{"@context":{"@language":"en","AIPUUID":"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/terms#identifierAIP","AggregatedSourceRepository":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/dataProvider","CatalogueRecord":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/isReferencedBy","Collection":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/isPartOf","Creator":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/creator","DateAvailable":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/issued","DateIssued":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/issued","DigitalResourceOriginalRecord":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/aggregatedCHO","FileFormat":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/format","FullText":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2009\/08\/skos-reference\/skos.html#note","Genre":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/hasType","Identifier":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/identifier","IsShownAt":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/isShownAt","Language":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/language","Provider":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/provider","Publisher":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/publisher","Rights":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/rights","SortDate":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/date","Source":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/source","Title":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/title","Type":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/type","Translation":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/description"},"AIPUUID":[{"@value":"ff520f1b-4432-4481-b350-f212b09f0b64","@language":"en"}],"AggregatedSourceRepository":[{"@value":"CONTENTdm","@language":"en"}],"CatalogueRecord":[{"@value":"http:\/\/resolve.library.ubc.ca\/cgi-bin\/catsearch?bid=1198198","@language":"en"}],"Collection":[{"@value":"Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia","@language":"en"}],"Creator":[{"@value":"British Columbia. Legislative Assembly","@language":"en"}],"DateAvailable":[{"@value":"2019-04-08","@language":"en"}],"DateIssued":[{"@value":"1979","@language":"en"}],"DigitalResourceOriginalRecord":[{"@value":"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/collections\/bcsessional\/items\/1.0378739\/source.json","@language":"en"}],"FileFormat":[{"@value":"application\/pdf","@language":"en"}],"FullText":[{"@value":" Report of the Ministry of Forests\nYear Ended December 31, 1978\nProvince of British Columbia\nMinistry of Forests\nHonourable T.M. Waterland, Minister\nT.M. Apsey, Deputy Minister\n June 22, 1979\nThe Honourable Henry P. Bell-Irving, D.S.O., O.B.E.,\nE.D., Lieutenant-Governor of British Columbia.\nMAY IT PLEASE YOUR HONOUR:\nHerewith I respectfully submit the Annual Report of\nthe Ministry of Forests for the year ended December\n31,1978.\nYours truly,\nT.M. Waterland\nMinister\n June 22, 1979\nThe Honourable T.M. Waterland\nMinister of Forests\nParliament Buildings\nVictoria, B.C.\nSir:\nI have the honour to submit the Annual Report of the\nMinistry of Forests for the year ended December 31,\n1978. J\nYours truly,\nT.M. Apsey\nDeputy Minister\n Directory\nMinister\nHon. T.M. Waterland, Victoria\nExecutive Committee\nT.M. Apsey, Deputy Minister, Victoria\nW. Young, Chief Forester, Victoria\nR. Robbins, Assistant Deputy Minister (Operations), Victoria\nW.G. Bishop, Assistant Deputy Minister (Timber and Range\nManagement), Victoria\nP.J.J. Hemphill, Assistant Deputy Minister (Support Services), Victoria\nStaff Consultant\nJ.A.K. Reid, Victoria\nSpecial Forestry Advisor\nE.L Young, Victoria\nStaff Division Heads\nJ.B. Bruce, Director, Reforestation Division, Victoria\nJ.H. Carradice, Manager, Training Services Division, Surrey\nF. Hegyi, Acting Director, Inventory Division, Victoria\nCJ. Highsted, Director, Planning Division, Victoria\nE. Knight, Director, Strategic Studies Division, Victoria\nL.W. Lehrle, Director, Engineering Division, Victoria\nR.W. Long, Ministry Comptroller, Victoria\nE.H. Lyons, Director, Information Services Division, Victoria\nJ. Milroy, Director, Range Management Division, Victoria\nD.H. Owen, Director, Protection Division, Victoria\nA.B. Robinson, Director, Timber Management Division, Victoria\nR.L. Schmidt, Acting Director, Research Division, Victoria\nR.D. Thomas, Director, Valuation Division, Victoria\nF. Towler, Director of Data Processing, Victoria\nL.G. Underwood, Director, Personnel Services Division, Victoria\nRegional Managers\nJ.A. Biickert, Prince Rupert Region, Prince Rupert\nD. Grant, Prince George Region, Prince George\nM.G. Isenor, Nelson Region, Nelson\nJ.R. Johnston, Kamloops Region, Kamloops\nJ.A.D. McDonald, Cariboo Region, Williams Lake\nA.C. MacPherson, Vancouver Region, Vancouver\n Contents\nDeputy Minister's Report\nIntroduction      8\nFinancial Picture     9\nMajor Achievements  10\nThe New Legislation  12\nMinistry Reorganization   14\nResource Analysis Task Force  15\nDivisional Reports\nPlanning    18\nInventory  19\nResearch    20\nReforestation  21\nProtection  24\nRange Management  27\nValuation    28\nEngineering   29\nTraining Services    31\nSystems and Data Services 32\nInformation Services  33\nStrategic Studies  34\nOutlook    35\nDetailed Statistics  38\n  Deputy Minister's Report\ni\n Introduction\nMinistry of Forests nurseries are now\nproducing 100 million seedlings a year to\nreplenish British Columbia's renewable\nresource.\nThe year 1978 was a good one for British Columbia, and for its forest\nand ranching industries. It was also a particularly productive year for\nthe Forest Service, which received a new legislative mandate and an\nofficial upgrading in status to that of a Ministry in its own right. Forthe\nnewly reconstituted Ministry of Forests, the year is thus destined to go\ndown as marking the turning point in its history, and the beginning of a\ncrucial period of transition during which the full implications of the new\nForest Act, Range Act, and Ministry of Forests Act will be\nsystematically worked out and implemented throughout the province.\nLike all such periods, this one promises to be both challenging and\nstimulating \u2014 and also, at times, beset with troubles, as new or\nrefurbished enterprises invariably are. Both the excitement and the\nstresses were very much in evidence during 1978. It is a year which\nwill be long remembered, not merely among the Ministry's personnel,\nbut also by the province's forest and livestock industries, and its\nemployees.\n The Financial Picture\nOn the whole, the year was a good one for the forest industry, as the\nupward economic trend which began in 1977 continued unabated. The\nstrength of the industry's performance is indicated by the fact that the\ntotal of the Ministry's direct revenue from stumpage and other sources\nmore than doubled during the year, soaring from the 1977 total of\nsome $83 million to almost $184 million. At the same time, the\namounts charged against logging operations increased by a\nstaggering 171 percent, from last year's $85 million to a record $232\nmillion. The total timber harvest expanded from last year's record 69.9\nmillion cubic metres to a new record of 75.1 million cubic metres.\nThere was a marked decline in the export of raw timber, from 1.01\nmillion cubic metres in 1977 to 680,000 cubic metres in 1978.\nOn Crown rangelands, which are also the responsibility of the\nMinistry, unfavourable weather conditions caused a poor year for the\nproduction of beef. Direct income from grazing leases and other\nlicensing and permit fees totalled almost $560,000. Some 41 million\nkilograms of beef were produced in the province, of which 18 million\nkilograms were produced on Crown ranges. Since beef prices almost\ndoubled, rising to an average of better than $1.35 per kilogram, the\nindustry enjoyed a prosperous year, if not a particularly productive\none. The prospects for 1979 will depend on the province's weather,\nalong with fluctuations of the national and world marketplace, but\nprices will almost certainly continue to rise and the industry is in a\ngenerally healthy condition.\n250\n200\n\u25a0\n150\n100\n'     ll\nIII\n1974   1975   1976   1977   1978\nFive year summary of direct forest revenue in\nmillions of dollars.\nBritish Columbia's forest revenue is still\ndependent on the skill and tenacity of the men\nand women employed in the public and private\nforestry sector.\n 10\nMajor Achievements\nAt the Ministry's Koksilah Nursery on\nVancouver Island, water spray techniques are\nused to inhibit premature pollination by\nlowering the air temperature. The Ministry's\nobjective is to regularly produce a higher\nquality seed such as the Douglas Fir seed\npictured above.\nDuring the year the primary concerns of the Ministry's field staff were\nthe Reforestation and Silviculture Programs. Under the impetus of the\nnew legislation, this emphasis will become even greater in the future.\nDuring 1978, the Ministry was particularly active in silviculture.\nSupported by funds from the provincial revenue surplus of 1977-78,\nmade available under the Intensive Forest Management Program,\nthere was a considerable increase in standtending activities,\nparticularly in the Interior. The rate of thinning was actually doubled in\nsome areas, and the Ministry's first large-scale operational\nforest-fertilization project was successfully completed. A rapid\nexpansion also took place in the Seed Orchard Program, with several\nnew orchards commencing operations during the year. Others were\nunder construction or in the planning stages, and continuing\nexpansion in this area was heralded by the introduction of the\nCooperative Government\/Industry Tree Improvement Proposal.\nThe Coastal seed orchards produced almost 70 kilograms of seed in\n1978; and this, in conjunction with the more than 5,000 hectolitres of\ncones gathered in the course of the Ministry's cone collections,\nprovided what would normally be a better-than-adequate stock for use\nin the tree nurseries. Under the pressure of heavy demands from\nnursery personnel, however, some 1,200 kilograms of seed had to be\nprocessed ahead of schedule for 1979 sowing, thus straining the\navailable facilities to the utmost. Nursery facilities were also stretched\nto their limits by a record spring sowing of 97 million seedlings.\nAlthough the Ministry spent $650,000 on upgrading nursery facilities\nduring the year, it is plain that new construction must be initiated if B.C.\nis to meet expanding demands in the future.,\nThe total number of seedlings planted under the Reforestation\nProgram dropped to just under 60 million in 1978, a decline of 6 million\nfrom the 1977 figure. The drop was due in part to frost damage in the\nnurseries, and in part to unusually dry weather which limited the use of\nbroadcast burning for site-preparation. In all, some 20,000 hectares\nwere prepared for planting, a decrease of 4,500 hectares from the\nprevious year. In contrast, thanks to increased mechanization, the\narea prepared for natural regeneration increased by one-third, to\nalmost 32,000 hectares. Further increases are anticipated in the\nfuture.\nDuring the summer, forestry operations were severely curtailed by\nfire hazards, as extensive lightning-strikes following a dry winter\ncreated a difficult year for the Protection Division. More than half the\nyear's fires broke out over a single one-month period, from July 15 to\nAugust 15, and many were in areas not readily accessible to\nfirefighting crews. As a result, the direct costs of fire suppression were\nunusually high \u2014 $11.8 million as compared to the ten-year average of\n$6.8 million. Some 50,000 hectares of forest cover were destroyed by\nthe 2,308 fires which broke out in the province, causing a loss of\nalmost 4 million cubic metres of timber, valued at $11.5 million.\nDamage to other kinds of property was some $1.35 million, and the\ntotal loss to the provincial economy is estimated at well over $250\nmillion. During the year, the Division initiated a new system of auditing\nall major fire-suppression actions and their costs, in the hope of\nimproving the already-admirable record of its crews.\nSome $2.1 million, or 20 percent of the total Protection budget, went\nto the Pest Control Program, in the hope of reducing the more than 16\nmillion cubic metres of timber British Columbia loses each year to\npests and disease. During 1978, serious damage was inflicted by the\nmountain pine beetle and the spruce bark beetle, and the Ministry's\nresearchers, working in conjunction with the Canadian Forest Service,\nachieved promising results in developing new organic techniques to\nbring this scourge under control.\n 11\nNo additional construction projects were initiated during the year by\nthe Engineering Division, although many Ministry facilities were\nupgraded to bring them into line with the latest legislative requirements\nand safety codes.\nIn particular, work under the Forest Roads Development Program\nwas confined to routine maintenance and upgrading, along with the\nreconstruction or relocation of significant stretches of road in several\nparts of the province.\nThe length of developed hiking trails was augmented and totalled\n2,144 kilometres by the end of 1978. Crown forests and rangelands\ncontinued to serve as popular sources of recreation, and the 978\nrecreation sites operated by the Ministry were utilized by more than 1.3\nmillion visitors in the course of the year. One noteworthy trend was the\nincreasing use of forests for winter recreations such as snowmobiling\nand long-distance skiing, a comparatively recent development.\nImportant changes were introduced at the administrative and\nplanning levels of the forest management process. In particular, a new\nsystem of determining Annual Allowable Cuts by means of\ncomputerized Yield-Analysis calculations was introduced. The new\nsystem, which will result in greatly increased flexibility, utilizes as a\nbasis the newly-defined Timber Supply Area (T.S.A.) in place of the\nold P.S.Y.U., and by the end of 1978 the majority of the province's\nT.S.A.'s has been formally defined. The new process is scheduled to\nbecome fully operational by the end of 1980.\nImproved techniques of inventorying the province's forest resources\nwere also introduced, notably in the Level 4 Trial Inventory of nine\nselected watersheds. The new methods will make the Ministry's future\ninventories more comprehensive and more flexible, taking a\nbroadened range of ecological factors more fully into account. In June,\na new computerized mapping system became operational; though it\nwill not be fully functional until 1979, it will eventually eliminate much\ntedious hand-mapping work, and speed up the processing of maps\nand inventories considerably.\nThe process of conversion to the metric standard continued\nthroughout the year, and was completed January 1,1979. The\nintroduction of new financial control concepts at the Regional and\nDivisional levels will result in more efficient budgeting, and an increase\nin cost\/benefit ratios. A general restructuring of internal\/external\ncommunications was initiated throughout the Ministry.\nDuring the year the Ministry released two major new films for outside\nconsumption. Noteworthy among these was \"Phase Three\", the\nMinistry's first motion picture designed specifically for television, which\ngave several hundred thousand viewers a basic introduction to\nintensive forestry techniques. Also highly successful was ForesTalk,\nthe Ministry's resource magazine, which continued to grow in\npopularity. The Ministry's newsletter, Foresf Service News, commenced\nmonthly publication in June. It will have a vital function to perform in\ncoming years, serving as a major source of information for employees\nthroughout the province.\nWinter recreation on forest land is increasing\neach year.\n 12\nThe New Legislation\nThe new legislation emphasises integrated use\nof the province's forest resources in all areas,\nsuch as recreation, and encourages greater\nefforts towards intensive forest mangement,\nsuch as this aerial fertilization project at\nSayward on Vancouver Island.\nThe Forest Act, the Range Act, and the Ministry of Forests Act together\nform a unified package of legislation which was enacted to replace the\nmuch-amended Forest Act of 1912, and the Grazing Act of 1919,\nunder which the Forest Service operated. Besides formally upgrading\nthe Forest Service to the level of the Ministry in its own right, these\nthree acts also establish the new Ministry of Forests on a firm\nlegislative footing. For the first time, they provide it with a clearly\ndefined mandate specifying both its functions and its goals.\nThe basic terms of this mandate are set forth in Section 5 of the\nMinistry of Forests Act, as follows:\n\"The purpose and functions of the Ministry are, under the direction of\nthe Minister,\n(a) to encourage the attainment of maximum productivity of the\nForest and Range resources in the province.\n(b) to manage, protect and conserve the Forest and Range resources\nof the Crown, having regard to the immediate and long-term\neconomic and social benefits they may confer on the province.\n(c) to plan the use of the Forest and Range resources of the Crown,\nso that the production of timber and forage, the harvesting of\ntimber, the grazing of livestock and the realization of fisheries,\nwildlife, water, outdoor recreation and other natural resource\nvalues are coordinated and integrated, in consultation and\ncooperation with other ministeries and agencies of the Crown and\nwith the private sector.\n(d) to encourage a vigorous, efficient and world-competitive timber\nprocessing industry in the province, and\n(e) to assert the financial interest of the Crown in its Forest and\nRange resources in a systematic and equitable manner.\"\nToward the furtherance of these ends, the Forest Act and the Range\nAct give the Ministry full authority for the coordinated management of\nall Crown forest and range resources in the province. In addition, they\nsystematically redefine the overall framework for the continuing\npartnership of public and private interests in resource management.\nThey do so by spelling out in detail a new, revised system of licenses\nand permits to replace the old system which was still largely in effect\nduring 1978. The new system has been carefully designed to provide\n 13\nwhile penalizing those which violate the standards set by the Ministry.\nThe two acts also establish an innovative new appeal procedure for\ncompanies or individuals.\nThe Forest Act, in particular, reaffirms the policy of multiple\nland-use. It makes provision for the establishment of Provincial\nForests, in order to guarantee both continuity of use and protection of\nthe intensive management investment in areas best suited for timber\nproduction. It contains provisions to ensure that Allowable Annual Cut\ncalculations will henceforth take social and economic needs into\naccount, as well as purely biological factors. It is specifically designed\nto protect small, independent businesses, along with the local\nmanufacture of finished products from cut timber; but it also increases\nthe flexibility of procedures for exporting raw logs or chips wherever\nthey are surplus to local needs. Above all, it clearly enunciates the\nrights, responsibilities and obligations of all those involved in the\nmanagement of Crown forest lands, in a fashion designed to\nencourage the full and balanced utilization of British Columbia's timber\nresources.\nThe new Range Act was framed in the same spirit. It is designed to\npromote a cooperative approach to range management. The rancher\nis offered long-term licences, in return for participation in improved\nmultiple-use management of his own private lands in combination with\nCrown rangelands.