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Legislative Assembly","@language":"en"}],"DateAvailable":[{"@value":"2018-05-17","@language":"en"}],"DateIssued":[{"@value":"[1955]","@language":"en"}],"DigitalResourceOriginalRecord":[{"@value":"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/collections\/bcsessional\/items\/1.0367804\/source.json","@language":"en"}],"FileFormat":[{"@value":"application\/pdf","@language":"en"}],"FullText":[{"@value":" PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA\nDepartment of Agriculture\nFORTY-NINTH\nANNUAL REPORT\n1954\nVICTORIA, B.C.\nPrinted by Don McDiarmid, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty\n1955\n To His Honour Colonel Clarence Wallace, C.B.E.,\nLieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia.\nMay it please Your Honour:\nI have the honour to submit herewith for your consideration the Annual Report of\nthe Department of Agriculture for the year 1954.\nW. K. KIERNAN,\nMinister of Agriculture.\nDepartment of Agriculture,\nVictoria, B.C., January 25th, 1955.\n BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE\nDEPARTMENTAL STAFF, 1954\nMinister of Agriculture:\nHonourable W. K. Kiernan.\nMinister's Secretary:\nMiss P. Hetherington.\nDeputy Minister:\nWm. MacGillivray.\nA dministrative:\nMiss A. E. Hill, Departmental Secretary, Victoria, B.C.\nN. L. Camsusa, Administrative Assistant, Victoria, B.C.\nJ. S. Wells, Accountant, Victoria, B.C.\nT. T. Vaulkhard, Clerk, Accounts Branch, Victoria, B.C.\nJ. A. McDiarmid, Clerk, Publications Branch, Victoria, B.C.\nStatistics:\nG. H. Stewart, Statistician, Victoria, B.C.\nMarkets:\n*M. M. Gilchrist, B.S.A., Markets Commissioner, Victoria, B.C.\nHorticulture:\n*R. P. Murray, B.S.A., Provincial Horticulturist, Victoria, B.C.\n*G. E. W. Clarke, B.S.A., Supervising Horticulturist, Abbotsford, B.C.\n*J. A. Smith, B.S.A., Supervising Horticulturist, Kelowna, B.C.\n*D. A. Allan, B.S.A., District Horticulturist, Oliver, B.C.\nW. T. Baverstock, District Horticulturist, Vernon, B.C.\n*I. C. Carne, B.S.A., District Horticulturist, Salmon Arm, B.C.\n*W. D. Christie, B.S.A., District Horticulturist, Abbotsford, B.C.\n*Alan E. Littler, B.S.A., District Horticulturist, Victoria, B.C.\n*W. F. Morton, B.S.A., District Horticulturist, Kelowna, B.C.\n*J. E. Swales, B.S.A., District Horticulturist, Creston, B.C.\n*G. R. Thorpe, B.S.A., District Horticulturist, New Westminster, B.C.\n*M. P. D. Trumpour, B.S.A., District Horticulturist, Penticton, B.C.\n*A. W. Watt, B.S.A., District Horticulturist, West Summerland, B.C.\n*R. M. Wilson, B.S.A., District Horticulturist, Kamloops, B.C.\n*A. C. Carter, B.S.A., Assistant District Horticulturist, Penticton, B.C.\n*E. M. King, B.S.A., Assistant District Horticulturist, Kelowna, B.C.\n*M. G. Oswell, B.S.A., Assistant District Horticulturist, Vernon, B.C.\n*J. L. Webster, B.S.A., Horticulturist, 635 Burrard Street, Vancouver, B.C.\nApiary:\nJ. Corner, Provincial Apiarist, Court-house, Vernon, B.C.\nV. E. Thorgeirson, Apiary Inspector, R.R. 6, New Westminster, B.C.\nPlant Pathology:\n*W. R. Foster, M.Sc, Plant Pathologist, Victoria, B.C.\n*I. C. MacSwan, B.S.A., Assistant Plant Pathologist, Vancouver, B.C.\nEntomology:\nC. L. Neilson, B.S.A., Provincial Entomologist, Vernon, B.C.\nLive Stock:\n*W. R. Gunn, B.S.A., B.V.Sc, V.S., Live Stock Commissioner and Chief Veterinary Inspector.\n*F. C. Clark, M.S.A., Live Stock Inspector, New Westminster, B.C.\nThomas Moore, Recorder of Animal Brands, Victoria, B.C.\nT. J. Batten, Brand Inspector, Nicola, B.C.\nA. J. Duck, Brand Inspector, Kamloops, B.C.\nP. G. Lawrence, Brand Inspector, .Victoria, B.C.\nA. P. Newhouse, Brand Inspector, Williams Lake, B.C.\n* Member of the British Columbia Institute of Agrologists.\n5\n Z 6\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nlivestock\u2014Continued Bill \u2022 u n\nuve w k B h victoria, B.C.\nR. J-WEIR, Clert Live Moc Inspector, Nelson, B.C.\nj. J. Carney, D.V.M., VA, ^ \/ inspector, Kamloops, B.C.\nr^r^RK D \u00a5Ml'vetlr nary Inspector, Penticton, B.C.\n\u00a3 w r\u2122r MR.C.V.S., Veterinary Inspector, Abbotsford, B.C.\nA Kjdd! OV.M., D.V.P.H., Assistant to the Live Stock Commissioner and Chief Veterinarj\np t ud?\u00a3\u2122v\u00a3\u00bb-\u2122->veterinar*inspector' Neison> bc- I\nw R LEGiwDVM-, V.S., M.S., Ph.D., Veterinary Inspector, Victoria, B.C.\nS Munro, Deputy Brand Inspector, Clinton, B.C.\n1 MusTard, D V.M., V.S., Veterinary Inspector, New Westminster B.C.\nK H. Thompson, D.V.M., Veterinary Inspector, Prince George, B.C\nT A Mace Superintendent, Dairy Herd Improvement Associations, Victoria, B.C.\nHarry Iohnson, Inspector, Dairy Herd Improvement Associations, Victoria, B.C.\nDairy:\n*F C Wasson, M.S.A., Dairy Commissioner, Victoria, B.C.\n*N. H. Ingledew, B.S.A., M.S.A., Dairy Inspector, Nelson, B.C.\n*G. D. Johnson, Dairy Inspector, Kelowna, B.C.\n*g! Patchett, Dairy Inspector, Victoria, B.C.\n*K. G. Savage, M.S.A., Dairy Inspector, Vancouver, B.C.\n*D. E. Thompson, B.S.A., Dairy Inspector, Vancouver, B.C.\n*D. D. Wilson, B.S.A., Dairy Inspector, Victoria, B.C.\nPoultry:\n*W. H. Pope, Poultry Inspector, Victoria, B.C.\nH. C. Gasperdone, B.S.A., Poultry Inspector, Vernon, B.C.\nN. J. Supeene, B.S.A., Poultry Inspector, New Westminster, B.C.\nC. W. Wood, B.S.A., Poultry Inspector, New Westminster, B.C.\nField Crops:\n*N. F. Putnam, M.Sc, Field Crops Commissioner, Victoria, B.C.\n*C. H. Nelson, B.S.A., Assistant Field Crops Commissioner, Victoria, B.C.\n*E. C. Hughes, B.S.A., Assistant in Field Crops, New Westminster, B.C.\nJ. H. Neufeld, B.S.A., Soil Analyst, Victoria, B.C.\nFarmers' Institutes:\nL. W. Johnson, Superintendent of Farmers' Institutes, Victoria, B.C.\nWomen's Institutes:\nMrs. Stella E. Gummow, Superintendent of Women's Institutes, Victoria, B.C.\nSoil Survey:\n*C. C. Kelley, B.S.A., Soil Surveyor, Kelowna, B.C.\n*C. C. Brownlee, B.S.A., Assistant Soil Surveyor, Kelowna, B.C.\n*R. G. Garry, B.S.A., Assistant Soil Surveyor, Kelowna, B.C.\n*A. J. Green, B.S.A., M.Sc, Assistant Soil Surveyor, Kelowna, B.C.\n*W. D. Holland, B.Sc, Assistant Soil Surveyor, Kelowna, B.C.\n*P. N. Sprout, B.S.A., Assistant Soil Surveyor, Kelowna, B.C.\n*A. L. van Ryswyk, B.S.A., Assistant Soil Surveyor, Kelowna, B.C.\nAgricultural Development and Extension:\n*G. L. Landon, B.S.A., Director, Victoria, B.C.\n*L S. Allin, B.S.A., Supervising Agriculturist, Victoria, B.C.\n^p'Luyat' B,S,A-' Supervising Agriculturist, Kamloops, B.C.\n\u2666 a V* rREST\u00b0^ o :SA-' SuPervising Agriculturist, Prince George, B.C.\n*t \\v ^LLAN' B,S*A-' District Agriculturist, Creston, B.C.\nJ. W. Awmack B.S.A., District Agriculturist, Cranbrook, B.C.\nR. C. Bailey, B.SA., District Agriculturist, Vernon, B.C.\n*R W bS \u00ab'S'^ Di8trict A^culturist, New Westminster, B.C.\n*G T* CaiZ* p *h Dlf1Ct ASriculturist, Fort St. John, B.C.\n*L F^CarmiThapt M^Ex!fnfon Agricultural Engineer, Victoria, B.C\n J^Carmichael, M.Sc, District Agriculturist, Grand Forks, B.C.\n* Member of the British Columbia Institute of Agrologists.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 7\nAgricultural Development and Extension\u2014Continued\n*D. C. Crossfield, B.S.A., Assistant District Agriculturist, Duncan, B.C. *\n*G. Cruickshank, B.S.A., District Agriculturist, Chilliwack, B.C.\n*P. E. Ewert, B.S.A., District Agriculturist, Mission, B.C.\n*R. C. Fry, B.S.A., Assistant District Agriculturist, Kamloops, B.C.\n*J. D. Hazlette, B.S.A., District Agriculturist, Duncan, B.C.\n*K. R. Jameson, B.S.A., District Agriculturist, Smithers, B.C. .\n*A. M. Johnson, B.Sc, District Agriculturist, Dawson Creek, B.C.\n*Miss E. L. R. Lidster, B.S.A., Supervisor, 4-H Clubs, Victoria, B.C.\nK. E. May, B.S.A., Assistant Extension Agricultural Engineer, Victoria, B.C.\n*G. A. Muirhead, B.S.A., District Agriculturist, New Westminster, B.C.\n*J. A. Pelter, B.S.A., District Agriculturist, Vanderhoof, B.C.\n*S. B. Peterson, B.S.A., District Agriculturist, Courtenay, B.C.\n*A. R. Tarves, B.S.A., District Agriculturist, Quesnel, B.C.\n*M. J. Walsh, B.S.A., District Agriculturist, Williams Lake, B.C.\n*R. L. Wilkinson, B.S.A., District Agriculturist, Kamloops, B.C.\n*J. V. Zacharias, B.S.A., District Agriculturist, Prince George, B.C.\nGordon MacDonald, Accountant, Federal-Provincial Farm Labour Service, 411 Dunsmuir\nStreet, Vancouver 3, B.C.\nW. G. Reed, Mechanical Superintendent, Land-clearing Division, 411 Dunsmuir Street, Vancouver 3, B.C. p I\nH. Barber, Accounts, Land-clearing Division, 411 Dunsmuir Street, Vancouver 3, B.C.\n* Member of the British Columbia Institute of Agrologists.\n TABLE OF CONTENTS\nPage\nReport of Deputy Minister i i\nReport of Statistician 15\nReport of Markets Branch 20\nReport of Horticultural Branch..! 23\nReport of Apiary Branch I.39\nReport of Plant Pathology Branch.... 42\nReport of Provincial Entomologist 45\nReport of Dairy Branch 47\nReport of Poultry Branch I 5 \\\nReport of Live Stock Branch.. 55\nReport of Field Crops Branch 76\nReport of Farmers' Institutes 82\nReport of Women's Institutes 8 7\nReport of Soil Survey Branch 91\nReport of Agricultural Development and Extension Branch 97\nAppendices\u2014 W If\nNo. 1. Plants Manufacturing, Processing, and Distributing Dairy Products during 1954 I 116\nNo. 2. Inspected Slaughtering of Live Stock, December 1st, 1953, to November 30th, 1954 118\nNo. 3. Beef Carcasses Graded in British Columbia, December 1st, 1953, to\nfl I November 30th, 1954 119\nNo. 4. Average Prices for Cattle, December 1st, 1953, to November 30th, 1954 120\nNo. 5. Provincial Bull Sale and Fat Stock Show, Kamloops, March 9th to 11th,\n1954 _\u2022_ 120\nNo. 6. Provincial Dairy Herd Improvement Associations 121\nNo. 7. Breed Averages for 1953 121\nNo. 8. Average Prices for Lambs, December 1st, 1953, to November 30th,\n1 1954 - 122\nNo. 9. Average Prices for Hogs, December 1st, 1953, to November 30th, 1954 122\nNo. 10. Dairy Herds and Premises Inspected and Graded under the | Milk\nAct\" from December 1st, 1953, to November 30th, 1954 123\nNo. 11. Calfhood Vaccinations in Disease-free Areas 124\nNo. 12. List of Licensees 124\nNo. 13. Cattle and Hide Shipments, 1954___\"_ 130\nNo. 14. Southern Interior Stockmen's Association Cattle Sale, September 1st,\n1954 131\nNo. 15. Seventeenth Annual Cariboo Feeder and Fat Cattle Sale and Show,\nSeptember 1st, 1954 132\nNo. 16. Summary of Grain Screenings from British Columbia Merchants, January 1st to October 31st, 1954 \u2014 133\nNo. 17. Summary of Movement of Grain Screenings from British Columbia\nElevators, January 1st to October 31st, 1954 134\n9\n Report of the Department of Agriculture\nREPORT OF DEPUTY MINISTER OF AGRICULTURE\nThe Honourable W. K. Kiernan,\nMinister of Agriculture, Victoria, B.C.\nSir,\u2014I have the honour to submit herewith the Forty-ninth Report of the Department of Agriculture for the year ended December 31st, 1954.\nThe Report, as submitted, contains reviews of the responsibilities and activities of\neach of the branches constituting your Department. These are, of necessity, brief and\ngeneral in nature. Detailed information, supplied by all of the branch and division heads,\nand by each member of the field staffs, is on file in the Department. This material\nprovides, in the aggregate, statistical, historical, and practical data which outline comprehensively the extent to which your Department contributes to the welfare and development of agriculture throughout the Province.\nAs indicated in the branch reports, adverse weather conditions during 1954 created\nproblems and hazards which affected seriously farm production and farm operations\nwithin the Province.\nWe were, however, in the final analysis in a better position than Canada as a whole\nand particularly the Prairie Provinces. Estimated net farm income for all of Canada is\nsubstantially reduced from that of recent previous years and 12.1 per cent below the\nfigure for 1953.\nBritish Columbia farm cash income from the sale of farm products in 1954 is\nestimated at $103,623,000, an increase of 0.2 per cent from 1953. Lower prices of\nseveral commodities were offset by higher aggregate production.\nFarmers generally are concerned by a number of factors, including difficulties affecting the free flow of international trade, the apparent surpluses, the efforts to depress\nprices of certain agricultural commodities at various levels, and the increased costs of\nlabour, goods, and services necessary to the efficient operation of an agricultural holding.\nThere is a continually increasing demand and need for the various services provided\nby and available from your Department.\nIt is more necessary than ever to review constantly Provincial, National, and International conditions, to determine trends in production and marketing, and their potential\ninfluence on our British Columbia farm economy.\nDepartmental policies, programmes, and projects will, of necessity, require continued\nanalytical examination and be subject to such change and redesign as conditions warrant.\nThe active participation of farm groups and individuals, the fullest integration of\nactivities of Federal, University, and Provincial technical personnel is becoming increasingly necessary in carrying out measures designed to strengthen the agricultural section\nof our economy. #' |p\nFurther marketing research is essential. Means must be developed for conveying\nto, and impressing on, producers of agricultural commodities the consumer outlets, and\nthe volume and demand in these, available now and in the foreseeable future, as well as\nthe standards of quality and packaging necessary to maximum consumer acceptance.\nSteps which have already been initiated and others to be developed in 1955 will, it\nis hoped, contribute much to those objectives. M\n11\n Z 12\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nCONFERENCE OF PROVINCIAL MINISTERS AND\nDEPUTY MINISTERS \u00a7|\nThe fifth annual conference of Provincial Ministers of Agriculture and their Deputy\nMinisters was held in the Province of Alberta at the invitation of the Honourable 11\nHalmrast, Minister of Agriculture for Alberta. The dates of the meetings were August\n^hose in attendance were the Honourable Colin H. Chisholm, Minister of Agriculture Nova Scotia; Dr. F. W. Walsh, Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Nova Scotia-\nthe Honourable C. C. Baker, Minister of Agriculture, Prmce Edward Island; S. |\nWright Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Prince Edward Island; the Honourable C. B\nSherwood, Minister of Agriculture, New Brunswick; J. K. King, Deputy Minister of\nAgriculture, New Brunswick; Rene Trepanier, Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Quebec;\nC. D. Graham, Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Ontario; the Honourable R. Robertson,\nMinister of Agriculture, Manitoba; J. R. Bell, Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Manitoba;\nthe Honourable I. C. Nollet, Minister of Agriculture, Saskatchewan; W. H. Horner,'\nDeputy Minister of Agriculture, Saskatchewan; the Honourable L. C. Halmrast, Minister\nof Agriculture, Alberta; Dr. O. S. Longman, Deputy Minister of Agriculture, Alberta;\nthe Honourable W. K. Kiernan, Minister of Agriculture for British Columbia; and W.\nMacGillivray, Deputy Minister of Agriculture for British Columbia. There was no\nrepresentation from the Province of Newfoundland, and the Honourable Laurent Barre,\nMinister of Agriculture for Quebec, and the Honourable F. C. Thomas, Minister of Agriculture for Ontario, were unable to attend.\nThe conference met in the Legislative Assembly, Edmonton. Discussions on matters\nof mutual interest and concern in the spheres of responsibility of Provincial Departments\nof Agriculture occupied the first two days.\nAn opportunity was also afforded of observing various phases of Alberta's great oil\nand gas development through visits to certain refineries and plants one evening.\nThe Government of Alberta entertained the delegates at a banquet addressed by\nPremier E. C. Manning.\nArrangements were made to enable those in attendance to view cross-sections of\nAlberta's agriculture, including dairying, mixed farming, grain-growing, cattle-ranching,\nrange management and conservation, irrigation, and the manufacture and testing of\nagricultural machinery designed to meet conditions peculiar to areas such as Southern\nAlberta. |\nThe conference discussions were realistic, objective, and definitely valuable to all\nconcerned. Detailed minutes are on file.\nSTAFF CHANGES\nThe following appointments and resignations were effective during the year:\nAppointments\nD. C. Crossfield, Assistant District Agriculturist, January 1st.\nMrs. L. E. Stanley, Stenographer, January 13th.\nMiss F. Hodges, Stenographer, February 11th.\nMrs. F. Y. Johnson, Stenographer, March 29th.\nMiss M. J. Robinson, Laboratory Assistant, April 11th.\nMrs. M. J. McAlpine, Stenographer, April 14th.\nMiss I. M. Chisholm, Stenographer, May 1st.\n?\/* EwW^Gilchrist> Veterinary Inspector, May 1st.\nMrs^M. F. Ritson, Stenographer, May 7th.\nC. H. Brownlee, Assistant Soil Surveyor, May 17th\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 13\nA. L. vanRyswyk, Assistant Soil Surveyor, June 1st.\nR. L. Wilkinson, District Agriculturist, June 1st.\nMiss S. B. Neglowich, Stenographer, June 14th.\nMiss I. J. Knox, Stenographer, June 19th.\nMiss J. E. Griffith, Stenographer, June 21st.\nMiss J. C. Townsend, Stenographer, June 21st.\nDr. J. Mustard, Veterinary Inspector, July 1st.\nR. L. Bradshaw, District Agriculturist, July 5th.\nK. E. May, Assistant Extension Agricultural Engineer, August 1st.\nD. E. Thompson, Dairy Inspector, August 16th.\nMiss M. J. Pavlis, Stenographer, October 4th.\nMiss I. B. Sparks, Stenographer, October 12th.\nMiss M. T. Hay, Stenographer, October 18th.\nMrs. G. Perreten, Stenographer, October 26th.\nMrs. H. E. Champoux, Stenographer, November 1st.\nN. J. Supeene, Poultry Inspector, November 15th.\nR. Klatt, Clerk, November 17th. If I\nR. C. Fry, Assistant District Agriculturist, November 23rd.\nC. W. Wood, Poultry Inspector, December 13th.%\nMiss M. Neale, Clerk, December 15th.\nDr. K. H. Thompson, Veterinary Inspector, August 27th.\nTransfers\nMiss L. A. Jarvis, Stenographer, January 16th.\nResignations\nJ. R. Caverhill, Assistant Director, Land-clearing Division, January 31st.\nMrs. E. F. Nikkei, Stenographer, January 31st.\nMrs. S. M. Crooks, Stenographer, February 28th.\nMrs. M. Mackay, Stenographer, February 28th.\nFrank Martin, District Agriculturist, March 31st.\nMrs. M. M. Gowan, Stenographer, April 27th.\nMiss B. M. Coles, Laboratory Assistant, April 29th.\nMrs. W. M. Morgan, Stenographer, April 30th.\nH. Riehl, Dairy Inspector, April 30th.\nMiss M. L. Sutherland, Stenographer, May 11th.\nMiss F. E. Forbes, Stenographer, May 12th.\nH. R. Anderson, District Agriculturist, May 14th.\nJ. D. Lindsay, Assistant Soil Surveyor, June 9th.\nMrs. F. Y. Johnson, Stenographer, June 17th.\nA. D. McMechan, Assistant Extension Agricultural Engineer, June 30th.\nMrs. L. E. Stanley, Stenographer, June 30th.\nMiss N. I. Wicklund, Stenographer, June 30th. ^\nT. W. G. Duncan, Assistant District Agriculturist, August 31st.\nC. V. Faulknor, Agriculturist, August 31st.\nMiss J. C. Townsend, Stenographer, September 3rd.\nMrs. G. I. M. Ross, Stenographer, September 10th.\nMrs. S. D. Fisher-Fleming, Stenographer, September 30th.\nMiss M. A. Skene, Stenographer, October 9th.\nMrs. J. P. Holder, Stenographer, October 15th.\nMiss I. J. Knox, Stenographer, November 5th.\nW. J. Wakely, Poultry Inspector, November 30th.\n Z 14\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nMrs E. Tennant, Stenographer, December 15th.\nZs. S. M. Glassford, Clerk, December 31st.\nSuperannuation\nG H Thornbery, Supervisor, Dairy Herd Improvement Associations, April 30th.\nW. H. Robertson, Deputy Minister, May 31 st.\nPUBLICATIONS\nThe following is a list of new and revised publications printed in 1954:\u2014\nReports\nAgricultural Statistics.\nClimate of British Columbia.\nBulletins and Circulars\n\u00a7Beehive Construction for Beginners A.C. 10\nGrape Growing in British Columbia H.C. 78\nMaggots in Turnips E.C. 13\nPlanting an Orchard H.C. 62\nSilos and Silage B. 66\nThe Fraser Valley I No. 5\nThe Home Vegetable Garden H.C. 43\nU.B.C. Feed Formulas for Poultry P.C. 37\nVegetable Varieties, Descriptions, and Uses H.C. 77\nCharts\nChemical Weed Control.\nFertilizer Recommendations.\nTree-fruit Spray Calendar.\nCONCLUSION\nMr. W. H. Robertson, Deputy Minister of Agriculture, since November, 1950,\nretired on superannuation May 31st.\nA graduate in Agriculture from the University of Toronto (O.A.C.) in 1911, he\njoined the staff of this Department in 1912. Mr. Robertson had held successively the\npositions of Horticulturist, Provincial Horticulturist, Assistant Deputy Minister, and\nDeputy Minister. His long and valuable association with the Department was interrupted only by the several years he served with the 58th Canadian Field Artillery in\nWorld War I, during which he was wounded severely. \u00a71\nMr. Robertson has the best wishes of the entire staff for many years of happiness\nin a retirement that will not be inactive.\nI wish to express my sincere thanks to the staff members who have loyally and\nefficiently served the Department and the people of British Columbia during the year.\nI would be remiss if I did not convey grateful appreciation to the officials of the\nCanada Department of Agriculture and of other departments of the Provincial Government, to the Faculty of Agriculture at the University of British Columbia, to farm\norganizations and other agencies and individuals who have so generously assisted us\nthroughout the year.\nRespectfully submitted.\nW. MacGILLIVRAY,\nDeputy Minister of Agriculture.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 15\nREPORT OF AGRICULTURAL STATISTICIAN!\nG. H. Stewart, Agricultural Statistician\nI HORTICULTURAL CROPS\nClimatic Conditions\nThe winter of 1953-54 was generally mild in all areas, with the exception of a short\nperiod of below-zero temperatures in the Okanagan District, which caused a considerable\namount of damage to the fruit buds of peaches, apricots, and cherries. Snowfall was\nsomewhat heavier than usual in the Lower Fraser Valley but about normal in the\nOkanagan and Kootenays.\nDamaging frosts were experienced on the nights of April 28th, 29th, and 30th,\ncausing further damage to tree-fruit buds in the Okanagan.\nCool, showery weather throughout the summer delayed the ripening of all fruits.\nSatisfactory weather conditions during the latter part of September and October permitted the apple-crop to be satisfactorily harvested.\nCold weather and spring frosts reduced the yields of all small fruits considerably.\nWet weather at harvest-time caused heavy splitting to the cherry and prune crops.\nTree-fruits\nThe 1954 apple-crop is now estimated at 7,121,100 boxes, an increase of 18 per\ncent from 1953.\nProduction of pears in 1954 is now set at 674,200 boxes, 13 per cent less than in\n1953. - 1 f gjS 1\nThe 1954 plum and prune crop is now estimated at 740,000 crates, 2 per cent below\nthat of 1953. | 1\nLatest estimates place the 1954 peach-crop at 667,100 crates, a reduction of 51 per\ncent from last year.\nThe 1954 apricot-crop is estimated at 395,100 crates, 4 per cent below the 1953\nproduction.\nLatest estimates place the 1954 cherry-crop at 256,500 crates, which is 21 per cent\nless than last year.\nSmall Fruits\nThe 1954 strawberry-crop, estimated at 700,700 crates, represents a decrease of\n312,436 crates or 31 per cent from last year.\nLatest estimates place the 1954 raspberry-crop at 752,000 crates, 8 per cent below\nthe 1953 production.\nProduction of loganberries and blackberries in 1954 were slightly below the 1953\ntotals.\nThe 1954 grape-crop, estimated at 1,370,000 pounds, is 40 per cent below that\nof 1953. | p 1\nA comparative table of actual fruit production for 1953, with estimated production\nfor 1954, is as follows:\u2014\n BRITISH COLUMBIA\nZ 16\nActual Estimated\nProduction, Production,\n1953 1954\nAn22 b0XeS 6>002'477 7,121,100\n~pPies-T\"T~ ___ 1 89,364 119 800\nCrab-apples \" nv> ann Jn*?\nPpars I 772,677 674,200\npE< crates 103'200 95>40\u00b0\nP^nes HI I 651'444 644>6\u00b00\nSes \u00bb 1,356,588 667,100\nApricots 1 I 411>770 395,100\nCherries I 1 325,945 256,500\nStrawberries I 1,013,136 700,700\nRaspberries 1 816>793 752,000f\nLoganberries 1 93J48 89,200\nBlackberries I 48>988 40,900\nRed currants I 2>386 3,000*\nBlack currants j 9>121 6,500\nGooseberries j 3,952 4,600;E-\nGrapes | lb- 2,265,234 1,370,000|\nVegetables\nThe vegetable acreage is down about 1,160 acres from last year. Reduced acreages\nof beans, celery, onions, spinach, and tomatoes account for most of the decrease. The\ncool, backward season was not favourable to such crops as beans, corn, cucumbers, and\ntomatoes, and yields of these crops were below average. Yields of vegetable root-crops,\nincluding beets, carrots, parsnips, and turnips, exceeded those of the previous season.\nPrices generally have been on a par with last year.\nActual production of principal vegetable-crops in British Columbia for 1953, with\nestimated production for 1954, is as follows:\u2014\nKind\nYear\nPlanted\nArea\nAverage\nYield per\nAcre\nTotal\nProduction\nAverage\nPrice per\nPound\nTotal Value\nAsparagus\t\nBeans, green and wax\nBeets\t\nCabbage\t\nCarrots\t\nCauliflower\t\nCelery\t\nCorn\t\nLettuce\t\nOnions\t\nParsnips\t\nPeas, green\t\nSpinach\t\nTomatoes\t\nTurnips\t\nTotals\t\n1953\n1954\n1953\n1954\n1953\n1954\n1953\n1954\n1953\n1954\n1953\n1954\n1953\n1954\n1953\n1954\n1953\n1954\n1953\n1954\n1953\n1954\n1953\n1954\n1953\n1954\n1953\n1954\n1953\n1954\nAcres\n186\n440\n1,439\n1,270\n358\n330\n560\n590\n895\n860\n431\n410\n632\n560\n2,149\n2,140\n688\n650\n987\n790\n111\n110\n4,037\n4,240\n468\n370\n2,767\n1,800\n311\n300\nLb.\n3,169\n2,100\n8,616\n6,500\n12,548\n18,300\n11,980\n15,800\n13,537\n19,100\n7,434\n9,800\n7,578\n9,400\n8,340\n4,900\n16,502\n12,600\n19,764\n24,500\n9,486\n12,500\n3,875\n3,000\n6,160\n7,900\n12,060\n9,000\n9,040\n23,400\n1953\n1954\n16,019\n14,860\nLb.\n589,400\n924,000\n12,398,628\n8,255,000\n4,492,300\n6,039,000\n6,708,967\n9,322,000\n12,115,395\n16,426,000\n3,204,302\n4,018,000\n4,789,329\n5,264,000\n17,921,765\n10,486,000\n11,353,640\n8,190,000\n19,507,527\n19,355,000\n1,052,910\n1,375,000\n15,642,795\n12,720,000\n2,883,069\n2,923,000\n33,372,650\n16,200,000\n2,811,450\n7,020,000\nCents\n18.50\n17.00\n5.30\n5.00\n3.55\n3.90\n3.36\n2.80\n3.06\n3.10\n6.49\n6.80\n3.64\n3.70\n1.73\n1.80\n4.09\n4.20\n2.59\n3.00\n4.24\n4.40\n4.83\n5.30\n4.63\n5.30\n3.80\n3.50\n2.68\n2.90\n148,844,127\n128,517,000\n108,950\n157,000\n657,599\n413,000\n159,361\n236,000\n226,030\n261,000\n370,601\n509,000\n207,906\n273,000\n174,672\n195,000\n311,148\n189,000\n465,236\n344,000\n506,065\n581,000\n44,635\n61,000\n756,187\n674,000\n133,621\n155,000\n1,268,065\n567,000\n75,519\n204,000\n1^59T\n4,819,000\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954\nZ 17\nField Crops\nThe unusually wet summer throughout all areas of the Province has hampered field-\ncrop production. Because of the favourable moisture conditions, pastures, although late\nin the spring, have produced well.\nContinued wet weather made haying difficult, so that much overripe or weathered\nhay was harvested. In the Cariboo, where ranchers depend on native meadows for hay,\nthe wet weather hampered operations, and there is a serious shortage in those areas.\nThere has been a large increase in the amount of silage put up to offset the bad haying\nweather.\nGrain production in the Peace River Block was also seriously affected. Because of\nthe late spring, wheat acreage was down about 15 per cent and oat acreage also showed\na reduction. On the other hand, barley acreage was up and more land is in summer\nfallow. Continued wet weather in the fall made harvesting difficult and lowered grades.\nHowever, fine weather prevailed during the last two weeks of October, which enabled\nthreshing operations to be completed. Crop yields were only average. In the North\nOkanagan, yields of cereal-crops were good, but quality was down due to poor harvesting\nweather, as is true in the Creston Flats.\nGood yields of potatoes have been harvested, but late blight has caused considerable\nloss, particularly in the Coast areas. m \u00a7^ M w\nNovember estimate of the 1954 production of principal field crops in British\nColumbia, compared with latest estimates for 1953, is as follows:\u2014\nCrop\nArea\n1953\n1954\nYield per Acre\n1953\n19541\nProduction\n1953\n19541\nSpring wheat...\nOats for grain.\nBarley\t\nFall rye\t\nMixed grains...\nPeas (dry)\t\nPotatoes\t\nFlax-seed\t\nTame hay\t\nFodder-corn.\nAcres\nAcres\nBu.\nBu.\nBu.\n81,400\n70,000\n32.0\n25.0\n2,605,000\n98,000\n84,400\n57.0\n47.0\n5,586,000\n67,900\n75,400\n40.0\n| 31.0\n2,716,000\n5,500\n5,000\n29.0\n20.0\n160,000\n2,900\n2,900\n57.0\n43.0\n165,000\n2,100\n2,400\n27.5\n33.0\n58,000\n11,300\n10,200\n300.0\n282.0\n3,390,000\n5,000\n10,000\n15.0\n10.0\n75,000\nTons\nTons\nTons\n309,000\n304,000\n2.50\n2.40\n772,000\n3,100\n2,400\n12.50\n14.00\n38,800\nBu.\n1,750,000\n3,967,000\n2,337,000\n100,000\n125,000\n79,000\n2,876,000\n100,000\nTons\n730,000\n33,600\n1 As indicated on basis of conditions on or about October 15th.\nForage-seed crops are down, particularly the legumes, and again the wet season\nprevented good harvesting weather and proper seed-set. Creeping red fescue, produced\nentirely in the Peace River District, was up slightly over last year.\nThe following table gives in summary the forage-seed production for 1953, and the\nestimated production for 1954 at the end of October:\u2014\n1953\nrf TMntJiPr's DflV With tulins.\noutdoor-grown daffodils and Mother's Day with tulips.\nThis season some 203,000 dozen outdoor-grown daffodil blooms were shipped air\nexpress to Eastern Canada, as well as large shipments by rail to Interior British Columbia\npoints. In addition, some 60,600 dozen outdoor-grown tulips were shipped to Eastern\nCanada by air express.\nThe forcing industry during the winter months of iris (Wedgewood chiefly), tulips\nand daffodils is increasing, and some growers on the Island are now specializing in this\nphase of the industry.\nBecause the bulb-growers are paying more attention to quality and well-graded\nbulbs, the demand both for forcing and the counter trade for British Columbia bulbs\nis improving. However, it will be necessary for the growers to increase the number of\nvarieties grown, particularly in tulips, if they want a larger part of the business. In\nBritish Columbia, tulip varieties in any quantity are limited to about five varieties, whereas\noutside competition can supply sixty to seventy main varieties. It is generally felt that\nif the British Columbia growers would grow around twenty-five of the main varieties of\ntulips, it would go a long way in cutting out importations. Until the British Columbia\nproducer can supply the home market with the kind, quantity, and quality of bulbs\ndemanded by the trade, they are going to be faced with keen competition from foreign\nsources.\nMushrooms\nThis industry is centred mainly in the Greater Vancouver and New Westminster\narea, although there are a few growers scattered throughout other parts of the Province.\nThe bulk of the crop is marketed in an orderly way through one agency, and fresh\nmushrooms are now available throughout the year. A processing plant takes care of any\nsurplus that would be forced on the fresh market if this service were not available.\nHolly\nIncreased interest is being shown in the production of holly. New plantings of\nnamed or selected types are now replacing the hit or miss methods of a few years ago.\nProduction is on the increase, and this year it is expected some 40 tons will be marketed\nfrom the Island and Lower Mainland.\nWith the use of hormone dips (napthalene-acetic acid) the holly is arriving in\nbetter condition than formerly, with good demand and good returns to the grower.\nThis year the Island growers are experimenting with a small package deal of about 4\nounces that is meeting with favour on all the markets where it has been introduced.\nFilberts\nFilberts are the only nut-crop produced on a commercial scale in this Province.\nThe industry is moving ahead, and the many small plantings grown more or less as a sideline that were producing ungraded, poor-quality nuts are giving way to the commercial\nproducer.\nTo meet the market demands for a properly processed and graded nut, equipment\nto harvest, wash, dry, bleach, and grade the crop has been installed. The product has\nimproved to such an extent that the price this year was around 25 cents per pound, an\nincrease of about 3V2 cents over last year.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 1954\nZ 29\nTobacco\nA limited acreage of tobacco is being grown in the Sumas area of the Fraser Valley\nby a small group of growers familiar with the crop and with facilities to handle it. This\nyear 95 acres were grown, producing an estimated 125,000 pounds. Although not\na favourable year, the long, open fall enabled the growers to harvest a crop of good\nquality. The crop is shipped to Eastern Canada for processing.\nINSPECTION WORK\nFire-blight Inspection\nThe usual inspection for hold-over cankers of fire-blight was made during the\ndormant season. The following acreages were inspected:\u2014 <|f\nFire-blight Inspection, 1954\nDistrict\nTotal Acres\nInspected\nInspected\nand Passed\nNot\nPassed\nCreston\t\nAcres\n89.70\n4,700.00\n6,015.00\n500.00\n173.00\n1,520.00\n17.00\n695.00\nAcres\n88.97\n4,650.00\n6,015.00\n500.00\n173.00\n1,520.00\n17.00\n695.00\nAcres\n0 73\nVernon \t\n50 00\nKelowna \t\nSummerland\t\nNaramata \t\nPenticton \t\nKaleden\t\nOliver\t\nTotals \t\n13,709.70\n13,658.97\n50.73\nNursery Inspection\nIn order to comply with the \"Plant Protection Act,\" 199 licences were issued to\nnurseries and nursery agents during the year at a price of $5 each, an increase of fifty\nlicences over last year.\nThe nursery industry is expanding steadily and is now supplying quite a percentage\nof stock, particularly ornamentals, to the other Provinces, in spite of very keen compe-\ntion from Europe.\nAgain this season the work of inspecting tree-fruit plantings for trueness to name was\ncarried out in all the nurseries. K. Lapins, of the Summerland Experimental Station, gave\nvaluable service in instructing members of the staff in this work. The nurserymen appreciate this service, since it helps to eliminate the possibility of shipping varieties not true\nto name, with consequent trouble from the purchasers. It is expected these summer\ninspections will become routine procedure from now on.\nNot only were the nurseries checked during the summer for trueness to variety, they\nwere also inspected again at digging-time this fall for crown-gall, hairy-root, and other\ndefects. The following table is a compilation of trees grown and inspected by the staff\nduring the year:\u2014\nNursery Inspection Report, 1954\nTrees\nNumber\nInspected\nNumber\nPassed\nNumber\nCondemned\nApples and crab-apples\nPears\t\nPlums and prunes\t\nCherries\t\nPeaches\t\nApricots\t\nMiscellaneous\t\nTotals\t\n69,922\n32,848\n5,588\n14,988\n20,403\n9,906\n437\n59,860\n32,234\n5,434\n13,936\n19,105\n9,238\n429\n10,062\n614\n154\n1,052\n1,298\n668\n8\n154,092\n140,236\n13,856\n BRITISH COLUMBIA\nZ 30\nThirty-nine inspections were made, and 8.99 per cent of the stock was condemned\nApart from the regular inspections for fire-blight and nurseries, assistance was also\nriven to the Canada Department of Agriculture by inspecting for bacterial ring-rot o\npotatoes entering the Province at Abbotsford and also nursery stock entering at Osoyoos,\nDEMONSTRATION WORK I\nPruning Demonstrations\nPruning demonstrations were carried out during the winter and early spring months\nThe following table indicates the district, number of demonstrations, and attendance: J\nNumber of Number of\nDemonstrations Pupils\nVancouver Island 13 563\nLower Mainland 14 518\nOkanagan 12 317\nTotals 39 |l,398\nAs will be noted, the Island and Fraser Valley Districts, although not what might be\ntermed commercial areas, have asked for a much greater number of demonstrations than\nthe Okanagan District. From observations during the past season, it would appear that\nvery little has been accomplished from pruning demonstrations in the coastal areas, and\nit is proposed to curtail this work and put the time to some better use.\nTomato Demonstration-plots\nThis work was started in 1952 with a 3-acre plot set up in Kelowna. This has been\nextended to include plots at Vernon and Kamloops. The object of this work is to demonstrate to the growers in the area how to improve not only yields, but the grade as well.\nDue to weather conditions this season, none of the plots turned out as expected;\nhowever, yields were improved over the district average.\nThe following is a brief summary by those responsible for this work:\u2014\nKamloops, Stockton Ranch.\u2014As reported by R. M. Wilson, District Horticulturist:\n\" The plants were grown by Chinese labour and set in the field May 26th. Plants were\nrather weak. In June, spray drift from Public Works roadside spraying injured plants\nclose to the highway. About midsummer the owner applied 400 pounds of 8-10-5\nfertilizer as a side dressing in an attempt to improve growth. The yield was 7.7 tons from\nthe acre plot, as compared with 5.9 tons produced on the grower's adjacent field of\n12 acres.\"\nVernon, Ouiche Ranch.\u2014As reported by W. T. Baverstock, District Horticulturist:\n\" Due to one of the coldest and wettest seasons in many years, the first fruit trusses failed\nto set, making the crop two to three weeks late. During July a hail-storm did severe\ndamage to the crop; the fruit was cut, allowing rots to enter later on; immediately after\nthe first picking a killing frost on September 30th wiped out the balance of the crop. The\nyield was only 5,160 pounds, as compared with 21,070 pounds in 1953.\"\nKelowna, Casorso Ranch.\u2014As reported by W. F. Morton, District Horticulturist:\n\" Late May and June were so cold that tomatoes grew very slowly. As the cool weather\ncontinued, the aphis population increased and the plants began to show symptoms of\nvarious virous and fungous diseases. The result was poor yield and poor quality.\nI Three hundred banded plants were used this year. From calculations based on\nthe yield from these plants, the grower could have paid up to $60 per thousand for the\nplants and taken the early yield as a bonus.\n\"Actual and calculated yields per acre of tomatoes from the demonstration-plot were\nas follows: (1) Actual yield, 11,740 pounds; (2) yield if all plants were unhanded,\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954\nZ 31\n10,330 pounds; (3) yield if all plants were banded, 21,200 pounds; (4) yield on\ngrower's field, three years in alfalfa, followed by onions and then tomatoes, 10,248 pounds.\n\"In connection with the tomato-plot work, other vegetable-crops will be grown\nfollowing tomatoes. At Kelowha this year, onions were seeded on one-half acre set out\nin 1952 following a fall-sown cover-crop of Austrian winter peas, disked down the following June, and reseeded to Hungarian millet. The other one-half acre was seeded to\nsweet clover.\n\"Yields calculated on an acre basis were as follows: (1) Preceded by Austrian\nwinter peas and Hungarian millet, 22.8 tons per acre; (2) preceded by sweet clover,\n14.96 tons per acre\u2014a difference of almost 50 per cent. A near-by field of onions grown\nby the same owner on land cropped to onions for two successive years following three\nyears in alfalfa produced 15.53 tons.\"\nOnion Trials\nFertilizer trials with onions were conducted by W. T. Baverstock, District Horticulturist, Vernon, comparing different fertilizers at various rates. The fertilizer was\nbroadcast prior to seeding April 27th and cultivated in. Plots were one-twentieth of\nan acre.