{"@context":{"@language":"en","AIPUUID":"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/terms#identifierAIP","AggregatedSourceRepository":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/dataProvider","AlternateTitle":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/alternative","CatalogueRecord":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/isReferencedBy","Collection":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/isPartOf","Creator":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/creator","DateAvailable":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/issued","DateIssued":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/issued","DigitalResourceOriginalRecord":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/aggregatedCHO","Extent":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/extent","FileFormat":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/format","FullText":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2009\/08\/skos-reference\/skos.html#note","Genre":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/hasType","Identifier":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/identifier","IsShownAt":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/isShownAt","Language":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/language","Provider":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/provider","Publisher":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/publisher","Rights":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/rights","SortDate":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/date","Source":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/source","Title":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/title","Type":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/type","Translation":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/description"},"AIPUUID":[{"@value":"7482382c-4b82-4754-b244-82e763451c01","@language":"en"}],"AggregatedSourceRepository":[{"@value":"CONTENTdm","@language":"en"}],"AlternateTitle":[{"@value":"REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH","@language":"en"}],"CatalogueRecord":[{"@value":"http:\/\/resolve.library.ubc.ca\/cgi-bin\/catsearch?bid=1198198","@language":"en"}],"Collection":[{"@value":"Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia","@language":"en"}],"Creator":[{"@value":"British Columbia. Legislative Assembly","@language":"en"}],"DateAvailable":[{"@value":"2017","@language":"en"}],"DateIssued":[{"@value":"[1951]","@language":"en"}],"DigitalResourceOriginalRecord":[{"@value":"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/collections\/bcsessional\/items\/1.0342767\/source.json","@language":"en"}],"Extent":[{"@value":"Foldout Map: SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH DEPT. OF HEALTH & WELFARE PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Showing REGIONS - DISTRICTS OFFICES - MUNICIPAL OFFICES","@language":"en"}],"FileFormat":[{"@value":"application\/pdf","@language":"en"}],"FullText":[{"@value":" PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA\nAnnual Report of\nThe Social Welfare Branch\nof the Department  of\nHealth and Welfare\nFor the Year ended March 31st\n1950\nVICTORIA, B.C.\nPrinted by Don McDiarmid, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty\n1950  Victoria, B.C., December 7th, 1950.\nTo His Honour Clarence Wallace,\nLieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia.\nMay it please Your Honour:\nThe Annual Report of the Social Welfare Branch of the Department of Health and\nWelfare for the year ended March 31st, 1950, is herewith respectfully submitted.\nA. D. TURNBULL,\nMinister of Health and Welfare.\nOffice of the Minister of Health and Welfare,\nParliament Buildings, Victoria, B.C. Social Welfare Branch,\nVictoria, B.C., December 7th, 1950.\nThe Honourable A.D. Turnbull,\nMinister oj Health and Welfare, Victoria, B.C.\nSir,\u2014I have the honour to submit the Annual Report of the Social Welfare Branch\nfor the year ended March 31st, 1950.\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour obedient servant,\nE. W. GRIFFITH,\nDeputy Minister of Welfare. TABLE OF CONTENTS\nPage\nLetter of Transmittal .-.       3\nLetter of Transmittal :  4\nLetter of Transmittal  7\nAssistant Director of Welfare  9\nRegional Administration\u2014\nRegion I  14\nRegion II .-.  15\nRegion III  16\nRegion IV  17\nRegion V  19\nResearch Consultant  22\nFamily Division\u2014\nSocial Allowances  23\nMothers' Allowances 1  31\nFamily Services  37\nChild Welfare Division \u25a0.  45\nOld-age Pension Board  59\nMedical Services Division  82\nInstitutions\u2014\nBoys' Industrial School  84\nGirls' Industrial School  92\nProvincial Home   98\nWelfare Institutions Licensing Board  101\nSocial Services, Division of Tuberculosis Control  108\nSocial Services, Division of Venereal Disease Control  110\nPsychiatric Division\u2014\u2022\nSocial Services, Provincial Mental Hospital  111\nSocial Services, Provincial Child Guidance Clinics  112  SOCIAL WELFARE\nBRANCH\nOEPT. OF HEALTH &W\u20acLFAR\u00a3\nPROVINCE OP BRITISH COLUMBIA\nREGIONS -DISTRICT OFFICES -\nMUNICIPAL OFFICES\nL-EOEND-\n\u00ae  REGIONAL HEADQUARTERS    0 MUNICIPAL OFFICES\n(AND DISTRICT   OFFICS}\n#   DISTRICT OFFICES\n(AMA LOAMATEO)\n+ MUNICIPAL OFFICES\nGENERAL ADMINISTRATION...\nDIRECTOR OF WELFARE.      ASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF WELFARE\nRESEARCH CONSULTANT. TRAINING SUPERVISOR.\nDIVISIONAL STAFF...\nFAMILY DIVISION       Frovincbl Supervisor\nSocial Workers\nCHILD WELFARE      Superintendent f. Deputu      a\nDIViSIOpT Supervisors 4\nSocial Worker i\nOLD AGE PENSION    Provinciol Supervisor f\nBOARD Social Worker I\nMCOICAL SERVICES\nDIVISION Director\nMVCHIATRC DIVISION Provinciol Supervisor\n(?WH_t S\u00bbc_j_s.jr Z>yt\u00a3.) r\nMENTAL HOSPITAL Supervisors\nSocial Workers\nchild 6UIDAHCI clinics    Clinic Supervisor\nSocio! Workers\n2\n13\nI\n6\nT.B.i-V.DDIVISIONS D    .    . , ,\nr *__**. e__^cjc) Provincial Supervisor I\nT.B- DIVISION Sociol Workers 8\nV. D. Division       Supervisor I\nSociol Workers 2\nBQVS't, GIRLS'\nINDUSTRIAL SCHOOL Social Workers\nFIELD STAFF\nREGION I.   \u00a3\u00a3'?NAL AD\"\"NI&\u2122*T\u00b0R\neld consultant\nDistrict supervisors\nSocial  workers\nprovincial district offices    3.\namalgamated municipal offices\u2014.\ngase load 8,870.\n3\n12\nREGION 2        RE&'0NAL ADMINISTRATORS\n2\n\u2022     FIELO CONSULTANT I\nDISTRICT  SUPERVISORS 5\nSOCIAL WORKERS Hi.\nPROVINCIAL DISTRICT OFFICES 0.\nAMALGAMATED MUNICIPAL OFFICES 7.\nCASE LOAD    26,877.\nttVCrXCSU *\u00bb\u00ab     REGIONAL ADMINISTRATOR\nrscvriwn o.   TIEUO constant\nDISTRICT SUPERVISOR 3\nSOCIAL WORKERS 19\nPROVINCIAL  OISTRICT OFFICES 5.\nMUNICIPAL OFFICES \u2666.\nCASELOAD   5,334.\nCPAlftll _L     REGIONAL ADMINISTRATOR\ni\"*-.\"\u2014' IWH T.   FIELD CONSULTANT I\nDISTRICT  SUPERVISORS 3\nSOCIAL   WORKERS 14\nPROVINCIAL DISTRICT OFFICES 7\nREG\"!0N5      REGI?NAL ADMINISTRATOR\n\u2022   DISTRICT SUPERVISORS\nSOCIAL WORKERS\nPROVINCIAL DISTRICT OFFICES 6\nZ\n12\n^ PROVINCIAL MUNICIPAL\nVm     OFFICES    42\nBRITISH     COLUMBIA\nDEPARTMENT of LANDS  and  FORESTS\nHonour.hie  _    T    K.tnntY.  Miniiltr'\n_\u2014T   L\n58\u00b0\n56\u00b0\n54\u00b0\n136*\n134\u00b0\n132*\n130\u00b0\n128\u00b0\n126\u00b0\n124\u00b0\n122\u00b0\n120\u00b0\nnr\n116\u00b0 REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH\nE. W. Griffith, Esq.,\nDeputy Minister of Welfare.\nSir,\u2014I have pleasure in submitting the Annual Report of the Social Welfare Branch\nof the Department of Health and Welfare for the year ended March 31st, 1950.\nIn this Report for the first time will be found annual reports of the five Regional\nAdministrators outlining the work of the Branch in their respective regions. The divisions of the Branch have, of course, responsibility for the proper administration of the\nProvince's social legislation, but it is the field operation which actually brings the benefit\nof that legislation to the people whom it was meant to serve. It seems only appropriate,\ntherefore, that this important aspect of the work be included in the report of our activities\nfor the year. The reports of the Regional Administrators indicate the social and economic conditions that have a bearing upon the work of our Branch in the separate parts\nof this vast Province and portray to some extent the conditions under which our social\nworkers carry out their duties in the rural areas.\nA map of British Columbia is also included in this year's Report. On it are shown\nthe regional boundaries and the location of municipal and district social welfare offices.\nA study of this map well illustrates the extent of the services given by our Branch. It\nwill also be noted that offices are located in centres accessible to the large majority of our\ncitizens. This should prove beyond doubt, I believe, that the welfare of the people in\nthis Province is a major concern of our Government and of our Branch in particular.\nThe generalized service given by our staff, in which the professional knowledge and skills\nof our social workers are utilized with respect to all social problems arising within the\nterritory to which each is assigned, is another factor of our rural service which bears\nreiteration. Not only is this generalized work economical from an administrative point\nof view, but it has proved to be decidedly beneficial in that the total family, rather than\nparts of it, can be given rehabilitative case-work services by one professional worker\nrather than by several specialists.\nThe nature of professional case-work service has always been difficult to define.\nHowever, the section of the Family Division report devoted to family services aptly\nillustrates by means of well-disguised case examples some of the problems which arise\nto threaten stable family life and the way in which case-work treatment is given to preserve\nit. This method is, of course, not restricted to family services but is used in all areas\nof the generalized service. Other divisions have also this year illustrated the values\naccruing from professional services, and for these reasons this Annual Report may be\nsaid to be a more thoroughly interpretive document than those which have preceded it.\nIt should, I believe, give the reader a somewhat better understanding of professional\ncase-work services.\nAs the report of the Assistant Director of Welfare reveals, this has been a year of\nreaching toward a higher level of staff competence and effectiveness partly by means of\nthe expert work of our Field Consultants. The wisdom of decentralized supervision\nhas also been conclusively proved in this year. Decentralization of supervision imposed\nadditional responsibilities on Regional Administrators, district supervisors and workers,\nbut these have been assumed with greater ease as facilitating administrative procedures\nhave now been well established. The co-operation received from municipalities during\nthe year has been a source of satisfaction. The cordial relations established between\nmunicipal officials and our Regional Administrators has done much in advancing a\nmutual understanding and uniformity of practice in social welfare matters. R 8 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nThroughout the reports of the divisions I think there will be found evidence of\na professional vitality and a growing unity of purpose among our staff toward achieving\nthe fundamental objectives of our Branch\u2014the rehabilitation and restoration of individuals and families to a self-dependent, self-respecting, satisfying, and useful way of\nlife. It is with gratitude that I acknowledge the splendid endeavours of every member\nof our staff toward attaining these objectives.\nRespectfully submitted.\nC. W. LUNDY,\nDirector oj Welfare. REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 9\nASSISTANT DIRECTOR OF WELFARE\nI beg to submit the following report for the fiscal year 1949-50:\u2014\nThe year under review might be characterized as a plateau in the development of\nthe services of the Social Welfare Branch. There have been no new major undertakings,\nbut rather the staff have learned to use, with greater ease and more accuracy, the established administrative procedures and policies of the Branch. This familiarity with the\nmore routine aspects of the work has permitted more time and thought to be given to the\nquality of the staff's professional services, and the results have been commensurate with\ntheir efforts.\nThe appointment of three Field Consultants at the beginning of this fiscal year provided three necessary safeguards to our plan of decentralization. One of these controls\nis that of providing our district supervisors with expert counsel in the matter of improving\ntheir skills in case-work supervision. In addition, the surveys the Consultants undertook\nof case-loads during the year gave invaluable direction with respect to overcoming the\nbacklogs of work which our field staff have been too pressed to deal with effectively\nthemselves. In both these respects the Consultants have made good progress in their\nfirst year of work.\nThe second safeguard provided by the Consultants is that of bridging the gap,\ncreated by decentralization, between the divisions and the field staff. During the year\nthe Consultants have met as a group with each divisional head to discuss the problems\nthe field staff encountered in implementing the division's policies or in maintaining the\nstandards set by the divisions. In turn, the divisions have interpreted their difficulties\nwith the field staff and have given their counsel with respect to raising standards. This\nliaison will inevitably result in a mutual confidence being established between the divisions\nand the field.\nThe third controlling factor, and perhaps the most important, is that the Consultants\nare responsible directly to the General Administration of the Branch. Their tasks of\nguiding the district supervisors and in acting as liaison between field and divisions are\nbrought to the Branch Administration, thus ensuring that its members are appraised of\nthe whole Branch operation and of the problems encountered. This function of the\nConsultants also has proved to be effective in this first year of their work.\nCASE-LOADS, STAFF, AND DISTRICT OFFICES\nA few brief comments are necessary with respect to the tables of figures appearing\nbelow. The increase in case-load\u2014that is, the total number of families served in this\nyear\u2014was over 4,000, and the increase in the separate classifications of services given to\nthe total, or \" shared services,\" was just under 6,000. The increase in staff to meet\nthese ever-growing social needs was only 18, although there were actually 59 appointments made during the year, 41 being replacements. Of the 18 additional staff, 13 were\nplaced in the field offices, and 5 in divisions, clinics, and institutions. This makes the\naverage case-load carried by the field staff over the 300 average reported last year.\nObviously, a social worker who has responsibility for giving many different direct\nservices to such a large number of families cannot do a wholly adequate job with all of\nthem. The solution would appear to be the appointment of a sufficient number of staff\nto keep pace with the steady rise in the number of individuals and families needing and\nseeking services. However, inasmuch as Government policy has this year restricted for\nthe ensuing year any further expansion of any part of the Civil Service without complete\njustification, it suggests that all other means of strengthening our existing staff must be\nmade in the coming year.\nFor one thing, it must be possible to demonstrate that no wasteful motions exist in\nany part of the Branch and that administrative procedures are as simple as legal requirements will permit.    Such stream-lining measures to effect economies generally, but par- R  10\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nticularly in the wise use of staff we now have, were under constant consideration in the\npast year. The revised and simplified methods of statistical reporting were put into\neffect and a new Office Manual issued. Suggestions advanced in the last month of the\nyear by the Regional Administrators for the simplification of certain divisional policies\nwill be given every consideration in the new year.\nStability of staff is another important factor in ensuring consistently high performance. Although the number of resignations exceed those of last year (by two),\nthere is, nevertheless, a steadily growing number of social workers with several years of\nexperience with the Branch to their credit. Though 71 of our staff this year have only\none or two years of experience, 68 have from three to five years, and 52 have from six to\nfifteen years. This weighting toward more experienced people suggests a growing\nstability and hence a greater all-round competence in our staff as a whole.\nAdd to these factors the devotion of the staff to their work, their professional growth\nthrough direct supervision and other staff development measures, and it can be said that\nthe responsibilities of the Branch have been met better than ever before in spite of\nincreased case-loads.\nA critical study of the following comparative tables of figures, while revealing total\nnumbers of individuals and families served, does not reveal the nature of the professional\nservices given. For a proper understanding of problems presented and ways of treating\nthem, the reports of the divisions must also be studied. The conclusions to be drawn\nafter such study can only be that more staff, with the highest possible professional education, is required to meet adequately the social needs of the people of this growing prosperous Province, as the utmost is being done to ensure that the staff we now have is\nbeing used to the optimum of their abilities and skills.\nCase-loads Carried by the Field Service Staff\nMarc'l 31st, 1949\nNumber of\nFamilies\nServed\nNumber of\nCategorical\nServices\nGiven\nMarch 31st, 1950\nNumber of\nFamilies\nServed\nNumber of\nCategorical\nServices\nGiven\nSocial Allowance\t\nMothers' Allowance \t\nFamily Service  \t\nOld-age Pension.  \u2014\nChild Welfare    \t\nTuberculosis Division \t\nVenereal Disease Division.\nMental Hospital      \t\nChild Guidance Clinic\t\nHospital Clearance\t\nWelfare Institutions\t\nProvincial Infirmary\t\nCollections     \t\nProvincial Home\t\nTotals  \t\n8,472\n685\n1,302\n25,266\n3,022\n39\n228\n11\n26\n96\n7\n54\n9.045\n704\n1,327\n26,655\n3,125\n290\n322\n29\n39\n105\n21\n85\n39,208\n41,747\n10,010\n646\n1,246\n27,793\n3,272\n9\n289\n8\n9\n155\n4\n57\n1\n10,746\n657\n1,254\n30,462\n3,400\n348\n323\n27\n24\n163\n17\n106\n4\n43,499\n47,531\nStaff\nApril 1st, 1949\nMarch 31st, 1950\nMen\nWomen\nTotal\nMen\nWomen\nTotal\n48\n6\n72\n120\n6\n57\n6\n76\n133\n6\n54\n6\n72\n42\n126\n48\n63\n5\n76\n48\n139\n53\n60\n2\n114\n6\n174\n8\n68\n3\n124\n5\n192\n8\n62       1       120       I       182\n71        I       129\n200 REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 11\nOf the 59 appointments made during the year, 38 were professionally trained social\nworkers, and the remainder were given in-service training.\nDistrict Offices\nTwo new offices were opened during the year to meet the social needs in rapidly\nexpanding communities\u2014one in Westview and one in Haney. The total number of\nsocial welfare offices in the Province at the end of this year was as follows:\u2014\nProvincial   29\nMunicipal    13\nTotal   42\nThe 13 municipal offices are staffed by a total of 106 social workers, 46 of whom\nare Provincially appointed and paid. Together with the field service staff in the 29\nProvincial district offices, the total number of staff in these 42 offices is 204. This is\nexclusive of the staff of social workers in Provincial hospitals, clinics, and institutions,\nand in divisions, who number 56.\nBURSARIES\nA system of bursaries to assist staff members to obtain professional training was\ninaugurated in this year. The in-service trained staff member having three years' experience with the Branch, and whose evaluation reveals merit, may receive a grant paid in\nmonthly instalments during the university year. The amount of the grant for a staff\nmember with dependents is double that for one without dependents, which fact governs\nthe number of bursaries which may be awarded in any one year. Only one bursary was\nawarded in this year, largely owing to the newness of the scheme. The awards are made\non the recommendation of a Bursary Committee, chaired by the Assistant Director, which\nconsidered many applications for the ensuing year.\nA second type of bursary established this year is that of providing leave with pay\nfor supervisors having six years' experience with the Branch. These are for short periods\nof study, usually in the summer months at universities giving short intensive courses.\nTwo supervisors were granted this help in the past year.\nThe purpose of these schemes of helping the staff to obtain basic professional education, or further training in the case of supervisors, is, of course, to increase their competence and the quality of their work. Those benefiting are required to sign a contract\nagreeing to remain with the Branch for a period of two years following their training,\nand the results should be beneficial in the ensuing years.\nPLANNING COUNCIL\nThe Planning Council of the Branch\u2014all heads of divisions and Social Service\nSupervisors of Provincial clinics, hospitals, and institutions\u2014continued during this year\nto study matters related to the Branch as a whole. Committees were struck to study in\ndetail such subjects as annual reports, bursaries, staff evaluation, job definitions, policy\nmanual revision, special staff-training schemes, and so on. In addition, many matters\nwere referred by the Deputy Minister to the Council for study. The value of this\nco-ordinating body has again been well substantiated.\nIN-SERVICE TRAINING\nOnly one in-service training course was conducted during this year to augment the\nstaff. Eleven people were given training in this way, the majority of them holding the\nB.A. degree. Each had a minimum of two months' experience in a district office learning\nthe separate parts of the work of the Branch, step by step.    This preparatory learning R 12 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nperiod was followed by the usual four weeks' intensive course of lectures in Vancouver,\nconducted under the Training Supervisor's direction.\nIn addition, an eight-day training course was arranged for the staffs of the Boys'\nand Girls' Industrial Schools, when seven counsellors from the former and three from the\nlatter participated. This training plan proved most successful and is part of the new\nemphasis on treatment being placed on the work of our Industrial Schools. This course\nalso was conducted under the Training Supervisor's direction, lecturers being drawn from\nthe Branch, the Child Guidance Clinic, School of Social Work, and Probation Service.\nOther similar courses are planned in the next year to provide for the remainder of the\nstaffs of both schools.\nPUBLICATION, FILM, AND LIBRARY\nBritish Columbia's Welfare continued to provide educational material for the staff\nin the twelve numbers issued this year. Circulation increased to 775, and its many\nreaders outside the Branch and from other parts of Canada and the United States have\nindicated their interest in it as an interpretive medium. This bulletin is edited, and much\nof its content prepared, by the Training Supervisor.