\nUnder the Ministry of Forests Act, the Ministry is empowered to enter\ninto any desirable agreements or cooperative arrangements with the\nfederal government, the governments of other provinces, and other\nagencies, both public and private. It is also charged with establishing a\nForest Research Council to coordinate research in the province, and to\nsponsor grants for research and for forestry education.\nAll three acts together lay the groundwork for another historic\nprocess: the systematic decentralization of administrative authority\nand functions within the new Ministry. The new acts spell out in detail\nwhere decisions are to be made. A major thrust throughout is the\ndecentralization of decision-making. The goal is to have all forest and\nrange-management decisions made as close as possible to the field,\nthereby making for increased efficiency and flexibility.\nThe new Range Act promotes a\ncooperative approach to range\nmanagement activities.\njm0m\u00ae***&* *m\n\u25a0*. -  irtt\u00a3-\n 14\nThe Ministry's new organizational structure is\ndesigned to decentralize all practical\ndecision-making close as possible to field\noperations, while policy, support and guidance\nis obtained from Ministry Headquarters in\nVictoria.\nMinistry Reorganization\nThe new Ministry of Forests Act provides for a comprehensive\nreorganization of the entire Ministry. The reorganization is intended to\nbring about decentralization required by the new Forest and Range\nActs. Though passed in June, 1978, the Act did not formally come into\nforce until January 1,1979, when it was officially proclaimed by the\nLieutenant-Governor. Thus 1978 was the last year in which the old\nframework of administrative Divisions and Forest Districts remained\nentirely in place. Over the coming year, the former \"Divisions\" will be\nrenamed \"Branches\" and the \"Forest Districts\" will become \"Forest\nRegions\", each subdivided into five to nine Districts. The familiar figure\nof the \"Forest Ranger\" will become a \"District Manager\". Further\ndetails of the new, restructured Ministry will be discussed in a later\nsection (see \"Outiook\", page 35), and in a comprehensive report to be\nissued in 1979.\nThe Ministry's 1978 activities in this area were entirely concerned\nwith advance planning for the new structure. A Reorganization\nWorking Committee was appointed. All employees were encouraged\nto participate in its deliberations, and meetings were held at every level\nof the Ministry. Various reports and studies were conducted and\nanalyzed. Detailed discussions were held with representatives of\nconcerned unions, professional and technical associations, along with\nthe corporate sector of the forest and beef production industries.\nBy year's end, a comprehensive proposal for a new Ministry\norganizational structure had been formulated. The first steps in its\nimplementation are scheduled to take place in 1979.\n Resource Analysis Task Force\n15\nA special Resource Analysis and Program Task Force was created to\nproduce the first in the series of comprehensive province-wide\nResource Analysis and Five-Year Forest and Range Programs,\nas required under sections 8 and 9 of the new Ministry of Forests Act.\nBoth these have specific statutory dates attached to them, requiring\nthat they be presented to Cabinet no later than September 30,1979.\nThe work involved in preparing both will be considerable, and they\nrank among the Ministry's highest-priority projects for the latter part of\n1978 and the first three quarters of 1979.\nThe Forest and Range Resource Analysis is to be submitted every ten\nyears, after an initial five-year interval following the 1979 submission. Its\npurpose is to provide the provincial government with an overall\nframework for long-range resource-management planning, as\nrequired by the new Forest and Range Acts. In particular, it must\ncontain a comprehensive inventory of all the province's forest and\nrange resources, specifying their current extent and productive status,\nalong with an assessment of both domestic and foreign market\nopportunities for B.C. timber and timber products. Also included must\nbe a discussion of anticipated economic trends, a summary of public\npolicy developments in the light of their potential influence on\nresource-management, and a listing of all significant Ministry\nprograms in this area, with extrapolations of their long-range\neconomic and environmental impact.\nThe Forest and Range Resource Analysis the\nMinistry is required to carry out every ten years\nwill contain an up-to-date inventory of all forest\nand range resources in the province, and their\ncurrent condition.\nIn contrast, the first of a new series of Five-Year Forest and\nRange Resource Programs are to be submitted annually \u2014 each, as its\ntitle indicates, will cover a five-year period. Each must indicate a wide\nvariety of feasible alternate multiple-use programs for managing the\nprovince's timber, forage, and recreational resources. The anticipated\neffects of these must be specified, along with estimates of their\nassociated costs and benefits, and priorities assigned accordingly. On\nthe basis of this analysis, the Ministry is required to recommend its\nown preferred Five-Year Program, which it is prepared to implement\nover the period. This program must include an account of the methods\nand priorities to be adopted in implementing it and a proposed\nschedule for imnlementatinn alnno with a discussion nf the resnective\n 16\nroles to be played by the private and public sectors. Thus the\ngovernment will be able to assess the recommended program, and\nmodify or revise it if necessary.\nBoth the Resource Analysis Report and the Five-Year Resource\nManagement Program are to be submitted in addition to a new\nrevitalized Ministry annual report. As a result, the Ministry will be\nroutinely engaged in monitoring and reassessing its activities, in order\nto ensure that both public and private resource-management agencies\nare consistently serving the best interest of the province.\nTogether, these new programs represent perhaps the greatest\nchallenges that the Ministry personnel have ever faced. In 1978,\nimposed on a busy staff already engaged in confronting the demands\nof an active year, the programs were in many ways a disruptive\ninfluence. But in the long run, the benefits they promise will be\nincalculable. This year, 1978, was not just a good year, but a historic\none \u2014 for the Ministry and for the timber and range industries.\nT.M. Apsey\nDeputy Minister\n  18\nPlanning\nMinistry planners in cooperation with other\nresource agencies gather valuable resource\ndata necessary for developing Integrated Use\nResource Plans.\nOver one million people visit Ministry recreation\nfacilities such as this family at Raven Lake\nCampsite in the Cariboo Forest Region.\nThe Planning Division's 1978 activities were dominated by the new\nlegislation. A primary task was to create the Resource Analysis and\nFive-Year Forest and Range Program required by Sections 8 and 9 of\nthe Ministry of Forests Act. To achieve this, a Task Force composed of\npersons from several Divisions was formed, under the leadership of\nthe Planning Division. The Task Force was charged to analyze the\ncurrent status of the Province's forest and range resources and to\nidentify opportunities for more effective use and enhancement. The\nTask Force was also charged with preparation of a Five-Year Forest\nand Range Resource Program. Both of these tasks are to\nculminate in presentation of reports to Cabinet no later than\nSeptember 30,1979, and subsequent presentation to the Legislature\nin the spring of 1980.\nThe new legislation also confirmed the 1976 Royal Commission\nrecommendation that the old method of calculating Allowable Annual\nCut by Public Sustained Yield Unit be replaced with a system of yield\nanalysis by Timber Supply Area, known as the Production Forecast\nMethod. The new yield-analysis approach to planning utilizes\nsophisticated computer programs to generate projected yield\nscenarios based on a wide range of alternative forest-management\nstrategies, so that the Ministry can determine the optimal strategy and\nput it into operation. This year the beginning steps were made in this\nhistoric change-over; considerable effort was devoted to creating\nT.S.A.'s, and by year-end almost all those required under the new\nmandate had been defined. The present schedule calls for the initial\nprogram of yield-analysis by T.S.A. to be completely functional by the\nend of 1980, and work toward this target will be among the Division's\nhighest priorities in 1979.\nAnother 1978 milestone was the publication and distribution of the\nPlanning Handbook, with a revised text incorporating the requirements of\nthe new Acts. Considerable efforts were made to increase public\ninvolvement in planning at the unit and sub-unit levels throughout the\nprovince, especially by inviting public advisory groups to participate in\nplanning sessions. The new legislation and its demands will continue\nto be the primary concern of the Division in 1979.\nRecreation\nA total of 978 recreation sites were available to the year's complement\nof visitors, along with 2,144 kilometres of developed hiking trails.\nTwenty-eight new sites were opened during the year, while 57 minor\nsites were placed on a 'user-maintained' basis. Some 1.3 million\nvisitors made use of these facilities, a slight reduction from the 1977\nfigure of 1.4 million.\nBy contrast, there was a continuing upswing in the number of visitors\ninvolved in dispersed recreational activity, on the Province's Crown\nforest and range lands. Much of the increase was in the winter months,\ndue to the public's increasing involvement in such activities as\nsnowmobiling and cross-country skiing. The Ministry will undoubtedly\nbecome increasingly involved in the management of these activities in\nfuture.\nAn important regulatory tool was introduced in 1978, in the form of a\nMinister's Rule. This has the full force of a Regulation, and gives\nMinistry personnel the authority to control undesirable or incompatible\nactivities on designated recreation trails and recreation sites.\nIn the course of the year, eight new recreation map brochures were\nproduced for the general public, along with a Recreation Manual for\nthe direction of Ministry staff. But the largest part of the available\nenergies of the recreational staff went into reorganizing the Recreation\nProgram in order to fit it into the framework of the Ministry's new\nstructure, and into redefining the Program in terms of the changes\n Inventory\n19\nDuring 1978, the Ministry's Inventory Division continued to discharge\nits assigned task of maintaining a comprehensive province-wide\ninventory of British Columbia's timber resources. Among the most\nsignificant of its activities was the Level 4 Trial Inventory of nine\nselected watersheds, five of them Coastal streams (the Ahta and\nNahatlatch Rivers and Potlatch, Pemberton, and Mehatl Creeks) and\nfour of them Interior watersheds (the Trinity Valley, the Yalakum River,\nand McNulty and East Canoe Creeks). Between them, these cover a\ntotal area of 195,989 hectares. For the first time, comprehensive\nenvironmental data, ranging from soil-types to weather-conditions,\nwas included in the inventory. It is anticipated that this improved\nformat, which involved the Division's personnel in extensive forest\nclassification fieldwork as well as multistage sampling, will serve as a\npilot project for similar future inventories, rendering them considerably\nmore valuable in the long-range planning required under the new\nMinistry of Forests Act.\nIn addition, the Division completed Environment Protection Area\nmapping for 31 Public Sustained Yield Units around the province,\nalong with two Special Sale Areas, Dawson Creek and Prince George.\nIt also helped the Cariboo Region to reclassify disturbed fir and\nlodgepole pine stands in the Cariboo portion of the Prince George\nS.S.A., and its low-level fixed-base 70mm air photography facilities\ndemonstrated their value in providing assistance to the Managed\nStands Growth Section, as well as in several plantation performance\nsurveys conducted on behalf of the Reforestation Division.\nThe Natural Stands Growth Section measured a total of 264\nseparate plots, including both licensee and experimental plots, along\nwith some which were under attack by the spruce budworm. In\naddition, it established 61 new growth-check plots, and worked to\ndevelop new computer techniques. Meanwhile, the Managed Stands\nGrowth Section was active on the lower coast, performing\nmaintenance duties on 488 plots and remeasuring 346 more as part of\nits Managed Stand Yield Program.\nDuring 1978, this Division succeeded in processing and publishing\nalmost all of the 328 maps, along with accompanying statements and\nunit reports, covering the more than 2 million hectares which were\ninventoried in 1977. Of great significance in this regard was the\ninstallation of a new computerized mapping system, the Interactive\nGraphics Design System, which takes much of the manual work out of\nmapping. Once the system is fully functional it will provide the entire\nMinistry with a highly organized data base from which information can\nbe readily updated or retrieved, as is essential for both short and\nlong-range planning of the type called for under the new mandate.\nAll available resource data is being transferred\nto a computerized system called an Interactive\nGraphics Design System. The IGDS can\ninstantly display inventory maps of one hectare\nof forest, or the entire province at once.\n 20\nResearch\nControlled pollination experiments are but one\nfacet of the Ministry's Tree Improvement\nProgram.\nThe Research Division was active in several major areas during 1978.\nMost of its energies were concentrated on three major programs: the\nEcological Classification Program, the Silviculture Program, and the\nTree Improvement Program. In connection with the first of these, the\nEcogical Classification Program underwent a considerable expansion,\nand is now making strong progress in five of the province's six Forest\nRegions. Considerable emphasis was placed on providing field\ntraining for forest practitioners in several Forest Regions to enable\nthem to make site-specific prescriptions on silvicultural and\nenvironmental questions.\nUnder the Silviculture Program, a strong emphasis was placed on\nthe problems involved in lodgepole pine silviculture. Several\nplantations in the Nelson, Cariboo and Kamloops Regions were\nmonitored in order to determine and analyze the prevailing patterns\nand causes of tree mortality.\nConsiderable work was also conducted on behalf of the Ministry's\ntree nurseries. Studies were performed on the use of ethrel to improve\nthe germination of Interior spruce seed, and of the feasibility of\nmudpacking 1 +0 lodgepole pine stock. Investigations were made of\nthe effects of differing storage environments on the quality of nursery\nstock, and of root-wrenching and seed-bed spacing on the quality of\nplanting stock. The Skimikin Nursery was the site of a special project\ninvolving improvements in the quality of the bareroot Interior Douglas\nfir stock being produced there, and two Interior nurseries installed new\nstock-testing chambers, designed by the Division.\nUnder the Tree Improvement Program, a full round of controlled\npollination, seedling production, test-site establishment, and\nmaintenance work was once again completed on Coastal Douglas fir.\nThe transfer of Interior spruce breeding operations from Prince\nGeorge to Vernon in 1976 resulted in cone production on 45 percent of\nthe breeding orchard. The Lodgepole Pine Breeding Program\nsucceeded in producing sufficient grafted stock to create two new seed\norchards. At Barnes Creek Tree Breeding Site, site preparation and\nfencing were completed on an area of some 43.7 hectares.\nThe information gathered from analyzing\nhundreds of soil samples is the basis\nof the Ministry's ecological classification\nsystem.\n Reforestation\n21\nDespite unfavourable weather conditions, 1978 was a reasonably\ngood year for reforestation activities in British Columbia. Some 59.7\nmillion seedlings were planted on 55,571 hectares of denuded land, 20\nmillion by the Ministry's Reforestation Division, the remainder by the\nforest industry and other outside agencies. These figures represent a\ndrop of some 6 million seedlings from the previous year's high, in part\nbecause the available stock was significantly reduced by extensive\nfrost damage at the Ministry's Coastal nurseries, and in part because\nof the shortage of prepared planting sites. The latter developed\nbecause unsuitable weather conditions early in the year limited the\nextent of broadcast burning.\nIn the course of the year, the Ministry was responsible for creating a\ntotal of 13,598 new plots, and for checking the survival rate of\nseedlings on 27,426 established plots. One noteworthy project was\ncarried out in the Cariboo Region, where more than 200 hectares of\nold logging landings were rehabilitated by ripping and spreading.\nMeanwhile, work continued on a major ongoing project in the Nelson\nRegion: the rehabilitation of the area burned out in 1971 by the\ninfamous \"Sue\" fire. Although this project is progressing well, it is\nanticipated that it will take another five or six years before it is finally\ncompleted.\nDue to the increased use of machinery and machine-assisted\nmethods, the area prepared for natural regeneration throughout the\nprovince increased by a full 8,360 hectares over the 1977 figure, to a\ntotal of 31,771 hectares. In order to assess the desirability of artificial\ntreatment to enhance the results of natural restocking, Ministry crews\nchecked some 118,000 hectares of forest land which had been\ndenuded in past years, and licencees checked another 42,000\nhectares. Of the total area surveyed, 68.5 percent was being\nadequately restocked through natural regeneraton. The remaining\n31.5 percent will require planting to bring them into production.\nStand-tending and Silviculture\nThe year was marked by a considerable increase in funds for\nstand-tending activities throughout the province. As a result, a large\nnumber of intensive silviculture projects were initiated in the Interior,\nwhile the total area of young-growth forest thinned in the Vancouver\nRegion came to 2,986 hectares, more than double the 1977 figure. In\nall, some 330 separate stand-tending projects were carried out\nthroughout the province, mostly by small \"forestry work\" contractors\nworking under contracts which were awarded on the basis of\ncompetitive bidding. More than 12,000 hectares of forest were treated\nunder the program.\nOn Vancouver Island, the Reforestation Division carried out the\nMinistry's first large-scale operational fertilizer program, treating some\n2,600 hectares of thinned immature Douglas fir stands. Elsewhere, the\nDivision conducted research into the possible uses of herbicides in site\npreparation, and investigated various possible alternatives to\nindividual tree spacing for use especially in densely forested areas\nwhere the costs of present-day techniques are excessively high.\nExperiments were performed to determine the usefulness of low-level\naerial photography in making spacing assessments. On the ground,\nstudies were conducted on the hand-girdling of coniferous trees, and\non the development of wheeled skidders for use on steep slopes.\nUnder the terms of the Ministry's new mandate, coming years will be\nmarked by an increasing emphasis on silviculture. During 1978, a firm\nfoundation was laid for intensive forest management programs.\n1974   1975  1976   1977   1978\nFive year summary of planting \u2014 trees in\nmillions\nToday half of British Columbia's logged-over\nland is planted with seedlings. The Ministry is\nworking towards the day when most areas are\nhand planted, and with genetically improved\nseedlings.\n 22\n1974   1975   1976  1977   1978\nFive year comparison of hectares clearcut\nand planted \u25a0 (in thousands).