{"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.14288\/1.0063716":{"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/terms#identifierAIP":[{"value":"35883121-bdf3-4f1c-b2f5-addac4f71bf5","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/dataProvider":[{"value":"CONTENTdm","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/alternative":[{"value":"QUATSINO AND CAPE SCOTT COLONIZATION.","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/isReferencedBy":[{"value":"http:\/\/resolve.library.ubc.ca\/cgi-bin\/catsearch?bid=1198198","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/isPartOf":[{"value":"Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/creator":[{"value":"British Columbia. Legislative Assembly","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/issued":[{"value":"2014-11-26","type":"literal","lang":"en"},{"value":"[1897]","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/aggregatedCHO":[{"value":"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/collections\/bcsessional\/items\/1.0063716\/source.json","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/format":[{"value":"application\/pdf","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2009\/08\/skos-reference\/skos.html#note":[{"value":" 60 Vict. Quatsino and Cape Scott Colonization. 765\nRETURN\nTo an Order of the House for a full Return of all papers and reports from any person\nor persons, and correspondence between any member of the Government and any\nother member of the Government, and between any member of the Government\nand any other person; also a detailed statement of money expended by the Government in connection with the Quatsino and Cape Scott colonization.\nJAMES BAKER,\nProvincial Secretary.\nProvincial Secretary's Office,\nloth March, 1897.\nHon. Col. James Baker.\nQUATSINO.\nQuatsino Sound, December 15th, 1894.\nSir,\u2014As representative of the Nova Co-operative Society of Minneapolis, Minn., I hereby\nask your Honour to set aside part of the Peninsula terminating at Quatsino Narrows, including part of Townships 10, 11, 18 and 19, and part of the other shore opposite Limestone Island,\nas a site for said colony, provided they conclude to settle on said land. All of said land is\ntimbered by spruce and hemlock except two small meadows opposite and below Limestone\nIsland.\nI have recommended the colonists, in case they should settle on said land, to bring a small\nsaw-mill and a bark mill to utilise as much as possible of the timber while clearing the land.\nIn that case they would want a stream sufficiently strong for mill power. It is doubtful if the\ncreeks on the Peninsula is strong enough and permanent, so they would probably have to look\nto one of the streams on the opposite shore, for instance, the one emptying into or near Kultus\nCove. All the land I have seen thus far is heavily timbered, but the soil seems to be good, but I\nwould not think of settling upon it if it was not for the advantage of a water front, and the\npossible chance of manufacturing the timber into some useful article of trade while clearing the\nland, as I consider the cost of clearing $100 an acre or more.\nI have, etc.,\nH. O. Bergh.\nProvincial Secretary's Office,\nVictoria, B. C, 27th December, 1894.\nDear Sir,\u2014I am in receipt of your letter of the 15th instant, asking that Townships 10,\n11, 18 and 19, near Quatsino Narrows, be reserved for the Nova (?) Co-operative Society of\nMinneapolis. In reply I may state that the lands on the north of the Island are reserved for\ncolonies, but your letter is not sufficiently definite to warrant me in reserving it specially for\nyour colony. I must require further information as to the names and number of the colonists\nbefore the land can be specially reserved.\nAre you of the same colony as Mr. Nordstrom and the other company of Norwegians who\nlately went to the north of the Island ? I cannot deal definitely in the matter of special\nreserves of land unless the colonists sign an agreement appointing say one or two delegates to\ndeal directly with the Government on their behalf. In such case every endeavour will be made\nto meet their wishes so far as it can be done legitimately. 766 Quatsino and Cape Scott Colonization. 1897\nAn appropriation has been placed upon the Estimates for a waggon road to Fort Rupert,\nwhich will put the colonists in touch with a port of call.\nI am, etc.,\nJames Baker,\nMr. H. 0. Bergh, Provincial Secretary.\nQuatsino Sound.\nCoal Harbour, B.C.,\nQuatsino Sound, Dec. 15th,  1894.\nTo the Minister of Immigration,\n.    Hon.  Col. James Baker,    Victoria, B. G.\nDear Sir.\u2014We have not yet been able to find enough suitable land for our purpose;\nthe weather has been unfavourable for travelling; it will be hard to find a tract of land in a\nbody big enough for us all, so we have to spread out, which I suppose makes no difference to\nthe Government. Mr. Huson has done well and given us all the information he can. The\nfirst and most necessary step to take is to get a road cut to Fort Rupert from the most favourable place on the bay. We can get cattle from that side easier than any other way. Our only\nhope is to look to you for assistance in this measure.\nYours most respectfully,\nChris. Nordstrom.\nProvincial Secretary's Office,\nVictoria, B.C., 27th December,  1894.\nDear Sir,\u2014I am in receipt of your letter of the 15th instant. You will probably be\nalready informed that an appropriation has been placed on the Estimates for a road to Fort\nRupert which will enable settlers on Rupert Arm and Quatsino Sound to be in touch with a\nport of call.\nAs soon as your colony can give me definite information regarding the lands upon which\nthey propose to settle, I will do my best to comply with their request, provided it can be done\nlegitimately.\nYours faithfully,\nJames Baker,\nProvincial Secretary.\nMr. Chris. Nordstrom, Coal, Harbour, Quatsino Sound.\nProvincial Secretary's Office,\nVictoria, B. O, 7th January, 1895.\nMr. C. F. Nordstrom, Coal Harbour, Quatsino Sound.\nDear Sir,\u2014I have your letter of the 23rd ultimo, but I cannot send up an engineer to\nlay out your lands until you give more definite information on several points :\u2014\n1st. You must mark on the accompaning map the sections of land you wish to be taken\nup by the colony.\n2nd. You must send me the names of the colonists and their written requests that they\nare ready to accede to the terms of agreement with the Government as per enclosed draft\nindenture.\n3rd.  The number of colonists must not be less than thirty.\n4th. The colonists must each of them, in writing, depute you or someone else to act in\ntheir behalf in negotiating with the Government.