\nThis year the National Film Board made a documentary film on the work of the\nBranch, and its premiere is scheduled for June, 1950, during the Vancouver meeting of\nthe Canadian Conference on Social Work. The research, direction, and production of\nthis film was done by Mr. Leslie MacFarlane. The utmost co-operation was afforded\nMr. MacFarlane by the Assistant Director and Training Supervisor, and members of the\nstaff selected to play the parts of social workers in the film's stories gave willingly of their\nleisure time during the filming itself. This film will do much to interpret the work of the\nBranch, and its release is eagerly awaited.\nThe library continued to be used frequently, and ways and means of bringing its\nadvantages to the staff in a wider way are currently being worked out by the Training\nSupervisor, under whose jurisdiction the library falls.\nCONFERENCES\nA Conference of Regional Administrators and Field Consultants was called in\nMarch, 1950, during which many matters affecting the field operation were discussed.\nFrom these discussions, pertinent recommendations for effecting economies were made\nby the regional officials, which will be implemented as far as possible in the next year.\nThe Western Regional Conference, comprised of social workers from Manitoba,\nSaskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia, was held in Victoria in May, 1949. Its\npresident was the Deputy Minister of Welfare of British Columbia, and its secretary the\nsupervisor of our Family Division, who was released part time from her normal duties to\ndo the detailed work conferences entail. The benefits of such conferences are great, and\nin the institutes or short courses this Conference provided,, and in the discussions during\nmeetings where pressing social problems were discussed, the fifty-nine delegates from this\nBranch derived a great deal. Following the Conference, the Training Supervisor chaired\nthe Publications Committee, responsible for editing and producing the printed Conference\nProceedings.\nREGIONAL VISITS\nDuring this year, visits were made to two regions. Three days were spent in Region I\nin August, 1949, visiting all offices and meeting staff. A regional conference was called\nin Region V in October, 1949, attended by the Assistant Director and for one day by the\nDirector of Welfare, at which the staff had an opportunity to discuss matters affecting\ntheir work and to have many of their problems thrashed out with members of the General\nAdministration.    Illness  prevented the  Assistant Director's  attendance  at  a  similar REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 13\nregional conference, held in Nelson, of the staff of Region IV, the Director of Welfare\nattending this session.\nUNIVERSITY STUDENTS\nDuring this year, twenty-three students from the Department of Social Work, University of British Columbia, were placed for field work in divisional, district, and municipal offices in and adjacent to Vancouver. In addition, ten students were placed for a\nperiod of four months in six of our district offices covering rural areas. This latter\nmethod of providing field-work training, the \" block \" plan, began in January, 1949,\nand represented a new scheme of student-training worked out by the University's Department of Social Work in co-operation with this Branch and other agencies.\nVISITORS\nTwo holders of fellowships under United Nations auspices were sent to British\nColumbia for observation and study of our methods in social welfare programmes. Dr.\nAntero Rinne, Director of the School of Social Sciences, Helsinki University, and Mrs.\nVirginia de Guia, Vice-Mayor of Bagio City, the Philippines, each spent two weeks\nbetween Vancouver and Victoria. Their itineraries were prepared under the Training\nSupervisor's direction.\nCONCLUSION\nIn conclusion, it should be again stressed that this has been a year of consolidating\nour gains of the past few years, and in this respect the whole staff has worked hard and\nfaithfully. Special acknowledgment must be paid to the Regional Administrators and\ntheir staffs of supervisors, social workers, and clerical workers, for in their acceptance of\nheavy responsibilities under decentralization, they have conducted the affairs of the\nBranch with understanding and high integrity. The next year may see further responsibilities delegated to them, and from all points of view it can be readily seen that these\nwill be in safe hands.\nRespectfully submitted.\nAmy Leigh,\nAssistant Director of Welfare.\n. R 14 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nREGIONAL ADMINISTRATION\nREGION I\nI beg to submit the following report of the activities of the Social Welfare Branch of\nRegion I for the fiscal year 1949-50:\u2014\nThis region incorporates Vancouver Island, the Gulf Islands, the Mainland Coast\nnorth-west from Sarah Point to Boyles Point, and adjacent islands in the area. Region I\ncovers approximately 13,000 square miles and has a population of nearly 200,000 people.\nOf this number, 8,000 families and single persons are cared for by the social welfare staff.\nWithout too detailed a breakdown the following table will show the major categories of\nservices rendered and the number of cases in each category, as at March 31st, 1950:\u2014\nNumber of Number of\nCategories Cases Categories Cases\nFamily Service       160 Child Guidance Clinic .. 1\nMothers' Allowance _       90 Special Services  7\nSocial Allowance   1,719 Tuberculosis    109\nOld-age Pension  6,105 Provincial Institutions _ 128\nChild Welfare       537\nThere are eighteen municipalities in Region I, and a sign of the times, and contributing much to progress in the social welfare field, has been the necessary co-operation\nbetween the Provincial Government and the municipalities. A striving for a pattern of\nuniformity is leading to greater efficiency in the rendering of services. All cases, whether\nresiding in organized or unorganized areas, are receiving more equitable attention. The\nProvincial and municipal social welfare staffs are working as a harmonious team,\nresulting in beneficial co-operation.\nUnder the \" Social Assistance Act,\" municipalities with a population under 10,000\nhave the alternative of carrying out social work with their own staffs, with a sharing of\ncosts in the salaries of social workers, or under a per capita payment arrangement the\nwork may be done by the Provincial Government. All municipalities in the region to\nwhom these provisions apply\u2014eleven in number\u2014have chosen the per capita method,\nwhich encompasses seven cities, three district municipalities, and one village municipality.\nThere are two organized areas with a population of over 10,000 each, and in these two\nareas\u2014Victoria City and Saanich\u2014services are rendered by amalgamated staffs. All\ntold, there are twenty-six social workers actively engaged in the carrying-out of the work,\nand they operate from seven administrative offices which are strategically located so as\nto meet the welfare needs of the people throughout the whole area. Village municipalities\nwith an annual revenue of less than $12,500 are exempt from the provisions of the\n\" Social Assistance Act.\" There are five such villages in the region, and, for purposes\nof welfare services and costs, these areas are considered as part of unorganized territory.\nServicing the islands adjacent to the main island presents a special problem of\ntransportation for our social workers. This problem has been partially overcome by the\noperation of a Government-owned motor-launch. Through the summer months it is\npossible to reach the most isolated localities, but frequent midwinter storms very often\nprevent a complete coverage during that season. The welfare services to the people on\nthese islands are not as complete as that rendered to centres on Vancouver Island, but\nthe weather, time, and expense factors make emergencies wait on the official calling-dates.\nNot only do these adjacent islands present a problem, but there are also many inaccessible\npoints on Vancouver Island which present difficulties equally as great for the social\nworker, particularly the west coast and the northern central part of the Island. In these\nspots a worker must sometimes travel by boat, railroad speeder, perhaps aeroplane, and\nvery often by walking several miles to reach his client who is in need of service. Anyone\nwho knows the coasts of Upper Vancouver Island can appreciate the hazards that must REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 15\nsometimes be met and overcome by the skipper of the welfare boat and the social workers\nin carrying out their duties. Sometimes, in exceptional emergencies, it is necessary to\ncall on the Provincial Police, who have rendered valuable service when conditions make\nit impossible for a social worker to visit the area.\nForestry, coal-mining, and tourist travel are the major industries, with fishing and\ndairy-farming secondary industries. However, some of these industries are more or less\nseasonal, and this fact affects social welfare. The climate also has a direct bearing on\nthe number of cases because a great many old people migrate to this region to take\nadvantage of the mild climate. Approximately 70 per cent of the persons receiving\nwelfare services are on old-age pension. Every winter the ranks of those needing social\nservices are swelled through the slackening of the tourist season, the closing-down of\nfishing, and particularly the shutting-down of the logging camps and lumber-mills with\nall their allied trades. This not only affects the number of social assistance cases, but\nalso greatly increases the number of problem cases. More diversity of industry would\ntend to solve this problem.\nLike all other parts of British Columbia the population of Region I is growing very\nrapidly, and this unquestionably will result in a corresponding growth of need for social\nwelfare services. However, the increased understanding of the general public as to the\nsocial aspects and the increase in the number of persons choosing welfare work as a vocation give evidence that all growing social needs will be adequately and capably met.\nRespectfully submitted. _, T   _,\nE. L. Rimmer,\nRegional Administrator.\nREGION II\nI beg to submit the following report of the activities of the Social Welfare Branch\nin Region II for the fiscal year 1949-50:-\u2014\nThis region covers the Lower Mainland and West Coast of the Province north to\nand including Ocean Falls. Although large areas of unorganized territory lie within the\nregion, less than 2 per cent of the population is located in this territory, while the balance\nis found in municipalities.\nIn order to give an efficient and economical case-work service to all areas, new\noffices have been opened as the need arose. Last year, due to population growths, two\nnew offices were opened. One office at Westview now handles the work in the Westview-\nPowell River area. Another office was established in Haney to handle the social work\nin the municipalities of Maple Ridge and Pitt Meadows, as well as the unorganized\nterritory north of these districts. However, it must be pointed out that these areas were\nnot neglected before the two offices were opened. The Westview-Powell River area\nwas handled from the Court-house, Vancouver, while the Haney area was handled from\nthe Abbotsford office.\nIn this region there is every type of social welfare office which can be established\nunder the provisions of the \" Social Assistance Act\" and regulations. For example,\nthere is one municipality employing one social worker, while another municipality\nemploys forty-six. In the first instance, the Province contributes one-half of the salary,\nwhile in the latter case twenty-three workers are provided. Many other municipalities\nwith a population of less than 10,000, based on the 1941 Census, pay 15 cents per capita\nto the Province for service which is given from Provincial offices. The following is\na breakdown: Provincial offices, 6; municipal offices, 8; municipalities paying per capita\nrate, 16.\nWith this interlocking of welfare services between the municipalities and the Province, co-operation in the general operation has been an essential factor. With this\nco-operation it has been possible to build toward an efficient and uniform service. R 16 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nSeveral municipalities lying adjacent to the metropolitan area are receiving a steady\ninflux of people who have passed their period of production. These individuals, on\nreaching retirement age, are taking their funds and moving to low-rental or low-cost\nland districts. Unfortunately, many of these people have only sufficient money to carry\nthemselves for a year or two. They then apply to the municipality for some type of\npublic assistance. In many cases the local area finds itself responsible for the long-term\ncare of individuals who have actually lived in the district for a comparatively short period\nof time. This may ultimately raise the per capita cost of social services in these areas\nto a higher rate than is applicable throughout the rest of the Province.\nThe Lower Mainland of the Province is the area to which the majority of migratory\nworkers come in the winter off-season when employment ends. During the winter this\ncaused concern to many municipalities that found themselves faced with destitute,\nemployable men who demanded assistance for themselves and families. With no specific\nfunds allotted for the relief of such cases, it proved difficult to alleviate the situation.\nIt was also a contributing factor to the over-all increase in case-load in this region, as\none problem in the home in many instances led to other social maladjustments.\nThere has been a steady, although not an alarming, increase in case-load in the\nregion during the past year. However, the population in the same period increased,\nand thus a corresponding rise in case-load could be expected.\nRespectfully submitted.\nJ. A. Sadler,\nRegional Administrator.\nREGION III\nI beg to submit the following report of Region III for the fiscal year 1949-50:\u2014\nThe geographical area of Region III is that comprised of the Electoral Districts of\nKamloops, North Okanagan, South Okanagan, Revelstoke, Salmon Arm, Similkameen,\nLillooet, and Yale. Approximately 10 per cent of the population of British Columbia\nis resident within this region. The total number of families and individuals given\nservice by the staff of this region in the past year was 5,305, which was an increase of\n669 over the previous year. Of the 5,305 cases, 4,213 were in receipt of one form or\nanother of social assistance, while the balance of 1,092 received services classified under\nthe broad division of family services, child welfare, psychiatric, tuberculosis, and\ninstitutional care.\nDistrict offices of the Branch in this region are located at Kamloops, Salmon Arm,\nVernon, Kelowna, and Penticton, staffed by a total of eighteen social workers. Three\nsupervisors give case-work supervision to this staff, each supervising the work of two\nor more offices. With fourteen clerical workers and the Regional Administrator the\ntotal staff for the region is thirty-six.\nThere are sixteen organized municipalities in this region, four of which have a population of from 9,000 to 12,000, and the others from 1,000 to 3,000. Four of these\nmunicipalities\u2014Kamloops, Vernon, Kelowna, and Penticton\u2014maintain social welfare\ndepartments, staffed in each case by one municipally appointed social worker. Under\nthe terms of the \" Social Assistance Act\" and regulations, the Province pays one-half\nthe salary of these officials, whose duties are limited to the local administration of Social\nAllowances, Mothers' Allowances, Old-age Pensions, and such medical services as are\nrequired.\nA close co-ordination between municipal and Provincial offices has been established,\nand thus a desirable uniformity in administrative methods has been achieved. The\nremaining twelve municipalities pay the Provincial Government on a per capita basis\nfor the services of the Provincial social worker to their citizens. REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 17\nThe population of this region is dependent upon three basic industries\u2014namely,\nagriculture, lumbering, and mining\u2014which provide the bulk of the employment. The\ngrowing tourist industry and newly developed hydro projects both contribute to the\neconomic stability of this region. The agricultural industry, mainly tree and small fruits,\nprovides seasonal employment for many in handling and processing the crops.\nLarge numbers of persons are employed during the fruit season, many of whom\nare not qualified to follow up other work of a heavy nature. In many instances there\nare several members of the family\u2014men, women, and children\u2014engaged during the\nfruit season in the orchards, canneries, and packing-houses, whose combined earnings\nhave been sufficient to support the family throughout the year.\nDuring recent years, owing to the shortage of labour and especially that employed\non a seasonal basis, older persons and many who are partially handicapped have been\nengaged. In the year under review, employers have not hired such people to the same\nextent; this resulted in our Social Allowance rolls increasing approximately 20 per cent\nover the previous year.\nImmediately following the termination of the war, there was a tremendous increase\nin the population of this region, perhaps as much as 30 per cent, and in some of the\ncentres the population actually doubled. Although this meant that new capital was\nbrought in, stimulating business in general, it also created a serious problem in some\nareas, notably the South Okanagan. Many properties in this district were subdivided\nto a point whereby they can hardly now be classed as self-supporting farming units.\nSome of the people who bought these small holdings were formerly Prairie farmers,\nwho have sufficient income to regard their new homes as places to live and not necessarily as means of livelihood. On the other hand, a good portion of these newcomers\nare dependent upon seasonal employment to supplement the returns from their small\nfruit acreage. In short, their income is precarious, and in adverse times they may\nbecome dependent upon social assistance.\nAs for resources in this region, we have in addition to the general hospitals established in the various centres, the Provincial tuberculosis unit at Tranquille, Provincial\nHome at Kamloops, and the Old People's Home in Vernon, also the municipal home\noperated by the City of Kelowna for the caring of elderly people. We have, of course,\nthree Provincial health units, and the services of the cancer, child guidance, and tuberculosis travelling clinics, which make periodical visits to this region. The most recent\nservice inaugurated has been by the Canadian Arthritis Association. Each centre has\nthe usual service clubs.\nThis region should always be a fairly solid district economically owing to its climate\nand diversified resources. We must, however, expect a certain amount of seasonal\nunemployment, as we lack some industry which would absorb in the off-season the class\nof labour which follows up the fruit industry.\nRespectfully submitted.\nF. G. Hassard,\nRegional Administrator.\nREGION IV\nI beg to submit the following report on the activities of the Social Welfare Branch\nin Region IV for the year 1949-50:\u2014\nThe geographical boundaries of Region IV are roughly these: On the west, the\nsummit of the mountains bordering the eastern shores of the Okanagan Lake; on the\nsouth, the International Boundary; on the east, the border between Alberta and British\nColumbia; and on the north, a triangular apex including the populated areas in and\naround the Village of Golden.   Except in the more settled economically stable areas in R 18 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nthe southern and eastern part of the region, where mining activities provide employment,\nthe region is sparsely populated and covers wide distances served by a network of\nmountainous roads which, during the winter months, make travel hazardous for the field\nstaff. The region covers approximately 14,000 square miles of mountainous terrain\n(including the Selkirk, Gold, Cascade, Purcell, and Rocky Mountain ranges) and has an\napproximate population of 80,000.\nTo serve the 6,200 people in Region IV who in this year were in need of services\nfrom the Social Welfare Branch, seven district offices are established. These are in\nNelson (which is also regional headquarters), Trail, Grand Forks, New Denver, Creston,\nCranbrook, and Fernie. A staff of fourteen social workers work out from these offices.\nThree supervisors, located in Nelson, Trail, and Cranbrook, supervise the work of this\nstaff, dividing their time among the seven district offices.\nIn this region there are ten incorporated cities, one district municipality, and eight\nvillage municipalities. In all of these the social welfare needs of the people are met by\nthe Provincial social workers, the municipalities paying the Province on a per capita basis\nfor this work. The necessity of maintaining a close liaison with the municipalities is not\nlessened by this arrangement, rather increased, as it is obviously incumbent upon the\nSocial Welfare Branch to keep the Municipal Councils informed about the needs of their\npeople and how they are being met. The sharing of expenditures between the Province\nand municipalities also demands that the latter approve their share, and constant mutual\ninterpretation is necessary and welcomed. It is gratifying to report that cordial relationships exist between our Branch and the municipal reeves, councillors, and clerks in this\nregion, and that desirable co-operation exists in the matter of establishing uniform\nadministrative methods.\nThe case-load in the municipalities and in the vast stretches of unorganized territory\ncomprises every category of service given by the Branch, heavily weighted with Old-age\nPensions and Social Allowance cases. Many of these latter are still able to do light\nemployment, but this type of work is not available in an area where heavy industry,\npredominates. Although economic conditions are stable and a high level of employment\nis maintained, the type of employment available in this region is such that there is a large\nnumber of. persons in receipt of Social Allowance, the proportion of the case-load,\nexclusive of Old-age Pensions, being about 50 per cent Social Allowance.\nWithin this region are two large minority groups, each being served by the Branch\nin various ways. At New Denver there is a fairly large community of Japanese people\nwho preferred to remain in the area after restrictions on their resettlement were lifted,\nand they receive our usual services. In addition, there is a tuberculosis sanatorium for\nJapanese patients, the administration of which was transferred to the Provincial Department of Health and Welfare in 1948, and the social service requirements on their behalf\nand that of their families are given by the social worker in our New Denver district office.\nThere is also a home for chronically ill and aged Japanese at New Denver.\nThe other large minority group is, of course, the Doukhobors, who, though\ncontributing to the agricultural development of the area, do nonetheless present somewhat\ndifficult social problems because of their communal way of life, their refusal to register\nbirths and deaths, and their general attitude toward education and learning the English\nlanguage. In the two district offices serving the largest population of persons of Douk-\nhobor lineage\u2014namely, Nelson and Grand Forks\u2014approximately 27 V_ per cent of the\ntotal case-load is Doukhobor. In categories the percentage of Doukhobor cases is\napproximately as follows: Family Service\u2014Doukhobor 15 per cent, others 85 per cent;\nMothers' Allowance\u2014Doukhobor 6 per cent, others 94 per cent; Social Allowance\u2014\nDoukhobor 38 per cent, others 62 per cent; Old-age Pensions\u2014Doukhobor 33 per cent,\nothers 67 per cent; \"Children of Unmarried Parents Act\"\u2014Doukhobor 81 per cent,\nothers 19 per cent; T.B.