\nThe majority of all cone collecting is still\nconducted by hand although results with\nmechanical pickers are more promising each\nyear.\nSeed Production\nAlmost 5,150 hectolitres of seed-cones were collected during 1978,\nwith 16 different species represented. The crop in general was light to\nmoderate, and foliowed the familiar pattern of past years. Some 40\npercent of the cones harvested were Douglas fir; a significant number\nof Amabalis fir cones were also collected on the Coast, along with\ncones of grand fir and alpine fir in the Interior\u2014between them these\nthree species accounted for almost 30 percent of the year's\ncollections. The crop of Abies (true fir) cones was the heaviest in\nyears, and there are moderate to heavy crops of Western hemlock and\nWestern red cedar both on the Coast and in the Southern Interior;\nsizable quantities of all three were collected. A moderate crop of\nInterior spruce cones, however, was spoiled by insect damage in all\nbut a few areas, and as a result the yield of this species was poor.\nAlmost all the cone collecting involved was carried out in conjunction\nwith timber harvesting. But the Ministry also conducted trials using a\nvariety of aerial rakes and harvesters suspended from helicopters. The\nresults were promising enough to encourage further experimentation\nalong these lines.\nMeanwhile, a good cone-crop was produced by the Coastal\nseed-orchards. Their total yield was a full 68.3 kilograms of seed\n(primarily Douglas fir), with the potential capacity to produce up to 3.7\nmillion trees.\nSouth of Prince George, on the Red Rock Forest Reserve, two new\nlodgepole pine orchards were established to serve the surrounding\nregion, while north of Salmon Arm, at Skimikin Nursery, preparations\ncontinued for the establishment of several projected Interior spruce\norchards, the first of which is scheduled for planting in 1979. In the\nQuesnel Lake area, selection and scion coliection continued forthe\nplanned new spruce orchard, while preparations commenced for\nestablishing an additional pine orchard. A major portent for the future\nwas the approval of the Cooperative Government\/Industry Tree\nImprovement Proposal, which will lead to the eventual creation of\nmany new seed-orchards in coastal B.C., along with a comprehensive\nevaluation of the performance of existing ones. In the more immediate\nfuture, the extensive root-pruning carried out during 1978 at several\nCoastal orchards, in conjunction with the year's warm dry summer,\npromises another good crop of orchard-raised cones in 1979.\nFollowing the 1978 cone collections, a record 464 seedlots were\nprocessed, a considerable increase over previous years. This was\nmainly due to the Ministry's heightened emphasis on the identification\nand classification of differing ecosystem types, so that the full range of\nappropriate species can be used in restocking denuded areas.\nFir species 70.4%       1H Pine species 17.1%\nSDruce SDecies 3.4%        Total hectolitres 3.501.8\n 23\nNursery Operations\nDuring 1978, spring sowing was increased to a grand total of 97 million\nseedlings, 68 million for bare-root field production and 29 million for\ncontainerized production. During the same period, an additional 14\nmillion seedlings were transplanted.\nThe Division's nurseries were also intensively involved in the\npropagation of new stock for various seed-orchards around the\nprovince. All told, some 26,000 root-stock plants were potted and\ncultured for this purpose. In addition, some 13,000 grafts were\nperformed, and some 12,000 cuttings rooted and cultured.\nSowing and other nursery production activities are expected to\nmaintain similarly high levels during 1979. Much of the 1978's work,\nhowever, may fail to bear fruit because of adverse weather conditions.\nLate in the fall, gale-force winds and freezing temperatures far below\nnormal caused considerable tip damage to field-grown stocks of\nCoastal Douglas fir; the exact losses involved will not be known for\nsome time. By year-end, the combination of deeply frozen ground and\nlack of snow at almost every nursery had created the potential for\nserious frost-heaving losses, particularly among overwintering\none-year spruce seedlings. Again, the consequences will not be\nevident for some time.\nFir species 21.2%\nDH Spruce species 57.1%\n\u25a0\u25a0 Pine species 9.5%\n\u25a0\u25a0 Hemlock species 9.9%\n\u2022gm Other 2.3%\nTotal 96,848,000\n1978 nursery sowing by species groups.\nCooperative Programs\nOnce more, during 1978, the Ministry cooperated closely with the\nNational Parole Service, the Provincial Corrections Branch, and the\nMinistry of Human Resources to provide work projects in a wide variety\nof forest work, including several projects under the Agricultural\nRehabilitation and Development Act.\nSeed is catalogued according to place of origin\nand is used to grow seedlings for planting in\nthose same areas.\nnmv.'AWAYfc\n\u00bb\u00ae&\n 24\nProtection\nFire destroys over 3 million cubic metres of\ntimber each year and half of this is caused by\nlightning.\nIndustrial 5.9%\nOther 24.5%\nTotal 2,308\nCauses of fire as percentage of 1978 total.\nLightning 49.4%\nSmoking 12%\nRecreational 8.2%\nThe 1978 Fire Season\nFollowing an unusually dry winter, widespread lightning strikes created\na serious fire threat in almost all parts of the province. By the first week\nin August, when danger ratings throughout the province had already\nincreased to High and Extreme, the fire crews in five of the six Forest\nRegions were already fully committed. In fact, 1,367 fires, a full 59\npercent of the season's total, started during the crucial one-month\nspan from July 15 through August 15. In mid-August, however,\nprovince-wide rains brought danger-rating levels down to Low and\nModerate, and the rest of the season passed without major fire\nproblems. The overall Severity Rating Index for the 1978 fire season\nwas the highest since 1972.\nLightning-strikes ignited almost 50 percent of the year's fires \u2014 and,\nbecause so many of these were in remote and inaccessible locations,\nthey caused over 90 percent of the total fire-damage. The next most\nsignificant cause was smokers, who were responsible for 12 percent of\nthe year's fires but only 3.5 percent of the total fire-damage. A third\nsignificant cause was industrial operations such as logging, which\nresulted 5.9 percent of the year's fires and 3.3 percent of the\nfire-damage.\nDuring 1978, fires destroyed some 50,000 hectares of forest cover,\ncomprising an estimated 3.8 million cubic metres of timber. The total\ndamage to other forms of property was estimated at $1.35 million. In\nterms of manufactured value of forest products, the volume destroyed\nrepresented well over $250 million. The direct costs of fire-suppression\nactivities during the year totalled $11.8 million - almost twice the $6.8\nmillion average over the 10-year period 1968-1977. By contrast, the\nfire-suppression costs for 1977 were $3.4 million.\nIn 1978, the Protection Division initiated a systematic audit of all\nactions taken against major fires, in order to determine how\nfire-suppression moneys were spent. It is hoped that this data will\nindicate ways by which fires can be dealt with both more economically\nand more effectively in the future.\nAbout 29 percent of the 1978 Protection Program budget, or some\n$2.6 million went to the Initial Attack Ground Crews. The importance of\nthese crews to the province's firefighting program is indicated by the\nfact that during this year they succeeded in bringing 1,872 fires, a full\n81 percent of the total number, under control by the end of the first\nburning period \u2014 i.e., by 10:00 a.m. of the day following that on which\nthe fire was ignited. This compares with an overall average of 86\npercent during the preceding 10 years. The importance of achieving\nsuch early control is indicated by the fact that the remaining 436 fires,\n19 percent of the total number, accounted for a full 57 percent of the\ntotal area burned, and a staggering 78 percent of the total suppression\ncosts.\nThroughout most of the province, the established practice of setting\nup Initial Attack Crews consisting of four to 10 persons each at\nindividual Ranger Stations was continued. But in some regions, a new\napproach, first initiated in 1977, was instituted. This involved\nestablishing a larger crew of 25 to 30 persons at a central location, and\nequipping it with its own helicopter as well as the usual complement of\nground transport vehicles and communications gear. Thus a crew is\nready to serve anywhere in the region on comparatively short notice.\nThis approach proved generally successful, and will be put to more\nwidespread use in the future.\nThe Division's Aerial Tanker Organization also played a vital role in\nthe Initial Attack Program. Its flying tankers put in a total of 1,796 hours\nof air time during the season, and delivered some 10.2 million litres of\nfire-retardant to crucial areas of a large number of major fires.\nHelicopters were also utilized, with considerable success. In\n. :ai_  ii i-i_j.\n 25\nBritish Columbia's fire-fighting system of flying\ntankers supported by on-the-ground\nsuppression crews is still the most effective in\nthe world.\neffect of the Aerial Tanker Program on hypothetical fires. With its aid, it\nshould be possible to even further increase the program's\neffectiveness in the fairly near future.\nAlso in conjunction with the P.N.F.I., work continued on the\ndevelopment of a very promising computer-model for fire-prediction\nwhich is being tested in the Kamloops Region. But of more\nimmediately practical import, were the improvements made in the\nexperimental lightning detection network, already in operation in the\nsame region. During 1978, electronic counters were added to 10 of the\n20 detection units; if these perform satisfactorily, they may well point\nthe way to reducing the lightning hazard which made this such a\ndifficult year for the Protection Program.\nFire Prevention\nFire-prevention efforts during 1978 were directed towards greater\npublic awareness activities, carried out by staff-members of the\nvarious Forest Regions. The activities included the production and\ndistribution of posters, handouts, and stickers, as well as the placing of\narticles and advertisements in newspapers, and spot announcements\non radio and television. In early August, at the height of the fire season,\nradio and television coverage was increased in order to warn the\npublic of the hazard.\nMore tangible successes were achieved in another area \u2014 the\nFuels Management Program. The aim of this program is to treat\nlogging sites, where a significant proportion of fires have their\nbeginning, so that combustible material such as slash, snags,\nblowdowns, and dead or dying trees, no longer pose a fire threat. In\n1978, the Ministry conducted studies of various ecological\nclassification systems, so that the specific ecological characteristics of\na site can be taken more fully into account when prescribed burning is\ncarried out. In the Sayward Forest, Ministry personnel collaborated\nwith the Canadian Forestry Service on a joint study of fuels-loading\nmeasurement techniques and the rate of fire-spread amongst debris in\nthinned forest-stands. The Division developed interim guidelines for\nfuels management in the immature forests currently being treated\nunder the Intensive Forestry Program. Considerable further activity in\nthis program is scheduled to take place in 1979.\nLightning 58.9% I\nSmoking 22.9% I\nRecreational 2.7%\nIndustrial 4.4%\nOther 11.1%\nTotal $11,839,413\nCost of forest fire suppression as percentage of\n1978 total.\n 26\nDefoliators 3.4%\nIB Bark Beetles 5.4%\nSBH Decay in Mature Forests 50.6%\n8H Root & Butt Rots 14.1%\n\u00ab\u2022*\u2022\u2022 Dwarf Mistletoe 26.5%\nAverage annual loss due to insect and\ndisease damage 1967 -1976\nEach year insects destroy enough timber to\nbuild 33,000 homes. The Mountain Pine Beetle\nis among the worst of the offenders.\nPest Management\nIn 1978, some $2.1 million, or 20 percent of the total Protection\nProgram budget, went to the Pest Management Program. This money\nwas utilized chiefly for pest-control operations throughout the province,\nalthough some $78,000 was spent on research, with emphasis on\nfinding new methods of controlling the province's most damaging\ntree diseases and insect pests.\nIt is estimated that over 16 million cubic metres of timber is lost each\nyear to insects and disease in British Columbia. About half this loss is\nthe result of tree decay in mature, unharvested forests. An equal\namount of damage, however, is caused by various pests which are at\nleast potentially controllable. These include dwarf mistletoe\n(responsible for an estimated 26.5 percent of the annual timber loss\ncaused by pests and disease), root and butt rot (14.1 percent), bark\nbeetles (5.4 percent), particularly the mountain pine beetle and the\nspruce bark beetle, and defoliators (3.4 percent), including the spruce\nbudworm.\nDuring 1978, the Protection Division, in conjunction with the\nCanadian Forestry Service, conducted field trials of the utilization of\nprescribed burning to control both dwarf mistletoe and the mountain\npine beetle \u2014 an approach which appears promising, but is not yet\npractically viable. The most recent survey discovered 70,000 hectares\nof forest under attack by the mountain pine beetle, and a more\nextensive area being threatened. Damage was particularly severe in\nthe Elk and Akamina-Kishinena Valleys of the Nelson Region, and the\nStum and Chilko Public Sustained Yield Units of the Cariboo Region.\nSalvage logging was carried out on 7,000 hectares in infested areas in\nthe northern and southern Interior.\nLimited successes were achieved in the battle against the spruce\nbark beetle, which caused considerable concern in the Prince Rupert\nand Prince George Regions, especially near Smithers Landing and\nSummit Lake. To forestall its ravages, aggressive salvage harvesting\noperation were mounted in both these areas. Other infestations in both\nthe regions involved, along with the Kamloops Region, were\nfield-mapped in preparation for future salvage-logging operations.\nOn the basis of 1977 egg counts, the western spruce budworm had\nbeen expected to pose a major problem during the year. But for\nunknown reasons, populations of this insect collapsed, rendering\ncontrol operations unnecessary. Nevertheless, damage surveys\ncontinued both in the Fraser Canyon area and near Lillooet and\nAshcroft. In the latter two areas, experimental studies of possible\ncontrol methods were carried out in conjunction with the Canadian\nForestry Service: from low-flying aircraft, monitored doses of Bacillus\nthuringiensis (Bt) and a budworm virus were applied to infected areas.\nThe results, though inconclusive, were promising.\n Range Management\n27\nDuring 1978, British Columbia's livestock industry had an\nunexceptional year physically, but a spectacularly successful one on\nthe marketplace. A moist spring and favourable early summer weather\ncaused forage plants to commence growth satisfactorily, and the\nbeginning of the year promised to be a good one for hay and range\nproduction. But severe summer droughts reversed the trend,\nparticularly in the central and northern parts of the province, and as a\nresult beef production declined. In the fall, widespread rains\nrejuvenated forage growth, but at the expense of a serious drop in the\nquality of second-cut hay, some of which was spoiled completely. In\nconsequence, hay prices rose considerably.\nIn the course of the year, 1,057 tonnes of hay were cut on Crown\nrangelands, down 92 tonnes from the 1977 figure. The use of ranges\nfor grazing purposes showed an increase of 43,000 Animal Unit\nMonths over the previous year, to a grand total of 871,608 A.U.M.'s\nCrown revenues from permit and licence fees totalled almost\n$560,000.\nDuring 1978,222,000 beef calves and yearlings were marketed\nfrom B.C. Crown and private range land. Over 70,000 head were\nslaughtered in B.C., the rest were shipped to Alberta and Ontario for\nfinishing. Some 41 million kilograms of beef were produced in the\nprovince, of which some 18 million were produced on Crown ranges.\nThe North American beef herd deficit relative to consumptive demand\ndrove the price of cattle on the open market, from the 1977 average of\n71.37 cents per kilogram to a 1978 average of $1.35. Financially, at\nleast, this increase helped offset the effects of the year's poor weather\nconditions for B.C. beef producers.\nThe most important event of 1978 for the Division itself was a new\nmandate in the form of the Range Act. This demands considerable\nreassessment and reorganization \u2014 a process which will take at least\ntwo years. With the help of the fifteen new Range Technicians added\nto its staff during the year, the Division was able to make a good start\non this undertaking.\nEach year over 200,000 calves\nand yearlings are raised and\nmarketed from British Columbia.\n 28\nValuation\n1974 1975 1976 1977 1978\nFive year summary of log exports in thousands\nof cunits.\nThe primary 1978 objective of the Valuation Division was that of\nsupervising and implementing a comprehensive changeover to the\nmetric system on the part of all the Ministry's Divisions and field\nagencies. During the course of the year, metric computer-programs for\nscaling and cruising were introduced, and new manuals on both topics\nwere published, written to metric standards. The change was\ncompleted on schedule, so that all activities involving timber quantities,\nincluding appraisals, were ready to be carried out entirely in metric\nmeasures as of January 1,1979. During the year, the Division was\nalso heavily involved in drafting regulations for the new Forest Act,\nproclaimed in December. A major part of its 1979 activities will be\ndevoted to interpreting these new regulations for the benefit of the\nMinistry's own staff and all other interested parties, and to supervising\ntheir actual implementation in the field.\nThe Division was responsible for administering the export of raw\nforest products from the province during 1978. Some 686,000 cubic\nmetres of logs were exported in the course of the year\u2014considerably\nless than the 1977 figure of 1.03 million cubic metres. The cumulative\ndollar value of all exports, however, rose by more than two-thirds over\nthe 1977 figure, totalling some $67 million as against the\nprevious year's $40 million. The bulk of the timber exported was sold to\nthe United States; most of the remainder was purchased by\nprocessors in the other Canadian provinces.\nWeight scaling stations, similar to the one\npictured here at Ootsa Lake, are located\nthroughout the province.\n Engineering\nNew construction was limited to the upgrading of existing facilities in\norder to conform with current safety codes and related legislative\nrequirements. The Division's chief activity during the year was the\nupgrading of nursery facilities on behalf of the Reforestation Division\n\u2014 more than $650,000 was spent on some 30 projects in various parts\nof the province. Another $226,000 was spent on upgrading seven\nair-tanker bases for the Protection Division, with priority being given to\nthe Campbell River and Penticton Bases.\nNo new forest roads were constructed, although routine\nmaintenance and improvement work was continued in all Regions.\nOne major reconstruction project was mounted, however, involving the\nrebuilding of some 29 kilometres of the Morice River Forest Road,\nincluding a sizable new bridge over the Nadina River. This and the\nthree other smaller bridges constructed during the year were all\ndesigned by staff members of the Ministry, as was the important new\nspan which will carry the Walker Creek Forest Road across the Fraser\nRiver. This latter will be the longest bridge ever built by the Ministry; at\nyear-end, the substructure had been completed and the steel for the\nsuperstructure was nearly ready.