\nPlot\nMaterial\nRate in\nPounds per\nAcre\nYield in Tons per Acre\n1953\n1954\nNo. 1. \t\nNo. 2\t\nNo. 3\t\nNo. 4\t\nNo. 5 \t\nNo. 6\t\nNo. 7\t\n16-20-0\n16-20-0\n8-10-5\n8-10-5\n6-30-15\n6-30-15\nCheck\n500\n1,000\n500\n1,000\n500\n1,000\n17.3\n19.2\n20.6\n21.0\n21.3\n21.7\n17.3\n14.3\n13.4\n16.3\n14.1\n12.4\n10.7\n13.6\nConclusions.\u2014Due to seasonal conditions, yields of onions were below average.\nHigher applications of fertilizer appear not to be justified.\nAsparagus Fertilizer Trials\nThis crop is increasing in the northern portion of the Okanagan and fertilizer trials\nare being carried out by I. C. Carne, District Horticulturist, Salmon Arm, and W. T.\nBaverstock, District Horticulturist, Vernon. The plots at Salmon Arm have just been set\nup on a new planting, and no results can be expected for some time. However, it was\nobserved this summer that the check-rows were definitely stunted. , m \u00a7\nIn the Vernon trials two sets of plots have been set up\u2014one dry-farmed and the\nother under sprinklers. The following results are very interesting. Both plots were treated\nthe same; that is, the fertilizer was made in two applications\u2014the first in early spring and\nthe second immediately after the cutting season was over. #\nObservation.\u2014First picking was made on May 9th and the last picking on June\n17th, a total of thirty-nine days' picking.\nDry-farmed (Size of Plots,\nOne-twentieth of an Acre)\nPlot\nMaterial\nRate in\nPounds per\nAcre\nYield in Pounds per Acre\n1953\n1954\nNo. 1 _. ___.\n33-0-0\n33-0-0\n16-20-0\n16-20-0\n6-10-10\n6-10-10\nCheck\n500\n1,000\n500\n1,000\n700\n1,200\n4,095\n3,660\n3,615\n3,475\n3,600\n3,240\n3,615\n4,770\nNo. 2 \t\n3,795\nNo. 3\t\n3,880\nNo. 4\u201e \t\n3,630\nNo. 5 \t\n4,095\nNo. 6 \t\n3,540\nNo. 7\t\n3,795\n Z 32\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nConclusion.-Once again the higher applications are not justified, as | most\nthe higher applications actually gave a lower yield. |\nObservation.\u2014First picking was made on May 9th and continued to June 24th\ntotal of forty-six days' picking.\nUnder Sprinklers (Size of Plots, One-twentieth of an Acre)\n, a\nPlot\nMaterial\nRate in\nPounds per\nAcre\nYield in Pounds per Acre\n1953\nNo. 1.\nNo. 2\nNo. 3.\nNo. 4.\nNo. 5.\nNo. 6\nNo. 7.\n33-0-0\n33-0-0\n16-20-0\n16-20-0\n6-10-10\n6-10-10\nCheck\n500\n1,000\n500\n1,000\n700\n1,200\n3,225\n3,455\n2,450\n3,755\n3,780\n3,480\n3,010\n1954\n4,570\n4,370\n4,200\n4,525\n4,080\n4,425\n3,375\nConclusion.\u2014It is noted in this experiment that the higher application of fertilizer\nin some instances has acted slightly different with sprinklers than with no irrigation as\nat Armstrong. \u00a7\nThe fertilizer trials with apples at Kelowna, started in 1928, are being continued,\nThese are the oldest fertilizer trials in the Northwest. Up to the present no discernible\ndifference can be noted in any of the plots. Yields and grades have remained constant,\nand apparently the only element needed to maintain tree vigour and yield is nitrogen,\nOther long-term fertilizer trials are being conducted with Italian prunes at Keremeos,\nPenticton, and Naramata, and with grapes at Westbank and Winfield.\nM. P. D. Trumpour, District Horticulturist, Penticton, in reporting results with\nfertilizers with prunes, observed: \" Prunes with superior quality and size and with less\nshrivel appeared to be produced on trees in the Orr lot receiving a moderate amount of\nnitrogen (6 pounds of ammonium sulphate per tree) and sawdust. Soil samples taken\non the Orr block on October 26th, 1954, revealed that soil moisture in the sawdust plot\nwas very satisfactory while that in the remaining plots was below optimum.\" This condition has been consistent since the plots were established, and it may be that uneven\nmoisture-supplies may have a bearing on the prune-shrivel condition that has caused such\nheavy losses in the past few years.\nBlossom-thinning\nBecause of frost injury to apples and peaches, no trials were carried out on these\nfruits. However, trial plots with Italian prunes were set out at Penticton, Summerland,\nand Vernon using Elgetol 29, DN 289, and Elgetol 318. Results varied so much that no\nconclusions can be arrived at this year. f J\u00a7\nA. W. Watt, District Horticulturist, Summerland, reports his results as follows:\u2014\n| The plots were checked at picking-time (September 19th). Elgetol 318 at one-\nhalf pint per 100 gallons had the earliest prunes but a very light crop. Elgetol 20 at one-\nhalf pint per 100 gallons had a slightly greater yield but contained many small, poorly\ncoloured prunes. Only the fruit from the spray-thinned trees was of sufficient quality to\nwarrant picking; the balance of the crop on the unsprayed portion was allowed to drop.\"\nResults were negative in the other two areas.\nApple-scab\nAn excellent piece of work was carried out jointly by members of the Summerland\nEntomology Laboratory and J. E. Swales, District Horticulturist, Creston. It is a new\napproach m insect and disease controls, and this piece of work is easily in the pioneer\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 33\nfield in so far as the Pacific Northwest is concerned. The staff of the Entomology\nLaboratory were interested in trying to find if, by the addition of a surfactant material,\nthe quantity of spray material per acre could be reduced without losing control; if so,\nspraying costs could be reduced. They were also interested in the behaviour of a mixture\nof surfactants and regular spray materials in modern concentrate spray machines.\nThe Horticultural Branch was interested in obtaining better scab-control. M Two\norchards at Sunshine Bay, near Nelson, were chosen, as this area has had a serious scab\nproblem since it was planted to trees. As the outline of the experiment is too lengthy to\nreport in full, only the conclusions arrived at by Mr. Swales, who very ably carried out\nthe disease-control section of the experiment and also assisted in making the final counts\nat harvest-time, are given, as follows:\u2014\n| From the results of these experiments it is evident that where a surfactant was\nadded to the fungicidal spray there was a decided improvement in the degree of apple-scab\ncontrol obtained. Where lime-sulphur without surfactant was applied in the first three\ncover-sprays and Ferbam-wettable sulphur without surfactant was applied in later sprays,\nthere was an average of 11.7 per cent scabby fruit. Where the same materials plus Triton\nB-1956 were applied, there was only 4.1 per cent scabby fruit. Where the same materials\nplus Miller's MJ 1 were applied, scab-control was equally as good, with 4.3 per cent\nscabby fruit. Fruit from the unsprayed checks was 100 per cent scabby.\nI In view of the slight injury caused by the Ferbam-wettable sulphur-surfactant\nsprays, further work will be required with varying concentrations and varying rates of\napplications before a general recommendation could be made regarding the addition of\nsurfactants to regular scab-control sprays. However, because of the encouraging results\nobtained, it would be desirable to have some apple-growers, with suitable concentrate\nsprayers, use surfactants in their fungicidal sprays on a trial basis.\"\nThis work is a valuable contribution in apple-scab control and introduces the use of\nsurfactants to the Canadian field at least, if not the United States. It is planned to continue this work next season.\nAt Salmon Arm, in addition to the protective sprays for apple-scab, eradicants were\ntried, with the object of using one or more of the eradicant materials and reducing the\nnumber of protective sprays. The conclusions reported by I. C. Carne, District Horticulturist, are as follows:\u2014\nI The eradicant plot was equally as good as the protective plot and received one\nless spray. The possibilities of using Phygon X-L in the spray programme are worthy of\nfurther study.\"\nAntibiotics in Fire-blight Control in Bartlett Pears\nTrials with Agrimycin and Agri-strep containing Streptomycin sulphate (0.623\ngram Streptomycin base), plus Triton B-1956 to act as a spreader and penetrant, and\nBordeaux 1-1-100, were conducted at Oliver by D. A. Allan and at Kelowna by W. F.\nMorton. The antibiotic sprays were applied at balloon and full bloom stage at a concentration of 100 and 50 p.p.m. The sprays applied at the higher concentration gave\ngood controls, whereas at 40-50 p.p.m. or Bordeaux at 1-1-100 did not appear to be\neffective.\nWeed-control\nAsparagus.\u2014Trials were made at Vernon for the second year. The plots were 400\nsquare feet in size, and for sampling a plot of 9 square feet was counted, and the counts\nmade forty-one days after the materials were applied. Of all the materials used, Alanap\ngave the best control. 2, 4-D (Amine salt), Karmex CMU, and Crag herbicide also gave\ngood control. Premerge gave good control for three weeks.\nStrawberry weed-control trials were carried out at Creston, Mount Lehman, Clay-\nburn, Lulu Island, and Como Lake, with varying results.\n3\n Z 34\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nG. R. Thorpe, District Horticulturist at New Westminster, reports his results\n\" 1. Of both I.P.C. formulations used, each gave approximately 80 per cent\ncontrol and 85 per cent chickweed-control. \u00a7\n12. D.N. Amine gave approximately 90 per cent chickweed-control and 50\ngK\nper\ncent grass-control.\nI 3. The combinations of D.N. and I.P.C. indicated no improvement on the single\napplications. .\nI 4. Slight folial damage to the strawberry was noted in the D.N. plots, but these\nrecovered rapidly.\"\nW. D. Christie, District Horticulturist, Abbotsford, using I.P.C. emulsion, I.Pc\ndust, and dinitro-amine (Premerge), reports as follows:\u2014\n'\"I.P.C. emulsion, when used at low temperatures, has a tendency to separate out\nwith nozzle clogging. In some places there was definite damage to the plants, with no\nappreciable weed-control. With I.P.C. dust, whether because of the formulation or some\nother cause, it had a tendency to hang in the duster, resulting in an uneven application,\nSome damage to strawberry plants was observed where the dust had gone on too heavily!\nIt would appear the variety Northwest will only tolerate low dosages of I.P.C. Where\ndinitro-amine (Premerge) was used, the control of chickweed, groundsel, and other small\nbroad-leaved plants was excellent; small germinating grasses were also killed, but the\nmaterial had no effect on the larger grass plants.\"\nHerbicide trials with strawberries in the Creston district were carried out during the\npast summer. These trials were conducted by J. E. Swales, District Horticulturist, on the\nreclaimed lands at Creston. Sprays were applied July 26th at the rate of 60 gallons per\nacre, and observations were made on August 17th. Materials applied and rates of\napplication were as follows:\u2014\nPlot No. 1: Potassium cyanate, 20 pounds per acre.\nPlot No. 2: Potassium cyanate, 10 pounds per acre.\nPlot No. 3: Aero cyanate, 10 pounds per acre.\nPlot No. 4: Aero cyanate, 5 pounds per acre.\nPlot No. 5: Aero cyanamid, 20 pounds per acre.\nPlot No. 6: Aero cyanamid, 10 pounds per acre.\nPlot No. 7: Crag herbicide, 10 pounds per acre.\nPlot No. 8: Check (no herbicide).\nObservations.\u2014Plots 1 and 2: Practically all weeds dead. Old leaves of strawberries killed but new growth developing rapidly. Some injury to strawberry crowns in\nPlot l. jm\nPlots 3, 4, and 5: Some weed recovery, particularly well-established Canada and\nannual sow thistle. Old leaves of strawberries killed but new growth developing well.\nPlot 6: Similar to Plots 3, 4, and 5, but most established weeds, with the exception\nof wild buckwheat, recovering.\nPlot 7: Similar to Plot 8; weeds too well established before Crag herbicide applied.\nPlot 8: Weeds dense.\nWeeds in the plots consisted of annual sow-thistle, Canada thistle, pigweed,\ngroundsel, goat's-beard, blue lettuce, dandelion, wild buckwheat, oats, and wheat.\nSoil Management in Greenhouses\nThe following is a report as submitted by A. E. Littler, District Horticulturist for\nVancouver Island:\u2014\nI The various Oriental greenhouses in the Victoria area have not produced satisfactory crops during the past few years. A soil analysis indicated the cause to be largely\ndue to toxic conditions brought about by applications of excessive amounts of fertilizer\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 z 35\ncoupled with a low pH. A soil analysis prior to treatment indicated a high concentration\nof salts and a pH of 4.4.\n\" The work was carried out in a greenhouse, 150 by 30 feet, owned by Young\nBrothers, Shelbourne Street, Victoria.\n|Procedure.\u2014(a) One-quarter of the house was leached for eighteen hours, applying approximately one-half inch of water per hour through sprinklers.\n\"(b) One-quarter of the house was leached in the same way for thirty hours.\n\"(c) One-eighth of the house was sown to rye and vetch the first week of October.\n\"(d) One-eighth of the house was mulched with 3 inches of sawdust during the first\nweek of October.\n\"(e) One-quarter of the house was handled in the usual way by the owners and\nserved as a check.\nI The leachate was carried away by a ditch, 12 by 18 inches, down the centre of\nthe house and connected with an outside drainage ditch. I\nI The whole house was rototilled the third week of January, and soil samples from\nleached plots were taken and checked. The pH on the 18-hour plot was 6.0 and on the\n30-hour plot 6.2. \u00a7\n| Results.\u2014Since it was impossible to be on hand at all times when the crop was\nbeing picked, definite weight records were not taken. Jf.\n\"Observations made during the season provided the following: Plots A, D, and B,\ngood; Plots C and E, poor.\nI From the results it would appear there was considerable benefit from either adding\nsawdust or leaching, provided the leaching process was not prolonged to the extent that\nit removed too much of the plant-food already in the soil which had to be replaced for\nthe new crop.\" #\nThe results from these trials were so outstanding the greenhouse-tomato growers in\nthe Victoria district are now asking for advice and supervision on soil management.\nTomato Variety Trials (Greenhouse)\nTrials were conducted by A. E. Littler, District Horticulturist, Victoria, in several\ngreenhouses in the Victoria area.\nThe standard varieties for the spring crop are V-121 and V-121 Improved or Bay\nState. This season, in the search for something better, two English introductions, Single\nCross and Potentate, were tried. Single Cross showed considerable resistance to mould,\nbut fruit size was small. While Potentate was larger, it was inclined to be rough and\nsubject to mould. Both varieties from these trials were considered inferior to the standard\nvarieties and will be dropped from further tests.\nSince many varieties suitable for spring cropping are not suitable for the fall crop,\nten varieties were tested against the standard varieties now used, namely, V-121 Improved\nand Vulcan. Eight of these introductions were not any better than the standard varieties\nbeing grown, the fruit being either too small or rough or the plants subject to disease.\nOf the ten varieties tested, only two varieties, V-545 and V-548, were found to stand up\nto disease conditions which knocked out other varieties, including the standard varieties,\nand are worthy of another year's trial with an attempt to get better size than was obtained\nthis year. M,\nf| Tomato Trials (Outdoor)\nThis is a continuation of variety trials undertaken with the Westminster Canners\nLimited, the Range Experiment Station, Kamloops, and R. M. Wilson, District Horticulturist, Kamloops. Since it has been felt for some time that present commercial outdoor\nvarieties of tomatoes are not entirely satisfactory for the Interior Dry Belt, trials have been\nconducted to evaluate some of the newer introductions as to their suitability.\n Z 36\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nIn this test, ten varieties were planted in ten plots replicated four times, or a total of\n400 plants spaced 3*4 by 41\/2 feet. The foUowmg table shows the ratings and yield flu\nseason Two of the varieties, 5336 and Early Lethbridge were very early, and the J\nof the crop was picked before the first killing frost, but the fruit failed to measure up |\nregard to size, colour, and pulp.\nRatings on Plant and Fruit Characteristics\nRatings made on September 22nd, 1954 (maximum points, 10).\nVariety-\nDefoliation Due\nto Early\nBlight\nSize of\nFruit\nShape\nColour\nPulp\nObservations\n(Quality)\nSize of\nVine\nGreen Base\nor Uniform\nRipening\n5536\t\nBounty\t\nWasach Beauty\t\nForemost E21\t\nEarly Lethbridge\t\n5343\t\nEarly Prolific Hybrid\n5365\t\nEarly Del. Hybrid.\u2014\nClarks S.E\t\n5\n4\u2014\nGood\nFair\n8\n4\nG.B.\n8\n7\nFair\nGood\n8\n7\nU.R.\n7\n9\nGood\nGood\n9\n8\nG.B.\n10\n8\nGood1\nGood-\n7\n10\nG.B.\n5\n5-\nFair\nFair\n5\n4\nU.R.\n9\n8\nGood\nGood-\n8\n8\nG.B.\n9\n8\u2014\nGood\nFair\u2014\n7\n9\nG.B.\n9\n9\nGood\nGood-\n8\n9\nG.B.\n9\n7-\nGood\nGood\u2014\n7\n9\nG.B.\n8\n7-\nGood\nGood\n7\n8\nG.B.\nYields\nLb.\n614\n318\n484\n88\n639\n274\n197\n351\n396\n334\n1 Some irregular.\nNew Grape Varieties\nIn 1953 five varieties of new introductions were obtained from the Geneva Experiment Station in New York State. These varieties had been under test on the station\ngrounds for twenty years before they were released for test in 1952. An attempt at that\ntime to obtain these varieties was made, but the available stock was sold out and it was\nnecessary to wait another year. The varieties are Aldin, Romulus, Naples, Bath, and\nHimrod. These were distributed throughout the Okanagan to test for hardiness and soil\npreferences as well as yield and quality. This season a vine of one variety, Himrod,\nproduced a few grapes on the ranch of J. W. Hughes, of Kelowna, a grape-grower of\nmany years' experience, and he was so impressed with the performance of this variety,\nhe is endeavouring to obtain 150 vines to start a commercial planting. This is the only\nvariety reported on this season, but next year some record should be possible of quality\nand time of ripening of some of the other varieties.\nBird-control in Flower-seed Crops\nFor several years a flower-seed grower in the Saanich Peninsula has suffered considerable losses from the feeding of the purple finch. Several methods had been tried in\nprevious years without success, such as tanglefoot, scare-crows, flashers, string, acetylene\nbangers, etc. The flower-seed heads attacked were cosmos, marigold, zinnia, and cornflower.\nThis year A. E. Littler, District Horticulturist, Victoria, tried a type of fire-cracker,\nfired by means of a slow-burning, light-weight rope. He reports the following results:\u2014\n\" The fuse rope was calculated to burn at approximately 6 inches per hour; therefore, the lengths were cut so they could be set out the night before, burn slowly during the\nnight, and have the fire-crackers detonate from daybreak onward at intervals of approximately ten minutes for about an hour. The first flower seeds to ripen and be attacked\nwere cosmos. On August 10th three firing-stations were set up 100 feet apart, the fuse\nbeing suspended from a stake. A count of the damaged seed-heads was made on that\ndate, and the damaged seed-heads removed. The same procedure for detonating the m\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 37\ncrackers was followed each night, and checks made on the seed-heads every three days\nHowever, after the test had been carried out for a week, it was noted that sometimes the\nfuse rope would go out during the night if there was a heavy dew, and it was also felt this\nsystem of burning the fuse rope all night was too extravagant and would deplete the supply\nbefore the end of the season, g Therefore, the system was changed so that the fire-crackers\nwere inserted in a short piece of rope only and these were lit at daybreak. At the start\nof the experiment the birds were present in large numbers, but after one or two days of\ndisturbance by the detonators they disappeared entirely from the seed-farm. Inquiry\naround the district revealed the finches were in large numbers in a thistle-field at Brentwood about a mile away from the seed-farm.\"\nThe results of this trial have been so successful it is hoped to repeat the work in 1955.\nSURVEYS\nThe biennial small-fruit survey, which also includes rhubarb, filberts, asparagus, etc.,\nwas completed this season and is now ready for publication.!The total acreages for the\nyears 1952 and 1954 are shown below:\u2014\nSmall-fruit Acreages,, 1952 and 1954\nDistrict 1952 1954\nFraser Valley _. 4,404.19 4,750.49\nVancouver Island 562.63 600.65\nOkanagan 324.92 215.27\nKootenay 225.19 244.30\nTotals 5,516.93 5,810.71\nRhubarb, Asparagus, Nut, Grape, and Holly Acreages, 1952 and 1954\nDistrict\nRhubarb\nAsparagus\nNut\nGrape\nHolly\n1952\n1954\n1952\n1954\n1952\n1954\n1952\n1954\n1952\n1954\nFraser Valley\t\n83.01\n8.12\n7.15\n1.26\n96.75\n3.82\n5.55\n.90\n24.63\n5.03\n440.29\n54.66\n19.00\n2.47\n306.17\n17.15\n501.27\n27.09\n449.77\n19.58\n51.51\n13.93\n409.83\n46.49\n4.20\n561.48\n.75\n29.85\n40.03\n63.00\nVancouver Island\t\n47.64\nOkanagan\t\nKootenay\t\nTotals\t\n99.54\n107.02\n524.61\n344.79\n528.36\n469.35\n475.27\n612.92\n69.88\n110.64\nA start on the quinquennial tree-fruit survey was made this fall, and the field work\nis well in hand at this time. For this survey a new form was designed that will not only\nassist in speeding up the field work, but will also provide a good deal more information\nthan was possible with the form used previously.\nHORTICULTURAL CIRCULARS\nDuring the year the following horticultural circulars have been revised and brought\nup to date:\u2014\n(1) Horticultural Circular No. 65, Field Tomatoes in British Columbia.\nM. P. D. Trumpour.\n(2) Horticultural Circular No. 43, The Home Vegetable Garden (formerly\nGardening on a City Lot). A. E. Littler.\n(3) Horticultural Circular No. 62, Planting an Orchard. I. C. Carne. (A\ncombination of former publications, Planting Plans and Distances and\nOrchard Sites and Soils.)\n Z 38\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\n(4) Horticultural Stencil No. 17, Broccoli, Brussels Sprouts, and Tumi*\n1 1 \u201e mm \u2122 n rhristie. mP\nilar No. 78, Grape-growing in British Co\n[lis is a new publication, the first issued by the P\non grape-growing.)\nCulture. W.D.Christie.\n(5) Horticultural Circular No. 78, Grape-growing in British Columbia\nW. F. Morton. (This is a new publication, the first issued by the Provinc\nnti orane-PTOwing.)\n(6) Horticultural Circular No. 77, Vegetable Varieties, Description and Uses\nJ. L. Webster. (A new publication.)\nThree other bulletins are under revision and should be ready for the\nlie\nOkanagan\nAgricultural Club.\nprinter\n(a) Soil Management for Tree-fruits and Vegetable-crops in the Southern\nInterior of British Columbia, Horticultural Circular No. 76.\nura]\n(b) Cantaloupe-growing in the British Columbia Dry Belt, Horticult\nCircular No. 69. D. A. Allan.\n(c) Exhibition Standards, Horticultural Circular No. 50.\nFALL FAIRS\nThis season saw a decided increase in the number of fall fairs. In some instances\nthey were held for purposes other than displaying the farm produce for the district, and\nthese served no useful purpose to the community. A number of the small fairs could be\ndropped in so far as horticultural displays are concerned.\nNEWS LETTER, BROADCASTS, CROP REPORTS, AND MEETINGS\nThe Horticultural News Letter is issued bi-monthly from May through September.\nAll the horticultural offices co-operate in reporting seasonal conditions and fruit- and\nvegetable-crop estimates. The News Letter is compiled in the Kelowna office under the\ndirection of the Supervising Horticulturist.\nThrough the co-operation of B.C. Tree Fruits and the B.C. Fruit Growers' Association, excellent radio coverage is given the fruit-growers on such problems as spraying,\nirrigation, etc., during the season. Broadcasts are made over the three Okanagan stations\nand the regular farm broadcast each Thursday over the C.B.C. This service proved of\nreal value this season when apple-scab control was such a problem.\nFruit- and vegetable-crop estimates and final production figures were compiled and\nforwarded to the Statistics Branch.\nThe annual series of growers' meetings in the Okanagan was held as usual. Seventeen\ncentres were visited, with two meetings at each point. The total attendance was 1,857.\nAll members of the staff are called on to attend and speak at growers' meetings\nthroughout the year. Generally, these meetings are held in the evening, and though they\ndo take up the official's free time, the service is willingly given.\nACKNOWLEDGMENTS\nYour Horticulturist wishes to acknowledge with appreciation the help and co-operation of the horticultural staff and the other members of the Department, as well as the\nmembers of the Canada Department of Agriculture and the University of British\nColumbia.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 4 Z 39\nREPORT OF APIARY BRANCH\nJ. Corner, Provincial Apiarist, Vernon\nCompared to beekeepers in other Provinces, British Columbia beekeepers have\nexperienced a most successful season during 1954. Unusually wet weather conditions,\nhowever, affected honey production in certain areas, notably the Peace River District and\nFraser Valley Lower Mainland regions. The Peace River District, which now contains\none-quarter of the total colonies in the Province, produced only 50 per cent of its normal\ncrop average. From 1,507 active beekeepers during 1953, the total during 1954 of\n1,762 active beekeepers indicates a gain of 255 beekeepers. The number of colonies\nalso increased from the 1953 figure of 11,568 to a total of 12,700 during 1954 and\nindicates a total increase of 1,132 colonies. f m\nThe total honey-crop for the 1954 season was 1,143,000 pounds. If production\nin the Peace River area had been average, the total crop would have been above average.\nLocal conditions of weather and nectar secretion were very marked this season and\nresulted in above-average crops in some areas and well below average in others.\nSwarming was very much a problem during the 1954 season, and many beekeepers\nwho have for the past number of years been operating without queen excluders found that\nit was impossible to employ any of the Demaree methods of swarm-control.\nSupersedure and failing of queens was also very much in evidence during the season.\nUnfavourable weather conditions hindered proper mating of queens and resulted in many\ndrone layers amongst queens reared from established colonies. Poor weather conditions\nduring late fall also prevented colonies in some areas from gathering normal stores of\npollen for winter and early-spring requirements. If weather conditions are backward\nduring early spring, it will be interesting to observe the results of a possible pollen\nshortage. A shortage of pollen in British Columbia has seldom, if ever, occurred.\nMARKETING\nThe marketing of British Columbia honey presents no problem at all. The packing\nplant at New Westminster is anxious to obtain any local honey, and requests for carload\nlots have come in from other Provinces throughout Canada.\nProduction is still only about 45 per cent of our Provincial consumption. The price\nfrom producer to consumer remains at 21 cents per pound. However, in large bulk\nquantities it is selling for as little as 16 cents per pound in 60- and 70-pound containers.\nMost beekeepers in British Columbia market their own honey locally, and prices range\nfrom 25 cents to 33 cents per pound in small containers.\nINSPECTION\nDuring the summer of 1954 an effort was made to inspect all apiaries in the Peace\nRiver District. H. Boone, of Oliver, spent four weeks on concentrated inspection in that\narea. Continuous fine weather during June and early July favoured inspection work,\nand, as the result of this inspection, outbreaks of American foul-brood and European\nfoul-brood were eliminted. A concentrated inspection was made of the Penticton and\nNaramata districts by the entire inspection staff. Some American foul-brood was\nlocated in almost every apiary in these districts. In other parts of the Province where\nconcentrated inspections and control methods have been employed, the disease situation\nis now well in hand. The locating and destruction of old equipment which is infected\nconstitutes one of the best safequards against future outbreaks of disease. Routine\ninspection work was carried out in all other areas where apiaries are located.\n Z 40\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nOld Diseased Beekeeping Equipment Located and Destroyed by Burning\nDistrict\nBurned\nDrawn\nCombs\nValue of\nEach\nTotal\nValue\nSupers\nNorth Okanagan\u2014-----\nKamloops and district\nSalmon Arm\t\nKootenays\t\nPenticton\t\nSouth Okanagan\t\nSimilkameen\t\nVancouver 1\t\nVancouver Island\t\nFraser Valley\t\nPeace River\t\nTotals\t\n290\n2,500\n50\n200\n850\n372\n258\n2,220\n6,740\n$0.30\n.30\n.30\n.30\n.30\n.30\n.30\n.30\n$0.30\n$87.00\n750.00\n15.00\n60.00\n255.00\n111.60\n77.40\n666.00\n$2,022.00\n25\n403\n5\n20\n109\n29\n20\nScorched\nBottoms\n7\n43\n2\n5\n43\n9\n13\nTops\n7\n42\n2\n5\n43\n12\n13\nValue of Live Colonies Infected with American Foul-brood and\nWhich Were Burned in Accordance with the \"Apiaries Act\"\nTotal colonies burned 278\nAverage value per hive $20.00 *\nTotal value $5,560.00\n1 Depreciated value. SI\nDISEASE-CONTROL\nThirty-seven samples of brood comb and smears were analysed at the office in\nVernon. Of these, thirty-two showed positive infection.\nA method of controlling American foul-brood was employed at one commercial\napiary of 150 colonies where all colonies were treated by spraying combs with a thin\nmedicated syrup. This medicated syrup contains sulphadiazine at the rate of one\nIVi -grain tablet per gallon of liquid. The syrup is prayed on to the combs, employing\na small 2-gallon knapsack sprayer. J|\nType\nof Disease\nDistrict\nA.F.B.\nE.F.B.\nNosema\nOthers\nNorth Okanagan \t\n33\n13\n14\n77\n22\n26\n27\n4\n55\n7\n17\n3003\n7\n1\n20\nSac-brood1\nKamloops and district\t\nSalmon Arm and district\t\nSac-brood2\nSac-brood1\nPenticton\t\nSouth Okanagan\t\nSimilkameen \t\nKootenays\t\nSac-brood2\nGreater Vancouver\t\nFraser Valley and Delta\t\n_ \u00ab\u2014\u2014-\u2014\nVancouver Island\t\nPeace River.\t\nTotals\t\n278\n317\n28\n1\n1 Mild Infestation.\n2 Heavy Infestation.\n3 Only a few of these colonies were found to be heavily infected. All the remaining colonies suffered a\ninfestation.\nINSECTICIDE AND HERBICIDE POISONING\nSpray poisoning of honeybees is always evident during the time orchardists, seed-\ngrowers, and farmers are applying such spray materials. During one application ot\n2,4-D to kill weeds in fields of flax and oats, a heavy mortality of field bees was noticed\nin two commercial apiaries located within flying distance. Rapid volatilizing of 2,W\nwhile honeybees were foraging mustard is believed to be responsible.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954\nZ 41\nPOLLINATION\nRental of Colonies by Growers for Pollination\nDistrict\nCrop\nNumber of\nColonies\nRental\nCharged per\nColony\nTotal\nSimilkameen\t\nGrand Forks\t\nNorth Okanagan\nSouth Okanagan\nKootenays\t\nTotals -\nFruit\t\nRed clover\nFruit\t\nFruit\t\nFruit\t\n30\n60\n42\n44\n8\n$6.00\n2.50\n5.00\n5.50\n3.00\n$180.00\n150.00\n210.00\n242.00\n24.00\n184\n$4.40]\n$806.00\n1 Average rent.\nVancouver Island: 100 colonies employed in pollinating greenhouse cucumbers, no rental fee.\n\/ BULLETINS AND PUBLICATIONS\nA small circular on Beehive Construction was published and is now available to\nbeekeepers. Material for another circular and dealing with the Wintering of Honeybees\nin British Columbia is at present ready for publication. Five issues of Bee Wise were\npublished and distributed. Instruction sheets were prepared on the following subjects:\u2014\n(1) Feeding Fumidil-B for Control of Nosema Disease.\n(2) Feeding and Spraying of Sulphadiazine for Control of American Foul-\nbrood.\n(3) The Use of Carbolic Acid in Removing the Honey-crop.\nEXTENSION\nThe need for instruction and guidance in all phases of practical beekeeping is very\nevident throughout the Province, particularly for those beekeepers who operate an apiary\nof fifty colonies or less. Short courses on the fundamentals of beekeeping and disease-\ncontrol have materially assisted the inspection staff through proper education of the small\noperator on methods of early detection and eradication of brood diseases. Office correspondence over the year has consisted of 754 letters in and 1,091 letters out.\nMEETINGS\nThe staff of the Apiary Branch attended thirty-five beekeepers' meetings throughout\nthe year. A total of eight short courses were attended, at which members of our Branch\ndelivered all the lectures and demonstrations. Field-days were attended in most of the\nbeekeeping districts, where demonstrations on colony manipulation and management\nwere given by members of this Branch. Honey was judged at nine fall fairs, where\ncontact was also made with beekeeper farmers. Talks on beekeeping were given over\nthe radio stations at Kelowna and Vancouver. There is no method of assessing the value\nof such broadcasts, but as frequent comment is made by beekeepers to the Apiary Branch\nreferring to this method of instruction, it is assumed that they are of definite value.\nTelephone calls and visitors are too numerous to record, and such requests for\ninformation are willingly handled, even when contact is made at the residence of all\nmembers of this Branch.\nI ACKNOWLEDGMENTS\nOnce again all members of the Apiary Branch have completed a busy inspection\nseason, hampered by adverse weather conditions. Mr. Thorgeirson and Mr. Boone have\nboth done excellent work. I wish to thank Tom Leach of C.B.C. Farm Broadcast and\nNorm Griffith of CKWX for publicity given our inspection problems and also all Supervising and District Agriculturists for their assistance and willing co-operation.\n Z 42\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nHONEY-CROP REPORT\nThe following statement summarizes, the honey-crop situation for 1954:.\nDistrict\nBeekeepers\nColonies\nCrop\nVancouver\t\nNew Westminster :;\"\";\"\";\t\nVancouver Island and Gulf Islands\t\nFraser Valley (Upper and Lower) t^T\"T W-\nfnterioi^Okanagan, Thompson Valley, and Kootenays).\nPeace River\t\nTotals\n140\n142\n230\n446\n748\n56\n381\n396\n1,009\n1,383\n5,927\n3,600\n1,762\n12,696\nLb.\n9,525\n11,880\n45,405\n48,405\n711,240\n316,800\n1,143,255\nAverage\n25\n30\n45\n35\n120\n47 cents\nValue to producers of 1,143,255 pounds of honey at 21 cents (wholesale), $240,083.55; 11,996 pounds of beeswax\nnts per pound (wholesale), $5,638.12.\nat\nREPORT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY BRANCH\nW. R. Foster, M.Sc, and I. C. MacSwan, B.S.A.\nA number of plant diseases were favoured by the wetter-than-usual weather in most\ndistricts in the Province. The following diseases caused severe losses in some localities:\nApple-scab in the Kootenays and Arrow Lakes and in the Northern Okanagan and Fraser\nValley; little-cherry in the Kootenays and Arrow Lakes and Creston Valley, downy\nmildew of hops at Kamloops and in the Fraser Valley, downy mildew of onions used for\nseed at Grand Forks, late blight of potatoes in the Fraser Valley, club-root of crucifers\nin the Lower Fraser Valley, and green-bean mosaic at Kelowna. Moderate damage was\ncaused by such diseases as coryneum blight of apricots in the Okanagan, black-knot of\nplums in the Fraser Valley, red-stele and powdery mildew of strawberries at the Coast,\nGodronia canker of blueberries in the Fraser Valley, fire-blight of pears in the Creston\nValley, verticillium wilt of tomatoes in the Okanagan and at Kamloops and Lillooet,\nbacterial blight of beans at Grand Forks and in the Okanagan and Fraser Valley, and\nbotrytis rot of sweet peas in the Fraser Valley.\nThe Province continues to be virtually free of bacterial ring-rot of potatoes. This\ndisease was detected in slight amounts in the crops of six growers.\nSCAB OF APPLES\nThe wetter-than-usual weather favoured the development of apple-scab. Even at\nKelowna, which is not one of the worst areas for scab, there were at least twenty-three\nshowery periods of sufficient duration to induce scab infection between May 1st and\nSeptember 1st. This frequent showery weather made it difficult for some of the growers\nto apply sprays at the proper time.\nThere is considerable evidence to indicate that the recommended spray programme\nwill give control of scab. The programme most generally followed, in most districts, was\nlime-sulphur up to the pink, wettable sulphur plus ferbam in the cover-sprays, and ferbam\nin the late summer sprays.\nFor the first time a demonstration to determine what effect non-ionic surfactants\nsuitable to DDT concentrate sprays may have on apple-scab was carried out by J.E.\nSwales, District Horticulturist, in co-operation with officials of the Canada Entomological\nLaboratory, Summerland. The sprays were applied with a Turbo-mist automatic concentrate sprayer in two orchards at Sunshine Bay.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954\nZ 43\nThe Effect of Adding Surfactants to Fungicides on Percentage of Apple-scab\nin Two Orchards at Sunshine Bay\nMaterials Applied\n1. Check (no spray)\t\n2. Lime-sulphur\t\nFerbam and wettable sulphur\t\n3. Lime-sulphur, plus Triton B1956\t\nFerbam and wettable sulphur, plus Triton B1956\n4. Lime-sulphur, plus Miller's MJ1\t\nFerbam and wettable sulphur, plus Miller's MJL\n5. Ferbam and wettable sulphur\t\n6. Ferbam and wettable sulphur, plus Triton B1956\n7. Colloidal sulphur, plus Triton B1956\t\nColloidal sulphur, plus Triton B1956 and Ziram..\nStage\nPre-pink, pink, calyx\nFour cover-sprays\t\nPre pink, pink, calyx\nFour cover-sprays\t\nPre pink, pink, calyx\nFour cover-sprays\t\nAll sprays 1\nAll sprays\t\nPre-pink, pink, calyx\nFour cover-sprays\t\nPercentage of\nScabby Fruit\n100.0\n11.7\n4.1\n4.3\n13.5\n7.7\n12.5\ni\nThe adding of surfactants to the fungicides seems to have given better control of\napple-scab. Further tests should be conducted with Ziram sprays with surfactants added,\nbecause the scab was held in check after a fairly heavy primary infection had occurred.\nIn an attempt to find a better fungicide, the following materials were tried out on\nplots at Creston: Nirit (a fungicide from Europe), Phygon XL, Dithane Z-78 (Zineb),\nManzate (Maneb), Karathane, and Dinitro-ortho-cresol 40 per cent.\nThere was, however, not enough scab in the plots at Creston to determine the relative\nmerits of these fungicides. Nirit caused about 10 per cent russeting on Mcintosh.\nIn the Karathane plots, a heavy infection of pin-point scab developed. Phygon XL,\nDithane Z-78, and Manzate will be tried again next year.\nANTIBIOTICS FOR FIRE-BLIGHT CONTROL\nAn attempt was made in the Oliver, Penticton, and Kelowna districts to discover\nthe effect of antibiotics in the prevention of fire-blight of pears.\nIt was only in the Kelowna district, however, that enough disease developed to\ndetermine the relative merits of the different treatments. Demonstrations were carried\nout in four different orchards by W. F. Morton, District Horticulturist. The sprays were\nall applied in the balloon and full-bloom stages, but only on pears of the Bartlett, Anjou,\nand Boussock varieties. The treatments applied were Agri-strep, Agrimycin, Bordeaux\n1-1-100, and check (no treatment). It\nThe antibiotic sprays, at 100 p.p.m., applied at both the balloon and full-bloom\nstages, appear to be effective in preventing fire-blight in the blossom stage. Concentrations of 40 or 50 p.p.m. did not appear to be effective. The antibiotics were very easy\nto handle and did not cause any apparent damage.\nDEFICIENCY DISORDERS IN TREE-FRUITS\nA change has been made in the treatment of the following deficiency disorders:\u2014\n1. For Corky-core and Drought-spot of Apples, and Die-back Which Are Due to\nBoron Deficiency.