{"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.14288\/1.0319112":{"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/terms#identifierAIP":[{"value":"b753dbe7-fc1c-423d-88e6-e8db35e35c7e","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/dataProvider":[{"value":"CONTENTdm","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/alternative":[{"value":"REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF LANDS, 1943.","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/isReferencedBy":[{"value":"http:\/\/resolve.library.ubc.ca\/cgi-bin\/catsearch?bid=1198198","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/isPartOf":[{"value":"Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/creator":[{"value":"British Columbia. Legislative Assembly","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/issued":[{"value":"2016","type":"literal","lang":"en"},{"value":"[1945]","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/aggregatedCHO":[{"value":"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/collections\/bcsessional\/items\/1.0319112\/source.json","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/format":[{"value":"application\/pdf","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2009\/08\/skos-reference\/skos.html#note":[{"value":" PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA\nANNUAL REPORT\nOF THE\nLANDS AND SURVEYS BRANCHES\nOF THE\nDEPARTMENT OF LANDS\nFOR THE\nYEAR ENDED DECEMBER 81st, 1943\nHON. A. WELLS GRAY, MINISTER OP LANDS\nPRINTED BY\nAUTHORITY OF THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY.\nVICTORIA, B.C. :\n]'iinl_d by Charles F. Banfield. Printer to the King's Most Excellent Mtijesfy.\n1944. Victoria, B.C., March 1st, 1944.\nTo His Honour W. C. Woodward,\nLieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia.\nMay it please Your Honour:\nHerewith I beg respectfully to submit the Annual Report of the Lands and Surveys\nBranches of the Department of Lands for the year ended December 31st, 1943.\nA. WELLS GRAY,\nMinister of Lands. Victoria, B.C., March 1st, 1944.\nThe Honourable A. W. Gray,\nMinister of Lands, Victoria, B.C.\nSir,\u2014I have the honour to submit the Annual Report of the Lands and Surveys\nBranches of the Department of Lands for the twelve months ended December 31st, 1943.\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour obedient servant,\nH. CATHCART,\nDeputy Minister of Lands. PART I.\nDEPARTMENT OF LANDS.\nTABLE OF CONTENTS.\nReport of Superintendent of Lands.\nRevenue\t\nSale of Town Lots\t\nPre-emption Records\t\nPre-emption and Homestead Exchanges\nLand-sales\t\nLand Inspections\t\nSummary\t\nLetters inward and outward.\nCoal Licences, Leases, etc\t\nCrown Grants issued\t\nTotal Acreage deeded\t\nHome-site Leases\t\nPage.\n._. 7\n.__ 7\n... 9\n___ 9\n... 10\n___ 10\n___ 11\n___ 12\n___ 13\n___ 13\n___ 13\n... 13\n___ 14 DEPARTMENT OF LANDS.\nVictoria, B.C., February 18th, 1944.\nH. Cathcart, Esq., I.S.O., :\nDeputy Minister of Lands, Victoria, B.C.\nSir,\u2014I have the honour to submit herewith statements containing details of land\nadministration by the Lands Branch of the Department of Lands during the year\nended December 31st, 1943.\nComparison with former tabulations shows a slight decrease in several items\ncovered by our administration. However, the amount of business during the year is\nvery satisfactory, especially in view of the general reserve throughout the Province\ncovering the last quarter of the calendar year and prevailing war conditions.\nThe increase in general correspondence reported is due to a continued influx of\ninquiry from Canada, United States, and Great Britain with regard to settlement\nconditions in this Province.\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour obedient servant,\nNEWMAN TAYLOR,\nSuperintendent of Lands.\nREVENUE STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31ST, 1943.\nLand-sales.\nVictoria\nCollections.\nAgency\nCollections.\nTotal\nCollections.\nUnder the \" Land Act \"\u2014\nTownsites -\t\n$3,179.20\n44,536.95\n$18,326.64\n116,213.39\n203.66\n$21,505.84\n160,750.34\n203.66\n6,544.46\n20.00\n254.15\n6,544.46\n11,949.59\n1,230.00\n11,969.59\n1,484.15\n$54,534.76\n$147,923.28\n$202,458.04\nSundry Revenue.\nUnder the \" Land Act\"\u2014\n$102,463.00\n9,159.77\n784.03\n19,420.69\n6,554.26\n368.50\n$102,463.00\n9,159.77\n$7,649.95\n6,070.08\n94.25\n3,011.49\n346.50\n1,334.45\n438.21\n8,433.98\n25,472.77\n6,648.51\n3,379.99\n346.50\n289.00\n1,623.45\nFormer Dominion Railway Belt lands\u2014\n438.21\n$139,021.25\n$18,944.93\n$157,966.18 C 8\nREPORT OF MINISTER OP LANDS, 1943.\nREVENUE STATEMENT FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31st, 1943\n\u2014Continued.\nSundry Revenue\u2014Continued.\nVictoria\nCollections.\nAgency\nCollections.\nTotal\nCollections.\nUnder the \" Coal and Petroleum Act \"\u2014\n$6,600.00\n3,812.12\n$6,600.00\n3,812.12\n$10,412.12\n$10,412.12\nSundry Receipts.\nMaps, blue-prints, etc.\nMiscellaneous \t\nSouthern Okanagan Project, interest.\nFormer Dominion Railway Belt lands .\nTotals \t\n$10,255.20\n62.22\n31,401.70\n13,307.67\n$55,026.79\n$10,255.20\n62.22\n31,401.70\n13,307.67\n$55,026.79\nSummary of Revenue.\n$54,534.76\n139,021.25\n10,412.12\n55,026.79\n$147,923.28\n18,944.93\n$202,458.04\n157,966.18\n10,412.12\n55,026.79\nTotals \t\n$258,994.92\n$166,868.21\n$425,863.13\nSummary of Cash received.\n$258,994.92\n111,328.14 1\n590.24 j\n25,176.20 )\n10,898.64 j\n2,371.67\n$166,868.21\n$425,863.13\n\" Soldiers' Land Act \"\u2014\n\" Better Housing Act \"\u2014\n36 074.84\n2,371.67\nTotals _ _\t\n$409,359.81\n$166,868.21\n$576,228.02 REPORT OF MINISTER OF LANDS, 1943.\nC 9\nPrince Rupert, 17 lots to Wartime Housing, Ltd..\nPrince George, 37 lots\t\nQuesnel and West Quesnel, 22 lots\t\nVancouver, 13 lots\t\nVanderhoof, 23 lots\t\nKimberley, 9 lots\t\nSALE OF TOWN LOTS, 1943.\nDisposal of lots placed on the market after being offered at public auction:\u2014\n $17.00\n 3,705.00\n.___ 2,440.00\n 7,425.00\n 710.00\n ' 655.00\nOsoyoos Townsite, 16 lots . 2,695.00\nOliver Townsite, 7 lots 1,325.00\nAnd 84 lots in various townsites 1,919.00\n$20,891.00\nSouthern Okanagan Land Project sold 4 parcels, comprising 12.30 acres, the purchase price being $788.\nIn the University Hill (Endowment Lands) subdivision of Lot 140, Group 1, New\nWestminster District, 7 lots were sold at a sales price of $10,747.50.\nPRE-EMPTION RECORDS, ETC., 1943.\nAgency.\nPre-emption\nRecords\nallowed.\nPre-emption\nRecords\ncancelled.\nCertificates\nof Purchase\nissued.\nCertificates\nof Improvements issued.\n20\n19\n3\n8\n1\n2\n2\n7\n72\n16\n1\n32\n7\n2\n1\n1\n15\n14\n2\n8\n3\n1\n11\n2\n70\n17\n1\n14\n9\n2\n4\n24\n1\n95\n52\n18\n, 126\n22\n172\n53\n154\n178\n262\n161\n88\n222\n57\n168\n78\n76\n1\n133\n43\n938\nAtlin \t\n14\n11\n3\n7\nKaslo \t\n1\n3\n1\n101\n11\n1\n22\n6\n3\n2\n4\nTotals ____\t\n194\n173\n3,122\n190 C 10 REPORT OF MINISTER OF LANDS, 1943.\nPRE-EMPTION AND HOMESTEAD EXCHANGES.\nUnder 1934 Amendment to \" Land Act.\"\nYear. No.\n1935 41\n1936 21\n1937 37\n1938 10\n1939 ____ 3\n1940 6\n1941 : 7\n1942 4\n1943 ' 2\nTotal 131\nLAND-SALES, 1943.\nAcres.\nSurveyed (first class) : 9,801.48\nSurveyed (second class) 11,068.39\nSurveyed (third class) _\u25a0_ 9,172.01\n30,041.88\nUnsurveyed 1,090.00\nTotal 31,131.5 REPORT OF MINISTER OF LANDS, 1943.\nC 11\n-..-.cot- WCOC-C.\noj ia rn 10 ] oj ! cd\ntD CO .O ,-. \u2022-. I-HCJ I CO '\n(N : io w I 01 t- to\nCO\n\n5 a\nM\n< '2 \u2014 3\not.J.BQJB&JriQJ\ncuci.xuxycAcntr<>>\\ C 12\nREPORT OF MINISTER OF LANDS, 1943.\niH\n<\nP\nUl\n*\nxa\nCQ\noc\nCM\nCO\nIO\no\no\neo\no\n-*\no\nCv\nCO\n10\ncn\nCM\no\nfc\u00bb\n00\nCO\nOO\nCO\noi\nc-\nGO\ne\nOJ\ncn\ncn\nCN\no;\nCO\na\nse\nCv\nr]<\nCM\ne-\nfc-\noj\ncc\nr-\n\u25a0^\ntH\n\u00bb-\nrr\na\nrf\nCC\nCO\nCO\noc\nrH\nK\nCv\n\u25a0fl\"\n\u00ab\neo\nC\no\nCO\ncn\nU3\nCM\nCM\nCM\n\u25a0fl\nOS\nOJ\nrH\nrt\nO\nCJ\n1-1\nIC\neo\noc\nIO\nOl\n\u00abe\nee-\n*\nCM\n\u00a9\n\u25a0\u00ab#\nlO\no\nrf\nco\n00\nO\nc\\\nO\nO\n\"fl<\nOJ\ncc\neo\nOl\ncn\nO\nO\n00\nIO\n\u2014.\nt\u00bb\nCO\nIO\nOJ\nCD\nCv\nO\nO]\nTl\nCO\nc.\nCO\nCO\nL\"\n01\nt-\n09\nto\nw\nCfl\nc-\nrf\nrH\n\u25a0fl.\n-\u2022SI\n\u25a0fl\nCM\nT-H\nOC\nj-\nCvl\noc\ntr\n-tf\ncm\nCO\ncn\noc\neo\nTl\nCM\nTp\ncn\no\nr-\nCM\nee\nIO\nIO\nOC\nCv\nCO\nrn\na\n\u2022\"*\n\u25a0^\nrH\n(X\nex\nrt\nCO\nC-.\nto\nCO\n\u00ab\n(VJ\n_\n09\n\u25a0fl\nfc-\nCM\nCO\nto\nCO\nCO\n*+\neo\n-fl-\nOl\neo\nOl\no\n\u25a0fl\"\n\u2022\"*\ns\nt-\nCO\n\"fl\ntf\nCv]\n\"fl\"\no\nt-\noc\nc\nIO\nCO\nec\nc\neo\n10\neo\nr-\n\"\n\u25a0n\nO\nOJ\n\"-1\nrH\ncc\n\u25a0*\neo\nrH\n\u25a0fl\nCO\nCC\nto\neo\ne\u00bb\n60-\n\u25a0fl*\n\u25a0fl1\nOJ\ncc\nCO\nxa\nCl\neo\nOJ\n\u25a0a\nrH\nCJ\n00\ncn\nxa\nt-\nCO\nt- o\neo\nCO\nCO\n\u00bb\nCO\nOl\neo\n\u25a0*\nCO\nL-\nCO\nCC\nOl\no\nO]\nXC\nt-\ncr\no\nc\nCD\nCl\n\u25a0fl\ncv\noc\nCM\ni-H\nta\na\nl\u00a3\nCO\nCv\n\"\u2014\n<\u2014\n,_\nO\ni^:\n\u00ab\ncn\n\u00a9\ni-H\nCM\nr-H\n\u00ab\no*\no\no\nO\ntr-\"\ns\nCO\nrH\nCM\ncn\ncc\nto\no\nrH\nH\nl-\nco\nCO\nH\na\nIO\nrr\ncr\nOl\n\u00ab\n&e-\nri<\nCM\n00\neo\n.\no\n\nex\n\u25a0fl\n\u2022H\n0.\n__,\nC&\nec\ntr-\ncn\nCM\nOS\n1-1\nrH\na:\no\neo\n\u00ab\n\u25a0fl\"\nCO\ncn\nI-H\n1-1\na\nCM\noc\n-fl\"\nCM\nCvl\n\u25a0fl\n>-l\na\nrH\no\na\nIO\n\u25a0fl\"\neo\nOl\n\u00bb\nse\nT-H\n00\nrH\nfc-\nto\n,_-\nxa\n1\u00a3\nIO\nC\nCO\nee\n00\nc-\neo\ncn\n___\ner\nt-\nes\nCO\nO)\nXC\no\neo\nO\nc-\no\nc_\nec\ne\nto\n0.