\ncoal. It is overlain by a thick bed of strong grey shale. The coal measures strike in\na northerly direction and dip eastward at 5 degrees. As developed up to the present\ntime, the mine broadly comprises two parallel main entries driven up dip on the seam\nin a westerly direction for 850 feet. At a point 500 feet from the portal, two levels, set\noff from the right main entry at 50-foot centres, have been driven 1,250 feet in a northwesterly direction. A series of rooms has been driven at 50-foot centres for a distance\nof 250 feet up dip from the levels, the coal between the rooms being extracted on the\nretreat. Several small faults were encountered at the inby end of the levels, and these\nwere accompanied by \" slabby \" and difficult roof conditions. Consequently, when the\nmine resumed production at the end of August, it was decided to abandon the inner\n500-foot length of the levels and withdraw all conveyors and machinery. This was\ndone, and in December a pair of semi-longwall faces were opened up 200 feet down dip\nfrom the left-hand level, and these are now being mined on the retreat toward the level.\nOne face is 50 and the other 100 feet long. The coal is undercut by coal-cutting machine\nand is blasted with the aid of short-period delay detonators. It is then hand-loaded on to\nscraper chain-conveyors. Transportation of the coal from face to tipple is done entirely\nby conveyors, the main conveyors being of the troughed-belt type.\nThe coal is screened with a Tyler Tyrock three-deck vibrating screen. Four sizes\nof coal are produced for sale\u2014namely, lump, egg, nut, and stoker. The bunker capacity\nis 230 tons and comprises five bins.\nConditions in the mine were usually found to be satisfactory in the course of\ninspections. No accidents were reported. No methane was detected during inspections.\nThe mine is ventilated by a 30-inch Sirocco axial-flow fan which circulates approximately\n10,000 cubic feet of air per minute.\nPeace River (56\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E.)\nQuentin F. (King) Gething, operator and fireboss.   This property\nKing Gething       is on Lot 1039, on the southeastern slope of Portage Mountain;\nMines it is 12 miles by road from Hudson Hope and 72 miles from Fort\nSt. John. The mine was described in detail in the 1954 Annual\nReport. In 1956 it operated in the six fall and winter months as in previous years.\nMining has been confined to the upper level, which has now been driven 700 feet from\nthe portal. Two rooms are being driven updip from the upper level at 50-foot centres.\nOne of the rooms, 330 feet back from the face of the upper level, is being driven through\nto surface to provide additional ventilation. The total amount of development work\ncompleted in 1956 amounted to about 270 feet. Total production was 1,537 tons. In\nDecember a crew of four men was employed and daily production was about 15 tons.\nConditions were usually found to be satisfactory in the course of inspections. No\nmethane was detected.   No accidents were reported.\nCompany office, Fort St. John. E. B. Summer, operator and fire-\nReschke Coal Ltd.   boss.   This property is at about 2,600 feet elevation on the steep\nsouthern end of a spur of Butler Ridge, 1 mile north of the Peace\nRiver. It is 23 miles by road from Hudson Hope and 83 miles from Fort St. John. The\nseam at present being worked is 4 feet thick and dips at 46 degrees due west. Both roof\nand floor of the seam are a silty shale.\n8 226 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nThe mine has been developed from two parallel adit levels driven due north along\nthe strike of the seam from the outcrop. The lower level is the main haulage level, and\nthe upper level, until it was abandoned in March, 1956, provided a return airway and\nsecond exit. The latter was 330 feet updip from the lower level. The lower level was\ndriven 127 feet during the year, and the face of the level is now 1,257 feet from the portal.\nThe coal is mined from a series of 3 0-foot-wide rooms set off from the lower level\nat 50-foot centres and driven up the full dip of the seam to connect with the upper level.\nPillars of coal 15 feet wide are left between the rooms to support the roof. Twenty-two\nrooms have been worked out to the upper level, and Nos. 23 and 24 rooms are now\nbeing worked. The No. 20 room was continued updip to the surface and broke through\non March 13th 825 feet updip from the bottom level. This room has now been fitted up\nas a manway and ventilation raise, and the upper level has been abandoned. The coal\nseam was found to be of uniform thickness and quality throughout the whole length of\nthe raise, and a considerable reserve of coal has thus been blocked out.\nThe coal is blasted off the solid, using millisecond delay detonators, and is transported by gravity chutes into cars on the main level. The mine was in production six\nmonths in 1956, and some development work was done during the summer months.\nProduction was 3,105 tons. In November a crew of six men was employed, and the\naverage daily production was about 25 tons. Conditions were usually found to be\nsatisfactory in the course of inspections, and no methane was detected. No accidents\nwere reported. Inspection of Electrical Equipment and Installations at\nMines, Quarries, and Oil and Gas Wells\nBy L. Wardman, Electrical Inspector of Mines\nCONTENTS\n:tric Power  \t\nPage\n       227\nLode Mines                            _        \t\n                 227\nPlacer Mines        _   _ _         __          ._.\n                 228\nNon-metallic Mines and Quarries__ _   _       \t\n       228\nCoal Mines           .\n     _       229\nWell Drilling Rigs         _   _   \t\n     _   _             229\nR El.F.r.TRTCAL INSTALLATIONS                 _             \t\n229\nELECTRIC POWER\nIn 1956 electric power was used by forty-five mining companies in operations at\nthirty mills, thirty-seven lode mines, two placer mines, two non-metallic mineral mines,\nsix collieries, which includes three coal-cleaning plants, and one coking plant. Electric\npower was also used at seven quarries for loading, crushing, separating, and conveying\nmaterials. Twenty-five drilling rigs using electric power for lighting and driving motors\nwere used in drilling operations on seventy-nine wells. Sixty of these wells were\ncompleted.\nLode Mines\nThe kva. generating capacity of privately owned power plants at those mines which\nwere operating in 1956 was as follows:\u2014\nGenerator Kva.\nPrime Mover Capacity\nSteam turbines  17,500\nDiesel engines  14,830\nWater-wheels   13,550\nTotal  45,880\nThe electric power produced by these plants was approximately 139,876,402\nkilowatt-hours during 1955. These figures are approximate because many of the small\npower plants are not equipped with recording meters and, therefore, the power generated\nat these plants was estimated. Power purchased from public utilities amounted to\n103,533,996 kilowatt-hours. The power which was obtained by The Consolidated\nMining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, from its generating division amounted\nto 92,335,892 kilowatt-hours. The total amount of power used in the Province for\nmining purposes was 335,746,290 kilowatt-hours.\nPower produced for direct mechanical application amounted to 7,720 horsepower\nand was produced as follows:\u2014\n227 228 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nPrime Mover Horsepower\nDiesel engines  5,225\nWater-wheels   1,560\nGasoline engines       935\nTotal  7,720\nThe connected load for 1956 at operating lode mines and mills has increased by\n4,178 horsepower over that for 1955. This increase is due to the building of three new\nmills and the addition of equipment at other properties. The connected load for 1956\nat those properties which were in operation was approximately as follows:\u2014\nEquipment Horsepower\nHoists   7,107\nScraper hoists   5,814\nVentilating fans  4,426\nPumps    4,349\nRectifiers and M.G. sets  8,975\nAir compressors  18,553\nCrushing equipment  10,409\nSink float   1,048\nMilling and concentrating equipment  43,971\nConveyor systems  945\nWorkshop equipment  2,771\nMiscellaneous equipment  10,070\nTotal   118,438\nFor surface and underground haulage there were in use 138 battery locomotives,\n102 trolley locomotives, and 8 diesel locomotives.\nPlacer Mines\nElectric power was used at three placer mines.    The generating capacity was as\nfollows:\u2014\nKva.\nDiesel-engine-driven generators   147\nHydro-electric   600\nTotal   747\nThe connected load was as follows:\u2014 Horsepower\nShaft hoists     40\nVentilating fans        8\nMine pumps     10\nAir compressors     75\nTrommel screens      10\nMiscellaneous        5\nTotal   148\nNon-metallic Mines and Quarries\nElectric power was used at seven quarries for loading, crushing, separating, and\nconveying materials. INSPECTION OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT 229\nCoal Mines\nThere was no change in the number of collieries using electric power in 1956.\nThe distribution of electric power was as follows:\u2014\nSurface\nHorsepower\nCompressed air  5,775\nVentilation   1,105\nHoisting  1,100\nHaulage   318\nCoal washing and screening  3,089\nPumping   515\nBriquetting    642\nCoke production  1,222\nMiscellaneous   709\nTotal   14,475\nUnderground\nVentilation   24\nHoisting  7 6\nHaulage   123\nPumping   310\nCoal-cutters   100\nConveyors  565\nCompressors   200\nMiscellaneous         14\nTotal     1,412\nTotal for surface and underground  15,887\nFive permissible battery locomotives and three permissible diesel locomotives were\nin use underground.\nWell Drilling Rigs\nTwenty-five drilling rigs were operated in 1956. Seventy-nine wells were operated\nduring the year. Sixty-one wells were completed; of these, thirty-five were gas wells,\neight were oil wells, three were suspended, fifteen were abandoned, and eighteen were\ndrilling at the end of the year.\nAn outline of the electrical equipment normally used on the drilling rigs is given\nin the 1955 Annual Report.\nThe rugged use to which this equipment is subjected and the frequent assembly,\ndisassembly, and moving of the equipment cause considerable damage to the lighting\nfixtures and cables. However, there has been a general improvement in maintenance\nduring the past two years, and less damaged equipment was found on the rigs during\nrecent inspections.\nMINE ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS\nNotes on electrical installations at mines are printed for separate distribution and\nare not included in this Report.  LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 231\nBRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF MINES\nLIST OF PUBLICATIONS\nThe publications listed are available for distribution except as noted. Recent publications for which no charge is made may be obtained from the Department's offices at\nVictoria and Nelson, and from the office of the Geological Survey of Canada, 739 West\nHastings Street, Vancouver.\nPAYMENT FOR PUBLICATIONS\nIf payment is required, application for a publication should be made to the Department of Mines, Victoria, B.C., and should be accompanied by the proper sum. Sales tax\nof 5 per cent is payable on charge items sent to British Columbia addresses. This sales\ntax is not applied on items sent outside British Columbia, but a mailing charge of 10 cents\nis made.\nAnnual Reports and Bulletins\nBulletins and Annual Reports are distributed free of charge, with a limit of one copy\nto an applicant until the free stock has been exhausted. Thereafter distribution is from\nreserve stock on payment of the charge listed. Under special circumstances duplicate\ncopies may be supplied from the free stock. If so a charge of $1.25 per copy will be\nmade for a bulletin or paper-bound Annual Report, and the charge for a cloth-bound\nAnnual Report will be increased by $1.25.\nIf more than two nominally free publications are requested, the applicant should\nremit 50 cents for each publication in excess of two.\nIndexes\nNo. 1.\u2014Index to Annual Reports of the Minister of Mines of British Columbia for the\nyears 1874 to 1936, inclusive.    (By H. T. Nation.)    Cloth bound, $2.\nNo. 2.\u2014Index to Annual Reports of the Minister of Mines, 1937-43, and Bulletins Nos.\n1-17.   (By H. T. Nation.)   Cloth-bound copies, $1 each.\nNo. 3.\u2014Index to Publications of the British Columbia Department of Mines, Annual\nReports of the Minister of Mines, 1937 to 1953, and Bulletins Nos. 1 to 35. (Tables\nlisting the recorded production of lode-metal mines and the occurrences of metals\nin lode deposits are appended.) Paper bound, $2; cloth bound, $4.50; tables\nseparately, 50 cents.\nIndex No. 3 incorporates corrections to the 1874-1936 index and replaces the\n1937-1943 index.\nNOTICES RE PUBLICATIONS\nApplications are invited from those who wish to receive notices when new publications become available. 232\nREPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nANNUAL REPORTS\nIf neither an asterisk nor a price is entered, the report for that year is not available\nfor distribution.\nYear\nPaper\nBound\nCloth\nBound\nYear\nPaper\nBound\nCloth\nBound\nYear\nPaper\nBound\nCloth\nBound\n1874-1917 \t\n1930 \t\n1931\t\n$1.00\n1.75\n1.00\n1.00\n1.00\n1.00\n1.00\n1.00\n1943\n*\n*\n*\n*\n*\n*\n*\n*\n1918     \t\n750\n\t\n1944\n$1.00\n1919   . \t\n1932\t\n1945\u2014.\t\n1946\n1.00\n1920     \t\n750\n1933\t\n*\n75(f\n*\nC1)\nO)\nC1)\n*\n*\n*\n*\n1.00\n1921    \t\n1934\t\n1947.\t\n1948 \t\n1949 . .  .\n1.00\n1922\t\n1935. \t\n1.00\n1923   \t\n750\n1936... \t\n1937\t\n1938 _\t\n1.00\n1924    \t\n1950\n1.00\n1925     \t\n1951\t\n1952\t\n1953...\t\n1954  .\n1955\t\n1956  .\n1.00\n1926\n1939- _ _\n3.50\n1927\n*\n*\n*\n1940.\t\n1941\t\n1.00\n*\n1.00\n*\n3.50\n1928   \t\n2.50\n1929     \t\n1942 \t\n3.50\n2.50\n1 Parts A to F, bound separately in paper, are available (free) for the years 1936, 1937, and 1938. Part G,\n\" Inspection of Mines,\" is not available for these years.\nNote.\u2014Since 1952 the Lode Metals section and the Statistical and Introductory section have been published as\nseparate reprints of the Annual Report. For 1956 the Notes on Electrical Installations at Mines are printed as a\nseparate pamphlet and are not included in the Annual Report.   These separate publications are free of charge.\nBULLETINS, OLD SERIES\nBulletin No. 2, 1918: Bumps and Outbursts of Gas.   (By George S. Rice.)\nBulletin No. 2, 1919:  The Commercial Feasibility of Electric Smelting of Iron Ores in\nBritish Columbia.   (By Alfred Stansfield.)\nBulletin No. 2, 1932:  Report on McConnell Creek Placer Area.   (By Douglas Lay.)\nMISCELLANEOUS\nSpecial Reports on Coal-mine Explosions. (By George Wilkinson, Thomas Graham, and\nJames Ashworth.)    1918.   Out of print.\nReport on Snowflake and Waverley-Tangier Mineral Properties. (By J. D. Galloway.)    1928.\nReport on Mineral Properties of the Goldside Mining Company. (By B. T. O'Grady.)\n1935.   Out of print.\nElementary Geology Applied to Prospecting. (By John F. Walker.) Revised, 1955.\n65 cents;  outside British Columbia, 75 cents.\nPossibilities for Manufacture of Mineral Wool in British Columbia. (By J. M. Cum-\nmings.)    1937.\nLode-gold Deposits of the Zeballos Area.    (By J. S. Stevenson.)    1938.   Out of print.\nPreliminary Investigations into Possibilities for Producing Silica Sand from British Columbia Sand Deposits.    (By J. M. Cummings.)    1941.\nIron Ores of Canada: Vol. 1, British Columbia and Yukon. (By G. A. Young and W. L.\nUglow, Geological Survey, Canada, Department of Mines.)    1926.\nSynopses of Mining Laws.\n* Only two reports or bulletins for which no charge is shown may be supplied free;    a\ncharge of 50 cents is made for each publication in excess of two. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS\n233\nBULLETINS, SERIES STARTING IN 1940\nBulletin No. 11: Fraser River Tertiary Drainage-history in Relation to Placer-gold Deposits.   II.    (By Douglas Lay.)*\nBulletin No. 12: Reconnaissance in the Area of Turnagain and Upper Kechika Rivers.\n(By M. S. Hedley and Stuart S. Holland.)   75 cents.\nBulletin No. 13:  Supplementary Report on Bedwell River Area.    (By H. Sargent.)    75\ncents.\nBulletin No. 14: Coal Analyses of British Columbia.    (By James Dickson.)*\nBulletin No. 18: Specimens and Samples\u2014Their Treatment and Use.    (By Officers of\nthe Department.) *\nBulletin No. 19: The Tuya-Teslin Area, Northern British Columbia.   (By K. DeP. Watson and W. H. Mathews.) *\nBulletin No. 20: Lode-gold Deposits\u2014\nPart II: South-eastern British Columbia.    (By W. H. Mathews.)   Revised, 1948.*\nPart IV:  South-western British Columbia\u2014exclusive of Vancouver Island.    (By\nJ. S. Stevenson.)   Revised, 1946.*\nPart V:   Vancouver Island.    (By J. S. Stevenson.)    Revised, 1946.*\nPart VI: North-eastern British Columbia and Cariboo and Hobson Creek Areas.\n(By S. S. Holland.)   Revised, 1946.*\nBulletin No. 21: Notes on Placer-mining in British Columbia.    (By Officers of the Department. ) *\nBulletin No. 22:  Geology of the Whitewater and Lucky Jim Mine Areas.    (By M. S.\nHedley.) *\nBulletin No. 24:  Geology and Coal Resources of the Carbon Creek-Mount Bickford\nMap-area.   (By W. H. Mathews.) *\nBulletin No. 25: The Squaw Creek-Rainy Hollow Area.    (By K. DeP. Watson.)*\nBulletin No. 26: Report on the Stanley Area, Cariboo Mining Division.    (By Stuart S.\nHolland.)*\nBulletin No. 27: Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Zeballos Mining Camp, British\nColumbia.    (By John S. Stevenson.)*\nBulletin No. 28:  Placer Gold Production of British Columbia.    (By S. S. Holland.)*\nBulletin No. 29:  Geology and Ore Deposits of the Sandon Area, Slocan Camp, British\nColumbia.   (By M. S. Hedley.) *\nBulletin No. 30: Clay and Shale Deposits in British Columbia.    (By J. W. McCammon\nand J. M. Cummings.) *\nBulletin No. 31:  Geology of the Sheep Creek Camp.    (By W. H. Mathews.) *\nBulletin No. 32:  Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Shulaps Range, Southwestern\nBritish Columbia.   (By G. B. Leech.) *\nBulletin No. 33:  Geology of the Crowsnest Coal Basin with Special Reference to the\nFernie Area.   (By C. B. Newmarch.) *\nBulletin No. 34: Geology of the Yanks Peak-Roundtop Mountain Area, Cariboo District, British Columbia.    (By Stuart S. Holland.) *\nBulletin No. 35:  Geology of the Stanford Range of the Rocky Mountains, East Kootenay\nDistrict, British Columbia.   (By G. G. L. Henderson.)*\nBulletin No. 36: Coal Reserves of the Hasler Creek-Pine River Area, British Columbia.\n(By N. D. McKechnie.) *\nBulletin No. 37:  Geology of the Cowichan Lake Area, Vancouver Island, British Columbia.   (By James T. Fyles.) *\nBulletin No. 38: Geology of the Antler Creek Area, British Columbia.    (By A. Sutherland Brown.) *\n* Only two reports or bulletins for which no charge is shown may be supplied free;\ncharge of 50 cents is made for each publication in excess of two.\n9 234 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nBulletin No. 39:  Geology of Lower Jervis Inlet, British Columbia.    (By W. R. Bacon.) *\nBulletin No. 40: Calcareous Deposits of Southwestern British Columbia.    (By W. H.\nMathews and J. W. McCammon.) *\nThe following bulletins are out of print and no longer available;\ncopies may be consulted at various public libraries:\u2014\nBulletin No. 1: Aiken Lake Area, North-Central B.C.   (By Douglas Lay.)   Out of print.\nBulletin No. 2: Placer-gold Deposits, Wheaton (Boulder) Creek, Cassiar District.    (By\nStuart S. Holland.)    Out of print.\nBulletin No. 3: Fraser River Tertiary Drainage-history in Relation to Placer-gold Deposits.   I.    (By Douglas Lay.)    Out of print.\nBulletin No. 4: Saline and Hydromagnesite Deposits of British Columbia.    (By J. M.\nCummings.)    Out of print.\nBulletin No. 5:  Mercury Deposits of British Columbia.    (By John S. Stevenson.)    Out\nof print.\nBulletin No. 6:  Geology of Camp McKinney and the Cariboo Amelia Mine.    (By M. S.\nHedley.)    Out of print.\nBulletin No. 7:  Lode-gold Deposits of the Upper Lemon Creek Area and Lyle Creek-\nWhitewater Creek Area, Kootenay District.   (By R. J. Maconachie.)   Out of print.\nBulletin No. 8: Preliminary Report on the Bedwell River Area.   (By H. Sargent).   Out\nof print.\nBulletin No. 9:  Molybdenite in British Columbia.   (By John S. Stevenson.)   Out of print.\nBulletin No. 10: Tungsten Deposits of British Columbia.    (By John S. Stevenson and\nstaff of the Department of Mines.)    Revised.   Out of print.\nBulletin No. 15: Hydraulic Mining Methods.   (By Stuart S. Holland.) Out of print.\nBulletin No. 16: Dragline Dredging Methods.   (By Stuart S. Holland.)   Out of print.\nBulletin No. 17: An Introduction to Metal-mining in British Columbia.   (By Officers of\nthe Department.)   Out of print.\nBulletin No. 20: Lode-gold Deposits\u2014\nPart III: Central Southern British Columbia.    (By M. S. Hedley and K. DeP.\nWatson.)   Out of print.\nBulletin No. 23:  Calcareous Deposits of the Georgia Strait Area.    (By W. H. Mathews.)\nOut of print.\nPRELIMINARY MAPS\nPreliminary Map of the Granduc Area, by W. R. Bacon.\nWELL SCHEDULES\nSchedule of Wells Drilled for Oil and Natural Gas in British Columbia to January 1st,\n1956.   $1.25.\nMAPS SHOWING MINERAL CLAIMS AND PLACER LEASES\nMaps showing the approximate locations of placer-mining leases and mineral claims\nheld by record may be seen at the Central Records Offices at Victoria and at Room 104,\n739 West Hastings Street, Vancouver. Prints are obtainable on request made to the Chief\nGold Commissioner at Victoria, and accompanied by the proper sum. The chargesf are:\nFull sheet, $1; half-sheet, 50 cents; quarter-sheet, 25 cents. The maps conform to the\nreference and mineral-reference maps issued by the Legal Surveys Branch, Department\nof Lands and Forests, in size and geographical detail and correspond as to numbers.\n* Only two reports or bulletins for which no charge is shown may be supplied free; a\ncharge of 50 cents is made for each publication in excess of two.\nt Charges for sales within British Columbia are subject to the 5-per-cent sales tax, which must accompany the\nremittance. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS 235\nPERMITS AND LEASES UNDER \"PETROLEUM AND\nNATURAL GAS ACT, 1954\"\nMaps showing the locations of permits and leases under the \"Petroleum and\nNatural Gas Act, 1954,\" may be obtained upon application to the office of the Chief\nCommissioner, Petroleum and Natural Gas, Department of Mines, Victoria, B.C., accompanied by payment of $3* per sheet.\nMonthly reports giving information on changes in permits and leases held, changes\nin title to permits and leases, additions and revisions to permit-location maps, and related\nmatters are available from the office of the Chief Commissioner, Petroleum and Natural\nGas, upon application and payment of a fee of $1 per annum.\nROCK AND MINERAL SPECIMENS\nIdentified specimens, about an inch square, of rocks and minerals may be purchased\nby prospectors and by schools in British Columbia.\nA collection of rock specimens including twenty items is sold for $1. A collection\nof economic minerals including twenty-five items is sold for $3.50. For schools in British\nColumbia a combined collection of rock and mineral specimens is available at $3.50, on\nofficial application from the school. Specimens of scheelite, wolframite, cinnabar, stib-\nnite, and tetrahedrite are sold at 25 cents each. All sales in British Columbia are subject\nto the Provincial 5-per-cent sales tax. If specimens are to be mailed to an address outside\nBritish Columbia, the applicant should remit 25 cents for mailing charges on either collection provided the package is to go by surface mail to an address in North America.\nOtherwise the applicant should remit the actual carrying charge, which may be calculated\non 1 Yz pounds of weight for either collection.\nA request for specimens should be addressed to the Chief of the Mineralogical\nBranch, Department of Mines, Victoria, B.C., and should be accompanied by the proper\nsum, including 5-per-cent tax for deliveries within British Columbia, or the proper mailing\nallowance to an address outside British Columbia.\n* Charges for sales within British Columbia are subject to the 5-per-cent sales tax, which must accompany the remittance. 236 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nMINING LAWS AND LAWS RELATED TO THE MINERAL INDUSTRY\nSynopses of mining laws and of laws related to mining are available on application.\nThe titles of the various Acts and the price charged for each are listed below. Upon\npayment of the price, plus 5 per cent tax, a copy of any Act may be obtained from the\noffice of the Queen's Printer, Victoria. Price\nDepartment of Mines Act  $0.15\nMineral Act  .25\nPlacer-mining Act  .25\nMetalliferous Mines Regulation Act  .50\nCoal-mines Regulation Act   .70\nMines Right-of-way Act  .15\nIron Bounty Act  . 15\nMineral Property Taxation Act  .15\nIron and Steel Bounties Act  . 15\nIndian Reserves Mineral Resources Act  .15\nProspectors' Grub-stake Act  .15\nTaxation Act  .75\nForest Act   .80\nGreater Vancouver Water District Act  .80\nSecurity Frauds Prevention Act  .30\nCoal Sales Act  .15\nCoal Act   .15\nPetroleum and Natural Gas Act  .25\ndrilling and Production Regulations under Petroleum  and\nNatural Gas Act, 1954 (including tax)  .40\nGeophysical Regulations, Petroleum and Natural Gas Act,\n1954 (including tax)   .25\n1Permit and Lease Grid System, Petroleum and Natural Gas\nAct, 1954 (including tax)   1.00\n1 Schedule of Wells Drilled for Oil and Natural Gas (including\ntax)     1.25\n1 Obtained from Chief Commissioner, Petroleum and Natural Gas, Victoria. LIST OF LIBRARIES 237\nLIST OF LIBRARIES\nDepartment publications are being sent to the following Government departments\nand legislative, university, and public libraries:\u2014\nCANADA\nGovernment departments\u2014\nOttawa:   Departments of Mines and Technical Surveys, and Resources and\nDevelopment.\nSt. John's, Newfoundland:  Department of Mines and Resources.\nHalifax, Nova Scotia:  Department of Mines.\nFredericton, New Brunswick:   Department of Lands and Mines.\nQuebec, Quebec:  Department of Mines.\nToronto, Ontario:  Department of Mines.\nWinnipeg, Manitoba:   Department of Mines and Natural Resources.\nRegina, Saskatchewan:  Department of Natural Resources and Industrial Development.\nEdmonton, Alberta: Department of Mines and Minerals.\nLegislative libraries\u2014\nSt. John's, Newfoundland.\nHalifax, Nova Scotia.\nFredericton, New Brunswick.\nQuebec, Quebec.\nLibrary of Parliament, Ottawa.\nToronto, Ontario.\nWinnipeg, Manitoba.\nRegina, Saskatchewan.\nEdmonton, Alberta.\nProvincial Library, Victoria, British Columbia.\nUniversity libraries and museums\u2014\nDalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia.\nAcadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia.\nLaval University, Quebec, Quebec.\nMcGill University, Montreal, Quebec.\nQueen's University, Kingston, Ontario.\nRoyal Ontario Museum of Geology and Mineralogy, Toronto, Ontario.\nUniversity of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario.\nUniversity of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba.\nUniversity of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec.\nUniversity of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.\nUniversity of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta.\nUniversity of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia.\nPublic libraries\u2014\nHalifax, Nova Scotia.\nMontreal, Quebec.\nToronto, Ontario (Reference Division).\nEdmonton, Alberta.\nCalgary, Alberta.\nNelson Municipal Library, British Columbia.\nNew Westminster, British Columbia.\nPrince Rupert, British Columbia.\nPrince George, British Columbia.\nVancouver, British Columbia (Acquisitions Division).\nVictoria, British Columbia. 238 REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF MINES,  1956\nENGLAND\nBritish Columbia House, Regent Street, London, England.\nCanada House, London, England.\nInstitution of Mining and Metallurgy, 44 Portland Place, London, England.\nSOUTH AFRICA\nPublic Library, Johannesburg, South Africa.\nAUSTRALIA\nPublic Library, Sydney, Australia.\nUNITED STATES\nGovernment departments and legislative libraries\u2014\nLibrary of Congress, Washington 25, D.C.\nThe Interior Department Library, Washington 25, D.C.\nUnited States Geological Survey\u2014Washington 25, D.C; and Denver Federal\nCentre, Denver, Colorado.\nCalifornia State Division of Mines, Ferry Building, San Francisco, California.\nOregon State Department of Geology and Mineral Industries, 702 Woodlark\nBuilding, Portland, Oregon.\nWashington State Division of Mines and Geology, Olympia, Washington.\nIdaho State Bureau of Mines, Boise, Idaho.\nUniversity and society libraries\u2014\nColumbia University, New York 27, New York (Document Division).\nCornell University Library, Ithaca, New York.\nEngineering Societies Library, 29 West Thirty-ninth Street, New York, New\nYork.\nState University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa.\nMontana School of Mines, Butte, Montana.\nOregon State College, Corvallis, Oregon.\nUniversity of Washington, Seattle, Washington.\nUniversity of Nevada, Reno, Nevada.\nUniversity of California, Berkeley, California (Document Division).\nPublic libraries\u2014\nNew York, New York.\nBoston, Massachusetts.\nDenver, Colorado.\nSt. Louis, Missouri.\nFree Library, Philadelphia Zone 3, Pennsylvania.\nLibrary Association of Portland, Portland, Oregon.\nLos Angeles, California.\nSan Francisco, California.\nSeattle, Washington.\nSpokane, Washington. Lode-metal Deposits Referred to in the\n1956 Annual Report\nThe names of the properties are arranged alphabetically within five areas.   Each\narea consists of the mining divisions listed below.   The table shows the principal metals\nproduced or indicated in the deposits in 1956:\u2014\nNorthern British Columbia.\u2014Atlin, Liard.\nCentral British Columbia.\u2014Cariboo, Clinton, Omineca.\nCoast and Islands.\u2014Alberni, Nanaimo, New Westminster, Skeena, Vancouver,\nVictoria.\nSouth Central British Columbia.\u2014Greenwood, Kamloops, Lillooet, Nicola,\nOsoyoos, Similkameen, Vernon.\nSoutheastern British Columbia. \u2014 Fort Steele, Golden, Nelson, Revelstoke,\nSlocan, Trail Creek.\nProperty\nMining\nDivision\nLatitude and\nLongitude\n3\no\n0\n0J\nu\nc.\na\no\n0\n\u25a0a\n-\n\u25ba3\n\u00a3\nN\ne\no\nbo\na\n3\nH\nE\n3\nE\n-\nc\n0\n...\nc\nMl\nc\ni\nE\nD\nC\nrt\n5\n>>\n3\nU\nu\n_,\nc\nH\no\nz\n5\nI\na)\nx>\n\u25a0O\n>>\n0\ns\nrt\na\no\nU\n<_\nGO\nrt\nP.\nNorthern British Columbia\nBig Bull\nAtlin \t\nLiard....\t\nLiard...\t\nLiard \t\nLiard \t\nAtlin  \t\nLiard \t\nLiard\t\nAtlin \t\nLiard\t\nOmineca\t\nCariboo _.\t\nOmineca   \t\nCariboo.\t\nCariboo\t\nClinton \t\n58\u00b0 133\u00b0 N.W.\n57\u00b0 131\u00b0 S.W.\n58\u00b0 131\u00b0 S.W.\n59\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.W.\n57\u00b0 131\u00b0 S.W.\n59\u00b0 136\u00b0 N.W.\n59\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.E.\n59\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.E.\n58\u00b0 133\u00b0 N.W.\n57\u00b0 129\u00b0 N.W.\n53\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.\n53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W.\n53\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.\n52\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W.\n53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W.\n51\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W.\n54\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W.\n54\u00b0 124\u00b0 S.E.\n54\u00b0 127\u00b0 N.E.\n55\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.W.\n56\u00b0 125\u00b0 N.E.\n53\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.\n52\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E.\n52\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.E.\n54\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.E.\n51\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.E.\n53\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E.\n52\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E.\n53\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.\n55\u00b0 126\u00b0 S.W.\n54\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W.\n53\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.W.\n55\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.W.\n51\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.E.\n56\u00b0 125\u00b0 N.E.\n55\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.W.\n54\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.E.\n53\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.\n53\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.\n2\n2\n2\n~1\n1\n1\n1\n1\n2\n2\n1\n3\n3\n2\n1\n3\n3\n2\n3\n1\n1\n3\n3\n~i\n3\n3\n1\n1\n1\n3\n3\n1\n1\n3\n3\n3\n1\n~3\n3\n1\n1\n3\n3\n3\n-\n2\n2\n2\n....\n-\n3\n~3\n-\n-\n\"i\n12\n14\n14\nA47\n14\n11\n11\n11\n12\n14\n28\n31\n28\n34\n31\n35\n27\n29\n26\n26\n30\n28\n33\n33\n29\n35\n33\n34\n28\n29\n30\n31\n23\n35\n30\n25\n28\n28\n28\nBUY \t\nCallison Copper    .  \t\nContact \t\nHAB  \t\nNorthwestern Explorations \u2014\nReed   \t\nCentral British Columbia\nAbe\t\nBabs  \t\nCopper Nos. 1 to 4  \t\nCronin Babine    .\nDA- \u2014\nDuthie\t\nOmineca\t\nOmineca _\nOmineca\t\nIke\t\n\u2014\n3\n3\n3\n3\n-\n-\n~3\n-\n-\nIron Mountain _.\nMcDonald Island\t\nOmineca\t\nCariboo.\t\nCariboo _\t\nOmineca \t\nNi    \t\nPat\t\n3\n3\n3\n3\n1\n3\n3\n3\n3\n\u2014\nRio Canadian, French Peak\t\nRio Canadian, Hutton\t\nOmineca ,\nSpokane \t\nOmineca\t\nOmineca- \t\nOmineca\t\nOmineca\t\nZeke \t\nShipping Mines.\u2014(1) Metal contributed at least 10 per cent of gross value of the shipment.    (2) Metal contributed\nless than 10 per cent of gross value of the shipment.   Production lor 1956 is listed in Table XV.\nNon-shipping Mines.\u2014(3) Metal present, indicated by assay or mineralogical determination.\n239 240 REPORT OF THE MINISTER   OF MINES,  1956\nLode-metal Deposits Referred to in the 1956 Annual Report\u2014Continued\nProperty\nMining\nDivision\nLatitude and\nLongitude\n\u2022a\no\na\n1-.\na\n>\nc\/5\no\na\na\no\n0\n\u25a0a\nrt\nQJ\n\u25baJ\no\n\u00a7\nc\n0}\n_G\nQ\n3\nH\nE\n3\n1\n\u25a0a\nu\nc\no\n\u00bb\nU\nc\n71\n_0\n5\nE\n9\nc\nti\n3\nu\n3\nc\nh\n\"3\nO\nz\n\u00a3\n_\n\u25a03\n_-\n>!\n0\nS\n7i\nj_\no\n0\n00\n\u00ab\nPh\nCoast and Islands\nA.M.                            \t\nNew Westminster.\nSkeena\t\nSkeena-\t\nNanaimo...\t\nVictoria\t\nVictoria\t\nNanaimo.\t\n49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E.\n55\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.W.\n56\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.W.\n50\u00b0 125\u00b0 S.E.\n48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.\n48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 125\u00b0 N.W.\n55\u00b0 129\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.E.\n50\u00b0 125\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 125\u00b0 N.E.\n55\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.W.\n49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W.\n48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.W.\n48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.E.\n48\u00b0 124\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W.\n56\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 126\u00b0 S.E.\n50\u00b0 126\u00b0 S.W.\n49\u00b0 125\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 125\u00b0 N.E.\n50\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.E.\n55\u00b0 129\u00b0 N.W.\n50\u00b0 126\u00b0 S.W.\n48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.W.\n48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W.\n52\u00b0 131\u00b0 S.E.\n55\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E.\n50\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.E.\n48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.\n50\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.\n55\u00b0 129\u00b0 N.W.\n50\u00b0 126\u00b0 S.W.\n56\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E.\n56\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E.\n56\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E.\n54\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W.\n48\u00b0 124\u00b0 S.E.\n52\u00b0 131\u00b0 N.W.\n48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.\n52\u00b0 132\u00b0 N.E.\n52\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W.\n55\u00b0 129\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.\n50\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.W.\n50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E.\n51\u00b0 119\u00b0 N.W.\n50\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.E.\n50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W.\n50\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E.\n50\u00b0 122\u00b0 N.W.\n51\u00b0 119\u00b0 N.W.\n50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E.\n50\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W.\n49\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.W.\n50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W.\n50\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.E.\n50\u00b0 122\u00b0 N.W.\n50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W.\n51\u00b0 119\u00b0 S.W.