\u2014To all trees apply one spray per season of 5 pounds of boron compound per acre, in a concentrate sprayer (1 pound per 100 gallons in dilute sprayers),\nas soon as the leaves are well developed, or broadcast 30 pounds of boric acid per acre\non the soil every three years. On very light soils apply 10 pounds of boric acid per\nacre annually.\n2. For Leaf-blotch of Apple Due to Magnesium Deficiency.\u2014Apply at least four\nsprays of magnesium sulphate per acre while the trees are in full foliage. For preventive\ntreatment apply one spray per season of 20 pounds of magnesium sulphate per acre, in\nconcentrate sprayers (2Vi pounds per 100 gallons in dilute sprayers), as soon as the\nleaves are well developed.\n BRITISH COLUMBIA\nZ 44\n3 For Interveinal Chlorosis Due to Manganese Deficiency.\u2014Apply 8 pounds f\nmanganese sulphate per acre, in concentrate sprayers (2 pounds per 100 gallons i\nSite sprayers), as soon as the leaves are well developed.\n4 For Little-leaf and Rosette Due to Zinc Deficiency.\u2014Apply zinc sulphate as\na dormant spray before spraying with oil. Amount per Am*^\nConcentrate Dilute''\nPercentage of Zinc in Material SP^er Sprayer\n36 I 25 12%\n32 28 14\n\/ 22 40 20\nLITTLE-CHERRY\nLittle-cherry, a virous disease, appears to cause more damage in the Kootenays and\nArrow Lakes area than it does in the Creston Valley. It has nearly wiped out commercial\ncherry-growing in the Kootenays and Arrow Lakes area. Edgewood, Renata, and Kaslo\nwere the only areas in the district to ship any appreciable quantity of cherries in 1954.\nIn the Creston Valley a good crop was harvested from many of the infected trees. There\nwere also a considerable number of trees with fruit of no commercial value.\nSTRAWBERRIES\nSevere low-temperature injury occurred in the crowns and roots of strawberry plants\nin the Fraser Valley, Kootenays, and at Grand Forks. Red-stele root-rot, verticillium\nwilt, root-lesion nematodes, powdery mildew, and botrytis rot of fruit also caused damage\nat the Coast.\nW. D. Christie, District Horticulturist, reports promising preliminary results with\nCaptan spray on botrytis fruit-rot, at the rate of 2Vi pounds per 100 gallons. Dithane\nZ-78 was not effective.\nSTRAWBERRY-PLANT CERTIFICATION\nThe inspections for certification were carried out with the co-operation of G. E. W.\nClarke, Supervising Horticulturist, and W. D. Christie and G. Thorpe, District Horticulturists.\nThe total number of applications for certification was forty-three\u2014twenty-three\npassed and twenty were rejected. The number of strawberry plants certified was approximately 2,000,000, which was less than the number certified in 1953. The demand for\ncertified plants was greater than the supply. |(||\nBACTERIAL RING-ROT OF POTATOES\nBritish Columbia continues to be virtually free of bacterial ring-rot of potatoes.\nThere was no rejection due to ring-rot of any potatoes entered for certification.\nRing-rot was detected in slight amounts on two farms in the Fraser Valley in the\n1953 crop. In the 1954 crop it was detected on two farms in the Frasey Valley\u2014one at\nBella Coola and one at Kamloops. This disease was also detected in ten carloads of\nimported potatoes.\nA new bacterial ring-rot directive was issued in September of this year.\nLATE BLIGHT OF POTATOES\nThe estimated loss for late blight in the Fraser Valley is between 10 to 15 per cent,\nwhich is the highest since 1948. It also caused some damage on Vancouver Island, |\ntne Northern Okanagan and Kootenays, and at Terrace.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 45\nPress releases were issued on July 7th, August 23rd, and September 17th warning\ngrowers of the danger, and also advising them on how to prevent late blight tuber-rot.\nIn the Fraser Valley, where the weather for August was the wettest since 1918*\nmany growers were unable to apply all the recommended sprays.\nCALIFORNIA SEED-POTATO TEST\nThe value of the California seed-potato test was evident this year. One grower's\ncertified seed-potatoes showed over 95 per cent leaf-roll. This one test prevented the\nuse of this seed for planting, and, consequently, avoided an almost complete crop failure.\nThe test also gave advance notice to some growers that their certified seed-potatoes\nwould not pass field inspection for certification.\nMore growers are realizing the advantage of having advance information on disease.\nIt gives them the opportunity to obtain new seed if their own is not good enough.\nACKNOWLEDGMENT\nWe wish to than officials of the other branches of the Department of Agriculture, the\nCanada Department of Agriculture, and the University of British Columbia for their\nco-operation.\nREPORT OF PROVINCIAL ENTOMOLOGIST\nC. L. Neilson, M.S., Entomologist, Vernon\nThe year 1954 did not produce any major insect outbreaks, but insect populations\nwere sufficient that control measures were necessary on many crops, animals, and products\nthroughout the Province.\nA few of the highlights in economic entomology in British Columbia during the year\nwere:\u2014\n(1) Increased usage of soil insecticides for soil pests, with good control\nresulting. p\n(2) More emphasis on work relating to a better understanding of relationships\nbetween control by parasites and control by chemicals.\n(3) Development of better controls for onion maggot and carrot rust fly.\n(4) Development of resistance to organic phosphates by some of the fruit-\ntree mites.\n(5) Revision of the two tree-fruit and vegetable calendars.\nFIELD-CROP AND VEGETABLE INSECTS\nIn general, insects attacking field crops and vegetables were somewhat less than in\n1953. Except for the Fort St. John area, grasshopper infestations showed an over-all\ndecline, and most of the grasshopper-control zones operated on a reduced scale from\n1953. The serious 1953 outbreak of black army cutworm was non-existent in 1954, and\nonly isolated small infestations appeared. The Colorado potato beetle was present in\nnumbers in the area between Cranbrook and Golden for the first time in several years.\nRed-backed cutworm was present but much reduced over most of the Interior and\nKootenays. Onion thrip and onion maggot damage was normal, except for the market-\ngarden area of Marine Drive in Vancouver, where onion maggot damage was much higher\nthan previously recognized. On potatoes the incidence of tuber flea beetle was normal,\nbut aphid populations were much higher and crop-losses resulted in parts of the Southern\nOkanagan. Aphids were responsible for as much as 30 per cent loss in bean tonnage\ndue to their spreading bean mosaic in the Kelowna-Vernon districts. Crucifer pests of\n BRITISH COLUMBIA\nZ 46\nflea beetles, worms, aphids, seed-pod weevil, and root maggots were normal, but there\nwas an increased acreage of saleable turnips due to wider use of improved control\nmeasures Carrot rust fly damage was less in the Fraser Valley but normal in the North\nOkanaean Aphids were a minor problem on clover and oats in the Fraser Valley and\non srain in the Okanagan and Central British Columbia. Wheat midge increased in I\nNorth Okanagan. Wireworm damage to garden crops occurred throughout the Province\nand to grains in the Peace River and Central British Columbia areas.\nORCHARD INSECTS\nOrchard insects are generally well in hand. The following pests were of some\nconcern in the degree noted:\u2014\n(a) The same level as in 1953: Oystershell scale, cherry fruit fly, peach twig\nborer, peach tree borer, fruit tree leaf roller, mealy plum aphid, apple\naphid, pear leafworm, buffalo treehopper, climbing cutworms, cicadas\neye-spotted bud moth, grasshoppers, and lygus bugs.\n(b) Less than in 1953: Codling moth, pear leaf blister mite, green peach\naphid, cherry fruitworm, San Jose scale, soft scale.\n(c)* More prevalent than in 1953: European earwig, pear psylla, rosy apple\naphid, black cherry aphid, woolly apple aphid, European red mite, yellow\nspider mite and two-spotted mite (in late September), and clover mite.\nSMALL-FRUIT INSECTS\nThe main pests on strawberries continue to be strawberry root weevils, white grabs,\nand spittlebugs. Control of weevils and grubs by baiting is being replaced by soil insecticides. On cane-fruits, fruitworm, root-borer, cane maggot, and mite populations were\nnormal. A new leafhopper, Mascropsis fusculata, caused serious damage to loganberries\non Lulu Island. A pest on cranberries on Lulu Island, believed to be the black-headed\nfireworm, was reported for the first time.\nFLOWERS AND SHRUBS\nThe following pests were reported as causing economic damage: Narcissus bulb\nfly, cyclamen mite, orange tortrix, aphids, greenhouse white fly, holly scale, azalea leaf\nminer. Minor infestations of walnut scale, juniper scale, pine needle scale, yellow-headed\nsawfly, willow sawfly, spruce needle miner, lilac leaf miner, and tent-caterpillar occurred\nin scattered localities.\nft LIVE-STOCK PESTS\nWarble-fly, ticks, black-fly, horn-fly, lice, and sheep-ked continue to be the major\npests of live stock. Controls for these pests are applied annually by the growers. Black-\nfly populations in the Cherryville district were unusually high and continued to cause\nannoyance to stock until late in the fall. Considerable attention was devoted to\nmosquitoes in the Columbia Valley and Falkland areas.\nHOUSEHOLD PESTS\nInquiries were received regarding the following pests associated in or around homes:\nBedbugs, cockroaches, ticks, ladybird beetles, carpenter ants, termites, fleas, earwigs,\ncarpet beetles, slugs, sowbugs, mosquitoes, bat bugs, granary weevil, spiders, golden\nbuprestids, bean weevil.\nEXTENSION AND PUBLICATIONS\nDuring the year at least one visit was made to every district agricultural and district\nhorticultural office in the Province. In some cases experimental work was initiated, but\nusually such visits were made in conjunction with current insect problems.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 47\nRadio broadcasts and press releases were made. Talks on insects were given at\nKelowna, Rock Creek, Brown's School (north of Grand Forks), Grand Forks, Kamloops\n(two), Vernon (three), Merritt, Penticton, Vancouver, Windermere, Wasa, Falkland,\nand Salmon Arm (two). The following publications were prepared and released:\t\n(1) Turnip Maggots.\n(2) Insects of the Season of British Columbia.\n(3) Tomato Insects and Controls. \u00a7\u00a7\n(4) Pine Needle Scale.\njjj Handbook of the Economic Insects of British Columbia\u2014Part I.\n(6) Strawberry Root Weevils. ft\n(7) Tuber Flea Beetle.\nThe following conferences were attended: Pacific Northwest Vegetable Insect\nConference, Entomological Society of British Columbia, International Great Plains Conference of Entomologists (Kamloops), British Columbia Agronomy, British Columbia\nNurserymen's Convention. In addition, assistance was given in setting up and staffing\nexhibits at the Vancouver and New Westminster Flower Shows and Kamloops Bull Sale.\nThe excellent co-operation of all Provincial District Agriculturists and Horticulturists\nis hereby acknowledged, as is the co-operation of all laboratory personnel in British\nColumbia of the Canada Department of Agriculture, Division of Entomology.\nREPORT OF DAIRY BRANCH\nF. C. Wasson, M.S.A., Dairy Commissioner\nGood pastures were responsible largely for an increased milk flow. Poorly cured\nhay may reduce winter milk volume. The estimated total production of 770,000,000\npounds represents a 6-per-cent increase over 1953 figures.\nVALUE OF DAIRY PRODUCTS\nStatistics for 1953 give the farm value of milk production as $28,377,000 and dairy\nproducts valued at factories or milk plants as $38,246,000. As the price of milk and\nbutter has declined slightly during the past year, the value of milk and milk products\nwill probably be much the same for 1954.\nUTILIZATION OF MILK IN PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL\nMILK PRODUCTION (1953) STATISTICS\nPer Cent\nFluid sales, milk and cream 57.88\nCreamery butter j 20.20\nFactory cheese 1 1.65\nConcentrated milk and ice-cream 8.36\nDairy butter 2.56\nUsed on farms and for other purposes 9.35\n100.00\nThe 1954 butter, cheese, and powdered-milk production will show an increase, while\nice-cream and evaporated-milk production will be slightly down compared with 1953.\n Z 48\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nDAIRY PLANTS\nDuring 1954 there were 12 creameries, 3 Cheddar-cheese factories, 2 powdered-milk\nnlants 1 evaporated-milk plant, 31 ice-cream manufacturing plants (mostly included in\ncreameries and milk plants), 93 large and small milk-pasteunzmg plants, 2 reconstituted-\nmilk plants, and around 260 counter freezers in operation in the Province.\nCREAMERIES\nOnly twelve creameries were making butter during the year, the smallest number\nof creameries in operation in British Columbia since the turn of the century. The trend\nin recent years has been toward fewer creameries with a larger total production. The\n1954 creamery butter production will exceed all previous records, with a total of\napproximately 7,000,000 pounds, the previous high year being 1945, when 6,205,000\npounds were manufactured.\nP CHEESE-FACTORIES\nThree Cheddar-cheese factories and one farm-cheese factory have been in operation\nduring the year. These are located at Armstrong, Salmon Arm, Edgewood, and Nanaimo.\nOne blue-vein cheese factory has made a small amount of cheese at Creston. The factory\nat Edgewood has only been operated part of the year. It has recently changed from\na co-operative back to a private company.\nAround 800,000 pounds of Cheddar cheese was made this year, an increase of\n21 per cent over the figure for 1953. This year's production of cottage cheese amounts\nto just over 3,600,000 pounds. |\nIt is felt British Columbia would consume more cheese if the grade was marked on\nthe package for the information of the consumer, and if the retail price was lower.\nIMPORTS\nDue largely to population increase and in spite of increased local production and\nthe invasion of oleomargarine in 1949, our butter imports have remained much the same\nsince 1947, averaging around 20,000,000 pounds annually. Other dairy products\nimported are cheese and evaporated, powdered, and condensed milk, in the order named.\nThe value of dairy imports approximates $18,000,000 yearly.\nEXPORTS\nDairy exports over a six-year period from 1947 to 1952, inclusive, had an average\nvalue of $694,287, made up chiefly of evaporated and powdered milk and a comparatively\nsmall amount of butter and cheese.\nCONCENTRATED MILK PRODUCTS\nReports to date indicate that powdered-milk production will increase 26 per cent\nand evaporated-milk production decrease 5 per cent compared with 1953. There are\ntwo powdered-milk plants in operation (one very small) and one evaporated-milk plant.\nICE-CREAM\nBritish Columbia produced 3,058,000 gallons of ice-cream in 1953 from thirty-one\nplants, ranking third among the Provinces. This figure will be slightly lower for 1954,\ndue chiefly to unfavourable weather for ice-cream consumption.\nSHORT COURSE IN DAIRYING\nThe eighth annual short course in dairying offered jointly by the Department of\nDairying, University of British Columbia, and the Dairy Branch, Department of Agfl-\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 49\nculture, Victoria, through the facilities of the University Extension Department, conducted\nat Acadia Camp, University of British Columbia, November 1st to December 4th,\ninclusive, proved to be one of the most successful held. Twenty-two students attended\nthe general four weeks' course. Twenty-five students took the special one-week course\nin Babcock testing and five took the ice-cream course. Total enrolment for all courses\nwas thirty-four. |f\nIncreased yearly contributions from the industry indicate the growing value of this\ncourse. i\nThe services of all persons contributing to the success of the short course in dairying\nare herewith gratefully acknowledged. H\nDAIRY LICENCES AND CERTIFICATES\nThe following licences and certificates of proficiency were issued during 1954:\nCreamery or Dairy Licences, 101; Milk-testers' Licences, 134; Combined Milk-testers'\nand Cream-graders' Licences, 39; one single Cream-grader's Licence; Certificates of\nProficiency, 22; making a total of 297, being an increase of 3 licences and 9 certificates\nover the number issued in 1953. Thirty-four examinations were given for Milk-testers'\nLicences during the year. For list of licensed dairy plants see Appendix No. 1.\nOLEOMARGARINE LICENCES\nFive firms were issued licences to manufacture oleomargarine in 1954. These were\nCanada Packers Limited, Consolidated Enterprises Limited, Kraft Foods Limited, Nova\nMargarine Limited, all of Vancouver, and Westminster Foods Limited, New Westminster.\nTwenty-three licences were issued to wholesalers of oleomargarine.\nPer capita consumption of oleomargarine is estimated at 13.5 pounds. Per capita\nconsumption of butter has been reduced from 28 pounds in 1948 to about 20 pounds\nin 1954. HI I 1 \u00a7| -9B\nINSPECTION AND INSTRUCTION SERVICES\nSix Dairy Inspectors are employed by this Branch. Herbert Riehl resigned, effective\nApril 30th. He was replaced by D. E. Thompson, a 1941 graduate of the Ontario\nAgricultural College who operated the Valley Dairy at Penticton for ten years and was\nrecently manager of the Northern Dairies Limited at Prince George.\nFollowing are excerpts taken from the Inspectors' annual reports.\nGeorge Patchett, Vancouver Island and Gulf Islands:\u2014\n\"A late, cold spring had some delaying influence on the production of milk in the\nearly part of the year, resulting in a considerable movement of Mainland milk to Vancouver Island until a later date than usual. The unseasonal weather was beneficial in that\nit delayed and shortened the surplus milk period, leaving a very short period when more\nmilk was produced than was necessary to meet the local need.\nI Prices for milk have remained the same both to the producer and for consumer\ntrade. Many more dairy-farmers have built new milk-houses and installed modern\nequipment than was the case in former years. A continued improvement in quality of\nmilk is evident.\n\"AH Island districts have found a ready market for most of the milk produced.\nThe Comox district greatly benefited from the activities of the Air Force at Comox, the\nindustrial boom at Campbell River, and a good demand for milk at the south end of\nthe Island. The outlook for dairying on Vancouver Island for next year seems to be\nexcellent.\"\nG. D. Johnson, Interior:\u2014\n\"Throughout 1954, 119 inspections of all dairy, creamery, cheese, and ice-cream\nplants were carried out in the Okanagan, Similkameen, Cariboo, Peace River, and Central\n BRITISH COLUMBIA\nZ 50\nBritish Columbia districts. In the same areas visits were made to dairy-farms, and\n\u00a3 stitute and dairy meetings were attended and addressed. Interviews were given relative\nto all phases of the dairy industry.\"\nN. H. Ingledew, East and West Kootenays:\u2014\n\"The year 1954 has been a difficult one for the dairy industry in the Kootenays\nAs a result of an economic readjustment, sales volume has dropped considerably (lo to\n15 per cent on the Trail market), which, coupled with good winter production, resulted\nin a high percentage of surplus milk from December, 1953, to September of 1954.\"\nK. G. Savage and D. E. Thompson, Greater Vancouver:\u2014\n\"During the year 1954 Inspectors from this area were called upon to assist in\nplanning layouts for dairy buildings, lecturing at the annual dairy short course and youth\ntraining course, interpreting regulations for dairymen and the general public, and holding\nmeetings with public health departments, Live Stock Branch, equipment manufacturers\nand others as they related to the problems of the dairy industry in the Greater Vancouver\narea.\"\nD. D. Wilson, Vancouver Island and Gulf Islands:\u2014\n1 The activities included expansion of the dairy laboratory, inspections under\n6 Oleomargarine Act' in the Okanagan area and assistance in organizing a dairy booth\nat the B.C. Products Fair. Informative talks were given more than 1,500 schoolchildren who were accompanied through the Burdge dairy-farm. The usual routine of\ninspecting dairies on Vancouver and Gulf Islands was a major part of the year's work.\"\nSUMMARY OF PLANT INSPECTIONS, TESTS MADE,\nAND MEETINGS ATTENDED f\nDairy-plant inspections 771\nFarm visits 326\nButter-fat check tests 3,872\nResazurin, sediment, and temperature tests 3,228\nMilk samples tested for added water 395\nReports and test cards sent to milk and cream producers 2,330\nMeetings attended 121\nVisits to oleomargarine plants and public eating-places re\nj Oleomargarine Act \u00a7 284\nMILK PRICES, 1954\nPrices for fluid milk to the producers throughout the Province remained much the\nsame in 1953, ranging from $4.50 to $5.90 per hundredweight for 3.5 per cent milk.\nRetail prices to the consumer ranged from 18 cents per quart in the Peace River Block,\n20 to 24 cents in Vancouver and other parts of the Province, to a high of 26 cents for\nSpecial in Victoria.\nSUMMARY\nThe increase in population and the development of more industry in the Province\nwould indicate a continued demand for milk and milk products.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954\nZ 51\nREPORT OF POULTRY BRANCH\nW. H. Pope, P.Ac, Poultry Commissioner\nThe relatively high prices for poultry products during 1953 and the increased\nquantities of feed-grade grains available to producers in other Provinces were responsible\nfor a considerable increase in Canada's poultry population in 1954. This has caused\na small but continuing surplus which has depressed prices during the past year.\nContinued heavy production in all kinds of poultry and overproduction of turkeys\nand fowl in the United States has also adversely affected the prices of Canadian poultry.\nPRODUCTION\nEggs\nWhile egg production has shown a 24.5-per-cent increase during 1954, the total\nreturn to the producer has been considerably less than in 1953.\nProduction through Registered Grading-stations\nYear\n1953.\n1954.\nCases\n434,279\n538,490\nWeighted\nProducer,\nPrice per Dozen\n46.7^\n37.50\nTotal\n$6,083,828\n6,058,012\nThe volume going through registered stations probably represents about 75 per cent\nof the total Provincial production of commercial eggs. The remaining 25 per cent or\napproximately 120,000 cases were produced for home consumption or for distribution\nby producer-wholesalers or vendors. In addition, in excess of 9,500,000 eggs were used\nby hatcheries within the Province and a substantial quantity exported for hatching\npurposes. m ff-\nPoultry\u2014Broilers, Chicken, and Fowl\nDuring 1954, fowl prices have been lower than in any post-war period. A low of\n12 to 14 cents per pound was reached during September and October.\nChicken and Fowl through Registered Stations\nYear Fowl (Lb.)\n1953 3,809,958\n1954 I 4,053,550\nTurkeys\nChicken (Lb.)\n4,334,113\n4,105,080\nPrices for British Columbia turkeys have, during 1954, been depressed by heavy\nproduction levels in Canada and overproduction in the United States. This condition\nhas been further aggravated by the existing tariff structure, which places the Canadian\nproducer in an unfavourable position.\nTurkey Marketings and Producer Prices (Live weight)\nYear\n1952\n1953\n1954\nPounds\n2,946,973\n2,876,295\n3,632,919\nPrice per Pound\nLight\n37tf-45tf\n34tf?\nHeavy\n30^-35^\n210\n Z 52\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nThe record flow of turkeys into Canada from the United States is an important factor\nin the low prices being paid for British Columbia birds.\nPOULTRY-FLOCK APPROVAL Jj\nThe development of the whole-blood test for pullorum disease and the excellent\nresults obtained from the flock-approval programme during past years have made it\npossible to completely reorganize the recording procedures and office work relative to\nthe programme.\nInspectors H. Gasperdone, N. J. Supeene, C. W. Wood, F. Wilkinson, R K\nArnould, A. S. Kyle, and H. E. Upton have been employed on this programme during\nvarious periods of the season. With the exception of Mr. Gasperdone's work in the\nOkanagan, most of the field work has been carried out by temporary staff members.\nThe twenty years of testing under the Flock Approval Policy has seen Salmonella\npullorum infection in breeder flocks decline from 6.09 per cent in 1934-35 to 0.02 per\ncent in 1954-55. It has been several years since any field infection of pullorum has\nbeen reported.\nAll Inspectors met to discuss and revise the regulations of the programme. Three\nnew men have been trained.\nDr. J. C. Bankier supervises the technical aspects of the testing programme,\nData on Flock Approval, 1950\u201454\nYear\n1950.\n1951.\n1952.\n1953.\n1954.\nNumber of\nFlocks\nApproved\n474\n398\n453\n636\n328\nNumber of\nBirds\nPullorum-tested\n253,848\n300,000\n234,602\n276,521\n351,507\nPercentage of\nReactors\n0.046\n0.022\n0.001\n0.28\n0.20\nHATCHERY OPERATIONS\nThere has been a marked trend by chicken- and turkey-hatchery operators to import\nhatching-eggs and breeding stock. Some of these hatcheries are offering widely advertised\nstrains and breeds obtained on a franchise basis. The changes that are currently being\nintroduced in the Canadian R.O.P. Policy and the establishment of the random testing\nunit at Ottawa are designed to place the Canadian breeder in a more favourable competitive position. M\nProduction and Distribution of Chicks Hatched\nYear\n1950.\n1951.\n1952.\n1953.\n1954.\nHatched\nExported\nImported\nDestroyed\nSold in Province\n4,770,978\n6,234,426\n5,852,539\n7,018,569\n7,181,710\n642,949\n750,991\n522,746\n346,669\n603,580\n93,815\n117,684\n155,340\n180,382\n962,468\n595,950\n841,368\n792,812\n1,268,426\n3,259,376\n5,005,169\n4,643,765\n6,059,470\n4,965,212\nFigures to June 30th show that 7,906,592 eggs had been incubated with a hatch-\nability of 70.1 per cent. This is 2.5 per cent below the national average to that date.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954\nChicks Hatched by Breeds to June 30th\nBreed 1954\nNew Hampshires 2,005,190\nS.C. White Leghorns 1,439,344\nCrosses 1 1,434,879\nWhite Plymouth Rocks 214,018\nLight Sussex 122,945\nBarred Plymouth Rocks 103,144\nOthers 227,274\nTURKEY PRODUCTION\nZ 53\n1953\n2,370,843\n1,173,690\n1,372,997\n67,771\n100,382\n106,965\nA heavy movement of poults and hatching-eggs into British Columbia from Washington is causing some concern among turkey-breeders. These importations are probably\nresponsible for the renewed interest in sound breeding practices and a more rigid approval\npolicy.\nProduction and Distribution of Poults\nYear\nHatched\nExported\nImported\nSold in\nProvince\n1950. \t\n1951 \t\n441,121\n356,069\n464,202\n345,519\n506,605\n96,185\n50,237\n156,252\n165,716\n2,694\n347,630\n305,832\n314,550\n197,363\n1952 \t\n1953 p \t\n1954 _ \\\t\n6,600\n17,560\nTurkey Flocks Pullorum-tested and Approved\nFlocks Birds\n1950 67 25,667\n1951 53 28,220\n1952 55 17,631\n1953 44 18,764\n1954 34 19,775\nDuring the 1954 season 944,459 turkey eggs were incubated and 506,605 poults\nhatched, giving an average hatchability of 56.3 per cent. This compares to the 1953\nfigure of 57.8 per cent and to the Canadian average of 54.5 per cent for 1953 and 58.9\nper cent for 1954.\nUp to and including the week of December 3rd, 3,811,119 pounds of turkeys from\nthe United States were imported into Canada. Of this amount, 1,302,761 pounds came\ninto British Columbia. The quantity imported into Canada is in excess of British Columbia's production and equal to approximately 16.5 per cent of the entire Canadian production. Because of this rapidly developing trend that is threatening the Canadian turkey\nindustry, the British Columbia Turkey Association, supported by all other Provincial\nturkey organizations, has made repeated appeals to the Government of Canada to provide\ntariff protection similar to that enjoyed by turkey-producers in the United States. While\nUnited States turkeys are not being dumped on the Canadian market, they are being\noffered at distress prices because of continued overproduction and the discontinuance of\ngovernment support prices.\nPOULTRY-DISEASES\nRespiratory diseases continue to be a major problem where vaccination recommendations have not been fully carried out or in areas that have not been previously exposed.\nWhile there have been reports of 1 breaks j in vaccinated flocks, these appear to be of\na minor nature.\n BRITISH COLUMBIA\nZ 54\nDemands have been made for the introduction of additional vaccines for Newcastle\nand infectious bronchitis diseases, but to date requests for permits to import have been\ndenied.\nChronic respiratory disease does not seem to be causing serious losses except under\nstress conditions of mismanagement, respiratory or other diseases. Recommended treat\nment suppresses this disease where other factors are adequately cared for.\nVaccine Distribution\nDoses\nLederle Newcastle (ocular type) 1,084,700\nConnaught Newcastle (spray type)___;_ _ 896,950\nConnaught combined Newcastle and infectious bronchitis\n(spray type) 300,800\nTotal 2,282,450\nThe distribution of vaccine has been reorganized and is now entirely handled by the\nstaff of the New Westminster office. All surpluses accruing from the distribution of\nvaccine remain in the Blood Testing Fund, which is administered by Mr. Bagshaw,\nBursar, University of British Columbia. The surplus of this Fund is used to finance\nprojects of immediate concern to British Columbia's poultry industry.\nSOUR-EGG PROJECT\nThis project, which was fully described in the 1953 Annual Report, is being continued with Dr. Paul Trussell, of British Columbia Research Council, in charge. Since\nit has been determined that the washing of eggs induces an increased degree of spoilage,\nan effort is being made to evolve a nest that will keep a high percentage of eggs clean\nunder practical farm conditions. This phase of the project is being financed by the\nCanadian Research Council, the Canada Department of Agriculture, the British Columbia\nDepartment of Agriculture, and the poultry industry.\nPOULTRY CONFERENCES fl\nH Canadian Hatchery Federation, Winnipeg, Man. ft\ni Canadian Turkey Federation, Winnipeg, Man. j|.\n\u00a7| British Columbia Federation of Agriculture, Vancouver, B.C.\nPOULTRY SHORT COURSES |jj\nTurkey Short Course: Nanaimo (January).\nTurkey Short Course: University of British Columbia (February).\nPoultry Short Course: Creston (February).\nPoultry Short Course: Salmon Arm (March).\nPoultry Short Course: Armstrong (March).\nPoultry Short Course: Kelowna (March).\nHatchery Short Course: University of British Columbia (November).\nPOULTRY MEETINGS\nThe Poultry Branch has attempted to have one of its members in attendance at all\npoultry meetings. These meetings include turkey and poultry producers, hatchery operators, produce-dealers, feed-manufacturers, Farmers' Institutes, and committees dealing\nwith poultry problems.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 55\nBRITISH COLUMBIA POULTRY INDUSTRIES COUNCIL\nThis organization continues to be an important force in British Columbia's poultry\nindustry and is worthy of the entire industry's support. While the Council is composed\nof all sections of the industry, by far the greatest number of problems presented for its\nconsideration are of a producer nature. The Poultry Diseases Committee, which operates through the P.I.C., has done much to bring about uniform recommendations for the\ncontrol of Newcastle and infectious bronchitis diseases. M\nPOULTRY AND TURKEY SHOWS\nSeveral major poultry and turkey shows are annual events and are attended by\nInspectors of the Poultry Branch. The assistance of the staff is sought and is freely\ngiven to these events, which give good publicity to the poultry industry. In addition,\nstaff Inspectors attend and judge the poultry exhibits at many fall fairs.\nWINNINGS AT NATIONAL EXHIBITIONS\nBritish Columbia poultrymen successfully competed in both the Canadian National\nExhibition and the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair. At the Canadian National, Jane\nAcces Egg Farm (J. Pringle), of Chilliwack, was awarded first prize for his entry of 30\ndozen Grade A Large white eggs with a score of 98.9. In Grade A Large brown eggs,\nLangara Poultry Farm, Richmond, and W. G. Drew & Sons, Sidney, tied for second place\nwith a score of 97.7. J. R. Coombs, of Saanichton, took second place in the class for\nGrade A Medium brown eggs with a score of 96.5. These high scores and placings in\na national competition reflect credit on these British Columbia producers.\nJohn Blashet, Aldergrove, made a highly successful entry of Broad Breasted Bronze\nturkeys in the Royal Agricultural Winter Fair. With an entry of four birds, Mr. Blashet's\nwinnings included grand champion of the show, three firsts, and one second. This was\nthe first time Mr. Blashet had entered his birds in a national exhibition.\nSTAFF CHANGES\nW. H. Pope replaced G. L. Landon as Poultry Commissioner in August.\nWalter Wakely resigned in November and was replaced by N. J. Supeene. C. W.\nWood was appointed as Inspector for the Okanagan in December.\nThese men are well qualified by training and experience to make a valuable contribution to the poultry industry of British Columbia.\nNOTE\nIn the interest of brevity, much of the excellent material submitted by Inspector\nH. Gasperdone has been incorporated into this general report rather than using it on a\nregional basis.\nREPORT OF LIVE STOCK BRANCH\nWallace R. Gunn, B.V.Sc, B.S.A., V.S., Live Stock Commissioner\nand Chief Veterinary Inspector\nHORSES\nThe situation within this branch of the live-stock industry has not changed. The\noutlook is the same.\n BRITISH COLUMBIA\nZ 56\nStallion enrollments for the year were as follows:\u2014\n1953: A,1;B,3;C,0;D,3;E,26;F,3.\nf 1954: A, 4; B, 2; C, 1; D, 1; E, 21; F, 11.\nBEEF CATTLE\nFor inspected slaughterings of cattle and calves, see Appendix No. 2. For beef\ncarcasses graded in British Columbia, see Appendix No. 3. For average prices of cattle,\nsee Appendix No. 4. j #\nThe price picture can be evaluated by examining the appendices over last year's.\nThe general feeling is that prices have been moving downward somewhat, but not to the\nextent where it would seriously affect the industry. A more important factor affecting\nthe net income of cattlemen is the over-all higher production costs.\nBULL TESTING\nA third year of this work has been completed with equally good results as in the\nprevious year.\nAt the end of the current year's trial, it was decided to restrict the work at the\nUniversity to laboratory trials. The progeny testing of bulls to be carried out at the\nKamloops range station is proceeding as planned, and indications are that some very\nvaluable information will be obtained from the tests. |j\nBULL-CONTROL AREAS\nThis policy is a most useful one. A new area in the North Thompson\u2014the Sullivan\nValley Bull-control Area\u2014was gazetted late this year.\nJ. W. Awmack reported on the bull-control areas in the East Kootenay, Sand Creek,\nNewgate-Grasmere, and Waldo.\nSALES AND SHOW RESULTS\nThe summarized reports of sales in British Columbia during the year 1954 are shown\nin the appendices (Appendices Nos. 5, 14, and 15).\nPROVINCIAL BULL SALE AND FAT STOCK SHOW, KAMLOOPS,\nMARCH 9th TO 11th, 1954\nTotal head, 395. 1\nChampion car-lot: J. W. Lauder, Quilchena. \u00a7\u00a7\nReserve champion car-lot: Nicola Lake Stock Farm Limited, Nicola. M\nChampion group of five steers: Haughton Brothers, Kamloops. -B\nReserve champion group of five steers: F. De Leeuw & Sons, Knutsford. B\nChampion animal of the open singles: Basran Brothers, Kelowna. If\nReserve champion animal of the open singles: Denis Atkinson, Penticton. ||\nChampion animal of the boys' and girls' competition: Irene Gardiner, Kamloops.\n1 Reserve champion animal of the boys' and girls' competition: Dennis Lyster, Armstrong.\nGrand champion animal of the show: Irene Gardiner, Kamloops.\nReserve grand champion animal of the show: Dennis Lyster, Armstrong.\nDAIRY CATTLE AND DAIRYING\nNever have we had more and better dairy cattle. One of the best pieces of production work is being done in the placement of choice young dairy stock. . ,\nThe number of inquiries received from points outside the Fraser Valley for aid in\nlocatmg suitable dairy stock approximated those received in 1953. Grade heifer calves\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 57\nare selected only from D.H.I.A. herds where production of the dam and (or) granddam\nis known, calves are sired by registered bulls, and all calves are blood-tested for brucellosis. Only calves negative to the test are shipped. JL\nDAIRY-HERD IMPROVEMENT\nThe foUowing is the report of J. A. Mace, Superintendent of Dairy Herd Improvement Services:\u2014\nThe year 1954 was a very mixed-up one for dairymen, particularly in the Fraser\nValley. While weather conditions were conducive to good pasture growth and the\nincreased production that goes with it, the same conditions made hay-making a very\nhazardous undertaking, with the result that much poor-quality hay has been put up in\nthe Province. This lack of quality will be partly offset by an increase in the volume of\nsilage made, although, here again, lack of knowledge in the building of and material to\nput in stack and trench silos may make the resultant feed somewhat disappointing.\nWhile definite figures for 1954 will not be available until the spring of 1955, it is felt\nthat the production of the associations may well be down somewhat from the record 1953\nfigure. Generally lower prices for dairy products throughout the year may tend to curb\ngrain feeding and, to that extent, lower production.\nThese lower prices and the resultant uncertainty and indecision amongst dairymen\ncaused further delay in contemplated expansion of D.H.I, routes. That this course was\njustified is shown by the turnover of herds in the newest route where this process has\nabsorbed much of the waiting list formerly available for another route in the Langley-\nSurrey district. On the other hand, a stable and expanding waiting list in the district\nextending from Mission to Agassiz has enabled preparations to be made to start an\nadditional route in this area commencing January 1st, 1955. This will mean two reasonably compact routes here\u2014one including the area from Mission to Harrison Mills, the\nother confined exclusively to the Agassiz district. M. Symkowich, at present on Langley-\nSurrey Route 2, is being transferred to take the Agassiz run. Paul E. Jensen, White\nRock, will take over the Langley-Surrey Route.\nD.H.I, routes operating in the Province remain at twenty-one in fourteen Associations, with approximately 490 herds on test. All routes are full and operating efficiently.\nHerds per route average twenty-three with 24.4 days' work. Total cows on test are up\nconsiderably, to 12,293 as at June 30th, 1954. This averages 633 cows per route.\nAttached in appendix form is a list of associations, giving the names of their respective\nsupervisors and secretaries (Appendix No. 6).\nThere was a total of 9,530 milking periods completed during 1953, an increase of\nnearly 20 per cent over 1952. Average production was up again slightly at 9,538 pounds\nof milk (4.21 per cent) and 402 pounds of butter-fat per cow. A summarized report\nshowing average production by breeds is attached in Appendix No. 7.\nSTAFF\nThe following changes or transfers of supervisors took place during the year: Pat\nHibbert from Dewdney-Deroche Dairy Herd Improvement Association to Salmon Arm-\nNorth Okanagan; Soren Baehr from Salmon Arm-North Okanagan to Surrey to replace\nFred Nagel, who resigned to go farming; A. Maddocks from Matsqui Route 2 to\nDewdney-Deroche; P. Harvey from Sumas Route 2 to Matsqui Route 2; Brian Hall, a\nstudent at the short course held at the University of British Columbia from March 19th\nto 30th, 1954, went to work on Sumas Route 2; Henry Bylsma, a student at the same\nclass, went to work on Chilliwack Route 3 to replace Stan Blabey, who has taken a year's\nleave of absence due to ill health.