\u2014Doukhobor 58 per cent, others 42 per cent; Provincial Mental\nHospital\u2014Doukhobor 65 per cent, others 35 per cent. REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 19\nThe economic backbone of the whole region is the mining industry. The metals\nmined are gold, silver, lead, and zinc, their prices in world markets determining the\nprosperity of the West Kootenays and of Kimberley in the East Kootenay, the latter the\nscene of the famous Sullivan mine. Smaller mining operations have shown profits in this\nyear, and with the larger companies this has resulted in a constant demand for experienced\nminers, muckers, etc., and the employment picture has thus been good. The Consolidated\nMining and Smelting Company of Canada, Limited, employs around 5,000 people in the\nKootenays and, constantly expanding, will be a source of steady income indefinitely.\nCoal-mining is centred in the Fernie district, producing the largest percentage of coal in\nthe whole Province. Employment is reasonably steady, wages running to $9 and $10\nper day.\nLumbering is another factor in this region's economic prosperity, and though\noperations are scattered and are fairly small, opportunities for employment in this\nindustry are good. It is in this industry that the largest percentage of employable\nDoukhobors not engaged in year-round farming are occupied.\nThe principal agricultural development in the region is in the Creston and Grand\nForks areas. Creston, which raises grain, fruit, and market produce, has attracted\na number of people from the Prairie Provinces with few resources, many of whom may\nbe regarded as potentially in need of one form or another of assistance. Grand Forks\nhas largely been developed agriculturally by the Doukhobors who moved into the\nProvince from Saskatchewan. Seed-growing has supplanted general farming in this\narea, from which a good revenue is derived. Though seasonal, there appears to be\na fairly regular demand for labour in this area.\nRespectfully submitted.\nJ. W. Smith,\nRegional Administrator.\nREGION V\nI beg to submit the following report on the work of the Branch in Region V for\nthe fiscal year 1949-50:\u2014\nRegion V has an area larger than all other regions combined, comprising what is\npopularly known as \" the North.\" This vast part of the Province has great potentialities\nfor economic development, as recent governmental surveys have proved, and comprises\none of the few remaining \" frontiers \" for pioneer effort on this continent. At this time,\nhowever, although the population is growing quite rapidly, the total area is sparsely\nsettled and widely scattered. This complicates the work of the Branch by reason of the\ngreat distances to be travelled to give needed services.\nThe offices in this region are remote from each other, making supervision of the\nsocial workers somewhat of a problem. The supervisor in the Prince Rupert office\nsupervises the three social workers required in that district as well as the social worker\nin Smithers, which is a \" one man \" office. Early in 1949 a supervisor was appointed\nto the Prince George district office to supervise the three social workers who are needed\nto cover the work in this area, and to supervise the worker in the Quesnel office and the\nworker in Williams Lake office. Her resignation at the end of the calendar year has\nplaced responsibility for supervision as well as administration on the Regional Administrator. We were, however, fortunate in being able to have the help and advice of the\nField Consultant for Regions III and V for a total of three or four months, which gave\nour offices, particularly in the eastern end of the region, a much needed boost.\nThe distances to be travelled by our staff are great, particularly in the Williams Lake\nand Peace River Districts, and are a unique feature of the region in the administration R 20 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nof our Provincial social services. The social worker in the Williams Lake office travels\napproximately 235 miles to reach the western end of his district (the eastern slopes of\nthe Coast Range) and may easily drive well over 400 miles before returning home from\na trip to the southern boundary of his district. To the north and east his distances are\nshorter, but with a case-load of some 192, representing all categories of service, he is\naway from Williams Lake for several days at a time.\nIn the Peace River District the worker will travel over 600 miles from his office to\nthe northern boundary of his district (the Yukon border), with trips off on side-roads\nanywhere up to 75 miles each way. While driving on the Alaska Highway he has one\nof the longest and perhaps best roads in the Province on which to travel, but immediately\nhe gets off the highway he is on to roads which are thick with dust during the summer\nmonths, and practically impassable because of thick gumbo mud during the spring. Late\nsummer and the period just after freeze-up and before the heavy snow comes are the\ntimes when he is best able to get around.\nThe Prince Rupert office has perhaps the greatest variety of modes of travel, the\nsocial workers using coastal steamers, fish-packers, fishing-boats, and police boats, as\nwell as aircraft. And one must not forget, of course, that at times all our staff do a considerable amount of walking, particularly in the fall, just before freeze-up, when the roads\nare all but quagmires and during the spring break-up when they are even worse.\nThis region has few organized areas, Prince Rupert and Prince George being the\nonly incorporated cities, with the majority of the small towns constituted as villages.\nIn both cities the social services are given by the Social Welfare Branch on the per capita\npayment plan, the villages being served without fee. Thus the administration of the social\nservices for the entire region is a matter of Provincial responsibility, the Administrator\nand staff having the utmost co-operation with the municipal officials concerned.\nThe work of the Branch in this region was increased during the year under review,\ndue to the increase in population. Practically all the larger centres in the region could\nbe described as booming. In Quesnel the extension of the Pacific Great Eastern Railway,\nthe building of a plywood plant, and the possibility of a hydro development on the\nQuesnel River have brought hundreds of people in, both single men and families. Under\nsuch conditions housing has become an acute problem, to such an extent that tents have\nbeen renting in that area during the summer months for amounts of from $15 to $25\nper month.\nThe continuing high price of lumber has kept all the mills in the Prince George\ndistrict, and both east and west along the Canadian National Railway, operating to\ncapacity, and there has also been a large amount of building construction in the city.\nThis is also a centre of operations for the extension of the Pacific Great Eastern Railway,\nand is the southern end of the work being done on the Hart Highway.\nIn Prince Rupert there has been a fair amount of construction, the celanese plant\nat Port Edward being the largest of these jobs. Prince Rupert's mainstay, the fishing\nindustry, also had a good year during 1949-50, and the mining and logging industries\nhave been busy and expanding.\nIn the Peace River District there was a bumper crop last year, which had the effect\nof taking care of many of the border-line people who might otherwise have been forced\nto come to this department for assistance.\nIn the Williams Lake area the high price of beef cattle has kept money flowing\nfreely, and conditions have been good.\nAll this boom employment has the effect of bringing to our offices a large number\nof drifters, particularly to the Quesnel, Prince George, and Prince Rupert offices. The\nmajority of these are single men who arrive in one of the towns, become stranded, and\napply to the Social Welfare Branch for aid. In many cases they have managed somehow\nto get work for a short period, but not long enough to be entitled to unemployment REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 21\ninsurance benefits. Others have been injured on the job and have nothing to carry them\nuntil their first workmen's compensation cheque arrives. In such cases we get in touch\nwith the Workmen's Compensation Board and learn when a cheque may be expected\nand, in so far as possible, try to arrange for repayment of any assistance given.\nCollections of this sort have been reasonably successful.\nThe generalized social welfare services in this region are maintained at the highest\nlevel of which the staff are capable, and in spite of geography, climate, and few community\nresources, their work is of an increasingly high calibre.\nRespectfully submitted.\nA. A. Shipp,\nRegional Administrator. R 22 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nRESEARCH CONSULTANT\nThe Research Consultant begs to present the following report for the fiscal year\n1949-50:\u2014\nThe first part of the year was given over to a study of rehabilitation resources in\nBritish Columbia for the physically handicapped. It was felt that a study such as this\nwas particularly timely in view of the Dominion-Provincial Conference on Rehabilitation\nwhich was scheduled to take place in the autumn. Two separate studies were completed\u2014first, \" Rehabilitation Resources in British Columbia for the Physically Handicapped,\" and second, \" Rehabilitation Resources in British Columbia for the Physically\nHandicapped Child.\"\nBoth studies emphasized the number and variety of resources which actually exist\nin the Province for the rehabilitation of the physically handicapped, but they also pointed\nout the great lack of a co-ordinating body with authority which could round all these\nresources into an effective programme and also give leadership and direction in filling the\ngaps.\nThe next research started, but which had to be laid aside because of more pressing\nwork, was a study of the delinquent Indian girls who have been committed over the\npast few years to the Girls' Industrial School. The work was started at the instigation\nof the school authorities, not because of any particularly large number of Indian girls\nbut because we seemed to be accomplishing the least with this group, either because of\nlack of understanding or because the programme set up for the other girls in care is\nnot suited to the Indian girl. Also, the resources for rehabilitation outside the school\nwere much fewer for the Indian than for the average Canadian girl. This research led\nback into the early records of explorers, missionaries, and doctors which offer a wealth\nof historical and sociological detail about the background of our British Columbia\nIndians. This material in itself, if it could be condensed into a pamphlet, should be\nof assistance to our social workers in dealing not only with the Indian but also with the\nhalf-breed group.\nThe rest of the Research Consultant's time was given over to essential work for the\nGeneral Administration. As one of a committee to edit the Annual Report of the\nSocial Welfare Branch, considerable time was spent on this, not only to produce an\nintegrated Annual Report, but also to study the whole question of the best methods of\npresenting such reports. The results of this study were presented to the Planning\nCouncil in the form of recommendations which it was felt would be helpful in the\nfuture to those who must prepare annual reports for the Branch.\nA summary of residence and responsibility in British Columbia was prepared for\nthe Canadian Welfare Council so that completely up-to-date information might be\nembodied in its new publication on residence laws across Canada.\nToward the end of the year the Research Consultant was assigned the task of\nrewriting the existing Policy Manual with the help and co-operation of the various\ndivisions and institutions concerned. This is a job of several months' duration and\nwill be reported on in the next Annual Report.\nIsobel Harvey,\nResearch Consultant. REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH\nR 23\nFAMILY DIVISION\nI beg to submit the following report of the Family Division, which includes the\nadministration of the \" Social Assistance Act,\" \" Mothers' Allowances Act,\" and Family\nService programme of the Social Welfare Branch for the fiscal year 1949-50:\u2014\nSOCIAL ALLOWANCE SECTION\nThe study of the Social Allowance programme for the year under review is set\nagainst a background almost identical to the previous year.\nOnce again we have seen a year of great growth and activity in industrial enterprise,\nparticularly in construction, road-building, and lumbering. This has in turn brought\ngeneral economic prosperity to the Province. In spite of this, however, there has been\nan increase in the case-load and costs of Social Allowances. It might be thought that\nthe employment situation would have little or no bearing on the case-load, since assistance\nis granted only to unemployable persons, but it apparently does, with an interesting\ndifference which we shall note later.\nOtherwise, the apparent reasons for such increased case-load, which have been discussed in previous Reports, need only be mentioned here. There are such factors as the\nincrease in the total population of the Province with a proportionate increase in that\nsection of the population in need of public assistance; the general employment situation\nwhich still remains difficult for the older worker (it is said that those over 45 years of\nage form the greater portion of the unemployed) and the inevitably greater difficulty for\nthe handicapped or disabled worker; the rising costs of living which prevent the younger\nself-maintaining family members from supporting at the same time elderly or aged parents,\nand presents difficulties for the older persons living on a small fixed pension or annuity.\nAdded to all these factors, of course, is a growing awareness and recognition of our social\nassistance programme, the fact that the proportion of older people in our population is\nincreasing, and many persons in ill-health move to British Columbia to seek the milder\nclimate.\nFinally, we have again watched the cost-of-living index rise to an unprecedented\nlevel, and have continued to be aware of the resultant increased budgeting problems for\nthose on Social Allowance in an effort to cope with the rising cost of living.\nCase-load\nThe case-load will be examined first, and a comparative statement for the month\nending each fiscal period for the past three years is as follows:\u2014\nTable I.\u2014Case-load\nMarch, 1948\nMarch, 1949\nMarch, 1950\n2,075\n4,461\n5,893\n2,614\n5,789\n6,827\n3,244\n7,295\n7,236\n12,429\n15,230\n17,775\nHowever, the March, 1950, figures do not represent such a sharp rise as indicated\nin the previous year in that the total increase was only 16.71 per cent, compared to\na 22.54-per-cent rise in March, 1949. Whereas the case-load of March, 1949, had\nincreased by 2,801 individuals over March, 1948, there has been an increase of only\n2,545 in March, 1950.\nTaken on a month-by-month basis, the case-load for the fiscal year 1949-50 shows\nthe following variations and increases: R 24\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nTable II.\u2014Case-load on a Monthly Basis\nHeads of\nFamilies\nDependents\nSingle\nRecipients\nTotal\nApril, 1949\t\nMay, 1949\t\nJune, 1949 \t\nJuly, 1949\t\nAugust, 1949 _\nSeptember, 1949-\nOctober, 1949 _\nNovember, 1949....\nDecember, 1949...\nJanuary, 1950 \t\nFebruary, 1950....\nMarch, 1950\t\n2,546\n2,535\n2,560\n2,554\n2,589\n2,585\n2,585\n2,715\n2,857\n3,066\n3,190\n3,244\n6,042\n5,579\n5,529\n5,517\n5,511\n5,567\n5,557\n5,837\n6,284\n6,807\n7,161\n7,295\n6,658\n6,802\n6,784\n6,810\n6,916\n6,948\n7,334\n6,466\n6,664\n6,920\n7,163\n7,236\n15,246\n14,916\n14,873\n14,881\n15,016\n15,100\n15,476\n15,018\n15,805\n16,793\n17,514\n17,775\nThis table bears out to some extent the relationship between the employment situation and our case-load. Employment figures published indicated that, from April, 1949,\non, there was a steady improvement in the employment situation which continued until\nOctober, 1949, when there was a sharp decline. During this same period the Social\nAllowance case-load remained fairly level. From October, 1949, to February, 1950, the\nemployment situation deteriorated until a very high rate of unemployment existed in\nFebruary of 1950.\nIn some areas it was reported the unemployment insurance claims in pay were\ndouble or treble the number in pay for the same period the previous year. During this\nsame period the Social Allowance case-load increased by nearly 200. The answer would\nappear to lie in those cases of border-line employability where the person suffers some\ndisability or handicap which prevents him taking full employment, or else very light or\nsheltered employment, and, therefore, in times of stress are most likely to be out of\nemployment and must perforce be considered unemployable.\nThe like comparison is, therefore, that our case-loads, increase in times of low\nemployment, but the important difference lies in the fact that in times of rising employment the case-load does not decrease proportionately but remains more or less static.\nThis would seem to point to the conclusion that each year it is becoming increasingly\ndifficult for the disabled or partially employable person to become re-employed.\nAnother phase of the problem was indicated by a report from a district office which\nstated that among its case-load were a number of persons who were unemployable in\ntheir present geographic location where \" light\" or selective work is scarce or unobtainable. This is a situation which exists to some extent in many parts of the Province.\nThese are persons, however, who belong to a particular area or setting and have no wish\nto move or be uprooted; consequently, their hopes of rehabilitation are often limited not\nonly by their handicap and degree of unemployability but by the opportunities for work\nwithin their ability in the particular area in which they live. As long as there is residence\nand responsibility legislation and a housing situation such as exists in this Province, little\nencouragement can be given to these people to move from one area to another, and the\nproblem of their unemployability must usually be considered in the light of the local\nopportunities available to them.\nIn view of these comments it appeared of interest to break down the case-load figures\nby regions as follows:\u2014 REPORT OF THE SOCIA\nTable HI.\u2014Individuals in Rece\nas at March\nUnorganized\nRegion I\u2014                                                     Territory\nAlberni     \u2022  ,       42\nL WELFARE BRANCH                                R 25\nipt of Assistance by Regions,\n31st, 1950\nOrganized\nTerritory\n28\nCumberland    \t\n8\n23\nEsquimau  \t\nLadysmith  \t\n40\n1,050\n31\n138\nNorth Cowichan  \t\nOak Bay\n64\n37\n82\nSaanich     \t\nVictoria  \t\n249\n806\n1,566\n    2,616\nRegion II\u2014\nAbbotsford __ -  33\nChilliwack   ...-  105\nNew Westminster   \u2014. 57\nVancouver   \u2014  256\nBurnaby\nChilliwack City\n736\n48\nCliilliwhack Township   179\nCoquitlam    _ 169\nDelta     198\nKent      18\nLangley   \u2014  255\nMaple Ridge    94\nMatsqui      148\nMission District   103\nMission Village _  19\nNew Westminster      498\nNorth Vancouver City  144\nNorth Vancouver District  138\nPitt Meadows\nPort Coquitlam\n451\n      415\n        29\nRichmond   \t\n      263\n26\nSurrey    . \t\n820\n  4,945\nWest Vancouver \t\n58\n. -       17\nRegion III\u2014\n8,984\n     9,435\n21\nKelowna     \t\nPenticton   \u2014\t\n      317\n      134\n61\nColdstream \t\nEnderby\t\n13\n        23\n          9\n ....        67\nKamloops    \t\nKelowna   \t\nMerritt  \t\n       167\n....      159\n38\n3\n...     215\n      25\n7\n        80\n      251\n1,325\n      114\n      148\nPenticton     \t\nRevelstoke     \t\nSalmon Arm District \t\nSpallumcheen   \t\nSummerland   . \t\n54\n86\n45\n      183\nRegion IV\u2014\nCranbrook    \t\nCreston Village -\t\nFerule \t\nGrand Forks   \t\n1,048\n    2,373\n       48\n23\n77\n       24\n13\nFernie   . ,\t\nGolden    \t\n      147\n76\n        77\nKaslo    -\t\nNelson    -\t\n       187\n      357\n      328\nKaslo\t\nKimberley  . \t\nNelson\t\nRossland \t\nTrail   \t\n9\n26\n....     108\n39\n        64\nTrail       '\t\n      145\n1,579\n431\n    2,010 R 26 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nTable HI.\u2014Individuals in Receipt of Assistance by Regions,\nas at March 31st, 1950\u2014Continued\nUnorganized Organized\nRegion V\u2014 Territory Territory\nAtlin       \u2014        5 Dawson Creek Village          61\nPouce  Coupe    _ _     301 Prince George __   _      112\nPrince  George  ...       369 Prince Rupert          78\nPrince Rupert       102\nQuesnel           126\nSmithers            80\nStewart    -          14\nTelegraph Creek          15\nWilliams Lake         78\n1,090                                                                               251\n       1,341\nTotals    _.   5,495 12,280 17,775\nFrom these figures it will be noted that of the case-load residing in organized territory about 73 per cent falls in Region II and 86 per cent of that case-load is in Regions\nI and II combined. As for the recipients living in unorganized territory, it will be noted\nthat about 73 per cent of the case-load falls in Regions III, IV, and V, which might be\nexpected, as these regions comprise greater areas of unorganized territory. Of the total\ncase-load in organized and unorganized territory, 68 per cent falls in Regions I and II\nand 32 per cent in Regions III, IV, and V.\nFrom this table the following facts are also noted:\u2014\nTable IV.\u2014Place oj Residence without Regard to Legal Residence under\nthe Provisions oj the \" Residence and Responsibility Act \"\nRecipients living in organized areas (as at March, 1950)....  12,280\nRecipients living in unorganized areas (as at March, 1950)..    5,495\nTotal   17,775\nTable V.\u2014Comparative Table on Percentage Basis\nMarch, 1948    March, 1949    March, 1950\nPer Cent Per Cent Per Cent\nLiving in organized territory   62.48        69.39        69.09\nLiving in unorganized territory   37.52        30.61 30.91\nFrom this it will be seen that the concentration of population of social assistance\nrecipients has remained almost static in the past year, in contrast to the trend shown the\nprevious year.\nOn the basis of legal residence for social assistance purposes as determined by\nthe \" Residence and Responsibility Act,\" the percentages show a somewhat different\ndistribution.\nTable VI.\u2014Legal Responsibility oj Social Allowance Recipients, March, 1950\nMunicipal responsibilities  10,992\nProvincial responsibilities     6,783\nTotal   17,775\nTable VII.\u2014Comparative Table on Percentage Basis\nMarch, 1948    March, 1949    March, 1950\nPer Cent Per Cent Per Cent\nMunicipal responsibilities  63.40        63.14        61.84\nProvincial responsibilities  36.60        36.86        38.16\nThis table indicates a slight increase in the proportion of Provincial cases, or\na similar decrease in municipal cases.\nThe tables above give a picture of the volume of work done in the Social Allowance\ncategory by the workers in our district offices and municipal offices, while the following\ntable will outline the expenditures which have shown a corresponding increase: \u2014 REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 27\nTable VIII.\u2014Expenditures by the Province jor Social Allowances,\nMedical, Services, etc.\n1. Cases who are the responsibility of a       F[m\\Y4T Fim\\^T ^11%-\u2122\nmunicipality   (80 per cent paid by\nProvince)   $1,329,993.91 $1,509,312.18 $1,874,641.68\n2. Cases who are the sole responsibility\nof the Province (100 per cent paid by\nProvince)         815,054.68       981,240.49    1,247,494.64\n3. Repatriation, transportation within\nthe Province, nursing- and boarding-\nhome care (other than T.B.), special\nallowances and grants   58,603.23       394,376.04       586,159.02\n4. Medical   services \u2014 Provincial   and\nmunicipal cases  (Social Allowance, .   \u2022\nold-age   pensioners,   and   Mothers'\nAllowance cases)*  \u25a0_     .\n5. Emergency payments\u2014such as where\nfamily may lose its home by fire or\nsimilar circumstances \t\n6. Municipal and Provincial cases\u2014\n(a) Tuberculosis   boarding-,   nursing-, and private-home cases ...\n(b) Transportation   of  tuberculosis\ncases \t\n(c) Comforts allowance for tuberculosis cases\t\n7. Dependents of conscientious objectors\n$2,769,304.81 $3,158,653.29 $4,033,551.15\nLess recovered by refund and payment from Dominion Government\u2014\nConscientious objectors  631.60         .___\t\nAllowance to lapanese persons 15.00         \t\n335,073.61\n*\n#\n4,704.34\n7,020.97\n13,686.25\n213,459.89\n253,865.61\n295,701.09\n3,279.55\n3,178.40\n3,714.67\n8,926.40\n209.20\n9,659.60\n12,153.80\nNet Social Allowance   $2,768,658.21  $3,158,653.29 $4,033,551.15\n8. Administration, hospitalization, social allowances, etc., re Japanese indigents            $222,497.25     $257,714.37\nLess Dominion Government sharef..            109,856.48        125,525.49\n$112,640.77     $132,15\n9. Hospital insurance premiums!      $254,164.76     $435,269.75     $758,260.00\n10. Medical services and drugs      ......     $466,469.70     $949,248.28\nTotals   $3,022,822.97 $4,173,033.51\nTotal cost of Social Allowance to Province, 1949-50  $5,873,248.31\n* Medical services set out as separate vote since April 1st, 1948.\nf By agreement, Dominion Government share 50-50 in Japanese project at New Denver.\nt Hospital insurance effective January 1st, 1949\u2014previous costs for hospitalization of indigents. R 28 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nSome of the developments during the past year which are reflected in the above\nstatement are as follows:\u2014\n(1) Comforts allowances paid to social assistance recipients in hospital,\nboarding homes, and private hospitals were increased to $5, effective\nOctober 1st, 1949.\n(2) Gross shareable payment for private hospital care was increased to $105\nper month, effective April 1st, 1949. Provincial Government contributes\n80 per cent of this cost. Based on type of service given and subject to\nrecommendation and approval of Hospital Insurance Service and Departmental Comptroller, the maximum may be increased to $120 per month.\n(3) Effective January 1st, 1950, the new provision for drug services commenced, whereby the Province assumes, in addition to 100 per cent of the\ncost for Provincial responsibilities, 80 per cent of the municipal cost, with\nthe 20 per cent balance being apportioned among municipalities on a\nper capita basis.\n(4) Effective January 1st, 1950, similar arrangements were established for\nthe provision of optical services.\nOne further note of explanation is necessary in that under the decentralized\nprogramme where the administration of social allowances is delegated to the local area,\nmunicipal or Provincial, the Province continues to share with the municipalities for the\ncosts. The Province is responsible for the total cost of allowances to those who are\nProvincial responsibilities under the terms of the \" Residence and Responsibility Act,\"\nand reimburses the municipalities for 80 per cent of allowances granted to those who\nare municipal responsibilities in accordance with the above Act. The percentage\nreimbursement is based on a maximum set by the Social Allowance guide.\nRehabilitative Services\nAbove we have seen figures of total case-loads and total expenditures, but these\ngive us no picture of the services to the many individuals included in those totals, nor\nof the assistance given to meet need because of age, illness, handicap, accident, or loss\nor desertion of the earning head of the family. It does not show us the persons to whom\nthe granting of assistance has meant support in time of illness, nor the family to whom\nit has meant security when they are unable to provide for themselves, nor the person\nwho has been helped to independence in spite of an overwhelming handicap, nor the\nfamily of mother and children who have been kept together after the death or desertion\nof the father.\nSome of these cases merit specific mention, and chief among these are those\nassisted under the experimental assistance programme to aid in the rehabilitation of the\nhandicapped, mentioned in the previous Annual Report. At that time it was noted that\nwith special financial assistance from the Social Welfare Branch three paraplegic patients\nwere receiving remedial and vocational training in the treatment centre of the Western\nSociety for Physical Rehabilitation in Vancouver. It was noted that first reports had\nbeen encouraging, and the year under review has seen the results of this experiment.\nOne of the patients was discharged from the treatment centre early in the year. Arrangements were made for a suitable boarding-place, and he enrolled in a shoe-making course.\nMaintenance costs were met by the Social Welfare Branch, not only for the man in\nVancouver, but for his wife and family as well, who had remained in the small town\nwhere the man formerly worked, and the costs of the training were met by the Kinsmen\nClub of Vancouver. This man showed amazing determination and ability and became\na prize pupil. Eventually, the time came to re-establish him in a shoe-making business\nin his home locality, and, as a result of a generous undertaking by the Kinsmen Club of\nVancouver, plans were under way at the end of the year to provide him with a shop as REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 29\nwell as the necessary equipment and material, and the family were assured of maintenance from Social Allowance funds until the family could be self-supporting. Everything pointed to a most satisfactory conclusion, with favourable indication that the\nfamily would shortly achieve economic independence. This particular case is a valuable\nexample of close co-operation between private and public agencies and organizations\nand their workers, and is a supreme example of courage and achievement on the part\nof the man himself. It meant long and hard training for him, but with public and private\nsupport he has achieved his goal.\nThe second example was that of a young man for whom, because of physical and\neducational factors, the future did not hold the same promise of entire independence.\nHowever, with the training he received in the treatment centre, together with encouragement and training in the skills which he had\u2014music and leather work and saddlery\u2014\nhe was able to return to his family in the small community where they lived to lead a more\nsatisfying life. It has been necessary to continue financial assistance to him, but he is\nable to supplement this by sale of his leather handicraft. The market for his work is\nlimited by the isolated location of his home, and now some thought is being given to\nmoving him to a larger centre where he will be able to find more buyers for his product.\nWhile his activity is limited, the financial assistance granted to enable him to take the\nnecessary treatment and training has enabled him to return to a more normal life with\nhis family and in the community\u2014outside a hospital where otherwise he would have had\nto remain for many months, if not years, or for life.\nThe third case was that of a still younger man who was temporarily assisted to\ncomplete the treatment and training he had begun in the treatment centre under private\nauspices. The public funds used to assist in his care were shared by the Province and\nresponsible municipality. At the time of his discharge he obtained part-time employment, but because of superior education he intends to seek further training to equip\nhimself for full-time employment. At the close of the fiscal year only one patient\nsubsidized by Provincial funds was in the treatment centre. However, as a result of\na recent survey of possible rehabilitation cases in receipt of Social Allowance or Mothers'\nAllowance, it is anticipated that a new Provincial programme will be undertaken before\nlong.\nAnother use of Social Allowance funds which is especially satisfying is in those\ncases where assistance is granted for children in the home of relatives. An extract from\na district office report reads as follows:\u2014\n\" This (provision) continues to be a useful resource to perpetuate long-standing\nfamily arrangements where grandparents or other relatives have undertaken the care of\nchildren when parents have died or deserted them. It is also helpful in arranging care\nfor children during temporary illness of the mother or other emergency in the family.\"\nThis provision may also be used as part of the case-work planning where, because\nof personality or behaviour difficulties of a child, temporary removal from his home is\nindicated, and relatives are willing to take the child into their home to enable the family\nto resolve the difficulties of which the child's behaviour was primarily a symptom. Up\nto the present there has been one major difficulty with such arrangements\u2014namely, the\nprovision of dental care for such children, but it is hoped that an arrangement will shortly\nbe made which will solve this problem.\nIn one such case, social allowance paid to an uncle and aunt enabled them to look\nafter the children of a mother who had been admitted to a tuberculosis institution. In\nanother instance when a widow formerly in receipt of Mothers' Allowance died leaving\nthree small dependent children, relatives were able, with the help of social allowance\nfor the children, to provide them with a happy and satisfactory home. These two\nexamples indicate the relative possibilities of this provision. In the first instance the\narrangement is of a prolonged but non-permanent nature, with the ultimate reunion of R 30 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nthe mother with her children, while in the second a permanent arrangement has been\nmade within the family group which might not have been otherwise possible without the\nsupport from Social Allowance funds.\nAnother example is that of five children deserted by both father and mother, where\nthe granting of social allowance enabled the paternal grandparents to keep the children\nin their home, giving them care and affection and security within the family group.\nIn a final example of this method of using Social Allowance funds, it is reported\nthat two children have been placed with the grandparents during the hospitalization of\nboth parents in a sanatorium. In this way the family unity is not broken, and the ultimate\nhope is for a happy reunion with the parents when their health permits.\nNo better commentary can be made on the value of this type of service than the\nfollowing, which is quoted from a report of a field consultant:\u2014\n\" This provision, I believe, is good, and helps to keep children where they belong,\nwhich is within their own family group. It preserves the interest and responsibility\nof relatives in and for the children, and their parents who may be only temporarily\nremoved from the group. It is vital to preserve the natural relationship where possible,\nand where the situation and circumstances are suitable this is a wise solution. It is\nessential, however, that supervisory service should go along with the financial aid to the\nextent that we may be assured, always, that the provision is being used in the interests\nof the particular children and that their welfare is best served thereby.\"\nThe above examples outline some of the more interesting developments in the use\nof social allowances over the past year or few years, but, of course, give no picture of\nthe vast majority of cases where a normal family group faced with illness of the father\nand wage-earner can, with the granting of social allowance, continue to function in a\nnormal manner, subject, of course, to any stresses and strains which may develop because\nof the altered financial circumstances or the family's reaction to the father's illness.\nIn addition, too, there are many single individuals who, though totally incapacitated\nfor one reason or other, with the help of social allowance and the advice and counsel of\nthe worker, are helped to lead satisfying lives in the community within the limits of their\nhandicap.\nThose persons who require care in a boarding-home or private hospital are also\nassisted from Social Allowance funds, thus enabling them to have the care and supervision they require outside a hospital or institutional setting. Social allowance may also\nbe granted as a temporary measure to meet a temporary need of a family or an individual\npending the granting of a disability pension or allowance or compensation..\nThis, then, is a brief outline of some of the services for which Social Allowance\nmakes provision. Accompanying this provision, of course, is the realization that financial\nassistance is not the only and final answer to all problems, and where emotional or\npersonality problems do arise, the district worker is ready to offer counselling and help.\nIn this way an effort is made to meet the needs of the individual as they relate to his\ntotal well-being.\nGeneral Comments\nDuring the year under review, negotiations with other Provinces under the existing\ninter-Provincial \" gentlemen's agreement\" in relation to non-resident applications for\nsocial allowance has been for the most part a satisfactory one. A new inter-Provincial\nagreement is at present under discussion by the four Western Provinces, which it is\nhoped will become effective before too long.\nIf a clearer and accepted definition of residence and responsibility between Provinces can be established, many minor differences of opinion and misunderstandings will\nbe eliminated. It is the hope, of course, that under the sponsorship of the Public Welfare\nDivision of the Canadian Welfare Council this sample agreement might become the\npattern for all Canadian Provinces. REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH\nR 31\nThere have been no amendments to the \" Social Assistance Act \" and regulations,\nand because of the flexible terms of this legislation, the need for revision is not foreseen\nat this time.\nDuring the year sixty-eight municipalities (cities, districts, and villages) have participated under the provisions of the \" Social Assistance Act.\"\nOnly one appeal has been made under section 13 of the regulations to the \" Social\nAssistance Act.\"\nDuring this year the relationship in the field of Social Allowance between the Province and the municipalities has, generally speaking, been a mutually helpful and cordial\none. Every effort has been made to maintain this degree of mutual respect and understanding, as it is only in this way that a successful programme can be achieved.\nThe success of the programme also depends on the social workers, supervisors,\nadministrators, and consultants, whose constant efforts and ready co-operation are indeed\nappreciated.\nMOTHERS' ALLOWANCE SECTION\nNo amendments or changes were made in the \"Mothers' Allowances Act\" and\nregulations during the period under review, and no changes were made in the administrative procedure covering Mothers' Allowance cases.\nThe case-load continues to fall, as it has for the past ten years, and comparative\nfigures for the past six years are given below:\u2014\nTable I.\u2014Statement oj Case-load\nAs at March, 1945  940 As at March, 1948  751\nAs at March, 1946  905 As at March, 1949  681\nAs at March, 1947  863 As at March, 1950  643\nThis represents a decrease of about one-third in the case-load since March, 1945,\nand a reduction of 1,119 cases since the all-time high total of 1,762 reached in March,\n1940.\nOn a monthly basis the following case-load figures are given for the year:-\u2014\nTable II.\u2014Monthly Case-load, April 1st, 1949, to March 31st, 1950\nMonth\nNumber of\nAllowances\nin Pay\nNumber of Persons\nIncapacitated\nHusbands .\nMothers\nChildren\n676\n672\n661\n656\n660\n655\n659\n666\n664\n652\n650\n643\n676\n672\n661\n656\n660\n655\n659\n666\n664\n652\n650\n643\n1,445\n1,435\n1,415\n1,416\n1,423\n1,408\n1,422\n1,434\n1,435\n1,398\n1,392\n1,372\n149\n147\n144\nJuly                                                                              \t\n138\n141\n137\n137\n138\n137\n131\n131\n130\nFrom these figures it will be noted that the total case-load has been reduced by\napproximately 5 per cent since April 1st, 1949. R 32 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nThe number of applications received also decreased this year to 141, as against 176\nfor the preceding year, while a total of 171 applications were dealt with, as follows:\u2014\nTable III.\u2014Statement of Applications Considered and Decisions Made\nApplications pending as at April 1st, 1949  30\nNew applications received during year  110\nReapplications received during year  31\nTotal .  171\nDecisions\u2014\nGrants   127\nRefusals   18\nWithdrawn   12\n157\nApplications pending as at March 31st, 1949  14\nTotal .  171\nReasons for refusals\u2014\nNot a British subject '.  1\nNot a resident in British Columbia for three years  1\nDisability which caused husband's death arose when outside British Columbia  1\nPersonal property in excess  2\nUnable to qualify under section 6  2\nMother's earnings in excess  3\nUnearned income in excess  5\nSocial Allowance preferable  3\nTotal  18\nReasons for applications pending\u2014\nAwaiting medical information and property information.... 1\nAwaiting completion of investigation report  1\nAwaiting information re property and assets  2\nAwaiting verification of income  2\nAwaiting verification of citizenship  2\nAwaiting medical information  2\nAwaiting vital statistical information  2\nAwaiting verification of status  1\nAwaiting decision (received March 31st, 1950)  1\nTotal  14 REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH\nR 33\nReasons for cancelling 165 allowances during the year under\nreview\u2014\nMother deceased  3\nMother remarried  26\nMother left British Columbia  3\nWhereabouts unknown  1\nMother in hospital indefinitely  4\nMother's earnings in excess  33\nSection 6 of \" Mothers' Allowances Act\"  4\nHusband not totally disabled  14\nHusband released from penitentiary  3\nDeserting husband returned  2\nOnly child removed from care  4\nOnly child 16 years of age and not attending school  1\nOnly child 18 years of age  23\nOnly child under 16 years left school  1\nOnly child under 18 years left school  17\nPersonal property in excess  4\nUnearned income in excess  8\nSocial Allowance preferable form of assistance  5\nWithdrawn at mother's request  9\nTotal  165\nOf the cancelled cases, the length of time each family had been in receipt of Mothers'\nAllowance is as follows:\u2014\nYears ....    1     2     3     4     5     6     7     8     9   10   11   12   13   14   15   16   17\nCases .... 23   24   11     9     9   11     6   14   14     9     8     7     9     5     4     1     1\nTotal cases, 165.   Average length of time on allowance, 6.26 years.\nWith regard to the active case-load as at March 31st, 1950, a breakdown shows the\npayment of allowances for the following reasons and the number of children benefited:\u2014\nTable IV.\u2014Reasons for Granting Allowance and Children Benefited\nStatus of Mother in Accordance with Eligibility\nNumber of Children\nQualifications Set by the Act\n1\n2\n3\n4\n5\n6\n7    1 '8\n1\n9\nTotal\n162\n2\n6\n25\n4\n10\n1\n5\n12\n1\n3\n146\n4\n7\n39\n7\n6\n9\n15\n66\n3\n4\n14\n2\n2\n1\n3\n6\n25\n3\n9\n2\n7\n8\n1\n2\n2\n2\n1\n5\n3\n2\n3\n1\n1\n1\n416\nHusband in penitentiary  -  -\t\n10\n22\nIncapacitated husbands home   \u2014\t\n95\n17\n18\n3\n17\n1\n-  1       .\n-  1   \u2022 -\n41\n1\n3\nTotals\n231\n233\n101\n46\n16\n8   1       5\n2\n1\n643\nNumber of individuals benefited: Mothers, 643; husbands, 95*; children, 1,372; total, 2,110.\n* This figure applies only to those incapacitated husbands residing in the home, and who are included in the\nMothers' Allowance grant. In addition, there are 17 incapacitated husbands in hospital or cared for elsewhere and 18\nhusbands in receipt of old-age or blind pension (total, 35) for whom no Mothers' Allowance grant is paid.\nIn this table it will be seen that approximately 36 per cent of the case-load is comprised of one-child cases, with a similar percentage of two-child cases, and 88 per cent\n2 R 34 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nof the total case-load is for families of three children or less. The one-child cases are\nthe important ones for comment. Frequently, the question is asked as to why a mother\nwith only one child cannot maintain herself and child independent of public funds. However, many factors which do not appear in a statistical table may prevent her doing so.\nThe one child may be the youngest of a family, the mother's age and health may prevent\nher from working, while in a true one-child case the health of the mother and child or\nage of child, or the presence of an incapacitated husband in the home, may each or all\nprevent her from taking employment.\nAs has been pointed out in previous Reports, wherever the circumstances warrant\nin a one-child case, the mother is given every encouragement to remain independent of\npublic assistance when making application, and if she is already a recipient, to direct her\nefforts and training to a point where she may dispense with the allowance. Only twenty-\none allowances were granted in one-child cases during the year. It might be pointed out\nhere, too, that every encouragement is given in all cases to the over-age earning children\nliving in the home to assist in the maintenance of the home. Such contributions are\nimportant, as well as any casual earnings the mother may have, to supplement the allowance in an effort to meet the rising cost of living which has affected so drastically all those\nwho are attempting to live on a very limited income.\nIn so far as Mothers' Allowance is concerned, an attempt is made to offset this by\ngiving the broadest interpretation possible to the approved schedule of exemptions and\ndeductions in relation to earnings, keeping in mind the goal of equitable decisions for\nall recipients.\nCost of Mothers' Allowance\nThe costs of Mothers' Allowance grants have decreased proportionately with the\ncase-load, as will be seen from the following statements.\nIn explanation of these two statements it should be pointed out that when the increase\nwas granted to Mothers' Allowance recipients during the previous fiscal year, the increase\nwas and is derived from Social Allowance funds; consequently, the financial costs to each\nfund are shown separately. Included in the Social Allowance total of $71,353.42 is the\nsum of $2,124.80 which was paid in the form of a Christmas bonus of $3.20 to each\nMothers' Allowance family. REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 35\nTable V.\u2014Mothers' Allowance Financial Statement for the Fiscal Year\nApril 1st, 1949, to March 31st, 1950\nAdvance received from Minister of Finance  $368,100.00\nBank interest  20.86\n$368,120.86\nAllowances paid as follows:\u2014\nMonth Amount of Allowances\nApril   $31,291.36\nMay     31,054.61\nJune     30,712.33\nJuly      30,546.30\nAugust      30,819.58\nSeptember      30,313.16\nOctober     30,627.01\nNovember      30,792.78\nDecember     30,890.34\nJanuary      30,129.14\nFebruary      29,791.87\nMarch      29,619.79\n  $366,588.27\nUnexpended balance of advance refunded\nto Minister of Finance, May 2nd,\n1950          1,511.73\nBank interest paid to Minister of Finance,\nMay 2nd, 1950  20.86\n  $368,120.86\nThe books and records of the Mothers' Allowances Fund have been examined under my direction. I hereby certify\nthat the above statement is a true account of the Receipts and Disbursements of the Director of Welfare under authority\nof the \" Mothers' Allowances Act \" for the twelve months ending March 31st, 1950, according to the information furnished me, and as disclosed by the books and records submitted for my inspection.