\n2\n-\n2\n2\n2\n-\n2\n2\n2\n3\n3\n3\n1\n3\n1\n1\n3\n1\n1\n3\n3\n1\n3\n3\n3\n3\n\u2014\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n1\n3\n1\n3\n3\n2\n-\n-\n-\n\u2014\n-\n\u2014\n-\n-\n-\n-\n114\n''I\n1R\na47\nI'M\nVft\n21\n11 .\n2\n~2\n1\n3\n~1\n3\n1\n-\n1\n1\n1\n3\n3\n3\n1\n-\n2\n3\n3\n3\n3\n1\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n1\n1\n3\n~i\n3\n3\n~1\n1\n\t\n-\n-\nNanaimo\t\nNanaimo\t\nL_.s\n-\n119\nnnnhle. Rri\n11\nNew Westminster-\nVictoria \t\nA48\nE.B.V _    \t\n136\n-\n-\n-\nGabbro   - .,   \t\nVictoria\t\n124\n131\n15\n119\n13 .\nIron Hill  -\nNanaimo  .\n119\n131\n117\n1\n21\n133\n-\n._.\nVictoria \t\nVictoria..\t\nNew Westminster..\nSkeena\u2014\t\nSkeena \t\nNanaimo  .\nAlberni- _\n135\n111\n115\n-\n-\n, ,\n18\n117\n123\nOld Sport -\nNanaimo   ...\t\nNanaimo\t\nNanaimo. \t\nSkeena..  .. .\nNanaimo        \t\nSkeena\t\n117\n116\n116\n?1\nRhoda  \t\n... |...\n2| 2\n... | 3\n... |-\n134\n17\nSkeena\t\nSkeena.   _\nSkeena..   \t\n1R\n17\n1 .\nStar of the West\t\nStormont  . -   - \t\nAlberni\t\nAlberni  \u2014\nVictoria\t\nSkeena- \t\nAlberni -\t\n-\n119\n131\n174\n11\n1\n1?4\n1\n3\n125\nTorger Copper- - \u2014\nSkeena \t\n22\n19\nYellow Jacket-         . \u201e\nYellow Kid\t\nNanaimo \t\nNanaimo \t\nNanaimo\t\nKamloops\t\nKamloops \t\nKamloops  \t\nKamloops    .\nKamloops\t\nLillooet\t\nKamloops    ..\nKamloops   ..\nLillooet \t\nSimilkameen\t\nGreenwood\t\nNicola\t\nKamloops\t\nLillooet\t\nKamloops.\t\nKamloops\t\n116\n116\nYreka\n117\nSouth Central British Columbia\nAjax                                ,  ,.           \t\nAsh\t\n63\n69\n44\nBethlehem Copper\n- I-\n11 2\nI3\n.. i-\n2| 2\n-1-\n... 1 2\n45\n45\nBralorne\t\nCam \t\nCommercial Minerals Limited \t\nCopper King   *\t\nCopper Mountain \u201e   \t\nCopper Queen.  \u2014\t\n37\n69\n67\n41\n72\n75\n47\nD.W _ -\nDry Gulch \t\nDunmore Mines Limited\t\nEast Lemhi\t\n-\n3\n-\n2\n1\n44\n41\n46\nA49 LODE-METAL DEPOSITS 241\nLode-metal Deposits Referred to in the 1956 Annual Report\u2014Continued\nProperty\nMining\nDivision\nLatitude and\nLongitude\n\u20223\n0\nu\n0)\na\na\no\nU\n\u20223\nrt\nV\no\n3\nc\na\n_D\n3\n3\nH\nE\n3\n|\n\u25a03\nrt\na\ng\no\nC\nrt\nbo\n3\na\nE\n3\nE\nrt\n-.\nD\n5\no\nQ>\nc\nH\ns\nz\nE\n3\n3\naj\n\u20223\nS\n>!\nO\n2\nj_\no\n0\n_\n-0\nrt\na,\nSouth Central British Columbia\u2014\u25a0\nContinued\n51\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W.\n50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 119\u00b0 S.W.\n49\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.E.\n50\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.W.\n49\u00b0 119\u00b0 S.E.\n50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E.\n50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E.\n50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W.\n50\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.E.\n50\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E.\n50\u00b0 122\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 119\u00b0 S.W.\n49\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W.\n50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.W.\n49\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.W.\n50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.W.\n50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W.\n49\u00b0 119\u00b0 S.W.\n50\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.W.\n50\u00b0 122\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.W.\n50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W.\n51\u00b0 119\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.W.\n50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E.\n50\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.E.\n50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.W.\n50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.W.\n50\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n50\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n50\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W.\n50\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E.\n50\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\n50\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\n3\n-\n3\n3\n2\n3\n2\n1\n1\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n2\n3\n3\n3\n~3\n3\n3\n3\n1\n3\n3\n3\n3\n3\n~3\n3\n2\n3\n3\n3\n3\n2\n1\n2\n2\n3\n1\n3\n3\n1\n3\n1\n1\n3\n3\n1\n1\n3\n3\n1\n3\n1\n3\n1\n1\n1\n2\n3\n3\n1\n3\ni\n3\n1\n1\n3\n3\n1\n1\n1\n3\n1\n3\n1\n1\n3\n1\nli\n1\n2\n2\n2\n2\n2\n2\n1\ni\n3\n3\n-\n-\n-\n-\n3\n37\nEvening Star.\t\nFairview\t\nKamloops\u2014\t\nOsoyoos.      -   .   .\nOsoyoos.\t\nKamloops\t\nGreenwood \t\n57\n74\n73\nGraham Bousquet  \u2014\nGreyhound  \t\nHighian'l-Rell\n45\n75\n7<\\\nKamloops  ..\nKamloops\nKamloops \t\nKamloops\t\nKamloops\t\nLillooet\t\nOsoyoos\t\nSimilkameen  .\nKamloops- -\n58\n58\nJericho Mines Limited- \t\n46\n43\nLaco Mines Limited  \u2014 .\nLittle Gem \t\nLittle Joe  ,  \t\n45\n40\na49\n136\n63\n75\nNickel Plate -\t\nNoranda, Eholt  \t\nOsoyoos\t\nGreenwood\t\nKamloops\t\n1\n3\n1\n2\n3\n3\n~3\n3\n2\n-\n3\n2\n1\n~3\n2\n3\n1\n3\n3\n1\n3\n2\ni\n3\n3\nA49\n75\n4 .\nNorthwestern Explorations, Guichon\n46\nOlalla     -..\nOsoyoos\t\nKamloops\t\nGreenwood\t\n73\n41\n7 ,\n39\nPython \t\nRed Star\t\nKamloops\t\nSimilkameen\t\nKamloops\t\nGreenwood\t\nKamloops\t\nSimilkameen\t\nKamloops-\t\nKamloops \t\nKamloops\t\n54\n71\n70\nRuby \t\nSalmo Prince\t\nSilver Hill\t\nA49\n43\nTransvaal\t\nTri-Side    \t\n44\n44\n41\n46\nSoutheastern British Columbia\nA.U \t\n98\n9\">\nNelson\t\n77\nAustin  \t\n98\n105\nWiifhell\n89\nBoh\n106\nBoomerang            \t\n99\n96\nFort Steele\n108\n1 .1\nBuffalo \t\n1    1\nSlocan\t\nFort Steele\t\nNelson \t\nSlocan\t\nNelson\t\nNelson.- \t\nGolden\t\nNelson \t\nSlocan\t\n2\n2\n2\n2\n1\n3\n2\n3\n1\n1\n1\n1\n93\n10 .\nCopper Queen \t\n8 .\nCork\t\n\u2014\n\u2014\n-\n-\n-\n93\na50\n107\n111\n79\n96\n89\n80\n99\n80\n96\n78\nCreston Hill  \t\nCu \t\nDeer Horn \t\nDiscovery Fraction\t\nDodger.  _ \t\nEclipse   \t\nEmerald\t\nEnterprise- \t\nEureka\t\nNelson       \t\nRevelstoke\t\nNelson\t\nSlocan. \t\nNelson \t\n\"0\nShipping Mines.\u2014(1) Metal contributed at least 10 per cent of gross value of the shipment.    (2) Metal contributed\nless than 10 per cent of gross value of the shipment.   Production for 1956 is listed in Table XV.\nNon-shipping Mines.\u2014(3) Metal present, indicated by assay or mineralogical determination. 242 REPORT OF THE MINISTER   OF MINES,  1956\nLode-metal Deposits Referred to in the 1956 Annual Report\u2014Continued\nProperty\nMining\nDivision\nLatitude and\nLongitude\n2\no\n0\n>\nc\/5\na\no.\no\nO\n\u2022a\nr.\nu\na\nN\nc\n_\u25a0\nbo\n3\n3\nH\nE\n3\n1\n\"3\nrt\nu\n3\nO\n_.\nca\nU\na\n60\nC\n\u00ab\n2\nE\n3\n3\nrt\nIh\n3\na\nIh\nU\n%\n3\nP\na_\nu\nz\nE\n3\n3\n\u25a03\n.3\n>f\n0\n_.\n\u00ab\n_-\no\n0\n<-\nrt\nP.\nSoutheastern British Columbia\u2014\nContinued\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.W.\n50\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W.\n51\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.\n50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.W.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.W.\n50\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\n50\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n50\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.W.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.W.\n50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\n50\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\n50\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W.\n50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.\n50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.W.\n50\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.W.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n50\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\n49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\n3\n3\n2\n2\n2\n2\n3\n3\n2\n3\n1\n3\n1\n1\n2\n2\n2\n3\n2\n1\n2\n2\n2\n2\n1\n2\n1\n1\n3\n2\n3\n1\n3\n2\n3\n1\n1\n3\n3\n2\n3\n3\n1\n3\n1\n~3\n3\n1\n3\n2\n3\n3\n1\n1\n2\n1\n2\n3\n2\n1\n~Z\n3\n3\n3\n2\n3\n1\n1\n_\n2\n1\n1\n2\n1\n3\n1\n1\n2\n2\n1\n3\n1\n1\n1\n1\n1\n3\n1\n1\n1\n1\n1\n3\n1\n3\n1\n1\n3\n3\n1\n3\n2\n3\n2\n3\n3\n3\n1\n~3\n1\n3\n3\n~i\n1\n2\n2\n3\n1\n3\n3\n2\n3\n1\n1\n1\n1\n2\n2\n1\n3\n1\n1\n1\n-\n2\n2\n1\n2\n2\n2\n2\n2\n1\n2\n2\n2\n2\n2\n~2\n\u2014\n-\n~i\n-\n2\n-\n-\n-\n98\n9R\n80\nH.B. -     \t\nNelson\t\nNelson\t\nS3\n1  3\nso\n3\n3\n3\n3\n2\n3\n3\n1\n2\n1\n3\n2\n2\n3\ni\n1\n3\n1\n3\n1\n1\n3\n3\n1\n3\n3\n1\n3\n3\n1\n3\n3\n3\n3\n1\n3\n1\n3\n3\n1\n1\n2\n2\n3\n1\n3\n3\n3\n1\n3\n2\n1\n1\n1\n1\n1\n1\n1\n3\n1\n1\n1\n96\nSlocan \t\nSlocan  \t\nSlocan   .\n97\nHewitt  \t\n97\n91\n91\n95\nHope    \u2014\nHungry Man\t\nI.X.L.    -\n87\n79\nTrail Creek\t\nSlocan -\t\n77\nJ.G.\n106\nJersey.  \u2014 \u2014\nKing, Cranbrook   \u2014\nKing, Creston\t\n80\nFort Steele\nNelson - \t\n108\n106\n114\nKootenay Florence  \t\n91\nFort Steele -\nNelson \t\n109\nLakeview              -\n86\n91\nGolden\t\nSlocan \t\nNelson-\t\n11?\n95\nLucky Boy, Crescent Valley\t\nLucky Boy, Salmo \t\nMB                                   ...\n77\n80\n107\nSlocan \t\nNelson     \t\nTrail Creek\t\nSlocan\t\nGolden     \t\nSlocan  \t\nSlocan\t\nFort Steele..\nSlocan\t\nSlocan\t\n96\n107\n77\n93\n110\nMonarch  \u2014 \u2014\n96\n106\n108\n94\n98\n80\nOK                                       \t\nTrail Creek \t\n77\nOttawa   \t\nSlocan...  \t\nSlocan. \t\nGolden.\t\nNelson \t\nNelson.\t\nGolden  \u2014\n99\n99\n111\n80\nQueen Victoria  - -\t\n78\n110\nReeves MacDonald- \u2014 .\nRight Bower  - - \u2014\t\n85\nSlocan -\t\nGolden\t\nSlocan\t\nGolden\t\nSlocan \t\nNelson\t\nSlocan\t\n106\n11?\nSanta Fe            \t\n88\n111\nSilver Glance   \t\nSilver King \t\n92\n79\n94\nSnowdrop - \t\n76\nRevelstoke.  \t\n99\nNelson\t\nSlocan\t\n86\n96\nA.I\nStar No. 1\t\nNelson \t\nFort Steele\t\nA50\n108\nSlocan\t\n90\n97\nSlocan\t\nSlocan\t\n87\nUtica                   -\t\n93\n97\nTrail Creek\t\n76\nSlocan\t\nFort Steele \t\n1\n3\n1\n1\n1\n1\n3\n1\n1\n1\n\u2014\n2\n\u2014\n\u2014\n-\n\u2014\n-\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n95\n108\nSlocan\t\nSlocan  \t\nSlocan..\t\n98\nWhitewater  \u2014\t\nWonderful  \u2014\n93\n95 INDEX\nPage\n\"A\" East mine, Michel Colliery, 49\u00b0   114\u00b0\nN.W  217\n\"A\" North mine, Michel Colliery, 49\u00b0 114\u00b0\nN.W  219\n\"A\" West mine, Michel Colliery, 49\u00b0  114\u00b0\nN.W  217\ndangerous occurrence  208\nUpper \"A\" West mine  218\nA.M., 49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E  114\nA.U. (Lucky Thought), 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E\t\n A 50, 97, 98\nA.U. No. 1     98\nA.U. No. 2     98\nA.V. Richardson Ltd   158\nAbbotsford, 49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E., clay and shale.... 151\nsand and gravel  155\nAbbotsford Gravel Sales Ltd  155\nAbe, 53\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W     28\nAberdeen, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W     46\naccidents, coal mines  200\nmetal mines and quarries   167\nAcheson, lohn   138\nAdams Bros.  A 48\nAdanac, 52\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W     34\nAdanac Fraction     34\nAdanac No. 1     34\nAdanac No. 2     34\nAddison, Albert  212\nAdernack, S. E   155\nAdministration Branch A 53\nAgassiz, 49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W., limestone   152\nAgassiz Lime Quarry, 49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W   152\nAinsworth, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W     91\nair-borne   magnetometer   surveys,   Texada\nIsland and Campbell River .     10\nair photography and topographic mapping.... A 69\nair-sampling, coal mines  207\nlode mines and quarries  184\nAitchison, H. W., Instructor A 60\nAiax, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E 48,50,51,53,63\nAkokli Creek, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W     87\nAlaska Pine and Cellulose Limited  154\nAlbatross\u2014see Trojan.\nAlberni Mining Division, prospecting A 67\nAlbert Head, 48\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.E., sand and gravel  158\nAlbion, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W     91\n155\n129\n19\n108\n14\n40\nAldergrove, 49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E., sand and gravel .\nAlexander, B. L 116,\nAlice Arm, 56\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.E\t\nAlki (lohn) Creek, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E\t\nAllan, A\t\nAllen, A. R\t\nPage\nAllen, J. C. L     45\nAllenby, 49\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W      72\nAmakua, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E\t\nAmato-Ruby, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W\t\nAmazon, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W\t\n67\n106\n92\n94\n18\nAmerican Boy, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E. \t\nAmerican Creek, 56\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.W\t\nAmerican Smelting and Refining Co. Ltd     45\nAmerican  Standard Mines Limited, Frazer\nLake     28\nKing Fissure   114\nAnalytical and Assay Branch A 58\nAnderson, Allan I.      11\nC     91\nlames  222\nAnderson\nAnderson\nAnderson\nAnderson\nNorman  191\nR. E., petroleum engineer A 62\nAnderson Creek, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E.  47, 67\nandesite   149\nantimony, production A 18, A 27, A 32\nAntler Creek, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E., placer  141\nAntler Mountain Gold Ltd.  141\nAnuk River, 57\u00b0 131\u00b0 S.W     14\nAnyox, 55\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.W     21\nApps, G. E 43, 44, 45\nArcher, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     77\nArchibald, A. \t\nArcon Base Metals Limited\t\nArgentine, 56\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.W. \t\nArgonaut,  49\u00b0   125\u00b0   N.W.   (see also Iron\nHill), dangerous occurrence \t\nArgonaut Co. Ltd., The _.\nArgus, 50\u00b0 125\u00b0 S.E.\n99\n90\n18\n181\n131\nA 47\nArgus Consolidated Mines Ltd. _  A 47\nArmstrong, J. E., Geological Survey of Canada  A 71\nArrowsmith, O.  107\narsenious oxide, production A 34\nasbestos, production A 19, A 28, A 34\nMcDame   146\nAsh, 51\u00b0 119\u00b0 S.W     69\nAshcroft, 50\u00b0  121\u00b0 N.E.      41\nAspen Creek, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     83\nAtlin Mining Division, prospecting A 64\nAtlin Placers Limited   138\nAurea, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E  107\nAurum, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W.  A47, 31\ndangerous occurrence   183\nAustin, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E A 50, 97, 98\nAvallin, 48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W  124\nAvison, R. A.      96\nAztec Exploration Ltd.     75\nB \" South mine, Michel Colliery, 49\u00b0\nN.W.  \t\n114\"\nB.C. Copper Company .\nBUY, 57\u00b0 131\u00b0 S.W. ...\nBabine Bonanza Mining and Milling Company Limited\nB\n219\n78\n14\n27\nBabine Chief, 54\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W. ... 27\nBabine Lake, 54\u00b0 126 N.E     29\nBabs, 53\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W     28\nBacon, W. R., geologist, field work A 61\nreport on iron-ore deposits in coastal and\nsouthwestern British Columbia   125\nBaker Brick & Tile Company Limited  152\nBainbridge, N. E.      87\nBaldy Mountain, 49\u00b0 114\u00b0 N.W., coal  220\nBaldy Mountain strip mines, 49\u00b0 114\u00b0 N.W. 220\nBall, W. H.      40\nBalmer, Thomas   216\n243\nL 244\nINDEX\nPage\nBamberton, 48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.W., limestone  154\nBanker, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W     91\nbarite, production A 18, A 28, A 34\nBrisco  148\nBarker, H. G       83\nBarkerville, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W     31\nplacer  139\nBarnet, 49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W., clay and shale  151\nBarrett-Leonard, W. I  156\nBartlet, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     79\nBatchelor, Henry   219\nbatholith, Guichon Creek      41\nIron Mask   _ _    .      47\nBaynes, E. G.   150\nBazan Bay, 48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.E., clay  151\nBazan Bay Brick & Tile Company Limited  151\nBeale, Stanley   153\nBeale Quarries Limited   153\nBear Creek Brick Company  150\nBear Mountain, 50\u00b0 114\u00b0 S.W., coal  224\nBeasley, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     78\nBeatrice, 50\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.W  105\nBeatrice Mining Co. Ltd.  105\nBeattie, G. N.     . _ 35\nBeaver, 50\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.E     44\nBeaver Lodge Uranium Mines Limited     44\nBeaver Pass Gold Placers  141\nBeaverdell, 49\u00b0 119\u00b0 S.E. 74\nBeavervale Creek, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     80\nBeckman, Harry  _    171\nBeddie, D. C  111\nbee-hive ovens      221\nBeggs Gulch, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W., placer  141\nBeguin, A. C.           146\nBella Coola, 52\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W     22\nBenischke, M. R  139\nBennie, W.  213\nBenson (Elk) Lake, 50\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.E. 117\nBenson River, 50\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.E  117\nbentonite, production A 34\nBerens River Mines Limited, Kamloops\t\n 48, 58, 63, 67, 68\nSpider         100\nBerry, J.   146\nBert, 49\u00b0 115\u00b0 S.W  158\nBertha, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W     46\nBesecker, L. D.     93\nBethlehem Copper Corporation Ltd. .....10, 41, 45\nBethsaida Copper Mines Limited     45\nBevister, T.               39\nBig Bull, 58\u00b0 133\u00b0 N.W A 47, 12\nBig Flame mine, 49\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.W  212\nBig   Timothy   Mountain\u2014see   Takomkane\nMountain\nBiggs, I     73\nBiggs, Leroy  141\nBiggs, Mrs. Leroy  141\nBil Mecky, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     77\nBindschedlar, A.  141\nBirch Island, 51\u00b0 119\u00b0 N.W     70\nbismuth, production A 18, A 27, A 32\nBlack, J. C     95\nBlack, I. M  133\nBlack Beaver Placers Ltd  142\nBlackmore, R. T     43\nBlacky, 52\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W     34\n120\u00b0 S.W......  215\n  192\nBlakeburn strip mine, 49\nBloomer, T. O.\t\nBlubber Bay, 49\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W., limestone.153, 154\nBlue Creek, Dease River, 59\u00b0\nprospecting \t\n128\u00b0  N.W.,\n\u201eA 64\nPage\nBlue Creek, Yalakom River, 51\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W.      37\nBlue Flame, Wellington, 49\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.W  212\nBlue Flame Colliery Limited  215\nBlue Flame No. 2 mine, Princeton, 49\u00b0 120\u00b0\nS.W  214\nBlue   Grouse,   Cowichan  Lake,   48\u00b0    124\u00b0\nN.E.  