\nThe problem of securing sufficient suitable men to act as supervisors on the associations continues to be a difficult one.\n BRITISH COLUMBIA\nZ 58\nCALF TAGGING\nDuring the past twelve months 3,000 tags have been allocated to D.H.I.A routes\nan increase of 25 per cent over the 1953 figures. This interest in tagging is mci\nappreciated, as it not only furnishes us with absolutely authentic information concern^\ndaughters and dams for our sire-list work, but is the basis for much of the authentic\ninformation used in giving production ratings to bulls in use in A.I. Clubs in the Province.\nDEPARTMENTAL SUBSIDIES\nGrants to twenty-one D.H.I, routes amounted to $40,674 during 1954, an increase\n' j R.O.P.-D.H.I.A. COMBINED SERVICE\nFifty-one D.H.I, herds are now availing themselves of this very worth-while service.\nIn May, 1954, Ottawa decided that herds on Plan A would no longer be eligible for\ncombined service testing. The majority of herds on the combined service who were on\nPlan A immediately switched to Plan B. Losses incurred by this change in policy have\nsince been more than replaced, in fact membership is at an all-time high, herd-owners\nunder this plan now having over 850 pure-bred cows receiving R.O.P. tests at very little\ncost and inconvenience to themselves.\nDISEASE-CONTROL PROJECT (LIVE STOCK BRANCH\nAPPROVED HERD POLICY)\nThe fundamental value of this project has been definitely shown, although the lull\npotential will not be realized until sufficient time and help are made available so that an\nintimate study of the information obtained can be made by those concerned with its\nadministration.\nFIELD WORK\nThe policy of personal contact with both members and supervisors of D.H.I, routes\nhas been continued to as great an extent as possible. Annual meetings of all Dairy Herd\nImprovement Associations were attended, as well as a D.H.I, field-day at Chilliwack, and\nalso annual meetings of both the Chilliwack and Milner Artificial Insemination Associations and the regional meeting of District Agriculturists held at Victoria, among others.\nA talk was given to students attending the Dairy Short Course at the University of British\nColumbia, outlining the operation of Dairy Herd Improvement Associations and their\npotential value to dairymen.\nANNUAL DAIRY SIRE LISTS\nOnly one sire list was prepared this year\u2014namely, the Twenty-third Holstein\u2014\ncontaining production information concerning some 160 Holstein bulls. Unless these lists\ncan be prepared and issued with regularity containing pertinent and up-to-date information, much of their potential value is lost. H\nj- PRODUCTION RECORDS\nThe year 1954 will again reach an all-time high in the receipt of these records.\nD.H.I. should account for over 10,000 completed periods, and R.O.P. have already sent\nthrough over 4,000. A new system of numbering non-qualifying D.H.I, records has been\nstarted and will prove of great benefit in securing further daughter-dam pairs. Previous\nto starting this system, many pairs were missed as there was no positive identification\nmade of the dam's non-qualifying record. It is felt that these non-qualifying records are\nof equal, if not greater, importance than qualifying ones if a full and complete picture ot\na bull's productive capacity, as shown through his tested daughters, is to be given.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 59\nARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION CLUBS\nA close relation with artificial insemination units has again been maintained this\nyear. Periodic reports on the performance of bulls in these units have been prepared\nirrespective of whether a regular sire list was being made up for the breed in question at\nthe time. It is felt that a close and harmonious relationship must be maintained between\nthis office, the artificial insemination units, and the Federal Department of Agriculture\npersonnel dealing with bull selection if the full benefit of the artificial insemination programme is to be realized.\nOne disappointing factor in regard to the operation of these units is the lack of\nattention being given to the tagging of calves. This office could undoubtedly give much\nquicker and more complete proofs on artificial insemination bulls if an accurate and\nauthentic system of tagging were adopted by the clubs. fSj|\nPARENTAL PRODUCTION SUMMARIES\nComplete reports have been prepared on twelve prospective sires for interested\npurchasers.\n\"LONG PULL\"\nIn co-operation with Frank Clark, live-stock fieldman, Department of Agriculture,\nNew Westminster, this small bulletin has gone out to D.H.I, members regularly each\nmonth for the past year. A good many complimentary remarks have been received on this\neffort. An attempt is made to- keep the contents of each issue timely, interesting, and\npertinent from the view-point of the D.H.I, members.\nTON-OF-FAT COMPETITION\nInterest in this very practical competition continues to grow. The fact that more\nD.H.I, herds are eligible for the competition each year, and that the total number of cows\npublished in the annual ton-of-fat list continues to grow, seems to indicate that the effort\nbeing made to get dairy-farmers to realize the vital importance of handling good dairy\ncows in such a manner that they may realize their full potential according to lifetime\nproduction rather than individual high records is bearing results. Forty-seven herds were\neligible for competition last year (that is, had a minimum of 25 per cent of the cows\ncompleting lactations during the year with a production of 2,000 pounds of butter-fat or\nover), and G. E. London, Delta Rdute 2, D.H.I.A., was the 1953 winner, his herd having\n55 per cent of such cows. A total of 1,216 cows appear in the fifteenth annual list of\nlong-life production cows issued this year.\nPUBLICATIONS\nH.I.C. No. 74, The Twenty-third List of Holstein Sires, containing reports on\n160 sires.\nMonthly issues of the 1 Long Pull.\"\nH.I.C. No. 75, Fifteenth Annual List of Long-distance Production Records of 1\nTon of Butter-fat or Over, giving details of milk and butter-fat records for 1,216 cows.\nSUMMARY OF TRANSACTIONS UNDER PURE-BRED SIRES FOR\nFARMERS' INSTITUTES POLICY\nSire purchases for the year 1954 were as follows (1953 figures in parentheses):\nTwelve (eight) pure-bred sires have been purchased at a cost of $4,450 ($3,000), with\na total freight charge to this Department of $359.43 ($282.95).\n Z 60\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nROYAL AGRICULTURAL WINTER FAIR, TORONTO, NOVEMBER\nK 12th TO 22nd, 1954\nNever before was there as strong a Hereford show at the Royal Winter Fair and\nwhile our wins may not seem to be very great, our exhibit was very well appreciated\nand our cattle were recognized as sound and practical. There were two large American\nherds which were the strong winners. The competition amongst Canadian breeders was\nkeen and prizes quite well divided.\nOur wins were as follows:\u2014\nColonel Spencer: First, senior cow class; fourth, junior yearling bulls-\neleventh, senior yearling bulls; seventh, 2-year-old bulls; and eleventh'\nsummer yearling bulls.\nLen Wood: Fourth, cross-bred and grade steers (900 to 1,000 pounds);\nfourth, cross-bred and grade steers (1,000 to 1,250 pounds); seventh\nsenior yearling bulls; and seventh, summer yearling bulls.\nV. Ellison: First, pure-bred summer yearling steers (later made breed champion); ninth, junior heifer calves; and ninth, junior bull calves.\nFred Dey: Fifth and sixth, summer yearling heifers.\nFelix Abel: Third, 2-year-old bulls.\nGlen Shannon: Fifth, grade and cross-bred steers (900 to 1,000 pounds).\nThe win of Hereford breed champion steer by Vern Ellison was outstanding, a\ncompliment to the breeder and to his outstanding herdsman, Harold Somerset. The win\nby Colonel Spencer in the aged cow class showed the sound, rugged quality of Earlscourt\nbreeding. Fifth and sixth places in summer yearling females by Fred Dey was one of\nthe good wins. In the Sale of Stars, the Felix Abel bull brought $1,450 and third\nhighest price. Col. Victor Spencer drew top price in the female Sale of Stars. Generally, market cattle sold rather low, with the average about HVz cents.\nPACIFIC INTERNATIONAL EXPOSITION, PORTLAND, ORE., 1954\nJersey and Ayrshire dairy cattle entered by British Columbia breeders at the 1954\nPacific International Exposition at Portland, Ore., captured an impressive share of\nhonours in stiff competition with top entries from American exhibitors.\nWith a shipment of only 26 head, British Columbia Jersey entrants took awards\nfor the senior and grand champion bull, reserve grand champion cow, junior champion\nheifer, nine firsts, including the coveted State Herd prize, six seconds, six thirds, and\nfour fourths.\nLeading the aged bulls class and senior and grand winner was Bellavista Royal\nStandard from H. Reifel's Bellavista Farms at Milner. Second and fourth in the same\nclass were W. H. Savage's Glendowan Boy's Aim and Quilchena Standard's Le Parcq\n5th.\nFirst prize senior yearling bull was W. H. Savage's Glendowan Boy's Illustrious.\nFirst prize junior calf was entered by H. Malenstyn, of Ladner.\nReserve grand champion cow was Fairmeade Radiance Aim 2nd from the herd of\nG. H. Keur, Quilchena Farms, Lulu Island. f\nJunior champion heifer, Quilchena Pamela Princess, came from the same well-\nknown herd.\nIn the State Herd competition, British Columbia was a strong first.\nBritish Columbia Ayrshires also came off very well at the big Portland show, taking\nthe junior champion bull, grand and reserve grand champion cows, junior champion\nheifer, and State Herd awards.\nGharry Lord Nelson, entered by R. Adrian, of Ladner, was junior champion\nDun in the show. Grand champion cow was Maple Crest Becky from the herd of W. V-\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954\nZ 61\nSavage, also of Ladner. Junior champion heifer, Glengarry Lucky Jessie, was entered\nfrom the same Savage herd.\nReserve grand champion cow award went to Ubyssey Commodore Allison, from\nthe University of British Columbia's herd. This cow also was judged best-uddered cow\nin the show. ft\nAgain the State Herd award was won easily by British Columbia, against competition that included entries from as far east as Ohio.\nThese gratifying results in what is recognized as one of the top agricultural shows\nin the Western United States serve as a sharp reminder that the quality of British\nColumbia dairy stock is well above the average for all North America.\nKalwood Real Domino 19th, Reg. No. 379375\nFirst prize summer Hereford steer and breed champion for V. E. Ellison, Oyama, B.C.,\nat the Twenty-sixth Royal Agricultural Winter Fair, Toronto, Ont.\nSHEEP\nPrices for breeding stock, meat, and wool followed the general price pattern of livestock prices in general. There has been a renewed interest in sheep, as shown by more\nfarm flocks being established. See Appendix No. 8 for average prices for lambs.\nCompensation\nPaid under the (>\np\nM\nu\np.\nH\n\u00a9\nm\nO\n|\n\u00a9\ni\u2014H\n\u00abS\n+->\n1\n\u00a9\nM\n\u00a9\na\n1\nFur-\nbearers\nMiscellaneous\nRemarks\nTotal\nA. Bacteria\nAbortion . - \t\n11\n14\n24\n51\n45\n9\n7\n1\n85\n5\n113\n71\n6\n4\n180\n44\n2\n3\n1\n130\n97\n181\n36\n145\n33\n7\n12\n4\n15\n15\n31\n14\n1\n2\n6\n11\n1\n4\n2\n6\n4\n35\n14\n21\n25\n13\n1\n1\n2\n2\n\u2014\n2\n1\n2\n89\n9\n4\n3\n5\n2\n1\n2\n3\n2\n1\n1\n1\n1\n1\n1\n4\n2\n3\n1\n1\n11\n1\n5\n9\n13\n5\n2\n1\n9\ni\n3\n3\n7\n2\n1\n~1\n1 mummification, 1 coryne-\nbacteria.- . ....\t\n7\nActinomycosis \t\n1\n2\n89\nBlackleg- \u2014 \t\nBruceUosis\t\n87 negative, 1 positive, 1 suspicious \t\nEnteritis \t\n1 mink, 1 rabbit, 1 pigeon, 1\nswan\t\nErysipelas\t\n42\n31\nFowl-cholera.- \t\nGoat-\n14\n1\n1\nJohne's disease. \t\nLiver necrosis \t\nMalignant oedema \u2014 \t\n4\nMastitis \u2014 . \t\nNon-specific infection ~.\n2 mink, 1 chinchiUa\n48\nPasteurelosis\t\nMink \t\n3\nPericarditis. \t\n1\nPeritonitis \u2014 . \t\nMink .\n54\nPneumonia \t\n3 mink, 7 chinchilla, 1 pheasant, 3 budgies, 2 dogs, 1\ncat, 1 goat, 1 baboon\t\n4 positive \t\nPullorum\t\n76\n9\nSalmonellosis\t\nSinusitis \t\nMink \t\n12\n1\nStaphylococcus \t\nStreptococcus.. \t\nToxaemia \u2014\nMink ... \t\n6 mink, 3 chinchiUa ..\n16\n5\n103\nTuberculosis\n5\nB. Virus\nBronchitis\n113\nChronic respiratory disease. \t\nMink, dog ..\n75\nDistemper \t\nFowl-pox . &* ''\nLaryngo-tracheitis\t\nLeucosis _\n14\nCanaries\t\n9\n4\n180\nNeural\nOcular _...__ __ .\nBone\nSkin\nVisceral ... \u201e \t\n\t\nNewcastle disease \t\n97\nC Protozoa\nCoccidiosis\n5 rabbits, 1 goat, 2 geese.\t\n224\nCaeca1__ _ __ j \t\nIntestinal\nRenal. ... . \t\nEntero-hepatitis- . _ -\nH examiti asi s\n58\n13\nTrichomoniasis.. \t\nD. Helminthes\nCaecal worms \t\nGaoe worms\n1\n7\n1\nGizzard worms\nGeese\t\n7\nLuns worms\nDeer.\t\n2\nRoundworms \t\nTapeworms.. . \t\nTrich ostron pv1 ps\nDoe - \t\n13\n5\nGoat \t\n2\nE. Fungi\nAspergillosis. _\n2\nMvcosis\n17\n Z 68\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nSpecimens Examined in Vancouver Laboratory, December 1st, 1953,\nto November 30th, 1954\u2014Continued\nDiseases Due to\u2014\na\n\u00a9\nM\nO\n\u2022r-i\n6\nas\n>>\n\u00a9\nm\nm\n|\nas\n\u00a9\nt-l\nO\n1\n\u00a9\nI-H\n\u25a0\u00bb-\u00bb\na\nU\nn\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\nC\/3\ng\nFur-\nbearers\nMiscellaneous\nRemarks\nF. Nutrition\n6\n1\n16\n5\n1\n82\n9\n756\n9\n2\n2\n3\n87\n175\n7\n1\n4\n1\n3\n5\n8\n2\n4\n6\n2\n6\n1\n2\n2\n4\n40\n23\n69\n5\n2\n12\n2\nI\n24\n17\n1\n3\n1\n1\n11\n2\n13\n1\n12\n1\n1\n2\n2\njj\n1\n2\n15\n1\n1\n9\n11\n2\n4\n3\n4\ni\n1\n2\n2\n3\n1\n1\n3\n1\n3\n1\n3\n1\n2\nDog\t\n\u2014\n\u25a0 ~\n| \u2014\u2014\nPheasants\t\nMink..\t\nG. Metabolic Disorders\nMink\t\nMink \t\nH. Miscellaneous\nLiver\t\nMink\t\n1\nr>iaf\u00bb\u00abtivp deraneement \t\n9 chinchillas, 1 goose,\nbudgie...\t\nFaultv management \t\n10 mink, 1 chinchilla,\nducks..\t\n2\nFaecal samples .\t\n2 dogs, 1 goat\t\nFibrillary muscle rupture _ \u2014\nDog \u201e.. ..\nGizzard erosion - -\nCalifornia murrelet \t\nWestern grebes\nGizzard impaction \t\nGout \t\nBudgie\nHernia \t\nHock disorder. \t\nImpaction \t\nInjury \t\nMink, budgies.\t\nInternal haemorrhage\t\nMink \t\nIntussusception\t\nCat \t\nKeratitis. . ...\t\nNegative findings\t\nNitrate poisoning\t\nMink, 1 dog, 1 goat, 1 egg-\n(Edema of wattles. \t\nPreventriculitis\t\nRound heart\t\nSemen samples\t\nTumour...\t\nUnsuitable for examination\t\nUraemia . . \t\nTotals\t\n2,178\n338\n41\n170\n7\n11\n86\n75\nmmmm^^\nTotal\n10\n1\n17\n7\n3\n3\n2\n1\n15\n3\n87\n1\n9\n1\n35\n796\n9\n2\n1\n2\n3\n121\n257\n20\n2\n1\n8\n3\n1\n1\n9\n3\n12\n20\n1\n2\n31\n1\n2\n4\n6\n12\n4\n3\n6\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954\nZ 69\nLocation from which Specimens Originated\nLocation\nNumber of Owners\n1953\n1954\nLocation\nNumber of Owners\n1953\nGreater Vancouver, Burnaby, New\nWestminster, and Burquitlam\t\nRichmond\t\nDelta\t\nSurrey\t\nLangley\t\nMatsqui\t\nSumas\t\nChilliwack\t\nKent\t\nMission-Maple Ridge\t\nPitt Meadows\t\nVancouver Island\t\nCarried forward.\t\n110\n90\n45\n78\n10\n17\n87\n92\n70\n61\n36\n54\n4\n8\n27\n25\n2\n5\n21\n18\n5\n5\n12\n29\n429\n482\n1954\nBrought forward\t\nSouth and North Coast and Islands\t\nNorth Okanagan\t\nSouth Okanagan\t\nWest Kootenay\t\nEast Kootenay\t\nBoundary\t\nKettle Valley\t\nPemberton\t\nKamloops\t\nCentral and Northern British Colum\nbia\t\nGolden and Revelstoke\t\nUnited States (Washington)\t\nTotals\t\n429\n10\n14\n5\n10\n9\n2\n3\n12\n15\n3\n1\n482\n11\n44\n6\n14\n6\n2\n2\n1\n32\n26\n1\n513\n627\nIn other activities associated with pathological work, Dr. Bankier reports having\nattended the following meetings and conferences, field-days, and short courses:\u2014\n(1) The ninety-first annual meeting of the American Veterinary Medical\nAssociation, Seattle, August 23rd to 26th, where he presented a paper on\n| Poultry Disease Problems in British Columbia.\"\n(2) Conference of Canadian workers in pathology, Hull, Que., October 5th\nto 7th. -||| |\n(3) Annual meeting of the British Columbia Poultry Industries Council, the\nannual meeting of the British Columbia Artificial Insemination Centre, as\nwell as several meetings on matters affecting the poultry industry. Addresses were given at some seven poultry meetings.\n(4) Participated in five short courses\u2014three in the field of turkey and poultry\nproduction and two in the field of fur-farming.\n(5) Three field-days were attended.\n(6) Twenty-five field visits were made in connection with respiratory diseases\nof poultry. |\n(7) Special disease investigations; problems include the uncovering of round-\nheart disease of chickens, canary-pox, respiratory diseases of poultry,\nwhich includes Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis. In this work\n1 796 poultry blood samples were taken from eighty flocks and were referred\nto Connaught Medical Research Laboratories, University of Toronto, for\ndiagnosis.\n(8) Observations in the field of such diseases as erysipelas and coccidiosis\nwere made and recommendations offered.\n Z 70\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nE A Bruce, B.V.Sc, V.S., in charge part-time of the Victoria Branch Animal\nPathology Laboratory, reports as follows:\u2014\nSpecimens Examined in Victoria Laboratory, December 1st, 1953,\nto November 30th, 1954\nDiseases Due to\u2014\nCO\n\u00a9\nCO\nI-I\nO\n1\n\u00a9\nt-H\na\nU\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\np\nco\n\u00ae\nO\n0\n\u00a9\na\n\u2022rH\nI-H\no\nn\nFur-\nl bearers\nCO\nO\nQ\nWild\nAnimals\nMiscellaneous\nRemarks\nA. Bacteria\n2\n1\n8,589\n1\n1 3\n2\n32\n1\n4\n1\n1\n2\n1\n1\n!\ni\ni\nl\nl\nl\nl\nl\n2\n1\n1\n1\n4\n2\n6\n10\n46\n1\n1\n1\n37\n8\n3\n7\n8\n189\n3\n20\n18\n1\n35\n8\n1\n4\n3\n4\n2\n2\n1\n2\n1\n22\n5\n1\n4\n1\n2\n2\n1\n1\n19\n4\n1\n26\n5\n4\n3\n2\n1\n2\n\u2014\n1\n4\n1\n1\n1\n1\n8,021 negative, 148 suspicious, 423 positive\nChicken\t\nChinchilla\t\nGastritis\t\nChinchilla\t\nGastro-enteritis\t\nHemorrhagic septicaemia\u2014\nRabbit, mink\t\nRabbit\t\nB. Protozoa\nBlackhead \t\nRabbits, pigeons\t\nf^nppiilinsis\nC. Metazoa\nGestodes\nTrisects\nT icp\nMites .. \t\nRat (cuterebra larvae)- -\nMyiosis\t\nNematodes\nD. Virus\nC.R.D...\t\nFowl-pox.\nLeucosis \t\nNewcastle disease \t\nE. Miscellaneous\nAtresia ani \t\nArteriosclerosis \t\nAnaemia. . .. \t\nAsphyxia. \t\nCalcification\t\nCannibalism ....\nChilling \t\nCysts \t\nCasts, bronchial\u2014 _\nCasts, mucous .\nDegeneration\t\nFeed \t\nForeign body\nGastric ulcers\nIndigestion..\nImpaction .\nInternal haemorrhage\t\nInjury\nImpotency..\nMoniliasis..\nMucoid enteritis.\nNut, anaemia.\n\t\nTotal\n1\n8,592\n1\n10\n1\n10\n47\n1\n2\n3\n2\n32\n1\n:f\n3\n1\n1\n37\n10\n22\n1\n7\n4\n8\n198\n29\n18\n1\n35\n8\n1\n26\nv)\n4\n1\n3\n4\n2\n1\n2\n2\n6\n2\n3\n3\n22\n5\n1\nft-\nir\n2\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954\nSpecimens Examined in Victoria Laboratory, December 1st, 1953,\nto November 30th, 1954\u2014Continued\nZ 71\nDiseases Due to\u2014\nCO\n\u00a9\nCO\nm\nO\n1\n\u00a9\n\u25a0+->\na\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\nCO\no\n0\n\u00a9\n1\nC\/3\n>>\nu\n+\u25a0>\nr-H\no\nPh\nFur-\nbearers\nCO\noo\nO\nQ\nWild\nAnimals\nMiscellaneous\nRemarks\nTotal\nE. Miscellaneous\u2014Cont.\nNecrosis \t\n\u2014\n1\n1\n1\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014.\n1\n4\n1\n16\n2\n2\n1\n11\n4\n1\n\u2014\n1\n1\n2\n2\n4\nOdour\t\nOverheating ~\nPerosis. \u2014 \t\nPheasant\t\n1\n1\n1\n11\n5\n1\n17\n3\nRineworm\t\nMink \t\nStarvation \u2014\nSteatitis \t\nMink\nThrombosis -\u2014\nThrown out \t\nParrot\nTumour.\t\nUraemia\t\nTotals\t\n2 18,642\n10\n2\n2\n6\n473\n54\n97\n\u2014\n8\n3\n9,243\n56\nCounted twice\t\nTotals\t\n2\n8,642\n8 1 2\n6\n419\n97 1 ....\n8\n3\n9,187\n1\ni\nARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION\nObservations made throughout Canada would indicate that this service requires a\ncloser alignment with and over-all supervision by government live-stock and veterinary\nbranches, il My original thought on this matter was to provide supervision and direction\nbut not to undertake the mechanics of the work. The use of frozen semen has come into\nthe picture and must be dealt with properly, and in conjunction with artificial insemination\ngenerally, otherwise serious difficulties will be encountered.\nMEAT INSPECTION\nSince the last report was compiled, an Act known as \"An Act respecting the\nSlaughtering and the Inspection, Storage, Handling and Preparation of Meat and Meat\nProducts I was passed. Regulations under this Act have been drafted and presented for\nexamination and review. The Clappison plant at Haney continues to operate as a trial\neffort, and is doing a very excellent job and serving a very good purpose. Dr. Kidd and\nlater Dr. Mustard served as Supervising Inspectors. The report is summarized as follows:\nA total slaughter of 5,164 head, made up of 1,167 head of cattle, 179 calves, 22 sheep,\n37 lambs, and 3,759 swine, is shown. The year's operations found only three complete\ncarcasses condemned, two of these being cattle and one of swine. In all, 1,964 portions\nwere condemned. It should be borne in mind that this plant handles only the best class\nof live stock, and the condemnations which are so small in reality do not furnish a cross-\nsection of the situation over the country in general.\nCALFHOOD VACCINATION\nThe work of calfhood vaccination with Strain 19 Brucella vaccine was started in\n1941, immediately when the use of the vaccine was approved by Canada and the United\nStates. Considering our cattle population, I feel that our vaccinations have been high.\nDISEASE-FREE AREAS\nThis policy had its beginning in a small way in the Inonoaklin Valley, Area No. 1,\nin the year 1945, but was not gazetted until 1950. Almost all of British Columbia is now\nunder area control as far north as Alexandria in the Cariboo, except a small portion of\nthe North Okanagan and the Fraser Valley. We also have a good-sized area in the\nMcBride district.\n Z 72\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nThe work is built round both calfhood vaccination and blood-testing. Our\nrecords and findings prove the need for blood-testing in conjunction with vaccination^\nthe sound procedure. \u00a7\nOf the some twenty-three areas established, twenty-one have been gazetted, and\nthese total areas, eleven areas have been shown to be disease-free over complete blood\ntest. Two of our early areas\u2014namely, Area No. 1 (Inonoaklin) and Area No. 3 (Che\njy^'lle)\u2014have recently been completely retested without finding a single reactor. This\nproves that herds and areas can be cleaned up and kept clean. The results of some three\nyears of working with our approved herds has shown that large dairy herds, even in rather\ndangerous surroundings, can be cleaned up and kept clean. i\nA table listing the several areas and showing the vaccinations done through the years\nappears in the appendices. Some of these areas have been cleaned up over blood test\nand consequently vaccinations are nil or much reduced (see Appendix No. 11). \\\nIt should be pointed out that the policing of the different areas imposes a great deal\nof work, but disease-control work, unlike so many other types of effort, demands intimate\nattention to detail. Nothing can be taken for granted. This calls for seeking out animals\nthat have been illegally entered, the retesting of entries legally made, the supervision of\nsales, etc. The most important thing in the successful conduct of the work is the control\nof cattle movements. Only by having areas with suitable boundaries can this be done,\nWe now have very complete control of the regular cattle sales, which is most\nimportant to the success of the work. Some smaller sales are appearing, but these will\nbe brought into line.\n(Detailed reports from the Veterinary Inspector of the Live Stock Branch dealing\nwith various phases of their activities in this particular field are on file in the office of the\nChief Veterinary Inspector. These show the wide scope of the services they perform and\ncontain complete records of animals and premises inspected throughout the year.)\nBRAND INSPECTION flj\nThe following is a report by the Recorder of Brands, Thomas Moore:\u2014 \u00a7|\nShipments\nShipments of cattle in British Columbia were 79,634 head, compared to 63,419\nhead in 1953. This shows an increase of 16,215 head. H\nCattle shipped from the Interior of British Columbia to the United States in 1954\nwere 3,207 head, compared to 528 head in 1953, an increase of 2,679 head. Demand\nfor Canadian cattle this year appeared to be better than in 1953, particularly in the early\npart of 1954.\nShipments of cattle from the Cariboo were 22,684 head, compared with 16,784 head\nin 1953, an increase of 5,900 head. Kamloops-Nicola shipped 24,653 head in 1953,\ncompared with 29,312 head in 1954, an increase of 4,659 head. Shipments of hides\nwere 18,233, as compared to 17,265 in 1953, an increase in the number of hides of 968.\nHorses shipped in 1954 were 5,328 head as against 5,883 head in 1953, a decrease of\n555 head. Shipments of cattle to the Prairies were 7,849 head in 1954, compared\nto 6,595 head in 1953, an increase of 1,254 head.\nInspection Service f|\nBrand inspection was carried on by the Royal Canadian Mounted Police at seventy\nshipping-points in the following districts:\u2014\nCariboo: Williams Lake, Quesnel, Alexis Creek, Bella Coola, Clinton, Lil-\nlooet, Bralorne, 100 Mile House, and Wells.\nKamloops-Nicola: Chase, Blue River, Salmon Arm, Ashcroft, Lytton, Spences\nBridge, Merritt, Hope, Kamloops, Flood, and Boston Bar. \u00a7\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 73\nOkanagan and Similkameen: Vernon, Lumby, Armstrong, Enderby, Kelowna,\nPenticton, Summerland, Oliver, Osoyoos, Princeton, Copper Mountain,\nKeremeos, Hedley, Grand Forks, Greenwood, Falkland, and Sicamous!\nSouth-eastern British Columbia: Rossland, Trail, Fruitvale, Castlegar, Crescent Valley, Nelson, Kaslo, Salmo, Creston, New Denver, Cranbrook,\nKimberley, Fernie, Natal, Invermere, Golden, Revelstoke, Nakusp, Radium Hot Springs, and Field. \u00a7\nCentral British Columbia and Peace River: Smithers, Hazelton, Terrace, Burns\nLake, Vanderhoof, Prince George, McBride, Red Pass, Pouce Coupe,\nIDawson Creek, Fort St. John, Fort St. James, and Atlin.\nInspectors paid by the Department attended to the work at eighteen shipping-points,\nas follows: Bridge Lake, Clinton, Copper Creek, Dawson Creek, Endako, Graham\nSiding, Houston, 100 Mile House, 150 Mile House, Kamloops, Kitwanga, Lac la Hache,\nNicola, Pavilion, Soda Creek, Spillimacheen, Williams Lake, and Lone Butte.\nStaff\nAppointments\nNew appointments during this year were E. Samann, Assistant Supervisor of\nPredator-control, appointed Deputy Brand Inspector on February 25th, 1954, for the\nsole purpose of inspection of horses, before being slaughtered, which are to be used by\nthe Game Department in the control of predators. Dr. J. Steele, Vancouver, City Health\nDepartment, appointed a Deputy Brand Inspector, March 15th, 1954. P. G. Lawrence,\nBrand Inspector, appointed November 16th, 1954.\nResignations\nMarvin Pickard, Deputy Brand Inspector, Soda Creek, resigned August 31st, 1954.\nThe Williams Lake Brand Inspector is covering this area pending a new appointment.\nPeter T. Jacobson, Deputy Brand Inspector, Endako, resigned September 8th, 1954.\nHis duties are being carried out by the R.C.M.P. Vanderhoof Detachment pending a new\nappointment. E. R. King, Deputy Brand Inspector for Bridge Lake, resigned December\n31st, 1953. He was replaced by W. Daniels, who was appointed a Deputy Brand Inspector on January 1st, 1954. || J|\nBrand Commissioners\nLord Martin Cecil, a valued member of the Board of Brand Commissioners,\nsubmitted his resignation to the Minister of Agriculture, and this was accepted with keen\nregret. Hugh G. Cornwall, of Onward Ranch, 150 Mile House, was appointed a member\nof the Board of Brand Commissioners to replace Lord Martin Cecil.\nAppreciation is expressed to the Brand Commissioners for their assistance and\nco-operation during the year. fj|\nLeave of Absence\nA. P. Newhouse, Brand Inspector, Williams Lake, requested a leave of absence to\njoin the armed services. Gilbert Forbes, Deputy Brand Inspector, Lac la Hache, is\nacting as his relief pending the return of A. P. Newhouse, as specified by the Civil\nService Commission.\nLectures to Royal Canadian Mounted Police on | Stock-brands Act |\nLectures given by the Chief Inspector of Brands during the year were held at\nPenticton, Vernon, Kamloops, Nelson, Grand Forks, Cranbrook, and 100 Mile House.\nIn giving these lectures the Chief Inspector of Brands dealt with three Provincial\nStatutes\u2014the I Stock-brands Act,\" the 1 Horned Cattle Purchases Act,\" and the 1 Beef\n Z 74\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nCattle Producers' Assistance Act.\" These lectures were well attended by members of\nthe Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Brand Inspectors, and Deputy Brand Inspectors\nPractical demonstrations of brand inspection were carried out at the various places live\nstock was available. At Kamloops Dr. L. P. Guichon, Brand Commissioner, assisted\nand also A. J. Duck, Brand Inspector, Kamloops, when a demonstration of brand inspection of stock and hides was carried out at the C.N.R. stockyards, Kamloops. It \u00a7 felt\nthat considerable progress has been made by giving these lectures in co-operation with\nthe Royal Canadian Mounted Police.\nStockmen's Meetings and Cattle Sales\nA meeting of the British Columbia Beef Growers' Association held at Kamloops\non March 12th, 1954, was attended, and also the annual meeting of the British Columbia\nBeef Growers' Association held at Clinton on May 29th, 1954. Resolutions submitted\nand approved have received attention. Resolutions dealing with the \"Beef Cattle\nProducers' Assistance Act,\" were discussed and tabled. The matter of cattle killed on\nthe Kettle Valley Railway was discussed. The Chief Inspector of Brands gave a report\nto the meeting explaining that this matter had been fully dealt with as requested, and\nsatisfactory adjustments by the Kettle Valley Railway would be made to any stockman\nwho had cattle killed on the Kettle Valley Railway right-of-way.\nMeetings were also attended at Grand Forks on July 12th, 1954, and Elko on\nJuly 16th, 1954. Matters dealt with were poor branding and the importance of improved\nbranding to curtail stealing and the working-over of brands. These meetings were well\nattended by the ranchers, who appeared very interested in the subjects dealt with and\ndiscussion which ensued.\nA field-day was held at Bulman's ranch, Kelowna, on July 11th, 1954. Your Chief\nInspector of Brands was invited to attend and requested to give a talk on branding, and\nmatters pertaining to the | Stock-brands Act\" explained as requested. Dr. L. P.\nGuichon explained the making of branding-irons and the proper application of same.\nT. O'Keefe gave a practical demonstration of branding. A large number of ranchers\nattended this field-day.\nNational Livestock Brand Conference\nThe National Livestock Brand Conference held at New Mexico on June 21st and\n22nd, 1954, was attended. :^^? . Ill\nRoyal Canadian Mounted Police Co-operation\nAppreciation is expressed to the Royal Canadian Mounted Police for their co-operation throughout the Province in the enforcement of the 1 Stock-brands Act,\" the 1 Beef\nCattle Producers' Assistance Act,\" and the I Horned Cattle Purchases Act.\"\ni We have had a number of convictions for cattle-stealing this year. It is particularly\ncommendable to those members of the force carrying out investigations of this difficult\nnature to have secured sufficient evidence to obtain convictions for cattle-stealing.\nR.C.M.P. detachments, Brand Inspectors, and Deputy Brand Inspectors were visited\nthroughout the Province, and matters discussed pertaining to the enforcement of the\nabove-mentioned Acts.\nBrand-book\nrenewed,\nThe 1953 Supplement No. 1 to the brand-book, showing all brands renewed,\ntransferred, reissued, and new brands, was published and distributed to police and Brand\nInspectors, etc. The issuance of the Annual Supplement No. 2 to the brand-book,\nshowing all brands issued in 1954, is due at the end of the year. It is anticipated to have\ntins brand-book completed so that it can be in the hands of the printers soon after the\nfirst of the new year.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 75\nBrands\nNew Brand Applications.\u2014Approximately 334 new brands were issued this year.\nBrand Renewals.\u2014There were 954 renewal applications sent out from this office\nin 1954. K I\nBrands Renewed.\u2014There were 1,109 brands renewed in 1954.\nBrand Transfers.\u2014There were 117 transfers of brands in 1954.\nBrand Reissues.\u2014There were 79 reissues of brands made in 1954.\nLicences Issued\n1953 1954\nSlaughter-house 86 83\nHide-dealers 84 74\nStock-dealers 128 137\nBeef-peddlers 10 10\nHorse-slaughterers 19 18\nHorse-meat dealers (animal food) 8 8\nHorse-meat dealers (human consumption) 1 2\nPermit to transport horses for range purposes 49 50\nPermit to transport stallions for breeding purposes 1 1\nA complete list of the licensees is attached (see Appendix No. 12).\nFlood Check-point\nFigures shown below are for the years 1953 and 1954, carried out by the Royal\nCanadian Mounted Police at Flood in the checking of all live stock, hides, and dressed\nbeef through this check-point.\n1953 1954\nNumber of cattle 5,010 6,781\nNumber of horses I 1,084 1,015\nNumber of hides 2,191 3,872\nDressed beef (quarters) 52 89\nNumber of trucks checked| 994 1,080\nProsecutions and Convictions under the I Stock-brands Act \"\nSection 35 (failing to have cattle inspected at point of shipment): Keremeos, 1;\nPenticton, 1; Lytton, 1; Kimberley, 1.\nSection 34 (1) (operate as stock-dealer without a licence): Sumas, 1.\nSection 40 (transporting beef without Form 4): Smithers, 1; Penticton, 1.\nSection 37 (receive stock for carriage without brand certificate): Keremeos, 1.\nSection 23 (4) (obstructing Brand Inspector) : Clinton,!.\nSection 41 (b) (failing to produce brand inspection certificate): Hope, 2.\nSection 40 (ft) (impress brand other than registered brand of owner): Alexis\nCreeb 1.\nConvictions under the Criminal Code of Canada re Cattle\nSection 369 (theft of cattle): Haney, 2; Enderby, 3; Courtenay, 1; Greenwood, 3.\nCattle and Hide Shipments ||\nFor cattle and hide shipments for the Province of British Columbia for the year 1954,\nsee Appendix No. 13.\n Z 76\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nREPORT OF FIELD CROPS BRANCH\nNorman F. Putnam, M.Sc, Field Crops Commissioner\nC H. Nelson, B.S.A., Assistant Field Crops Commissioner\nCROP PRODUCTION\nCereals\nTotal cereal production will be reduced slightly this year, with the general quality\nof the grain much lower. Excellent moisture throughout the summer indicated a bumper\ncrop in all the major grain-growing areas, but continued wet weather into the harvest\nseason caused severe losses and lowered grades. Wheat acreage in the Peace River\nDistrict was reduced sharply this year, with an increase in oats, barley, and flax. Much\nof the crop in the area was harvested in damp condition, but the latter part of October\nturned fine, allowing all crops to be harvested, with yields running about average for the\ndistrict.\nGrain production was average in the Creston area and somewhat above average in\nthe North Okanagan, but again harvesting conditions lowered grades. There were\n10,000 bushels of Durum wheat grown on the Creston Flats this year.\nThe oat-crop in the Fraser Valley was sharply reduced because of the wet weather,\nwith considerable lodging and shattering. There is also more oats used for pasture\nsilage where it is under sown with grass mixtures. ||\nFollowing is an estimate of cereal production in the major areas:\u2014\nor\nDistrict\nSpring\nWheat\nFall\nWheat\nOats\nBarley\nFlax\nRye\nField\nPeas\nPeace River\t\nCentral Interior (McBride to Smithers)\nEast Kootenay\t\nCreston\t\nBoundary (Grand Forks-Bridesville).\nNorth Okanagan\t\nKamloops\t\nFraser Valley\t\nVancouver Island\t\nBu.\n1,175,000\n46,500\n20,000\n160,000\n24,000\n160,000\n12,500\nBu.\n6,000\n209,000\n400,000\n45,000\nBu.\n1,760,000\n309,000\n30,000\n240,000\n48,000\n300,000\n600,000\n300,000\nBu.\n2,052,000\n38,500\n20,000\n68,000\n64,000\n200,000\nBu.\n100,000\nBu.\n100,000\nTons\n1,620\n2,000\nHay and Pasture\nThe cool, wet spring in all areas delayed grass growth, and pastures were about two\nweeks later than normal. Continued cool weather with above average rainfall kept\npastures at a high level of production throughout the season. Hay-crops were heavy,\nbut wet weather hampered haying operations with a lot of spoiled hay. The hay situation in the Chilcotin area, where ranchers rely entirely on wild-hay meadows, became\nacute when it was impossible to cut these. However, ranchers took advantage of fine\nweather late in October, and some feed was salvaged. With some supplemental feeding,\nthe ranchers should be able to get through the winter. 1 j\u00a7\nIn all areas there has been a decided increase in the preservation of forage-crops\nas ensilage, and especially in the Lower Mainland and North Okanagan. At least twice\nas much silage has been put up this year over last year, and, in general, farmers have\nhad good results from the increased use of silage in the feeding programme.\nGrassland Clubs continued to function this year, with a large increase in membership. In addition to the clubs formed last year at Duncan, Matsqui, Pitt Meadows,\nChilliwack, and North Okanagan, new clubs were organized at Langley, Mission, Agassiz, Cedar, and Courtenay. The clubs held field-days and lecture courses, and they have\nprovided a basis for the increasing interest in grassland improvement.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 77\nForage-crop Seed\nGenerally, the season has been unfavourable for the production of legume seed but\nreasonably favourable for grass-seed crops, notably creeping red fescue in the Peace\nRiver District. Double-cut red clover in the Fraser Valley was almost a complete failure.\nUnder the National Forage Crop Seed Plan, growers harvested crops of Lasalle red clover\nand Grimm alfalfa. New contracts let this year include Lasalle red clover and vernal\nalfalfa.\nThe following table gives, in summary, the estimated forage-seed production for\n1954 and production for 1953:\u2014 Estimated\nProduction, Production,\n1953 1954\n(Lb.) (Lb.)\nAlfalfa 530,000 150,000\nRed clover (single) 125,000 110,000\nRed clover (double) 400,000 50,000\nLasalle red clover 3,700\nAlsike clover 400,000 400,000\nSweet clover 350,000 225,000\nWhite clover 300 \t\nLadino clover 2,500 \t\nTimothy 220,000 250,000\nTimothy-alsike mixture 100,000 200,000\nBrome 125,000 100,000\nCreeping red fescue 605,700 700,000\nReed canary-grass 2,000 6,000\nOrchard-grass 1,250 2,600\nRed-top 22,400 17,000\nSpring vetch 7,000 6,000\nFall vetch 2,800 2,100\nIntermediate wheat-grass 70\nProduction of Registered and Certified Seed\nThe inspection and registration of cereal- and forage-crop seeds is carried out by\nrepresentatives of the Plant Products Division, Federal Department of Agriculture, under\nthe regulations of the | Seeds Act.\" The following table gives, in summary, the number\nof acres and the estimated production of varieties inspected in British Columbia in 1954,\nthe largest acreage being located in the Peace River Block:\u2014 Production\nVariety Acres (Bu.)\nBarley\u2014\nMontcalm 5 # 250\nNewal 20 1,200\nOlli 413 15,430\nVantage 14 480 ||\nOats\u2014 i\nI Beaver 66 1,950\nEagle . 