\nSo soon as I have this information I will at once send an engineer to lay off the lands.\nThe lands in the neighbourhood of Quatsino Sound and the Rupert Arms are already\nreserved from occupation pending the settlement of your colony. Let me know also what\nnumber of colonists are likely to come, and when they would arrive.\nYours, etc.,\nJames Baker,\nMinister of Immigration. 60 Vict. Quatsino and Cape Scott Colonization. 767\nCoal Harbour, Quatsino Sound,\nJanuary 18th, 1895.\nMinister of Immigration, Hon. Col. James Baker,\nVictoria B. C.\nDear Sir,\u2014Yours of the 7th received. We cannot yet give a definite answer to your\nquestions.\n1st. It has been impossible yet to travel round and look for land on account of bad\nweather.\n2nd. It is only ten of us here, but we was sent out to find a location for a colony, and\neverything is depending on us, but we have no way of communicating with the outside\nworld as we been here two months and not received a letter yet. I know we have plenty\nmail now some place. If we had a road to Fort Rupert it would be possible to send and\nreceive mail.    If we settle here, it will not be less than 100 people in our colony.\nYours, etc.,\nChris. Nordstrom.\nProvincial Secretary's Office,\nVictoria, B.C., 24th January,  1895.\nDear Sir,\u2014Referring to the mail matter for the members of the Quatsino Settlement,\nV.I., which was handed to you by Mr. John Jessop, and which you were so good as to forward\nto Fort Rupert, I beg to acquaint you that this office is in receipt of a letter, dated the 18th\ninstant, written by Mr. Chris. Nordstrom intimating that the settlers had been two months\nresident at Coal Harbour and had not received a letter.\nIn view of the difficulty of communication between Coal Harbour and Fort Rupert it is\nconsidered advisable that the said mail matter be returned to Victoria for transmission to the\nsettlers by the S.S. \" Mischief\" or some other opportunity, via the West Coast, and I am to\nrequest that you will be so obliging as to cause steps to be taken to this end. Thanking you\nin anticipation. Faithfully yours,\nA. Campbell Reddie,\nDeputy Provincial Secretary.\nT.  A.   Cairns,   Esq.,\nDeputy  Postmaster.\nVictoria,  B.C.,  25th January,  1895.\nDear Sir,\u2014 In reply to your communication of the 24th inst., in reference to mail matter\naddressed to Fort Rupert, I beg to state that your letter has been referred to the Post Office\nInspector, who will make the necessary arrangements to have the letters mentioned delivered\nat the proper place.\nI shall endeavour to obtain a list of those who wish their mail to be forwarded to\nCoal Harbour, aud in future have their letters delivered at that place.\nYours very truly,\nT. A. Cairns,\nA. Campbell Reddie, Esq., Deputy Postmaster.\nDeputy Provincial  Secretary,   Victoria.\nVictoria, B.C.,  1st February, 1895.\nDear Sir,\u2014Referring to your letter of the 24th ultimo, addressed to Mr. Cairns, requesting that certain mail matter addressed to members of the Quatsino Settlement which had been\nforwarded from Victoria to Alert Bay, be returned to be forwarded by steamer \" Mischief \" or\nsuch other opportunity as offered, I beg to say that I have communicated with the Postmaster\nat Alert Bay and requested him to return the mail matter in question by the earliest\nopportunity. Yours truly,\nW. H. Dorman,\nA. Campbell Reddie, Esq., For P. 0. Inspector.\nDeputy Provincial Secretary,   Victoria, B. C. 768\nQuatsino and Cape Scott Colonization.\n1897\nPer S S. \" Mischief.\"\nProvincial Secretary's Office,\nVictoria, B. C, 6th February, 1895.\nSir,\u2014Referring to your letter of the 18th of last month to the Minister of Immigration,\nin which you state that no mail had reached the colony, I desire to aquaint you that on the\n24th of January the matter was brought to the attention of the Post Office authorities, who\nhave promised to make necessary arrangements to have all letters, etc., addressed to members\nof the Quatsino Settlement returned from Alert Bay by the earliest opportunity for transmission by the steamer \" Mischief,\" or such other opportunity as may offer, to Coal Harbour.\nBy the bearer I forward to your address all mail matter received at this office.\nYours, etc.,\nA. Campbell Reddie,\nDeputy Provincial Secretary.\nMr. Chris. Nordstrom, Coal Harbour,\nQuatsino Harbour, V. I.\nProvincial Secretary's Office,\nVictoria, B. C, 6th February, 1895.\nDear Sir,\u2014I desire to acknowledge the receipt of and to thank you for your note\nintirnaing that you had caused steps to be taken whereby the mail matter for the Quatsino\nSettlement which was dispatched to Alert Bay, would be returned, for transmission to Coal\nHarbour by steamer proceeding direct to that port.\nYours, etc.,\nA. Campbell Reddie,\nDeputy Provincial Secretary.\nThe Post Office Inspector, Victoria.\nQuatsino Sound, March 13th, 1895.\nThe Hon. James Baker,\nMinister of Immigration.\nWe, the undersigned, being desirous of forming ourselves into a colony for the purpose of\nacquiring and occupying land in Quatsino Sound, do hereby appoint Mr. C. Nordstrom to act\nas our representative in all matters regarding the formation of said colony.\nAnd we agree to abide by any conditions he makes with the Government for the above\nmentioned purpose.\nH. O. Bergh,\nB. C. Loken,\nEddyus Evanson,\nJ. Ingersol,\nHannah Nordstrom,\nAlex. H. Finlaison,\nH. P. Nordby,\nG. T. Sanners,\nWm. Thompson,\nNelson McDonald,\nEdward McDonald,\nJulieus Udby,\nC. F. Nordstrom,\nHarold Stranwold,\nW. Hunt,\nH. R. Foote,\nLouise Nordstrom,\nTelesphore Labimiere,\nOle Akre,\nT. 0. Sanners,\nCharles J. McDonald,\nJames McDonald,\nCharles McDonald. 60 Vict. Quatsino and Cape Scott Colonization. 769\nProvincial Secretary's Office,\nVictoria, B. C, 1st April, 1895.\nAndrew Haslam, Esq., M. P., Nanaimo.\nDear Sir,\u2014A large colony of Norwegians, probably two hundred or more, are being\nsettled near Quatsino Narrows on the north part of the Island, and they are very anxious to\nhave postal arragements made as soon as possible, so that they can get a regular mail.\nIt is important to make things go as smoothly as possible for them, as other Scandinavian\ncolonies are to be encouraged to settle in other portions of the Province, and they make the\nbest of immigrants.\n[f you can push the Dominion authorities to grant them a mail I shall be much obliged.\nYours faithfully,\nJames Baker,\nMinister of Immigration.\nNanaimo, B. C, April 4th, 1895.\nHon. Col. Baker.