A 48, 120\ndangerous occurrence  181\nBlue Grouse, Reginald Lake, 49\u00b0 125\u00b0 N.W...A48\nBluebell, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W A 50, 89, 90\nBluebell Bay, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W     90\nBluebell Mountain, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W     90\nBlueberry Creek, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W     87\nBlumont Mines Ltd.     86\nBoard of Examiners for Coal-mine Officials\n A 60, 209\nBob, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W   106\nBobbie Burns Creek, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W  112\nBoe, B.   142\nBoisvert, W.      99\nBon Ton Syndicate  107\nBonanza, 54\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W     27\nBonanza Creek, 55\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.W     22\nBonar, Robert B., Senior Inspector of Mines\n A 60\n  195\n  211\n...  224\n     34\nreport on coal\t\non Vancouver Island\t\nBond, F.\t\nBonnie, 52\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W\t\nBonnie Etta, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E 59, 60\nBoomerang, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E A 50, 99\nBorder Sand and Gravel Company  155\nBornite, 48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W  123\nBortoluzzi, Ivo  148, 169\nBorup, Edward L.      71\nBoss Mountain, 52\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W     34\nBosun, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E     96\nBoswell, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W     87\nBoulder, 55\u00b0 129\u00b0 N.W     21\nBoundary Lake,  Kootenay area,  49\u00b0   116\u00b0\nS.W .     85\nBoundary Lake, Peace River area, 56\u00b0  130\u00b0\nS.E., oil   161\nBoy Scout, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E  108\nBoyles Bros. Drilling Company Ltd     45\nBrady, F. I A 50, 106\nBralorne, 50\u00b0 122\u00b0 N.W A 49, 37\ndangerous occurrences 180, 181, 182, 183\nBralorne Mines Limited     37\nElizabeth  --.    3 7\nLittle Gem      40\nNitinat area  123\nBray, F  155\nBray, J  155\nBrennan, E.    107\nBrett, Leonard   221\nBrewer, A.  114\nBrewer, S.   114\nBrewis and White Ltd     90\nbrick, production  A 18,A 29, A 36\nBridge, C. W  157\nBridge River, 50\u00b0 122\u00b0 N.W     37\nplacer  142\n     14\n  221\n  200\nBrikon Explorations Limited-\nbriquette plant ...\nbriquetting\nBrisco, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E., barite   148\nBritannia, 49\u00b0  123\u00b0 N.E A 48, 115\ndangerous occurrence   181\nBritannia Beach, 49\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.E  115\nsand and gravel  157\nBritannia Mining and Smelting Co. Limited. 115 INDEX\n245\nPage\nBritish Columbia Cement Company Limited 154\nBritish Columbia Mining Association Safety\nDivision  192\nBroan, M. E  135\nBronson, C. E  146\nBrossard, R. A     41\nBroswick, N.  139\nBrown, A.   141\nBrown, A. Sutherland, geologist, field work..A 62\nreports by     33\nBrown, lames  222, 223\nBruce, S. G  117\nBryant, A. E     17\nBryden, Thomas  214\nBrynelson, B. O  117\nBuckerfield, R. B  111\nBuckland, F. C    78\nBuckland, J. H  142\nBuckland, T. R  94\nBudwiser No. 2, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W     92\nBuffalo, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E A 51\nBugaboo, Ainsworth, 49\u00b0  116\u00b0 N.W. \u2014 see\nNoranda\nBugaboo, Bugaboo Creek, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W..... 142\nBugaboo Creek, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E..\nBugnello, Mr. \t\nbuilding-stone \t\nPage\n..... 142\n.._. 18\n..__ 149\nproduction.\n-A 18, A 29, A 36\nBulkley Pioneer, 54\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W  27\nBulkley Valley Collieries Limited  224\nbumps and outbursts, coal mines  208\nBunker Hill Company  106\nBurdett, George   46\nBurgess, A.   79\nBurgess, M.  79\nBurgleman, G.  33\nBurnaby, 49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W  156\nBurnett, W. B 31, 73\nBurns, D  100\nBurns Creek, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W., placer  139\nBurton, R. W  19\nBurton, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.W  99\nButler, Claude   157\nButler Brothers Supplies Ltd  157\nButler Ridge, 56\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E., coal  225\nby-product plant, Michel  220\nBysouth, A.  106\ncadmium deposits  239\nproduction A 18, A 27, A 32\nCadwallader Creek, 50\u00b0 122\u00b0 N.W 37, 39\nCaledonia, 50\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E A 50, 93\nCalimente, D.  30, 31\nCalling Lake, 50\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E     45\nCallison Copper, 58\u00b0 131\u00b0 N.W     14\nCam, 51\u00b0 119\u00b0 N.W     69\nCamborne, 50\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.W     99\nCameron, T.   149\nCamp Lister, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E   107\nCampbell, C. M., Ir     11\nCampbell, D. S.     89\nCampbell River, 50\u00b0 125\u00b0 S.E., iron...  119\nCampsall, Alfred R  108\nCampsall, 49\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W.   108\nCanada Trust Company     93\nCanadian   Collieries   (Dunsmuir)   Limited,\nGlengarry and Stormont   131\nIron River   131\nLady A   135\nLewis mine   212\nTsable River  213\nCanadian Exploration Limited, Argentine...    18\nDA     29\nMohawk and Spokane      35\nSalmo      80\ndangerous occurrences 180, 184\nCanadian Mining and Smelting Company     54\nCanam Copper Company Limited  114\nCan-Amer mill      93\nCan-Amer Mining and Milling Company Ltd.    93\nCanary, 54\u00b0 127\u00b0 N.E    26\nCanopus\u2014see Trojan\nCanyon Creek, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W     88\nCapilano Crushing Co. Ltd.  157\nCapilano  River,  49\u00b0   123\u00b0   S.E.,  sand  and\ngravel  157\nCarabine Creek, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.W     52\nCarbillet, A.   141\nCariboo area, lode metals       31\nplacer  139\nCariboo Gold Quartz, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W A 47, 31\nCariboo Gold Quartz Mining Company Limited, The, Aurum and Cariboo Gold\nQuartz      31\nFrench     7 3\nIron Mountain      33\nCariboo River, 52\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.W., placer  141\nCarnegie Mines of British Columbia Ltd.,\nThe     94\nCarnsew, lohn M.  150\nCarr, I. M., geologist, field work A 62\nreport on Kamloops area     47\nCarruthers, R. B.   213\nCarruthers and Wakelam No. 3 mine, 49\u00b0\n124\u00b0 S.E  213\nCartwright, F. W     87\nCasino Creek, 59\u00b0 133\u00b0 N.E., placer  138\nCassiar, 59\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.E      11\nasbestos   146\nCassiar Asbestos Corporation Limited  146\naccidents    169, 173\nCastle, Mrs. R. F    159\nCastles, G. R.  142\nCave, G. C. B., Chief Analyst and Assayer\n A 2, A 58\nCaycuse River, 48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.   .         122\nCayoosh Cheek, 50\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.W     41\nCedar Creek, Ainsworth, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W     91\nCedar Creek, Quesnel River area, 52\u00b0 121\u00b0\nN.W., placer   141\ncelestite, Birch Island     70\ncement  152\nproduction A 18, A 29, A 36\n     29\n..A 53\nCentennial Mines Ltd.\t\nCentral Records Office\t\ncertificates of competency, lode mines and\nquarries   190\ncoal mines  209\nCewe, lack  156\nChalmers, H.     83\nChambers, R. H    211\nChambers No. 5 mine, 49\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.W  211\nChannel Placers, Inc   141\nChanning, R. H.     14\nChapman, William 216, 220 246\nINDEX\nPage\nChapman Camp, 49\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W  109\nCheam Lake, 49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W., marl  154\nCheam Marl Products Ltd.   154\nCheam Range, 49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W  115\nCheam View, 49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W  149\nCheesman, W. C.   37\nChemainus River, 48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.W  135\nChernoff, Alex. S  170\nCherry Bluff, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.W...\n.48, 53\nChester, Daniel  221\nChilko Lake, 51\u00b0 124\u00b0 S.E., prospecting A 65\nChilliwack, 49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W., granite  149\nChina Boy, 52\u00b0 132\u00b0 N.E   125\nChipman Creek, 48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.W  135\nChristensen, A. D 23, 116, 129\nChristensen, H. C  139\nChristian, I. B   146\nChristie, R. L., Geological Survey of Canada.A 71\nchromite, production  A 32\nChurn Creek, 51 122\u00b0 N.E     35\nClarke, Frank 169, 173\nClarke, H. Gibson  155\nclay and shale  150\nClayburn Company Limited  151\ndangerous occurrence  182\nClearbrooke, 49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E., sand and gravel 155\nClearwater, 51\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E     69\nClearwater Creek, 55\u00b0 129\u00b0 N.W     19\nClearwater River, 51\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E     69\nClifford, coal mine\u2014see Big Flame\nClimax Molybdenum Company     34\nClinton, 51\u00b0  121\u00b0 S.W  35\nClinton Mining Division, prospecting A 65\nClitheroe, G.  A 48\nCloverdale, 49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W., sand and gravel. 155\nClubine, L. R 80, 85\ncoal    195\nfees and licences A 58\nprice A 16\nproduction\t\n. A 17, A 18, A 24, A30, A 37, A 38, 196-198\nsamples   A 5 8\nCoal Creek, 49\u00b0 115\u00b0 S.E., coal  221\ncoal dust  207\nCoal Hill, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E 47, 51\ncoal mines, accidents  200\nbumps and outbursts  208\ndangerous occurrences  208\nelectric power   229\nlabour and employment A 45, 200\nmen employed, by collieries and district  199\nprosecutions   208\ncoal-preparation plants  200\n\"Coal Sales Act\"  209\nCoalmont, 49\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W., coal  215\nCoalmont Collieries Limited  215\nCoast Copper Company, Limited  117\nCoast Mountains     15\ncobalt, deposits  239\nproduction A 3 2\nCobble Hill, 48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.W., limestone  154\nCochrane, J.  213\nCodville, F. H. M     33\nCody, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E     94\nCody-Reco Mines Limited     94\nCoffee Creek, 49 \u00b0 116 \u00b0 N.W     91\nCoggan, A. D     74\nCogle Pass, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W     87\ncoke and by-products, production A 39\ncoke-making  200\nColdwater coal mines, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W  215\nNo. 5 mine  215\nPage\nColdwater Sand and Gravel Co. Ltd  157\nColebrook Sand and Gravel Company Limited   155\nColeman Collieries Limited  223\nColleaux, R. A  216\nColumbia Cellulose Company  224\nColumbia Gypsum Co. Ltd  152\nColumbia River, 51\u00b0 118\u00b0 N.W., placer..l42, 143\ncolumbium, Spillimacheen  142\nComfort, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.\u2014;     89\nCommercial Minerals Limited     67\nComox, 49\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W., coal  213\nConcordia, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.W     76\nConklin Gulch, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W., placer  139\nConnell, F. M 14, 148\nConnor Creek, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     79\nConsolidated Mining and Smelting Company\nof  Canada,  Limited,   The,  Ajax  and\nMonte Carlo 48, 63\nAny ox      21\nBig Bull and Tulsequah Chief     12\nBluebell      89\nDeer Horn     79\nDouble Ed     22\nEclipse   101\nFairview      74\nFerguson      3 0\nFife   152\nGypo, Oliver  159\nH.B.      83\nHighland      91\nKootenay Florence     91\nLakeshore      91\nLead Mountain  112\nMcDonald Island      29\nReed      11\nSilver King     79\nSullivan   188\nSunloch   124\nSwannell      3 0\nWhitewater      93\nConstruction Aggregates Ltd.   157\nContact, 59\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.W ..... .....A 47\nConwest Exploration Company Limited, King\nMountain  148\nWindy       14\nCooke, Edward A 49\nCooper, I. A     93\nCooper, L.  213\nCopeland Creek, 51\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.E  114\nCopeland, Mount, 51\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.E  114\ncopper, deposits   236\nprice A 10, A 16\nproduction A 17-A 26, A 47\nCopper Camp, 49\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.W     75\nCopper Creek, 51\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W     35\nCopper Head, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E.......48, 49, 52, 54, 56\nCopper Island\u2014see McDonald Island\nCopper King, Cherry Creek, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.W.\n 48,53\nCopper King, Rusty Creek, 50\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.W....    41\nCopper Leaf Mines Limited     78\nCopper Mountain, 49\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W A 49, 10,72\ndangerous occurrence  183\nCopper Nos. 1 to 4, 51 \u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W     35\nCopper Queen, Greenwood, 49\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.W. .    75\nCopper Queen, Monk Creek, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W..    85\nCopper Ridge Silver Zinc Mines Limited  122\nCopper Road, 50\u00b0 125\u00b0 S.E A 48\nCopperado, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W A 49, 47\nCoquitlam, 49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W., sand and gravel.. 156 INDEX\n247\nCork, 50\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     93\nCormie, A. M.      19\nCornish, N. G.  23, 27\nCoronation Mountain, 48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.W  135\nCorporation of the District of Surrey   155\nCorporation of the Municipality of Burnaby.. 156\nCorporation of the Township of Langley  155\nCorrigan, Harry   217\nCosburn, S. S., mineral engineer, field work\u2014A 62\nreport on petroleum and natural gas  161\nCottonwood River, 53\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W., placer...... 141\nCoulter, L     21\nCoveney, C. J.    45\nCowichan Copper Co. Ltd.   120\nCowichan Lake, 48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.E   120\nCranbrook, 49\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W  108\nsilica  158\nCrawford, F. E.       A 50\nCrawford, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E  A 50\nCrawford Creek, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W 87, 88\nCreery, L. C     27\nCrescent\u2014see Eden and Crescent\nCrescent Valley, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.W.      77\nCreston, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W  106\nPage\nCreston Hill, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E   107\nCrofton, 48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.W., slag  159\nCrofton Slag Dump   159\nCronin Babine, 54\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W A 47, 27\nCronin Mountain, 54\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W     27\nCrowe, Warren     76\nCrowe-Swords, R.      96\nCrowhurst, I. J. A.     15\nCrow's Nest Pass Coal Company Limited,\nThe, Baldy Mountain strip mines  220\nElk River Colliery  221\nMichel Colliery .\nby-product plant\t\nbriquetting plant\t\nCu, 50\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W\t\nCuisson Lake, 52\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E..\nCullen, A. \t\nCullinane, J. A. \t\nCunliffe, T. H., Instructor _\nCunningham Creek, 53'\nCupid, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E..\nCurran Knowles ovens\nCutler, Hiram\t\nCytko, William\t\n121\u00b0 S.W., placer.\n216\n. 220\n._ 221\n.. Ill\n- 33\n.. 213\n.. 98\n..A 60\n\u201e 141\n- 67\n.. 220\n.. 152\n._ 217\nD\nD.A., 54\u00b0 124\u00b0\nD.W., 50\u00b0 121'\nS.E....\nN.E..\n29\n44\ndangerous occurrences, coal mines  208\nlode mines and quarries   178\nDanielson, Albin\nDanira, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.\nDark Canyon Creek, 49 \u00b0\nDarling, H. \t\nDavey, Andrew\t\nDavey, William \t\nDavidson, A. M. \t\nDavis, S. H\t\n116\u00b0 S.W.\n168\n91\n87\n45\n217\n219\n154\n75\nDawson Creek, 55\u00b0  120\u00b0 N.E., refinery.. ..161\nDay, Clyde     138\nDay, T. I     45\nDeadman, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E     94\nDeadwood camp, 49\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.W     75\nDeeks-McBride Ltd., Bazan Bay  151\nCoquitlam Creek   156\nSeymour Creek    156\n79\n30\n107\n119\nDepartment of Mines and Technical Surveys\n.A 71\n.A 53\n30,31, 112\nDeer Horn, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\nDelkluz Lake, 56\u00b0 125\u00b0 N.E..\nDemchuk, H. \t\nDendoff, H. E. \t\ndepartmental work\nDerry, D. R.\n-29,\nDesoto Mines Limited, Hansard     30\nHutton     31\nDevlin Bench, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W., placer   139\nDewey, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E     69\nDewis, S.     98\nDe Yaeger, J.        74\ndiatomite, production  \u201e.A 18, A 28, A 34\ndiesel equipment, underground   184\ndiesel locomotives, coal mines    207\nDilsworth, Mount, 56\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E     18\nDiscovery, 59\u00b0 133\u00b0 N.E   138\nDiscovery Fraction, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E A 51, 96\nDiscovery Hill, 51\u00b0 119\u00b0 N.W     69\ndividends, coal mines A 43\ncopper mines  A 43\nlode-gold mines  A 41\nsilver-lead-zinc mines A 42\ndividends\u2014continued\npaid, 1955-56     A 40\npaid yearly, 1917-56 A 40\nDixie, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W     89\nDixon, Frank E 203, 213\nDockrill, A. H  224\nDockrill, F. M  224\nDodger, 49\u00b0  117\u00b0 S.E . A 50, 80\nDoelle, H. E.   110\nDome, 54\u00b0 127\u00b0 N.E     26\nDome Fraction, 54\u00b0 127\u00b0 N.E     26\nDomineer, 49\u00b0 125\u00b0 N.E  119\nDominion Creek, 59\u00b0 133\u00b0 N.W  137\nDonald, I. B     89\nDoran, M.     77\nDoratty, Robert  219\nDorflinger, C. T  138\nDornberg, 49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E     71\nDouble Ed, 55\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.W     22\nDouglas, 49\u00b0  121\u00b0 S.W A 48\nDoyle, E.N         12\nDragon Creek, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W., placer   139\ndrain-tile, production  A 18, A 29, A 36\nDramont Mines, Inc   139\nDrury, K. C      18\nDry Gulch (group), 50\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.W     41\nDrybrough, I.      99\nDueck Building Supplies Ltd   155\nDueck's Gravel Pit     155\nDumac Mines Limited     98\nDuncan, 48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.W., sand and gravel-.