{"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.14288\/1.0222197":{"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/terms#identifierAIP":[{"value":"a1a67ca6-6ea5-440a-99a7-6930b7a6e0b0","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/dataProvider":[{"value":"CONTENTdm","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/isReferencedBy":[{"value":"http:\/\/resolve.library.ubc.ca\/cgi-bin\/catsearch?bid=1586131","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/isPartOf":[{"value":"British Columbia Historical Books Collection","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/creator":[{"value":"Langevin, Hector, Sir, 1826-1906","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/issued":[{"value":"2015-05-08","type":"literal","lang":"en"},{"value":"1872","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/description":[{"value":"\"Dictionary of Chinook jargon: p. 161-182. Of Sir Hector Langevin's visit to British Columbia, Sir Sandford Fleming wrote: 'It is chiefly remarkable as the first journey undertaken by a Canadian minister to the newly acquired western province of the Dominion. In the summer of 1871 the Minister of Public Works, visited the Pacific coast on behalf of the Government, with the view of acquiring some information concerning the new province, especially in relation to the Pacific Railway and its western terminus. His duty was to enquire into the requirements of the western province, and personally to ascertain what public works were imperative ...' - Presidential address, p. 127. The fifty-one appendices (p. 56-246) are chiefly composed of correspondence, official memoranda, tables, and extracts from publications.\" -- Lowther, B. J., & Laing, M. (1968). A bibliography of British Columbia: Laying the foundations, 1849-1899. Victoria, BC: University of Victoria, p. 46.
\"Printed by order of Parliament.\" -- Title page.","type":"literal","lang":"en"},{"value":"","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/aggregatedCHO":[{"value":"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/collections\/bcbooks\/items\/1.0222197\/source.json","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/extent":[{"value":"vi, 246 pages : tables ; 25 cm","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/format":[{"value":"application\/pdf","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2009\/08\/skos-reference\/skos.html#note":[{"value":" BRITISH COLUMBIA. \nREPORT \nOF THE \nHON. H. L. LANGEVIN, C.B., \nMINISTER OF PUBLIC WORKS. \nPRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT. \nOTTAWA : \nPRINTED BY I. B. TAYLOR, 29, 31 AND 38, RIDEAU STREET. \n1872. BRITISH COLUMBIA. \nREPORT \nOF THE \nHON. H. L. LANGEVIN, C.B., \nMINISTER OF PUBLIC WORKS. \nPRINTED BY ORDER OF PARLIAMENT. \nOTTAWA : \nPRINTED BY I. B. TAYLOR, 29, 31 AND 38, RIDEAU STREET. \n1872. CONTENTS\nREPORT.\nIntroduction\nClimate\t\nTerritorial Characteristics\t\nAdvantages offered to Settlers\t\nForest Lands and Timber\t\nAuriferous Regions\n\u201e Yield of Gold Mines\t\n,, Ominica Mines\n,, Official Report of Gold Commissioner\t\n,, Exportation of G-old for 10 years\t\nSilver and Copper Mines \nCoal Mines\n,, Anthracite Coal\t\n,, Quantity of Coal exported since 1867 \t\n\u201e Sales at Mines for 10 years\t\nAgricultural Produce\t\nCattle, Horses, Sheep \nFisheries \n\u201e Whaling Grounds ,\n,, Various descriptions of fish found in the Province \nProducts of the Chase\u2014Fur bearing Animals \nBirds and Feathered Tribe\nStone Quarries\nShip-building, and Navigation\nManufactures\nExports \nPopulation \t\nChinese \nIndians\n\nProbable number of\t\nSystem of Government of\t\nThe practicability of making agreements with\nValue of, as Inhabitants\t\nTraining Schools for\t\nTreatment of, Present and Future\t\nCharacter of\t\nProgress towards Civilization of\t\nReserves of Land belonging to\t\nSale of Liquor to\t\nAGE.\n1\n9\n9\nq\n3\n6\n17\nI\n8\n9\n10\n10\n11\n12\n13\n13\n14\n14\n15\n15\n17\n18\n10\n19\n19\n21\n22\n2^\n23\n23\n24\n25\n26\n27\n27\n28\n29\n30\n30 Conveyance of the Mails\nIsland of San Juan\t\nU.S. Capitation Tax\t\nImports and Duties\t\nMiscellaneotis Information\n53\n54\n54\n54 APPENDICES.\nPAGE.\nAppendix A.\u2014Climate :\u2014Memorandum on the Climate of B.C., by the Hon. Chief Justice Begbie 56\n\u201e B.\u2014 do Effect of Climate on Harbours, Snowfall, Temperature, &c.; Vancouver .\nIsland as compared with mainland 58\n\u201e C.\u2014 do Meteorological Observations taken by Captain Moody, at New Westminster, 1862\u00bb 59\n\u201e D.\u2014 do Meteorological Register kept at Fisgard Lighthouse 62\n\u201e E.\u2014 do Prevailing Direction of Wind, 1870-71 63\n\u201e F.\u2014 d\u00bb Extract from \" Colonization Circular,\" 1870, on Climate of B.C 64\nH G.\u2014 do Extract from Mr. Groot's pamphlet on \u201e 67\ni9 . H.\u2014 do Extract from Dr. Chas. Forbes'work on \u201e 69\n* I.\u2014 do Extract from Mr. J. D. Pemberton's work on ,, 74\n\u201e J.\u2014 do Extract and Table from Dr. Rattray's work on ,, 77\n\u201e K.\u2014Timber :\u2014Extract from Mr. J. D. Pemberton's work, referring to the Timber of\nBritish Columbia 82\nM L.\u2014 do Extract from Dr. Rattray's work on British Columbia 84\n\u201e \u00bbM.\u2014Coal :\u2014Coal Mining on Vancouver Island. Letter from Mr. R. Dunsmuir 86\n,, N.\u2014Gold :\u2014Gold Mining at Germansen Creek. Extract from a Letter 88\nO.\u2014 do Ordinance in reference to Gold Mining, of 1867 89\n,, P.\u2014Mineral Lands :\u2014Ordinance relating to Mineral Lands, of 1869 - 108\n\u201e Q. \u2022 - Crown La_tds :\u2014Ordinance in respect to Crown Lands, of 1870 , 118\n\u201e R.\u2014Coal :\u2014Extract from Dr. Rattray's Work, on the Coal of British Columbia. 129\n\u201e S.\u2014Joint Stock Companies :\u2014Ordinance relating to Joint Stock Companies, of 1866 .. 132\n\u201e T.\u2014Produce and Stock Return, extracted from Blue Book of 1870 134\n\u201e U.\u2014Fish':\u2014Extract from Rev. Mr. Brown's Pamphlet on the Fish of British Columbia. 136\n,, V.\u2014Fauna :\u2014^Extract from Dr. Forbes' Work, giving tke-Names of the Animals found in\nthe Province 138\n,, W.\u2014Game:\u2014Extract from Mr. J. D. Pemberton's Work, on the Game of British Columbia 141\n\u201e X.\u2014Movement op Shipping I\u2014Particulars of Vessels entered at British Columbian\nPorts, 1870, and Countries whence arrived. Extracted from Blue Book 144\n\u201e \u201e Particulars of Vessels. cleared at British Columbian Ports, 1870, and Countries to\nwhich departed , ,. 145\n,, ,, Nationality of Vessels entered and clear^H. at British Columbian Ports, 1870 146\n,, \u201e Vessels entered and cleared from and to Ports in the Province for 1870. 147\n,, Y.\u2014Exports :\u2014General Exports from British Columbia for 1870. Extract from Blue Book 148\n\u201e Z.\u2014Population :\u2014Return of Population of British Columbia for 1870. Extracted from\nBlue Book 152\n\u201e AA.\u2014IndcaNs :\u2014Memorandum by Hon. Mr. Trutch, in reference to Treatment of Indians\nby Colonial Government, 1870 153\n\u201e . BB.\u2014 do Letter from his Lordship the Bishop of Miletopolis on the Treatment\nof the Indian Population 159\n\u201e CC.\u2014 do A Dictionary of the Chinook Jargon, or Indian Trade Language, of\nthe North Pacific Coast. Published at Victoria 161\n\u201e DD.\u2014 do Specimen Treaties concluded with Indian Tribes of Vancouver\nIsland 183\n\u201e EE.\u2014- do Memorandum of Treaties made with Indian Tribes for purchase of\ntheir Lands 185\n,, FF.\u2014Lighthouse Staff :\u2014Names, Ages, Salaries, and dates of Appointment of Lighthouse Staff, British Columbia 188\n\u201e GGf\u2014Dredge ;\u2014Memorandum on the Victoria Harbor dredge 189 VI\nAppendix HH.\nII.\na\n\u00bb\u00bb\n!\u00bb\n\u00bb\u00bb\n\u00bb\u00bb\nV\nJ J.\n\u201e KK.\n\u00bb\u00bb LL.-\nMM.\n\u00bb\u00bb\nNN.\n\u00bb>\n00.\n\u00bb\u00bb\nPP.\nIJ\n_QQ.\n>>\nRR.\n\u00bb\u00bb\nss.-\n>>\nTT.-\nITU.\nW.\nWW.\nXX.\nYY.\nPAGE,\n-Steamer Sir James Douglas :\u2014Report by Captain 198\n-Telegraph Line:\u2014Copy of Lease to British Columbia Government of Western\nUnion Telegraph Company's Line in that Province 201\n-Harbour Improvement:\u2014Suggestions made to Colonial Government in 1868 by the\nHonorable Mr. Trutch, in reference to the building of an embankment at James\nBay, Victoria A 204\n-Graving Dock :\u2014Official correspondence in reference to the construction of a\nGraving Dock at Esquimalt 205\n-Coach Road over Rocky Mountains :\u2014Minute by Honorable Mr. Trutch, when\nCommissioner of Lands and Works, on the subject of a through coach road from\nthe Pacific Coast to Canada, comparing the merits of the different passes\nthrough the Rocky Mountains 209\n-Tldes:\u2014Extract from \"Vancouver Island Pilot,\" by Captain Richards, R.N., in\nreference to tides on the ceast of British Columbia \u201e 217\n-Statement of Imports into British Columbia since 1867. Extract from Blue Book 219\n-Taxes, &c. \u2014Schedule of Taxes, Duties, Fees, and other sources of Revenue 220\n-Inland Revenue, including Customs Duties, and Port & Harbor Dues, for ten years 227\n-Excise Ordinance of 1867 228\n-Savings Banks and Course of Exchange :\u2014Extract from Blue Book 234\n-Game Ordinance of 1870 235\n-Title to Vancouver Island :\u2014Copy of Indenture made between Her Majesty\nThe Queen, and the Hudson's Bay Company, on the relinquishment by the\nlatter of their rights on Vancouver Island, 1867 237\n-Oregon Boundary :\u2014Copy of, Treaty between Her Majesty and the United States\nSettlement of the Oregon Boundary, 1846 241\n-Form of Sale of Public Lands in British Columbia 243\n-Magistrates :\u2014List of Stipendiary Magistrates in British Columbia, with date of\nAppointment, Salary, &c \\ 244\n-Joint Stock Companies :\u2014Statement of Joint Stock Companies registered under\nthe Act. and in existence in September, 1871 245\n-Assay Office :\u2014Statement of the cost of establishing the Assay Department of\nBritish Columbia, and remarks by Superintendent 246\n%W\nSSm 1 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nREPORT BY TH\nHON. H. L, LANGEVIN, (IB.,\nMINISTER OF PUBLIC WORKS.\nTo His Excellency the Right Honorable John, Baron Lisg\ntar. of\nfisgar\nind, Knight\nand Baillieborough, in the County of Gavan, Irelai\nGrand Cross of the Most Honorable Order of the Bath, Knight\nGrand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of St. MicJiael and\nSt. George, one of Her Majesty's Most Honorable Privy Coioncil,\nGovernor General of Canada, &c., <&c.\nMay it please Your Excellency:\u2014\nI hare the honor to report that, in accordance with the desire expressed Objects of the\nby the Privy Council, I visited British Columbia, with the view of acquiring\na knowledge of that new Province, in relation to the Pacific Railway and\nmission.\nits western terminus. I was charged at the same time to\n\u201efl\ny the require\nments of that distant Province, and to ascertain personally what public works,\nare necessary for it. To fulfil my mission, it was requisite that I should\nextend my observations to a point beyond that to which the attention of\nthe Minister of Public Works, when he visits the works under the control\nof his department, is ordinarily confined. It is for this reason that this\nreport necessarily includes matters which are not generally found in the\nreports which I have the honor to submit to Your Excellency.\nOn my journey to British Columbia, I travelled from Chicago to San Route.\nFrancisco by the American Pacific Railway, and at San Francisco, I embarked\non the iron steamer \" Prince Alfred,\" of 900 tons, which conveys the Canadian\nmails to Victoria, the Capital of British Columbia.\nDivision of British Columbia.\nThis new Province of Canada is divided into two perfectly, distinct parts\u2014 Division of\nVancouver Island and the main land. They were constituted colonies, the British\nfirst in 1849, and the second in 1858 : they were then united in 1866 under Columbia-\nthe name of British Columbia, and so continued until the 20th July last, at\nwhich date that large and beautiful colony became* one of the Provinces of the\nDominion of Canada.\n10-1 2\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nClimate.\nClimate. The climate of British Columbia varies according to the locality\nwhether this be in the lower parts of the country near the sea and in Vancouver\nIsland, or in the central tracts of the Province, which differ entirely the one\nfrom the other. In the lower parts and on the island the climate is extremely\nagreeable during the summer. The thermometer seldom rises above eighty\ndecrees Fahrenheit, and in winter it seldom falls below fifteen degrees. It\nmay in fact be said of this region, that it possesses the climate of England, but\nwithout its extreme humidity. On the other hand, in the central portion of\nthe Province the drought, the heat and the cold are greater. The heat there\nis sometimes very intense. However, in the region which 1 visited, the\ncattle remain out during the whole year, and it is only when the winter is\nvery severe, that it is found requisite to supplement the nutriment which\nthey continue to find in the open field. As to horses, I was assured that they\ncould find their food out of doors during the whole twelve months of the year.\nI requested the Honorable Chief Justice Begbie, who knows the Province\nMemorandum well, to communicate to me the result of his experience; this he has done in a\nChief Justice memorandum, which I attach with pleasure to this report\/and which will be\nOrnate\u00b0n tlie found in Appendix A. I also refer Your Excellency to Appendix B, which\nis another short memorandum furnished by the officials at Victoria,\nto Appendix C, containing meteorological observations taken at New'\nWestminister, by order of Colonel Moody, of the Royal Engineers; to Appendix D and E, being meteorological observations taken at the mouth of the\nFraser River, and* at the Fisgard lighthouse in the Strait of Fuca;\nto Appendix F, which is an extract from the Colonization Circular issued in\n1870 by Her Majesty's Colonial Land and Emigration Commissioners; to\nAppendix (x, being an extract from a pamphlet by Henry de Groot upon\nBritish Columbia; to Appendix H, being an extract from a pamphlet on\nVancouver Island by Dr. Charles Forbes, published in 1862 ; tb Appendix\nI. being a chapter from Mr. J. Despard Pemberton's work on Vancouver\nIsland and British Columbia, published in 1860; and to Appendix J, being\nan extract from a work on that Province by Dr. Alexander Rattray, published\nin 1862.\nTerritorial Characteristics.\nBritish Columbia contains very extensive tracts of arable land. There is\nalso a vast region fitted for grazing purposes, another covered with fine forests,\nand lastly that part of the country in which gold, silver and coal mining is\ncarried on. The arable land is of two classes\u2014that which is naturally well\nwatered, and that which requires artificial irrigation. I ascertained that this\nartificial irrigation was for the most part not more costly than the clearing of our\nwooded land. The works consist generally of a dyke which retains the waters\nof a lake, or of a river, in' such a way as to form a reservoir. In times of\ndreught once or twice during the summer, this water is allowed to run through\na conduit or ditch which discharges into another ditch dug at the upper part\nof the fields which it is desired to irrigate. From this latter ditch proceed a\nlarge number of trenches, dug at regular distances along the fields, so that\nby allowing the water to remain for from twenty to twenty-four hours, the\nland between the trenches is moistened, and vegetation progresses as rapidly\nas if a grateful shower had watered the fields. I observed this result in several\nplaces, and among others in the interior of Columbia, upon the farms of\nMessrs. Calbreath and Hawks, at an altitude of seventeen hundred feet above\nthe level of the sea. On these farms I saw, adjacent to each other, fields that\nhad been artificially irrigated, and others whieh had not. The former this\nyear yielded forty bushels of wheat~to the acre, while the latter produced but ten.\nTerritory,\nArable land.\nIrrigation. REPORT-\nThe tracts of land adapted for the raising of cattle, horses and sheep, are Lands for\nof wonderful extent, and offer great advantages to those who are desirous of ^oraefand \u00b0*\nturning their attention to that branch of industry. The climate is very favor- sheep.\nable, admitting of the animals living in the open air, and thus diminishing the\ncost of shelter, which is generally only required for sheep, and then- only\nduring exceptional seasons. From the top of Mount Begbie, fifteen miles\nfrom Bridge Creek, on the Cariboo Road, may be seen an immense plain\nmore than one hundred and fifty miles long, and from sixty to eighty\nmiles wide. On the other hand, from Cache Creek to the United States\nfrontier, between the Thompson and Fraser Rivers, there is an immense\nand magnificent tract adapted for cultivation, grazing, &c. In these\nparts the plains and the hills are covered with a herb called bunch grass, \"Bunch grass\"\nwhich possesses highly nutritious qualities, and the importance of which\nhas called forth from one of the editors of the Alta California, of San\nFrancisco, who was travelling in the country last summer, the following\ntribute of appreciation :\u2014\"In winter, he says, this herb (bunch grass) keeps\n\" the cattle in excellent condition, and as in general but little snow ialls,\n\" cattle feed upon it during the whole winter. The snow rarely exceeds from\n\" twelve to fifteen inches in depth. It is from this region of the District of\n\" Okannagan that the beef, with which the Victoria markets are supplied, is\n| obtained. Directly the winter is over the bunch grass grows with great\n\" luxuriance, and I am assured that the nutritive qualities of this bunch grass\nil excel those of the celebrated blue grass and clover of Virginia and Mary- Large herds.\n\" land.\" In Columbia it is no rare thing to find farmers owning from two\nhundred to a thousand head of cattle, and the number must increase,\ndirectly tie works on the Canadian Pacific Railway are commenced\nin Columbia, and still more when the railway is opened; for in\nthe first case the local demand will be largely increased, and subsequently\nby the opening of the road new outlets for trade will be provided for sheep\nand cattle breeders, as well as for farmers for the produce of their land.\nAdvantages for Settlement.\nIt is therefore evident that this country offers considerable advantages to Advantage!\n\u2022 t> \u2014t r t .., , \u00b0 for settlement\nany one who is desirous of cultivating the soil, or or breeding cattle, horses or offered by\nsheep. These advantages are more particularly set forth in a short memo- Columbia.\nrandum, communicated to me by a gentleman of experience, who has resided\nin the Province for a number of years. It is as follows-.\u2014\n\" These advantages are:\u20141st. A mild and not very variable climate.\n2nd. Immense tracts of land for the maintenance of cattle, situated to the\neast of the Cascade Mountains, and producing principally bunch grass. 3rd.\nThe pre-emption right to 320 acres of land, the price of which, one dollar\nan acre, the purchaser may not be called on to pay for many years, and in\nno case until eight years have elapsed. 4th. The pre-emption right to 160 *\n\" acres of land if the settler prefers to establish himself to the west of the\n\" Cascade Mountains. 5th. The existence ot a good system of roads, which\n\" excite the astonishment of every stranger, when the scanty population of\n\" the Province is considered. 6th. Good local markets for farm produce, and\njfj for the increase of herds. 7th. Security against incursions and depredations\nby the Indians. 8th. The protection granted to person and property. 9th.\nt(\na\nn\na\na\na\nImmense\nfisheries.\n\" institutions.\"\nforests\ncontaining\nO\ntimber of all\nkinds.\nti\nLlth. Mines of gold, silver, iron, copper,\nForest Lands and Timber\nThe forest lands of British Columbia are of\noreai\n10th. Inexhaustible\ncoal, &c. 12th. Free\nextent, and are very Forest lands:\nrich. They are not confined to one part of the Province, but are found L\nBRITISH COLUMBIA,\n\u2022\nTimber ex\nported.\nTimber trees.\nWhere found.\nI\nDouglas pine, throughout nearly its whole extent. The Douglas pine is one of the most \u2022\nvaluable trees in Columbia, and is found in great abundance. It yields\nspars from ninety to 100 feet in length, and from twenty to twenty-four\ninches in diameter. The tree is very often from 150 to 175 feet long without\nknots or branches', and of a diameter varying from six to ten feet. I have\nmyself seen several logs from sixty to eighty feet long, and six feet in diameter,\nin Messrs. Moody, Dietz & Nelson's booms at Burrard Inlet. From that\nplace\u2014that is, from the mills belonging to those gentlemen, and to the company\ncalled the \"Hastings Mill Company\"\u2014there were this year exported from\ntwenty to twenty-five million? feet of timber, which must have furnished lading\nfor thirty ships of 1,000 tons. It is a fact that an order for 750,000 feet of\ntimber was this year received from Valparaiso at Burrard Inlet, it having been\nfound impossible to fill the order ab the American Sound, where wood of the\nrequired dimensions could not be found. The order was in course of execution during my visit to Columbia, and the timber so exported was a subject\nof admiration to those who visited Burrard Inlet at that time.\nThe short memorandum Avhich follows was prepared at my request by a\ngentleman who is in a position to give exact information as to the timber of\nthe country.\n'\u2022' The timber trees for which the Province of British Columbia is cMeny\n\" remarkable, are as follows :\u2014Douglas pine, spruce or Menzies fir, yellow .\n\" fir, balsam, hemlock, white pine, yellow pine or Scotch fir, cedar, yellow\n| cypress, arbor vitoe, yew, oak, white maple, arbutus, alder,3dogwood, aspen,\n\" cherry, crab apple, willow, cotton wood.\n\" These trees abound in almost all parts of the Province, and are all of\n\" more or less value. It is impossible to give any exact area or describe the\nexact position. But in a general way, in all the numerous indentations of\n\" the coast of British Columbia and Vancouver Island, the Douglas and Menzies\npine, the cedar, and the maple, may be found in exhaustless quantities. The\n\" coast of British Columbia is wonderfully adapted, from its conformation and\n\" growth of timber, for lumbering, possessing as it does deep and safe harbors,\n\" and unrivalled water power.\n\" The White Pine is a valuable timber for carriage building or furniture,\n\" and is plentiful, but not so generally scattered through the country.\n\" The Maple is universal on the island and coast range.\n\" The Scotch Fir is chiefly found with the willow and Cottonwood on the\n\" bottom lands.\n\" The Cedar abounds in almost all parts of the country. It attains an\n\" enormous growth, and is used for all sorts of purposes, the manufacture of\n% roofing shingles being one of the most important. Its facility for splitting\n\" renders it very valuable to the farmer for fencing purposes.\n\" But the most valuable species is the Douglas fir. It is almost universally\n\" found on the sea coast, and up to the Cascade range. It grows to an enor-\n\" mous size, and is one of the best woods for large spars known. It can be\n\" obtained 150 feet in length free from knots, and has squared forty-five inches\n\" for ninety feet. Its extraordinary size, straightness, and uniform thickness,\n\" its strength and flexibility, the regularity of the grain, the durability of the\nIf timber, and its freeness from knots, places this timber almost beyond coni-\n\" petition.\n% The lumbering trade of British Columbia is carried on entirely on salt\n\" water. The logs are drawn through the woods, by oxen, and rolled into the\nI water on ways constructed for the purpose, and are sawn in the mills situated\n\" at the water's edge, whence they are shipped direct. The timber of British\n| Columbia has been barely tapped J hardly enough has been cut to make an\nI impression on these vast forests. The yearly export amounts to about\n\" $250,000.\na\na\n\"White pine.\nMaple.\nScotch fir.\nCedar.\nDouglas pine.\nLumbering\n% REPORT.\n\" In Vancouver Island coal and wood are used for fuel; oak, pine, and Fuel.\n\" poplar are the woods chiefly in use. On the mainland pine and poplar are\n\" almost exclusively used, at a cost of $2 50 to $3 50 a cord (128 cubic feet)\n\" in the low country, but at the mines wood is very dear\u2014$7 50 a cord.\"\nThe Arbutus mentioned above, is found on the Island of San Juan, and Arbutus.\non the coast of Columbia. It is an evergreen, and sheds its bark in the\nautumn. It is a very hard wood, and is manufactured into mallets, &c.\nFor further information respecting the timber of Columbia, I refer to\nAppendix K., which is an extract from Mr. Pemberton's work on Columbia,\nand to Appendix L., an extract from Dr. Rattray's book.\nFacilities for the Conveyance of Timber.\nHaving enquired what facilities the rivers of Columbia afforded for the Facilities for\ntransportation of timber, I was told in reply :\u2014 *ke transpor-\n'\u2022 Timber'is at present chiefly procured in the vicinity of the harbors, ber>\n\" and towed to the different mills. Little or no wood is just now brought\n\" from the interior.\n\" The Columbia River affords a natural outlet for the the timber gr*ow-\n\" ing on the slopes and hills bordering the Columbia River Valley ; but the\n\" navigation of the Columbia River from the 49th parallel to the sea, is not\n\" open to British subjects as it should be.\n\" The Fraser River may also be made the means of conveyance of the\n\" timber of the immense forests along its upper waters, by the construction\n\"of timber slides at different places.\"\nQuantity of Timber Exported.\nI considered that a statement of the quantity of timber' exported from\nColumbia during the last ten years would be a subject of interest, \u2022 and in\nconsequence, Mr. Hamley, the excellent Collector of Customs at Victoria, has\nfurnished the required statement, with the addition of some remarks which\nare of use to explain it. It is as follows :\u2014\nStatement of the various \"descriptions of Lumber exported from the Statement of\nColony or Province of British Columbia during the ten years ending porte(i during\npast ten years\n31st December, 1870.\nYear.\nPlank.\nShingles.\nLaths and\nPickets.\nSpars.\nNo.\nMiscellaneous^\nValue.\nRough.\nDressed.\n1861\nFeet.\n288,650\n205,600\n322.700\n2,687,460\n2,120,410\n1,271.611\n4,146.000\n15,637,303\n18,814.381\n7,544,073\nFeet.\nM.\nBundles\nor M.\nKnees.\nLogs, &c.\n13 cords.\n1 Flag pole.\n3,416\n2,729\n1862\n3,000\n3,200\n430,194\n267,246\n342,931\n122,000\n696 922\n1,427,126\n2,342,903\n878\n951\n579\n1\n50\n908\n835\n1,035\n841\n6,078\n1863\n\t\n9 885\n1864\n55\n42\n7\n175\n512\n1,433\n200\n43^490\n1865\n1866\n251\n257\n1,424\n8\n790\n832\n80,195\n70,807\n1867\n1868\n1869\n1870\n175 pieces.\n21 cords, )\n92 M piles, j\n420 bundles.\n86,691\n184,135\n252,154\n128f257\nTotals\n, 53,038,188\n5,664,322\n2,424\n3,562\n$862,059\nmm British Columbia.\na\nIn this statement, the exports from 1861 to the end of 1866, are from\n\" the mainland portion of British Columbia only ; from 1867 to 1870, they\n\" are from the TJnited Colony.\n\" In 1861, 1862 and 1863, the exports were solely to the then separate\n\" colony of Vancouver Island.\n\" In 1864, the first lumber was sent beyond the limits of the present\n\" Province, to the Australian Colonies.\n\" In 1870, one of the mills at Burrard Inlet was shut for the greater por-\n\" tion of the year, which accounts for the falling off in the quantity exported.\n| This year (1871), the exports will probably be greater than ever before.\n| British ships carry more than one-half. The remainder is carried\nI principally by Americans.\"\nAuriferous\nlands.\nAuriferous Regions.\nThe auriferous lands of British Columbia do not appear to be confined\nto any single district of that great Province. They extend all along the\nFraser and Thompson Rivers, and are particularly rich in the district of\nCariboo. Then again there are the new gold mines of the district of Ominica in\nthe north of Columbia, which would appear to extend over a very large tract of\ncountry, as they are found along the shores of the Peace and Ominica Rivers,\nof Germansen Creek and of a number of other rivers and streams. Gold\nhas also been found on Vancouver Island, but in small quantity. It is probable that we are but beginning to discover the richness of these mines,\nwhich have not yet been systematically worked.\nCauses of Tardy Development.\nCauses of The first requisite in that region was a geological survey, which by\ntardy develop- giving general information as to the geology of the country, would serve as\na guide to miners and diggers by shewing them at what places they might\nhope to find the precious metal, and in what other spots they were pretty\nsure not to find it. That survey is now being made, and gives promise of the\nhappiest results. In the meantime it is established that from the United\nStates frontier to the 53rd degree of north latitude, and to a width of from\none to two hundred miles, gold is found nearly everywhere ; and the Honorable Mr. Good, in his report for 1869, declares that the yield of the goldmines in 1869 was quite proportionate to the population, and that the exports\n' of gold dust had been ascertained to be $2,417,873, to which amount must be\nadded about $1,000,000 exported by individuals, giving a total of $3,417,873.\nIn the second place, there are required for the working of these mines,\nroads to reach them and capital to carry on the works. The Government\nof Columbia has already done much towards the opening of routes of com-\nmunication, and it is very probable that now that it is no longer burdened\nwith a debt too heavy for the limited population of the Province, it will be\nin a position to facilitate access to these auriterous regions by the opening of\nnew roads and trails. As to capital, that will be forthcoming the moment\neasy access to bhe mines exists, and will follow the opening of the Pacific,\nRailway, which is destined to effect a great change in the aspect not only of\nthat Province, but*of two-thirds of the Confederation.\nOne thing which has retarded the working of the mines of the rich district of Cariboo is the cost of freight from the Lower Fraser to Barkerville.\nNot only are the distances long, and the cost of transport considerable, but\nthe articles so transported are subject to the payment of heavy duties, to meet REPORT.\nthe cost of the Cariboo road, a road which would be a credit to a rich and\nprosperous country. It is desirable that these duties should be repealed, or at\nleast considerably diminished.\nProduce of the Mines.\nTo give Your Excellency an idea of the richness of these mines, I will Produce of the\nhere state what those which I visited produced this summer. The f South mme\u00ab\nWales \" mine at Vanwinckle, twelve miles from Barkerville, which is the extremity of the Cariboo Road, produced during the last three weeks of the\nmonth of August, 328, 215 and 256 ounces of gold respectively. The\n\" Forest Rose\" mine on \"William's Creek, produced in one week 203 ounces,\nand in another 245 ounces. The \" Ballarat \" mine yielded 72 ounces one week, -\nand 95 ounces the following week.\nSome of these mines are at a depth of from 100 to 150 feet under\nground, and the shafts leading to them communicate with galleries, each of\nwhich is more than 200 feet long. The \" Lane and Kurtz\" mine gives\npromise of very great results. It is in the centre of what is balled the\nMeadows; it is in the hands of an American Company, with a capital of\n$500,000. It had been abandoned, although it yielded a large quantity of\ngold ; but the subterranean water came in so rapidly, that the company which\nwas working it was unable to continue its operations for want of means. If\nthe present American Company succeeds in pumping out the water by means\nof the powerful machinery which it has conveyed 600 miles into the interior\nof Columbia, it is certain that numerous companies will be at once established\nat the Meadows, who will follow the example of that company, and will be\nrewarded for their sacrifices by a rich harvest of gold, similar to that which\nwas obtained by the old company, when its operations were stoppecj by\nsubterranean inundation.\nThe Blue Book of 1870, contains the following statements respecting\nthese mines:\u2014\n\" Cariboo:\u2014These mines have been steadily worked during the year, Cariboo.\n\" and with satisfactory results to those employed. Many of the old mining\n| creeks that have been diminishing in importance for the past year or two,\n\" have this year recovered somewhat of their former prosperity, and have\n\" yielded to great advantage.\n\" Ldllouet and Clinton :\u2014The gold mines in this district are principally Lillouet.\n\" worked by Chinese, who are satisfied with small earnings in return for their\nI labor.\n\" Columbia and Kootenay:\u2014This mining district has not come up to Kootenay.\n\" the hopes entertained of it in previous years ; the country has not been\n\" thoroughly prospected, the greater number of the miners having left it,\n\" being tempted by brighter prospects in the newly discovered gold fields of\n\" Ominica, and others having left the country to try their fortunes at new\n\" discoveries in California. Those, however, who remained seem to be con-\n\" tent with what they have realized, and are engaged in carrying on works\n\" of sluicing and tunnelling with vigor.\n\" Hope, Yale, and Lytton :\u2014The gold mining in this district is princi-\n\" pally carried on by Chinese on the banks of the Fraser River, who make\n\" from $1 to $5 a day per man.\n\" The yield of gold for the year has been as follows :\u2014\nCariboo | $1,047,245 00\nLillouet 15,000 00\nColumbia, &c 161,500 00\nYale and Lytton 110,000 00 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\n\"This, however, is only approximate, as it is impossible to arrive at\nfi the quantity of gold carried out of the country in private hands.\"\nPrice of Goods at the Cariboo MiNEi.\nPrice of Goods Before passing on to the gold mines of the district of Ominica, I\nat the Cariboo colder that to show what sacrifices the hardy miners who have opened up\nthe Cariboo district, and who are at the present time at work there, have\nmade, and are still making in order to work the auriferous tracts, it is\nexpedient to insert here a comparative table of the prices of certain articles\nin the district of Cariboo, in 1861 and 1871. It is as follows :\u2014\n1861.\nA Shovel $14 00 \t\nAPick 14 00 \t\nA pound of Flour 2 50 \t\n\u201e Bacon 2 50 \t\n\u201e White Sugar 2 50 \t\nA pair of gum Boots 40 00 \t\n18\n71.\n$1\n50\n3\n00\n0\n20\n0\n60\n0\n35\n9\n00\n2\n00\n8\n00\nA bottle of Brandy 14 00\nA bottle of Champagne 14 00\nA pair of Bocts, half long to knee,\nCaribeomade 36 00 20 00\nA pair of Blankets (four points) Hudson's Bay Company ,. c 35\nFreight per pound 0\nOne Meal 2\nOne ordinary Cooking Stove 350 00 100 00\nOne sheet iron Stove, with six lengths\nofPipe 100 00 25 00\nDaily wages of a Carpenter 16 00 7 00\n00 ...\n... 16 00\n90 ...\n... 0 11\n50 ...\n1 00\nForeman .. 16 00\nWorkman 12 00\nChinaman \t\n6> 00\no\n3\n00\n50\nGold Mines of the District of Ominica.\nGold Mines of The gold mines of the district of Ominica have not been really worked\nthe district of ^j^il this year. They are reached either by steamer from Victoria to Nanaimo,\nOminica. j j j >\nand thence by the River Skeena, or else by the Cariboo Road. A letter from\nOminica, dated 15th August last, states that it was intended to make a\ntrail from Lake Stuart, by means of which provisions and merchandise might\narrive from Yale a month earlier in the spring than they could formerly, which\nwould probably cause that route to be preferred to the River Skeena. At\nthat time there were in the district more than 1,200 persons within a radius\nof about 20 miles As I had not time to visit that remote district, I had\nto derive information from other sources, and I ascertained from persons who\nwere in a position to form the best opinions as to the results of the works in\nthat part of the country, that those results were most satisfactory. Thus,\non Lost Creek, one mine yielded 192 ounces, to be divided among five miners\nin return for one week's labour; and another, that belonging to Ward, Dunleary\nand Co., yielded as much as $500 a man during one week. On Black Jack \/\nREPORT.\nGulch, the yield of the mine, from its first working, was $10 a man per day,\nor $200 for the five miners. On Manson Creek there were about 200 miners,\nwho were making from $5 to $50 a day each. On Slate Creek, fifty men\nwere making from $5 to $20 a day. On Germansen Creek, the amount of\ngold collected during the last week of August, was $10,000. Si\nperiod fresh reports have reached me, and everything tends to the belief\nthat the season has been a productive one ; the district is really rich in gold,\nand promises much. Some hundreds of miners have resolved to winter at\nthe mines, and to carry on their operations during the winter. Others, in\nview of the high price of provisions and merchandise, will come down to\nVictoria, and return in the spring. And judging from the reports which flow\nin from all quarters, and from the numerous miners I myself met on the road,\nwho came from Montana in the United States, and who consider this district\nto be another promised land, it is evident that this spring there will be a large\ninflux of mining population.\nPrice of Goods at the Ominica Mines.\nIt is, however, to be remarked, that in the month of August last, in the Price of Goods\ndistrict of Ominica, all transactions, with but few exceptions, were on a credit h* the^ district\nbasis. There was but little money or gold dust in circulation. Flour was\nof Ominica.\n&y\nselling at from thirty-five to forty cents a pound, and beans for a little more.\nSmoked pork was one dollar a pound, sugar eighty cents a pound, and beef\nfrom twenty-five to thirty cents a pound. Wages were eight dollars a day.\nReport of the Commissioner of Gold Mines.\nSince the foregoing was written, the Commissioner of Gold Mines in that\ndistrict has made a report, of which a copy has been sent to me; it gives\na correct idea of the state of affairs, and I consider it important that it should\n' J.\nnot be omitted. It is as follows :\u2014\n\" Germansen Creek, Ominica,\n\" 23rd October, 1171.\n(C\nI have the honor to report for the information of His Excellency Official Report\nant Governor, that the mines on Germansen Creek have failed to on the Onuni-\nSiR,\nthe Lieutena\nrealize the expectations formed of them in the early part of the season ; and \u00b0* \u2022MmeB-\nat present there are but few companies taking out pay. Several are, however, preparing to test the hills on the upper portion of the creek during the\ncoming winter; and, should they be successful, it is in contemplation to construct large ditches, which will greatly facilitate the working of the benches\nand hills on either side of the creek. \u00ab\n\" I am, however, enabled to report more favorably of Manson River and\nits tributaries, which have, notwithstanding the difficulties attendant on the\nopening of the mines, in many instances, paid the miners handsomely.\n\" Several ditches are now being constructed with a view of conveving\nwater to the benches and hills of Manson River and Slate Creek, where a\nvery considerable amount of gold has already been obtained; and I have no\nhesitation in saying that the diggings, in this portion of the district, are\nsufficiently established to justify the belief that they will afford profitable\nemployment to a large number of men for years to come.\n\" On Manson River, the greater portion of the season has been spent in\nworking the surfaee diggings in the bed of the stream, which have barely paid\nexpenses; but it is now apparent that a deep channel exists, as was the case\nin Williams' Creek, and the most experienced miners in the district are of the\n10-2 10\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\n\" opinion that the channel contains the lode for which they have been search-\n\" ing; and from the prospects obtained by the only two companies who have\n\" succeeded in sinking to the bed rock, it would appear that these opinions\n\" well founded. .\n\" It is difficult to ascertain, with any degree of accuracy, the amount of\n\" gold taken from the Ominica mines, during the present season; but the\n\" returns that have been furnished to me by the foremen of the principal com-\n\" panies, shew a yield of over $300,000, and to this may be fairly added not\n\" less than $100,000 more, taken away in the hands of miners, of which there\n\" is no return, making in all $400,000.\n\" At the request of a number of miners, I have reserved a plot of land,\n\" on the north bank of Manson River, at the mouth of Slate Creek, for a town\n\" site, and have had it marked off into thirty lots; since which, several traders\n\" have built substantial houses and commenced business there.\nt(\n(Signed)\nP. O'Reilly,\nGold Commissioner.\"\nExportation of Gold.\nExporfcatienof I received from the Honorable Mr. Good, the following statement of\nGold. the official exportation of gold. The note at the bottom shews that, to arrive\nat the amount of gold really yielded by the auriferous territory, 33 per cent*\nmust be added.\n| Statement of the Gold shipped from British Columbia by Banks, from\n1862 to 1870, and ap far as can be ascertained for 1871.\nWilli I I \" I HI I I II H I li I i i i I II | i II I i l I | l l i . I i |i . | i. . | i.. hill \u25a0 I I II I II I ' I M II 11!' I I I I i in ii I I ' I Hill\nYear.\nBank\nof British\nN. America,\n(actual ship\nments!\n1862\t\n1863\t\n1884\t\n1865\t\n1866\t\n1867\t\n1868\t\n1869..\t\n1870\t\n1871, to 20th Sept\n58,789\n674,378\n716,381\n546,649\n751,987\n1,144,888\n666,259\n597,245\n, 330,120\n243,595\nBank\nof British Columbia,\n(actual shipments).\n( 502.835 ) Q09 ftoK\nt400,000[ JVZ>Q6\u00b0\n1,428,467\n1,496,986\n798,116\n499,603\n915,288\n495,577\n432,482\n336,926\nWells, Fargo & Co.,\n(actual shipments\n1867, '68, '69 and '70,\nestimated for 1862,\n'63, '64, '65 and '66).\nTotal.\nH 1\n650,000\n302,169\n603,240\n574,769\nt 433,505\n216,160\n198,182\n232,062\n240,115\n[Estimated) 163,271\n\/-> Ti \u2014 )\nO P \u00a3\n5,730,291\n7,316,277\n3,613,573\n1,211,624\n1,376,547\n2,748,088\n2,(il8,404\n1,983,600\n1,860,651\n1,779,729\n1,324,884\n1,002,717\n743,792\n16,650,036\n| This Return is exclusive of gold carried out of the country by miners\n\" themselves, which has always been estimated at one third more in each year.\n\" (Signed) Charles Good,\nColonial Secretarv.\"\nI\nSilv\u00abr & Copper Mines. largely worked\nSilver and Copper Mines.\nThe silver and copper mines of British Columbia have not yet been\nNevertheless*, in the month of September last, I saw very\nIS\nrich specimens from a silver mine near Hope, on the Fraser River, and I was REPORT.\ntold that it was proposed to work that mine on a large scale. On the spot,\nworks of a considerable extent were being carried on ; among o\/thers, a road\nleading from Hope to the mine itself. I am further aware that this silver\nmine is not the only one which exists in the Eraser Valley : and, so soen as\nthe Hope mine shall have been worked and shall have yielded, as is expected,\ngood results, there is no doubt but that other mines situated in the same\nrange of mountains, will likewise be worked.\nCoal Mines.\nThe coal mines of Columbia are very valuable and numerous. The Coal Mines,\nmines of Nanaimo, which yield bituminous coal, are those which, at the\npresent time, are the most worked. They are very easy of access, and vessels\ncan be loaded from them without difficulty. This coal abounds on the eastern\ncoast of Vancouver Island, not only at Nanaimo, but also at Departure\nBay, Bayne's Sound, Isquash and at Moskeemo, near the end of the Island.\nThis coal is, in fact, the only good coal found on the Pacific coast. Mr. Dilke\nhas probably this in his mind when he remarks as follows in his \" Greater\nBritain\":\u2014\n\" The position of the various stores of coal in the Pacific is of extreme JTuture of\nimportance as an index to the future distribution of power in that part of Columbia,\nthe world ; but it is not enough to know where coal is to be found, without\nlooking also to the quantity, quality and cheapness of labour, and facility of\ntransport. In Chin.a and in Borneo there are extensive ' coal fields,' but\nthey lie the ' wrong way' for trade. On the other hand, the California\ncoal at Monte Diablo, San Diego and Monterey lies well, but is bad in\nquality. Tasmania has good coal, but in no great quantity, and the beds\n\" nearest to the coast are formed of inferior anthracite. The three countries\n\" of the Pacific, which must, for a time at least, rise to manufacturing\n\" greatness, are Japan, Vancouver Island and New South Wales ; but which\n\" of these will become wealthiest and most powerful depends mainly on the\n\" amount of coal which they respectively possess, so situated as to be cheaply\n\" raised. The dearness of labour which Vancouver suffers will be removed\n\" by the opening of the Pacific Railroad, but for the present New South\n\" Wales has the cheapest labour, and upon her shores at Newcastle are\n\" abundant stores of coal of good quality for manufacturing purposes,\n\" although for sea use it burns ' dirtily f and too fast.\"\nOn the subject of the coal mines of Columbia, the Blue Book of 1869\ncontains the following :\u2014\n\" Two hundred men are employed in these mines. The yield for 1869 Mines of\n\" was 40,883 tons, of which 19,700 tons were shipped to foreign parts. The Nanaimo.\n\" price of coals at the pit's mouth is 24 shillings (sterling) a ton. The coal\n\" contains 66 per cent, of carbon. The area of the mine is 900,000 square\n% yards. Three pits are worked. The seam is generally 4 feet thick.\"\nThe Blue Book of 1870 adds :\u2014\n\" These mines are progressing favourably, and have been worked to\n% advantage during the year, the yield of coal for exportation having been\n\" about 30,000 tons. Thp price of coal at the pit's mouth is $6 per ton.\n\" The coal contains 66 per cent, of carbon.\"\nA Director of one of these mines told me that the mine produced this\nyear 44,000 tons of coal. This mine, as well as others, would yield much\nmore if our coal was not subject in the United States to a very heavy import\nduty.\nEnglish vessels which are stationed at Esquimalt or which touch at Comparison of\nthese parte, make partial use of the Columbia coal. A trial having been *. ee de8crj\"P*\nvlOHS OI CORi\nmade to test the respective qualities of Douglas, Newcastle ancl Punsmuir *\nj\nMexico\n1,305 8,482'\n\u201e the United States 19,97.0 119,820\n 16,114 96,687\na\ntj\nTotal,\nTons 77,831\n$487,865\nMr. Hamley, adds :\u2014\n\" Before 1867, the Colonies were separate and no account was therefore\n\" kept of the export of coal from Nanaimo at the Custon House of British\nI Columbia. \"Nanaimo coal is universally used in Victoria. A large quantity\n| is consumed by her Majesty's ships and the coasting steamers, and a few\n\" tons are annually sent to the mainland.\"\nTo ascertain correctly what these mines have produced, it is necessary to ?iet\"J$ *^e\nestablish what are the sales effected by the companies working them. The oa ines*\nfollowing statement was furnished to me as correct:\u2014\nAmount of Sales of Coal.\n1861 14,600 tons.\n1862 18,690\n1863 21,394\n1864 28,632\n1865 32,819\n1866 25,115\n1867 31,239.\n1868 44,005\n1869 * i 35,802\n>>\n11\n11\n11\n11\n11\n11\n1870 <... 29,843\na\n1 was further informed that the pi ices of labor, in relation to coal mines, Price of labor,\nare as follows :\u2014\nMiner $3,00 to $4.00 a day\nMechanic 3.75 .,\t\nEngineer 2.00 to 3.50\nBlacksmith 2.00 to 3-25\nLaborer 1.75 to 2.00\nChinese or Indian 1.00 to 1*25\n55\n11\n11\n11\n11\nHaving thus spoken of the arable, grazing, forest and mining lands of\nBritish Columbia, I annex as appendices the following documents : Appendix\nM, letter from the proprietor of the Dunsmuir mine, giving interesting details\non the subject; Appendix N, letter giving important details in relation to the\nmines of the District of Ominica ; Appendix O, law respecting gold mines;\nAppendix P, law respecting \\ mineral lands, other than auriferous lands;\nAppendix Q, the Columbia land law; Appendix P, an extract from Dr. 14\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nAgricultural\nproduce.\nBattray's work on the Columbia coal; Appendix S, the law respecting joinjb\nstock companies.\nAgricultural Produce, &c.\nBesides the produce of the mine, there is agricultural produce, and that\nobtained from cattle breeding, the fisheries and the chase. Wheat, barley,\noats, potatoes, peas, vegetables, and fruits, such as apples, plums, cherried,\n&c, grow and flourish in Columbia. At Cariboo, however, the frequent frosts\ndo not allow of the cultivation of grain; and what little cultivation there is\nthere, is confined to vegetables which do not require a long season to bring\nthem to a degree of maturity at which they can be used. But it would be\nerroneous to suppose, that, in the interior of Columbia, the cultivation of\ngrain cannot be carried on. I saw in the interior, at the mouth of the\nQuesnel Biver, land farmed by a Canadian of the name of Brousseau, and he\nhad a magnificent crop of all sorts of grain. More than- this, at a distance of\nthirteen and a half miles from the Quesnel Biver, towards the interior of\nColumbia, I saw at a level of 2,700 feet above the sea, cabbages, carrots,\nturnips, and potatoes, which would have done credit to any part of Canada\nwhatever. And elsewhere, at almost as great a height, I found fields of wheat,\nbarley, and oats, presenting the finest possible appearance, and in their mute\nlanguage proclaiming that those who believed that Columbia was a land\nof mountains, unfit for cultivation, and destined to prove but a source of\nexpense to the Confederation, had made a great mistake. The fact is, that,\nat Clinton, I was shewn a mill, among others, that this year turned out four\nhundred tons of flour, and the wheat brought to this mill is entirely the produce of the country. There are, I think, eight mills of that description.\nLast year, barley and oats were sold at from two to three cents a pound;\nthis year they are selling at from three to five cents. Wlieat was sold at\nthree cents last year, and this year it is selling at three and three-quarter\ncents a pound. For details respecting agricultural produce, I refer to\nAppendix T, which is an extract from the Blue Book for 1870. It also contains a list of the prices of certain articles of consumption.\nRaising of\ncattle, &c.\nK\nCattle.\nDr. Battray, whom I have already quoted as a man who is generally\nwell informed as to our new Pacific Province, after having spoken of\nVancouver Island as not being highly susceptible of cultivation, exeept in\nits southern parts, adds :\u2014\n\"This colony, however, has British Columbia on her right to fall back\n\" upon to supply her markets, a country in every way adapted, by its climate,\n\" soil* fine pastures, and an abundance of arable land, for agricultural and\n\" pastoral development, and capable of becoming a storehouse of animal and\n\" vegetable prodtice, able to supply, not only this island, but the entire\nPacific.\"\nThe author is right. Columbia not only yields abundance of agricultural\nproduce (and will yield more when the population is greater, and the demand\nincreases), but the country is specially adapted for the raising of cattle, horses,\nand sheep. 1 saw oxen, six years of age\u2014which had never been under any\nshelter other than the vault of heaven \u2014in very good condition, and as\nfat as the finest cattle which are brought to the markets in our Eastern Pro-\nvinces. I do not mean to sav that a prudent; cattle-breeder ought not to\nprovide shelter for his cattle, and ought not to lay in at least one month's,\nforage, in case of accident, a thing he can easily do, for the plain is covered with\nthe suceulent grass of which I have already spoken above. REPORT.\n15\nWhat I have just said in relation to cattle applies equally to horses, with\nthis difference, that the horse finds his food more easily, in^he event of a fall\nof snow, than the ox does. His foot easily penetrates through from ten to\ntwelve inches of snow, and reaches the grass, which, in that country, constitutes his favorite nourishment.\nWith respect to sheep, there is no part of Canada better adapted for raising them than Columbia. They here continue in good condition, fatten\nrapidly, and the breeder finds a ready sale both for the mutton and for the\nwool.\nIt is needless to say that the porcine race is represented here, and multiplies to an astonishing extent. During the fine season they only need the\nroots, fruits, cactus, and herbs, which are so abundant in all parts of Columbia;\nbut, like sheep, they require more care during the winter. The pig, however,\nis an animal for which there is always a market in a mining country like\nColumbia, and which is always sure to bring a fair profit to the breeder.\nFisheries.\nThe fisheries of Columbia are probably .the richest in the world, but they Fisheries.\nhave been but very little work\u00abd. The gold fever draws immigrants towards\nthe auriferous tracts, causing them to neglect what to many of them would\nprove to be a much richer mine,-and one yielding much more certain results\nthan that, to seek which they go so far, and undergo so much labor and fatigue.\nAt the present time things are beginning to wear a different aspect; some\nattention is being turned to the fisheries, without, however, the auriferous\nlands being in consequence neglected; however, the fisheries require fresh\narrivals to develope their full resources. The present population has its ordinary avocations, and' can devote to this new branch of industry but an\nunimportant part of its time. Inferences may be drawn from the fact that\nthere are really only two large fishing establishments : one a salmon fishery\nunder the management of Captain Stamp, who, for the first time, exports\nsalmon in tin boxes ; the other, a whale fishery in the Gulf of Georgia. I\nsaw one of the whalers, the Byzantium, in Deep Bay. She was an English\nbrig, commanded by Captain Calhoun, and on board of her was Captain Boys,\nthe inventor of an explosive ball, which is used in the whale fishery, and\nwhich, on penetrating the marine monster, explodes, and throws out a harpoon. The first whale, against which this projectile was used, was killed in\n1868. In 1869 and 1870, the company made use of a small steam vessel;\nand their success last year induced them to devote to the trade a brig of 179\ntons, manned with twenty hands. Captain Calhoun complained of having to\npay heavy duties on nearly all the articles required for the fishery. This\nobstacle to the success of this branch of industry, will shortly be removed by\nthe substitution of the Canadian tariff for the tariff of British Columbia.\nI was assured that, if that expedition proved a success, there is room in\nour Pacific waters for at least fifty undertakings of a similar character, I\nobserve that, since my return, the whaling schooner Industry* has arrived at\nVictoria with 300 barrels, or about 10,000 gallons of oil, after an absence of\nonly five weeks. One of the whales killed during the expedition was sixty\nfeet long, and would certainly yield nearly seventy barrels of oil.\nOn this subject the Blue Book of 1870 contains the following :\u2014\n\" During the year there were three whaling companies in existence (one\n\" of these has since broken down). Thirty-two whales were killed, yielding\n| 25,800 gallons of oil, worth 50 cents per gallon. There was one vessel with\n\" boats, and there were two stations with boats, employing altogether forty-nine\nf hands. The capital invested in this interest amounted to about $20,000.\"\n\" The dog-fish catch exceeds in importance that of the whales. 50,000 Sl&U^SR\n16\nBEITISH COLUMBIA.\nWhaling companies.\nSalmon.\niv\n!r\\ : ffl\nDifferent\nvarieties of\nfish.\nNo restrictive\nlaws in force.\n\" gallons of dog-fish oil was rendered, worth forty cents per gallon. This\nf branch of industry is steadily progressing.\"\nFrom another source I have obtained the following information respecting 1871.\n\" There are three whaling expeditions now in action in the waters of\n\" British Columbia, viz.:\n\" 1st. The British Columbia Whaling Company, with the \" Kate,\" a\n\" schooner of seventy tons, outlay $15,000. They have already secured\n\" 20,000 gallons; they expect 10,000 more. The value of oil here is 37\n\" cents a gallon. In England it is worth \u00a3$5 a ton of ,252 gallons. This\n\" company have in addition secured already 30,000 gallons of dog-fish oil,\n\" worth 37 cents here per gallon, 55 cents in California, and <\u00a335 a ton in\n\" England.\n\" 2nd. The brig \" Byzantium,\" 179 tons, expenditure $20,000. Their\n\" take for the year is not known.\n\"3rd. Steamer \"Emma\" and scow \"Industry,\" expenditure $10,000\n\" estimated take 15,000 gallons.\n\" This coast is considered by an old whaler from Providence to be one of^\n\" the best fields in the world from whence to start whaling enterprizes.\n\" Particular attention is called to the value and facility of the dog-fish oil\n\" fishery, which is even a more paying undertaking, at present, than the;\n\" whaling.\"\nIn Columbia salmon is most abundant, and constitutes one of the principal sources of wealth in the country. It is sold at a very low price\u2014five\ncents a pound\u2014at Victoria, and constitutes an important part of the food of\nthe Indians. IJhere are five species, a description of which is contained in\nAppendix IT., which is an ext\u00bbact from the Beverend Dr. Brown's pamphlet\non British Columbia.\nDetails respecting the Fisheries.\nAs this branch of industry, the fisheries, was so little developed, I\nobtained from a gentleman who is, from his studies, in a position to give me\ncorrect information on this subject, a memorandum which, though short,gives\nmore details than it was possible for me to obtain from official documents. It\nis as follows:\u2014\n\" In speaking of the fisheries of British Columbia, one may almost be\n\" said to be speaking of something which has no existence. With the exeep-\n\" tion of a small attempt at putting up salmon in tins on the Fraser Biver,\n\" and one or two whaling enterprizes of a few years standing, no attempt\n\" whatever has been made to develope the actually marvellous resources of\n\" this Province in the way of fish. I will, therefore, proceed to give a list of\n\" the fish that are to be found in quantities that would warrant the establish-\n\" ment of fisheries, and then a brief description of the, habits, locality, and\n\" commercial utility of each class of fish, with any remarks that may occur\n\" that would be of interest or value.\n\" Description of fish found in British Columbia and Vancouver Island:\u2014\n| Whale, sturgeon, salmon, oulachan or houlican, cod, herring, halibut, sardine,\n\" anchovy, oysters, haddock, and dog-fish.\n\" There is no law governing fisheries in British Columbia. Fishing is\n\" carried on throughout the year without any restrictions. This state of\n\" things is well suited to a new and thinly populated country. The restric-\nI tions of a close season would be very injurious to the Province at present,\n\" and for many years to come.\n\"It is quite impossible to give even an approximate estimate of the\n\" produce of the fisheries during the last ten years, there being no data from\n\" which it could be computed. Z5SSS&\n.-\nREPORT.\n17\na\n\" There\" is no local law preventing Americans from fishing in our\nwaters.\n\" Wlude.\u2014I am unable to say whether the whales are sperm, or of what \"Whales.\nV J- *\nspecies, but an undertaking, now some three years old, seems from ail\naccounts (it has- been found impossible to obtain any official return from the\ncompany) to have been very successful. That it is a profitable speculation\nthere can be no doubt, or it would have been long ago abandoned; and that\nthe company have no difficulty in obtaining whales is also demonstrated by\nthe amount of oil secured. I have little doubt that if this branch of industry were followed up by men well versed in the requisite knowledge, a\nvast amount of wealth might be added to this Province by whale\nfisheries.\n| The Sturgeon abounds in the rivers and estuaries of British Columbia. Sturgeon.\nThis fish is caught with little or no difficulty. It attains a gigantic size,\nover ,500 lbs. in -weight. The flesh is excellent, both fresh and smoked.\nNo attempt, that I am aware of, has ever been made to put the fish up for\nmarket. Its commercial value is derived from the isinglass and caviare\nwhich are made from it. I am not aware of ther^ having been any attempt\nto manufacture isinglass in this country. Caviare of excellent quality has\nbeen produced. At present I should be inclined to believe that there is no\nperson in the Province capable of making isinglass, which is, therefore,, a\nresource entirely undeveloped as yet.\n-\" Salmon.\u2014The salmon in the waters of British Columbia are excellent Salmon,\nin quality, varied in species, and most abundant. In the rivers which they\npenetrate up to their head waters, they are caught by a drag-net in the deep\nwaters, and by a bag-net in the rapids. In the sea they are generally %\ncaught with hook and line ; a canoe at certain seasons can be filled in a day\nby the latter method. The Fraser Biver salmon is justly famous. It is\nused fresh, salted, pickled, smoked, and kippered, and for export is put up\nsalted in barrels, and fresh in one or two pound tins; the latter practice\nhas only been commenced during the past three years. The article produced is of a most excellent description, and will doubtless prove a source\nof considerable export trade when it becomes known in suitable markets.\nThere would appear to be no limit to the catch of salmon.\n\" Oulachans or Houlicans.