\nDear Sir,\u2014In reference to yours re the mail service north on the West Coast, I will\nbe only too glad to do anything I can to make matters more convenient. I have been trying\nto get a better service all along the coast, but the Government don't like paying out so much\nwhen the income is so small. The mail runs now from Alberni to Uclulet. I can see it would\nbe much more advantageous were it running along the coast line, as the service would be\nbeneficial in other ways, for instance, in carrying freight and passengers.\nThere are a good many complaints from points along the coast. I have been trying to\nget a mail to San Juan River; the C. P. N. Co. ask $30 per trip. I will have a talk with\nMr. Fletcher to see if some plan could be adopted whereby the whole could be served.\nYours truly,\nA. Haslam.\nQuatsino, June 9th, 1895.\nHon. James Baker, Minister of Immigration,\nVictoria, B. C.\nSir,\u2014 I have the honour to submit the following report in connection with the settlement\nof the Quatsino Sound Colony.\nHaving completed the survey of 35 lots, 30 of these being in the vicinity of Hecate Cove,\nand the remainder on Limestone Island, which I think is sufficent for the present, I am now\nengaged in surveying the outlines of a block on the south side of Quatsino Sound, and about\nthree miles south-west of the present settlement.\nThis work will only take about a week, and I will then be able to estimate as to the number\nof settlers that can be located in this vicinity.    I will then start on the location of the road.\nI began the surveys first, as several of the settlers wished to build at once, and of course\ncould not do so until they were properly located.\nThere are 15 claims taken up to the present time, and Nordstrom informs me that more\nsettlers will be up by the next steamer. Six of the present settlers have already built houses\non their claims, and the men I have employed on survey will start theirs during the time I\nam engaged locating the road.\nThey all appear to be satisfied with their locations, and most of them have been content\nwith 80 acres. I think it is much better for them to take that amount of land, as, in my\nopinion, it is quite sufficient for any settler in this densely wooded country, and possesses\nthe further advantage of forming a more united colony.\nI have not had time, as yet, to fill in any of the Indentures, but will forward them to you\nin the course of a couple of weeks.\nI send you by this mail a rough plan, showing the manner in which the surveys have\nbeen made ; the lots outlined in green are the ones that have been surveyed, and I have\nfollowed the regular system of survey as already adopted in this District.\nThe present location is well adapted for a settlement, the soil being fairly good, and well\ndrained by numerous small creeks. I have, etc.,\nH. Burnet, P. L. S.\nL Provincial Secretary's Office,\nVictoria, B.C., June 21st, 1895.\nH. Burnet, Esq., P.L.S.,\nQuatsino,   Vancouver  Island.\nSir,\u2014I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 9th\ninst., reporting on the Scandinavian colony of Quatsino Sound. I am glad you are able to\nrender such good account of the progress of the colony, and I fully approve of the steps which\nyou have taken with regard to the survey and work upon the roads.\nThe land on the north-west corner of the Island is now vacant for settlement, and if any\nof the friends of the Scandinavians now settled in Quatsino are possessed of sufficient means\nand wish to take up land, that quarter is now open to them for settlement on similar terms.\nI have, etc.,\nJames  Baker,\nProvincial Secretary.\nQuatsino, July 10th,  1895.\nHon. James Baker,\nMinister of Immigration,   Victoria.\nSir,\u2014I have the honour to forward you by this mail the indentures of fifteen of the\ncolonists ; there is about half a dozen more claims taken up, but as they lie outside the limits\nof the present surveys I have simply located them and will complete the surveys later on.\nI have been engaged on the construction of the road since July 2nd; previous to that I\nspent a couple of weeks on the location and obtained a very good line. The distance across is\nabout nine miles, but the road will require to be extended about a mile further in order to\nreach a suitable locality for the construction of a wharf. The road will pass through some\nvery good country and will open up an area of about fifteen thousand acres suitable for\nsettlement.\nI have between fifteen and twenty men employed, and at the present rate of progress will\nreach Hardy Bay about the middle of September. There will be three bridges of between\n60 and 70 feet in length each, and several smaller ones. I expect by the time we reach Hardy\nBay the present \" grant\" will be exhausted. The road will then be about ready for grading\nand horses can be used to advantage.\nIn regard to each colonist being required to possess the sum of three hundred dollars in\ncash there are only a few of them that have that amount at their disposal at present, but most\nof them will have by the fall.\nHowever, they have all declared before a witness that they have property valued at more\nthan that amount, and which can be easily converted in money if required which, I suppose, is\nsatisfactory.\nKindly forward me some more of the indentures as my present supply is exhausted.\nI have, etc.,\nH. Burnet, P.L.S.\nProvincial Secretary's Office,\nVictoria, B. C, 29th July, 1895.\nH. Burnet, Esq.,\nQuatsino, Vancouver Island.\nSir,\u2014I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 10th instant,\ntogether with fifteen Indentures signed by the colonists, and informing me that you expect to\nhave the road finished to Hardy Bay by the middle of September.\nI am glad to hear that there is so much available land along the road, and it will be well\nfor you to survey the fifteen thousand acres you allude to, so that it may be available for settlement and occupation.\nI send you some more of the Indentures.\nI have, etc.,\nJames Baker,\nMinister of Immigration. 60 Vict. Quatsino and Cape Scott Colonization. 771\nQuatsino Sound,\nScandia Settlement, B. C, Aug. 31st, 1895.\nTo Minister of Immigration,\nHon. J. Baker,  Victoria, B. C.\nDear Sir,\u2014As we have not had any mail for a long time, and no boat comes here any\nmore, and nothing more heard of any Post Office, so have we a few questions to ask :\nIs there any prospects to get a Post Office ?\nIs there any way to get a boat to call here sometimes, so we could get provisions sent up 1\nIf not, we don't see how we can live here.    Please let us know soon.\nRespectfully yours,\nChris. Nordstrom.\nProvincial Secretary's Office,\nVictoria, B. C, Sept. 16th, 1895.