-  158\n116\u00b0 S.W  106\nN.W   131\nS.E     78\n   141\nDunmore Mines Ltd     46\nDunn, A     212\nDunn, W. St. C 22, 23, 28\nDunsworth, R. A     12\ndust conditions at British Columbia metalliferous mines during 1956  185\ndust control, metal mines and quarries  185\ndust counts obtained each year since 1937  187\nDuthie, 54\u00b0 127\u00b0 N.E     26\nDuthie Mines (1940) Limited     26\nDuncan Lake, 50\u00b0\nDundas, 49\u00b0 126\u00b0\nDundee, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0\nDunlop, T. M.... 248\nINDEX\nPage\nE.B.V., 48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.W  136\nE. R. Taylor Construction Co. Ltd   156\nEagle, Maple Bay, 55\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E     19\nEagle Creek, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     78\nEast Kootenay Inspection District  215\nEast Lemhi Mining Company A 49\nEastmont, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E     98\nEastwood, G. E. P., geologist, field work A 62\nSpider and Eclipse     99\nEberts, Henry  219\nEcclestone, T.   213\nEclipse, 50\u00b0  117\u00b0 N.W A 50, 99\nEden and Crescent, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W     91\nEdith Lake, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E 47, 49\nEdwards, W. E     33\nEhlers, J. C   111\nEholt, 49\u00b0  118\u00b0 S.W     75\nElcho Harbour, 52\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.W., prospecting A 65\nelectric power  227\ncoal mines  229\nlode mines  227\nnon-metallic mines and quarries  228\nplacer mines  228\nwell drilling rigs  229\nelectricity, coal mines  206\nElizabeth, 51\u00b0  122\u00b0 S.W     37\nElk Lake\u2014see Benson Lake\nElk River Colliery, 49\u00b0 114\u00b0 S.W  221\nElla, 52\u00b0 132\u00b0 N.E   125\nEllen, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.\u2014see Sullivan\nEllison, Henry L  203\nElsie Holmes, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W  106\nElworthy, H. B   159\nEmerald, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E A 50, 80\nEmpire, 50\u00b0  121\u00b0 S.E..\nPage\n      45\nEmpire Development Company Limited  117\nemployment, coal mines A 45, 200\nlode-metal mines  A 5^2\nmining industry. A 45\nEndersby, A.     80\nEndersby, A., Ir  A 51\nEnterprise, 49\u00b0  117\u00b0 N.E A 51, 96, 98\nEnterprise Creek, Cayoosh Creek, 50\u00b0 121\u00b0\nN.W     41\nEnterprise  Creek,  Slocan  Lake,  49\u00b0   117\u00b0\nN.E 96,98,99\nEnterprise Placers  138\nErickson, E. A     80\nErickson, Nels     154\nErie, 55\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.W     26\nErie Creek, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     80\nErin, 50\u00b0  120\u00b0 N.E 48, 60\nEsovoloff, F. F       77\nEstella Mines Limited, Little Gem     40\nEureka, Cronin Mountain, 54\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W...-.    27\nEureka, Eagle Creek, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E A 50, 78\nEvans, Trevor   175\nEvans, W. Fred     57\nEvans, Coleman and lohnson Bros. Ltd  158\nEvening Star, 50 \u00b0120\u00b0 N.E 48,53,57\nEwart, T. G  216\nEwin Creek, 50\u00b0 114\u00b0 S.W., coal  224\nexaminations for assayers A 60\nexploration, oil and natural gas  161\nexplosives, coal mines  205\nlode mines and quarries   184\nExtension, 49\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.W., coal  211\nF.M., 49\u00b0  116\u00b0 N.W..\nFairey, L. T.\nFairey & Company Limited-\nFairley, lames\n     90\n  151\n  151\n  214\nFairview, 49\u00b0 119\u00b0 S.W..-       A 49, 74\nFairview Camp, 49\u00b0 119\u00b0 S.W     74\nFalkland, 50\u00b0 119\u00b0 N.W., gypsum   152\nFalkoski, P   159\nFargo, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E     69\nFarris, D. F. (incorrectly D. T.) 43, 44, 45\nFarwest Tungsten Copper Mines Limited - 43, 44\nFeeney, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E A 50, 80\nFenton Creek, 51\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W     36\nFerguson, 56\u00b0  125\u00b0 N.E     30\nFerry Creek, 58\u00b0 128\u00b0 S.W  148\nFeyer, J. H   139\nfield work, B.C. Department of Mines A 61\nGeological Survey of Canada A 71\nFife, 49\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.E., limestone  152\nFinley Company, Eureka     79\nQueen Victoria      78\nFirebrand, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W     91\nfirst aid  190\nFisher Maiden, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E A 51, 97, 98\nFiva, Gunn     21\nFlorence No. 1, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W     91\nFloyd, E. A     28\nflue-linings, production  A 18\nfluorite, Birch Island     70\nfliuorspar, production  A 34\nflux, production  A 18, A 28, A 34\nFoley Peak, 49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W   115\nFording River, 50\u00b0 114\u00b0 S.W., coal  224\nForge Mountain, 50\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.E 43,44\nForman, H. D 91, 114\nForster Creek, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E., placer  143\nFort St. lames, 54\u00b0 124\u00b0 S.E     29\nprospecting A 65\nFort St. lohn, 56\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W., oil and gas... 161\nFort Steele, 49\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W  109\nplacer   142\nFort Steele Mining Division, prospecting A 66\nFortunasso, loseph  218\nFoster, C. N  155\nFoster's Gravel Pit, 49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E   155\nFountain, 50\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.W  142\nFountain Creek, 50\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.W     41\nFountainview, 50\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.W  142\nFour Creek, 52\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.E., placer  142\nFour Mile Mountain, 55\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.W     26\nFraction No. 1 Fraction, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W     86\nFraction No. 2 Fraction     86\nFrance, Henry A  209\nFraser, W. G  122\nFraser, 48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.E  122\nFraser Lake, 54\u00b0 124\u00b0 S.W     28\nFraser River, 54\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W., lode     30\n50\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.W., placer   142\nFraser Valley Dyking Commission  149\nFraser Valley Lime Supplies  153\nFrebold, H., Geological Survey of Canada ....A 71\nFrederking, R. E.      67\nfreight and treatment, lode-metal mines A 46 INDEX\n249\nPage\nFrench, 49\u00b0  120\u00b0 S.E     73\nFrench Mines Ltd.     73\nFrench Peak, 55\u00b0 126\u00b0 S.W     29\nFriday Fraction, 50\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     93\nFried, L.      97\nFrisina, Umberto .  158\nFrobisher, M.   213\nFry, T.   141\nPage\nFry, W. L., Geological Survey of Canada \u2014-A 71\nfuel and electricity used in mines A 44\nFuller, C. M     33\nFulton, Donald I  158\nFyles, J. G., Geological Survey of Canada ...A 71\nFlyes, J. T., geologist, field work A 62\nreport by  135\nGabbro, 48\u00b0  124\u00b0 S.E .  124\nGabbro Copper Mines Limited  124\nGabrielse, H., Geological Survey of Canada .A 71\nGadara Copper Syndicate     35\nGalaxy Minerals Ltd.      57\nGalena Farm, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E A 51, 97, 98\nGalena Queen, 54\u00b0\nGallo, J.\n127\u00b0 N.E..\n131\u00b0\n117\u00b0\nS.W.\nS.W.\n26\n106\n14\n77\n216\n142\n119\n73\nGeological Survey of Canada, field work A 71\npublications  A 72\n34\n139\n215\n224\nGalore Creek, 57\u00b0\nGander Creek, 49\u00b0\nGardner H. H\t\nGegg, R. C\t\nGeiger, A. F.\t\nGeminder, W. W.\nN.W., placer.\nGeraldine, 52\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W....\nGermansen River, 55\u00b0 124\u00b0\nGerrard, S.\t\nGething, L. \t\nGiant Mascot Mines Limited, Lead Mountain..! 12\nSilver Giant .\nGiegerich, J. E.\nGierhartz, C. F.\nIll\n108\n139\nGiesen, Fred  138\nGilleland, H. B     23\nGilley, J. H 150, 156\nGilley Bros. Limited, Coquitlam   156\nPitt River\n150\nGillies Bay, 49\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W  116\nGillis, D.\nGilmour, H. \t\nGilroy, O. C. ......\nGirow, Roger .._\nGlacier, 50\u00b0  116\u00b0\n174\n213\n14\n222\n106\n106\nS.W\t\nGlacier Creek, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W\t\nGlen, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.W     48\nGlen Mountain, 55\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.W     23\nGlengarry, 49\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W  131\nGnawed Mountain, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W     46\nGo Lucky, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     80\nGoat Creek, 54\u00b0 127\u00b0 N.E., coal  224\nGoat River, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W  107\ngold, deposits  239\nprice  A 10, A 16\nproduction   A 17-A 26, A 30, A 47\nGold Commissioners, Mining Recorders and\nSub-Mining Recorders  A 54\nGold Commissioners' and Mining Recorders'\noffice statistics  A 56\n     76\n     69\n  139\n     57\n  142\n 18, 80\n     98\nGold King, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.W.\nGoldcrest Mines Ltd.\t\nGolden Ketch Placers Ltd., The  ..\nGolden Star, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E\t\nGoldstream River, 51\u00b0 118\u00b0 N.W.\nGordon, G. A. \t\nGordon, K. \t\nGormley, L. \t\nGowing, O. \t\nGraham, F. Ronald\nGraham, W. E.\n.97, 99\n- 79\n... 213\n...   99\nGraham Bosquet Gold Mines Limited,\nland Valley \t\nKamloops\t\nGranby Bay, 55\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.W. ...\nHigh-\n45\n48\n22\nGranby Consolidated Mining, Smelting and\nPower Company Limited, The, Copper\nMountain     72\nFrench \t\nKamloops \t\nMcDonald Island\nMaple Bay\t\nNi\t\nPhoenix \t\n..48.\n73\n66\n29\n19\n34\n75\nPoison Mountain     35\nGranby Slag Dump  159\nGrand Forks, 49\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.E., slag  159\nGrand Forks Cartage Company Limited  159\nGranduc, 56\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E     15\nGranduc Mines, Limited  15, 17\n... 17\n... 149\n... 35\n... 150\n... 78\n, A 34\nGranduc Mountain,\ngranite\n56\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E.\nGranite Creek, 51\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.E\t\nGranite Falls, 49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W\t\nGranite Poorman, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\ngranules, production A 18, A 28,\ngraphite, Elcho Harbour  A 65\nGrassy Creek, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     80\nGrassy Mountain, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     80\nGreen, L. H., Geological Survey of Canada. A 71\nGreen Bay Mining & Exploration Ltd  108\nGreenway, A. K.  41, 142\nGreenwood, 49\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.W     75\nslag   159\nGreenwood Mining Division, prospecting A 66\nGreenwood Slag Dump   159\nGreer, lames  192\nGregory, William   217\nGreyhound, 49\u00b0 118* S.W     75\nGrouse Creek, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W., placer  141\ngrub-staking prospectors  A 63\nGuf, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E     93\nGuerin Creek, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E 50, 58\nGuichon Creek, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W     46\nGuichon Creek batholith     41\nGuichon Mine Limited      47\nGuiguet, M     31\nGun Creek, 50\u00b0 122\u00b0 N.W     40\ngypsum   152\n..A 18, A 28, A 34\nproduction\t\nGypsum Lime and Alabastine, Canada, Limited, Blubber Bay  153\nFalkland  A 10, 152 250\nINDEX\nH\nPage\nHAB, 57\u00b0 131\u00b0 S.W     14\nH.B., 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E A 50, 83\ndangerous occurrences 179, 182\nHackett River, 58\u00b0 131\u00b0 S.W      14\nHaddington Island, 50\u00b0 127\u00b0 N.E  149\nHadgkiss, I  150\nHagan Arm, 54\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.E     29\nHaggard, L. R.      29\nHaile, loseph I., Instructor A 60\nHall, E.      99\nHall, E., Geological Survey of Canada A 72\nHall, W.      95\nHall Creek, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E  107\nHalley, J. Kenneth 116, 129\nHalstead, E. C, Geological Survey of Canada  A 71\nHam, A. M     96\nHaney, 49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W., clay and shale  150\nHansard, 54\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W     30\nHansen, V.      97\nHanson, V. C     94\nHarbottle, E. H.         25\nHard Luck, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     80\nHarder, H. H   123\nHargood, H. W   139\nHarper, Grant     95\nHarrison, Minerals Ltd., Mouse Mountain....    33\nTam O'Shanter      90\nHarvey Creek Mines Limited    142\nHaskin, Mount, 59\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.E     11\nHaskins, R. E  154\nHaycock, L.      79\nHaylmore, W.  40, 142\nHazelton, 55\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.W     23\nHead Bay, 49\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.E   131\nHecla, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E A 51, 96\nHector, 49 \u00b0 116 \u00b0 N.W     91\nHedley, M. S., Senior Geologist A 61\nHedley, 49\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.E     73\nHeller, D. W     47\nHellroaring Creek, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E  108\nHemphill, W. M   159\nHenderson, 54\u00b0 127\u00b0 N.E     26\nHerbert Creek, 49\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W   110\nHercules, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W     92\nHewat, C. H     76\nHewitt, 49\u00b0  117\u00b0 N.E A 51, 97\nHewlett, C. G., geologist, field work A 62\nHidden Creek mine, 55\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.W     21\nHidden Treasure, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E  112\nHiggins, C.      97\nHiggins & Co     97\nHigh, William 191, 213\nHighland, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W     91\nHighland-Bell, 49\u00b0 119\u00b0 S.E A 48, 74\ndangerous occurrence    182\nHighland-Bell Limited     74\nHighland Sand and Gravel Company Limited  156\nHighland Valley     41\nHighland Valley Mining Corporation Ltd.....    41\nHighlander, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W A 51, 91\nHill, Henry L 17,27, 111\nHillcrest, 48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.E  122\nPage\nHillside, 49\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.E., sand and gravel  157\nHillside Sand & Gravel Limited  157\nHinckley, 49\u00b0  117\u00b0 N.E A 51, 95\nHinckley Mining Co     97\nHirst, P. E     46\nHixon Creek, 53\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W., placer  139\nHixon Placers Inc  139\nHogan and McCuaig     75\nHogarth, D. N     80\nHolland, S. S., geologist, field work A 62\nreports by      34\nHighland Valley     41\nTrophy Mountain     69\nHollyburn  Trucking  and  Excavating Contractors  157\nHomenuke, S.     27\nHomestake, 54\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W     27\nHooker Creek, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W     88\nHope, 49 \u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W     87\nHope, Glen     11\nHorn Fraction, 50\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     93\nHornby, Harry   155\nHornby General Machinery Company  155\nHome, Angus      70\nHorse Creek, 48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W  123\nHorsethief Creek, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E   111\nHougen, O. R  141\nHouseman Creek, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W., placer-... 141\nHowe Sound, 49\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.E  115\nsand and gravel  157\nslate   150\nHubler, W. D  142\nHudson Bay Exploration and Development\nCompany Limited     14\nHudson Bay Mountain, 54\u00b0 127\u00b0 N.E     26\nHuestis, H. H 34, 45\nHughes, E. R., Senior Inspector A 60\nreports by 46, 47, 70-75, 152, 159, 214\nHighland Valley     41\nHughes, H. C, Chief Inspector of Mines\t\n A 2, A 60\nreport by  167\nHughes, J. E., geologist, field work A 62\nHughes, Richard   217\nHughes, Sidney  219\nHula, Herman   203\nHulbert, Vans H  218\nHummingbird, 54\u00b0 127\u00b0 N.E     26\nHumphrey Creek, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E     47\nHungerford, R. M.  151\nHungry Man, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     79\nHunt, M    43\nHunter, Ivan A  159\nHurdle, B. E  108\nHurley River, 50\u00b0 122\u00b0 N.W., placer  142\nHustler Fraction, 50\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     93\nHutchinson, L.   213\nHutton, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.W     31\nHuus, P. K., engineering assistant A 62\nHyde Creek, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W., placer  141\nhydromagnesite, production A 34\nHyndman, Art  138 INDEX\n251\nI.X.L., 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.W.\nIke, 53\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.-\nIllidge, T. W.\nPage\n. 77\n. 28\n.    37\nImperial Coal Company  224\nIndian Chief, 49\u00b0 126\u00b0 S.E  119\nIndian River Quarries Limited  150\nindium, production  A 18, A 27, A 32\nindustrial minerals   145\nproduction A 17, A 18, A 28, A 30, A 34\nIngenika Mines Limited, Ferguson     30\nIngenika River, 56\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W     30\nprospecting  A 65\nIngram, W. L., petroleum engineer A 62\nInland Copper Mines Ltd     58\nInland Dredging Ltd.     90\nInspection Branch  A 60\ninspection committees, coal mines  207\ninspection of electrical equipment and installations   227\ninspection of lode mines, placer mines, and\nquarries   167\nInterior Contracting Company Limited  159\nPage\nintroduction   A 7\nIrish, E. J. W., Geological Survey of Canada A 72\niron, deposits   239\nIron Cap, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E 48, 49, 68\nIron Crown, 50\u00b0 126\u00b0 S.W  133\nIron Hill, 49\u00b0 125\u00b0 N.W A 48, 10, 119\nIron Mask, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E 47, 50-53, 58, 60\nIron Mask batholith    47\nIron Mountain, Salmo, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E. 80, 82\nIron Mountain, Williams Lake, 52\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E.    33\nIron Mountain Nos. 1 to 7     33\niron ore, production A 18, A 27, A 32\niron-ore deposits of coastal and southwestern\nBritish Columbia, by W. R. Bacon   125\niron oxides, production A 18, A 35\nIron Range Mountain, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E  107\nIron River, 49\u00b0 125\u00b0 N.E  131\nIsaacs, Arthur  153\nIskut River, 56\u00b0 131\u00b0 N.W     14\nprospecting  A 64\nIves, I. S     28\nJ.G., 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W..