\nJ. A. CRAIG,\nComptroller-General. R 36\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nTable VI.\u2014Financial Statement of Supplementary Social Allowances Paid to Mothers'\nAllowance Recipients for the Fiscal Year April 1st, 1949, to March 31st, 1950\nAdvance received from Minister of Finance  $71,353.43\nAllowances paid as follows:\u2014\nMonth Amount of Allowances\nApril   $5,914.00\nMay  ... 5,893.00\nJune   5,762.28\nJuly  5,745.05\nAugust   5,797.40\nSeptember   5,711.50\nOctober '.  5,772.50\nNovember   5,828.25\nDecember   5,821.85\nChristmas bonus  2,124.80\nJanuary   5,706.40\nFebruary   5,661.00\nMarch   5,615.40\n  $71,353.43\nThe books and records have been examined under my direction. I hereby certify that the above statement is a true\naccount of the Receipts and Disbursements of the Director of Welfare for the twelve months ending March 31st, 1950,\naccording to the information furnished me, and as disclosed by the books and records submitted for my inspection.\nJ. A. CRAIG,\nComptroller-General.\nBased on the above financial statement the per capita cost is given for the present\nyear in comparison with the past five years.\nThese figures are based on expenditures from the Mothers' Allowances Fund only\nand do not include the additional expenditure from Social Allowance funds.\nTable VII.\u2014Statement Showing per Capita Cost\nFiscal Year\nTotal\nExpenditure\nPopulation\nat June of\nEach Year\n\"\u00bb' Canita\nCost to the\nProvince\nPercentage\nChange over\nPrevious\nYear\n(Decrease)\nTotal\nReduction\nfrom\nPrevious\nYear\n1944-45                    \t\n$528,442.87\n498,901.72\n488,866.74\n441,966.71\n389,347.24\n366,588.27\n932,000 (1944)\n949,000 (1945)\n1,003,000 (1946)\n1,044,000 (1947)\n1,082,000 (1948)\n1,114,000 (1949)\n$0.57\n.53\n.49\n.42\n.36\n.28\n9.13\n5.59\n2.01\n9.59\n11.91\n5.85\n$53,098.42\n1945-46                    .\u2014 \t\n29,541.15\n1946^17  \u2022    \t\n1947-48\n10,034.98\n46,900.03\n52,619.47\n22,758.97\n1948^19 \t\n1949-50                    \t\nMothers' Allowance Advisory Board\nThe Mothers' Allowance Advisory Board held one meeting during the fiscal year\nunder review under the chairmanship of Mrs. F. W. Smelts.\nAt this meeting further consideration was given to the scale of Mothers' Allowances\nin relation to other forms of public assistance and the rising cost of living. Consideration\nwas also given to the existing schedule of exemptions and earnings as it affects the allowance payable to a mother engaged in part-time work. In view of the decreasing caseload, discussion also centred around the merits or otherwise of repeal of the \" Mothers'\nAllowances Act \" in favour of one form of assistance available to all mothers\u2014namely,\nSocial Allowance as provided under the \" Social Assistance Act.\" REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 37\nDuring the year the resignation from the Board of Mrs. W. R. F. Richmond was\nreceived with regret. To replace Mrs. Richmond, Mrs. Paul Smith, of New Westminster,\nwas appointed for a period of three years.\nGeneral Comments\nThe significant factors in the year's administration remain as they were last year.\nOnce more the year has brought an unprecedented rise in the cost of living, which,\nadded to existing high rentals, has increased the problem of budgeting for the mother in\nreceipt of a fixed minimum income.\nIn many cases their ability to manage has been taxed to the utmost and can be\naccounted for only in part by increased contributions of earning children and their own\nsupplementary earnings from part-time work. The mother most affected, however, is\nthe one who has no means whatever, by reason of health or circumstances at home or\nabsence of working children, of supplementing her income or other resources at her\ndisposal.\nThe decrease in the case-load has been noted elsewhere and is due to a large extent\nto the growing use of the provisions of the \" Social Assistance Act\" in granting social\nallowance as the preferable form of assistance.\nThe majority of applications continue to come from mothers residing in organized\nterritory, and the majority of those have legal residence in organized territory. The\nfollowing table will illustrate this:\u2014\nTable VIII.\u2014Proportion of Applications and Grants in Organized Territory\nTotal applications and reapplications received  141\nApplicants residing in organized territory  134\nApplicants having legal domicile in organized territory 135\nTotal grants made during year  127\nRecipients residing in organized territory  121\nRecipients having legal domicile in organized territory 123\nFrom these figures it will be seen that 95 per cent or more applicants reside in or\nhave legal domicile in organized territory, and the same percentages apply in those cases\nin which grants were made.\nTo the municipal and Provincial workers and supervisors we wish to express our\nappreciation of their ever-ready co-operation with the Division in the administration and\nsupervision of Mothers' Allowances.\nFAMILY SERVICE SECTION\nThis year, in order that the report on this section of the work might be more descriptive of the service rendered and the statistics have more meaning, the field consultants,\nwith the help of the district supervisors and workers, were asked for reports and comments on certain selected topics and case material. To them I would like to express\npersonal appreciation at this point for making the following report possible in a new\nmethod of presentation with illustrative material.\nAs we have stated before, Family Service is a relatively new service to be given\nrecognition in a public welfare setting, although it must inherently be a part of any\ngeneralized programme. In this Province \" Family Service \" has full recognition as part\nof a generalized social welfare programme in statutory authority granted under the\n\" Social Assistance Act.\" This places emphasis on the fact that financial need arid\nassistance will not always be the only problem nor the only way of meeting that problem.\nThe total case-load has been reduced slightly this year, but this may be explained\nlargely by closer supervision practice, more selectivity at intake, and frequent careful R 38\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nreview of case-loads to ensure that individual cases are carried no longer than required or\nafter our services are needed, or of benefit to the individual or family.\nFollowing are figures compiled from the monthly statistical reports from the district\nworkers:\u2014\nTable I.\u2014Monthly Case-load oj Family Service Cases\nAs at April 30th, 1949 : 1,119\nAs at May 31st, 1949 .:  1,143\nAs at June 30th, 1949  1,167\nAs at July 31st, 1949  1,207\nAs at August 31st, 1949 :  1,273\nAs at September 30th, 1949  1,267\nAs at October 31st, 1949 .  1,285\nAs at November 30th, 1949  1,297\nAs at December 31st, 1949   1,271\nAs at January 31st, 1950  1,257\nAs at February 28th, 1950  1,290\nAs at March 31st, 1950  1,254\nThis table indicates minor variations in case-load, with the maximum reached in\nFebruary. From the opening month to the closing month- of the fiscal year there was a\nnet increase of 135 cases or 12 per cent in the case-load.\n' For the purposes of closer study a statistical breakdown of the Family Service caseload in Region II was submitted as follows (this does not include the Greater Vancouver\narea, which is served by Vancouver agencies):\u2014\nTable II.\u2014Statistical Breakdown for Region II of Family Service Cases during\nFiscal Year 1949-50\nProblems\nVancouver\nDistrict\nNew Westminster\nCity and\nDistrict\nCloverdale\nChilliwack.\nAbbotsford,\nHaney\nLangley\nTotal\n47\n19\n4\n9\n25\n.10\n8\n34\n18\n9\n47\n26\n14\n9\n2\n21\n8\n\" 2\n37\n14\n2\n1\n30\n4\n2\n19\n19\n4\n19\n3\n7\n1\n18\n6\n1\n1\n12\n2\n20\n2\n10\n3\n3\n3\n29\n11\n1\n5\n39\n13\n16\n22\n27\n5\n41\n16\n2\n5\n8\n6\n7\n3\n1\n2\n2\n3\n1\n2\n132\nDesertion . \t\n49\n7\n16\nInsufficient income \t\nFinancial    assistance    required \u2014 emergency\nhealth aid, MA., S.A., housekeeper\t\n114\n27\n28\n87\n69\nDelinquency involving appearance in Court...\nIllness (mental or physical)  \t\nPersonality    problems    (not    diagnosed    as\n21\n113\n46\nInadequate housing    .\t\nUnemployment\u2014not active SA.  \t\n14\n18\nInter-Provincial responsibility  and  repatriation   \t\n8\nSundry \u2014 D.V.A.,  C.N.I.B., Family  Allowance, B.C. Youth Foundation \t\n49\nInquiries\u2014\u25a0\nOutside Province ....\t\nOutside Canada\u2014\u25a0\nUnited States ...\t\n20\n1\nEngland  \t\n3\nThese figures cannot be regarded as absolute and must allow for a margin of error\ndue to variety of interpretation regarding categorization of case-load and incomplete\ninformation on hand in the divisional office. Major factors, however, are the difficulty\nof trying to isolate and tabulate problems of human behaviour and relationships.   Even REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH\nR 39\nif that were possible to an exact degree, the problems would overlap in many family situations in that more than one problem might and often does appear in one family group.\nThe sources of referral of family problem cases are interesting, as they indicate to\nsome extent the growing knowledge of our service. In the same Region II (excluding\nGreater Vancouver) these are as follows:\u2014\nTable HI.\u2014Sources of Referral of Family Service Cases for Fiscal Year 1949-50\nSource of Referral\nVancouver\nDistrict\nNew Westminster\nCity and\nDistrict\nCloverdale\nChilliwack,\nAbbotsford.\nHaney\nLangley\nTotal\n66\n61\n7\n11\n2\n1\n7\n37\n4\n4\n5\n2\n4\n6\n30\n34\n65\n4\n12\n15\n1\n3\n3\n3\n5\n7\n\u25a0      14\n3\n1\n5\n1\n1\n2\n3\n12\n8\n6\n2\n17\n......\n1\n58\n66\n12\n17\n17\n1\n6\n4\n2\n15\n3\n22\n1\n1\n14\n6\n2\n1\n5\n5\n4\n2\n2\n1\n1\n2\n2\n1\n1\n163\n208\nCitizens, neighbours, etc.-\t\n26\n44\nPublic health nurses\t\n.   43\n4\n11\n17\n5\n76\nSchools     \t\n14\n40\nCourts, Magistrates   ...\n9\n5\n4\nD.V.A. ....\t\n21\n7\nC.A.S.\u2014Ontario   \t\n2\n4\n1\nB.C. Youth Foundation  .\n3\n6\nOthers\t\n36\nThese tables give a picture of the volume and variety of problems met with in one\narea in the Family Service case-load, but in order to see the nature of the service given, the\nfollowing examples were selected from the many which were reported from the five regions\nof the Province:\u2014\nMrs. X. came to the Social Welfare Branch following the death of her husband after a\nyear's illness. She was concerned over the adjustment of her 3 '\/i -year-old son with her own\nhealth and with her financial situation. Mrs. X. was an intelligent, well-educated young\nwoman, and following the establishment of a supportive relationship with the worker, she\nappeared free to use the resources at her disposal. She applied and was found eligible for a\npension which gave her a feeling of security in being able to provide for her family. She\nwas able to benefit from a discussion of the emotional problems of her son and arranged for\nhim to have the companionship of her brother so that the loss of his father, to whom the\nboy was greatly attached, was minimized.\nMrs. X. was encouraged to speak of her life with her husband and to evaluate the\nchanges which his death had brought. This appeared to alleviate her anxiety and she became\noptimistic in her outlook for the future. She accepted medical care for herself and ceased\nto be overly concerned with her health, as her confidence in her ability to accept her responsibilities increased.\nA different situation was presented when:\u2014\nA 17-year-old girl was brought to our district office by a friend. She had run away that\nmorning from an unhappy home situation. When the parents were reached, they proved to\nbe very antagonistic and unyielding as far as their daughter was concerned, insisting that the\nonly solution was for her to return home immediately and behave as they thought fit. They\nwere of European extraction and it was evident that their Old World concepts of parent-child\nrelationships were in conflict with their daughter's Canadian upbringing, and her desire to\ngradually create a life of her own, and to choose her own friends. However, since the\ndaughter steadfastly refused to return home, they ultimately agreed to our placement of her\nin a wage home, temporarily, and under our supervision. Money was no object, but the girl\nthought that she would be happiest in a work placement where she could earn her board and\nroom and pocket money. R 40 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nShe used this period to think about her problems more calmly, which, for the most part,\nwere those of the average teen-ager attempting to grow up, but which had been complicated\nby the family situation. In time she saw past her parents' domination to the very real concern they felt for her. Her parents, too, in time, were able to talk things over with us, and\ntheir tendency to force the girl into their own patterns diminished. Of her own free will she\nbegan to visit her home again, and gradually the visits extended until she decided that she\ncould return home to live once more, in the changed atmosphere. Recently she came in to\ntell us that she was making plans to be married and that the whole family was entering into\nthe spirit of the occasion and giving some realistic help and encouragement.\nFrom another area we are told of:\u2014\nA 12-year-old boy in rebellion against his father and mother until the father began to\nthink of him as incorrigible. The boy felt he was rejected because one eye turned in. The\nworker's services centred around interpreting the boy's emotional needs to his father, also\nthe need for the boy to see an eye specialist. The relationship between father and son has\nimproved, and the father is taking the boy to an eye specialist. We are obtaining financial\naid for eye care from a private source.\nThese are examples of family service at the level at which it is possible for the district\nworker to offer help in a generalized programme. Large case-loads and long distances\nof travel naturally tend to limit the amount and degree of service which is also dependent\non the level of skill and experience of the worker, but in every case a sincere effort is\nmade to help the family resolve the presenting problem and to strengthen family unity.\nFrom another report the work of the Family Service Section is tabulated on the basis\nof presenting problem and again shows the variety of service given. Some of the\nexamples are as follows:\u2014\n(1) Children of school age in the custody of their grandparents, under the\njurisdiction of the Official Guardian, who is responsible for maintenance.\nOur worker helps with planning for the children and reports to the Official\nGuardian.\n(2) Single elderly man of considerable wealth, who has lived for many years in\nan isolated location, was helped to adjust to boarding-home care and\nenvironment of local community.\n(3) Family of mother and five young children, with independent means\nalthough the father is in a tuberculosis institution, required considerable\nsupportive help because of loneliness and behaviour problems of the\nchildren, and need for family adjustments due to father's limitations in\nfuture.\n(4) Help with family problems, which arise because of absence of husband\nand father who must live apart from family by reason of his employment.\n(5) Counselling service given regarding the problems of step-children in a\nfamily background of frequent divorce and remarriage.\n(6) Counselling service to war brides who are finding it difficult to accept\nCanadian ways of living and their Canadian husbands in their civilian\nsetting.\n(7) Service rendered to safeguard children and responsibility of parents in\ncommon-law family units.\n(8) Counselling service on problems arising in families due to conflicts in\ncultural patterns or religious differences.\n(9) Service granted on request of doctor to assist parents to understand and\naccept children who are mentally retarded, epileptic, or physically handicapped.\nThese are but a few of the problems chosen at random from a long list of services.\nIn addition, there are the co-operative services with other divisions and other agencies,\nsuch as supervision of boys and girls released from the Industrial Schools and requiring\ncontinued supervision in their own or relatives' homes; follow-up service to families after\nChild Guidance Clinic or Provincial Mental Hospital supervision has ended;  or advice REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 41\nregarding various community resources and assistance in applying to these\u2014such as\nBenevolent Fund benefits, Junior Red Cross, B.C. Youth Foundation, Family Allowances,\nSchool for the Deaf and the Blind, Children's Travelling Clinic, and many others.\nIn addition, our workers render considerable service to agencies outside the Province\nand Canada who request interviews and reports on family members living in British\nColumbia, where another member of the family is seeking some service or counsel from\nthe inquiring agency.\nIn order to assess the factors which might affect the Family Service case-loads, one\nworker was asked to do a study of a real community, and the following is the report,\nshowing how the make-up of a community might affect a case-load and the factors which\nhelp to determine the nature of service given:\u2014\nSetting.\u2014This city and suburb have a combined population of approximately 6,600.\nThe city is new, having been incorporated within the last ten years. It is scattered in\narea, and since its incorporation has increased 50 per cent in population and 33V3 per\ncent in area. It is interesting to note that its population is essentially one of young\nfamilies. According to school figures and the city's census roll, the percentage of children\nto adults is double that of the City of Victoria.\nAnalysis of Case-load.\u2014It would appear only natural that in a city which is characterized by its quick growth and its youthful population to have a case-load which is\npredominantly (60 per cent) Family Service and Child Welfare. The assistance groups\nmake up 11 per cent of the total case-load and Old-age Pensions approximately 28 per\ncent. At present one out of every five of our cases is a Family Service case. These\ncomparative percentages have not changed greatly since a year ago, but the numbers in\neach category have increased. The above figures are based on a case-load as of April,\n1950, of 127.\nFactors Affecting the Family Services Case-load.\u2014Naturally one seeks for reasons\nfor such a large percentage of Family Service cases.    Among these are the following:\u2014\n(1) The general character of the population of the city with its emphasis on\nyoung people and large families. It is noted that this city is primarily\na centre of employment where people come almost solely to obtain\nemployment and not on account of any particular amenities which it\noffers. On the whole, people do not drift here except for employment\npurposes, and as it is a company town, it is essentially a wage-earner's\ncentre.\n(2) An increasing number of referrals by the Provincial Police and the school\nauthorities.    Most of their referrals have been on problem children.\n(3) An increasing awareness throughout the community of the nature of our\nwork and of the facilities such as the Child Guidance Clinic, which we have\nat hand. In this respect the very active Parent-Teacher Association has\nplayed a prominent role.\nWith these increasing referrals and the increasing awareness of our place in family\ncounselling comes the absolute necessity on the part of the social worker:\u2014\n(1) To make a careful selection of cases to be carried. It is interesting to note\nthat only about 50 per cent of the cases referred are carried as active cases\nby the worker.    The basis of our selectivity depends on:\u2014\n(a) The nature of the problem presented in each case.\n(b) The facilities within our Branch (such as Child Guidance Clinic,\netc.) and the community for assisting us in our work.\n(c) The amount of time the worker has to spend on these cases.\n(2) It has also made imperative the increasing necessity of the short-contact\ninterview, and this in turn adds a responsibility on the part of the worker\nto develop skills in this field. We are increasingly aware of the necessity\nin the above setting of stressing selectivity and the short-contact interview. R 42 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nAnalysis of Family Services Cases.\u2014The Family Services cases may be broken down\ninto three categories, though these are not too clear-cut and there is considerable overlapping:\u2014\n(1) There are the miscellaneous cases which include problems of people on\nmarginal income, Family Allowances, Deserted Wives' and Children's\nMaintenance Act, housing, etc. This general category has accounted for\nabout 30 per cent of the Family Service cases, and many of these were\nreferred for some assistance to the private resources.\n*(2) The largest group are those of children's behaviour problems, including\nthe cases referred by the Juvenile Court. This accounts for 50 per cent\nof our Family Service case-load. It is noteworthy, however, that although\nthe referrals come on the children, usually from the police and sometimes\nfrom parents or friends, the problems are family problems. Five of these\nduring the past year have been referred to the Child Guidance Clinic.\n*(3) The smallest group numerically, but the group requiring the most case\nwork, is that in which there is marital counselling. This group would\naccount for about one-fifth of our Family Service cases. We have never\ncarried more than two or three of these at any one time. In this group\nthe following factors are noted:\u2014\n(a) Emotional instability on the part of both or either one of the\nparents (usually the husband). We find that emotional difficulties are the\nunderlying cause of disruption.\n(b) Present in every case has been some degree of sexual maladjustment.\n(c) Financial difficulties appear to be the third focus of marital\ndifficulties, either too little money or too much money. The problem\nseems to-be one partly of budgeting and partly of assisting couples to face\ntheir problems rather than spend their resources in drink or other harmful\nactivity outside the home.\nIn the above study, reference is made to the short-contact interview, upon which the\nworkers have been concentrating in the past year, and an example of this service was\nrequested.    The following is a report of such an interview:\u2014\nMrs. Y. came to the office accompanied by her lawyer, who suggested that Mrs. Y. was\nin need, as she had left her husband and had two children to support. Mrs. Y. had only $50\nin cash and the lawyer felt she was a \" deserving case.\"\nIn the interview, after the lawyer had left, Mrs. Y. said she left her husband one week\nago because she could no longer tolerate his stealing, queerness, and inability to hold a job.\nShe had threatened many times before to leave him, and when he lost this last job for stealing\narticles from his place of employment, she contacted friends in another part of the Province\nwho offered to provide accommodation for her and her two children, both girls, aged 11\nand 3.   She and the children are living with friends at present and can stay there indefinitely.\nMrs. Y. is 40 years of age, has a smart appearance, wears glasses, and has a pleasant\nmanner. She has no affection now for her husband and hopes to be able to get a job in the\nnear future and provide for her children. Her husband sold all but a few pieces of the\nfurniture and so she will be starting out afresh.