\nDear Sir,\u2014I am in receipt of your letter of August 31st, and I much regret the difficulty\nyou are labouring under with regard to mail facilities, but I trust that it is only a temporary\ninconvenience.\nThe waggon road which is being made from Coal Harbour to Hardy Bay, is intended to\nput you in communication with the steamers which ply regularly on the east coast of the Island.\nFrom a letter received from Mr. Burnet, who is in charge of the construction party which is\nmaking the, road, 1 understood that it would be finished towards the end of September. I\nshould be obliged if you will put yourself in communication with him, and try and arrange some\nmeans so that your letters and those of the Colony may be regularly forwarded to a point on\nHardy Bay, which would be in touch wdth the steamers.\nPlease be good enough to let me know as soon as possible what arrangement you can make\nin this direction. I have already called the attention of the Post Office Inspector to the difficulties which you labour under, and no doubt they will be remedied.\nYours faithfully,\nJames Baker,\nMinister of Immigration.\nChristopher Nordstrom,  Esq.,\nQuatsino Sound, Scandia Settlement, B. C.\nNanaimo, B. C, October 1st, 1895.\nHon. James Baker,\nProvincial Secretary.\nDear Sir,\u2014In reply to yours of the 28th September, I will gladly use any influence I\nmay have towards getting the subsidy for a mail to Quatsino Sound. You would materially\nassist by letting me know some of the particulars of the settlement as to numbers, importance\nand so on.\nYours truly,\nA. Haslam.\nQuatsino Sound, October 7th, 1895.\nThe Hon. Col. Baker,\nProvincial Secretary.\nDear Sir,\u2014Yours of September 30th received. Our mail I do not think we can arrange\nto get via Hardy Bay, as there is no one living there to receive it. We would much prefer\nhaving it sent by the west coast (for this winter any how), otherwise we will have no regular\nsteamer service until the route is self-supporting. Trusting you will be able to arrange the\nmatter in this way.\nI remain, etc.,\nChris. Nordstrom. Quatsino, B. C, April 13th, 1896.\nTo the Hon. Col. Baker, Victoria, B. C.\nDear Sir,\u2014We, the settlers of Quatsino, were assembled to-day in public meeting. A\nmotion was made, seconded, decided upon, and unanimously carried, that we hereby most\nrespectfully ask you to continue the road work up here this summer in order to get a passable\nroad from Coal Harbour to Hardy Bay.\nSeveral of us are anxious to get in some cattle, which we can buy reasonably at the East\nCoast, but the trail across is not passable even for cattle now, and to get stock in from the\nwest side is impossible so long as only the little steamer calls in here, which does not meet our\ndemands, also in several other respects.\nAs you are well aware that this road will open up an extensive area of good agricultural\nland, besides helping the colony in its present need, we trust that you will grant above request\nand favour us with an answer by the next mail.\nI have, etc.,\nChris. Nordstrom, President.\nS. K. Float, Secretary pro tern.\nProvincial Secretary's Office,\nVictoria, B. C, April 22nd, 1896.\nSir,\u2014I am in receipt of your letter of the 13th instant with regard to the road to Hardy\nBay.\nAn appropriation has been placed upon the Estimates for the purpose, and the road will\nbe proceeded with this spring.\nI request to know what prospect there is of any more settlers coming in to make up the\nrequired number for your colony, otherwise some other arrangements will have to be made\nwith regard to the title to the lands which you occupy.\nI am, etc.,\nJames Baker,\nMinister of Immigration.\nC. Nordstrom, Esq., Quatsino.\nQuatsino, B.C., June 24th, 1896.\nMinister of Immigration,\nHon.  Col.   James Baker.\nSir,\u2014Yours of April 22nd is duly received, when you request me to state what prospect\nthere is of any more settlers to come into Quatsino to make up the required number in the\nColony. To this question I cannot give any particular time, but am sure we will have more\nthan 30 before summer is over.\nWe are at present 21 members. You stated in your letter that the work was going to\ncommence on the Hardy Bay Road in the spring. Will there be any this summer ? We\ncannot accomplish hardly anything without cattle, and the only way to bring cattle in here\nwill be from Hardy Bay, and our only hope lay in the completion of that road.\nSuppose we should not be the full number before next fall, what arrangement will have\nto be done regarding the title to our land we now occupy.\nI am, etc.,\nChris. Nordstrom. 60 Vict. Quatsino and Cape Scott Colonization. 773\nVictoria, B.C.,  July 10th,  1896.\nSir,\u2014I have the honour to instruct you to proceed to Quatsino by the first steamer for\nthe purpose of superintending the completion of the construction of a rough waggon road\nalong the line of a trail, extending between Hardy Bay on the north-west coast of Vancouver\nIsland and Coal Harbour on the west arm of Quatsino, which was made last year by Mr.\nBurnet, a copy of whose report I enclose for your information.\nThe sum of two thousand ($2,000) dollars has been appropriated for the service. I must\ntherefore caution you to bear in mind that your expenditure must come within that amount,\ninclusive of your own pay and all other expenses.\nYou will employ the settlers upon lands in the neighbourhood to do the work, and they\nwill be paid at the rate of $2.00 per diem, for which purpose you will please fill out pay sheets\nand get them receipted by each man so employed and send them to me. Your own pay will\nbe at the rate of $100.00 per month, and your actual travelling expenses will be defrayed by\nthe Government.\nThe enclosed specification is given as a guide to you, but you are at liberty to make such\nalterations as the nature of the work may render advisable.\nYou are expected to carry out the work in an economical manner and, if possible, to complete the work this season.\nI have, etc.,\nW. S. Gore,\nDeputy Commissioner of Lands and Works.\nWm. Hassard,   Esq.,\nVictoria, B.C.\nRoad to Rupert Arm.\nW. S. Gore, Esq.,\nDeputy Commissioner of Lands and Works.