\u2014This small fish, something about the size of a Oulachans\nsprat, appears in the rivers of British Columbia and about certain estuaries\non the coast towards the end of April. Their run lasts about three weeks,\nduring which time they may be captured in countless myriads. Eaten fresh\nthey are most delicious, and they are most excellent packed in a salted or\nsmoked form. This fish produces oil abundantly, which is of a pure and\nexcellent quality, and which, as held by some, will eventually supersede\ncod liver eil. This fish is caught with a pole of about ten feet in length,\nalong which are arranged, for five feet at the end, nails like the teeth of a\ncomb, only about an inch and a half apart. The comb is thrust smartly\ninto the water, brought up with a backward sweep of the hands, and is\nrarely found without three or four fish impaled on the nails. I have seen\na canoe filled with them in two hours by a couple of hands.\n\" Cod.\u2014Several species of cod are found in the waters of British Cod.\nColumbia, which are excellent both fresh and cured. It has been often\nasserted, I cannot say with what truth, that the true cod is found on this\nnorth-west coast. That, however, remains to be proved.\n\" Herring.\u2014This fish also abounds during the winter months, and is of Hsrrng.\ngood sound quality. It is largely used in the Province, both fresh and\nSmoked, but nothing has been done in the way of export.\n\" Halibut.\u2014Halibut banks are of frequent recurrence in the inland Halibut,\nwaters of this Province. The fish attain an enormous size, and are caught\n10-3 18\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nSardines.\nAnchow.\nHaddeck\nDog-fish.\nOysters.\na\nC(\nit\na\n<<\na\na\na\nby deep-sea-lines. They are only used in the Province at present. They\nare of first rate quality, and an excellent article of food.\n\" Sardines.\u2014Are always found among herrings. I cannot state if they\nare precisely the fish known to commerce under that designation, or in\nwhat quantity they exist; but they are firm in flesh and excellent in\nflavor.\n\" Anchovy.\u2014This fish is only second to the oulachan or houlican in its\nabundance. During the autumn it abounds in the harbors and inlets, and\nmay be taken with great ease in any quantity. Eaten fresh, they have\nrather a bitter flavor.\n\" Haddock.\u2014This fish, called in the country * mackerel,' to which however it has no resemblance, is a great favorite both fresh and cured. It is\ncaught in the winter months, and when smoked forms a luxurious addition\nto the breakfast table. I am of opinion that a very large trad\u00a9 will be\ndone some day in exporting this fish to the southern ports of America,\nwhere fish is highly valued in a smoked or cured state.\n\" Dog-Fish.\u2014This species of fish can be taken with great facility with a\nline and hook in almost any of the numerous bays and inlets of this\nProvince. TJte oil extracted from them is obtained in abundance, and is\ncommercially of much value. It is produced in moderately large quantities\nby the Indians, and exported.\n\" Oysters.\u2014Are found in all parts of the Province. Though small in their\nnative l)eds, they are finely flavored and of good quality. When, in course\nof timfe, regular beds are formed, and their proper culture is commenced, a\nlarge export will no doubt take place both in a fresh and canned state,\nIhere is a large consumption of oysters in cans on-the Pacific coast.\"\nFurs\nM\nProducts of the (^hase.\nThe products of the chase in Columbia are very various and abundant. Furs, for example, constitute one of the most valuable exports from\nthis Province. I procured the following list of animals, the furs of which\nare obtained for the purposes of trade, the value of iihe fur being set opposite\nto the name of each animal, viz. :\u2014\nEach.\nPanther $2 50\nWildCat j 0 75\nWolf. 2 50\nRedVox 25 00\nFisher 5 00\nMink 2 00\nMartin 5 00 to $10\nBacoon 0 75\nBeaver 1 00 per lb.\nBlack Bear 5 00 to $8\nBrown Bear -7 50\nWolverine 100\nSiffleur 0 50\nMusk Bat 0 25\nLynx 3 00\nCommon Otter 5 00\nSea Otter.., 50 00 to $80\nSquirrel 0 12\nBed Deer (Elk) 0 15 per lb.\nBlaektailed Deer 0 15 \u201e report.\n\/\n\\\n\\\nErmine 0 50\nSeaLion 0 00\nFur Seal 10 00\nMountain Goat 2 00\ndo Sheep 3 00\nAt Cariboo.\nSilver Fox 50 00 to \u00a770\nBlack Fox 100 00\nUntil the year 1860 the fur trade was entirely monopolized by the Fur trade.\nHudson's Bay Company; but since that date the trade has ceased to be\nexclusively in the hands of that Company, and there are now a large number\nof persons who have invested their capital in it. In general, the trade is\ncarried on by coasting vessels, which exchange goods for- peltry. It is\nrather difficult to arrive at a just estimate of the value of the furs exported.\nI was however assured that it amounted to $210,000, in 186*8, and to\n$233,000 in 1869.\n19\nBirds and Animals of Columbia.\nThere are also in British Columbia large numbers of waterfowls, snipe, Birds and\ngeese, swans, pheasants, partridges, prairie chickens, grouse and ducks, without ammais oi\ntaking into account--says one writer\u2014the eagle, sparrow-hawk, mosquito-hawk,\nowl, wood-pecker, humming-bird, king-fisher, swallow, robin, crow, pigeon,\nplover, crane, magpie, thrush, jay and blue-bird.\nIn Appendix V will be found a list of the animals and birds of Vancouver Island, furnished by Dr. Forbes. I add to it, in Appendix W, an\nextract from Mr. Pemberton's work, giving some further details respecting\nthe animals and birds of Columbia.\nStone Quarries.\nAfter having pointed out the principal products of Columbia, I perceive Quarrie\nthat I have omitted to mention the fine stone quarries \u25a0 at Newcastle Island\n(two miles from Nanaimo) in Departure Bay. A sandstone of very\nfine quality is obtained from them. From the upper part of the quarry can\nbe quarried blocks 50 feet long by 8 in diameter. I saw columns 30 feet\nlong, by 4 feet and two inches in diameter, intended for the San Francisco\nMint. The lower part of the quarry, which is very considerable, is composed\nof strata from 6 inches to 4 feet in thickness. The agent of the company,\nwhich is working this quarry, told me that 8,000 tons of this stone would be\nrequired for the San Francisco Mint, and I understood that the stone cost\n$3 a ton on board the vessel ; large blocks however costing double that\nprice.\nShipbuilding and Navigation.\nI now come to the subject of shipbuilding and the navigation of the Ships.\nProvince.\nThe number of vessels built during the last ten years is not considerable.\nIt is a branch of industry which is as yet only in its infancy; but which;\nthrough the opening of the Canadian Pacific Railway, is destined soon to\nassume large proportions. 20\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nIt is however expedient, for statistical purposes, to ascertain that\nnumber, though small. It is as follows :\u2014\nVictoria 1861 ... 3 Steamers ... 5 Schooners1\nii\n1862\n1863\n^864\n1865\n1865\n1 Barge\n. 2 Steamers\nii\nii\n1 Light Ship\nNew Westminster...\nVictoria ' 1866 ... 2 Steamers\n\u201e 1867 ... 1\nSooke 1867 1 Brigantine\nVictoria 1868 2 Schooners\n1869\n1870\nVictoria 1871\nSoda Creek\n1 Steamer\nii\nArrivals\ndepartur\nVessels.\nTotal 9 Steamers 19 Schooners 1 Brigantine\n1 Barge\n1 Light Ship\nand The number of vessels which arrived in the Ports of the New Province,\nes \u00b0f and which sailed from them during the last ten years, is as follows :\u2014\nEntered.\n( Of these a good number were canoes with )\n( freight and passengers for the mines, 'J-\n( wliich did not return j\n1861 .\n. 227\n1862 .\n. 276\n1863 .\n. 243\n1864 .\n. 233\n1865 .\n. 289\n1866 .\n220\n11\n>'\n255\n235\n 219\nPrevious to the Union of British Columbia aftd Vancouver Island in\n1866, the only port of entry then in British Columbia, was New Westminster.\n1867 ...1059 1066\n1868 ... 921 951\n1869 ... 864 896\n1870 ... 814 835\nAfter the Union,, the Ports of Victoria, Nanaimo, New Westminster,\nand Burrard Inlet are included.\nVessels navi- To the foregoing tables we may add a statement of vessels of all sizes\ngating the trading in British Columbia. This table shows the nationality of each class\nwaters of 0p vesseis an(j their tonnage. For this information I am indebted to the\nColumbia. 'l^ff% v \/ Tj. \u2022 <\u2022 n\nGovernment ot Columbia.' It is as tollows :\u2014\nSteamers.\n8 Coasting British.\n5 Inland (River Fraser) 3 only running \u201e\n1 To and from San Francisco \u201e\n1 To and from Puget Sound American.\n2 To and from Portland\t\n* m \/\n17\nShips and Barques.\nr7 from England are generally chartered to carry lumber\u2014-3 by Hudson\nBay Company, and an average of 4 by other British Merchants,\nI REPORT.\nn\n6 from and to San Francisco, are generally chartered to carry lumber\u2014\nAmerican.\n21 to Australia, China, and South America, (in 1870)\u20146 British, 15\nForeign.\n;3 between Honolulu and Victoria\u20141 American, 2 British.\n28 Coasting,\u2014British.\n&j\nSchooners and Sloops,\nTojmage.\n8 Coasting Steamers 1182 tons 83 men\n3 Inland 452\n\u202213\nii\nii\nii\nii\n99\n115\n. GO\n.279\n24\n7 Ships from England in 1870 3868\n6 Traders to and from San Francisco 1320\n21. To Australia, &c 10894\n3 To and from Honolulu 893\nThe 21 vessels mentioned above to | Australia, &c,\" are not regular\ntraders. They are the vessels cleared in 1870.\nIn Appendix X will be found extracts from the Blue Book for 1870,\ncontaining fuller details respecting vessels, their nationality, tonnage, crews,\n&c, &c.\nManufactures.\nThe manufactures of Columbia are few in number; but water power Manufactures,\nbeing abundant, it is certain that so soon as the requirements of the Province\ncall for them, manufactories may be multiplied under advantageous circumstances. I shall treat this subject as I did that of ship building; although\nthese branches of industry are only in their infancy, so to speak, it is well,\nin a statistical point of view, to give the iiiformation which we possess\nrespecting the present condition of things. This information will prove\nuseful -at a later date, for purposes of comparison. The following table is a\nstatement of the manufactories, mills, &c., at the principal places in Columbia,\nin the year 1870.\nHew Westminster.\n3 Saw Mills\u2014can cut 183,000 feet of lumber per day.\n1 Grist mill\u2014can grind 30 barrels per day.\n1 Distillery\u2014distils 300 to 400 gallons per month.\nHope, Tale, and Lytton.\n2 Saw Mills\u2014can cut 7,000 feet of lumber per day.\n5 Flour Mills\u20142 can grind 23 barrels, the others 10 barrels per day each.\nLillouet and Clinton.\n1 Saw and Flour Mill (combined)\u2014can grind 60 barrels of flour per day,\nand cut 12,000 feet of lumber.\n1 Flour Mill on Dog-Creek\u2014can grind 2,000 pounds of wheat per day.\n1 Saw Mill at Lillouet\u2014can cut 5,000 feet of lumber per day.\n1 Saw Mill at Clinton\u2014can cut 2,000 feet of lumber per day.\n1 Flour Mill at Lillouet\u2014can grind 120 sacks in twelve hours.\nKootenay and Columbia.\n1 Saw Mill, waterpower\u2014in process of construction.\n1 Bed Bock Flume\u2014in process of construction.\n\u25a0MMW 94\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nCariboo.\n1 Steam Saw Mill, on William's Creek, 20 horse power\u2014can cut 20,000\nfeet of lumber per day.\n1 Steam Saw Mill, on Ditten Lightning Creek\u2014cam cut 20,000 feet of\nlumber per day.\n. 1 Quartz Mill, on William's Creek, 3 horse power, 4 stamps of 450 lbs.\neach\u2014can crush 4 tons a day. ||\u00a7f\n1 Flour Mill, 20 horse power\u2014can grind 50 barrels of flour per day.\n1 Flour Mill, Soda Creek, watfer power\u2014can grind 40 barrels of flour\nper day.\n1 Saw Mill, Quesnel, water power\u2014can cut 2,500 feet of lumber per day.\n1 Saw Mill.\n1 Iron Foundry.\n2. Sash Factories.\nGas Works.\n4 Breweries.\n2 Distilleries.\n1 Soap Factory.\n2 Tanneries.\n1 Ship Yard.\n2 Lumber Yards.\nNdnw'vmo.\nVictoria.\nExport:\nExports. Before passing on to the population of British Columbia, and after the\nstatement of the produce and manufactories of the Province, I think it is\nexpedient to state that in 1870, the exports amounted to $208,364, exclusive\nof the gold, the amount of which is given above. The details of the exports\nwill be found in Appendix Y.\nPopulation.\nIncrease of\nthe population.\nDisparity\nbetween the\nBexes.\nSubmission to\nthe laws.\nPopulation.\nThe population of British Columbia, was greater some years ago than it\nis now. That was when the gold fever was at its height. According to the\nenumeration made, I think, in the month of March or April 1871, the\npopulation of Columbia was 8,576 whites, 462 negroes, and 1,548 Chinese,\ngiving a total of 10,586, the distribution whereof throughout the territory\nis given in Appendix Z.\nThe total of 10,586 does not include the Indians, of whom I shall speak\nshortly.\nThe white and Chinese population increased by immigration during the\nyear 1871 by from 1,500 to 2,000. This immigration is to be attributed to\nthe discovery of the new gold mines of Peace Biver, district of Ominica; and,\nto judge by appearances, it is likely to continue during the coming season.\nIn this population is observable the usual disproportion between the\ntwo sexes, which was remarked from the first in California*and Australia.\nThus, the number of men is 7,574 and of women'3,012.\nThe population is remarkable for its spirit of order and submission to,\nthe laws. This state of things is to be attributed, in the first place, to the\nfact that the white population is composed in great part of men of education,\nmany of whom have seen better days, and who are consequently less disposed\nthan the majority of ordinary populations, in these distant regions, to avail\nthemselves of every favorable opportunity of violating the law. It is also to f\nREPORT.\nbe attributed to the firm administration of the laws by the \"Chief Justice,\nwhose name alone, at the time of the great immigration during the gold-\ndigging excitement, was 4he terror of delinquents.\nAlthough the magistrates entrusted with the census fulfilled the duty\nconfided to them with care, it is undeniable that in so vast a country as\nColumbia, with such a scattered population, it is hardly possible to take a\ncorrect census. The names of many traders, miners, and fishermen were not\nregistered, and consequently not included in the total number given as the\nresult of the census.\nThe white population of Columbia is intelligent and industrious, and\nmay unhesitatingly be compared with the population of any other part of\nCanada. If the progress of the Province has not been rapid, it is to be\nattributed much less to a want of energy on its part than to other causes.\nOf these causes the paucity of population is perhaps the principal for it has\nbeen found impossible, under existing circumstances, to obtain a considerable\nrevenue, and so to be placed in a position to carry out great undertakings.\nThis small population, however, did not hesitate to submit to great sacrifices\nto open that great highway from Yale to Cariboo, which gave, and still gives,\ncomparatively easy access to the rich mines of the District of Cariboo, and\nwhich, for boldness of enterprise and solidity of construction at many points,\nis worthy cf a great people. Suffice it to add, that this great Cariboo road,\nwhich in many places is cut out of the-mountain side, at a height of from\n600 to 1,000 feet above the Fraser or the Thompson Biver, which run at the\nhase of the precipice, cost nearly a million and a quarter of dollars.\nFomadic\npopulation\nSpirit qf\ne^aterpris\nshown.\nChinese.\nThe Chinese population is regarded with no greater affection in Columbia Chinese,\nthan in California, but is, at any rate, in the former country, not ill treated.\nThe Chinese are an industrious, clean and laborious community. They are\ngenerally miners, working either on their own account or for the whites, or in\nservice as laborers or domestic servants, most frequently in the latter\ncapacity as cooks. Many of them are also, employed, either on their own\naccount or by others, in the transportation of freight from the lower Fraser\nto the mines. They live on little, and make a livelihood even in places\nfrom which the whites have had to emigrate lest they should perish of\nhunger. Those who dread the increasing immigration of the Chinese maintain that they are a population but little to be desired. They forget that\nthe presence of the Chinese has contributed to reduce the price of wages in\nthe mines. A Chinese there receives $3 to $3 50 a day, and a white man\n$5. It is added that the Chinese leave nothing in the country. That is\nstrictly true, if it is said of their dead, the ashes of which are scrupulously\nconveyed bv them to China. But it is certain that the Chinese leave a great\ndeal of money in the country, by their purchases, travelling, &c. During\nmy trip to the Cariboo Mines, T saw a great number of Chinese, who were\ngoing to or returning from them, and in many cases they were travelling in\nstages, and halted like others at the stopping places to take their meals;\nand often, on land as well as on board the steamers, travelled as first class\npassengers.\nIndians.\nThe census of the Indian population has not been made, but it Indians,\nis desirable that it should be so before long. That population is estimated\nat 30,000, 40,000, and even 50,0\u00a70 souls. Persons who are in the best\nposition to judge of the number of these Indians, such as the Catholic and 24\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nTheir\nnumber.\nProtestant missionaries, gave me to understand, however, that that population\nwould not at the present time amount to the highest of those figures. I conclude, therefore, that from 35,000 to 40,000 is probably th.e more exact number.\nHowever, the Hon. Chief Justice Matthew Baillie Begbie appears to think\nthat for some years they have diminished in number. In a memorandum;\nwhich he was obliging enough to prepare for me, the Honorable Judge gives\nmost interesting details respecting the Indian tribes ; and although I was\nable to verify by personal observation a number of the facts which he records,\nI prefer not to state them here myself, but to transcribe his memorandum in\nfull in the body of this Beport itself, in order that the information which I\nhave to offer may be given in as complete a manner as possible. The\nfollowing is his memorandum :\u2014\nIndians found\nin all parts of\nthe Province.\na\na\nProhable numbers of coast\nand interior\nIndians.\n^Memorandum by Chief Justice Begbie.\n\" Indian tribes are found everywhere, all over the Province. The main\ndivisions, in one sense, may be taken to be the .-coast Indians, and'the inland\n\" tribes. On Vancouver Island, I apprehend they are all coast Indians.\nThere are apparently no interior parts fit for settlement by Indians. They\n\"may and do go inland for hunting deer, and lake fishing; but in most parts,\n\" the deer are to be found in sufficient quantity not far from the sea; and the\n\" sea fishing is much superior in quantity and nutritive quality to the lake\n\" fishing. On the mainland the conditions are reversed in great measure.\n\" The upper eountry is far superior for settlement and hunting purposes .to\n\" the coast, and theiarge rivers abound with salmon, which run up to the\n| Bocky Mountains. The lakes also afford abundant food during the season\nU when the salmon are not running, and the wild berries which grow in great\n\" profusion and excellence are (especially the ' service berry') a staple\n% article of food, being dried and stored, for food and trade. \u2022\n\" I cannot judge at all, of my own authority, of the number of the coast\n\" Ludians. To the north of British Columbia, they are said to be in consider-\n\" able numbers. In the parts of the Province, of which I have any per-\n\" sonal knowledge, the Indians are exceedingly sparse, and annually diminish-\ning (this includes all the country east of Fraser Biver). I should guess\u2014\nbut it is a mere guess,\u2014that there are not 5,000 in the vast triangle between\nNew Westminster, Kootenay, and Cariboo\u2014400 miles from- east to\nwest, and 350 miles from North to South. But it is proper to state that\n\" in a recent report to the Bishop of the Diocese (Anglican), the Be v. J. B.\nGood says, (Lytton, 3rd May, 1870): ' I estimate the number of the dis-\n% ' ciples at large [Anglicans, at Lytton] young and old to be at least 2,000,\n\" { Mr. Holmes having under him, in the Yale district, nearly as many more.'\n\" Yale and Lytton are fifty-seven miles apart. The latter attracts probably\n\" Indians from Lillouet, Nichola, and even from the Okanagan. Yale probably\n\" collects Indians on the Fraser Biver for thirty or forty miles downwards.\n\" But at least half of the Fraser \"Biver native population lies below that, and\n\" is probably attracted wholly by the Boman Catholic missions at St. Mary's,\n\" and at New Westminster; and there are two other thriving Roman\n\" Catholic missions, one on the east side of Okanagan Lake, and one to the\n\" north, near William's Lake. I should really think that these four stations\n\" influence! as many disciples, as the two central Anglican stations; but I\n\" should be surprised if the four claimed 4,000 disciples. Mr. Good's whole\n\" report, however, is not before me, and it may not be intended to bear the\nV sense here put. This is nevertheless the idea conveyed in the pamphlet\n\" from which I quote, which states 4,000 Indians under instruction.\n\" Beferring to the continual entries in an old journal of the Hudson's\nSf Bay Company, preserved at Fort Langley, from the foundation, of that first\nCI\na\n(( REPORT.\n2fc\n1 fort On the Lower Fraser Biver, in 1826-7, one would suppose that the\n\" coast Indians, tempted to frequent the Fraser for fishing, or for war, were\nI at least three times as numerous fifty or sixty years ago as they are now.\n\" In the-interior, whole tribal families have disappeared within the last few\n\" years, and it is probable that in certain districts e.g., Lillouet and Okanagan,\nI not one tenth, perhaps even not one twentieth, survive. In 1846, Mr.\n\" A. C. Anderson of the Hudson's Bay Company, advised against the Lillouet-\nJ x J * O\nH Douglas Boute for the Hudson's B.iy'Company's brigades, on account of the\n\u25a0 very great number of Indians they would have to pass through, estimating\nI the number, at and about the Fountains (8 miles from Lillouet), at 4000 to\n1 5000. I have never seen (1858-69) on the greatest occasions at Lillouet\n\" more than 400 or 500\u2014many of whom had come forty or fifty miles\u2014some\n\" 100 miles.\n\u2022' One tribal family of about sixty individuals on Canoe Creek was, in Causes of\n\" 1862 or 1863, entirely destroyed by small-pox, with the exception of a single declmejn\ni t 4-1 -j - At. vjcr-n- -r i jc -v i j population of\nI man. In the same epidemic, the Williams Lake families were reduced Indians.\n\" from 200 to beloAv 100 individuals. Their wars are occasionally equally dell structive. On more than one successful onslaught, everv man has been\n\" killed, and only the unwcunded women and children preserved as slaves\u2014\n\" almost always, every man the victors could reach, was killed. At Comox,\n\" several years ago, on such an occasion, every man, woman and child was\n\" killed, except one woman, who fled to the bush. She was enceinte, and her\n\" child, a son, still survives ; I have seen him. Of course his tribe was ex-\n\" tinguished. They rear small families and the children often die. Accidents\n\" do much in such small adventurous societies ; private quarrels do much ;\n\" whisky and dissipation wear them to an early death, and sap the powers of\njj\u2022 reproduction ; but the great devastators have been their cruel tribal wars,.\n\" and, much worse, small-pox and measles. Vaccination has made a stand to\n\" secure them against the former; but measles are nearly as deadly, and even\n\" vaccination is as severe a malady with them as measles among Europeans.\n\" Eruptive disorders seem to overpower their constitutions. Wars have im-\n| mensely diminished of late ; there are deadly private quarrels; few tribal\n\" war expeditions. Indeed, I don't remember to have known of one.\n\" The habits of the Indians are exceedingly simple ; probably such as The Indians*\n\" are common to almost all societies in a low degree of organization. They system of ,\n\" appear to live very much on the \" village community \" system, as described S\u00b0vernment\u00bb\n\" in \" Mayne s Ancient Law,\" at least as regards land and its produce, and\n\" their fishing giounds. The chiefs owe their pre-eminence partly to birth\n' or family connections, partly to personal attributes and the choice of the\n\" tribal family or tribe. The chiefs appear to acquire their predominance of\n\" wealth by voluntary contributions, or \" benevolences,\" from those who ad-\n| mit their authority, offered sometimes from fear, sometimes from flattery,\n\" sometimes perhaps from motives of attachment. They preserve their influence\n\" by measures of recklessness and severity, or of wisdom, but principally perhaps\nI by the generosity or lavishness with which they re-distribute the wealth\n\"they have acquired; in fact all this part of their polity very much\nI resembles that of the Plantagenet Kings of England.\n\" The houses of the coast Indians are more roomy and substantial, being Dwellings ef\na sort of one story card castle (only firmly fastened), of- axe-hewn lumber, c\u00b0ast Indians.\ndivided into several compartments, of which one is occupied by each family.\n\" In the interior, the houses, or wigwams, are made of skins more or less\n\" dressed, old tent cloths, mats, &c. In severe weather, they take shelter\n\" in underground houses\u2014circular pits, from 20 to 40 feet in diameter, and\n\" 8 or 10 feet deep, covered over with a substantial earthed roof, with a 3\n\" feet circular aperture in the centre, which is the only ingress for the inhabi-\n\".tants and provisions, and the only egress for the inhabitants and the smoke,\n10\u20144\na\na\ni^agnss^ BRITISH CQJiUMBIA.\nI don't believe anything else leaves the cave until it is finally abandoned in\nthe spring. It may be imagined what havoc measles or small-pox will\ncause in such a pit. I do not remember any of these pits nearer the sea\nthan at Hope. I have known at least one Indian, however, (St. Paul, near\nKamloops, died 1867), who lived in a comfortable squared-log house, with\nthree or four rooms, cows, chickens, pigs, and a decent garden; living in\ninfinitely more comfort and pretensions than the officers of the Hudson\nBay Company, in their fort, on the*opposite side \u00a9f the Thompson Biver.\nLike most savages, they possess enormous powers of appetite, and enormous\npowers of abstinence from food.\nIndians' skill\nin boat-build-\ning and man- i{\nEverywhere, a]\nthe Indians have great skill in the manufacture\nand management of canoes\nagement.\nPolygamy.\nThe Indians'\nwant of relig- a\nious notions.\nSlavery.\n<(\nCompacts\nwith Indians; ll\nwhattheyhave u\nbeen and what\nconld be done\nin that direc a\ntion.\nc \u2014\"\u2014 Those on the coast and the lower Fraser are\nperfect models of naval architecture on the wave-line principle. On the\nColumbia, they are built of the bark of the white pine, with the most\nmodern bow, viz. :\u2014on the identical \/principle of \u25a0 Griffith's Patent,' only\nwith a similar projecting snout at the stern.\nx J O\n\" Polygamy prevails among them, as among most non-Christian people,\nlimited only by considerations of finance.\n\" Alone among\"all intelligent savages of whom I have read, (for there\nis no doubt these are very intelligent, and with vast natural power of observation,) they seem to have no religion whatever, nor any idea of any God,\nexcept what has been imported. They have, however, some notion of\nspirits, restricted, I think, almost entirely to spirits of dead men, though\nthere is one much spoken of, ' Shay,' or wind spirit, supposed to haunt a\ncertain point on Harrison Lake. I have never heard of an Indian language\nwhich possessed in its vocabulary a word expressive of an abstract idea. -\n\" Slavery is universally known ; among tribes under European influence\nJ J O x\nit is much retrograding. Slaves were almost all derived from wars : and,\nsince wars have died out, the source of slavery is stopped. They are all\nof course devoted to whiskey, and to gambling. As a logical consequence\nfrom the absence of all indigenous religion, there are no indigenous forms\nof cursing and swearing. The natives have very readily adopted the habit,\nbut they use, to our disgrace, none but English oaths and terms of abuse.\nOf these, of course, they have first learnt, and best remember, the lowest\nand the most obscene. Many of the northern Indians display considerable^\naptitude for carving, and others for handling metals. The astonishing\naccuracy of their eye may. be seen in any canoe, for which they\nnever have a model, nor do they ever ensure accuracy_by a single\nmeasurement.\n\" I am not aware of any treaty having been made with any tribe on\nthe mainland. I believe that some sort of arrangement, as binding in\nhonor as a treaty, has been made at different times, with different tribes in\nVancouver Island. I am not aware that it has been reduced to writing : I\nbelieve it has generally (where it exists) been in the form of a declaration\nof intentions bv the local government.\na\na\na\na\n\" Rese\nvicinity\nrves have been laid out both\nf tribal families, of land res\naware of any thing m the nature\nhere and on the mainland, in the\nrved for their use ; but I am not\nf a treaty. ~No general treaty would be\nTheir anxiety\nabout their reserves of laiid.\npossible, for there are a vast number of tribes, mutually more jealous and\nunintelligible than are the whites to them.\nO\nI They are in that state of powerlessness and respect for the superior\npower, numbers, and acquirements of the governing race, that any arrangements which that race would, consistently with self-respect and humanity,\nthink ] \u25baroper- would readily be adopted by the native.\n\" Their chief anxiety always is about their reserves of land which, perhaps necessarily, have not alwavs been made in accordance with their REPORT.\na\nH wishes. The manner in which they hold and occupy land (village com-\n\" munities frequently occupying and cultivating irregularly detached plots)\nI 0 J xJ CD CD CD x\/ X \/\n\" is. a tenure scarcely intelligible to English notions of property in land at\n\u00ab\/ CD CD X X v\nall; and-they have an affection for particular little bits of land, (which\n\" seems a feeling common to humanity, savage or civilized), which, probably,\n\" is exceedingly inconvenient to a surveyor, and is not always, in our view J\n\" very reasonable. It is, in fact, prejudice.\n\" What woiild probably be most useful for them, and tend to preserve Suggestions\n\"the numbers and improve the position of these very valuable inhabitants offor \u2122.Provh1g\nw the Province, would be to teach them settled habits, and, above all, agricul- incH.ans#\n\" ture. Mr. Duncan, at Metlahkatlah, seems one of the most successful of\n\" all who have attempted this; but he is a man of rare gifts.\n\" I call the Indians very valuable inhabitants, because, 1st\u2014they are Value of In-\n\" admirably adapted for opening up a difficult countrv. Without them, it ^ianf asmhab-\ni \u2022-i .i -i-ii i iv t i \u2022 tocto itants of the\n\" may be said, the country could not have been entered nor supplied m looo- country.\nI 60. Until roads were made, no supplies were taken in except by Indians.\nI 2nd\u2014they are large consumers, in proportion to their means, of customable\n\" articles. 3rd\u2014they are our best tools for obtaining one great product of .\n\" the country\u2014furs.\n\" But these qualities are exactly those which make it very difficult to Difficulty of\n\" civilize them. The Indian admires and desires to acquire our stores of bringing\nt- i i j i r ixi i -j. -a r l -Indians to\n9 knowledge and our means of wealth, and quite appreciates our comlorts, COnform to\n\" both of clothes, and food, and dwellings. But his inborn capacity for habits of\ncivilized\nour\nnnroUiM +h\u00ab ClVHlZe<\nnovelties, tiie v..\nwhites.\n\" enduring hardships, i. e., for enabling him to do without\n\" very qualities which render him so useful as a pioneer or hunter, make him\n\" tire of steady industry, and less influenced by its results. Accordingly,\n\" after years of cultivation, he constantly relapses, for a time at least, into a\n\" pajnted savage, and goes hunting and fishing\u2014or starving\u2014as a relaxation.\n\" These influences will, no doubt, prove to be hereditary, but there is more\n\" hope with the next generation than with this.\n\" It might be possible to establish, under adequate superintendence, small In reference\n\" establishments to which any Indians might have access for one or more A^f. r^,_.\nc \u2022-!, \u2022-!\u2022 i establishment\n\" year or .years, and where, during residence, they might be trained m speak- of training\nv %f 7 7 CD ' v \nBuilding at Victoria.\nThe building in which the post office and custom house at Victoria are\nlocated is a wretched wooden one, entirely unfit for the purposes to REPORT,\n35\nwhich it is devoted. The lot on whjch it is situated is 90 feet by 67, and\nbelongs to the Government. It will be necessary to erect a suitable building,\nproportionate not only to the present, but also to the future requirements of\nthe capital of the Province.\n' Building at New Westminster.\nThe corresponding building at New Westminster is sufficient for the At New West-\nrequirements of that section. It requires some slight repairs, which will minster,\nmake it still more fit for the purposes to which it is applied.\nThe Mint and Assay Office.\nSome years ago a Mint was established at New Westminster. All the The Mint,\nnecessary machinery or apparatus was imported by the Government of\nv %7 I X X *7\nColumbia and put in operation; the total cost being $8,609. Some gold pieces\nwere then coined ; of these I saw two of the denomination of $10, and two of\n$20, each. The establishment was very soon closed, as it was found that it\ndid not pay expenses. The machinery or apparatus is however carefully\npreserved. It appeared to me to be in very good order. It is under the\ncare of Mr. Claudet, who has also charge of the Gold Assaving Office at New Assaying\nWestminster, of which there is a branch at Barkerville in the District umc*'\nof Cariboo. If the mines of Cariboo and of the District of Ominica continue\nto yield as rich results as is expected; and if, as is generally believed,\nthe gold-bearing region on the eastern side of the Rocky Mountains is as\nrich and extensive as it is said to be, the question will arise whether it\nwould not be for the interest of Canada to strike coin instead of allowing all\nthat gold dust to be exported to San Francisco, there to swell the United\nStates currency.\nAppendix YY contains further information in regard to these buildings.\nMarine Hospital.\nThere is no Marine Hospital in Columbia; but one of the conditions of Marine Hos-\nthe Act uniting that Province with Canada, is that there shall be one located Plt&b\n<77 7\nat Victoria. Such an establishment is absolutely necessary. Hitherto, sick\nseamen have been received into the Royal Hospital at Victoria, and into that\nat New Westminster, which are purely local hospitals, intended for the necessities of the inhabitants of Victoria and of New Westminster and their vicinity.\nThe outlay occasioned by the attendance which it is necessary to bestow upon\nsick sailors, is considerable, and should) as soon as possible, cease to be at the\ncost of the Province.\nCourt Houses.\nI visited the principal court-houses of Columbia, and satisfied myself that Courts of\nthey are sufficient for the requirements of the Province. At Victoria, the Justice,\ncourts are held in one of the public buildings, of which I shall shortly speak.\nThe building is partly of brick and partly of wood. Some trifling additions, chargeable to the provincial treasury, will obviate the necessity of a\nnew building for a number of years. At New Westminster and at Nanaimo\nCD v\nthe. buildings used for the same purpose, without being models of architecture,\nare.suflicient for the present, 36\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nJails.\nJails.\nThe Jails of Victoria and New Westminster, as well as the local Jails of\nNanaimo and Yale, appear to have been built with care, the three former of\nwood and that at Yale of stone. These jails, without being, as secure or as\nstrongly built as those in certain other Provinces of the Confederation, do\nnot appear to allow of the escape of the delinquents confined in them more\nfrequently than is the case in the older Provinces. They are managed witk\ncare and economy, and presented, at the time of my visit, an appearance of\nremarkable cleanliness.\nPenitentiary.\nSit3 of the\nPenitentiary\nPenitentiary.\nThere is no Penitentiary in Columbia; but in virtue of the Act for the\nunion of that Province with Canada, the latter took upon herself the erection\nof one. At the present time, prisoners who have been condemned to imprisonment with hard labor are confined in the jails of Victoria and New\nWestminster, and during the day they are chained and employed, at New\nWestminster and its vicinity, in working on the streets and .highways, and\n\u00ab. 7 CD O J 7\nat Victoria in improving the property on which the residence of the Lieutenant\nX CD) x i %\/\nGovernor is situated. At one time it was the practice for them to work\nalso on the streets of Victoria, but public sentiment was opposed to it,\nand has been respected by the Government, which has ceased to employ\nthem in that manner.\nThe accommodation afforded by the present jails is becoming too scanty\neven to contain the prisoners, much more to admit of their being put to any\noccupation within the prison* walls. If prisoners sentenced to more than two\nyears' confinement could, as in the other Provinces, be sent to a penitentiary,\nthe existing jails might suffice for delinquents sentenced to a shorter term of\nimprisonment; and the punishment would be regarded by the convicts, when\nthey were aware that they would be sent to the penitentiary, as more severe,\nand it would, moreover,be possible in such an institution t\u00a9 classify and reform\nthem.\nThe question now is, at what place the penitentiary should be erected.\nFor my part, I have no hesitation in recommending New Westminster as the\nmost suitable site. There is there, at what is called the Camp, some few\nminutes' walk from the centre of the town, and on the bank of the Fraser\nRiver\na considerable piece of land, which is public property, and which\nis, in my opinion, the most desirable site. Prisoners from Victoria might\neasily, and in a few hours, be conveyed thither by steamer, and those from\nthe mainland could be brought from the interior, by the Cariboo road, as far\nas Yale, and thence by steamer to New Westminster. Should the land on\nthat side of the Fraser not be sufficient, there is, on the other side of the\nriver, immediately opposite, another very large reserve, which might be\nutilized for convict labor.\nLegislative\nBuilding.\nLegislative Building.\nThe Legislative building, though not a palace, is a very good edifice of\nbrick and wood, sufficient for the requirements of the local Legislature. It\nis situated at Victoria, close to the centre of business ; and upon the same\nlot of land, which is about seven acres in extent, are the buildings for the\nuse of the law courts, and for the offices of the Lieutenant-Governor and the\npublic departments of the Province. All these buildings and this land are\nevidently necessary for the Government and Legislature of Columbia, and an\nQrcjer in Council should hereafter, in conformity with the Act of Confedera- REPORT.\n37\ntion, formally appropriate them for those purposes, similar action being also\ntaken in respect to court-houses and jails.\nGovernors' Residences.\nThere are two Governor's residences in Columbia, that at Victoria and Governora*\nthat at New Westminster. This is to be attributed to the fact that, at no very Residenoes.\nremote period, the present Province constituted two distinct colonies, with\nseparate governments. Those two colonies having been merged some time\nprevious to Confederation, into the existing Province of British Columbia,\nthe seat of government of the new Province was fixed at Victoria, and the\npleasant residence at New Westminster, which, through the splendid hospitality of certain Governors, had become highly popular, was abandoned and\nplaced in charge of a keeper, William Loudon, who receives for his services\n$40 a month.\nThis residence at New Westminster is of wood, and is in tolerably good Residence\norder. It might be utilized, as well as other wooden buildings which are in at New^\nthe vicinity, as a residence for the Director of Penitentiaries, if the penal Westminster,\ninstitution be erected at the Camp, which adjoins this property. The building contains most of the furniture used by the last Governor of the colony.\nThe remainder was removed to Victoria when the seat of government of\nthe new Province was fixed there.\nThe official residence of the present Lieutenant-Governor of British Residence\nColumbia is situated on an elevated site, in the immediate vicinity of Victoria. a* Victoria.\nThe edifice, which is spacious, is built partly of stone and partly of wood.\nIt is in a tolerable state of repair, and is surrounded by large and beautiful\ngardens, the land attached to it being rather more than twenty-seven acres\nin extent. There is a ground-rent of ten pounds sterling on the property.\nThe furniture in use by the last Governor of Columbia before Confederation\nremained in the residence, which was not, at the time of my departure\nfrom Columbia, occupied by His Honor the Lieuten:int-Govemor; it will,\nhowever, doubtless be so before long. The site, although the prospect is\nvery fine, was not selected with a view to the present position of affairs.\nHie upper portion of itis a rock, almost barren, upon which earthhasbeen carted,\nwhich does not, however, everywhere conceal its arid nature. There is no\n7 7 %\/\nwater, which has therefore to be brought from considerable distances. Thus,\nthe outlay of a Lieutenant-Governor there would necessarily be very\nlarge. This consideration was evidentlv not taken into account at the\nCD v\ntime when the Governor of the country had a high salary. Now that the salary\nJ CD v m\nonly amounts to $7,000, it follows that to enable the Lieutenant-Governor\nto reside there, he'must be provided with a house easily supplied with water\nand fuel, and I have reason to believe that public opinion in Columbia tends\nin this direction. This property, like the others which I have already\nmentioned, should be transferred by Order in Council.\nTelegraph Lines.\nBy the Act completing the union of Columbia with Canada, the telegraph Telegraph\nlines of that Province became the property of the Dominion, and are a charge lines,\nupon it. These telegraph lines extend from Swinomish, in Washington\nTerritory (United States) to Barkerville, at the extremity of the Cariboo\nRoad. There is, besides, a branch from Matsqui to Burrard Inlet vid New\nWestminster, in addition to a telegraphic right of way over the line\nbelonging to the Western Union Telegraph Company, from Swinomish to Victoria, which comprises two submarine cables. This line of\ntelegraph is 569 miles long, in addition to the submarine portion, which is\nt^isiii^ ii BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nTitle.\nCost of Maintenance and\nRevenue.\na mile and a quarter in length; it originally cost $170,000. Besides this,\nline, there is that from the mouth of the Quesnel to the \u00a7fabine, but the\nand is abandoned.\nhas not been kept up\nThe\ntitle.\nin virtue of which the Government of British Columbia held\nthis line of telegraph, constitutes Appendix 11, of this Report\nThis line of telegraph, nearly the whole of which I saw, appeared to me\nto be generally in good condition, only standing in need of ordinary current\nrepairs; the instruments and batteries are good; the wire is No. 9 galvanized.\nYour Excellency will observe by the title in Appendix I.I. that the line\nis' under our control in virtue of a lease for 999 years, to which the Government may put an end by giving a month's notice. The telegraph line is a\ncharge upon the Government, which has to maintain in a good state of repair,\nand at its own expense, the portion under water; and in consideration of this, all messages between Victoria aud Swinomish are to be transmitted by the Western Union Company without charge.\nThe cost of the maintenance of this line from the 1st January, 1871, to\nthe 1 st July i follow ing, including salaries of superintendents, travelling\nexpenses, wages of operators, and cost of repairs to the cables, was $5,287,\nmaking the total for the year $10,574.\nOn the other hand, the revenue during the same period was only $2,394,\nor $4,788 for the whole year. But the line*to Barkerville having been\nopened only on the 15th July, and the receipts at that office up to the 25th\nAugust having been $258, there is reason to believe that the revenue from\nthe line will be considerably increased, while the additional expense will\nhardly be more than $600. So that I conclude that the expenditure will\nbe about $11,250 a year, and the revenue about $6,000. The revenue will,\ntherefore, have to be supplemented by a vote of from $5,000 to $6,000,\nuntil such time as^the revenue, in consequence of the opening up and peopling\nof the land, shall have increased.\nTARIFF.\nTariff.\nThe tariff now in force on the line is as follows:\nTariff of the Telegraph Line of Columbia.\nLytton\nSpence's Bridge\nClinton\t\n83-Mile Honse\nSoda Creek...\nQuesnel\t\nBarkeryille\nSehome\t\nMatsqui\t\nNew Westminster\nBurrard Inlet.\nChilukweyuk .\nHope\t\nYale\t\nc3\n\u2022 r-l\n\nxn\n>\n1\n1\nl-J.\n\\v\nll\n50\n\u202250\n\u202250\n\"75\n\u202250\n\u25a075\nlio j\n001 \u2022\n\u25a02o|l\n'2511'\n\u25a025|r\n5oi r\n5o|r\n0012\n\u202250\n\u25a050\n\u202250\n\"50\n\u202250\n00\n00\n50\n50\n^\n4-3\nCO\n4*\nhH1\n1 $\no\n\u202250\n\"lb\n\u202275\n\u202275\n00\n50!1\n001.501\n\u202250|\n\u25a050!\n\u202250\nov\n\"50\n\u25a075\n\u25a075\n\u25a075\n\u25a000\n\u202250\n\u202250\no\n&H\n10\n1\nfca\n\u00ab\nr&\nm\n0\n\u00a3h\nQ\nM\nffS\n*T<\nIB\nHH\nCD\no\ni\nSt\n\u2022 iH\nH\no\nW\ne3 1\ne\n5\nCO\n00\nO\n75\n00\n00\n25\n25\n25\n00\n50\n50\n\u25a050|\n\u25a050\n\u202250\n\u202275\n\u202275\n'75 '\n001\n50\n50\n\u25a0bU\\\n\u202250}\n\u202275!\n\u202275'\n\u202275\n00\n50\n50\n50\n75\n'75\n\u25a075\n.00\n\u25a050\n50\nou\n'50\n'75\n00\n50\n\u25a075\n\u25a000,\n50\nrooli-ooi\n50|l-00jl- 0011 -00! -75,\n5011-2511-25 1-00 1-00\n4)\n'75 REPORT.\n39\nStaff.\nThe following is a statement of the names of the telegraph operators, Telegraph\nand of their respective stations. I add to the list their ages, salaries Operator*.\nand date of appointment, and I point out whether they are operators\nonly, or whether it is their duty at the same time to see to the repairs of the\nline.\nStations.\nfames of Operators. Ages.\nVictoria\t\nSehpme W. T..\nMatsOui\t\nNew Westminster\nBurrard Inlet\t\nChilukweyuk\t\nHope\t\nYale\t\nLytton\t\nSpence's Bridge..\nClinton\t\n83 Mile House ...\nSoda Cr*\nQuesnel.\nBarkerville\nF. H. Lamb, Supi\nW. Larman\t\nJohn Maclure.\t\nGeo. B. Murray...\nMonthly\nSalary.\nDate of\nAppointment.\nRemarks.\neic\nC. M; Chambers .\nJn@. McCutcheon.\nJ. C. Wirth\t\nJohn Nicholles\t\nT. R Buie\t\nJno. Murray\t\nJ. L. S. Hughes...\nMurdo Boss\t\nHenry Yeates\t\nA. Barlow\t\nJ. B. Leiffhton\t\n29\n39\n40\nno\nOO\n31\n29\n50\n17\n6o\n44\n31\n39\n35\n20\n$100\n65\n90\n30\nnil.\n40\n30\n40\nniL\nnil.\n25\n40\n80\n30\n80\n1st June 1870.\n1st\n1st\n1st\n1st\n1st\n1st\n1st\n1st\n1st\n1st\n1st\n1st\n1st\n1st\nSept.\nAug.\nSept.\nJune\nSept.\nSept.\n3>\nJ>\n55\n55\n35\nJbeb.\nSept\n1871.\n1870.\nApril 1871.\nOct. 1870.\nOct. \u201e\nOct. \u201e\nMay 1871.\nJune\nperator &repairer\n53\n33\n35\n5s\n53\n55\n53\n55\n55\n55\n\u20225\n55\nS3\n53\nS3\n33\nS3\nThe operators at Burrard Inlet, Lytton, and Spence's Bridge do not appear\nin this list as receiving any salary, and the following is the reason:\u2014\nThe branch from New Westminister to Burrard Inlet, was built by\nMessrs. Moody and Co., for their use, the Western Union Company furnishing\nthe materials and Messrs. Moody and Co. paying the cost of construction.\nv X %> CD\nThat arrangement was then made, it would appear, because the other establishments engaged in the lumber business refused to contribute their share.\nMessrs. Moody and Co. pay the operator and have, I am told, a right\nto send their despatches over that branch without paying, the line nevertheless\nJL J- v *>7\nbelonging to the Government. I am satisfied that arrangements might easily\nO O CD CD J\nbe made with that respectable firm* for placing this part of the telegraphic\nsystem on the same footing as the principal line.\nThe operator at Lytton has the right of sending his own messages\nwithout charge, in consideration of which he performs the duties of operator\nwithout salary.\nThe operator at Spence's Bridge performs the duty, it would appear, as a\nrelaxation and receives no pay.\nMr. Lamb, the superintendent is an American citizen. He is an able Superinten-\nand very efficient officer, and has had great experience in telegraphy. He dent of the\nalso acts as the superintendent of the American line from Victoria to Portland, tel*SraPn-\nWashington Territory, and under an understanding with that company he\ndivides his time and his services between that section of their line and the\ntelegraph belonging to British Columbia, receiving $100 a month for each of\nthose lines.\nMr. Lamb's services are valuable, not only on account of his experience\nin the superintendence of a telegraph line, but also, and more especially, on\naccount of his practical knowledge of the locality and of the met hod of constructing and repairing' that line of telegraph. It would be desirable, however, that the time and services of the existing superintendent, or of an\nequally competent person should be exclusively devoted to our line; but in 40\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nthat case, if I am to rely upon the information which I received, the whole\nsalary would have to be insured to the person employed, that is to say $200 a\nmonth.\nMaintenance and Repairs.\nMaintenance The telegraph line is at the present time kept in a good state of repair\nSJgraphKn? ^ Mr* Lamb under tne provisional direction of the local department of Lands\n' ' and Works. The local Government allows Mr. Lamb the assistance of its\nofficers and employes to maintain and repair the line ; and this is the more\neasy from the fact that the telegraph line, throughout nearly its whole extent\nfollows the course of the great Cariboo road.\nI was informed in Columbia that it had been the intention to insert, in\nany new contract for the conveyance of the mails between Yale and Cariboo,\na condition providing for the gratuitous conveyance of persons charged with the\nduty of repairing the line; and in that case, all telegraphic despatches necessary\nfor the postal service, and required by post office officials in connection with\nthat service, would have been transmitted free of charge.\nNew telegraph The opening of a telegraph office at Cache Creek is suggested. Such an\noffice. office would be very useful for the maintenance and repair of the line, and\nwould serve the already considerable and growing establishments on the east\nand south-west in the direction of Kamloops, the Thompson River, the\nOkanagan Valley ral J. Conroy, R. E.\nR. M. Parsons,\nCaptain, R. E.\nMemo. :\u2014The meteorological observatory at the camp, New West-*\nmonster, was discontinued in 1866 for lack of funds.\nJ. W. T. APPENDIX.\n67\nAPPENDIX G.\nEXTRACT FROM PAMPHLET BY HENRY DE GROOT,\nPublished in 1859.\nThe climate of the Pacific coast, as is well known, is no where so severe Climate,\nin the same parallel of latitude, as that of the Atlantic, the difference varying\nfrom fifteen to twenty degrees, that is, we have to go some 1,200 miles further\nsouth on the Atlantic side of the continent, to find a mean winter temperature\ncorresponding to that on the Pacific side. And though the climate of British\nColumbia forms no exception to this rule, it is somewhat varied, certain\nbelts of country being warm and dry, while others are moist and of a more\nv CD v 7\nequable temperature. Thus we have a district extending from the mouth of\nthe Fraser River inland, about 150 miles, characterized by a humid climate,\nand in which the thermometer of Fahrenheit rarely falls below ten or rises\nabove ninety degrees in the course of the year.\nV O %7\nThroughout this region rain is abundant during the spring. During Rain fall,\nsummer and autumn, falling not only in frequent showers, but continuing\nsometimes for several days together.\nSnow also falls here in the winter from one to two feet, often more in Snow fall,\nthe northern part of the district, though hardly so much near the sea.\nIt is not\u00abapt to lie more than a week or two at a time, it then melting\nand the ground remaining bare for a like interval, to be again succeeded by\nanother fall, and so on throughout the winter, which generally breaks up in\nthe early part of March. The damp and cloudy weather here prevalent\nduring the summer prevents the heat reaching so high a point as further in\nthe interior.\nWhen the atmosphere is clear heavy dews fall at night, and fogs at all Dews and\nseasons of the year are common. Togs.\nBeyond this wet section of country, the northern limits of which cross\nthe Lillouet route in the vicinity of Anderson's Lake, and the Fraser\n*7 7\nbetween the Upper Canon and the Forks, lies a district of about equal breadth\ncharacterized by greater heat and aridity, and which though situate further\nnorth, and generally more elevated, is scarcely any colder in the winter, and\nhas even less snow than the country further south along the. lower*Fraser.\nNorth of this, again, is another belt having a more humid climate,\nshowers being frequent in the summer, and fche winters somewhat more\nrigorous.\nTaken altogether then, the climate of British Columbia, though subject\nto much fluctuation, and varying with locality, cannot be considered one of\n7 \u00ab\/ CD v *\ngreat severity : neither the heat of summer nor the cold of winter reaching\nCD \u2022\/ J CD\nsuch extremes as in Canada, or the Northern States of the Union.\nAs evidence on this point, it may be stated that the snow along the\nvalleys ef the Upper Fraser and its tributaries, rarely ever exceeds eighteen\ninches in depth, and for the most part does not even reach six inches,\nwhile a great portion of the time there is none at all on the ground during\nwinter.\nThe larger lakes neverA freeze over, nor do the Fraser or other large\nstreams ever close entirely up.\nStock is able to subsist on the bunch grass throughout the winter, anc[ Food of Catt,le\nr\nWBEWMBmSigMBBBB 68\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\neven work animals keep in tolerable condition on the rushes that grow in the\nbottoms without other feed.\nOn the divides and more elevated places, the depth of snow as well\nas the degree of cold, depends of course on the height of the locality;\nthe traveller encountering snow in sonie places he may have to pass, twice as\ndeep as that found in the valleys.\nClimate of the There was no snow or frost of any consequence on the Upper Fraser\nUpper Fraser. river last year, until about the first of December, when the weather suddenly\nbecame cold, the snow failing to a depth of five or six inches, and even a\nfoot, on the lower part of the river.\nThe smaller streams and the ditches at the same time became covered\nwith ice, and the ground froze to the depth of several inches, interfering\nseriously with, and for the most part putting a stop to, mining operations.\nThis wester after continuing for two or three weeks, moderated, and\nfor the next five weeks, but little snow fell, while the thermometer in two or\nthree instances only, went below twenty degrees, fluctuating between that\npoint and forty-five degrees.\nAfter this mild period came another spell of cold and varying weather,\nwhich held for three or four weeks, when the snow and ice mostly disappeared,\nand the Indians leaving their winter houses, declared that season at an end.\nThe miners also get to work in their; claims, and have not since been%\ninterrupted.\nThis was early in the month of March, since which time the weather has\nbeen constantly growing warmer, the thermometer having fallen, but a few\ntimes below the freezing point.\nDuring March the weather was showery, with some slight frosts and falls\nof snow in the early part of the month. Much the same kind of climate as\nabove described, prevails throughout the regions lying between, and bordering\non the Kamloops and Great Okanagan Lakes, as well as the extensive districts\nto the north and east. APPBNIUX.\n69\nAPPENDIX H.\nEXTRACT FROM PAMPHLET BY DR. CHARLES FORBES,\nM.R.C.S. ENGLAND, SURGEON ROYAL NAYY.\nPublished by the Colonial Government, Vancouver Island, 1862.\nThe following meteorological observations having reference to the tables Causes of dif-\nappended, will show the character of the seasons which have prevailed on the ference \u00b0f cli-\n*\u25a0\u25a0* ** *mfi i ft\ncoast generally, for the last fifteen years, and will further elucidate the subject\nby pointing out the causes of the difference observable between the littoral\nand inland insular climates.\nOn the western side of the North American Continent, the summer\nheats are modified by the boreal currents and melting snows of the watersheds,\nwhife the severity of winter is not irwsteased by a sweeping Arctic current\nsuch as washes the eastern shores.\nArctic currents do sweep down, however, and in summer are felt far\nsouth, below the latitude of San Francisco, but, more diffused, they do not\nlower the temperature in a corresponding degree, and the coast, open to the\nwarm rays of the western sun, and the moist westerly winds, presents to\nequal latitudes on the eastern side, very unequal isothermal conditions.\nA more extended series of observations is needed, before any general\ndeductions can be made whereby to recognize the existence of any cycle, or\npredicate the possible recurrence of any particular season.\nEnough, however, is known to give the general character already\nassigned to the climate of Vancouver, viz.:\u2014a dry, warm summer, a bright\nand beautiful autumn, an open, wet winter, and spring. Severe and exceptional seasons occurring at irregular intervals.\nThe winter of 1846 was remarkably severe, the cold setting in on the Winters.\n5th of January, and continuing with severity until the middle of March,\nduring which time the Columbia River was frozen, the thermometer ranging\nfive degrees below zero.\n1847.\u2014Very mild throughout.\nv CD\n1848.\u2014The cold weather began on the 17th December, the Columbia\n'Itiver froze over, but the ice broke up before New Year's Day, the river\n7 X V '\nremaining open.\n1849.\u2014The cold weather set in on the 27th November, when the moon\nwas at full; clear days and sharp frosty nights continued till the 10th December,\nwhen the Celumbia was covered with floating ice, and snow began to fall\nheavily.\nThis continued till the 18th (seven inches of snow on the ground), when\nit became mild, with S.E. winds and rain, and open weather continued to the\nend of the month.\nThese remarks apply to the coast generally; the following have reference\nspecially to Vancouver :\u2014\nThe year 1850, as shewn by a thermometric register, kept at Fort The year 1850,\nVictoria, (see tabular statement, page 71), was fine throughout. It shows that Sp t\nthere were in4;hat year 201 fine days, 96 overcast and foggy, 97 rainy, and 17 and weather,\ndays on which snow fell.\nThis, however, is not critically correct, as respects doing justice to the 7$\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nOther years.\nit\nit\nfine weather, for under the two last heads are included all days on which rain\nor snow fell, although the amount might be trifling.\nMaximum temperature of air in shade\nAt 8 a.m., 65* Fahr., on 20th June, 1850.\nAt 2 p.m., 84\u00b0 \u201e 26th \u201e\nAt 8 p.m., 73\u00b0 \u201e 28th July\nMinimum temperature of air in Shade\nAt 3 a.m., 14\u00a3\u00b0 Fahr., on 4th December, 1850.\nAt 2 p.m., 24\u00b0 I \u201e\nAt 8 p.m., 16\u00b0 \u201e \u201e \u201e\nMean daily temperatures given in Abstract Appendix No. 1 (see page 72.)\nSnow began to fall on the 5th January. On the 24th there were 17\ninches on the ground, which, However, was all gone by the 28th. The\nmaximum temperatuie for January was 47\u00b0 Fahr. The minimum temperature 21\u00b0 Fahr., on the 23rd.\nFebruary was open and mild. On the 12th, gooseberry buds were\nopening; some hail showers and frost towards the end of the month.\nMaximum temperature 58\u00b0. Minimum temperature 26\u00b0 Fahr.\nMarch.\u2014Variable weather, slight snow storms in early part, but so\npartial, that on the 2nd, early plants were coming into leaf in sheltered spots,\nnative hemp was three inches high, elder bush putting out leaves. On the\n7th; the catkins of the palm willow in full bloom. On the 29th there was\nstill snow on the ground, and buttercups in flower. Maximum temperature\n60\u00b0. Minimum 35\u00b0 Fahn '\nApril.\u2014High winds, altering with calms. Strawberries coming into\nbloom on 13th. Maximum temperature 69\u00b0. Minimum 35\u00b0 Fahr.\nMay.\u2014Fifteen fine clear days, twelve overcast^ four rainy. On the 1st,\nplains covered with verdure, the turn-cup lily, heartsease, crowsfoot, jonquil,\nand many other flowers in full bloom, camass flowering, spring wheat and\npeas rising, early potatoes above ground. On the 4th, campanula and lupin\ncoming into flower, wild cherry and serviceberry coming into blossom, and\nwild vetch flowering in warm places. On the 6th, apple tree in blossom,\nstrawberries forming. 7th, potatoes planted in March and April coming up.\n12tn, early beans in bloom. 18th, wild rose coming into bloom. 25th,\nstrawberries ripening. 31st, wild gooseberries ripening. Maximum temperature 79\u00b0. Minimum 39\u00b0 Fahr.\nJune.\u2014Twenty-three fine clear days, seven overcast and foggy. On\n*7 v 7 CDCDis\nthe 14th, queen of the meadow and golden rod in bloom. 17th, potatoes\nflowering. Maximum temperature 84\u00b0. Minimum 47\u00b0 Fahr.\nJuly.