\neo\nCV\nOJ\nrH\nc\nCO\nCO\n\u25a0*#\nCM\nc-\ntH\nr-|\nlO\ni-\noc\n\u2022fl\nrH\n0.\no\n^\nOJ\nCC\no\nCO\n00\nCM\n-ci\nCO\na\nt-\n00\nCO\n\u25a0a\nt-\noi*\nc-\nrH\ntH\nc.\nc\nCM\ni-H\nrH\nIN\nIO\nCO\nrt\nec\nCO\nr-\nOl\n\u00ab\n&5-\nCO\nt-\n\u25a0fl\n00\nCM\no\nOJ\nlO\nCr\nt-\nCO\nOl\nCl\nCO\no\nc-\n10\nOC\n00\nrH\n\u25a0fl,\nco\nTl\ncn\n_,-.\ncc\ntc\ncc\nCM\nT*\nO\"\no\nCr\nCM\nrl\"\nCN\n00\n\"*.\nc\n\u2022H\nec\no\n1\u00a3\nr>\n\u25a0*\n\u25a0-1\n0\nO\nCl\nT-H\ncc\nOl\nO\no\nOi\nCM\nOi\nt-\nc>\nr-H\ns?\nfc-\nOl\nr-t\ntH\n\u25a0A\neo\n69\nc.\nOi\n\u00ab\nrr\nV,\nt-\nCO\no\nCO\nCM\n.00\nfc-\ntr\ncn\nO\nIO\nI>\nt-\n00\no\nrf\nr*\nm\ntc\nCv\nCD\n\"fl\nfc-\nIO\n\u25a0\u25a0fl\nie\n\u2022fl\neg\nfc\"\no\nc\nOl\nto\nc\n^\nrf\nt-\ncn\n\u25a0fl<\ncv\n00\nCC\nTH\n\u2022\"\n\nt-\nc\nt-\n\u25a0fl1\nC-\no\n\u25a0a\nrr\nc\nCO\n\u00ab\ntr\nCl\nxa\nCM\nco\n\u2022-H\nr-\ni-H\nT-H\n\u00ab\ncr\ncc\n\u25a0fl\nO\nc.\nOJ\no\nie\nrH\nCM\nOi\nui\ncc\nCv\nm\nt-\no\no\noo\"\n00\no\nS\nc.\n*oi\nrH\nCO\nCO\n1-1\nt-\nfc\no\n\u00abg\n\u00ab9-\n*\nce\nCM\no\nCM\nOO\nOJ\nCO\nCO\ncc\nCO\ncc\nCO\no\nC!\noc\nCv\nt>\ncn\ntr-\nno\na\nIO\ncv\nCO\n09\nc\u00bb\n03\neo\n1^-\n00\no\nCv\nte\nCO C\"\nfc-\nc-\n\u25a0fl\nCO\ntT\nc\nCD\nc\n>a\nO\ntp*\no-\nk\nt\u00a3\ntx\nCM\nec\n5\nxc\no\ncn\n00\ncc\ncm\"\ntr-\nrr\ncn\no\no\nOJ\nOJ\nrH\no\nCN\nCO\n1-1\ntc\ncc\ncr.\no\n09\nse-\n0\n00\n+J\ne\nc\na\nE\n\u00ab\nOC\na\na\nOC\na.\na\n35\nOJ\na\n>\nC3\nG\np\ne\nP\nBE\nc\n\u00a3\nXi\nfl\na\nc\n^:\n-c\na\nX\nu\no\na\nTJ\nJ-\nfc\ni\nf~\n0\nt-\nX\nt-\nP\nh\nt\n0\nt.\n1\n3\nP,\na\nrrj\nb\nT3\na\n>\nX\nc\na\nj\na\na\nx:\n^3\na\n=>\nT\nc\no\nOJ\nEH\n0\na\nk\nc\na\nV\na\na\nc\na\na\n\"5\ne\nP\n0\nC\n1\nC\nEC\n1\n?\ns\na\nfc\nc\na\n<\na\na\nc\nK\n4\nc\n\u00a3\nr\u00bb\nc\n0\nCJ\nr\na\nB)\ntu\nC\ns\nOJ\n0\n0\n0\ns\nC\ncc\n. e\na\n*\u25a0\nI\n\u00a3\na\ntf3\ns\nS3\ne\np\nCJ\nDC\na\nI\nCj\ns\n\u00ab\nc\nc\ni\np\nt.\n!\na\nOO\nta\na\nH-\n&\n\"3\n\u2022c\nc\n4\na\na\nB\n~\nX\n_\n\u00a3\n\nH^\n+\ni\nE.\n*\nc\nI\nB\n>\nX\na\nQJ\nh\n0\nc\nCJ\nc\nt-\na\nc\nu\nC\nc\nC\ne\ncu\n9\ne\no\nC\nJH\nC_\n0\nu\np.\nh\nP\nvw\nc\nC\n:-\nC\nu\nU\nfl\n^\nr- REPORT OF MINISTER OF LANDS, 1943. C 13\nSTATEMENT OF LETTERS INWARD AND OUTWARD, 1943.\nLetters inward 20,320\nLetters outward 16,327\nMINING LICENCES, LEASES, ETC., 1943.\nLicences under the \" Coal and Petroleum Act \"\u2014 No. Area (Acres).\nOriginal licences issued 42 24,712.00\nRenewal licences issued 23 9,859.00\n65 34,571.70\nLeases under the \" Coal and Petroleum Act \"\u2014\nNew leases issued 5 2,668.00\nRenewal leases issued 4 2,432.70\n5,100.70\nSundry leases under the \" Land Act \"\u2014\nNumber of leases issued 194 30,812.28\nCROWN GRANTS ISSUED, 1943.\nPre-emptions .196\n\" Pre-emptors' Free Grants Act, 1939 \" -____ 10\nDominion Homesteads 17\nPurchases (other than town lots) 609\nTown lots 449\nMineral claims 105\nReverted mineral claims 13\nSupplementary timber grants 2\n\" Dyking Assessments Act \" 17\n\" Public Schools Act \" \t\nMiscellaneous 3\nTotal 1,421\nApplications for Crown grants 1,542\nCertified copies _'_ 5\nClearances of applications for leases of reverted mineral claims\ngiven 94\nTotal Acreage deeded.\nPre-emptions' 29,128.12\nDominion homesteads 1,457.90\nMineral claims (other than reverted) 3,849.39\nReverted mineral claims 556.59\nPurchase of surveyed Crown lands (other than town lots)._ 30,277.29\nSupplementary timber grants 200.44\nTotal 65,469.73 C 14\nREPORT OF MINISTER OF LANDS, 1943.\nHOME-SITE LEASES (NOT EXCEEDING 20 ACRES).\nNo.\nTotal Annual\nRevenue.\nFiscal Year\nended.\nLeases existing on April 1st, 1929 \t\n67\n8\n12\n11\n31\n23\n24\n18\n26\n15\n29\n21\n27\n27\n23\n12\n\u2014 307\n374\n13\n1\n\u2014 14\n360\n$522.55\n636.45\n759.95\n980.05\n1,246.65\n1,302.52\n1,391.72\n1,440.25\n1,468.90\n1,557.40\n1,591.80\n1,717.10\n1,846.85\n1,924.23\n1,921.75\nLeases issued, April 1st, 1929, to March 31st, 1930 __\t\nLeases issued, April 1st, 1930, to March 31st, 1931 _.\t\nMarch 31st, 1930.\nMarch 31st, 1931.\nLeases issued, April 1st, 1931, to March 31st, 1932 \t\nLeases issued, April 1st, 1932, to March 31st, 1933 \t\nLeases issued, April 1st, 1933, to March 31st, 1934\t\nMarch 31st, 1932.\nMarch 31st, 1933.\nMarch 31st, 1934.\nMarch 31st, 1935\nLeases issued, April 1st, 1935, to March 31st, 1936 \t\nLeases issued, April 1st, 1936, to March 31st, 1937 ..\nMarch 31st, 1936.\nLeases issued, April 1st, 1937, to March 31st, 1938 ._\t\nMarch 31st, 1938\nLeases issued, April 1st, 1938, to March 31st, 1939 _\t\nLeases issued, April 1st, 1939, to March 31st, 1940\t\nMarch 31st, 1939.\nMarch 31st, 1940\nLeases issued, April 1st, 1941, to March 31st, 1942 \t\nMarch 31st, 1942.\nLeases issued, April 1st, 1943, to Dec. 31st, 1943 \t\nLeases cancelled during this period\t\nLeases Crown-granted \t\n(To Dec. 31st, 1943.)\nTotal revenue received from April 1st, 1929, to\nDecember 31st, 1943 '\n$20,308.17 PART II.\nSURVEYS BRANCH.\nTABLE OF CONTENTS.\nPage.\nReport of the Surveyor-General, Surveys Branch 17\nReport of Surveys Division _as 19\nTable A\u2014Summary of Office-work 19\nTable B\u2014List of Departmental Mineral Reference Maps 21\nTable C\u2014List of Departmental Reference Maps 22\nReport of Aerial Photograph Librarian 25\nReport of Geographic Division 25\nReports of Surveyors\u2014\nTopographical Survey, Duncan to Nanaimo and vicinity, Vancouver Island\n(A. J. Campbell) 27\nTopographical Survey, vicinity of Qualicum to Fanny Bay (N. C. Stewart) 29\nTopographical Survey, West Coast of Vancouver Island, vicinity of Gayoquot\nSound (G. J. Jackson) 32\nTriangulation Survey, Upper Skeena and Nass Rivers (H. Pattinson) 34 REPORT OF THE SURVEYOR-GENERAL.\nVictoria, B.C., January 2nd, 1944.\nH. Cathcart, Esq., I.S.O.,\nDeputy Minister of Lands, Victoria, B.C.\nSir,\u2014I have the honour to submit the following report on the operations of the\nSurveys Branch for the year ended December 31st, 1943.\nThe Surveys Branch, now reduced by enlistments from its average staff of forty-\nnine, is organized into three divisions\u2014Surveys, Geographic, and Topographic. The\nSurveys Division deals with field-notes of all surveys of Crown lands, whether made by\nGovernment or privately employed surveyors; checks these field-notes and plots therefrom; and keeps an up-to-date record of the standing of lands and surveys on some\n275 large-scale reference maps drawn on tracing-linen. The division has a blue and\nozalid printing department serving all branches of the Government, and meeting the\nneeds of these, and of the general public, for copies of reference and other maps to the\nvalue of over $7,000 per annum.\nThe Topographic Division includes a staff of British Columbia Land Surveyors\nspecially trained in topographic mapping; these men spend their summers on field-\nwork and their winters plotting contour maps based on that field-work; the field-work\nis permanent in character and, though adjusted to meet any immediate needs, fits without waste into a long-term plan for the progressive contour mapping of the entire\nProvince.\nThe Geographic Division is responsible for keeping the published maps of the\nProvince truly representative of the latest information available. That information\ncomes from triangulation surveys and from the Surveys and Topographic Divisions,\nfrom the Forest and Water Branches, the Mines and Public Works Departments, from\nthe Geodetic, Geological, Topographical, and Hydrographic Services of the Dominion\nGovernment; as well as from prospectors and others having knowledge of out-of-the-\nway places. The Division draws the maps, secures tenders from lithographers, and\nsupervises publication; there is also in the Division photostatic equipment with an\nexperienced operator who makes photostats and enlargements and reductions to scale\nfor all Government Departments, and to some extent for Navy, Army, Air Force, and\ngeneral public.\nDue to its general mountainous character, only a small percentage of the area of\nthe Province requires subdivision into small agricultural holdings, but immense tracts\nof mountain terrain are rich in resources of mineral, timber, and water-power, and the\nprosperity of the lowlands depends largely on the successful development of the mountain resources. In a country of such high relief, contour maps are the best foundation\nfor any appraisal of resources; and the need for such maps over vast areas, coupled\nwith the limited expenditures possible with our small population, has kept constant our\nsearch for accurate yet economical methods. The method here developed uses aerial\nphotographs taken at 15,000 feet altitude; but, as such photographs vary greatly in\nscale over the mountain country beneath, control over plan and elevation is secured by\ntriangulation, with stations on the summits and by rounds of oriented ground photographs taken from commanding positions, using special cameras of fixed focal length.\nThe method takes advantage of our mountains, and our contour-mapping costs seem\nto be as low as any in Canada, averaging, as they do for the 1-mile map, less than $25\nper square mile, including everything from the aerial photography to plotting the\ncontour map.\n17 C 18 REPORT OF MINISTER OF LANDS, 1943.