\nAlthough Mrs. Y. was not willing at this time for a worker to interview her husband,\nworker was impressed by her candidness and initiative. We wondered why Mrs. Y. had\ncome asking for financial help, as she did not seem concerned about money. She said she\nwasn't worried about funds, as she had relatives and friends who were prepared to help her.\n\"I'll never be stuck.\" It developed.that the lawyer had urged her to apply for assistance.\nThe idea had not occurred to her before, but she was willing to try.\nHer energy and initiative were commended and as well our policies regarding assistance\ninterpreted. Mrs. Y. realized she did not actually need money now. Worker encouraged her\nto continue her efforts to find a job, and as she was already optimistic about possibilities here,\nit might be only a short while before she got one. In the meantime, she had good friends\nand accommodation.\n* Worker's Note.\u2014Categories (2) and (3) cannot really be separated. REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 43\nMrs. Y. realized that we could be more helpful to her when she was more helpful to\nherself. She then asked about care for her 3-year-old child, thinking that she might be\nunable to look after her if she got a job. We suggested that in view of the many apparent\nstrengths in the whole situation, that she might find she would solve this problem when it\narose, but, in any event, we could suggest a suitable home for private placement, or if the\nsituation warranted it, assume more responsibility in placing the child with client contributing to maintenance.\nThis idea was satisfactory to Mrs. Y., and interview concluded with client prepared to\ncontinue job-hunting and knowing that if she needed help later we would be available.\nWhile the worker in this situation would be aware of underlying emotional difficulties\ncaused by separation and possible later problems, the fact that Mrs. Y. was able and\nwished to make her own plans for the time being were not disregarded. In consequence,\nour participation in her plan was not imposed upon her, but rather the assurance that if\nany time our services were needed, we would be willing to help.\nOther Services\nTwo such services, which represent examples of co-operation between Federal Government departments and private agencies, are given for the Family Allowances Division\nof the Department of Health, and Welfare and the British Columbia Youth Foundation,\nwhose inquiries are directed through the divisional office and for whom we undertake\na reporting service.\nDuring the year under review the volume of Family Allowance inquiries (for which\nwe are reimbursed) are as follows: \u2014\nFamily Allowances\nTable IV.\u2014Requests Received from Family Allowances Division,\nApril 1st, 1949, to March 31st, 1950\nPending as at April 1st, 1949     95\nReceived during fiscal year April 1st, 1949, to March 31st,\n1950, by months\u2014\nApril  .     33\nMay      44\nJune     43\nJuly     20\nAugust.     22\nSeptember      31\nOctober      31\nNovember      28\nDecember      3 2\nJanuary, 1950     31\nFebruary 1     29\nMarch      32\n  376\nTotal case-load   471\nCases completed within fiscal year  438\nCases pending as at April 1st, 1950 ;     33 R 44 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nTable V.\u2014Requests to District Offices and Other Agencies\nPending as at April 1st, 1949  102\nSent out during fiscal year April 1st, 1949, to March 31st,\n1950, by regions\u2014\nRegion I*      44\nRegion Ilf  178\nRegion III     31\nRegion IV     43\nRegion V ,     36\n\u25a0  332\nTotal number of requests  434\nRequests completed within fiscal year, by regions\u2014\nRegion I*     55\nRegion Ilf 1  210\nRegion III .     40\nRegion IV     47\nRegion V     28\n 380\nRequests pending as at April 1st, 1950     54\n* Includes requests to private agencies in Victoria City.\nt Includes requests to private agencies in Vancouver City.\nBritish Columbia Youth Foundation\nFor the British Columbia Youth Foundation the following statistics are noted:\nTable VI.\u2014British Columbia Youth Foundation Applications\nPending as at April 1st, 1949     8\nApplications received\u2014\nRegion I      4\nRegion II      7\nRegion III     3\nRegion IV      5\nRegion V     1\n\u2014 20\n28\nGrants   9\nWithdrawals  3\nRefusals   3\nPending as at March 31st, 1950  13\nConclusion\n28\nIt is hoped that this report will serve in some measure to give a clearer outline of\nthat section of our work defined as Family Service for purposes of statistical recording,\nwhile it must not be forgotten that in actual practice the same degree of service and skill\nis offered and given in Mothers' Allowance and Social Allowance cases as well.\nFor their efforts in this area of service, and for their assistance in compiling this\nreport, we wish to express appreciation to the district workers, supervisors, and field\nconsultants. T ,., \u201e\nJ. M. Riddell,\nSupervisor. REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 45\nCHILD WELFARE DIVISION\nI beg to present herewith the Annual Report for the Child Welfare Division for the\nfiscal year ended March 31st, 1950.\nDuring the fiscal year 1949-50 the Child Welfare Division has been concerned\nprimarily with the clarification and review of policy as it relates to those areas of administration already or to be decentralized to the field. The two-way interpretation from\ndivision to field now possible through field consultants has enabled us to broaden a number of policies pertaining to the adoption placement of children, and early in the new\nfiscal year we expect to be able to decentralize additional phases of unmarried parents'\nwork, as well as the admission of children to non-ward care.\nThe structure of decentralization is gradually becoming clearly established. However, its ultimate success will depend upon whether or not a high standard of preventive\nfamily and child welfare work can be maintained in the field, and this, in turn, will depend\nupon the ability of the Branch to maintain a reasonable ratio of experienced supervisors\nand staff to clients in the face of ever-increasing case-loads in all phases of the Social\nWelfare Branch programme.\n\" PROTECTION OF CHILDREN ACT \"\nThere were 189 children from 112 families apprehended under the \" Protection of\nChildren Act \" this year, an increase of 77 over last year's number. Nine of these, from\nfour families, were not presented at Court, as their parents, when located, were able to\nmake satisfactory plans for them. Four children from another family were presented,\nbut returned to their own home under our supervision by order of the Court, and 19\nchildren, from 9 families, were presented, but the application withdrawn when alternative\nplans were offered by parents or relatives. There were 126 children, from 74 families,\nmade wards of the Superintendent of Child Welfare, and applications for the remaining\n31 children, from 24 families, are still before the Court.\nIn addition to the 189 children apprehended, 281 children, from 182 families, were\nadmitted to care at the request of the parent or parents on a non-ward basis, and 23\nchildren, from 22 families, were committed to the care of the Superintendent of Child\nWelfare under the \" Juvenile Delinquents Act.\" In all, 493 children, from 316 families,\nwere admitted during the year, and 52 children were accepted for supervision from\nChildren's Aid Societies or agencies in other Provinces. Omitting these 52 children, this\nrepresents an increase of 199 children over last year's admissions\u2014a cause for some\nconcern.\nA study of reasons why the 189 children were apprehended under the \" Protection\nof Children Act\" has established with reasonable certainty the fact that no alternative\nplan was possible at that time. Undoubtedly, if our preventive work had been more\nadequate in the past, some of the family breakdowns could have been averted. Also,\nto-day's more complete coverage of services throughout the Province and the greater\ndegree of stability in staff which the Branch has achieved has brought to light a number\nof serious and long existent neglect situations. These two factors could account for\nmuch of the sharp increase in admissions, but in view of the rising population in British\nColumbia, similar situations may again have to be overlooked if we do not increase the\nstaff of the Branch accordingly. If we do not do so, we can expect to have a continuing\nincrease in the numbers of children admitted to care.\nAn analysis of the non-ward admissions gives a more positive picture in that the\nconstructive use of placement in certain family crises can be distinctly seen. Ninety-one\nchildren of the 281 admitted came to us pending completion of plans for adoption or\nother permanent placement. Thirty-four other children, who up to this time had known\nlittle else but institutional life in this and the Old Country, were admitted from the Fair-\nbridge Farm School.    Of the remaining 156 non-wards admitted, 102 were children R 46 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nwhose parent or parents were ill, and 21 had one parent (usually the mother) deceased\nor deserting. The parents of another 15 children were divorced, and the one awarded\ncustody needed help in planning. One other child was admitted pending repatriation to\nanother Province, and 15 came into care because of serious behaviour problems.\nMany of these children should be in care for a short period only if their parents can\nbe given the constructive help that would enable them to work through their problems\nand re-establish a home. Others, who have been badly hurt by the experiences which\nlife has brought them, will require the most skilful treatment over a long period of time\nif their stay in care is to be of benefit. Our observations during the year in this and other\nphases of child welfare lead us to believe that there must be still further freedom from\nthe pressures which accrue in a far-reaching programme such as ours, and greater opportunity provided for supervisors and workers to learn skills in treatment of children and\ntheir parents if this part of our programme is to be really effective.\nIncomplete Committals\nAs at March 31st, 1950, 62 children, from 44 families, who had been apprehended\nunder the \" Protection of Children Act \" during this and previous years, were still before\nthe Court awaiting completion of committal. Some of these delays have been caused by\ndifficulties in establishment of and disputes over residence. Unquestionably, much valuable time and effort would be saved if a more simplified means of determining and sharing\nfinancial responsibility between Provincial and municipal governments could be devised.\nWards Returned to Own Parents\nDuring the year 5 children, from 3 families, were re-established with their parents\nand the order of committal rescinded by the Court, and 3 children, from 2 families,\nreturned on a probationary period.\nFOSTER PLACEMENT OF CHILDREN\nA total of 938 children in the care of the Superintendent of Child Welfare were\nplaced in Child Welfare Division foster homes during the year. In addition, we had 398\nchildren in the care of a Children's Aid Society; 15 other wards were resident with their\nfoster-parents or relatives in other Provinces, and the respective Superintendents of\nChild Welfare have been requested to admit them to care and to extend supervision on\nour behalf; 17 other children were in a Provincial institution in this Province. Summing\nthis up, the Superintendent of Child Welfare had 1,368 children in care during the fiscal\nyear, and we begin the new fiscal year with 741 of our children in Child Welfare Division\nfoster homes, 279 with Children's Aid Societies, 13 under the supervision of another\nProvince, and 10 in Provincial institutions, making a total of 1,043 children in the care\nof the Superintendent of Child Welfare as at March 31st, 1950.\nAmong the 545 children newly admitted to care during the year, 65 over 12 years\nof age came because of serious behaviour difficulties, and of the 189 removed from their\nhomes under the \" Protection of Children Act \" because of neglect or need of proper\nguardianship, a probable 75 per cent will need concentrated help and guidance over\na long period of time if they are to understand and accept what their parental relationships have meant to them. If workers have not the time to help these children with their\nproblems, placement away from their own homes will only add to their confusion and\nresentment. For instance, there was Joey, the little boy who came to us this year while\nhis mother was undergoing hospital treatment for a condition considered to be the outcome of her own neurosis. During his seven years of life, Joey had known innumerable\nboarding homes. The brief periods in his own home left him with only vivid memories\nof an unreasonable, unloving, and harsh mother. His father had long since ceased to be\ninterested and had left the family soon after Joey's birth. This boy knew he did not\nwant to go back to his mother, but before he can relate happily to other adults as he REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 47\ngrows older, someone will have to help Joey to understand why his mother and father\nbehaved as they did, and help him to realize that he need not reproach himself for wanting to be away from them. A time-consuming and demanding task for any worker\u2014\nbut how challenging and how rewarding!\nSome Results of Placement\nIt is difficult to assess the results of foster-home placement. With some children\nwe can but admit failure\u2014because of our own lack of skill or a lack of other adequate\ntreatment facilities to meet a particular child's needs. The real test of our work comes\nwhen and if we have opportunity to observe the child as he grows to adulthood and can\nevaluate his ability to form mature and meaningful relationships in his work and personal\nlife. There is a great need for research in this area, and child-placing agencies should not\nbe without such knowledge to guide them in future building and planning.\nThere are some children each year, however, who encourage us by their evident\nability to reach out for new learning and experiences, and we know from their early and\nunhappy associations that this newly gained insight and courage did not \" just happen \"\u2014\na skilful worker and loving, understanding foster-parents helped constructively.\nA 17-year-old boy is making good marks this year in his matriculation term and has\nplans to go on to a professional degree. Not many years ago he was one of the \" bad\nboys \" in a community, and the hostility he felt toward the world in general might easily\nhave spelled disaster for him. Another boy, who was found abandoned eighteen years\nago, and who has suffered acutely with asthma since babyhood, is reaching out for some\nvocational training this year. It will have to be on a part-time basis because he is not\nrobust, and he has still to resolve many inner conflicts, but he is at last showing some\nability to accept the most bitter of all facts to a child\u2014his parents' complete rejection\nof him. Two girls, who have been in care for a number of years, married this year, and\ntheir choice of partners and their ability to share in planning with the workers indicates\na good degree of mature judgment. Another girl, who came to us six years ago from\na sad and sordid home situation, as a 15-year-old unmarried mother of two children,\nwired us this spring from a nurses' training-school: \" Made it. Got capped Tuesday.\nKay.\"\nThese and others of our children have been helped to gain greater insight through\nwhich they are able to build satisfying lives for themselves. Their very progress, however, makes us doubly conscious of the boys and girls we are unable to help.\nOur immediate goal must unquestionably be the development of more effective\ntreatment facilities. When these are available, many more of our disturbed children can\nbe helped, and our use of foster homes for placement can be on a more selective and\nconstructive basis than is now possible, since these constitute almost our only placement\nresources.\nCOST OF MAINTAINING CHILDREN IN THE CARE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF CHILD WELFARE OR A CHILDREN'S SOCIETY\nIn addition to the 1,368 children in the care of the Superintendent of Child Welfare,\nthe three Children's Aid Societies had in their care 1,905 children during the year,\nmaking the total number of children in care 3,273. How the cost of maintaining this\ngroup of children was shared between Community Chests, municipal governments, and\nthe Provincial Government is shown in the following statement:\u2014 R 48 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nChildren in Child Welfare Division foster homes, as at March 31st, 1950     741\nProvincial Government responsible for 100 per cent, of cost     376\nProvincial Government responsible for 80 per cent and\nmunicipality for 20 per cent of cost      199\nFairbridge Farm School (100 per cent, recoverable)        14\nOther Provinces responsible for 100 per cent  7\n596\nWards in free homes, or who have become wholly or partly self-\nsupporting  .      145\nNumber of children for whom full maintenance was paid as at\nMarch 31 st, 1950      596\nTotal number of children in care of Children's Aid Societies during the\nfiscal year ended March 31st, 1950  1,905\nProvincial Government responsible for 100 per cent of cost     488\nProvincial Government responsible for 80 per cent and\nmunicipality for 20 per cent of cost      799\nFairbridge Farm School        17\nOther Provinces and agencies        11\n1,315\nPaid for by Community Chest, or in free homes, or who have become wholly or partially self-supporting      590\n1,315\nCOST OF MAINTAINING CHILDREN IN CHILD WELFARE DIVISION FOSTER\nHOMES, CHILDREN'S AID SOCIETIES, AND SUNDRY EXPENDITURES\nThe cost of maintaining 989 children in Child Welfare Division foster homes during\nthe fiscal year ended March 31st, 1950, was carried as follows:\u2014\nGross cost of maintenance to Provincial Government \u2022_  $188,021.58\nLess\u2014\nMunicipal 20-per-cent share for children\nwith municipal residence  $16,330.29\nParents' contributions _.         5,551.61\nReceived from other Provinces       2,075.36\nReceived from Children's Aid Societies\nfor their children in care of Child\nWelfare Division     19,991.90\nReceived from Fairbridge Farm School...      1,790.96\nReceived from Dominion Government... 233.02\nMiscellaneous ,       1,962.26\n      47,935.40\nNet cost to Provincial Government  $140,086.18 REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 49\nBrought forward   $140,086.18\nCost of total number of children in the care of Children's Aid\nSocieties chargeable to Provincial Government or municipal governments during the fiscal year ended March 31st, 1950, was carried as\nfollows:\u2014\nCost of maintenance of children with Provincial\nresidence  $253,400.78\nRefunds to municipalities, 80 per cent of maintenance of children with municipal residence    241,904.80\n$495,305.58\nLess\u2014\nPaid by municipalities for\nChild Welfare Division\nchildren in Children's\nAid Societies' care  $11,214.88\nParents' contributions       3,706.69\nPaid by Dominion Government        1,838.23\nPaid by other Provinces......      3,118.99\nFairbridge Farm School.....      2,740.12\nMiscellaneous credits       1,487.39\n       24,106.30\nAdditional expenditures:\u2014\nGross expenditure for Jewish overseas children    $14,556.21\nLess reimbursement from European Children's Committee       17,572.14\n471,199.28\n(Overpayment  represents  amount  chargeable  to  former\nyears)          3,015.93\nGross transportation of children       $6,777.96\nLess reimbursements from parents  527.85\n         6,250.11\nGrants to institutions '.         1,300.00\nNet cost to Province .  $615,819.64\nReconciliation\nFoster homes  $188,021.58\nChildren's Aid Societies  495,305.58\nGross expenditure for Jewish overseas children  14,556.21\nTransportation of children  6,250.11\nGrants to institutions  1,300.00\n$705,433.48\nLess sundry collections.and refunds       89,613.84\nNet expenditure as per Child Welfare  $615,819.64\nAdd \" Motor-vehicle Act \" collections  44.49\nNet expenditure per Public Accounts  $615,864.13 R\n50\nBRITISH\nCOLUMBIA\n\"ri\nftininror'\nro     !\no\nH\nniDtN^ov\n-*\nvo oo ro\no\n*H  *H  Ol H\nw\n'\"'\nI       (N\no\\\nJ\nw\nH\nPh\" S*a\nAh\n! *H     1\n1        y-4\n1\ncn\nOfcf\nh\nM\n3^\nCO\n_lro\n^o\ng\n1-1   |   j   |   j\n1-1       III\n\u00a72\nE   .\ni i i i i\nE i 1 i i\na\n<\n\"i.   i   cn\nT-l        \u25a0\n^\nPa 5\nw1^\n, , , , _,\no\nH\nz\nw\nS\nT\nrtmtN\n<N           J     I     J\nin rt- t-H\nill!\nBu\nON\nH\nu\n-a.\n-J\nPh\nZ\n2 3\npqU\n>n in o\\ en m\nr>        !   i    :\nCO\nZ <\nw   \u2022\nH cn\nZ u\nro (N O\nI      \u00abn\ncN\nZ <\n5 w\nw <\nE3 cn\n.  cn\nB Z\neuP\ncN Tt vo ro en\nCO          !     !    :\nS W\nTf\nO H\nSo\na\no\n>\n5\nw\n5\n\u00b0l\no P\nK   -\n< H\nOS\n* t\/i\nWt3\nX> OS Os CC o\nen        :   i   :\ntN   :\ng\n< sj\ni-h  i\u2014l          t\u20141\nglH\n2\n3\ncj\u00a3\nOb\nzS\no\nVO SO CA Os T\\\noo          II!\nro        i    :    :\nz\n00 *-*\no\\\nD\n-J\nON\nON\nn\nu\na\n0\nZ\nIf\nU a\n\\\u00a3> Os so O O\nu\noo t-i Os\nWHOtNMn\nt-\nvo ro\no\nH\nCO\nOMViOiN\nOs        \"^\\0O\nCO\nJ         00\nd\nPS\nPh\n<\n%\n<\no\nH\n1\no\nPh\nOS\nn\n<\nCm\n(S *H\nCO\nM\n#\n. \u00b1 cn\nPh fl-O\n1 *H     1      I     1\n*H        III\n.\n1 rn\n\u201e\ni   :   j   :   i\n<\nU\nz\ni\u2014i\n\u00b0Z%\ni     !     I\na\n<%\n^^\na u\nkJ co\ns\nCQ\nZ\nB\na\nj      j\n-      Ml\n-\ni   ;   ;\nj   |\ni   i   !   i   i\n!   i   1   i   i\no\ntn\nu\ntH\n>-,\n\u2022o\nCD\nz\nm\ntt\na\n-j\n<\n- \u00ab H\nyZ*\nt\/j^*\nO *n en i-i as\nOO             I      ! O\n\u00a715\nzg\nS5\nI- cn\nZ 7\nOJ \u25a1\nt~o\\ onvo in\nm           !     j\ncn\nas T> ca      \u00ab\u25a0\nt\u2014\n!  !  ! .!\nc  \u25a0\n3\ns\nsi\npjO\n\u00a3 *\nE\nC\\ \u25a0* rh ^ Tt\nTt            1 \u2022-< in\nON\ni 3\n! i-c\nIH\nCJ\n0\no\n<\nZ\no\nen en en w\n^\nHI\nH CO\nZ\u00ab\nIP\nrs\nTt\n5\u00b0\nSi\n|!|i\nn\nC\na\ng\n#\n. I-\nN^M^-cn\n<n           !     !     |\nIO\ntn <N    !\ncn\nB 9\nfN\nfe5\no\n>\no|\nC0<1\nU- at\n\u00b0 a\nO H\n'     ''     ''     '     !\nti-i\no\nH\nQ\n< z\n<\no\nJ\u20141\nQ\nZ\n<\nco-a\nHh0OCOO\\\nen          Iii\nm\nm -\nSO\n0\na\n< i\nz z\nm\na\n3\nCJ\u00a3\nz\na\n'\nz\nw\nQ\ncn\n-o\nu\nrt\n\u00a7\n1 co\nOO t^ CA CC SO\n5     |  |m\n00\nIDHH       c\n\u2022H\n|     1\n1     i\n\"IIII\nIiii\n\u00ab\nS\n55\nu\nu\nz\nI\na\nH\n<-3\nOs CA y-t CA rH\nTt         Ti Tl CA\nro\n0\nfr*H        r>\n<\nyrf\nr^ ro tn      r>\nro\nTD\nH\na\u00a3\na\n1   i\nfeJ Js\n\u25a0a\ng\nca\n0   1\nii\n\u25a0?.s\ndSoci\nSociet\nSociet\nen's A\n!     !\na\n.2 \u00ab\nCU\n1\n.a\nS a\n<33-a c\u00ab\nIH\nq\nrt\ncn \"O\nS   M\n> c\nsn's\nsA\nChil\nKion\n0\nhildr\ndren\ndren\nto a\nm re\no o\no\nO 33 a \u201e .8\na \"\nrr\nC\nC\n'ci\ncu\na c\n0 c\n'5c \"3\no   cu\nC B\n.2 .9\n'Ei'5\no aj\nransferre\nduring y\no other P\no a Child\nc\nH\nancouver\natholic C\nictoria C\nransferre\nD\n\"3\nc\nH\no S\nt-H     U\nPh .\u00ab\n\u00ab-.  cn\ng q\nD\na\nC\nH\nt\/\nV.\nc\na\n0\nX\nrt\nc\nX\na\n\"3\nc\nH\nP-;\nO\nPhPSK\ntf-M          H      r*H\n>U>H\nOH\n(T\nC\nn ph vi REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH\nIn total, the Superintendent of Child Welfare assumed responsibility\nchildren during the fiscal year 1949-50, as follows:\u2014\nWards\u2014\nOf Superintendent\u2014\n\" Protection of Children Act \"    476\n\" Juvenile Delinquents Act \"     50\nOf Children's Aid Societies     85\nOf other Provinces .__     62\n673\nBefore Court awaiting committal =.  