10 800\nVictory - 158 5,200\nWheat\u2014\nSaunders 417 13,080\nThatcher 146 3,700\nFlax\u2014\nMarine 204 3,850\nRedwing 356 3,290\n Z 78\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nVariety Acres\nAlfalfa-\nGrimm \"52\nLadak 91\nRhizoma 674\nBrome-grass \u2014 128\nSweet clover 185\nCreeping red fescue 2,736\nDuraturf creeping red fescue 288\nOrchard-grass (Hercules) 6\nRed clover (Altaswede) \t\nRed clover (Lasalle) 35\nCrested wheat-grass 5\nSeed Improvement\nEstimated\nProduction\n(Bu.)\n21,100\n70,000\n675,875\n23.500\n3,500\n500\nFoundation-stock seed produced by the Agronomy Department of the University\nof British Columbia and distributed to growers through the Branch this year included\nDawson's Golden Chaff wheat, 70 pounds; Ridit wheat, 190 pounds; Storm rye, 550\npounds; Eagle oats, 1,600 pounds; Victory oats, 800 pounds; and Olli barley,\n175 pounds.\nm Potatoes S\nPlanting of commercial potatoes was reduced about 10 per cent this year to 10,300\nacres. Late blight at the Coast and early frosts in the Central Interior reduced marketable\nyields. Prices have remained firm.\nThe acreage of seed-potatoes is also down this year. The following list of varieties\nand acreage inspected is supplied through the Federal Seed Potato Inspection Service:\u2014\nVariety Acreage\nCanus p2.95\nChippewa 1.50\nColumbia Russet 7.08\nEarly Epicure 38.80\nEarly Rose 11.50\nGold Coin 2.75\nGreen Mountain 55.50\nIrish Cobbler 3.00\nKatahdin 29.51\nKennebec 1.00\nKeswick 3.00\nVariety Acreage\nNetted Gem 1,315.03\nPontiac 23.83\nRed Warba 0.25\nSebago 3.00\nSir Walter Raleigh 0.50\nWarba 88.93\nWee McGregor 0.25\nWhite Rose 145.82\nTotal 1,734.20\nThe main areas of production are also given, with approximate acreages inspected\nin 1954 (1953 acreage in parentheses): Vancouver Island, 150 (221); Lower Mainland, 627 (756); Pemberton, 202 (212); Okanagan, 213 (273); Cariboo, 117 (163);\nCentral British Columbia, 20 (76); Boundary District, 310 (339); East and West\nKootenays, 84 (120).\nOceanside Test-plots\nThis Branch again assembled, treated, and shipped seed-potato samples to the plots\nat Oceanside. One hundred and twenty-nine samples of 200 seed-pieces each were sent\nin by ninety-one growers. These samples were planted at the Oceanside testing-ground\non November 15th and 16th. Disease readings will be taken the end of February so that\nresults can be given wide publicity to growers and buyers of seed-potatoes before planting\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 79\nSeed-potato Selection\nA programme of seed-potato selection was undertaken this year to improve the\ngeneral quality and standard of perfection of seed-potato stocks. Selections this year\nwere made from Netted Gem and White Rose on two farms in the Pemberton area and\ntwo farms in Grand Forks. These selections have been culled, and progeny will be tested\nto select for yield, uniformity, trueness to type, vigour, freedom from disease, and other\nagronomic features.\nPeas\nTotal production of peas for the canning and freezing trade on Vancouver Island\nand in the Fraser Valley is down this year. Field peas in the North Okanagan and\nCreston areas were good, with an estimated production of 1,620 tons and 2,000 tons\nrespectively.\nField Crop Union\nMembership in the Field Crop Union was 109 this year, with 99 tests distributed.\nThe following gives the number of tests sent out by districts: Vancouver Island, 23;\nLower Mainland, 3; North Okanagan, 13; Central Interior and Cariboo, 38; Boundary\nand Kootenays, 17; Peace River, 5. Again the grass-mixture tests were the most\npopular.\nField-crop Demonstrations\nThe Branch co-operated with District Agriculturists and Dominion Experimental\nFarm Service in continuing the establishment of demonstration plots of cereals. Cereal\ntrials were conducted in the East Kootenays, Edgewood, Rock Creek, Cariboo, Fraser\nValley, and on Vancouver Island. This work is of value in demonstrating the performance of recommended varieties as well as testing new varieties under local conditions.\nSoils and Soil Fertility\nMaximum crop production can only be achieved through maintaining a high level\nof soil-fertility, and this Branch has continued to co-operate with the Extension staff\nin promoting improved soil-management practices through soil and plant analysis, fertilizer demonstrations, tillage and crop-rotation demonstrations, irrigation studies, and\nother principles of soil-management practices.\nSoil and Forage Analyses\nThere were 2,260 soil samples analysed up to the end of October this year. Analyses\nare made for available nitrogen, phosphorus, potash, and calcium by the Spurway rapid-\ntest method. pH readings and, in some cases, conductivity readings are also made.\nResults of all farm samples are reported back through the district agricultural office\nconcerned.\nSince the end of October no soils have been analysed, as our laboratory facilities\nare taken up with forage analyses. Analyses are being made for crude protein and\nmoisture on samples of grain, hay, and silage, of farm samples submitted by District\nAgriculturists. pH determinations on silage are also made. We expect to do a total of\n200 such analyses, with about eighty-eight done to date. Most of the analyses are made\non silage samples submitted, and very interesting and worth-while information is being\nassembled. f\u00a7\nTillage Trials l|\nIn co-operation with the Extension Branch and the Agricultural Engineering Branch,\ntillage and cropping trials were inaugurated this year. Two locations in the Duncan area\ninvolved deep-tillage studies, and another project in the same area includes a detailed\n Z 80\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nstudv of various tillage operations in preparing a seed-bed for cereal and pasture estab-\nhshment In combination with a terracing project at Bndesville by the Engineering\nBranch, a demonstration system of strip cropping on steep slopes to prevent erosion and\nimprove fertility was laid down this year.\nFertilizer Demonstrations\nIn addition to plots already laid down and continued this year, several new fertilizer\ndemonstrations were started. These plots, which are operated in co-operation with\ndistrict officials, are carried on in nearly all districts of the Province. Depending on the\ndistrict, they include a wide range of kinds and rates of fertilizer applications on major\nfield crops, including cereals, potatoes, legume and grass crops for hay, silage, or pasture.\nSome plots on minor elements are also included. Such trials not only give valuable\ninformation on fertilizer response in areas where such information is lacking, but also\nacquaint the farmer in the area with results obtained. Field-days have been held in many\ndistricts on these demonstration plots.\nSoils Club\nIn co-operation with the local District Agriculturist and 4-H Club supervisor,\nlectures were given to a group of boys from the Duncan and Saanich districts over a\ntwo-year period. Soils were discussed, field-trips made, and fertility demonstrations\ncarried out. \u00a7 A similar club with new members has been formed this fall to carry on\na soils education programme in the Saanich area. M\nAgricultural Lime\nMovement of agricultural lime for soil-amendment purposes has dropped slightly\nthis year. From January 1st to November 30th, 25,781.5 tons were distributed under\nthe Federal-Provincial Lime Subsidy Policy. During the past year minor changes were\nmade in the subsidy policy. Use of gypsum as a soil amendment has increased in the\nOkanagan area. Lime Subsidy totals are based on the fiscal year.\nThe following is a summary of the movement of agricultural lime and subvention\npaid for the past five years:\u2014\nTable No. 1\nFiscal Year\nTotal Number\nof Applications\nApproved\nTotal Amount\nof Subsidy\nRecommended\nTotal\nTonnage\nUsed\n1949-50. \t\n974\n1,810\n1,827\n2,243\n1,590\n$20,188.47\n42,589.93\n55,387.51\n69,974.18\n52,458.01\n13,722.26\n1950-51 \t\n26,235.06\n1951-52\t\n31,154.17\n1952-53\t\n38,917.55\n1953-54 \t\n28,239.24\nFiscal Year\nGround\nLimestone\nTable No. 2\nHydrated\nLime\n1949-50\n1950-51\n1951-52\n1952-53\n1953-54\n9,396.53\n7.00\n8,412.20\n42.50\n6,125.402\n131.175\n8,595.223\n117.425\n8,837.63\n52.50\nMarl\nCarbide\nResidue\nGypsum\nPulverized\nOyster or\nClam Shell\n4,318.73\n17,746.11\n22,051.05\n27,926.155\n18,584.02\n2,637.00\n2,020.50\n732.00\n34.25\n150.55\n190.25\n115.50\n59.00\n68.00\n3.50\nTotal\nTonnage\n13,722.26\n26,235.06\n31,154.17\n38,917.55\n28,325.15\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 81\nAverage Application ft\nYear Tons Year Tons\n1949-50 14.09 1952-53 20 94\n1950-51 14.49 1953-54 17 76\n1951-52 17.05 J!\nFertilizer and Agricultural Poisons Board\nTwo meetings of the Board were held during the year\u2014on May 26th and August\n16th. The spring meeting was held in conjunction with the trade to consider fertilizer\nmixes for the coming year. The following mixes were approved: 0-12-20, 2-15-15,\n2-16-6, 4-10-10, 6-8-6 (organic), 6-30-15, 8-10-5, and 10-20-10. Mixes for\ntobacco and sugar-beets were considered as special mixes, since the tonnage involved is\nnot large and the mixes are for special crops.\nWEED-CONTROL\nTwo Weed Inspectors were appointed this year for the summer months\u2014one on the\nnorth side of the Peace River and one on the south side. The Department of Public\nWorks has increased spraying of roadsides for weed-control, and this year the Alaska\nHighway Command sprayed a considerable section of the highway through the farming\nareas. An active community weed-control programme is operating in the Armstrong\narea with very good results.\nIn most areas, farmers are using weed chemicals more widely for weed-control, with\ngood results in most instances.\nFederal-Provincial Weed Survey\nDuring the past season a weed survey was completed in the Fraser Valley comprising\nsome 450,000 acres. This survey is a joint project with the Botany Division, Science\nService, Canada Department of Agriculture. Several new weeds were collected, which\nare the first recorded in Canada. Of particular interest was the recording of a recent\ninfestation of tansy ragwort (Senecio facobcea) in the Abbotsford district.\nWeed-control Trials\nIntroduction of new chemical herbicides has made this one of the most rapidly\nexpanding phases of agriculture. We have continued to test these herbicides under\nvarying conditions on a wide range of crops and weeds. Any new materials introduced\nare also treated. This year we conducted fifteen such weed trials in the Fraser Valley,\nfour on Vancouver Island, and three in the North Okanagan, in addition to work already\nstarted in those areas. These chemicals include all formulations of 2,4-D and MCP,\nselective and pre-emergent forms of DNBP, TCA, IPC, and CIPC, Dalapon, CMU,\nPCP, borate chlorate mixtures, and 2,4-D borate mixtures.\nIIgrain Screenings\nIn the period January 1st to November 30th, twenty permits for removal of screenings were issued. During the same period forty-four feeders' permits have been issued.\nThere has been an increase in the amount of devitalized processed screenings reported\nboth for the local market and for export (Appendix No. 16).\nAppendix No. 17 gives, in summary, the movement of screenings from British\nColumbia elevators for the period January 1st to October 31st.\n Z 82\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nPRIZE-WINNERS AT THE TORONTO ROYAL WINTER FAIR\nBecause of the poor harvesting season, there were fewer exhibits forwarded from\nthis Province to the Toronto Royal Winter Fair, but those who exhibited made a good\nshowing.\nF R. Coy, of Invermere, took third place m the alfalfa class and eighteenth in the\norchard-grass class. S. Weston placed fourth in the alfalfa class and fourth in the\ncreeping red fescue class.\nIn the Brassica seed class, Alan R. Thompson was third and William C. Zylmans\nfourth. 1\nIn the Netted Gem class, winners of first, second, third, fifth, and tenth place were,\nrespectively, Ross Brothers, Pemberton; Edmond Ronayne, Pemberton; Francis s!\nPincosy, Salmon Arm; and John O. Decker, Pemberton. Francis S. Pincosy, of Salmon\nArm, placed twelfth, and Alfred L. Needoba, of Salmon Arm, fourteenth in the Katahdin\npotato class. In the A.O.V. potato class, Ross Brothers placed sixteenth, while in the\nA.O.V. rose or red class, John O. Decker was fourth and Francis S. Pincosy eighth.\nIn the vegetable-potato classes, H. H. Bazett, of Duncan, took sixth place for his\nIrish Cobbler sample, and placed third in the cooking class. Alfred L. Needoba took\nthird place in the Katahdin class and second in the Netted Gem class.\nREPORT OF FARMERS9 INSTITUTES S\nL. W. Johnson, Superintendent m\nAt the beginning of the year 1954 there were 183 Farmers' Institutes in the Province.\nOf these, 153 Institutes have filed returns for the year 1953, sixteen are inactive, and\nfourteen have failed to file returns.\nReturns from the active Institutes show that while membership is approximately\n6,500, Institute business continues to increase. Figures for the past three years are as\nfollows:\u2014\nReceipts\t\nExpenditures\nAssets\t\nLiabttities\t\n1951\n$1,111,746.02\n1,009,012.51\n415,761.61\n138,915.03\n1952\n$1,191,159.50\n1,053,618.41\n429,613.67\n83,256.17\n1953\n$1,197,941.19\n1,054,250.94\n504,147.24\n83,165.02\nThe purchase of commodities by Institutes on behalf of members showed a slight\ndecrease over the previous year, with the exception of stumping-powder, which showed\nan increase of approximately $10,000, being $73,173.37 for the year. Other commodities, which includes feed, seed, fertilizers, gasoline, oil, hardware, etc., decreased\napproximately $30,000, being $851,923.23 for the year 1953. g\nDISTRICT INSTITUTES \u00a7\nAll District Institutes held annual meetings during the year, with the Superintendent\nin attendance at each. The place and dates of each meeting, together with the names\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954\nZ 83\nof the elected president, secretary, and Advisory Board member, respectively, were as\nfollows:\u2014\nDistrict\nPlace\nDate\nOfficers Elected\n\"A\"\n\"B\"\n\"C\"\nNanaimo\t\nTelkwa\t\nPrince George\t\nKamloops\t\nNew Westminster\nFruitvale\t\nSalmon Arm\t\nSeptember 25\t\nJune 22 and 23 .\nJune 25 and 26\t\nW. R. Barker, Duncan; J. T. Neen, R.R. 3, Nanaimo;\nH. Drummond, Glen Lake.\nE. Widen, Telkwa; A. Shelford, Wistaria; A. Shelford,\nWistaria.\nAlton Myers, Fort Fraser; R. E. Johnston, Prince George;\nT. E. Gerhardi, Fort Fraser.\nW. Charlton, Pritchard; G. W. Humphrey, Chase; L.\nJohnson, Heffley Creek.\nT. Kuhn, Cloverdale: J. C. MacKenzie, New Westminster\nD. Hunter, R.R. 2, Cloverdale.\nJohn Cochrane, Mirror Lake; K. Wallace, BosweU; K.\nWallace, Boswell.\nW. A. Monk, Grindrod; M. A. Dangel, Grindrod; J.\nWoodburn, Salmon Arm.\nJ. Trueman, Quesnel; F. Vernon, Bouchie Lake; E. Greenlee, Canim Lake.\nL. G. Pippin, Cranbrook; A. B. Smith, Cranbrook; J. B.\nAye, Jaffray.\nW. C. Henderson, Rolla; John Close, Sunset Prairie; P. A.\nLeeland, Clayhurst.\n\"D\"\n\"E\"\nOctober 28\t\nFebruary 5\t\n\"G\"\nMay 26 and 27\t\nOctober 27\n\"H\"\n\u00ab< T >>\nAlexandria\t\nCranbrook\t\nFort St. John\t\nJune 26\t\nMay 28\t\n\"J\"\nJune 29\t\nADVISORY BOARD OF FARMERS' INSTITUTES\nThe Advisory Board was called to Victoria by the Minister of Agriculture on\nMarch 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, at which time 126 resolutions, submitted by District Institutes,\nwere considered. Of these, eighty-eight were carried, nineteen withdrawn, fifteen lost,\nand four tabled.\nNine resolutions\u2014dealing with the following subjects: Increased appropriations for\nthe Department of Agriculture, veterinary scholarships, rural electrification, school taxes,\nworking out taxes, Ministry of Co-operatives, Pacific Great Eastern Railway, river-bank\nerosion, and agricultural schools\u2014were presented to the Select Standing Committee on\nAgriculture, on March 3rd.\nThe report of the Select Standing Committee on Agriculture to the Legislative\nAssembly was as follows:\u2014\nLegislative Committee Room, March 30th, 1954.\nMr. Speaker:\nYour Select Standing Committee on Agriculture begs leave to report as follows:\u2014\nYour Committee met the Advisory Board of Farmers' Institutes and heard the presentation\nof a list of resolutions as submitted by them. Careful consideration was given to these resolutions,\nand your Committee:\u2014\n(1) Recommends the allotment of a larger proportion from the Budget to the Department of Agriculture for future years to provide necessary services to the farming\nindustry of British Columbia:\n(2) Recommends initiation of a system of scholarships to help out suitable students\nwith an interest or inclination toward veterinary work:\n(3) Whereas cheap electrical power is essential to-day for successful farm operation\nand to provide a reasonably high standard of living for farmers, and whereas rural\nelectrification is generally considered as necessary to encourage the settlement in\nscattered areas and in areas that do not necessarily pay for themselves through\npurchase of electrical energy, your Committee recommends the extension of rural\nelectrification as rapidly as possible by all power concerns in the Province with\nthe utmost encouragement to hydro development within the Province to facilitate\nelectrification, and that, wherever possible, funds to be made available under\nsection 107 of the \" Electric Power Act,\" and that hydro power be made available\nin areas adjacent to the site where power is developed:\n(4) In view of the fact that many farmers, due to physical or financial difficulties, are\nunable to pay taxes on their lands, and the further fact that in some cases side-\nroads do not receive any or, in other cases, adequate Government work, your\n Z 84\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nCommittee recommends that a farmer wishing to work out his taxes on the road\nmay do so in the discretion of the engineer or Minister concerned:\n(5) Recommends that a committee be set up to give assistance, supervision, and direc\ntion to co-operatives, and that the formation and organization of co-operatives\nand credit unions be further encouraged:\n(6) In view of the fact that the Pacific Great Eastern Railway is not only of vital\nimportance to the entire Peace River area but is also of economic importance to\nthe Province as a whole, your Committee recommends the extension of this rail-\nway from Squamish to Vancouver and from Prince George to the Peace River\narea as expeditiously as possible:\n(7) Realizing that the cost of preventing river-bank erosion is prohibitive to the\nindividual land-owner, your Committee recommends every effort to control erosion\nof our agricultural land, and that departments of Government involved continue\nto work toward a concrete policy in this matter and continue to press the Federal\nGovernment for participation in this type of control work under the Federal\n\"Conservation Act\" of 1953: 1\n(8) Recommends consideration of the establishment of an agricultural school or college within the Province at some appropriate place.\nRespectfully submitted.\nL. H. Shantz, Chairman.\nEXHIBITIONS AND FALL FAIRS jS\nDuring the year 1954 one Class A and three Class B exhibitions were held in the\nProvince, together with seventy-one fall fairs, being an increase of six fairs over the\nyear 1953.\nThe Department again paid grants to all exhibitions and fairs in aid of their prize-\nlists. Grants to fall fairs were made on a basis of 25 per cent of the previous year's\nprize-money paid.\nPlaces and dates of these exhibitions and fairs were as follows:\u2014 J|\nExhibitions\nChilliwack- August 19 to 21.\nVancouver August 25 to September 6. If\nDuncan September 9 to 11. J|\nArmstrong September 14 to 16.\nFall Fairs jjH\nVancouver Island\nMayne Island August 19.\nGanges September 1.\nSaturna September 1.\nCourtenay September 2 to 4. fl\nSaanichton September 4 and 6. ||\nCobble Hill September 8. \u25a0\nAlberni September 9 to 11. JH\nCoombs : September 10 and 11. ff\nLuxton September 11. I\nSooke September 11. jB\nLasqueti September 15. |\nNanaimo September 16 to 18.\nLadysmith September 22 and 23.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 85\nFraser Valley\nHaney August 12 to 14.\nPort Moody August 13.\nGibsons August 20 and 21.\nHope August 28.\nSquamish September 6.\nPort Coquitlam September 6.\nAbbotsford September 7 and 8.\nAgassiz September 10.\nLangley September 10 and 11.\nMission September 15 and 16.\nNorth Delta September 16 and 17.\nNorth Burnaby September 17 and 18.\nCloverdale September 17 and 18.\nPowell River September 23 to 25.\nSouth Burnaby September 24 and 25.\nAldergrove September 24.\nLadner September 24 and 25.\nVancouver October 1 and 2.\nOkanagan-North Thompson\nVernon August 19 to 21.\nPenticton August 20 and 21.\nPeachland August 27.\nWestbank September 3,\nChase September 6.\nLouis Creek 1 September 6.\nRevelstoke September 6.\nMerritt September 6.\nEast Kelowna September 8;\nCawston September 9.\nKelowna September 9 to 11.\nGrand Forks September 10.\nOliver September 10 and 11.\nLillooet September 16 and 17.\nRock Creek September 22.\nSalmon Arm September 23 and 24.\nEast and West Kootenays\nNatal August 7 and 9.\nInvermere August 20 and 21.\nFruitvale September 3 and 4.\nArrow Park September 4.\nEdgewood September 5 and 6.\nNelson September 9 to 11.\nRossland September 13 and 14.\nCrawford Bay September 14. \u00a7\nCastlegar September 17 and 18.\nCreston September 17 and 18.\n Z 86\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nCentral British Columbia and Peace River\nMontney August 11.\nSunset Prairie August 12.\nDawson Creek August 13 and 14.\nMcBride August 24 and 25.\nWilliams Lake August 26 and 27.\nFort Fraser August 28.\nSmithers September 3.\nBurns Lake ! September 3 and 4.\nPrince George September 3, 4, and 6,\nBridge Lake September 4.\nBella Coola | September 6.\nQuesnel September 10 and 11.\nWatch Lake September 11.\nTerrace September 17 and 18.\nPOUND DISTRICTS W\nDuring the year twelve unorganized areas in the Province were constituted as\npound districts. These were as follows:\u2014\nName of Pound\nWest Bench\t\nPalling\t\nDeep Creek\t\nFauquier\t\nBeaver Creek-\nBurns Lake\t\nShelley\t\nVanderhoof.\t\nLittle Fort\t\nChristina Lake\nNanoose\t\nLister\t\nDistrict\nOkanagan\t\nCentral British Columbia-\nNorth Okanagan\t\nArrow Lakes\t\nVancouver Island\t\nCentral British Columbia.\nPrince George\t\nCentral British Columbia.\nNorth Thompson\t\nGrand Forks\t\nVancouver Island\t\nEast Kootenay\t\nDate\nJanuary 19.\nJanuary 27.\nMarch 29.\nApril 23.\nApril 23.\nJuly 2.\nAugust 9.\nNovember 4.\nNovember 8.\nNovember 26.\nNovember 26.\nDecember 13.\nThe boundaries of seven pound districts were extended during the year. These were\nas follows:\u2014\nName of Pound\nBear Mountain.\nCanyon\t\nRed Rock\t\nCranberry\t\nRose Prairie\t\nSouth Dawson..\nBalmoral-Carlin-Notch Hill.\nDistrict\nPeace River\t\nEast Kootenay\t\nPrince George\t\nVancouver Island\nPeace River\t\nPeace River\t\nSalmon Arm\t\nDate\nMarch 29.\nMay 20.\nJuly 2.\nJuly 2.\nJuly 29.\nAugust 30.\nNovember 12.\nGRASSHOPPER-CONTROL AREAS\nDuring the year one new grasshopper-control area was constituted\u2014namely, West-\nbank, on December 13th\u2014bringing to eight the number of active control areas in the\nProvince. These control areas, together with the amount expended by each for control\nmeasures, are as follows:\u2014\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 z 87\nNicola Grasshopper-control Area $20 000.00\nClinton Grasshopper-control Area 875 96\nSouth Riske Creek Grasshopper-control Area 1,638^75\nOliver-Osoyoos Grasshopper-control Area\t\nPrinceton Grasshopper-control Area 3 520.72\nVernon and District Grasshopper-control Area\t\nThompson Valleys Grasshopper-control Area\t\nWestbank Grasshopper-control Area\t\nTotal _ $26,035.43\nMISCELLANEOUS\nFence-viewers for the Nanaimo and The Islands Electoral District and for the North\nOkanagan Electoral District were appointed.\nOne hundred and forty-five licences to sell poisons used exclusively in agriculture\nWere issued. New regulations governing the sale of drugs and poisons were also issued.\nREPORT OF WOMEN'S INSTITUTES\nStella E. Gummow, Superintendent\nFour new Women's Institutes have been organized during the year, and three have\ndisbanded, leaving a total of 238. The new Institutes are Vedder in the Hopeline District\nof the South Fraser, Vinsulla in the North Thompson, and Bella Coola and Wells in the\nCariboo. Winlaw in the West Kootenay, Eagle Crest in the North Fraser, and Circle\nThree in the East Kootenay have ceased to function. Langford is in abeyance, but owns\na good hall, has a good cash balance on hand, and we hope a revival of local interest may\nenable this Institute to resume activity.\nAnnual reports for the year 1953, from 223 institutes reporting, show their total\nreceipts to be $148,294.28 and their expenditures $106,788.78. The total membership\nwas 5,367. ~'M\nInstitute funds are spent in the main for community projects, such as building, furnishing, and maintaining community and Women's Institute halls. Contributions are\nmade to playgrounds, parks, and the beautification of cemeteries and identifying unmarked graves. Fall fairs and flower shows are financed wholly or in part by the Institutes, contributions are made to the Women's Institute scholarship for girls taking Home\nEconomics, and to the Provincial per capita tax for convention expenses.\nWOMEN'S INSTITUTE TRUST FUNDS\nThe Othoa Scott Trust Fund consists of $10,000 held in trust, with the interest used\nannually to help crippled and disabled children. This is administered by the Provincial\nBoard.\nThe Women's Institute Memorial Fund now has $13,000 in bonds, and the interest\nis used for a $250 scholarship in Home Economics at the University of British Columbia.\nMiss Lynn Webster, of Coldstream, is this year's winner. A bursary of $100 will also be\nawarded next year for the first time, in all probability to a girl or boy taking agriculture.\nPROVINCIAL CONVENTION\nThe biennial convention was held at the University of British Columbia on June 1st\nto 3rd. Special guest was Mrs. J. W. Adams, of Ethelton, Sask., president of the\n Z 88\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nFederated Women's Institutes of Canada. The sessions were planned around the standing\ncommittees of Agriculture, Citizenship, Cultural Activities, Home Economics, Social\nWelfare and United Nations and International Exchange Programmes. Special speakers\nwere L.G. Wallace, who spoke on 1 Recreation in Rural Areas \"; Miss Charlotte Black\nDirector of the School of Home Economics, University of British Columbia; Charles\nWalls, of the Federation of Agriculture; and Miss Jessie M. Boeckenheuer, Extension\nAgent of Whatcom County, Wash., who spoke on | The Women of Germany.\" Reports\nof standing committee conveners were given by Mrs. R. Palmer, Mrs. G. Brown, Mrs. |\nPartington, Mrs. M. Powers, and Mrs. E. J. Roylance.\nA meat-cutting demonstration presented by Safeway Stores proved of value.\nA complimentary dinner was given by the Government of British Columbia, at which\nthe Honourable W. K. Kiernan, Minister of Agriculture, presented the Canadian flag and\nthe Union Jack, and Point Grey presented the flag of the United Nations. These were\naccepted by Mrs. A. A. Shaw, Provincial president.\nOfficers were elected as follows: President\u2014Mrs. A. A. Shaw, 4020 West Tenth\nAvenue, Vancouver; vice-president\u2014Mrs. E. J. Roylance, Greenwood; directors\u2014Mrs.\nT. Windt, Alexandria; Mrs. P. Douglas, Whaletown; and Mrs. J. Decker, Pemberton.\nMrs. R. Doe was reappointed secretary-treasurer at the Board meeting which followed, and the standing conveners were appointed as follows: Agriculture\u2014Mrs. R. C.\nPalmer, Okanagan Mission; Citizenship\u2014Mrs. J. Frolek, Knutsford; Cultural Activities\n\u2014Mrs. R. Partington, Francois Lake; Home Economics\u2014Mrs. W. G. Brown, Chilliwack; Social Welfare\u2014Mrs. J. Young, Rose Prairie; United Nations and International\nExchange Programmes\u2014Mrs. D. J. De Rochie, Sooke. M\nHOME ECONOMICS SHORT COURSES\nThese short courses were held again for the third year in succession and have proved\ntheir worth as we have now covered the Province once. The same staff members from the\nSchool of Home Economics as last year\u2014Miss O. Ross, Miss W. Bracher, Miss L.\nDemchuk, and Miss M. McFarlane\u2014made these courses a summer project with marked\nsuccess. Miss Ross and Miss Demchuk started early on Vancouver Island, with Miss\nRoss continuing to Pemberton and some Fraser Valley points. Miss Bracher and Miss\nMcFarlane covered the North Thompson, the North Okanagan, and the Kootenays.\nPROVINCIAL BOARD 1|\nThe Provincial Board met in the office of the Superintendent on October 14th and\n15th, with all members attending. Plans were made for carrying out suggestions and\nrecommendations passed at the Provincial convention. A scheme was worked out to\nraise the per capita to $1 for four years to raise money to send delegates to Ceylon in\nDecember, 1956, for the next meeting of the Associated Country Women of the World.\nThe Board went on record as being in favour of adding a Home Economist to the\nWomen's Institute staff so that a year-round service could be given in Home Economics.\nA resolution was passed asking that the dogwood should be the official flower of this\nProvince, as an investigation had disclosed that the dogwood in one of its various forms\nis found all over British Columbia. ;jB\nThe standing committees were outlined and defined.\nPACIFIC NATIONAL EXHIBITION\nTwelve Institutes competed for the challenge cup this year, which was won by Point\nGrey for the third time, and thus becomes their property. The Institute exhibits were ot\na high quality, with 215 articles shown.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 89\nThe demonstration booth in the Home Arts Building had Institute members from\nDenman Island, Point Grey, Hazelmere, and White Rock demonstrating rug-making\nweaving, quilting, and pillow lace. This proved a popular place, with a constant crowd\nof people showing interest in the work being done.\nA painted backdrop illustrating the other standing committee work of the Institutes\nwas a new feature.\nSpace was allotted in the new B.C. Building, and this gave a permanent spot for our\nB.C. quilt. This was made by Mrs. R. Partington, Cultural Activities convener, of quilt\nblocks sent in by each Institute. It was quilted by Langley Prairie and, when set up,\nprovided a drawing-point for interested visitors. Two glass cases on either side featured\nother types of Women's Institute handicrafts.\nFALL FAIRS AND FLOWER SHOWS\nThese were of the usual high standard throughout the Province and are an important\npart of Institute work. The Women's Institute section in the smaller fairs is gaining\nfavour, with special prizes offered.\nDISTRICT MEETINGS\nFifteen district meetings were held, with the president and secretary elected as\nfollows:\u2014\nApril 6th, Douglas District at Fort Langley: Mrs. D. McDougall, Fort Langley;\nMrs. S. Holding, R.R. 5, Langley Prairie.\nApril 7th, North Fraser at Pitt Meadows: Mrs. J. Decker, Pemberton; Mrs.\nj\u00a7 O. E. Leaf, Whonnock.\nApril 8th, Hopeline, South Fraser, at Abbotsford: Mrs. O. France, Chilliwack;\nMrs. R. Harrington, R.R. 1, Abbotsford.\nApril 9th, North Vancouver Island at Little Qualicum: Mrs. E. M. Smith,\nLazo, R.R. 1, Comox; Mrs. S. Godwin, R.R. 2, Courtenay. |g\u00a7\nApril 29th, North Thompson at Clearwater: Mrs. A. Stevens, Barriere; Mrs.\nB. Hansen, Little Fort.\nMay 1st, North Okanagan and Salmon Arm at Westwold: Mrs. H. Farmer,\nSalmon Arm; Mrs. H. L. Green, R.R. 2, Salmon Arm.\nMay 4th, South Okanagan and Similkameen at Penticton: Mrs. J. Bowen-\nColthurst, Penticton; Mrs. Gordon Ritchie, Summerland.\nMay 8th, Arrow Lakes at Edgewood: Mrs. J. T. Kirkpatrick, Needles; Mrs. J.\nLee, Arrow Park.\nMay 11th, East Kootenay at Cranbrook: Mrs. J. Payne, Wynndel; Mrs. K.\nMarshall, Windermere.\nMay 14th, West Kootenay at Robson: Mrs. T. Jenkin, R.R. 1, Nelson; Mrs.\nW. L. Wright, Robson. \u00a7\nJune 22nd, Bulkley-Tweedsmuir at Telkwa: Mrs. L. Saunders, Decker Lake;\nMrs. E. Dungate, Houston.\nJune 25th, Central Interior at Pine View, near Prince George: Mrs. M. McLaren, Pine View; Mrs. G. Snell, Vanderhoof.\nJune 26th, Cariboo at Alexandria: Mrs. K. Moffat, Kersley; Mrs. D. Robertson, Kersley.\nJune 28th, Peace River at Rolla: Mrs. J. Young, Rose Prairie; Mrs. Lyle\nBraden, Rolla.\nSeptember 23rd, South Vancouver Island at Brentwood: Mrs. E. H. Emery,\nColwood; Miss H. Leighton, Victoria.\nAll of these meetings, as well as a rally at Greenwood of Grand Forks, Main River,\nRock Creek, Carmi, and Greenwood, were attended by your Superintendent.\n _ on BRITISH COLUMBIA\nz yu\nIndividual visits were paid during the year to Bella Bella, Bella Coola, Englewood\nKla-Anch, Woss Lake, Colwood, Craigflower, Esquimalt, Cedar, Cobble Hill, Hapnv\nValley, Vinsulla (to organize), Deer Park, Parksville, Courtenay, Lazo (for the opening\nof their hall), Penticton, Sooke, Surrey (for their forty-fifth anniversary), Royai 0ak,\nLake Hill, and Victoria.\nOTHER MEETINGS ATTENDED\nThe yearly event for women from the United States and Canada, the Peace Arch\npicnic, was held in July, with 300 women present. Two meetings of interested groups and\norganizations in the interests of adult-education work were well worth while. Two meetings of the Home Arts Committee of the Pacific National Exhibition were concerned with\nplans for improving the standard of the displays in the Home Arts Building.\nRURAL HOUSING COMMITTEE\nNo meetings of the Rural Housing Committee have been held this year, but the last\nbooklet, \"Farm House Plans,\" will be ready for circulation early in the new year. The\nbooklet | Repairs to the Farm Home \" is practically out of print and in all probability will\nbe reprinted.\nWOMEN'S INSTITUTE HANDBOOK AND NEWS LETTER\nThe Handbook has been revised and brought up to date and another thousand copies\nprinted. This is the fourth edition of the Handbook. The new outline of standing committee work has been included, as outlined by the Provincial Board. A chapter giving\nsuggestions for District Boards has been added. This was previously sent out in mimeographed form but has proved so useful that it is being included in the Handbook.\nThe News Letter has been sent out for every month except July and August and has\nprovided a means of contacting the Institutes on important matters. Information has been\nsent regarding Institute projects, dental and health services, the dangers of botulism and\nwhere information can be obtained regarding it, letters from the Provincial president,\nsuggestions from Provincial conveners, and general information regarding current matters\nof interest to members.\nOUTSTANDING DEVELOPMENTS j\nThe encouragement and development of leadership among women in the rural areas\nis one of the outstanding contributions being made by the work of the Women's Institutes.\nThere is a decided improvement in the quality of the leadership shown, more especially\nin the Institutes which hold evening meetings, which bring in the younger women with\nfamilies. There is also a growing interest in international affairs following the meeting\nof the Associated Country Women of the World in Toronto last year. Each Institute\nmember is becoming increasingly aware of the fact that she is also a member of the international group. As a result, her interest in women of other lands has grown accordingly.\nCO-OPERATION AND SUPPORT APPRECIATED\nThe co-operation and support of the Minister of Agriculture, the Deputy Minister\nand the staff of the Department of Agriculture, the president and Provincial Board of the\nWomen's Institutes are much appreciated. Without their help and interest, this programme would not have been possible.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 z 91\nREPORT OF SOIL SURVEY BRANCH\nC. C. Kelley, B.S.A., Soil Surveyor\nDetailed soil surveys of parts of Delta and Richmond Municipalities, amounting to\n24,171 and 13,817 acres, were undertaken and completed in 1954. These localities\nlocated near Ladner and on Lulu Island in the Lower Fraser Valley, are under examination as irrigation and drainage proposals. J|\nMost of the work of drafting and editing for publication of the soil-map and report\ndescribing the soil resources of the Upper Kootenay and Elk River valleys has been completed by the Canada Department of Agriculture. ft\nThe reconnaissance soil survey of the Upper Columbia River valley was completed\nthis year with classification of about 16,000 acres. The soil-map area in this section of\nthe Rocky Mountain Trench extends from Canal Flats to Bluewater Creek, the latter\nbeing about 25 miles north of Golden. Total classification of soils in the mapped area\namounts to approximately 267,000 acres. m\nA start was made on a reconnaissance soil survey of the Kettle River valley. Classification was undertaken in the vicinity of Bridesville and Rock Creek, about 12,000 acres\nbeing surveyed in 1954.\nThe reconnaissance soil surveys in parts of the Columbia River drainage-basin have\nbeen undertaken at the request of the Department of Northern Affairs and National\nResources, which provides a grant of assistance. The primary purpose of the surveys is\nto determine the acreage of irrigation land and estimate the amount of water that should\nbe reserved from streams flowing into the United States. The water to be reserved is for\neventual development of the agriculture resource.\nMinor undertakings during the year included soil-conservation extension work, two\nmeetings of the Reclamation Committee, and development of a small laboratory for\nphysical examination and testing of soils. This Branch also co-operated with the Department of Mines in connection with a ground-water survey of the North Okanagan Valley.\nFive University students were employed as survey assistants during field work. One\nof these was assigned to assist the Experimental Farms Service soil-survey party, which\ncontinued field work in the Peace River area under the direction of L. Farstad.\nSOIL SURVEY OF DELTA MUNICIPALITY\nA detailed soil survey of 24,171 acres in Delta Municipality was undertaken and\ncompleted in the spring of 1954. The area was surveyed at the request of the Water\nRights Branch, Department of Lands and Forests, which has irrigation of the locality\nunder consideration. %\nThe main features of the parent material from which the soils are derived consist of\nsilt loam and silty clay loam fresh-water river deposits overlying marine sandy river\ndeposits. The marine sands are at the greatest depth along the north side, near the Fraser\nRiver, and they rise slowly toward the surface to the southward. In the vicinity of Point\nRoberts there is a comparatively large area of exposed sand, derived from marine erosion\nof the Point Roberts upland. This remnant of an earlier landscape is composed of a\nconsiderable thickness of stratified interglacial sands covered by a capping of glacial till.\nThe system of drainage consists of a grid of open ditches, which drain to the sea at\nlow tide. At other tide conditions the drainage-water is pumped over the dyke. The\nwater-table is low in summer, causing the lighter soils to dry to the point where crops are\naffected.\nGround-water conditions often consist of a fresh-water stratum floating on salt water\nin the underlying sand. When a well is pumped in such places, the fresh water is removed\nand the salt water domes up. If pumping is continued, the salt water will enter the well.\nThat is to say, in some sections the abundance of ground-water cannot be used for irri-\n 92 BRITISH COLUMBIA\ngation Where sand is at or near the surface in the vicinity of the dykes, considerable\nsalinity occurs in the ditch-water. An irrigation-water supply, to be pumped from the\nditch system, would have to come chiefly from the Fraser River.