\nIt is the settled belief of the Surveys Branch that good maps are a most useful\nguard against costly errors in development. In British Columbia a large proportion\nof the cost of surveys is entailed in getting men to and from the ground and from\nplace to place in the map area. With air photographs and with the triangulation and\nphoto-topographical methods of control now in use here, it costs but little more to\ncollect the information for plotting on a scale of y2 mile to the inch with 100-foot\ncontours with the object of publishing on the 1-mile scale than it does to get the information for the 4-miles-to-l-inch map with 500-foot contours. A large proportion of\nthe extra cost of producing the larger scale map is in office-work and printing.\nTopography changes but little throughout the centuries, so our standard policy is to\ncollect information for the large-scale maps but to publish on any smaller scale called\nfor by present needs; large-scale maps can be produced as needed in future years\nwithout another costly ground survey and at short notice; moreover, even small-scale\nmaps produced from complete information are better than are such maps produced\nfrom less dense control.\nThe completion of the Alaska Highway on the route largely east of the Rocky\nMountains has made Edmonton the best supply-point for Northern British Columbia\nand Yukon and leaves the present British Columbia road system without a share in\nany future tourist traffic to Alaska. The building of a road from the Peace River farm\narea to Prince George via the Peace, Pine, or Monkman passes would, to a small extent,\nremedy this and would give Peace River motorists a shorter route to the Coast, but\nthe double crossing of the Rocky Mountains and the 500 miles of added distance would\ndeter many users of the British Columbia roads from taking the Alaska trip. A road\nunder 400 miles long connecting the Peace or Pine Pass road with the Alaska Highway\nat Lower Post would follow alluvial valleys, would save 500 miles in distance, and 1,000\nfeet in altitude. The Surveys Branch has a detailed survey of this route and the United\nStates authorities found it a feasible route, even for a railway.\nThe triangulation net now being pushed southward from Telegraph Creek is\ngiving authentic information on the heights of passes and the general nature of the\ncountry. This area contains the Groundhog coal deposits and is favoured by Hazelton\nand Alaska Panhandle residents as a route -to Yukon and Alaska serving westerly\nBritish Columbia.\nAll field-work is suffering from the lack of our capable younger assistants, now\nserving in the armed forces. The older men, assisted by Indians, trappers, and high\nschool boys, are carrying on the more essential activities. Our topographical mapping\nin 1943 was confined to Vancouver Island, this being due to military needs and to the\ndesirability of completing the small proportion of this important area still lacking\ngood maps.\nReports compiled by F. O. Morris and G. G. Aitken for the Surveys and Geographic\nDivisions respectively, giving details of the work carried on under their supervision\nand of the maps published, as well as reports from the surveyors employed on field-\nwork, are attached hereto. Owing to enlistments and the lesser skill of those temporarily employed to fill the gaps, some of our basic reference maps lag, and the fact\nthat much of the time of our Geographic staff is devoted to special map requirements\nof the military authorities necessitates postponement of other map-work; however,\nthe staff has risen to the occasion and the general public is well served.\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour obedient servant,\nF. C. GREEN,\nSurveyor-General. APPENDIX TO REPORT OF SURVEYOR-GENERAL. C 19\nAPPENDIX TO REPORT OF SURVEYOR-GENERAL.\nBy F. 0. Morris, Assistant Surveyor-General.\nSURVEYS DIVISION.\nThis Division deals with the general correspondence, the supply of survey information to land surveyors and the general public, preparation of instructions for surveying,\nchecking survey field-notes and plotting official plans therefrom, clearing all applications, and many minor activities.\nA blue and ozalid printing plant is maintained, rendering service to the various\ngovernmental Departments.\nAerial Photograph Library.\u2014A considerable portion of the Province has been\nphotographed from the air and an effort is made in this office to have on record one\ncopy of each of these aerial photographs. These are available for inspection and at\npresent total 106,424 views, consisting of 77,206 taken by Department of National\nDefence, 21,413 by B.C. Forest Service, and 7,805 by Western Canadian Airways.\nIndex maps showing the position of these aerial photographs are also on record and\navailable for inspection.\nDepartmental Reference Maps.\u2014In order to keep a proper graphic record of alienations and inquiries, reference maps, generally on the scale of 1 mile to 1 inch, and\nmineral reference maps on the scale of 1,500 feet to 1 inch, drawn on tracing-linen, are\nmaintained by the Surveys Division. There are now 195 reference maps and 80 mineral\nreference maps, making a total of 275 maps. The work of keeping these up to date\u2014\n(1) by adding new survey information as it becomes available, and (2) by renewing\nsame when worn out with constant use and handling in the blue-print machines\u2014-forms\na considerable portion of the work of the Division. During the year two new reference\nmaps were made and four were recompiled. Tables B and C, attached hereto, give\na list of these reference maps.\nTable A, which follows, summarizes the main items of work.\nTable A.\u2014Summary of Office-work for the Year 1943, Surveys Division.\nNumber of field-books received _ 106\n\u201e lots surveyed 116\n\u201e lots plotted 130\n\u201e lots gazetted 158\n\u201e lots cancelled 23\n\u201e mineral-claim field-books prepared 78\n\u201e reference maps compiled 6\n\u201e applications for purchase cleared 343\napplications for pre-emption cleared 263\n\u201e applications for lease cleared : 298\n\u201e coal licences cleared 83\n\u201e water licences cleared 63\n\u201e timber-sales cleared 2,218\n\u201e free-use permits cleared 383\n\u201e hand-loggers' licences cleared 8\n\u201e Crown-grant applications cleared 1,479\n\u201e reverted-land clearances 991\n\u201e cancellations made 543\n\u201e inquiries cleared 1,799\nplacer-mining leases plotted on maps . 16 C 20\nREPORT OF MINISTER OF LANDS, 1943.\nNumber of letters received 4,583\nletters sent out 3,334\nCrown-grant and lease tracings made 1,190\nmiscellaneous tracings made 85\n\u2022Government Agents' tracings made 75\nblue-prints made 23,923\nRevenue received from sale of blue-prints from other departments and public $4,397.52\nValue of blue-prints for Lands Department $2,966.85\nNumber of documents consulted and filed in vault 26,652 APPENDIX TO REPORT OF SURVEYOR-GENERAL. 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J_ _3 S r. 7J _ O\n__ r\" A K fl m o &, >>h^ oflP._\u00a7fi_afi,JA^-fflflfflfflo fi fl \"AHy.C \u2122 .C kTS-S \"S,^ Ph o -fi fc ffl\n73_HAmfl_2 \u00ab via S7H \u2022 M m Bfl'JoEH SIB O ^PS >j.S -.fi \u00ab fl (5,2 _? ft i ffl ^ a O ffl fl\nlilli^llll|t14-sS!i|1^1iii|iils\/8\u00a7!||a|slip-s\nO-^fiCfl^O*-1 ^^fi \"\u00abfiO O S^^^^-Hr^lvjSrJ^^^OOClirHWMHSM^Sci C EJJ\nrH Bi O h o \u00b0 fi< ^CDfi-SjH Jh rrficDfi^O^-OOO^CDO.^^^g^^.n-cflOH^O ft rf Jh CD .3 S1\nUHSfer^^ P W!2igfeO O pHHPO^OOrHffllH^Hra^^SWh^H^wQW\n. ^ a . . . . <.. 00 O.\nCOCOC003COP3 CO COCOCOCOCO CO ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^10101^)1010^10^^^ C 24\nREPORT OF MINISTER OF LANDS, 1943.\nI\nHO\n\u00a9\ncn\nfl\nw\no\nr.\nw\nfl\nH\nW\nr.\nZ\na\nH\nfl\n<<\nPh\nfl\nP\nEh\nO\nO\nH\nfl\nM\nEh\nfi 73 \u00a3\u00bb \u00a3\n\u00b0 2.5 3.\nbote\n.r. O o P\"\n73 fc. ^\nH 3 ,_? 2\np. co +_ fl\nP. fi fi Eh \u25a0\nffl 3 ffl\n-fi\n73 __ w A\nh 73 3 73\n5 fi o O\n01 ffl So\nO\nfi\nO \"\ni-\n-fi.S\nO, s\nO -fi\ncfl c\nH-* fi\n(U\n(U\ncfl\nB\nfl IP\nPlfl\nW ffl\nTS fl\n\u00bb5 g S\n.; \"> \u00b0\n2 A fi fi\nfl a) ID fi\n^fl S<\nfi ^ M fi\nffl 3 ffl\n10\nO C\no 'fl\n- 5 \"\u00b0\nfi 3 ffl 3\nO fl \u2022-_. fi\nPlfe^ \"\nP.!5- fi fi\n__> _ O O\na > >\n\"g ffl\u00ab2\nCfl cfl Cfl Cfl\nft 3 3 rS\n,5 fi a ja\n^'oo'o\nZouo\no* co\" cs eg\noq oq \u00ab \"\n__ ffl i\ng 13 a ft\"\ng 3 \u00abH fi _ +j\nr=! fi\na) s &+>\nw fi e\nCD g g T3\n-fi TJ O Sh\nH^ \u00ab cfl\no \u00a3 >> fi\n_7 >h a) CU\nH| S\n3 Eh ffl\n\u25a0S 5'fi\nrS^a\n\u00b0 wO\nvj A\nft 2\nofl a\nu\nCQ\n2\nQ\nCA\nQ\nz\n\u20223. J\n\" A\n^ s\nO Pi\nft-S\nO O (\/*^\nfc = -73\n1.8 21b\ns\ns\n6\n\u25ba\u25a0\u00bb\nai\n\u00bb __\nA _.\nS\u00a3 -\nHj_ oiSo J.\n\u2022fi a ffl o\n9\na_\nH 3\n! 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O co 73 _.\n_ CO Q_ __1 2 O\n1 73 A fl 3 fl\n? fi _J ffl \"ffl\nffl^A a, J\n3 fl | \"3 g fl\n.fflrS ggg\nH ffl\nfl\nO\n73\nfi\nH\nA\n3\no\nfl\nffl\nfl\nP5_2\nCO fi . \u2022 \u2014i ,\nc.S k\no fl\n.g'fi\n05 A\n03\n'eg ffl o ffl 3\ne> I? &. \u00a3 H\nflfl\n\u00ab\u00ab,\nS, fi\nod cu\ncfl ,J3\nfi fc '\nS|\nS 'fi\nrt fi\ncfl cfl\ngg cu\nJH ffl\n\u00ab 8\nQl O\nMS\nfi 3\no fl\n> .2\nfi o \"S\nci! -fi O\n-A B\n73 \u00a3 g\n5 \u00ab. o\n'__ ^ K\nfl c o\nA\nfi\nffl\nfl \u2022 o\nffl >v\n\u2022 > O 73\n'' fl fi\n1 fi ffl ffl\ni \u00a3> fi\nU\nWW--.