\u2014Twenty-two fine days, * nine overcast. Maximum temperature\n82\u00b0. Minimum 52\u00b0 Fahr. 11th, barberry and raspberries ripe. On the.\n17th, first double rose on Vancouver Island came into flower.\nAugust.\u2014Twenty-six fine days, five overcast. Maximum temperature\nMinimum 53\u00b0 Fahr. On the 16th, distant thunder, high wind, N.B.\nSeptember.,\u2014Twenty-four fine days, six overcast. Maximum temperature\nMinimum 45\u00b0 Fahr. On the 7th, heavy dews.\nOctober.\u2014Twenty fine days, ten overcast. Maximum temperature 70\u00b0.\nMinimum 38\u00b0 Fahr.\nNovember.\u2014Thirteen fine days, fourteen overcast, three rainy. On the\n19th, a heavy gale of wind, felt simultaneously along the whole coast.\nMaximum temperature 55\u00b0. Minimum 32\u00b0 Fahr.\nDecember.\u2014Ten -fine days, sixteen overcast, four rainy, one snowy.\nFraser River frozen on the 4th, ice quickly broke up. Maximum temperature\n48\u00b0. Minimum 14J\u00b0 Fahr.\nThe above gives the general character of the year 1850, and may be\ntaken as a good type of a season, intermediate between the severity of 1816,\n79\u00b0\n74 APPENDIX.\n71\nand the mild open winters, which prevailed until 1859-60; when the cold set\nin in November, and continued for some months with-heavy falls of snow.\nFrom March, 1860, the weather was mild throughout, and continued so\nthrough the winter, and into the spring of 1861.\nThe summer of this latter year was very hot and dry, the early autumn\nwas very fine and clear, with occasional cold, south-easterly winds, heavy\nrains in November, and early part of December.\nThe tabulated statement at page 72, for the year 1860-61, shows the\nranges of the barometer, thermometer, (wet and dry bulbs), number of days\nfine, rainy, &c, and furnishes a good comparative estimate of climatorial\nvariation.\nCare must be taken, however, to bear in mind, that in consequence of Special in-\nits insular position, washed by an ocean having a remarkably low temperature, Auences in V,\nthe littoral climate of Vancouver, differs materially from that of the inland '\nplains and valleys, therefore the register No. 2, for 1860-61, kept on board\none of H.M. ships, is peculiarly interesting, as showing what range the\nthermometer takes in the shade, when removed from all possible influences ef\nradiated or reflected heat.\nTo this cause is to be assigned the differences in the mean daily temperatures, observable on comparison of the different months in the two years,\nboth ashore and afloat, and not simply to change or variation of climate.\nAbstract of Thermometrical Observations, from a Register kept at Fort Temperature\nVictoria, Vancouver Island, for 1850, showing Maximum and Minimum *t Fort Vic-\nTemperatures, &c, >l\ng^gl Wind.\nCalms, Light\nEast winds . 14\nCalms, Light\nNorth winds, 16\n6\n8\n2\n12\n7\n9\n5\n6\n10\n96\nN.E\t\nS.W.,S.E.\nS F\ns! to s.w.\nN.E.,S.E.\nS.,S.W...\nCalm\t\nCalm\t\nC'ms.Lt.S\n&S.E.w'ds\nNo. of Days.\n16\n11\n8\n4\nWind.\nNo. of Days.\nS.W. & W\nS.W.,S.E.\nS.E ......\nS.E\t\nS.E\t\ns.w.,s.w\nCalm. ...\n3\n4\n50\nS.E.\nS.W.\nWind.\nN. & N.F,,\nn.'&s.e!\n1\n17\nS.E. 72\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nMean .temper Jjfo,\nature.\n1.\u2014Mean Daily Temperature in the shade, for the year 1850,\nkept on shore at Fort Victoria.\nRegister\n- 8 a.m., 2 P.M.\nDEG. DEG.\nJanuary 32 38\nFebruary 36 44J\nMarch 37 46\nApril 46 57\nMay 54 69\nJune j 57J 69^\nJuly 61 74\nAugust 59J 72\nSeptember 5 4\\ 64|\nOctober 46J 5f|\nNovember 39J 46\nDecember 35 40\n8\n53*\nNo. 2.\u2014Mean Maximum and Minimum Daily Temperature in shade, for the\nyear 1860-61. Register kept on board ship.\n1860. DEG. DEG. DEG.\nApril 54 49 51\nMay 59 53J 58\nJune 62 57 57J\nJuly 64 58 5a|\nAugust 65J 59J 54|\nSeptember 60 55J 58}\nOctober 55J 54| 54J\nNovember 50 5l| 48J\n7td 7U\nDecember 46 44 40\nJanuary 43 40\u00a3 41\u00a3\nFebruary 43J 40\" 43\"\nMarch 40 50 48\nBarometer.\nMeteorological observations.\n?he thermometer average 55^\u00b0 with\nIn the quarter ending 30th June, 1860, the highest barometric range\nwas in April, 30*13 ; the lowest 29*25. In the same month, there were seventeen fine days, seven rainy, and six overcast, with variable and light winds\nfrom east and south. Sea waier 50\u00b0 Fahr., the hygrometric observations\nshow an average difference of 3\u00b0 7-10 Fahr., between the wet and dry bulbs.\nAverage temperature 51^\u00b0 Fahr.\nIn May the barometer had an average range of 30*04. There were\neighteen fine days, nine rainy, and four overcast, with variable winds, chiefly\nfrom south-west. Sea water 51\u00b0 Fahr.\n4\u00b0 1-10 Fahr., difference between wet and dry bulbs\nJune.\u2014 Twenty fine clear days, six rainy, and four overcast. Barometric\nrange, average 30*02. Average of thermometer 61\u00b0, and difference of bulbs\n4\u00b07-10. Sea water 55\u00b0 Fahr.\nJuly.\u2014Sixteen fine days, six foggy, seven rainy. Average rango of barometer 29*93, thermometer 60\u00b01-10 Fahr., hygrometer 3J\u00b0 Fahr. Sea water\n58^ Fahr. Prevailing winds, south and south-east, with calms.\nAugust.\u2014Twenty-four fine days, seven rainy. Average range of barometer 30*01, thermometer 63^\u00b0 Fahr., hygrometer 1\u00b0.\nFahr. Winds S.W., S. and S.S~E.\nSea water 58|\u00b0\nSeptember.\u2014Eighteen fine days, seven rainy, five overcast.\nAverage\nrange of barometer, 30*12, thermometer 57J? Fahr., hygrometer I9. Sea\nwater 55\u00b0 Fahr. Prevailing winds S. and S.S.E.\n\u25a0fit. ' APPENDIX.\nOctober.\u2014Thirteen fine days, eleven rainy, seven overcast. Average\n%7 7 \u2022\/ ' *D\nrange of barometer 30*01\u00b0, thermometer 54\u00b0 Fahr., hygrometer 103-155.\nSea water 50\u00b0 Fahr. Winds N.E., variable, calms.\nNovember.\u2014Ten fine days, twelve rainy, eight overcast. Average range\nof barometer 30*18, thermometer 49-|-\u00b0 Fahr., hygrometer l\u00b0l-30 Fahr. Sea\nwater 47\\\u00b0 Fahr. Prevailing winds N. and S.W., to E.S.E.\nDecember.\u2014Fifteen fine days, nine rainy, seven overcast. Average range\n*7 \\7 \u00ab\/ 7 CD CD\nof barometer 29*96, thermometer, 42\u00ae Fahr., hygrometer, 1\u00b05*6 Fahr. Sea\nwater 45^\u00b0 Fahr. Winds N. and N.E., variable, frequent calms.\nJanuary.\u2014Ten fine days, eleven rainy, ten overcast. Average range of\nbarometer 30*01, thermometer 38\u00b0 Fahr., hygrometer 3\u00b0 Fahr. Sea water\n43i\u00b0 Fahr. Winds variable, frequent calms.\nFebruary.\u2014Nine fine clear dayl, seven rainy, eleven overcast, one snowy.\nAverage range of barometer, 29*94, thermometer 44^\u00b0 Fahr., hygrometer 3\u00b0\nFahr. Sea water 43^\u00b0 Fahr. Winds light, Variable, frequent calms.\nMarch.\u2014Fifteen fine days, four rainy, nineteen overcast, three snowy.\nAverage range of barometer 25 02, thermometer 46\u00b0 Fahr., hygrometer 2^\u00b0\nFahr. Sea water 44^\u00b0 Fahr. Winds, light, variable.\nThe importance of a knowledge of the remarkable differences observable\nin these, registers, kept one on shore, the other afloat, is obvious both in a\nsanitary and agricultural point of view.\nThe humidity of the atmosphere can be only estimated by the above\naverage difference between the wet and dry bulbs.\nThe absence of thunderstorms is a remarkable fact. Distant thunder is\nheard at times, but very rarely does the electrical discharge take place over\nVancouver.\n?3\ns\n10-10\niWWWWWWg WORK ON VANCOUVER ISLAND AND\nBRITISH COLUMBIA,\nBy J. Despard Pemberton, Esq., Published in 1860.\nd British Emigmnt and- J'ostal route from Canada to the Pacific\nh British Columbia,.\nsome very erroneous impressions, regarding the climate ot tne\ndiffeibnt localities through which the proposed line must pass, prevail, I may\nbe excused for making the following remarks.\nIt is commonly said that in point of temperature, in North America, the\nsame effect is experienced by travelling through 1\u00b0 of longitude westward, as\nby travelling through 1\u00b0 of latitude southward; \u25a0\u25a0\nv O CD\nThis is manifestly an exaggeration ; still it is a fact that, as we movie\nif OO 7 *\nwestward, the climate becomes milder, and the average annual temperature\nis increased.\nThis increase of temperature, in the region we are speaking of, on the\nsame latitude, amounts probably from side to side of the continent, to 15\u00b0\nFahr., an effect, perhaps, produced by the summer winds of the Pacific, which\nblow almost constantly from west or north-west, wafting warmth and moisture\nthrough the passes of the rocky chain. But whatever the cause, the fact is\ncertain ; the south part of Vancouver Island, for instance, having a climate\nmuch milder than in England, is a hundred miles north of Quebec.\nAn isotherma\nme c\nIrawn across the continent would, of course, be far\nfrom straight, b\nut the\ngeneral\nComparison\nwith Russia\nIsothermal\nfine.\nnty of such a line may be iudged of in\nx J w 97 CD\nbins way :\u2014If such a line were drawn from New York it would pass through\nLake Winnepeg to Fort Simpson; in other words, if New York were with\nrespect to latitude, similarly placed on the West Coast, Fort Simpson, a\nthousand Tniles north of it, would enjoy a temperature equally favorable\nwith it.\nMr. Blodget, who has puBlished an extensive work on the Climatology\nCD 7 X Oi\/\nof the United States, remarks that nine-tenths of European Russia,\u2014the\nmain seat of population and resources\u2014is farther north than S*s. Paul; that,\nin fact, Pembina is the climate equivalent of Moscow, and for that of St.\nPetersburg (which is in 60\u00b0 north) we may reasonably go to latitude 55\u00b0 on\nthe American continent. Like European Russia, also, the Sascatchewan\ndistrict has a climate of extremes, the thermometer having a wide range : but\n' CD CD s\nit is well understood that the growth of the cereals, and of the most useful\nvegetables, depends chiefly on the intensity and duration of the summer heats,\nand is comparatively little influenced by the severity of winter cold, or\nlowness of the mean temperature during the year.\nX CD tj\nTherefore, it is important to observe that the Northern shore of Lake\nHuron has the mean summer heat of Bordeaux, in Southern France, namely\n70\u00b0 Fahr., while Cumberland House, in latitude 54\u00b0, longitude 102\u00b0, on the\nSascatchewan, exceeds, in this respect, Brussels and Paris. m\nThe United States Army Meteorological Register has ascertained that\nthe line of 70\u00b0 mean summer heat, crosses the Hudson River at West Point,\nthonce descends to the latitude of Pittsburg, but westward is traced through \/\nAPPENDIX.\n75\nSandusky, Chicago, Fort Snelling, and Fort Union, into British America.\n\" It is warmer,\" he says, \" at Fort Benton on the Missouri, in long. 110^\u00b0\n\" west, and lat. 47\\\u00b0 north for every season, than at St. Paul, Minnesota.\n\" The mean winter temperature at Fort Benton is 25\u00b0, and the same\nI as that of Chicago, Toronto, Albany, and Portland, Maine.\n** At St. Paul it is but 15\u00b0, or 10\u00b0 less. It is not so cold as this on the\np main (south) branch of the Sascatchewan.\"\nAllowing the 15\u00b0 Fahr. before mentioned \u25a0 considering 1 \u00b0 latitude south\nequal to 1\u00b0 Fahr. ; also as usual, 300 feet of altitude equal to 1\u00b0 Fahr.; the\naverage climate of the Vermilion Pass would probably resemble that of Moose\nor York factories, in the southern part of Hudson's Bay, of which Dr Rae\nsays the summer there extends from early in June to early in November,\u2014five\nmonths. Mr. A. C. Anderson's opinion on this subject, from his long residence in the country, is entitled to attention: of the Upper Fraser he says :\u2014\n\" The regular freshets begin at the fetter end of April, and last during Freshets.\n\" May and June.\n\" About the 15th of June may be regarded as the culminating'point; ancl\n\" by the middle of July the waters are generally greatly subsided.\nv \u2022\/ CD *\/ O **\n\" There is rarely a freshet of much consequence at any other season : but\n*\/ 1 *7 7\n** this sometimes happens, and I have known a sudden freshet from heavy rains\nI in October, raise the river beyond the summer limit.\nI Snow begins to fall in the mountains early in October. Snow.\nI In July there is still snow for a short distance on the summit of the\n\" Fort Hope trail, but not to impede the passage of horses. From the\n\" middle of October, however, to the middle of June, this track is not to be\n\" depended upon for transport with pack animals.\nI The summer climate about the Forks is dry, and the heat is great.\n%f 7 O\n\" During winter, the thermometer indicates occasionally from 20\u00b0 to 30\u00b0 Climatic\nCD 7 %7 \u2022 . \u2022\n\" of cold below zero of Fahr. ; but such severe cold seldom lasts on the upper variation.\nil parts of Fraser's River for more than three days * the thermOnieter will\n\" then continue- to fluctuate between zero and the freezing point, until\n\" possibly, another interval of cold arrives.\n\" But the winters are extremely capricious throughout these regions, and\n\u2022\/ L CD ^7 7\nI no two resemble each other very closely.\n\" In general the snow does not not fall deep enough along the banks of\nI main streams to preclude winter travelling with pafck animals. The quality\n| of the pasture is such (a kind of bunch grass in most places) that animals\nI feed well at all seasons.\n\" There are many spots between the Similikameen Valley and Okanagan\n\" that are specially favorable for winter ranches.\n\" In some the snow never lies, however deep it may be around.\"\nMr. John Miles, on May 1st, found the Sascatchewan country completely\n\/ %1 7 v X %\/\nfree from snow, and the river very full of water.\nj Of\/a climate known to be capricious, whether we compare seasons or\nlocalities, it is of course impossible to speak with certainty ; but, we have\nevidence enough to justify the inference that Vermilion Pass would be open\nat least five or six months, (perhaps seven) out of the twelve, and the\nremaining portions of the route much longer.\nOne peculiarity of the climate of the courrtiy, it requires in England an\neffort to realise. Surrounded bv snowy peaks, the air is often not outy warm\nbut sultry. Even at Victoria, where snow seldom exceeds a few inches, or\nLangley, we have evidence of this every day. The snow itself is not o\u00b1 the\ndamp, compact nature we are accustomed to, it is light, dry, and drifting ; on\nthis account, when it does come to thaw, it disappears with astonishing rapidity.\nThe annexed data extracted from the reports, of the Secretary of War, f^^YfS*\nU. S., 1853-1854, record some particularly interesting facts on this point. War w\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\n0 Mr. Pinkham crossed the mountains from Walla-Walla to Seattle, by\n* the Yakima pass, the summit of which he crossed on the 21st of January.\n' For about six miles on the summit, the show was found to vary from four\n4 feet to six feet in depth, occasionally seven feet.\n\" The area covered by snow exceeding twelve inches in depth, was some-\n' what less than seventy miles; of this forty five miles were two feet, and\n1 upwards ; twenty miles were four feet, and upwards ; and five miles were\n' six feet and upwards.\nf All thev snow was light and dry; it was the accumulated snows of the\n1 winter to January 21st; deposited in successive layers of two inches to two\n* feet, which have generally lain undisturbed since their fall; and they present\n1 Irfctle obstruction to removal in comparison with the compact drifted snows\n' of the Atlantic States. The winter and spring temperatures of the Yakima\n* pass, 3000 to 4000 feet elevation, are given as follows :\u2014November, 36 \u00b0;\n* December, 28\u00b0; January, 28\u00b0; February, 30\u00b0; March, 31\u00b0; April, 38\u00b0.\n\" The mean temperature at Puget Sound, from observations \"extending\ni over fdor years, is exactly 10\u00b0 higher than these: at the Sound the winter\nv ' *\/ ^*? 7\n1 rain is 20.6 inches, and since more rain usually falls in the neighborhood of\n* mountains than on plains, and snow occupies from ten to twelve times the\ne bulk of an equal quantity of rain, it is probable that the accumulated snows\n* of winter, in the Vermilion Pass, would exceed twenty or twenty-one feet, \u2022\n* but that the Pass would frequently be open in December, and passable'\n' in May.\" APPENDIX.\n77 7S\nBRITISH COLUMBIA. APPENDIX.\n#\u00a7\nIn the table on the two preceeding pages will be found a statement of the Weather at\nprevailing weather, at Esquimalt, for one year, viz., from the 1st April, 1860, -Esqumialt.\nto the 1st April, 1861, inclusive, which may be taken as a fair specimen from\nwhich to form an average conclusion.\nThis goes far to prove that we enjoy, as a rule, fine weather. Of the\n365 days of the year, no fewer than 187, or 51 per cent., were fine, the\nremainder being dull, showerv, rainy, &c.\nO ' 17 * J 7\nDuring the winter months, fine weather accompanying frost is by no\nmeans uncommon, or of short duration.\nRain fell on 118 days, or once every jOj days ; most heavily and fre-Kain.\nquently during the winter months, from October to February. Snow fell on\ntwelve davs only, and then neither heavily nor for anv length of time. The\nthermometer fell only eleven times below freezing, during the year, a good\nindication of the mildness of the winter.\nHeavy and prolonged fogs, prevail during October and November. In\nthe summer, mists are usually rare, partial, and transitory.\n~3?he highest summer temperature shown in the table was 72\u00b0 (9th Temperature.\nAugust); June, July, and August, being the warmest months of the year.\nThe lowest, 23|-\u00b0, the coldest months being December, January, and February.\nThe annual tliermometric range was 48^\u00b0, while the greatest daily range\n(23\u00b0), occurred in March, and the smallest during October.\nrJ.ne extremes of temperature are, therefore, by no means great, a good\nindex of the equable character of the climate, and of the absence of sudden\nand violent changes.\nThe columns indicating the difference between the wet and dry bulb\nthermometers (a good criterion of the amount of moisture in the atmosphere),\nshew that during the entire year, even during the winter months and the\nrainy and foggy weather of October and November, the air is not unfrequently\nvery dry. The greatest difference between the wet and dry bulbs was 8\u00a3\u00b0\n*\/ \u2022\/ CD v \u2022\u00a3\n(June)\u2014it has been observed as high as 13\u00b0, (5th May, 1861,) and the least\nmaximum difference, 2^\u00b0 (September).\nThe dampest months of the year were from September to January Moisture.\ninclusive, the dampest of all being October, when fogs are often prevalent.\nThe barometric variations are neither great nor frequent, the range for\n.he entire year being only 1*50 inch.\nv CD \u00ab\/\nThe wind columns shew the great frequency of calm mornings and Wind,\nevenings, while entire calm days occurred about once in every ten.\nThe average force of wind for the entire year was only 1^-, scarcely equal\nto a light breeze, the highest being nine. High winds and squally weather\nare unusual in summer, they chiefly visit us in the spring and winter months.\nThe following table will shew the direction of those winds which occurred\nCD\nduring the year with a force equal to a fresh breeze :\u2014\nEsquimalt, Vancouver Island, 1860-61. Table of Winds with a force\nat and. above 5, (fresh breeze).\nDirection\nof\nWind.\nr*4\n. *>\u00bb\nr\u2014\n4-*>\n<\n\u00a9\nc\nr\u2014\nCO\n\u00ab\nCQ\no\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\nO\nr-t\ns\nd\nd\n\u00a9\nrH\nr^\nTotal and\nPer centage.\nSoutherly\n(chiefly S.W)j\nEasterly\t\nWesterlv\n11\n1\n1\n5\n1\n6\n4\n6\n2\n1\n2\n2\n...\n5\n1\n1\n1\n'V\n5\no\na\no\nO\n4\n....\n2\n\"i*\n6\n1\n1\n1\n2\n56==67 *47 per cent\n11=13*25 \u201e\n6= 7*23 ,\n6= 7*23\nVariable\n1\n4= 4*82 ,\n,. 1\nTotals\t\n13\n6\n6\n5\n6|\no\nO\n4\n8\n9\n3\n11\n7\n11 86\nBklTISfi COLUMBIA.\nThus it appears that high winds are commonest in April, and blow\nchiefly from the south and south-west, forming sixty-seven per cent of the\nstrong breezes which occur during the entire year. Strong northerly winds\nare rare even in winter. The per-centage from the west is, however, unusually\nlarge. When westerly winds do occur, they are often violent.\nSoutherly winds prevail, as a rule, during the year, and occur in ike\nproportion of sixty-seven per cent.\nNext to these in the order of frequency are the northern, eastern, and\nwestern. The southerly winds, which blow nearly all the year round, and\nthose in winter from the north, may be said to prevail in the southern extremity of Vancouver Island.\nThe less prevalent easterly and westerly winds usually occur during the\nwinter months, especially December and January; in the summer, very rarely.\nWinds with\nrain.\nEsquimalt, Vancouver Island, 1860-61. Winds which accompanied Kain.\nCharacteristics of seasons.\nSprinj\nig.\nDirection of\n'Wind.\n<\n4\n1\no\n4\nft\nf\u2014\u25a0\n\u25a0\u2014\u00bb\n4\n\"i'\n2\n2\nto\nd\n02\n\u00ab\no\n2\n2\n9\nd\n\u25ba\no\no\n1\nB\no\n9\nft\n5\ns>*\ni\n\u2022\no\no\no\n4\nSummary..\n*\nS. W\t\nS.\n2\n2\n29^\n14\ns.s.w.\n1\n1\n....\n2 }- Southerly, 59.\nS.E..\n1\n2\n2\n1\n1\n2\n....\n7 I\nSSE .\n4\nT 1\nN.E..\n1\n1\n6\n2\n2\n2\n2\ni'\n....\n2\nH > Northerly, 28.\nO j * '\n5\/\nN\t\n1\n0\n3\n3\n1\n1\n2\n9\na*\nN.W. ...\nN N.W..\nE..\n1\n1\n1\n2\n1\n2H Easterly, 12.\nE.S.E.\nW.S W\t\n2\n1\n8\n2 Westerly, 2.\n1.\nVancouver\ni\nColumbia....\n2\n9\n1\n10\nl\n6\n2\n8\n...\n4\n1\n9\n3\n14\n**-\n1\n2\n2\n13\n1\n14\n16.\nTotal.. .\n13\n10\n118.\n64\nThe above table shows that the winds which, most frequently accompany\nrain are southerly or sea breezes, principally S.W. These almost invariably\naccompany the showers of spring and summer, and often occur with the\nheavier and more prolonged winter rains\u2014although northerly and easterly\nwinds, both land breezes, are those which usually follow the latter, and\ntogether form about one-third of the winds which succeed rain.\n. The following are the usual characteristics of the different seasons:\t\nThe spring is short, and lasts from the beginning or middle of March to\nthe end of April or beginning of May. In early March the weather undergoes a marked change, and a drier and milder atmosphere forms a decided\n.contrast to that of the cold and wet winter months that precede it. Trees bud\nand come into leaf, and, towards its close, various wild plants,e.^., the Colmsia.\nTvMum, CD J. \u00ab\/ v\nThe forests of this colony may be said to be inexhaustible, and will long Inexhaustible\nyield timber in abundance when the timber produce of Vancouver Island has *orests*\nbeen consumed. British Columbia has superior facilities for the development\nof an export trade in timber. By its large and rapid rivers, especially the\nFraser and its tributaries, and the Harrison and other lakes, which usually\ncommunicate with them, the timber of the north-east, east, and southern\nparts of the interior, and of the whole of the extensive tract of wooded\ncountry which the Fraser River drains, may be floated down to New Westminster or Victoria for shipment: while that of the hilly region, which lies\nbetween the western coast and the Cascade and Harrison Lake ranges, may\nbe similarly transported by the smaller streams, and those numerous arms of\nthe sea, which are found in that direction, e.g.:\u2014Bentinck Arm, Howe Sound,\nBute Inlet, &c, where saw mills may easily be established for the manufac- .\nture of spars and timber, similar to that now in operation at Barclay Sound.\nThe timber found in British Columbia, though more varied than that of\nVancouver Island, is even less used, except for fuel and house-building.\n7 A O\nSeveral markets may be found for the manufactured timber of Van- Markets for\ncouver Island and British Columbia; in England, spars, oak, and other timber.\nwoods are much required for ship-building ; in Australia and South America,\nX. X CD 7 7\ntimber is scarce ; and in China, especially in the south, whose teeming population are compelled to sacrifice everything to agriculture, and where wood is\ntherefore scarce, valuable, and in great demand for house, junk, and boat building,\n. the soft woods of Vancouver Island will find a ready sale ; and also charcoal,\nthe principal fuel used by the Chinese for culinary and general domestic\npurposes.\nThe collection of turpentine, an exudation from various species of pine, Turpentine,\nmight be profitable in these colonies. The Douglas pine yields it in considerable quantities, though probably not so abundantly as the Carolina pine, the\nordinary source of the turpentine of English commerce.\nThe manufacture of tar, invaluable to Vancouver Island as a commercial Tar and pitch,\nand fishing colony with a numerous shipping, has not yet been attempted in\neither colony.\nIn the southern states of America, it is made from the heart-wood of\ndead pines, which becomes charged with resinous juice long after the tree\nhas died, from which it is extracted by an easy process, -usually carried on\n7 ^\/ U X 7 *\/\nin the forest. From tar thus obtained, pitch may be procured by distillation.\n7 X <7 X \u2022\/\nThe manufacture of potash, or pearlash, (the blacks salts of commerce,) Potash and\n^-m \u2022 Aula o\"Vk\nnow extensively carried out in the forests of Canada, might be attempted Feanasn-\nin those of British Columbia and Vancouver Island with their surplus wood.\nIn Canada, the hard woods yield it in greatest abundance, especially\nelm, ash, birch, beech, and maple; and the salt is made by dissolving and\nevaporating the ashes left on burning the trees. This salt will be useful in the\ncolony for soap, candle, and other manufactures. 86\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nAPPENDIX M.\nCoal Mining\non Vancouver\nIsland.\nDiscovery of\nmine.\nTrial of the\ncoal.\nCOPY OF LETTER FROM ROBERT DUNSMUIR, Esq.\nNanaimo, B. C, September 20, 1871,\nThe Hoxorable H. L. Langevtn, C. B.\nMinister of Piiblie Works.\nS\nir,\u2014Bteing informed by Captain Spalding that you wished to have a few\nremarks from me relative to the scam of coal which we are about to work on\nVancouver Island, and not knowing the exact points* on which you would\nfeel most interested, as very little has been done so far towards its develope-\nment, I have considered it not amiss to state in the first place how it was\ndiscovered.\nWhen I was in the bush about three miles from the sea, in the month of\nOctober 1869, not exactly for the purpose of prospecting for coal, but being\nthoroughly acquainted from past experience with all the coal formation in this\ncountry, I came across a ridge of rock, which I knew to be the strata overlying the lowest seam that had as yet been discovered here.- A\nshort time afterwards, I sent two men to prospect, and in three days discovered a seam of coal 3\u00a3 feet in thickness, 30 feet below the tops of the\nridge, clipping S.E., one foot in six.\nAfter procuring from government a right to further prospect, I sunk a\nslope 97|- yards in the seam, and mined therefrom about 500 tons, twenty-five\ntons of which were taken on board of H. M. S. Boxer, for trial. The same\nquantities were taken from the Vancouver Coal Company's Douglas' Pit and\nNewcastle Mi ne. A copy of the report of said trial, I herewith enclose.\nWhile working the slope, I had a party of men prospecting in the same\nridge, ajbout half a mile nearer the sea, and found the same seam about 27\nfeet from the surface. I afterwards had a bore put down about f of a mile\nfrom the beach, and struck the seam 8 feet in thickness, at a depth of 132\nfeet. This place was as far to the dip of the field, as the grant from Government allowed me to go. Hence you will observe that the distance between\nwhere I first discovered the coal, and the bore is 2|- miles, with an average\nwidth of -S- mile, which I believe contains coal, although there may be a few\n\" faults \" met with, as is the case in all coal fields, but considering the depth\nof the bore in such f\\ distance from the \" out crop \" they cannot be of much\nconsequence.\nIt was my intention to have worked, for the present, the second place\nwhere the coal was found, merely because it would have shortened the length\nof the tram-road; but as I was again strolling through the bush about ten\nweeks ago, about 200 yards from the place I had determined to work, I\nchanced to come upon the root of a fallen tree, which I thought had a peculiar\nappearance. On examination I found' coal sticking on the upturned root, and\ndigging a little under it, Isaw that coal had been there, but was now removed\nby the action of fire.\nI then sent for two of the workmen, who brought picks and shovels,\nand in half-an-hour, we discovered a seam of coal left 3 feet thick, the top of\ncourse having been consumed. I set the men to work about 80 yards further\nto the dip, and 9 feet below the surface found the seam of 9 feet in thickness. APPENDIX.\n87\nmines.\nFor a distance of 54 yards by 2 yards wide, I have had the surface removed,\nand from the cut intend to *\"* open cast\" some acres to the rise, where the surface to be removed will only average about 4^- feet.\n1 expect to find a rock roof to the dip of this, in which case the coal will\nhave to be mined, this I may remark is rather a remarkable discovery, no\nmachinery being required for a considerable time. The quality of the coal\nappears to myself and others to be superior to the other.\nIt is my opinion that the average yield of this field, per acre, will be Anticipated\nabout 7,000 tons ; but should the thickness of 9 feet continue, it will be much yield of the\nmore. H. M. ships have been supplied with most of the coal procured from\nthe first opening, and under considerable difficulties, as the coal had to be\nteamed to the beach and put alongside in lighters.\nAt present I am constructing a tram-road to, and building a wharf at,\nDeparture Bay (one of the finest harbors on the coast, where vessels of any\ndraught can enter), and intend to be able to supply coal within two months.\nThere are about forty men employed at present, twenty-five whites, seven\nChinese, and the remainder Indian.\nShould you wish information regarding coal or coal mining in this Province at any future time, I shall always feel it an honor to do what I can in\nsupplying it to the best of my ability,\nI have the honor to be, Sir,\nYour obedient servant,\n(Signed) Robert Dunsmuir. i mBgmHHHMtn\nss\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nAPPENDIX *\nj.^i\nNature and\nyield of gold\ndiggings.\nBlack Duck\nGulch.\nEXTRACT FROM LETTER ON GOLD MINING AT\nGERMANSEN CREEK.\nGermansen Creek, August 16th, 1871.\n* * * I did not think the country sufficiently prospected to\njustify me in writing definitely about the mines before this. There are two\nand a half miles of this stream that will pay from $10 to $75 per day\/to the\nhand; the diggings are shallow, and will be speedily worked out. Of eourse\nthere may be some few claims that will prove blanks, but they cannot be\nmany, as prospects have been obtained in a majority. South-east from this\nMansen Biver place there has been a stream called Mansen River discovered. So fat! the\nstream, with few exceptions, has proved a blank, but on both sides of the\ncreek there are many benches and joints of bare rock and gravel, that pay\nwell; in some instances they pay as high as $75 per day to the man. I think if\nthere was water to be had to wash the flats, the yield of gold from that section\nwould be very heavy indeed. There are several small crseeks and gulches\n%7 v *\u2014'\nputting into Mansen Creek that prospect well, two of which pay remarkably. Lost Creek, for five days' work, with five men, cleaned up 192 oz. of\ngold dust. The new company below them consider their ground equally\nas good. The companies above them have not got their claims opened, but\nthink the pay will be found as good there as below. The next is Black Duck\nGulch. The best pay is from $40 to $50 per day to the man, four companies\nworking. There are some of the oldest and best miners in the mountains\nprospecting. One of them, who came in for a fresh supply of provisions,\nthinks they are going to develop some rich mines fifty miles north-west\n*7 CD O X *7\nfrom here. I think there is a lively future for this section of B.ritish\nColumbia. I consider there are mines enough found at present to justify a\npopulation of 2,000 in risking the country. The only drawback to the old\nroute will be the road tolls. If they can be removed I have no doubt the\nProposed pack travel and merchandise will come that way. The trail cut by the packers\nro can be made a splendid road for pack animals at a little expense; at least,\nall who have travelled over the route say so. From this town to Stewart's\nLake the distance will not exceed 115 miles; from thence to Quesnel 175\nmiles. Good feed can be had all the way. There is some talk of gold\nquartz being found. I cannot trace the report to reliable men. Next week\nalmost every company, for a distance of two miles, will be washing. I cannot\ngive you an idea as to how many men there are here. There are quite a\nnumber leaving, and of course they will give the country a bad name, but\nNecessity for j fed certain time will prove this to be a great mining region. We need a\na mall IT Ml t5&.\nweekly mail to the place. Cannot something be done to induce the new\nGovernment to send us a mail twice a month in winter, and as often as it is\nsent to Cariboo in the summer1? There are about twenty houses erected\nhere, many of which compare favorably with the mercantile houses in Barker-\nville. About three miles of this creek are abandoned by the miners, but\nmany contend the pay will be found in the flats where it is .not in the\nstream. I believe the largest pieces found in Mansen River district weigh\n-\"~\u2014 O I o\nand $>100. Nothing so heavy has been found in this creek this season.\n\u2022 U ; * # # *\na mail. APPENDIX.\n8S\nAPPENDIX O.\nAN ORDINANCE TO AMEND THE LAWS RELATING TO GOLD\nMINING.\n[2nd April, 1867.]\n\"Y^^ HERE AS it is expedient to anrencl and assimilate the laws relating to Preamble.\nGold Mining in this Colony :\nvv\nBe it enacted by the Governor of British Columbia, with the advice and\nconsent of the Legislative Council thereof, as follows :\u2014\n1. From and after the passing of this Ordinance \" The Gold Mining\nI Ordinance, 1865,\" and the proclamations, rules and regulations and ordinances repealed thereby, are hereby repealed ; provided, however, that such\nX v 7 %7 X 7 X ' 7\nrepeal shall not in any manner affect any rights acquired, or any liabilities or\npenalties incurred thereunder, or any remedies or punishments prescribed\nthereby, b>ut such remedies and punishments may still for the purposes of\nsuch enforcement, but not further or otherwise, be available and capable of\nimposition.\n2. In the construction of this Ordinance the following expressions shall\nhave tho following interpretation respectively, unless there be something\ninconsistent or repugnant thereto in the context:\u2014\nThe words \"Her Majesty\" or \"the Crown\" shall mean Her Majesty,\nHer heirs and successors ; the word \" Governor \" shall mean and include any\nperson administering the Government of this Colony * \" Gold Commissioner \"\nshall include Chief Gold Commissioner, Assistant Gold Commissioners and\nothers lawfully acting as Gold Commissioners, either under special authority\nor the authority of this Ordinance.:\n\\ The word \" Mine \" shall mean any locality in which any vein, siratum or\nnatural bed of auriferous earth or rock shall be mined; and the verb \"to\nmine \" shall include any mode or method whatsoever of working the same for\nthe purpose of obtaining gold therefrom ;\n\" The word \"Claim' shall mean the personal right of property or\ninterest in any mine : and in the term \" Mining Property \" shall be included\nevery claim, ditch, or water privilege used for mining purposes, and all other\nmatters and things thereto belonging, or used in the working thereof;\n\" Bar Diggings\" shall mean every mine over which a river extends\nCDCD CD v\nwhen in its flooded state ;\n\" Dry Diggings \" shall mean any mine over which a river never extends ;\nThe mines on benches shall be known as \" Bench Diggings,\" and shall\nfor the purpose of ascertaining the size of claims therein be excepted out of\nthe class of \" Dry Diggings :\"\n%\/ OO O 7\n\" Streams and Ravines \" shall include water courses, whether usually\ncontaining water or not, and all rivers, creeks and gulches ;\n O ' ' O J\n\" Hill Claims\" shall include all claims located on the surface of any hill;\n\" Ditch\" shall include a flume or race, or other artificial means for\nconducting water by its own weight, to be used for mining purposes;\n\" Ditch Head \" shall mean the point in a natural watercourse or lake\nwhere water is first taken into a diteh ; *\n\" Free Miner \" shall mean a person named in, and lawfully possessed of\nRepeals former Acts.\nInterpretation\nclause.\nHer Majesty,\nthe Crown.\nGovernor.\nGold Commissioner.\nMine.\na valid existing Free Miner\n10\u201412\nIpr m fi r*a.f.p & r\nd no other\nClaim.\nMining\nproperty.\nBar diggings.\nDry diggings.\nBenchdiggings\nStreams and\nRavines.\nHill claims.\nDitch.\nDitch he;vd.\nFree ^Jiner.\nTKsMHn^71 90\nBRITISH* COLUMBIA.\nRecord, &c.\nOrdinance\ndivided into\ntwelve parts\nAnd words in the singular number shall\" include the plural, and the\nmasculine gender shall include the feminine gender;\nThe words \" Record,'' \" Register^\" and \" Registration,\" as hereinafter\nused, shall be synonymous.\n3. This Ordinance shall be divided into twelve parts :\u2014\nThe first part relating to the appointment of Gold Commissioners and\n'their iurisdiction :\n\\f 7 \u2022\nThe second part to Free Miners and their privileges;\nThe third part to the registration of claims and Free Miners' .general\nX \u2022\u2014* o\nRights;\nThe fourth part to the nature and size of claims;\nThe fifth part to bed-rock flumes ;\nThe sixth part to the drainage of mines ;\nThe seventh part to mining partnerships and limited liability ;\nThe eighth part to administration ;\nThe ninth part to leases ;\nThe tenth part to ditches ;\nThe eleventh part to Mining Boards and their constitution ;\nx The twelfth part to the peiial and saving clauses\/\nGold Commissioner to\nbe appointed\nby the Gover\nnor.\nMining Court\nin y ach D i s t ri c t\nJurisdiction of\nGold Commissioner.\nSame powers\nas Judge of the\nSupreme\nCourt in enforcing .\ndecision.'\n.rrescribec\nforms unnecessary.\nPiRT I.\nAppointment of Gold Commissioners and (heir Jurisdiction.\n4. The Governor may from time to time appoint such persons as he shall\nthink proper to be Chief Gold Commissioner and Gold Commissioners either\nfor the whole Colony or for any particular Districts therein, and from time to\ntime in like manner fix and vary the limits of, and subdijpide such Districts,\nand make and revoke all such appointments.\nJ. i\n5. Within every such District or Districts there shall Be a Court to be\ncalled the \" Mining Court,\" in which the Gold Commissioner of the District\nshall preside as judge thereof. *\nI O CD\n6. Such \" Mining Court\" shall have original jurisdiction as a Court of\nLaw and Equity to hear and determine all mining disputes arising within\nits District, and shall be a Court of Record with a specific seal; and in\ndetermining suits or actions brought therein, the Gold Commissioner may\nCD 7 \u00bb\u25a0\nrender such judgment, or make such order or decree as sb& shall deem just,\nand for the purposes thereof, and for enforcing the same he shall have and\nexercise, save as hereinafter excepted, the same powers and authority, legal\ni- 7 X V * lO\nand equitable, as are now exercised in the Supreme Court of Civil Justice of\nBritish Columbia, by any Judge thereof; Provided, however, that the Gold\nCommissioner shall, if desired by both parties to a cause in cases of liquidated\ndamages, oi\nJurisdiction\nbeyond district in certain\ncases.\nif desired by either party to a cause in case of unliquidated\ndamages, summon a iurv of from three to five Free Miners to assess the\namount of such damages.\n. * O\"\n7. No prescribed forms shall be necessary, provided;that the substance\nof the matter complained of be properly expressed in writing and embodied in\na summons to bo issued from 1he Court, and served oh the opposite party, or\nas mav be directed,, and such summons jnay, by leave of the Gold Commis-\nft\/ * \u00ab- V\nsioner, be amended, if requisite, by either party, upon such terms as he may\nimpose, and the sum of ten dollars shall be charged for every summons so\nissued.\n8. Where disputes arise concerning mining property, portions whereof\nare situated in adioining or different districts, the Gold Commissioners of\nO CD '\neither of such districts before whom the dispute is first brought shall determine it. APPEND!:\n91\n9. The Gold Commissioner may, in cases of disputed boundaries or Mining\nsur-\nmeasurements, employ a surveyor to mark and define the same, and cause the veyor.\nreasonable expense thereof to be paid by either or both of the parties interested therein.\n10. He shall also have the power to lay over any or all claims within Laying over\nhis district, for such period and under such circumstaijces as lie may think claims\u00ab\nproper.\n11. He shall have power to order any minim\nworks to be so carried on Protection\nas to ensure the safety of the public, cr protect the interests of claim holders a?amst\n,. ii' i ujj i ii- i i -ii dangerous\nor bed rock drains ; and, any abandoned works may by his order be either WOrks\nfilled up or guarded to his satisfaction, at the cost of the parties who may\nhave constructed the same, or in their absence then upon such terms as he\nshall deem expedient.\n12. It shall be lawful for him, upon being so requested? to mark out Plots for\nfor business purposes or gardens, on or near any mining ground, a plot of traders and\n. . \u2022\/ ^ o o > \u00b1 crardeus\nground of such size as he shall deem advisable; subject, however, to all the\nexisting rights of Free Miners then lawfully holding such mining ground, and\n^j CD v CD CD CD 7\ntheir assignees. And any building erected, or improvements made thereon\nfor any such purposes, shall in every such case be erected and made at the\nrisk of the persons erecting and making the same; and they shall not be\nentitled to any compensation for damage done thereto by such Free Miners\nso entitled in working their claims bona fide.\n13. It shall be lawful for him, upon being so requested, to mark out Compensation\nfor business purposes or gardens, on or near any mining ground not previously allotted,\npre-empted, a plot of land of such size as he shall deem advisable, to be held\nsubject to all the rights of Free 3Iiners to enter upon and use such lands for\nmining purposes, upon reasonable notice to quit being given to the occupier,\nsuch notice to be subject to the approval of the Gold Commissioner; and,\nfurther, upon the payment of due compensation for any crops thereon, and\nfor the buildings and improvements erected on such plots ; such compensation\nto be assessed by the Gold Commissioner previous to entry, with or without\nn7 1 *7 7\na jury of not le\u00abs than three.\nA monthly rent of five dollars shall in every such case be payable by Rent for same,\nthe grantees of such plot, or their assignees, to the Gold Gommissioner.\n14. Any judge of the Supreme Court ot Civil Justice of British Forms of\nColumbia may, with the. advice and consent of the Gold Commissioner of any proceeding\ncosts cfec\nparticular district, from time to time make, repeal, and alter any rules and\nregulations for the conduct of the business before such Gold Commissioner,\nand for the costs incident thereto.\n15. Where any mining cause, wherein the sum of damages sought to Cause under\nbe recovered shall be less than two hundred and fifty dollars, is brought in *2'50'\nthe first instance before the > Supreme Court of Civil Justice of British\nColumbia, it shall be lawful for the court, after issue joined, to direct the\ncause to be tried before any particular Gold Commissioner, upon such terms\nas the court shall think fit.\n16. All jurors and witnesses summoned under and by virtue of the Jurors'and\npowers contained in this Ordinance, shall be entitled for their attendance to ^toe-wes *ees\u00bb\nrrceive such compensation as the court may direct^\n17. When in civil cases, the subject matter in any mining dispute is Appeal in civil\nin value more than two hundred,\nj\nJlCl\nntty dollars,\nai appe*:\nal shall\nsave as hereinafter excepted, lie from the decision, ruling, judgment, order, or\ndecree of the Gold Commissioner, to the Supreme Court of Civil Justice of\nBritish Columbia : provided, however, that the decision of the Gold Commissioner, or of a jury summoned under the provisions of this ordinance, upon all\nmatters of fact, shall be final and conclusive, and no appeal shall lie therefrom.\nNo appeal shall be allowed in any cause, unless notice thereof be given\ncases over\n' S250.\nI M|\n\u00bbU BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nin writing to the opposite ^paipfey, or his attorney, within four days after the\ndecision complained of, and also security be given, to the approval of the Gold\nCommissioner, for the costs of the appeal, and the amount (if any) payable\nunder the judgment. And the said Court of Apj>eal may make such order as\nit shall think fit. Such appeal may be in the form of a case settled and signed\nby the parties, their <$ounser, or attorneys.\n\u2022'I*'- Part ILk<\nWho may be Free Miners, and their privileges.\nT?WM?yJ?e* 18. Every person over but not under sixteen years of age shail be en-\nFree Miners titled to hold a claim. Minors, who shall become Free Miners, shall, as\nunder age to regards their mining property and liabilities contracted in connexion there-\nbe treated as \u00b0ti i , i ii.\nadults. ^ifch\u00bb be treated as adults.\nMiner's Certi- 19. Every Gold Commissioner, upon payment of the sums hereinafter\nficate. mentioned, shall deliver to any person applying for the same, a certificate, to\n* \u00ab\/ X lit\/ CD w w*y\nbe called a Free Miner's Certificate, which may be in the following form :\u2014\nI\nDate,\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nFree Miner's Certificate, not Transferable.\nNo.-\nValid for years.\nThis is to certify that A.B., of - \u2014 has paid me this day the sum of\nand is entitled to all the rights and privileges of a Free Miner, for - IP year\nfrom the date thereof.\n(Signed) G. B.\nChief Gold Commissioner, or Gold Commissioner\n(as the case may be.\"\nCertificate for\none or three\nvears.\n20. Such Free Miner's Ceitificate shall, at the request of th\u00ab applicant,\nbe granted and continue in force for a period of one yea**, or three years, from\nCD X \u2022\/ v *\ntno date thereof, upon payment by such applicant, to the use of Her Majesty,\nof the sum of five dollars for one year, and fifteen dollars for three years.\nSuch certificate shall not be transferable, and only one person shall be\nThree days' named therein. And every holder of a certificate shali have three clear days\ncertificate ^ a^}er ^ie expiration thereof, and no longer, to renew the same.\nLost eertifi- 21. If any Free Miner's Certificate shall be accidentally destroyed or\nlost, the same may, upon evidence thereof and upon payment by the applicant of two dollars and fifty cents, be replaced by a true copy thereof, signed\nby the Gold Commissioner of the district wherein the original certificate was\nissued. Every such new Certificate shall be marked \"Substituted Certificate.\"\nrity be shewn in respect thereof every\nshall be evidence of all the\ncute.\n\u2014 f] nnlA\u00ab\u00ab fiomp mat fir\"\n\"iner s Certificat\njStna umess some material irre\noriginal or substituted Free Mil\nmatters therein contained.\nRight to enter 22. Every Free Miner shall during the continuance of his certificate,\nand no longer, have the right to enter and miue upon any of the waste lands\n\u00a9 i O 1 J\nof the Crown, not for the time being occupied by any Other person.\nOompeisation 23. In the event of such entry being made upon lands already lawfully\nto prior occfi- \u2022 j ,\u2022 xi \u00b1\\ , \\ t n \u201e \u201e .l*\npants occupied tor other than mining purposes, previous to entry full compensation\nshall be made to the occupant or owner for any loss or damages he may sustain by reason of any such entry : such compensation to be determined by\nV v ** 7 X v\nthe nearest stipendiary magistrate or Gold Commissioner, wifch or without a\niury of not less than five.\nm.us Dear ice 94. No person shall be recognized as having any right or interest in or\ntain cr.ses. to any mining claim or ditch, or any of the gold therein, unless he shall be, A#P8N:0\u00a5\u00a3.-\n93\nor in case of disputed ownership, unless he shall have been at the time of the\ndispute arising, a Free Miner.\nJPart III.\nRegistration of Claims and Free Miners' General Rights.\n85. Every Free Miner' locating a claim must record the same at the\nv CD\noffice of the Gold Commissioner of the district within which the same is\nsituated, within three days after the location thereof, if located within ten\nmiles of the said office. One additional day shall be allowed for such record\nfor every additional ten miles, or fraction thereof. Such record shall be\nmade in a book to be kept for the purpose, in which shall be inserted\nthe name of the claim, the name of each locator, the number of his certificate, the locality of the mine, the date of his recording the same, and such\nother matters and things as may be deemed requisite by the Gold Commis-\nsioner.\n2fi. All claims must be re-recorded annually, but any Free Miner\nshall, upon application, be. entitled to record his claim for a period of two or\nmore yeass, upon payment of the sum of two dollars and fifty cents for each\nand every year included in such record : and such record shall, without\n\u2022renewal, and for and during -the time therein mentioned, but for no further\nperiod, have the same force and effect as if the same had \"been recorded\nannually.\n27. It shall be lawful for the Gold Commissioner to demand from any\nMiner, applying to record a claim, the production of Ids'certificate, and upon\nhis neglect or refusal to produce the same, to refuse to record such claim or\ninterest therein.\n28. In case of any dispute, the title to claims will be recognized\naccording to the priority of registration, subject to any question which may\nbe-raised as to the validity of the record itself, and, subject further to the\ntetrms, conditions and privileges contained in Clause 25.\n29. No transfer of any claim, or of any interest therein, shall be\nenforceable, unless the same or some memorandum thereof shall be in writing,\nsighed by the transferrer, or bv his lawfully authorized agent, and registered\nCD 97 7 %\/ 1\/ O'V--*\nWith the Gold Commissioner.\n30. For every record made, and leave of absence granted, or any\nother matter or thing whatever relating to mining, for which a special fee\n' shall not have been provided, the Gold Commissioner shall charge a registration fee of two dollars and fifty cents as herein defined.\n31. The books of record shall, during reasonable hours, be open to\npublic inspection, and the sum of due dollar, and no more, shall be charged\nfor every search made therein.\n32. Every copy of, or extract from, any record or register kept under\nthis ordinance, and certified to be a true copy or extract, under the hand of\nthe Gold Commissioner or other person entrusted to take and keep such\nrecord or register, shall, in the absence of the original register, be receivable\nin any judicial proceeding as evidence of the matters and things therein\n%\/ %7 X 0 feet along the proposed main line or course of the Flume, with a notice affixed thereto statin^\nthe number of feet of ground claimed on either side of such main line.\nAnd it shall be competent to any Free Miner to protest before the Gold\nComm^sioner, within sttch times as, aforesaid, but not afterwards, against\nMeasurement,\nDeposit of\nleavings.\nconstitute a\ncompany.\nProtest. APFENDI3*\n97\n,such application being granted. Every application for a grant shall be\naccompanied by a deposit of one hundred and twenty-five dollars, which Fee of $125\nshall be refunded if the application be refused ; and if the application shall PayaDle\u00ab\noe entertained, then such sum of one hundred and twenty-five dollars shall\nbe retained and paid into the colonial treasury, for the use of Her Majesty,\nwhether the application be afterwards abandoned or not.\n61. Every such grant shall be in writing, signed by the Gold Com- Grant to be in\nu O O' O V \u2022 A*\t\n\u2022 '^\u2122 writing,\nmissioner. 8\n62. Bed-rock Flume Companies shall, upon obtaining such grant, be\nentitled to the following rights and privileges, that is to say :\u2014\n(a.) The rights of way through and entry upon any new and unworked Rights of way\nriver, creek, gulch, or ravine, and the exclusive right to locate and work a *pon*new 6SeS\nstrip of ground one hundred feet wide and two hundred feet long in the bed creeks,\nthereof, to each individual of the Company.\n(b.) The rights of way through and entry upon any river, creek, gulch Upon creeks\nor ravine worked by miners for any period longer than two vears prior to wor^ed two\ni -i-ii \u2022 m it i\" i i years and\nsuch entry, and already wholly or partially abandoned, and the exclusive over.\nright to stake out and work both the unworked and abandoned \"portions\nthereof, one hundred feet in width, and one quarter mile in length, for each\nindividual of the Company. On abandoned\njj (c.) And no person heretofore or hereafter locating unworked or aban- groun \u2022\ndoned ground within the limits of the said Company's ground, after the notice\nhereinbefore mentioned has been given, shall be held to have or to have had\nany right or title as against such Company to any ground so taken up by them. Interpretation\nid.) The words \" abandoned ground \" shall be construed to mean all new \u00b0* abandoned\nand unworked ground, and ground not legally held and represented within the\nmeaning of this ordinance. Upon creeks\n(e.) Such rights of way through and entry upon any rivers, creeks, and ^thin two\nravines, discovered within the two years next preceding the date of their years,\napplication before mentioned, and upon any portions of which four or more\nFree Miners are legally holding and bond fide working claims, as to the Gold\nCommissioner, may seem advisable. Rights of way\n(\/*.) The rights of way through and entry upon all claims which are at \\QVSl^ ^ei^\nthe time of the notice of application hereinbefore mentioned, bond fide and not and worked,\ncolourably worked by any Free Miner or Miners, for the purpose of cutting a\nchannel and laying their flume therein, with such reasonable space for constructing, maintaining, and repairing the flume as may be necessary. Provided\nthat the owners of such last mentioned claims shall be entitled to take and\nreceive the gold found in the cut or channel so made, but where any advantage\nequivalent to the cost of making the cut may accrue to the individual claim-\nholder, by reason of such flume being laid through the claim, the Bed-rock Flume\n7 v CD CD '\nCompany shall be entitled to the actual cost of making such cut to the bed-rock.\n(g.) The use and enjoyment of so much of the unoccupied and unappro- Right to use of\npriated water of the stream on which they may be located, and of other adjacent un.aPP|\u00b0-\nstreams, as may be necessary for the use of their flumes, hydraulic power, and\nmachinery to carry on their mining operations ; and they shall have their right\nof way for ditches and flumes to convey the necessary water to their works,\n%7 *7 v *\nthey being liable to other parties for any damage which may arise from running such ditch or flumes through or over their ground.\nCD CD CD\n(h.) The right to all the gold in their flumes. Gold in the\n63. The holders of-claims through which the line of the proposed flume 5,^me- \\ ,.\n\u00bb i ^ .\u00b0. , , , , , \\. r . ... Claim-holders\noi such Company runs, may, upon giving at least ten days notice m writing upongivingten\nof such their intentions to the Bed-rock Flume Company, put in a Bed-rock days' notice,\nFlume to connect With that of the Bed-rock Flume Company \u2022 but they shall Sj^0^!*\"10*\nmaintain the like grade, and build their flume as thoroughly, and of as flume,\nstrong materials, as are used by such Company.\n10\u201413 98\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\n\"Where so constructed and\nabandoned.\nNumber of feet\nto be completed within,\ncertain times.\nFree miners\nentitled to use\nflume for\ntailings.\nRegistration of\ngrant.\nBed-rock\nflumes\nchattels.\n64. Claim-holders so constructing their own flumes at their own expense,\nthrough their respective claims, shall also keep their flume clear of obstruction,\nand they shall be entitled to all the gold found therein, but they shall be subject to the same rules and regulations with regard to cleaning up the flume,\nrepairs and other matters in which both parties are interested, as may be\nadopted by such Bed-rock Flume Company; and such claim-holders shall\nhave the right at any time before the abandonment of their claim or claims,\nto become members of the Bed-rock Flume Company, by uniting their claims\nand flume wich the ground and flume of the Company, and taking an interest\nproportionate to that which they shall cede to the company j or should they\nso desire, they may abandon their claims and flume, and such abandonment\nshall enure to the use and benefit of the Bed-rock Flume Company.\n65. Every Bed-rock Flume Company shall, for each of the men constituting the same, construct and lay at least fifty feet of flume during the first\nyear, and 100 feet annually thereafter.\n6G. Any Free Miner or Miners lawfully working any claims where a\nBed-rock Flume may be constructed, shall be entitled to tail their' sl*Mces,\nhydraulics, and ground sluices into such flume, but so as not to obstruct the\nfree working of such flume by rocks, stones, boulders, or otherwise.\n67. All Bed-rock Flume Companies shall register their grant when\nobtained, and a registration fee of twenty-five dollars shall be charged therefor %\n7 CD %\/ o s\nand they shall also pay an annual rent of twelve dollars and fifty cents for each\nquarter of a mile of right of way legally held by such Company. No re-registration of a grant shall be necessary.\n68. Bed-rock Flumes and any interest or interests therein, and all\nfixtures are hereby declared to be personal property, and may be sold.\nV X X -L \\, * 97 J\nmortgaged, transferred, or otherwise dealt with as such.\nGold Commissioner may\ngrant rights of\nway through\nmining ground\nfor drains.\nApplication to\nbe in writing.\nTen clear days'\nnotice to be\ngiven.\nDeposit of $125\nGrants to be in\nwriting.\nCovenants.\nPart VI.\nDrainage of Mines.\n69. It shall be lawful for the Gold Commissioner to grant to any Free\nMiner, company of Free Miners, or joint stock companies, for any term not\nexceeding ten years, exclusive rights of way through andv entry upon any\nO V ' CD v CD *7 X 97\nmining ground in his district, for the purpose of constructing a drain or drains\nfor the drainage thereof.\n70. Every application for such grant shall be in writing, and shall state\n\u20227 X X CD O'\nthe names of the applicants, the nature and extent of the proposed drain or\ndrains, the amount of toll (if any) to be charged, and the privileges sought to\nbe acquired.\n71. Upon such application a notice, similar to that required upon application for the right of way for Bed-rock Flumes, shall be given.\n72. Every application for such grant shall be accompanied by a deposit\nof $125, which shall be refunded in case the application shall be refused by\nthe Government; and if the application* shall be entertained, then such sum\nof $125 shall be retained and paid into the Treasury of the Colony, to the use\nJ- 97 %7 7\nof Her Majesty, whether the application be afterwards abandoned or not.\n73. Such grants shall be made upon such conditions as the Gold Commissioner shall deem reasonable, and shall be embodied in writing.\n74c. The rights of way and entry above mentioned, the power to assess,\nlevy, and collect tolls (not exceeding in amount that mentioned in the application) from all Free Miners using such drain or benefited thereby, shall be\ngiven to the grantees.\nThe grantees shall also covenant therein as follows :\u2014\n(a.) That they will construct such drain or drains of sufficient size to\nmeet all requirements within a time (if any) therein named. APPENDIX,\n(b.) And have and keep the same in thorough working order and repair,\nand free from all obstructions, and in default thereof that the Gold Commissioner, for the time being, may order all necessary alterations or repairs to be\nmade by any Free Miners, other than the grantees, at the cost and expense of\nthe latter. Such cost and expense to be levied by sale (subject however to the\nconditions of the grant), of all or any part of the drainage works, materials,\nand tolls.\n(c.) That they will within a reasonable time construct proper tap drains\nfrom or into any adjacent claims, upon being required so to do by the owners\nthereof, and in default thereof suffer such parties to make them themselves,\nin which case such parties shall only be chargeable with one-half the usual\nrates of drainage toll, or such other proportion of toll as the Gold Commissioner shall in that behalf prescribe.\n(d.) That they will not in the construction and maintenance of such drains\nand tap drains, in any way, injure or damage the property of adjacent claim-\nholders, and in the event thereof, that they will make .good any damage so\nsustained.\n75. In the construction of drains to be used as tap drains only, three Tap-drains\ndays' notice given as above shall only be necessary.\n76. The Gold Commissioner alone, or if desired by either party, with Damages.\nthe assistance of a jury of five Free Miners, which he is hereby authorized to\nsummon for that purpose, may ascertain whether any and what compensation\nshall be paid for any damage which may be caused by any such entry or\nconstruction as aforesaid.\n77. Such grant shall be duly registered as hereinbefore provided, and Registration,\nthe sum of five dollars shall be charged therefor, save when such grant gives\nthe grantees the power and right of collecting tolls, in which case the sum of\ntwentv-five dollars shall, instead of five dollars, be paid as a registration fee.