\nThis \"Fin\" boom on the Fraser River catches\ndebris, preventing it from entering the Straits of\nGeorgia.\nAmong the Division's other significant achievements under the\nForest Road Development Program were the relocation and upgrading\nof sections of the Head Bay and Cayoosh-Joffre Forest Roads, using\nfunds provided by the Ministry of Highways and Public Works, and site\nsurveys conducted at five different locations in the Vancouver and\nPrince George Regions.\nUnder the Reservoir Waterways Improvement Program, cleanup\noperations on the Duncan Reservoir continued satisfactorily.\nConsiderable progress was also made on land-clearing forthe\nRevelstoke Project. Meanwhile after 17 years of operation, the\nDivision turned over responsibility for the Peace River Waterways\nImprovement Project to the B.C. Hydro and Power Authority.\nIn the northern part of the province, preliminary investigations or\nproposed development schemes for several major watersheds were\ncompleted. An important research program was also mounted in\ncollaboration with the Canadian Forestry Service, aimed at finding new\ntechniques of estimating the volume of wood debris floating on\nreservoirs and other waterways by correlating aerial photographs with\nsatellite imagery. The results were definitely promising.\n 30\nMechanical support services are provided to all\nareas of the Ministry.\nMechanical Services\nThe Mechanical Services Section, which is responsible for acquiring\nvehicles and mechanical equipment for the entire Ministry, spent $1.4\nmillion during the year, which was partially offset by $430,000 received\nfrom the sale of unserviceable older vehicles at four major public\nauctions in Surrey, Prince George, Kamloops and Nelson.\nFor the Marine Services Group, 1978 was a year of transition from a\nlarge, multi-purpose fleet of relatively slow vessels to a smaller but\nmore useful fleet of faster craft, all purchased from the proceeds of the\nsale of the older vessels. In addition to offering maintenance services\nfor Ministry equipment, continuing support services to survey crew in\nvarious parts of the province, and supplying warehouse facilities for\nequipment belonging to the Protection Division, its staff completed an\nextensive maintenance and upgrading program on its own facilities\nover the course of the year.\nConsiderable inventiveness and ingenuity were involved in another\nlong-term ongoing program conducted by the division, that of\ndeveloping and testing new mechanical equipment for use in\nsilvicultural programs.\nCommunications\nA good deal of effort was expended on improving the Ministry's\nelectronic communications system. Eleven more high-level,\nlow-powered radio-repeaters were installed in various parts of the\nprovince \u2014 two of them solar-powered. Considerable attention was\nalso paid to methods for reducing the time required for repairing\nmountain-top repeaters, by stocking a wider range of parts and\nassemblies in the Ministry's Victoria warehouse, as well as by\ndeveloping faster procedures for use in on-site repairs.\n Training Services\n31\nThe major 1978 objective of the Training Services Division was to\ndevelop the necessary Implementation of Change Training Programs\nwhich are required in order to implement provisions of the new\nlegislative mandate throughout the Ministry. Substantial progress was\nmade, and many new projects were developed and introduced. A total\nof 516 students attended courses at the Ministry's Training School in\nSurrey. This was an impressive increase over the 1977 figure of 376.\nThe Division prepared and published an informative brochure,\nIntroduction to Forest and Range Legislation. In addition, a\ncomprehensive new training-program was prepared, ready for formal\nintroduction in 1979, which explains the policy and procedural issues\ninvolved in implementing the new legislation and its associated\nregulations.\nFinally, the preliminary outlines of a new management training\nprogram were completed. Scheduled to be introduced in 1979, it will\nexplain the principles, roles and responsibilities incumbent upon\nmanagerial personnel in the newly reorganized Ministry, and acquaint\nthem with efficient new methods of team-building for use in the\nregulation of its restructured framework of Divisions and Branches.\nThe Ministry is continually training its\npersonnel. Pictured here are training\nsessions in the field for fire suppression\ncrews and a formal classroom setting at the\nTraining School in Surrey.\n 32\nSystems & Data Services\nThe Ministry is continually advancing its\ncomputer facilities.\nIn 1978, the Ministry's former Systems Group was officially\nreconstituted as a separate Division, the Systems Services Division,\ndirectly responsible to the Assistant Deputy Minister, Support\nServices. But historic as this administrative change may seem, the\nyear will be best remembered for its achievements in the realm of\nhardware rather than software, due to the tremendous advances made\nin upgrading the Ministry's computer facilities.\nIn the past, data was largely stored on punch-cards which were\nbulky, slow to process, and all-too-easily subject to deterioration or\nloss. By the end of 1978, some 90 percent of all new data processed\nby the Division had passed directly from the keyboard terminal to\neither magnetic storage-discs or the computer's main memory-bank,\nfrom which it can be readily retrieved or revised by means of\nhigh-speed reprocessing procedures. Considerable time and effort\nwere also spent on improving working relationships with the B.C.\nSystems Corporation, and in reviewing existing data-processing and\nstorage techniques throughout the Ministry, so that more efficient\nsystems can be introduced in 1979. Since reorganization, and the\nincreased decentralization of authority which accompanies it,\nnecessitates a greater use of computer technology in order to\nsuccessfully carry out the Ministry's new mandate, the Division plans\nto continue upgrading its facilities during the coming year:\n Information Services\n33\nThe highly successful magazine, ForesTalk continued to grow,\nachieving a circulation of some 85,000. Recent research indicates an\nestimated total readership of over 400,000. A full-time assistant editor\nwas appointed to the magazine, and its format was revised and\nimproved, notably through the new policy of including in-depth\ninterviews with prominent figures in the resource-management field.\nCommencing in June, the Ministry's own newsletter, Forest Service\nNews, also sported a new format, as it commenced monthly publication\nfor the benefit of Ministry personnel and their families. Another of the\nDivision's publications, Wilderness Survival, was transferred to the\nOutdoor Recreation Branch of the Ministry of Lands, Parks and\nHousing, for revision and release early in 1979.\nThe Division was particularly active in the visual media, producing\nand releasing two major films along with a training film, \"Saw Points\",\nwhich deals with the spacing of juvenile forest stands. \"Trees, The\nRenewable Resource,\" completed in late December, is a basic\nintroduction to the Ministry's activities, designed for use by\nstaff-members in conjunction with speeches to public groups; along\nwith an explanatory pamphlet of the same title, it will also be made\navailable for use in schools. The year's most ambitious film project was\n\"Phase Three\". A popular introduction to intensive forest land\nmanagement techniques, it was aired in July on both the C.B.O and\nB.C.T.V. networks, and reached approximately 600,000 viewers. The\nfilm was subsequently taped and rebroadcast on numerous\ncable-stations throughout the province, while 16mm prints were\nprepared for school and general use.\nAlso on television, an entire six-program series of the C.B.C.'s\npopular \"Bob Switzer Show\" was devoted to the Ministry's field\nactivities; and, over a full month, a special new thirty-second\ncommercial spot was aired regularly on major television outlets\nthroughout the province. By this and other means, the Division made a\npromising start on developing a major new publicity program, which\nencourages the public in all parts of the province to report the outbreak\nof forest fires, by using the Zenith-5555 provincial forest fire reporting\ntelephone system.\nTwo major visual-education displays were circulated by the Division\nduring the year. \"Fires, Insects and Disease\" was exhibited at selected\nlocations throughout the province, while an older display, \"Man and\nthe Forest Environment\", was refurbished and shown in the Prince\nGeorge and Prince Rupert regions. In addition, four new slide-tape\npresentations were completed for use in training programs. Other\neducational activities included the production of two new teaching\ntools in cooperation with the Western Education Development Group\nof the University of British Columbia. Timber\u2014 the Forest\nManagement Game, designed for grades 5 and up, was widely\ndistributed, while a trial edition of Managing the Forest, an aid for use in\nForestry 11 courses, was distributed for preliminary testing in actual\nclassroom situations.\nThe Ministry Library, operated by the Division, was closed to general\nuse from January to September in order to recatalogue the entire\ncollection, making the changeover from the Oxford System to the\nDewey Decimal System. Work on preparing a computer-catalogue of\nlibrary holdings was also initiated.\nAn important event was the March publication of the study\nCommunications Function of the Ministry of Forests \u2014 Review and\nRecommendations, prepared under the Division's sponsorship. A frank\nand comprehensive analysis of the Ministry's policies and activities in\nthis area, the report supported a far-reaching restructuring of both\ninternal and external communications throughout the Ministry.\nDuring a six month period, the display pictured\nhere, featuring a protection theme, travelled to\nall urban centres of the province.\n 34\nStrategic Studies\n1974  1975   1976  1977   1978\nSummary of investments by British Columbia\nforest industries (in millions of dollars).\nThe challenges posed by the new legislation set many of the priorities\nof Strategic Studies Division during the past year. Especially in the\nlatter half, a number of special assignments developed. These\nincluded aiding the Planning Division in explaining the purpose and\nmethods of the Timber Supply Area Analysis to other agencies and the\npublic, and participating on the Resource Analysis and Program Task\nForce to conduct the resource analyses demanded by Sections 8 and\n9 of the new Ministry of Forests Act.\nRoutine functions of the Division were somewhat curtailed, but still\nachieved significant progress. Work continued with other federal and\nprovincial agencies to establish balanced resource use policies to\ndirect and coordinate forest management programs. Increased\nattention was given to the area of federal\/provincial relations with the\nDivision representing the Ministry on the Forest Industries\nDevelopment Committee and the National Forest Policy Executive\nCommittee.\nProvincially, representation on interagency committees remained a\nmajor activity of both the Resource Section and the Economics and\nAnalysis Section. Development proposals were evaluated for twelve\nmajor projects including coal, natural gas pipelines, hydro installations\nand transmission lines, as well as numerous minor ones. The Division\nwas also active on working groups establishing policy for the Salmonid\nEnhancement Program, Natural Hazards Program and Mitigation and\nCompensation for resource use interactions.\nOther integrated management projects included assessing conflicts\nover the location of the Morice River Road, investigating risks imposed\nby logging near the Elkford slide, recommending changes in the\nEnvironmental Protection Area inventory program, and assisting with\ndesigning a project to identify costs imposed by integrated\nmanagement of forests.\nThe combination of resource management and economics\nspecialties within the Division were also applied in coordinating\ndevelopment of the program and policies to guide the Ministry's\naccelerated intensive forestry program. Implementation is now well in\nprogress under the direction of the Reforestation Division.\nStrategic Studies Division, in its role as economic advisor to the\nMinistry's Executive, was called upon to prepare evaluations of several\nmajor issues \u2014 most notably, the well-publicized take-over proposals\ninvolving crucial elements of the provincial forest industry.\nDuring 1978, the Organization and Management Section of the\nStrategic Studies Division was deeply involved in reorganization\nthroughout the Ministry. One of its chief objectives was that of assisting\nother Branches in implementing the new legislation. In addition, the\nSection's 1977 review of the operations of the Kamloops Region's\nadministrative staff served as a basis for a fundamental restructuring\nof the Ministry's accounting groups. Efforts will be directed next year to\nre-evaluate the Ministry's vehicle pools and warehousing facilities, with\nthe aim of increasing their efficiency and their cost\/benefit ratios.\nBeginning in October, the Section devoted a large portion of its time\nto developing a new improved Integrated Management Information\nSystem. Once they have been formally introduced, these new systems\nwill provide the Ministry with comprehensive and reliable feedback\nfrom the field. They will thus be invaluable tools forthe new\ndecentralized Ministry.\n Outlook\n35\nThe new legislation passed in 1978 provides the Ministry with a clear\nlegislative mandate for the first time in its history. Soon, due to the\nongoing process of reorganization, the Ministry will have a new and\nimproved structure to enable it to effectively implement and administer\nthis mandate.\nThe accompanying chart of the proposed Headquarters\nOrganization, as it is scheduled to be restructured in 1979, indicates\nhow the Ministry's new organizational structure differs from the old one\nwhich was still in effect in 1977 and part of 1978. The major difference\nhas to do with a basic organizational principle \u2014 that of Line-and-Staff\norganization. In the Ministry, this line flows directly downwards from\nthe Deputy Minister through the Operations Division and the Assistant\nDeputy Minister in charge of it, to the six Forest Regions and their\nRegional Managers, and thence to the District Managers within each\nregion, who in turn have line authority.\nIn contrast, the other three new Headquarters Divisions and their\nconstituent Branches (the former \"Divisions\", under the old structure\nstill prevailing in 1978) will no longer exert direct line authority over\nRegional or District personnel. Theirs will instead be a \"staff\" role,\nconfined to supplying the Ministry's Primary Line officers with advice or\nsupport-services. Thus the Branches concerned with the overall\nplanning, coordination, and servicing of field-activities will remain\nefficiently centralized, while responsibility for executing the Ministry's\nprograms and policies will be delegated as close to the actual field as\nis practically possible. In this way, the increased flexibility and\nresponsiveness required by the new mandate will be effectively\ninstitutionalized with no loss of central direction.\nIn the ongoing process of reorganization, the former \"Divisions\" are\nnot only being regrouped and retitled as \"Branches\", but certain\nformer \"Sections\" or groups of Sections are now being designated as\nBranches in their own right. Thus the old Engineering Division will\nhenceforth be reorganized into an Engineering Branch and a\nTechnical Services Branch, while the old Planning Division will turn\nover its responsibility for recreational facilities to a new Recreation\nManagement Branch. In addition, the Systems and E.D.P. Services\nDivision will become simply the Systems Services Branch; the\nProtection Division will be the Protection Branch (with most of its field\nactivities assigned to the new Provincial Forest Fire Control\nOrganization); and the Reforestation Division will be reconstituted as\nthe Silviculture Branch \u2014 an indication of the great stress laid on\nsilviculture in the new Forest Act. All these changes are more than\nmerely cosmetic: they mark profound changes in orientation or\nphilosophy which will become increasingly evident in the future.\nThe appearance of thinning crews and acres of\nseedlings are the beginnings of intensive forest\nmanagement.\n 36\n1979 will be the year when the reorganization of the Ministry's\nVictoria headquarters is completed; it will also be the year when the\nMinistry's first Five-Year Forest and Range Resource Program is\ndeveloped.The statutory background of that program has already been\ndiscussed; its significance, however, extends far beyond the legislative\nframework which occasioned it. For the first time, the new Ministry,\nwith its new mandate, will be embarking on a truly comprehensive\nlong-term program of multiple-use resource management. In so doing,\nit will usher in a new era of intensive forest management.\nIt will be some time before the Ministry's ongoing reorganization is\ncompleted, and the full benefits of the new philosophy of managerial\ndecentralization are realized. But in times to come, the profound\nchanges initiated during 1978 will bear abundant fruit. Periods of\ntransition are always troublesome as well as challenging; and over the\nnext few years the newly-created Ministry of Forests will undoubtedly\nundergo a certain amount of dislocation and confusion as a result of\nthe new demands being made upon it. The year 1978 was not without\ntroubles along with its challenges, but it nevertheless will go down in\nthe memories of the Ministry and all its personnel as a very special\ntime.\nMinistry organization\nOffice of the\nDeputy Minister\nDeputy Minister\nOffice of the Assistant Deputy Minister\nFinance & Administration Division\nOffice of the Assistant Deputy Minister\nOperations Division\nOffice of the Assistant Deputy Minister\nTimber, Range & Recreation Division\nOffice of the Assistant Deputy Minister\nForestry Division\nAssistant Deputy Minister\nAssistant Deputy Minister\nAssistant Deputy Minister\nChief Forester\nJ\nInformation Services\nBranch\nPersonnel Services\nBranch\nRange Management\nBranch\nPlanning Branch\nStrategic Studies\nBranch\nDirector\nDirector\nDirector\nDirector\nDirector\nTraining Services\nBranch\nTimber Management\nBranch\nInventory Branch\nDirector\nDirector\nDirector\nFinancial Services\n_             Branch\n-\nRecreation\nManagement Branch\nResearch Branch\nMinistry Comptroller\nDirector\nDirector\nSystems Services\nBranch\nValuation Branch\nSilviculture\nBranch\nDirector\nDirector\nDirector\nLegal & Administrative\nServices Branch\nEngineering Branch\nProtection\n_            Branch\nDirector\nDirector\nDirector\nTechnical Services\nBranch\nDirector\nRegional Manager\nl\n  Contents\n1\nSummary of Planting 1969-1978  \t\n..40\n2\nPlanting by Forest Region 1978 \t\n..40\n3\nHectares Clearcut and Hectares Planted in Public  \t\nSustained Yield Units by Forest Region, 1974-1978\n41\n4\nSite Preparation and Hazard Abatement, 1978, Forest  \t\nService and Licensees On All Tenures\n41\n5\nStand Tending and Improvement, 1978 (Hectares \t\nCompleted) Forest Service and Licencees On All Tenures\n41\n6\nRegeneration Surveys, 1978, Forest Service and \t\nLicensees in P.S.Y.U.'s\n42\n7\nCone Collections, 1978 Forest Service\t\n..42\n8\nSeed Orchards Established as of 1978 \t\n..43\n9\nInventory of Seed in Storage, 1978, by Forest Region \t\n..44\n10\nSeed Processed from 1978 Cone Crop, Forest Service\t\nand Companies, by Forest Region\n44\n11\nForest Service Nurseries, Inventory as of August 1978  \t\n..45\n12\nForest Service Nurseries, Inventory by Species as of\t\nAugust 1978\n45\n13\nForest Service Nurseries, Summary of Spring 1978 Sowing ..