\n' 8 A rl fi H\n\u25a07-S 2 ffl \u201e\nfl 3 > o A\nfl \"_ o -fi\nisg-g\ni fi.2 ffi\n' 2 fl o\n; Pi fi ^\n. p o fl\n]PPh W\nfl j fl ffl c\nffl M ffl _ ffl\na *\u25a0 - \"\n\u00ab 3.L\nr\u00bb.fc\u00ab\ng\u00ab c\nS o ffl\nJS \u2014i CJ\no & c \u201e ..\n003300730\nMgqQM^HP.\ng g g M\n.ZWrHW^ffir^OlZin\n c g; Cl C. O O O C. C. C. G\nO ^lOtOt-COOlOHN I I 1 |. I I I I I I I\n*Z, OOOOOOHHHlOIOlOCDCCt-t-t-t-MOO\nM HHHHHHHHHHHHHririHrtHHH fc'\u25a0.'\/.'..\nm\n' Skook \" Davidson and pack-train near Caribou Hide.\nPack-train swimming Toodogonne Creek. APPENDIX TO REPORT OF SURVEYOR-GENERAL.\nC 25\nREPORT OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH LIBRARY.\nBy W. J. H. Holmes.\nNumber of aerial views on file, December 31st, 1943:\u2014\nRoyal Canadian Air Force (A.) 75,586\nRoyal Canadian Air Force (B.A.) 1,620\nWestern Canada Airways (W.C.A.) 6,238\nMackenzie Air Service (M.A.S.) 1,473\nCanadian Airways, Ltd. (Alaska Highway obliques) 94\nBritish Columbia Forest Branch (B.C.) 21,413\nTotal..\n106,424\nAerial views received and taken on file during 1943: Royal Canadian Air Force\n(A.), 540; and, in addition, 99 (A.) and (B.C.) duplicate prints were received.\nThere still remain a number of British Columbia photos taken during 1938, 1939,\nand 1940 that have not been received for filing.\nDuring 1943, 5,321 photos were issued on loan and 3,673 were returned.\nThere are at present (December 31st, 1943) 8,623 photos (aerial) out on loan.\nViews were issued as required by the various branches of departments of the\nBritish Columbia Government and to the Royal Canadian Air Force and Royal Canadian\nNaval Service, and, to a limited extent, to surveyors and others of the general public.\nTopographic Survey Ground Views.\u2014There are on file the ground views taken by\nthe Topographic Survey Branch from 1914 to 1943, and estimated to number something\nover 35,600, also the corresponding photographic plates.\nAerial photo index maps number 95 and Topographic ground photo index maps 73.\nGEOGRAPHIC DIVISION.\nBy G. G. Aitken, Chief Geographer.\nMaps.\nPublished.\nName.\nNo. of\nCopies.\nDate of\nIssue.\nDept.\nMap No.\nScale.\nArea ir.\nSq. Miles.\nBritish Columbia Land Recording Districts\n3,000\n3,000\n3,500\n350\nJan., 1943\nJune, 1943\nAug., 1943\nNov., 1943\nlex\n4g\n1h\nIjcp\n50 m. to l in.\n2 m. to 1 in.\n15.78 m. to 1 in.\n27 m. to 1 in.\n366,255\n3,100\n170,000\n366,255\nNorthern British Columbia (reprint)\t\nIn Course of Printing.\nFort George Pre-emptors' Map._\n5,500\nMarch, 1944\n3 m. to 1 in. 9,350\nIn Course of Preparation.\nIA\n3e\n1\/1,000,000 or\n15.78 m. to 1 in.\n4 m. to 1 in.\n366,255\n17,000 C 26 REPORT OF MINISTER OF LANDS, 1943.\nGeographic Board of Canada, Naming and Recording.\nNumber of map-sheets' names reviewed for Dominion Government Departments 12\nNew names recorded 153\nGeographical Work for Other Departments,\nNational Defence and Public.\nFifty-six items, receipts and value of work $734.25\nMap Stock and Distribution.\nMaps issued to Departments and public 15,776\nMaps received into stock 12,805\nTotal value of printed maps issued $4,901.37\nRevenue from printed maps $4,621.73\nPhotostat.\nTotal number of photostats made 3,279\nRevenue from Departments and public $1,234.59\nValue of photostats for Lands Department, etc. $545.00\nLetters.\nLetters received and attended to 1,705\nStandard Base Map.\nFort George Pre-emptors' Sheets, compiled complete 2\nPeace River Pre-emptors' Sheets, compiled complete 2\nStandard Base Map, skeleton sheets compiled 10\nSchool districts plotted from description 28\nControl nets supplied 53\nTriangulation.\nMain, by least square adjustment, triangles adjusted 111\nSecondary, by rectangular co-ordinates, stations 654\nIndex-cards, records 918\nTriangulation index maps , 14\nTwelve control nets supplied, in answer to requests from the Canadian armed\nforces and, in addition, geographical positions of about 200 stations were determined\nfor the Canadian hydrographic survey during the year.\nRESUME.\nThe Division suffered a severe loss in the death of the late Harry Miller Wright,\nwho passed away on April 11th, 1943. Mr. Wright had been with the Geographic\nDivision since its inception in 1912. He served his apprenticeship and early training\nin map work and art with Messrs. W. & A. K. Johnstone, Geographers, Edinburgh,\nScotland; and was also a student in the Edinburgh College of Art. He came to\nBritish Columbia and secured an appointment on the draughting staff of the Surveys\nBranch, Department of Lands, in 1911. His loyal and unstinted devotion towards\nthe production of the highest possible standards and success in the work of the\nGeographic Division is acknowledged; and his passing has been a loss felt by all his\nassociates. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY, DUNCAN TO NANAIMO. C 27\nThe Division honours the memory and mourns the passing of John Frank (\" Jack \")\nStevens, killed in action in Sicily on July 12th, 1943. He was born April 29th, 1920,\nand joined the Geographic Division on August 23rd, 1937. Volunteering for Active\nService on September 28th, 1939, with the Princess Patricia Canadian Light Infantry,\nhe served with that unit throughout his period of service, attaining the rank of\nQuarter-Master Sergeant.\nLieutenant-Colonel G. G. Aitken, M.C, resumed his duties as Chief Geographer\non February 8th, 1943.\nAlan C. Horwood was appointed as apprentice draughtsman (war replacement),\nJuly 3rd, 1943.\nAlbert Edward Stone, apprentice draughtsman (war replacement), enlisted November 19th, 1943.\nThe distribution and sale of topographical maps of the coastal areas of the Province are restricted owing to present war-time requirements. After the war, should\nthese maps be made generally available, they will be of value for public interest and\ntravel.\nTOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEYS, DUNCAN TO NANAIMO AND\nVICINITY, VANCOUVER ISLAND.\nBy A. J. Campbell, B.C.L.S.\nF. C. Green, Esq.,\nSurveyor-General, Victoria, B.C.\nSir,\u2014I have the honour to submit the following report on the triangulation and\ntopographical control surveys carried out under your instructions during the field\nseason of 1943. The area covered this year adjoins to the east that controlled during\n1942 and lies along the east coast of Vancouver Island, in the vicinity and between\nthe cities of Duncan and Nanaimo, also including several of the islands off the coast\nof the main island.\nThe purpose of the survey was to produce a map at the scale of % mile to 1 inch\nwith a contour interval of 100 feet. The control was for the purpose of fixing in\nposition the vertical aerial photographs to be supplied by the R.C.A.F. In mountainous country and wherever else possible this necessary control is obtained by photo-\ntopographical methods. In sections where this is not possible it is obtained by triangulation, three-point method, or by chain and traverse connected with the triangulation\nsystem. A considerable number of ties were made to lot or section corners, to posts\nmarking the power-line right-of-way, and to railway lines, so as to be able to fix the\ncadastral surveys and the other features in position on the map.\nIn connection with our usual triangulation work we were instructed to join the\nBritish Columbia triangulation system on Vancouver Island to the geodetic stations of\nBruce and Benson. These are stations of main coast triangulation. Bruce is located\non the summit of Mount Bruce, the highest point of Saltspring Island, and Benson is\non the south-easterly point of Mount Benson, back of Nanaimo. This join was successfully made but was somewhat complicated on both these stations by fire lookout\ncabins having been built so close to the triangulation point as to blanket a considerable\nportion of the circle. This made it necessary to occupy eccentric points to complete\nthe readings, which is much less satisfactory and means more work when time may be\nvery precious on account of light conditions. These cabins were built subsequent to\nthe establishment of the triangulation points and, in our opinion, would have served\ntheir purpose equally well, and blanketed the triangulation point much less, if they\nhad been located as far from the station as the mountain-top permitted.\nPROVINCIAL. LIBRARY\nVICTORIA, B. C C 28 REPORT OF MINISTER OF LANDS, 1943.\nThe party, for most of the season, consisted of five, with R. D. Fraser and S.*L.\nClarke of the permanent service as assistants, and two boys under 19 years of age as\nsurvey helpers. For the first part of the season the party occupied a house near\nDuncan, boarding at a restaurant in that place. For the remainder, a house at Lady-\nsmith was occupied with board obtained at private houses.\nThe field season commenced on June 8th, with a preliminary expedition to Salt-\nspring Island to erect a signal on the main geodetic triangulation station Bruce. On\nthis trip other stations on Saltspring Island were occupied and also an unsuccessful\nsearch made for a minor geodetic point on Bodega Hill, Galiano Island. We established\nour own point on Bodega Hill and this proved very useful as an outlying point. The\nstations Bruce and Bodega were finally occupied on September 7th and 8th, just before\nthe smoke from the usual fall slash-burning made any further work impractical. On\nthis visit to Bodega the geodetic point was located and tied to our triangulation.