\nNo re-registration of any such grant shall be necessary. An annual rent of\ntwenty-five dollars for each quarter mile, and fraction thereof, shall be paid\nby Drain Companies collecting tolls, to the Gold Commissioner, such rent to\ncommence from the date of their grant.\nPart VII.\nMining Partnerships.\n78. All Mining Companies shall be governed by the provisions hereof,\nunless they shall have other and written articles of co-partnership, properly\nsigned, attested, and recorded.\n79. No mining co-partnership shall continue for a longer time than\none year, unless otherwise specified in writing by the parties; but such copartnership may be renewed at the expiration of each year.\n80. The business of co-partners herein referred to shall be mining, and\nsuch other matters as pertain solely thereto.\n81. A majority of the co-partners, or their legally authorized agents,\nmay decide the manner of working the claims of the co-partners, the number\nof men to be employed, and the extent and manner of levying assessments to\nX %\/ 7 97 \\D\ndefray the expenses incurred by the company. Such majority may also\nchoose a foreman or local manager, who shall represent the company, and sue\nand be sued in the name of the company for assessments and otherwise ; and\nhe shall have power, with the consent of a majority of the company, to bind\nthem by his contracts ; and the partnership or company name must be\ninserted in the record of the company's claims. Any co-partner, or his duly\nauthorized agent, shall be entitled to represent his interest in the co-partnership property to the extent thereof, by work and labor, and so long as such\nwork and labor shall be done and performed to the satisfaction of the\nCo-partnership rules if\nno articles are\ndrawn up.\nPartnership\nto continue\nfor one year.\nCo-partnership business\nto be mining.\nMajority of\nthe partners\ngovern.\nForeman. 100\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nA ssessments,\nwhen leviable.\nPenalty for\ndefault.\nNotice of Scale,\nand mode of\nsale.\nNotice of\nabandonment\nto be given.\nforeman. In the event of such workman being discharged by the foreman,\nthe Gold Commissioner, upon application to him, may summon the foreman\nbefore him, and upon hearing the facts, may make such order as he shall\ndeem just.\n82., During the time of working, all assessments when levied, shall\nO CD'\nbe payable within five days thereafter.\n83. In default of payment within such time, the debtor, after having\nreceived any notice specifying the amount due by him, shall, upon ^such\namount being ascertained by the Gold Commissioner to be correct, be personally liable to the company therefor, and his interest in the company, if\nso ordered, shall be sold by the Sheriff in the usual way, for the payment of\nthe debt and costs; and should the amount realized be insufficient to meet\nthe same, the Gold Commissioner shall have the power to issue an order,\ndirected to fhe Sheriff, to \"sell such other personal property (if any) belonging\nto the debtor as may be sufficient therefor.\n84. Notices of sale of such debtor's mining or other property, or such\npart thereof as shall suffice to pay the debt and costs, shall be conspicuously\nposted up ten clear days prior to the day of sale, in the vicinity of such\nmining or other property, and at the Court House nearest thereto. Such\nsale shall be by public auction, and the bidder offering to pay the amount\ndue for the smallest portion of the mining or other property, shall be entitled\nto such portion. The purchaser, on payment of the purchase money, shall\nacquire therein all the right and title of the debtor, and shall be entitled to\nthe immediate possession thereof. A bill of sale of the mining property so\nsold, signed by the Gold Commissioner, and duly recorded, shall confer a\ngood legal title thereto upon the purchaser.\n85. After a notice of abandonment in writing* shall have been served\non the foreman of the company by any member thereof, such abandonment\nshall be considered absolute, and operate as a discharge against all debts\ncontracted by the company after such notice has been given,\nand no such member shall be deemed to have abandoned such interest without\nhaving served such notice as aforesaid.\nRequirements.\nNot less than\nJ of full interest may be\nheld.\nAccounts of\ncompanies,\nhow to be\nkept.\nLimited Liability.\n86. Any mining company, composed of two or more Free Miners, may\nlimit the liabilities of its members, upon complying with the requirements\nfollowing, that is to say :\u2014\nUpon filing with the Gold Commissioner of the district a declaratory\nstatement, containing the name of the company, the area of the ground\nclaimed, the location of the claim, and the particular interest of each member\nof the company ; and also placing upon a conspicuous part of the claim, in\nlarge letters, the name of the company, followed by the word \"Registered.\"\nKJ 7 L 97 7 U CD\nAfter such conditions have been complied with, no member of such\ncompany shall be liable for any indebtedness accruing thereafter, exceeding\nan amount proportioned to his interest in tl\\e company.\n87. No person shall locate, purchase, hold, or enjoy less than one-\nfourth of one full interest of 100 feet, in any company so constituted.\nThis section shall not apply to gold quartz mining claims.\n8$. All mining companies so constituted shall keep a correct account\nof their assets and liabilities, together with the names of the shareholders, and\nthe interest held by each, and shall make out a monthly balance-sheet,\nV 7 %7 7\nshowing the names of the creditors, and the amounts due to each, and file\nthe same among the papers of the company ; and such balance-sheet and all\nthe books of the company shall be open to the inspection of creditors of the\ncompany at all reasonable hours, APPENDIX.\n101\n89. No member of such company shall, after a bill of sale conveying\nhis interest, or some portion thereof, has been duly recorded, or after notices\nof abandonment, in writing\/, of his interest shall have been left with the\nforeman of the company and the Gold Commissioner, be liable for any\nindebtedness of the company accruing thereafter.\n90. No such company shall declare any dividend until all liabilities\ndue shall have been paid.\n91. No such company shall be liable for any indebtedness contracted\nX *7 %7\nby any member thereof, other than its foreman or agent duly authorised.\n92. If any such company fail to comply with any of the foregoing\n\u00ab\/ X \u25a0\u00bb X %7 %7 O O\nprovisions, such company shall be liable to a fine of not less than twenty-five\ndollars, nor more than one hundred and twenty-five dollars.\n93. The Gold Commissioner in each mining district shall keep a book\nexclusively for the purpose, in which he shall record all declaratory statements filed in his office, and another book in which he shall record all notices\nof abandonment.\n94. There shall be paid to the Gold Commissioner, for the use of Her\nMajesty, upon the filing of each declaratory statement, the sum of two\ndollars and fifty cents \u2022 and upon the filing of each notice of abandonment,\nthe sum of one dollar, and no more.\n95. All other matters not herein provided for shall, as far as is\npracticable, be governed by the provisions of the \" Mining Joint Stock\nCompanies' Act, 1864,\" but nothing in the nine preceeding sections contained\nshall be construed so as to repeal or vary any of the prior or subsequent\nsections of this ordinance.\n96. In the case of any Mining Joint Stock Company, duly registered\nin this Colony under the provisions of the \" Mining Joint Stock Companies'\nAct, 1864,\" and not under this Ordinance, every shareholder of such company,\nthough not a Free Miner, shall be entitled to buy, sell, hold, or dispose of any\nmining shares therein, anything to the contrary notwithstanding herein\ncontained.\nCessation of\nindividual\nliability.\nWhen dividend may be\ndeclared.\nForeman only\nliable for\ndebts.\nPenalty for\nnon-compliance herein.\nDeclaratory\nstatement,\nhow filed.\nFee for filing.\nWhen in\nforce.\nWhen persons\nnot free,\nminers may\nhold interests\nin companies.\nPart VIII.\nA administration.\n97. In case of the death of any Free Miner, while registered as the\nholder of any mining property, his claim shall not be open to the occupation\nof any other person for non-working or non-representation, either after his\ndecease, or during the illness which shall have terminated in his decease.\n\/ O\n98. The Gold Commissioner shall in all such cases take possession of\n\u2022the mining property of the deceased, and may cause such mining property\nto be duly represented, or dispense with the same at his option; and he\nshall sell and dispose of the same by private sale, or, upon giving ten days'\nnotice thereof, by public auction, upon such terms as he shall deem j ust, and\nout of the proceeds pay all costs and charges incurred therein.\n99. The Gold Commissioner shall take into his custody and safe keeping,\nor order some person so to do, all the property of deceased miners until proper\nletters of administration be obtained.-\nDeceased ter-\nminers' in\nest.\nPower of Cold\nCommissioner.\nCustody of\nproperty of\ndeceased miner\nI\nPart IX.\nLeases.\nAll grants to\n100. All grants under this ordinance for any mining ground, ditch,\nprivileges, or otherwise, shall be in writing, in the form of a lease to be\nsigned by the Gold Commissioner, and by the grantees or lessees, 102\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nExcept otherwise expressed\nin this Ordinance.\nApplications\nmust be in duplicate.\nGround must\nbe marked out\nand notices\nposted up.\nDeposit of $125\nLeases for ten\nyears.\nDry Diggings.\nBar Diggings.\nQuartz Reefs\nunworkedi\nQuartz Reefs\nabandoned.\nReservation of\nrights of the\nCrown understood, also public Ways, &c.\nCrant to mine\nonly.\nCovenants by\nlessee.\n101. Save where the contrary is expressed in this Ordinance, the\nfollowing clauses shall apply :\u2014Applications for leases, accompanied by a plan\nof the proposed undertaking, are to be sent in duplicate to the Gold Commissioner of the district wherein the ground desired to be taken is situated,\nwho shall immediately forward it, with his report, to the Governor for his\nsanction, excepting in cases where the lease does not exceed five years ; but\nthe ground shall be secured to the applicant until the Governor's decision has\nbeen received. Prior to such application, the ground applied for shall be\nmarked out by posts of the legal size, and written notice of application, signed\nby the applicant, shall be fixed to any post nearest to mining claims then being\nworked. A copy of such notice shall also be put up at the Gold Commissioner's office.\n102. Every application for a lease shall be accompanied by a deposit of\nof one hundred and twenty-five dollars', which shall be refunded if the\napplication be refused ; and if it be entertained, such sum of one hundred and\ntwenty-five dollars shall be retained and paid into the treasury of the Colony,\nfor the use of Her Majesty, whether the application be afterwards abandoned\nor not.\n103. Leases will not in general be granted for a longer term than ten\nCD CD CD\nyears, or for a quantity of ground greater than that herein prescribed, that,\nis to say :\u2014\nIn Dry Diggings, ten acres.\nIn Bar Diggings, unworked, half a mile in length along the high watermark.\nOO CD ' 7 CD CD O\nIn Bar diggings worked and abandoned, one mile and-a-half in length\nOO O J \u2022 o\nalong the high water* mark.\nCD CD I\nIn Quartz Reefs, unworked, half a mile in length.\nIn Quartz Beefs, worked and abandoned, one mile and a half in length.\nWith liberty in the two last cases to follow the spurs, dip3, and angles\non and within the surface for two hundred feet on each side of the main lead\nor seam.\n104. Leases as above will not in general be granted of any land,\nalluvium or quartz, which shall be considered to be immediately available for\nbeing woirked by Free Miners as holders of individual claims. Nor will such\na lease be granted in any case where individual Free Miners are in previous\nactual occupation of any part of the premises unless by their consent.\n105. Every such lease shall, without expressing the same, be understood\nto contain a reservation of all rights of the Crown, and all reasonable provisions for securing to the public, rights of way and water, save in so far as\nO J- 7 CD 97 7\nshall be necessary for the minerlike working of the premises thereby\n\u2022\/ CD X \u2022\/\ndemised. The premises demised shall be granted for mining purposes only,\nand it shall not be competent to the lessee to assign or sub-let the same or\nany part thereof, without the previous licence in writing of the Gold Commissioner. Every such lease shall contain a covenant by the lessee to mine\nthe said premises in a minerlike way, and also, if it shall be thought fit, to\nX *7 * 7 CD 7\nperform the works therein defined within a time therein limited. And it shall\nalso contain a clause by virtue whereof the said lease may be avoided, provided that the lessee shall refuse or neglect to observe and perform all or\nany of the covenants therein contained.\nPart X.\nDitches.\nGold Com- 106. It shall be lawful for the Gold Commissioner, upon the application\nSantditchpr? hereinafter mentioned, to grant to any person for any term not exceeding five\nvileges for ten years, the right to divert and use the water from any creek, stream, or lake,\nyears. a^ anv particular part thereof, and the rights of Way through and entry upon APPENDIX.\n103\nDeposit of $125\nto be paid.\nbe in writing.\nGold Commissioner may\nrefuse or modify grant.\nGrants to be\nsubject to Free\nMiners' rights.\nDamageswhen\nto be paid.\nany mining ground in his district, for the purpose of constructing ditches and\nflumes to convey such water.\n107. Ten days' notice thereof shall be given, by affixing the same to Notice to be\nsome conspicuous part of the ground, and a copy thereof upon the walls of the given-\nGold Commissioner's office of the District, and it shall be competent to any\nFree Miner to protest before the Gold Commissioner within such ten days, but\nnot afterwards, against such application being wholly or partially granted.\n108. Every application for a grant of water exceeding 300 inches shall\nbe accompanied by a deposit of one hundred and twenty-five dollars which\nshall be lefunded in case the application shall be refused by the Government;\nand if the application be entertained, then such sum of one hundred and\ntwenty-five dollars shall be retained and paid into the Colonial Treasury, for the\nuse of Her Maiesty, whether the application be afterwards abandoned or not.\n*J 97 7 XX\n109. Every application for such rights shall be in writing, and shall Application to\nstate the names of the applicants, the name of the stream or lake to be\ndiverted, the point of diversion, or ditch head, the quantity of water to be\ntaken, the locality for its distribution, and the price (if any) to be charged to\nFree Miners or others for the use of such water, and the time neoessary for\n7 9j\nthe completion of the ditch.\n110. The Gold Commissioner, upon protest being entered, or for reasonable cause, shall have power to refuse or modify suoh application or grant.\n? .1 97 x x O\n111. Every grant of a ditch or water privilege in occupied creeks, shall\nbe subject to the right of such registered Free Miners as shall at the time of\nsuch grant be working on the stream above or below the ditch head, and of\nany other person or persons whatsoever who are then in any way lawfully\nusing such water, for any purpose whatsoever.\n112. If, after the grant aforesaid has been made, any Free Miner locate\nand bona fide work any mining claim below the ditch head, on any stream so\n' 97 CD 7 i\ndiverted, he shall, upon paying to the owner of the ditch, and all other\npersons, compensation equal to the amount of damage sustained, be entitled\nto such quantity of wates to work his claim, as he may require. And in computing such damages, the expense of the construction of the ditch, the loss or\ndamage sustained by any claim or claims then using and depending upon the\nwater conveyed in the ?aid ditch, and all other losses reasonably sustained\nshall be considered.\n113. No person shall be entitled to any grant of the water of any stream\nmined for the purpose of selling the water to present or future claim-holders\non any part of such stream. The Gold Commissioner may, however, in his\ndiscretion grant such privileges as he may deem just, when such ditch is\nintended to work bench or hill claims fronting on any such stream, provided\nthat the rights of Free Miners then using the water so applied for be in all\nO CD XX\nsuch cases protected.\n114. The Gold Commissioner shall have power, whenever he may deem\nit advisable, to order the enlargement or alteration of any ditch or ditches,\nand to fix what (if any) compensation shall be paid by the parties to be\nbenefited by such alteration or enlargement.\n\u00ab\/ O\n115. Every owner of a ditch or water privilege shall be bound to take\nall reasonable means for utilizing the water granted and taken by him. And\nif any such owner shall wilfully take and waste any unreasonable quantity\nof water he shall be charged with the full rent as if he had sold the same at\na full price. And it shall be lawful for the Gold Commissioner, if such offence\nis persisted in, to declare all rights to the water forfeited.\n116. It shall be lawful for the owner of any ditch or water privilege\nto distribute for use the water conveyed by him to such persons, and on such\nterms as he may deem advisable, within the limits mentioned in their application : Provided always that the owners of any ditch or water privilege\nGrants not to\nbe made in certain cases.\nGold Commissioner may\nregulate size\n&c. of ditches.\nWaste of\nwater not permitted.\nWater how to\nbe distributed\nby grantee.\ni BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nRent of $5 per\nannum on fifty\ninches of\nwater.\nGeneral\nregulations.\nRules for\nmeasuring\nwater.\nNotice of\ncatering registered claim to\nbe given.\nRules'for\ndiverting or\ncrossing\nditches.\nGold Commissioner to settle\ncompensation\ntherefor,\nand to give\ncertificate of\nauthority.\nto l\u00bbe recorded,\nand to be\nsufficient in.\nlaw courts..\nshall be bound to supply water to all applicants being Free Miners, in a fair\nproportion, and shall not demand more from one person than another, except\nwhere the difficulty of supply is enhanced.\n117. Unless otherwise specially arranged, an annual rent of five\ndollars shall be paid for every fifty inches of water used for mining purposes,\nwhen not sold, and when sold, the rent to be paid for any water privilege\nshall be in each month one average day's receipts from the sale thereof, to be\nestimated by the Gold Commissioner, with the assistance, if he shall so think\nfit, of a jury, v\n118. Any person desiring to bridge across any stream, or claim, or\nother place, for any purpose, or to mine under or through any ditch or flume,\nor to carry water through or over any land already occupied by any other\nperson, may, in proper cases, do so with the sanction of the Gold Commissioner.\nIn all such cases the right of the party first in possession, whether of the\nmine or of the water privilege, is to prevail, so as to entitle him to compensation and indemnity, if the same be just.\n119. In measuring water in any ditch or sluice, the following rules\nshall be observed :\u2014\nThe water taken into a ditch shall be measured at the ditch head, with a\npressure of seven inches. No water shall be taken into a ditch except in a\ntrough placed horizontally at the place at which the water enters it. The\naperture through which the water passes shall not be more than ten inches\nhigh. The same mode of measurement shall be applied to ascertain the quantity of water running out of any ditch into any other ditch or flume.\n%7 CD v J\n120. Whenever it shall be intended in forming or upholding any ditch,\nto enter upon and occupy any part of a registered claim, or to dig or loosen\nany earth or rock, within four feet of any ditch not belonging solely to the\n97 7 9j CD ~ CD J\nregistered owner of such claim, three days notice in writing of such intention\nshall be given before entering or approaching within four feet of such other\nproperty.\n'\"lzl. Any person heretofore or hereafter engaged in the construction of\nv X CD CD\nany road or work may, with the sanction of the Gold Commissioner, cross,\ndivert, or otherwise interfere with any ditch, water privilege, or other\nmining rights 'whatsoever, for such periods as the said Commissioner shall\ndirect.\n122. The Gold Commissioner shall order what (if any) compensation for\nevery such damage or interference shall be paid, and when, and to whom, and\nwhether any and what works damaged or affected by such interference as\naforesaid, shall be replaced by flumes or otherwise repaired, and in what\nmanner, by the person or persons inflicting any such damage.\n123. Upon compliance with the requirements aforesaid, the Gold\nCommissioner shall certify in writing under his hand that the person or\npersons named therein were duly authorized to create the damage or interference aforesaid, and have duly fulfilled the requirements herein mentioned,\nand have also duly satisfied and discharged all damages by him or them\n97 CD CD J\noccasioned to any persons whatsoever, in respect of the damage or interference\n97 Xt ' X CD\nreferred to.\n124. Every such certificate shall be recorded by the said Gold Com-\nmissioner, in a book to be kept by him for that purpose at his office, and shall\nbe at all times open to inspection, upon payment of a fee of one dollar for\nevery inspection.\n125. Every such certificate so recorded shall be sufficient evidence in\nany court of iudicature in the Colony, of all matters and things therein\n*\/ 9j 97 7 Q\ncontained or referred to, and shall discharge the person or persons to or for\nwhom the same is granted, from all liability with respect to the damage or\ninterference therein mentioned. m\nAPPENDIX.\n105\nwren any buuu u.a>uj\u00bbiiv3 v-\u00ab- iuiui*w.u\"v\u00ab ^v^ ^viu.n.i.\u00abj \u2022.^^.^. ^.^.v.j.^ v.uu^jivu\njudgment shall be final and without appeal,\\in all cases where such decish\nor judgment shall be given in respect of any sum or matters at issue, t\n126. The Gold Comnnssioner shall, upon the application of any party Gold Commis-\ninterested therein, and after notice as hereinafter mentioned to all whom it cid^disputes,\nmay concern, inquire into and decide all matters arising out of or connected\nwith any such damage or interference as aforesaid, and such decision or\non\nthe\namount or value whereof, which shall be stated in the decision, shall not\nexceed $500.\n127. In cases where such amount or value shall exceed $500, any Appeal may\nnartv ald Commissioner, shall be deemed good and sufficient\nnotice for all purposes under this Ordinance.\n132. Nothing herein contained shall be eonstrued to limit the right of \u00a7\u00bb*es Public\nthe Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works to lay out from time to time the\npublic roads of the Colony, across, through, along, or under any ditch, water\nprivilege, or mining right, in any unsurveyed Crown Land, without compensation, doing as little damage as conveniently may be in laying out the\nsame.\nPart XL\nMining Boards and their Constitution.\n133. Upon petition, signed by not less than one hundred and one Free Coaatituti\nners in any district, it shall be lawful for the Gold Commissioner acting boards\non-\nMine\nfor such district, to constitute therein a local board, to be called **' The Mining\nBoard.\"\n134. The Mining Board shall consist of nine members, who shall retire Their number\nannually, and shall be elected by the votes of the inhabitants\nwho are Free Miners at the. titne of the election.\n10- -U\nof the district.\nand elections, 106\nMember's\nqualification.\nVoter's quali-\nficatijn.\nGold Commii-\nsioner to bt returning officer.\nVacancy of\nmembership\nAbsence from\nMeeting.\nVacancies in\nthe Board.\nPower to make\nby-laws, &c.,\nwhich must be\napproved by\nthe Governor.\nMajorities.\nMining Board\nMeetings.\n1\nVote3 Oral.\nMode of conducting the\nproceedings.\nPower to the\nGovernor to\ndissolve any\nMining Boartr.\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\n135. No Fiee Miner or other person shall be eligible as a candidate,\nunless he shall have been a registered owner of a mining interest in the\ndistrict, for at least three months previous to the election.\n13G. Each voter shall have nine votes, but shall not be allowed to give\nmore than one vote to each candidate.\n137. The votes of the electors shall be given in person by the voter,\nCD X *7 *\nand the Gold Commissioner of the district shall act as the returning officer.\nO 7\nand shall decide all questions as to qualification and disqualification of the\nmembers elect; The first election shall take place on such day as the Gold\nCommissioner may appoint.\n138. If any member shall cease to be a registered Free Miner in the\ndistrict, or shall be convicted of any misdemeanor, or felony, or of any wilful\nand malicious contravention of this Ordinance, or of any by-law in force in\nthe district, he shall ipso facto vacate his seat in each case, and not be re-\neligible, save that a member vacating his seat, only by reason of ceasing to be\nO * CD ' 97 *7 O\na registered Free Miner, shall be again eligible at any time upon his becoming\na registered Free Miner.\n139. Whenever any member shall absent himself from three or more\nconsecutive meetings of the board, whether regular or adjourned meetings,\nhe shall, Upon a resolution passed by the Board to that effect, be considered\nto have vacated his seat therein.\n110. The Gold Commissioner shall fill by appointment all vacancies\nwhich may arise in the said Board, when the\" same may occur, and such\nappointees shall hold office until the next general election.\n111. The Mining Board shall, subject to the previous provisions hereof,\nhave power by resolution to make by-laws, which shall be submitted for the\napproval of the Gold Commissioner, (any by-laws so approved by the Gold\nCommissioner, shall be immediately posted in the Gold Commissioner's\nOffice), and also from time to time to suggest any alteration or repeal of\nexisting laws for regulating the size of claims and sluices, the mode in which\nclaims may be worked, held, and forfeited, and all other matters relating to\nV * 7 Q\nmining in the district: and any by-laws so made shall be binding in such\nK-7 * . 97 97 J*y\ndistrict, until the same shall have been disapproved by the Governor.\n142. Any resolution of such Mining Board may be passed by a bare\nmajority of the members of such Board. The Gold Commissioner shall,\nwithin seven days after the receipt of the copy of any such resolution,\nsigned by the Chairman of the Board, concerning any by-law or general\n^D 97 CD v v 9^D\nregulation which he shall on any grounds deem expedient to lay before\nthe Governor, make and send a fair copy thereof signed by such Gold\nCommissioner, with his opinion thereon.\n143. The Mining Board shall* meet at such times as a majority of the\nsaid Board shall decide, -and one-half of the members of the said Board shall\nconstitute a quorum. Provided, nevertheless, that it shall be lawful for the\nGold Commissioner, and so often as in his opinion occasion shall require, to\ncall together such Mining Board.\n144. The votes on all resolutions of the Mining Board shall be given\nby the members personally, and by word of mouth.\nx145. All questions of order, and of the time and manner of conducting\nthe business of such Mining Board, ana of the times and places of meeting\nafter the first meeting thereof, may be decided by the majority of the said\nMining Board, either from time to time as any questions shall arise, or by\nany fixed rules, and others as may be thought advisable.\n146. It shall be lawful for the Governor, by an order under the Public\nSeal of the Colonv, at any time to declare the Mining Board in any district\n97 7 97 Q\"> J\ndissolved, at a day to be named in such order, and if no day be therein\nnamed in that behalf, then as from the date of such order. APPENDIX.\n107\nPart XII.\nPenal Clauses and Clauses of Indemnity.\n147. Any person wilfully or unlawfully acting in contravention of this\nv X v \u00ab\/ CD\nOrdinance, or of any by-law, rnle, or regulation, to be established by virtue of\nthis Ordinance, or refusing to obey any lawful order of the Gold Commissioner,\nshall, on being summarily convicted before any Justice of the Peace or Gold\nCommissioner, be liable to a fine not exceeding $250, or to an imprisonment\nnot exceeding three months.\n148. All penalties imposed under this Ordinance may be recovered\nforthwith, or at any such reasonable interval after conviction, and non-payment as shall be allowed, by distress and sale of any mining or other personal\nproperty of the offender.\n149. All fines and fees whatsoever payable under this Ordinance,\nexcept otherwise expressly appropriated, shall be paid into the Treasury of\nthe Colony, as portion of the revenue thereof, to the use of Her Majesty, Her\nHeirs, and Successors.\n150. Any person convicted and sentenced to any term of imprisonment\nbeyond tliirty days, or to pay any fine beyond $100 over and above the costs\nof conviction, may appeal to the Supreme Court of Civil Justice; provided\nthat such person do, within forty-eight Jhours after such conviction, enter into\nrecognizance with two sufficient sureties, conditioned personally to appear to\ntry such appeal, and to abide the further judgment of the court, and to pay\nsuch costs as shall be by such last mentioned court awarded. And the convicting Gold Commissioner may bind over any witness or informant under\nsufficient recognizances to attend and give evidence at the hearing of such\nO O CD\nappeal.\n151. On any such appeal, no objections shall be allowed to the conviction on any matter of form or insufficiency of statement, provided it shall\nappear to the said Supreme Court, that the defendant has been sufficiently\ninformed of the charge made against him, and that the conviction was proper\non the merits of the case. \/\n152. Any person who shall wilfully damage, destroy, or alter any Free\nMiners' Certificate, or who shall falsely pretend that he is the person named\ntherein^ or who shall wilfully destroy or falsify any of the records and registers\nhereby directed to be kept, shall be euilty of felony, 'and being duly convicted\n97 X 7 CD 97 v J 1-7 v\nthereof, shall be liable, at the discretion of the Supreme Court of Civil\nJustice, to penal servitude for not more than ten years.\n153. Any person who shall steal, or sever with intent to steal, any\ngold or gold dust from any claim, or from any ground comprised in any lease\ngranted under this Ordinance, shall be guilty of felony, and being convicted\nthereof, shall be liable to be punished in the same manner as in case of larceny.\n154. Any person who shall with intent to defraud his co-partner (or in\ncases of agency, his principal) in any ^laim, secrete, keep back, or conceal any\ngold found in such claim, shall be guilty of felony, and upon conviction\nthereof, shall be punished in the same manner as if he had feloniously stolen\nthe same.\n155. Nothing herein contained shall, save where such intention is\nexpressly stated, be so construed as to affect prejudicially any mining rights\nand interests acquired prior to the passing of this Ordinance ; and all rights\nand privileges heretofore and hereunder acquired shall, without the same being\nexpressly stated, be deemed to be taken and held subject to the rights of Her\nMajesty, Her Heirs and Successors, and to the public rights of way and\nwater of this Colony.\n156. This Ordinance may ba cited for all purposes as \"The Gold\nMining Ordinance, 1867,\"\nSummary\npower in cases\nofdisobedience\nPenalties how\nrecovered.\nAll fines and\nfees to be paid\ninto the\nTreasury.\nAppeal to the\nSupremeCourt\nin Criminal\nand Summary\nCases.\nNo merely\nformal objec*\ntion allowed.\nCertain\noffences.\nFelony.\nStealing gold\ndust from\nclaim felony.\nDefrauding\nco-partner or\nprincipal\nfelony.\nSaves existing,\nmining rights.\nShort Title, 108\nBRITISH COLUMBIA,\nn\nAPPENDIX P.\nPreamble.\nAN ORDINANCE TO FACILITATE THE WORKING OF\nMINERAL LANDS.\n[10th March, 1869.}\nVVTHEREAS n> is expedient to develope the resources of the colony by\naffording facilities for the effectual working of silver, lead, tin,\ncopper, coal, and other minerals, other than gold :\nBe it enacted by the Governor of British Columbia, with the advice and\nconsent of the Legislative Council thereof, as follows :\u2014\n1. From and after the proclamation in this Colony of Her Majesty's\nAssent to Act, assent to this Ordinance, every person, or association, or company of persons\nall mineral ^u~.~ \u00bb.~. -l n i r i S i o -i vi 'n \u00b1.i i_\nlandBopen for whomsoever, snail be free to enter and explore for silver and all the baser\nmining. metals and minerals, including coal, in and under the mineral lands herein-,\nafter defined, subject nevertheless to the provisions and conditions of this Ordinance, and any other regulations affecting the acquisition and tenure thereof,\nwhich may from time to time hereafter be prescribed by law.\nProspecting 2. Every person, association of parsons, or company, desirous of acquir-\nAf ter Queen's\n1\niicense lor two ing a mine or mining claim under this Ordinance, shall, before entering into\n\u00bb\u2014r O 7 7 O\nyears,\nIan I office.\npossession of the particular part of the said mineral lands he or they may\nwish to acquire and work for minerals, make application in writing to the\nAssistant Commissioner of Lands and' Works for the district within which\nthe land required is situate, for a prospecting license over such land, for any\nterm not exceeding two years from the date of such application.\n. v . , 3* Every such applicant shall give to such Assistant Commissioner the\nApplicant to J ri .. \u00bb, i \u2022 i i \u2022 \u00abi\nsend place and best practicable written description of the plot of land over which the privilege\ndescription to is sought, after having located the same, together with a proper plan or diagram\nthereof shewing the position of the boundary posts to be set up by the applicant in and upon the land, and by stating in the description any other land\nmarks of a noticeable character ; and such application and plans shall be in\n7 XL X\nduplicate, one of which shall be filed of record in the office of the said Assistant\nX }\nCommissioner at the time of its. being received by liim, and the other\nO 97 '\ntransmitted forthwith by the said Assistant Commissioner to the Chief Com-;\nmissioner of Lands and Works, and retained by him for general reference.\n4. Every piece of land sought to be acquired under the provisions of\nthis Ordinance shall, save as hereinafter mentioned, be of a rectangular shape,\nand the shortest line thereof shall be at least two-thirds the length of the\nlongest line.\n5. Where the land sought to be acquired is in whole or in part bounded\nby mountain's, rocks, lakes, swamps, or the margin of a river, or by other\nnatural boundaries, then\nboundaries o\nShape of land.\nNatural boundaries may be\nadopted in\ncertain cases.\nLines of adja\ncent claims\nmay be\nadopted.\nuch natural boundaries may be adopted as the\nf the land sought to he acquired, and in such case it shall be\nsufficient for the claimant to show to the satisfaction of the Assistant Commissioner of the district that the said form conforms as nearly as circumstances\npermit to the provisions of this Ordinance.\n6. If the land sought to be acquired be bounded by land already held\nn x 97 \u2022>\n.under this Ordinance, the line of such land may be adopted by the person so\nseeking to acquire, notwithstanding any irregularity in such line, which may\nhave been occasioned bv the adoption of a natural boundary by the claimant\nof the adjacent land, APPEND] S.\nlot\n7. Where a piece of land is partially or entirely enclosed between two Enclosed\nor more claims, the claimant may acquire such enclosed piece, notwithstand- adopted11 not^\ning any irregularity of form or disproportion in length of any of the sides. withstanding\n8. No applicant shall be entitled to receive a prospecting license until any irregu-\nhe shall have proved to the satisfaction of the said Assistant Commissioner, Application *\nthat before making such application he has caused a written or printed notice for prospee-\nof his intention to apply for such a license to be posted on some conspicuous tm\u00ab license.\npart of the land applied for by him, and of any adjacent (if any) sett or\nmining claim, and on the Court House of the district (if any) for fourteen\nclear days, or if the ground applied for, or any part thereof, has been previously recorded, then for one calendar month previous to his application, and\nthat no valid opposition to his claim has been substantiated before the said\nAssistant Commissioner, as hereinafter mentioned.\n9. Such Assistant Commissioner is hereby empowered and required, On proof of\nupon receiving satisfactory proof of the said applicant having complied with5^^^^^\nthe preliminary requirements in that behalf hereinbefore contained, to grant license teiBsue.\nto such applicant a prospecting license as aforesaid.\n10. Every applicant, upon proving to the satisfaction of such Assistant Extension\nCommissioner that he has bona fide explored or worked for coal (or other thereof,\nminerals, as the case may be) during the said term of two years, shall be en-\n' 97 \/ CD 97 7\ntitled to an extension of the said term for a second period of one year, and\nsuch further time as the Governor shall think fit.\n11. A prospecting license may include within the general limits Quantity of\ntherein defined, the following quantities of mineral land, that is to say:\u2014 . ,. mcmaeu\n' \u00a9 *\u25a0 * in, license\n(1.) In the case of a prospecting license for coal alone, not exceeding 500\nacres to each individual applicant, or 2,500 acres to any Association or Company consisting of not less than ten persons.\n(2.) In the case of a prospecting license for any other minerals than coal\nor gold, not exceeding 100 acres to each individual applicant, or 500 acres to\nany association or company consisting of not less than ten perspnS.\nOut of the above lands the licensee may, at or before the expiration of Licensee may\nsuch license, or of any prolongation thereof, select for purchase the portion of ^r e8and>\nuntil the determination of such his or their holding, and for the purpose of timber. no\nPriority of\nrecord,\npriority of\nright.\nQuantity of\nland in Crown\nGrant.\nCoal.\nProspecting\nlicense to\ninclude right\nof road or\nrailway to sea.\nCompensation\nto parties\naffected.\nAmount how\ndetermined.\nCommissioner's certificate\nof amount\nfinal.\nSaving of\nright to make\nany public\nroads over\nlands derived\nfrom the\nCrown.\nOther\nminerals.\nBPJTISH COLUMBIA.\nmore effectually carrying on mining operations on the premises, be entitled to\nthe free use, without compensation, of a reasonable quantity of any unoccupied and unappropriated stone, sand, lime, and timber which may be on the\npremises included in. such license, and may erect such buildings and\nmachinery, and make and use such roads and works, within such limits,\nas he shall find necessary for the profitable conduct of his or their mining\nv X CD\noperations.\n15. In case of any dispute, the right or,title to or in a prospecting\ning license, and the possession of any claim or privilege under this Ordinance,\nwill be recognized according to the priority of record or registration with the\nAssistant Commissioner,,subject to any question which may be raised as to\nthe validity of the record itself.\n16. The quantity of mineral land for coal mining to be granted to any\nlicensee duly applying for a Crown Grant, and fulfilling the conditions hereinafter in that behalf more particularly mentioned, will be for each Association\nor Company of ten or more persons not exceeding 1,000 acres, selected out of\nthe premises included in such license.\n17. It shall *be lawful for the Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works\nand Surveyor General, upon proof to his satisfaction of the necessity of such\ngrant, and upon approval by him of the plan and sections of the proposed\nworks, which must be submitted to him, and with the sanction of the*\nGovernor, to give to any person, association, or company holding a prospecting license or Crown grant under this Ordinance, by any writing under\nthe hand of such Commissioner, a right of way for a road, canaj, or\nrailway, from his mining claim to the sea shore, or other line of commu-\nnication, for any purpose connected with such licensee's or grantee's\nmining operations, with full power, by himself or themselves, his or their\nagents, servants, and workmen, aud with and without horses, cattle, boats,\nwaggons, carriages, or other conveyances, to enter upon, across, and into any\nlands or waters between the premises included in such license or Crown grant,\nand such shore, river, or other line of communication, upon paying reasonable\ncompensation to the owner of such intermediate land for the portions so taken,\nor for the use so made.\n18. The amount, time, and manner of such compensation, and the mode\nof distribution thereof among the parties claiming to be entitled thereto,\nshall, upon the application of either party, be fixed by the Assistant Commissioner of the district, and at his discretion, either with or without a jury,\nconsisting of not less than three, nor more than five, persons, which he is\nhereby empowered to summon for the purpose.\n19. The decision of such Assistant Commissioner or jury (as the case\nmay be), certified under the hand and seal of such Commissioner, shall be final,\nand without appeal; and every such certificate shall be prima facie evidence,\nfor all purposes whatsoever, of all the matters and things therein contained,\nin all courts of the Colony.\n20. Provided that nothing herein contained shall be deemed or taken\nto limit or affect the right of the said Chief Commissioner acting on behalf of\nO CD\nthe Crown, to lay out and make public highways in or over such intermediate\nlands or matters aforesaid, or other lands, whenever it shall be deemed for\nthe public interest to create, alter, or maintain public highways, or to vary\nthe same, through lands derived from the Crown.\n21. The quantity of mineral land to be granted for minihg for all metals\nand minerals, other than coal and gold, to any licensee duly applying for a\nCrown grant, and fulfilling the conditions hereinafter in that behalf more\nparticularly mentioned, shall, for each individual applicant, not exceed three\nchains long by two chains wide ; and for each Association or Company of ten\npersons shall not exceed thirty chains long by six chains wide. APPISNDIX,\n111\n22. Before any such Crown grant shall issue, the licensee applying for\nthe same shall:\u2014\n(a.) Leave with the said Assistant Commissioner of Lands and Works,\nand post on \u00aba conspicuous part of the premises sought for, and on the Court\nHouse of the said district, if any, for at least two calendar months previous\nto the record of his application for such Crown grant, and prior to the expiration of the term included in iris licence, or any prolongation thereof, a notiee\nof his intention to apply for such Crown grant, with a diagram of the\npremises; and shall, for the same space, publish such notice in the Government Gazette, and a newspaper published nearest to the said mine and\npremises.\n(b.) The said Assistant Commissioner shall thereupon post such notice in\nhis office, for a period of two calendar months.\n(c.) The said Assistant Commissioner shall (if no adverse claim be filed\nwith him, or if filed, shall have been finally decided), give a certificate to\nsuch licensee to that effect.\n(d.) Upon the application of the licensee, and delivery of such certificate,\nthe Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works and Surveyor General, shall\nt\/ 7\nupon payment to him by the said applicant of such amounts as the said Chief\nCommissioner may estimate as the probable cost of surveying such premises,\ncause a survey and plan thereof to be made, to be endorsed with his approval,\ndesignating such land by its number on the official records, with the estimated\nvalue of the improvements and labor expended on the said land.\n23. Upon proof, satisfactory to the said Chief Commissioner, of compliance with the aforegoing provisions, and payment of the amounts next\nhereinafter in that behalf prescribed, together with the balance (if any)\nremaining unpaid of the actual cost of survey, a Crown grant shall be issued\nby the said Chief Commissioner to the licensee applying for the same.\n24. For coal lands the price shall be as follows :\u2014\nFor any quantity up to and including one thousand acres, at the rate of\nfive dollars per acre; provided that on proof, to the satisfaction of Government, that 10,000 dollars has been beneficially expended on any land held\nunder prospecting license for coal, a grant of 1,000 acres of the land included,\nin such prospecting license, shall be issued to the company holding such prospecting license, without payment of the upset price of such land..\n25. For mineral lands containing other than coal and gold, the price\nshall be as follows:\u2014\nFor any quantity of land not exceeding three chains long by two chains\nwide, the sum of $100, together with the costs of survey; for any quantity\nof land not exceeding thirty chains long by six chains wide, in the case of * a\nCD v CD v 7\ncompany of not less than ten persons, the sum of $250, together with the\ncosts of survey.\n26. Upon proof satisfactory to the Chief Commissioner of Lands and\nWorks and Surveyor General, or other the person appointed for the time being\nin that behalf by the Governor, and a certificate in writing from such Commissioner, or other person, to the effect that any licensee or licensees applying for\na Crown grant, has expended in bona fide mining for minerals, other than\ncoal and gold in and under the sett or mining claim for a grant of which he\nO CD CD\nis applying, to the extent of not less in any case than $1,000, or (if an association or company of three or more persons) of not less than $5,000, it shall be\nlawful for a Crown grant to issue to such person, association, or company,\nwithout the payment of any, or of only a portion, of the upset price\nherein fixed for the land to be included in such grant, should the Governor\nin his discretion so determine.\n27. Upon the said survey, or at any time before the actual issue of any\nCrown grant under this Ordinance, it shall be lawful for' the Chief Commis-\nPreliminaries\nto Crown\ngrant.\nIssue of\nCrown grantl\nPrice of and\ncontaining\neoal.\nOther\nminerals.\nRemission of\nprice on proof\nof effectual\nwork for baser\nminerals..\nRectification\nof boundaries. 112\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nAdverse\nclaimants.\nCrown grant\nan indefeasible\ntitle.\nAssistant\nCommissioner\nmay decide\ndisputes.\nHis jurisdiction and\npowers*\nForms for\nproceedings.\nNotice.\nInjunction.\nJury.\nAppeal to\nSupreme\nCourt.\nsioner of Lands and Works anl Surveyor General, or liis agent, or oilier\nperson specially authorized by the Governor, in writing, in that behalf, upon\npayment of the actual expenses connected therewith, to rectify boundaries,\nand to settle finally, on. the spot, any dispute which -may from time to time\narise, as to the actual or proper boundaries between adjacent or conflicting\nmining claims under this Ordinance. Every such decision, expressed in\nWriting, and filed of record in the Head Lands and Works Office, with a plan\nor diagram of the proper boundaries as rectified, shall be final and without\nappeal, any rule of law or equity to the contrary notwithstanding, and shall\nbe evidence in all courts in the Colony, of the several matters and things\ntherein continued.\n28. Whenever any adverse claimants to a mine or mining claim, under\nthis Ordinance as aforesaid (in any other respect than as to boundaries, as\nnext hereinbefore mentioned), shall appear before the approval of the survey\nby the Lands and Works, as hereinbefore mentioned, all proceedings shall be\nstayed until a final settlement and adjudication in the courts of competent\njurisdiction, of the rights of possession to such mine or claim has been obtained,\nwhen a Crown grant may issue as in other cases, j\nCD 9\/\n29. The issue of a Crown grant to any applicant under this Oixlinance,\nsave where obtained by fraud or wilful misrepresentation, shall confer and be\ndeemed to confer on the person or persons named therein, an^ indefeasible\nand incontestable title in fee simple absolute to all the land specified in such\ngrant, save as hereinafter excepted.\n30. The Assistant Commissioner in every district, shall have jurisdiction to hear and determine all cases ? of dispute between adverse claimants,\nto prospecting licenses and Crown grants under this Ordinance (subject,\nhowever, as to rectification and settlement of boundaries, to clause 27 of this\nOrdinance); and it shall be lawful for such Assistant Commissioner, and he\nis hereby required, on the written application of either party to a dispute, to\nsummon a jury, to consist of not less than three, nor more than five, persons,\nto decide all questions of fact; and the said Commissioner may award such\ncosts (including the costs of such jury) as he shall deem just and reasonable,\nand in case of default, enforce his iudgment by warrant of distress of the\ngoods and chattels of the person so making default., For the purposes of\nthis Ordinance, and to enforce his orders and decisions, the Assistant Commissioner, in addition to the jurisdiction hereby conferred, shall have all the\npowers, authority, and jurisdiction now by law possessed by County Court\nJudges in the Colony.\n31. In cases of dispute as to the right of possession to any mineral\nlands, the institution of proceedings therein may be commenced by a claim in\nthe Form marked D, in the schedule to this Ordinance; and upon the\nservice of such claim on the opposite party, the Assistant Commissioner shall\nhave power to decide thereon (subject to appeal as hereinafter mentioned),\nwith full power to place the party who shall be found entitled into possession\nof the land in question; and upon proper cause shewn to issue and enforce\nan injunction to abate any intrusion or otherwise pending any proceedings,\nand to appoint a receiver if necessary. Provided always, that either party to\nany such proceedings may require a jury to be summoned to try any question\nof fact (other than disputed boundary as hereinbefore mentioned) as in the\nlast clause provided.\n32. Provided always, that any person dissatisfied with the decision of\nsuch Assistant Commissioner, on matter of law only and not on matter of\nfact, may appeal therefrom to the Supreme Court, and no appeal shall be\nallowed in any case unless notice thereof be given in writing to the opposite\nparty, his counsel or attorney, within four days after the\" decision complained\nof, and also security be giveif, jto the app'roval of the Assistant Commissioner, ABE6JNDIX.\nfor the costs of the appeal, and the amount (if any) payable under the\njudgment, andi;o abide by any decision under such judgment; and the said\nSupreme Court may make such order as it shall think fit; and such appeal\nmay be in the form of a case settled and signed bv the parties, their counsel,\n97 ^~7 9J X ' *\nor attorneys.\n33. A certificate of every decision of an Assistant Commissioner shall\nbe filed by him in his office, and a duplicate thereof transmitted to\noffice of the Lands and Works; and the service of the final judgment or order\nof the Assistant Commissioner or the Supreme Court (as the case may be) in\nany case of disputed claim to a Crown grant, or an office copy of such iudg-\nJ L CD J X J t\/O\nment or order, shall authorize such Commissioner and other the proper\nauthorities in that behalf, to proceed with the issue of a Crown grant as in\nordinary cases.\n34. xSTo proceedings; process, notice, decision or judgment under this\nOrdinance shall be called in question or invalidated by reason only of any\nX v *f t\/\ninformality or irregularity appearing therein or connected therewith ; and\nevery Assistant Commissioner and Judge of the Supreme Court shall hav\nfull power to make any amendments in any such proceeding (subject to such\ncosts and terms as he shall think fit) as may be deemed necessary to prevent\nthe failure of justice, by reason of mistakes and objections of forn\n35. Nothing in this Ordinance contained shall be deemed or taken in\nany way to limit or affect the rights of Her Maiestv, Her Heirs and Sue-\n97 v >.\nOtherwise for the more convenient occupation of any such buildings : Provided\nnevertheless that it shall at all times be lawful for Us, our Heirs and Successors,\nor for any person or persons acting under Our or Their authority, to enter into\nor upon any part of the said lands, and to raise and get thereout any gold, or\nore of gold, which may be thereupon or thereunder situate, and to use and\nenjoy any and every part of the same land, and of the easements and privileges\nthereunto belonging, for the purpose of raising and getting, and every other\npurpose connected therewith, paying in respect of such raising, getting, and\nuse, reasonable compensation.\nProvided nevertheless that it shall be lawful for any person .duly authorized in that behalf by Us, Our Heirs arid Successors, to take and occupy such\nwater privileges, and to have and enjoy such rights of carrying water-over,\nX CD 7 *j \u2022\/ CD 9\/ CD 7\nthrough, or under any parts of the hereditaments hereby granted, as may be\nreasonably required for mining or agricultural purposes in the vicinity of the\nsaid hereditaments, paying therefor a reasonable compensation to the aforesaid, heirs or (successors or)\nIn testimony whereof, we have caused these Our letters to be made patent,\nand the great seal of Our Colony of British Columbia, to be hereunto affixed.\nWitness Our right, trusty, and well beloved\nGovernor of Our Colony of British Columbia, and Vice-Admiral of the same,\n&c, &c, at Our Government House at in Our Colony of British\nColumbia, this day of in the year of our Lord one thousand eight\n7 97 V ^*J\nhundred and , and in the year of Our reign.\ni w O\nBy command.\n[Form D.]\nVictoria, by the grace of God of the United Kingdom .of Great Britain and\nIreland, and the Colonies and Dependencies thereunto belonging, Queen,\nDefender of the Faith.\nTo and all persons entitled to defend the possession of\nto the possession of which\nsome or one of them claim to be entitled under the | Mineral Ordinance, 1869.\"\nThese are to will and command you, or such of you as deny the alleged\nclaim, within thirty days after service hereof, to appear\nat to defend the said claim or such part thereof\nas you may be advised. In default whereof judgment may be signed and you\nturned out of possession.\nWitness, at the day of A.D., 18\nAssistant (or Chief, as the case may be),\nCommissioner of Lands and Works. APPEKDJX.\nFees\nUpon the record of every application for a Mining\nLicense, or for a renewal thereof\nUpon the record of every grant of Mining License, or\na prolongation thereof ...\nUpon the reoord of every Crown Grant\nUpon the record of every other matter and thing under\nthis Ordinance\no\n25\no\n117\n$ 5 00\n00\n00\n50\n3 118\nBBITTSH COLUMBIA.\nAPPENDIX Q.\nAN ORDINANCE TO AMEND AND CONSOLIDATE THE LAWS\nAFFECTING CROWN LANDS IN BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nJ|r [1st June, 1870.]\nPreamble. \\1\/ HERE AS it is expedient to amend and consolidate the Laws affecting\n* * Crown Lands in British Columbia.\nBe it enacted by the Governor of British Columbia, with the advice and\nconsent of the Legislative Council thereof, as follows:\u2014\nInterpretation 1- In the construction and for the purposes of this Ordinance (if not\ninconsistent with the context or subject matter), the following terms shall\nhave the respective meanings hereinafter assigned to them:\u2014\n\" The Governor \" shall mean the Governor of British Columbia or any\nperson for the time being lawfully exercising the authority of a Governor of\nBritish Columbia.\n\" Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works and Surveyor General,\" shall\nmean and include the Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works and Surveyor\nGeneral, and any.person for the time being lawfully acting in that capacity.\n\" Commissioner\" shall mean the Chief Commissioner of Lands and\nWorks and Surveyor General of this Colony, or the person acting as such for\nthe time being, and shall include every stipendiary magistrate for the time\nbeing in charge of any district, and every person duly authorized by the\nGovernor to act as and for the Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works and\nSurveyor General, as Assistant Commissioner of Lands and Works in any\ndistrict in which 'the land that may be referred to lies, other than that in\nwhich the chief office of the Lands and Works Department is situated, and\nany other district or districts for which no such Assistant Commissioner of\nLands and Works as aforesaid has been appointed.\n\" Supreme Court\" shall mean the Supreme Court of British Columbia.\n\" The Crown \" shall mean Her Majesty, Her Heirs and Successors.\n| Crown Lands \" shall mean all lands of this Colony held by the Crown\nin fee simple.\n\" Act\" shall mean any proclamation or Ordinance having the force of\nlaw in this Colony.\nWords importing the singular number shall include more persons, parties,\nor things, than one, and the converse.\n2. The following Acts, Ordinances, and Proclamations relating to the\ndisposal and regulation of the Crown Lands of the Colony are hereby repealed:\nAn Act dated February 14th, 1859 j\nAn Act dated January 4th, 1860 ;\nAn Act dated January 20th, 1860 ;\nThe \"Pre-emption Amendment Act, 1861 j\"\nThe \" Country Land Act, 1861 ; \"\nThe \" Pre-emption Purchase Act, 1861 ; \"\nThe \" Pre-emption Consolidation Act, 1861 ; \"\nThe \" Mining District Act, 1863 ; \"\nThe \"Land Ordinance,^865 \u25a0 \"\nThe \" Pre-emption Ordinance, 1866 ;\"\nThe \" Pre-emption Payment Ordinance, 1869;\" and,\nThe \"'Vancouver Island Land Proclamation, 1862;\"\nRepeals\nformer Act. APPENDIX.\n119\nbut such repeal shall not prejudice or affect any rights acquired or payments Saving exist-\ndue, or forfeitures or penalties incurred prior to the passing of this Ordinance mg nSnts.\nin respect of any land in this Colony.\nPre-emption.\n3. From and after the date of the proclamation in this Colony of Her Who may pre-\nMajesty's assent to this Ordinance, any male person, being a British subject, ePP* as of\nof the. age of eighteen years or over, may acquire the right to pre-empt any\ntract of unoccupied, unsurveyed, and unreserved Crown Lands (not being. an How much.\nIndian settlement), not exceeding 320 acres in extent in that portion of the\nColony situate to the northward and eastward of the Cascade or Coast Range\nof Mountains, and 160 acres in extent in the rest of the Colony. Provided\n7 *'\nthat such right of pre-emption shall not be held to extend to any of the\nAborigines of this continent, except to such as shall have obtained the\nGovernor's special permission in writing to that effect.\n4. Any chartered or incorporated company may acquire such right by And who by\nobtaining a special permission in writing from the Governor to that effect, but special per-\nnot otherwise; and the Governor may grant or refuse such permission at his missl0tt*\ndiscretion.\n5. Any person desiring to pre-empt as aforesaid, shall first apply to and Application to\nobtain from the Commissioner permission in writing -to enter upon such land, l\u00b0cate.\nwhich must be fully described in writing by the applicant, and a plan thereof\nmust be deposited with the Commissioner, and such description and plan shall\nbe in duplicate.\n6. After such permission has been obtained, and within such time, not Entry and\nexceeding thirty days thereafter, as shall be specified by the Commissioner aPPfication to\nrecord\nin such permission, such person shall enter into possession of the land so\ndescribed, and place at each corner thereof a post marked with his name, or\nother distmguishing sign, and thereupon shall apply in writing to the said\nCommissioner to have his claim recorded to such tract of land, not exceeding\n320 acres, or 160 acres, as the case may be, as hereinbefore provided.\n7. If such land has not been previously recorded, the Commissioner Pre-emption\nshall, upon the fulfilment by the applicant of the preceding requirements, and record,\nupon payment by liim of a fee of two dollars, record such land in his favor as\na pre-emption claim, and give him a certificate of such pre-emption record, in\nthe Form A. in the schedule hereto, and such record shall be made by the Form A.\nCommissioner in triplicate, the original to be handed to the pre-emptor, a\nduplicate to be retained by the Commissioner for local reference, and the\ntriplicate to be forwarded forthwith to the head office of the Lands and Works\nDepartment, to be there examined, and if found in all respects (or if necessary\nafter having been amended by the Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works\nCD %\/\nand Surveyor General, so as to be) in accordance with the provisions of this\nOrdinance, to be finally registered in the Land Office Pre-emption Register.\n8. Every piece of land sought to be acquired as a pre-emption claim, Eectangular\nunder the provisions of this Ordinance, shall, save as hereinafter excepted, be shape of claim.\nof a rectangular shape, and the shortest line thereof shall be at least two-thirds\nof the length of the longest line. Such line shall run as nearly as possible\nnorth and south, and east and west.\n9. Where such land is in whole or in part bounded by any mountain, Natural ^\nrock, lake, river, swamp, or other natural boundary, or by any public highway, boundaries.\nor by any pre-empted or surveyed land, such natural boundary, public highway, pre-empted or surveyed land, may be adopted as the boundary of such\nland, and it shall be sufficient for the claimant to show to the Commissioner\nthat the form of the land conforms as nearly as circumstances permit to the\nprovisions of this Ordinance. 