\n106\n156\n31\n139\n78\nlack Cewe Blacktop Ltd\t\nlack of Clubs Lake, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W\t\nplacer \t\nlack Pot, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E\t\nlacko Lake, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E 47, 48, 49, 58\nlackson Mines Limited     43\nlagger, P. S  151\nJames, A. R. C, Inspector of Mines A 60\nreports by 11-31, 137, 138, 146-148, 224\nJames, H. T 28, 39\nJamieson, F. \t\nJay, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E\t\nJaye Explorations Limited ..\nJedway Bay, 52\u00b0 131\u00b0 S.E.\nJensen, 49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E. \t\n  139\n  58\n  17\n  22\n  71\nJericho Mines Ltd.   46\nJersey, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E A 50, 80\naccident   170\nJersey Lake, 50\u00b0  120\u00b0 S.W  45\nJessiman, Kenneth   149\nJeune Landing, 50\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.W., limestone  154\nJewitt, W. G\t\nJim, Kamloops, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E. ...\nJim, Yanks Peak, 52\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.E.\nJim Smith Lake, 49\u00b0 115\u00b0 S.W.\n108\n67\n33\n158\nlohn Creek, St. Mary River\u2014see Alki Creek\nJohnson, Mr A 48\n139\n19\n151\n12\n29\n156\n213\n18\n67\n114\n124\n141\n108\n111\n110\nJohnson, A. C. \t\nJohnson, A. R. \t\nJohnson, J. V.\t\nJohnson, O. I. \t\nlohnston, H. B.\t\nJohnston, E. \t\nJohnstone, W. W.\t\nJokanovitch, Mr. \t\nJoker, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E\t\nJordan River, Columbia River, 51\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.E.\nlordan River, luan de Fuca Strait, 48\u00b0 124\u00b0\nS.E. \t\nJorgenson, D.\t\nJoseph Creek, 49\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W\t\nJubilee Mountain, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E\t\nJumbo Creek, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E\t\nK\nKamloops, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E     47\nKamloops Copper Company Ltd.    58\nKamloops Mining Division, prospecting A 66\nKaslo Base Metals, Ltd     92\nKaslo River, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W     93\nKavanagh, Keith 20, 174\nKee Khan Creek, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W., placer  141\nKeewatis, 50\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     93\nKehoe, Ray  157\nKeithley Creek, 52\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.E., placer  141\nKellogg, E  141\nKellough, W     17\nKelly, J     96\nKelowna Mines Hedley Limited     73\nKendall-Leicester, J. F.   123\nKennco Explorations (Canada) Limited, Pothook, Kamloops      48\nKennecott Copper Corporation     46\nKenney, J. R.   95\nKenville Mill  78\nKenwood, L. P.  22\nKeystone, 50\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.E  43\nKiakho Lake, 49\u00b0 115\u00b0 S.W  158\nKiernan, Hon. W. K., Minister of Mines  A 2\nKildare Creek, 55\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W., placer  139\nKilgard, 49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E., clay and shale  151\nKimberley, 49\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W                .. 108\nKimberley, Kamloops, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0\nKindrat, P. \t\nKing, R. B., Inspector of Mines\t\nreports by 114\nKing, Bralorne, 50\u00b0 122\u00b0 N.W. \t\nKing, Cranbrook, 49\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W....\nKing, Glaser Creek, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W.\nKing Fissure, 51\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.E\t\nKing Gething mine, 56\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E. .\nN.E 48, 69\n     17\n A 60\n124, 149-159\n     38\n108\n106\n114\n225 252\nINDEX\nPage\nKing Mountain, 58\u00b0 128\u00b0 S.E  148\nKingfisher Fraction, 50\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.E  117\nKingpin, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E     69\nKinney, L. M     85\nKinskuch, 55\u00b0 129\u00b0 N.W     21\nKinskuch Lake, 55\u00b0 129\u00b0 N.E     21\nKirby, Luke  73, 191\nKirbyville Creek, 51\u00b0 118\u00b0 N.W., placer  142\nKitchener, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E  107\nKitsault River, 55\u00b0  129\u00b0 N.W.  19,21\nKlaanch, 50\u00b0 126\u00b0 S.W  133\nKleman, Mr. A 48\nKline, D. M     94\nKluea Lake, 57\u00b0 129\u00b0 N.W     14\nKniert, Kenneth   222\nKnight, Arthur  157\nKnight, H. W     91\nKnutsford, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E     49\nKoncewicz, W.     78\nPage\n80\nKonkin, W. M. \t\nKootenay Belle Gold Mines Limited     93\nKootenay Chief, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W     89\nKootenay Florence, 49\u00b0  116\u00b0 N.W A 51, 91\nKootenay Granite Products Limited  149\nKootenay Lake, South (49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W.)     86\nNorth (49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.)    .    87\nKootenay-Selkirk, 49\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W  109\nKootenay Selkirk Mines Limited   108\nKoska, Charles, Jr.  208\nKozar, J.     85\nKraft, A.      80\nKrain Copper Ltd.     43\nKrall, John   219\nKrall, Thomas  217\nKrao, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.      91\nKumhila Exploration Co. Ltd.  139\nKumle, K. R  139\nKusnir, Paul   219\nL & L Dredging\t\nL.S. No. 1 Fraction, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E.\nLaber, Rudolf Herbert\t\nlabour\u2014see employment\nLac la Hache, 52\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W\t\nLaco Mines Limited \t\nLady A, 48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.W\t\nLadysmith, 48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.W.\n  139\n.-..- 59\n.148, 173\n  34\n  45\n  135\n  135\nLadysmith Development Ltd.    135\nLafarge Cement of North America Ltd.    153\nLafranier, J. T.     23\nLaib, K. K     86\nLake, 49\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.   129\nLakeshore, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W     91\nLakeview, Sanca, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W.      86\nLakit Creek, 49\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W  110\nLamb, 55\u00b0 129\u00b0 N.W     20\nLandell, S. B     75\nLane, T.      92\nLang, E. F   141\nLangley,  49\u00b0   122\u00b0   S.W.,  sand  and  gravel\n 155,156\nLangley Gravel and Contracting   155\nLangley Prairie, 49\u00b0   122\u00b0  S.W., sand and\ngravel   155\nLansing, L. J  106\nLapierre, T.  155\nLardeau Mines Exploration Limited  101\nLarner, Ralph  221\nLarsen, 50\u00b0  120\u00b0 N.E 52,58,59\nLast Chance, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E     94\nLast Chance Creek, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W., placer.... 141\nLatour, B. A., Geological Survey, Canada   .A 72\nLaura M, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W A 51, 92\nLawrence, S. J  213\nLawson, W. J .     18\nLazenby, H. S     29\nlead, deposits   239\nprice A 10, A 16\nproduction A 17-A 26, A 47\nLead Mountain, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E  112\nLeask T 97\nLeduc GJacier, 56\" 130\" S.E     .     _15J16, 17\nLeduc River, 56\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E     15\nLee, G. J     39\nLeech, G. B., Geological Survey, Canada A 71\nLegg, R. E     94\nLendrum Creek, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W 91,92\nLetain Asbestos, 58\u00b0 128\u00b0 S.E  148\nLe Toile, A.\n     25\nLewis, C.  213\nLewis, Glyn   212\nLewis mine, 49\u00b0.123\u00b0 S.W  212\nLiard Mining Division, prospecting A 64\nlibraries, list of-  237\nLiebel, Ralph  119\nLiening, S. A 77, 92\nLightning Creek, 53\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E., placer  141\nLikely, 52\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.W., placer  141\nLillooet, 50\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.W., lode     37\nplacer   142\nLillooet Mining Division, prospecting A 66\nlimestone and cement  152\nproduction A 18, A 29, A 36\nLind, C     92\nLindeman, E.   133\nLineham, J. D., Chief, Petroleum and Natural Gas Conservation Branch A 2, A 62\nLins, B A     77\nLipsack Enterprises Limited, accident  171\nLipsey, G. C  115\nLittle, H. W., Geological Survey, Canada ...A 71\nLittle, J. D     80\nLittle Gem, 50\u00b0 122\u00b0 N.W     40\nLittle Joe, 49\u00b0 119\u00b0 S.W A 49\nLittle Mountain quarry, 49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W   149\nLittler, Albert  221\nLittler, James  216\nLivingston, E.      22\nLockeport Harbour, 52\u00b0 131\u00b0 N.W     22\nlode-metal deposits referred to in 1956 Annual Report  239\nlode-metal mines       1\nelectric power  227\nemployment  A 45\ngeneral review\ntonnage, number, and value A 46\nlode-metal producers in 1956 A 47\nlode metals, production\t\n A 17, A 18, A 26, A 30, A 31\nLodestone Mountain, 49\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W   136\nLone Bachelor, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E     95\nLone Bachelor Mines Limited     95\nLong Creek, 48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.E  122\nLope, 50\u00b0  117\u00b0 S.E     93\nLorry. 48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.E    122\nLost Chord, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E 49, 51, 54, 56\nLost Creek, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     82 INDEX\n253\nPage\nLoudon, W    212\nLoudon No. 6 mine, 49\u00b0 124\u00b0 S.E  212\nLower Arrow Lake, 49\u00b0 118\u00b0 N.E     99\nLowhee Creek, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W., placer   139\nLucky, 50\u00b0 115\u00b0 S.W   149\nLucky Boy, Crescent Valley, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.W.    77\nLucky Boy, Salmo, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     80\nLucky Four, 49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W  115\nLucky Strike, Cronin Mountain, 54\u00b0   126\u00b0\nN.W.      27\nPage\nLucky Strike, Kamloops, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E\t\n 47, 50, 51, 57, 58, 63\nLucky Thought\u2014see A.U.\nLudditt, A. W.   141\nLudwick, George Andrew ....\u201413, 174\nLynn Creek, 49\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.E., sand and gravel\n  157\nLynnmour, 49\u00b0  123\u00b0 S.E., sand and gravel\n 156, 157\nLyon, H.      98\nMc and Mac\nMac No. 1, 54\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E  129\nMac Nos. 2 to 6 Fractions   129\nMacaulay, R   141\nMacBeth, J     40\nMcBeth, James  150\nMcCammon, J. W., mineral engineer, field\nwork A 62\nreport by  151\nMcCartney, W. D., Geological Survey, Canada  A 71\nMcClay Construction Company     75\nMcClellan, A. J     43\nMcClure Creek, 51\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.E     35\nMacColm, C. L    141\nMcCool, G. W     17\nMcCready, G. E      93\nMcCrory, P.      93\nMcCullough, M. P.      96\nMcDame, 59\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.E.      11\nMcDame Creek, 59\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.E.      11\nMcDame, Mount, 59\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.W   146\nMcDearmid, J. M.  111\nMacDonald, A.     80\nMcDonald, C. H  149\nMacDonald, Francis J.   150\nMcDonald, H.    174\nMcDonald, J. A.    149\nMcDonald, Oswood G 120, 123, 124\nMacdonald, P. J.  ..  141\nMacdonald, Mrs. P. J.  141\nMcDonald Creek, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E  111\nMcDonald Island, 54\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.E     29\nMacDougall, R. E  139\nMcFadden, V.    141\nMacGowan, J.      33\nMcGregor, J. E     89\nMcGregor River, 54\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E.     30\nMclnnes, John   217\nMcintosh, Russel T.\n14\nMclntyre   and   Harding   Gravel   Company\nLimited   158\nMaclsaac, A.     90\nMcKamey, R. L     11\nMcKay, Don  153\nMcKay, I     79\nMcKay, J. J     12\nMcKay, Walter  216\nMcKay Quarry, 49\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W _.  153\nMcKechnie, N. D., geologist, field work A 62\nreport on Blue Grouse  120\nNitinat area    122\nMcKee, J. H.   142\nMcKee Creek, 59\u00b0 133\u00b0 S.W., placer  138\nMackenzie, T. A., engineering assistant A 62\nMcLaren, W. F  122\nMcLean, Earl Gilbert  170\nMacLean, J. C     83\nMcLean, W.      21\nMcLeese Lake, 52\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E     33\nMcLellan, William Lloyd  175\nMcLeod, Mr.      18\n.._.    75\n.....    75\n80\nMcLeod, J. W. _.\nMacLeod, M. H.\nMacLeod, R. .\nMcLeod, R. R., Senior Petroleum Engineer.A 62\nMcLeod, W. H     97\nMaclynn Gravel Co. Ltd.   157\nMcMahon, Frank     93\nMacMillan, A. D.   157\nMacMillan, George A.     95\nMcMillin, 52\u00b0 131\u00b0 S.E.     22\nMcNab Creek, 49\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.E., slate  150\nMcPhee, J. R  174\nMacPherson, William    148\nMcVeigh, Frank  217\nM\nM.B., 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E..\nM.S., 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E..\nmachine-mined coal .\nMagee, J. B.\nmagnesium, production\t\nMaid of Erin, 59\u00b0 136\u00b0 N.W.\n. 107\n_ 78\n. 206\n. 110\n..A 32\nMainland Clay Products Limited\nMaio, Silvio \t\n......A 47, 11\n  151\n  209\nMakaoo Development Company, Limited \u2014    54\nMamit Lake, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W 41, 46\nMammoth, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E A 51, 96\nmanganese, deposits  239\nproduction  A 32\nManning, C. M.      37\nManning, S. M.  112, 117\nManning Park, 49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E  114\nMannix, Ltd.   220\nManson Creek, 55\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.W., placer  138\nMaple Bay, 55\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E     18\nMaple Bay Copper Mines Limited     18\nmaps showing mineral claims, placer claims,\nand placer-mining leases A 67\nMarble Bay, 49\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W., limestone  153\nMark Creek, 49\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W  109\nmarl   154\nMartini, L. N     93\nMason, J. D.     14\nMatheson, D. N.      37\nMatson, C. M  220\nMattson, A. V   137\nMattson, D. S  137\nMattson, E. J.  107 254\nINDEX\nMattson, R. M.      12\nMattson, T. R.  _      137\nMaus Creek, 49\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W., placer ......  142\nMaus Creek Placers    142\nMaxwell, M.            76\nMay-Bee, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E   107\nMay E, 49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E     71\nMay P.J., 56\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E     18\nMay Queen, 55\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E     19\nMeade, Thomas   168\nMeadow Creek, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W     46\nMenduk, Stanley   217\nMenzies, M. M.     75\nmercury, deposits   239\nproduction A 18, A 27, A 33\nMeridian mill   100\nMerrett, I. E., Inspector of Mines A 60\nreports by -106-112, 142, 148, 149, 152, 158\nMerritt, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W     47\ncoal   215\nMerry Widow No. 5, 50\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.E  117\nMerryth, Frank      34\nMesachie Lake, 48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.E  122\nMetcalf, S. M.      79\nmethane detection  207\nMeurling, O.     99\nMeury, P.      41\nmica, production A 18, A 28, A 35\nMichel Colliery, 49\u00b0 114\u00b0 N.W  216\naccidents     202\nMidas, 52\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.E     33\nMidnight, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.W     77\nMidnight Consolidated Mines Ltd     77\nMid-North Engineering Services Ltd.     90\nMid-West Copper & Uranium Mines Ltd., Cu 111\nVelvet      76\nMid-West Engineering Services Limited     95\nMillar, D. A  141\nMillar, H. C   141\nMillar, K.      98\nMiller, Harry  221\nMiller, J. W     97\nMiller, W. H  142\nmillisecond delay detonators  207\nMills, Frank S 97, 98\nmills         9\nMillwhite Mud Services  149\nMin, 50\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     93\nMine Creek, 54\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W     30\n A 49, 110\n   172\nMineral King, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E.\naccident\ndangerous occurrence  184\nmine-rescue   190\nMine Safety Associations 191, 192\nMineralogical Branch, field work A 61\nMines Branch (Federal) A 72\nMink Gulch, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W., placer   139\nmining divisions amalgamated since 1949-\u2014 A 54\nmining laws and laws related to the mineral\nindustry A 58\nPage\nmiscellaneous metals, production\t\n A 17, A 18, A 27, A 30, A 32\nMitchell, J. A 18, 29, 30\nSenior Inspector of Mines A 60\nMoen, O.     .        106\nMohawk, Granite Creek, 51\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.E.       .    35\nMohawk, Hazelton, 55\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.W     26\nMohawk Creek, 50\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.W  105\nMolly, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W     46\nmolybdenite, production A 33\nMolybdenite Creek, 52\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W     34\nmolybdenum, deposits ...     ... _ 239\nMonarch, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E     96\nMonitor, 50\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E  ....    93\nMonk Creek, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W     85\nMonte Carlo, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E.--48-51, 53, 63, 67\nMontgomery, W. B     39\nMontpellier, Benjamin C  171\nMoonshine, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W  106\nMoore, J. C     39\nMoose, 55\u00b0 129\u00b0 N.W     20\nMoresby Island, 52\u00b0 131\u00b0 N.W 22, 125\nMorgan, D. R., Inspector of Mines A 60\nreport by   215\nMorgan, Irving  216\nMorning Star mill     74\nMorris, Brindley  223\nMorris, lames E  221\nMostique Creek, 53\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E., placer  141\nMother Lode, 49\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.W     75\nMoul Creek, 51\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E     69\nMount Royal, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E     98\nMt. Washington Copper Co. Ltd  119\nMountain Minerals Limited   148\nMouse Mountain 53\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E A 47, 33\nMouse Mountain Nos. 1 to 15, 53\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E.    33\nMuir, Bill  175\nMulcahy, P. I., Chief Gold Commissioner\nand Chief Commissioner, Petroleum and\nNatural Gas     A 2\nMulholland, J. W     88\nMullin, Edward   215\nMullin's Strip Mine Ltd  215\nMunro, W. A  154\nMurderer Gulch, 52\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.W., placer  141\nMurdoch, Gordon   217\nMurex, 49\u00b0 125\u00b0 N.E  120\nMurphy, J. A     94\nMurray, B. C     40\nMurray, Gordon C  119\nMurray, J. W     58\nMurray, N. F  146\nMurray Ridge, 54\u00b0 124\u00b0 S.E     29\nMurrayville, 49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W., sand and gravel 155\nmuseums  A 67\nMusgrave, 48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.W  136\nMusser, C. D       37\nMyers, H.  97, 98\nMystery, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E  108\nN\nN.G.N. Partnership  97, 98\nNadira Mines Limited   123\nNanaimo, 49\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.W., coal  211\nNanaimo Mining Division, prospecting A 67\nNash, Frederick   217\nNasmith,   H.   