\n..46\n14\nSummary of Basic Data For Certified Tree-Farms   \t\n(PSYU's over Crown-granted lands) Included Within Tree\nFarm Licences 1978\n46\n15\nSummary of Basic Data For Farm Woodlot Licences \t\n(PSYU's) 1978\n46\n16\nSummary of Basic Data For Tree-Farm Licences  \t\n(Private PSYU's) 1978\n47\n17\nAverage Stumpage Prices Received by Species   \t\nand Forest Region on Timber Scales from Tree-Farm\nLicence Cutting Permits During 1978\n48\n18\nSummary of Basic Data for PSYU's 1978\t\n..49\n19\nAverage Bid Stumpage Prices by Species and Forest  \t\nRegions on Cutting Permits of Timber Sale Harvesting\nLicences and Timber Sales Issued During 1978 Per Cunit\nLog Sale\n51\n20\nTimber Cut and Billed from Timber Sales and Timber \t\nSale Harvesting Licences 1978\n52\n21\nTotal Amount of Timber Scale Billed in British  \t\nColumbia During the Years 1977 and 1978 in Cunits\n52\n22\nTotal Scale of All Products Billed in 1978 in Cunits \t\n..52\n23\nSpecies Cut, All Products, 1978, in Cunits \t\n..53\n24\nAcreage Logged 1978 \t\n..53\n25\nTotal Scale of Christmas Trees Billed in 1970-1978 \t\n..54\n26\nWood Processing Plants of the Province 1978  \t\n..54\n27\nExport of Logs 1978  \t\n..55\n28\nExports from the Province of Other Forest Products 1978\t\n..56\n29\nSub-unit Surveys, 1978 Fieldwork \t\n..56\n30\nProduction of Final Forest Cover Maps for 1977 Projects\n..57\n31\nUses of Crown Range 1978   \t\n..57\n32\nFire Occurrences by Months 1978 \t\n..57\n33\nNumber and Causes of Forest Fires 1978   \t\n..58\n34\nNumber and Causes of Forest Fires for the Last Ten Years  ..\n..58\n35\nFires Classified by Size and Damage 1978  \t\n..58\n36\n37\nLoss of Property Other Than Forest 1978\t\nI nss nf FnrpRt C.nv&r Caused hv Forest Fires 1978 (Part 1)\n\u25a059\n.. 59\n 39\n39 Fire Causes, Area Burned, Forest Service Cost and    60\nTotal Damage 1978\n40 Comparison of Damage Caused by Forest Fires in    60\nLast Ten Years\n41 Fires Classified by Regions, Place of Origin and Cost   61\nPer Fire of Fire-fighting, 1978\n42 Volume and Mortality Losses Due to Insects and Disease    61\n43 Forest Revenue, Fiscal Year 1977-1978    62\n44 Forest Revenue 1974-1978    62\n45 Amounts Charged Against Logging Operations 62\nFiscal Year 1977-1978\n46 Amounts Charged Against Logging Operations, 1978  63\n47 Forest Service Expenditures, Fiscal Year 1977 -1978 63\n48 Accelerated Reforestation Fund 63\nMETRIC CONVERSION FACTORS\nMetric Conversion Factors\n1 acre = 0.404 686 hectare\n1 hectare = 2.471 05 acres\n1 cunit (100 cubic feet) = 2.831 68 cubic metres\n1 cubic metre \u2014 0.353 147 cunit\n1 gram = 0.035 274 0 ounce\n1 ounce = 28.349 5 grams\n1 kilogram \u20142.204 62 pounds\n1 pound = 0.453 592 kilogram\n1 tonne = 1.102 62 ton\n1 ton = 0.907185 tonnes\n 40\nTable 1       Summary of Planting 1969-1978\nForest Service On\nCompanies On\nForest Service\nCrown Granted\nCompar\nies\nTimber Sale\nOn\nLand Forest Act\nOn Tree\nHarvesting\nCrown Land\nSec. 152\nFarm Licences\nLicences\nOther Private\nTotals\nTrees In\nTrees In\nTrees In\nTrees In\nTrees In\nTrees In\nYear\nThousands\nHA\nThousands\nHA\nThousands\nHA\nThousands\nHA\nThousands\nHA\nThousands\nHA\nCoast 1978\n5922.7\n5202.\n0.\n0.\n10672.7\n12801.\n3290.2\n3804.\n2857.9\n3425.\n22743.5\n25232.\n1977\n7174.8\n6467.\n0.\n0.\n13159.0\n15646.\n3082.0\n2605.\n4772.7\n5122.\n28188.5\n29840.\n1976\n6549.3\n5973.\n0.\n0.\n11779.7\n13496.\n2937.8\n2610.\n7190.2\n5620.\n28457.0\n27699.\n1975\n8725.9\n7243.\n0.\n0.\n9522.9\n10357.\n1768.2\n1527.\n4123.5\n4142.\n24140.5\n23269.\n1974\n8352.1\n8147.\n0.\n0.\n11921.3\n12805.\n1374.2\n1223.\n3501.4\n3604.\n25149.0\n25779.\n1973\n13855.7\n12614.\n0.\n0.\n12769.1\n13757.\n1550.3\n1393.\n4046.0\n4053.\n32221.1\n31817.\n1972\n12998.8\n12326.\n0.\n0.\n12176.0\n13760\n187.6\n153.\n4872.6\n4515.\n30235.0\n30754.\n1971\n9627.0\n9185.\n55.0\n52.\n11603.8\n12843.\n82.4\n96.\n4756.0\n4601.\n26124.2\n26777.\n1970\n7202.0\n7171.\n118.0\n109.\n10616.5\n12348.\n0.\n0.\n7914.6\n8120.\n25851.1\n27748.\n1969\n4791.0\n4596.\n107.0\n81.\n9981.6\n11601.\n0.\n0.\n5673.6\n6048.\n20553.2\n22326.\nPrevious\nPlanted\n109090.9\n63118.\n15188.9\n11012.\n89566.4\n94887.\n0.\n0.\n30206.4\n34492.\n244052.6\n2035C9.\nTotals\nto Date\n194290.2\n142042.\n15468.9\n11254.\n203769.0\n224301.\n14272.7\n13411.\n79914.9\n83742.\n507715.7\n474750.\nInterior 1978\n13799.5\n10515.\n0.\n0.\n4192.4\n3718.\n18213.3\n15683.\n806.0\n593.\n37011.2\n30509.\n1977\n17503.4\n13995.\n0.\n0.\n3697.9\n3012.\n16156.9\n13107.\n285.0\n209.\n37643.2\n30323.\n1976\n23801.9\n18602.\n0.\n0.\n3526.0\n2947.\n16469.9\n13242.\n566.4\n502.\n44364.2\n35293.\n1975\n24712.8\n21054.\n21.0\n16.\n3129.7\n2751.\n12588.8\n10050.\n355.0\n344.\n40807.3\n34215.\n1974\n16128.2\n12938.\n0.\n0.\n3076.8\n3199.\n9380.3\n7535.\n82.8\n36.\n28668.1\n23708.\n1973\n14371.1\n10954.\n0.\n0.\n3551.1\n3034.\n5521.1\n4284.\n541.6\n362.\n23984.9\n18634.\n1972\n14256.0\n10765.\n0.\n0.\n1692.0\n1506.\n2066.0\n1674.\n145.0\n138.\n18159.0\n14083.\n1971\n15449.2\n12565.\n0.\n0.\n1461.0\n1340.\n743.0\n606.\n69.0\n67.\n17722.2\n14578.\n1970\n7201.0\n5938.\n0.\n0.\n753.0\n847.\n40.0\n27.\n166.0\n149.\n8160.0\n6961.\n1969\n5019.9\n4519.\n0.\n0.\n301.7\n369.\n0.\n0.\n70.7\n51.\n5392.3\n4939.\nPrevious\nPlanted\n14184.8\n12621.\n0.\n0.\n4039.6\n4841.\n0.\n0.\n771.1\n645.\n18995.5\n18107.\nTotals\nto Date\n166427.8\n134466.\n21.0\n16.\n29421.2\n27564.\n81179.3\n66208.\n3858.6\n3096.\n280907.9\n231350.\nAll Planted\nto Date\n360718.0\n276508.\n15489.9\n11270.\n233190.2\n251864.\n95452.0\n79620.\n83773.5\n86838.\n788623.6\n706100.\nAll Planted\nThis Year\n19722.2\n15717.\n0.\n0.\n14865.1\n16518.\n21503.5\n19488.\n3663.9\n4018.\n59754.7\n55741.\nTable 2       Planting by Forest Region 1978\n(Number of Trees in Thousands (Hectares in Parantheses Below)\nForest\nRegion\nForest Service\non Crown Land\nand Crown\nGranted Land\nCompanies\nonT.S.H.L.s,\nT.S.Lson\nCrown Land\nComps\nnies on Tree Farm Licences\nTree Farm\nnot within\nTree Farm\nLicences\nCompanies\non other\nPrivate\nRegional Totals\nCrown\nLand\nCrown-Granted\nLand\nTotal\nVancouver\n5458.4\n(4779.0)\n2724.1\n(3324.0)\n7240\n(9211.0)\n2233.9\n(2448.0)\n9473.9\n(11659.0)\n1898\n(2305.0)\n959.9\n(1119.7)\n20,514.3\n(23186.7)\nPrince Rupert\n663.9\n(576.3)\n3757.0\n(2831.5)\n1198.8\n(1141.6)\n1198.8\n(1141.6)\n5,619.7\n(4549.4)\nPrince George\n2764.3\n(2209.6)\n4914.3\n(5091,4)\n1129.2\n(1032.2)\n1129.2\n(1032.2)\n8,807.9\n(8333.2)\nCariboo\n2945.4\n(2185.6)\n3682.3\n(3115.7)\n316.1\n(263.5)\n316.1\n(263.5)\n5.0\n(5.0)\n6,948.8\n(5569.8)\nKamloops\n4428.2\n(3421.7)\n4417.8\n(3809.1)\n1482.1\n(1365.0)\n1482.1\n(1365.0)\n33.0\n(33.0)\n10,361.1\n(8,628.8)\nNelson\nTntalc\n3462.0\n(2545.0)\n2008.0\n(1316.0)\n1265.0\n(1057.0)\n1265.0\n(1057.0)\n737.0\n(518.0)\n31.0\n(37.0)\n7,503.0\n(5,473.0)\n1QTOO O\nOIRCI R\n19fiQ1   1\nOQ-3Q Q\nUDRR   1\n\u00ab,,= \u201e\n\u2122\n\u00bb-\"\n 41\nTable 3       Hectares Clearcut & Hectares Planted\nPublic Sustained Yield Units by Forest Region, 1974-78\nPercent\nTotal\nCutover\nfive-year\nAccumulative\nPlanted\nRegion\n1974\n1975\n1976\n1977\n1978\nperiod\nTotal 1971 +\n1971 +\nVancouver\nHectares Clearcut\n10231\n8636\n12414\n12977\n14793\n59051\n97698\n71.9\nHectares Planted\n8650\n7843\n6581\n7753\n8103\n38930\n70210\nPrince Rupert\nHectares Clearcut\n11901\n7018\n11293\n12462\n13968\n56642\n85916\n41.3\nHectares Planted\n3291\n4689\n6253\n3282\n3408\n20923\n35513\nPrince George\nHectares Clearcut\n33282\n26855\n30267\n40791\n35620\n166815\n257925\n21.6\nHectares Planted\n5779\n8955\n12116\n13545\n7301\n47696\n55617\nCariboo\nHectares Clearcut\n12392\n11869\n14570\n15529\n17311\n71671\n108908\n32.2\nHectares Planted\n4670\n7457\n5382\n5612\n5301\n28422\n35116\nKamloops\nHectares Clearcut\n10907\n10539\n17968\n16770\n15374\n71558\n114675\n25.8\nHectares Planted\n2961\n4569\n4840\n3782\n7231\n23383\n29604\nNelson\nHectares Clearcut\n12430\n8060\n14233\n12124\n7613\n54460\n92392\n35.6\nHectares Planted\nTOTAL\n4272\n6386\n5276\n2942\n3861\n22737\n32875\nHectares Clearcut\n91143\n72977\n100745\n110653\n104679\n480197\n757514\n34.2\nHectares Planted\n29623\n39899\n40448\n36916\n35205\n182091\n258935\nTABLE 4       Site Preparation and Hazard Abatement, 1978, Forest Service and Licensees on All Tenures\nPrime Objective Indicated in Appropriate Column\nMethod of Treatment\nBroadcast Burned   \t\nBunched & B Yned \t\nSpot Burned   \t\nLandings Only Burned \t\nChemical Treatment and Burn \t\nDrag Scarified \t\nBlade Scarified \t\nBunched Only \t\nChemical Treatment Only \t\nResidual Falling Only (including snags)\nSnag Falling Only\t\nOther Treatment \t\nNo Treatment  \t\nTOTALS    \t\n(D\nNatural\nRegeneration\nPreparation (ha)\n(2)\nPlanting\nPreparation (ha)\n(3)\nHazard\nAbatement (ha)\n(4)\nTotal\n(ha)\n(5)\nPer Cent\n582\n6,153\n1,530\n2,919\n12,983\n2,042\n260\n6\n1,317\n52\n565\n3,362\n6,522\n5,853\n852\n2,194\n248\n1.263\n313\n65\n2,164\n20\n294\n425\n2,337\n2,095\n4,018\n76,396\n22\n128\n968\n197\n488\n927\n1,654\n2,383\n9,441\n14,101\n6.400\n81,509\n13,253\n3,433\n1,541\n268\n3,969\n999\n2,513\n6,170\n6.6\n9.7\n4.5\n56.7\n9.2\n2.4\n1.1\n0.2\n2.3\n0.4\n1.1\n4.4\n31,771\n20,213\n91,613\n143,597\nTable 5       Stand Tending and Improvement -1978 - All Tenures\n(Area treated in hectares)\nRegion\nStocking Control\nResidual Falling\nRegion Totals\nuoniter Heiease\n(Brushing)\nJuvenile Spacing\nCommercial\nThinning\nMistletoe\nControl\nand\nSite Rehab.\nFertilization\nTotals\nForest   Licencee\nForest  Licencee\nForest  Licencee\nForest   Licencee\nForest   Licencee\nForest   Licencee\nForest  Licencee\nAll\nService\nService\nService\nService\nService\nSen\/ice\nService\nAgencies\nVancouver\n703.0\n2826.4\n2674.8\n6569.5\n2.0\n23.1\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n751.6\n2636.0\n4807.5\n6015.8\n14978.1\n20 993.9\nPr. Rupert\n23.0\n686.7\n363.5\n4.7\n714.4\n363.5\n1 077.9\nPr. George\n230.5\n\u2014\n625.0\n\u2014\n560.0\n\u2014\n1415.5\n\u2014\n1 415.5\nKamloops\n1.6\n637.3\n\u2014\n572.1\n95.0\n6.0\n\u2014\n1217.0\n95.0\n1 312.0\nNelson\n\u2014\n546.0\n\u2014\n332.0\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n878.0\n\u2014\n878.0\nCariboo\nTotals\n\u2014\n698.9\n\u2014\n1253 0\n506.3\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n1951.9\n506.3\n2 458.2\n727.6\n2826.4\n5474.2\n6933.0\n2.0\n23.1\n1878.0\n506.3\n1468.8\n846.6\n2642.0\n4807.5\n12192.6\n15942.9\n28135.5\n 42\nTable 6       Regeneration Surveys, 1978, Forest Service and Licensees in PSYU's1\nForest Region\nTotal\nHectares\nExamined\nHectares\nSatisfactorily\nStocked\nHectares\nNot\nSatisfactorily\nStocked\nPerCent\nStocked\nVancouver \u2014\n25.804\n(1)\n25,804\n10,274\n10,381\n20,655\n16,751\n7,572\n24,323\n25,484.6\n4,141.7\n29,626.3\n15,908\n10,653\n26,561\n23,507\n9,063\n32,570\n20.181\n(1)\n20,181\n7,683\n6,128\n13,811\n10,809\n4,858\n15,667\n18,898.7\n2,507.6\n21,400.3\n11,537\n6,147\n17,684\n16,401\n4,196\n20,597\n5,623\n(D\n5,623\n2,591\n4,253\n6,844\n5,942\n2,714\n8,656\n6,591.9\n1,634.1\n8,226.0\n4,371\n4,506\n8,877\n7,106\n4,867\n11,973\n78.2\n(1)\n78.2\n74.8\n59.0\n66.8\n64.5\n64.1\n64.4\n74.1\n60.5\n72.0\n72.5\n57.7\n66.6\n69.8\n46.3\n63.2\nLicensee\t\nTotal \t\nPrince Rupert \u2014\nLicensee\t\nTotal \t\nPrince George \u2014\nLicensee\t\nTotal \t\nCariboo \u2014\nLicensee\t\nTotal \t\nKamloops \u2014\nLicensee\t\nTotal \t\nNelson \u2014\nLicensee\t\nTotal \t\nProvincial totals \u2014\n117,728.6\n41,810.7\n159,539.3\n85,503.7\n23,836.6\n109,340.3\n32,224.9\n17,974.1\n50,199\n72.6\n57.0\n68.5\nLicensee\t\nTotal \t\n'Vancouver data incomplete (no licensee report).\naNote - Date of denudation varies considerably on areas examined, hence time for establishment of natural regeneration also varies. This is simply an indication of natural\nstocking not showing denudation. No inference can be made between Regions or Agencies under stocking columns.\nTable 7       1978, Cone Collections (hectolitres) \u2014 Forest Service\nSpecies\nForest Regions\nSpecies\nTotal\n%\nVane.\nPr. Rpt.\nPr. Geo.\nCariboo\nKamloops\nNelson\nDouglas Fir\n37.8\n1028.4\n472.0\n1538.2\n43.9\nWestern Hemlock\n61.4\n31.0\n2.7\n95.1\n2.7\nMountain Hemlock\n7.3\n7.3\nnegl.\nAmabilis Fir\n239.1\n25.9\n239.1\n6.8\nGrand Fir\n136.6\n105.5\n242.1\n6.9\nAlpine Fir\n3.6\n114.0\n98.0\n206.0\n447.5\n12.8\nSitka Spruce\n3.0\n3.0\nnegl.\nInterior Spruce\n1.0\n68.2\n49.4\n118.6\n3.4\nWestern Red Cedar\n49.0\n12.4\n0.6\n15.6\n14.0\n91.6\n2.6\nYellow Cedar\n29.4\n29.4\n0.8\nLodgepole Pine\n4.0\n32.7\n407.6\n78.0\n4.0\n526.3\n15.0\nPonderosa Pine\n6.8\n43.0\n4.3\n64.1\n1.8\nWhite Pine\n9.6\n9.6\n0.3\nWhitebark Pine\n7.0\n7.0\nnegl.\nWestern Larch\n82.0\n82.0\n2.3\nBirch\nTotals\n0.9\n0.9\nnegl.\n581.8\n69.3\n147.3\n414.4\n1341.2\n947.8\n3501.8\n Table 8       Seed Orchards Established as of 1978\n43\nSeed\nOrchard\n#\nAgency\nDate(s) Est.\ni.e. Graft'd\nor planted\nOrchard\nSeed Ore\nnard\njn Area\nType of\nOrchard\nPresent\nOrchard\nSize\/ha\nSeed Production (kg)\nSeed Utilizati\n1978\nAccumulated\nto Dec. 31\/78\nLocation\nSpp.*\nSeed Zone\nElev. Band\nCoastal Region\n1\nB.C.F.S.\n1963\nCampbell R.\nF\n1020\n450-610\nClonal\n+\nSeedlings (OP.+C.P.)\"\n6.6\n5.530\n16.365\n2\nTahsis \"A\"\n1962-69\nGold R.\nF\n1010\n0-450\nClonal\n2.2\n\u2014\n0.460\n3\nB.C.F.P.\n1963-64\nCaycuse\nF\n1010-1020\n400-660\nClonal\n1.8\n\u2014\n\u2014\n4\nCrown Zellerbach\n1964-65\nCourtenay\nF\n1020-1030\n0-450\nClonal\n1.8\n\u2014\n0.250\n5\nCrown Zellerbach\n1964-65\nNanaimo L.\nF\n1020-1030\n450+\nClonal\n1.8\n0.750\n0.905\n6\nRayonier\n1964-65\nGordon R.\nF\n1010-1020\n450\nClonal\n4.1\n\u2014\n0.233\n7\nTahsis \"B\"\n1964-68\nGold R.\nF\n1010\n450+\nClonal\n1.8\n\u2014\n0.254\n8\nTahsis Local\n1968-75\nGold R.\nF\n1010\nNootka PSYU\nonly.\n0-910\nClonal\n2.3\n0.018\n9\nPacific Logging\n1964\nSaanich\nF\n1020\n0-450\nClonal\n+\nSeedlings (O.P.)\n1.8\n\u2014\n\u2014\n_\n0.960\n1.981\n10\nPacific Logging\n1964\nSaanich\nF\n1020\n550\nClonal\n3.4\n22.365\n40.710\n11\nTahsis \"C\"\n1968-75\nSaanich\nF\n1010\nLow Coastal\n0-450\nClonal\n+\nSeedlings (C.P.+O.P.)\n4.9\n25.250\n59.535\n12\nRayonier\n1968\nJordan R.\nF\n1010-1020\nSeedlings (O.P.)\n0.4\n\u2014\n\u2014\n13\nRayonier\n1969\nPt. McNeill\nF\n1010-1020\nSeedlings (O.P.)\n0.4\n\u2014\n\u2014\n14\nB.C.F.S.\n1970\nDuncan\nF\n1040, 1050, 1060\n450-640\nSeedlings (O.P.)\n4.5\n11.270\n25.923\n15\nB.C.F.S.\n1971\nCampbell R.\nF\n1030\n0-300\nSeedlings (O.P.)\n+ Clonal\n4.9\n0.425\n0.425\n16\nCanadian Forest Prod.\n1971\nSechelt\nF\n1020\n450-610\nClonal\n2.4\n\u2014\n0.095\n17\nTahsis\n1969-70\nGold R.\nHw\n1010\n0-910\nClonal\n1970-75\nGold R.\nHw\n1010\n0.910\n+ Seedlings (O.P.)\n3.7\n\u2014\n\u2014\n18\nTahsis\n1973\nSaanich\nSs\n1010\n0-450\nClonal\n0.8\n1.710\n2.594\n19\nB.C.F.S.\n1977\nChilliwack\nSw\nSeedling\n1.6\n\u2014\n\u2014\n20\nB.C.F.S.\n1975\nSaanich\nF\n1050, 1060, 1070\n760-1070\nSeedlings (O.P.)\n+ Clonal\n7.4\n\u2014\n\u2014\n21\nPacific Logging\n1976\nSaanich\nF\n1020\n550\nSeedling (CP.)\n6.0\n\u2014\n\u2014\n22\nMacMillan Bloedel Ltd.\n1976-78\nHarmac\nF\nDry\nMid.\nClonal\n1.2\n\u2014\n\u2014\n23\nMacMillan Bloedel Ltd.\n1976-78\nHarmac\nF\nWet\nMid.\nClonal\n1.0\n\u2014\n\u2014\n24\nMacMillan Bloedel Ltd.\n1976\nHarmac\nF\nDry\nLow\nClonal\n0.5\n\u2014\n\u2014\n25\nMacMillan Bloedel Ltd.\n1976\nHarmac\nF\nWet\nLow\nClonal\n1.0\n\u2014\n\u2014\nTotals\n- Coastal Re\ngion Orchards\n68.3\n68.260\n149.748\nCentral Interior Region\n200\nB.C.F.S.\n1974\nRed Rock\nPI\n6050-6060\nClonal\n4.4\n\u2014\n\u2014\n201\nB.C.F.S.\n1978\nRed Rock\nPI\n7030\nClonal\n1.7\n\u2014\n\u2014\n202\nB.C.F.S.\n1978\nRed Rock\nPI\n6010-310\n0\nClonal\n3.2\n\u2014\n\u2014\nTotals\n- Central Int\nirior Region Orchards\n9.3\n-\n-\n\"F- Douglas Fir\nHw - Western Hemlock\nSs - Sitka Spruce\nPI - Lodgepole\n* O.P. - seedlings resulting from\nopen pollination\nCP. - seedlings resulting from\ncontrolled pollination\nNote: Pacific Logging Seed Orchards are for reforestation in Private Lands.\n 44\nTable 9       Inventory of Seed in Storage, 1978, By Forest Region\n(Quantity in Grams (g)1)\nSpecies\nVancouver\nPrince\nRupert\nPrince\nGeorge\nCariboo\nKamloops\nNelson\nTotals\nDouglas-fir\t\nWestern hemlock \t\nEngelmann\/White spruce .\nSitka spruce   \t\nLodgepole pine \t\nMountain hemlock  \t\nAbies amabilis   \t\nAbies lasiocarpa\t\nAbies grandis  \t\nRed Cedar\t\nPonderosa pine   \t\nWestern larch  \t\nMiscellaneous\t\nTotals\n5,559,920\n179,360\n66,400\n213,640\n4,720\n14,250\n276,950\n38,250\n48,380\n2,190\n3,310\n106,750\n33,600\n1,194,720\n455,450\n570,130\n117,180\n1,653,250\n643,720\n6,350\n950,710\n258,450\n239,360\n6,840\n010\n1,183,340\n5,000\n431,060\n862,670\n158,260\n59,580\n504,580\n21,840\n4,570\n1,993,140\n7,190\n1,380,351\n1,097,200\n450\n2,070\n7,630\n97,370\n55,480\n17,440\n9,911,040\n225,150\n4,984,231\n669,090\n3,417,800\n14,250\n276,950\n171,900\n40,320\n137,300\n630,850\n77,320\n32,690\n6,407,370\n2,427,860\n1,455,370\n4,658,321\n20,561,891\n' Including seed collected by forest companies\nTotal seed native species\t\nTotal seed exotic species\t\n.20,561,891\n63,490\nGrand total seed in storage   20,625,381\nTable 10       Seed Processed from 1978 Cone Crop, (Grams)1, Forest Service and\nCompanies, by Forest Regions\nPrince\nPrince\nSpecies\nVancouver\nRupert\nGeorge\nCariboo\nKamloops\nNelson\nTotals\nDouglas Fir\n261106\n\u2014\n\u2014\n5360\n757205\n434440\n1458111\nWestern Hemlock\n130063\n82760\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n212823\nMountain Hemlock\n1590\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n1590\nSpruce (Int)\n220\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n36275\n44600\n81095\nSitka Spruce\n4165\n3500\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n7665\nLodgepole Pine\n\u2014\n5930\n3630\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n9560\nYellow Cedar\n22627\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n_\n22627\nBalsam\n139975\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n105460\n245435\nWestern Red Cedar\n73490\n17630\n885\n\u2014\n20065\n23640\n135710\nYellow Pine\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n12620\n124280\n\u2014\n136900\nLarch\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n66910\n66910\nMiscellaneous\nTotals\n2060\n\u2014\n-\n\u2014\n-\n13860\n15920\n635296\n109820\n4515\n17980\n937825\n688910\n2394346 g.\n1 Total seed extracted to 19th January 1979. Processing of 1978 cone crop incomplete at time of preparing this report.\nSeed sown in 1978:1236759 g.\n 45\nTable 11       Forest Service Nurseries - Inventory August 1978\n(Thousands of Trees)\nStock Type\nBareroot\nContainer\nNursery\n1 +0\n2 + 0<1>\nTransplant\nStyroblock\nOther(2)\nCampbell River\n6199\n5731\n2277\n280\n34\nKoksilah\n4140\n2278\n648\n4508\n640\nGreen Timbers (Whally)\n5981\n1605\n547\n5615\n250\nSurrey\n26312\n10143\n3071\n9549\nChilliwack River\n7740\n9712\n1648\nSkimikin (Tappen)\n7574\n5825\n1738\n2151\nVernon\n2898\nRed Rock\n10025\n10269\n2058\n412\nTelkwa\n965\n849\n265\nHarrop\n250\nForest Region\nVancouver\n18196\n10188\n4126\n9340\n782\nPrince George\n30668\n15969\n2189\n4865\n82\nPrince Rupert\n7015\n1915\n1160\n2081\n60\nKamloops\n3942\n5514\n2368\n3682\nCariboo\n6588\n8681\n1508\n1419\nNelson\nProvincial Total\n2527\n4145\n901\n4226\n68936\n46412\n12252\n25663\n924\n(1 'includes transplantables, i.e. small plantables mainly 4\" - 6\" Spruce\n(Mother containers include Spencer Lemaire Trays, Walter's bullets, etc.