12$\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nRectification\nof Survey,\nCertificate of\nimprovement.\nForm B.\nDeclaration.\nForm C.\nRight may be\ntransferred.\nMode of\ntransfer.\nForm D.\nCessation of\noccupation\ncancels claim.\n10. The Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works and Surveyor\nGeneral may, however, in carrying out any government surrey, if in his'\nopinion circumstances require it, survey pre-emption claims or purchased\nlands recorded previous to the date of this Ordinance, by such metes and\nbounds as he may think proper, and every survey so made and certified by\nhim in writing shall be binding upon all parties affected thereby, and the'\nsurvey so certified shall be deemed, in any court of this Colony, to have been\ndone in compliance with the provisions of this Ordinance.\n11. A pre-emptor shall be entitled to receive from the Commissioner a\ncertificate, to be called a \" Certificate of Improvement,\" in the Form B., in\nthe schedule hereto, upon his proving to the Commissioner, by the declarations\nin writing of himself and two other persons, that he has been in occupation of\nhis pre-emption claim from the date of the record thereof, and has made permanent improvements thereon, to the value of two dollars and fifty cents per\nacre. Such certificate shall be in triplicate, the original to be handed to the\npre-emptor, the duplicate retained by the Commissioner for local reference,\nand the triplicate transmitted forthwith to the head office of the Lands and\nWorks Department, and it shall be the duty of the Commissioner to note the\nissue of such certificate on the original pre-emption record, which must be\nproduced to him at the time of applying for the certificate by the pre-emptor,\nand on the duplicate thereof retained in the Commissioner's office.\n12. Every such declaration shall be subscribed by the person makino-\nthe same, and shall be filed, with the Commissioner, wbo is hereby fully\nauthorized and empowered to take the same, and such declaration shall be in\nthe Form C. in the schedule, and shall be made before such Commissioner,\nunder and subject to the provisions and penalties of the \" Oaths Ordinance,\n1869.\"\n18. After the grant of the certificate of improvement, but not before,\nthe pre-emption right in the land referred to in such certificate may be transferred to any person entitled to hold a pre-emption claim UDder this\nOrdinance, subject, however, to the continuance of all the provisions of this\nOrdinance as to occupation, forfeiture, and payment of purchase money due\nor to become .due to the Crown.\n14. Every such transfer must be made in writing, signed by the person\nmaking the same, or his attorney in fact, in the form D. in the Schedule, or\nin words to that effect, and in the presence of the commissioner, and if not\nso made shall be void, and such transfer shall be in triplicate, the original to\nbe retained by the person in whose favor the transfer is made, the duplicate\nto be retained as a record in the office of the Commissioner, and the triplicate\nforwarded forthwith to be registered in the head office of the Lands and Works.\nUpon the examination of such transfer in the manner and form so prescribed, and on payment of the fee of two dollars, the Commissioner shall\ncancel the previous record of such pre-emption right, and record the'same\nanew, in the manner prescribed in section 7, in the name of the person in\nfavor of whom such transfer shall have been made, subject to the completion\nof the period of occupation required by this Ordinance, and to all other the\nterms and conditions thereof.\n15. Whenever any pre-emptor shall permanently cease to occupy his\npre-emption claim, save as hereinafter provided, the Commissioner may in a\nsummary way, upon being satisfied of such permanent cessation of occupa-\npation, cancel the claim of the pre-emptor so permanently ceasing to occupy\nthe same, and all deposits paid, and all improvements and buildings made and\nerected on such land, shall be absolutely forfeited to the Crown, and the said\nland shall be open to pre-emption and may be recorded anew by the Commissioner as a pre-emption claim, in the name of any person satisfying the requirements in that behalf of this Ordinance. APPENDIX.\n121\n16. The occupation herein required shall mean a continuous bona, fide\npersonal residence of the pre-emptor on his pre-emption claim. Provided, however, that the requirement of such personal occupation shall cease and determine after a period of four years of such continuous occupation shall have\nbeen fulfilled.\n17. Every holder of a pre-emption claim shall be entitled to be absent\nfrom his claim for any one period not. exceeding two months during afty one\nyear. As an ordinary rule he shall be deemed to have permanently ceased to\noccupy his claim when he shall have been absent continuously, for a longer\nperiod than two months, unless leave of absence have been granted by the\nCommissioner, as hereinafter provided.\n18. If any pre-emptor shall show good cause to the satisfaction of the\nCommissioner, such Commissioner may grant to the said pre-emptor leave of\nabsence for any period of time, not exceeding four months in any one year,\ninclusive of the two month's absence from his claim, provided for in clause 17.\nSuch leave of absence shall be in the Form E. in the Schedule hereto,\nand shall be made out in duplicate, the original to be handed to the pre-\nemptor, and the duplicate to be retained of record in the office of the Commissioner.\n19. If any pre-emptor shall show good cause to the satisfaction of the\nCommissioner, he may grant him a \" license to substitute,\" for any period not\nexceeding six calendar months, in the Form F. in the Schedule hereto, in\nO ' 7\nduplicate, the original to be handed to the pre-emptor, and the duplicate to be\nretained of record in the office of the Commissioner. The continuous personal\nresidence of the person named in such license (such person not being or\nbecoming subsequently to the date of the license a claimant of land under any\nlaw or proclamation regulating the pre-emption of land within the Colony)\nshall, during the continuance of the license, and after the record thereof with\nthe Commissioner, be as effectual as the continuous personal residence of\nthe claimant himself.\nLO. No person shall be entitled to hold, at the same time, two claims\nby pre-emption ; and any person so pre-empting more than one claim shall\nforfeit all right, title, and interest to the prior claim recorded by him, and to\nall improvements made and erected thereon, and deposits of money paid to\nGovernment on account thereof; and the land included in such prior claim\nshall be open for pre-emption.\n21. When the Government shall survey the land included in a preemption claim, the person in whose name the said claim stands registered in\nthe pre-emption register of the land office shall, provided a certificate of improvement shall have been issued in respect of such land, and that the condition of four years occupation required by this Ordinance has been duly fulfilled, be entitled to purchase the said land at such rate, not exceeding\none dollar per acre, as may be determined upon by the Governor for the time\nbeing, payable by four equal annual instalments, the first instalment to be\npaid to the Commissioner, at his office, within three calendar months from the\ndate of the service on the said pre-emptor of a notice from the Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works and Surveyor General requiring payment for\nthe said land, or within six calendar months after the insertion of a notice to\nsuch effect, to bo published for and during such period in the Government\nGazette, or ,in such other newspaper, published in the Colony, as the Commissioner may direct.\nIf the purchase money for sucli land be not paid, according to the terms of\nsuch notice, the pre-emption claim over such land may, at the discretion of the\nCommissioner, be cancelled, and all such land, and the improvements thereon,\nand any instalments of the purchase money paid thereon, may be forfeited\nabsolutely to the Crown.\n10\u201416\nMeaning of\noccupation.\nLeave of\nabsence for\ntwo months.\nSpecial leave\nfor four\nmonths.\nFormE.\nLicense to\nsubstitute.\nFormF.\nOne claim to\nbe held at a\ntime.\nPurchase of\nclaim when\nsurveyed. 122\nBEITISH COLUMBIA.\nNotice of\nintention to\napply for\nCrown Grant.\nCertificate of\npayment.\nFrom G.\nCrown Grant\nmay issue.\nForm H.\nReservation\nto the Crown.\nHeirs of pre-\nemptor entitled to\nCrown Grant.\nExtent of\nclaim N. and\nK. of Cascade\nranore.\n22. The Crown Grant to a pre-emption claim will not be issued unless\nit shall have been proved to the Commissioner that written or printed notices of\nthe intended application for such grant have been posted for a period of sixty\ndays prior to such application, upon some conspicuous part of the said preemption claim, and upon the adjacent claims (if any), and upon the Court\nHouse of the district wherein the land lies.\n\u00a33. Upon payment of the whole of the purchase money for such land,\nand upon production to the Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works and\nSurveyor General of a certificate in Form G. in the Schedule hereto, from the\nCommissioner of the district in which such land is situated, that the notices\nof intended amplication for a.Crown Grant of such land have been duly posted\nas required in the previous section, without any objection to the issue of such\nhrrant having been substantiated, a Crown Grant or Conveyance, in the Form\n^D ^D 7 v 7\nH. of the Schedule hereto, of the fee simple of the said land shall be executed in favor of the purchaser.\nProvided, that every such Crown Grant shall be deemed to include,\namong the reservations therein contained, a reserve in favor of the Crown,\nits assignees, and licensees, of the right to take from any such land, without\ncompensation, any gravel, sand, stone, lime, timber, or other material which\nmay be required in the construction, maintenance, or repair of any roads,\nferries, bridges, or other public works.\n24. In the event of the death of any pre-emptor under this Ordinance,\nhis heirs or devisees (as the case may be) if resident in the Colony, shall be\nentitled to a Crown Grant of the land included in such pre-emption claim, if\nlawfully held and occupied bf such pre-emptor at the time of his decease, but\nsubject to payment of the full amount of purchase money for such land then\ndue or to become due : but if such heirs or devisees be absent'from the Colony\nat the time of such decease, the Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works and\nSurveyor General is hereby authorized and empowered to make such disposition of the pre-emption claim, and such provision for the person (if any)\nentitled thereto, or interested therein, as he may deem just and proper.\n25. Every person lawfully occupying a pre-emption claim situated to\nthe northward and eastward of tlie Cascade or Coast range of mountains, at\nthe date of the passing of this Ordinance, if less than 320 acres, may, with\nthe permission of the Commissioner, pre-empt land liable to pre-emption,\nand immediately contiguous to or abutting on his said existing claim, so as to\n** QJ CJ CD 7\nmake up the total amount of his claim to 320 acres, and thereupon such total\nelaim shall be deemed to have been and to be taken up and held under the\nprovisions of this Ordinance. '\nI\nLeases for\npastoral purposes.\nHay leases.\nLeases.\n26. Leasesof any extent of unpre-empted and unsur veyed land may be granted\nfor pastoral purposes by the Governor in Council, to any person or persons\nwhomsoever, being bowl fide pre-emptors or purchasers of land in the vicinity\nof the land sought to be leased, at sucjb. rent as such Governor in Council shall\ndeem expedient; but every such lease of pastoral land shall, among other\nthings, contain a condition making such land liable to pre-emption, reserve for\npublic purposes, and purchase by any persons whomsoever, at any time during\nthe term thereof, without compensation, save by a proportionate deduction of\nrent**; and to a further condition that the lessee shall, within six months from\nthe date of such lease, stock the property demised in such proportion of\nanimals to the 100 acres, as shall be specified by the Commissioner.\n27. Leases of unoccupied and unsurveyed land, not exceeding 500 acres\nin extent, may be granted by the Governor in Council, for the purpose of\ncutting hay thereon, to any person or* persons whomsoever, being bona fide APPENDIX.\nl!\npre-emptors or purchasers of land, at such rent as such Governor in Council\nshall deem expedient. The term of such lease shall not exceed five years;\nbut every such lease shall, among other things, contain a condition, making\nv * CD * 7 CD\nsuch land liable to pre-emption, reserve for public purposes, and purchase by\nany persons whomsoever, at any time during the term thereof, with such compensation for improvements made thereon, to be paid to the lease-holders, as\nshall be fixed by the Commissioner of the District.\n28. Leases of any extent of unpre-empted Crown Lands may be granted Timber lease*,\nby the Governor in Council, to any person, persons, or corporation duly\nauthorized in that behalf, for the purpose of cutting spars, timber or lumber,\nand actually engaged in those pursuits, subject to such rent, terms, and provisions as shall seem expedient to the Governor in Council: Provided, however, that any person may hereafter acquire a pre-emption claim to or upon\nany part of such'leased land by complying with the requirements of this Ordinance. Such pre-emptor shall, however, only be entitled to cut such timber as\nhe may require for use upon his claim * and if he cut timber on the said land\nfor sale, or for any purpose other than for such use as aforesaid, or for the\npurpose of clearing the said land, he shall absolutely forfeit all interest in the\nland acquired by him, and the Commissioner shall cancel his claim thereto.\n29. The application for any such lease must be in writing, in duplicate, Applications\naddressed to the Commissioner, who shall retain the original in his office, and for leases.\n' CD 7\ntransmit the duplicate, through the head office of the Lands and Works, to the\nGovernor in Council, who shall alone decide on any such lease.\nWater.\n30. Every person lawfully entitled to hold a pre-emption under this Pre-emptorg\nOrdinance, and lawfully occupying and bona fide cultivating lands, may divert may utilize\nal\n_ water.\nany unrecorded and unappropriated water from the natural cnannei oi any\nstream, lake, or river, adjacent to or passing through such land, for agricultural and other purposes, upon obtaining the written authority of the Commissioner of the District to that effect, and a record of the same shall be made\nwith him, after due notice as hereinafter mentioned, specifying the name of\nthe applicant, the quantity sought to be diverted, the place of diversion, the\nobject thereof, and all such other particulars as such Commissioner may\nrequire; for every such record, the Commissioner shall charge a fee,of two\ndollars; and no person shall have any exclusive right to the use of such water,\nwhether the same flow naturally through or ever his land, except such record\nshall have been made.\n31. Previous to such authority being given, the applicant shall, if the Notice to be\nparties affected thereby refuse to consent thereto, post up in a conspicuous SJ-yen'\nplace on each person's land through which it is proposed that the water should\npass, and on the District Court House, notices in writing, stating his intentions\nto enter such land, and through and over the same take and carry such water,\nspecifying all particulars relating thereto, including direction, quantity, purpose, and term.\n32. Priority of right to any such water privilege, iw. case of dispute, Priority of\nshall depend on priority of record. right.\n33. The right of entry on and'through the lands of others, for carrying Compensation\nwater for any lawful purpose upon, over, or under the said land, may be *or damage.\nclaimed and'taken by any person lawfully occupying and bona, fide cultivating\nas aforesaid, and (previous to entry) upon paying or securing payment of\ncompensation, as aforesaid, for the waste or damage so occasioned, to the person\nwhose land may be wasted or damaged by such entry or carrying* of water.\n34. In case of dispute, such compensation or any other question con- JU*ay De,, ,\ni \u2022 i i i*\"i i \u2022 i \u2022ii A-SS6SSCCI Dy\nnected with such water privilege, entry, or carrying, may be ascertained by jury. m\n124\nB1UTISH COLUMBIA.\nWater for\nmining or\nother purposes\nTransfer of\npre-emption\nright transfers\nwater.\nNot to waste\nwater. ,\nthe Commissioner of the District in a summary manner, without a jury, or if\ndesired by either party, with a iury of five men.\n9V 1 \u2022\/ * t\/ \u00ab\/\n35. Water privilege for mining or other purposes, not otherwise lawfully\nappropriated, may be claimed, and the said water may be taken upon, under,\nor over any land so pre-empted or purchased as aforesaid, by obtaining a grant\nor license from the Commissioner of the District; and, previous to taking the\nsame, paying reasonable compensation for Avaste or damage to the person\nwhose land may be wasted or damaged by such water privilege, or carriage\nof water.\n36. All assignments, transfers, or conveyances of any pre-emption right,\nheretofore or hereafter acquired, shall be construed to have conveyed and\ntransferred, any and all recorded water privileges in any manner attached to\n7 97 X CD v\nor used in the working of the land pre-empted.\n37. Every owner of a ditch or water privilege shall be bound to take\nall reasonable means for utilizing the water taken by him ; and if he shall\n\u2022%vilfully take and waste any unreasonable quantity of water, it shall be lawful\n%f *7 X 97 *\nfor the Commissioner to declare all rights to the water forfeited.\nEjectment by\nsummary\nprocess.\nJury.\nJury how\nsummoned\nAppeal to\nSupreme\nCourt.\nSecurity to be\ngiven.\nReserves.\nEjectment.\n3$. Any person awfully occupying a pre-emption claim, or holding a,\nlease under this Ordinance may, in respect thereof, institute and obtain redress\nin an action of ejectment or of trespass in the same manner and to the same\nextent as if he were seized of the legal estate in the land covered by such\nclaims; but either party thereto may refer the cause of action to the Stipendiary\nMagistrate of the District wherein the land lies, who is hereby authorized to\nO 97\nproceed summarily, and make such order as he shall deem just. Provided,\nhowever, that if requested by either party, he shall first summon a jury of\nfive persons to hear the cause, and their verdict or award on all matters of fact\nshall be final.\nJuru.\n39. It shall be lawful for any Magistrate, by an order under his hand,\nto summon a jury of five persons for any purpose under this Ordinance, and in\nthe event of non-attendance of any persons so summoned, he shall have the\npower to impose a fine not exceeding twenty-five dollars.\nAppeal.\n40. Any person affected by any decision of a Magistrate or Commissioner\nunder this Ordinance, may, withiii one calendar month after such decision,\nbut not afterwards, appeal to the Supreme Court in a summary manner, and\nsuch appeal shall be in the form of a petition, verified by affidavit, to any\nJudge of such court, setting out the points relied upon ; and a copy of such\npetition shall be served upon the Commissioner whose decision is appealed\nfrom, and such time shall be allowed for his answer to the said petition, as to\nthe Judge of the Supreme Court may s'eem. advisable ; but no such appeal\nshall be allowed, except from decisions on points of law.\n41. Any person desirous of appealing in manner aforesaid, may be\nrequired, before such appeal be heard, to find such security as may be determined by the Commissioner whose decision.is appealed from, and such appeal\nshall not be heard until after security to the satisfaction of the Commissioner\nshall have been given for the due prosecution of such appeal and submission\nthereto.\nSurveyed Lands.\n42. The Governor shall at any time, and for such purposes as he may\ndeem advisable, reserve, by notice published in the Government Gazette, or APPENDIX.\nliu 'i 0\nbeen either\nin any newspaper of the Colony, any lands that may 11\n,sold or legally pre-empted.\n\u202213. The upset price of surveyed lands, not beiug reserved for the sites\nof towns, or the suburbs thereof, and not being reputed to be mineral lands,\nshall be one dollar per acre; and the upset price of town and suburban lots\nshall be such as the Governor may in each case specially determine.\n9\/ 1 -97\n44. Except as aforesaid, all the land in British Columbia will be\nexposed in lots for sale by public competition, at the upset price above\nmentioned, after the same shall have been surveyed, and made ready for sale.\nDue notice shall be given of all such sales; notice at the same time shall\nbe given of the upset price, and 'terms of payment, when they vary from\nthose above stated, and also of the rights specially reserved (if any) for public\nconvenience.\n45. AJ1 lands which shall remain unsold at any such auction, may be\nsold by private contract at the upset price, and on the terms and conditions\nherein mentioned, on application to the Chief Commissioner of Lands and\nWorks and Surveyor General, or other person for the time being, duly\nauthorized by the Governor in that behalf.\n46. Unless otherwise specially notified at the time of sale, all Crown\nLands sold shall be subject to such public rights of way as may at any time\nafter such sale be specified by the Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works\nand Surveyor General, and to the right of the Crown to take therefrom,\nwithout compensation, any stone, gravel, or other material to be used in\nrepairing the public roads, and to such private rights of way, and of leading\nor using water for animals, and for mining and engineering purposes, as may\nat the time of such sale be existing.\n47. Unless otherwise specially announced at the time of sale, the conveyance of the land shall include, except as provided in section 23, all trees,\nand all mines, and minerals within and under the same (except mines of gold\nand silver).\nFree Miners1 Rights.\n48. Nothing herein contained shall exclude Free Miners from entering\nupon any land in this Colony, and searching for and working minerals;\nProvided, that such Free Miner prior to so doing shall give full satisfaction\nor adequate security to the satisfaction of the Commissioner, to the pre-\nemptor or tenant in fee simple, for any loss or damage he may sustain by\nreason thereof. If the amount of compensation (if any) cannot be agreed\nupon, the Stipendiary Magistrate or Gold Commissioner of the district\nwherein the land lies, with the assistance, if desired by either party, of a jury\nof five persons to be summoned by him, shall decide the amount thereof, and\nsuch decision and award shall be final. If there be no such Stipendiary\nMagistrate or Gold Commissioner in the said District, the Supreme Court\nshall have iurisdiction in the matter.\nPrice of land.\nLand offered\nfor sale by\npublic\ncompetition.\nUnsold lands\nby private\ncontract.\nLand Hold,\nsubject to\nroads, &c.\nConveyance\nincludes trees,\nmines. &c.\nFree Miners\nmay search for\nminerals.\nFre* Grants.\n49. It shall be lawful for the Governor in Council to make such special yre.e grants '\n- ,. ,, r n ,i \u2022 i j \u2022 j. -i A forimmigrant\ntree or partially free grants ot the unoccupied and unappropriated Crown &Cm\nLands of the Colony, for the encouragement of immigration or other purposes\nof public advantage, with and und^r such provisions, restrictions, and privileges, as to the Governor in Council may seem most advisable for the\nencouragement and permanent settlement of immigrants, or for such other\npublic purposes as aforesaid.\n50. Nothing in this Ordinance contained, shall be construed so as to Saves Miners'\ninterfere prejudicially with the lights granted to Free Miners under the nonK*\n\" Gold Mining Ordinance, 1867.\" BBS\n126\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nSchedule.\nBtK>ks to be\nkept.\nApplication of\nfines and fees.\nSuspending\nclause.\nShort title.\n51. The Schedule hereto shall form part of this Ordinance.\n52. Each Commissioner appointed under this Ordinance, shall keep a\nbook or books in which he shall enter the date and particulars of every preemption record, certificate of improvement, license to substitute, transfer, or\nother document relating to or in any manner affecting any pre-emption claim\nwithin his district.\n53. All fines and fees payable under this Ordinance shall be deemed to\nbe made payable to the use of the Crown.\n54. This Ordinance shall not take effect until Her Majesty's assent\nthereto shall have been proclaimed in the Colony.\n55. This Ordinance may be cited for all purposes, as the \" Land Ordinance, 1870.\"\nSCHEDULE.\n\u2022 - 'W [Form A.] I\"'\nCertificate of Pre-emption Record.\nOriginal [to be retained by ili& Pre-emptor] No. in District Register.\nCountry Land.\nBritish Columbia.\nPre-emption GUtim.\nDistrict of\nName of Pre-emptor (in full).\nDate of Pre-emption Record.\nNumber of acres (in words).\nWhere situated.\nDescription of Boundaries of Claim.\nSignature of Commissioner,\nN.B.\u2014Plan of the Claim to be drawn on the back of this sheet.\n[Form B.]\nLand Ordinance, 1870.\nDistrict of\nCertificate of Improvement.\nI hereby certify that has satisfied me by evidence\n(naming tlve witnesses, and detailing their, and, any otfier evidence upon whicJi\nthe Commissioner has come to his judgment) that , of f\nhas been in occupation, as required by the said Ordinance, of his pre-emption\nclaim, recorded as No. , in this District, from the date of such Record to\nthe present time, and that he has made improvements to the extent of two\ndollars and fifty cents an acre on acres of Crown Land, situate at\nSigned this v day of 18 .\n[Form C]\nDeclaration.\nLand Ordinance, 1870.\nDistrict of\n, do solemnly and sincerely declare that:\nI, A. B., of\n(here detail- specifically the improvements and facts declared to as having been\n*e ma\nAPPENDIX.\nmads by Hie pre-emptor on his claim, which define), and I make this solemn\ndeclaration conscientiously believing the same to be true, and\" by virtue of\nthe \" Oaths Ordinance, 1369.\"\nof\nDeclared and signed by the within-named\n, A.D. 18 , before me\non the\nCommissioner\n(Place for signature of Declarant.)\n[Form D.]\nTransfer of Interest.\nI, A.B., of , being the registered holder of pre-emption\nclaim No. , on the pre-emption Register of the Land Office, hereby\ntransfer to CD., all my right, title, and interest therein absolutely, but\nsubject to the same conditions under which I hold the same; dated this\nday of , 18 .\nWitness, A. B.\n[Form E.]\nLeave of Absence.\nI hereby grant A. B., of , leave of absence from his pre\nemption claim, registered as No. , in the Pre-emption Register, for the\nspace of from the date hereof.\nDated this day of , 18 ,\nE. F.,\nCommissioner.\n[Form F.]\nLicense to Substitute.\nI hereby license A. B., of , to occupy, for the space of\nmonths, the pre-emption claim registered as No. in the Pre emption\nRegister, in the stead of C. D., the present holder thereof.\nDated this\nday of\n,18\nE.F.\nCommissioner.\n[Form G.]\nCertificate of Notice.\nI hereby certify that A. B. has posted, for a period of sixty (CO) days,\non a conspicuous part of the pre-empted claim No. , and also upon the\nadjacent land, and upon the Court House of the District, a notice for the\nperiod of sixty days, that he intends to apply for a Crown Grant of the land\ncomprised in such claim, and that no objection to the issue of such Crown\nGrant has been substantiated.\nDated this day of 18 .\nCD.\nTo Commissioner.\nThe Chief Commissioner )\nof Lands and Works. J i2fc\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nI\n[Form H.]\nt> 'j.' t- n i u* ( (Royal Arms.)\nBritish Columbia, > \\ j \/\nNo. j\nVictoria, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain\nand Ireland, and of the Colonies and Dependencies thereof, in Europe, A-sia,\nAfrica, America, and Australasia, Queen, Defender of the Faith, and so forth.\nTo all to whom these presents shall come, greeting. Know ye that We\ndo by these presents, for Us, our Heirs and Successors, in consideration of the\nsum of , to us paid, give and grant unto ,\nh heirs and assigns, all that parcel or lot of land situate\n, and numbered on the official plan or survey of the\nsaid , in the Colony of British Columbia^ To have and to hold\nthe said parcel or lot of land, and all and singular the premises hereby\ngranted, with their appurtenances, unto the said , h heirs and\nassigns for ever.\nProvided, nevertheless, that it shall at all times be lawful for Us, our\nHeirs and Successors, or for any person or persons acting in that behalf by\nOur or Their authority, to resume any part of the'said lands which it may be\n9\/ * 9\/ X 9V\ndeemed necessary to resume for making roads, canals? bridges, towing paths,\nor other works of public utility or convenience, so, nevertheless, that the\nlands so to be resumed shall not exceed one-twentieth part of the whole of\nthe lands aforesaid, and that no such resumption shall.be majde of any lands\non which any buildings may have been erected, or which may be in use as\ngardens or otherwise, for the more convenient occupation of any such biuidings.'\nProvided also that it shall at all times be lawful for Us, our Heirs and\nSuccessors, or for any person or persons acting under Our or Their authority,\nto enter into and upon any part of the said, lands, and to raise and get thereout any gold or silver ore which may be thereupon or thereunder situate, and\nto use and enjoy any and every part of the same land, and of the easements\nand privileges thereto belonging, for the purpose of such raising and getting,\nand every other purpose connected therewith, paying in respect of such\nraising, getting and use, reasonable compensation.\nProvided, also, that it shall be lawful for any person duly authorized\nin that behalf by Us, our Heirs and Successors, to take and occupy such water\n\\7 7 \/ X *7\nprivileges, and to have and enjoy such rights of carrying water over, through,\nor under any parts of the hereditaments hereby granted, as may be reasonably\nrequired for mining or agricultural purposes in the vicinity of the said\nhereditaments, paying therefor a reasonable compensation to the aforesaid\n, h heirs or assigns.\nProvided also, that it shall be at all times lawful for any person duly\nauthorized in that behalf by Us, our Heirs and Successors, to take from or\n97 7 J\nupon any parts of the hereditaments hereby granted, the right to take from\nany such land, without compensation, any gravel, sand, stone, lime, timber,\nor other material which may be required in the construction, maintenance,\nor repair of any roads, ferries, bridges, or other public works.\nIn testimony whereof We have caused these our letters to be made\npatent, and the great seal of our Colony of British Columbia to be hereunto\naffixed.\nWitness our right trusty and well beloved , Governor\nand Commander-in-Chief of our Colony of British Columbia and its Dependencies, at our Government House, in our City of Victoria, this day\nqf , in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and\n, and in the year of our reign.\nBy command. APPENDIX.\n729\nAPPFNDTY P\nEXTRACT FROM DR. RATTRAY'S WORK ON VANCOUVER\nISLAND AND BRITISH COLUMBIA, 18G2.\n\u2022\u25a0\u25a0 \u25a0 :\u2022 \u2022 \u00ab \u25a0' \u2022\u25a0 \u2022- Coal ' -\u25a0' \u25a0\nThe frequent occurrence of iron in connection with coal in other\ncountries, and the probable prevalence of the coal formation over a large part,\nperhaps the greater portion of Vancouver Island, appear to indicate that this,\nthe most useful of all the metals, which is said to have been lately discovered\nalong the west coast, will be found in abundance. It is to her insular position,\nher coal fields, anct her iron, that England owes much of her greatness. Two\n\/ 7 CD Q5t\nof these this colony possesses ! the third she may, and probably does possess,\nand it ought therefore to be well searched for. Witn iron for machinery, coal\nto work it, and eminent commercial capabilities, Vancouver Island might\nbecome second only to England in manufacturing and commercial prosperity.\nJ CD O A. I \u00ab\/\nCoal, unquestionably the most important of the known minerals of this\ncolony, crops out at various parts, e.g., at Cape Bonilla, near Port San Juan,\nat Nespod, to the north of Nootka Sound, both on the west coast; at Fort\nX 7 7 7\nRupert, and at Nanaimo, on its north-east and east coasts * and these indications of its presence near the north and south extremities of the Island, and\non her east and west coasts, render it probable that this fossil is very generally\ndistributed, especially along its east coast, where the seams are apparently\n' X v CD ' X L %7\nextensive and valuable, although Nanaimo is the only place where it lias been\nCD *J X\nascertainedriGsyet, that mines carrijsrr^adny, profitably,Tind extensively worked.\n7 97 7 \u00ab\/'Jl 97 7 *J\nThe coal of Vancouver Island is of fair quality, decidedly superior to\nsome of the Scotch coal, but cannot be compared with that of the North of\nEngland, or more especially with the Welsh. The following is an analysis and\nCD 7 X v CD \u00ab\/\ncomparison of it with other varieties:--\u2014\nTable 19.\u2014Analysis of Vancouver Island, and other varieties of coal.\nIron.\nWhere coal is\nfonnd.\nCo\nomparative\nvalue of the\ncoal.\nVariety.\nWelsh (Craigola) i 1*30 '84-87\nNewcastle (0an's Hartly) | 1*25 |79*83\nScotch (Fordel Splint).\". j 125\nBorneo (Lahuan) 1*28\nChili (Conception Bay) 1*29\nSydney I \t\n79*58\n64.*;52\n9\nv ancouverfsland i I66c9j\n6 0-\u00b1 V ^ri.\n5*11 1*17\n5\"50 1*13\n0-45 7*19 3\"24 85\"5\np'<4\n.*76 0*95 | 1*98 {13-24 VMS 143*co\n32\n5 61\n.0*80\n0-* 82 7' 86\n1-46 I 8-33\n1-45\n20*75\n5-21\n4-00\n7-74 j\n1:23 i 0-70 j 8*^2 I 20i\n1*02 j 2*20 8-70 15-83\n60-63\n52-03\ni\n\"if is a bituminous coal, lighter than Welsh coal by about ten per cent.,\nconsumes rapidly, and answers well for steaming purposes, especially with\nfires and boilers made to suit it. Although a good gas coal, it is apt to form\nclinker, leave a large ash, and does not coke well for smelting purposes,\n-or foundries. The large portion of sulphur it contains is a- disadvantage ;\nthat of Fort Rupert, where the coal was first discovered, is said to contain\n'less. All hitherto raised, however, of whic\nNature and\nquality of the\ncoal.\n;ne aoove is\nanalysis, is little\nelse than surface coal, and-cannot be fairly taken as-a criterion of the Nanaimo\nxoaL which, is. perceptibly improving as the mines dee]>en. An extensive\n10\u201417 JlifKIPMMPC^BW\"\n130\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nseam has lately been discovered of superior quality. Unfortunately no\ngeneral survey of the coal formations of the island has yet been made.\nAdvantages J\"0r developing the manufactures, commerce, and mines of the coldhy,\nres ing om ^e fmp0rtance 0f an unlimited supply of cheap coal must be obvious.\nMachinery may be generally introduced, and many manufactures and processes\nv *\u25a0 CD %\/ 7 \u00ab\/ ^\nin the arts originated, which would otherwise be impossible. Instead of\ntedious sailing craft, the colony may have steamers, railways, and greatly\nCD 7 v t7 7 v\" \/ ^\"J J\nfacilitated land and water carriage, machinery for cotton spinning, saw and\nflour mills, and many manufactures.\nHer minerals, both native and imported, may be smelted and made\navailable on the spot, instead of being sent in the rough state to a foreism\n-L * CD CD o\nmarket, and sold at a great disadvantage; while by these means her commerce\nwill receive an impulse, and the traffic of her merchant steamers will be\ngreatly increased.\nExportation of The exportation of Vancouver Island coal is increasing, and will soon be\nvaluable in itself, besides aiding the developement of commerce and shipping\nby its carriage. Nanaimo fortunately possesses a commodious, safe and easily\naccessible harbor, in which vessels of 1,500 tons can lie close to the mines,\nand load with facility, and will soon become an important coal-exporting\ndepot\u2014the Newcastle of the colony. Energetic measures are now in progress\nto develope the resources of its mines.\nThe export of coals from Nanaimo will be immensely increased when\na supply can be furnished commensurate with the demand, and the price be\nsomewhat reduced. The following statement of the imports of coal into. San\nFrancisco, will show that the quantity of Nanaimo coal imported during the\nfirst three months of -1862, nearly equalled that for the whole of the previous\nyear:\u2014 \u00bb\n%7\nTable 20.\u2014Statement of coals transported into San Francisco.\ncoal.\nVariety.\nEnglish\t\nCumberland\t\nChili \t\nSydney\t\nJapan\t\nCoos and Bellingham Bay (imported free of duty)\nAnthracite, (New York)\t\nVancouver Island (Nanaimo)\t\nJan. 1st to Dec.\nJ;\nm. 1st, to\n16th, 1861.\nMarch 15th, 1862\nm\nIons.\nTons.\n24,895\n5,036\n2.662\n2,876\n12,254\n12,304\n3,942\n25\n12)\n16,183\n2,535\n26,291\n5^176\n5,204\n4,235\nAdvantages to ^ne following table will show the advantage as to price, which the coal\naccrue when of Nanaimo will have in the San Francisco and other markets* in the Pacific,\nprice is re- when its first cost at the mines, which is now so very high, can be reduced :\u2014\nduced, J \u00b0 \\\nTable 21.\u2014Prices of different varieties of Coal at Vancouver Island, San\nFrancisco, &c.\nVariety.\nPrice at the\nMines.\nPrice at\nVictoria.\nPrice at San\nFrancisco.\nPrice in\nChina.\nDollars.\n6 to 7\nDollars.\n9 to 10\nDollars.\n12 to 15\n12 to 15\n15 to 20\nDollars.\n15 to 20 APPENDIX.\nHer proximity to the markets of the Pacific, and the ultimate cheapness Prospect of an\nof hei coal, will enable Vancouver Island to compete successfully in supplying fn*,^6^trade\nthe greater part of that ocean, in many parts of which colonies are springing.'\nChina, and Eastern Asia generally, are being opened up to commerce ; steamers\nnow ply frequently across its previously little traversed waters, and the consumption of coal is daily increasing. The demand has hitherto been supplied at high prices by the coal-fields of the Pacific itself, but principally by\nEngland.\nThe more important coal-fields of the Pacific are those of Panama, Chili,\nAustralia, and NewJZealand, Labuan, and the more recently discovered mines\nof Nanaimo. The Labuan coal is of inferior quality; moreover, the climate\nbeing unhealthy, the mines are imperfectly worked, and are not likely ever\nto rival those of this colony. The coal of Panama, Chili, New Zealand,\nand Australia, is good, but the many obvious advantages which this island\npossesses for exporting coal, together with it abundance, cheapness, and\nquality, will ultimately enable it in a great measure to supplant the English,\nChilian, and other coals now sold in the San Francisco, and other markets,\nand Vancouver Island will thus become the chief source of supply, if not for\nthe entire Pacific, at least for all but the countries in the more immediate\nneighbourhood of these other mines.\nThe Coos Bay coal is a lignite or brown tertiary coal, similar to that\nfound in a thin seam on the south bank of the Fraser River, near its mouth ;\nand the Bellingham Bay coal, now imported into San Francisco in considerable quantities, is inferior to that of Nanaimo, so that neither of these can\nprevent the latter from monopolising the supply.\nOne of the principal markets for the coal of Nanaimo, will be the coast Market for\nof Eastern Asia, and the large and rapidly increasing steam fleets, naval and coa.lm Eastern\nmercantile, which ply along that coast, which now draw their supply prin- Asia*\ncipally from England at high prices.\n(On the 31st August, 1861, [the British Fleet in China consisted of\neleven gun-boats and nineteen of larger size, making a total of thirty vessels\nand 6,340 horse power.) BRITISH >COLUMBIA,\nr\\PPENDI\nS\nPreamble.\nRepeal of B. C\nJoint Stock\nAN OPvDINANCE TO AMEND THE LAW RELATING TO\nJOINT STOCK COMPANIES.\n[8th March, I860.]\n^THEPtEAS it is expedient that the laws relating to the. Incorporation,\nRegulation, and Win ding-ap of Trading Companies and other Asso-\nO O XT O x\nciations should be consolidated and amended :\nBe it therefore enacted by the Governor of British Columbia, by and\nwith the advice and consent of the Legislative Council thereof, as follows :\u2014\n1. The \"British Columbia Joint Stock Companies' Act,\" and the\nJointstoci \u00ab Mining Joint Stock Companies' Ordinance, 1864,\" are hereby repealed*\n\\jO. s Act, and. r\u00bb\u00bb . , n ,-> -*\u25a0 \u2022 i -.-\u00bb i \u2022 , j \u2022 _li n \u2022 c\nMining J. S. & An Act. of the Imperial Parliament, passed m the session or\nOrdinance, Parliament, holden in the 25th and 26th years of the reign of Her;\n*864* . , * . Majesty Queen Victoria, chap. 89, intituled \" The Companies' Act, 1862,\"\nimperial ivct. \u25a0 . . .,. -i v r\nThe Compa- snail, from and. alter the passing ot the Ordinance, be and nave, as far as\nnies'Act,1862, practicable, and save as hereinafter altered and modified, the force of law in\n\u2022 i\u00bb I 7 7\nin force. j.i.;\u201e n~i~ ~\ntms Colony.\n3. The expression \"the Court,\" as used therein, shall, instead of the\nThe expression \" The\n. interpretation given thereto in clause 81 of such Act, mean the Supreme\nmean the Su- Court of Civil Justice of British Columbia^ and any judge of such last men-\npreme Court tioned court shall have and exercise all the powers in and' by the said Act\n. ?f ^fi^.\", conferred upon the Lord Chancellor and Vice Chancellor.\ntice of British m. L . . , .\nColumbia. . m* ine power given to companies to empower any person as then*\nJudge thereof attorney, to execute deeds in their behalf, in any place not situate in the\n^te^of United Kingdom, shall apply to the execution of deeds in this Colony, and\noi -Lord Onan- Q > ; -, \/-.\ncellor. such authority shall include a power to companies m this Colony to empower\n-Powerto exe- an attorney to execute deeds on their behalf in the United Kingdom.\nCUte deeds out k \\ii r li i .r- r\\ v i n i j.1- j.t_\nof the United <-*\u2022 -^^ *ees Payable under this Ordinance snail be the samo as those\nKingdom. payable under \" The- Companies' Act, 1862,\" provided, however, that such\nTT* V*i J. v * * -1- \u00ab\ni! ees payanie snall \"be collected in the ordinary way, and not by stamps, and be paid into\ntoe same as \u25a0, m n ii \u2022 \/-s i \u25a0 o\nthose in *ne -Treasury ot this Colony to the n\nJSngland.\nnse of Her Majesty, her Heirs and\nSue\ncessors.\n6. Until some other person or persons shall be appointed in that\nColonial\nSecretary to behalf by the Governor, the Colonial Secretary of British Columbia shall\n^s^ns^Med have and exercise all the powers and duties of the Board of Trade, in the\nTrade. said Act mentioned. The Official Liquidator therein mentioned shall be\nappointed by the said Supreme Court of Civil Justice.\nPublic notices, 7. Notices, by the said Act required to be published in the gazettes\nhow given. anc[ newspapers therein mentioned, shall, instead thereof, be published in\nthe Government Gazette, and in such other newspapers as may be ordered.\nMining Com- 8. When companies are formed in this Colony for mining purposes,\npanies formed rj paperg anc| documents required to be registered under the said Act with\nhere may be i i . e -r - c, i n - \u2022 ii c \u2022 i\nincorporated the Registrar ot Joint iStock Companies may, instead thereof, be registered\nby obtaining with any Gold Commissioner or Assistant Gold Commissioner; provided,\nCertificate of .i . \u2022 \" -i i i \u201e\u25a0 i, -n i -i v -\\ > i \u2022 \u2022 i \u201ev x\u201e\n\u25a0Ra\u00abr.-Q+T.a4-4\u00ab\u00ab that in such cases, every such document shall be delivered to him in duplicate,\nfrom a Gold and upon receipt of the same, and of the fees for registration, and upon the\n. XX 7 CD 7 X\nCommis- requirements of the Act being fulfilled, such company shall receive from the\nsaid Gold Commissioner the usual Certificate of Registration, and upon such\ncertificate being granted, the company shall be deemed to be duly incorpo- APPENDIX.\n1 OO\nloo\nrated, and the duplicate of all such documents above mentioned, and of the\nCertificate of Registration shall be forthwith transmitted by such Gold\nCommissioner to the Registrar of Joint Stock Companies, and such Certificate of Registration shall have the same force and effect as if it had been\no\n1 r.V.r.n Vv\/-w -nrt^rt*-CT\/->\/l\ngranted bv such Registrar, and shall be received in any court as evidence\nin like manner as the Certificate of Registration of such Registrar.,\n9. All the requirements of the said Act as to Registration thereunder,\nof companies already registered, shall apply as well to mining companies now\nformed in this Colony under the \" Mining Joint Stock Companies' Ordinance,\n1864,\" as to all other Joint Stock Companies formed under the Joint Stock\nCompanies' Act hereby repealed * and all the provisions of Part IX. of the\nsaid Act, save as hereinbefore altered, shall apply lo all Mining companies\nheretofore or hereafter incorporated.\n10. Nothing heiein contained shall in any way be construed to inter-\nCD ** **\nfere with the provisions of the \" Gold Mining Ordinance, 1865 :\" but all the\nprovisions for wiriding up companies under this Ordinance shall be extended\nand applied to Mining Companies registered under the provisions of Part\nVII. of the said \" Gold Mining Ordinance, 1865.\"\nxtequirements\nas to Registration of\nCompanies'\nActs. 1862, and\nPart IX. shall\napply to all\nincorporated\ncom\nExcept to\ncompanies registered under\nthe Gold\nMining Ordinance, 1865.\n1. ?he General Orders and Rules for regulating the practice and mode General Orders and Rules\nof procedure under this Ordinance in this Colony, shall be those of the High\nf November,\ntne 25th\nday\nof 25th No-\nCourt of Chancery of England, bearing date ue ^ym , vpmhpr ira\n1862 ; provided, that it shall be lawful for the Judge of the Supreme Court in force here,\nof Civil Justice of British Columbia, with the sanction of the Governor, to\nmodify or alter the same when expedient.\nv x\n12. This Ordinance shall be cited as \"The Companies' Ordinance, Short Title.\n1866\/ 134\nBRITISH COLUMBIA, APPENDIX.*\nAverage prices of various articles of use or consumption :-\nSterling.\nWheaten Flour, per barrel of 196 lbs 2\nWheat, per lb 0\nWheaten Bread, per lb 0\nHorned Cattle, per head 20\nHorses \u201e .\u00a320 to 30\nSheep \u201e 1\nGoats \u201e 2\n7 7 *\nSwine \u201e 2\nMilk,pergall 0\nButter (fresh), per lb 0\n jj 0\n......I!...!..!.!\".......... 0\n 0\n 0\n 0\n 0\n 0\n .- 0\n 0\n 0\nButter (salt)\nCheese\nBeef\nMutton\nPork\nRice\nCoffee\nTea\nSugar\nSalt\na\na\nm\na\na\na\na\n55\nS.\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n8\n0\n0\n2\n2\n2\n9.\nd.\n0\nu\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0\n0 10\n0 10\n0 10\nii\n0\n1\n6\n0\n0\n6\n6\n2\n4\n4\n6\n0\n7\n2\n0\n0\n0\n0\nPrices of\nvarious\narticles.\nPrices increase\nWine, per bottle 0\nBrandy ,, , , 0\n97 7 7\nBeer, per gall. 0\nTobacco, per lb 0\nThese prices do not apply to the interior or the mines.\nfrom 10 to 50 per cent., as the mines are reached.\nAverage rats of Wages for Juahor:\u2014\nPer mensem.\nPredial $30 to $50\n-p. ,. f White, -$30 to $50\nDomestic too distant, grizzlies or\nbrown bears as too fierce, and mountain goats and sheep as too wild and\ninaccessible in their retreats among the mountains.\nIf large game is an attraction, elk, the size of a Kerry cow, can readjly Elk.\nbe met with on the coast.- Keeping to windward of them, they are not\n1 O 7 97\ndifficult to apprdach, and once within the band, and a shot fired, they\nbecome confused, and an easy prey to the hunter.' The antlers are five feet\nor so in width, and weigh upwards of thirty pounds; the meat is excellent.\nLike all the deer tribe, they are found in winter in valleys near the\ncoast, and in the heat of summer prefer central lakes and hill tops, where\nthey can catch the breeze, and avoid the flies, which would otherwise torment\nthem.\nDeer, being capital swimmers, prefer the groups of small islands to the\nmainland, and a party of half a dozen hunters willL after an absence of a\nfortnight or three weeks, occasionally bring back to Victoria as many as\n*w 7 97 CD *7\nthirty or forty, weiglnng 100 pounds, to 150 pounds each. The Indians\nsnare them in pitfalls, and kill them in traps. But' the slaughter is greatest\nin snow crusted over with ice, strong enough to bear a man, but which the\npointed foot of the deer, aided by its spring, too readily penetrates, and the\nanimal is soon overtaken. The venison is seldom so good as that of the\nparks of England.\n: The black bear too is easily met with, and is never known to attack Black Bear.\ntill wounded, or in defence of cubs; some are very large. If young, the\nflesh is excellent, but rather too like pork; but old bear is tough, and the\nstrong smell, which no amount of cooking can neutralise, is far from enticing.\nThey are generally seen where berries are abundant, or among charred\nstumps of thep* own colour, and usually stand up to look at an intruder\nbefore decamping, presenting a capital j mark to fire at. They are difficult\nto kill, and even when shot through the heart, are active for some time\nafter.\nTo see one of these animals steeple-chasing over the fallen timber of the 142\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nforest, or spring up a tree in its native state, it is difficult to conceive its\nbeing similar to that we have seen so tame and spiritless in the menagerie,\nand conclude that there, though the body was living, \" the heart must\nhave been dead.\"\nPuma, The puma, formidable as it looks, is far from courageous; it will dart\nup a tree from the smallest dog. To sheep, it is very destructive; once\nwithin the fold it seizes them successively by the throat, and rapidly sucks\nthe blood; even a man would be in danger if asleep in the vicinity of\none.\nWolves. The wolves are of different colours, and larger &an a Newfoundland dog;\nthey are excessively shy.\nTo meet with any large game, the sportsman has now, as might be expected, to go several miles from the settlement. His equipment for this\npurpose should consist of a double rifle with one sight, adjusted for point blank\nshooting only, with strong charge, up to one hundred yards, a hunting knife,\n\"and ammunition, and oil skin and blanket, and an Indian or two, to carry the\ngame and keep the track, retracing, if required, in which department they\nexcel. Dogs, unless remarkably well trained, are better dis[>ehsed with.\nDnck shoot- Of feathered game the duck shooting is decidedly the best sport upon\nin\u00a3' the coast. Of these, there are fifteen or more different kinds; the best are\nfound at river deltas, and in swamps,, where, as you walk, they continue to\nrise straight up, often at the sportsman's feet. Away from the settlement a\ngood shot has killed thirty and forty in a day.jt'A good retriever is indispensable, and I may add that there is nothing bike an Eley cartridge and\nlarge bore for taking them down.\nGeese. Geese of several sorts are also abundant, so much so, that in places I\nhave seen Indian boys stalk, and kill them with bows and arrows. At night\nt66 they sometimes steal upon a flock, rush light in hand, and wring the\nnecks of a considerable number. But the greatest numbers of wijd fowl\n'fire killed in this curious way : The Indians observe the path in air, at the\nentrance of a river or elsewhere, through which dense flocks of wild fowl\npass. While the birds are at rest or feeding, a net is fixed vertically at the\nproper level, being attached to poles planted some hundreds of feet apart.\nThe birds are suddenly startled, and fly against the net with such rapidity,\nthat they fall stupefied, and are easily clubbed by Indians, who rush upon\n* them from an ambush close by. A punt, gun, and swivel, with which to\nsupply the market, would even as a speculation succeed.\nSwans. Swans are very wary and difficult to bag; they are found sometimes on\nthe lakes, sometimes on salt water. At the head of Alberni Canal, I saw five\ntogether.\nThe coast shooting has this great advantage over the grouse shooting,\n%hat the inconvenience of struggling through the bush is avoided.\nDusky Grouse The dusky grouse is large, two and a half pounds' weight, sits all day\ndrumming in a pine top, or cleft in a rock, and at night and morning\ncomes down to feed.\nWillow The willow grouse is smaller, of a brown colour, and is generally found\nGrouse. in the neighbourhood of water.\nCD\nBoth are scarce near the settlements, being very easily shot, as if missed\non rising, they settle in the nearest tree. Of either, even far from the\nsettlement, is difficult to bag more than five to ten brace. A good pointer is\nSnipe. indispensable, as they lie very close. Snipe, on the contrary, increase with\ncultivation; in one field I put up forty or fifty. Besides the above, tall'\nCranes. buff cranes, standing four or five feet high, are stalked in the plains, and\nmake good soup.\nIt fS interesting to observe the rapid increase of small birds near the\nhi]\nK ! APPENDIX.\nsettlements, in proportion as birds of prey, such as eagles, hawks, kites, u Jl BJ-J\u00abILHJ \u25a0 .1U\u00bb6.4ii4jji\u00a34.\nimim -Ju_\u00bb\u00bb^jr4-L^j\u00abriisgtnj>tiiw>_'4imtj-jug\nNationality of Vessels.\nWith Cargoes.\nUnited Kingdom..\nBritish Possessions\nFrench\t\nNorth German ...\nNorwegian\t\nUnited States\t\nTotal .\n1 ^\nCO\nat\ncs\t\nco\n>\n10\n168\n2\n1\n1\n79\n261\nTons,\n550\n35,723\n1.011\n'428\n681\n39,624\n83,020\n9\nr-l\nQ\nIn Ballast.\n145\n1^48\n25 j\n10\n15|\nos\nOQ\n0)\n!>\n2\n447\n1,612\n3,656\n125\n574\n1,484\n49,917\n40,788\n90,189\nCQ\no\nr-l\nQ\n44\n2,834\n1,841\n4,719\n2>\nCO\n>\n12\n615\n2\n1\n1\n204\nTotal.\no\n7,037\n83,640\n1,011\n428\n681\n80,412\n835 173,209\nIS\nCO\nrH\nD\n189\n4,682\n25\n10\n15\n3,45V\n8,375 APPENDIX.\n147 148\nBRITISH COLUMBIA. APPENDIX.\n149 150\nBRITISH COLUMBIA. APPENDIX.\n151 BRITISH COLUMBIA. APPENDIX*.\n153\nAPPENDIX AA.\nMEMORANDUM BY THE HON. J. W. TRUTCH,\nCommissioner of Land and Works, in reply to a letter, treating on the\ncondition of the Indians in Vancouver Island, addressed to the Secretary of the Aborigines Protection Society: by Mr. William S. Sebright\n97 O J 7 97 O\nGreen.\nMr. Green's letter contains a series of allegations against the Govern- Reply to Mr.\nment, most of which are so entirely inconsistent with facts, and in the Green's letter.\nremainder of which the truth is so strangely distorted, that his statements\nin this matter, and the deductions drawn by him therefrom, urgently require\nto be met with the most distinct and positive refutation.\nIt is not true, as he avers, that in this Colony* we have \" no Indian\nPolicy whatever,\" that \"there are no Indian Agents.\" and that the only\nt, 7 CD 7 *>\nfriends the Indians have in the Colonv, are the Missionaries.\nv 7\nOn the contrary, for the past ten years at least, during which I have p^j^y 0{ the\nresided in this Colony, the Government appears to me to have striven to the Government\nextent of its power, to protect and befriend the native race : and its declared Ln respect of\npolicy has been that the Aborigines should in all material respects be on the\nsame footing in the eye of the law as people of European descent, and that\nthey should be encouraged to live amongst the white settlers, in the country,\nand so, by their example, be induced to adopt habits of civilization.\nIn the more settled districts, the Indians do now reside mostly in the\nsettlements, working for the white settlers, eating similar food, and wearing\nsimilar clothing, and having, to a great extent, relinquished their former wild\nprimitive mode of live.\nIn these respects the native race has undoubtedly derived very material\nX 9\/ *7\nbenefit from their contact with white people, whilst it is unhappily equally\ncertain that it has thence contracted a large share of the vices, and attendant\ndisease, which have ever been inevitably entailed by the European races on\nthe Indians of this continent, amongst whom they have settled.\n7 O v\nThis policy towards the Indians has been consistently carried out, so far\nas I am aware, by successive Governors, and under it the Indians have\nassuredly, as Mr. Green states, \" been made amenable to English laws,\" but\nit is somewhat more than exaggeration to write, as he has done, that the\nIndians have been suffered to shoot and kill one another within rifle shot of\nthe citv, without interference.\nv 7\nIt may be, and I believe is a faet^ that during the past ten years there\nhave been instances of Indians having shot and killed one another in the\noutskirts of Victoria, without having been apprehended, but they certainly\nhave not been suffered to do so.\nOn the contrary, had\nb(\n*-n detected\nin the commission of such\ncrimes, thev would most assuredly have been tried and punished according to\n7 97 * X O\nEnglish law. In fact, Indians have been tried -for this very crime in Victoria,\nand hanged.\nAt the trial of all such offenders counsel have been assigned by the Indians pro-\nJudge for their defence, unless socially provided by themselves or their tec-ted when\nfriends, preoiselv as though they had been white men.\n10\u201420\non BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nDuties of\nMagistrates\nTitles to lane\nAgreements\nwith Indians.\nCowichan\nsettlement.'\nEor it must be pointed out, that Mr. Green is again positively incorrect\nin stating, as he has done, that the defence of Indians \" is a mere matter of\nchance.\" There is no more of the element of chance in this respect as regards\nan Indian on his trial, than would affect a white man similarly circumstanced.\nMoney must of course always have its effect in securing the services of\n97 97 CD\nable counsel, and in other ways, when a man is under trial for any offence\n7 J 7 97\nagainst the law ; but in this respect a poor Indian is no worse off than a poor\nwhite man; indeed, he is probably not so friendless, as the Judges in this\nColony have always made it their special care that Indians on trial should\nbe at least at no disadvantage on account of their being Indians. The\nMagistrates too, throughout the Colony, are the specially constituted .protectors of the Indians against injustice. They are in fact \" Indian Agents \"\nin all but the name; and I am confident that they have so performed this\nwell understood branch of their duty, that as full a measure of protection\nand general advantage has been bestowed on the Indians, through their\nagency, bv Government, out of the pecuniary means at its disposal for this\nO 9\/7 U * J 9f X\npurpose, as could have been afforded to them through the medium of a\nspecial Indian Department. The Indians have in fact' been held to be the\nspecial wards of the Crown, and in the exercise of this guardianship Government has, in all cases where it has been considered desirable for the interests'\nof the Indians, set apart such portions of the crown lands as were deemed\nproportionate to, and amply Sufficient for the requirements of each tribe; and\nthese Indian reserves are held by the Government, in trust, for the exclusive\nuse and benefit of the Indians resident thereon.\nBut the title of the Indians in the fee of the public lands, or any\nportion thereof, has never been acknowledged by Government, but, on the\ncontrary, is distinctly denied.\nIn no case has any special agreement been made with any of the tribes\nof the mainland, for the extinction of their claims of possession.\nBut these claims have been held to have been fully satisfied by securing\nJ J CD\nto each tribe, as the progress of the settlement of the country seemed to\nrequire, the use of sufficient tracts of land for their wants, for agricultural\nand pastoral purposes.\nIn 1850 and 1851, shortly after the first settlement of Victoria, by the\nHudson's Bay Company, at that time grantees from the Crown of the whole\n\u00ab\/ x v * CD\nof Vancouver Island, with full executive powers of Government, their\nagent, Governor Douglas, made agreements with the various families of\nIndians then occupying the south-eastern portion of the Island for the\nrelinquishment of their possessory claims in the district of country around\nEort Victoria, in consideration of certain blankets and other goods presented\nto them. But these presents were, as I understand, made for the purpose of\nsecuring friendly relations between these Indians, and the settlement of\nVictoria, then in its infancy, and certainly not in acknowledgement of any\n97 7 9j CD t\ngeneral title of the Indians to the lands thev occupv.\nO 97 X V\nIn reference to the Cowichan settlement, it appears from the records, for\nI cannot speak of this matter from personal knowledge, as I had no official\nconnection with Vancouver Island until the year before last, that portions of\nthe Cowichan Valley were surveyed by Government, and sold in 1859. The\nsettlement dates therefore from that year, although the unoccupied lands in\nthis district were not thrown open for pre-emption until 1862. When these\nlands were suiweyed certain sections, containing in all 4,635 acres, were set\napart as reserves for the use of the Cowichan Indians, and are now held in\ntrust by Government, for that purpose, with the exception of about 500\nacres, which have been since withdrawn from this reservation with the\nconsent, as appears from the recorded correspondence in this office, of the\nIndians interested therein. APPENDIX.\nI can find no record of any promise having been made, to these Indians\nthat they should, be paid for the lands in the Cowichan Valley, which they\nmay have laid claim to, nor can I leam that anv such promise has ever been\n4\u00bb \u00ab\/ X _\nmade, but it is probable that the Cowichan Indians, when the white people began\nto settle amongst them, may have expected, and considered themselves entitled\nO \u25a0 7 97 1\nto receive for the lands which they held to be theirs, similar donations to\nthose which had\nyears previously,\nNo promise of\ncompensation\non record.