\nThe weather through the season was consistently good, but not particularly so\nfor photographic or triangulation work, due to persistent light clouds hanging over the\ntops of many of the hills. Also it was a much more hazy year than 1942 and the photographs suffered to some extent. But a comparatively small amount of time was lost\ndue to the weather and we were fortunate in choosing suitable days for some of our\nlonger trips.\nDuring the season 131 triangulation and other points were occupied and twenty-\neight dozen photographs taken.\nPHYSICAL FEATURES.\nThe area under consideration is too well known to require much description in\nrespect to its physical characteristics. The most striking feature'is, probably, the two\nlarge and comparatively flat areas which are separated by a range of hills running east\nfrom the mountains along the north side of Cowichan Lake and ending in Mount Bruce\non Saltspring Island. The E. & N. Railway and the highways pass through a low\ngap in these hills between Mounts Prevost and Sicker on the west and Mount Richards\non the east. The flat area around the city of Duncan and on up the valley of the\nCowichan River forms the southerly area. To the north and extending to the Nanaimo\nRiver an area of low rock ridges and plateaus gradually rising to the 4,000-feet hills,\n10 to 15 miles back from the salt water, is found. North of the Nanaimo River is\na similar area of low rock ridges and plateaus but rising to a range of hills projecting\ncloser to the coast-line. Of these, Mount Benson, with an altitude of 3,344 feet, is\na conspicuous landmark and visible for many miles up and down the island. This\nmakes it an ideal triangulation station and forest fire lookout.\nFORESTS.\nIn last year's report mention was made of the many logging-railways and truck-\nroads tapping the timber resources. These have been further extended. The V.L. &\nM. logging-railway up the Chemainus River has been pushed well up Chipman Creek,\nnearly to a junction with Comox truck-road coming down from the north. The Comox\nLogging Company's truck-roads have been extended out in many directions, principally\nup the branches of Haslam Creek. During the summer this Company opened a logging-\nrailway from Ladysmith to and up the Nanaimo River.\nConsiderable exploratory work has been done in that section and there are timbered areas there which, it is claimed, will require forty years to log.\nIn much of the older logged areas reproduction has well started, but large sections\nstill have the barren appearance left by the loggers, and it will take many years before\nit is covered with a new growth. Considerable reforestation is being carried on in\nchosen parts. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY, QUALICUM TO FANNY BAY. C 29\nMINES.\nThe Twin J. mine, on Mount Sicker, has completed the construction of a fine mill\nand concentrator and is now under production. The concentrates are shipped to the\nTacoma smelter for refining. This mine was reopened as a war measure for the production of the base metals, principally copper, and has sufficient ore in sight for a couple\nof years' operations, with probabilities of greater ore-bodies being blocked out.\nThree operating coal-mines were noted in the district, located near Mackay Lake,\nSouth Wellington, and Extension. The mine near South Wellington is reported to be\nnearly worked out and is expected to close shortly. Another report states that a large\ndeposit of good coal has been located near the White Rapids, on the Nanaimo River,\nand that a mine is to be opened there.\nGAME.\nAfter the season of 1942 when we saw much game, principally deer, it was surprising that only a half dozen were noted. It is probable the nearness of well settled\nareas explains this, but there is no doubt there are many deer in the country. Blue\nand willow grouse and wild pigeons were reasonably common.\nOnce more our thanks are due to the logging companies for permission to use\ntheir roads, and in placing at our disposal valuable information from their plans and\nmaps. Being able this year to use the extensive road system of the Comox Logging\nCompany out from Ladysmith made it possible to reach many of our stations which\notherwise would have been very difficult and costly to occupy.\nTOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY IN VICINITY OF\nQUALICUM TO FANNY BAY.\nBy N. C. Stewart, B.C.L.S.\nF. C. Green, Esq.,\nSurveyor-General, Victoria, B.C.\nSir,\u2014I have the honour to submit the following report on the topographical survey\ncarried out under your instructions during the field season of 1943. The area mapped\nis on Vancouver Island, extending north-westerly from Qualicum River, Home Lake,\nand Alberni to the headwaters of the Tsable River and westerly from the east coast\nof Vancouver Island to the westerly boundary of the E. & N. land grant. This work\nis a continuation northerly of my 1942 survey, and also joins up with the 1940 survey\nof R. D. McCaw and my own surveys of 1934, 1937, and 1938. This area contains\napproximately 300 square miles.\nThe survey was designed to produce a map at the scale of % mile to 1 inch, with\na 100-foot contour interval, using air photos to be supplied by the R.C.A.F. The ground\ncontrol was obtained by photo-topographical methods in the mountainous sections and\nby chain and stadia traverses in the flatter parts. The camera stations and traverses\nwere fixed by secondary triangulation derived from existing geodetic points. The\ncoast-line is supplied by the Hydrographic Survey of Canada. Many ties were made\nto lot corners with the idea of accurately placing the cadastral surveys.\nThe instrument-work was all done by myself, for my trained assistants were in\nthe armed services. Five boys under 19 years of age were engaged as helpers. Main\ncamp was established at Mud Bay, where board was obtained at a farm-house. Field-\nwork commenced on June 8th and ended on September 11th, when smoke from slash-\nburning forced me to close down. C 30 REPORT OF MINISTER OF LANDS, 1943.\nPHYSICAL FEATURES.\nFor purposes of description, this area may be divided into three parts\u2014the comparatively flat bench-like portion along the east coast, the Beaufort range of mountains\nin the middle, and the wide timbered valley of the Ash River to the west.\nThe area between the east coast and the steep easterly flank of the Beaufort\nMountains varies from 3 to 5 miles in width and rises in a series of rocky benches to\nabout 1,400 feet. These benches are broken by numerous streams that are fed by\ngreat accumulations of snow on the north-east face of the mountains, the larger of\nthese streams being the Tsable River and Rosewall Creek.\nThe Beaufort Mountains, while very steep on both east and west flanks, are more\nor less rounded on top, with summits varying little in altitude, the highest point being\nMount Joan\u2014altitude, 5,109 feet. Advantage was taken of this characteristic, for we\ntravelled the crest from Mount Joan to Mount Tsable without any great ascents or\ndescents, the going being in beautiful alpine country all the way. Southerly from\nMount Joan the range is divided into two parts by the valley of Big Home Creek,\nwhich flows into Home Lake.\nThe steep westerly slopes of the Beaufort range, which extend in an almost\nstraight line from Bainbridge, near Alberni, to Comox Lake, define the easterly edge\nof an intermontane valley, averaging 4 miles in width; the floor of this valley rises\nfrom sea-level at Alberni to a divide about 1,400 feet altitude, 5 miles south of Comox\nLake.\nThe Ash River, entering from the west, flows into Elsie Lake, then through Dixon\nLake, and after meandering through the valley joins the Stamp River, which in turn\njoins the Somass River, the latter entering salt water at Alberni. From Alberni to\na point just north of the junction of the Ash River with the Stamp River the valley-\nfloor is almost flat, while north-west of this point it is broken up with low bumps, the\nsurface is rougher and the soil more gravelly and rocky.\nFORESTS.\nOriginally this area contained some of the finest timber on Vancouver Island.\nThe climate seems to be absolutely suited for the production of great forest growth,\nthe precipitation is bountiful and the mountains give ample protection from strong\nwinds. However, the greater proportion of this timber has been logged off, especially\nalong the east coast and around Home Lake. The Victoria Lumber Company, of\nChemainus, cutting along the Tsable River, is the largest operator in the east coast\nsection. But there are several smaller outfits, some of which are cutting on the sites\nof the earliest logging. Some of the logged-off areas have recently been planted. The\nAlberni Pacific Lumber Company is operating in the Ash River Valley in a big way.\nThe varieties logged are Douglas fir, red cedar, hemlock, spruce, balsam, and occasional\nwhite pine and yellow cedar. Alder and maple for furniture-making are being logged\nat Deep Bay. Detailed reports on the timber resources may be obtained from the\nForest Branch, Department of Lands.