\nSir,\u2014I beg to report that in accordance with your instructions I proceeded by steamer\n\"Mischief\" to Quatsino, to construct a rough waggon road from Hardy Bay to Coal Harbour,\nemploying on the work settlers on lands in that neighbourhood. We commenced work on\n3rd last August, and cleared off fallen logs, grubbed or low cut all trees, stumps and roots,\ngraded down hillocks and side hills and filled hollows, so as to make a fairly passable road, 10\nfeet wide, for a distance, from Coal Harbour, of nearly four miles. Several changes have\nbeen made from the existing trail in order to carry the road in a more direct line. Owing to\nthe thickly wooded country through which the road passes, and the uneven nature of the\nroad-bed, very slow progress can be made with this work. The timber used in bridge work,\netc., is chiefly hemlock, only one tree of red fir having been seen in that section. The covering generally is of split cedar plank 4 inches thick by 12 feet wide. Cribbed five short pieces\non side hills and around rock points. Laid 270 feet corduroy, 12 feet wide. Made 9 culverts\n2' 6\" by 1' 6\" by 12 feet.\nBuilt 1 bridge   9 feet by 4 feet by 12 feet.\nn     10       .,       5       i.       12    ,,\n\u201e     18       \u201e       4       \u201e       12     \u201e\nM     12      ii      5      ii       12    ii\n,i    12      ii      4      ,i      12    \u201e\n,i    30      \u201e      3      \u201e      12    \u201e\nii     12      \u201e      5      ,.      12    \u201e\nii    15      M      5      \u201e       12    \u201e\nn    60      n      8      ii       12    n      | Two bents across ravine to\nu 15 ii 5 n 12 n j cut off elbow in road.\nn 76 n 8 ii 12 n This bridge is built of hewed\ntimber, 2 bents, stringers 12\" by 14\", covering 12' wide of split cedar\nplank 4\" thick, a floor plank 16' long is laid every 12', so that a handrail may be put on if found necessary, ribbon pieces placed, and well tree-\nnailed.\nI have, etc.,\nWilliam Hassard. 774 Quatsino and Cape Scott Colonization. 1897\nColonization Trail to Rupert Arm.\nHugh Burnet, C. E., Superintendent.\nVictoria, B. C, December 7th, 1895.\nW. S. Gore, Esq.,\nDeputy Commissioner of Lands and Works, Victoria.\nSir,\u2014Idiave the honour to submit the following Report in connection with the construction of the Colonization Road running from Coal Harbour, on the West Arm of Quatsino Sound,\nto'Hardy^Bay, on the north-east coast of this Island, andalso on the Subdivision Surveys for\nthe Scandinavian colonists at Quatsino Sound.\nThe exploratory survey for the road was commenced on the 18th of June, and completed\non the 2nd July. Work was then started on construction at the Coal Harbour terminus, and\nthe location carried on at the same time. Work was continued from this point until July\n25th, when, owing to the non-arrival of the steamer \" Mischief\" with supplies, we were\ncompelled to pack across to Hardy Bay and resume work from there. Two miles and a half\nwere then constructed, which will be passable for a waggon after the bridges are built and a\nfew obstructions removed. About two miles on the Coal Harbour side is in the same condition.\nThe remaining portion, five and a half miles, is little better than a pack-trail.\nThe height of land is reached four miles from Coal Harbour, and I estimate is between\nthree and four hundred feet above sea level, with a gradual descent each way. The road\ncrosses the Quatsino River in Section 2, Township 9, and remains on that side to Hardy Bay,\nOnly five bridges of any consequence will be required ; these will each be about 50 feet span.\nNumerous small bridges, however, will be necessary, but, as the spans are all short, the cost of\nconstruction will be about the same as the ordinary road-bed.\nThe length of the road from water to water is nine and one-quarter miles. It was found\nnecessary, however, to extend it three-quarters of a mile further along the west shore of Hardy\nBay, in order to reach good water and a suitable location for a wharf.\nThe road passes through a very good country most of the way, timbered principally with\nhemlock, balsam, spruce, and cedar, with patches of heavy cedar in places.\nThe soil generally is a clay loam, and I estimate there are about fifteen thousand acres of\nland suitable for settlement within a limit of three miles on each side of the road. The\ncountry generally within these limits is rolling, with occasional small hills, well watered by\nnumerous small streams, and bounded on the west from Quatse Lake to Hardy Bay by a high\nrange of hills, broken by several small valleys.\nA survey for a wharf was made at Hardy Bay, and a sufficient depth of water found\nwithin one hundred feet of high water mark, with a good bottom for pile-driving. Soundings\nwere previously taken over the bar at the entrance to the harbour, and a depth of twenty feet\nat extreme low tide was found, with a rapid increase in depth each way.\nA survey was also made at Coal Harbour, and a sufficient depth of water found within\none hundred and|fifty feet of high water mark.\n**********\nI have, etc.,\nH. Burnet, P.L.S.\nProvincial Secretary's Office,\nVictoria, B.C., July 11th, 1896.\nSir,\u2014I am in receipt of your letter of the 24th ultimo, and am glad to hear that there is\na prospect of more settlers joining the Quatsino Colony. If you can get the required number\nof thirty before the close of the summer you can come under the favourable laws of colonization, which give you the land free; but if the required number cannot be made up you would\nhave to pay the Government price for agricultural land, which would be $5.00 an acre. I\ntrust, however, that you will succeed in getting together the required number.\nThe road to Hardy Bay should now be in progress.\nI am, etc.,\nJames Baker,\nProvincial Secretary.\nChristopher Nordstrom, Esq., Quatsino. 60 Vict. Quatsino and Cape Scott Colonization. 775\nProvincial Secretary's Office,\nVictoria, B.C., 8th December, 1896.\nSir,\u2014Mr. Turner has handed me your letter of November, asking whether the Colony at\nQuatsino may be allowed to hold their lands under the arrangement made with me as Minister\nof Immigration until the required number of thirty colonists has been obtained.\nI would point out that you and your associates have already been given considerable latitude in this respect, but as you state there is a reasonable prospect of more colonists coming\ninto the settlement in a short time, I am willing to extend the term for six months from the\n1st January next.\nI am, etc.,\nJames Baker,\nMinister of Immigration.\nMr.  Chris. Nordstrom, Quatsino.\nReceived, 11th January, 1897.\nTo the Hon. Col. James Baker.\nDear Sir,\u2014We have in meeting assembled on the 28th of December, 1896, concluded to\nwrite to you concerning our situation at present, hoping you will return a favourable answer.