\nsen presented to their neighbours, the Saanich Indians\nbefore mentioned, on their relinquishing their claims to\nthe lands around their villages. It is-further very likely that it was Governor\nDouglas' intention that such gratuities\nsnou\nId\noe\nbestowec\ni\non tins\ntrib\nalthough no direct promise to that effect had been made, and, in effect,\npresents of agricultural implements and tools were authorized to be made to\nDc\nhad\ntnem tnroug'r tins Department last year, although no demands for payment\nfor\nthei\nit\nli\nmas\nto\nmy knowledge been made by these Indians? from\nGovernment.\nIt'is unfortunately only too true that the lasv forbidding the sale of\n\u2022liquor to Indians, although efficacious in the country districts, especially on\nthe mainland, is virtually inoperative in Victoria and its neighbourhood, as\nits provisions, strict as they are. are evaded by an organized system between\nX 7 9J X 9, CD 97\nwhite men, who make the vile liquor for this trade, and the Indian traders,\nwho purchase it in quantities to be retailed to their Indian customers on\nthe reserves. Government has endeavoured to suppress this most baneful\ntraffic, but the profits are so considerable, that those engaged in it in a wholesale way Cannot be tempted to become informers, and it is only occasionally\n.that even the minor agents are apprehended and punished, whilst the principal\noffenders, some of whom it is hinted are \" most respectable \" persons, cannot\nbe traced.\nIt is easy for Mr. Green to say \" he could point out at least a dozen\n9j 9\/1\n>ale of Uouor.\nmen known to be engaged in this nefarious traffic,\nbut it would no doubt have\nbeen difficult for him to have proved this which he asserts as a known fact,\nX 7\notherwise he would surely have evidenced his earnestness in the cause of\nthose on whose behalf he writes, by giving such information to the police as\nmight have led to the punishment of these offenders.\nProstitution is another acknowledged evil prevailing, to alrnjQst an\nunlimited extent among the Indian women, in the neighbourhood of Victoria j\nbut the prevention of this vice is at least as difficult to effect here as in\nmore civilized communities, and the only direct step towards this result\nthat appears open to the Government to take, would be \u2022 to remove the\nentire Indian population to a distance of some miles from Victoria * a course\nagainst which both the Indians themselves, and the majority of the white\ninhabitants would most strenuously protest for a variety of reasons. But this\ncourse must be adopted before any measures for the improvement, in this\nrespect, of the moral and social condition of the Indian population can be\ncarried into effect with any hope of success.\nIn direct refutation of the charges of utter neglect and inhuman treatment of the Indians at Victoria, during the prevalence of small pox in\n1868, which Mr. Green makes against the Government, it will be sufficient\nfor me to recount what came under my own observation in reference to\nthis subject.\nSome time during the autumn of that year, whilst this disease was at its\nheisrht, Mr. Young, at that time Acting Colonial Secretary, called my aiten-\nO 7 CD7 CD V * \u00ab.\ntion to a leading article in that morning's \" British Colonist,\" of which Mr.\nGreen was then Editor, which contained most exaggerated representations\nof the horrible condition of the Indians on the reserve of Victoria, under\nthis visitation, and charges against Government of having utterly failed to\ntake any steeps to prevent the spread of the fell contagion, or to alleviate\nProstitution.\nTreatment of\nIndians suffer^\ning from small\npox. BSBB\n116\nStfct omenta of\nHe. Davie.\nDeaths from\nemail pox.\n1\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nthe sufferings of those attacked by it, or even to provide for the burial of its\nvictims * statements, in fact, of a character and tenor identical with the\ncharges which are so broadly made in the letter now under reference. Mr.\nYoung informed me that although he knew these statements had no foundation\nin fact, he was then going to investigate the matter thoroughly, and would be\nglad if I would accompany him. Accordingly, Mr. Young, Mr. Pemberton,\nPolice Magistrate of Victoria, and myself, went at once to the Indian reserve,\nand spent some hours in inspecting the Indians' houses, hospital, graveyard,\n&c, and in inquiring into the arrangements that had been made by-the Police\nMagistrate, with the assistance cf the Rev. Mr. Owens, at that time residing\non the Reserve, in charge of the Church of England Indian Mission thereon,\nand who also joined in our inspection. We found but few, only three, cases\nof small pox then existing on the reserve, and these patients were in care of\nan attendant paid by Government, in a building erected by Government\nI 97 *_? V\nspecially as a small pox hospital, and linger medical treatment, also provided\nby Gov <.T*mient. Those who had died on the reserve, and in the town of\nVictoria, had been decently buried, to the number of about fifty, that being\n97 7 v 7 CJ\nthe number of newly made graves.\nWe could not verify whether these represented all the deaths up to that\ntime from small-pox, among the Indians, but we certainly saw no dead bodies\nof Indians left unburied on the reserve, or elsewhere in the neighbourhood\nof the town, nor did we learn that even one such dead body had been found\n\" on the rocks outside the harbor,\" where Mr. Green says \" hundreds of bodies\nwere left unburied.\" The shanties which had been occupied by the small-pox\niwrtients, together with their clothes and bedding, had been carefully burnt,\nand from all that we saw on the reserve, and from the information furnished\nto us by the Rev. Mr. Uwens, Mr. Pemberton, and others, we were satisfied\nthat all practicable measures were being taken for the proper care of the\nIndian sufferers from small pox, and for the prevention of the spread of the\ndisease.\nI will only add in confirmation of the correctness of the impressions\nthen formed to the above effect, that this subject was brought under discussion\nduring the last session of the Legislative Council, by the late Dr. Davie, then\nMember for Victoria District, who speaking of his own knowledge, as he had\nbeen unremitting in his professional services to the Indians, as well as to white\npersons afilieted with small-pox, and who, being one of the medical officers\nappointed by Government for this purpose, had frequently visited this reserve\non such charitable errands, bore testimony to the zeal and unshrinking\ndisregard of the danger of contagion, which has been exhibited by those to\nCD CD ^D 7 9\/\nwhom the duty of taking care of the Indians during the late visitation had\nbeen entrusted, and especially by Sergeant Bowden, the Inspector of Police,\nwhose services in this respect he solicited the Government to acknowledge by\nsome complimentary gratuity ; and the rest of the Council having joined in\nthis representation, after a discussion, in which the treatment of the Indians\nduring the prevalence of the small-pox was fully debated and approved of\u2014\nthe Governor was pleased to comply with their request.\nI have since ascertained that the deaths from small-pox among the\n1 CD\nIndians in 1868, as reported by the Police Magistrate, amounted, including\nchildren, to eighty-eight (88), and that about $2,000 were expended by\"\nGovernment, in the care of, and medical attendance on these sufferers, and in\nthe burial of the dead.\nUnhappily indeed, the disease ^was fatal enough in reality to the white\nas well as the Indian population, to need no such imaginative exaggera-\nx x 7 0 00\ntion as Mr. Green, from motives which I will not undertake to determine,\nalthough they are, I believe, sufficiently apparent in the conclusion of his\nletter, has allowed his pen to picture. APPENDIX.\nMost of the Indians from the outlying districts along the coast fled from Communica'\nthe city in their canoes, by the advice of the authorities, but under no com- j|lou con\"\npulsion, at the first outbreak of the contagion, but unfortunately not in time\nto escape its ravages, for they carried its infection with them, and those\nattacked with the dreaded disease on their wav homeward, were left by their\n9, 7 tj\nfriends on the shore to perish untended.\nMany Indians died in this way, in addition to those whose deaths at\n9} 97 7\nVictoria were registered, but I am unable to perceive what measures it was\nin the power of the Government to take, other than those which were adopted,\nfor the protection and succour of the white and Indian population alike.\nI will only remark further on the general subject of the condition of the Views of the\nIndians in this Colony, that it is unhesitatingly acknowledged to be the question,\npeculiar responsibility of Government to use every endeavour to promote the\ncivilization, education, and ultimate christianization of the native races\nwithin our territory, and that any practical scheme for advancing this object,\nwhich it would be within the scope of the pecuniary aBility of the Colony to\ncarry into effect, would be adopted with alacrity. At present this good work\nis almost exclusively in the hands of Missionaries of various denominations,\nand much has been effected by their labors in those stations where the\nIndians under their teaching\" are not subject to those temptations which seem\nalmost inevitably to overcome them when brought into close contact with the\nwhite population in the towns. But Government, although giving cordially\nto these Missions every countenance and moral support in its power, has\nfound it impracticable to grant them any pecuniary aid, from the consideration\nthat by so doing, it would be involved in the invidious position of appearing\nto give a special state aid to particular religious bodies.\n13th January, 1870.\n(Signed)\nJOSEPH W, TRUTCH.\n\/ 15*\nBRfTTSH COLUMBIA.\nAPPENDIX BB.\nOpinions\ndivided as to\ntreatment of\nIndians.\nDisadvantages\nof American\nsystem.\nCost of the\nAmerican\nsystem.\nLETTER FROM HIS LORDSHIP THE BISHOP OF MILETOPOLIS\nAND VICAR APOSTOLIC OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nTo the Honorable PL L. Langevin,\nMinister of Public Works, Ottawa.\nSir,\u2014Your visit to this distant land has shown us what a lively interest\nthe Federal Government takes in the Province of British Columbia, which,\nthough the last annexed to the Dominion of Canada, will not, we hope, be\nthe least productive of good results.\nYou came to this Province to fulfil an honorable and important mission,\nand with that object in view you were pleased to see for yourself, and to examine everything attentively in order to acquire a better knowledge of indi-\n9\/ CD \u2022\/ X CD\nviduals and to obtain correct ideas as to the country.\nI believe that I shall meet your wishes and perform a duty by submitting\nto you my humble opinion as to the most advantageous system to be adopted\n\u2022J J x CD *7 x\nby the Federal Government in its relations with the Indians in this Province;\nI shall then address you on the subject of certain projects, which have doubtless not failed to attract the attention of the Federal Government.\nWith regard to the system which might be adopted by the Government\nin connection with the Aborigines, opinion is divided; some persons speak of\ncompelling the Indians of this Province, to collect on certain general reserves\nwhich would be set apart for them ad Jwc; if I do not mistake, that is the\nsystem which the Americans have adopted in their dealings with the Indians\nwho inhabit the territory bordering upon this Province.\nI am astonished, Sir, that those who know, or who have been in a position to know the deplorable consequences of such a system, can be desirous\nof seeing it adopted and carried into operation in British Columbia. It\nappears to me that experience has sufficiently proved: 1st. That if it is\ndifficult to compel wandering tribes, who live in tents, to leave the land of\nX CD 7 \/\ntheir ancestors, to reside upon distant reserves, it is almost impossible to\ninduce Indians who live in permanent villages to consent to leave their\nhouses, their fields and their burying places to which they are as attached\n\u00ab\/ CD X v\nas to life itself. 2nd. That to endeavour to compel these Indians, against\ntheir will, to leave the land of their birth -would be, at the least, imprudent\nand impolitic : such -a system might entail misfortune upon the settlers as\nX 7 i CD 1\nwell upon the Indians; who can say that the latter, considering themselves\nmolested, would not seek to avenge themselves, as has already occurred in\n7 CD 97\nthe case of the Americans'? It is true that the Indians would inevitably\nultimately succumb, they being the weaker, but it is no less true that a war\n97 7 %7 CD 7\nwith them wo,uld entail immense expenditure upon the Federal Government,\nand would retard for years the progress of this Province.\nIt is an historical fact that the system adopted by the Americans in their\nrelations with the Indians* has cost them millions of dollars, and has been\nproductive of barely a single good result. Who does not know that after the\nfrightful wars which cost so much blood and so much money, the Americans\nCD %f 7\nwere compelled, at least in the adjoining territory, to conform to the wishes\nof the Indians and leave them upon the land which they had demanded ? I\ntake pleasure in believing, Sir, that 'the Federal Government would be un- APPENDIX.\n159\nset apart, m each Indian village, a Suggestions\noer 01 the inhabitants. 2nd. That for the treat-\nwilling, to imitate our Yankee neighbors and to take as* their rule the law of\nthe strongest, a law which in our day is but too much in vogue ; I am satis\ntied that it will prefer to adopt a system which will prove more favorable, less\ncostly and less productive of inconvenience, and which will at the same time\n\nhave the advantage of. securing for the Government the confidence of the\nIndians and in that way ensuring for it powerful auxiliaries in case of war.\nTo attain this most desirable end, it would be sufficient, it appears to me:\u2014\n1st. That the Federal Government should se+-\nreserve of land proportionate to the numb.. __\na treaty should be made with the Indians for the extinction at the earliest f^a^g\npossible period of their titles to their lands. 3rd. That the sum of money to\nbe allowed to the Indians by the Government, should be applied to supplying\n\nthem, annually, either with agricultural implements and others such as axes,\nlarge saws, planes, &c, or with clothing and blankets as they may require\nand select.\nIf fears are entertained that certain Indians who still follow the old\ncustoms of savage life, would, abuse such gifts, we are in a position to assert\nthat a large maiority of those who are under our influence, far from making\n\na bad use of them, would derive the greatest advantages from them. The\n\nprogress which a large number of them have already made in civilization,\nleft as they were, so to speak, to themselves, proves what might be expected\nfrom them if the Government came to their assistance and took their interests\nto heart.\nIt is the intention of the Federal Government, I believe, to appoint Appointment\nagents whose special duty it will be to attend to the interests of theof Agents.\n\nAborigines. As an immense majority of the Christian Indians profess the\nCatholic faith, would it not be expedient that the local superintendent with\nwhom they will have to communicate, should be a Catholic, a similar advan-\n\ntage being granted to the Protestants ? The Federal Government will, I\n\ntrust, be pleased to take into consideration the wish expressed by about\n20,000 Indians, who are either Catholics or uninstructed, to have a Catholic\nsuperintendent with whom they may treat respecting their affairs. You will\nreadily observe, Sir, that by complving with their earnest desire, a way will\nbe found for acquiring their entire confidence.\nIt is also, without doubt, the intention of the Federal Government to Education of\ntake some steps for the education of the Aborigines. Indians. -\nOn this subject I may here be allowed to remark that, for the present, Day Schools,\nday-schools for the Indians would entail great expense without producing\nsatisfactory results. The fact is that the Indians have been in contact with\nthe whites for too short a time to enable them to understand or appreciate\nthe advantages of purely elementary education; besides, being compelled to\ngo upon hunting and fishing expeditions to provide food and sustenance for\ntheir families, they have not yet entirely abandoned their slightly nomadic\n\nway of life, so that it is difficult, not to say impossible, to exact from each\nchild that regular attendance at a day-school which is necessary to enable him\nto derive real benefit from it; the parents also are not disposed to send their\nchildren to the schools and the children are too fond of liberty not to prefer\naccompanyingtheir parents on their hunting and fishing expeditions to attending\nto receive instruction. The American Government have established day-schools\nfor the Indians in the adjacent territory, and not one of them has proved\na success. Experience has shown that the schools which are best adapted to\nthe wants of the Indians and to their way of life, are industrial and agricul- Industrial and\ntural schools, where the children are lodged, boarded and clothed, and at ^^u^tural\nwhich they spend several years in acquiring regular habits of order and dis-\n\ncipline and a taste and liking for work, while they receive elementary instruction at the samo time. It is a school or establishment of this description that\nSchools 160\nBRITISH COLUMBIA*\nwe have founded at St. Marie, in the mission district of St. Charles. This\nmission district includes the civil district of New Westminster, a part of the\ncivil district of Yale, and a part of that of Lillouet. This establishment,\nwhich receives Indian children from the above mentioned civil districts is\ndivided into two departments, one of which, for boys, is under the management of two Brothers ; the other, for girls, is under the management of two\nSisters of St. Anne. Veiy satisfactory results have been obtained, but our\nmeans being very much restricted, we are able to receive but a limited number of pupils. If the Federal Government would grant us assistance, as we\ntrust it will, and as we humbly request, we should'be able to receive a larger\nnumber of children. It i\u00a3 also our intention, if the Government can extend\naid to us, to found an establishment similar to that at St. Marie, in each of\nour mission districts, that is to say, in the district of the Immaculate Conception, Okanagan Lake, which comprises the civil districts of Okanagan and\nKootenay, and a part of that of Yale-Lytton ; in the district of St. Joseph,\nWilliam's Lake, which comprises a part of the civil district of Lillouet and\nthat of Cariboo; in the district of N. D. de Bonne Esperance (Stuarts's\nLake) which comprises the numerous civil districts of the north-east; and in the\ndistrict of St. Michael which comprises the Kakouals (Fort Rupert District). \u2022\nI have the honor to be, Sir,#\nYour very humble and obedient servant,\nA. LOUIS, 0. M. I.\nBishop of Miletopolis, Vicar Apostolic of British Columbia.*\nNew Westminster, 29th September, 1871. A DICTIONARY OF THE CHINOOK JARGON, OR INDIAN\nTRADE LANGUAGE OF THE NORTH PACIFIC COAST.\nPublished by T. N. Hibben and Co., Victoria.'B.C.\nPart I.\nCh,inook-v~JSnglish.\nAh-ha, adv. Yes.\nAhn-kut te, or Ahn-kot-tie. Formerly ; before now. With the accent prolonged on the first syllable\u2014A long time ago. Ex. Ahnkutte lakit\nsun, four days ago ; Tenas ahnkutte, a little while since.\nAl-ah. Expression of surprise. Ex. Alah mika chahko ! Ah ! you've come !\nAl-kie. Presently ; in a little while ; hold on; not so fast.\nAl-ta. Now \u2022 at the present time.\nA-mo-te. The strawberry.\nAn-ah, inter]. An exclamation denoting pain, displeasure or depreciation.\nEx. Anah nawitka mika halo shem\u2014Ah ! indeed you are without\nshame.\nAts, n. A sister younger than the speaker.\n7 97 O X\nA-yah-whul, v. To lend; borrow.\nBe-be. A word used towards children; a kiss; to kiss.\nBed, n. A bed.\nBit or Mit. A dime.\nBloom, n. A broom. Mamook bloom, to sweep.\nBoat. A boat, as distinguished from a canoe.\nBos-ton, n. adj. An American. Boston illahie, the United States,\nBur-dash. An hermaphrodite.\nCal-li-peen, n. A rifle.\nCa-nim, n. A canoe. Canim stick, the cedar or wood from which canoen\nare usually made.\nCa-po. A coat.\nChah-ko. To come : to become. Ex. Kansih mika chaco 1 when did you\ncome % Chahko kloshe, to get well.\nChak-chak. The bald eagle.\nChee. Lately ; just now ; new;. Chee nika ko, I have just arrived. Hyas\nchee, entirely new.\n7 J\nChet-lo or Jet-lo, w. An oyster.\nChik-a-min, n. adj. Iron; metal; metallic. T'Jkope chikarain, silver ; Pil\nchikamin, gold or copper. Chikamin lope, wire ; a chain.\nChik-chik. A wagon or cart.\n10\u201421 mtinnaiiittnnmn\n.163\nBBITI3H COLUMBIA.\nChil-chil. Buttons.\nChitsh, n. A grandmother.\nChope, n. A grandfather.\nCho-tub, n. A flea.\nChuck, n. Water; a river Or stream. Salt chuck, the sea; Skookum\nchuck, a rapid ; Solloks chuck, a i*ough sea; Chuck chaliko or kalipi, the\ntide rises or falls ; Saghilli and keekwillic chuck, high and low tide.\n\u2022 \u00bb ' O\nChuk-kin. To kick.\nClose. See Klose.\nCly, v. To cry.\nCole, adj. Cold. Cole iliahie, winter : Icht cole, a year; Col*1 sick waum\nsick, the fever and ague.\nComb. A comb. Mamook comb, to comb; Mamook comb iliahie, to\nharrow.\nCoo-ley. To run. Cooley kiuatan, a race-horse; Yahka hyas kumtuks\ncooley, he can, i.e. knows how to run well.\nCoop-coop, ft. Shell money. See Hykwa.\nCo-eho, n. A hog; pork. Siwash cosho, a seal. *\nCultus, adj. Worthless.; good-f6r-nothing; without purpose. Ex. Cultus\nman, a worthless fellow ; Cultus potlatch, a present or free gift; Cultus\nheehee, a jest, merely laughing; Cultus nannitsh, to look around;\nCultus mitlite, to sit idle; Cultus klatawa, to stroll. Ques. What do\nyou want *? Ans. Cultus\u2014i. e. nothing.\nDe-late. Straight; direct. Ex. Klatawa delate, go straight; Delate\nwauwau, tell the truth.\nDi-aub. The devil.\nD'ly. Dry. Chako dely, to become dry \u2022 Mamook dely, to dry.\nDoc-tin. A doctor.\nDol-la. A dollar; money. Chikamin dolla, silver ; Pil dolla, gold; Dolla\nsiaghost, spectacles.\n- E. . J--\nEh-kah-nam, n. A talc or story.\nEh-ko-li, n. A whale.\nEe-na, n. A beaver. Eena stick (literally beaver wood), the willow,\nEe-na-poo or In-a-poo. A louse. Sopen inapoo, a flea.\nEk-keh. A brother-in-law.\nE-la-iian. Aid; assistance; alms. Mamook elann, to help.\nE-lip. First; before; Elip lolo chuck, in the first place carry water; Eiip\nkloshe, best; Elip tillikum, the first people.\nE-li-te. A slave.\nE-salt'h. Indian corn or maize.\nGet-up. To get up ; rise.\nGlease. Grease. Hyiu glease, very fat: Too-toosh slease. butter.\nv CD v -7 CD W\nIf.\nHah-lakl. Wide ; open. Ex. Mamook hahlakl la pote, open the door.\nHaht-haht, n. The mallard duck. APPENDIX.\n163\nHak-at-shum, n. A handkerchief.\nHa-kx None; absent. Q. Halo salmon mika? have you no fish? A.\nHalo, none. Q. Kali mika papa? where is your father? A. Halo,\nhe is out. Halo wind, breathless; dead. Halo glease, lean. Halo\niktas, poor; destitute.\nHaul, v. To haul or pull.\nHee-hee, n. Laughter ; amusement. Cultus heehee, fun; Mamook heehee,\nto amuse; Heehee house, any place of amusement, as a tavern, bowling\nalley, : O. . .\nO-koke. This ; that; it. Iktah okook 1 what is that 1 Okook sun, to-day.\nOkook klaksta, he who. Okook klaBka, they (being present.)\nO-la-pits-ki. Fire.\n0-le\u00bbman. Old man. An old man ; old ; worn out. Hyas oleman kiuatan,\na very old horse.\n\u00a9Inliy-iu. A seal.\nO-lil-lie. Berries. Shot olillie, huckleberries. SiahpuH olillie, raspberries.\nSalmon olillie, salmon berries.\nO-lo. Hungry. Olo chuck, thirsty; olo moosum, sleepy.\nO-luk. A snake.\nOos-kan. A cup ; a bowl.\nO-pe-kwan. A basket; tin kettle.\nO-pitl-kegh. A bow. 17i\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nO-pit-sah. A knife. Opitsah yahka sikhs (the knife's friend), a fork\nO-poots. The posterior, the tail of an animal. Boat opoots, the rudder.\nOpoots-sill, a breech clout.\nOte-lagh. The sun.\nOw. A brother younger than the speaker.\nP.\nPahtl. Full. Pahtl lum or paht-lum, drunk. Pahtl chuck, wet\nPaint. Paint. Mamook paint, to paint.\nPapa. A father.\nPa-see-sie. A blanket; woollen cloth.\nPa-si-ooks. A Frenchman.\nPchih or Pit-chih. Thin'in dimensions.\nPe-chugh. Green.\nPee. Then ; besides; and; or ; but. Pee weght, and also ; besides which.\nPee nika wauwau wake, but I say, No.\nPeh-pah. Paper ; a letter ; any writing. Mamook pehpah, to write.\nPe?-*ton. A fool; foolish ; crazy. Kahkwa. pelt on, like a fool. Hyas pelton,\nmika, you are very silly. *\nr \u00ab\u25a0 9.\nPe-shak. Bad.\nPe-what-tie. Thin, like paper.\nPi-ah. Fire; ripe; cooked. Mamook piah, to cook; to burn. Piah ship, a\nsteamer. Piah ollifle, ripe berries. Piah sapolil, baked bread. Pfah\nsick, the venereal disease. Saghillie piah, lightning.\nPil. Red; of a reddish color. Pil iliahie, red clay or vermillion. Pil dolla,\ngold. Pil chikamin, copper. Pil kiuatan, a bay or chesnut horse.\nPil-pil. Blood. Mahsh pilpil, to bleed.\nPish. Fish.\nPit-lilh. Thick in consistence, as molasses.\nPiu-piu. To stink; a skunk.\nPoh. To blow. Mamook poh, to blow out or extinguish, as a candle.\nPo-lak-lie. Night; darkness; dark. Tenas polaklie, evening. Hyas polaklie,\nlate at night: verv dark. Sit-kum polaklie, midnight.\nO 7 9j * I O\nPol-lal-lie. Gunpowder; dust; sand. Polallie iliahie, sandy ground.\nPoo. The sound of a gun. Mamook poo, to shoot. Moxt poo, a double\n\u2022barrelled gun. Tohum poo, a six shooter.\nPoo-lie. Retteh.\nPot-latch. A gift; to give. Cultus potlatch, a present or free gift.\nPow-itsh. A crab apple.\nPuk-puk. A blow with the fist; a fist fight. Mamook pukpuk, to box ; to\nfight with the fists. Pukpuk solleks, to fight in anger.\nCD 1 CD CD\nPuss-\u00a3aiss. A cat.\n. ' s* ir\nSagh~ai-lie. Up : abore; high. Saghalie tyee (literally the chief above) God4\nSail. A sail; any cotton or linen goods. Mamook sail, to make sail.\nMamook keekwillie sail, to take in sail. Tzum sail, printed cloth or calico.\nSa-kol-eks. Leggings; trowsers; pantaloons. Keekwillie sakoleks, drawers.\nSal-lal. The saJlal berry.\nSalmon. The salmon. Tyee salmon, i.e., chief salmon, the spring salmon.\nSalt. Salt or a salt taste. Salt chuck, the sea.\nSan-de-lie. Ash colored; a roan horse; roan colored.\nSap-o-lill. Wheat; flour or meal. Piah sapolil 1, baked bread. Lolo\nsapolill, whole wheat. Se-ah-host. The face : the eyes. Halo seahhost, blind. Icht seahhost, one-\neyed.\nSe-ah-po. A hat or cap. Seahpo olillie, the raspberry.\nShame or Shem. Shame. Halo shem mika] arn't you ashamed of yourself ?\nShan-tie. To sing.\nShe-lok-um. A looking glass; glass.\nShip. Ship or vessel. Stick ship, a sailing vessel. Piah ship, a steamer.\nShip man, a sailor.\nShoes. Shoes. Stick shoes, boots and shoes made of leather.\nShot. Shot; lead. Shot olillie, huckleberries.\nShu-gah. Sugar.\nShugh. A rattle. Shugh opoots, a rattlesnake.\nShut. A shirt.\nShwah-kuk. A frog.\nSi-ah. Far; far off. Comparative distance is expressed by intonation or\nrepetition ; as siah-siah, very far. Wake siah, near, not far.\nSi-am. The grizzly bear\nSick. Sick. Cole sick, the ague. Sick tumtum, grieved ; sorry ; jealous;\nunhappy.\nSikhs. A friend,\nSin-a-moxt. Seven.\nSi-pah. Straight, like a ramrod.\nSis-ki-you. A bob-tailed horse.\nSit-kum. A half; apart. Sitkum'dolla, half a dollar. Sitkum sun, noon.\nTenas sitkum, a quarter or a small part.\nSit-lay. Stirrups.\nSit-shum. To swim.\nSi-wash. An Indian.\nSkin. Skin. Skin shoes, mocassins. Stick skin, the bark of a tree.\nSkoo-kum. Strong; strength; a ghost; an evil spirit or demon. Skookum\ntumtum, brave. Skookum chuck, a rapid.\nSkwak-wal. A lamprey eel.\nSkwis-kwis. A squirrel.\nSla-hal. A game played with ten small disks, one of which is marked.\nSmoke. Smoke ; clouds; fog ; steam.*\nSnass. Rain. Cole snass, snow.\nSnow. Snow.\nSoap. Soap.\nSo-le-mie. The cranberry.\nSol-leks. Anger; angry. Mamook solleks, to fight. Tikegh solleks, to be\nhostile. Kumtuks solleks, to be passionate.\nSo-pe-na. To jump; to leap.\nSpo-oh. Faded; any light color, as pale \"blue, drab, &c. Chahko spoon, to\nfade.\nSpoon. A spoon...\nSpose. Suppose; if; supposing; provided that; in order that. Spose mika\nnanitsh nika canim, if you see my canoe. Spose nika klatawa kopa\nVictoria, if or when I go to Victoria. Kahkwa spose, as if.\nStick. A stick; a tree; wood; woodefc. Stick skin, bark. Ship stick,\na mast. Mitwhit stick, a standing tree. Icht stick, a yard measure.\n* CD * \u00bb\nStick shoes, leather shoes or boots. Lsick stick, the ash.\nStock-en. Stockings or socks.\nStoh. Loose. Mamook stoh, to untie; unloose.\nStone. A rock or stone; bone; horn; the testicles. Stone kiuatan, a\nstallion. Mahsh stone, to castrate.\nStote-kin. Eight, 172\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nStutchun. The sturgeon.\nSun. The sun; a day. Tenas sun, early. Sitkum sun, noon. Klip sun,\nsunset.\nSunday. Sunday. Icht Sunday, a week. Hyas. Sunday, a holiday. Ex.\n9\/ 9\/ V 7 V *f 7 97\nIcht, mokst, klene sun kopet Sunday, one, two, or three days after\nSunday.\nT.\nTagh-um. Six.\nTahl-kie. Yesterday. Icht tahlkie, day before yesterday.\nTah-nim. To measure.\nTaht-le-lum. Ten. Moxt. klone, \n&c. Tahtleum pe ickt, \/ 7 9jf\nBelow, keekwillie.\nBelt, la sanjel.\nBerries, olillie; olallie.\nBest, elip, kloshe.\nBetween, patsuck.\nBeyond, yahwa.\nBird, kulakula.\nBiscuit, lebiskwee.\nBit or Dime, bit.\nBitter, klihl.\nBlack, klale.\nBlackberries, klikamucks.\nBlanket, paseesie.\nBlind, halo seahhost.\nBlood, pilpil.\nBlow out, mamook poh.\nBlue (light) spooh.\n (dark) klale.\nBlunder to, tsee-pie.\nBoard, la plash.\nBoat, boat.\nBob-tailed : a bob-tailed horse, siskiyou.\n7 \/ 9f \u2022\nBoil to, lip-lip.\nBone, stone.\nBorrow to, ayahwhul.\nBosom (female), totoOsh.\nBoth, kunamoxt.\nBottle, labooti.\nBow, opitlkegh.\nBowl, ooskan.\nBox, lacasett.\nBracelet, klikwallie.\nBrass, klikwallie.\nBrave, skookum tumtum.\nBread, piah sapolill.\nBreak to, kokshut.\nBreasts, totoosh.\nBreech clout, opoots sill.\nBridle, la bleed.\nBright, towagh.\nBring hither, mamook chahko.\nBroad, klukulh.\nBroken, klook.\nAbove, sagk-a-lie.\nAbsolve, mam-ook stoh.\nAcorns, kah-na-way.\nAcross, in-a-tL\nAdmiration, hwah.\nAfraid, kwass.\nAfter, Afterwards, kim-ta.\nAgain, weght.\nAll, kon-a-way.\nAlms, e-la-han or e-lann.\nAlso, weght.\nAlthough,\nAlways, kwan-e-sum.\nAmerican, Boston.\nAnd, pee.\nAnger, Angry, sol-leks.\nAnother, aallyma.\nAnts, kuckwalla.\nApple, le pome.\nApron, keh-su or ki-su.\nArbutus uva ursi, lahb.\nArrive at, ko.\nArrow, ka-li-tan.\nAsh, isick stick.\nAssistance, e-la-han.\nAs if, kah-kwa spose.\nAt, ko-pa.\nAunt, kwal'h.\nAwl, shoes keep-wot.\nAxe, la-hash.\ni B.\nBad, mesahchie or peshack.\nBag, le sak.\nBall, le bal.\nBargain, mahkook; huyhuy.\nBark, stick skin.\nBarley, la reh.'\nBarrel, tamolitsh.\nBasin, ketling.\nBasket, opekwan.\nBeads, kamosuk.\nBear (black) chet-woot;itswoot (grizzly) Broom, bloom.\nsiam. Brother, kahpho, if elder than the\nBeat to, kokshut. speaker ; ow, if younger. Male\nBeaver, ee-na. cousins the same.\nBecause kehwa. Brother-in-law, ek-keh.\nBecome to, chahko. Bucket, tamolitsh.\nBed, bed. Buffalo, moosmoos.\nBefore, e-Iip or el-ip. Bullet, le bal; kalitan,\nBehind, kimta, Bundle, kow.\n% APPENDIX.\n175\nBut, pee.\nButter, totoosh lakles.\nButtons, tsil tail.\nBuy to, mahkook.\nBy-and-by, winapie.\nn\nCandle, la shandel.\nCalf, tenass moosmoos.\nCalico, tzum sail.\nCanoe, canim.\nCarrot, la calat.\nCarry to, lolo.\nCart, tsik tsik ; chickchick.\nCascade, turn water.\nCastrate to, mahsh stone.\nCat, pusspuss.\nCataract, turn water.\nCattle, moosmoos.\nCedar, la plash stick.\nCfertainly, nawitka.\nChain, la shen ; chikamin lope.\nChair, la shase.\nChange to, huy buy.\nChristmaslday, hyas Sunday.\nCheat to, la lah.\nChicken, la pool.\nChief, ty-ee.\nChild, tenas.\nClams, ona ; lukutchee ; lakwitchee.\nClams, the large kind, smetocks.\nClear up, chahko klah.\nCloth, (cotton) sail.\nClouds, smoke.\nCoal, coal.\nCoat, capo.\nCoffee, kaupy.\nCold, cole; tshis.\nColors, mixed, tzum.\nComb, comb.\nComb to, mamook comb.\nCome to, chahko.\nConceal to, mamook ipsoot.\nConfess to, yiem.\nConjuring, tamahnous.\nCook to, mamook piah.\nCopper, pil chikamin.\nCord, tenas lope.\nCorn, esalth or yesalth.\nCorral, kullagh.\nCotton goods, sail.\nCougar, hyas puss puss.\nCough, hohhoh.\nCount to, mamook kwunnun.\nCousin,\u2014 see brother and sister.\nCow, moos moos.\nCoyote, talapus.\nCrab apple, powitsh.\nCranberry, solemie.\nCrazy, pel-ton.\nCream-colored, le clem*\nCrockery, piah lah.\nCrooked, kiwa.\nCross, la cloa.\nCrow, kahkah.\nCry to, cly.\nCup, ooskan.\nCurly, hunlkih.\nV 7r\nCut to tl'kope.\nD.\nDance to, tanse.\nDark, darkness, polaklie.\nDay, sun.\n*7 7\nDead, memaloost.\nDeaf, ikpooie kwillan.\nDear, hyas mahkook.\nDeep, klip.\nDeer, mowitsh.\nDemon, skookum.\nDevil, diaub ; yaub; lejaub.\nDifferent, huloima.\nDifficult, kull.\nDig to, mamook iliahie.\nDime, bit or mit.\nDirectly, tshike.\nDirty, paht iliahie.\nDispleasure, anah.\nDo to, mamook.\nDoctor, doctin.\nDog, kamooks.\nDollar, dolla or tahla.\nDoor, la pote.\nDoubtful, klonas.\nDown stream, mi-mie.\nDrawers, keekwillie sakoleks.\nDrink to, muckamuck chuck.\nDrive to, kish kish.\nDrunk, pahtlum.\nDry, dely.\n97 7 (V\nDuck. (Mallard), kweh kweh.\nDust, polallie.\nE.\nEagle, chak chak.\nEar, kwolann.\nEarly, tenas sun.\nEarn to, tolo.\nEarth, iliahie.\nEast, sun chahko. 17a\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nKing George.\nEat to, muckamuck.\nEgg, le sap ; le zep.\nEight, stotekin.\nElk, moolock.\nEnclosure, kullagh.\nEnglish, V j^-.\nEnglishman, J\nEnough, hiyu, kopet.\nEntrails, Myagh.\n3 *7 O .\nEvening, tenas polaklie.\nEvery, konaway.\n9j 7 J\nExchange, huyhuy.\nExtinguish, mamook poh.\nEyes, seahhost.\nF.\n^Face, seahhost.\nFaded, spooh.\nFalsehood, Himinawhit.\nFar, siah.\nFast (quick), hyak.\nFast (tight) kwutl.\nFasten to, kow.\nFat, glease.\nFather; papa.\nFathom, itlan.\nFear, kwass.\nFell t6, (as a tree), mamook whim.\nFence, kullagh.\nFetch to, mamook chahko.\nFever, waum sick.\nFew, tenas.\nField, klaekan.\nFight to, mamook solleks.\nFight with fists, mamook pukpuk.\nFigured (as calico), tzum.\nFile, la leem.\nFill to, mamook pahtL\nFind to, klap.\nFingers, le doo.\nFinish, kopet.\nFire, piah olapitski.\nFirst, e-lip or el-ip.\nFish, pish.\nFish-hook, ikkik.\nFive, kwinnum.\nFlea, sopen enapoo ; chotub.\nFlesh, itlwillie.\nFlint, kilitsut.\nFlour, sapolill.\nFly to, kawak.\nFog, smoke.\nFood, muckamuck.\nFool, pel ton.\nFoolish, pelton.\nFoot, le pee.\nForever, kwahnesum.\nForget to, mahlie.\nFork, la pooshet.\nFormerly, ahnkutte ; ahnkottie.\nJ 7 7\nFour, lakit or lokit.\nFowl, la pool.\nFrench, Frenchman, passiooks.\nFriend, sikhs or shikhs.\nFrog, shwahkuk.\nFry to, mamook lapoel.\nFull, pahtl.\n' x\nFundament, opoots.\nG.\nGallop to, kwalal.\nGamble, mamook itlokum.\nGather to hokumelh.\nGet to, iskum.\nGet out, mahsh.\nGet up, get up or ketop.\nGhost, skookum.\nGift, cultus potlatch.\nGirl, tenas klootchman.\nGive to, potlatch.\nGlad, kwann.\nGo to, klatawa.\nGod, saghalie tyee.\nGold, pil chikamin.\nGood, kloshe.\nGood-bye, klahowya.\nGoods, iktah.\nGoose, whuywhuy ; kulakula.\n7 \u00ab,* V 7\nGrandfather, chope.\nGrandmother, chitsh.\nGrass, tupso.\nGrease, lakles; glease.\nGreen, pechugh.\nGrey, a grey horse, le gley.\nGrieved, sick tumtum.\nGrizzly bear, siam.\nGround, iliahie.\nGrouse, siwash la pool.\nGun, musket, sukwalal.\nGunpowder, poh-lallie.\nH.\nHair, yakso.\n7 97\nHalf, sitkum.\nHammer, lemahto.\nHand, le mah.\nHand (game of), itlokum.\nHandkerchief, hakatshum.\nHard, kuU.\nHare, kwitshadie.\nHarrow to, mamook comb iliahie. \u00ab\nAPPENDIX.\nHat, seahpo; seahpult.\nKnock to, koko.\nHaul, haul.\nKnotty, hunl-kih.\nHawk, shak-shak.\nKnow to, kumtuks.\nHay, dely tupso.\nHe, his, yahka.\nIi.\nHead, la tet.\nHeart, tum-tum.\nLame, klook teahwit.\nHeaven, saghillie iliahie.\nLamprey eel, skwakwal.\nHeavy, till.\nLand, illahee.\nHelp to, mamook elann.\nLanguage, la lang.\nHen, la pool.\nLarge, hyas.\nCD 7 9\/\nHere, yakwa.\nLately, chee.\nHermaphrodite, burdash.\nLaughter, heehee.\nHide to, ipsoot.\nLazy, lazy.\nV 7 \u00a5\nHigh, saghalie.\no \" o\nLead, kalitan.\nHit to, kwul'h.\nLeaf, tupso or tipso.\nHoe, la peosh.\nLeap to, sopena.\nHog, cosho.\nLean to, lagh.\nHole, klawhap.\nLeave to, mahsh.\nHoliday, Sunday.\nLeave off, to, kopet.\nHorn, stone.\nLeg, teahwit.\nHorse, kiuatan.\nLeggings, mitass.\n\u2022tw\nHorse shoes, chikamin shoes.\nHouse, house.\nHow, kahta.\nHow are you, klahowya.\nHow many, kunsih; kunjuk.\nHundred, tukamonuk.\nHungry, olo.\nHuckleberries, shot olillie.\nHurry, howh: hyak.\nV 7 7 9J\nI.\nI, nika.\nIf, spose.\nIn, kopa.\nInability, howkwutl.\nV 7\nIndeed, whaah.\nIndian, siwash.\nIn shore, mahtwallie.\nIron, chikamin.\nIsland, staetjay.\nIt, yahka.\n7 \u2022\/\nJ.\nJealous, sick tumtum.\nJump to, sopena.\nK.\nKamass-root, lakamass.\nKettle, ketling.\nKey, lay kley.\nV 7 v *7\nKick to, chukkin.\nKiss, to kiss, bebe.\nKnife, opitsah.\n10\u20142 o\nLend to, apahwhul.\nLick to, klakwun.\nLie to, kliminawhit.\nLight, towagh.\nO 7 4TJ\nLightning, saghallie piah.\nLike, kahkwa.\nlike to, tikegh.\nLittle, tenas.\nLong, youtlkut.\nLong ago, ahnkutte or ahnkottie.\nLook to, nanitsh. \u201e\nLook here! nah.\nLookout! kloshe nanitsh.\nLooking-glass, shelokum.\nLoose, stoh.\nLose the way, to, tsolo; tseepie wayhut.\nLouse, enapoo or inapoo.\nLove to, tikegh.\nM.\nMagic, tamahnous.\nMake to, mamook.\nMan, man.\nMany, hyiu.\nMarry to, malieh.\nMass (ceremony of), la messe.\nMast, ship stick.\nMat, kliskwiss.\nMattock,, la peosh.\nMeasure to, itahnim.\nMeat, itlwillie.\nMedicine, la niestin.\nMend to, mamook tipshin. 17S\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nMenstruate to, mahsh pilpil.\nMetal, Metallic, chikamin.\nMiddle the, katsuk or kotsuk.\nMidnight, sitkum polaklie.\nMilk, totoosh.\nMill, mooia.\nMind the, tumtum.\nMiss to, tseepie.\nMistake to, tseepie.\nMoccasins, skin shoes.\nMolasses, melass.\nMoney, chikamin.\nMonth, moon.\nMoon, moon.\nMole, skad.\nMore, weght.\nMorning, tenas sun.\nMosquito, melakwa.\nMother, mama; na-ah.\nMountain, lamonti.\nMouse, hoolhool.\nMouth, la boos.\nMuch, hyiu.\nMule, le mel.\nMusical instrument, tintin.\nMusket, musket.\nMussels, toluks.\nMy, mine, nika.\nN.\nis, ie cioo.\nNaik,\nName, nem; yahhul.\nNear, wake siah.\nNeck, le cou.\nNeedle, keepwot.\nNever, wake kunsik.\nNew, chee.\nNight, polaklie.\nNine, kwaist or kweest*\nNo, not, wake.\nNoise, la tlah.\nNone, halo.\nNonsense, cultus wauwau.\nNoon, sitkum sun.\nNorth, stowbelow.\nNose, nose.\nNothing, cultus.\nNotwithstanding, keghtchie.\nNow, alta.\nNumerals\u2014\n1, ikt.\n2, mokst.\n3, klone.\n4, lakit.\n5, kwinnum.\n6, taghum.\n7, sinnamokst.\n8, stotekin.\n9, kwaist.\n10, tahtlelum.\n11, tahtlelum pe ikt.\n20, mokst tahtlelum.\n100, ikt tukamonuk.\nNuts, tukwilla.\no.\nOak, kull stick.\nOar, la lahm; la lum.\nOats, la wen.\nOff, klak.\nOff shore, mahtlinnie.\nOil, glease.\n7 O\nOld, oleman.\nOld man, oleman.\nOld woman, lam-mieh.\nOne, ikt.\nOne-eyed, ikt seahhost.\nOnion, la onion.\nOpen, hahlakl.\nOpinion, tumtum.\nOpposite to, inati.\nOr, pe.\nOrder to, mahsh tumtum.\nOther, huloima.\nOtter (land) nemamooks.\nOur; nesika.\nOut doors, klaghanie.\nOwl, waugh waugh.\nOx, moosmoos.\nOyster, chetlo or jetlo ; kloghklogh.\nP.\nPaddle a, isick.\nPaddle to, mamook isick.\nPaint, pent.\nPaint to, mameok pent.\nPaper, pehpah.\nPantaloons, sakoleks.\nPart, sitkum.\nPanther, swaawa.\nPeas, le pwau.\nPeople, tilikum.\nPerhaps, klonas.\nPetticoat, kalakwatie.\nPiebald, le kye.\n7 t\/\nPin, kwekwiens.\nPine, la gome stick.\n7 O\nPipe, la peep.\nPistol, tenas musket.\nPitch, la gome.\nii Planky la plosh.\nPlate, la siet.\nPleased, youtl.\nPlough, le shalloo.\nPlough to, klugh iliahie.\nPole, la pehsh.\nPoor, klahowyum \u2022 halo ikta\nPork, cosho.\nPorpoise, tuiceco.\nPosteriors, opoots.\nPotatoes, wappatoo.\nPour to, wagh.\nPot, ketling.\nPowder, polallie.\nPrairie wolf, talapus.\nPresently, alkie: winapie.\nPretty, toketie.\n\u2022v 7\nPriest, la plet.\nProud, youtl; kwetl'h.\nProvided that, spose.\nPull, haul.\nQuarter, tenas sitkum.\nQuarter (of a dollar) kwahta\nQuick, hyak:\nQuills, tepeh.\nRabbit, kwitshadie.\nRacehorse, coolie kiuatan.\nRain, snass.\nRaspberries, seahpult olillie\nRat, hyas hoolhool.\n* 97\nRattle, shugh.\nRattlesnake, shughopoots.\nRazor-fish, ona.\nReach, ko.\nRed, pil.\nRelate to, yiem.\n7 97\nRemain, mitlite.\nRemove, mahsh.\nReturn to, kelipi.\nRibbon, le loba.\nRibs, etlinwill.\nRice, lice.\nRifle, calipeen.\nRing a, kweokweo.\nRipe, piah.\nRipe berries, piah olillie.\nRiver, chuck.\nRooster, la pool.\nRoad, wayhut.\n7 97\nRoan colored, sandelie.\nRoast, mamook la pellah,\nSack, le sak.\nSaddle, la sell.\nSaddle housings, le pishemo.\nSail, sail.\nSailor, ship-man.\nSalmon berries, salmon olillie.\nSalt, salt.\nSand, polallie.\nSandwich Islander, Oihee.\nSash, la sanjel.\nSaw, la gwin ; la scie.\nSay to, wauwau.\nScissors, la seezo.\nSea, salt chuck.\nSeal, olhiyu siwash cosho.\nSee to, nanitsh.\nSell to, mahkook.\nSeven, sinamoxt.\nSew to, mamook tipshin.\nShake to, toto ; hullel.\nShame, shem.\nharp, yahkisilt'h.\nSharpen to, mahmook tsish.\nShe, her, yahka.\nSheep, la mooto.\nShell money (the small size), coopcoop ;\n(the large) hykwa.\nShingle, lebahdo.\nO 7\nShining, to wagh.\nShip, ship.\nShirt, shut.\nShoes, shoes.\nShoot to, mamook poh.\nShort, yuteskut.\nShot pouch, kalitan le sac ; tsolepat.\nShot, shot; tenas le bal.\nShout to, hyas wauwau.\nShovel, la pell.\nShut to, ikpooie.\nk, sick.\nSift to, toto.\nSight in, klah.\nSilk, la sway.\nSilver, t'kope chikamin.\nSimilar, kahkwa.\nSince, kimta. ISO\nBRITISH COLUMBIA,\nSing to, shantie.\nSister, kahpho, if older than the\nspeaker ; ats, if younger.\nSit to, mitlite.\nSix, taghum.\nSkin, skin.\nSkunk, hum opoots ; piupiu ; sku-\nbeyou.\nSky, koosagh.\nSlave, eletie ; mistshimus.\nSleep, moosum.\nSlowly, klahwa.\nSmall, tenas.\nSmell a, humm.\nSmoke, smoke.\nSnake, oluk.\nSnow, snow; cole snass.\nSoap, soap.\nSoft, klimmin.\nSorrel-colored, a sorrel horse, le blau.\nSorry^ sick tumtum\". .\nSour, kwates.\nSouth, stegwaah.\nSpade, la pell.\nSpeak to, wauwau.\nSpill to, wagh.\nSpirits, lum.\nSplit, tsugh.\nSplit to, mamook tsugh.\nSpectacles, dolla seahhost, or lakit\nseahhost.\nSpit to, mamook toh.\nSplit to become, chahko tsugh.\nSpoon, spoon.\nSpotted, le kye ; tzum.\nSpurs, le seeblo.\nSquirrel, skwiskwis.\nStab to, kleniahun.\nStand to, mitwhit.\nStars, tsiltsil.\nStay to, mitlite.\n*J 7\nSteal to, kapsualla.\nSteam, smoke.\nSteamer, piah ship.\nStick a, stick.\nStink a, piupiu ; humm.\nStirrup, sitlay.\nStockings, stocken; kushis.\nStone, stone.\nStop to, kopet.\nStore, mahkook house.\nStory, ehkahnam.\nStraight, delate or delet; sipah.\nStrawberries, amotee.\nStrong, skookum.\nSturgeon, stutchin,\n>tubr.\nOi\nliowk\nikult.\n.Sugar, le sook ; shugah ; slinkwm.\nSummer, waum iliahie^\nSun, sun; otelagh.\nSunday, Sunday.\nSunse\/t, klip sun.\nSuppose, spose.\nSurprise, hwah.\nSwan, kahloke..\nSweep to, mamook bloom.\nSweet, tsee.\nSwim, sitshum.\nT. ..\nTable, la tahb.\nTail opoots.\nTake to, iskum.\nTake care ! kloshe nanitsh !\nTake off or out, mamook klak ; mahsh*\nTale or story, yiem : ehkahnam.\n97 7 9J 7\nTalk to, wauwau.\nTame, kwass.\nTea, tea\nTeach to, mamook kumtuks.\nTear to, klugh.\nTell to, wauwau.\n.Ten, tahtlelum.\nTesticles, stone.\nThank you, mahsie.\nThat, okook.\nThat way, yahwa-\nThere, vahwa ; kopah.\nThey, klaska.\nThick (as molasses), pitlilh.\nThin (as a board), p'chih; pewhatie.\nluing, iktah.\nThink, pittuck.\nThis, okook.\nThis way,vyukwa.\nThou, thy, thine, mika.\nThread, klapite.\nThree, klone.\nThrow away, mahsh.\nTide, see chuck.\nTie to, kow.\nTight, kwutl.\nTinware, malah.\nTip to, lagh.\nTired, till.\nTo, towards, kopa.\nTobacco, kinootl; kinoos.\nTo-morrow, tomolla.\nTongue, la lang.\nTough, kull.\nTrail, wayhut. APPENDIX.\nm\nTrap, la piege.\nTree, stick.\nTree fallen, whim stick.\nTrot to, tehteh.\nTrout, tzum salmon.\nTrowsers, sakoleks.\nTrue, delate.\nTrunk, daesset.\nIruth, delate, wauwau.\nTub, tamolitsh.\nTurnips, la moo-ow.\nTwine, tenas lope ; klapite.\nTwo, twice, mokst.\nu.\nUncle, tot.\nUnder, keekwillie.\nUnderstand to, kumtuks.\nUnhappy, sick tumtum.\nUntamed, le molo.\nUntie to, mamook stoh ; mahsh kow.\nUp, saghalie.\nUpset to, kelipi.\nUs, nesika.\nV \u2022\nVenereal the, paih sick.\nVenison, mowitsh.\nVery, hyas.\n97 7 97\nVessel, ship.\nVest, la west.\nVomit to, wagh.\nW.\nWagon, tsiktsik; chickchick.\nWait, winapie.\nWander to, tsolo.\nWant to, tikegh.\nWarm, waum.\nWash to, mamook wash.\nWatch a, tiktik.\nWater, chuck.\nWaterfall, turn water.\nWe, nesika.\nWeigh to, mamook till.\nWet, pahtl chuck.\nWeek, ikt Sunday.\n7 \u00bb\/\nWell then, abba.\nWest, sun mitlite.\nWhale, eh-ko-lie; kwah-niee ; kwaddis.\nWhat, iktah.\nWheat, sapolill.\nWheel, tsik-tsik; chikehik.\nWhen, kansih; kunjuk.\nWhere, kah.\nWhip, le whet.\nWhite, t'kope.\nWho, klaksta.\nWhole, lolo.\nWhy, kahta.\nWicked, mesahcie.\nWide, klukulh.\nWild, le molo.\nWill the, tumtum.\nWillow, eenastick.\nWin to, tolo.\nWind, wind.\nWindow, glass.\nWinter, cole iliahie.\nWipe to, klakwun.\nWire, ohikamin lope.\nWish to, tikegh.\nWith, kopa.\nWitchcraft, tamahnous.\nWithout, halo.\nWolf, leloo.\nWoman, klootshman.\nWoman (old), lammieh.\nWoman's gown. coat.\nWood, wooden, stick.\nWork to, mamook.\nWorn out, oleman.\nWorthless, cultus.\nWound to, klemahun.\nWrite to, mam-ook peh-pah ; mamook\ntzum.\nWriting, tzum.\nYard, ikt stick*.\nYear, ikt cole.\nYellow, kawkawak.\nYes, nawitka ; ah-ha; e-eh.\nYes, indeed, nawitka.\nYesterday, tahlkie; tahl-kie sun.\nYou, your, yours, mesika.\nYoung, tenas. 132-\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nTHE LORD'S PRAYER IN JARGON.\nNesika papa klaksta mitlite kopa saghalie, kloshe kopa nesika tumtum\nOur father who stayeth. in the above good in our hearts\nmika nem ; kloshe mika tyee kopa konoway tiiikum ; kloshe mika tumtum\n[be] thy name ; good thou chief among all people; good thy will\nkopa iliahie, kahkwa kopa saghalie. Potlatch konaway sun nesika mucka-\nupon* earth as in the above. Give every day our food.\nmuck. Spose nesika mamook masahchie, wake mika hyas solleks, pe spose\nIf we do ill, [be] not thou very angry, and if\nklaksta masahchie kopa nesika, wake nesika solleks kopa klaska. Mahsh\nany one evil towards us, not we angry towards them. Send away\nsiah kopa nesika konaway masahchie.\nfar from us all evil.\nKloshe Kahkwa.\ni APPENDIX.\n1&3\nAPPENDIX DD.\nTWO OF THE TREATIES CONCLUDED WITH INDIAN TRIBES.\nKnow all men,\u2014We, the chiefs and people of the \" Teechamitsa \" Tribe, Treaty with\nwho have signed our names and made our marks to this deed, on the 29th day Teechamit-sa\nof April, 1850, do consent to surrender entirely and for ever to James -*-\"\"\"'\nDouglas, the agent of the Hudson's Bay Company in Vancouver Island, that\nis to say, for the Governor, Deputy Governor and Committee of the same,\nthe whole of the lands-situate and lying between Esquimalt Harbor and\nPoint Albert, including the latter, on the Straits of Juan de Fuca, and\nextending backward from thence to the range of mountains or the Saanich\nArm, about ten miles distant. The condition of or understanding of this sale\nis this : That our village sites and enclosed fields are to be kept for our own\nuse, for the use of our children, and for those who may follow after us, and\nthe land shall be properly surveyed hereafter. It is understood, however, that\nthe land itself, with these small exceptions, becomes the entire property of the\nwhite people for ever.\nIt is also understood that we are at liberty to hunt over the unoccupied\nlands, and to carry on our fisheries as formerly.\n97 V\nWe have received as payment twenty-seven pounds ten shillings sterling.\nIn token whereof, we have signed our names and made our marks at\nFort Victoria, 29th April, 1850.\n1. Lee Sachasis.\n2. Haylay Kane,\n3. Pee Shaymoot,\n4. KalsaymIt,\n5. Hoochaps,\n6. Thlannie,\n7. Chamutstin,\n8. tsatsullui,\n9. hognynuet,\n10. Kamstetchel,\n11. MlNAYILTEN,\n+\n+\nDone in the presence of\u2014\n(Signed),\n(Signed),\nroderich flnlayson,\nJoseph Wm. McKay.\nHI\nKnow all men,\u2014We, the chiefs and people of the Kosampsom Tribe, Treaty with\nwho have signed our names and made our marks to this deed, on the 30th ^jj^P*5011\nday of April, 1850, do consent to surrender entirely and forever to James\nDouglas, the agent of the Hudson's Bay Company, in Vancouver Island\u2014\nthat is to say, for the Governor, Deputy Governor and Committee of the\nsame, the whole of the land situate and lying between the Island of the Dead,\nin the arm or inlet of Camoson, and^ehe head Of the said inlet embracing the 184\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nlands on the west side and north of that line to Esquimalt, beyond the inlet,\nthree miles of the Colqoils Valley, and the land on the east side of the arm\nenclosing Christmas Hill and Lake, and the lands west of those objects. The\ncondition of or understanding of this sale is this :\u2014That our village sites and\nenclosed fields are to be kept for our own use, for the use of our children, and\nfor those who may follow after us, and the lands shall be properly surveyed\nhereafter. It is understood, however, that the land itself, with these small\nexceptions, becomes the entire property of the white people for ever. It is\nalso understood that we are at liberty to hunt over the unoccupied land, and\nto carry on our fisheries as formerly.\nWe have received as payment \u00a352 10s. sterling.\nX v o\nIn token whereof, we have signed our names and msde our marks at\nFort Victoria, on the 30th day of April, 1850.\nCor Cor Wibz, +\nHoyapahymam, +\nSpaa, +\nand others. APPENDIX.\n185\nAPPENDIX EE.\nMEMORANDUM OF TREATIES MADE WITH INDIAN TRIBES\nFOR PURCHASE OF THEIR LANDS.\nI append hereto an abstract of all treaties made by the authorities wit^h Abstract of\nthe Indians, for the purchase of their lands, in order that same might be Treaties.\/\nthrown open to settlement by the whites. These treaties embrace the country\nfrom Victoria to a few miles beyond Sooke Harbor, and from Victoria to\nNorth Saanich : also the lands around Nanaimo. The total area might\n7 CD\nprobably be about one-fortieth of the whole Island. I am not aware of any\nsimilar treaties having been made with the natives on the mainland.\nR. W. Pearse,\nChief Commissioner of Lands and Woi'ks and Surveyor General,\nBritish Columbia.\nReturn of Treaties made by Hudson Bay Company with Indian Tribes.\n\u00ab* V X 97 r\nshowing Lands conveyed and Sums paid.\nDate.\nApril 29,1S50.\nApril 30,1850.\nApril 30,1850.\nleechamitsa,1\nSee-Sachasis\nothers.\n'signedby The whole of the lands situate and lying\nPrice paid.\n\"Kosampson,\" signed by\nHookoowitz and twenty\nothers.\nand ten| .between Esquimalt Harbor and Point\nAlbert, including the latter, on the\nStraits of Juan de .Fuca, and extending backward from thence to the!\nrange of mountains on the Saanich i\nArm, abotit ten miles distant |\nThe whole of the lands situate and lying\nbetween the Island of the Dead on the\nArm or Inlet of Camoson and the\nhead of said inlet, embracing the land\non the west side and north of that\nbine to Esquimalt beyond the inlet,\nthree miles of the Colquits \"Valley\nand the land on the east side of the\narm enclosing Christmas Hill and\nLake, and the lands west of those\nobjects\t\nsigned I The whole of the lands situate and lying\nSnaw Mick and] between the Island of the Dead and\nthe Arm or Inlet of Camoson, where\nthe Kosampson lands terminate, extending east to the Fountain Ridge\nand following it to its termination on\nthe Straits of Fuca, in the bay immediately east of Clover Point, including\n\" Swengwhung,\"\n3nty-nine others.\nall the country betw\n;en that kne\nand\nInlet\n^amoson\n10-\n\u00a3\nd.\n27 10 00\n52 10 00\nTo 00\nJi 186\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nReturn of Treaties made by Hudson Bay Company with Indian\nTribes, &c---Continued.\n\u00bb4\u00bb-m.-iiw TT\\r\u00bb\nDate.\nIs ame of Tribe, &c.\nDescription of Lands Conveyed.\nPrice paid.\nApril 30,1850.\n\" Chilcowitk,\" signed byjThe whole of the lands situate and lying\nbetween the sandy bay, east of Clover\nQna-sun\nothers.\nand eleven\nPoint, at the termination of the\n\u00a3 s. d.\nApril 30,1850.\nSwengwhung line to Point Gonzales,\nand thence north to a line of equal\nextent passing through the north side\nof Minie's Plain . 30 00 00\n' Whyomilth,\" signed byjThe whole of the land situate and lying]\nHol-wha-lntstin andi between the north-west corner\nseventeen others.\nApril 30,1850.\nMay 1,1850.\nMay 1,1850.\nMay 1,1850.\n'Che-ko-nem,\" signed by\nChaythlum and twenty-\nnine others.\nof\nEsquimalt, say from the island inclu- j\nsive at the mouth of the Sawmill\nStream, and the mountains lying due\nwest and north of that point. This\ndistrict being on the one side bounded\nby the lands of the Tee chain it sa, and j\non the other by the lands of the\nKosampson family\t\nThe whole of the lands situate and lying\n45 00 00\n\" Ka-ky-aakan,\nbetween Point Gonzales and Mount;\nDouglas, following the boundary line j\nof the Chilcowitch and Kosampson\nfamilies. The Canal de Haro and the\nStraits of Juan de Fuca, east of Point!\nGonzales I 79 10 00\nsignedlThe whole of the lands situate and lying\nby Quoite-tb-kay-num\nand another.\nbetween Point Albert and the Inlet of\nWhoyung, on the Straits of Juan de\nFuca, and the snow covered mountains\nin the interior of tne Island, so as to\nembrace the whole tract or district of\nMetchosin, from the coast to these\nsaid mountains\t\nThe whole of the lands situate and lying\nbetween the Inlet of Whoyung and\nthe Bay of Synsung, known as bookel\nInlet, and the snow covered mountains\nin the interior of the Island\t\nsigned by \"Wan-1 The whole of the lands situate and lying\nbetween the Bay of Synsung or Sooke\nChiahaytsun,\" signed\nby Al-chay-nook and\ntwo others.\nSook\nsela and three other\nFebruary\n1852,\nFebruary\n1852. *\nU,\n6 8\n45 10 00\nInlet to the Three Pavers beyond\nSaanich,\" si\nWhut- say-mullet\nnine others.\n\" Saanich,\" signed by\nHotutstun, and others.\nThloweeckar, Point Shirvingham, onj\nthe Straits cf Juan de Fuca and the\nsnow covered mountains in the interior of Vancouver Island 48 0\nned by!The whole of the lands situate and lying\nand] between Mount Douglas and Cow-\nI ichan Head, on the Canal de Haro,\nand extending thence to the line\nrunning through the centre of Vancouver Island, north and south j 41 13\nThe whole of the lands situate and lying |\nas follows, viz. :\u2014Commencing at I\nCowichan Head and following the!\ncoast of the Canal de Haro, northwest nearly to Saanich Point or Qua- j\nna-sung, from thence following the!\ncourse of the Saanich Arm to the point!\nwhere it terminates, and from thence\nby a line across country to said\n\\ Cowichan Head, the point of commencement, so as to include all the!\nj country and lands within those boundaries\t APPENDIX.\nReturn of Treaties made by Hudson Bay Company with Indian\nTribes, &c.\u2014Continued.\nDate.\nName of Tribe, &<\nDescription of Lands Conveyed.\nFebruary\n1851.\nFebruary\n1851.\nPrice paid.\n8,\n8,\nDecemb\n1854\n\" Queackars,\" signed byjThe whole of the lands situate and lying\n\"\" Wale and eleven others I between McNeill's Harbour and Hardy\nBay, inclusive of these ports, and extending two miles into the interior of\nthe Island\t\nsigned byjThe whole of the lands situate and lying\nnd fifteen \u25a0 between McNeill's Harbour and Hardy\nBay, inclusive of these ports, and ex-\n' tending two miles into the interior of\nthe Island\nial Inlet\niver\nQuaklolths,\nWawattie\nothers.\n,,\"Sarlequun,\" signed by j Country extends from Commerc\n54. Squoniston and 163) twelve miles up Nanaimo Pvb\nSquoni\nothers\n\u00a3 s. d.\n64 00 00\n86 00 00\n350 00 00\nI '^HIIH\u2014^L^M 1*8\nBRITISH COL\u00a5MBIA.\nAPPENDIX FF.\nNAMES, AGES, SALARIES, AND DATES\nOF APPOINTMENT OF\nLighthouse\nStaff.\nLIGHTHOUSE STAFF, BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nLighthouse or Ship.\nNames.\nRank.\nAge.\nAnnual\nDate of\nSalarv.\nAppointment.\n9\n$ cts.\nRace Rock Lighthouse ..\nThos. Argyle ...\nChief Keeper.\n32 years\n625 00\nMay 23, 1867.\nii 5>\nJohn McQuarrie\n1st Assistant..\n52 \u201e\n410 00\nJan. 19, 1869.\nii if\nSam. Askew .\n2nd \u201e\n30 \u201e\n360 00\nSept. 11,1871.\n\u00bbJ >>\nEllen Argyle ...\n3rd \u201e - -\n32\n150 00\nMay 23,1867.\nFisgard Lighthouse\t\n'William Bevis..\nLight Keeper.\n\u2022\u00b1x. ,,\n700 00\nMarch 16,1861.\n\u00bb\u00bb \u00bb5 .....\nMrs. Bevi>\t\n1st Assistant..\n148 \u201e\n60 00\nMarch 16,1861.\nLightship, Fraser River.\nJames Jolly ...\nLight Keeper.\n!43 ,,\n1,200 00\nNov. 10, 1865.\n>\u00bb > ?\nJohn Flett\t\n1st Assistant..\n\u202260 \u201e\n480 00\nNov. 36,1865.\nj> >>\n1 Duncan McLean\n2nd '40\n480 00\nMarch 1. 1869. APPENTHX\n189\nAPPENDIX GG.\nJM.J!iJy\u00b1UxtA.JN JJ U JN1 UJN 1J L\u00b1Li VlOlUxxlA .ttAxlriUxl L)js>hi\u00b17KjrlL>,\neral ot\nBy the Chief Commissioner of Lands and Works and Surveyor Gei\n\u25a0 British Columbia.\nICth September, 1871.\nIn the autumn of 1S61, a commission was appointed under the provisions\nof the \" Victoria Harbor Act, 1860,\" consisting of the following gentlemen :\nGeorge Henry Richards, Captain, R.N., Joseph Despard Pemberton, Esq:,\nSurveyor General, V. I., Joseph William Trutch, Esa., C. E., John Gastin-\n\u00ab\/ J- \u2022 j. \/ 7\neau, Esq., C. E., Wm. Alexander Mouatt, Captain, Hudson Bay Company\nService, John James Cochrane. Esq., C. E., whose duty consisted of a thorough\nexamination of the harbor of Victoria, its depth of( water, whether it was\nshoaling or silting up, the nature of the bottom, and other points bearing on\nCD CD X 7 7 L CD\nthe question of the improvement of the navigation of the harbor, and its\nXX CD 7\ndepth of water.\nThis commission continued its sittings and deliberations until 28th\nCD\nFebruary, 1862. on which day the chairman addressed a letter to the Colonial\nSecretary, enclosing a report (a copy of which I annex hereto) marked schedule\nA. Clause 11 of that report recommends that a dredging machine, consisting\nof a series of buckets oh an endless chain should be procured. On the 29th\nAugust, 1S61, the commissioners resolved :\n\" That it is expedient as a preliminary measure to procure a steam dredg-\nJtr C J x o\n* ing machine and diving bell from some firm of eminence in the United\n O CD\n\" Kingdom, and that application be made to His Excellency the Governor to\n\" authorize the commission to order the same without delay.\"\nOn the 11th October, 1861, the commissioners resolved :\n\" That on reconsideration of the subject, and especially to save the time\n\" which must elapse before a dredging machine could be obtained from Scot-\n\" land, the commission recommend the executive to obtain the same from\n\" San Francisco, and that a competent and reliable engineer be sent down to\n% order and superintend its construction.\"\nOn 12th September, 1861, Captain Richards, then in San Francisco, informed the Surveyor General, that the cost of all the gear and engines for a\n97 7 CD CD\ndredger with sixteen buckets, two engines of sixteen horse power each (one\nO CD X \\\nEnglish horse power\u2014two American), would be $10,000.\nOn 27th December, 1861, tenders were called for, for the machinery for\na dredger, but I can find no record of the results, except in a letter from the\nSurveyor General to the Colonial Secretary, under date of 7th May, 1864, in\nwhich he quotes an offer made by Peter Donahue for a dredge complete for\n-I *J CD X\n$33,000. It would appear that no steps were taken from 20th February,\nLi-62, until 3rd April, 1863, when the late Surveyor General Mr. J. D.\nPemberton, was instructed to proceed to England and procure the machinery\nrequisite for a steam dredger, and also for a screw propeller to be used in\ntowing the punts outside the harbour, to discharge the mud dredged from the\nbottom.\nOn his arrival in England, he investigated all the latest improvements\nand advertised for tenders through the Crown Agents, for the machinery for\nCommission\nappointed.\nx x.\nReport with\nrecommendations.\nEstimated\ncost.\nAgent sent to\nEngland.\nProceedings of 190\nURITISH COLUMBIA.\nTotal\ncost.\nPresent use of\n\" Sir James\nDouglas\/'\nDescription of\nthe dredge.\na dredger, extra punts, iron work for mud punts, engines for steam tug, and\nextra punts and bearings; and the tender of Messrs. Blyth, of London, was\naccepted, for the sum of \u00a35,070 13\u2014$24,592-j^j-; allHhis machinery was\nshipped via Cape Horn, and with it, came on two engineers who were engaged\nfor six years at a mean salary of \u00a3250 per annum, to erect the machinery and\n*7 V X 7 97\nengines on their respective hulls. The vessels arrived from England in July,\n1864, with all these on board. In March of that year, contracts had been\n' 97 7\nlet for building the -steamer's hull for $16,800 ^j- and for dredger and four\nmud punts for $34,564 1^r. These prices appear very high, but only bear a\nfair proportion to the wages paid to mechanics and ship carpenters at the\ntime, viz. : $5 per day. The total first cost of the dredger, steamer, \" Sir\nJames Douglas,\" and the four mud punts, may be estimated at about\n$92,000 y^j-. On the 18th February, 1865, a superintendent who was\nunder my orders, was appointed by Governor Kennedy. I gave him written\ninstructions for his guidance. He failed entirely in working the machinery\nO 9\/ CD 9\/\nin a satisfactory manner. He was not an engineer, nor even a man of ordinary education and intelligence. On the 14th June, 1865, in consequence of\na resolution passed by the House of Assembly, the Superintendent and all\nthe crew were paid off, and the dredger moored in James' Bay. Very shortly\nX- o %J 97 97\nafterwards the \" Sir James Douglas \" was put on, at my suggestion, to carry\nthe mails, passengers and freight, from Victoria along the east coast of Vancouver Island, and has continued to fulfil this duty to the present time. On\ntwo occasions I tried the dredger, the first time for five hours, when the\nmachinery all worked well, with the exception of keeping up the steam,\nwhich we attributed to the fact that the induction pipe was too near the ladders and was liable to be choked by the dibris of sand, &c, stirred up by the\nbuckets. If it were removed further forward, this would be obviated. The\ndredge itself is most strongly built and fastened, and all the machinery is of\nent condition will only admit\not\nna we have now the honor to submit ior your consideration\n97\ne tollowing report:\n1. The harbour in its p\nof vessels of eighteen feet draught\nthose ot fitteen i\nhe rise and fall of th\nfrequently less.