\nMINERALS.\nWith the exception of traces of zinc in the limestone north of Home Lake, there\nare little or no indications of metallic minerals in this area. Coal has been found\nalong the Tsable River and other streams near Fanny Bay. Drillers were working\nalong the Tsable River, defining the coal-measures there. In Memoir 69, compiled by\nD. B. Dowling, Geological Survey, Ottawa, 1915, it is stated that the coal measures of\nthe Comox field extend along the east coast of the island to Northwest Bay and that\nthese measures very possibly contain workable coal-seams. TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY, QUALICUM TO FANNY BAY. C 31\nGAME.\nDeer are plentiful; some fine specimens were seen on the Beaufort range. We\nsaw several small black bears. Blue grouse are plentiful, while willow grouse frequent\nthe lower altitudes. Several flocks of wild pigeons were seen. Various kinds of ducks\nand other water-fowl live along the coast. Signs of fur-bearing animals, including\nmink, marten, beaver, muskrat, and racoon, were found. Trout-fishing can be had in\nHome and Elsie Lakes and in the larger streams, while salmon provide good sport in\nthe Strait of Georgia. There is a fur-farm near Fanny Bay and a muskrat-farm on\nDixon Lake\nCLIMATE.\nThe lowlands along the east coast are protected from the south and west winds\nby the Beaufort Mountains. Here we have a precipitation slightly greater than that\nat Qualicum Beach (average 31 inches), with mean temperatures a little lower. The\nsnowfall on the crest of the Beaufort Range is very great for large snowbanks were\nfound there in July. In the Ash River valley the annual rainfall averages around 70\ninches; hence the climate is considered wet. Fogs originating in the Alberni Canal\noften drift up and fill the valley. As most of the rain falls in winter, I found the field\nseason comparatively dry, although cloudy. There were only five cloudless days during\nthe summer. Slash-burning started on Hornby Island on September 4th.\nACCESSIBILITY.\nThe Island Highway and the E. & N. Railway adequately serve the section east\nof the Beaufort range. Numerous logging-railways extend from tide-water up the\nslopes of the mountains. The more notable of these are the road around the north\nside of Home Lake connecting with the Alberni Highway, the road up Chef and Rose-\nwall Creeks, and the logging-railway of the Victoria Lumber Company from Fanny\nBay up the Tsable River. The area along the east coast is also accessible from the\nStrait of Georgia, there being good wharves for small boats at Deep Bay and Fanny\nBay. An excellent auto-ferry service connects Denman Island with Vancouver Island\nat Buckley Bay.\nThere is a good road from the town of Alberni to Camp 1 of the Alberni Pacific\nLumber Company, a distance of about 13 miles, but northerly from Camp 1 in the Ash\nRiver valley the Company's railway system furnishes the only means of travel.\nINDUSTRIES.\nLogging is the chief industry. As already mentioned, the Alberni Pacific Lumber\nCompany in the Ash River valley and the Victoria Lumber Company on the Tsable\nRiver are the largest operators. There is a large shingle-mill at Fanny Bay.\nFishing fleets operate off the southerly tips of Denman and Hornby Islands; these\ntie up chiefly at Deep Bay, Fanny Bay, and Denman Island, where Government wharves\nare provided. At Deep Bay there is a fish packing and reduction plant.\nThere are numerous small farms along the Island Highway, several of these being\ndairy farms. Good crops of vegetables, fruits, hay, clover, and grain are produced.\nConsiderable expansion in small farming might be expected adjacent to the east coast,\nbut inland the soil is very gravelly and therefore more suited for forest reproduction\nthan for farming.\nThe east coast attracts many tourists and summer campers. This business will\nincrease, for fine sites for summer homes are still available. Home Lake is ideal for\nswimming, boating, and fishing. The \" caves \" in the limestone, about 1 mile from the\nwest end of Home Lake, are a local attraction. The Beaufort Mountains, while not\nas spectacular as the mountains adjacent to the Forbidden Plateau, provide safe mountaineering and the alpine country along the crest of this range is well worth a visit. C 32 REPORT OF MINISTER OF LANDS, 1943.\nAgain I would like to convey my thanks to the logging companies for the use of\ntheir roads and railroads, accommodation in their camps, and for the valuable information from their maps and plans; and also to the various members of the Forestry\nBranch for help in many ways.\nTOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY, WEST COAST\nOF VANCOUVER ISLAND.\nBy G. J. Jackson, B.C.L.S.\nF. C. Green, Esq.,\nSurveyor-General, Victoria, B.C.\nSir,\u2014I have the honour to submit herewith my report on the topographical survey\nmade by me, under your instructions, during the past summer.\nThe area completed is on the west coast of Vancouver Island, in the vicinity of\nClayoquot Sound, and completes map-sheet 92 F\/5 and the south half of sheet 92 E\/8.\nThis includes Flores Island and the areas of Tofino, Tranquil, Bolson, Ursus, and Cypre\nCreeks and Bedwell Sound, and Herbert arid Shelter Inlets.\nThe area has all been covered by vertical views of the R.C.A.F. and the British\nColumbia Forest Service, taken at 15,000 feet elevation. In addition, the shore-lines\nare covered\" by views taken at 10,000 feet. The triangulation was controlled by stations\nof the British Columbia triangulation net and of the Hydrographic Survey of Canada.\nThe party was organized in Victoria'and arrived at Ahousat on June 7th. Here\nthe main camp was established and work commenced in the vicinity. As much of the\ntransportation was by water, a launch was hired for the season. Camps were also\nestablished at the heads of Bedwell Sound and Tranquil Inlet. From these, fly-trips\nwere made up Ursus Creek and Tranquil Creek to the sources. On August 31st three\nof the men left for school, but we continued work for ten days with the remaining two,\nand we arrived back in Victoria on September 12th.\nThe weather during the season was dry for the west coast, but the fog was\nunusually bad and often did not clear for days at a time. There was very little smoke\nand no fires in the area.\nDuring the season views were taken from thirty-six stations and four triangula-\ntions were occupied. Several miles of traverse were run, several land-ties made, and\nmany barometer readings taken.\nAhousat, on Flores Island, is the only settlement in the area. Here there is a\nGovernment wharf, Gibson's store and gas-tanks, and a post-office. Near-by is the\nIndian Settlement of Markosis, where there is a school. The telephone-line along the\nwest coast runs through Ahousat. A C.P.R. boat from Victoria calls every ten days\nwith mail and supplies.\nFlores Island, which is about 60 square miles in extent, is low lying and swampy\nalong the south and west coasts, and the timber is scanty and scrubby. The remainder\nof the island is a jumble of hills, the highest nearly 3,000 feet in elevation, and all are\nheavily timbered to the tops.\nThe area east of Bedwell Sound and drained by the Tofino, Tranquil, Bolson, and'\nUrsus Creeks is very rugged. The valleys are narrow, the sides rising steeply to\nprecipitous, bare, rock ridges and peaks, the highest reaching elevations of over 5,000\nfeet. The country to the west lying between Bedwell Sound and Shelter Inlet is more\nregular, with gentler slopes, and few of the hills reach above timber-line.\nThe whole area is heavily timbered to about 4,000 feet elevation and has a heavy\ngrowth of underbrush. The timber is hemlock, balsam, cedar, spruce, and jack-pine, TOPOGRAPHICAL SURVEY, WEST COAST OF VANCOUVER ISLAND. C 33\nwith scattered fir. Commercial timber is in the river valleys and on the lower hills,\nand does not extend far inland from salt water in most places.\nAs transportation is mostly by water, there are few roads and trails in the area,\nand these, if not in use, are soon filled in with brush and fallen timber.\nOn Tranquil Creek there is a camp building about one-half mile up the river,\nwhich can be reached by boat at high tide. From here there is a truck-road partially\nbuilt for about a mile up the west side of the creek, and a trail that goes a couple of\nmiles farther to a small cabin. We blazed a trail from there to the forks of the\nTranquil and about 4 miles up each fork. The forks are about 5 miles from salt water.\nThere is now a truck-road up the Bedwell River to the Musketeer mine, about 8\nmiles up the river. This starts about one-half mile from the beach on the west side\nand can be reached by boat at high water. About 2 miles up the road a trail branches\noff to Ursus Creek, crosses the Bedwell on a cable, and continues up the north side of\nthe Ursus to the forks, about 10 miles from salt water. From here it continues up the\nNorth Fork on the east side to the Trophy mineral claims, which lie on the ridge\nbetween the North and East Forks. There is a cabin on these claims at about 2,000\nfeet elevation.\nFishing is the chief industry. Purse-seiners and trollers operate in the vicinity.