\nIn the latter part of the season a set of maps showing soil conditions in the area were\ndelivered to the Water Rights Branch. Provision has been made to hold a Reclamation\nCommittee meeting early in 1955 for the purpose of estimating the irrigation-water\nrequirements of the different soil types.\nSOIL SURVEY OF RICHMOND MUNICIPALITY\nIn the fall of 1954 a detailed soil survey was made of sections of Richmond Municipality still zoned for agriculture, the total area examined being 13,817 acres. This work\nwas done at the request of the Water Rights Branch, which also contributed to the cost\nof the survey. I| M\nWhile the geological structure of Lulu Island compares with the near-by Delta\nMunicipality, the texture of the fine material overlying sand is heavier and generally\ndeeper. The average texture of the upper 6 feet is silty clay loam, commonly surfaced by\nshallow muck. The muck indicates an original condition of saturation at the surface.\nThe sands beneath the fresh-water- silty clay loam deposit are regarded as marine,\nalthough they are also river deposits. That is to say, the original deposition of sand, silt,\nand clay below the high-tide level was sorted by action of the sea, leaving the sand to\nform a beach while the finer sediments were carried out to deep water.\nThe underlying sand is the key stratum in regard to the movement of the water-table.\nWater levels out in the sand, exerting a more or less even upward movement. Comparatively free movement into the silty clay loam above is afforded by frequent root channels\nand vertical cracking of the material when dry. The combination of sand below and\ncracked silty clay loam above permits the water-table to rise with a fair degree of freedom.\nAlthough peat-bog covers approximately one-third of Lulu Island and the entire\narea is subject to flooding in winter, it is rapidly becoming an urban locality at the expense\nof agriculture. Home-building is progressing in the form of ribbon development along\nestablished roads, thus rendering the farm land in the centre of each block ineffective.\nAs Vancouver expands, the whole island will be urbanized.\nSummer drought is not as severe as in the Delta Municipality; therefore, the most\nimportant problem of development is one of drainage. Apart from draining the land for\nagricultural purposes, the problem is complicated by the present system of septic-tank\nsewage-disposal in the urban areas. The effluent from the septic tanks drains into the\nditches, particularly at high water. As urbanization progresses, the ditches will become\nopen sewers and a menace to public health.\nA set of soil-maps of the surveyed section in Richmond Municipality is under\npreparation for delivery to the Water Rights Branch. This area will be included with the\nDelta Municipality for consideration by the Reclamation Committee early in 1955.\nSOIL SURVEY OF THE UPPER KOOTENAY AND\nELK RIVER VALLEYS\nThe Canada Department of Agriculture undertakes publication of our soil-survey\nmaps and reports, and contributes the editing and expense of publication. In this connection the soil-maps and report covering the Upper Kootenay and Elk River valleys\nhave been in the hands of the editor and publisher since April, 1954.\nAs of October the drafting of soil-maps for publication was reported to be 80 per\ncent completed. Editing of the report has been delayed. However, it is expected that the\nmaps and report will be published by July, 1955.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 z 93\nSOIL SURVEY OF THE UPPER COLUMBIA RIVER VALLEY\nThe soil and water-requirement survey of the Upper .Columbia River valley was\ncompleted in 1954. The classified area covers the floor of the Rocky Mountain Trench\nin the area between Canal Flats and Bluewater Creek, about 25 miles north of Golden\nThe over-all length of the map-area is about 130 miles, the main valley depression being\nfrom 2 to 10 miles wide. Soil classification this year amounted to about 16,015 acres, the\ntotal of the map-area being approximately 267,337 acres.\nTwenty-five soil types were found in this area, with farm-delivery requirements of\nirrigation-water that vary from 16 to 48 acre-inches per acre. Soil-maps and a soil-survey\nreport will be prepared in the winter of 1954-55, the purpose being to submit the material\nfor publication in the spring of 1955.\nA noteworthy feature not previously mentioned consists of a type of easily weathered\nbedrock whose silty, soil-forming product is distinctive as to colour, texture, and distribution. This is a silty clay-shale of Ordovician age known as the McKay Formation. It\nis exposed to weathering up-stream from Canal Flats in the Kootenay River valley, and\nto the north of Parsons in the Columbia River valley. Soils have been formed from this\nmaterial up-stream from Canal Flats and to the north of Spillimacheen, but not elsewhere.\nBut there is an extensive glacial-lake deposit composed chiefly of McKay material\nthat extends from Montana to the vicinity of Golden, at elevations up to 3,400 feet above\nsea-level. It lies in the form of a stratified bed from a few feet to 50 feet or more in\nthickness between the upper till (Wisconsin glaciation) and the lower till (pre-Wisconsin\nglaciation). It is exposed only on the sides of bluffs and ravines.\nDuring Wisconsin and pre-Wisconsin stages of glaciation, and more extensively\nbetween them, a glacial lake existed to the south of the American border with shore-lines\nup to 4,200 feet elevation. This was called Glacial Lake Missoula. It is here suggested\nthat Glacial Lake Missoula extended northward in the Rocky Mountain Trench soon\nafter recession of pre-Wisconsin ice, and that when this lake existed the drainage in the\nwhole mapped area was southward.\nj SOIL SURVEY OF THE KETTLE RIVER VALLEY.\nA reconnaissance soil and water-requirement survey of the Kettle River valley was\nstarted in the vicinity of Bridesville and Rock Creek in September, 1954. This job has\nbeen undertaken at the request of the Water Resources Division, Department of Northern\nAffairs and National Resources.\nThe primary purpose of the survey is to determine the acreage and quality of the\npotentially irrigable lands in the watershed of the Kettle River and estimate the amount\nof water that should be reserved for eventual development of the irrigation-land resource.\nThis information will be of value in connection with diversion of water by international\nagreement. The secondary purpose is publication of a soil-survey report containing a\nsoil-map, description of soil types, and general information as to the agricultural resources\nof the Kettle River valley.\nNo prior soil-survey work has been undertaken in the Kettle River valley; hence\nthe picture at the present time is limited to about 12,000 acres classified this year in the\ngeneral area from Bridesville to Rock Creek. More information will be gained in 1955.\nFrom present observation it would appear that to the east of the Okanagan Valley\nthe soil survey is moving into a region of igneous rocks containing scattered remnants or\npods of limestone. In moving from north to south over this terrain the glaciers produced\na spread of lime-free till, spotted with small areas of limy till. This material was delivered\ninto the Kettle River and tributary valleys of east-west direction, and in part sorted into\ngravels, sands, and silts. |j\nThe soils derived from these deposits are calcareous where lime occurs, but chiefly\nnon-calcareous. There is a calcareous Black soil and two non-calcareous Black types.\n J Q, BRITISH COLUMBIA\nZi \"4\nThe latter are prairie soils not previously encountered in British Columbia, one bein*\nwell-drained Black and the other a deep Black soil found in depressions. b\nIn limy parent materials, Grey Wooded soils would occur in the forest bordering the\nBlack soils, due probably to slowing of the genetic process by a neutral reaction during\ndownward displacement of lime. In the absence of sufficient lime, however, the Grey\nWooded stage is by-passed, the more or less direct result being development of Brown\nPodzolic soils.\nSOIL CONSERVATION\nIn a year of declining farm prices for farm products, soil-conservation practices\nbecame increasingly important to growers of the Okanagan and South Thompson Valleys.\nMany growers found that these practices lowered production costs, and, as a result, they\nwere in a better position to survive a period of falling prices.\nThe practical application of soil conservation in this area falls into three categories*\nthat is, drainage, irrigation, and soil-testing. The following is an outline of the work\ncarried out in these fields in 1954.\nDrainage\nIncreasing awareness of the value of land improvement by means of drainage is\nevident in the Okanagan and South Thompson Valleys. Although the cost of reclamation\nof poorly drained land may range from $50 to $250 per acre, the investment in a well-\nplanned drainage system pays for itself by raising the value and the productive capacity\nof the land.\nThe grower generally lacks the specialized knowledge required to solve drainage\nproblems. In this regard he needs advisory assistance for reasonable assurance that\ninvestment in drainage will be profitable.\nAdvisory assistance in planning drainage resulted in 102 visits to farms in the\nOkanagan and South Thompson Valleys. Data from these investigations were used to\nprepare plans for 15,512 feet of drain. About 74 per cent of the drainage-works planned\nwere installed. The remainder will be built when the growers are financially able to do so.\nSixty-two acres have shown improvement from drains installed in the area this year.\nSeventy-two per cent of the land so improved is being used for beef- and dairy-cattle production. This is significant because in previous years the greatest demand for advisory\nservice was in connection with orchard drainage.\nOn July 7th, at the request of the Regional Supervisor of the \" Veterans' Land Act,\"\na field-day was held to demonstrate drainage-extension methods. It was attended by the\nI Veterans' Land Act\" field staff, who were shown the results obtained from drained land\nused for dairying.\nH Irrigation\nAlthough the trend toward sprinkler irrigation continued, there was some decline\nover 1953 in the number of new systems installed. The situation is partly due to caution\nin view of the decline in the prices of farm products.\nAdvisory assistance was given in planning sprinkler irrigation systems for a total of\n205 acres. Sixty-eight per cent of this area is utilized for orchard and vegetable crops,\nthe remainder being for beef and dairy cattle. Other advisory assistance was chiefly\nconcerned with ways and means of improving the efficiency of existing irrigation systems.\nMany growers have difficulty in arranging irrigation schedules to suit their soil and\ncropping conditions. If irrigation-water is not applied often enough, the crop suffers from\ndrought. If irrigation is too frequent, the crop yield is depressed, f\nDemonstration work with a soil-moisture meter was started this year to assist growers\nin arranging better irrigation schedules. Frequent soil-moisture measurements were\nundertaken on three soil types under three kinds of cropping in the Kelowna locality. The\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 95\nresults indicate that an increase of yield can be expected when irrigation schedules are\narranged on a scientific basis.\nRequests for advisory assistance with various irrigation problems accounted for\ntwenty-nine visits to growers, in addition to the foregoing demonstration work. Irrigation\nlectures were held as part of the spring short courses at Edgewater and Jaffray in the East\nKootenay District. A similar lecture was given for Kelowna tomato-growers at the request\nof the British Columbia Interior Vegetable Marketing Board.\nSOIL-TESTING\nThe purpose of soil-testing is to evaluate soil problems and determine what amendments may be necessary. That is to say, if a soil is excessively alkaline, no benefit can\nbe derived from fertilizers until the alkaline condition is rectified. Whenever possible,\nrecommendations as to soil amendments were based on field observations in addition to\nthe evidence of the soil test. ||\nA total of 396 soil samples were tested for reaction and neutral salts. About 7 per\ncent were strongly alkaline, requiring the application of gypsum. About 3 per cent had\nan acid reaction, in some cases strong enough to require liming. About 8 per cent of the\nsamples indicated a harmful accumulation of neutral salts. The cause of salty conditions is\ngenerally seepage and evaporation, requiring drainage as part of the corrective procedure.\nRECLAMATION COMMITTEE\nTwo meetings of the Reclamation Committee were held in 1954, the first of which\nwas on April 22nd at Kamloops. This meeting was held to consider high- and low-\npressure irrigation schemes for the reconstruction of the British Columbia Fruitlands\nIrrigation District.\nThis district started to function as a private enterprise in 1911. Subsequent reorganization and the handing of control from one new company to another resulted in slow\ndeterioration of the irrigation-works, until they became practically inoperative in 1947.\nAt this time the people occupying the land were forced to apply for government aid to get\ninterim control of the works, thus assuring some form of water-supply until conditions\ncan be improved.\nEstimates as to the cost of high- and low-pressure irrigation systems were placed\nbefore the Committee. Details and recommendations were reported in Proceedings of the\nReclamation Committee, Brief 28, June, 1954, Department of Agriculture, Kelowna, B.C.\nThe second Committee meeting was held from September 21st to 24th in the Upper\nColumbia River valley to estimate irrigation-water requirements of the classified soils.\nAn additional job at the time was to make recommendations in regard to the rehabilitation of the Vermilion and Westside Irrigation Districts near Edgewater and Invermere.\nThe estimation of irrigation-water requirements of classified soils in this area is\nrelated to the reservation of water in the watersheds of streams entering the United States.\nA report on this meeting is given in Reclamation Committee Brief 29.\nFollowing Commitee recommendations, a small laboratory was organized at the\nKelowna office in 1954. Apparatus was set up to check Committee estimates as to\nirrigation-water requirements of classified soils. Further recommendations have led to\nthe selection of two irrigation plots located on widely differing soil types for the purpose\nof finding the irrigation-water requirements of different crops. This job will be undertaken in the East Kootenay District in 1955 by the Experimental Station, Lethbridge,\nAlta. In 1954 the Canadian Department of Agriculture supported a research undertaking by the Professor of Soils, University of British Columbia, following a recommendation of the Committee. The purpose, carried out in the East Kootenay District, is to\nfind the difference of irrigation-water use due to climatic distinctions in a range of soil-\ntexture profiles. This research may be continued in 1955.\n \u201e n. BRITISH COLUMBIA\nZ 96\nGROUND-WATER SURVEY\nUnder an agreement between the Departments of Mines and Agriculture, geologists\nof the Department of Mines and the Geological Survey of Canada may undertake groundwater surveys in agricultural settlements, the order of choice being defined by the Department of Agriculture. |\nIn 1954 H. Nasmith, Department of Mines, started a ground-water survey to the\nnorth of Kelowna in the Okanagan Valley. A report covering this work will be issued\nby the Department of Mines. During the year, geologists of the Geological Survey of\nCanada paid visits to the soil-survey field parties for the purpose of identifying the\ngeological nature of soil-forming deposits.\nREPORT OF SOIL SURVEY ACTIVITIES IN THE\nPEACE RIVER DISTRICT, 1954\n(L. Farstad, Senior Pedologist, Experimental Farms Service)\nDuring the 1954 field season a soil survey was made of a portion of the foothill\nregion in the Peace River area. The area covered extends from Moberly Lake on the\nsouth to the Halfway River on the north. The area surveyed is located in Townships\n78 to 85, inclusive, within Ranges 23 to 25, west of the 6th meridian. In addition, the\nisolated valley of Lone Pine was also surveyed. The reconnaissance map of the area\nrepresents about twenty townships or approximately 400,000 acres.\nThe general topography of the area is undulating to gently sloping and rolling,\nespecially in the plain and plateau portions. However, there is considerable acreage,\nrough, broken, and hilly, in the morainic uplands and foothills sections.\nClimate\nThe Peace River area has a continental climate characterized by wide variations in\ntemperature both in winter and summer. The average annual precipitation is 15.83\ninches at Hudson Hope and 15.72 inches at Fort St. John. The average annual temperature for the foot-hills region is 34\u00b0 F. at Hudson Hope and 35\u00b0 at Fort St. John in the\ncentral portion.\nThe length of the growing season over the greater part of the area is of sufficient\nduration for the maturing of all common agricultural crops adapted to this section of the\ncountry. A study of some of the factors affecting plant growth are presented in the\nfollowing table:\u2014 jjj HudsonHope Fort St. John\nMean annual temperature 34\u00b0 F. 35\u00b0 F.\nAnnual precipitation 15.83 in. 15.72 in.\nAverage annual snowfall 50.00 in. 58.90 in.\nPrecipitation in frost-free period 9.20 in. 10.20 in.\nLength of growing season 157 days 165 days\nFrost-free period 68 days 106 days\nFirst day of growing season1 Apr. 30 Apr. 26 f|\nLast day of growing season Oct. 4 Oct. 8\nLast frost in spring June 15 May 24\nFirst frost in fall Aug. 22 Sept. 7\n1 The growing season is regarded as the period in which the mean temperature is at or above 43\u00b0 F.\nVegetation\nForests cover the greater part of the area surveyed and consist principally of mixed\nconiferous and deciduous species. The forest consists of a variety of trees and shrubs.\nThe most common deciduous trees are poplar, cottonwood, birch, alder, and willows,\nwhile the principal coniferous species are spruce, pine, and larch.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 97\nLumbering in this part of the Province is confined to certain localities because\ndepletion of merchantable lumber by forest fires has been heavy. The vegetation on\nlow-lying, poorly drained areas varies from grasses and willows to sphagnum mosses.\nfr Water-supply\nIn August, 1950, Dr. W. H. Mathews investigated the practicability of obtaining\nground-water adequate for domestic requirements and for live stock in the Peace River\narea. His conclusions, summarized briefly, state that suitable supplies of ground-water\nare available at depths of less than 100 feet in the area under review.\nSoils\nThe entire land surface has been overrun by one or more glaciations of Rocky Mountain origin, with the result that a thick deposit of limy glacial materials now covers it.\nThe soils have developed from this glacial drift. Climatic and other influences acting\non these materials have been somewhat more severe than in the eastern part of the\nPeace Block, with the result that more leaching has occurred. The principal glacial\nmaterials are lacustrine, glacial till, and alluvial sediments.\nThe soils of lacustrine origin, covering by far the greatest part of the area, are stone-\nfree and range in texture from sandy loam to silt loam. The silt loam soils have the\nwidest agricultural adaptation. The nutrient status and moisture-holding capacity of\nthese soils are good. Heavy forest-cover and inaccessibility accounts for their lack of\ndevelopment.\nThe soils developed from glacial till occur in the rough moraine-like area in the\nvicinity of Moberly Lake, Lone Prairie, and Pine Valley. 1 The chief limitations in the\nuse of these upland till soils are stoniness and adverse topography.\nThe soils of alluvial origin have developed on terraces. They are stone-free and\nrange in texture from silty clay to very fine sandy loam. These soils have the widest\nagricultural adaptation in the area. Their nutrient status is somewhat better than the\nupland soils, and they are generally accessible by roads.\nThe soils occurring on kames, eskers, and fluviatile deposits are very poor agricultural\nsoils. Low moisture-holding capacity, excessive drainage, low nutrient status, and\nadverse topography combine to make these gravelly soils extremely hazardous for farming\npurposes. f|\nPeat soils are organic soils 12 inches or more in depth. The structural range is\nfrom floating bog to the deep sphagnum moss type. These soils are not suitable for\nagricultural use. |\u00a7\nApproximately 95 per cent of the area surveyed during the year is forested and\ninaccessible. The low rating of many soil areas, the high cost of clearing, and the need\nof roads and other services suggest that settlement in this region should be carefully\nsupervised.\nREPORT OF AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AND\nEXTENSION BRANCH\nG. L. Landon, B.S.A., P.Ag., Director\nThe year 1954 will go down in the records as one of the wettest in the history of\nBritish Columbia. Such unfavourable weather conditions presented many problems to\nfarmers in all sections of the Province, irrespective of the type of production. \u00a7\nThe assistance of the District Agriculturist, the key man in Extension and the public\nrelations representative of the Department in his district, was requested to a greater extent\nthan in any previous year.\n7\n z 9g BRITISH COLUMBIA\nEXTENSION ACTIVITIES\nThree regional conferences were held during the year\u2014one in Victoria in October\nfor the Lower Mainland and Vancouver Island staff, one at Kamloops in November for\nthe Southern Interior staff, and one at Prince George in November for the Central British\nColumbia and Peace River staff. They were excellent meetings, and many problems of\nextension were discussed. A number of recommendations were made for the consideration of the officials at headquarters.\nOne of the features of these conferences was the discussion on planned programmes\nfor each District Agriculturist, along similar lines to methods used in some areas in the\nUnited States. The possibility of setting up a planning committee in each district was\ndiscussed and is being investigated.\nCoupled with the regional conferences were meetings of the Coordinating Committees held at Kamloops and Prince George in November. Meetings were also held at\nVanderhoof in August and at Saanichton, etc. These meetings are attended by British\nColumbia Department of Agriculture staff, Canada Department of Agriculture staff,\nV.L.A. staff, and others, and are invaluable in co-ordinating the efforts of agrologists in\nthe Province.\nAll divisions of the Branch had a very busy year, and each division co-operated to\nthe fullest extent in carrying the programmes of the Department to the farmer.\nMembership in 4-H Clubs continues to increase each year, with new projects being\nadded. In some districts the volume of work on 4-H Club projects is tremendous and\ninvolves a problem for the District Agriculturist, who has so many other projects to look\nafter. It is our hope that a planned programme for each district will alleviate this\nproblem. 4-H Clubs are a vital factor in the agricultural economy of the Province, and\nit is anticipated the 4-H Club projects will be incorporated more and more into our\nExtension programme.\nMore and more emphasis is being placed on the economics of farming, and the\nExtension staffs have given considerable thought to an economic unit for a dairy-farm,\nmixed farm, beef-cattle enterprise, etc., for areas in various sections of the Province.\nThis is vital to successful farming to-day, with lower prices for agricultural commodities\nand higher costs of production.\nLand-clearing operations continued to take up a great deal of time of the District\nAgriculturist in the areas where the equipment operated. A summary is presented later\non in this report.\nThe Extension Agricultural Engineering Division was very busy during the year,\nand their activities are outlined in this report later on.\nIndividual reports have been submitted by all district officials. These contain a\nwealth of valuable detailed information, and are on file in the Department for reference.\nCENTRAL BRITISH COLUMBIA, NORTH CARIBOO, f|\nAND PEACE RIVER REGION ||\n(Report by S. G. Preston, P.Ag., Supervising Agriculturist)\nForage-crops, cereal-crops, and seed production were affected in these areas by tie\nadverse weather conditions and economic conditions. Details as to yields and quality\nwill be included in the report of the Field Crops Branch.\nThere was a marked trend toward greater use of silage.\nThere was a definite increase in milk production in Central British Columbia.\nHigher hog production was experienced in the Peace River area. Estimates indicate\n30,000 hogs marketed from that area.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 99\nExtension Activities\nDuring the season several District Agriculturists attended conventions, fairs, or gave\nassistance outside Central and Northern British Columbia. The experience and widening\nof views obtained through these outside contacts are of considerable value to the individual\nconcerned. In addition, visiting officials often provide the extra emphasis necessary to\nputting across plans and programmes. |p|\nProgress Activities\nCattle Sales.\u2014Assistance was given at the Quesnel cattle sale by Agriculturists\nTarves, Walsh, and Preston, and at the Fort St. John sale by Agriculturists Johnson,\nBrown, and Preston.\nDairy Promotion.\u2014All Agriculturists have been active in this work. Problems were\nparticularly acute in the Bulkley and Nechako Valleys and the Prince George district.\nAs a consequence, our officials were called upon to assist with organization, Milk Board\nhearings, and meetings with producers at Prince George and Vanderhoof.\nReorganization of the Bulkley Valley Dairymen's Association and plans for future\nexpansion were aided materially by Mr. Jameson.\nAdvice was given during the season on matters of buildings, prices, grades, health\nof stock, etc.\nSome exchange of assistance occurred between districts. This could be done to\na greater extent.\nOther projects receiving particular attention this season follow.\nStorage and Harvesting of Forage-crops.\u2014District Agriculturists in Central British\nColumbia gave particular assistance in this regard, and, as a consequence, several\nthousand tons of silage have been stored satisfactorily.\nDisease-free Area.\u2014Mr. Zacharias worked with the Northern Interior Dairymen's\nAssociation toward obtaining a petition for a disease-free area from Cluculz Lake to the\nAlberta boundary. A good deal of the effort was directed toward informing stockmen\nof the regulations and advantages and disadvantages that may accrue.\nFall Fairs.\u2014All district men and the writer took part in local fall fairs as well as\nbeing represented at the Pacific National Exhibition. G. A. Luyat acted as official judge\nfor the Peace River fairs.\nVegetable Production\u2014Grading and Packaging.\u2014In the western district Mr. Jameson has worked with marketing agents at Houston and Terrace. Their method of grading\nand marketing is working out in an excellent manner. In the Prince George district\nMr. Zacharias has spent a good deal of time on farms and through garden clubs in\nexplaining and promoting grading, packaging, and marketing.\nInspections.\u2014At the wholesale centre of Prince George a demand has arisen for\ndestination inspections, from time to time, on fruits and vegetables. This has been done\nby Mr. Zacharias and the writer, with apparently complete satisfaction to shippers and\nwholesalers. While no retail inspections have been carried out, this may be necessary\nif grades and quality offered appear to be injuring trade.\nFarmers' Institutes.\u2014District Agriculturists attended conventions in their areas.\nThe Honourable W. K. Kiernan, Minister of Agriculture, attended the convention in the\nPeace River in 1953 and those in Central British Columbia in 1954. Only a few Farmers'\nInstitutes provide a definite service to their community. From an Extension view-point,\nthe McBride Farmers' Institute is outstanding and in a lesser capacity the Kitsumkalum\nFarmers' Institute at Terrace. Institute meetings held in areas at a time Messrs. Jameson\nand Zacharias make their regular trips provide a means of contacting the maximum\nnumber of farmers. I .\nCo-ordinating Meetings on Agriculture.\u2014The Co-ordinating Committees on Agriculture in Central British Columbia and the Peace River are outstanding examples of\n 0 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nsuccessful efforts to integrate activities of Federal and Provincial Departments of Agri\nculture, V.L.A., and Lands Department. All District Agriculturists have given fall\nco-operation and contributed to the value of the Committees. Summer sessions of the\nCo-ordinating Committees were held at Vanderhoof (Central British Columbia) and\nBeaverlodge (Peace River).\nRegional Meeting.\u2014With senior staff changes in view, no regional meeting was held\nin the spring. However, Mr. Landon, Director of Extension, attended a two-day\nconference at Prince George on November 25th and 26th.\nIn the afternoon of November 26th the group met at the Experimental Station,\nwhere Mr. Burns, Superintendent, and his staff explained plans they had in view. Also\ndiscussed were problems of mutual interest, such as increased sizes of farm units,\nfinancing of land-clearing, and marketing.\nVANCOUVER ISLAND AND LOWER MAINLAND REGION\n(Report by J. S. Allin, P.Ag., Supervising Agriculturist)\nMr. Allin reports a greatly increased interest in silage production, grassland programmes, forages and pastures, and in diversification of farm enterprises. A considerably\ngreater volume of milk was produced in this area.\nOut of a total of 3,927 farm visits made by the seven District Agriculturists in this\nregion from January 1st to October 31st, approximately 40 per cent were made for the\nprimary purpose of discussing some aspect of dairy production.\nEfficient production combined with diversification is being emphasized in this area,\nincluding recommendations on fertilizers and manure, higher-yielding crop varieties,\nbetter cultural methods, better cows and sires, better harvesting methods, and better\nfeeding and management.\nSilage Production jjj\nThe production of high-quality silage was considered of major importance to the\nfarmer trying to lower unit cost of production.\nIn one district of the Lower Mainland a survey of twenty-six farms was made for the\npurpose of compiling information which would show the farmer the value of high-quality\nsilage and the methods of ensiling which have an influence on this quality. Each farm\nwas visited at silage-making time, and data were secured on such items as time of cutting,\nstage of growth at cutting-time, type of silo, machinery employed and preservative used,\nmethod of packing, and all other variations of methods having a bearing on quality.\nAt feeding-out time, samples were taken to determine protein and moisture content,\npH, appearance, palatability, etc. This work is not yet complete and will be continued\nfor at least another year. By this means we hope to correlate methods of ensiling with\nquality of silage and subsequent feed rations and requirements for economic milk\nproduction.\nGrassland Clubs, Forage and Pastures \u00a7f\nNine Grassland Clubs operated, with a total membership of approximately 300.\nShort courses were arranged during the winter and early spring, also tours, field-days,\nand panel discussions. Fifty meetings with an attendance of 819 persons, ten field-\ndays with 907 farmers present, and over 1,000 farm visits were made in connection with\nforage-crops and pastures.\nProgramme Planning\nDistrict Agriculturists met in Victoria for a three-day conference in October to deal\nwith Extension problems. Full discussions were held on topics such as 4-H Club work\nand organization, Extension methods, production and marketing problems, and integration of activities between branches.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954\nZ 101\nFIGURE I--Division of Farm Visits by Sub.j e ct\nForage\nCrop\nDairying\nLivestock\nPoultry\nHorticultur\n4~H Club\nField\nSoils &\nFertilizers\nEngineering\nGeneral\nFIGURE II--Division of Office Visits by Subject\nDairying\nLivestock\nPoultry\nHorticulture\nForage\nCrops\nField\nrops\nSoils &\nertilizers\nAg.\nEngineering\nGeneral\n4-H Clubs\n BRITISH COLUMBIA\nThe theme of the conference was | Programme Planning,\" in which a County\nAgricultural Extension Agent from the State of Washington assisted greatly. A new\nunderstanding of the mechanics of developing an agricultural programme for a specific\ndistrict was realized, based on the farm problems which the farmers must appreciate and\non which they request assistance. A programme or plan of action is then outlined\nshowing details of what is to be done to correct the situation. One essential feature is to\nprovide the means whereby farmer representation in the form of a programme-planning\ncommittee assists in developing the programme and further assists in carrying out\nactivities designed to improve the situation.\nThe whole programme depends upon farmer participation and opens up a new field\nof duties or responsibility for the Extension worker.\nREPORT FOR SOUTH CARIBOO, KAMLOOPS, SHUSWAP, NORTH\nOKANAGAN, KOOTENAY, AND BOUNDARY DISTRICTS\n(Report by G. A. Luyat, P.Ag., Supervising Agriculturist)\nA greatly increased interest in the green pastures and silage programme is reported.\nThis is apparent in the South Cariboo, Shuswap, North Okanagan, and Boundary Districts.\nGood legume-grass silage appears to be an answer to many nutritional problems\nprevalent in the range country. An adequate supply of good silage would, in considerable\npart, replace the present hay-grain feeding programme. Rations would not be balanced\nfor calves or yearlings, but only a relatively small amount of concentrate would be\nrequired. The effect would be to reduce fixed costs of efficient ranch operation, assuming\nthe total cost of the silage to be less than the combined costs of hay and supplement.\nSome saving might also be made in machinery and labour costs.\nThe Extension staff have been a major force in advertising and selling, and in\nproviding technical assistance to establish and maintain improved pastures.\nIt would be reasonable to assume that at least half of the 15-per-cent increase in\nmilk production in the Shuswap area is attributable to these improved pastures.\nSeveral hundred farm visits were made to advise on fertilizers, management, rotation,\nand irrigation, etc., and to score pastures in the Grassland Clubs.\nIn the Creston district three pasture mixtures were demonstrated at Canyon,\nnamely:\u2014\nPlot 1: Brome, 8 pounds; orchard, 8 pounds; Ladino, 1 pound.\nPlot 2: Brome, 6 pounds; orchard, 8 pounds; Alta fescue, 4 pounds; Ladino,\n1 pound.\nPlot 3: Orchard, 18 pounds; Ladino, 1 pound.\nPasture cages were used for sampling, and three clippings taken in the establishment\nyear. Only green weights were recorded. These were: Plot 1, 13.158 tons per acre;\nPlot 2, 10.946 tons per acre; Plot 3, 15.887 tons per acre.\nOne pound of Ladino supplied sufficient legume. Orchard-grass predominated\nin all mixtures.\nIrrigated Pastures\nClose on to 2,000 acres of high-producing pastures were in operation during the\npasture season of this year. In order to pick out the I Grassman of the Year,\" also to\nestablish an accurate picture of the development and to advise each pasture operator on\nmanagement, 300 pastures were scored by the District Agriculturists and the Field Crops\nBranch. Each district official selected his ten best pastures. Finally judging was undertaken by a panel of three. The awards for the five best pastures in the Kamloops,\nSalmon Arm, and North Okanagan areas went to the following:\u2014\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 103\nName and Address\nScore\nA. F. Hubner, Vernon (\"Grassman of the Year\") 124.5\nRay Lidstone, Lumby . 220\nBX Ranch, Vernon 119 5\nIvan Wright, Silver Creek 1 U9\nRusty Freeze, Hay ward's Corner. Hg\nAll operators were highly pleased with the results of their first experience in heavy\nyields of grass, which in most cases supported 3 head of cows to the acre and a surplus\nduring the flush season for silage-making.\nRanges in the beef areas of the Interior showed a marked improvement over those\nof other years due to the high availability of moisture throughout the season. In the\nCariboo it is likely that winter rustling will be plentiful because so many hay meadows\nhave only been partially harvested. This system of partly wintering cattle can cut down\ncosts of production tremendously where pot-holes or smaller uncut meadows are\nnumerous, as heavy snows do not generally occur until early January.\nNutrition\nAnimal nutrition was a major problem in many areas during the year, particularly\nin the South Cariboo and other Interior areas. Jj|jjL\nThe Extension workers have campaigned actively for several years to promote\nbetter live-stock nutrition. They are called upon to suggest feeding methods and rations\nwhere low-grade swamp hay, etc., is the only roughage available and work out suitable\nrations for pregnant cows and ewes, using grass and legume silage. Emergency feeding\nwas discussed fully at regional meetings and at meetings with live-stock associations.\nProspects for adequate supplies of roughage improved greatly during October and\nNovember.\nAGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING DIVISION\n(George L. Calver, Extension Agricultural Engineer)\nThe extremely wet summer season encountered this year interfered with some\nproposed field work and forced the cancellation of other portions. Changes in staff,\nwith resultant time-loss, made it necessary to eliminate some of the work which had\nbeen planned. In mid-June A. D. McMechan resigned from the Division to take\na position with the Canada Department of Agriculture. The position was filled in\nAugust by K. E. May.\nNew work has also been added in that the writer has been named Engineer in\nCharge of Land-clearing. Time has been devoted to the operation of and familiarization\nwith this programme. Trial work has been conducted for the ultimate improvement\nof clearing operations. The work which has been accomplished will be discussed under\nthe main headings of \"Farm Machinery,\" \"Farm Structures,\" and \"Soil and Water.\"\nFarm Machinery\nSeven machinery field-days were held this year. A \" first\" this year was a combine-\nadjustment field-day organized by the local District Agriculturist in the Armstrong area.\nAlthough the crop was not quite ready to harvest, it was possible to demonstrate\nadjustments and a very successful day was held.\nThree field-days dealing with silage-harvesting were held in conjunction with staff\nfrom the Canada Department of Agriculture, branches of the Provincial Department, and\nlocal agricultural groups. Other farm-machinery field work carried out during the year\ndealt with individual farm visits, together with special projects of a demonstration nature\nwhich will be listed below.\n 104 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nA mimeographed circular entitled \" Silage Harvesting Costs\u2014a Comparison of the\nCosts Involved in Making Various Tonnages of Grass Silage Using Several Different\nMachinery Combinations on Some Farms in British Columbia\" was published. This\ninformation served as the basis for talks presented to farm groups at five Vancouver\nIsland locations and was also presented to members of the British Columbia Agronomists'\nAssociation at their annual conference. Lack of man-power made it necessary to defer\nfurther study of this work until the coming year.