\nTable 12       Nursery Inventory by Species - August 1978\n(Thousands of Trees)\nStock Type\nBareroot\nContainers\nSpecies\n1 +0\n2 + 0\nTransplants\nStyroblocks\nOthers\nDouglas Fir - coast\n16151\n6855\n1498\n94\n168\nDouglas Fir - interior\n3067\n5701\n2093\n602\nSitka Spruce\n1266\n1573\n1318\n689\nEngelmann Spruce\n306\n4112\n588\n3082\nInterior Spruce\n42316\n24258\n3991\n7216\n35\nLodgepole Pine\n4308\n2358\n1447\n5495\n47\nWestern Hemlock\n13\n7066\nMountain Hemlock\n490\nWestern Red Cedar\n750\n489\n205\n87\n640\nYellow Cedar\n54\n85\n5\n4\n34\nAmabalis Fir\n420\n564\n509\n236\nGrand Fir\n218\n339\n265\n36\nWestern Larch\n428\nYellow Pine\n40\n42\n128\nOther Species\n1\n38\n18\n10\nProvincial Total\n68936\n46412\n12252\n25663\n924\n 46\nTable 13       Summary of Spring 1978 Sowing\n(Thousands of Trees)\nStock Type\nBareroot\nContainers\nSpecies\n1 +0\n2 + 0\nTransplants\nStyroblock\nOthers\nTotals\n%\nDouglas Fir - coastal\n7614\n8398\n681\n105\n180\n16978\n17.4\nDouglas Fir - interior\n149\n1840\n259\n774\n3022\n3.1\nSitka Spruce\n1506\n317\n763\n2586\n2.7\nInterior Spruce\n904\n33509\n7835\n10267\n50\n52565\n54.4\nLodgepole Pine\n168\n3263\n608\n5062\n50\n9151\n9.4\nWestern Hemlock\n10\n15\n9018\n9043\n9.3\nMountain Hemlock\n553\n553\n0.6\nWestern Red Cedar\n22\n425\n263\n70\n640\n1420\n1.5\nYellow Cedar\n10\n60\n4\n40\n114\n0.1\nAmabalis Fir\n227\n159\n386\n0.4\nGrand Fir\n71\n83\n103\n257\n0.3\nWestern Larch\n458\n458\n0.5\nYellow Pine\n3\n134\n137\n0.1\nOther Species\nProvincial Total\n2\n81\n95\n178\n0.2\n8872\n49118\n10333\n27565\n960\n96848\n100%\nTable 14       Summary of Basic Data for Certified Tree-Farms \u2014 1978\n(Private Sustained-Yield Units Over Crown-Granted Lands)\n(Included Within Tree Farm Licences)\nForest\nRegion\nNumber of\nTree-Farms\nProductive Area (Acres)\nTotal\nArea\n(Acres)\nAllowable Annual Cut or\nEstimated Productive\nCapacity (Cunits)\nMature\nImmature\nN.S.R.\nand\nN.C.C.\nTotal\nVancouver\nPrince George\nNelson\nTotal\n14\n1\n2\n59,803\n33\n494\n278,733\n1,043\n4,719\n30,238\n145\n4,394\n368,774\n1,221\n9,607\n407,852\n1,280\n10,158\n368,445\n458\n4,312\n17\n60,330\n284,495\n34,777\n379,602\n419,290\n373,215\nNot Included Within Tree Farm Licences\nVancouver\nNelson\nTotal\nGrand Totals\n22\n10\n96,412\n102,804\n346,491\n224,491\n37,283\n92,492\n480,186\n419,787\n522,103\n488,973\n438,103\n(1000)\n151,810\n(292,293)\n32\n199,216\n570,982\n129,775\n899,973\n1,011,076\n589,913\n(293,293)\n49\n259,546\n855,477\n164,552\n1,279,575\n1,430,366\n963,128\n(293,293)\nFigures in parentheses ( ) are Christmas Trees\nTable 15       Summary of Basic Data for Farm Woodlot Licences \u20141978\n(Private Sustained-Yield Units)\nNumber of\nDroductive Area (Acres\nTotal\nAllowable\nForest\nFarm Woodlot\nArea\nAnnual Cut\nRegion\nLicences\nCrown\nPrivate\nTotal\n(Acres)\n(Cunits)\nVancouver\n10\n1,433\n158\n1,591\n2,072\n706\nPrince Rupert\n4\n1,274\n147\n1,421\n2,436\n284\nPrince George\n5\n1,169\n\u2014\n1,169\n1,272\n500\nCariboo\n10\n2,915\n242\n3,157\n4,911\n720\nKamloops\n2\n371\n96\n467\n467\n163\nNelson\n4\n1,359\n617\n1,976\n2,071\n267\nGrand Totals\n35\n8,521\n1,260\n9,781\n13,229\n2,640\n 47\nTable 16       Summary of Basic Data for Tree-Farm Licences (Private Sustained-Yield Units) 1978\n5 Year\nProductive Area (Acres)\nAllowable\nT.F.L. Number\nWorking Plan\nLicensee\nTotal\nTotal Area\nAnnual Cut\n&Name\nPeriod\nSchedule B\nSchedule A\n(Acres)\n(Cunits)\nVancouver Region\n* 2 Duncan Bay\n1975-79\nCrown Zellerbach Canada Ltd.\n260,644\n144,288\n404,932\n473,193\n214,640\n6 Quatsino\n1976-80\nRayonier Canada (B.C.) Limited\n295,170\n60,365\n355,535\n420,134\n417,000\n7 Salmon River\n1977-81\nMacMillan Bloedel Limited\n117,514\n58,012\n175,526\n194,602\n185,000\n10Toba\n1975-79\nTimberland Development Co. Ltd.\n94,241\n611\n94,852\n574,279\n63,300\n12Hardwicke\n1974-79\nCrown Zellerbach (Hardwicke Island) Limited\n19,935\n1,641\n21,576\n23,404\n25,000\n17 Knight Inlet\n1978-82\nBritish Columbia Forest Products Limited\n117,933\n578\n118,511\n681,435\n66,200\n19 Tahsis\n1977-81\nTahsis Company Ltd.\n260,095\n18,708\n278,803\n473,138\n349,500\n20 Tofino\n1973-79\nMacMillan Bloedel Industries Ltd.\n214,849\n141,243\n356,092\n426,371\n383,120\n21 Alberni\n1973-79\nMacMillan Bloedel Industries Ltd.\n273,206\n206,693\n533,899\n638,050\n683,420\n22 Maquinna\n1978-82\nBritish Columbia Forest Products Limited\n321,529\n52,697\n374,226\n412,330\n392,200\n\u202225 Naka\n1977-May20, 1979\nRayonier Canada (B.C.) Limited\n158,624\n66,509\n225,133\n361,308\n184,358\n26 Mission Municipal\n1974-July21,1979\nCorp. of the District of Mission\n13,260\n2,934\n16,194\n18,957\n11,400\n27 Nitinat\n1970-Oct. 19, 1979\nBritish Columbia Forest Products Limited\n29,363\n2,708\n32,071\n35,870\n40,639\n36 Cordero\n1978-Dec.22, 1980\nBritish Columbia Forest Products Limited\n21,404\n5,737\n27,141\n28,656\n33,000\n37 Nimpkish\n1976-Dec. 31,1980\nCanadian Forest Products Ltd.\n242,555\n92,211\n334,766\n465,031\n387,000\n38 Squamish\n1978-June 1,1982\nEmpire Mills Limited\n129,075\n470\n129,545\n541,175\n93,000\n\u202239 Haida\n1976-80\nMacMillan Bloedel Limited\n453,563\n177,549\n631,112\n1,060,028\n648,450\nTotals\n(Est.)\n17\n3,022,960\n1,086,954\n4,109,914\n6,827,961\n4,176,227\nPrince Rupert Region\n1 Port Edward\n1970-78\nCanadian Cellulose Company Limited\n2,288,010\n15,085\n2,303,095\n6,665,920\n720,000\n* 2 Duncan Bay\n1975-79\nCrown Zellerbach Canada Limited\n33,019\n26,892\n59,911\n68,165\n73,360\n24 Moresby\n1974-May 1,1979\nRayonier Canada (B.C.) Limited\n184,781\n7,332\n192,113\n277,909\n154,000\n\u202225 Naka\n1977-May20, 1979\nRayonier Canada (B.C.) Limited\n125,441\n38,365\n163,806\n761,687\n33,142\n\u202239 Haida\n1976-80\nMacMillan Bloedel Limited\n435,349\n101,567\n536,916\n734,941\n530,550\n(Est.)\n41 Kitimat\nTotals\n1975-79\nEurocan Pulp & Paper Company Limited\n602,219\n\u2014\n602,219\n2,526,261\n200,000\n6\n3,668,819\n189,241\n3,858,060\n11,034,883\n1,711,052\nKamloops Region\n9 Okanagan West\n1972-79\nCrown Zellerbach Canada Limited\n178,532\n1,686\n180,218\n195,981\n74,300\n15lnkaneep\n1974-79\nNorthwood Properties Ltd.\n113,133\n160\n113,293\n120,261\n25,800\n16 Monte Lake\n1974-79\nCrown Zellerbach Canada Limited\n120,172\n\u2014\n120,172\n128,101\n45,200\n18 Clearwater\n1977-81\nClearwater Timber Products Limited\n166,912\n\u2014\n166,912\n183,404\n74,000\n32 Rolean\n1975-June28, 1980\nCrown Zellerbach Canada Limited\n31,327\n\u2014\n31,327\n33,494\n12,000\n33 Sicamous\n1975-79\nFederated Co-operatives Limited\n20,566\n\u2014\n20,566\n21,032\n10,055\n35 Jamieson Creek\nTotals\n1974-78\nWeyerhaeuser Canada Ltd.\n92,129\n\u2014\n92,129\n97,650\n31,950\n7\n722,771\n1,846\n724,617\n779,923\n273,305\nNelson Region\n3 Little Slocan\n1973-78\nSlocan Forest Products Ltd.,\n109,925\n\u2014\n109,925\n196,951\n44,600\n8 Boundary Creek\n1974-79\nPope & Talbot Ltd.\n179,569\n\u2014\n179,569\n192,136\n53,250\n13 Bull River\n1974-Nov. 26, 1980\nGalloway Lumber Company Limited\n51,112\n485\n51,597\n92,270\n9,500\n14Spillimacheen\n1974-79\nCrestbrook Forest Industries Ltd.\n118,043\n1,000\n119,043\n344,749\n40,800\n23 Arrow Lakes\nTotals\n1972-79\nCanadian Cellulose Company Limited\n930,515\n37,245\n967,760\n2,518,737\n415,000\n5\n1,389,164\n38,730\n1,427,894\n3,344,843\n563,150\nCariboo Region\n5 Mackenzie-\n1975-79\nWeldwood of Canada Limited\n81,196\n695\n81,891\n85,047\n43,930\nCariboo\nPrince George Region\n30 Northwood\n1976-June2,1980\nNorthwood Pulp Limited\n390,929\n1,725\n392,654\n447,946\n155,720\nGrand Totals\n34\n9,275,839\n1,319,191\n10,595,030\n22,520,603\n6,923,384\n\" Tree Farm Licences 2,25 and 39 are partly\nwithin the Vancouver Region and partly within the Print\ne Rupert Rec\nion\nSchedule \"B\" is vacant Crown Land\nSchedule \"A\" is land for which the Tree-fa\nrm Licence holder has cutting rights other than those\nconveyed by\nthe Tree-farn\ni Licence Ag\neement. This\nmay include\nlands held in fee simple or ten-\nporary tenures; e.g., Timber leases, licences and berths\nFollowing re\nnovalofthem\nature timber,\nands held und\ner temporary\ntenure are transferred to Sch\n3dule \"B\"\n 48\nTable 17       Average Stumpage Prices Received by Species and Forest Region on Timber Scaled from\nTree-Farm Licence Cutting Permits During 1978\nDouglas Fir\nCedar\nSpruce\nHemlock\nForest Region\nVolume\nPrice\nPrice Range\nVolume\nPrice\nPrice Range\nVolume\nPrice\nPrice Range\nVolume\nPrice\nPrice Range\nCunits\nPer\nCunit\nPer Cunit\nCunits\nPer\nCunit\nPer Cunit\nCunits\nPer\nCunit\nPer Cunit\nCunits\nPer\nCunit\nPer Cunit\n$\n$\n$\n$\n$\n$\n$\n$\nVancouver\n220,725\n12.65\n2.00-27.10\n616,644\n32.99\n4.11-51.92\n30,263\n27.23\n2.00 - 53.65\n1,128,693\n5.09\n2.00-10.03\nPrince Rupert\n51\n4.55\n3.90-   5.48\n140,736\n25.94\n.55-33.66\n120,922\n18.27\n.55 - 32.76\n437,713\n2.36\n.55-   4.04\nPrince George\n3,546\n38.49\n1.10-42.50\n2\n5.96\n1.10-14.90\n115,901\n22.16\n1.10-39.70\n69\n2.31\n1.10-14.90\nCariboo\n20,029\n33.73\n18.30-55.40\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n9,730\n21.65\n7.20 - 47.80\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\nKamloops\n42,788\n19.61\n1.10-50.90\n2,503\n12.02\n1.10-42.20\n80,835\n17.02\n1.10-33.20\n5,015\n2.57\n1.10-14.90\nNelson\nAll Regions\n29,903\n19.34\n1.10-51.30\n65,753\n26.78\n1.10-54.50\n76,473\n13.73\n1.10-37.70\n95,623\n1.15\n1.10-27.30\n317,042\n15.83\n1.10-55.40\n825,638\n31.23\n.55-54.50\n434,124\n18.97\n.55-53.65\n1,667,113\n4.13\n.55 - 27.30\nBalsa\nm\nLodgepol\n3 Pine\nWhite Pine\nLarch\nForest Region\nVolume\nPrice\nPrice Range\nVolume\nPrice\nPrice Range\nVolume\nPrice\nPrice Range\nVolume\nPrice\nPrice Range\nCunits\nPer\nCunit\nPer Cunits\nCunits\nPer\nCunit\nPer Cunit\nCunits\nPer\nCunit\nPer Cunit\nCunits\nPer\nCunit\nPer Cunit\n$\n$\n$\n$\n$\n$\n$\n$\nVancouver\n614,416\n5.24\n2.00-10.60\n203\n4.92\n1.40-   6.03\n8,025\n3.77\n1.62-     8.77\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\nPrince Rupert\n94,678\n1.95\n.55-   6.80\n10,579\n1.67\n.55-   2.10\n1\n2.00\n2.00\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\nPrince George\n30,227\n4.13\n1.10-14.90\n7,909\n8.21\n1.10-19.90\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\nCariboo\n1,606\n5.31\n1.10-22.60\n5,508\n14.35\n3.70 - 35.00\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\nKamloops\n36,410\n2.65\n1.10-19.10\n98,790\n6.23\n1.10-22.40\n1,543\n18.84\n1.10-123.40\n2,864\n19.55\n1.10-43.30\nNelson\n38,208\n2.84\n1.10-38.20\n72,237\n4.59\n1.10-38.20\n18,010\n59.75\n1.10-117.10\n8,827\n17.60\n1.10-40.80\nAll Regions\n815,545\n4.58\n.55 - 38.20\n195,226\n5.68\n.55 - 38.20\n27,579\n41.16\n1.10-123.40\n11,691\n18.07\n1.10-43.30\nOther Species\nAll Species\nForest Region\nVolume\nPrice\nPrice Range\nVolume\nPrice\nPrice Range\nCunits\nPer\nCunit\nPer Cunit\nCunits\nPer\nCunit\nPer Cunits\n$\n$\n$\n$\nVancouver\n80,192\n35.72\n5.97-41.73\n2,699,161\n13.36\n1.40-   53.65\nPrince Rupert\n17,426\n29.44\n.50 - 39.75\n822,106\n9.25\n.50-   39.75\nPrince George\n13\n3.28\n1.10-   6.80\n157,667\n18.36\n1.10-   42.50\nCariboo\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n36,873\n26.41\n1.10-   55.40\nKamloops\n198\n7.32\n1.10-35.40\n270,946\n11.26\n1.10-123.40\nNelson\nAll Regions\n2,096\n27.88\n1.10-38.20\n407,130\n12.84\n1.10-117.10\n99,925\n34.39\n.50-41.73\n4,393,883\n12.70\n.50-123.40\n Table 18      Summary of Basic Data for PSYU's \u2014 1978\n49\nForest Region\nDate\nMature\nProductive Area (acres)\nTotal\nTotal Area\nAllowable\nVolume\nand Unit Name\nof\nVolume\nProductive\n(Including\nAnnual\nCommitment\nScaled\nSurvey\n(cunits)\nMature\nImmature\n(Includes\nNSR & NCC)\nNon-Forest\nacres)\nCut\n(Cunits)\n(Cunits)\nVancouver 1\nDewdney\n1974\n43,647,860\n517,197\n381,064\n990.736\n1.792,885\n559,560\n486,683\n540,294\nKingcome\n1966,69,71,74\n89,555,950\n1,045,657\n243,680\n1,322,563\n2.706,047\n603,000\n433,195\n419,304\nNootka\n1969\n60,098,260\n579,441\n64,101\n663,877\n786.629\n413,000\n413.000\n427.861\nQuadra\n1962,66,67,69\n49,153,860\n561,777\n682,917\n1,336,518\n2,855,229\n776,000\n740.844\n609,827\nSoo\n1975\n26,427,300\n316,884\n188,773\n525,555\n1,476,440\n206,500\n206,500\n214,480\nVancouver\nRegional Total\n1970\n13,279,340\n135,920\n152,269\n319,576\n550,367\n179,240\n122,077\n117,432\n282.162,570\n3,156,876\n1,712,804\n5,158,825\n10,167,597\n2,737,300\n2,402,299\n2.329.193\nPrince Rupert\n(Coast 1)\nDean\n1962,63,68\n62,424,590\n881,134\n80,045\n968,273\n3,916,986\n517,080\n228.144\n123.072\nHecate\n1964,65\n100,823,060\n1,558,329\n100,615\n1,695,026\n4,228,235\n745,840\n179,947\n63,899\nQueen Charlotte\n1967\n60,619,620\n945,266\n76,508\n1.026,867\n1,346,809\n379,240\n207,407\n158,625\nRivers Inlet\nRegional Sub Tota\n1968\n67,879,520\n841,139\n52,660\n913,938\n1,966,175\n471,920\n319,986\n77,523\n291,746.790\n4,225,868\n309,828\n4,604,104\n11,458,205\n2,114,080\n935,484\n423,119\nPrince Rupert\n(Interior 2)\nBabine\n1974\n37,136,390\n1,057,695\n397,114\n1,582,527\n2,098,082\n423,500\n227,942\n315,732\nBell Irving\n1973\n18,147,930\n279,081\n14,871\n326.576\n1,580,988\n125,000\n\u2014\n12,110\nBurns Lake\n1976\n17,562,542\n580,818\n372,096\n973,787\n7,088,508\n264,030\n264,030\n260,977\nMorice\n1972\n28,082,330\n577,640\n220,646\n861,367\n1,420,877\n280,710\n196,636\n95,949\nOotsa\n1976\n45,780.314\n1,273,461\n669,101\n1,971.590\n2,670,493\n632,780\n540,799\n258,591\nSkeena\n1976\n109,284,630\n1,667,251\n368,038\n2,094,392\n3,914,904\n1,006,591\n508.883\n458,643\nSmithers\n1976\n31,643,984\n759,351\n246,077\n1,019,938\n1,439,369\n315,110\n263.222\n234.719\nSub Total\nRegional Total\n287,638,120\n6.195,297\n2,287,943\n8,830,177\n14,213,221\n3,047,721\n2,001,512\n1,636,721\n579,384,910\n10,421,165\n2,597,771\n13,434,281\n25,671,426\n5,161,801\n2,936,996\n2,059,840\nPrince George 2\nBig Valley-Blk. 1\n1969\n7,219,620\n156,251\n16,222\n183,653\n199,645\n83,304\n82,195\n93,434\nBlueberry\n1964\n13,404,870\n464,110\n1,090,513\n1,919,971\n2,748,392\n293,000\n189.650\n171,584\nCanoe\n1974\n10,342,650\n209,023\n86,371\n315,290\n877,262\n76,000\n67.867\n43,749\nCarp\n1973\n32,074,080\n672,293\n555,401\n1,293,397\n1,486,602\n419,500\n291,114\n273,113\nCrooked River\n1973\n15,964,450\n322,340\n222,651\n593,366\n669,724\n186,230\n178,472\n149,143\nFinlay\n1972\n93,607,370\n3,566,573\n1,866,840\n5,897,187\n11,652,835\n1,212,000\n1,060,600\n748,612\nFontas\n1969,70\n3,302,310\n100,405\n734,933\n1,079,038\n2,699,016\n159,800\n77,990\n\u2014\nFort Nelson\n1968\n14,704,830\n477,637\n1,444,501\n2,188,252\n4,751,019\n370,050\n253.502\n257,824\nKluskus\n1975\n11,886,760\n442,611\n338.182\n781,591\n952,807\n120,500\n63.825\n54,157\nKotcho\n1969.70\n3,902,420\n145,403\n1,865,709\n3,079,616\n5,513,175\n92,700\n\u2014\n34,729\nLiard\n1972,73\n46,140,920\n1,831,848\n1,806,479\n4,287.324\n7,505,413\n480.700\n144.035\n42,157\nLongworth\n1971\n31,980,410\n742,778\n72,015\n853.565\n1,215.095\n295.030\n230,235\n147.311\nMoberly\n1970\n20,738,420\n700.688\n650,821\n1,491,486\n1.889.393\n292.719\n135,209\n116,919\nMonkman\n1966\n23,751,650\n693,610\n32,716\n747.086\n1,353,615\n205,340\n156.560\n159,081\nNaver\n1969\n6,669,060\n145,183\n120,771\n303,502\n325,233\n116,972\n115.902\n118,475\nNechako\n1975\n37,046,020\n1,204,042\n769,643\n2.045,504\n2,309.018\n500,500\n501.903\n498,472\nOotsa 4\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n54,452\nParsnip\n1965\n22,973,290\n787,082\n166,187\n1.097,919\n1,475,932\n221.620\n216,370\n195,015\nPeace\n1972\n22,478,140\n738,509\n384,930\n1,210,994\n1,744,883\n252.603\n129,350\n93,112\nPurden\n1967\n16,269,520\n417,234\n74,842\n533,282\n590,461\n174,540\n167,074\n94,491\nRobson\n1974\n12,448,730\n299,533\n162,599\n496,120\n1,317.975\n98,000\n97,783\n73,772\nSikanni\n1971\n1,188,803\n631.083\n1,753,210\n2,617,630\n4.792,926\n250,070\n52,504\n34,112\nStuart Lake\n1970\n25,591.910\n660,216\n496,168\n1,204.637\n1,510,800\n385.000\n189.510\n207,447\nTakla\n1970,71\n48,555,960\n1,301,992\n839,421\n2,235,170\n3,060,611\n642,260\n322,013\n405,662\nWapiti\n1969\n17.486,360\n609,329\n1,290.137\n2,111,420\n2.871,553\n367.315\n104.053\n82.435\nWestlake\n1975\n11,880,590\n329.557\n181,843\n553,842\n588,028\n162,000\n162.000\n179,776\nWillow River\nRegional Total\n1969\n6,293,540\n140,441\n126.129\n301,273\n319,807\n119.130\n118.202\n125,970\n557,902,683\n17.789,771\n17.149.234\n39.422,115\n64,421.220\n7,576.883\n5.107,918\n4,455,007\n 50\nForest Region\nDate\nMature\nProductive Area (acres)\nTotal\nTotal Area\nAllowable\nVolume\nand Unit Name\nof\nVolume\nProductive\n(Including\nAnnual\nCommitment\nScaled\nSurvey\n(cunits)\nMature\nImmature\n(Includes\nNSR & NCC)\nNon-Forest\nacres)\nCut\n(Cunits)\n(Cunits)\nCariboo 2\nBig Bar (Partial)\n1976\n13,563,750\n697,052\n393,498\n1,112,324\n1,350,435\n177,813\n154,833\n110,430\nBig Valley Blk. 2\n1969\n6,006,970\n147,818\n24,417\n182,483\n192,945\n69,390\n68,550\n109,645\nBowron\n1967\n4,013,430\n93,993\n49,179\n150,686\n168,773\n52,020\n51,604\n84,378\nChilko\n1966\n28,648,690\n1,463,453\n1,546,439\n3,120.920\n5,134,347\n253,327\n70,666\n9,769\nCottonwood\n1969\n14,319,160\n312,522\n105,217\n452,808\n480,242\n208,250\n208,250\n240,948\nLac la Hache\n1972\n22,949,580\n792,363\n654,235\n1,524,466\n1,779,099\n337,036\n337,036\n341,727\nNarcosli\n1974\n24,916,820\n1,093,842\n863,651\n2,009,482\n2,176,973\n399,400\n384,014\n462,591\nQuesnel Lake\n1971\n40,952,460\n898,012\n542,380\n1,536,854\n2,073,296\n523,560\n370.974\n381,948\nStum\n1963,66\n23,196,240\n1,490,927\n1,471,337\n3,049,404\n3,590,698\n317,161\n315,231\n241,598\nWilliams Lake\nRegional Total\n1973\n12,383,090\n371,645\n227,843\n671,381\n747,169\n155,400\n143.112\n247,683\n190.950,190\n7,361,627\n5,878,196\n13,810,808\n17,693,977\n2,493,357\n2,104,270\n2,230,717\nKamloops 2\nAdams\n1968\n9,463,770\n225,311\n246,190\n496,335\n584,686\n146,000\n146,000\n199,187\nAshnoia\n1969\n8,273,000\n265,492\n141,504\n422,239\n525,919\n96,194\n90,191\n85,487\nBarriere\n1967\n4,796,280\n120,140\n157,123\n292,190\n326,925\n91,349\n89,781\n96,953\nBarton Hill\n1970\n4,385,540\n125,574\n19,823\n150,036\n162,173\n43,200\n41,663\n28,940\nBig Bar (Partial) 3\n1976\n3,181,610\n166,114\n105,825\n274,433\n323,174\n\u2014\n\u2014\n47,362\nBotanie\n1970\n13,024,100\n526.056\n274,734\n861,654\n1,298,414\n144,370\n131,088\n173,181\nEagle\n1971\n8,326,940\n145,870\n87,784\n254.507\n351,854\n106,170\n96,036\n74,822\nKamloops\n1968\n6,191,360\n284,335\n333,818\n678,963\n805,980\n117,298\n117,298\n111,507\nNehalliston\n1973\n5,968,250\n174,152\n160,477\n347,849\n390,372\n100,000\n100,000\n129,261\nNicola\n1970\n10,282,250\n370,429\n353,464\n815,533\n950,883\n137,359\n134,494\n109,715\nNiskonlith\n1968\n3,420,670\n95,632\n165,003\n277,225\n295,057\n87,940\n80,451\n85,261\nNorth Thompson\n1967\n16,253,360\n351,010\n84,940\n470,385\n983,673\n142,037\n99,628\n127,019\nOkanagan\n1975\n15,246,450\n491,293\n531,859\n1,057,630\n1,269,087\n235,000\n233,488\n372,844\nRaft\n1967\n7,677,310\n192,134\n275,607\n505,395\n557,435\n132,963\n126,439\n119,692\nSalmon Arm\n1975\n1,620,230\n43,646\n122,106\n179,126\n223,080\n48,000\n34,666\n39,494\nShuswap\n1975\n13,465.090\n238,568\n216,901\n517,550\n756,179\n165,000\n133,607\n150,620\nSimilkameen\n1969\n14,640,930\n347,392\n379,260\n781,706\n872,515\n248,116\n226,175\n226,051\nSpallumcheen\n1972\n16,371,610\n350,460\n391,030\n783,094\n980,584\n322,116\n290,966\n322,186\nYalakom\nRegional Total\n1977\n18,854,849\n568,112\n295,419\n901,286\n1,845,107\n231,751\n180,689\n93,117\n181.443,599\n5.081,720\n4,342,867\n10.067,136\n13,503,097\n2,594,863\n2,352,660\n2,592,699\nNelson 2\nArrowhead\n1962\n5,070,520\n111,907\n81,194\n201,181\n509,020\n60,000\n46,774\n53,437\nCranbrook\n1964\n11,566,660\n299,849\n767,016\n1.219,401\n1,725,800\n248,333\n230,367\n216,612\nCreston\n1973\n4,508,450\n122,347\n362,296\n516,499\n678,721\n103,000\n103,000\n172,886\nEdgewood\n1967\n3,316,650\n96,993\n150,704\n262,074\n297,938\n71,050\n70,725\n84,014\nFernie\n1973\n7,127,870\n223,221\n458,176\n755,327\n1,337,504\n200,200\n191,796\n274,670\nGranby\n1967\n3,687,370\n96,684\n382,180\n504,008\n643,186\n115,712\n88,106\n90,149\nKettle\n1963\n5,175,690\n189,863\n510,428\n763,124\n822,487\n145,375\n135,466\n148,251\nKinbasket\n1968\n23,533,800\n409,753\n328,076\n787,514\n2,287,243\n310,250\n256,566\n291,175\nLardeau\n1969\n19,027,060\n373,337\n500,198\n931,866\n1,827,754\n366,160\n164,877\n100,562\nNakusp\n1967\n3,967,070\n81,502\n93,546\n192,992\n311,847\n62,929\n49,199\n54,878\nSalmo\n1974\n3,206,220\n72,341\n351,277\n449,664\n630,029\n113,500\n102,662\n116,538\nSlocan\n1967\n3,423,440\n84,076\n197,572\n301,981\n517,862\n86,505\n71,524\n61,667\nUpper Kootenay\n1965\n12,136,370\n343,012\n371,207\n757,244\n1,260,615\n166,505\n166,505\n289,584\nWindermere\nRegional Total\nTotal for Province\n1974\n4,636,520\n132,787\n231,148\n377,796\n806,237\n63,400\n64,826\n54,950\n110,383,690\n2,637,672\n4,785,018\n8,020,671\n13,656,243\n2,117,919\n1,742,393\n2,009,373\n1,902,227,642\n46,448,831\n36,465,890\n89,913,836\n145,113,560\n22,682,123\n16,646,536\n15,676,834\n1 -9.1\" + d.b.h.