\nThe fish are sent to the canneries and reduction plants on Barclay Sound, or iced and\nsent to markets down the coast. A number of fishermen were catching dogfish for the\nlivers, and were doing well, as the price for livers was high and dogfish were plentiful.\nThere has been little logging done in the area, but this year Gibson Brothers had\nseveral camps taking out isolated patches of spruce for aeroplane construction.\nExcept for the odd prospector, mining is at a standstill until after the war.\nA great number of claims have been staked in the area, but only a few have had much\nwork done on them. The Bedwell River area was quite active until a year ago, a fair\nroad was constructed up the valley and considerable work was done on the properties.\nThe Musketeer and the Buccaneer mines were brought to the producing stage. The\nMusketeer was closed down in 1942, due to the difficulty in obtaining labour and supplies, although it was producing good values in gold and silver. The Buccaneer was\nclosed down and dismantled about the same time. All other properties have stopped\noperations for the present time.\nThe climate is very moderate but precipitation is heavy, over 100 inches a year\nalong the coast and more back in the hills. There is little snowfall on the coast but it\nis heavy in the mountains. The snowfall last winter was unusually heavy. During\nJune snow was still lying on some of the hills at 3,000 feet elevation, and it did not go\nentirely off some of the higher hills during' all the summer. There is considerable fog\nduring the summer months every year.\nThere was very little game in evidence. An occasional deer, black bear, and some\ngrouse and pigeon were seen. Water-fowl are quite plentiful in the inlets during the\nwinter months but are scarce during the summer. There are some fur-bearing animals,\nchiefly mink, marten, racoon, and otter, but these have been constantly trapped and\nare not plentiful.\nTrout in moderate numbers are to be found in most of the rivers and lakes. Salmon\nof all varieties come into the inlets in season and ascend the rivers to spawn. Halibut,\ncod, pilchard, herring, anchovies, and dogfish are also caught commercially along the\ncoast.\nThe work on the maps is now in progress and the usual plans are being prepared. C 34 REPORT OF MINISTER OF LANDS, 1943.\nTRIANGULATION CONTROL SURVEY, COVERING PART OF DRAINAGE AREA OF UPPER SKEENA AND NASS RIVERS, CASSIAR\nDISTRICT.\nBy Hugh Pattinson, B.C.L.S.\nF. C. Green, Esq.,\nSurveyor-General, Victoria, B.C.\nSIR,\u2014I have the honour to submit the following report on the above survey carried\nout by me under your instructions dated June 1st, 1943.\nThe main object of the survey as defined in your instructions was the extension\nsouth-easterly from stations \" Windy \" and \" Slate \" of my season 1942 triangulation,\nin order to obtain a rigid connection with two stations of E. R. Foster's triangulation\nnortherly from Hazelton, thus closing an uncompleted circuit.\nAt the same time, my instructions directed me to collect information that might\nbe of value in appraising the merits of a highway route crossing the Stikine River\nabove Telegraph Creek and connecting by the most suitable route with the British\nColumbia road system at Fort St. James or Hazelton.\nThe party was made up of nine men, three of whom were taken on at Prince\nGeorge and the remainder at Ware. Experienced help was difficult to obtain owing\nto the abnormal conditions prevailing and the average age of the personnel was much\nhigher than that of the usual pre-war party.\nTwenty-five pack-horses were used for transportation purposes and these were\nobtained from J. 0. Davidson, Kechika River, who himself had charge of the pack-\ntrain. On June 18th the party commenced the long trail trip to Kluayaz Lake in the\nvalley of the Kluatantan River, in the vicinity of which the first station to be occupied\nwas located. Some delay was occasioned by the exceptionally high stage of water in\nthe Finlay and Toodogonne Rivers. Two crossings of the former and one of the latter\nhad to be made before the party reached Caribou Hide. From Caribou Hide a route\nwas taken following Laslui, Tuaton, and Happy Lakes to the extreme head of the\nStikine River, then over a timber-line pass and down Skelhorne Creek to the Kluatantan-\nKluayetz divide; whence an existing trail was followed to our first main camp in the\nvicinity of Kluayaz Lake.\nActual survey operations commenced on July 15th with the occupation of station\n\" Windy \" and were carried on continuously until late September, when weather conditions necessitated closing down the work.\nThe general direction of survey operations was south-easterly and the triangulation covers part of the watersheds of the Upper Skeena and Nass Rivers. The last\nstation occupied was station \" Twister,\" situated east of Bird Flat Creek, from which\nsights were taken across the Sustut River. Unfortunately, the corresponding station\n\" Mosque \" on the west side of Bird Flat Creek was not occupied, as after waiting three\ndays for visibility a heavy snowfall occurred which made it advisable to move to low\naltitudes. No station south of the Sustut River was occupied. It was found necessary to cut out and blaze considerable new trail and also to brush out and reblaze many\nmiles of old trail. The old trails along Slowmaldo Creek and Bark Creek were in particularly bad condition, being almost completely grown over with devil's-club, wild\nrhubarb, etc., and strewn with large spruce windfalls. There is little or no horse-feed\nalong the above creeks, and during a three-week trip into that region three horses went\nlame and a fourth got into poison-weed. Other old trails used during the season were\nnot too bad, except perhaps a short stretch along Duti Creek, below the mouth of\nMalloch Creek, where the windfalls were very numerous. The highest point utilized\nas a station was Mount Alma, situated near the head of Thutade Creek, which has an\naltitude of 7,897 feet. TRIANGULATION SURVEY, CASSIAR DISTRICT. C 35\nACCESS.\nThe only means of access at the present time is by trail, of which there are three\nat present passable for pack-trains. That most generally used is the one which begins\nat Telegraph Creek and runs easterly to Buckley Lake, crossing the Klastline River at\na canyon and following it for some distance. The trail crosses a 3,940-foot summit\nbefore dropping down to Klappan River crossing. The distance to the crossing from\nTelegraph Creek is between 70 and 80 miles by trail and with full horse loads takes\nabout six or seven days. From Klappan River crossing the trail continues southeasterly following the Little Klappan, Indian Creek, Kluayetz Creek, and Kluatantan\nRiver to the Skeena.\nAnother trail leaves the Finlay River from the mouth of Bower Creek above Ware.\nIt runs westerly to Caribou Hide, crossing the Finlay south of Fishing Lakes and\nfollows Toodogonne River, continuing westerly to Caribou Hide on the Stikine River.\nFrom Caribou Hide Indian and game trails can be followed to the head of the Stikine\nRiver and on down Skelhorne Creek to the existing trail in the Kluatantan Valley.\nA third trail .from Takla Landing follows the Driftwood and Bear Rivers, crossing\nthe Sustut River about 15 miles above its mouth and continues north-westerly to the\nhead of Malloch Creek, passing close to Thutade and Tatlatui Lakes. It then follows\nMalloch, Duti, and Black Creeks, passing to the south of Tzahny and Beaver Lakes and\njoining the main trail in the Kluatantan Valley. There is not much to choose between\nthe above three routes to the Upper Skeena River and the amount of time required is\nabout the same for each, though the route from Telegraph Creek is probably a little\nquicker. The distance travelled each day over any of these trails is governed to a certain extent by various factors, such as suitable camp-sites and good feeding-grounds\nfor the horses. Much better mileage can be made in the late summer when the trails\nare dry than in the spring when they are soft and frequently covered with several\ninches of water. In addition to the three trails mentioned above, there is another\ntrail entering the region from Hazelton which follows the Skeena River and Slowmaldo\nCreek. This trail is in no condition to take horses over, being littered with windfalls\nand badly overgrown with vegetation. It has not been in general use for many years\nand the bridges at most of the creek crossings have been washed out.\nPHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS.\nThe region covered by the season's survey operations lies mainly within the drainage area of the Upper Skeena and Nass Rivers and includes the high glaciated mountains of the Tatlatui range. The mountains on both sides of the Upper Skeena are\nrugged in character, with steep craggy peaks and large glaciers on the northerly\nslopes. The valley of the Upper Skeena is thickly timbered and not very wide. Its\nmain headwater branches are Duti Creek and Kluatantan River, both of which drain\nrugged mountain areas. The former heads in the mountains west of Kitchener Lake\nand is fed from numerous glaciers. It is a swift-flowing creek, difficult to ford except\nduring periods of low water. The lower Duti Valley is thickly timbered with spruce,\nbut farther up in the vicinity of Malloch Creek there are some fairly extensive old\nburns and much fallen timber, making travelling slow and arduous.