162\nNon-wards\u2014\nOf Superintendent  530\nOf Children's Aid Societies  1\nOf other Provinces  2\nAt March 31st, 1950, the Superintendent of Child Welfare had in care:-\nWards\u2014\nOf Superintendent\u2014\n\" Protection of Children Act \"  498\n\" Juvenile Delinquents Act \"  47\nOf Children's Aid Societies  65\nOf other Provinces  52\n662\nBefore Court awaiting committal      62\nNon-wards\u2014\nOf Superintendent  317\nOf Children's Aid Societies       1\nOf other Provinces       1\nR 51\nfor  1,368\n 835\n 533\n1,368\n\u25a0 724\n319\n1,043\nCHILDREN FOR ADOPTION\nA comparison of the numbers of children placed for adoption by the Child Welfare\nDivision and the three Children's Aid Societies during the past three years leaves no doubt\nbut that greater emphasis is being placed on the need to find a permanent home for every\nchild who can use one:\u2014\nYear\nChild\nWelfare\nDivision\nVictoria\nC.A.S.\nVancouver\nC.A.S.\nCatholic\nC.A.S.\nTotal\n194S                 -\n1949                                 : - - \t\n72\n117\n147\n25\n49\n39\n163\n184\n192\n17\n28\n277\n378\n1950   -     \t\n30        |        408\nTotals                  \u2014 -\t\n336\n113\n539\n75        1     1.063\nAlong with this very satisfying increase in the number of children placed in adoptive\nhomes are two important developments:  First, that children are being placed by agencies R 52\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nat a much earlier age and, second, that we have broadened our standards of selectivity of\nchildren for adoption. As a result, we are presently carefully reviewing children of all\nages now in foster homes who could and should have the security of adoption placement,\nand intend in time to achieve this for them.\nThe majority of children placed for adoption are under 1 year of age, and this will,\nof course, always be so, since adoption is so closely linked with planning for the unmarried mother. However, children in the older age-groups, 2 to 10 years, who have come\nto us for care, were not always thought of in terms of adoption soon enough, and the\nincreased number of these children whom we have been able to place successfully in\nadoption homes this year is most encouraging.\nLong\nTerm\nUsual\nProbation\nFoster\nHome to\nAdoption\nUnder\n1 Mo.\n1-2\nMos.\n3-5\nMos.\n6-11\nMos.\n1-2\nYrs.\n3-4\nYrs.\n5-9\nYrs.\nReligion\nTotal\nR.C.\nProt.\nRegion I\nRegion II\nRegion III\t\nRegion IV\u2014\t\nRegion V   \t\n11\n25\n17\n13\n4\n6\n27\n18\n8\n10\n1\n3\n3\n1\n2\n22\n5\n5\n2\n6\n21\n19\n9\n6\n5\n5\n5\n4\n4\n2\n4\n4\n2\n1\n2\n2\n2\n1\n1\n2\n1\n1\n2\n\u2014\n1\n2\n4\n5\n1\n17         18\n53          55\n31          35\n19         24\n14    1     15\nTotals ..\n70\n69\n8\n36\n61\n23\n13\n7\n4\n3\n13\n134    | 147\nPlacing older children with people who will become as their own parents is a task\nwhich requires careful and sensitive handling. They are old enough to remember consciously their former experiences with adults, and it can take weeks of frequent visiting\non the part of the social worker with the child and with the prospective adopting parents\nbefore 4- or 5-year-old Mary or Johnny knows he can trust these people unreservedly.\nEven in the most successful of these placements, and perhaps for a long time to come,\nthis little person will do many surprising and sometimes disturbing things in his new\nhome, but if the adopting parents have been chosen wisely, they will understand that\nhe is simply seeking reassurance of their love for him. Once he knows this, there will\nbe deep satisfaction in the placement for him and the adoptive family.\nThis was certainly true for 7-year-old Edward. Born prior to his mother's marriage,\nhe had been placed by her over the years in a number of boarding homes and finally in\nan institution. When she married, a hope that she might ultimately have Eddie with her\nproved futile, and they had to face permanent separation. After weeks of getting to know\nEddie, a home was chosen where the son in the family was 13 years old, and where\nobviously deep feelings of warmth and affection existed between all members. More\ntime was spent in allowing Eddie and his new family to get acquainted, and then Eddie\nwent to their home near the shore for the summer. Toward the fall, the worker records,\n\" Eddie could not sleep one night and told Mr. and Mrs. G. that he was so worried because\nhe wanted to stay with them for ever and didn't want them to send him back.\" Eddie\nhad not by any means been the proverbial \" model child \" on all occasions, but they did\nnot \" send him back.\" Rather, they are helping him through their love and understanding to become a self-reliant and dependable boy, and we feel sure that he will\nultimately be a happily secure and permanent member of their family group through\nlegal adoption.\nIn our efforts to place more of our children at a younger age and to find permanent\nhomes for those whose development requires an extended period of medical observation,\nit seems necessary to broaden our present medical policies. Adopting parents, generally,\nare willing and anxious to take the normal risks of parenthood involved in the development of a child, and some are financially able to undertake what subsequent special\nmedical care may be needed. But, since the children we place are primarily a responsibility of the Division and some of the surgical and medical care required is costly, it seems REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH\nR 53\nreasonable for the Department to consider the extension of the same medical coverage\nto these children on adoption probation as is available to those in foster homes until such\ntime as the recommended course of treatment is complete.\nCompleted Adoptions\nThere were 733 adoptions completed by Court order this year\u2014an increase of 93\nover last year, and in these we can see clearly the increased activity on the part of agencies\nin this Province to secure permanent homes for children in the decreasing number of\nplacements made through irregular channels.\nAdoptions Completed April 1st, 1949, to March 31st, 1950\nAgency\nPrivate\nAdopting\nMother\nIs Natural\nMother\nRelative\nTotal\nChild Welfare Division completed adoption\u2014\n26\n40\n27\n19\n8\n27\n52\n25\n14\n21\n12\n45\n16\n21\n10\n3\n2\n2\n1\n2\n68\nRegion II     \t\nRegion III  _  ___ .-\t\n139\n70\n55\n41\n120\n143\n28\n30\n139\n57\n11\n12\n104\n57\n5\n10\n10\n4\n1\n2\n373\n261\n45\n54\n321\n219\n176\n17\n733\nMost of the 219 children shown in the above chart as placed for adoption privately\u2014\nthat is, without the aid of a social agency\u2014are reasonably safe and secure in their new\nhomes, because it is probably true that the average couple seeking to adopt a child have\na genuine warmth and love for children. However, there are those with less pure\nmotives. A shaky marriage relationship, a neurotic husband or wife who has been\nadvised \" to adopt a child to take their minds off their troubles \"\u2022\u2014these and many more\nsubtle but equally unsound motives do not make for a successful and happy home life\nfor a child. There are other factors, too, in the casual placement of children which create\nhazards, particularly for the very young child. For instance, the four children of one\nfamily whose parents advertised them for adoption and who all needed extensive medical\ncare and treatment. Three of them were subsequently removed from the homes in which\ntheir parents had placed them because the adopting parents' expressed \" love of children \"\ndid not go deep enough to allow them to assume the heavy medical bills and constant\ncare required. These children, who have been in an agency's care for months now,\nare responding well to treatment and are receiving the kind of loving acceptance which\nwill safeguard their healthy development.\nChildren whose parents do not themselves protect and provide for them need\ngreater protection from the State than we are able to give in our present legislation, and\nit is proposed that an amendment to the \"Adoption Act \" be considered whereby no child\nmay be placed by his parent or other persons until the approval of the Superintendent\nof Child Welfare is obtained.\n\"CHILDREN OF UNMARRIED PARENTS ACT\"\nClosely associated with adoption placement of children is our work with the unmarried mother and father, and it is significant to note that while the number of illegitimate\nbirths registered with the Division of Vital Statistics exceeded last year's by only fifty-\nnine, the numbers of unmarried mothers known to social agencies during the same period\nincreased markedly.   This can only mean that our services are reaching and are accept- R 54 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nable to a larger portion of the population, and, as a result, we are able to offer better and\nearlier planning for the majority of children in this group.\nPayments under the \" Children of Unmarried Parents Act\" increased this year by\n$5,019.60. A review of how the total amount of $38,511.95 was collected shows that\nworkers are endeavouring to administer this Act in a socially constructive manner to the\nend that the mother and putative father can share realistically in planning for their own\nfuture in relation to that of their child. A case in point is one in which adoption placement of the child was under consideration at the mother's request, and, in the course of\nplanning, we interviewed the putative father. Emphasis was placed on the fact that we\nwere asking him to give us assistance in planning for his son. Out of the interview came\na desire on his part to resolve the difficulties which had come between him and the child's\nmother, and a determination to establish a sound family life for them. Marriage to each\nother is not the answer in many such situations. However, we believe, with the emphasis\nplaced on the need for responsible planning where a child's future is concerned, the\ninterview under the \" Children of Unmarried Parents Act \" can be a constructive experience through which unmarried mothers and fathers can gain insight and understanding\nof the responsibilities of adult relationships. A newly devised interview guide prepared\nin the Division and distributed to district workers this year emphasizes this approach and\nis proving to be helpful in the field.\nFurther Decentralization\nInterviews with unmarried fathers in the City of Vancouver have always been carried\nby a divisional supervisor. However, in line with our general policy of decentralization,\nthis work will gradually be transferred to the Vancouver district office of the Social\nWelfare Branch during the early part of the new fiscal year. Because it is essential to\nmaintain continuity in Court and outside agency relationships, the work will be assigned\nto one worker. The transfer of this block of work to the general district office should\nhelp both field and Division to clarify further the responsibilities of each, and result in\na better service to clients in this metropolitan area.\nAs at March 31st, 1950, there were 508 active unmarried parents' cases known to\nthe Division, and on 276 of these an affiliation order, agreement, or settlement had been\nobtained.\nAffiliation orders as at April 1st, 1949     96\nNew affiliation orders during fiscal year     19\nAgreements as at April 1st, 1949     93\nNew agreements during fiscal year     53\nNew settlements and releases during year     15\nTotal   276\nHOSPITAL AND MEDICAL SERVICES FOR CHILDREN\nAs intimated last year, we are still meeting some difficulties with regard to hospitalization of children who are in our care at the request of their parents or, as they are\ntermed, non-wards. While the majority of parents can and do include their children\nin their own registration and payment of premiums for hospitalization, some are less\nresponsible, and some, as in the case of many unmarried mothers, are not financially\nable to meet the cost involved. An awkward situation arises when hospitalization of\nthe child becomes necessary. Hospitals are loath to admit them when there is no\nassurance that the bill will be paid, and we, having undertaken to provide all needed\ncare, must still reject responsibility for such costs under present policies. A review of\nthese is necessary this next year in order that each child in our care can be eligible for\nthis essential service. REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 55\nDuring the fiscal year both wards and non-wards in the care of the Superintendent\nof Child Welfare or a Children's Aid Society were included in the agreement entered\ninto between the Social Welfare Branch and the British Columbia College of Physicians\nand Surgeons for complete medical care. The cost to the Branch is $14.50 annually\nfor each child, and we feel highly secure in the medical coverage provided.\nHEALTH OF THE CHILDREN\nWe regret to report the death of one baby, aged 3 months, from a congenital\ndigestive condition, who failed to respond to medical treatment. Another child, aged\n14 years, suffered an industrial accident while working during her summer holidays.\nThe employer did not abide by the child labour laws and placed her at work outside\nthe ruling of the Act. Swift legal action was taken by the Labour Department, and an\nappropriate pension will be awarded through the \" Workmen's Compensation Act,\" but\nunfortunately this girl has suffered a permanent handicap to one hand. Preparing her\nfor suitable employment as she grows older will be complicated, but, fortunately, her\nability and interests seem to tend toward work in which we are advised her particular\nhandicap will be at a minimum.\nWe have also in care four children who came to us for special medical treatment\nnot available in their home area. Two of these are responding well\u2014one will require\na long period of care and retraining, and for one there is no known help that we can\nobtain. As can be expected, placement of these children, since they require constant\nand demanding care, is costly, and the finding of suitable foster homes for them is a difficult and time-consuming task for the social workers.\nThe rest of the children in care during the year have been in excellent physical\nhealth, and we are most appreciative of the interest and care provided them by doctors\nand public health nurses throughout the Province.\nTHE PERMANENTLY PHYSICALLY HANDICAPPED CHILD\nWe are pleased to report that our concern about the lack of facilities available for\nthis group of children has resulted in an arrangement being made with the Queen\nAlexandra Solarium, Cobble Hill, Vancouver Island, by which it will admit certain\nchildren who, in the opinion of their medical adviser, can benefit by the programme\noffered. Some will still have to be excluded because of the limitations of the present\nbuildings. However, the board of the Solarium is deeply interested in this so far\n\" forgotten \" group of children, and in their new building plans, adequate space and\nfacilities to meet their needs will be provided.\nFAMILY ALLOWANCES\nA total of $32,961.64 was received from the Family Allowances Department\nduring the year for children in care; $19,491.74 was spent, and a balance of $13,469.90\nas at March 31st, 1950, is being held in trust. From the expenditures made it is\nevident that we are using Family Allowances constructively in work with foster-children.\nA total of $2,994.04 was used to provide camp and other summer vacations, sports\nequipment, musical instruments, music lessons, bicycles, Scout and Guide uniforms, and\nmany other special articles or projects in which children showed aptitude; $12,754.79\nwas spent by foster-mothers on behalf of children; $1,035.01 was transferred to\nadoptive mothers when children were placed on adoption probation; and $1,658.96\nwas paid to children's own parents when they were discharged from care. In addition,\n$359 was refunded to the Family Allowances Department and $689.94 paid to a Children's Aid Society for children transferred to their care for supervision. R 56 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nMAINTENANCE AND CLOTHING FOR CHILDREN\nFoster-home rates have not been increased since July, 1948, at which time policy\nwas altered to allow for all clothing to be paid for by the Division, and naturally the cost\nof this item has increased. We spent $41,901.94 throughout the Province for clothing,\nwhich is an increase of $8,998.53 over last year. But the average expenditure per child\nwas only $70.30, which is not an unreasonable amount in a year, and at least, to a degree,\nhelped to bridge the gap which exists between current foster-home rates and the cost of\nliving. The historically low rate paid foster-parents may not always have a bearing on\nthe availability of homes, but if we are to look to foster-parents for the care and training\nwe want for our children, then we must be prepared to offer them a considerably higher\nboard rate in the not too distant future.\nOVERSEAS CHILDREN\nOne of the four British overseas children remaining in Canada has enrolled as\na student nurse this year, and her sister is completing high school. A still younger\nsister of this family is making satisfactory progress at school and in her home life, as is\nthe fourth British overseas child in care.\nJEWISH OVERSEAS CHILDREN\nIt is evident from the accomplishments and present activities of the original forty-\nsix Jewish children who came to us in 1948-49 that they have made a remarkable\nadjustment in this country. Remembering the hardships these children had known\nduring the war years in Europe, we cannot but feel admiration for their ability and\ndesire to make a happy adjustment, and for the workers who have so ably helped them\nthrough the many and inevitable difficulties in a new and, in so many ways, totally\ndifferent way of life.\nThree of the girls are now happily married into Canadian families. One girl is in\nan Eastern city with an older married sister, and another girl is also comfortably settled\nwith a friend in another Province. One boy moved East with his foster-family, and one\nboy is established in a jewellery business in a large Eastern city.\nThese seven are now discharged from our care, and the original group is decreased\nto 39. During this last year, however, one boy, who had been in another Province\nsince coming to Canada, was transferred to British Columbia, and we consequently have\na group of forty Jewish children in care as at March 31st, 1950.\nTwenty-one of these are now wholly self-supporting, and, with some help through\nscholarships, two of them are also attending the University of British Columbia. Eleven\nothers still need some financial help, but are either working part time, taking an apprentice course, or, as one girl, taking a nurse's training course. Before too long it would\nseem that this group also will reach full independence.\nThere are still eight younger children attending school; five of these seem successfully placed in free homes, and board is being paid for the remaining three.\nMuch time, thought, and effort have gone into planning with these children, and the\nlocal Jewish Committee, under the leadership of the Vancouver Children's Aid Society\non our behalf, are to be commended for the able way in which the project has been\ncarried.\nSUPREME COURT CUSTODY OF CHILDREN\nThe Supreme Court of British Columbia received from us forty-eight reports on\ncustody cases during this year. These involved seventy-nine children, three of whom\nwere admitted to our care following the divorce as a means of providing them with\ngreater security than was possible with the parent awarded custody. We continue to\nbe encouraged in our work in this field by the increased interest in the welfare of children\ngenerally expressed by attending lawyers and by the appreciative comments received\nfrom the Court. REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 57\nIMMIGRATION OF CHILDREN\nThirty-two applications to bring forty-six children from other countries to Canada\nwere studied this year; twenty-three of these were new referrals from the Canadian\nDepartment of Immigration, four were reopened, and five carried over from last year.\nTwenty-one were families with one child, eight had two children, and three had three\nchildren.\nSix children, from four families, lived in the United States and were to come to\na parent or relative following divorce or death of the mother. Another application,\ninvolving three children from Iceland, was also the result of ordinary peace-time family\nupheaval and planning. But the circumstances surrounding the applications of the\nremaining thirty-seven children, and in particular those from European countries, suggests much in the way of war-time loss and deprivation. Their adjustment to a new\ncountry and family will be fraught with many risks, and they and their foster-parents\nmay need help over a period of time if their coming to Canada is to bring them happiness.\nThe home lands of these children were:\u2014\nYugoslavia     4\nPoland      3\nFrance      1\nItaly     4\nGreece     1\nGermany      2\nEngland  11\nScotland      3\nIreland      6\nIceland  :     3\nUnited States      8\nTotal :  46\nThree unfavourable reports on the designated homes were made to the Department\nof Immigration, and three children were rejected as unsuitable for immigration by that\nDepartment. As far as we know, the applications on behalf of twenty-four children\nare still under consideration. Seventeen children have arrived, and two applications\nhave been formally withdrawn by the respective families. Of the seventeen children\nnow in British Columbia, one has been legally adopted by his mother and step-father,\ntwo by near relatives, and one by a family friend. Four children of two families are\nmaking a satisfactory adjustment so far in a parent's home, as are five children from\nthree families in relatives' homes, and one child in a friend's home. However, three\nchildren from three families have not fared so well, and one of them, a girl in her late\nteens, has been returned to England. In another instance we had to place a 12-year-old\nboy who had come hopefully to his aunt's and uncle's home only to be later rejected\nby them. One other boy, aged 11 years, who came to join his father following the\nparents' divorce, may also need placement elsewhere if the father cannot make more\nsatisfactory arrangements for his care.\nThe weak point in planning for a child who is in another country and coming to\nother than his parent is the difficulty of preparing him for placement with people he\ndoes not know. Distance keeps him from becoming anything more than a \" picture\nchild \" until he arrives\u2014both to the prospective foster-parents and to the agency. Until\nthere are more facilities available, in the European countries especially, this kind of\nplacement will continue to be difficult and hazardous for the child.\nLEGITIMATION ACT\nDuring this year sixty-four requests were received from the Division of Vital\nStatistics for assistance in clarifying the paternity of the children whose births it was R 58 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nproposed to legitimate. In some instances the mother was known to us at the time of\nthe birth of the child, and where paternity of the child had been established as that of\nthe mother's present husband, we could readily support the application by documentary\nevidence. In all other instances, visits to the applicants were made in order to help\nassemble the evidence in support of the application, or to help the applicants to accept\nthat legitimation was not possible. In the latter instance, adoption procedures are\nexplained and the relationship between the child and the step-father is often legalized\nlater by this alternative method.\nAn interview about the legitimation of a child, centred as it is on the most intimate\nof human relationships, requires unusually sensitive handling, and it is because of this\nwe have gradually established a policy with the Division of Vital Statistics whereby all\nsuch applications will be referred to the Child Welfare Division for study and recommendation. The majority can be finalized by legitimation of the child under the Act,\nbut in the others only appropriate action under the \"Adoption Act\" can provide him\nwith desirable legal protection.