\n2-7.1\" + d.b.h.\n3 - See Cariboo for commitment and a\nowable annual cu\n4 - See Prince Rupert for balance\n 51\nTable 19       Average BID Stumpage Prices by Species and Forest Regions on Cutting Permits of Timber\nSale Harvesting Licences and Timber Sales Issued During 1978 Per Cunit Log Scale\nDouglas Fi\nr\nCedar\nSpruce\nForest Region\nVolume\nPrice\nPrice\nVolume\nPrice\nPrice\nVolume\nPrice\nPrice\nCunits\nper\nRange per\nCunits\nper\nRange per\nCunits\nper\nRange per\nCunit\nCunit\nCunit\nCunit\nCunit\nCunit\n$\n$\n$\n$\n$\n$\nVancouver\n318,133\n11.89\n1.70-101.00\n507,960\n35.37\n1.10-103.25\n26,148\n21.22\n2.00-49.40\nPrince Rupert (est)\n20,256\n3.22\n1.10-20.00\n75,712\n17.20\n1.80-62.00\n62,776\n12.38\n2.00 - 37.50\nPrince Rupert (int)\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014       \u2014\n38,708\n20.37\n1.10-64.00\n494,527\n9.75\n1.10-40.10\nPrince George\n58,530\n31.90\n1.10-69.40\n17,227\n11.91\n1.10-59.00\n2,984,495\n16.38\n1.10-47.20\nCariboo\n347,040\n23.93\n1.10-57.70\n64,354\n1.29\n1.10-   3.40\n556.077\n19.58\n1.10-47.70\nKamloops\n483,663\n24,69\n1.10-76.00\n216,691\n26.47\n1.10- 106.00\n632,533\n16.20\n1.10-48.00\nNelson\nTotals for Province\n136,267\n18.69\n1.10-54.70\n176,394\n28.83\n1.10-   63.10\n389,180\n13.17\n1.10-38.40\n1,363,889\n20.90\n1.10-101.00\n1,097,046\n28.40\n1.10-106.00\n5,145,736\n15.79\n1.10-49.40\nForest Region\nVolume\nCunits\nHemlock\nPrice\nper\nCunit\nPrice\nRange per\nCunit\nVolume\nCunits\nBalsam\nPrice\nper\nCunit\nPrice\nRange per\nCunit\nVolume\nCunits\nWhite Pine\nPrice\nper\nCunit\nPrice\nRange per\nCunit\nVancouver\nPrince Rupert (est)\nPrince Rupert (int)\nPrince George\nCariboo\nKamloops\nNelson\nTotals for Province\n$\n.55-60.42\n.55-30.00\n1.10-17.10\n1.10-   4.20\n1.10-   1.10\n1.10-90.00\n1.10-   6.00\n536,797\n76,653\n314,715\n598,887\n127,659\n255,504\n162,018\n$\n4.89\n3.38\n5.14\n6.22\n5.39\n3.42\n2.34\n$\n.55 - 40 00\n.55-   4.80\n1.10-25.60\n.80-31.10\n1.10-37.80\n1.10-76.10\n1.10-36.00\n3,221\n26,669\n53.504\n$\n14.41\n65.99\n62.11\n$\n1.00- 92.10\n3.30-123.90\n1.10-109.30\n736,558\n184,025\n243,983\n7,271\n8,624\n175,394\n104,628\n$\n5.32\n4.34\n1.41\n1.11\n1.10\n2.53\n1.11\n1,460,483\n3.86\n.55 - 90.00\n2,072,233\n4.90\n.55-76.10\n83,394\n61.50\n1.00-123.90\nLodgepole Pine\nLarch\nOther Species\nForest Region\nVolume\nPrice\nPrice\nVolume\nPrice\nPrice\nVolume\nPrice\nPrice\nCunits\nper\nRange per\nCunits\nper\nRange per\nCunits\nper\nRange per\nCunit\nCunit\nCunit\nCunit\nCunit\nCunit\n$\n$\n$\n$\n$\n$\nVancouver\n2,254\n1.69\n.55-20.00\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014   \u2014\n126,812\n31.21\n1.80-104.50\nPrince Rupert (est)\n85\n1.94\n1.70-   2.00\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014   \u2014\n9,071\n11.78\n.55-   30.60\nPrince Rupert (int)\n722,866\n6.43\n1.10-33.00\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014   \u2014\n10,361\n1.47\n1.10-     5.00\nPrince George\n1,640,832\n10.93\n.55-37.60\n68\n1.10\n\u2014   \u2014\n11,685\n1.10\n1.10-   1.10\nCariboo\n934,384\n9.57\n1.10-44.10\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014   \u2014\n325\n3.17\n1.10-     4.10\nKamloops\n822,519\n9.14\n1.10-45.00\n18.882\n34.97\n4.50-75.70\n8,664\n18.52\n1.10-   34.10\nNelson\n416,384\n4.84\n1.10-49.20\n72,568\n20.86\n1.10-45.30\n5,626\n22.54\n1.10-   45.10\nTotals for Province\n4,539,324\n9.04\n.55-49.20\n91,518\n23.75\n1.10-75.70\n172,544\n25.39\n.55-104.50\nForest Region\nVolume\nCunits\nAll Species\nPrice\nper\nCunit\nPrice\nRange per\nCunit\nVancouver\n2,257,883\n$\n14.55\n$\n.55-104.50\nPrince Rupert (est)\nPrince Rupert (int)\nPrince George\nCariboo\n428.578\n1,825,160\n5,318,995\n2,038,463\n7.72\n6.70\n13.65\n14.18\n.55- 62.00\n1.10-   64.00\n.55- 69.40\n1.10-   57.70\nKamloops\nNelson\nTotals for Province\n2,640,519\n1,516,569\n14.89\n13.34\n1.10-123.90\n1.10-109.30\n16,026,167\n13.06\n.55-123.90\n 52\nTable 20       Timber Cut and Billed from Timber Sales and Timber Sale Harvesting Licences -1978\nForest Region\nCunits\nLineal\nFeet\nPosts\nCar\nStakes\nFence\nRails,\nPalings\nSlag\nPoles\nShingle\nShakes\nShake\nBlanks\nVancouver \t\nPrince Rupert (Coast) ...\nPrince Rupert (Interior)  ..\nPrince George   \t\nCariboo   \t\nKamloops   \t\nNelson  \t\nTotals 1978 \t\nTotals 1977 \t\nTotals 1976 \t\nTotals 1975 \t\nTotals 1974 \t\nTotals 1973 \t\nTotals 1972 \t\nTotals 1971  \t\nTotals 1970 \t\nTotals 1969 \t\nTen-year average 1969-78\n2,474,916\n426,542\n1,521,868\n4,349,510\n2,332,370\n2,493,598\n1,650,155\n15,248,959\n16,889,119\n13,731,411\n9,929,328\n10,354,644\n12,419,197\n10,592,009\n9,935,172\n9,004,256\n8,048,571\n3,957,998\n9,699,203\n6,250,091\n40,520\n24,600\n40,042\n1,071\n105,729\n39,365\n97,066\n348,393\n360,843\n172,791\n1,054,761\n1,215,860\n185,850\n390,014\n775,330\n1,918,009\n3,280,599\n11,649\n971\n343\n107\n278\n203\n7,128\n20,679\n5,522\n5,900\n3,131\n3,271\n7,369\n3,815\n5,440\n4,327\n7,046\n1,792\n440\n34,913\n12,458\n14,647\n12,986\n160,635\n237,871\n100,345\n68,078\n210,745\n324,083\n89,629\n35,322\n89,015\n36,720\n103,192\n600\n2,500\n3,100\n4,155\n950\n1,400\n2,100\n4,045\n1,547\n742\n1,253\n3,494\n11,637\n4,998\n16,635\n14,368\n14,372\n18,927\n7,785\n2,441\n61,829\n3,393,881\n199,470\n85,710\n7,200\n3,686,261\n4,657,402\n2,954,787\n2,207,573\n3,278,183\n5,217,017\n4,281,398\n4,423,122\n4,379,241\n5,676,051\n28,512\n24,919\n4,687\n5,756\n16,950\n63,931\n100,252\n322,740\n866,431\n,856,028\n11,615,267\n1,990,729\n970,245\n6,650\n129,500\n2,279\n4,086,103\n329,021\nTable 21       Total Amount of Timber Scale Billed in British Columbia\nDuring the Years 1977 and 1978 in Cunits\nForest Region\n10-Year\nAverage\n1977\n1978\nIncrease\nDecrease\nNet\n1969-1978\nIncrease\nVancouver\n8,456,778\n8,600.829\n9,954,268\n1,353,439\nPrince Rupert (C.)\n1,612,964\n1,484,166\n1,463,081\n21,085\nTotals, Coast   ,\n10,069,742\n10,084,995\n11,417,349\n1,332,354\nPrince Rupert (I.)\n1,405,192\n1,920,180\n1.864,427\n55,753\nPrince George\n4,083,930\n4,763,844\n4,917,746\n153,902\nCariboo\n1,298,341\n2,381,482\n2,637,441\n255,959\nKamloops\n2,801,198\n3,159,614\n3,145,536\n14,078\nNelson\nTotals, Interior\nGrand Totals\n2,102,646\n2,399,514\n2,561,671\n162,157\n11,691,307\n14,624,634\n15,126,821\n502,187\n21,761,049\n24,709,629\n26,544,170\n1,834,541\nTable 22       Total Scale of All Products Billed in 1978 in Cunits\n(Segregated by Land Status and Forest Region)\nli\nLand Status\nVancouver\nPrince Rupert\n(Coast)\nPrince Rupert\n(Interior)\nPrince George\nCariboo\nKamloops\nNelson\nTotals\nTimber Licences\n2,021,167\n197,997\n\u2014\n453\n\u2014\n44,034\n32,230\n2,295,881\nTimber Berths\n80,249\n191 DR\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n45,164\n30,000\n155,222\nTimber Leases\n284,423\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n284,423\nPulp Leases\n215,172\n15,711\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n230,883\nPulp Licences\n44,546\n105,729\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n150,275\nFarm Wood-Lots\n762\n\u2014\n76\n759\n583\n3\n24\n2,207\nTimber Sales\n577,502\n116,122\n223,422\n1,573,915\n1,113,407\n1,240,703\n561,268\n5,406,339\nTimber Sale\n1,897,414\n310,420\n1,298,446\n2,775,595\n1,218,693\n1,252,894\n1,088,887\n9,842,619\nHarvesting Licences\nTree-Farm Licences\n2,768,958\n613,021\n242,760\n155,086\n36,994\n277,624\n412,949\n4,507,392\nBeachcomb, Trespass\n88,229\n8,277\n2,576\n_\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n99,082\nMiscellaneous\nSub-Totals, Crown Lands\n2,271\n\u2014\n336\n114,062\n43,796\n24,303\n15,747\n200,545\n7,980,693\n1,367,086\n1,767,646\n4,619,870\n2,413,743\n2,884,725\n2,141,105\n23,174,868\nFederal Lands\n22,590\n4,897\n7,225\n3,110\n12,303\n10,481\n3,142\n63,748\nCrown Grants to 1887\n1,522,369\n\u2014\n\u2014\n78\n2,200\n50,445\n92,750\n1,667,842\nCrown Grants 1887-1906\n85,031\n33,434\n2,779\n48,845\n7,532\n12,458\n175,510\n365,589\nCrown Grants 1906-1914\n37,096\n6,367\n15.999\n\u2014\n12,329\n43,494\n25,727\n141,012\nCrown Grants to date\n306,489\n51,297\n70.778\n245.843\n189,334\n143,933\n123,437\n1,131.111\n 53\nTable 23      Species Cut (In Cunits) All Products \u2014 1978\nForest Region\nFir\nCedar\nSpruce\nLodgepole\nPine\nHemlock\nBalsam\nWhite\nPine\nVancouver\nPrince Rupert (C.)\nTotals, Coast\nPrince Rupert (Int.)\nPrince George\nCariboo\nKamloops\nNelson\nTotals, Interior\nGrand Totals\n1,592,826\n29,438\n2,132,026\n338,672\n154,700\n242,591\n20,148\n774\n3,687,704\n673,241\n2,019,439\n135,293\n38,794\n17\n1,622,264\n42\n73,293\n596,063\n650,309\n265,253\n2,470,698\n37,401\n28,809\n33,733\n231,730\n372,113\n397,291\n484,043\n2,771,812\n798,505\n832,614\n590,794\n20,922\n661,378\n1,565,783\n1,113,133\n858,855\n662,523\n4,360,945\n334,746\n2,136\n5,344\n129,835\n222,688\n2,154,732\n330,670\n459,517\n104,366\n342,479\n236,025\n38,811\n13\n27,864\n61,983\n1,557,960\n3,180,224\n703,786\n3,174,484\n5,477,768\n5,875,059\n4,861,672\n4,882,594\n694,749\n5,055,694\n1,473,057\n3,627,789\n89,860\n128,671\nForest Region\nYellow\nPine\nCypress\nLarch\nHardwood\nCottonwood\nUnspecified\nTotal\nVancouver\nPrince Rupert (C.)\nTotals, Coast\nPrince Rupert (Int.)\nPrince George\nCariboo\nKamloops\nNelson\nTotals, interior\nGrand Totals\n33\n276,313\n31,287\n-\n3,899\n70\n23,995\n6,860\n4,391\n4,838\n9,954,268\n1,463,081\n33\n547\n31,678\n15,309\n307,600\n434\n53 DR\n20,917\n124,467\n3,969\n110\n2,456\n293\n873\n221\n30,855\n4,332\n1,152\n38\n1,803\n1,446\n9,229\n11,705\n12,828\n12,419\n16,145\n8,849\n11,417,349\n1,864,427\n4,917,746\n2,637,441\n3,145,536\n2,561,671\n47,534\n47,567\n434\n308,034\n145,331\n145,331\n3,953\n7,922\n8,771\n39,626\n61,946\n71,175\n15,126,821\n26,544,170\nTable 24       Acreage Logged 1978\nClear\nSelective\nForest Region\nCutting\nCutting\nTotal\nVancouver\n82,840\n1,493\n84,333\nPrince Rupert\n50,670\n3,111\n53,781\nPrince George\n96,871\n224\n97,095\nCariboo\n45,615\n20,087\n65,702\nKamloops\n41,452\n19,623\n61,075\nNelson\n28,904\n19,489\n48,393\nTotals 1978\n346,352\n64,027\n410,379\n1977\n365,449\n69,322\n434,771\n1976\n329,322\n58,560\n387,882\n1975\n248,333\n47,122\n295,455\n1974\n323,324\n44,488\n367,812\n1973\n368,792\n59,121\n427,913\n1972\n328,553\n48,005\n376,558\n1971\n334,994\n73,039\n408,033\n 54\n-\nTable 25          Total Sale of Christmas Trees Billed 1970-1978\n1978\n1977\n1976\n1975\n1974\n1973\n1972\n1971\n1970\nVancouver\nPrivate\n81,527\n90,129\n77,554\n71,617\n85,413\n81,743\n72,067\n65,043\n77,662\nCrown\n10,173\n14,119\n7,217\n6,926\n4,124\n7,348\n10,985\n2,775\n2.130\nPrince Rupert\nPrivate\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n60\n\u2014\nCrown\n1,600\n600\n495\n500\n500\n\u2014\n500\n375\n\u2014\nPrince George\nPrivate\n833\n60\n444\n677\n645\n185\n3,868\n188\n\u2014\nCrown\n-\n500\n-\n\u2014\n800\n\u2014\n280\n900\n100\nCariboo\nPrivate\n1,201\n6,020\n9.558\n8,020\n12,860\n11,677\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\nCrown\n6.301\n3.866\n23,680\n19.634\n31,486\n28,588\n3,366\n\u2014\n\u2014\nKamloops\nPrivate\n17.864\n32.011\n35,360\n63,057\n76,884\n61,401\n34,883\n83,188\n152.578\nCrown\n500\n12,723\n12,290\n13,829\n10,709\n25,467\n66,716\n77,783\n103,083\nNelson\nPrivate\n302,871\n433.841\n496,343\n505,372\n557,240\n603,533\n457,940\n752,079\n822,322\nCrown\nTotal\nPrivate\n207,926\n195,341\n217,072\n334,010\n210,764\n225.036\n367,056\n448,423\n455,865\n422,296\n562.061\n619.259\n648.743\n733,042\n758.539\n568,758\n900,558\n1.052,562\nCrown\nTotal\n226.500\n227,149\n260.754\n374,899\n258,383\n286,439\n448.903\n530,256\n561,178\n648.796\n789,210\n880.013\n1,023,642\n991.425\n1,044,978\n1,017.661\n1,430,814\n1.613.740\nTable 26       Wc\nod Processing\nPlants of the Province 1\u00a3\n78\n\/\nOperating\nShut Down\n\/ J  \/\n\/                  Sawmills\n\/     Shingle\nMills\n\/       Sawmills           \/      Shingle Mills\nForest Region\n\/ <* A \/A \/ # \/ \/\/\/ \/ \/\/\n\/      st     7   \u00a3   \/   \u00a3   \/         \/     s      \/         \/   \u00a3 \/          \/if\/\n\/            \u00a7        \/      M       \/     J>      \/                 \/         &           \/                  \/    rlS   \/                    \/          \u00bb       7\n\/\/\/\/\/\/\/ \/\/A\/\/\/ \/\/\/ ,\n\/\/\/\/\/\/ A? AAA \/\/\/\n*\/\/\/\/\/\/\/ s \/\/\/\/\/\/\/ \/\/ \/\/ \/\nA*\n\/     \u25a0\u25a0!?\n\/\/\/\nV\n1\nVancouver\n165\n19,082\n149\n88\n100\n1,635\n12\n13\n63\n140\n17\n12\nPrince Rupert\n84\n4,979\n32\n22\n5\n227\n3\n\u2014\n141\n681\n\u2014\n\u2014\nPrince George\n127\n20,563\n56\n59\n1\n4\n5\n3\n214\n1,997\n1\n2\nCariboo\n47\n5,200\n32\n45\n2\n3\n1\n3\n43\n109\n5\n2\nKamloops\n168\n7,914\n62\n66\n15\n46\n1\n6\n29\n209\n3\n6\nNelson\n125\n5,477\n50\n39\n21\n161\n2\n6\n61\n237\n3\n12\nTotals 1978\n716\n63,215\n381\n319\n144\n2,076\n24\n31\n551\n3,373\n29\n34\n1977\n705\n48,991\n365\n335\n114\n2,615\n25\n31\n566\n4,242\n25\n5,125\n1976\n659\n49,895\n365\n326\n99\n1,835\n25\n30\n543\n4,816\n25\n84\n1975\n661\n52,242\n354\n318\n106\n2,071\n25\n30\n575\n5,313\n19\n132\n1974\n787\n45,541\n326\n304\n103\n1,615\n25\n27\n495\n6,889\n14\n74\n1973\n810\n53,303\n320\n307\n86\n1,644\n24\n30\n455\n6,262\n11\n135\n1972\n603\n45,962\n305\n272\n74\n1,601\n23\n30\n506\n5,723\n28\n94\n1971\n627\n41,635\n244\n243\n68\n1,038\n21\n27\n576\n5,878\n12\n51\n1970\n881\n40,531\n230\n202\n59\n909\n20\n24\n322\n3,084\n9\n29\n1969\nTen Year Average\n974\n40,123\n227\n194\n62\n1,101\n19\n22\n309\n3,168\n17\n67\n1969-1978\n742\n48,144\n312\n282\n91\n1,645\n23\n28\n490\n4,875\n19\n582\n Table 27       Export of Logs (In Cunits) 1978\n55\nUngraded and\nExported\nLumber\nUnder\nSpecies\nGrade No. 1\nGrade No. 2\nGrade No. 3\nReject\nTotal\nExportable1\nPermit\nFir\n261\n2,933\n10,175\n\u2014\n13,369\n3,218\n10,151\nCedar\n7,346\n9,339\n21,578\n\u2014\n38,263\n2,245\n36,018\nSpruce\n3,880\n16,862\n75,516\n\u2014\n96,258\n4,873\n91,385\nHemlock\n2,836\n7,265\n30,339\n\u2014\n40,440\n8,514\n31,926\nBalsam\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n19,514\n19,514\n2,773\n16,741\nLodgepole Pine\n1\n22\n637\n\u2014\n660\n346\n314\nCypress\n1,034\n5,444\n26,728\n\u2014\n33,206\n8,372\n24,834\nHardwood\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n639\n639\n627\n12\nCottonwood\n-\n11\n27\n-\n38\n-\n38\nTotals 1978\n15,358\n41,876\n165,000\n20,153\n242,387\n30,968\n211,419\nTotals 1977\n19,272\n62,358\n209,753\n73,426\n364,809\n98,069\n266,740\nTotals 1976\n10,107\n30,228\n133,443\n34,461\n208,239\n88,777\n119,462\nTotals 1975\n12,066\n29,820\n98,397\n9,843\n150,126\n73,447\n76,679\nTotals 1974\n6,160\n31,906\n155,541\n16,424\n210,031\n113,267\n96,764\nTotals 1973\n1,547\n6,380\n32,747\n6,834\n47,508\n32,680\n14,828\nTotals 1972\n7,171\n23,086\n67,532\n4,089\n101,878\n30,058\n71,820\nTotals 1971\n28,743\n60,942\n168,171\n23,244\n281,100\n46,304\n234,796\nTotals 1970\n32,224\n76,299\n308,002\n83,962\n500,487\n134,558\n365,929\nTotals 1969\nTen-Year Average\n5,988\n30,313\n172,708\n50,403\n259,412\n106,553\n152,859\n1969-1978\n13,864\n39,321\n151,129\n32,284\n236,598\n75,468\n161,130\n1 Export privilege - Exported from lands Crown Granted prior to March 13,1906.\n2 Exported under permit from Crown Lands and lands granted after March 12,1906 under authority of Section 97 of the \"Ministry of Forests Act\".\n 56\nTable 28       Exports From the Province of Other Forest Products 1978\nWhere Marketed\nQuantity\nApproximate\nOther\nForest Region\nUnit\nExported\nValue F.O.B.\nCanada\nUnited States\nCountries\nVancouver\nPoles\nLin. Ft.\n2,511,595\n$ 8,028,596.00\n589,485\n1,920,310\n1,800\nPiling\nLin. Ft.\n34,016\n108,851.00\n25,920\n8,096\n\u2014\nCedar Shakes\nPieces\n1,590,394\n556,637.00\n264,465\n1,296,098\n29,831\nChristmas Trees\nPieces\n91,700\n825,300.00\n91,700\n\u2014\n\u2014\nFence Posts\nPieces\n1,655\n2,896.00\n\u2014\n1,655\n\u2014\nPulp Chips\nUnits BDU\n122,998\n6,149,900.00\n\u2014\n\u2014\n122,998\nUnits GPU\n712,099\n23,499,267.00\n\u2014\n644,898\n67,201\nPrince Rupert\nPoles\nLin. Ft.\n2,464,009\n2,465,000.00\n1,319,009\n1,145,000\n\u2014\nPiling\nLin. Ft.\n17,460\n35,000.00\n17,460\n\u2014\n\u2014\nCedar Shakes\nPieces\n985,460\n200,000.00\n\u2014\n985,460\n\u2014\nPickets\nCords\n3,600\n400,000.00\n\u2014\n\u2014\n3,600\nPrince George\nFence Posts\nPieces\n275,000\n512,500.00\n25,000\n250,000\n\u2014\nCedar Shakes\nSquares\n1,602\n80,100.00\n1,282\n320\n\u2014\nChristmas Trees\nPieces\n533\n2,800.00\n533\n\u2014\n\u2014\nCordwood\nCords\n9\n450.00\n9\n\u2014\n\u2014\nShake Bolts\nCords\n14\n1,400.00\n14\n\u2014\n\u2014\nBuilding Logs\nLin. Ft.\n1,845\n1,850.00\n1,845\n\u2014\n\u2014\nPulp Chips\nUnits BDU\n66,014\n1,124,878.00\n66,014\n\u2014\n\u2014\nUnits GPU\n78,372\n3,029,077.00\n\u2014\n74,453\n3,919\nCariboo\nPulp Chips\nUnits BDU\n59,823\n1,495,575.00\n-\n11,366\n48,457\nKamloops\nPoles\nLin. Ft.\n934,735\n3,738,940.00\n931,455\n3,280\nChristmas Trees\nPieces\n2,909\n8,727.00\n2,027\n3,882\n\u2014\nFence Posts\nPieces\n145,342\n726,710.00\n1,910\n143,432\n\u2014\nFence Rails\nPieces\n266,584\n533,168.00\n3,820\n262,764\n\u2014\nCordwood\nCords\n54\n2,166.00\n54\n\u2014\n\u2014\nPickets\nCords\n2,585\n387,750.00\n181\n2,404\n\u2014\nBuilding Logs\nCords\n44\n5,500.00\n44\n\u2014\n\u2014\nShake Bolts\nCords\n4,341\n1,302,330.00\n547\n3,794\n\u2014\nPulp Chips\nUnits BDU\n70,308\n1,757,700.00\n\u2014\n\u2014\n70,308\nNelson\nCorral Rails\nLin. Ft.\n2,738\n278.00\n1,258\n1,525\n\u2014\nPoles\nLin. Ft.\n89,680\n179,360.00\n25,720\n63,960\n\u2014\nMine Timbers\nLin. Ft.\n3,711\n1,856.00\n3,711\n\u2014\n\u2014\nCedar Shakes\nSquares\n164,778\n9,155,955.00\n44,030\n120,748\n\u2014\nFence Posts\nPieces\n179,996\n197,996.00\n30,437\n149,559\n\u2014\nShake Blanks\nPieces\n2,786,250\n557,250.00\n2,786,250\n\u2014\n\u2014\nShake Blocks\nCords\n6\n900.00\n\u2014\n6\n\u2014\nCordwood\nCords\n47\n2,350.00\n13\n34\n\u2014\nShingle Bolts\nCords\n51\n7,650.00\n\u2014\n51\n\u2014\nChristmas Trees\nPieces\n23,874\n38,198.00\n5,082\n18,792\n\u2014\nChristmas Trees\nBales\n4,813\n38,504.00\n4,731\n82\n\u2014\nPulp Chips\nUnit BDU\n7,113\n192,051.00\n\u2014\n7,113\n\u2014\nTotal 1976\n67,355,416.00\nTotal 1977\n40,660,070.00\nTable 29       Sub-Unit Surveys, 1978 Fieldwork\nMaps\nNumber of\nTotal Area\nSub-UnitName\nClassified\nSamples\n(Hectares)\nAhta River\n6\n31\n8311.8\nEast Canoe Creek\n5\n16\n2 428.1\nMcNulty Creek\n11\n113\n20 566.6\nMehatl Creek\n12\n37\n28015.6\nNahatlach River\n13\n38\n29 269.3\nPemberton Creek\n3\n11\n1 214,1\nPotlatch Creek\n5\n6\n3 615.5\nTrinity Valley\n18\n183\n112 372.1\nUpper Yalakom River\nTotal\n32\n122\n71 515.7\nms\n\u00ab7\n9*77 ica a\n 57\nTable 30       Production of Final Forest Cover Maps for 1977 Projects\nArea and Volume Figures are Based on Earlier Surveys\nVolume in\nForest and Nonforest Area (Hectares)\nCubic Metre\n5x102\nPublic Sustained\nYield Unit\nNumber of\nMaps\nCrown\nAlienated\nTotal\nFor Mature\nCrown Area\n(Close \"C\")\nArrowhead\n38\n206 000\n22 590\n228 590\n143 581\nEdgewood\nKamloops\n23\n68\n120 575\n326 169\n5 752\n177 031\n126 327\n503 200\n93 917\n175319\nKettle\n49\n332 860\n43198\n376 058\n146 559\nNakusp\n23\n126 202\n7 243\n133445\n122 335\nSlocan\n34\n209 579\n16 266\n225 845\n96 941\nYalakom\nTotals\n93\n743 981\n32 223\n776 204\n493 606\n328\n2 065 366\n304 303\n2 369 669\n1 262 258\nTable 31       Uses of Crown Range, 1978\nGrazing Special\nHectares\nRange\nGrazing\nPermits\nHay Cutting\nit      \/   &\n\u00a3     \/  8\nUse Permits\n*         \/ V\n<F       \/ P\nof Usable\nCrown Range\nIncluding\nPermittees\nPermits\nPermitted Livestock\nAUM's' Use of\nDistrict\nHandled\nCattle\nHorses\nSheep\nCrown Range\n<?