\n2. The entrance is narrow and\nmore commonly\ngrounding.\nit the highes\net encounter\ntide rarely e>\nelav\nsharp angle,\nwnici\nthe entrance\nPresent state\nwater, while\noi narcor.\nas riSK oi\n.and is more\n2u renders it\nEntrance.\ndifficult for a long ship to enter at the highest tide without getting on shore,\nCD IT O O O \/\nand across the narrowest part a bar extends for a considerable distance, with\nI: 7\nas little as eight feet on it at low water.\n3. The accommodation for shipping within the harbour and alongside the Accommoda-\nwharves is very limited, owing to the western half of the pool between .on p*\nSonghies point and the old bridge, having a bed of rocks, the tops of which\nin several instances are uncovered at low tides, or nearly so, as also to the\ngeneral shallowness of the water, which obliges ships to lie on the ground\nduring certain stages of the tide, a circumstance very detrimental to merchant\nvessels with heavy cargoes.\n4. By a comparison of the old with more recent surveys, the depth of Water on the\nwater on the bar appears to have decreased between two and three feet during ^>ar*\nthe last fifteen years, while at the anchorage and alongside the wharves there\nv * CD CD\nhas been a filling up to a much greater extent; this may probably be attributed\nto the throwing overboard of rubbish, ashes, \u00abfcc., from the numerous vessels\nwhich have frequented the port during the last few years,\u2014to the drainage of\nX X O 97 7 \u00a9\na large and increasing town, as well as to natural causes.\n5. As regards the means desirable to be adopted for the removal of these Removal of\nimpediments, we are of opinion that although it may not be practicable to ^ped\"1\"*1\"18'\nwiden the channel at the entrance to any very considerable extent, yet that\n97 97 7 tf\nit may be materially improved by removing the sand spit whiph now extends\noff Shoal Point, and thus doing away with the sudden turn, which constitutesN\none of the greatest difficulties to the entrance of large ships.\nto deepen the channel by six feet or pro- Deepening of\nTO OlO\/\nThe bar, so tar as we\nhave been able to -channel.\n6. That it is also practicable\nbablv more by means of dredging.\ni\/ 97 CD CD\nascertain by boring, is composed of small stones, sand, and shells, covered by\na layer of mud, from one to two feet in depth, and although it is impossible\nto state with positive certainty, we believe that there are no impediments in\nthe bed of the harbor which will materially interfere with the formation of a\nchannel of fourteen or fifteen feet in depth at the lowest stage of the tide.\n7. Except on the bar and in the neighborhood of the rocky ledges, the Nature of th\nbottom appears to be composed of soft mud, into which the boring-rod DOTit;om'\u00ab\npenetrated generally to the depth of ten feet without difficulty ; therefore it\nwould seem to be quite practicable to provide the necessary depth and\nXX X. v X\naccommodation at the anchorage and alongside the wharves.\n?he entire removal of the rocky bed which occupies one half the pool Rocky bed at\nSongn'\"\nPoint.\nbetween Songhies point and the old bridge, would seem to be neither practicable '\nnor necessary, and under any circumstance's would be attended with an\n10 '25 194\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nJames Bay,\nRemoval of\nold bridge.\nNecessity for\na dredging\nmachine and\nDiving bell.\nExtensive\nnature of\nnudcrtakini\nI\nenormous outlay of money; but we think it would be highly desirable to blast\naway such portions as rise so near the surface as to endanger vessels entering\nor leaving near high water, and thus to obtain a uniform depth over this bed ;\nand the first of these which should be removed is that part of the ledge known\nas the Beaver Rock, which has only two or three feet on it at low tides, and\n7 J 7\nis very much in the way of ships entering or leaving the harbor.\n9. James Bay, though at present very shoal, is capable of being very\nconsiderably deepened, its bed being composed of soft mud; there is considerable accommodation for wharfage on both its shores, as well as anchorage\nin the centre, and we consider this a very important part of the harbor. It\nmay be here remarked that its head, above the bridge, dries at low water, and\nJ CD \u25a0 7\nis likely, as the town increases, to become extremely offensive and injurious in\na sanitary point of view : and it seems worthy of consideration whether\nthis portion might not be reclaimed by filling in, and thus become a source of\nrevenue to be applied to the improvement of the harbor.\n10. The removal of the old bridge, which we understand is immediately\nto take place, will add considerably to the accommodation for shipping, and the\nfacilities for constructing lines of wharves * and, looking to the comparatively\nlimited extent of the harbor, no piers or wharves should be allowed to extend\nfurther into the stream than those already in existence, \"and in the construction of any new ones,either above or below the bridge, the projection\nshould be limited to the smallest extent consistent with a due regard to a\nsufficient depth, either existing or to be obtained by dredging, and shoidd\nmoreover exhibit one unilbrm bine of water frontage, closed in by strong\nplanking or masonry from high water mark to the rock bed of the harbor,\nI and this latter recommendation should be applied to all wharves, whether\nnow in existence or to be hereafter constructed.\n11. To cany out the improvements thus specified, or indeed, with the\nrapidly increasing traffic, to preserve the harbor in its present state, it will be\nnecessary to procure a dredging machine ; and taking into consideration the\nextensive nature of the work to be performed we recommend that it should\nbe constructed on the best and most approved principle, viz : that generally\nadopted in the harbors of the United Kingdom\u2014a series of buckets on an\nendless chain.\n12. Fop-the removal of rocks by blastingia diving-bell is an indispensable\naid, and is also actually necessary in conjunction with the dredging machine.\n7 9\/ 9. %7 O X -* 97 X\nfor under a series of years. To effectually remove the bar at the entrance, to\ndeepen the channel to the extent necessary, to scoop out the whole basin of the\nanchorage, as proposed, and to remove the rocks scattered over it, would\ndoubtless involve a very considerable outlay, and would require the undivided\nattention and superintendence of an engineer*? experienced in such operations,\nand it does not seem to us probable that such a work could be completed,\nunder favourable circumstances, with one dredging machine within a period of\nsix or seven years; but whether it is decided to undertake the greater\n97 7 CD\noperation of permanently enlarging and deepening the harbor, or whether it\nwill be deemed sufficient, so far to improve it by deepening the bar so as to\nallow vessels of fourteen feet draught to enter at all times of tide, or even to\npreserve it in its present state of efficiency, the dredging machine and diving-\nx X 9\/ 7 CD CD CD\nbell will be equally necessary ; indeed under either of the circumstances considered, they will be indispensable.\n7 t\/ X APPENDIX.\n195\nshewing work\ne done.\n14. In order to make this statement the more plain, and to give a more Tracing,\nX. 7 CD *t \u2022\t\nexact idea of the^work contemplated, we append a tracing of the harbor with I ^\nthe different portions of the work required, marked in sections, showing the\nnumber of cubic yards to be dredged in each to reduce the bottom to the\nuniform depth of fourteen feet on the bar, and sixteen feet within the harbor\nat low water, together with an approximate estimate, of the first outlay to\n7 *\/ 7 CD CD\nmachines are constantly employed : fromtwhich it will be seen that during a\n\u20227 X v 7 |t CD\nperiod of four years the average amount of soil removed was 57,200 cubic\nyards per annum for each machine,^at an average cost of tenpence per cubic\nyard.\n15. It will be observed that in the accompanying estimates, no provision Removal ef\nhas been made for the removal of rocks, an operation in itself entirely distinct roc^B-\nfromHhe dredging.\n16.&There are a*fewaotherrpoints,Iwhich though'not involving any con-\nsiderable outlay of money, are onlyfsecond in importance to the essential ones\njust enumerated, and will go far to maintain the efficiency and convenience of\nVictoriajas a commercial port when once so established; there are likewise\nsome matters of detail, which,|though perhaps not generally included in a report of this nature, may not be considered out of place in this particular\ninstance.\n17. A harbor light would be of great assistance to vessels entering at Harbor light,\nnight, especially passenger steamers from Fraser River, and we consider\nColville Island to be the most eligible site for it; we recommend on account\nof the numerous Indian fires and other lights constantly exposed near the\nharbor, that the light should bexa colored one, or what is preferable a combination of bright and red by two lanterns ; the light in this position would\nnot interfere with the sea lights outside, nor could it be mistaken for that on\nO 7\nFisgard Island, by vessels bound for Esquimalt.\n18. The practice of throwing into the harbor or under the wharves, ^^.w\/n.\u00b0\nrubbish, ashes, &c, from the different vessels should be strictly prohibited, j^-k^ m \u00b0\nand a suitable boat or lighter should be provided for the purpose of receiving\nsuch refuse, a place being appointed in some part ot the harbor, above high\nwater mark, for its final reception.\n19. The want of a public landing place is severely felt, and we strongly Public land-\nrecommend that one be established at an early period in such a position that i^sr-place.\nboats may land at all times of the tide, and that no vessels or boats be permitted to lie alongside of it, or to impede the landing of passengers, &c.\n* 20. We have made ourselves acquainted with the Harbor Proclamation Non compli-\nof 1858, and we consider that it provides, in almost every respect, for the JnCvJ\nproper regulation of all matters falling within the province of the harbour lation\nmaster; but its provisions appear to have been totally disregarded, and we\ncannot learn that any penalty has ever been enforced or conviction taken\nplace for a breach of the laws therein laid down. Finally, we are of opinion\nthat the appointment of the harbor master, as it at present exists in conjunction\nwith another office, is*totally incompatible with the due performance of the\nimportant functions which should devolve on him in the former capacity, viz ;\nthe rigid enforcement of the regulations before alluded to, as well as the\ngeneral direction of the improvements recommended, in conjunction with the\nSuperintending Engineer ; and we recommend that he should have at his disposal a boat and crew in order that he may keep himself personally acquainted^\nance with\nharbor i\nlations.\n\u00a3>ee note-on page 190, 196\nBrIITISH COLUMBIA.\nw*ith the depth of the harbor, and par form his various duties afloat in an\nefficient manner.\nWe have the honor to be your Excellency's obedient servants,\n(Signed) George Henry Richards,\nJoseph W. Trutch,\nJohn Gastineau,\nJ. Despard Pemberton,\nW. A. Mouatt,\nJohn J. Cochrane.\nTo IJis Excellency James Douglas, Esq., C.B., t--\u00bb 4 iRi\u00ab -- 3^j4*\u00bb rt %r> 1 \no 1\nKate per\niibie Yard.\n\u00a3 a. d.\n11,841 18 2\n13,612 11 S\n9,742 7 C.V\n10,659 3 8~\n218,110\n313,810\n294,440\n317,660\n\u00a3 s. d.\n0 11\n0 0 10$\n0 0 8\n0 0 8 APPENDIX.\n197\nThe above steam dredges were fitted with engines from t.-, A .0 to twenty-\nO CD 9\/\ntwo horse power and consumed from 15^ to 181bs. of coal per horse power,\nper hour. The whole cost of the five dredges, a steam tug, two diving bells,\nand 160 punts was \u00a339,000.\n(Signed) B. W. Pearse,\nActing Surveyor General.\n31st January. 1865.\ny:pKWrSv-\"-:' \" I **\u25a0*\u25a0**\u25a0*\u25a0 198\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nAPPENDIX HE\nGENERAL REPORT OF THE STEAMER \"SIR JAMES DOUGLAS,\"\nTHE PROPERTY OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE DOMINION OF CANADA, RUNNING .IN THE PROVINCE OF\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nDescription of The Steamer was built in Victoria Harbor, in 1864, by Robert Ewing,\n!\u00a3\u00ab\u2022 S|Leamer Government Contractor, in connection with a scheme for the purpose of\nSir James j \u201ej \u2022_ -rr- j. \u2022 tt i\nDouglas.\" dredging Victoria Harbor.\nDimensions.\u2014Length of keel, 110 feet; extreme length, 120 feet;\nextreme beam, 18 feet 8 inches; depth of hold, 10 feet; draught of water,\n10 feet 6 inches ; measurement*in tons, 153\u00a3\u00a3.\nMaterial of Hull.\u2014The best Douglas pine, with the exception of alternate floor timbers, which are of natural crooks of Vancouver Island oak,\ncoppered to 10 feet 9 inches with 20 ounce copper,\nFastenings.\u2014Copper and iron, also locust treenails.\nStem Posts.\u2014Secured below with heavy sun-metal shoe and through\ncopper bolts, and above with iron knees, and a wooden transom, natural\ncrook.\nDeck.\u2014Flush for 90 feet, from thence a poop deck, raised 2 feet high\nto taffrail, to give cabin room.\nAccommodatio,>.\u2014Cabin 14 feet long by 15 feet wide, abaft this is a\ncabin on each side, with double berths and steward's pantry amidships, with\nstorerooms right abaft. Captain and engineer's cabins 4 feet by beam of\ncd x a v\nship, forward of the main cabin. Forecastle to berth eight hands.\n4 Engines.\u2014A pair of diagonal, condensing, direct^acting; diameter of\ncylinder 27 inches, length of stroke of piston, 16 inches, average revolutions\n95 per minute, nominal power 40 horses.\nBoiler.\u2014Tubular, length 9 feet 4 inches, breadth 10feetrand height\n13 feet, fitted with three furnaces and 190 three inch tubes, 5 feet. 6 inches\nlong; extreme working pressure 20 lbs. to the square inch, and average\npressure 15 lbs.; built for and placed in vessel by Messrs. Spratt and\nKriemler, of Victoria, July, 1870.\n\/ 7 97 7\nBankers.\u2014Iron, capable of holding 22 tons of coal. Consumption per\nhour 9 cwt.\nPropeller.\u2014Composition, two bladed, 11 feet pitch and 7 feet diameter.\nSpeed.\u2014Average from 8 to 9 knots.\nSpare parts of Engines.\u2014One piston and rod complete, one connecting\nrod, and one air-pump bucket.\nMasts.\u2014Two in number. Taper spars, 50 feet from deck to truck.\nRigging.\u2014Hemp.\nSails.\u2014Gaff fore and mainsail, and stay foresail.\nAnchors.\u2014Two bower, two stream, and \u00a9ne kedge.\n7 7 CD\nChain Cables.\u2014Two three-quarter inch, 60 fathoms each, not studded.\nBoats.\u2014Two in number, one four oared and 2*2 feet long, and one two\noared 16 feet long.\nPumps.\u2014 One Downton's patent deck pump.\nEmployment of Vessel.\u2014From January, 1865, to January, 1866, towing\npunts and attending on dredge, lighthouses, lightships, &c.\nFrom January, 1866, to present date, carrying mails, passengers and\nEmployment\nof vessel, APPENDIX.\n199\nPassenger\nfares.\nfreight along the east coast of Vancouver Island from Victoria to Comox,\ncalling at the following settlements, viz. : Cowichan, Maple Bay, Admiral\nIsland, Chernainus, and Nanaimo, weekly, and to Comox fortnightly. The\nrates of fare are as follows :\nFrom Victoria to\u2014\nCowichan, Maple Bay, and Admiral Island, single ticket, two\ndollars and fifty cents ($>2 50), return ditto, four dollars ($4).\nChernainus, single ticket, three dollars* ($3), return ditto, five\ndollars ($5).\nNanaimo, single ticket, four dollars ($4), return ditto, six dollars\nand fifty cents ($6*50).\nComox, single ticket, six dollars ($6), return ditto, ten dollars ($10).\nFreight.\u2014To all places between Victoria and Nanaimo, three dollars ($3) Freight charge\nper ton of forty feet.\nFrom Victoria to Comox four dollars ($4) per ton.\nAll cattle to Cowichan, Maple Bay, and Admiral Island three dollars\n($3) per head.\nTo Chernainus four dollars ($4); Nanaimo, five dollars ($5); and to\nComox, six dollars ($6).\nSmall animals, such as calves, sheep, pigs, &c, from fifty cents (50 cts.)\nto one dollar and fifty cents ($1*50).\n4V \\ \/\nMileage.\u2014From Victoria to Cowichan, 36 miles; thence to Maple Bay, Distances.\n9 miles ; thence to Admiral Island, 5 miles ; thence to Chernainus, 7 miles ;\nthence to Nanaimo, 22 miles; and thence to Comoxr55 miles.\nVictualling.\u2014The vessel is provisioned by the steward, who has a victualling.\ncontract from the Government of one hundred and seventy-five dollars ($175)\nper month, for which sum he has to provide food for officers and crew,\nfinding his own and cook's labor ; he has also to find the vessel in water and\nlights. The Government, to compensate him for the smallness of his allowance, permits him to fmrnish food for, and charge passengers at the following\nrates, viz. ; For breakfast and tea, fifty cents (50 cts.), and for dinner,\nseventy-five cents (75 cts.); he is also allowed to supply liquors to the\npassengers while running, at the usual charge, without paying a license.\nSalaries and Wages.\u2014\nWilliam Clarke, Master $120 per month.\nBenjamin Madigan, Engineer 120 ,,\n1 Man 40 \u201e\n1 do 35 \u201e\n1 do ... , 30 \u201e\n2 Firemen each 50 ,,\n1 Indian 15 \u201e\nCost of Fuel.\u2014The price of fuel delivered on board at Nanaimo, five\ndollars and fifty cents ($5*50) per ton, best quality. \\\nnw9mmam9w^999wwwmmmm9^m3ifma^mm9mmmmm9W9m9^m9mm9^9m9^mm9^9mm9^ *\" ih'j.hhhi \u25a0 m \u2014\u2014\u2014i\u2014\u25a0 \u25a0!\u25a0 n mm'.ig\nSalaries and\nwages.\nFuel.\nReceipts and\nexpenditure.\nReceipts.\nExpenditure.\nFor the year 1866 ...\nApproximated, 1867,\ndo 1868,\n1869,\n$ cts.\n13,888 88\n13,771 00\n13,771\n00\n1871 to 19th July\n14,003 91\n1870... I 13,420 18\n',901 98\n76,756 99\nFor the year 1866 ..\nApproximated. L867\ndo ' 1868\n1869\n1870\n1871 to 19th July...\n$ cts.\n13,849 70\n13,777 37\n13,777 37\n12,092 50\n13,478 48\n7,565 48\n74,540 90 200\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nThe sum of $4,200 per annum is included, being allowed to the credit of\nthe ship, for carrying the mails, that being the lowest sum tendered for this\nmail service by a steamer of inferior power and accommodation. The expenditure column does not cover interest on cost of vessel, or depreciation.\nRepairs. Necessary repairs wanted.\u2014Keel will require immediate attention, the\nvessel having struck on an unknown rock in June last; new rudder head;\ncopper getting very thin, will require renewing: caulking outside; to do this\n1 X KJ CD 97 7 \u00b1 9^ J \u00a3D *\nit will be necessary to haul the vessel on ways. Estimated cost as follows,\n\u00bb 97 *\nviz. :\nHauling on ways, and launching $550 00\nStripping, caulking and re-coppering 410 00\nRepairing keel 100 00\nNew rudder head 100 00\nSlight repairs to machinery 150 0\nMaterial 1,500 00\n2,810 00\n(Signed)\nW. CLARKE,\nMaster in charge.\nI APPENDIX.\n201\nAPPENDIX II.\nCOPY OF LEASE FROM WESTERN UNION TELEGRAPH CO., TO\nBRITISH COLUMBIA GOVERNMENT, OF ITS TELEGRAPH\nLINES IN THAT PROVINCE.\nThis Indenture made the eleventh day of February, in the year of Our Xje&se of\nLord One thousand eight hundred and seventy-one, between the Western telegraph line\nUnion Telegraph Company of the one part, and the Government of British to Government\n^ ,,.?., - \u00b0f British\nColumbia ot the otner part. Columbia.\nWhereas certain negotiations have taken place betweeii the said parties\nhereto, respecting the maintenance and repair of the telegraphic lines hereinafter mentioned: And whereas it was agreed by and between the said parties -perms 0f\non the twentieth day of May last past, that the said Western Union Telegraph agreement\nCompany, should make fothe said Government of British Columbia, a per- recited,\npetual lease of its telegraphic lines, instruments and appurtenances *for\nworKing the same from Swinomish, Washington territory, to Quesnel, British\nColumbia, upon conditions that th\u00bb said Government of British Columbia\nshould during the existence of such lease, maintain and keep in repair and in\ngood working order at their own proper cost and expense the submerged or\ncable portions of the telegraph lines of the said Western Union Telegraph\nCompany between Victoria, Vancouver Island, and Swinomish. Washington\nX V 7 7 r O\nTerritory, and it was also agreed by and between the said oarties hereto, that\nall messages offered by the said Government of British Columbia whether on\nCD 9\/\nGovernment business or otherwise, destined for any point-north of Swinomish,\nshould be transmitted by the said Western Union Telegraph Company free of\nexpense between Victoria and Swinomish ; and it was also agreed that the\nobligation to pay the cost of keeping the said cable lines in. repair might be\nterminated by the said Government of British Columbia on giving one month's\nprevious notice in writing to the said Western Union Telegraph Compr ny,\nat San Francisco, California, in which case the lease of the telegraph lines\nand appurtenances, from Swinomish to Quesnel and other points in British\nColumbia should terminate, as also the privilege of free messages between\nSwinomish and Victoria : And it was also agreed that the telegraph line\nso leased, should upon the termination of such lease, be delivered to the\nsaid Western Union Telegraph Company, by the said Government of\nCD \u25a0 X X v 7 %j\nBritish Columbia in as good order and condition as the same were in\nwhen the said Government received the same\u2014reasonable wear and tear\nexcepted :\nAnd it was also agreed by and between the said parties hereto that\nthe said Western Union Telegraph Company, would execute such instru\nments or\nagreemen\nassurances\nnow being\nas nngm\nrecited :\nue\ndeemed necessary to effectuate the\nAnd whereas since the date of the said\nbeen faithfully observed by both parties\nthereto :\nAnd whereas it has been considered advisable that the said Western\n10-26\nagreement the terms thereof have\n\/*- 292\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nFormal lease\ngranted.\n\u20acrovernmentta\nmaintain Submarine Cable\nin repair.\nPower to Government to terminate lease.\nLines to be delivered in good\norder.\nUnion Telegraph Company, should grant a formal lease to the said Government of British Columbia, of the telegraphic line above mentioned :\nNow this Indenture Witnesseth that in performance of the said agreement and for the considerations aforesaid, the said Western Union Telegraph\nCompany, doth hereby demise and lease unto the said Government of British\nColumbia, their successors, and assigns, all their telegraphic lines, instruments\nand appurtenances for working the same, from the Town of Swinomish, in\nWashington Territory, to the Town of Quesnel in British Columbia, and to\nall other points in British Columbia, in extension of the said line, to have\nand to hold the same unto the said. Government of British Columbia for\nthe term of nine hundred and ninety nine years from the said twentieth\nday of May, in the year ef our Lord One thousand eight hundred and\nseventy.\nProvided always and these presents are made upon this express condition\nthat the said Government of British Ckdumbia their successors or assigns shall,\nduring the continuance of the term hereinbefore created, or intended so to be,\nriiaintai\u00bb and keep in repair, and in good working order at the proper cost;\nand expense of the said Government of British Columbia, their successors or\nassigns, the submerged or cable portions of the telegraphic lines belonging to\nthe said Western Union Telegraph Company, between the City of Victoria\nin Vancouver Island, and the Town of Swinomish, in Washington Territory;\nand it is herebv agreed by a.nd between the said parties hereto that during\ni. CD 97 i o\nthe continuance of the term herebv created, or intended so to be, all messages\noffered by the said Government of British Columbia, whether on Government\nbusiness or otheiwise, for any points north of the said Town of Swinomish,\nsnail be transmitted by the* said Western Union Telegraph Company, from\nthe said City of Victoria, to the said Town of Swinomish, free of any cost or\ncharge to the said Government of British Columbia.\nAnd it is hereby also agreed and declared by and between the said parties\n\u00ab\/ CD %7 * 1\nhereto, that the obligation assumed by the said Government of British Columbia, as aforesaid, as a consideration for the grant of the term\nhereby created, or intended so to be, to pay the cost of keeping the said cable\nlines in repair between the said City of Victoria and the said Town of\nSwinomash, may be terminated by the said Government of British Columbia,\ntheir successor or assigns, on giving one month's previous notice in writing\nto the said Western Union Telegraph Company, by leaving the same at or\nsending the same to the office of the said Company, in the City of San\nCD l 97 7 t\nFrancisco, in the State of California, at the expiration of which notice these\npresents, and the term hereby created, and all the rights and privileges\nhereby granted, and all the liabilities of both parties hereto, or their or either\nof their successors or assigns, shall absolutely cease and determine.\nProvided nevertheless, and it is .hereby declared, that upon the expiration, or other sooner determination of the term hereby created, the said\ntelejtfraph lines, so demised and leased as hereinbefore mentioned, by the said\nWestern Union Telegraph Company, to the said Government of British\nColumbia, shall be delivered up by the said Government of British Columbia\ntheir successors or assigns, to the said Western Union Telegraph Company,\ntheir successors or assigns, in as good order and condition as the same\nwere in when handed over by iihe said Western Union Telegraph Company,\nto the said Government of British Columbia, reasonable wear and tear\nexcepted.\nIn witness whereof the said Western Union Telegraph Company, have\ncaused their corporate seal to be hereunto affixed and Anthony Musgravej Esq.,\nthe Governor of the Colony of British Columbia, has hereunto set his hand\non behalf of the Government of British Columbia, and has caused the public\nseal of the Colony to be hereunto affixed. The Western Union Telegraph Company,\n[L.S.] | By Geo. H. Mumford,\nGenl. Agent,\nSigned, sealed, and delivered on behalf of the Western Union Telegraph\nCompany, by the said Geo. H. Mumford, in \"die presence of,\n(Signed) Geo. S. Ladd, Secretary,\nCol. Slate, Tel. Co.,\n[L.S.] (Signed) A. Musgrave, Governor.\nSigned, sealed, and delivered on behalf ot the said Government of British\n^O 7 7\nColumbia, by the said Anthony Musgrave, in the presence of\n(Signed) George Phillipp, Attorney General,\nBritish Columbia,\nCertified correct copy,\nCharles Good, Colonial Secretary.\nat 204\nBRITISH COLUMBIA,\nAPPENDIX J J,\nEmbankment\nat James Bay.\nAdvantages to\naccrue.\nCost\nof the\nwork great,\nand delay advisable.\nJAMES BAY, VICTORIA.\nIn reference to the tenders for the construction of a new bridge across\nJames Bay, forwarded herewith for His Excellency's consideration. I take\nt. 7 V 7\nthe opportunity of remarking that I have approximately calculated the cost\nof building an embankment, faced with a stone wall, and having a 20 feet\nO \/ 7 CD\nroadway on top, across the bay on the same line as and instead of the proposed bridge, with the view of reclaiming that portion of James' Bay which\nlies to the eastward of the said line, and which might then be filled up with'\nmaterial dredged from the harbor.* This measure was suggested in the\nreport of t lie Victoria Harbor Commissioners, dated 28th February, 1862,\nand offers many prospective advantages in connection with the general\nscheme then advised for the improvement of the harbor.\nBy it the wharf and harbor accommodation would be considerably\nincreased, whilst the head of James Bay, ten acres in extent, now at low\nwater a bank of offensive mud, a nuisance to the neighborhood, and injurious\n7 CJ \\7\nto the general health, would be converted into a valuable piece of land available\neither for business purposes or as a public square.\nBut the cost of this embankment alone, irrespective of the filling\nnecessary for reclaiming the land, would not be less than $15,000 (fifteen\nthousand dollars), and as the benefits of the proposed plan could only be\nfully realized in connection with the resumption of the expensive operation\nof dredging the harbor, I am of* opinion that this work should be deferred\nuntil the colony can better afford the outlay necessary to carry the project\ninto execution, and the value of the land to be\nto more amply counterbalance such outlay. \"\n24th November, 1868.\n- The Colonial Secretary.\n(Signed,)\n*eclaimed has increased so as\nJoseph W. Trutch. APPENDIX KK.\nCORRESPONDENCE ON THE SUBJECT OF A GRAVING DOCK,\nAT ESQUIMALT.\nRear ^Admiral Hastings to Governor Seymour.\nZealous, in Esquimalt,\n20th August, 1867.\niolR,\nHavino- received instructions from the Lords Commissioners of From Admiral\non this station tor Hastings to\nthe Admiralty to report upon the facilities affordea uu w^ ouc^^ *\u00ab*. Gover~Qr geJ\ndocking vessels the size of my flag ship, I beg to acquaint Your Excellency m(rar.\nthat liaising filled to find such, J have directed a Board of officers, to select\nthe most eligible site in this harbor for the construction oi a clock.\nI now enclose for Your Excellency's information, the report I have\nreceived from them, and the services of Mr. Pearse, Assistant Surveyor-\nGeneral, having been kindly rendered inconsequence of my application to the\nColonial Secretary, during your Excellency's absence, I am glad to be\nenabled to inform you that so far as the borings have vet been carried, the\nnature of the bottom is most favorable for such a work.\nBefore making my report to their lordships, I shall communicate further\nwith Your Excellency.\nI have, &c,\n(Signed,) Geo. F. Hastings.\nRear-Admiral, Commander-in-Chief.\nHis Excellency\nGovernor Seymour, &c, &c.\nReport on the most convenient site for erecting a Dock at Esquimalt, for the *6P\u00b0fdo^k *\n\u201e.\u00bb\/,\u2122\u00bb\u00bbnJ\u201e^,\/vr, s*-f dJt\u00bb\/no n-F tlio KrrTt.nrfr\/Yn.. -m : ii\naceommodation of Ships of the Squadron\nEsquimalt.\n(No. 53.)\nH.M. S. \"Zealous,\"\nEsquimalt, 31st July, 1867.\nSIE) In compliance with your memorandum of the 27th instant, we\nhave proceeded to examine the Harbor of Esquimalt for the purposeof\nfixing on the most favorable site for building a dock calculated to receive\nsuch a ship as the \" Zealous,\" or even larger, and beg to report as follows :\u2014\n1st We find, on examination of the charts, that \" Lang Cove\" offers Recommenda-\nevery facility for the formation of a graving dock, and would give twenty- tions.\nfour feet over the sill at high water.\n2nd Before a decisive opinion can be given, we require that the cove\nat the upper end should be bored, and a survey.taken of the surrounding\nland. Captain Hamp, of Victoria, is we believe the owner or part owner of\nthe property referred to. .\n3rd. To effect this recommendation, a civil engineer should m our\nopinion be employed,\/ ! 20G\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\n4th. As intthe formation oi\na graving or Other dock, labor would in\nmost part have to be supplied from England, we would beg to offer as our\nsuggestion that reference be made to the system in use at San Francisco for\ndocking ships by means of iron pontoons ; as although a graving dock would\nin our opinion be in all respects superior to any other, time in the erection\nof a dock (especially as our report lias special application to the \" Zealous \")\nshould be considered.\nWe have the honor to be, Sir,\nYour obedient servants,\n(Signed),\ndo\ndo\ndo\ndo '\ndo\nR. B. Oldfield, Captain,\nH. M. S. \" Melacca\"\nR. Dawkins, Captain,\nH. M. S. \" Zealous.\"\nW. A. Liddell, Commander,\nB. M.S. ''Zealous A\nGeo. L. Carr, Staff Commander,\nH.M.S. \"Zealous.\"\nDanl. Pender, Master,\nCommanding il Beaver.\"\nThomas Rogers, Carpenter,\nH.nM. S. u Zealous.\"\nR ear-Admiral\nThe Hon. George F. Hastings, C.B.\nCommander-in-Chief.\nRear-Admir\nHastings to\nGovernor\nSeymour.\nal\nRear-Admiral Hastings to Governor Seymour\n16th October, 1867\n\" Zealous,\" at Esquimalt,\nHj& Excellency\nGovernor Seymour, &c, &c,\nBritish Columbia.\nSir,\u2014Referring to former correspondence and communications which\nhave passed between Your Excellency and myself respecting the construction\nof a dock in this colony, I beg to acquaint you that having visited lately the\n97 7 O X 97 O 97\nPort of Nanaimo and also Burrard Inlet, both of which localities have been\npointed out as offering the best sites for such a work, I am still more confirmed in my opinion that in Esquimalt Harbor is to be found the most\neligible situation for a dock.\nThe geographical position of this harbor, the facilities of ingress and\negress at any time of the day or night for sailing vessels, \"and the depth of\nwater and nature, of the bottom in Lang Cove\u2014the best site therein\u2014give it\nsuch indisputable advantages over every other port in this colony with which\nI am acquainted, that I have strongly urged upon the Lords Commissioners\nof the Admiralty the importance of such a work being therein undertaken\nby the Imperial Government.\nThe benefit that would thereby accrue to the colony under Your\nExcellency's Government must be so apparent as not to require comment\nfrom me, and I trust you may find yourself in a position to make such\nrepresentation thereon to the Colonial Secretary of State as may tend to\nstrengthen those which I have already made to the Admiralty.\nI have, s. to each team animal *- and\nCD CD * * 7\nthe mail coach drawn by six horses travels between Yale and Cariboo at the\nrate of nine miles an hour.\nFrom the Cariboo terminus of this road, and from Savona's, as well as\nfrom intermediate points along the road, various routes may be traced to the\ndifferent passes of the Rocky Mountains. But before a judicious selection\ncan be made of the line for a waggon road to the territory east of the Rocky\nMountains, it will be necessary to determine by more exact and detailed\n7 v \u2022\/\nengineering explorations and surveys than have yet been made, which of these\nO O X 97 97 7\npasses presents the least obstacles to the construction and maintenance of a\nroad through it, as well as the greatest advantages in its approaches, not only\nas regards engineering facilities, but with respect also to the character of the\ncountry to be passed through on either side of the mountains, its soil, climati,\nfreedom from inroads of hostile Indians, and general capabilities for settlement, and especially in relation to its accessibility from the existing lines of\n7 X 97 *7 O\ncommunication in this colony and to the eastward.\nThe following remarks embody the most reliable information extant on\nthis subject; and the accompanying opinions and estimates based thereon are\nadvanced in anticipation of the results of such a detailed survey as has just\nbeen suggested.\nThe passes through the Rocky Mountains at present known from the\nreports of various explorers, commencing with the Leather Pass, the most\nnortherly point by which it would be practicable for a road connecting the\nFraser River'Valley with the navigable waters of the Saskatchewan to cross\nthis range, and enumerating thence southward to the 49th Parallel, are as\nfollows, with their respective altitudes as far as they have been reliably determined bv actual observation :\n1. Leather Pass Altitude 3,760 feet.\n2. Athabasca \u201e 7,000 \u201e\n3. Howse's .... \u201e 4,500 \u201e\n4. Kicking Horse \u201e 5,210 \u201e\n5. Vermilion \u201e 4,90S \u201e\n6. Kananasky \u201e 5,700 .\u201e\n7. Crow's Nest \t\n8. Kootehay 1 ,, 6,300 \u201e\n9. Boundary \u201e 6,030 \u201e APPENDIX.\nill\nn-\nOf these the Athabasca Pass, although otherwise very favorably situated. Objections to\nis so elevated, steep, and rugged as to be quite impracticable for a coach road. Slx s\nThe six last enumerated passes although generally easy of passage, and in\nother lespects available for road communication, are too far south for the purpose of such a bine of connection between the sea-coast of British Columbia\nand the Canadas as is now under consideration, it having been determined by\nactual survey that no practicable route exists for the road through the three\nparallel ranges of mountains lying between the Lower Fraser Valley and the\nRocky Mountains, viz.: The Cascades immediately east of the Fraser; the\nGold Range west of the Columbia ; and the Selkirk Range in the Big Bend\nCD 7 CD CD\nof the Columbia, and between that river and the Kootenay River, except that\non which the road is now built, from Yale up the Fraser and Thompson\nRiver valleys to Savona's, thence by Kamloops, through the Eagle Pass, at\nthe upper end of Great Shuswap Lake, to the Columbia River at the Great\nEddy below the Little Dalles, and northward along-; the valley of the river, by\nthe Boat Encampment, and round the Big Bend southward past the mouth of\nHowse's Pass, of which line a more detailed description will be given further\non, in connection with the Howse's Pass Route.\nThe position of these southern passes is therefore, as regards their aeces- Southern\nsibility from the west coast, very disadvantageous when compared with that Passes com-\nr -rr \u00bb t> \"d at, ami \u2022 v 'i^t i j ' j i. J.-L pared with\nol Howses Pass. But they are still more liieligibly placed m respect to the Howse's pass\napproaches to them from the eastward; for these passes all debouch to the\neast into valleys, the waters of which are tributary to the South Saskatchewan,\npassing through a region of country beset with predatory Indians, and sterile\nand unattractive in comparison with the rich belt of land further north,\nthrough which the North Saskatchewan flows.\nTh\nmunicat\npass, by whatever route it may cross the great watershed of the continent;\nindeed it may safely be taken as an established fact that such a line of communication must intersect the North Saskatchewan at Fort Edmonton, or\nsome point higher up stream, so as to take advantage to the utmost of the\nlong extent of navigable water of that river.\nFrom such point, however, the southern passes are entirely cut off.\nThey may, therefore, be dismissed from further consideration in relation to an\noverland route through British Territory, the choice for which is thus narrowed\ndown, as to the point of crossing the Rocky Mountains, tp an alternative between the Leather Pass and Howse's Pass.\nthrough this rich district along the North Saskatchewan, a line of com- Route by\n3ation between British Columbia and the Red River Settlement must North Saskat\nchewan.\nLeather Pass Route.\nThe summit of the Leather Pass is the least elevated of all the known Leather Pass\npasses of the Rocky Mountains north of the 48th Parallel, being only, accord- -^\u00b0ute-\ning to Dr. Rae, 3,760 feet above the level of the sea. From Tete Jaune\nCache at the western end of this pass on the Fraser River, in latitude 52\u00b0\n48' north, longitude (about) 119\u00b0 50', to Henry's House nearly due east, the\ndistance is about ninety-five miles, the watershed being situated twenty-five\nmiles west of Henry's House.\nFrom Henry's Housj the pass turns nearly due north, and follows this\ncourse along the Athabasca River twenty-five mile3 to Jasper's House, at the\neastern outlet of the pass. The total length of this pass is thus about 120\nmiles, in which distance no great obstacles to the construction of a road are\npresented by the natural formation of the ground, the chief difficulties being\nthe swampy nature of the soil in places, and the frequent crossing of mountain streams.\nFrom Jasper's House to Fort Edmonton, the distance by the present line BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nDistance and\nCost.\nFraser River.\nTete Jaune\nCache to Ca-\nmerenton.\nMost practicable route.\nof travel is about 250 miles, through a roiling country gradually descending\nto the east, but in great part swampy, very deficient in grass or other feed for\nstock, and offering but little inducement for settlement. The distance from\nJasper's House to the navigable water of the Saskatchewan may, however, be\nreduced to about 160 miles, by adopting a line intersecting that river at its\njunction with the Brazeau River. This line would pass through a country\nmaterially the same as that between Jasper's House and Edmonton, and on\nwhich the chief road-making difficulties would be the great extent of swamps\nto be passed through.\nThe whole distance from Tete Jaune Cache to steamboat navigation on\nthe Saskatchewan thus appears to be 280 miles, and the cost of constructing\nthis length of road, of the character of those above described already built in\nthis colony, may be approximately estimated at $850,000.\nFrom Tete Jaune Cache the Fraser River is stated to be navigable for\nsteamers with some three or four interruptions where fails and rapids occur,\nnecessitating portages at these points, to Quesnel Mouth, 320 miles from Yale,\non the coach road between Yale and Cameronton.\nThe information obtained from persons who have travelled along this\nportion of the Fraser in canoes is too incomplete and wanting in detail to\nform the basis of any just estimate of its facilities for steamboat navigation ;\nenough is known, however, to warrant the conclusion that the impediments\nto navigation will on practical investigation be found far more numerous and\nserious than they are now supposed to be by those who favor this line of\nroute. At all events it is certain that this long line of water carriage, even if\npracticable at any time, can be made available only for a short period during\nthe summer and autumn; and as the construction of a road along the Fraser\nfrom Quesnel Mouth to Tete Jaune Cache is out of the question, not only on\naccount of the distance between these points (330 miles), but especially because of the numerous steep and rugged bluffs which oppose the passage of a\nroad along the banks of the river, it is evident that the Upper Fraser cannot\nbe depended on as a permanent route of communication across the continent.\nThe distance from Tete Jaune Cache to Cameronton (nearly due west)\nthe terminus of the coach road fiom Yale, is not more than eighty miles as\nthe crow flies, and it would therefore appear at first glance a matter of course\nthat an overland route through the Leather Pass should be built by this\nroute. But the intervening space is a sea of high rugged mountains, so\nbroken up into deep valleys and steep ridges that from present information it\nseems impossible to connect the two points by a road of practical curves and\ngradients, and we have therefore to seek in some other direction for a line of\nroad between T&te Jaune Cache and the Lower Fraser.\nThe most practicable route for such a road appears to be by a line running\ndue south from the \" the Cache,\" across the upper waters of Canoe River\n(which falls into the Columbia at the Boat Encampment), over the divide\n(about 2,800 feet above the sea level), between that stream and the North\nThompson, and down the valley of the latter river by Fort Kamloops, to a\njunction with the present terminus of the coach road at Savona's.\nThe distance from T&te Jaune Cache to Savona's by this route is 23,5 '\nmiles, the last 130 miles of which run through an open or lightly timbered\nbunch grass countrv along the banks of the North Thompson River and\nKamloops Lake, which are navigable for steamers throughout this distance,\nand on which waters in fact a substantial and powerful steamboat of 200 tons\nburden, built by the Hudson's Bay Company, is now plying.\nThe upper portion of this road between the Cache and the open country\non the Lower Thompson (a distance of 105 miles), would pass through a dense\nforest most of the way, but no high or steep summits have to be crossed, nor\nare there any serious engineering obstacles to be encountered. APPENDIX.\n213\n'^fihe cost of a road between Tete Jaune Cache and Savona's may therefore Cost.\nbe safely estimated at not more than $400,000.\nThere may exist routes (as some persons have stated) branching from the Other routes,\nline iust described, by way of the Wentworth or the Clearwater tributaries of\n%f 7 xf %7\nthe Thompson, and intersecting the present coach road somewhere about Lake\nLa Hache (210 miles from Yale). But the advantages which either of such\n\\ \/CD\ndeviations would offer in any respect over the route just described to Savona's\nare, to say the least, extremely doubtful, whilst on the other hand their disadvantages are obvious enough, of which it will be sufficient to specify one,\u2014\nO O \/ IT 97 7\nnamely:\u2014that, whilst these routes must cross over to Lake La Hache through\na district generally rough and timbered, and much intersected by swamps, the\nline to Savona's passes almost entirely through a nearly level prairie country.\nIn reference to this route from Tete Jaune Cache to Savona's, it should\nalso be mentioned that besides the continuous navigation from Savona's extending thence 120 miles up the North Thompson as before described, there\nare stretches of navigable water of some fifty miles in extent to the upper\nportion of this river, which would be found of great avail both in the construction of the road and in assisting traffic along it.\nCD CD\nIt may therefore be assumed that should a road from the North West \"Distance and\nTerritory cross the Rocky Mountains by the Leather Pass, it would follow ^^\nthis route down the Thompson to Savona's, to reach the Lower Fraser ; and\ntaking Yale as the western, and the junction of the Brazeau River with the\nNorth Saskatchewan as the eastern terminus, the distances by this line, and\nprobable cost of constructing along it a coach road of a similar character to\nthat already built in this colony may be thus recapitulated :\u2014\nDistance.\nOf which\nsteamboat\nnavigation.\n\u2022\nEstimated\ncost\nof road.\n133 miles.\n235 miles.\n280 miles.\nNone.\n130 & 50 miles.\nNone.\nAlready made at a\ncost of $830,000.\n$400,000.\nSavona's to Tete Jaune Cache\t\nTete Jaune Cache to mouth of Brazeau\nRive^r... \t\n$650,000.\nTotal\t\n648 miles.\n180 miles.\n$i;o5o,ooo.\nOf this line 305 miles remain to be built within the limits of this colony\nat an estimated cost of $610,000.\ni \/\n!,\nHowse's Pass Route.\nRocky Mountain House (3,200 feet above the sea level) in latitude 52\u00b0 Howse's pass\n20' north, longitude 115\u00b0* 10' west, and sixty miles up stream from the mouth route*\nof Brazeau River, may be taken as virtually the eastern terminus of the\nroute by way of Howse's Pass, as from that point the Saskatchewan is navigable for stern wheel steamers of light draught throughout its entire course to\nCD O O\nthe Great Rapids, twelve miles from its embouchure into Lake Winnipeg ;\nand from thence also the country eastward is so open, and descends in so\ngradual and even a plain to Fort Garry, that a road may be led across it in\nany direction, with but little expense.\n9\/7 x\nThe line of this route would follow up the Saskatchewan to its source, Route by this\nand cross the watershed 145 miles from Rocky Mountain House, at an eleva- ^aBS*\n97 7\ntion of 4,500 feet (740 feet higher than the summit of the Leather Pass).\nIn this distance the only material engineering difficulties occur in the last\nJ CD CD 214\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nNature of the\npass.\nDistance and\ncost.\nReport of Mr.\nMoberley.\nColumbia\nRiver.\nEagle pass.\nRoute,\ntwenty miles, along parts of which the road would require to be protected\nfrom the force of the mountain torrents, which at certain seasons inundate\nthe river valley.\nThe crossing of the divide by this pass in latitude 51\u00b0 00' north, is stated\nby Dr. Hector to be very easy, indeed almost imperceptible, and he had but\nlittle difficulty in taking his loaded pack-horses through to the Columbia,\nalthough no trail now exists through this pass, that formerly used by the\nNorth West Fur Company having long since become overgrown and obliterated.\nThe descent towards the Columbia, although less gradual than the ascent\n7 \u00a9 O\non the eastern slope,is described as by no means precipitous or broken, but quite\npracticable for a road. The distance from the summit to the Columbia at the\nmouth of Blaeberry River is about thirty miles, and the only obstructions noted\nbv Dr. Hector in this section were the heavy forest trees and dense undergrowth\nv J CD\nand fallen timber which rendered the passage of his horses very tedious.\nThe entire distance from Rocky Mountain House to the Columbia is 175\nmiles, and the cost of constructing this section of road may be set down at\n$360,000.\nThe distance from Blaeberry River down the Columbia to The Eddy, (in\nlatitude 51\u00b0 00' N., longitude about 11&\u00b0 30' west), at the eastern end of the\nEagle Pass through the Gold Range, which divides the Columbia Valley from\n*$\nThe distances by this route, and the estimated cost of constructing a road Distances and\nby it, are therefore as follows;\u2014 cost*\nitijjj^^jijinjiuuifiu\nDistance.\nYale to Savona's\t\nSavona's to the Columbia River at \"The\nEddy\"\t\nAlong the Valley of the Columbia Biver\nto the mouth of the Blaeberry River\nProm the Columbia River at the mouth\nof Blaeberry River, to the Rocky\nMountain House, head of navigation on North Saskatchewan\t\nTotal from Yale to Rocky\nMountain House\t\n133 miles.\n180 miles.\n165 miles.\n175 miles.\nOf which are\nnavigable\nby steamers.\nNone.\n110 miles.\n80 miles.\nNone.\nCost of\nnstruot\na road.\nconstructing\nAlready made at a\n30St <\n.000.\ncost of $830,000.\n653 miles.\n190 miles.\n412,000.\n360,000.\n$1,012,000.\nComparison of\ntwo routes.\nPossible extension of theroad\nOf this line 375 miles lie within the limits of this colony, a road for\nwhich distance would cost $72*2,000.\nIt thus appears that there is very little difference in the distances by\nthese two routes between the head of navigation on the Lower Fraser, and\nthe navigable waters of the North Saskatchewan, and that the expense of\nconnecting these two points by road is materially the same by either route.\nCD X 97 97 97\nThe choice between them must therefore depend on more general considerations, in respect of which their rival merits can only be determined after more\nexact enquiry has been made, and fuller information obtained, and as to which\nit would therefore be premature to hazard any conjecture at present.\nAlthough in the foregoing remarks the head of navigation on the Lower\nFraser has been treated as the western terminus of an overland route, there\nis nothing to prevent the line of road being continued, whenever the requirements of traffic call for its construction, from Yale down either bank of the\nriver to New Westminster (a distance of ninety-five miles), which town is\nalready connected by a road nine miles in length with Burrard Inlet, a harbor of great extent and ample depth of water, accessible at all times by\nvessels of the largest class.\nA narrow road has in fact been built along the line of telegraph on the\nleft bank of the Fraser River for about thirty miles from Yale, and this line\n*7 7\nof road is partially opened the rest of the way to New Westminster.\nIt is only necessary in concluding these observations to refer to the routes Other routes.\n\u00ab\/ \u00ab\/ CD\nthrough the Cascade Range, from Bentinck Arm and Bute Inlet, by which it\nhas been proposed to establish more direct communication between the sea\ncoast and the Upper Fraser, in the neighborhood of Alexandria and Quesnel\nMouth.\nThese lines have as yet been, but imperfectly surveyed, and are therefore\nonly partially known. It is however certain that the distance from Quesnel\nRemarks as to\nother routes. . 216\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nObjections\nto such\nroutes.\nMouth to the coast is less by either of these lines than by way of the Fraser\nRiver. There is also but little doubt that either line is pra^^able for a road,\nalthough presenting obstacles to road making, the difficulties and cost of\nwhich have been greatly under estimated, especially in the ease of the Bute\nInlet route. But. when it is taken into consideration that the construction of\nthis latter road from Bute Inlet to Quesnel Mouth, a distance of 230 miles,\nis advocated as a competing line to the coach road already built from that\npoint to Yale, the character and capacity of which have been above described,\nifc can hardly be believed that' in the present state and prospect of business in\nthis colony, such an undertaking can be seriously contemplated, nor is it reasonable to suppose that so unnecessary a section of new road from Quesnel\nMouth, running through wild tracts of land without a single white inhabi-\n7 CD CD CD\ntant, to a harbor of inferior character at the mouth of a narrow valley,\naffording hardly space for the site of a town, and but little land fit for cultivation, should, in place of the well established line to Yale, be made part of\na scheme for connecting the sea coast of British Columbia with the Canadas, or\nthat this latter most importantpbject should be weighted down with the super-.\nfluous cost of its construction.\nThe various lines of route above referred to, are shown on the accompanying sketch map.*\n, JOSEPH W. TRUTCH.\nLands and Works Office, New Westminster, B. C,\n19th February, 1868.\n*The sketch map here mentioned is not printed with this report, but is of record in the\nDepartment of Public Works. APPENDIX MM.\nEXTRACT FROM THE \"VANCOUVER ISLAND PILOT,\"\nBy Captain G. H. Richards, R.N.\nTides.\nIn the outer part of Juan de Fuca Strait, there is no very great strength Tide in the\nof tide; it varies from one to four knots, seldom so much as the latter, unless Strait of Fuca.\nnear Cape Flattery; but when approaching the more contracted part, in the\nneighbourhood of the Race Islands, which receives the first rush of the pent\nup waters of the Strait of Georgia, strengthened and diverted by the labyrinth\nof islands, which choke up its southern entrance, it is not surprising that\neddies, races, and irregularities occur which almost baffle any attempt at\nframing laws which may not rather embarrass than assist the seaman; the\nresult, however, of observations continued throughout an entire year at -\n\u2022W-i \u2022 4\nEsquimalt, and partially on other parts of the coast, during three seasons,\nappears to warrant the following conclusions, viz :\u2014\nThe flood tide sets to the northward, along the outer coast of the conti- Direction and\nnent and Vancouver Island. It enters the Strait of Fuca, at Cape Flattery, Jjjj\u00a3?ty of the\nrunning with considerable velocity, sometimes three or four knots, over\nDuncan and Duntze rocks; it then turns sharply into the strait, passing\nthrough the various channels among the Haro Archipelago, into the Strait of\nGeorgia, and within about five miles of Cape Mudge, where it is met by a\nflood from the northward, which, sweeping the western coast of Vancouver\nIsland, enters Goleta's Channel and Queen Charlotte Sound, at its northern\nextremity, in latitude 51\u00b0; thence southerly down the narrow waters of\nJohnstone Strait and Discovery Passage, meeting the tide which enters by\nFuca Strait, and reaches about midway between the northern and southern\nextremes of Vancouver Island, or close to the spot where the broad expanse\nof the Strait of Georgia merges into the narrow channels adjoining it.\nOn the western side of the island, the tides were found to be regular Tides on the\nflood'and ebb of six hours' duration ; the times of high water on the full and west side of th\u00ab\nchange, at Nootka Sound, and at the entrance of Goleta's Channel, varying\nvery little, and occurring near noon\u2014the greatest range, thirteen feet; nor\nis any marked irregularity observable in Johnstone Strait and Discovery\nPassage, except the not unusual circumstance, that the ebb stream continues\nto run to the northward for two hours after it is low water by the shore, the\nwater rising at the same time ; the ebb stream being of seven hours' duration,\nthe flood about five hours.\nThe great and perplexing tidal irregularities may therefore be said to be Tidal # irreg-\nembraced between the Strait of Fuca, near the Race Island, and Cape Mudge, -fi^it1*8'\na distance of 150 miles: and careful investigation of the observations made\n7 CD\nat Esquimalt, and among the islands of the Haro Archipelago, shows that\ntluring the summer months, May, June, and July, there occurs but one high Tides in the\nand one low water during the twenty-four hours ; his;h water at the full and Snmm,3r'\nCD J 7 CD\nchange of the moon happening about midnight, and varying but slightly from\nthat hour during- any day of the three months ; the springs range from eight\nCD 97 97 L CD O O\nto ten feet, the neaps from four to five feet. The tides are almost stationary\nx v\n10-28\nm 213\nBRITISH COLUMBIA..\nAutumn.\nWinter.\nSpring.\nfor two hours on either side of high or low water, unless affected by strong I\nwinds outside.\nDuring August, September, and October, there are two high and low 9\nwaters in twenty-four hours\u2014a superior and an inferior tide; the high water!\nof the superior varying between one hour and three hours A.M., the range I\nduring these months being from three to five feet, the night tide the highest.!\nDuring winter almost a reversal of these rules appears to take place; I\nthus, in November, December, and January, the twelve-homr tides again!\noccur, but the time of high water is at or about noon, instead of midnight.\nIn February, March, ana April, there are two tides\u2014the superior high |\nwater occurring from one hour to three hours P.M. Thus it may be said!\nthat in the summer months the water is low during the day, and in winter!\nlow during the night.\nThe ebb stream has always been found to run southward through the 1\nHaro Archipelago, and out of Fuca Strait, for two and a half hours after it is j\nlow water by the shore, the water rising during that time ; the ebb is stronger I\nthan the flood, and generally of two hours longer duration.\nThe tides during those months when two high and two low waters OGcur I\nin twenty-four hours, are far more irregular than when there is only one I\n%J 7 O 97\ntwelve-hour tide; and another anomaly exists, viz., the greatest range not I\nunfrequently occurs at the first and last quarters, instead of at the full and I\nchange of the moon. *' **^\n\/*\nt* APPENDIX.\n219 220\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nAPPENDIX OO.\ndpecifio duties\nSCHEDULE OF TAXES, DUTIES, FEES, AND ALL QTBER\nSOURCES OF REVENUE,\nSpecified under the Respective Laws or Authorities under which (derived.\n[Levied under Customs Ordinance, 2%>th March, 1867.]\nSchedule A.\nSpecific Duties.\niSk\nAle and Porter (in wood)\ndo (in bottle) ' 0\nBacon and Hams\t\nBarley, Oats, Malt, and Meld Peas..\nBeans and Spl^t Peas\t\nBitters\t\nButter \t\nCandles .. ..'\t\nCheese \t\nCider .. \t\nCigars \t\nCoal . \u2022 \t\nCoffee (raw)\t\nCoffee (mamifactured)\t\nEggs \t\nFlour\t\nFresh Fruits, viz.:\u2014Apples, Pears, Plums,\nCherries, Currants, Raspberries,\nSferawherries, and Gooseberries ..\nGunpowder (sporting)\n$ cts.\n0 15\n30\n4\n30\n1\n50\n10\n5\n5\n15\n00\n0\n0\n0\n1\n0\n0\n0\n0\n9\n1\n0\n0\nper gall.\nper dozen (qmrtsV.\nper lb.\nper 100 lbs.\nper lb.\nper gall.\nper lb.\na\n28\n6\nper gal.\nper 100 (2 cts. each).\nper ton.\nper Jb.\n0 12J- per dozen.\n1 50 per barrel.\n0\n0\n3\n5\n1\n2\n1\nGunpowder (blasting) .. 0\nHay \t\nLard \t\nLime\t\nLumber:\u2014\nRough Fir and Cedar\nDressed do\nShingles\t\nFence Pickets\nLaths ..\nLive Stock :\u2014 !\nHorses and Mules\nBeef Cattle ..\nMilch Cows..\nSheep and Goats\nHogs\t\nPotatoes \t\nRice \t\nSugar (raw)\t\nSugar (refined)\n1\n6\nQ\nO\n00\n5\nper lb\na\nit\n4\n0\n0 50\n00\n00\n00\n00\n00\nper ton.\nper lb.\nper barrel.\nper 1,000 feet.\nper 1,000.\nfi\n3\no\n0\n9\nper head.\n00\n00\n00\n75\n00\n0 00J per lb.\n0 1} .,\n0 2\n0 24\nii\nii\ni) \/\nAPEENDIX.\nI\nSpirits:\u2014\nBrandy 2 00 p\u00abr gall. (according\nto proof).\nGin, Whiskey, and Rum .... 2 00 \u201e \u201e\nAll other kinds .... .... 2 00 ,, \u201e\nTea 0 12\u00a3 per lb.\nTobacco .. 0 25 \u201e\nVegetables, viz.:\u2014\nOnions .. 0 2 \u201e\nOther kinds (fresh) 0 1 \u201e\nWheat 0 35 per 100 lbs.\nWines, viz. :\u2014\nChampagne and Moselle 3 00 jper dozen (quarts).\nChina Medicated.. 1 50 per gall.\n* California (red and white) .. .. 0 25 \u201e\nClaret .. 0 20 \u201e\nPort, Sherry, and all other descriptions 0 75 \u201e\nBran and Shorts.. .. 0 25 per 100 lbs>\nBuckwheat 0 1 per lb.\nOatmeal .. 0 1 \u201e\nCornmeal 0 00J \u201e\nHops 0 10 \u201e\nShot 0 2 \u201e\nSchedule B.\nAd Valorem Duties.\nPer cent.\n.Axes .. . \u2022 .. .. .. ..... 4.. .. .. i. t)\nBeef (salt) 10\nBilliard and Bagatelle Tables 12J\nBlankets 20\nBoots and Shoes 20\nBread 20\nCards (playing) .#, 50\nChocolate.. .. 20\nClothing (ready-made) 15\nConfectionery . .... .. 30\nDrugs, Medicines .. .. *20\"'\nDry Goods 12J\nEarthenware 12\u00a3\njjfish (preserved, dried, and salt) .. .... .. 15\n-Krearms ! 12A-\nFruits (preserved and dried) l^f'\nFurniture 15\nGlass and Glassware =.. 12^\nGrpceries ji*^'\nHardware and Ironmongery .\u2022 12J-f\nHarness and Saddlery . , 20\nHemp Canvas * 2J\nLeather .. ., .. , 15\nJewellery.. , 20\n~'J7-'t'':\nAd valorem\nduties.\n:i\/ 22*\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nPer cent.\nMachinery .. 10\nMatches 124\nMeat (preserved) 121\nMeat (fresh) 20\nMolasses 12*V\nNails 12J\nNuts and Almonds 12A\nOils \".. ...... 15\nOpium 25\nPaints .... ...... 10\nPork (salt) 10\nPlants, Trees, and Shrubs .. .. 12i\nPoultry (dead and alive) 25\nQuicksilver 10\nRope, Cordage, and Twine 5\nSoap 15\nStationery .. .. .. 12A\nTinware 25\nVegetables (preserved and salt) 10\nWaggons, Carriages 20\nTrunks 12J\nWatches and Clocks 12A\nWindow Sashes and Doors 20\nShip-building Material, viz.:\u2014\nManufactured Sails , 20\nCotton Canvas 5\nWoodenware 124\nYeast Powders 12\u00a3\nAll [other articles not enumerated in either of the\nabove lists, nor in the following list of free\ngoods 12J\nArticles free\nof duty.