\nWe are all so far contented with the location, although as pioneers we have to endure many\nkinds of hardships, as you surely know, therefore we think it would be nothing but right to\nlet us have the land free, the same as the rest of the colonies in the Province. It would\nhardly be necessary to mention the fact that the land is so hard to clear, that people with\nsmall means have all they can do to make a living and doing the required improvements,\nwithout paying for the land; and of course all know that it takes the labouring class to go\ninto the forest to make homes and build up the country, as moneyed men will never do it.\nThere has been little report from Quatsino, so it may be thought lax, but we are not\nashamed to show anyone what has been done so far. Those who came first have good houses,\nsome built of timber, others of logs, valued at least from 150 to 250 dollars, and each one from\none to two acres slashed and partly cleared.\nWe have so far been unsuccessful in getting the required number of settlers, but have\nhad a few families join us during the past summer and fall, and have now 20. We have lately\nreceived quite a number of letters enquiring about the Quatsino Colony, but as it is now\nrunning to the end of time allow us to fill the number of 30, we are now afraid to advise\nanybody to come and get free land, as long as the possibilities are that the Government will\ncharge for it. There are people here now who would not have come if they had thought they\nwould have to pay for the land.\nWe therefore earnestly pray that the time for filling the required number of colonists be\nextended another year as we no doubt will have the required number by that time.\nThe colony at present number 43 people, of whom nine are children of school age. There\nare heads of families here now who hesitate to take their families out here as long as the\npresent uncertainty lasts with regard to the colonists' lands, otherwise we would have enough\nchildren of school age to form a school.\nWe have also in this meeting decided to start a fund for advertising the colony in the\nScandinavian newspapers, and appointed a man to attend to the correspondence and work for\nthe immigration to this place, in case we receive a favourable answer.\nWe suggest that the Government send up a trusted man to investigate matters concerning the colony, if that is thought necessary.\nWe like to get some definite answer so as to be able to go ahead without fear of the\nfuture attitude of the Government towards the colony.\nThis in answer to your favour of , last summer, and your verbal communica\ntion with the undersigned last spring.\nThanking you in the name of the Colony for past favours, and hoping to receive a favourable answer by return mail,\nI remain, etc.,\nH. Bergh,\nSecretary pro. tern. 776 Quatsino and Cape Scott Colonization. 1897\nProvincial Secretary's Office,\nVictoria, B. C, 20th January, 1897.\nDear Sir,\u2014In reply to your letter of no date and no address, received here on the 11th\ninstant, asking for an extension of time for the Norwegian Colony at Quatsino to make up the\nrequired number of settlers to thirty, and stating that there is every probability of the number-\narriving in a short time, I have pleasure in extending the time for the completing of the Colony\nto the 30th June next.\nAt the same time, I must point out to you the necessity of the requisite number of colonists\nbeing forthcoming before any title can be given to the lands you hold.\nYours, etc.,\nJames Baker,\nProvided Secretary.\nH. 0. Bergh, Esq.,\nQuatsino.\nExpenditure in Connection with Quatsino Colony.\nConstruction of road, Fort Rupert to Rupert Arm in 1895-6  (details shown on page\n140 of the Public Accounts) $3,071.34\nContinuation of construction of above road during the present fiscal year ; details as\nfollows :\u2014\nPay lists of labourers $1,430.72\nSuperintendent's salary and expenses       467.76\nTools,  spikes, ifcc         38.02\nFares and freights         25.00\nPetty expenses  6.00\n  1,967.50\nCost of Survey in Rupert District in 1895-6 (details shown on page  147 of\nthe Public Accounts)  2,097.74\nPaid Str. \" Mischief\" trip with supplies for settlers  100.00\nPaid for 50 copies of \" Tacoma Tidende \"  2.50\nTotal  $7,239.08\nThere has been no expenditure in connection with the Cape Scott Colony.\nCAPE SCOTT.\nVictoria, B.C.,  May 6th,  1896.\nTo the Hon. James Baker,\nMinister of Immigration,   Victoria,  B.C.:\nSir,\u2014We, the undersigned intending settlers, who have been at Cape Scott looking for\nland suitable to start a colony on, promise to form a colony of at least 75 settlers in townships\n41, 42, 43 and 44 Rupert District, Vancouver Island, on the terms given page 76 \"Official\nHandbook of Information relating to the Dominion of Canada, January, 1896,\" provided the\nGovernment will build :\u2014\n1. A road from Fisherman's Cove to Sea Otter Cove, with branches to Goose Harbour and\nthe mouth of San Josef River. The latter to be extended along same river to eastern line of\ntownship 41.\n2. A dyke at Goose Harbour to protect the lowlands in township 43 from the tidewater.\n3. Two schools for the colony and provide teachers for same.\nThe work to be carried out this way :\nThe land to be opened for settlement when at least 15 settlere are ready to go and settle\non it, and at least 15 more have signed the agreement (each signature to be accompanied by a\n$50 cheque. This money is to be used for transportation purposes and will be forfeited in\ncase the man do not settle until May 1st, 1897.) 60 Vict. Quatsino and Cape Scott Colonization. 777\n1st year. If at least 30 bona fide settlers are on the land May 1st, 1897, then township\n43 and the western row of sections in township 42 are to be leased to the colony. And work\nis to be commenced on the road at Fisherman's Cove. At least six miles of road is to be built\nduring the summer of 1897 (supposed to be from 1 to 2 main road and to 3 branch road\u2014see\nplot.)\n2nd year. If there s at least 50 bona tide settlers May 1st, 1898, then township 44 and\nthe two western rows of sections in township 41 is to be leased to the colony. During the\nsummer of 1898 the road is to be finished to Sea Otter Cove and Goose Harbour, and the dyke\nat Goose Harbour is to be built.\n3rd year. If there is at least 65 settlers May 1st, 1899, then balance of township 41 is to\nbe leased to the colony. A school is to be erected and teacher provided, and the branch road\nto the mouth of San Josef River built.\n4th year. If there is at least 75 bona fide settlers May 1st, 1900, then balance of township\n42 is to be leased to the colony, a school to be erected and teacher provided, and the road\nalong San Josef River completed.\nThe colony will develop the resources of the country, especially farming and fishing. The\nfarming will be what generally is termed \" mixed farming.\" The fishing will be principally\ndeep sea fishing, halibut and cod.