\nDemonstration Projects\nThe first project to be reported is a deep-tillage trial carried out on two of the\nheavier-soil groups in the Duncan area. This trial was carried out jointly by the Field\nCrops Branch, the Agricultural Engineering Division, and the District Agriculturist for\nthe Duncan area. The Agricultural Engineering Division was in charge of equipment\nand the actual operation. Records of production were supplied by the Field Crops\nBranch, with the District Agriculturist carrying out local arrangements regarding field\nlocation, crop-harvesting, etc. To date our results would indicate that on an extremely\nheavy soil deep tillage may have some merit if the costs can be reduced somewhat and\nif the operation will give beneficial effects for a number of years. Investigation should\nbe continued to determine whether or not there are less expensive methods and equipment\nfor carrying out this operation.\nThe second field demonstration is basically a tillage trial to demonstrate the minimum requirements for good seed-bed preparation. This project is once again being\ncarried out jointly by the Field Crops Branch, the Agricultural Engineering Division, and\nthe local District Agriculturist. This is a pilot type of project, carried out to determine\nwhether or not it is possible to demonstrate good tillage by certain methods. The work\nwill be duplicated over a period of three years in order that different weather conditions\ncan be taken into consideration when assessing various methods of seed-bed preparation.\nFarmers in the Upper Clearwater area were given assistance in harvesting white-\nclover seed. This project was designed not only to assist with the actual mechanical\nharvesting of the crop, but to obtain reasonably accurate information on crop production\nso as to assess the possibilities of this crop for improvement of farm income. Mr. May\ncarried out this project and is reporting in detail to the farm operators concerned. Low\nyields, together with difficult harvesting and weed-seed separation, make this crop of\ndoubtful value.\nFarm Structures\nThe number of plans supplied through our plan service this year dropped by 100\nfrom our record of 1,150 of last year. The fairly steady demand for farm-building plans\nindicates a general tendency on the part of the farmers to provide better housing for their\nfarm enterprises. Last year it was reported that the National Advisory Committee on\nAgricultural Engineering was publishing plans for most of the buildings required on a\nfarm. The catalogue and plans for beef-housing have been completed and are now\navailable for distribution. Work is progressing on all of the other groups of plans, and\nsome of these should be obtainable in the coming year. It is hoped that the group\ncovering fruit- and vegetable-storage buildings will be available in 1955, and that all of\nthese plans will receive their first printing by 1956.\nDuring the past year we found it necessary to make some slight revisions to our\npoultry-house plan for northern areas. New plans drawn and made possible for distribution include a concrete liquid-manure tank to meet the demand of many of our dairy-\nfarmers who are becoming more conservation-minded, and a plan for a thirty-cow\npole-type shelter. Plans and the general programme in farm structures are also affected\nby the emphasis being placed on silage production. Our circular on trench silos was\nrevised to provide more information on the construction of the bunker silo, which is\nbasically a trench silo built above ground, and to show alternate methods of construction.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 105\nSome portable silo wall sections were designed to be used in the construction of\nstacks of ensilage. The Canada Range Experimental Station at Kamloops had two pairs\nof these forms constructed according to our plan. Their reports indicate that this type\nof structure should be used by anyone planning to put up stack ensilage, especially if\nmore than one stack is to be built. The drawing is now available for distribution.\nNo field-days were held this year dealing primarily with farm structures. However,\nthe subject was fitted into three field-days when farm fencing was discussed, and dairy\nbuildings came in for a full discussion at a dairy-cattle barn meet. Approximately forty\nindividual farm visits were made regarding farm structures, and, in addition, seventy-five\nletters of inquiry were answered, exclusive of inquiries met by supplying plans from stock.\nThe services of Len Staley, lecturer at the University of British Columbia in\nagricultural engineering, have been obtained to draw plans for certain specific structures.\nSoil and Water\nA definite shift of interest is noted in the type of problem encountered in the field\nof soil and water. The requests for assistance with irrigation problems showed a marked\ndecrease. On the other hand, the increased work regarding land-clearing did mean that\nas many actual farm visits were made and a large number of inquiries were answered.\nDrainage\nField visits for drainage purposes were made to twenty-six farms. Seven farm\nsurveys were made and detailed plans drawn up. In several cases the actual tiles have\nbeen installed and, according to reports, have functioned very successfully. In addition\nto these individual farm visits, two tours were made in the Pitt Meadows-Hatzic Lake\nareas. On these tours special note was made of the ground-water levels in relation to\nsurface levels to determine the basic cause of poor drainage. The information obtained\nhas assisted the District Agriculturist in his programme of promoting better drainage\nthrough lower main-ditch water-levels.\nTwo field-days were held to demonstrate the use of ditching dynamite for drainage.\nThese field-days not only demonstrate the actual methods of blasting a ditch, but also\nstress safe handling of explosives. m \u25a0\nOther work included drainage survey and report requested by the Deputy Minister\nand some preliminary work on a fairly large drainage problem on Southern Vancouver\nIsland. p;\nWater Storage\nAssistance was given on five water-storage projects. Visits were made to several\nfarms to consider possible storage locations. In many cases the soil type encountered\nmade these potential reservoir-sites unsuitable. Several requests have been received for\nadvice from areas where water storage is desired primarily for domestic purposes.\nIrrigation\nField visits were considerably reduced. However, the staff designed irrigation\nsystems for twenty-four farms, or a total of 635 acres. Of this total, 100 acres was laid\nout primarily for ditch and rill type of irrigation. In addition to the work already completed, survey work has been done on approximately 200 acres, and systems will be\ndesigned during the winter.\nFour field-days were held dealing primarily with irrigation. At most of these field-\ndays the relative merits of sprinkler and furrow irrigation were discussed, together with\nsome of the basic information regarding irrigation practices and equipment which could\nbe used. Two separate reports were prepared\u2014the first a report on the potential for\nsprinkler irrigation in British Columbia and the second a report on the expected irrigation,\n Z 106\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\ndrainage and clearing costs to be encountered on the proposed Haney gaol-site. This\nlatter report was prepared jointly by the Field Crops Branch and this Division.\nConservation\nThe field demonstration work carried out last year by constructing two terraces in\nthe Rock Creek area was followed up this year. A field-day was held to show the terraces\nafter they had undergone a year's settling and had been seeded down to a grass-crop\nand also to point out the strip-cropping work which had been undertaken in conjunction\nwith terrace construction. Many of the farmers in the general area consider erosion\na vital problem, and terraces have been laid out for two more farmers. If no set-backs\nare encountered and it is possible to demonstrate more efficient methods of construction\nof terraces on the exceedingly steep slopes, it is believed that this programme will be used\nextensively.\n4-H CLUB DIVISION\n(Miss Echo Lidster, P.Ag., Supervisor)\nFollowing is a table indicating the 4-H Club enrolment for British Columbia this\nyear:\u2014\nEnrolment\nProject\nClubs\nMembers\n1953\n1954\n1953\n1954\nBeef Calf \t\n18\n15\n7\n45\n13\n5 1\n5\n15\n1\n3\n6\n4\n20\n20\n13\n11\n55\n14\n6\n2\n1\n4\n20\n1\n5\n1\n6\n3\n17\n222\n191\n64\n719\n170\n62\n57\n149\n12\n35\n47\n45\n148\n209\nClothing \t\n178\nDairv Calf \t\n190\n630\nGrain ... \u2014 -. --\n169\n83\nHandicraft ~ _ . j - \t\nHoneybee ~ .\nPotato. . ._\t\nPoultry \t\nRural Electrification \t\nSheep \t\n55\n12\n45\n202\n12\n48\nSoils :.. \t\nSwine\u2014 \u201e \t\n10\n52\nTractor .\nYearling Dairy\t\n36\n145\nTotals\t\n152\n17Q I 199.1 I 2.073\n-\u00bb'\u25a0\u2014-\nIn some areas the Department of Agriculture followed the policy of promoting community clubs in which there may be more than one project within the club. In these\nclubs it was asked that each different project have a maximum of four members enrolled\nin it. Each member within the club could have only one project. This arrangement\nmade it possible for districts to participate in the 4-H Club programme where it was\ndifficult to obtain the required eight members for a single-project club.\nThe T. Eaton Agricultural Scholarship\nThis was the fourth year that the T. Eaton Company has awarded this scholarship.\nThe winning boy this year was the Ontario candidate.\nThe British Columbia candidate was Ross Husdon, Mount Lehman.\nEaton Watches\nThis was the fourth year that the T. Eaton Company awarded gold watches to the\nhigh-scoring individuals in each project in the Provincial elimination competitions in\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954\nZ 107\nBritish Columbia. The 1954 winners were as follows: Beef\u2014Verna McLeod, Kamloops; Clothing\u2014Lois Smith, Chilliwack; Dairy\u2014Kathleen Barichello, Langley; Garden\u2014Don Ramsey, Armstrong; Grain\u2014Eleanor Tiegs, North Pine; Poultry\u2014Eileen\nKlebaum, Abbotsford; Swine\u2014Dennis Lyster, Armstrong.\nPlllillilll\nAbbotsford Poultry Team\u2014Eileen Klebaum and Paddy Conroy.\nProvincial Elimination Competitions\nThe Provincial elimination competitions for four projects were, Jdd * \u00ab\"j^\nwith the Pacific National Exhibition on Tuesday, August 24t^ ^.^^\ngarden eliminations were held in Armstrong, in conjunction with the Interior Exhibition,\nTuesday, September 14th, 1954 Mi,Hnna, 4 H club Week this year, so a Garden\nThere was no potato competition at National 4-H uuo wee* yu\u00bb y ,\nTeam was sent instead. It was possible to send a Grain Team this yean This teamcame\nfrom the Peace River and was the first team from that area to ^^^^^tfe\nBeef (four teams competing): Kamloops Beef Team-Verna McLeod and Katie\nDavidson. I rbilHwack Clothing Team\u2014Lois Smith and\nClothing (three teams competing): CnilliwacK uouuug\nBarbara Andrews. \u201e . jffl \u00a71 ir\u201e*i,w\u00ab Rarichello and\nDairy (nine teams competing): Langley Dairy Team-Kathleen Bancnello\nBruno Giacomazzi.\n Z 108\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nx\n1\nLangley Dairy Team\u2014Bruno Giacomazzi and Kathleen Barichello.\nArmstrong Garden Team\u2014Don Ramsey and John Duncan.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954\nZ 109\nGarden (two teams competing): Armstrong Garden Team\u2014Don Ramsey and John\nGrain (two teams competing): North Pine Grain Team\u2014Alvin Germain and\nEleanor Tiegs.\nPoultry (two teams competing): Abbotsford Poultry Team\u2014Paddy Conroy and\nEileen Klebaum.\nSwine (two teams competing): Armstrong Swine Team\u2014Dennis Lyster and Ber-\nneice McCallan.\nChilliwack Clothing Team-Lois Smith and Barbara Andrews.\nPublic Speaking Competitions\nThere were no public speaking finals held this year, \u00ab^^^^^\nindicated any interest in it. Therefore, in common consent ^^BntitiL C\u00b01UmD\nFederation of Agriculture, it was agreed to cancel the contest for this year.\nNational 4-H Club Week\nThis Province was able, for the first time, to send ^G^^^^\nto National 4-H Club Week, which is held at the time of the Royal Agncuitu\nFair in Toronto, November 10th to 23rd, 1954.\n BRITISH COLUMBIA\nZ no\nThere were 116 delegates registered. The nine cups were distributed among six\n\u00ab B3S The Swine Cup came to this Province for the first time in twenty-four years.\np^'lt* of iudging competitions: Swine, first (five teams competing); Clothing,\nfifth Steams competing); Dairy, fifth (eight teams competing); Garden fifth (seven\nteam competing); Poultry, fifth (seven teams competing); Beef, sixth (eight teams\n,Ti Grain seventh (seven teams competing).\nC\u00b0m Barbara ^^^ was the British Columbia representative on the Junior Club\n\u00bb\u201e;i f\u00abr National 4-H Club Week.\nCouncil for National 4-H Club Week.\nArmstrong Swine Team\u2014Berneice McCallan and Dennis Lyster.\nFour of the National delegates from British Columbia had brothers or sisters who\nhad previously attended in the same capacity. Kathleen Barichello's brother Ralph was\na member of the Dairy Team in 1942 and is now farming and leader of the cluD m\nLangley; Dennis Lyster's brother Ronald, a member of the Swine Team in iy 4*'\nnow farming and leader of the club at Armstrong; Berneice McCallan's brother J\nwas a member of the Swine Team in 1950; Lois Smith's sister Marie was a member\nthe Clothing Team in 1952 and assistant leader of Clothing Club in Chilliwack.\nProvincial Council of 4-H Club Leaders\nOn January 25th and 26th, 1954, a representative group of six 4-H Club 1\u2122^TS\u00ae*\nin Victoria. This was the first meeting of the Provincial Council of 4-H Club Lea\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 111\nThe Province has been divided into seven areas for this purpose of selecting representatives for this Council, as follows: Peace River\u2014Clarence Veiner, Dawson Creek; Central\nBritish Columbia\u2014Fred Bartel, Quesnel; Kamloops\u2014Clarence Bryson, Merritt;' Okanagan\u2014Hilliard McCallan, Armstrong; East Kootenay\u2014Mrs. Greta Marples, Invermere;\nFraser Valley\u2014Arnott Bailey, Chilliwack (Cornelius Froese substituted);' Vancouver\nIsland\u2014Pearl Standen, Duncan.\nThe East Kootenay was the only district not represented at the first meeting.\nOfficers are Hilliard McCallan, Armstrong, president, and Miss Echo Lidster, Supervisor of 4-H Clubs, secretary.\nDuties of the members of this Council are to help to co-ordinate 4-H Club activities\nin their own area and make recommendations Provincially as well.\nKamloops Beef Team\u2014Katie Davidson and Verna McLeod.\nPullman Trip\nJune 6th to 12th, 1954, were the dates of the Washington State 4-H Club camp at\nPullman, Wash. This year British Columbia sent four delegates to this camp. Qualifications included record of club work and potential leadership abilities. Those selected\nwere Miss Verna McLeod, Kamloops; Miss Marie Leidl, Prince George; Dick Field,\nVernon; and Vernon Bostock, Bridesville. Ronald Tarves, District Agriculturist,\nQuesnel, accompanied the team. H ff\n Z 112\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nChristmas Fat Stock Show and Sale\nThis show continues to be a 4-H Club show and sale. There were 170 head of\n4-H Club members' steers shown, plus 20 additional head being shown by club members\nin the open singles, out of the 436 head of fat stock shown. In addition, there were 60\nhead of lambs shown by the three Lamb Clubs, making a total of 230 4-H Club and\nassociate members present at the show.\nThe champion of the show was owned by Jean Pringle, Westwold, and was bought\nby Super-Valu Stores, Vancouver, for $1.15 a pound.\n'\u2022*\u2022*\u2022*\u2022 \"\u2022*****\u00ab*^X\u00bbXAX^\u00abrAX\"X\u00abX<\u00abX\u00bbX\u00bbX'X\u00bbX\u00bbX,Xi\nNorth Pine Grain Team\u2014Eleanor Tiegs and Alvin Germain.\nLeaders' Certificates Ji^B\nCertificates were awarded by the Canadian Council on 4-H Clubs as a recognition\nfor five years or more of 4-H Club leadership in their communities to the following\nleaders: C. W. Bailey, Sardis, leader for five years; Walbert J. Leidl, Prince George,\nleader for five years; Dorothy Mercer, Mission City, leader for five years; R. B. Moulton,\nCobble Hill, leader for six years; Fred Nichol, Monte Creek, leader for seven years;\nWalter Shepherd, Westwold, leader for five years; Neil Smith, Rock Creek, leader for\nsix years; Mrs. Pearl Standen, Duncan, leader for five years; and Norman S. Wright,\nSteveston, leader for five years. I\nAdditional Activities M\nDuring the year, travels included attending, as British Columbia director, the annual\nmeeting of the Canadian Council on 4-H Clubs, which was held in Edmonton, Alta., in\nMarch. All points where clubs are organized in the Province were visited, with the\nexception of the East Kootenay and North Vancouver Island. Jf\nLeadership training courses of one day each were held in Kamloops, Armstrong,\nAbbotsford, Quesnel, and Fort St. John in March.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954\nZ 113\nSS&SSM^^S^SKKHHSWH-H\nFirst British Columbia delegation to Washington State 4-H Club camp,\nheaded by A. R. Tarves, District Agriculturist, Quesnel. Marie Leidl, Prince\nGeorge; Verna McLeod, Kamloops; Dick Field, Vernon; and Vernon Bos-\ntock, Bridesville, being greeted by State 4-H Club Agent Charles Meenoch.\nEaton Agricultural Scholarship candidate\u2014Ross Husdon,\nMount Lehman.\n Z 114\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nDuring November, along with J. S. Allin, Supervising Agriculturist, Victoria, I accom\npanied the teams attending National 4-H Club Week, where part of my duties included\nacting as counsellor to the Junior Council of ten members.\nFor the second year, also, duties have included acting as chairman of the National\nCommittee on 4-H Club Leadership.\nLAND-CLEARING OPERATIONS If\nThe following table is a summary of the land-clearing operations by districts for\nthe year 1954:\u2014\nDistrict\nAcreage\nValue\nVancouver Island\t\nWiUiams Lake\t\nSalmon Arm and Kamloops\u2014\nEast Kootenay\t\nPrince George (ten contracts)-\nCleared\t\nBroken\t\nMcBride (seventeen contracts)\nVernon1\t\nGrand Forks1\t\n716*4\n692\n200\n150\n289\n394\n$48,684.10\n20,315.44\n14,037.25\n3,400.00\n8,653.60\n7,623.00\nValue per Acre\n$68.00\n29.82\n31.49\n35.45\n1 Not available.\nG. L. Calver reports on land-clearing projects as follows:\u2014\n\"A Rome disk plough was tried as a replacement of the mould-board plough for\nbreaking newly cleared land. This trial indicated the disk plough was more effective for\nmost tillage operations; furthermore, it was indicated repair costs would be low\u2014limited\nalmost entirely to disk replacement due to wear.\n\" Farmer acceptance of the work done has been very high, actually favouring the\ndisking as compared to the work done previously with the mould-board breaker plough.\n| Equipment was borrowed from the Public Works Department to carry out a trial\nof rotary-tillage equipment for breaking land. Results of this test indicate the equipment\nmay have some merit from the viewpoint of seed-bed preparation. However, the nature\nof the work done does not lead us to be too hopeful of its value for the purpose in mind.\nCosts are likely to be high due to a short annual period of usefulness, high repair costs,\nand excessive down time.\n| Some trial work was also carried out with a new clearing-blade and a rear-mounted\nstumper. More trials are still necessary to find methods to reduce the cost of clearing\noperations.\"\nSummary of Work Reported by Districts |||\nB Vancouver Island had 716V6 acres cleared at a total cost of $48,684.10 or an\naverage of $68 per acre. m\nWilliams Lake district had clearing done on forty-five farms for a total of 692 acres\nat an average cost of $29.82 per acre. ft\nSalmon Arm and Kamloops district report thirty-one farms with approximately\n200 acres cleared at a total cost of $14,037.25.\nEast Kootenay reports clearing done on four farms for a total of $1,400 and\nadditional work of approximately $2,000. About 150 acres were involved.\nPrince George reports show ten contracts completed for a total of $8,653.60. The\naverage cost, including cutting, piling, double disking, and repiling, was $31.49 per acre;\n289 acres were cleared and 394 acres broken.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954 Z 115\nAt McBride seventeen contracts for $7,623 were completed, with an average cost\nof $35.45 per acre, i\nDetailed reports are not available for Vernon and Grand Forks districts.\nFEDERAL-PROVINCIAL FARM LABOUR SERVICE\nDuring January, February, and March there was little demand for farm labour,\nexcept for a few requests for experienced dairy-workers.\nDuring March and April some requests were received for sheep herders and\nhandlers and for dairy-farm workers. j\nThe joint programme suffered a severe loss in the death at a comparatively early\nage of W. L. Forrester, Supervisor of General Placements, Unemployment Insurance\nCommission, who was for several years closely associated with the work of the Farm\nLabour Committee. Ben White, during the rest of the season, acted as liaison officer\nbetween our two departments.\nWeather conditions during the year were most trying from a labour standpoint, but\nthe supply was ample at practically all times. Great credit is due to the placement officers\nfor effective handling of difficult situations.\nSeasonal demands were received for berry-pickers, apple thinners and pickers in the\nOkanagan, cannery-workers, and other groups, and were met without too much difficulty.\nThroughout the entire season a close liaison was maintained with the National\nEmployment Service. The effective co-operation which prevailed in past years was\nevident again this year, and reports indicate no crop-losses were experienced due to lack\nof labour.\nNational Employment Service undertook recruiting and placement in the Vancouver\narea. In future the Province will gradually relinquish operation of all offices possible\nto the Federal agency, retaining only an advisory role in the general plan.\nB.C. BUILDING AT PACIFIC NATIONAL EXHIBITION\nThe Department of Agriculture was also associated with other departments of\nGovernment this year in the agriculture exhibit in the British Columbia Building. This\nrequired considerable time of a committee under the chairmanship of your Director.\nThis exhibit is open to the public all year and will be of great educational value. Arrangements have been made by the Pacific National Exhibition with the Vancouver School\nBoard for all Grade VIII classes to visit the building.\nAGRICULTURAL MAP OF BRITISH COLUMBIA\nThe Extension Branch, with other divisions of the Department of Agriculture,\nco-operated with the Statistics Branch of the Department of Trade and Industry in the\npreparation of the first agricultural map of the Province.\nCONCLUSION\nThe Extension Branch co-operated with J. W. Wilson, of the Lower Mainland\nRegional Planning Board, in his preparation of the report entitled \" The Capital Region\nTakes Stock,\" in so far as the agriculture was concerned.\nThe Extension Branch also co-operated with municipal, Federal, and Provincial\nauthorities in matters pertaining to the agricultural development of the Province.\nI wish to express my appreciation to all members of the Extension staff for their\nco-operation and assistance during the year, and also to members of the staffs of Canada\nDepartment of Agriculture, University of British Columbia, \"Veterans' Land Act\"\nadministration, Washington State Extension staff, and other agencies for the co-operation\nreceived during the year.\n Z 116\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nAPPENDICES\nAPPENDIX No. 1\nPlants Manufacturing, Processing, and\nAcme Dairy Ltd., 130 West Hastings Street, Vancouver 3. . .\nArmstrong Cheese Co-operative Association,\nArmstrong.\nArrow Lakes Co-operative Dairy Association,\nEdgewood.\nArrowsmith Farms (Nicholson Ltd.), Hilliers.\nAvalon Dairy Ltd., 5805 Wales Road, Vancouver 16.\nBaby's Own Dairy (H. Armishaw), 600 Albert\nStreet, Nanaimo.\nBlue Ribbon Dairy Ltd., 661 Main Street, Mission City.\nBrooksbank Farms Ltd., 804 River Road, Lulu\nIsland, Vancouver.\nBulkley Valley Creamery (Paulsen & Kinney),\nTelkwa.\nCariboo Farmers' Co-operative Association, Box\n19, Quesnel.\nCentral Creameries (B.C.) Ltd., 325 Railway\nStreet, Vancouver 4.\nChilliwack Dairy Ltd., Box 274, Chilliwack.\nCity Dairy Farm (Barrett & Morrison), Cranbrook.\nComox Co-operative Creamery Association, 280\nSixth Street, Courtenay.\nCreamland Crescent Dairy Ltd., 1335 Howe\nStreet, Vancouver 1.\nCreamland Ice Cream Ltd., 1335 Howe Street,\nVancouver 1.\nCreston Co-operative Milk Producers' Association, Creston.\nDairy Queen Mixco (J. C. Mulvey), 2000 East\nHastings Street, Vancouver 6.\nDeClark's Dairy (A. and J. DeClark), Ladysmith.\nDiamond Dairy (H. H. Trerise), Haney.\nDominion Dairy (Gordon Milum), Box 186,\nGolden.\nDrake's Dairy Ltd., 441 Sixth Street, New Westminster.\nDutch Dairy Farms Ltd., 21 Tranquille Road,\nNorth Kamloops.\nDyffryn Dairy (P. C. Inglis), Lumby.\nEdgewater Dairy (D. A. Bowers), Edgewater.\nEgeskov Cheese Factory (Kaj E. Andersen),\nCreston.\nEnterprise Dairy (W. Pighin), Box 379, Kim-\nberley.\nFernie Dairy (S. Barrett), Fernie.\nFrasea Farms Ltd., Postal Station \" L,\" Vancouver.\nFraser Valley Milk Producers' Association, 425\nWest Eighth Avenue, Vancouver 10.\nFraser Valley Milk Producers' Association, 1166\nHornby Street, Vancouver 1.\nFraser Valley Milk Producers' Association Sardis.\nDistributing Dairy Products during 1954\nFraser Valley Milk Producers' Association, Abbotsford.\nGlenburn Dairy Ltd., 3695 East Hastings Street\nVancouver 6. '\nGuernsey Breeders' Dairy Ltd., 2405 West Broadway, Vancouver 9.\nHazelwood Creamery Ltd., 441 Keefer Street\nVancouver 4.\nHillside Farm Dairy (Wm. Crawford), R.R. 4\nCloverdale.\nHudson's Bay Co., Ocean Falls.\nIsland Farms Co-operative Association, 608\nBroughton Street, Victoria.\nI.X.L. Dairy Ltd., 145 Terminal Avenue, Nanaimo.\nJersey Dairy (Jack Taylor), 130 Young Road\nSouth, Chilliwack.\nJersey Farms Ltd., 2256 West Broadway, Vancouver 9.\nKamloops United Dairies Ltd., 156 Victoria\nStreet, Kamloops.\nKelowna Creamery Ltd., 1474 Pendozi Street,\nKelowna.\nKootenay Valley Co-operative Milk Products\nAssociation, 609 Railway Street, Nelson.\nLewis & Sons' Dairy (E. R. Lewis), Box 162,\nPowell River.\nLittle Mountain Dairy (Carncross & Thompson),\nBox 396, Abbotsford.\nMaple Ridge Dairy (Herbert Vogel), Main Street,\nMission.\nMedo-land Farm Dairy Ltd., Port Coquitlam.\nModern Dairy (D. M. Macaulay and R. H. Du-\ncharme), Box 70, Marysville.\nModern Dairy (K. Sharpies), Castlegar.\nMorrison-Knudsen Co. of Canada Ltd., Kemano.\nNanaimo Dairy Co. Ltd., 535 Franklyn Street.\nNanaimo.\nNational Dairies Ltd., 1132 East Hastings Street,\nVancouver 6.\nNechako Valley Dairy Ltd., Vanderhoof.\nNorthern Alberta Dairy Pool Ltd., Dawson Creek.\nNorthern Dairies Ltd., Prince George.\nNorthland Dairy Ltd., 401 Third Avenue, Prince\nRupert.\nNorth Squamish Dairy (Lloyd Goodale), Squam-\nish.\nNorthwestern Creamery Ltd., 1015 Yates Street,\nVictoria.\nOdermatt's Dairy (Paul Odermatt), Box 252,\nFort St. John.\nOliver Dairy (Henry Hettinga), Box 601, Oliver.\nPalm Dairies Ltd., Kamloops.\nPalm Dairies Ltd., 685 Baker Street, Nelson.\nPalm Dairies Ltd., Box 2115, Trail.\nPalm Dairies Ltd., 3333 Main Street, Vancouver 10.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954\nZ 117\nAPPENDIX No. 1\u2014Continued\nPlants Manufacturing, Processing, and Distributing Dairy Products during 1954-\nContinued\nPalm Dairies Ltd., 930 North Park Street, Victoria.\nPeerless Dairy (John Lancaster), Box 456, Cranbrook.\nPenticton Dairy and Ice Cream Co. Ltd., 67\nFront Street, Penticton.\nPeter's Ice Cream Co. Ltd., 3204 West Broadway,\nVancouver 8.\nPinelawn Dairy (Mrs. Dulcie Hamilton), R.R. 1,\nComox.\nPrimrose Dairy (L. R. Singlehurst), Box 353,\nWilliams Lake.\nPrinceton Dairy (Sidney D. Atkinson), Box 286,\nPrinceton.\nRichmond Milk Producers' Co-operative Association, 3277 Cambie Street, Vancouver 9.\nRivers' Dairyland (J. P. Rivers), Palmer Street,\nSalmon Arm.\nRiverside Dairy (Alan V. Frear), McBride.\nRose's Ice Cream Ltd., Drawer 70, Prince George.\nRoyal City Dairies Ltd., 309 Sixth Street, New\nWestminster.\nSalt Spring Island Creamery Co. Ltd., Ganges.\nSeal-Kap Dairy Ltd., R.R. 1, Langley Prairie.\nShannon Dairies Ltd., 8584 Granville Street, Vancouver 14.\nShepherd's Dairy Ltd., 1645 Fort Street, Victoria.\nShirley Farm (H. G. Morson), 5711 Kittson\nRoad, R.R. 1, New Westminster.\nShuswap Okanagan Dairy Industries Co-operative\nAssociation, Enderby.\nShuswap Okanagan Dairy Industries Co-operative\nAssociation, 1136 Richter Street, Kelowna.\nShuswap Okanagan Dairy Industries Co-operative\nAssociation, Salmon Arm.\nShuswap Okanagan Dairy Industries Co-operative\nAssociation, Vernon.\nSilver Rill Dairy (Stanley H. S. Fox), Saanichton\nP.O.\nStandard Dairy (Mrs. D. McKinnon), Revelstoke.\nStanhope Dairy Farm (R. Rendle), 3578 Richmond Avenue, Victoria.\nSunny Brae Dairy Ltd., Queen's Road, Duncan.\nSunnybrook Dairy (Hay Bros.), 1598 South-east\nMarine Drive, Vancouver 15.\nSunshine Valley Dairy Ltd., Box 74, Grand Forks.\nSurrey Dairy (Mrs. F. R. Lipsey), 200 Scott\nRoad, R.R. 7, New Westminster.\nTip Top Dairy Ltd., Box 804, Westview.\nTurner's Dairy (Mrs. R. J. Turner), 416 King\nEdward Street, Ladner.\nUnited Dairies Ltd., 1601 Second Avenue, Trail.\nValley Dairy (Albert Doratti), Box 527, Ross-\nland.\nValley Dairy (Armstrong Cheese Co-operative\nAssociation, 64 Nanaimo Avenue, Penticton.\nWillow Dairy (H. G. Pemberton), Parksville.\nWood's Dairy (J. P. Wood), Creston.\n Z 118\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nAPPENDIX No. 2\nInspected Slaughterings of Live Stock, December 1st, 1953, to November 30th, 1954\nDate\nBritish Columbia\nDecember 5\t\nDecember 12\t\nDecember 19\t\nDecember 28 to 31.\nJanuary 9\t\nJanuary 16\t\nJanuary 23\t\nJanuary 30\t\nFebruary 6\t\nFebruary 13\t\nFebruary 20\t\nFebruary 27\t\nMarch 6\t\nMarch 13\t\nMarch 20\t\nMarch 27\t\nApril 3\t\nApril 10\t\nApril 17\t\nApril 24\t\nMay 1\t\nMay 8\t\nMay 15\t\nMay 22\t\nMay 29\t\nJune 5\t\nJune 12\t\nJune 19\t\nJune 26\t\nJuly 3\t\nJuly 10\t\nJuly 17\t\nJuly 24\t\nJuly 31\t\nAugust 7\t\nAugust 14\t\nAugust 21\t\nAugust 28\t\nSeptember 4\t\nSeptember 11\t\nSeptember 18\t\nSeptember 25\t\nOctober 2\t\nOctober 9\t\nOctober 16\t\nOctober 23\t\nOctober 30\t\nNovember 6\t\nNovember 13\t\nNovember 20\t\nNovember 27\t\nCattle\nCalves\nHogs\nSheep\nAlberta\nCattle\nCalves\nHogs\nSheep\nTotals for Canada\nCattle\nCalves\n2,167\n2,130\n1,450\n1,795\n2,389\n2,550\n2,689\n2,596\n2,007\n2,231\n2,192\n2,198\n2,434\n2,197\n2,256\n2,332\n2,293\n2,409\n1,893\n2,452\n2,040\n2,061\n2,347\n2,166\n1,886\n2,450\n2,374\n2,275\n2,060\n1,788\n2,091\n2,353\n2,065\n2,122\n2,041\n1,952\n2,278\n2,317\n2,430\n2,054\n2,715\n2,245\n2,286\n2,125\n2,202\n2,732\n2,123\n2,600\n2,129\n2,489\n2,346\n653\n396\n249\n144\n656\n500\n261\n269\n489\n357\n325\n361\n279\n249\n223\n374\n338\n270\n324\n269\n349\n518\n370\n287\n337\n463\n379\n505\n482\n449\n446\n402\n540\n346\n383\n443\n372\n342\n581\n447\n556\n496\n465\n588\n358\n336\n895\n687\n664\n681\n612\n8,417\n6,809\n6,875\n3,753\n6,830\n6,388\n5,317\n4,625\n6,972\n5,967\n4,794\n5,654\n5,713\n5,424\n6,315\n6,105\n5,943\n5,705\n4,997\n5,740\n6,976\n6,817\n5,904\n5,808\n6,021\n5,615\n4,713\n6,209\n5,729\n5,114\n4,021\n5,568\n5,298\n5,183\n5,252\n4,774\n5,399\n4,840\n4,785\n5,364\n5,973\n6,619\n6,866\n7,167\n5,024\n5,891\n8,338\n8,393\n7,150\n8,485\n9,456\n1,534\n992\n1,409\n895\n1,220\n1,832\n1,826\n1,220\n1,846\n1,905\n1,444\n1,195\n1,127\n1,577\n1,543\n1,356\n1,030\n1,333\n1,682\n894\n1,037\n1,367\n694\n657\n527\n17\n418\n363\n1,020\n223\n1,092\n480\n901\n847\n675\n1,256\n1,448\n1,927\n1,176\n1,408\n1,715\n2,129\n1,509\n2,466\n1,452\n1,729\n2,342\n1,096\n1,485\n1,604\n1,715\n4,911\n4,296\n2,773\n3,897\n5,131\n5,739\n5,486\n4,961\n4,960\n4,483\n4,848\n4,906\n4,883\n4,713\n3,990\n4,920\n5,077\n4,991\n3,843\n4,479\n4,577\n4,768\n5,068\n4,880\n4,063\n5,648\n5,141\n4,911\n4,559\n4,477\n5,495\n5,698\n5,650\n4,562\n4,183\n5,011\n5,529\n4,787\n4,733\n4,446\n6,062\n6,009\n4,927\n5,944\n4,659\n5,643\n5,705\n5,704\n5,343\n5,939\n6,078\n1,471\n1,251\n886\n470\n1,296\n1,523\n702\n984\n1,554\n847\n957\n1,179\n919\n1,178\n1,109\n1,222\n1,201\n1,169\n1,008\n1,029\n1,414\n1,399\n938\n1,399\n961\n1,148\n1,188\n1,830\n1,508\n1,057\n1,451\n1,445\n1,674\n1,460\n1,322\n1,580\n1,529\n1,207\n1,795\n1,817\n2,031\n1,816\n1,647\n2,339\n1,030\n1,511\n2,055\n1,944\n2,042\n1,849\n1,991\n26,115\n26,278\n27,361\n14,779\n27,466\n24,638\n14,295\n20,207\n25,301\n18,581\n20,709\n20,865\n18,822\n21,109\n21,117\n21,296\n18,599\n19,960\n16,924\n21,071\n24,957\n22,742\n18,975\n24,890\n20,700\n22,543\n16,777\n20,646\n20,900\n16,643\n18,141\n15,497\n16,808\n13,458\n12,784\n13,258\n13,324\n12,908\n16,218\n14,047\n15,679\n17,282\n17,931\n19,223\n13,981\n17,430\n26,475\n25,192\n25,342\n31,017\n33,576\n1,739\n1,157\n1,102\n637\n849\n1,494\n818\n622\n1,725\n1,436\n776\n1,067\n933\n951\n599\n1,033\n598\n970\n1,020\n550\n591\n763\n866\n594\n392\n189\n159\n325\n282\n386\n605\n789\n551\n1,280\n1,166\n762\n1,045\n1,050\n1,337\n1,060\n1,264\n1,499\n1,365\n1,665\n1,702\n1,401\n1,646\n2,069\n1,746\n1,742\n1,834\n33,146\n29,372\n23,475\n23,703\n32,639\n35,726\n33,818\n30,683\n29,509\n28,654\n28,090\n30,452\n28,920\n28,111\n26,726\n30,148\n32,234\n31,822\n25,272\n29,286\n30,124\n31,932\n33,342\n33,321\n28,157\n33,731\n31,697\n29,124\n27,791\n25,851\n32,719\n34,511\n31,461\n29,038\n24,899\n31,127\n34,943\n32,230\n31,470\n28,306\n37,810\n36,348\n31,653\n33,107\n28,903\n36,748\n36,993\n38,751\n36,035\n37,976\n37,858\n12,934\n12,334\n10,433\n5,990\n10,610\n11,339\n9,931\n10,024\n10,372\n10,012\n9,106\n12,396\n11,246\n15,657\n18,127\n21,004\n24,553\n24,511\n24,273\n23,905\n27,316\n23,756\n25,478\n23,816\n20,632\n20,836\n17,586\n18,011\n17,082\n15,155\n16,988\n16,639\n16,832\n15,841\n12,809\n13,230\n14,336\n13,933\n14,685\n13,961\n16,835\n16,643\n13,656\n14,885\n11,775\n14,841\n15,858\n16,774\n14,872\n15,127\n13,956\nHogs\n105,111\n102,375\n106,030\n62,768\n95,600\n97,959\n75,684\n81,378\n95,273\n90,378\n80,568\n91,210\n76,067\n95,711\n90,379\n93,985\n87,754\n85,254\n81,642\n93,742\n102,953\n97,195\n84,142\n88,220\n81,194\n88,471\n72,957\n83,688\n81,579\n67,413\n71,968\n67,722\n72,131\n72,781\n71,480\n70,141\n67,309\n72,208\n77,575\n79,297\n90,716\n90,537\n95,724\n104,024\n87,965\n94,297\n112,560\n112,447\n109,124\n126,664\n128,141\nSheep\n14,593\n10,360\n11,320\n4,881\n6,514\n10,131\n8,634\n6,490\n8,017\n7,593\n5,867\n5,453\n64,625\n5,653\n5,519\n5,451\n4,783\n5,046\n5,640\n4,131\n3,934\n3,770\n2,998\n2,469\n2,126\n2,048\n2,494\n2,775\n4,387\n3,650\n6,979\n7,344\n8,892\n11,894\n11,054\n11,928\n14,099\n16,022\n18,584\n17,184\n21,867\n22,715\n20,574\n20,800\n18,980\n26,929\n30,720\n26,183\n28,395\n20,254\n17,243\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954\nZ 119\nAPPENDIX No. 3\nBeef Carcasses Graded in British Columbia, December 1st, 1953, to November 30th 1954\nDate\nTotal\nKill\nB\nDi\nDecember 5\t\nDecember 12\t\nDecember 19\t\nDecember 28 to 31\nJanuary 1 to 9\t\nJanuary 16\t\nJanuary 23\t\nJanuary 30\t\nFebruary 6\t\nFebruary 13\t\nFebruary 20\t\nFebruary 27\t\nMarch 6\t\nMarch 13\t\nMarch 20\t\nMarch 27\t\nApril 3\t\nApril 10\t\nApril 17\t\nApril 24\t\nMay 1\t\nMay 8\t\nMay 15\t\nMay 22\t\nMay 29\t\nJune 5\t\nJune 12\t\nJune 19\t\nJune 26\t\nJuly 3\t\nJuly 10\t\nJuly 17\t\nJuly 24\t\nJuly 31\t\nAugust 7\t\nAugust 14\t\nAugust 21\t\nAugust 28\t\nSeptember 4\t\nSeptember 11..\t\nSeptember 18\t\nSeptember 25\t\nOctober 2\t\nOctober 9\t\nOctober 16\t\nOctober 23\t\nOctober 30\t\nNovember 6\t\nNovember 13\t\nNovember 20\t\nNovember 27\t\n2,167\n2,130\n1,450\n1,795\n2,389\n2,550\n2,689\n2,596\n2,007\n2,231\n2,192\n2,198\n2,434\n2,197\n2,256\n2,332\n2,293\n2,409\n1,893\n2,452\n2,040\n2,061\n2,347\n2,166\n1,886\n2,450\n2,374\n2,275\n2,060\n1,788\n2,091\n2,353\n2,065\n2,122\n2,041\n1,940\n2,290\n2,317\n2,430\n2,054\n2,715\n2,245\n2,286\n2,125\n2,202\n2,732\n2,123\n2,618\n2,111\n2,489\n2,346\nD2\nD3\nM\n671\n687\n417\n785\n1,156\n987\n1,091\n1,045\n636\n829\n976\n972\n1,103\n999\n947\n1,001\n897\n1,026\n791\n1,033\n949\n923\n896\n848\n816\n1,104\n1,153\n1,002\n869\n860\n916\n1,146\n932\n914\n980\n874\n1,039\n1,011\n877\n754\n892\n764\n712\n747\n703\n864\n817\n801\n668\n834\n667\n365\n449\n237\n387\n436\n537\n472\n497\n419\n387\n395\n339\n416\n335\n482\n413\n450\n527\n390\n451\n427\n409\n472\n381\n328\n467\n404\n398\n315\n319\n352\n344\n244\n297\n302\n306\n368\n378\n517\n382\n489\n401\n386\n348\n429\n426\n383\n439\n282\n394\n393\n438\n484\n307\n335\n362\n426\n494\n577\n441\n393\n327\n383\n367\n355\n347\n416\n429\n412\n329\n411\n313\n344\n419\n390\n276\n411\n300\n330\n300\n226\n314\n378\n311\n307\n332\n313\n402\n424\n436\n390\n584\n442\n459\n320\n428\n595\n315\n490\n423\n447\n494\n120\n69\n69\n42\n79\n73\n71\n105\n56\n95\n55\n94\n82\n76\n56\n92\n71\n86\n36\n106\n51\n68\n89\n106\n65\n82\n76\n92\n106\n42\n70\n90\n106\n88\n73\n47\n62\n78\n79\n70\n93\n60\n61\n83\n63\n115\n53\n79\n61\n85\n72\n194\n110\n106\n122\n158\n144\n306\n158\n180\n167\n155\n162\n172\n175\n148\n129\n165\n101\n109\n153\n58\n98\n135\n117\n64\n62\n84\n122\n107\n84\n113\n63\n167\n177\n133\n91\n137\n132\n185\n99\n209\n178\n182\n133\n93\n240\n189\n211\n206\n230\n192\n54\n47\n38\n19\n42\n. 55\n53\n49\n57\n64\n39\n46\n41\n46\n43\n37\n36\n57\n42\n45\n46\n42\n53\n46\n62\n92\n63\n72\n79\n62\n66\n46\n71\n55\n34\n30\n32\n60\n59\n46\n70\n46\n67\n64\n68\n71\n76\n141\n78\n94\n86\n196\n176\n151\n48\n119\n202\n110\n99\n99\n156\n180\n149\n181\n131\n153\n121\n154\n134\n125\n150\n129\n109\n188\n164\n167\n143\n192\n166\n139\n69\n149\n130\n121\n155\n98\n161\n147\n143\n148\n185\n194\n213\n269\n293\n279\n282\n230\n337\n323\n280\n340\n129\n108\n125\n57\n37\n126\n92\n66\n119\n140\n65\n53\n72\n80\n80\n123\n91\n66\n71\n103\n67\n68\n95\n114\n108\n89\n102\n93\n145\n126\n111\n156\n113\n129\n89\n118\n103\n91\n129\n128\n184\n141\n150\n137\n139\n139\n60\n120\n70\n125\n102\n Z 120\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nAPPENDIX No. 4\nAverage Prices for Cattle, December 1st, 1953, to November 30th, 1954\nDate\nDecember 5\t\nDecember 12\t\nDecember 19\t\nDecember 28 to 31\nJanuary 9\t\nJanuary 16\t\nJanuary 23\t\nJanuary 30\t\nFebruary 6\t\nFebruary 13\t\nFebruary 20\t\nFebruary 27\t\nMarch 6\t\nMarch 13\t\nMarch 20\t\nMarch 27\t\nApril 3\t\nApril 10\t\nApril 17\t\nApril 24\t\nMay 1\t\nMay 8\t\nMay 15\t\nMay 22\t\nMay 29\t\nVancouver\nGood\nSteers\n$18.00\n18.00\n18.00\n18.13\n17.50\n17.50\n17.50\n17.50\n18.00\n17.00\n17.00\n17.50\n17.50\n17.50\n17.50\n18.60\n18.18\n19.00\n19.00\nVeal\nCalves\n$17.75\n17.50\n18.00\n17.50\n20.75\n19.00\n22.00\n22.00\n20.00\n22.00\n19.50\n19.75\n22.00\n23.25\n21.00\n20.70\nCalgary\nGood\nSteers\n$17.02\n17.12\n16.66\n17.57\n17.06\n17.48\n17.60\n17.41\n16.35\n16.57\n16.70\n16.85\n16.85\n16.23\n16.25\n16.85\n16.75\n17.03\n17.32\n17.61\n17.61\n17.86\n18.38\n18.45\n19,07\nVeal\nCalves\nDate\n$15.80\n16.36\n16.05\n18.03\n19.54\n22.34\n23.73\n23.90\n24.31\n23.79\n22.23\n22.92\n23.21\n24.88\n23.89\n22.92\n22.81\n23.83\n24.63\n23.83\n21.83\n22.64\n21.55\n20.88\n21.05\nVancouver\nGood\nSteers\nJune 5\t\nJune 12\t\nJune 19\t\nJune 26\t\nJuly 3\t\nJuly 10\t\nJuly 17\t\nJuly 24\t\nJuly 31\t\nAugust 7\t\nAugust 14\t\nAugust 21\t\nAugust 28\t\nSeptember 4..\nSeptember 11\nSeptember 18\nSeptember 25\nOctober 2\t\nOctober 9\t\nOctober 16\t\nOctober 23\t\nOctober 30\t\nNovember 6..