\nSchedule C.\nThe following articles shall be admitted free of duty :\u2014\n& 97\nAgricultural implements; books, printed and manuscript; bricks j all\nfresh fruits not enumerated in schedule of specific duties ; coin; gunny\nsacks; iron and steel; all kinds of woods not enumerated in schedule of\nspecific duties ; calves under 12 months old ; personal effects; salt; garden\nseeds; grain for seed; tar and pitch; tin, copper, and zinc; lead, in pipe,\nsheets, and bars ; wire, iron and brass ; copper sheets, boiler plates and bolts,\nand patent metal tor ships; iron hoops; sheet iron * rough and partially\nmanufactured woods used ih construction of carriages and waggons; steel\nsprings ; waggon axles ; anchors; cables, chains, and copper bolts, for shipbuilding ; fresh fish ; fish oil; whalebone | raw hemp, for rope-making; tallow ; gas retorts ; fire-clay; furs; hides; lemon and lime juice; guano;\nwool; oakum and jute; ships' blocks and junk; blacksmiths' coal. Harbour Dues,\nCollected under authority of the Shipping Ordinance)' 1867.\nFor all Vessels, other than vessels holding a\ncoasting license, entering or clearing at any\nport; for every such entrance or clearance\n(provided always that such charges shall not\nbe made upon, or exacted from, vessels seeking any harbor in distress, or by reason of\nstress of weather, or solely for the purpose\nof supplying themselves with stores and provisions) 0 4 per ton register.\nFor all River and Coasting Steamers 1 50 per ton per ann.\nFor all Coasting Sailing Vessels 1 00 \u201e \u201e\nFor every Boat, plying or let out for hire, under\n12 feet 2 50 for six months.\nFor every Boat, plying or let out for hire, 12\nfeet and over 5 00 \u201e\nFor every lighter and scow undtr seven tons,\nplying or let out for hire 6 00 ,,\n(For every additional ton above seven tons) ... 0 25 \u201e\nRoad Tolls,\nLevied under Procla\/mation dated 15th October; 1860.\n$ cts.\nFor every 50 lbs. of goods carried inwards from\nYale or Douglas, by land or water; and from\nHope by land 25\nAlso under Proclamation of 18th August, 186%.\nFor every Pound of Goods carried along the road\nfrom Lytton to Alexandria 0 1\nFor every Head of Cattle 0 25\nFor every Pound of Goods carried along the road\nfrom Lillouet to Alexandria 0 1\nFor every Head of Cattle 0 25\nKoad tolls.\nLand Sales,\nPrices fixed by Land Ordinance, 1870.\nUpset Price of Land per acre 1 00\nUpset Price of Town Lots (usual) 100 00\nPries* \u00bbi land. 224\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nMhiMflpfe-\nccipts.\nMiifiNG Receipts,\nLevied under Gold Mining Ordinance, 1867.\nFree Miners* Certificate, 1 year 5 00\ndo do 3 do 15 00\nRecord of Claim, or any other mining matter 2 50\nSearch of Records 1 00\nCopy of Records 1 25\nGrant of Flume Privileges 125 00\nRegistration of Flume 25 00\nRent of Grant for Flume, for each quafter mile\nper annum 12 50\nGrant of Drain Privileges 125 00\nRegistration of Drain 5 00\nRegistration where tolls are collected by Drain Co. 25 00\nRent of Grant when tolls are collected, each quarter mile per annum 25 00\nEiling Declaratory Statement (Joint Stock) 2 50\nNotice of Abandonment , 1 00\nLease of Mining Ground 125 00\nGrant of Water-ditch exceeding 300 inches 125 00\nRent of Water for every 50 inches per annum (if\nsold, an average day's receipt once a month)... 5 00\nInspecting Certificate in re Water Privileges 1 00\nLicense*.\nLicenses.\nCottecfad under authority of Licenses Ordinance, 1867.\n(a) By each Person vending Spirituous or Fermented Liquors, by retail; for each House or\nPlace in the colony where such vending is carried on, if in a town of not less than fiftv\n3 9\/\ninhabitants -(for every six months) 100 00\n(b) Where such retail vendfiag is carried on in a\n-ifiiSi^idistKct not forming part of a town (for\nevery-six months) 30 00\n(c) By each-Person not havirtga Retail License as\nabove, and vending spirituous and fermented\nliquors by wholesale; that is to say, in quantities of not less than two gallons, for each\nhouse or place in the colony (for every six\nmonths) 25 00\n(d) By each Person keeping a Saloon or Building\nwhere a Billiard Table is used for hire or profit (for each table for every six months) 5 00\n(e) By each Person keeping and letting for \"hire\nany Bowling Alley or Rifle Gallery ; for eacl*^\nbowling alley or rifle gallery (for every six\nmonths) ' 5 00\n(f) By every person keeping a Dance House (for\nevery six months) , 100 00 (g) By every person selling Opium, except chemists and druggists using the same in the preparation of prescriptions of medical practitioners (for every six months) 50 00\n(h) For every person carrying on the business of\na wholesale, or of a wholesale and a retail\nMerchant or Trader (for every six months)... 50 00\nFor every retail Trader (for every six months) 5 00\nSuch two last mentioned licenses to enable the\nperson paying the same to change his place of\nabode or business at pleasure, but not to carry\non business at two places at a time under\none license.\n(i) By every person, not having a Free Miner's\nCertificate, engaged in Mining for Gold, whether on his own account or for hire; such payment to include a Free Miner's Certificate (for\none year) 5 00\n(j) By every person owning a Pack Train of more\nthan six animals, Freight Waggon, Stage Coach\nor Omnibus, used in transporting goods for\nprofit or hire, a distance beyond ten miles from\nany town, and not paying a Merchant's or\nTrader's License (for every six months) 5 JC\n2. By every person owning a Pack Train of less\nthan six animals, Dray, Waggon, or Omnibus\nused in transporting goods and passengers, for\nprofit or hire, within a distance of ten miles\nfrom any town, and not paying a Merchant's\nor Trader's License (for every six months) ... 250\n3. By every Livery Stable Keeper not paying Trad\ning License (for every six months) 10 00\n4. By every person following the calling of Cattle\nDrover in the colony (for every six months)... 50 00\n(k) By every person carrying on, on his own account, the business of a Banker, at one place\nof business (for one year) 400 00\nFor each other place of business in the colony\n(for one year) , 100 00\n(I) By every person practising as a Barrister-at-\nLaw, Attorney-at-Law, or Solicitor in the said\ncolony (for one year) 50 00\n(m) By every person following the occupation of\nConveyancer, or Land Agent, or both (for every\nsix months) 25 00\n(n) By every Auctioneer (not being a government\nofficer, selling by auction government property)\nin addition to any other license in this\nschedule (for every six months) 50 00\nAnd 1-^ per cent on returns of sales, exclusive\nof sale of real estate.\n(o) By every person occupying any crown lands, by\nmaking any erections thereon, and carrying on\nany trade upon the same, in addition to the\nduties above charge^, and for the use of the land\nso occupied by him (for every month) 2 50\n10\u201429\niSiPiiPiPiliiWi!\n'9vtm\\t\\xtw\\9^m^miiKia^^u7mtti7imti^m Til\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nDuties of\nexcise.\nDuties op Excise,\nCollected tmder Excise Ordinance, 1867.\nDistillers' License (per annum) 25 0\u00a9\nFor each gallon distilled not exceeding proof by\nSykes' Hydrometer 1 00\nAnd so on in proportion to strength above\nproof, and to quantity.\nIll\nAssay fees.\nMedical registration fees.\nLand sales and\nFees.\nAssay Fees>\nUnder Authority of tlie Governor.\nAssay of Gold at New Westminster, \\ of 1%.\ndo Cariboo, 4 of \\%.\nAssay of Quartz Specimen 10 00\nMineral Analysis 10 00\nMedical Registration Fees,\nLevied under r. Medical Registration Ordinance, 1867.\nRegistering a Practitioner 10 00\n.Mineral Land Sales and Fees.\nCoal Lands, price of (under authority of Mineral Ordinance, 1869).\nUp to 1,000 acres, per acre 5 00\nIf, however, $10,000 has been beneficially expended\non a mine, free grant of 100 acres may be\nmade by the Government to the company.\nMineral Lands, price of.\n3 chains by 2 chains, with cost of surrey 100 00\n3d do 6 do (Company of not less than\nten pejeons) 250 00\nUpset prjioe may be remitted if licensee or cocapany\nhave expended respectively $1,000 or $5,000\non their grant.\nFees.\nRecord of application for a Mining License, or for\na renewal.thereof 5 00\nRecord of every grant of a Mining License, or prolongation thereof 5 00\nRecord of every crown grant 25 00\nRecord of everv other matter under the ordinance 2 50\nTaxes paid\ninto public\ntreasury.\nThe whole of the above fees, taxes, &c., are paid by th\u00ab respective recipients into the public treasury for the use of the colony. APPENDIX.\n227\nAPPENDIX PP.\nINLAND REVENUE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA, Inland\nRevenue of\nFor 10 years, ending 1870, including Customs Duties, and Port and Columbia.\nHarbor Dues.\nYear.\nReceipts from\n. Customs.\n\u00a339,280 16 7\n\u00a361,489 4 10\n\u00a376,639 2 11\n\u00a373,358 2 0\n\u00a374,093 13 6\n$224,239 61\n8258,354 27\n$369,447*45\n$344,577 34\n$314,028 18\nTotal Revenue.\n\u00a360,656 6 11\n\u00a389,359 8 3\n\u00a3111,111 16 0\n\u00a3104,865 4 1\n\u00a3121,958 9 9\n$434,018 39\n*$186,821 45\n$585,610 56\n$528,494 23\n$495,352 61 228\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nAPPENDIX QO.\n1\nPreamble.\nRepeals\nformer Acts.\nDistillers to\ntake out a\neen.se.\nDefinition of\na distillery.\nLicense to be\nfor one year at\na place certain.\nLicense fee\nApplication\nfor license to\nbe signed by\napplicant.\nSecurity to\nthe extent of\n$1,000 to be\ntaken by bond\nwith sureties.\nAN ORDINANCE TO REGULATE EXCISE IN ALL PARTS OF\nTHE COLONY.\n[2nd April, 1867.]\nWhereas it is expedient to assimilate the Law of Excise in all parts of\nthe Colony;\nBe it enacted by the Governor of British Columbia, with the advice and\nconsent of the Legislative Council thereof, as,\/ollows :\nI. The British Columbian \"Distillers' Excise Act, 1861,\" and \"The\nDistillers' Ordinance, 1865,\" are hereby repealed, but such repeal shall not\naffect any rights acquired or penalties or liabilities incurred under such Act\nor Ordinance, but the same shall be respectively held enforceable and recoverable as if such repeal had not taken place.\nII. No person, other than a person licensed in the manner hereinafter\nprovided, shall act as a Distiller in British Columbia, or shall distil, manufacture, rectify, or make therein any Spirits from vegetable or saccharine matter,\nunder a penalty of Fifty Dollars for each day on which any such offence is\ncommitted, and on pain also of forfeiting, over and above the penalty aforesaid, all Spirits distilled, brewed, manufactured, or made in contravention to\nthis Ordinance, and every still, mash-tub, fermenting^tun, or other vessel,\nmachinery, or utensil of any kind used by him or in his possession, or on his\npremises.\nIII. Ajiy establishment or place used for the rectifying of Spirits, by any\nprocess, shall be deemed a Distillery within the meaning of this Ordinance.\nIV. Every Stipendiary Magistrate in British Columbia may issue a\nLicense to act as a Distiller in some certain premises situate at some certain\nplace, to' be approved by snch Magistrate, within such Magistrate's District,\nand to be described in the license, to any person or partnership of persons\nrequiring the same, and being residents or having his or their place of business\nin such district, and having previously complied with the requirements of this\nOrdinance in that behalf; and each such license shall remain in force for one\nyear from the date thereof, and no longer.\nV. The party in whose favor a license to act as Distiller is granted shall,\non requiring such license, pay to the Magistrate issuing the same the sum of\nTwenty-five Dollars as a duty to Her Majesty upon such license.\nVI. No license to act as a Distiller shall be granted to any party except\non a written requisition addressed to the Magistrate and signed by the party\nrequiring such license, or, if it be required by a partnership, then by one of\nthe partners.\nVII. No such license shall be granted to any party until such party has\njointly and severally, with two good and sufficient sureties to the satisfaction\nof the Magistrate issuing the license, entered into a bond to Her Majesty,\nHer Heirs and Successors, in the sum of One Thousand Dollars, and such\nbond shall be taken before the said Magistrate, and shall be conditioned for\nthe rendering of all accounts, and .the payment of all duties and penalties\nwhich the party to whom the license is to be granted will become liable to\nrender or pay under the provisions of this Ordinance, and that such party will faithfully comply with the requirements thereof, according to their true intent\nand meaning, as well with regard to such accounts, duties and penaltie s as to\nall other matters and things provided by this Ordinance whatsoever.\nVIII. The bond aforesaid shall remain in force as long as any duties upon\nany Spirits distilled, manufactured, or made, while the license to which the\nbond relates is in force, or any penalty incurred during the said time by any\nbreach of the conditions of the bond, remain due and unpaid by the party to\nwhom such license was granted.\n. IX. Whenever any new license is granted to any party, a new bond shall\nlikewise be entered into with reference to such new license.\nX. A new bond shall also be given whenever, during the period for\nwhich the license to which it relates is in force, either of the sureties dies,\nbecomes insolvent, or removes permanently out of the Colony; in any of\nwhich cases the license shall become void from the time the party is required\nby the Magistrate to enter into a new bond until the time when such new\n. bond is given, during which time the party neglecting to enter into such new\nbond shall be held to be without a license.\nXL Every party licensed as a Distiller shall have his name and calling\nas such inscribed in legible characters and exposed on some conspicuous part\nof the front of the building or premises in which such calling is exercised,\nunder a penalty not exceeding Fifty Dollars for each day on which he\nexercises such calling without complying with the requirements of this\nSection.\nXII. All such Spirits as aforesaid lawfully distilled, manufactured or\nmade within the Colony shall be respectively subject to the duty to Her\nMajesty hereinafter mentioned, that is to say : oh every gallon, imperial\nmeasure, of Spirits of any kind, not exceeding the strength of proof by Syke's\nHydrometer, and so in proportion for any-greater strength than the strength\nof proof, and for any greater or less quantity than a gallon, One Dollar ; and\nsuch duty shall be computed and charged dpon the quantity of Spirits to be\nascertained after the first process of rectification, and shall be paid by the\nparty distilling, manufacturing, or making such Spirits, to the Magistrate, in\nthe manner hereinafter mentioned.\nXIII. Every person or party licensed as a Distiller shall keep-a book or\nbooks (in a form to be approved by the Collector of Customs) and to be open\nat all reasonable hours to the inspection of any Magistrate, or Customs or\nExcise Officer, or of any person authorized by a Magistrate to inspect such\nbook, in British Columbia, wherein such Distiller shall enter from day to day\n\/ 7 97 97\nthe quantities of grain or other vegetable production or other substance put\nby him into the mash-tub, or otherwise used by him for the purpose of producing Spirits, or otherwise disposed of; and also the quantity of Spirits by\nhim distilled, manufactured, or made, showing the quantity produced at each\nseparate time if there have been any distinct set or sets of operations by\nreason of whichMuties have become payable. And for any wilfully false entry,\nor any wilful neglect to make any entry hereby required, the Distiller shall\nincur a penalty not exceeding Two Hundred and Fifty Dollars, and the\nMagistrate, Customs or Excise Officer, or other authorized person, may at all\ntimes demand to be shown all the stock of such grain, vegetable oroduction,\n<_? 7 CD A 7\nor other substance as aforesaid, then on tho premises mentioned in the license.\nXIV. Every party licensed to act as a Distiller and acting as such shall,\nwithin ten days after the first day of each of the months in each year, render\nto the nearest Magistrate a iust and true account in writing, extracted from\nO \u00ab\/ CD 7\nthe books to be kept by such person as aforesaid, and signed by such party,\nor his agent, or chief clerk, showing :\n1. %h.e total quantity in gallons of each kind of Spirits (with the strength\n\u2022 thereof) on which a duty is payable, by him distilled, manufactured, or made.\nDuration of\nthe bond to be\nuntil full\nsatisfaction\nof all accounts,\nduties, and\npenalties.\nNew bond\nwith fresh\nlicense.\nNew bond on\ndeath, insolvency, or bank\"\nruptcy of any\nsurety.\nName and\ncalling of distiller to be\npublicly exhibited.\nDuty of $1 per\ngallon on\nspirits.\nBook detailing\nthe products\nused and the\nspirits obtained by\ndistillation.\nAccounts to\nbe rendered to\nthe magistrate. *\u2022\n230\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nAffidavit to be\nmade before\nthe magistrate\nwho may interrogate on\naffidavit.\nWilfully false\nstatement to\nbe perjury.\nSums due to\nbe paid in to\nthe magistrate.\nPenalty for\nneglect.\nBonded and\ncertified warehouses.\nCertified\nwarehouse.\nMagistrate to\nhave the key\nand may enter\nat all hours.\nMagistrate or\nperson by him\nnominated to\nbe present at\n2. The quantity produced at each separate time, if there have been any\ndistinct set or sets of operations, by reason of which duty became payable.\n3. The quantities of each kind of grain or other vegetable production or\nsubstance used by such party in his business as a Distiller.\n4. And such account shall be attested by the person signing the same by\nan affidavit in the following form :\n\"I, , do solemnly swear that the account above written, to\n\" which I have also subscribed my name, contains a true account of the\n\" total quantity of every kind of Spirits or Strong Waters, or Spirituous\n\" Liquors, distilled, manufactured, or made by me (or by as the case\n\" may be) within the time mentioned in the same account, and on which\n\" duty is payable, and of the quantities of each kind respectively, and the\n\" strength thereof; and also of the quantities produced at each separate time\n\" therein mentioned by a distinct set of operations, and also of the quan-\n\" tities of all grain or other vegetable production or substance consumed by\n\" me (or by the said ) during the same time. So help me God.\"\nXV. Such affidavit shall be made before the said Magistrate, and shall\nO 7\nbe delivered with such account to the said Magistrate, who may put to the\nperson making it such questions as he may deem necessary to the elucidation\nand full understanding of the account, and for a^ertaining whether such person has had the means of knowing the same to be correct, and may require his\nanswers to be sworn to before him, and may reject the account if such account\nor the answers so given are insufficient according to the true intent and mean-\ning of this Ordinance.\nXVI. And any wilfully false statement in any affidavit or answer to a\nquestion required by this Ordinance, shall be deemed wilful and corrupt\nperjury, and punishable accordingly.\nXVII. Every licensed Distiller shall, at the 'time of rendering such\naccount as aforesaid to the Magistrate, pay over to that officer the amount of\nduties which by such account appear to be payable, other than such duties\nwhich may be payable in respect of Spirits deposited in a bonded or certified\nwarehouse as hereinafter mentioned.\nXVIII. If any licensed Distiller refuses or neglects to render such\naccount or\u2014fco pay over such duties as aforesaid, according to the true intent\nand meaning of this Ordinance, he shall by such refusal or neglect in either\nCD 7 *j ^p\ncase incur a penalty not exceeding Two Hundred and Fifty Dollars, and the\nMagistrate may also at his discretion cause a notice to be inserted in one or\nmore of the local papers, or the Government Gazette, declaring the party so\nrefusing or neglecting to have forfeited his license as a Distiller, and such\nlicense shall be forfeited accordingly, and shall be null and void from and\nafter the date of such notice, nor shall any new license be granted to the\ndefaulter until after the debt and penalty aforesaid have been paid and\nsatisfied.\nXIX. Any Spirits subject to duty under this Ordinance may be deposited\nin a bonded or certified warehouse as hereinafter mentioned.\n&X. A certified warehouse shall be some place approved by the Magistrate within his district for the storage of Spirits on which the duty is\nunpaid.\nXXI. The key to the certified warehouse shall be kept by the said\nMagistrate, and he or his agents may at any time, either in the day or night,\nCD 7 CD v 97 7 97 CD 7\nenter therein and inspect the Spirits therein contained, and may test and\nexamine, the same, and take such other steps for the protection of the Revenue\nas in his absolute discretion he may think proper.\nXXII. No Spirits shall be removed from a certified warehouse after\nhaving been placed therein without the presence either of the Magistrate or\nof some person nominated by him in that behalf, and the amount of duty APPENDIX.\n281\nafter the rate aforesaia shall be payable on the Spirits so removed on the next the removal\nmonthly settlement of account. of\u201eSJSts\/rom\n_4ttt a \u2022 -n i \u2022 i a certified\nXXIII. Any person entermg into a certined warehouse without the warehouse.\nconsent of the Magistrate shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding Two Penalty on\nHundred and Fifty Dollars, and any person removing any Spirits from a cer- SS^ertified\"\ntified warehouse except in the presence of the Magistrate or person nominated warehouse\nby him shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding Five Hundred Dollars. without the\nXXIV. The Collector of Customs may, with the approval of the Gov- magistrate.\nernor, make such regulations as to him may seem necessary relative to the Collector of\nwarehousing of Spirits under this Ordinance. H^w^L^*7\n^ -*- _ , _ -r*\\ \" Ml in 1 \u2022 1 \u202211 ill a, JC 6 rGgUAtt*\"\nXXV. Every licensed Distiller shall, on being thereunto reqiured by a tions with\nMagistrate or by any person authorized by a Magistrate, produce to him at regard to ware-\nany seasonable time and hour, and shall allow him to take copie3 and extracts Magistrate\nfrom such books and accounts as are requisite to enable him to verify any may inspect\naccount rendered as aforesaid, and shall at all times and hours allow the hooks.\nMagistrate, or any person employed by him, free access to the buildings and\npremises in which such Distiller exercises his calling as such, under a penalty\nof Twenty-five Dollars for each neglect or refusal to comply with the requirements of this Section.\nXXVI. Except that no Magistrate or other person shall require any Place of pro-\nsuch book or account to be produced to him elsewhere than at the place where ontibo^usi-\nsuch Distiller carries on his business as such.* ness premises.\nXXVII. No Distiller shall work his Distillery at any time unless he has Notice to\nx i j. \u00b1 r i_ \u2022 j.' ... \u2022 \u2022!\u2022 x j_i j. magistrate\ngiven at least twenty-iour hours previous notice in writing to the nearest previously to\nMagistrate of his intention to work the same at such time, and such notice working the\nshall not extend to a longer period than thirty days from the delivery thereof distillery,\nto the said Magistrate.\nXXVIII. Any use made of any still, mash-tub, or fermenting-tun, for Meaning of\n*\/ 97 7 7 CD 7 1 \u2022 J \u2022\nthe purpose of distillation, mashing, or fermentation, shall be deemed to be a w\u00b0rkmS a t\"8\"\nworking of the Distillery and an acting as a Distiller within the meaning of\nO 97 CD O\nthis Ordinance.\nXXIX. If any Distiller works his Distillery at any time for which he Penalty for\n97 *7 \"I \u2022 ^4-\"t\\\nhas not given notice of his intention to work the same, he shall for each day ^^a Notice\non which he so works such Distillery incur the same penalty and forfeiture as\nif he had worked the same without a license.\nXXX. Every licensed Distiller shall at all times furnish the Magistrate Distiller to\nor his assistant, or other authorized person, with lights, ladders, measures, i^dd^'Jfea-8*\nand other things requisite to enable him properly to examine, inspect, sures, &c. for\nmeasure, or gauge any still, auxiliary vessel, mash-tub, fermenting-tun, or *ne pnrpose of\nother vessel, or any grain, vegetable, or other substance or matter as aforesaid\non the premises of such Distiller or any part of such premises, under a penalty\nof Twenty-five Dollars for any refusal or neglect to comply with the requirements of this Section.\nXXXL The Magistrate and any person or persons acting under him or Magistrate\nby his directions may, at any hour of the day or night, enter any premises m&jT en';er*\nreferred to in any license granted under this Ordinance, and may make all\nnecessary enquiries and searches therein for the purpose of ensuring the\nexecution of this Ordinance according to its true intent and meaning, subject\nto the restrictions hereinbefore mentioned.\nXXXII. It shall be lawful for -any Distiller to bond any Spirits manu- Spirits may\nfactured under this Ordinance in this Colony, and to export the same in bond gf D0^aea m\nfrom the Colony, nevertheless with, under, and subject to all such regulations exported iii.\nand restrictions for the protection of the Revenue, as shall from time to time bond under\nbe prescribed by the Collector of Customs in that behalf. sections\nXXXIII. Any duties payable under this Ordinance shall be recoverable Recovery of\nat any time after the same ought to have been accounted for and paid, duties, 232\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nPayment of\npenalty not to\naffect the payment of duties.\nStock in trade\nand utensils,\n&c, to be\nliable for\nduties.\nSummary\nprocedure.\nGeneral\njurisdiction.\nSaving of persons who may\nseize with\nprobable\ncause.\nPenalty on\nwitnesses refusing to appear and\nanswer.\nwhether an account of the quantity of Spirits as aforesaid on which they are\npayable has or has not been rendered as aforesaid; but in the case last mentioned the party by whom such duties are payable shall incur a penalty not\nexceeding the sum of Two Hundred and Fifty Dollars and the amount of\nduties, for his neglect to render the accqunts relative to the same as hereinbefore required^ in addition to any ether penalty incurred by him by such\nneglect j and all such duties shall be recoverable with full costs of suit in\nfavor of Her Majesty.\nXXXIV. The payment of any penalty imposed by this Ordinance shall\nnot discharge the party paying the same, or his sureties, from the obligation\nto pay all duties clue by such parties, and the same shall be paid and may be\nrecovered as if such penalty had not been paid or incurred, and all such\nduties shall be recoverable with full costs of suit, as a debt due to Her\nMajesty.\n97 9\/\nXXXV. .And without any prejudice to the liability of any other property\nof the debtor or his Sureties, the stock in trade, stills and mash-tubs, ferment-\ning-tuns, and other machinery and utensils, whether so fixed as to form part\nof the real or immovable property or not, which are on the premises mentioned\nin the license at the time any such duties become due, shall be liable for such\nduties and for any penalty incurred fey the Distiller on whose premises they i\nare, by special privilege and lien in favor of the Crown ; and may be seized\nand sold in satisfaction of the same under any Warrant of Distress or Writ\nof Execution and removed by the purchaser, to whomsoever the same might\notherwise belong, or into or in whose lands or possession soever the same have\npassed or are found, and notwithstanding any claim to the same, or privilege,\nor lien thereon in favor of any other person or party whomsoever ; and if the\nsame be forfeited under the provisions of this Ordinance for any contravention\nthereof, they may be seized by the Magistrate or any person acting under his\nauthority, at any time after the commission of the offence for which they are\n97 7 97 97\nforfeited, and marked, detained, or secured until condemned or released by\ncompetent authority, and shall not, while under seizure, be used by the\noffenders, and if condemned they shall be removed or sold or otherwise dealt\nwith in*such manner as the Magistrate shall direct.\nXXXVI. The penalty or forfeiture incurred for any offence against the\nprovisions of this Ordinance, and the duties payable hereunder may be sued\nfor anckrecovered before the Magistrate of the District in which the offence\nCD\nwas committed or the premises used as a Distillery is situate : and any such\nX 97 7 97\npenalty or duty may, if not forthwith paid, be levied by distress and sale of\nthe goods and chattels of the offender, under the warrant of such Magistrate;\nor the said Magistrate may in his discretion commit the offender to Gaol,\nuntil the penalty with the costs of prosecution shall be paid.\nXXXVII. Provided always that any pecuniary penalty or any forfeiture\n97 9\/ X \u00ab\u2022 X V V\nimposed by this Ordinance, whatever may be the amount thereof, may be sued\nfor and recovered with costs, on the oath of any competent witness, in any\nCourt having Civil Jurisdiction to the amount of such penalty or forfeiture,\nby Her Majesty's Attorney General, or by any other person or officer thereunto authorized by the proper authority ; and such penalty or forfeiture shall\nbelong to Her Majesty.\nCD %7 %\/\nXXXVIII. No person making any seizure under this Ordinance shall\nbe liable to damages if such seizure be declared not valid, providing the\nCourt or Magistrate declaring it not valid, certify that there was probable\ncause for making it.\nXXXIX. Any person refusing or neglecting to appear before any\nMagistrate or any Court to give evidence when summoned, concerning any\nalleged offence against the provisions of this Ordinance, shall for such refusal\nor neglect incur a penalty of not more than Two Hundred and Fifty Dollars, APPENDIX.\n233\nto be recovered in the manner hereinbefore provided for the recovery of other\npenalties of like amount.\nXL. When any act, deed, matter, or thing is required or permitted to Powers of\nbe done, performed, or executed by any Public Officer by virtue of his Office, p^ucroflicers\nthe same may be done, performed or executed, by any person for the time\n\u2022J 7 X. 7 \u00ab\/ \u00bb\/ X\nbeing lawfully acting or empowered to act in such office, and in particular\nwhere any act, deed, matter, or thing is required or required to be done, performed, or executed by the Governor, the same may be done, performed, and\nexecuted by the person for the time being lawfully administering the\nGovernment.\nXLI. Whenever in describing or referring to any person or party, Interpre\n'\u2022\u2022 o ^ \u00ab\/ .r t jr \u00ab\/ j clause\nmatter, or thing, any word importing the masculine gender or singular\nnumber is used, the same shall be understood to include and shall be applicable to several persons and parties as well as one person or party, and\nfemales as well as males, and bodies corporate as well as individuals, and\nseveral matters and things as well as one matter or thing, unless it otherwise\nbe provided or there be something in the subject or context repugnant to such\nconstruction.\nXLII. This Ordinance may be cited for all purposes as \" The Excise Short title.\nOrdinance, 1867.\"\nvO-ao 234\nBRITISH 60LUMBIA.\nAPPENDIX RR.\nEXTRACT FROM BLUE BOOK, 1870.\nSa ing banks\nSavings Banks.\nCounty, Distri P\n4\narish.\n>No. of\nSavings\nBanks.\nNo. of\nDepositors\nin Savings\nBanks.\nOQ\n9\nrQ\n9\n9\nrH\n1650\ns i\n,-\u00bb V*i\nr-< rn\nH\n1*5\nCD\n53\nt; pi\no \u00a3\nSh\n6 So\nr-i\nJ\u2014(\nNew \"Wesfcminstfir .....\n1\n1\n1\n1\n1\n265\n56\n10\n23\n1413\n22\nCariboo .\t\n180\n100\n10\n1536\n234\n64\n88\n112\nYale \t\n1\n2\nCourse of\nexchange\nCourse of Exchange.\n'i&ii\nCoin in circu*\nlation.\nOn England.\nBills at Sight $5 15 per \u00a31,\n\u201e 30 days 5 10\n\u201e 60 days 5 00\nOn New York.\n4 to 5 per cent, premium.\nOn San Francisco.\n1 per cent, premium.\nCoins.*\n' Sterling Coins in Circulation.\nThe Sovereign current at\t\nHalf Sovereign\nHalf Crown\nFlorin\nShilling\nSixpence\n3d. piece\na\nii\nii\na\nii\nii\n|4 85\n2 42J\n0 62J\n0 37J\n0 25\n0 121\n0 06\nUnited States Coins in Circulation.\nGold $20 piece\n,at par.\na\nii\nSilver $1\n71\nii\n3)\nEagle\n\u00bb\n$5\n;>\n$2J\na\n$1\na\n$2\na\na\nDime.\na APPENDIX\n235\nAPPENDIX SS.\nAN ORDINANCE ENTITLED THE \" GAME ORDINANCE, 1870.\"\n\u2022 [20th April, 1870.]\nTXTHEREAS it is expedient to protect Game of various descriptions from Preamble.\nv * being killed out of season, and to assimilate the Law aifecting such\nmatters in all parts of the Colony of British Columbia;\nBe it enacted by the Governor of British Columbia, with the advice and\nconsent of the Legislative Council thereof, as follows :\u2014\nCD 7\n1. The \" Game Ordinance, 1869,\" is hereby repealed; but such repeal R,ep\u00abals Ordi-\nshall not cause to revive any Ordinance or Act repealed by the Ordinance nance of 1869.\nhereby repealed.\n2. From and after the passage of this Ordinance, it shall be unlawful When unlaw-\nfor any person or persons to have Game in his, her, or their possession in the ^1 to have\nCity of Victoria, or of New Westminster, or in the Town of Nanaimo, or \u00a9f sess}on m pos\nEsquimalt, or within the distance of one mile from any of the said Cities or\nTowns, or on board of any Steam-boat, between the First day of March and\nthe Tenth day of August, in any year, or Venison between the first day of\nFebruary and the first day of August in any year; or to collect or destroy the\nEggs of any Grouse, Quail, Prairie-fowl, Pheasant, or Partridge.\n3. It shall be lawful for any Justice of the Peace, upon information on Empowers\noath, that there is probable cause to suspect that a breach of the provisions Justices of\nof this Ordinance has been committed, or that Game, Venison, or the Eggs search.\nof Grouse, Quail, Prairie-fowl, Pheasant, or Partridge be or is likely to be on\nany premises, or on or about any person or persons within the City of\nVictoria, or of New Westminster, or within the Town of Nanaimo, or of\nEsquimalt, or within the distance of one mile from any of the said Cities\nor Towns, or on board of any Steamboat in the Harbor of Victoria,\nEsquimalt, or Nanaimo, by warrant under his hand and seal, to authorize\nand empower any Constable or Police Officer to enter and search such\npremises and to search such person or persons, at any time and-to seize all\nGame, Venison, and Eggs aforesaid, wherever found ; provided, that no such\nwarrant shall continue in force after the ninth day of August in the year\nin which it shall have been issued.\n4. In the construction of this Ordinance, or of any information to be Interpretation\nlaid, or any warrant to be issued under the provisions herein contained, the\nterm \" Game\" shall be held to mean dead Grouse, Quail, Prairi\u00ab-fowl,\nPheasant, Partridge, Robin, Lark, Thrush, or \"Wild Pigeon; and the term\n\" Venison\" shall be held to mean the carcass or any part of a dead Deer or\nElk, or of the youngr thereof respectively.\n7 97 CD y-v -4J\n5. Every infraction or evasion of this Ordinance shall be punishable, Declares\nupon conviction, in a summary manner, before aDy Justice of the Peace in penalties*.\nBritish Columbia, by a fine not exceeding Fifty Dollars, for each separate\noffence, to be levied by distress, or in default of payment by imprisonment\nfor any term not exceeding one month, at the direction of the Justice of the\nPeace convicting. 236\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\ninformation. 6. Any person giving information leading to the conviction of any person\nunder this Ordinance, shall be entitled to receive one half of any pecuniary\npenalty inflicted under this Ordinance.\nConviction not 7. In case of any summary conviction under this Ordinance, no warrant\nf be invalid. 0f commitment upon a conviction shall be held to be invalid by reason of\nany defect therein, if it be therein alleged that the person offending has been\nconvicted, and there be a good and valid conviction to sustain the same.\nLimits appli- 8. This Ordinance shall not apply to Elk, Deer, or the young thereof,\ncation of Ordi- respectively, killed before the First day of February,, in any year; or to\nGrouse, Quail, Prairie-fowl, Pheasant, or Partridge, Robin, Lark, Thrush, or\nWild pigeon killed, or Eggs collected, before the First day of March, in any\nyear.\n9. This Ordinance may be cited for all purposes as the \" Game Ordinance\n1870.\"\nnance.\nShort Title. A?PENDIX.\nAPPENDIX TT.\nRELINQ UISHMENT,\nBy the Hudson's Bay Company to Her Majesty *tho Queen of Great Britain\nof their rights on Vancouver Island.\nThis Indenture made this third day of April, one thousand eight hundred Indenture of\nand sixty-seven, between the Governor and Company of Adventurers of Eng- relinquishment\nland, trading into Hudson's Bay, who with their successors, are hereinafter\ncalled \" the said Company,\" of the one part, and Her Most Gracious Majesty\nQueen Victoria, of the other part: Whereas, previous to January, one thousand\neight hundred and forty-nine, the said Company had occupied certain portions\nof land in Vancouver Island, for the purpose of carrying on their trading and\ncommercial operations under a Royal Charter of Incorporation, granted to\nthem by His late Majesty King Charles the Second, and dated the second day\nof May, in the twenty-second year of His reign; and, whereas, by a Royal\nLicense, bearing date the thirteenth day of May, one thousand eight hundred\nand thirty-eight, the said Company were invested for the full period of twenty-\none years from the date thereof with the sole and exclusive privilege of trading\nwith the Indians in such part of North America to the Northward and Westward of the Territories of the United States as did not form part of any of\nHer said Majesty's Provinces in North America, or of any Territories belonging\nto the United States, or to any European Government, State or Power, subject nevertheless as therein mentioned; And, whereas, by Letters Patent,\ndated the thirteenth day of January, one thousand eight hundred and forty-\n\u2666V 9J 7 CD 97\nnine, Her said Majesty was pleased to grant unto the said Company, and their\nsuccessors, the said Vancouver Island, together with all Royalties of the Seas,\nupon the Coasts within the limits therein mentioned, and all mines Royal\nthereto belonging, to be holden of Her said Majesty, Her Heirs and Successors,\nin free and common soccage at the yearly rent of seven shillings, and upon\nthe condition and for the purpose of colonizing the said Island as therein\nmentioned : And in the said Letters Patent Her said Majesty reserved to\nHerself and Her Successors full power, at the expiration of the said Company's\nhereinbefore recited License for the exclusive privilege of trading with the\nIndians, to repurchase and take from the said Company, the said Vancouver\nIsland, and premises thereby granted, on payment by Her said Majesty to the\nsaid Company, of the sum or sums of money theretofore laid out and expended\nby them in and upon the^said Island and premises, and of the value of their\nestablishments, property and effects then being thereon : And, whereas, after\nthe said hereinbefore recited License, of the thirteenth day of May, one thousand eight hundred and thirty-eight, had come to an end, it seemed fit to Her\nsaid Majesty to exercise the power reserved to Her in the said Letters Patent\nof re-purchasing the said Vancouver Island, whereupon an investigation of\naccounts and a negociation with the said Company took place, and finally the\nsaid Company agreed to accept the sum of fifty-seven thousand five hundred\npounds, in full discharge of all their claims in respect of the said Island under\nthe said Letters Patent, of the thirteenth day of January, one thousand eight\nhundred and forty-nine. And, whereas, the said sum of fifty-seven thousand\nfive hundred pounds hath accordingly been paid to the said Company, by or 238\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nConsideration\nfor relinquishment.\nCertain lands\nretained by\nthe company.\nLands in\nVictoria.\nUplands\nFarm.\nNorth Dairy\nFarm.\nSpring and\nland adjoining.\nFort property.\non behalf of Her said Majesty, in two instalments of twenty-five thousand\npounds, and thirty-two thousand five hundred pounds, on the twenty-ninth\nday of June, one thousand eight hundred and sixty, and the sixth day of\nOctober, one thousand eight hundred and sixty two, as the said Company do\nhereby admit and acknowledge : And, whereas, the said Company have agreed\nto re-convey to Her said Majesty, Her Heirs and Successors, the said Vancouver Island, and premises, except such portions thereof as may have been\nsold by the said Company previous to the first day of January, one thousand\neight hundred and sixty-two, and except also such other portions thereof as\nare hereinafter mentioned, which last mentioned portions are with the assent\nof Her said Majesty to remain the property of the said Company and their\nsuccessors : Now this Indenture witnesseth that in pursuance of such agreement, and in consideration of the sum of fifty-seven thousand five hundred\npounds, so paid by or on behalf of Her said Majesty to the said Company as\naforesaid, in full discharge of all the claims of the said Company in respect of\nall sums expended by them in and upon the said Vancouver Island and\npremises, and of the value of their establishment, property and effects now\nbeing thereon, and of all other their claims under the said Letters Patent, of\nthe thirteenth day of January, one thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, in\nrespect of the said Island, they the said Company do for themselves and their\nsuccessors by these presents, grant, convey, yield up, and surrender unto Her\nsaid Majesty, Her Heirs and Successors, all that the said Island called Vancouver Island, together with all Royalties of the Seas, upon the Coasts thereof,\nand all mines Royal, and all rights, members, and appurtenances whatsoever\nto the said Island, and hereditaments belonging, and which were conveyed or\npassed to, and are now vested in the said Company, under or by virtue of the\nsaid hereinbefore recited Letters Patent, of the thirteenth day of January,\none thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, or otherwise, howsoever, and\nalso the said Letters Patent of the thirteenth day of January, one thousand\neight hundred and forty-nine, and all the estate, right, title, interest and\nproperty whatsoever of the said Company, in to and out of the same premises;\nexcept and always reserved out of the grant and surrender hereby made as\n-L \u00ab, CD V\nfollows, that is to sav :\u2014\n7 9\/\n1. Certain pieces or parcels of land in the Town of Victoria, containing\nin the whole twenty-two acres and forty-one hundredth parts of an acre, and\nknown as the Church Reserve, which lands have lately been conveyed by the\nsaid Company, to Trustees for certain ecclesiastical and scholastic purposes.\nAnd also all land situate in the Victoria District, which may have been sold\nby the said Company previous to the first day of January, one thousand eight\nhundred and sixty-two, together with the watsr frontages and spaces between\n%J 7 CD CD X\nhigh and low water mark abutting on any portions of such lands, provided\nCD CD 97 .*. 7 x.\nsuch water frontages and spaces were also sold by the said Company, before\nthe said first day of January, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-two, but\nnot otherwise.\n2. The farm known as the Uplands Farm, containing about one thousand\none hundred and forty-four acres, and being section \u00abthirty-one on the Colonial\nofficial plan, of the said Victoria District.\n3. The farm known as the North Dairv Farm, containing about four\n9\/7 CD\nhundred and sixty acres, being section thirty-two on the said official plan.\n4. The old spring and adjoining land (except one well set apart and\n\u00a34a> in section\n70\nappropriated to public use), and8 marked 68, GO, 70, 71, (\neighteen of the plan of the Town of Victoria, heretofore delivered to the\nColonial Government by the said Company.\n5. All that portion of land in the said Victoria District, heretofore known\nas the Fort Property, including the site of the fort and the adjoining land yet\nunsold, with water frontage and foreshore immediately in front of the fort,\nJ APPENDIX.\n239\nbut not including the several lots marked respectively, H, Harbor Master's\nLot No. 15, block 70, situated at the foot of Broughton Street; V, Police Barracks, and Nos. 1,603, 1,605 and 1,607, Post Office colored green, on the said\nlast mentioned plan, on which lots the Harbor Master's office, the Police Barracks and the Post office, are respectively situated, and which lots are hereby\n(among other things) granted and conveyed to Her said Majesty and Her\nSuccessors.\n\u25a0 6. Eight lots or parcels of land numbered on the said last mentioned plan Beckley or\n3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 14, 17 and 20, containing in the whole fifty acres, more or less, Dutnells\nrecently selected by the said Company, out of a certain farm lying to the south $irm'\nand west of James Bay, and heretofore known as \" Beckley \" or | Dutnells \"\nFarm : All which said excepted lands (save the lands comprised under the\nfirst head of exceptions), are and are to remain the absolute property of the\nsaid Company, and their successors, freed and discharged from any rent, trusts\nor conditions contained in the said Letters Patent, of the thirteenth day of\n7 97\nJanuary, one thousand eight hundred and forty-nine, and, as regards the lands\ncomprised under the foregoing heads of exceptions, numbered 4, 5 and 6, are\ncolored pink and marked on the several blocks and lots into which the same\nare divided with the letters H. B. C. on the map or plan thereof hereunto\nannexed.*\nTo have and to hold the said Vancouver Island, and all and singular Lands con-\nother, the hereditaments and premises hereinbefore granted, conveyed and I?y- ^J\u00b1er\nsurrendered or intended so to be with their appurtenances (except as afore-\nsaid^ unto Her said Majesty, Her Heirs and Successors, as of Her former\nestate and Dominion, therein freed and absolutely discharged from any title,\nrights or claims of the said Company and their successors and the said\nCompany do hereby for themselves and their successors covenant with\nHer said Majesty, Her Heirs and Successors in manner following, that is to\nsay:\u2014that they the said Company have not at any time heretofore made, done,\ncommitted, or executed, or willingly suffered any act, deed, matter or thing\nwhatsoever whereby the said hereditaments and premises hereby granted,\nconveyed and surrendered, or intended so to be, or any part thereof, are or is\nin any wise charged, affected or incumbered, or by reason whereof the said\nCompany are in anywise prevented from granting the said hereditaments and\npremises in manner aforesaid. ,\nAnd further that they the said Company and their successors will at any\ntime or times hereafter upon the request and at the cost of Ser said Majesty,\nHer Heirs and Successors, make, do and execute or cause to be made done and\nexecuted all such further and other lawful acts, deeds and assurances for more\nperfectly and absolutely conveying the said Island, hereditaments and premises\nwith their appurtenances (except as aforesaid) unto Her said Majesty, Her\nHeirs and Successors, as Her said Majesty, Her Heirs and Successors shall\nrequire.\nIn witness whereof the said Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudson's Bay have caused their corporate seal to\nCD J X\nbe hereimto affixed, and Thomas William Clinton Murdoch, and\nStephen Walcott, Esquires, Her Majesty'-s Emigration Commissioners, have hereunto set their hands and seals, on behalf of Her\nMajesty, the day and year first above written.\nBy order of the Governor, Deputy Governor, and Committee of the said\nCompany. (Signed,) W. G. SMITH, Secretary.\n[L.S.] T. W. C. MURDOCH.\n[L.S.] j S. WALCOTT.\n* This map or plan is not printed with this report, but is of record in the Departmen\nof Public Works. UQ\nBRITISH COLUMBIA*\nThe corporate seal of the within named company was hereunto affixed\nin the presence of\nSigned,) W. ARNIT,\nOf Hudson's Bay House, London,\nGentleman.\nSigned, sealed and delivered by the within named Thomas William\nClinton Murdoch, and Stephen Walcott, as such Emigration Commissioners,\nas within mentioned, in the presence of\n(Signed,)\nCHRISTOPHER SIMNER CARTWRIGHT,\nClerk at the Government Emigration Board,\n8 Park Street, Westminster.\nKM- APPENDIX.\nHI\nAPPENDIX UU.\nCOPY OF THE TREATY BETWEEN HER MAJESTY AND\nTHE UNITED STATES CF AMERICA,\nF$r the Settlement of the Oregon Boundary, signed at Washington, June 15th,\n184-6. Ratifications exclianged at London, July 17th, 184-6. Presented\nto both Houses of Parliament by Command of Her Majesty, 1846.\nHer Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Boundary\nIreland, and the United States of America, deeming it to be desirable for the treaty.\n7 ? -O\nfuture welfare of both Countries, that the state of doubt and* uncertainty\nwhich has hitherto prevailed respecting the Sovereignty and Government of\nthe Territory on the North-West Coast of America, lying westward of the\nRocky or Stony Mountains, should be finally terminated by an amicable\ncompromise of the rights mutually asserted by the two parties over the said\nTerritory, have respectively named Plenipotentiaries to treat and agree concerning the terms of such settlement, that is to say :\u2014\nHer Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and\nIreland, has, on Her part, appointed the Right Honorable Richard Pakenham\n7 7 x 7 ST XT CD\na Member of Her Maie3ty's Most Honorable Privy Council, and Her\n9j \u00ab\/ 9J 7\nMajesty's Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the United\nStates; and the President of the United States of America, has, on his part,\nfurnished with full powers, James Buchanan. Secretary of State of the\nUnited States; who, after having communicated to each other their respective full powers, found in good and due form, have agreed upon and concluded\nthe following Articles :\u2014\nArticle I.\nFrom the point on the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, where the Boundary of\nboundary laid down in existing Treaties and Conventions between Great *h\u00b0 Strait of\n\u25a0 ^ E* llf^Au\nBritain and the United States terminates, the line of boundary between the\nterritories of Her Britannic Majesty and those of the United States, shall be\ncontinued westward along the said forty-ninth parallel of north latitude, to\nC* 97 X *\nthe middle of the Channel which separates the Continent from Vancouver's\nIsland : and thence southerly, through the middle of the said Channel, and\nof Fuca's Straits, to the Pacific Ocean: Provided, however, that the navigation of the whole of the said Channel and Straits, south of the forty-ninth\nparallel of north latitude, remain free and open to both parties.\nArticle II.\n' From the point at which the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude shall Navigation of\nbe found to intersect the great northern branch of the Columbia River, the ^fo\u00bbDia\nnavigation of the said branch shall be free and open to the Hudson's Bay\nCompany, and to all British subjects trading with the same, to the point\nwhere the said branch meets the main stream of the Columbia ; and thence\n1\ndown the said main stream to the ocean, with\n10\u201431\nfree\naccess into and through\n\u25a0\u25a0Si* 242\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nthe said river or rivers ; it bsing understood that all the usual portages along\nthe line thus described, shall in like manner be free and open.\nIn navigating the said river or rivers, British subjects, with their goods\nand produce, shall be treated on the same footing as citizens of the United\nStates; it being, however, always understood that nothing in this Article\nshall be construed as preventing or intended to prevent the Government of\nthe United States from making any regulations respecting the navigation of\nthe said river or rivers, not inconsistent with the present Treaty.\nBights of\nBritish subjects to be\nrespected.\nArticle III.\nIn the future appropriation of the tenitory south of the forty-ninth\nparallel of north latitude, as provided in the Article I. of this Treaty, the\npossessory right of the Hudson's Bay Company, and of all British subjects\nwho may be already in the occupation of land or other property, lawfully\nacquired, within the said territory, shall be respected.\nProperty of\nPuget Sound\nAgricultural\nSociety.\nArticle IV.\nThe farms, lands, and other property of every description, belonging to\nthe Puget's Sound Agricultural Company, on the north side of the Columbia\nRiver, shall be confirmed to the said company. In case, however, the situation of those farms and lands should be considered by the United States to\nbe of public and political importance, and the United States' Government\nshould signify a desire to obtain possession of the whole or of any part thereof,\nthe property so required shall be transferred to the said Government at a\nproper valuation, to be agreed upon between the parties.\n.Ratifications\nto be exchanged.\nArticle V.\nThe present treaty shall be ratified by Her Britannic Majesty, and l\u00bby\nthe President of the United States, by and with the \"advice and consent of\nthe Senate thereof; and the ratifications shall be exchanged at London at the\nexpiration of six months from the date hereof, or sooner if possible.\nIn witness whereof, the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the same,\nand have affixed thereto the Seals of their Arms. .^H\nDone at Washington, the fifteenth day of June, in the year of our Lord\none thousand eight hundred and forty-six.\nRICHARD JPAKENAM. { L.S. }\nJAMES BUCHANAN.\n\u25a0.S. > APPENDIX\n24i\nAPPENDIX VV.\nFORM OF SALE OF PUBLIC LANDS.\n(Coat of Arms.)\nForm of sale.\nProvince of |\nBritish Columbia. J\nNo.\nVictoria, by the Grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and\nIreland, and of the Colonies and Dependencies thereof, in Europe, Asia,\nAfrica, America, and Australasia, Queen, Defender of the Faith, and so\nforth.\nTo all to whom these presents shall come\u2014Greeting :\nKnow ye, that we do by these presents for us, Our Heirs and Successors,\nin consideration of the sum of to us paid, give and grant\nunto h heirs and assigns all that parcel or lot of land\nsituate and numbered on the Official\nPlan or Survey of the said , in the Province of British Columbia ;\nTo have and to hold the said parcel or lot of land, and all and singular the\npremises hereby granted with their appurtenances unto the said t h heii s\nand assigns for ever.\nProvided, nevertheless, that it shall at all times be lawful for Us, Our Conditions.\nHeirs and Successors, or for any person or persons acting in that behalf by\nOur or Their authority, to resume any part of the said lands which it may be\n97 7 97 X 97\ndeemed necessary to resume, for making roads, canals, bridges, towing paths,\nor other works of public utility or convenience, so, nevertheless, that the\nlands so to be resumed shall not exceed one-twentieth part of the whole of\nthe lands aforesaid, and that no such resumption shall be made of any\nlands on which any buildings may have been erected, or which may be in\nuse as gardens or otherwise, for the more convenient occupation of any such\nbuildings.\nProvided, nevertheless, that it shall at all times be lawful for Us, Our\nHeirs and Successors, or for any person or persons acting under Our or Their\nauthority, to enter into and upon any part of the said lands, and to raise and\nget thereout any gold or silver ore which may be thereupon or thereunder *\nsituate, and to use and enjoy any and every part of the same land, and of\nthe easements and privileges thereto belonging, for the purpose of such\nraising and getting, and every other purpose connected therewith, paying in\nrespect of such raising and getting, and use, reasonable compensation.\nProvided, nevertheless, that it shall be lawful for any person duly\nauthorized in that behalf by Us, Our Heirs and Successors, to take and\noccupy such water privileges, and to have and enjoy such rights of carrying\nwater over, through, or under any parts of the hereditaments hereby granted\nas may be reasonably required for mining purposes in the vicinity of the said\nhereditaments, paying therefor a reasonable compensation to the aforesaid\nh heirs or assigns.\nIn testimony whereof, we have caused these Our Letters to be made\npatent, and the Great Seal of Our Province of British Columbia to be hereunto affixed. Witness His Honor Joseph William Trutch, Lieutenant\nGovernor of Our Province of British Columbia and its Dependencies, at\nOur Government House, in Our City of Victoria, this day of , in\nthe year of Our Lord One thousand eight hundred and , and in the\nThirty year of Our Reign.\nBy Command, 244\nBRITISH COLUMBIA. APPENDIX.\n245\nAPPENDIX XX.\nSTATEMENT OF JOINT STOCK COMPANIES\nRegistered under the Joint Stock Companies' Ordinance, 1869, and in\nexistence at the present time.\n[September, 1871].\n\"Bayne's Sound Coal Mining Company, Limited.\" Capital $50,000. ComWe?\nRegistered 7th May, 1870.\n** British Columbia Investment and Loan Society.\" Registered 30th\nAugust, 1869.\n\"Beaufort Coal Mining Company, Limited.\" Capital $50,000. Registered 18th May, 1871.\n\"British Columbia Whaling Company, Limited.\" Capital $20,000.\nRegistered 25th July, 1870.\n\" Eureka Silver Mining* Company, Limited.\" Capital $150,000. Regis-\nCD X. 97 7 X u 7 t-'\ntered 7th September, 1871.\n\"Victoria Gas Company, Limited.\" Capital $50,000. Registered\n27th November, 1860.\n*' Spring Ridge Water Company, Limited.\" Capital $50,000. Registered 1st August, 1864. 246\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\n\nAPPENDIX YY.\nRETURN SHOWING T-HE COST OF ESTABLISHING THE ASSAY\nDEPARTMENT OF BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nCost of Assay -p .,,. ( Offices $4,543 00\nOffice BlUldingS < r. \u00ab nm nn\numce* & ( Quarters 2,291 00\n 6,834 00\nPlant and Apparatus 10,000 00\nMint Machinery 8,609 00\nTotal New Westminster Assay Office and Mint 25,443 00\n97 7>\nEstablishing Cariboo Branch, including purchase of Lot and Building 6,000 00\nTotal 31,443 00\nAmount of gold assayed from the opening of the Office up to the present\ntime\u2014431,686 oz. =$7,300,000 value.\nEstablishment Remarks.\u2014The desirability of establishing a Mint in this Colony was\nef a Mint. brought before the Government in an Address from the House of Assembly\nof Vancouver Island to Governor Douglas, dated 31st day of March, 1859.\nThe officers were appointed in October by the Master of the Mint, and left\nEngland in December, arriving in the Colonv in February, 1860, about the\n^D 3 9~D 97 97 * 7\nsame time as the plant and apparatus for the Assay Office, which had been\n< purchased under their supervision. The coining apparatus was obtained in\nSan Francisco, at the latter end of 1861, and was put up at New Westminster, in working condition, in the spring of 1862. Part of it was subsequently taken to pieces and stowed away.\nThe cost of cleaning it and replacing it into working condition would be\nabout $300. It is in good order.\nCD\nThe whole of the apparatus is worked by steam power, with the\nexception of the coining press, which is turned by hand. If the Mint were\nto be again used, it would be advisable to connect this machine with the\nother apparatus, and work it by steam power also, which could be done at\na moderate cost. The machinery is a fac-simile of that used by the South\nAmerican Government Mintsj\nCoins struck. The coins struck were $20 and $10 pieces, of the same diameter as\nthose of the United States, and of the same value in gold. They were of\nunrefined gold, of a fineness of 850, and the $20 piece weighed 546J grains,\nand contained about 20 cents worth of silver.\nThe United States coins are made from refined gold, alloyed with copper,\nthe weight of the $20 piece being 516 grains, and the fineness 900; refining,\nhowever, can onlv be carried on profitablv when the operations are on a\n3 mf X v X\nlarge scale.\n*ces- The assay fees are \\ per cent., and it was proposed to charge \\ per cent,\nfor coining.\nThe buildings are situated on Lots 1, 2 and 3, Block XIV. on the\nO 7 7\nofficial map of New Westminster.\nC. J. CLAUDET,\nSuperintendent of ike Asssuy Office* ","type":"literal","lang":"en"},{"value":"Other Copies: http:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/oclc\/797133636","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/hasType":[{"value":"Legislative proceedings","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/identifier":[{"value":"F5804.3 .L2","type":"literal","lang":"en"},{"value":"I-0398","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/isShownAt":[{"value":"10.14288\/1.0222197","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/language":[{"value":"English; Chinook jargon","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/provider":[{"value":"Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/publisher":[{"value":"Ottawa : I. B. Taylor","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/rights":[{"value":"Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy, or otherwise distribute these images please contact digital.initiatives@ubc.ca.","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/source":[{"value":"Original Format: University of British Columbia. Library. Rare Books and Special Collections. F5804.3 .L2","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/subject":[{"value":"Chinook jargon--Dictionaries","type":"literal","lang":"en"},{"value":"British Columbia--Description and travel","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/title":[{"value":"British Columbia. Report of the Hon. H. L. Langevin, C.B., minister of public works","type":"literal","lang":"en"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/type":[{"value":"Text","type":"literal","lang":"en"}]}}