\nWe consider the fishing industry as the part that must carry the colony through the first\nyears until the farm can be able to produce and pay. It is with this in view that we intend\nto start at Fishermen's Cove, which gives shelter for small fishing crafts and is near the fishing\nbanks.\nWe consider the marshy land in township 43 form the backbone of the colony and, therefore, it is we ask the Government to build the dyke for to protect the land, because we have\nlearned by experience and investigation that to start a colony in heavy timbered land, even\nwith the best of soil, is almost an impossibility.\nWe are well aware of the necessity of co-operation for the small farmer and intend, from\nthe start, to have a small steamer or steam schooner of our own to carry the colonists, their\ngoods and provisions into the country, and fish and farm products of the country to the market.\nVery respectfully yours,\nY. Chr. Jensen.\nPeter Thomsen.\nR. Hansen.\nNels C. Nelson.\nProvincial Secretary's Office,\nVictoria, B. C, 6th May, 1896.\nMessrs. Hansen, Jensen, and Others.\nGentlemen,\u2014I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of this date,\nmaking application for you and other associates to come under the terms of settlement for\nColonies, provided by the Government (a copy of which is annexed to this letter), with a view\nto taking up lands in Townships 41, 42, 43, 44 on the north of Vancouver Island, and stating\nthat the Colony purposes to develop the resources of the Island through fishing and agricultural\nindustries.\nIn reply I may state that the Government will agree to the following terms :\u2014\n1. If not less than 30 bona tide settlers are upon the lands as a Colony by the 1st of May,\n1897, the Government will agree to build a road for six miles from Sea Otter Cove towards\nFisherman's Cove, and to employ the Colonists on wages to build it, but not more than an\naverage of $600 per mile shall be expended on the construction of the road.\n2. If not less than seventy-five bona fide settlers are upon the land as a Colony by the 1st\nof May, or on any date between the 1st of May 1897 and the 1st of May 1898, the Government will extend the road from Sea Otter Cove to a central point in the settlement, but not\nmore than an average of $600 per mile shall be expended on the construction of the road.\n3. The land will be open for settlement when 15 settlers are ready to go on, but it must\nbe distinctly understood that unless the Colony reaches the number of thirty bona fide settlers\nby the 1st of May, 1897, each settler will have to pay for his land according to the terms of\nthe Land Act. 778 Quatsino and Cape Scott Colonization. 1897\n4. A bona fide settler shall mean a man in sound health over the age of 18 years, who\nresides upon and improves his allotment of land and builds a house upon it.\n5. Townships 41, 42, 43, 44, will be reserved for settlement by means of colonies.\nI am, etc.,\nJames Baker,\nMinister of Immigration.\nReceived, 20th July, 1896.\nTo the Hon. Col. J. Baker,\nMinister of Immigration, Victoria, B. C.\nDear Sir,\u2014We have now held a couple of meetings in Seattle and Tacoma and organised\na company for colonizing the land around Cape Scott. Mr. R. Hansen is elected president\nand Rev. J. Jensen, of Unumclaw, Wash., secretary-treasurer. Enclosed please find in translation a copy of the rules we have adopted.\nWhile we consider the forest land to be good, we would not dare to start a large colony\nat Cape Scott if it was not for the open grass land in township 43, and we believe that we\nshould try to effect a division of the open land in small tracts in order to induce settlers to\ncome in. Another reason why we think it would be desirable to divide said land is, that it\nwill be of great importance to get a dyke built at Goose Harbour. All the open land is liable\nto be overflowed at high water, and both the open land and the surrounding forest land needs\ndraining. If we could get the dyke built then it would be considerable drier. We believe\nthat if we all help each other the dyke could be built sooner than if a few have to do it. We\ntherefore respectfully ask you to inform us whether the Government would be willing to\ndivide the open grass land in township 43 in ten acre lots, of which each settler shall be\nallowed to take one, provided he will agree to help build a dyke at Goose Harbour. We\nsubmit the followiug plan for carrying out the work, but will gladly receive any suggestions\nyou may give.\nIf on the first of May, 1898, 30 of the ten-acre lots are taken up the work of dyking may\ncommence. If a claimant refuses to do his share towards building the dyke, then his claim\nshall be forfeited.\nAll the unclaimed grass land shall be open for new settlers provided they pay the same\nassessment as those who began the work. This to go to a fund for the maintenance of the\ndyke in the future. Before building the dyke, propositions as to details are to be presented\nto the Minister of Immigration for approval on above named principles.\nWill you inform us whether a settler can take 80 acres to begin with, and then have his\nright to 80 acres more reserved.\nFurther, if you should approve the division of the open grass land into ten-acre lots, how\nmany acres more a man taking one of those lots can take (80 or 120)?\nIf 15 settlers go to take up land about September 1st, will you send surveyors? Or if\nthe same number gets ready to start before December 1st, will you then send surveyors along\nto the colony 1\nWe remain, etc.,\nJ. Jensen,\nSecretary.\nBox 58, Enumclaw, Wash., July 10th, 1896.\nProvisional Rules for Danish Colony at Cape Scott, Vancouver Island, B.C.\nThe Minister of Immigration considers it most convenient for the colonists to form a company, elect a Board of Directors and enact laws. The Board of Directors shall act on behalf\nof the Colony with the Government. The rules are submitted to the Minister of Immigration\nfor approval, and if sanctioned by him they will become as binding for the colonist as the laws\nof the Province. If the Colony is realized the first meeting will be held about April 1, 1897,\nwhen laws will be enacted and Board of Directors elected for the following year.\nIn order to further the work a provisional company is formed, Board of Directors elected\nand the following rules are in force : 60 Vict. Quatsino and Cape Scott Colonization. 779\nThe Board of Directors sets the time for excursions, arranges all concerning these as convenient and cheap as possible ; treats with the Government about such, as in meantime may\noccur and which can serve the welfare of the colony, and sees that a trustworthy man accompanies the land seekers. It shall also draft rules for the colony which shall be introduced at\nthe first meeting to be held of the settlers, about April 1, 1897.