\nNovember 13\nNovember 20\nNovember 27\n$19.00\n19.13\n18.75\n18.80\n17.63\n17.50\n17.25\n18.05\n19.15\n18.68\n21.18\n19.63\n20.00\n19.50\n18.90\n19.00\n19.00\n19.00\n20.00\n20.00\n19.75\n19.30\nVeal\nCalves\n$21.75\n19.68\n22.18\n20.50\n19.00\n20.00\n18.50\n20.25\n18.10\n18.75\n18.00\n17.68\n18.50\n19.70\n18.50\n16.75\n18.00\n17.00\n17.00\n17.00\n18.00\n18.40\n17.50\n15.00\n15.00\nCalgary\nGood\nSteers\n$19.12\n18.65\n17.97\n18.73\n19.35\n20.00\n20.21\n20.37\n20.09\n20.10\n20.01\n20.38\n20.40\n20.42\n19.66\n19.31\n19.51\n18.86\n19.10\n19.05\n19.08\n18.71\n18.92\n19.59\n19.45\nVeal\nCalves\n$20.91\n25.08\n22.18\n21.56\n21.47\n22.55\n20.25\n19.90\n19.75\n19.98\n19.05\n18.81\n18.71\n17.94\n17.21\n15.99\n15.52\n14.18\n14.80\n14.84\n14.29\n14.66\n14.10\n13.98\n13.39\nAPPENDIX No. 5\nProvincial Bull Sale and Fat Stock Show, Kamloops, March 9th to 11th, 1954\nNumber and Kind\nHighest\nPrice per\nCwt.\nLowest\nPrice per\nCwt.\n1954\nAverage\n1953\nAverage\nCar-lots of 15 steers\t\nGroups of 5 steers\t\nSpares\t\nOpen singles and boys' and girls' classes\n$23.00\n24.50\n27.50\n85.00\n$17.10\n17.50\n17.50\n18.25\n$19.70\n19.87\n19.76\n23.06\n$20.26\n20.90\n19.27\n24.31\nChristmas Fat Stock Show and Sale, Kamloops, December 2nd, 1954\nKind\nHead\nHighest\nPrice per\nCwt.\nLowest\nPrice per\nCwt.\nAverage\nPrice per\nCwt., 1954\nAverage\nPrice per\nCwt., 1953\nTotal\nWeight\nCar-lots\t\nGroups of 5 cattle\t\nSpares\t\nOpen singles and boys' and girls'\nentries (cattle)\t\nGroups of 5 lambs .\t\nOpen singles and boys' and girls'\nentries (lambs)\t\nTotals\t\n105\n90\n8\n233\n25\n58\n$25.00\n25.00\n23.25\n115.00\n24.00\n80.00\n$20.25\n19.00\n18.00\n16.50\n22.00\n20.00\n$22.39\n22.29\n21.10\n25.27\n23.05\n25.42\n519\n$21.12\n20.43\n19.75\n23.09\n44.40\n98,351\n82,660\n7,743\n213,305\n2,270\n4,975\n409,304\n1 Plus Lot 380 donated to Salvation Army for resale, $333.95, making a grand total of $98,396.35.\n1953\n1954\nHead\nTotal fat stock 436\nTotal lambs 83\nTotal\nPrice\n$21,980.34\n18,466.98\n1,656.85\n54,159.73\n\u00ab 523.33\n__1I275117__\n19^06140T\nValue\n$96,597.85\n1,798.50\nTotal sale 519 $98,396.35\nAverage price of qualified stock per hundredweight, $22.76.\nHead\nTotal fat stock 303\nTotal lambs 49\nValue\n$64,728.47\n1,472.19\nTotal sale 352 $66,200.66\nAverage price of qualified stock per hundredweight, $21.10.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954\nZ 121\nAPPENDIX No. 6\nProvincial Dairy Herd Improvement Associations\nDairy-herd Improvement\nAssociation\nChilliwack-\nRoute 1-\nRoute 2-\nRoute 3-\nRoute 4.\nComox Valley-\nCo wichan\t\nDelta-\nRoute 1.\nRoute 2\t\nDewdney-Deroche.\nLangley (Route 1)\nMatsqui\u2014\nRoute 1\t\nRoute 2\t\nSalmon Arm-North Okanagan\u2014.\nPitt Meadows-Maple Ridge and\nRichmond (Route 2)\nRichmond (Route 1)\t\nSumas\u2014\nRoute 1 :\t\nRoute 2\t\nSurrey (Route 1)\t\nSurrey (Route 2) and Langley\n(Route 2)\nVancouver Island\u2014\nCentre .\t\nSouth\t\nSecretary\nH. C. Clark, 214 Spadina Ave., Chilliwack.\nDitto\t\nD. T. Jones, R.R. 2, Courtenay\t\nM. Hansen, P.O. Box 14, Cobble Hill.\nA. W. Mitchell, Crescent Island, R.R. 1,\nNew Westminster\nDitto\t\nA. McDonald, Agassiz\t\nH. L. Davis, Box 103, Milner\t\nJames Green, R.R. 1,Mount Lehman...\nDitto\t\nJ. H. Thompson, R.R. 1, Salmon Arm-\nGordon Park, Pitt Meadows\t\nG. P. Crosby, 8483 Wiltshire St., Vancouver 14\nJ. E. Dayton, R.R. 2, Abbotsford\t\nDitto\t\nR. J. Livingston, 7051 Pacific Highway,\nR.R. 4, Cloverdale\nDitto\t\nT. C. Tryon, R.R. 1, Parksville\t\nJohn Pendray, 4160 Blenkinsop Road,\nR.R. 4, Victoria\nSupervisor\nJ. R. Hannam, 236 Corbould St., Chilliwack.\nFred Wiffen, 295 Maple Ave., Sardis.\nH. Bylsma, 159 Chilliwack Central Road,\nR.R. 1, Chilliwack.\nR. E. Chapman, 268 Trans-Canada Highway\nEast, R.R. 2, Chilliwack.\nH. de Blieck, Box 991, Courtenay.\nD. R. O'Brien, Maple Bay Road, R.M.D. 1,\nDuncan.\nL. Craig MacNair, Box 76, Ladner.\nG. H. Bailey, Ladner.\nA. H. Maddocks, c\/o C. G. Lancaster,\nMatsqui.\nArne Colly, 7105 Latimer Road, R.R. 3,\nCloverdale.\nV. A. Gill, R.R. 1, Matsqui.\nPhil Harvey, Mount Lehman.\nPat Hibbert, Box 91, Salmon Arm.\nR. MacGregor, Box 454, Pitt Meadows\t\nD. S. Heelas, 1657 West Fifty-ninth Ave.,\nVancouver.\nC. S. Lillies, Box 392, Abbotsford.\nBrian Hall, No. 5 Road, R.R. 4, Abbotsford.\nS. Baehr, Port Kells.\nM. Shymkowich, R.R. 7, Langley Prairie.\nW. T. Calbick, 516 Churchill Ave., Nanaimo.\nT. G. M. Clarke, 3449 Cook St., Victoria.\nAyrshire\t\nGuernsey\u2014\nHolstein\t\nJersey\t\nAPPENDIX No. 7\nBreed Averages for 1953\nUnclassified (cross-breds, etc.).\nPercentage\nof Total\n3.6\n20.8\n41.5\n23.8\n10.3\nMilk\nLb.\n8,567\n8,382\n11,403\n7,738\n8,856\nFat\nPer Cent\n4.07\n4.75\n3.66\n5.05\n4.43\nLb.\n349\n398\n417\n391\n392\n Z 122\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nAPPENDIX No. 8\nAverage Prices for Lambs, December 1st, 1953, to November 30th, 1954\nDate\nVancouver\nDecember 5\t\nDecember 12\t\nDecember 19\t\nDecember 28 to 31\nJanuary 9\t\nJanuary 16\t\nJanuary 23\t\nJanuary 30\t\nFebruary 6\t\nFebruary 13\t\nFebruary 20\t\nFebruary 27\t\nMarch 6\t\nMarch 13\t\nMarch 20.\t\nMarch 27\t\nApril 3\t\nApril 10\t\nApril 17\t\nApril 24\t\nMay 1\t\nMay 8 I\nMay 15\t\nMay 22\t\nMay 29\t\nJune 5\t\n$22.50\n19.25\n22.50\n21.93\n20.50\n21.50\n21.00\nCalgary\nDate\n$19.49\n19.63\n19.36\n19.34\n19.18\n19.41\n19.50\n19.88\n20.43\n20.81\n20.43\n19.18\n18.83\n18.45\n18.75\n19.18\n19.29\n21.01\n20.81\n20.85\n21.19\n21.63\n21.05\n20.86\nVancouver\nJune 12\t\nJune 19\t\nJune 26\t\nJuly 3\t\nJuly 10\t\nJuly 17\t\nJuly 24\t\nJuly 31\t\nAugust 7\t\nAugust 14\t\nAugust 21\t\nAugust 28\t\nSeptember 4..\nSeptember 11\nSeptember 18\nSeptember 25\nOctober 2\t\nOctober 9\t\nOctober 16\t\nOctober 23\t\nOctober 30\t\nNovember 6~.\nNovember 13.\nNovember 20.\nNovember 27\n$26.00\n24.18\n22.50\n23.50\n22.00\n22.50\n22.25\n20.00\n20.00\n19.50\n19.35\n18.25\n21.00\n20.50\n19.85\n20.00\n18.25\n19.00\nCalgary\n$20.00\n22.25\n19.49\n22.75\n24.80\n24.71\n22.83\n20.69\nHi\n18.91\n18.60\n18.55\n18.45\n18.12\n17.91\n17.70\n17.92\n17.73\n17.63\n16.83\n16.91\n16.74\n16.87\n17.00\nAPPENDIX No. 9\nAverage Prices for Hogs, December 1st, 1953, to November 30th, 1954\nDate\nVancouver\nCalgary\nDate\nVancouver\nCalgary\nDecember 5\t\nDecember 12\t\nDecember 19\t\nDecember 28 to 31.\nJanuary 9\t\nJanuary 16\t\nJanuary 23\t\nJanuary 30\t\nFebruary 6\t\nFebruary 13\t\nFebruary 20\t\nFebruary 27\t\nMarch 6\t\nMarch 13\t\nMarch 20\t\nMarch 27 I\t\nApril 3\t\nApril 10\t\nApril 17\t\nApril 24\t\nMay 1\t\nMay 8\t\nMay 15\t\nMay 22\t\nMay 29\t\nJune 5\t\n$30.50\n34.00\n33.62\n36.35\n34.75\n33.35\n36.40\n35.65\n35.40\n35.40\n$28.60\n29.60\n30.95\n31.70\n32.00\n32.75\n33.45\n33.30\n31.80\n33.20\n33.80\n34.35\n33.60\n33.65\n32.88\n34.35\n32.45\n32.95\n33.10\n34.42\n34.10\n33.95\n33.31\n34.00\n33.56\n34.00\nJune 12\t\nJune 19\t\nJune 26\t\nJuly 3\t\nJuly 10\t\nJuly 17\t\nJuly 24\t\nJuly 31\t\nAugust 7\t\nAugust 14.\t\nAugust 21\t\nAugust 28\t\nSeptember 4..\nSeptember 11\nSeptember 18\nSeptember 25\nOctober 2\t\nOctober 9\t\nOctober 16.\t\nOctober 23\t\nOctober 30\u2014.\nNovember 6...\nNovember 13.\nNovember 20.\nNovember 27\n$35.40\n31.15\n31.15\n29.90\n27.65\n27.15\n29.27\n24.40\n25.40\n22.65\n25.65\n$33.75\n31.41\n29.70\n29.06\n28.50\n28.55\n28.40\n27.55\n25.81\n26.46\n27.30\n26.37\n23.87\n23.60\n23.00\n22.79\n21.00\n21.06\n23.25\n22.80\n20.87\n22.30\n23.60\n23.60\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954\nAPPENDIX No. 10\nDairy Herds and Premises Inspected and Graded under the \"Milk Apt\"\n from December 1st, 1953, to November 30th, 1954\nZ 123\nDistrict\nNumber of\nPremises\nVisited\nTotal\nCattle\nTotal\nCows\nGrade of Premises\nA\nB\nC\nU\nU-Pi\nCariboo\nCoast\t\nKamloops\t\n8\n35\n8\n44\n207\n1,126\n425\n774\n138\n647\n68\n356\n3\n4\n1\n5\n27\n3\n24\n1\n15\n1\n2\n4\nLillooet\t\nQuesnel\t\n1\n3\nTotals\t\n95\n2,532\n1,209\n8\n59\n16\n7\n4\nCentral British Columbia\nFort Fraser \t\n4\n14\n31\n581\n17\n269\n390\n1\n11\n3\n5\n8\n7\n1\n1\nFort George\t\nPrince Rupert _\nSmithers \t\n19\n548\nTotals\t\n37\n1,160\n676\n12\n16\n7\n2\nFraser Valley\nChilliwack\t\nCoquitlam\t\n160\n26\n33\n2\n4\n4,070\n543\n1,695\n39\n182\n2,537\n288\n957\n25\n122\n2\n1\n149\n14\n33\n2\n2\n2\n19\n10\n41\n2\n1\n33\n315\n81\n3\n11\n1\n1\n2\n1\n8\nDelta \t\n1\nDewdney\t\nGreater Vancouver\t\nHope .\n2\nKent... \t\n2\n19\n11\n42\n69\n785\n306\n1,036\n49\n453\n207\n681\nLangley.. \t\nManle Ridee\t\nMatsqui \t\nMission \u2014\n\u2014\nNicomen\t\n2\n1\n33\n330\n83\n60\n44\n788\n10,080\n1,540\n47\n29\n546\n5,730\n1,054\nPitt Meadows . \t\nRichmond \u2014\nSumas \u2014 \t\n12\n1\nSurrey \t\nTotals\t\n748\n21,237\n12,725\n3\n704\n3\n16\n24\nGreater Okanagan\nOsoyoos\t\nShuswap \t\n220\n40\n30\n4,643\n980\n823\n2,746\n534\n483\n7\n4\n3\n204\n33\n25\n1\n1\n3\n7\nSimilkameen \t\ni\nTotals\t\n290\n6,446\n3,763\n14\n262\n1\n4\no\nKootenay\nCranbrook\t\n4\n22\n17\n9\n51\n248\n580\n267\n410\n1,446\n167\n151\n153\n63\n752\n1\n3\n7\n4\n2\n4\n1\n32\n3\n1\n7\n3\n5\n1\n4\nFernie \t\n13\nGolden .\t\nKaslo \t\n6\n4\nNelson \t\n6\nTotals\t\n103\n2,951\n1,286\n11\n43\n11\n13\n29\nNorthern British Columbia\nAtlin\n...... |\n_\n...... |\nPeace River\nTelegraph Creek\t\nTotals\nVancouver Island\nAlberni |\t\nComox\t\nCowichan 1 \t\n19\n53\n120\n68\n17\n101\n596\n1,317\n3,162\n1,828\n654\n2,908\n334\n737\n1,721\n1,060\n317\n1,755\n9\n8\n36\n13\n7\n53\n9\n9\n8\n35\n61\n29\n10\n38\n13\n11\n1\n2\n9\n23\nNanaimo\t\nNewcastle.. \t\nSaanich\t\nSayward\n26\n10\nSidney-Gulf Islands\t\n22\n29\n634\n449\n341\n244\nSobke-Metchosin\t\n9\nWest Coast\t\nTotals 1\t\n429\n11,548\n6,509\n144\n205\n1\n79\nGrand totals\t\n1,702 J\n45,874\n26,168\n192\n1,289\n1\n38\n43\n145\n1 Premises ungraded where milk is used for private purposes only.\n Z 124\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nAPPENDIX No. 11\nCalfhood Vaccinations in Disease-free Areas\nArea No. and Area\n1. Inonoaklin\t\n2. Nicola\t\n3. Cherryville\t\n4. Alkali Lake-Dog Creek\n5. Greater Horsefly\t\n6. Savona\t\n7. Nehalliston\t\n8. South-west Kootenay\u2014\n9. Princeton\t\n10. Powell River\t\n11. Burton\t\n12. Squamish\t\n13. Gulf Islands\t\n14. Saltspring Island\t\n15. North-west Kootenay....\n16. Southern Interior\t\n17. Pemberton\t\n18. Cariboo\t\n19. McBride .\t\n20. East Kootenay\t\n21. Vancouver Island\t\n22. Kamloops\t\nNon-area\t\nTotals\t\nAPPENDIX No. 12\nList of Licensees\nStock-dealers\nAbbott, W. J. (Abbott & Co.), 436 Sixth Street,\nNew Westminster.\nAdcock, J. F., R.R. 3, Vernon.\nArnold, Ralph G. (Pete), Box 938, Salmon Arm.\nBaird & Co. Ltd. (nominees, T. H. Baird and\nA. E. McClary), foot of Fraser Street, Vancouver 15.\nBaird, J. K., c\/o Baird &Co., Vancouver.\nBaker, H, & Son (nominees, Horace Baker and\nHerbert Baker), 515 East Tenth Avenue, Vancouver.\nBaker, Roger, Loon Lake, Clinton.\nBarry, D. T., 9526 Wilson Road, R.R. 7, New\nWestminster.\nBoulton, Eric D., Gabriola.\nBulman, Jos. O., Claresholm, Alta.\nB.C. Live Stock Producers' Co-operative Association (nominees, J. F. Guichon and R. Y.\nDevick), Drawer 420, Kamloops.\nB.C. Live Stock Producers' Co-operative Association (nominees, R. Hill, Lumby, and K. R.\nChowen, Vancouver), foot of Fraser Street,\nVancouver 15.\nBrisbin, J. H. (see Seed & Pitts).\nBryde, Henry, 1492 Duncan Road, R.R. 11, New\nWestminster.\nBryde, J. H. (see Slomen & Bryde)\nBusch, Wm. E., Ta Ta Creek.\nButterworth, Ernest, 471 Victoria Street, Kamloops.\nButterworth, Fred, Box 437, Kamloops.\nCameron, O. W., Pincher Creek, Alta.\nCampbell, E. D., 141 Third Avenue, Kamloops.\nCariboo Cattlemen's Association (nominees, E. C.\nLeavitt and C. (Slim) Dorin), Williams Lake.\nCarson, E. W., 1590 Howes Road, R.R. 1, Alder-\ngrove.\nCentral Department Store Ltd. (nominees, P.\nPrestwich and R. C. Pomeroy), Fort St. John.\nChung, Henry Y., 350 Island Highway, Victoria.\nCircle \"S\" Cattle Co. Ltd. (nominees Miss B. E.\nSpencer and V. Spencer), Marine Building, 355\nBurrard Street, Vancouver, and Dog Creek.\nCreasey, C. R., Vanderhoof.\nCurrie, Jas. Douglas, Princeton.\nDavidoff (Sr.), N. N., Pincher Creek, Alta.\nDavidson, C. E., County Line P.O.\nDawson Creek Co-operative Shipping Association\n(nominees, E. Wilson and M. McQueen), Box\n2170, Dawson Creek.\nDe Leenheer, Jos. U., R.R. 3, Vernon.\nDiamond \"S\" Ranch Ltd. (nominees, V. Spencer\nand C. B. Erickson), Marine Building, 355\nBurrard Street, Vancouver, and Lytton.\nDoney, Albert, Mount Newton Cross-road, Saan-\nichton P.O.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954\nZ 125\nAPPENDIX No. \\2\u2014Continued\nList of Licensees\u2014Continued\nStock-dealers\u2014Continued\nDoney, O. T., Cowichan Station, V.I.\nDuncan, George, Box 404, New Denver.\nEales, Reginald, 1036 Twentieth Avenue, Calgary, Alta.\nEstrin, Harry, 1825 West Fourteenth Avenue,\nVancouver.\nEdwards, L. G., R.R. 4, Vernon.\nEvans, Frank, Box 177, Armstrong.\nFainstein, Harry, 6064 Cambie Street, Vancouver.\nFitzpatrick, Edward F., Buffalo Creek.\nFlock, Ben, Route 1, Box 51, Oroville, Wash.\nFrolek, Chas., Box 188, Kamloops.\nFrost Auctions Ltd. (nominees, Gowing Frost\nand Stacy G. Frost), Langley.\nFisher, Milton D., Glen Lake, V.I.\nFurgason, A. W., General Delivery, Abbotsford.\nGallagher, H. H., Spences Bridge.\nGibson, J. and J. B. (trading under the name of\nGibson's), Langley.\nGreen, J. H., Box 275, Salmon Arm.\nHaines, A. E., R.R. 1, Abbotsford.\nHaslam, John A., R.R. 2, Nanaimo.\nHassen, Mat, & Sons (nominees, Mat Hassen and\nMat S. Hassen), Armstrong.\nHay Bros, (nominees, K. A. Hay and Wm. A.\nHay), 1598 South-east Marine Drive, Vancouver.\nHogg, Geo. M., Lakes Road, Duncan, V.I.\nHogg, R., Agassiz.\nHolmes, Harold, R.R. 3, Nanaimo.\nHopkins (Jr.), Wm. O., Salmon Arm.\nHook, Reg, R.R. 1, Kamloops.\nHorton, Richard L., and Frayn, C. (carrying on\nbusiness under the firm-name of Vancouver\nDairy Cattle Sales & Exchange), 1753 Westminster Highway, Lulu Island.\nHoy, Foster, 545 Johnston Road, R.R. 14, New\nWestminster.\nHubbard, H. W., 1242 Cordova Bay Road, Victoria.\nHunt, S. E. (Hunt's Auction Marts), 3100 Twenty-\nninth Avenue, Vernon.\nHyndman, Allan W., Box 2018, Skaha Lake,\nPenticton.\nJackson, Geo. P., R.R. 2, Salmon Arm.\nJ. Brothers (nominees, J. MacKie and J. Azanza),\n2584 Yale Road, Langley.\nJohnston, S. S., Salmon Arm.\nJohnstone, C. C, 12 Williams Road North, Chilliwack.\nKamloops Livestock Co. (nominees, L. Turcott\nand A. Pickard), 289 First Avenue, Kamloops.\nKlassen, M., Sardis.\nKlontz, Wm., Box 351, Abbotsford.\nKohler, Herman, R.R. 2, Duncan.\nLanyon, Paul, Courtenay.\nLock, Arthur, R.R. 4, Victoria.\nLock, W. H., Sooke Road, Glen Lake P.O.\nLoudon, Frank R., Oroville, Wash.\nLock, John W., R.R. 1, Chemainus.\nLangton, Jas. C, Clinton.\nMcCook, Lewis, 130 Ninth Avenue North-west,\nCalgary, Alta.\nMcGrath, F. J., 1925 Erskine Road, Victoria.\nMacFarlane, J. B., Dawson Creek.\nMackenzie, C. A., Tulameen.\nMacLaren, D. A. {see Werner & MacLaren).\nMcPherson, A. H., 3917 Cedar Hill Cross-road,\nVictoria.\nMaki, W. O., R.R. 1, Nanaimo. \u00a7\nMarshall, M. W., R.R. 2, Box 252, Kelowna.\nMartens, A. A., Box 27, Yarrow.\nMeltzer, Nat, 2575 West Eighteenth Avenue,\nVancouver 8.\nMerin, Max, 622 East Georgia Street, Vancouver 4.\nMiller, Jos. Dale, Falkland.\nMiller, Trios. A., Williams Lake.\nMission Meat Ltd. (nominees, F. A. Johnstone\nand J. A. Campbell), Box 536, Mission.\nMurray, F. J., Salmon Arm.\nMurphy, W. P., Enderby.\nNeal (Sr.), Robt. E., Nespelem, Wash.\nNobbs, F. C, Dawson Creek.\nNo well, Geo. I., R.R. 1, Agassiz.\nNikkels, B. F., R.R. 2, Victoria.\nOkanogan Livestock Market (nominees, O. Ru-\nbert and A. Stookey), Okanogan, Wash.\nPender graft, T. W., Osoyoos.\nPhillips, T. F., 32, 1490 Laburnum, Vancouver.\nPlacsko, F., Creston.\nPoohachoff (Sr.), John, Rossland.\nPoplack, Max, 561 West Twenty-sixth Avenue,\nVancouver 9.\nPowick, John, Box 144, Kelowna.\nPrince, Louis, Oroville, Wash.\nPulver, W. G., Williams Lake.\nSalmon Arm Meat & Produce Co. Ltd. (nominees,\nG. Askew, Salmon Arm, and D. Askew, Kamloops), Salmon Arm.\nSaville, Jos. L., R.R. 2, Duncan.\nSchamp, Albert, Rayleigh Mount.\nSchneider, Harry H. (trading under the firm-name\nof Mission Auction Stables), Mission City.\nSeed & Pitts Packers Ltd. (nominees, J. H. Bris-\nbin and A. F. Pitts), 430 East Eighth. Avenue,\nNew Westminster.\nShannon, A. M., R.R. 3, Vernon.\nSheline, A., 2181 West Eighteenth Avenue, Vancouver.\nSheline, Geo. A., Box 147, Kamloops.\nSlomen, Harry, and Bryde, J. H., 333 East Hastings Street, Vancouver 4.\nSmith, J. H., Matsqui.\nSmith, Jas. A. (carrying on business under the\nfirm-name of Alexander & Smith Cattle Co.),\nKamloops.\nSmith, Frank E. M., Osoyoos.\nSnider, Harry, 3614 Seventh \"A\" Street West,\nCalgary, Alta.\n Z 126\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nAPPENDIX No. 12\u2014Continued\nList of Licensees\u2014Continued\nStock-dealers\u2014Continued\nStaffen, John F., Berry Road, R.R. 2, Langley.\nStein, J. (nominees, Jos. Stein and David Stein),\n3216 West Seventh Avenue, Vancouver.\nSteiner, Edward, 2599 West Thirty-seventh Avenue, Vancouver 13.\nStriegler, Robt, Riske Creek.\nStuby, R. G., Fort St. John.\nSwanton, G. C, Duncan.\nThomas, Dan, Stelly's Cross-road, R.R. I Saan-\nichton.\nTodd, Douglas H., General Delivery, Kelowna.\nTweddle, H. T., Cawston.\nWarner, Wm. H., 453 East Thirtieth Avenue,\nVancouver 10.\nWatson, Jos. J., Smithers.\nWeightman, Harold, Birch Island.\nWellman, John J. E., R.R. 4, Langley.\nWerner, Adolph, and MacLaren, D. A., 425 No\n5 Road, Lulu Island, R.R., Vancouver\nWhite, L. F., Oliver.\nWiley, R. W., & Sons (nominees, R. W. Wiley\nand A. J. Wiley), Burns Lake.\nWingerd, Curt G., Cloverdale.\nWosk, Bill, 1170 Howe Street (rear), Vancouver 1.\nWosk, Morris, 722 Trans-Canada Highway West\nChilliwack.\nWragg, A. N., Dawson Creek.\nWrayton, A., 2027 Old McClellan Road, Cloverdale, Surrey Centre P.O.\nSlaughter-house Operators\nAdshead, H., R.R. 1, Ladysmith.\nAlberta Meat Co. Ltd., Box 460, Vancouver.\nAllertson, Chris, Bella Coola.\nBailey, Mrs. M., and Fraitzl, M., Nakusp.\nBorsato, Mario, Trans-Canada Highway, R.R. 7,\nLangley.\nBurns & Co. Ltd., foot of Woodland Drive, Vancouver 6.\nButler, E. A., R.R. 1, Abbotsford.\nCanada Packers Ltd., 750 Terminal Avenue, Vancouver.\nCariboo Cold Storage Ltd., Williams Lake.\nCentral Department Store Ltd., Fort St. John.\nCircle \"S\" Cattle Co. Ltd., Dog Creek.\nCity Supermarket Ltd., 930 Rossland Avenue,\nTrail.\nClappison Packers Ltd., Haney.\nCohrs, F. and W. (Fleetwood Cold Storage), 346\nPike Road, R.R. 5, New Westminster.\nCrown Market, Grand Forks.\nCuthill, E. F., Fort St. John.\nDauncey, W. S. (carrying on business under the\nfirm-name of Wilcock's Market), Box 1022,\nCourtenay.\nDe Leenheer, Jos. U., R.R. 3, Vernon.\nDiamond \"S\" Ranch Ltd., Pavilion.\nDoney, Albert, Mount Newton Cross-road, Saan-\nichton.\nDoney, O. T., Cowichan Station, V.I.\nDouglas Lake Cattle Co. Ltd., Douglas Lake.\nDuncan, Geo., New Denver.\nEnderby Meat & Lockers Ltd. (C. Horrex), En-\nderby.\nFardal, O., Quesnel.\nGaven, Richard, R.R. 4, Vernon.\nFisher, M. D., Glen Lake, V.I.\nGordon Meat Market Ltd., 425 Bernard Avenue,\nKelowna.\nGosse Cold Storage Ltd., 1395 Fourth Avenue,\nPrince George.\nHanson, Emil, Nakusp.\nHill, L. L., Quesnel.\nHoy, Foss, 545 Johnston Road, R.R. 14, New\nWestminster.\nHubbard, H. W., 1242 Cordova Bay Road, Victoria.\nHunniford, P. C, 333 Kirkbride Road, R.R. 7,\nNew Westminster.\nJ. Brothers, 2584 Yale Road, Langley.\nJones, E. L., R.R. 4, Langley.\nJohnstone, C. C, 12 Williams Street North, Chilliwack.\nKamloops Meat Co. (registered), Box 437, Kamloops.\nKingsley, W. J. (Delta Cold Storage), Box 42,\nLadner.\nKlontz, Wm., R.R. 1, Abbotsford.\nKohler, H., R.R. 2, Duncan.\nLadner Meat Co. Ltd., Ladner.\nLafond, Jos. T. (Lawrence Meat Market), Dawson Creek.\nLock, J. W., R.R. 1, Chemainus.\nMcGivern, B., R.R. 3, Cloverdale.\nMcLeod's Meats Ltd., 2129 Bose Road, Cloverdale.\nMcGrath, F. J., 1925 Erskine Road, Victoria.\nMaki, W. O., R.R. 1, Nanaimo.\nMarshall, M. W., R.R. 2, Box 252, Kelowna.\nMartens, A. A., Box 27, Yarrow.\nMarriott, T. W., Kaleden.\nMouat Bros. Ltd., Ganges.\nNelmes, W. B. (Rosedale Meat Locker Service),\nRosedale.\nNikkels, B. F., R.R. 2, Victoria.\nNorthern Meats, Dawson Creek.\nPacific Meat Co. Ltd., 8950 Shaughnessy Street,\nVancouver.\nPowick, John, Box 144, Kelowna.\nPratt, Ernest, Thrums.\nPym, W. J., 683 Pacific Highway, R.R. 3, Cloverdale.\nQuist, C. J., Westholme.\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954\nAPPENDIX No. 12\u2014Continued\nList of Licensees\u2014Continued\nSlaughter-house Operators\u2014Continued\nZ 127\nQuesnel Packing Co. Ltd., Quesnel.\nRutland Lockers Ltd., Rutland.\nSalmon Arm Meat & Produce Co. Ltd., Salmon\nArm.\nSaville, J. L., R.R. 2, Duncan.\nSchulz, H. H., Black Creek, V.I.\nSeed & Pitts Packers Ltd., Pitt Meadows.\nShepherd, S., R.R. 2, Cloverdale.\nSkov, Sam, Otter Road South, R.R. 3, Alder-\ngrove.\nSmith, D. D., Huntingdon.\nSpittal, David, Dawson Creek.\nSt. Dennis, R. L., Pouce Coupe.\nStuby, R. G., Fort St. John.\nSwift Canadian Co. Ltd., New Westminster.\nTalarico, A. and G. (Valley Market), Grand\nForks.\nTenbaum, S. (Caribou Meat Packing Co.), Prince\nGeorge.\nVecchio, J. B. (Fairway Meat Market), 384\nBaker Street, Nelson.\nWalkley, Mrs. Louise, Cranbrook. H\nWatson, G. H., 325 Wells Road, R.R. 4, Sardis.\nWeymouth, A. T., Matsqui.\nWhite, L. F. (carrying on business under the firm-\nname of Quality Meats & Lockers), Oliver.\nWhitelock, Leo (Liberty Meat Department), Nelson.\nWrayton, A., 2027 Old McLellan Road, Surrey\nCentre P.O.\nHide-dealers\nAdirim, N., Nanaimo.\nAllertson, C, Bella Coola.\nArmstrong's Department Store Ltd., Merritt.\nBailey, Mrs. M., and Fraitzl, M., Nakusp.\nBarazzuol, P. (agent for Bissinger & Co.), Vancouver.\nBelshaw, D., Merritt.\nBiddlecombe, G. I., Kimberley.\nBissinger & Co., P.O. Box 1005, Vancouver.\nBradley, L. S. (trading under the name of Bradley's Meat Market), 516 Baker Street, Nelson.\nBurns & Co. Ltd., foot of Woodland Drive, Vancouver 6.\nCariboo Cattlemen's Association, Williams Lake.\nCarr, G. H., Creston.\nChung, H. Y., 530 Island Highway, Victoria.\nCompeau, H. E. (trading under the name of\nJohnson's Meat Market), Osoyoos.\nCreston Valley Co-operative Association, Creston.\nDillabough, Geo., R.R. 1, Kamloops.\nEnderby Meat & Lockers Ltd., Enderby.\nFisher, M. D., Glen Lake, V.I.\nFruitvale Locker Storage Ltd., Fruitvale.\nGammie, Alex., Lytton.\nGordon, Ben (carrying on business under the firm-\nname of Gordon's Salvage & Trading Co.), 730\nYale Road West, Chilliwack.\nGosse Cold Storage Ltd., 1395 Fourth Avenue,\nPrince George.\nHalford Hide & Fur Co. Ltd., 10509 One Hundred and Fifth Avenue, Edmonton, Alta.\nHarper, Jas. (agent for J. E. Love & Sons, Calgary), Nakusp.\nHawker, Geo. R., Vanderhoof.\nHenderson, R. B. (agent for Martin & Stewart\n(B.C.) Ltd.), 126 West Third Avenue, Vancouver.\nHendry, Edward (Greenwood Meat Market),\nGreenwood.\nHenson, Robt. A. (carrying on business under the\nfirm-name of Creston Valley Lockers), Creston.\nHocksteiner, Wm. (carrying on business under\nthe firm-name of Pioneer Meat Market),\nOsoyoos.\nInouye, T. (Vernon Tanning & Manufacturing\nCo.), Vernon.\nIronside, G. R. (agent for J. E. Love & Sons),\nBox 233, Calgary, Alta.\nJ. Brothers, 2584 Yale Road, Langley.\nJones, E. L., R.R. 4, Langley Prairie.\nKamloops Meat Co. (registered), Box 437, Kamloops.\nLauren, John (carrying on business under the\nfirm-name of Armstrong Lockers), Box 370,\nArmstrong.\nLafond, Jos. T. (carrying on business under the\nfirm-name of Lawrence Meat Market), Dawson\nCreek.\nLeckie, J., Co. Ltd., 220 Cambie Street, Vancouver.\nLove, J. E., & Sons, 405 Fourth Street East,\nCalgary, Alta.\nMcClounie's Department Store, Falkland.\nMcLeod's Meats Ltd., 2129 Bose Road, Cloverdale.\nMcMynn, C. G., Ltd., Midway.\nMarshall, M. W., R.R. 2, Kelowna.\nMartin & Stewart (B.C.) Ltd., 126 West Third\nAvenue, Vancouver.\nMead, T. R. (agent for Halford Hide & Fur Co.\nLtd.), Edmonton, Alta.\nMeehan, L. O. (Meehan's Meat Market), Revel-\nstoke.\nMiner, M. (agent for Bissinger & Co.), Vancouver.\nMouat Bros. Ltd., Ganges.\nNorthern Meats, Dawson Creek.\nPalmer, Thos. H., Barriere.\nParis Tannery Ltd., 51 West Hastings Street,\nVancouver.\nParker, R. G. (agent for A. Wyman & Co.),\nEdmonton, Alta.\n Z 128\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nAPPENDIX No. 12\u2014Continued\nList of Licensees\u2014Continued\nHide-dealers\u2014Continued\nPinko, R. P., R.R. I Prince George.\nPratt, E., Thrums.\nQuesnel Packing Co. Ltd., Quesnel.\nRebagliati, Geo. A., Lytton.\nReber, U., 13815 Hjorth Road, R.R. 13, New\nWestminster.\nReinertson, C. W., R.R. 1, Summerland.\nSalmon Arm Meat & Produce Co. Ltd., Salmon\nArm.\nSchulz, H. H., Black Creek, V.I.\nScott, Robt. (carrying on business under the firm-\nname of Union Meat Market), 197 Victoria\nStreet, Kamloops.\nSimpson & Lea, 708 Centre Street, Calgary, Alta.\nSpittal, David, Dawson Creek.\nSt. Dennis, R. L., Pouce Coupe.\nStaples, Jas. (carrying on business under the firm-\nname of Maple Leaf Meat Market), Armstrong.\nStuby, R. G., Fort St. John.\nUptigrove, R. H., 3911 Grandview Hiehw\u2122\nNorth Burnaby. * way'\nVecchio, J. B. (Fairway Meat Market, agent for\nJ. E. Love & Sons, Calgary), Nelson.\nVernon Locker Service & Meats Ltd., Vernon.\nWall, J. F., Burns Lake.\nWatson, J. J., Smithers.\nWeightman, H. (agent for J. E. Love & Sons\nCalgary), Birch Island. '\nWheeler, O., Rock Creek.\nWhite, L. F. (carrying on business under the firm-\nname of Quality Meats & Lockers), Oliver.\nWilson, S. A. (Princeton Meat Market), Princeton.\nWosk, Morris (agent for Martin & Stewart (B.C.)\nLtd.), 722 Trans-Canada Highway West, Chilliwack.\nWyman, A., & Co., 10529 One Hundred and Fifth\nAvenue, Edmonton, Alta.\nBeef-peddlers\nBrook, Thos. Wm., Box 75, Chase.\nBailey, Mrs. M., and Fraitzl, M., Nakusp.\nCariboo Meat Packing Co. Ltd., Box 97, Prince\nGeorge.\nDe Leenheer, Jos. U., R.R. 3, Vernon.\nDuncan, Geo., New Denver.\nGordon, L., Castlegar.\nMarriott, T. W., Kaleden.\nPratt, E., Thrums.\nSheline, G., Kamloops.\nShoaf, W. B., Parson.\nWashtock, Q. R., North Bend.\nWeightman, H., Birch Island.\nHorse-slaughterers\nAvis, Harold, Perry Siding, Appledale P.O.\nButler, E. A., R.R. 1, Abbotsford.\nDawson, Robt., R.R. 2, Kelowna.\nFuller, D., R.R. 2, Salmon Arm.\nGregory, A. K., 675 Young Street South, Chilliwack.\nHosko, A., Natal.\nHoy, Foss, R.R. 14, New Westminster.\nJacobsen, E. J., Haney.\nJonson, Axel, Dewdney Fur Farm, Dewdney.\nJoiner, Chas. J., 325 Chilliwack River Road,\nR.R. 2, Sardis.\nMakow, M., 915 Happy Valley Road, R.R. 1,\nVictoria.\nMorris, A. W. E., R.R. 1, Winfield. S\nReese, R. W., Sorrento.\nStaffen, J. F., R.R. 2, Langley Prairie.\nTurner, Geo. T., R.R. 2, Salmon Arm.\nVancouver Rendering Co. Ltd., 1178 River Road,\nLulu Island.\nYerbury, Fred C, Kimberley.\nYerbury, J. H., Lister.\nHorse-meat Dealers (for Animal-food)\nAllison, Robt. and Barnett, Keremeos.\nButler, E. A., R.R. 1, Abbotsford.\nCarson, Ed W., R.R. 1, Abbotsford.\nHoy, Foss, 545 Johnston Road, R.R. 14, New\nWestminster.\nMakow, M., 915 Happy Valley Road, R.R. 1,\nVictoria.\nStaffen, J. F., R.R. 2, Langely Prairie.\nUptigrove, R. H., 3911 Grandview Highway,\nNorth Burnaby. ,\nVancouver Rendering Co. Ltd., 1178 River Road,\nLulu Island.\nHorse-meat Dealers (for Human Consumption)\nBest-bi Food Co, 633 East Hastings Street, Van- Tracy, Glenn E, 1891 Buller Avenue,\ncouver- Burnaby.\nSouth\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954\nAPPENDIX No. 12\u2014Continued\nList of Licensees\u2014Continued\nPermit to Transport Horses for Range Purposes\nZ 129\nAlkali Lake Ranch Ltd, Alkali Lake.\nBostock, Brigadier W. N, Pritchard.\nBostock Ranch Ltd, Monte Lake.\nBowers, G. J, Kamloops.\nBulman, T. A, Kamloops.\nCariboo Land & Cattle Co, Hanceville.\nCecil, Lord Martin, 100 Mile House.\nCircle \"S\" Cattle Co. Ltd, Dog Creek.\nColdstream Ranch Ltd, Vernon.\nColdwell, H. W, Jesmond.\nConner, N. E, Heffley Creek.\nCooper, A. B, Invermere.\nCorbould, D, Rayleigh.\nDevick, F. A, Heffley Creek.\nDevick, R. Y, Heffley Creek.\nDorrell, D. C, Clinton.\nDouglas Lake Cattle Co. Ltd, Douglas Lake.\nDuck, R. M, Kamloops.\nElkhorn Ranch Ltd, Windermere.\nFetterly, V, Okanagan Falls.\nFoley Bros, Brigade Lake.\nForestry Division (C. R. Mills), Nelson.\nFrolek Ranch & Sawmills Ltd, Kamloops.\nFuriak, Mike, Knutsford.\nGottfriedsen, August (Indian), Kamloops.\nGuichon Cattle Co. Ltd, The, Quilchena.\nHorn, W, and Eden, D, 70 Mile House.\nHepburn, J, Chase.\nHysop, Geo. W. D, Chase.\nKamloops Livestock Co, Kamloops.\nKerr, A. H, Clinton.\nLauder, J. W, Quilchena.\nMorrison, S. B, Knutsford.\nNicola Lake Stock Farm Ltd, Nicola.\nPalmer, W. A, Heffley Creek.\nParke, P. A, Cache Creek.\nPollard, J. H, Clinton.\nSt. Joseph's Mission, Williams Lake.\nSteffens, R, Merritt.\nSutton, F. N, Williams Lake.\nThorlakson, T. A, Vernon.\nWalker, B. J, Oliver.\nWatt, J. D, Jesmond.\nWolstenholme, R, Okanagan Falls.\nWotzke, H, Williams Lake.\nPermit to Transport Stallions for Breeding Purposes\nLloyd, W, Port Coquitlam.\n Z 130\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nDistrict\nCariboo\u2014\nWilliams Lake iz,wi\nAlexis Creek, Quesnel, Soda Creek,\nLac la Hache, Clinton, 100 Mile\nHouse, Graham Siding 8,101\nLillooet, Pavilion, Bridge Lake, Lone\nButte 1 >952\nBella Coola \t\nAPPENDIX No. 13\nCattle and Hide Shipments, 1954\nCattle Hides\n563\nKamloops, Nicola, etc.\u2014\nKamloops, Chase 14,216\nNicola 9,142\nAshcroft, Lytton, etc 5,117\nSalmon Arm 837\nSimilkameen\u2014\nPrinceton, Keremeos, etc. 2,748\nGrand Forks, Greenwood 932\n865\n84\n57\n22,684 1,569\n1,446\n355\n156\n896\n29,312 2,853\n159\n921\nDistrict\nCentral British Columbia\u2014\nPrince George, Vanderhoof\nSmithers, etc \t\nBurns Lake \t\nCattle\nOkanagan\u2014\nVernon, Lumby \t\nArmstrong, Enderby .....\nKelowna \t\nPenticton, Summerland\nOliver, Osoyoos ..\nSouth-eastern British Columbia-\nRossland, Crescent Valley\t\nNelson, Creston, etc\t\nCranbrook, Fernie, etc\t\nInvermere, Golden \t\nPeace River\u2014\nFort St. John .\nDawson Creek\nHides\n1,778\n409\n453\n1,526\n104\n5\n2,640\n1,635\n3,303\n2,578\n2,077\n669\n3,380\n1,616\n542\n2,554\n153\n680\n12,007\n5,545\n262\n835\n3,342\n1,105\n950\n823\n1,128\n252\n5,544\n3,153\n141\n3,626\n371\n2,027\n3,680 1,080\n3,767 2,398\nTotals Compared\nDistrict\n1954\nCattle\nHides\n1953\nCattle\nHides\n1952\nCattle\nHides\nCariboo and South\t\nKamloops and Nicola\t\nOkanagan and Similkameen\t\nSouth-eastern British Columbia\t\nCentral British Columbia and Peace River\nTotals\t\n22,684\n29,312\n15,687\n5,544\n6,407\n1,569\n2,853\n6,625\n3,153\n4,033\n79,634\n18,233\n16,784\n24,653\n13,598\n4,392\n3,992\n969\n2,443\n5,777\n3,539\n4,537\n63,419\n17,265\n19,295\n20,679\n9,934\n2,739\n2,727\n55,374\n981\n1,836\n4,990\n3,241\n3,210\n14,258\n DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 1954\nAPPENDIX No. 14\nSouthern Interior Stockmen's Association Cattle Sale, September 1st, 1954\nKind\nHead\nHighest\nPrice per\nCwt.\nLowest\nPrice per\nCwt.\nAverage\nPrice per\nCwt.\nSteers\t\nCows\t\nRegistered cows\u2014\nHeifers\t\nVaccinated heifers.\nCalves\t\nBulls\t\nClub calves\t\nOpen singles\t\nTotals\t\n257\n141\n6\n82\n8\n77\n14\n6\n1\n$19.35\n11.75\n12.00\n16.00\n14.25\n19.10\n13.60\n30.50\n25.00\n$6.60\n4.75\n12.00\n10.85\n14.25\n13.75\n10.25\n25.00\n25.00\n592\n$16.10\n9.21\n12.00\n14.69\n14.25\n17.25\n12.22\n26.83\n25.00\nSecond Sale, October 27th, 1954\nSteers\t\nHeifers\t\nBaby beef.\t\nCalves\t\nStags\t\nCows\t\nBulls\t\nRegistered bulls\nRegistered cows\nTotals..\n246\n182\n16\n384\n2\n162\n8\n3\n1\n$20.75\n14.75\n15.85\n16.25\n11.00\n11.60\n10.50\n$7.00\n8.85\n15.85\n13.00\n11.00\n5.00\n10.50\n1,004\n$15.74\n12.95\n15.85\n14.87\n11.00\n8.16\n10.50\nTotal\nWeight\n218,445\n145,990\n6,645\n58,920\n4,560\n26,985\n19,750\n5,755\n1,050\n488,100\n207,320\n126,175\n8,335\n153,920\n2,115\n163,395\n10,520\n671,780\nZ 131\nTotal Price\n$35,164.51\n13,450.70\n797.40\n8,655.51\n649.80\n4,653.72\n2,413.94\n1,543.99\n262.50\n$67,592.07\n$32,628.15\n16,340.82\n1,321.10\n22,881.81\n232.65\n13,334.19\n1,104.60\n1,285.00\n180.00\n$89,308.32\nEleventh Annual Quesnel Cattle Sale, October 19th, 1954\nKind\nHead\nHighest\nPrice per\nCwt.\nLowest\nPrice per\nCwt.\nAverage\nPrice per\nCwt.\nTotal\nWeight\nTotal Price\nSteers \t\n366\n158\n119\n43\n14\n197\n$18.70\n10.00\n16.25\n9.40\n8.70\n16.00\n$7.50\n3.80\n10.50\n9.30\n7.50\n11.50\n$14.90\n7.52\n12.65\n9.37\n8.32\n14.29\n323,231\n174,566\n84,502\n34,723\n14,797\n75,498\n$48,187.63\n13,130.04\n10,683.62\n3,255.80\n1,231.32\n10,681.04\nCows \t\nHeifers\t\nHeiferettes. \t\nBulls... \t\nCalves \t\nTotals \t\n897\n707,317\n1\n$87,169.45\n Z 132\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nAPPENDIX No. 15\nSeventeenth Annual Cariboo Feeder and Fat Cattle Sale and Show,\nSeptember 1st, 1954\nKind\nHead\nHighest\nPrice per\nCwt.\nLowest\nPrice per\nCwt.\nAverage\nPrice per\nCwt.\nTotal\nWeight\nSteers\t\nCows\t\nHeiferettes\t\nHeifers\t\nCalves\t\nBulls\t\nBull calf\t\nMiscellaneous-\nTotals\n1\n,143\n474\n78\n627\n454\n37\n1\n20\n$35.00\n10.35\n12.60\n14.85\n16.00\n9.50\n10.00\n12.25\n$10.25\n5.50\n10.80\n11.60\n12.50\n9.50\n10.00\n8.00\n2,834\n$15.89\n8.40\n11.56\n13.18\n14.01\n9.50\n10.00\n8.87\n974,231\n464,694\n70,971\n402,107\n149,082\n51,746\n407\n11,385\nTotal Price\n$154,830.25\n39,042.24\n8,208.27\n53,008.95\n20,887.91\n4,915.86\n40.70\n1,010.11\n2,124,623\n$281,944.29\nSecond Sale, November 4th, 1954\nSteers\t\nCows\t\nCalves\t\nBull calves\t\nSteer calves\t\nHeifers\t\nBulls\t\nMiscellaneous-\nTotals\n877\n550\n292\n10\n27\n586\n39\n17\n$20.10\n12.85\n16.25\n12.00\n16.50\n15.00\n9.50\n14.25\n$8.50\n5.35\n8.75\n12.00\n15.25\n10.25\n9.00\n2.00\n2,398\n$16.21\n9.14\n14.42\n12.00\n15.97\n12.75\n9.35\n7.97\n782,442\n549,860!\n104,194!\n4,210\n9,583\n376,122\n53,489\n9,140\n1,889,040\n$126,835.17\n50,758.85\n15,524.88\n505.20\n1,530.03\n47,949.32\n5,001.32\n728.96\n$248,833.73\n1 These figures do not include 6 cow and calf pairs.\nB.C. Live Stock Producers' Co-operative Association, Kamloops Auction Sale,\nNovember 18th, 1954\nKind\nHead\nHighest\nPrice per\nCwt.\nLowest\nPrice per\nCwt.\nAverage\nPrice per\nCwt.\nTotal\nWeight\nTotal Price\nSteers\t\n249\n108\n3\n89\n19\n350\n301\n4\n29\n4\n$18.50\n11.10\n11.85\n14.75\n17.35\n18.35\n15.75\n14.50\n16.60\n10.00\n$9.00\n5.75\n11.85\n7.25\n8.25\n7.35\n6.00\n14.00\n14.00\n9.00\n$15.33\n7.75\n11.85\n12.71\n14.83\n16.39\n13.83\n14.33\n14.84\n9.51\n193,413\n110,128\n2,860\n65,260\n5,180\n161,560\n122,080\n970\n12,920\n5,080\n$29,651.30\nCows \t\nHeifer cows \t\n8,538.38\n338.91\nHeifers\t\nCalves. \t\n8,297.44\n768.39\nSteer calves \t\n26,479.76\nHeifer calves\t\n16,885.62\nHeifer and steer calves\t\n138.00\nBull calves \t\n1,917.07\nBulls. \t\n482.90\nTotals\t\n1 1^6\n679,451\n$93,497.77\n\u25a0\u00bb, \u25a0\"\u2022\u2022\u25a0'\u00ab\nI\n DEPARTMENT OF\nAGRICULTURE, 1954\nZ 133\noo\u00abncoomo\u00bbooo\nt^\nrO\nv><-iNioTi-vo>rit^>ncN\n\u25a0*t\n3\ntH rH r-H rH tH rH rH\n0\\\nrH\nI-H\n1\nO\nH\nCO\nvoo\n\u00a9\nco\nn\nioinmt^cNOn\na\nI-I\ntN\nCO\nCO\nrH rH rH rH rH\nu\nO\nVh\nI\n1\no\nft\n1\nCD\nCO\nCO\nCD\nU\nCO\nV000rHt~-000\\cNrHOrH\n00\nr\no\nQ\noo\u00a9n-\u00bbo\u00a9ov.\u00a9\u00a9oom\nco\n*f-3Ps\nH\nm\nO\nt\"-O\\VOOv.Ov.tNt-~O\\00CO\nm\nCO\nfU\nH\ni\n<\n\u2022*\n1\n\u25a0\n1 \u00a9\n\u00a9\n\u00a3\n\u00ab\n\u00abS o\n3H\nm\nn\ni\u2014\u00bb\nCO\n&\n$\nM\nCD\noomoommcjoo^\nr~-\nm\nCO\nH-l\n\u00a9vot^r^rHvoooo\u00a9\no\\\nvo a\na\n^ vo m ^ in m w n tj>\nOv\nT-H PS\nCD\nrH f^ t-4 rH rH\nw\nPh\"\nd S\nn\nCD\nCO\nCO\nCD\nDIX\nUMBI\no\nCO\n\u00a9r-\u00bb\u00bbnr-ooir>r-t^ov.vo\n\no\nq\nt^^motNOcecNcecN\nrH\n1-4\no\nV\") CO tN fN rH rH rH rH V)\nvo^\nPh\nH\ncs\n* O\ni\n\u2022\u2022H\nm\nAP\nITISH\na\n#\n3\no\nI\nSo\ncdH\n\u00a9 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !\nCO ! ! I i 1 1 1 ! !\n\u00a9\nCO\na\n*\nPQ\n09\n\u2022-H\nX\n\u2022\u00bbH\no\n1\n\u2022iH\nCD\n\u2022 1\np\nT3\nCD CO\n1\nPh 8\ni T)\ntn\ni\n^H\n! I ! i ! III!\n1\nco\nO\n>-*\nr-rl\n1\nO\nU\n1\nw\ni\n\u00a9 \u00a9 \u00a9 !\n\u00a9\n\u2022\n\u00a9 \u00a9 \u00a9 1\n\u00a9\n*o\nrt 0\\ Tf 1\n\u00a3\nCD\nHH\nCD\n1\ni\nI\nT\"H\n0\no'\n\u00a3\nCO\nr- co \u00bbn cn\nr-\nm\ni\nrH i-H rH\nTf\nO\no\nH\n>H\n1\n1\nR\n3\nc\/3\n1\no\nCO\n2\nO\ni\n>\nVh\nCV\n>>\n11\n*\u2014\nV.\nE\nrS J\ncd *tr\n=\nc\ncti\nPh\n15\n3\ni\n\u00bb2\ni-i\n>\n, 5\na\n<\no\n Z 134\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nON\nH\nco\nrH\nm\n1\n\u00ab\nO\nH\nU\nO\no\nH\nH\nco\nrH\nco\nPh\no\nH\nI\nr-1\nW\nPQ\ni\n1\no\np\nX 5\n33 CO\n1\nHH\no\nI\nW PQ\nCO\n1\nl-H\ni\ni\ni\ni\n17D\n\u00ab5\nO\no\nh\nZ\nW\nw\n>\no\npj\nv72\nCO\no\nPh\nX\nw\n3 \u2022 rl\nOPh o\no\nCO\n\u20223\n->\nTj CM\ncdO\nr^i CD\nPh\nd\n3 co\n3 co\nJ_l *M\ntso CD\nCPh\nOPh\n12 \u00ab\n3 co\nOP<\nCD\nd\nCD\nCD\nPh\ncN\n6\nd\nCD\nCD\nPh\no\n3\nO\nrO\nh-l\nCO\n3\nO\nH\nh-l\nCO\n3\nO\nH\nJO\nHH*\nCO\n3\nO\nH\ni-l\nCO\n3\nO\nH\n5\nCO\n3\nO\nH\nrO\nr-1\nCO\na\no\nH\n\u00a9\nTt\nVO Tt\nCO VO\nCO CO\ni\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\n\u00a9 \u00a9 \u00a9 \u00a9 \u00a9 I \u00a9\nVO Tt (N CO CN ! Tt\n00 VO ON VO rH I CN\n\u00a9 \u00a9\nOS \u00a9\n00 vo\nCO CO VO Tt f-\nrH 00 VO rH rH\noo vo\n\u00a9 \u00a9 tN oo\nco cn co vo\n\u00a9 \u00a9\n\u00a9 \u00a9\n\u00a9 \u00a9\n\u00a9 \u00a9 \u00a9 \u00a9\n\u00a9 *n co \u00a9\ncN Tt r- co\n\u00a9\nCO\n\u00a9COTtrHCO\u00a9rHf-CO\nVOrH>nCNVOTt\u00a900ON\nvo vo cn oo fN Ov co\n\u00a9 \u00a9\n\u00a9 rH\noo vo\nr* oo\nCO ON\nVO Tt\n\u00a9 \u00a9\n33\nvo fN\n3t fN\n\u00a9 on\nTt CO\n\u00a9 \u00a9 \u00a9 \u00a9 \u00a9\nco m cN \u00a9 on\nvo vo Ov vo vo\n\u00a9 \u00a9\nr- \u00a9\nvo \u00a9\n00O\\CN00rHrHVO\u00a9VOt>\nTtf-TtTtTtfNrH\nTtVOcNvOlncOrHt-.CO00\n(Nmo\\MHiriHMH\\o\nfN\nfS\nVO VO\n\u00a9 vo\nvo i>\n\u00a9\nCO\n00 vo\nfN Tt\nCO\nVh eg -i\nS S'S- \u25a0\nS o,\u2122 ex ^ 5\nen\n. 3\nu\nCD\nrO\ng\nCD\nCD\nCO\nTt CO\nvo vo\nON On\nJh Vh\nCD CD\nrO rO\nO O\n\u2022M +->\no o\nOO\n\u25a0\nVh Vh\nCCt CCj\n3 3\n3 3\n3 CO\nh-> h-\u00bb\nCO CO\n1\u2014I T-H\no\nH\no\nH\nVh\nCD\no\nCD\no\nr-1\no\nH\nPQ\nr-1\no\no\nco\nPh\nPQ\nm\nCO\no\nu\nCO\ncdO\ng*d\n vo oo \u00abn Tt Tt co rl cn\n6000000006\nTtTtTt(NO0TtTf5TtvO\nvocot-vo(Nr-T>vo^>o\nfS\u00bbnt>COf<|TtVOVO00rH\nCOCOCOr-OOCOrHOOVOcN\n>o 00\n>o o\ncn ON\nTh vo\n\u2022O Tf\nP \u00a9\nvo t^\n8\u00a9\n\u00a9\no o\no \u00a9\nvo o\n\u00a9\u00a9t^ONOlOrHVOrtrH\nTtCOCOrHCOrHCOCS(STt\nrO\nr-1\nCO\n3\nO\nH\nh-l\nCO\n3\nO\nH\nH-l\nCO\n3\nO\nH\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\nTt\n0\\ TH\n00 \u00a9\nvo >o\n\u00a9o\n\u00a9Tt\nVO00\nO to\nvo t^\nON 00\n* ft\nCN CO\n2 3\nTt ON\ntH (^\nTt Tt\n>n \u00a9\nrH CO\n\u00a9\nfN\n\u00a9O\u00a9\u00a9\u00a9\u00a9\u00a9\u00a9\u00a9\n\u00a9\u00a9\u00a9\u00a9\u00a9\u00a9QO\u00a9\n\u00a9l>VO\u00a9COONC3NCNrH\n>n\u00bbMHHi\u00bbf>rt\u00abim\noo\u00a9T-HCNTtoocsco\u00a9r\u00bb\nvorH00Tt\u00a9coninTt\n>o \u00a9\nvo o>\nvo\n\u00a9\u00a9\n\u00a9 cN\nt*> 00\nCO c>\n\u00a9o\nlO^Tt\n>.\nVh\nC<3\n3\nVh\nC\u00ab\n3\nu\nVH\nI\n\u20229\n! Tt CO\n>o \no o\n99\n>>>\u00bb\n\u00abH H\nd rt\np 3\ns i\ncd 8\n\u25ba->>->\nv^v^\n!\/l C\u00ab\nrH rH\nJj <33\n^ \u00a3\n0 o\nHH\n\nO\n00\n\u00a9\nft\nIf)\ni\n0\n0\nh3\ncfl\n\u2022H\nH-l\n\u2022H\nH\nffl\n0\ntH\nHH\n3\n0\nH\n0\nPh\n0\ncfl\n00\nV*\n0\ncfl\n0\nH\n VICTORIA, B.C.\nPrinted by Don McDiarmid, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty\n1955\n760-455-5292\n ","@language":"en"}],"Genre":[{"@value":"Legislative proceedings","@language":"en"}],"Identifier":[{"@value":"J110.L5 S7","@language":"en"},{"@value":"1955_V03_07_Z1_Z134","@language":"en"}],"IsShownAt":[{"@value":"10.14288\/1.0367804","@language":"en"}],"Language":[{"@value":"English","@language":"en"}],"Provider":[{"@value":"Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library","@language":"en"}],"Publisher":[{"@value":"Victoria, BC : Government Printer","@language":"en"}],"Rights":[{"@value":"Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia","@language":"en"}],"SortDate":[{"@value":"1955-12-31 AD","@language":"en"},{"@value":"1955-12-31 AD","@language":"en"}],"Source":[{"@value":"Original Format: University of British Columbia. Library. Law Library. J110.L5 S7","@language":"en"}],"Title":[{"@value":"Department of Agriculture FORTY-NINTH ANNUAL REPORT 1954","@language":"en"}],"Type":[{"@value":"Text","@language":"en"}],"Translation":[{"@value":"","@language":"en"}],"@id":"doi:10.14288\/1.0367804"}