W.,   mineral   engineer,   field\nwork  A 62\nNason, O. K  139\nnatro-alunite, production A 35\nnatural gas, permits, leases, royalties, etc A 57\nproduction A 17, A 19, A 24, A 30\nsamples A 58\nNellie Fraction, 50\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.      93\nNelson, I. G  100\nNelson, W. I.  54, 57, 58\nNelson, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     77 INDEX\n255\nPa ie\nNelson Island, 49\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.E  150\nNelson Mining Division, prospecting A 66\nNelway, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\nNeroutsos Inlet, 50\u00b0 127\u00b0\nlimestone ...\nNesbitt, I.\nS.W.\n85\n117\n154\n98\n27\n22\nNew Cronin Babine Mines Limited\t\nNew   Jersey   Zinc   Explorations   Company\n(Canada) Ltd. \t\nNew Santiago Mines Limited     96\nNew Westminster Mining Division, prospecting  A 66\nNew York Alaska Gold Dredging Limited  114\nNewkirk, B. W     75\nNewkirk Mining Corporation Limited  119\nNewmont Mining Corporation, Spider  100\nNext Creek, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W     86\nNey, C. S     21\nNi     34\nNicholas, G.   213\nnickel, Williams Lake     34\ndeposits   239\nproduction A 33\nNickel Plate, 49\u00b0  120\u00b0 S.E A 49\nNicola Mining Division, prospecting A 66\nNicolet, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W     91\nNicola, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W     47\nNicola-Princeton Inspection District  214\nNigger Creek, 52\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.E., placer  142\nNight Hawk, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E 48, 58\nNimpkish Lake, 50\u00b0 126\u00b0 S.W  133\nNine Mile Creek, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W., placer  141\nNithi Mountain, 53\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W     28\nNitinat area, 48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W  122\nNitinat Lake, 48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W.  122, 123\nNitinat River, 48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W 122, 123, 124\nNixon, W    98\nNoble Five, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E A 51, 94\nNoland Mines Limited  137\nPage\nnon-metallic   mines   and   quarries,   electric\npower   228\nNoonday, Kamloops, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E 47, 51, 56\nNoonday, Silverton, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E A 51, 98\n  131\n     92\nNootka Sound, 49\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W.\nNoranda, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W\t\nNoranda   Exploration   Company,\nEholt \t\nYreka\t\nNorcross, D. H. \t\nNorma, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E\t\nNorris, C. J. \t\nNorth Lardeau \t\nNorth Star, 55\u00b0 129\u00b0 N.W. ...\nNorth Wellington, 49\u00b0 124\u00b0\nLimited,\nS.E.\n75\n.. 117\n...A 51\n...    60\n... 139\n- 99\n...    20\n- 212\nNorthern Gem Mining Corporation Ltd     40\nNorthern Inspection District  224\nNorthlodge Copper Mines Limited     44\nNorthwest Ventures Ltd.      17\nNorthwestern   Explorations,   Limited,   Guichon Creek      46\nKinskuch and Reina Blanca     21\nMount Haskin     11\nNorville, J.      78\nNovak, E. J A 50\nNugget, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E A 50, 80\nNo.  1  East mine, Elk River Colliery, 49\u00b0\n114\u00b0 S.W.   221\ndangerous occurrence  208\nNo.  1 mine, Elk River Colliery, 49\u00b0   114\u00b0\nS.W  223\nNo. 3 mine, Elk River Colliery, 49\u00b0   114\u00b0\nS.W  222\nmine, Elk River Colliery, 49\u00b0  114\u00b0\nNo. 4\nS.W.\nNo. 9\nmine, Elk River Colliery, 49\u00b0\nS.W. \t\naccidents\t\n  222\n114\u00b0\n221\n1202, 203\no\nO.K., Highland Valley, 50\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E     45\nO.K., Kamloops, 50\u00b0  120\u00b0 N.E.  54, 57\nO.K., Rossland, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.W     77\nO.K., Roxey Creek, 50\u00b0 122\u00b0 N.W .     40\nO'Brien, M. M     37\nObservatory Inlet     21\noffices, B.C. Department of Mines and Department of Mines and Technical Surveys .A 68\nOgden, A.   141\nOgden, P. W.  _.  141\nOgilvie, C. O   106\nOgilvie, G. S.  74, 152\nOlalla, 49\u00b0 119\u00b0 S.W     73\nOlalla No. 2, 49\u00b0 119\u00b0 S.W A 49, 73\nOlalla Mines Limited     73\nOld Sport, 50\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.E  117\nOliver, 49\u00b0 119\u00b0 S.W     74\nsilica     159\nOlivine Mountain, 49\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W  136\nOliver Silica Quarry  159\nOlson, P. E     91\nOmineca area, lode mines     29\nplacer   .... _  138\nOmineca Mining Division, prospecting  A 65\nO'Neil, Henry\nOregon, 49\u00b0  120\u00b0 S.E.\nOrmsby Mines Ltd. \u2014\nOrnatowiz, Anton \t\nO'Rourke, P. \t\nOrphan Boy, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0\nN.E.\n221\n..    73\n- 69\n__ 172\n- 174\n54,56\n...A 6\nOsoyoos Mining Division, prospecting ....\nOsprey, 50\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E       45\nOttawa, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E A 51\nOttawa Silver Mining & Milling Company..\nOtter Creek, 59\u00b0 133\u00b0 N.E., placer\t\nOuray, 50\u00b0  117\u00b0 S.E. \t\nOuray Fraction, 50\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E\t\nOutrider, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W\t\nOutsider, 55\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E\t\n,99\n99\n138\n93\n93\n44\n19 256\nINDEX\nPacific, 54\u00b0 127\u00b0 N.E. -\nPacific Petroleums Ltd.\nPacific Silica Limited ....\nPacific Western Mud Service Ltd.\nPaddy Peak, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E\t\nPalang, 50\u00b0 122\u00b0 N.W. ...\npalladium, production\nPage\n     26\n  161\n  159\n  149\n     93\n     40\n A 33\nPanter, K.   174\nParadise, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E A 49\nParker, A  158\nParker, J. M     15\nParker, S. S.      46\nParker Creek, 48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W 122, 123, 124\nParkes, R. E     47\nParliament, J. H.      75\nParson, 51\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W., barite  148\nParsons, Herbert  218\nPasiaud, Roger  218\nPaskewitch, Andrew  202\nPat, 53\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W     28\nPataha, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.\u2014see Hercules\nPatterson, J. W., Inspector of Mines A 60\nreports by  31-41, 138-142\nPaul, 50\u00b0 122\u00b0 N.W       40\nPaupo Creek, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E     99\nPaxton, 49\u00b0 114\u00b0 N.W A 48, 116, 131\nPayne, T.   142\nPayne, Mount, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.      96\nPeace River, 56\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E., coal  225\n56\u00b0 120\u00b0, oil and gas  161\nPearce, D.      99\nPearson, D.     33\nPeck, I. W., Inspector of Mines A 60\nreports by 76-106, 114, 142\nSpider and Eclipse     99\nPelletier, Duane   202\nPend d'Oreille River, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     85\nPendle, A  139\nPengelly, W. D     95\nPentland, A. G 76, 111\nperlite, production A 19, A 35\nPerry, O. S     74\nPerry, R. D   108\nPerry, S. A.   114\nPetersen, E. H    96\nPeterson Creek, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E     47\npetroleum, exploration   161\npermits, leases, royalties, etc. A 57\nproduction A 17, A 19, A 24, A 30, 161\nsamples A 58, 166\nwells operated 164, 165\nPettoello, Mario   217\nPhoenix, 49\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.W     75\nPhoenix Copper Company Limited     75\nphosphate rock, production A 35\nPiccolo, loe   138\nPiccolo, Luigi   138\nPickard, E    91\nPiener, C. W.   141\nPioneer, 50\u00b0 122\u00b0 N.W A 49, 39\ndangerous occurrences 180, 182\nPioneer Gold Mines of B.C. Limited     39\nPine Creek, 59\u00b0 133\u00b0 N.E., placer  138\nPitkethly, D  151\nPitt, Arthur  153\nPitt, C. H.   141\nPage\nPitt River, 49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W., granite   150\nPlacer Creek, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W., placer   139\nPlacer Development Limited     80\nplacer mines   137\nelectric power  228\nemployment  A 45\nplatinum, production A 18, A 27, A 33\nPlecash, M. D.   172\nPlughat Creek, 55\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W., placer  139\nPogue Exploration Company 15, 16\nPoison Mountain, 51\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W     35\nPoison Mountain (Poisonmount) Creek, 51\u00b0\n122\u00b0 S.W.     35\nPolaris Taku concentrator      12\npolice and coroners' exhibits  A 59\nPool Creek, 50\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.W 100, 101\nPoole, H. W .  108\nPopkum, 49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W., limestone  153\nmarl  154\nPopkum Marl Products Limited  154\nPorcher Island, 53\u00b0 130\u00b0 N.E 23, 129\nPorcupine   River,   Iskut   River,   58\u00b0    133\u00b0\nN.W, prospecting A 64\nPorcupine  River,  Stikine  River,   57\u00b0   131\u00b0\nS.W.       14\nPort Haney Brick Company Limited  150\nPort Mann, 49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W., sand and gravel 155\nPortage Mountain, 56\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E., coal  225\nPorter, Nat   139\nPortland Canal     17\nPortland No. 5, 50\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     93\nPortman, A. E.  152\nPostle, L. T  ...15, 29, 75\nPostlethwaite, W.     96\npottery, production A 18, A 29, A 36\nPowney, C. S.      28\nPremier Border, dangerous occurrence  183\nPrentice, W. R  216\nPrescott, 49\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W A48, 116, 131\nPrice, R. A., Geological Survey of Canada _ A 72\nprices, average used in valuing Provincial\nmineral production A 14, A 16\nPriest River, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W     85\nPrincess Creek, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W     91\nPrinceton, 49\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W., coal  214\nPringle, D. W     72\nPriske, H     18\nprocess supplies  A 44\nProducers' Sand & Gravel (1929) Limited ... 158\nproduction   A 17-A 51\ncoal (see statistical tables) 196-198\nPromistora, 50\u00b0  117\u00b0 S.W A 51, 99\nPronger, Ralph J       71\nprosecutions, coal mines  208\nlode mines and quarries  184\nprospecting  A 64-A 67\nprospectors, grub-staked A 63\nProsser, L. A  139\nProvidence, 49\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.W A 48\nProvincial Exploration (1952) Ltd  139\nPtarmigan, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E  111\npublications, B.C. Department of Mines  231\nGeological Survey of Canada A 72\nMines Branch  A 72\nPython, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E 47, 48, 50-55 INDEX\n257\nPage\nQuartz Creek, Surprise Lake, 59\u00b0 133\u00b0 N.E.,\nplacer  138\nQuartz Creek, Willow River, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W.,\nplacer.....    141\nQuatsino, 50\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.W - 117, 133\nQuatsino Copper-Gold Mines Limited  117\nQueen, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E A 50, 80\nQueen Victoria, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E A 50, 78\nQuesnel area\nplacer\t\nQuesnel Lake.\nPage\n33\n141\n141\n52\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.W., placer......\nQuesnel Mining Division, prospecting A 65\nQuesnel River, 52\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.W., placer   141\nQuiltanton Lake, 50\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E 44,45\nQuintilio, Hugh  209\nR\nRae, D. H A 64\nRaft River, 51\u00b0 119\u00b0 N.W 69,70\nRainy Hollow, 59\u00b0 136\u00b0 N.W..\nRaven, 54\u00b0 127\u00b0 N.E\t\nRaven Fraction, 54\u00b0 127\u00b0 N.E.\nRay, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E\t\nRed Ledge, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E\t\nRed Line Creek, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E.\n11\n26\n26\n67\n110\n111\n70\n71\n11\n11\nRed Ridge, 51\u00b0 119\u00b0 N.W\t\nRed Star, 49\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W\t\nReed, J. \t\nReed, 59\u00b0 129\u00b0 S.E\t\nReesor, J. E., Geological Survey of Canada A 71\nReeves MacDonald, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E A 50, 85\ndangerous occurrences  181, 182, 184\nReeves MacDonald Mines Limited  85\nReid, H. E  141\nReina Blanca, 55\u00b0 129\u00b0 N.W  21\nRennie, C. C  35\nReno, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E  80\nReschke Coal Ltd  225\nresearch, Analytical and Assay Branch A 60\nRetallack, 50\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E  93\nRevelstoke, 50\u00b0 118\u00b0 N.E  114\nplacer  142\nreview, general   A 9\nof lode metals  9\nReward Uranium Ltd  107\nRexspar Uranium & Metals Mining Company\nLimited  70\nReynolds, H  35\nRhoda, 50\u00b0  126\u00b0 S.W  133\nRichmond, G. W 150, 151\nRichmond, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E  99\nRichmond Bulldozing Co. Ltd  155\nRichmix Clays Limited, Kilgard  151\nMcNab Creek  150\nRichmond Eureka, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E  94\nRico Copper Mines Limited  115\nRight Bower, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W  106\nRiley, C  114\nRimrock Mining Corporation Limited  158\nRio Canadian Exploration Ltd., French Peak 29\nHansard  30\nHutton  31\nRuth Vermont  112\nRiondel, 49\u00b0  116\u00b0 N.W     89\nriprap, production  A 18, A 29, A 36\nRitchie, A. C 23, 26, 27\nRitchie, I. E.\nRiver lordan, 48\u00b0 124\u00b0\nRobertson, A. G. \t\nRobertson River, 48\u00b0\nRobinson, F. \t\nRobinson, I. \t\nS.E.\n124\u00b0 N.E. ,\n139\n124\n188\n122\n27\n106\nrock samples A 58\nRoddick, J. A., Geological Survey of Canada  A 71\nRogers, Leslie Horace  172\nRoots, E. F., Geological Survey of Canada A 71\nRoper, E. C.   115\nRonning, John   169\nRosea Copper Mines Ltd.   119\nRosenau, E. H.\nRoss, J. A. C.\nRoss, S. N..\n117\u00b0 S.E.\nS.W\t\n142\n72\n99\n93\n76\n120\n112\n29\n157\nRoutledge Gravel Ltd.  .      157\nRossiter Creek, 50\nRossland, 49\u00b0 117\nRotherham, D. C. ...\nRothschild, 50\u00b0 116\nRottacker, D. \t\nRoutledge, T. C.\nN.E.\nRoutson, Noel\t\nRover Creek, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.W. .\nRoxey Creek, 50\u00b0 122\u00b0 N.W.\n110\n79\n40\n157\nRoyal Oak, 48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.E., sand and gravel\nRoyko, Thomas Bud 13, 174\nrubble, production A 18, A 29, A 36\nRuby, 49\u00b0 118\u00b0 S.W A 49\nRucheon Creek, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W., placer  141\n  131\n    41\n    94\n  112\nRussell, 49\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W \t\nRusty Creek, 50\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.W\t\nRuth Hope, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E\t\nRuth-Vermont, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W\t\nRutherford, C.       46\nRutledge, W. A.\n22\nRyan trophy, lohn T.   192\nS. and S. Gravel Pit  156\nS.F. & M. Mining Company\nS.U.B. Quarries Ltd ...\nSaad, Ronald.\nSaanich, 48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.E., sand and gravel..\nSaddlehorn Mountain, 57\u00b0 131\u00b0 S.W\t\nsafety \t\nsafety lamps \t\n97\n155\n219\n158\n14\n190\n206\nSt.   Eugene   Mining   Corporation   Limited,\nMaid of Erin .  11\nTassoo   125\nSt. Helena, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E  98\nSt. Mary River, 49\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W  108\nSalamet Mines Limited   75\nsalaries and wages   A 44\nSalloomt River, 52\u00b0 126\u00b0 S.W  22 258\nINDEX\nPage\nSalmo, 49\u00b0  117\u00b0 S.E.      80\nSalmon Glacier, 56\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E     16\nSalmo Prince Mines Limited, Greenwood     75\nHighland Valley             .. ..      43\nSaltspring Island, 48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.E  136\nsamples, Analytical and Assay Branch..A 58, A 59\nSanca, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W     86\nSanca Creek, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W     86\nsand and gravel  155\nproduction A 18, A 29, A 36\nSandon, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E. _ 94\nSandon Creek, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.    ..    ..    .. 94\nSanta Fe, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.      88\nSargent, Hartley, Chief, Mineralogical Branch\n A 2, A 60\nreview of the mineral industry  A 9\nSaunders, Harry   217\nSawyer Creek, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W.      87\nSchwartzenhuer, W.      87\nSclippa, Louis       221\nScorgie, W. J 100, 105\nScotlet, 49\u00b0  126\u00b0 S.E. (Lot 582)  119\nScotsimpson, Mount, 57\u00b0 131\u00b0 S.W      14\nScott, C. B.   156\nScott, J. S     46\nScott, John W.      70\nScud River, 57\u00b0 131\u00b0 S.W     14\nSeel, H. K. F  111\nSeeley Lake, 55\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.W     26\nselenium, production  A 33\nSeravezza, Ippazio Damiano  172\nSerek, Joseph   217\nsewer-pipe, production\t\nSeymour Creek, 49\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.E.\nShaak, A. \t\nShannon, J. B. \t\n.A 18, A 29, A 36\n  156\n     31\n     85\nShannon, Mount, 49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W  149\nSharp, W. M.      95\nSharpe, H. H  115\nShearer, J. C.        _ 223\nSheep Creek, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\nSheep Creek camp, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E.\n.80, 83\n....    80\nSheep Creek Gold Mines Limited, Mineral\nKing  110\nSwansea Mountain  111\nSheep Creek Mines Limited, Dixie     89\nMineral King  110\nQueen       80\nShepherd, A. F., librarian A 61\nSherling, D.     108\n..A 46, A 47\n  120\n..A 48, 17\nshipping mines \t\nShuttleworth, H. R. \t\nSilbak Premier, 56\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E. ...\ndangerous occurrence   .. 