\nThe Kluatantan River heads in open grassy country and flows south-easterly down\na wide valley through semi-open country for about 7 miles, where its volume is\nincreased by the water of Kluayaz Creek which flows out of Kluayaz Lake. It then\ncontinues southerly through a narrowing valley and empties into the Upper Skeena\nabout 10 miles above the mouth of Duti Creek. The lower Kluatantan Valley is wooded\nand the vegetation increases in density towards its confluence with the Skeena.\nThe Sustut is the only other river of importance. It heads in the high mountains\nof the McConnell range, one of its headwater branches flowing out of Sustut Lake. C 36 REPORT OF MINISTER OF LANDS, 1943.\nIt empties into the Skeena River about 11 miles west of the Takla Lake trail. At the\ntrail crossing there is a good ford, the width at that point being about 100 feet. Its\nmain tributaries are Bird Flat Creek and Bear River. The former heads near Bird\nHill and flows through a wide grassy valley at its upper end. It flows parallel to the\ntrail most of the way down to its mouth and the descent is rapid for the last few\nmiles, narrowing to a ravine in places.\nThe Bear River flows out of Bear Lake and is only a short creek. It parallels the\nTakla Lake trail and enters the Sustut River about 4 miles above the ford.\nFOREST-COVER.\nThere is no timber of commercial value except in the Skeena and Slowmaldo Creek\nvalleys below the 3,000-foot contour, where there are some good stands of Canada\nspruce, with some trees running over 24 inches in diameter. The remainder of the\nregion is too high in altitude to produce timber of commercial grade and generally has\na medium coverage of scrub spruce, with occasional patches of jack-pine and poplar\nwith some birch. Alpine balsam predominates above the 4,000-foot level. A comparatively small proportion of the region has been burnt over. The timber down the\nSkeena and Slowmaldo Creek appeared to be all first growth and no old burns were\nnoticed; in fact, the only burnt areas observed were along Duti and Malloch Creeks\nand east of Bird Flat Creek. Timber-line is slightly over 5,000 feet.\nVEGETATION.\nThe country supports an abundance of wild grasses and a sufficiency of good\nhorse-feed was available at most of our camps. Along the trail between the head of\nMalloch Creek and the Sustut River there are large areas of good summer pasture.\nFeed was very scarce in the Skeena and Slowmaldo Creek valleys, where the other\nvegetation is so dense that there is no chance for grass to grow. These valleys support a very rank growth of devil's-club and wild rhubarb, with patches of stinging\nnettles and some poison weed. There are some small areas of swamp-grass, but we\nfound it difficult to locate sufficient feed for more than a one-night camp. Wild strawberries, gooseberries, raspberries, low- and high-bush blueberries, huckleberries, and\ncranberries were noticed in various portions of the area. Huckleberries and blueberries were particularly plentiful in the old burns along the mountain-slopes above\nMalloch Creek and also on the slopes east of Bird Flat Creek.\nGAME AND FUR-BEARING ANIMALS.\nMoose and caribou are quite numerous and herds up to twenty or thirty of the\nlatter were seen. Grizzly and black bear were encountered on several occasions. No\nsheep were noticed, but plenty o'f goats were observed grazing on the high mountain\npastures. During last season no sheep were seen east of the Spatsizi River. Beaver\nare the most numerous of the more valuable fur-bearing animals, but lynx, marten,\nfox, mink, wolverine, and muskrat are also trapped. Groundhogs are plentiful and\nwolves roam over the region. Last season black chipmunks were noticed in the mountains in the vicinity of Malloch Creek. This season a coal-black wolf and a black\nsquirrel were noticed in approximately the same area. Among the game birds found\nare willow and blue grouse, the former being quite plentiful. Ptarmigan are numerous\nin the mountains. Some Canada geese and swans were also noticed. Rainbow trout\nare found in some of the creeks and large salmon find their way up the Skeena River\nto Kluayaz Lake and to the Sustut River.\nCLIMATE.\nIt would be difficult to make a fair report on the average climatic conditions of\nthe region after spending one season in it. There are no permanent residents from TRIANGULATION SURVEY, CASSIAR DISTRICT. C 37\nwhom weather data can be obtained and all the information that the Indians could\ngive me was that \" it was plenty wet.\" The appearance of the vegetation and timber\nin the Upper Skeena and Slowmaldo valleys would certainly indicate a. heavy annual\nprecipitation. There were over sixty days when the skies were overcast, low-hanging\nclouds obscured the mountains and rain fell during some part of the day. The trails\nremained soft and wet until the end of the season. The past summer was exceptionally\nwet and cannot be taken as an average upon which to base an estimate of the annual\nprecipitation. The snowfall is very heavy in the Upper Skeena Valley according to the\ninformation obtained from Indians. Light frosts at night are fairly frequent during\nthe summer at elevations over 3,500 feet.\nGENERAL.\nThere are no permanent residents but the Bear Lake and Caribou Hide Indians\nhunt and trap portions of the region. At the present time the only source of revenue\nis from the fur. It seems probable that in the not too far distant future the Skeena\nmight be logged for its spruce timber. The river seems to be suitable for a log drive\nand the erection of a pulp-mill somewhere on the lower Skeena is a probability of the\nfuture. Coal was found in the region over thirty years ago and a considerable amount\nof work done at that time on development, including the construction of many miles\nof pack-trail, but, for some reason, interest died out and work was discontinued.\nPossibilities of general farming do not seem bright as the average elevation is too\nhigh. The latitude is approximately the same as that of the northern half of the\nProvincial Peace River Block. There are many thousands of acres of good high pasture which would afford excellent summer feed for stock, but the possibility of wintering cattle successfully remains open to doubt. Sufficient hay could be cut on the wild\nmeadows to winter a limited number of stock. Domesticated reindeer might make the\ncountry productive.\nHydroplanes have landed on Thutade, Kitchener, and Bear Lakes, and Tatlatui\nLake and Trygve Lake should be suitable for the same purpose.\nDuring the season at least 50 miles of old trail were brushed out and sufficient\nwindfalls removed to make pack-horse travel possible. The old trails down Slowmaldo\nCreek as far as Station Slowmaldo and the Bark Creek trail were in particularly bad\nshape, and although the worst windfalls were cut out these trails are still hardly\npassable with horses. About 12 miles of trail were cut out between the mouth of\nMalloch Creek and Hoy Lake and 8 miles along Bird Flat Creek, also 5 or 6 miles south\nof Thutade Lake. The trail from Kluayaz Lake following Langlois, Telfer, and Trail\nCreeks and crossing the divide west of Groundhog Mountain was made passable for\npack-horses to the Slowmaldo-Trail Creek Divide. When moving camp it was customary to have two or three men ahead of the pack-train with axes and machetes, reblazing\nand brushing out the old trails so that there would be as little delay as possible. From\na scenic point of view the country would be hard to surpass. The mountains are\nextremely rugged with many large glaciers and the high open valleys and mountain\npasses between Upper Bird Flat Creek and Thutade Lake provide natural feeding-\ngrounds for caribou and moose.\nVICTORIA, B.C. :\nPrinted by Chables F. Banfield, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty.\n1944.\n1,105-344-8267\nI ","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/hasType":[{"value":"Legislative proceedings","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/identifier":[{"value":"J110.L5 S7","type":"literal","lang":"en"},{"value":"1945_V01_04_C1_C37","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/isShownAt":[{"value":"10.14288\/1.0319112","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/language":[{"value":"English","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/provider":[{"value":"Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/publisher":[{"value":"Victoria, BC : Government Printer","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/rights":[{"value":"Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/source":[{"value":"Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/title":[{"value":"PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA ANNUAL REPORT OF THE LANDS AND SURVEYS BRANCHES OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LAND FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31ST, 1943 HON. A. WELLS GRAY, MINISTER OF LANDS","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/type":[{"value":"Text","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/description":[{"value":"","type":"literal","lang":"en"}]}}