\nAnyone wishing to see the land will let the Secretary know so and, at the same time,\nsend to him $1.00 which shall be used to pay for printing, postage, advertising, etc.\nTo avoid misunderstanding in regard to selection of land the following rules are in\nforce: \u2014It is considered as self-evident that the men who have expended time and money in\nseeing the land, shall be permitted to select their land first. Thereafter each one has the right\nto select his land in the order his announcement of joining the colony was made to the Secretary, subject to the following :\u2014That if one does not go along with the first excursion, then all\nthose behind him on the list, but present then, advances ahead of him and takes his place as\nNo. 1 at the next excursion. Unless the announcement to join the colony is accompanied by\n$1.00, no regard will be paid to it.\nA belt of timber along the coast should be reserved, now and in the future as far as the\ncolony goes, at least 20 rods wide.\nEvery one intending to go out and take up land shall, in a bank in Victoria or some other\ncity on the coast, or in manner which proves satisfactory to the Board of Directors, deposit\n$50.00 to a fund, which shall be used for means of communication, a co-operative store, and\nother enterprises for the growth and improvement of the colony. If a man does not take up\nland, then he may draw his money out again, but nobody can get his claim recorded by the\nGovernment if the $50.00 is not paid in. The money cannot be withdrawn before the colony\nis approved by the Government and the depositor received a deed of his land. If a person\nleaves the colony or fails to comply with the requirements of the Government, then he shall\nnot be entitled to his deposit. The money is considered as shares invested in the enterprises,\nwhich shall, as far as possible, pay 5% on the capital invested. This rule shall be incorporated\nin the rules for the colony, and cannot be altered or abolished before the required five years\nhave elapsed. We maintain this as a guarantee that the individual beginners shall not be\nleft in the cold by speculators.\nProvincial Secretary's Office,\nVictoria, B.C.,  20th July,  1896.\nMr. J. Jensen, Box 58,   Enumclaw,\nWashington   Territory.\nSir,\u2014I am in receipt of your letter of the 10th instant, in which you enclose rules drawn\nup for the settlement of a Colony near Cape Scott, in the north of Vancouver Island, and\nasking whether this Government would reserve certain lands in township 43 for the use of the\nColony on condition of the overflowed lands near Goose Harbour being divided into 10-acre\nlots, and one lot to be granted free of charge to each colonist who worked upon a dyke at\nGoose Harbour to its completion in order to reclaim the aforesaid lands, and further you ask\nthat the said land may be reserved for- dyking purposes as aforesaid until the 1st of May, 1898,\nand that if fifteen colonists agree to settle, whether the Government would agree to grant\nthem lands.\nIn reply, I may state that unless the required number of thirty settlers are obtained the\nGovernment cannot enter into any negotiations in the premises, and that the land cannot be\nreserved for the settlement of the Colony longer than to the 1st May, 1897.\nShould the required number of thirty settlers be obtained the Government will be willing\nto plot out the land in 10-acre lots at Goose Harbour, and grant one lot to each settler who\nworks on the dyke to completion, provided that the said dyke is built to the satisfaction of the\nChief Commissioner of Lands and Works.\nThe Government will also be willing to grant to each settler 80 acres in township 43, in\naddition to the 10 acres as a dyking lot, on his complying with the terms of the copy of\nindenture already handed to the representatives of the Colony. The Government has no\nobjection to the rules laid down for the guidance of the Colony, which accompany your letter\nof the 10th instant. I am, etc.,\nJames Baker,\nMinister of Immigration. 780 Quatsino and Cape Scott Colonization. 1897\nTo the Honourable Chief Commissioner of Lands,\nVictoria, B.C.:\nWe expect a party at least of 15 will leave Victoria March 10 for the Danish Colony at\nCape Scott. May we expect a surveyor to go with them as they can hardly do nothing before\nthe land is surveyed.\nHoping you will send me an answer on an early date and oblige,\nYours, etc.,\nJ. Jensen.\nBox 59, Enumclaw, Wash.,\nFeb. 5, 1897.\nVictoria, B.C., Feb. 9th, 1897.\nSir,\u20141 have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 5th instant, re\nDanish Colony at Cape Scott.\nIn reply, I am to inform you that the Government will be prepared to send a surveyor to\nlay out lands for the colonists as early in the season as may be practicable after thirty bona\nfide settlers have located at the place in question.\nI have, etc.,\nW. S. Gore,\nDeputy Commissioner of L. and  W.\nJ. Jensen,\nBox 58, Enumclaw,   Wash.\nVICTORIA, B. C:\nPrinted by Hichard Wodficnden, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty.\n1897.","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/hasType":[{"value":"Legislative proceedings","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/identifier":[{"value":"J110.L5 S7","type":"literal","lang":"en"},{"value":"1897_46_0765_0780","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/isShownAt":[{"value":"10.14288\/1.0063716","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/language":[{"value":"English","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/provider":[{"value":"Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/publisher":[{"value":"Victoria, BC : Government Printer","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/rights":[{"value":"Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/source":[{"value":"Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/title":[{"value":"RETURN To an Order of the House for a full Return of all papers and reports from any person or persons, and correspondence between any member of the Government and any other member of the Government, and between any member of the Government and any other person; also a detailed statement of money expended by the Government in connection with the Quatsino and Cape Scott colonization.","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/type":[{"value":"Text","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/description":[{"value":"","type":"literal","lang":"en"}]}}