183\nSilbak Premier Mines Limited     17\nsilica   158\nSil-Van Consolidated Mining & Milling Company Ltd.      26\nsilver, deposits   239\nprice  A 10, A 16\nproduction  A 17-A 26, A 47\nSilver Creek, 56\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E     18\nSilver Dollar, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     80\nSilver Giant, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E A49, 111\ndangerous occurrence  181\nSilver Glance, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W    92\nSilver Hill Mines Ltd.      71\nSilver King, Nelson, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E A 50, 79\nSilver King, Tulameen, 49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E     71\nSilver Ridge Mining Company Limited     95\nSilver Standard, 55\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.W.  A 47, 23\nPage\nSilver Standard Mines Limited, Duthie     27\nErie      26\nLucky Boy, Salmo     80\nMcMillin      22\nSilver Standard     23\nThree Hills     25\nTopley Richfield     28\nTorger Copper     22\nSilver Tip, 56\u00b0  130\u00b0 S.E     18\nSilver Tip Gold Mines Limited     18\nSilversmith, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E A 51, 94\nSilverton, 49\u00b0  117\u00b0 N.E 96,97\nSilverton Creek, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E     98\nSimilkameen Mining Division, prospecting   .A 66\nSimilkameen River, 49\u00b0 119\u00b0 S.W     71\nSimpson, E. O. T  213\nSingleton, Eric  221\nSirdar, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W   149\nSirola, W. M 43, 44, 45\nSittler, V. A  147\nSkagit River, 49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E   114\nSkeena Mining Division, prospecting A 65\nSkeena Silver Mines Ltd     45\nSlade Placer  141\nslag   159\nslate    150\nSlee, Thomas\nSloan, D. \t\n  219\n  114\nSlobodzian, M.              97\nSlocan King, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E     94\nSlocan Lake, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E .     96\nSlocan Mining Division, prospecting A 66\nSlocan Monitor Mines Limited     93\nSlocan Sovereign, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E     94\nSlocan Star, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E     94\nSlocan Van Roi Mines Limited     97\nSlouah Creek, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W., placer  139\nSmillie, L.   129\nSmith, C.          22\nSmith, D. E  152\nSmith, Hunter     18\nSmith, R. F  137\nSmithers, 54\u00b0 127\u00b0 N.E     26\nSnowdrop, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.W     76\nSnowdrop Mining Company Ltd     76\nSnowshoe Creek. 52\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.E., placer  141\nSnowslide, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W     86\nsodium carbonate, production A 18, A 35\nSomerville, A.   213\nSonnenberg, Fred  91,92\nSouth Lardeau      106\nSouth Leduc, 56\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E     17\nSouth Westminster, 49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W., sand and\ngravel  156\nSouther, I. A., Geological Survey of Canada A 71\nSouthern Cross, 48\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W  123\nSpencer, Victor     39\nSpider, 50\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.W A 50, 99\naccident   169\ndangerous occurrence  181\nSpillimacheen, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E  111\ncolumbium and uranium  142\nSpillimacheen River, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E 111,112\nSplit Creek, 57\u00b0 131\u00b0 S.W     14\nSpokane, McClure Creek, 51\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.E     35\nSpokane, Wall Mountain, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W......\n A 50, 86\nSpokane No. 2      86\nSpringer, K. J.      74\nSpringer Creek, 49 \u00b0 117 \u00b0 N.E    99\nSpruce Creek, 59\u00b0 133\u00b0 N.W., placer  137 INDEX\n259\nPage\nSpruce Creek Placers Limited  138\nStandard, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E A 51, 96\nStanford Range, 50\u00b0 115\u00b0 S.W  149\nStanley, Harold M 13, 171\nStar, Ainsworth, 49\u00b0  116\u00b0 N.W A 51, 93\nStar, Kamloops, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E     52\nStar, Maple Bay, 55\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E 18, 19\nStar, Porcher Island, 54\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.E 23, 129\nStar Nos. 1 to 10  129\nStar Kay, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     79\nStar No. 1,49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E A 50\nStar of the West, 49\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W  119\nStark Creek, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.E  110\nstatistics  A 13\nstatistical tables A 17\nStavert, R. E  108\nSteane, H. A     80\nSteele, I. S.      85\nStewardson Inlet, 49\u00b0  126\u00b0 S.E  119\nStibbard, R. Franklin      46\nStikine area     14\n\" Operation Stikine \"  A 71\nStikine River, 56\u00b0 132\u00b0 N.E     10\nStokes, R. B     43\nStone, Hector C.   119\nStone, J.      31\nstone\u2014see building-stone\nStorey, A. E 14, 148\nStormont, 49\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W  131\nStromgren, N. P.   156\nStronach, Charles   213\nStronach No. 2 mine, 49\u00b0 124\u00b0 S.E  213\nstructural materials\nemployment\nPage\n   145\n A 45\nproduction....    ...A 17, A 18, A 29, A 30, A 36\nstructural tile, production A 18, A 29, A 36\nSubasic, N.      99\nSucwoa River, 49\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W  131\nSugarloaf Hill, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E 47,49\nSulivan, Mount, 48\u00b0 123\u00b0 N.W  136\nSullivan, G. G.      99\nSullivan, Ainsworth, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W     92\nSullivan, Kimberley, 49\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W.......A 49, 108\naccident   175\ndangerous occurrence  181\n A 18, A 28, A 35\n122\u00b0 S.E., clay  151\n  225\nsulphur, production\nSumas Mountain, 49\u00b0\nSummer, E. B.\t\nSummit Camp, 49\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E  71\nSunflower, 54\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W  27\nSunflower Fraction, 54\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W  27\nSunloch, 48\u00b0 124\u00b0 S.E.   124\nSunrise No. 7, 54\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W  27\nSunro Mines Limited  124\nSunshine Lardeau Mines Limited  99\nSuperior, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W  92\nSuperior Fraction  92\nSurety Oils & Minerals Limited  75\nSurprise Lake, 59\u00b0 133\u00b0 N.E  138\nSurrey, 49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W., clay and shale  150\nSutcliffe, D. F.   90\nSwannell, 56\u00b0 125\u00b0 N.E  30\nSwansea Mountain, 50\u00b0 115\u00b0 N.W  111\nSwede, 52\u00b0 131\u00b0 N.W  22\nSwede Peninsula, 52\u00b0 131\u00b0 N.W  22\nSydney Inlet, 49\u00b0 126\u00b0 S.E  119\nTahsis, 49\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W\t\nTahsis Inlet, 49\u00b0  126\u00b0 N.W\t\nTakomkane  (Big Timothy)  Mountain,  52'\n120\u00b0 S.W. \t\nTaku River, 58\u00b0 133\u00b0 N.W.\ntalc, production\n119\n119\n34\n11\nA 35\nTamarac, 50\u00b0  121\u00b0 S.E  45\nTam O'Shanter, 49\u00b0  116\u00b0 N.W  90\nTanitin, 48\u00b0  124\u00b0 N.W  124\nTaplin, A. C. - 30\nTariff, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W...\nTarnowski \t\n..A 51, 92\n     97\nTaseko Lake, 51\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.W     35\nTaseko River, 51\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.E     35\nTassoo, 52\u00b0 132\u00b0 N.E  125\nTattrie, W.      97\nTaw Fraction, 50\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E     93\nTaylor, A. C.      37\nTaylor, James A.        94\nTaylor, J. M.      40\nTaylor, Reginald   217\nTaylor, Robert   217\nTaylor, Thomas   219\nTaylor (Bridge River)  Mines Limited     38\nTaylor Burson Coal Company Limited  214\nTedesco,   Oscar    152\nTelegraph Creek, 57\u00b0 131\u00b0 N.E     14\nnickel     10\nTelkwa, 54\u00b0 127\u00b0 N.E., coal  224\nTelkwa River, 54\u00b0 127\u00b0 N.E., coal  224\nTent Mountain, 49\u00b0 114\u00b0 N.W., coal  223\nTexaco Exploration Company   161\nTexada Island, 49\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.E 116, 129\nTexada Mines Ltd. 116, 129\nTexas, 49\u00b0  126\u00b0 N.W...\nThewlis, David, Sr.\t\nThickett, C.\t\n131\n217\n.97, 98, 99\nThomas Consolidated Mines Incorporated.... 108\nThompson, F. R.   114\nThompson, J. W.   11\nThompson, S., Burnaby  156\nThompson, S., Cranbrook  108\nThomson, J.   213\nThomson, Robert   152\nThrall, R. A.   148\nThree Forks, 50\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E  93\nThree Hills, 55\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.W   25\nTimberlands mine, 49\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.W.  212\nTimmons, E. G.   86\ntin, deposits  239\nproduction  A18, A 27, A 33\nTinnicanum, 49\u00b0 126\u00b0 S.E. (Lot 580)  119\nTip, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E  93\nTip Top, 52\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W  34\nTipper, H. W., Geological Survey of Canada\n A 71\n. 131\n. 110\n. 224\nTlupana Arm, 49\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.E. ...\nToby Creek, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E. ...\nTodhunter Ridge, 50\u00b0 114\u00b0 S.W., coal.\nTomlin, N. A  154\nTootsee Lake, 59\u00b0 130\u00b0 N.W., prospecting A 64\nTooty Fruity, 52\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W     34\nTopley, 54\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.E     28\nTopley Richfield, 54\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.E     28\ntopographic mapping and air photography A 69\nTorbrit Silver Mines Limited, Boulder.     21\nToric      19\nTorger Copper, 52\u00b0 126\u00b0 N.W     22 260\nINDEX\nPage\nToric, 55\u00b0 129\u00b0 N.W\u2014 A 48, 19\naccident   174\nTower, Roy A., Sr._.\nTowgood, C. E\t\nTramline, 49\u00b0  116\u00b0 S.W.-\n71\n96\n86\n97\n43,44\nTranscontinental Resources Limited   _\nTransvaal, 50\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.E\t\nTregillus Creek, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W., placer.... 141\nTremaine, C. W. S  41\nTri-Side, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.W. and 121\u00b0 N.E  44\nTri-Side Mining Corporation Limited  43\nTriumph Mines Limited  92\nTrojan, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.W  43\nTrojan Consolidated Mines Ltd  43\nTrojan Exploration Limited  43\nTrophy Mountain, 51\u00b0 119\u00b0 N.W.\nTrouten, William \t\nTrouten Pit, 49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W\t\nTroutline Creek, 59\u00b0  129\u00b0 S.W.Troy, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E\t\n69\n156\n156\n146\n98\nTsable River mine,\naccident \t\n49\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W..\ndangerous occurrence \t\nTsolum River, 49\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.E......\nTulameen, 49\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W\t\nTulameen River, 49\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W...\nTulley, W. M\t\nTulsequah Chief,\naccident \t\n58\u00b0 133\u00b0 N.W...\nTulsequah Mines, Limited.\nTuma, T.\t\ntungsten, deposits \t\nproduction  \t\nPage\n  213\n  203\n  208\n   119\n  136\n     71\n   152\n-A 47, 12\n  174\n     12\n  109\n  239\nA 18,\nTurnagain River, 59\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.W.-\u2014\nTurner, H. M\t\nTwelve Mile Creek, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E.\nTwin, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W\t\nTwo Bit Creek, 53\u00b0 121\nTymchuk, Michael\t\nS.W.,\nA 27, A 33\n  148\n 91,92\n     93\n     91\nplacer  141\n  223\nUndun mine, 49\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.W.--\nUnited Copper, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W..\nUnited States Vanadium Corporation..\nu\n... 212\n_ 87\n... 40\nunderground diesel equipment  184\nUnsworth, I.\nUnion Creek, 59\u00b0 133\u00b0 N.E., placer-\nUnuk River, 56\u00b0 130\u00b0 S.W.-\nUpper Quinsam Lake,\nUpton, A. H\t\n49\u00b0 125\u00b0 N.W..\n212\n138\n15\n119\n133\nuranium, deposits\n239\nUtah Co. of the Americas, Fording River.  224\nIron Hill   119\nIron River  131\nStar, Porcher Island 23, 129\nUtica, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E A 51, 93\nUtica Mines (1937) Limited     93\nUtoo, 52\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W     34\nUtopia, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E     69\nVallance, J. A  111\nValleau, E. B  136\nValley Granite Products Ltd  149\nVan Roi, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E A 51, 97\nVananda, 49\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W., limestone  153\nVancouver, 49\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.E., clay and shale  151\nVancouver, Smithers, 54\u00b0 127\u00b0 N.E     26\nVancouver Granite Co. Limited  150\nVancouver Island 117, 131\nVancouver Island Inspection District  211\nVancouver Mining Division, prospecting A 66\nVanderjogt, Simon  209\nVanin, F. P     94\nVaughn, J. B  106\nVelvet, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.W A 51, 76\nventilation, coal mines  206\nlode mines and quarries  185\nVentures Limited, Spillimacheen  142\nVerkerk, William   223\nVermont Creek, 50\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.W  112\nVernon Mining Division, prospecting A 66\nVictor, Highland Valley, 50\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.E.   A 51, 46\nVictor, Sandon, 49\u00b0  117\u00b0 N.E     95\nVictoria, 49\u00b0 123\u00b0 S.E., clay .  152\nVictoria Mining Division, prospecting A 67\nVictoria Tile & Brick Supply Co. Ltd  150\n46\n95\nVlasich, F  212\nVimy, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W..\nViolamac Mines Limited\nVowell Creek,\nplacer\n51\u00b0  116\u00b0 S.W..\n112\n143\nw\nW. S. Beale (1955) Ltd.\nWade, H. C\t\nWahleach Creek, 49\u00b0\nWakelam, W.\n121\u00b0 S.W...\n153\n141\n115\n213\nA2\n86\n74\n221\n89\nWanke, Mr A 48\nWard, Mrs. E     99\nWard, J. D ..  137\nWard, P :     99\nWardman, L., Electrical Inspector of Mines A 60\nreport on inspection of electrical equipment 227\nWarhorse, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 N.E  108\nWalker, John F., Deputy Minister of Mines..\nWall Mountain, 49\u00b0 116\u00b0 S.W\t\nWallace Mountain, 49\u00b0 119\u00b0 S.E\t\nWaller, William\t\nWalton, T. F\t\nWashington, Mount, 49\u00b0 125\u00b0 N.E   119\nWaterland, T. M  115\nWatson, David E  108\nWatson Bar Creek, 51\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E., placer..... 142\nWatt, George \t\nWebster, Arnold ..\t\nWebster, W. D\t\n138\n221\n153\n229\nwell samples, oil and natural gas \u2014    166\nWells, D. H.-\u201e\nWells, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0\nWelsh, James ._\nwell drilling rigs, electric power..\nS.W.\nWesf rob Mines Limited\t\nWest Columbia Gold Placers Ltd..\nWest Fraction, 50\u00b0 117\u00b0 S.E\t\n141\n31\n217\n125\n142\n93\nJ INDEX\n261\nPage\nWest   Kootenay   Mine   Safety   Association\ntrophy   193\nWest Vancouver, 49\u00b0   123\u00b0 S.E., sand and\ngravel  157\nWestcoast Transmission Company  161\nWestern Copperada Mining Corporation     47\nWestern Exploration Company Limited, Enterprise        98\nMammoth and Standard .\u2014    96\nWestern Mines Limited, Kootenay Florence    91\nLaura M      92\nWestmont, 49\u00b0 117\u00b0 N.E A 51, 97, 98\nWheal Tamar, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E 48, 66\nWheatley, H.  A 48\nWhite, Dennis G     86\nWhite, Elizabeth U     37\nWhite, Ronald  221\nWhite, W. H     37\nWhite Rock, 49\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.W., sand and gravel 155\n127\u00b0 N.E     26\nWhite Swan, 54\nWhitewater, 50\u00b0\nWhittaker, lohn\nWhittall, N. R.__\nWilkinson, T. H.\nWillemar, D. R.._\nWillett, C. G\t\n117\u00b0 S.E.\n.A 51, 93\n  219\n.133,213\n  115\n     25\n  106\nPage\nWillett Mines Ltd   106\nWilliams, Arthur, Instructor A 60\nWilliams, S. F     87\nWilliams Creek, 53\u00b0 121\u00b0 S.W., placer   139\nWilliams Lake, 52\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E...\nWillow River, 53\u00b0 122\u00b0 S.E., placer-\nWilson, Floyd \t\nWilson, R. R.--\nWindermere, 50'\nbarite \t\n115\u00b0 S.W...\n-33, 34\n  139\n  138\n.22, 23, 26\n  110\ngypsum\nWindermere Creek, 50\u00b0 115\u00b0 S.W.\nWindsor, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 N.E\t\nWindy, 57\u00b0 129\u00b0 N.W\t\nWinters, Donald\t\n  149\n  152\ngypsum 152\n     58\n     14\n  202\nWitches Brook, 50\u00b0 120\u00b0 S.W     46\nWoakes, M. E. \t\nWonderful, 49\u00b0 117'\nWoodbury Creek, 49'\n     69\nN.E A 51, 95\n116\u00b0 N.W 92,93\nWoodbury Mines Limited, Amazon     92\nRed Star      71\nWoods, Robert   217\nWow, 53\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W     28\nWright, H. M     91\nWright, S. W     69\nWright Creek, 59\u00b0 133\u00b0 N.E., placer  138\nX.Y.Z. Metals Limited  119\nX-ray   installations,\nBranch \t\nAnalytical   and   Assay\nA 59\nYalakom River, 50\u00b0 122\u00b0 N.E 35, 37\nYale  Lead  &  Zinc   Mines  Limited,   Highlander, etc.      91\nTariff      92\nYanks Peak, 52\u00b0 121\u00b0 N.E     33\nYarovich, John  208\nYellow Jacket, 49\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W A 48, 116\nYellow Kid, 49\u00b0 114\u00b0 N.W.....A 48, 116, 129, 131\nYoung, D. B  223\nYreka, 50\u00b0 127\u00b0 S.W  117\naccident   168\ndangerous occurrence  183\nYuill, J.  116, 129\nZeigler, W. L. \t\nZeke, 53\u00b0 124\u00b0 N.W...\n85\n28\nzinc, deposits\nprice \t\nproduction\n  239\n A 10, A 16\n..A 17-A 26, A 47\nVICTORIA, B.C.\nPrinted by Don McDiarmid, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty\n1957\n2,350-257-6771   ","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/hasType":[{"value":"Legislative proceedings","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/identifier":[{"value":"J110.L5 S7","type":"literal","lang":"en"},{"value":"1958_V01_03_001_261","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/isShownAt":[{"value":"10.14288\/1.0349173","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/language":[{"value":"English","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/provider":[{"value":"Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/publisher":[{"value":"Victoria, BC : Government Printer","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/rights":[{"value":"Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/source":[{"value":"Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/title":[{"value":"Lode Metals","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/type":[{"value":"Text","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/description":[{"value":"","type":"literal","lang":"en"}]}}