\n\/   ^\n<e  \/$\nGrazing SUP's\nKamloops\n541\n524\n77,532\n391\n935\n313,062\n2\n2\n32\n1,614\n3,328,160\nNelson\n263\n266\n18,120\n491\n\u2014\n74,021\n\u2014\n\u2014\n13\n1,135\n578,308\nPrince George\n509\n355\n33,469\n2,784\n30\n130,482\n15\n245\n1\n50\n874,016\nCariboo\n585\n584\n74,364\n1,488\n348\n351,672\n63\n745\n2\n40\n4,770,400\nVancouver\n7\n8\n150\n\u2014\n\u2014\n327\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n405\nPrince Rupert\nTotals, 1978\n6\n6\n658\n9\n\u2014\n2,044\n5\n65\n\u2014\n\u2014\n705,000\n1,911\n1,743\n204,293\n5,163\n1,313\n871,608\n85\n1,057\n48\n2,839\n10,256,289\nTotals, 1977\n1,779\n1,738\n192,040\n5,232\n1,985\n828,173\n85\n1,149\n57\n5,930\n10,186,762\nContinued\nback to 1969 Figures for 1969 to 1976 inclusive to be quoted from 1977 Annual Report (Table 28).\n1AU (Animal Unit Month) is the equivalent of one mature cow for one month.\nTable 32       Fire Occurrences by Months -1978\nRegions\nMarch\nApril\nMay\nJune\nJuly\nAugust\nSept.\nOct.\nOther\nTotal\nPer Cent\nVancouver\n3\n6\n20\n52\n176\n45\n5\n7\n2\n316\nPrince Rupert\n0\n6\n37\n57\n69\n82\n3\n2\n0\n256\nPrince George\n1\n12\n60\n81\n94\n169\n1\n11\n7\n436\nKamloops\n1\n9\n27\n78\n129\n316\n12\n9\n3\n584\nNelson\n2\n7\n16\n47\n91\n259\n3\n8\n2\n435\nCariboo\nTotals\n0\n6\n41\n55\n95\n57\n5\n18\n4\n281\n7\n46\n201\n370\n654\n928\n29\n55\n18\n2,308\n100.0\nPer Cent\n0.3\n2.0\n8.7\n16.0\n28.3\n40.2\n1.3\n2.4\n0.8\n100.0\n_\nTen-Year Average\n12\n83\n311\n389\n681\n702\n175\n72\n6\n2,431\n\u2014\nPer Cent\n0.5\n3.4\n12.8\n16.0\n28.0\n28.9\n7.2\n2.9\n0.3\n100.0\n\u2014\n 58\nTable 33       Number and Causes of Forest Fires -1978\nRegions\nVancouver\n68\n45\n9\n95\n11\n0\n12\n31\n13\n31\n1\n316\n13.7\nPrince Rupert\n95\n31\n4\n31\n13\n0\n6\n20\n15\n40\n1\n256\n11.1\nPrince George\n229\n34\n14\n33\n29\n11\n7\n25\n29\n24\n1\n436\n18.9\nKamloops\n343\n40\n25\n78\n14\n3\n2\n22\n10\n46\n1\n584\n25.3\nNelson\n322\n19\n9\n23\n9\n0\n3\n21\n4\n25\n0\n435\n18.8\nCariboo\nTotals\n84\n20\n4\n17\n17\n13\n2\n17\n67\n39\n1\n281\n12.2\n1,141\n189\n65\n277\n93\n27\n32\n136\n138\n205\n5\n2,308\n100.0\nPer Cent\n49.4\n8.2\n2.8\n12.0\n4.0\n1.2\n1.4\n5.9\n6.0\n8.9\n0.2\n100.0\n\u2014\nTen-year average\n915\n234\n146\n329\n101\n75\n34\n194\n89\n299\n15\n2,431\n\u2014\nPer Cent\n37.6\n9.6\n6.0\n13.5\n4.2\n3.1\n1.4\n8.0\n3.7\n12.3\n0.6\n100.0\n\u2014\nTable 34\nNumber and Causes of Forest Fires for the Last Ten Years\nCauses\n1969\n1970\n1971\n1972\n1973\n1974\n1975\n1976\n1977\n1978\nTotal\nLightning\n646\n1,803\n1,327\n583\n810\n716\n1,417\n159\n551\n1,141\n9,153\nRecreational (Campers, hunters,\nfishermen, etc.)\n188\n302\n211\n188\n338\n288\n249\n157\n237\n189\n2,347\nRailroads operating\n238\n246\n175\n136\n218\n147\n113\n57\n63\n65\n1,458\nSmokers\n374\n501\n309\n267\n431\n407\n289\n130\n302\n277\n3,287\nBrush-burning (not Railway or\nRight-of-way clearing)\n133\n146\n129\n70\n145\n102\n83\n24\n83\n93\n1,008\nRange Burning\n128\n191\n105\n59\n78\n34\n42\n56\n34\n27\n754\nRoad, Power, Telephone and\nPipe-line construction\n52\n30\n50\n44\n38\n36\n25\n5\n27\n32\n339\nIndustrial operations (logging, etc.)\n206\n255\n205\n189\n224\n319\n133\n116\n154\n136\n1,937\nIncendiary\n19\n70\n70\n77\n99\n133\n94\n59\n128\n138\n887\nMiscellaneous known causes\n313\n432\n303\n277\n462\n355\n252\n127\n270\n205\n2,996\nUnknown causes\nTotals\n21\n27\n14\n13\n20\n21\n16\n3\n5\n5\n145\n2,318\n4,003\n2,898\n1,903\n2,863\n2,558\n2,713\n893\n1,854\n2,308\n24,311\nTable 35\nFires C\n:iassi\nfied by Size and Damage -\n1978\n\/     Total Fires      \/      0.1 Ha & Under       \/ Over 0.1 to 4.0 Ha    \/  Over 4 to 200 Ha     \/   Over 200 Ha\n\/ Damage\n\/ a,     \/            \/      \/<?\/        \/       \/ \u00bb    \/         \/      \/ 8    \/       \/     \/ 8   7\n\/     \/\/\/    \/$\/?\/   \/\u00a3\/&\/   \/#\/?\/ \/$\/$\/\n\/      \/<\u00a3 \/      \/#\/$\/    \/*\/#\/    \/# \/\u00a3 \/   \/#\/*\/\nA \/\n7         \/ -f   \/        \/\u25a0*\/\u2022*'\/      \/\u2022$\u25a0\/\u25a0$\u25a0\/      \/<\u25a0\/<\u25a0\/     \/\u2022*\u25a0 7 \u25a0\u00a7 7\nAf \/      A\/A \/    AA* \/    A A\/   A\/A\/\n\/f? \/     A\u00b0 A0 \/   A* A8- \/    A\u00b0 A5\/   A'A5\" A   \/\n\/A\/       \/ & \/ & \/     \/A\/A\/     A \/A\/    A \/ s- \/ ^   \/\n\/\/\/\n\u00a7 A \/\n** A?   \/\nRegions\n\/\/\n\/ \/ \/ \/ \/\/\/ i \/\/ \/i\/i \/\/ av \/ \/\/ \/if $ \/\/ \/\/  \u00a3\n\/\nVancouver\n316\n13.7\n215\n68.0\n13.2\n82\n25.9\n15.6\n18\n5.7\n12.9\n1\n0.3\n5.3\n297\n10\n9\nPrince Rupert\n256\n11.1\n176\n68.8\n10.8\n61\n23.8\n11.6\n12\n4.7\n8.6\n7\n2.7\n36.8\n238\n6\n12\nPrince George\n436\n18.9\n253\n58.0\n15.6\n124\n28.4\n23.5\n51\n11.7\n36.7\n8\n1.8\n42.1\n384\n22\n30\nKamloops\n584\n25.3\n461\n78.9\n28.4\n102\n17.5\n19.4\n19\n3.3\n13.7\n2\n0.3\n10.5\n566\n6\n12\nNelson\n435\n18.8\n359\n82.5\n22.2\n65\n14.9\n12.3\n11\n2.5\n7.9\n0\n0\n0\n425\n6\n4\nCariboo\nTotals\n281\n12.2\n159\n56.6\n9.8\n93\n33.1\n17.6\n28\n10.0\n20.2\n1\n0.4\n5.3\n258\n17\n6\n2,308\n100.0\n1,623\n70.4\n100.0\n527\n22.8\n100.0\n139\n6.0\n100.0\n19\n0.8\n100.0\n2,168\n67\n73\nPer cent\n100.0\n\u2014\n70.3\n\u2014\n\u2014\n22.9\n\u2014\n\u2014\n6.0\n\u2014\n\u2014\n0.8\n\u2014\n\u2014\n93.9\n2.9\n3.2\n 59\nTable 36       Loss of Property Other Than Forests -1978\nForest\nRailway,\nProducts Cut,\nLogging, and\nLogs, Lumber,\nSawmill\nPer Cent of\nRegions\netc.\nBuildings\nEquipment\nMiscellaneous\nTotal\nTotal\nVancouver\n$138,812\n$    1,000\n$   799,522\n$16,000\n$   935,334\n70.1%\nPrince Rupert\n$    7,104\n$            0\n$           300\n$      100\n$       7,504\n0.5%\nPrince George\n$    1,342\n$            0\n$   240,500\n$       50\n$   241,892\n18.1%\nKamloops\n$    3,655\n$    2,550\n$      10,741\n$ 8,911\n$     25,857\n1.9%\nNelson\n$  12,309\n$          50\n$               0\n$     400\n$      12,759\n1.0%\nCariboo\nTotals\n$       328\n$    9,800\n$   100,000\n$  1,500\n$   111,628\n8.4%\n$163,550\n$  13,400\n$1,131,063\n$26,961\n$1,334,974\n$100.0%\nPer Cent\n12.0%\n1.0%\n85.0%\n2.0%\n100.0%\n\u2014\nTen Year Average\n$185,650\n$132,358\n$194,580\n$57,025\n$   569,613\n\u2014\nPer Cent\n32.4%\n23.1%\n34.5%\n10.0%\n100.0%\n\u2014\nTable 37       Loss of Forest Cover Caused by Forest Fires, 1978 - Part I*\nVancouver\nPrince Rupert\nPrince George\nKamloops\nNelson\nCariboo\nTotals\nPer Cent\nTen-year Average\nPer Cent\n509\n15,855\n8,444\n462\n41\n1,127\n61,591\n3,346,224\n1,000,371\n62,173\n7,148\n305,607\n36,178\n576,514\n150,372\n39,924\n2,470\n203,721\n107,521\n4,947,931\n4,074,172\n96,460\n20,110\n796,238\n253\n6,853\n472\n355\n58\n1,290\n37,052\n952,173\n28,786\n46,850\n9,160\n140,496\n26,438\n53.0\n16,921\n20.2\n4,783,114\n100.0\n927,037\n100.0\n1,009,179\n21.0\n280,296\n30.2\n10,042,432\n87.8\n3,063,858\n64.9\n9,281\n18.5\n18,820\n22.4\n1,214,517\n10.6\n1,498,008\n31.6\nTable 38       Loss of Forest Cover Caused by Forest Fires, 1978 - Part II-\nRegions\nNot Satisfactorily\nRe-stocked\nNon-Commercial\/   Grazing or      \/ Non-Productive      \/    Under\nCover       \/  Pasture Land\/ Sites \/       4 ha\nGrand Totals\n\/\nha\nha\nha\n$\nha\nS\nha\n$\nha\n$\nha\n$\nha\ncu.m\n$\nVancouver\n31\/\n12\n32\n4,515\n15\n189\n131\n1,631\n96\n1,203\n77\n884\n1,442\n25,413\n152,995\nPrince Rupert\n134\n9\n0\n1,784\n5,821\n72,765\n15\n189\n752\n9,402\n71\n826\n29,510\n2,769,710\n5,985,070\nPrince George\n300\n73\n7\n4,792\n569\n7,110\n314\n3,922\n3,559\n44,492\n149\n1,759\n13,887\n849,999\n4,165,033\nKamloops\n101\n397\n0\n6,223\n0\n0\n129\n1,613\n0\n0\n120\n1,351\n1,564\n22,249\n152,497\nNelson\n55\n0\n0\n684\n0\n0\n0\n0\n90\n1,126\n99\n1,122\n343\n4,678\n32,202\nCariboo\nTotals\n596\n0\n0\n7,451\n30\n369\n156\n1,950\n24\n297\n112\n1,330\n3,335\n101,886\n948,131\n1.503\n491\n39\n25,449\n6,435\n80,433\n745\n9,305\n4,521\n56,520\n628\n7,272\n50,081\n3,773,935\n11.435.928\nPerCent\n3.0\n1.0\n0.1\n0.2\n12.7\n0.7\n1.5\n0.1\n9.0\n0.5\n1.2\n0.1\n100.0\n99.0\n100.0\nTen-year average\n4,858\n799\n3,618\n61,614\n18,688\n43,071\n2,827\n15,357\n16,940\n37,145\n421\n5,153\n83,892\n646,741\n4,724,206\nPer cent\n5.8\n1.0\n4.3\n1.3\n22.3\n1.0\n34\n0.3\n20.2\n0.8\n0.4\n0.1\n100.0\n69.8\n100.0\n\"The dollar value of\napproximately 10 tin\nosses in m\nles the loss\nerchantc\nvalues\nbleand\nshown.\nmmature\ntimber re\npresents on\ny stump\nage loss\no the crov\n\/n. Loss to U\ne provi\nncial economy mj\nybeestima\nedat\n 60\nTable 39       Fire Causes, Area Burned, Forest Service Cost and Total Damage, 1978\nCauses\nNo.\nPerCent\nHectares\nPer Cent\nCost\nPer Cent\nDamage\nPer Cent\nLightning\n1,141\n49.4\n39,880\n79.6\n$6,974,433\n58.9\n11,580,795\n90.5\nRecreational (campers, hunters.\nfishermen, etc.)\n189\n8.2\n724\n1.4\n$   324,597\n2.7\n70,632\n0.6\nRailroads operating\n65\n2.8\n393\n0.9\n$     76,481\n0.6\n5,378\n0.3\nSmokers\n277\n12.0\n3,984\n8.0\n$2,702,033\n22.9\n457,373\n3.5\nBrush-burning (not Railway or\nRight-of-way clearing)\n93\n4.0\n728\n1.5\n$   231,779\n2.0\n40,021\n0.3\nRange Burning\n27\n1.2\n716\n1.4\n$     46,254\n0.4\n15,157\n0.1\nRoad, Power, Telephone, and\nPipe-line construction\n32\n1.4\n54\n0.1\n$     26,249\n0.2\n14,317\n0.1\nIndustrial Operations (Logging, etc.)\n136\n5.9\n1,950\n3.9\n$   520.247\n4.4\n422,916\n3.3\nIncendiary\n138\n6.0\n318\n0.6\n$   432,875\n3.7\n124,660\n1.0\nMiscellaneous known causes\n205\n8.9\n1.323\n2.6\n$   477,133\n4.0\n39,032\n0.3\nUnknown Causes\nTotals\n5\n0.2\n11\n0.0\n$     27,332\n0.2\n621\n0.0\n2,308\n100.0\n50.081\n100.0\n$11,839,413\n100.0\n12,770,902\n100.0\nTable 40\nComparison of Damage Caused by Forest Fires in Last Ten Years\n1969\n2,318\n164,688\n4,428,116\n601,972\n$ 6,776,020\n663,177\n$ 7,439,197\n1970\n4,003\n105,688\n4,040,036\n1,581,272\n$ 3,437,205\n744,901\nS 4,182,106\n1971\n2,898\n351,890\n9.944,980\n1,962,800\n$12,974,582\n609,064\n$13,583,646\n1972\n1,903\n26,087\n391,469\n189.821\n$     713,681\n459,728\n$   1,173,409\n1973\n2,863\n33,422\n1,640,856\n752.528\n$ 5,276,975\n1,056,760\n$ 6,333,735\n1974\n2,558\n21,728\n2,907,884\n2,284,968\n$  1,860,942\n491,422\n$ 2,352,364\n1975\n2.713\n24,911\n6.443,444\n5,298,748\n$  1,264,407\n92,430\n$  1,356,837\n1976\n893\n57,020\n1.318,398\n389,089\n$ 2,528,465\n70,135\n$ 2.598.600\n1977\n1,854\n3,796\n203,252\n115.396\n$     369,508\n173,537\n$     543.045\n1978\n10 year total\n2,308\n50,081\n4,783,114\n1.009,179\n$11,435,938\n1,334,974\n$12,770,920\n24,311\n839,362\n35,656,576\n13,594,764\n$46,637,713\n5,696,128\n$52,333,841\n Table 41        Fires Classified by Regions, Place of Origin and Cost Per Fire of Fire-Fighting, 1978\n61\nVancouver\nPrince Rupert\nPrince George\nKamloops\nNelson\nCariboo\nTotals\nPer Cent\nTen-year Average\nPer Cent\nCost to other parties (470 cost fires) $5,904,994. Cost to Forest Service (1,838 cost fires) $11,839,413\n* Cost correct to date   Subject of later revision.\nDetailed final costs are published one year in arrears in the table \"Forest Protection Expenditures\" in each annual report.\nTable 42       Volume & Mortality Losses Due to Insects & Disease\n(Summary of estimated average annual losses in B.C. forests during 1967-76,\ncompiled by G.A. Van Sickle)\nGrowth Loss\nMorta\nity\nPest\n(m3)\n%\n(m3)\n%\nDefoliators:\nSpruce Budworm\n97 578\nHemlock Looper\n12 028\nBlack-headed Budworm\n308 470\nD.F. Tussock Moth\n9198\n63 109\nFalse Hemlock Looper\n2 604\n46 554\nGreen-striped Forest Looper\n3 226\n4245\n433104\n3.1\n113 908\n5.6\nBark Beetles:\nMountain Pine Beetle\n106 125\nSpruce Beetle\n725 895\nDouglas fir Beetle\n16 980\nBalsam Bark Beetle\n18 678\n867 678\n42.8\nDwarf Mistletoes\n4 245000\n30.3\nRoot and Butt Rots\n1216 900\n8.7\n1047 100\n51.6\nDecay in Mature Forests\n8 093800\n57.9\n13 988 804\n100.0\n2 028 686\n100.0\nTotal of Growth Loss & Mortality = 16 017 490 m3\n= 32% of 1975 scale\n= 28.3% of 1\n0-year average (1967-1976)\nPercentage of Total Growth Loss & Mortality:\nDefoliators=\n3.4%\nBark Beetles =\n5.4%\nDwarf Mistletoe =\n26.5%\nRoot& Butt Rots=\n14.1%\nDecay in Mature Forests =\n50.6%\n100.0%\n 62\nTable 43       Forest Revenue, Fiscal Year 1977 -1978\nTimber licence rentals and fees   505,638.98\nTimber berth rentals and fees  70,572.86\nTimber lease rentals and fees     72,959.58\nTimber sale rentals and fees     804,995.40\nTimbersale stumpage  78,135,374.94\nTimber sale cruising and advertising   293,722.10\nTimber royalties    8,668,094.38\nGrazing permits and fees    460,040.67\nForest-protection tax    1,158,595.62\nMiscellaneous  997,665.42\nWeight-scaling    4,698,793.55\nCoast scaling     2,675,454.19\nIndian Affairs Agreement     143,357.00\nTSHL fire-fighting costs standby crews  76,598.02\nReservoir-waterway improvements  2,277,548.99\nTotal\n$101,039,411.70\nTable 44       Forest Revenue, 1974 -1978\n12 Months\nto Dec. 31\n1974\n12 Months\nto Dec. 31\n1975\n12 Months\nto Dec. 31\n1976\n12 Months\nto Dec. 31\n1977\n12 Months\nto Dec. 31\n1978\n$\n$\nTimber licence rentals and fees \t\nTimber berth rentals and fees\t\nTimber lease rentals and fees   \t\nTimber sale rentals and fees   \t\nTimber sale stumpage\t\nTimber sale cruising and advertising ...\nTimber royalties  \t\nGrazing permits and fees  \t\nForest protection tax  \t\nMiscellaneous\t\nWeight-scaling \t\nCoast scaling   \t\nIndian Affairs Agreement   \t\nTSHL fire-fighting costs standby crews .\nWood products \t\nReservoir-water improvements \t\nTotals\n569,850.39\n81,729.63\n86,412.80\n696,048.97\n181,605,129.21\n144,040.10\n7,459,614.20\n661,145.80\n1,028,180.35\n1,654,564.42\n2,772.736.05\n151,585.78\n283,095.50\n197,200,142.26\n551,336.77\n75,548.18\n85,655.56\n693,428.67\n43,437,755.58\n113,492.20\n6,142,472.77\n514,595.23\n1,136,279.10\n1,175,699.59\n3,073,017.84\n175,202.08\n651,038.38\n154,285.90\n57,979,807.85\n536\n74,\n80,\n841,\n43,691,\n199,\n6,691,\n412,\n1,421,\n1,267,\n4,468,\n2,067,\n181,\n775,\n2,\n305,\n424.40\n772.43\n253.37\n081.45\n476.49\n208.82\n829.70\n690.82\n792.84\n600.72\n124.99\n742.02\n848.14\n716.72\n792.17\n101.00\n512\n70.\n74,\n806,\n62,314\n275\n8,628.\n503,\n1,198,\n1,203.\n4,637,\n587\n143\n163\n,757.29\n1,324.86\n,757.20\n,406.86\n,958.73\n,650.62\n,049.98\n1,775.34\n161.44\n,475.27\n,871.16\n,913.39\n,357.00\n,909.94\n63,018,456.08\n2,378,800.00\n83,500,169.08\n505,\n64,\n72\n724\n159,913\n275\n7,530.\n556.\n986\n750\n4,656\n2,529\n136\n2,\n263.82\n211.92\n,248.95\n.629.24\n091.94\n878.44\n,386.48\n.696.15\n043.00\n.862.73\n807.15\n089.93\n.850.00\n349.64\n5,211,567.00\n183,915,976.39\nTable 45       Amounts Charged Against Logging Operations, Fiscal Year 1977 -1978\nForest Region\nScaling Fund\nRoyalty\nMiscellaneous\nScaling\nExpenses\nI\nScaling Fees\nStumpage\nRentals,\nCruising,\nAdvertising,\nTransfer\nFees\nVancouver\nPrince Rupert\nPrince George\nKamloops\nNelson\nCariboo\n7,149,430.22\n824,931.25\n266,104.00\n322,146.44\n253,733.23\n167.534.73\nTotals, 1977-78   8,983,879.87\nTotals, 1976-77   7,083,088.95\nTotals, 1975-76   5,258,416.88\nTotals, 1974-75   8,954,769.20\nTotals, 1973-74   6,694,810.26\nTotals, 1972-73   5,696,871.79\nTotals, 1971-72   5,502,832.37\nTotals, 1970-71   5,508,498.13\n590,591.73\n577,876.03\n1,433,510.30\n1,023,913.38\n920,013.94\n684,939.80\n5,230,845.18\n4,956,050.33\n4,445,957.15\n4,251,752.40\n4,031,114.49\n2,755,671.01\n2,004,531.00\n1,717,910.69\n270,223.12\n30,192.97\n300,416.09\n435,514.55\n422,709.28\n569,292.49\n514,197.74\n435,656.63\n429,262.36\n382,501.42\n2,010,148.50\n292,479.53\n2,302,628.03\n2,665,562.58\n2,462,229.56\n2,539,384.43\n2,297,984.55\n2,179,338.81\n2,124,679.35\n1,999,070.86\n48,985,630.34\n8,136,559.34\n12,031,804.44\n6,366,332.92\n4,426,954.56\n8,606,097.55\n88,553,379.15\n48,707,785.36\n30,630,115.00\n115,853,196.88\n252,909,645.78\n135,091,040.33\n68,137,580.27\n45,558,857.31\n775,007.38 59,781,031.29\n334,187.13 10,196,226.25\n394,723.20 14,126,141.94\n247,086.03 7,959,478.77\n222,948.94 5,823,650.67\n183,113.76 9,641,685.84\n2,157,066.44\n1,976,118.79\n2,012,808.31\n2,004,181.95\n2,018,277.41\n1,883,747.01\n2,251,080.00\n1,914,268.47\n107,528.\n65,824.\n45,232.\n134,172.\n268,466\n148,042\n80,449\n57,081\n214.76\n120.56\n236.18\n577.35\n030.23\n325.58\n,965.35\n.106.88\n 63\nTable 46       Amounts Charged Against Logging Operations, 1978\nForest Region\nRoyalty\nMiscellaneous\nScaling\nFund\nStumpage\nRentals,\nCruising,\nAdvertising,\nTransfer\nFees\nTotal\nI    Scaling\nExpenses\n~1\nScaling Fees\n$\n$\n$\n$\n$\n$\nS\nVancouver\nPrince Rupert\nPrince George\nKamloops\nNelson\nCariboo\nTotals, 1978   \t\n6,036,914.94\n934,825.22\n377,266.89\n365,227.19\n307,124.92\n265,268.14\n         8,306,627.30\n564,866.06\n693,835.67\n1,426,338.94\n1,111,000.51\n757,562.15\n553,545.93\n5,107,149.26\n5,064,910.21\n5,074,293.99\n4,438,210.28\n3,841,145.72\n3,876,214.24\n2,510,946.56\n1,930,657.09\n1,480,701.37\n1,335,288.66\n285,562.19\n46,547.21\n332,109.40\n320,937.99\n445,389.11\n454,867.22\n560,404.12\n506,980.82\n403,475.31\n423,107.49\n430,081.94\n417,010.41\n2,120,577.78\n437,246.37\n1,745.78\n1,534.05\n1,608.20\n2,562,712.38\n2,407,435.80\n2,677,890.72\n2,380,053.72\n2,506,196.96\n2,385,179.87\n1,995,941.13\n2,107,899.80\n2,242,672.37\n2,046,118.14\n74,501,258.83\n17,924,541.53\n45,536,202.73\n29,708,252.70\n16,730,604.38\n30,216,626.80\n214,617,486.97\n67,074,287.41\n48,592,302.05\n28,389,508.35\n169,698,769.51\n251,777,437.15\n96,595,977.64\n55,347,358.35\n50,042,114.17\n80,270,727.23\n265,791.51\n188,165.87\n394,211.99\n147,078.16\n122,724.72\n165,683.86\n1,283,656.11\n2,066,412.85\n2,877,314.56\n1,989,319.46\n1,213,664.51\n1,917,706.24\n1,921,977.20\n2,341,636.62\n1,998,891.74\n1,900,578.27\n83,774,971.31\n20,245,162.07\n47,735,766.33\n31,333,092.61\n17,918,016.17\n31,202,732.93\n232,209,741.42\n85,544,601.62\n66,564,449.29\n43,726,133.58\n186,041,352.34\n267,268,201.91\n108,659,791.62\n67,669,895.85\n62,296,745.36\n92,363,937.89\nTotals, 1977  \t\nTotals, 1976   \t\n         8,610,617.36\n         6,897,258.86\nTotals, 1975   \t\n         6,074,174.55\nTotals, 1974   \t\n         8,221,171.52\nTotals, 1973   \t\n         6,804,683.59\nTotals, 1972   \t\n         5,231,473.78\nTotals, 1971   \t\n         5,519,236.50\nTotals, 1970   \t\n         6,102,283.77\nTotals, 1969   \t\n         6,394,215.18\nTable 47       Forest Service Expenditures Fiscal Year 1977 -78\nMinister's office  105,277.93\nMinistry Administration Program    18,398,236.71\nEngineering Support Services Program   9,417,731.52\nPublic Information Services Program     572,227.57\nResource Management Program     6,973,644.78\nStrategic Studies Program    357,014.62\nReforestation Program     18,418,485.23\nResearch Program  2,421,639.68\nFire Suppression Program    7,508,997.32\nProtection Program    8,659,280.89\nInventory Program (includes S.W. 35)     5,063,109.26\nScaling Program  9,446,684.53\nRange Management Program    1,713,746.89\nForest Development Roads Program (includes S.W. 41)     6,191,538.33\nReservoir Waterway Improvement Program (includes S.W. 40)  3,152,983.67\nBuilding Occupancy Charges  1,617,621.00\nComputer & Consulting Charges   535,000.00\nForest Policy Advisory Committee (S.W. 4)   296,594.25\nAccelerated Reforestation Fund (1)   \t\nTotal    100,849,814.18\n(1) See Table 46\nTable 48       Accelerated Reforestation Fund\nSurplus, April 1,1977   1,476.6\nExpenditures, fiscal year 1977-1978   NIL\nSurplus, March 31,1978   1,476.6\nQueen's Printer for British Columbia \u00a9\nVictoria, 1979\n ","@language":"en"}],"Genre":[{"@value":"Legislative proceedings","@language":"en"}],"Identifier":[{"@value":"J110.L5 S7","@language":"en"},{"@value":"1979_V01_13_001_063","@language":"en"}],"IsShownAt":[{"@value":"10.14288\/1.0378739","@language":"en"}],"Language":[{"@value":"English","@language":"en"}],"Provider":[{"@value":"Vancouver: University of British Columbia Library","@language":"en"}],"Publisher":[{"@value":"Victoria, BC : Government Printer","@language":"en"}],"Rights":[{"@value":"Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia","@language":"en"}],"SortDate":[{"@value":"1979-12-31 AD","@language":"en"},{"@value":"1979-12-31 AD","@language":"en"}],"Source":[{"@value":"Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia","@language":"en"}],"Title":[{"@value":"Report of the Ministry of Forests Year Ended December 31, 1978","@language":"en"}],"Type":[{"@value":"Text","@language":"en"}],"Translation":[{"@value":"","@language":"en"}],"@id":"doi:10.14288\/1.0378739"}