\nIn carrying out the varied responsibilities vested in the Child Welfare Division, we\nare to a great extent dependent upon the staff of private agencies and other public welfare\ndepartments in Vancouver and Victoria, and we are sincerely grateful to these for their\ncontinued help and support. In conclusion, we would like to say a special thank-you\nto the field service staff of the Branch for the way in which they are endeavouring to\ncarry the Child Welfare responsibilities so far delegated to them by decentralization.\nRespectfully submitted.\nRuby McKay,\nSuperintendent of Child Welfare. REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH\nR 59\nOLD-AGE PENSION BOARD\nI beg to present the annual report of the Old-age Pension Board for the year ended\nMarch 31st, 1950.\nGENERAL\nThe fiscal year ended March 31st, 1950, saw a further increase both in the number\nof old-age and blind pensioners and in expenditures. There were 6,222 new applications\nreceived, including both old age and blind, as compared with 6,110 in 1948-49, and\n5,803 pensions were granted, compared with 6,139 the year before. At the end of the\nyear there were 29,617 pensioners, including both blind and old age, on the payroll,\ncompared with 26,213 the year before. This represents an increase of 12.98 per cent.\nTotal expenditures, including both basic pensions and cost-of-living bonuses for both blind\nand old-age pensioners, amounted to $15,620,090.10, compared with $11,513,273.83\nlast year. This shows an increase of 35.67 per cent. The increase in the number of\npensioners was due largely to the normal increase in the population of the elderly, but\nalso in part to the growing pension-consciousness of the public. The greater number of\npensioners and the amendment to the Act raising the maximum pension from $30 a month\nto $40 as from May 1st, 1949, account for the very large increase in expenditure.\nThe increase in number of pensioners and expenditure on pensions serves to\nemphasize the fact that in the future one of the most important and in many ways the\nmost difficult of all the problems of social security is going to be the provision of employment for older people. Life expectancy is lengthening out; the population is rapidly\ngrowing older relatively and the numbers of older people are increasing sharply. The\nsituation calls for our best thinking and planning. For two reasons in particular it seems\nessential that these elderly people be given the opportunity to continue longer in useful\nemployment. Firstly, their health and well-being demand it. Long life without good\nhealth would not be a boon, and doctors tell us that to live long and be healthy it is\nnecessary to be active. Besides, there is nothing more crushing to an old person than\nto be made to feel that he is no longer useful. Secondly, it is important in the interest\nof the national economy that people should be enabled to continue at productive work\nsuited to their varying capacities and condition of health as long as possible to help bear\nthe cost of the social services generally. If we keep retiring people at earlier and earlier\nages and go on putting more and more people \" on the shelf,\" soon there may be more\non the shelf than off. It is at least conceivable, for instance, that in the not distant\nfuture 40 per cent of the people may be working to support the other 60 per cent if present\ntrends continue. The situation poses an almost overwhelming problem, but it is a problem that is going to have to be faced.\nIn the last report it was pointed out that in the past there have been a great many\nmore transfers of pensioners from other Provinces to British Columbia than there have\nbeen transfers from British Columbia to those other Provinces, and we had grown\naccustomed to assuming that the movement is largely, and almost inevitably always,\nto this Province, but statistics for the years 1946-47, 1947-48, and 1948-49 were\nquoted to show that there was some slight evidence that the trend might have changed\nat least temporarily. From the following table it will be seen that the statistics for\n1949-50 give some further, though still slight, support to this view:\u2014\u25a0\n1946-47\n1947-48\n1948^19\n1949-50\nNumber of new transfers to British Columbia  \t\nNumber of B.C. pensioners returned to British Columbr'a \u201e\nNumber of B.C. pensioners transferred to other Provinces\n596\n111\n137\n357\n94\n145\n588\n83\n184\n436\n94\n238 r 60 british columbia\nChanges in the Act\nAn amendment to the Federal \" Old Age Pensions Act\" was passed at the 1949\nSession of Parliament, providing for an increase in the maximum rate of pension from\n$30 to $40 a month, effective from May 1st, 1949. This change made it necessary to\nreview approximately 30,000 cases and grant such increases in pension as the means\ntest would permit.   All the increases so granted were in payment by the end of September.\nCost-of-living Bonus\nAlthough the Federal Act now provides for a pension of $40 a month instead of $30,\nas stated above, the Government of British Columbia continues to pay a cost-of-living\nbonus of $10 a month to its pensioners as heretofore.\nReciprocal Agreements\nAs a result of agreements made with Alberta, Saskatchewan, New Brunswick, and\nthe Yukon Territory, British Columbia pensioners who have transferred to any of these\nareas receive the British Columbia cost-of-living bonus of $10 a month just as our\npensioners here do. The costs are, of course, charged back to British Columbia by the\nother areas.\nAlberta.\u2014As at June 1st, 1949, Alberta increased its cost-of-living bonus from $7\nto $7.50 a month. Under the reciprocal agreement with Alberta, British Columbia pays\nthis latter amount to Alberta pensioners now living in British Columbia and charges\nthe cost back to Alberta.\nSaskatchewan.\u2014The Province of Saskatchewan pays a bonus to its pensioners up\nto $5 a month, depending on income. Under the reciprocal agreement, British Columbia\npays this bonus to Saskatchewan pensioners now living here and charges the cost back\nto Saskatchewan.\nNew Brunswick.\u2014Although New Brunswick does not pay any bonus to its own\npensioners, it continued to pay our bonus of $10 a month to British Columbia pensioners\nliving there, as in previous years. The costs were, of course, charged back to British\nColumbia.\nYukon Territory.\u2014During the year a reciprocal agreement was entered into with\nYukon Territory, effective October 1st, 1949, for the payment of a cost-of-living bonus.\nLike British Columbia, the Yukon pays a bonus of $10 a month to its pensioners. Under\nthe agreement, therefore, British Columbia pays this bonus to Yukon pensioners now\nliving in British Columbia and charges the cost back to the Yukon.\nEarned Income of Pensioners\nA study was made to determine the effect of earned income, or income from employment, on pensions. In the study, 9,000 cases were reviewed. These were divided into\nthree groups, approximately equal in number\u2014a group of the oldest cases on the payroll,\na group of the most recently granted cases, and a middle group.\nOf the oldest group, it was found that 20.3 per cent were receiving reduced pensions\nfor various reasons, 5.3 per cent of those on reduced pension had their pensions reduced\nbecause of earnings from employment, and 1 per cent of the total sample had their\npensions reduced for that reason.\nOf the middle group, 30.2 per cent were on reduced pensions, 6.1 per cent of the\nreductions were due to earnings, and 2.2 per cent of the total sample had their pensions\nreduced for that reason.\nOf the youngest group, 45.7 per cent were on reduced pensions, 11 per cent of the\nreductions were due to earnings, and 4.6 per cent of the total sample had their pensions\nreduced for that reason. REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 61\nOf the whole 9,000 cases studied, 31.7 per cent, or 2,853, were on reduced pensions,\nand of these latter, 234, or 2.6 per cent of the total sample, were on reduced pension\nbecause of earnings.\nThe total savings to the Federal and Provincial Governments resulting from applying\nthe earnings factor of the means test to the 234 cases mentioned amounted to $1,760.14\na month, or $21,121.68 for the year. On that basis the total savings to the two Governments for the year in respect of all pensions for the 25-per-cent Provincial portion of\nwhich British Columbia was responsible amounted to $4,689.21 a month, or $56,270.52\nfor the year out of a total expenditure of $15,620,090.10 (including the cost-of-living\nbonus). These facts should be of interest when the question is raised as to whether\nit would be wise to exempt earned income from consideration when calculating a pensioner's income for pension purposes.\nLength of Life of Pensioners\nUnder the heading of \" Statistics,\" farther on in the report, will be found tables\nshowing the ages of pensioners at the time their pensions were granted and the ages at\ndeath of the pensioners who died in the fiscal year 1949-50.\nA special study was made of the cases of the pensioners who died in the calendar\nyear 1949. For convenience the study was confined to those whose pensions originated\nin British Columbia.   These were 1,997 in number.\nIt was found that the greatest number of male pensioners died between the ages of\n74 and 75 years, while the greatest number of females died at age 76. The average male\nlived 79.279 years and the average female 79.916 years. However, while this shows\nthat the average female lived 0.637 year longer than the average male, there were three\nmales who had passed the century mark, whereas there were no females who achieved\nthat record. It appears that if a male pensioner can last out to the age of 95 years, he\nis likely to outlive his wife, otherwise she is likely to win the race for longevity.\nIn the report for the fiscal year 1944-45, it was shown that the average age at death\nof the pensioners who died in 1928\u2014the first calendar year after the \" Old-age Pension\nAct\" came into operation\u2014was 77.676 years for males and 78.546 years for females,\nand that the average for those who died in 1944 was 79.512 years for males and 80.160\nyears for females. It will be seen, therefore, that while the life-span has lengthened out\n1.603 years for males and 1.370 years for females since 1928, it appears to have shortened\nslightly since 1944\u2014to the extent of 0.233 year for males and 0.244 year for females.\nSOCIAL SERVICE\nThe Social Service Division of the Old-age Pension Board at present seems to offer\nthe only focal point for bringing together and examining information in relation to the\nmany phases of the social situation and needs of the increasingly large number of old\npeople in the Province. Contacts with the \" 70 and up \" group in the past seven years\nhave been far reaching and enlightening, particularly since the \" Old-age Pensions Act\"\nand regulations have called for an over-all coverage in this category, including well-\nadjusted old folk, living relatively comfortably, as well as those suffering from the\nnumerous disadvantages and problems to which older people are subject. One fact that\nemerges clearly is that, whatever the older age-group included in our security programme,\nsound planning in this, as in other areas of social service, must be preventive in outlook\nrather than designed to meet only the immediate situation.\nOf our total population in British Columbia, 15.5 per cent, or 173,672 persons, are\nnow over 60 years of age. What we have learned in pioneer efforts with old-age\npensioners should surely be carried over into our association with this wider group.\nWe do not plan programmes for 5-year-olds. Rather, we develop \" child welfare \"\nservices.   In the same way, social workers cannot think only in terms of \" pensioners,\" R 62 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nbut of what will make for the good life for all our older citizens. Hence it is not unfitting\nthat this section of the report of the administration of old-age pensions, while primarily\nconcerned with a particular category, does have in certain respects a somewhat wider\napplication than may seem to come strictly within its province.-\nEach yearly report shows a startling increase in the moneys expended in the\npayment of old-age pensions. A total of all Provincial Government expenditures for the\nbenefit of pensioners would include costs of medical care and of other social services\nalong with payments for pension and would show a much higher figure.\nAnnual reports are understood to give an account of stewardship. To this end we\nmay well ask ourselves whether these funds have been expended in the way that ensures\nmaximum benefit to the pensioners. Since social work accepts the premise that it matters\ngreatly how things are done, we cannot be satisfied with providing what is understood\nto be merely a floor of protection. In order to make the allowance more effective, it is\nnecessary to supplement with certain other services. From our experience we venture\nto suggest which of these may be considered most essential.\nCase Work\nFirst in the list we would place case work. This we understand in its broadest sense\nas inherent in every situation where a worker assumes a helpful role toward a client as\nan individual. The assignment is a heavy one for the case worker, since work with older\npeople calls for great skill and, in the brief span of the development of professional social\nwork, there has been little opportunity to build up essential knowledge and understanding\nas to the meaning of the ageing process as a whole.\nInterpretation, as a function of case work, plays a particularly important role, even\nin what might be looked upon as purely administrative procedures. For instance, during\nthe course of getting together the necessary details of the required form, many an old\nperson, frightened, confused, and often resentful at finding himself in the role of\napplicant, is almost ready to give up in despair. The skilful case worker helps him\n\" see it through \" without undue delay.\nLater, it may be that a change in financial circumstances calls for a recalculation\nof income, which results in an adjustment in the pension rate. Few clients are able to\naccept such action without a good deal of resentment. The social worker, understanding\nthe old person's reactions (as well as the legal requirements), is able to clear misunderstandings and to help him meet the situation with a minimum of disturbance\u2014no small\nconsideration for everyone concerned. From time to time, because of excess earnings,\na legacy, or other income, a pension must be suspended. This was the case with Mr. B.,\nwho came to the Board office to inquire about reinstatement. The income had ceased\nand there was no difficulty in obtaining the required facts. As we indicated that our\ninterview, which had been a pleasant one, was terminated, Mr. B. rose hesitatingly and\nlooked puzzled. \" But,\" said he, \" don't I have to have the means test? \" He was\nreassured in the current phrase \" You've had it\"\u2014and enjoyed a laugh with his\ninterviewer.\nWritten instructions, we find, have little meaning to old folk, and we must realize\nthat in the group of which we are thinking there are many with failing eyesight and others\nrelatively illiterate, to whom reading and writing have always been a chore. Pensioners\ncontinually get into difficulties simply because they don't know what services are available and how to go about getting them, but the district worker knows his resources and\nsets the right wheels in motion.\nBudgeting is another of the practical ways a case worker can help the client to\nadjust to the inevitable change in situation without \" losing face.\" Mrs. \/. is one of the\nmore fortunate ones. She has a small independent income\u2014to be exact, an insurance\nannuity of $300. Because of this personal income the pension is reduced. The annuity\nis paid quarterly.   It is not hard to spend the $75 when it comes to hand.   Indeed, it is REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 63\ndifficult not to do so when one is in need of so many things! When the social worker\nfirst tried to help Mrs. \/. see that the insurance money would have to be \" spread thin \"\nto supplement pension throughout the quarter, Mrs. J. was most indignant. Like a good\nmany of our pensioners, she had been accustomed to ample means, and this was all just\ntoo humiliating and altogether more than she could cope with. Since we in the Board\noffice had reason to know something of her difficulties, she thought it worth while not\nlong ago to drop in to tell us with great satisfaction, \" I've learned to get along and spin\nout my insurance money to make up full pension. It works fine now that I've got the idea\nand am getting used to it\u2014and I didn't think I could do it! \" Mrs. \/. looked positively\ntriumphant. Such examples could be multiplied indefinitely. They represent the social\nworker's day-to-day job.\nIn reality, however, most old peoples' troubles are not \" one dimensional \" problems.\nDeep-seated fears and anxieties mingled with loneliness and dependence, family strains,\nand a sense of growing helplessness manifest themselves on all sides and in varied ways.\nThey are all part of complicated situations arising from the changed position of the older\nperson. They call for profound understanding of the individual, of the ageing process\nas it affects him, and finally of the interaction between client, family and community.\nSo it is evident that resources to help senior citizens live a reasonably useful and satisfying\nlife must be based on full knowledge and should be made available in such a way that\nthey will be readily understandable and acceptable. Surely the case worker with understanding and experience gathered in person-to-person contacts offers a resource that\ncannot be overlooked by those entrusted with planning services to pensioners and older\npersons generally.\nMedical Services\nSecond in the list we would put medical services. The importance of medical\ntreatment and hospitalization in making provision for older people is now taken for\ngranted. These are urgent needs which must be met before we can hope to direct the\nthinking of either the older generation or the public toward less concrete objectives.\nProvision has been made for an over-all coverage which gives added security and\ngreatly enhances the value of the pension. During the period since this has been in\neffect, British Columbia pensioners have fully availed themselves of the privileges of free\nmedical attention, but under the pressures of organization there has been no opportunity\nto appraise results.\nA serious problem, causing much distress and confusion to pensioners and their\nrelatives, arises from the demarcation between cases of acute and chronic illness and the\nlimited resources available for care of the latter. There has been little change in this\nsituation during the past year and the Old-age Pension Administration cannot but be\nconscious of the problem because of constant inquiries on the part of pensioners and\ntheir relatives who do not understand why hospitalization is not available when, as so\noften happens in the case of the aged, the patient is suffering from a long-term ailment\nwhich medical authorities consider will not benefit from this expensive form of care, but\nwhich at the same time calls for nursing service. Such are the chronic cases. Present-day\nfamily homes are usually too small to permit of caring for invalids, even in those rare\ninstances in which there is someone able and willing to take on the task. Nursing homes\nare few and costly. When the burden of caring for the sick old person becomes so great\nas to threaten family life, it is essential that other plans be made without delay. Case\nwork is not an immediate function of the pension administration, but numerous contacts\nwith clients and their friends are inevitable in the Board office, and under these circumstances, by interpretation and referral, the supervisor and social worker do what they can\nto relieve the harassed relatives.\nThe same comments apply in cases of advanced senility, for whom the accommodation provided is still inadequate. R 64\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nAccommodation\nThe needs of older people in regard to care and accommodation have been discussed\nquite fully in earlier reports, and detailed information with regard to boarding homes and\nother institutions will be found in the section of this report relating to the administration\nof the \" Welfare Institutions Licensing Act.\"\nThe picture graphs below will give some indication of the situation of pensioners\nin relation to this problem of suitable living arrangements. Calculations have been made\non the basis of the pensions granted during the past year. The picture would no doubt\nbe somewhat different on the basis of the total number of pensioners or of an older group.\nI. MARITAL STATUS\nII. HOW LIVING\nIII. WHERE LIVING\n(rented houses and\nIn Rented Quarters -*f\u2014   rented suites)\nIn Supervised Homes\nand\nInstitutions\n-   In Single Rooms (with housekeeping\nprivileges)\nIn Single Rooms (eating out)\nAdequate housing is not merely a matter of making sufficient accommodation\navailable, but rather of providing varied plans of housing to meet the needs of the many\ntypes of people in our older group.\nA considerable number of excellent, small, congregate institutions sponsored by\nphilanthropic, racial, and other groups continue to operate successfully. Information\nconcerning these has been included in previous reports.   There have been no additions REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 65\nthis year, but it is interesting to note that in the Danish Home a singularly happy arrangement has been worked out by encouraging old persons, with small means, to build\ncottages within the grounds. Proximity to the main house facilitates the transition if one\npartner dies or for any other reason a move \" in \" becomes desirable.\nThe number of boarding homes, commercially operated, has increased so that they\nnow offer reasonably adequate accommodation for those pensioners to whom this type\nof supervised care is necessary and acceptable. There has been no change in the general\npicture other than that the larger number of applications for licence has made it possible\nto be more selective, thereby improving somewhat the general standard of licensed\n(proprietary) homes. There is some question as to the scope of responsibility and\nauthority under the \" Welfare Institutions Licensing Act\" in relation to the various\nimportant factors in these boarding homes, apart from the purely physical ones. The\nsocial worker is particularly concerned with two obvious lacks in these homes. The first\nis the privacy of a single room. It is hard to know just what happens to the personality\ndeprived of this last bulwark of independence. One can only guess from the evident\nsatisfaction of the old lady in a room of her own who points with pride to the small\npersonal possessions which so frequently \" clutter up \" her small domain.\nFacilities for and encouragement of some form of occupational activity are also\nhighly desirable from a psychological point of view. We recently had a call from a young\nwoman who, much against her wishes, has been forced to place her mother, a semi-\ninvalid, in a boarding home. She came to us in distress asking for suggestions about\nwhat one may call occupational therapy. Said she, \" They are all just sitting there\u2014\nvegetating. My mother has always been an active woman. We can't let this happen\nto her! \"\nIn Courtenay and Nanaimo an effort is being made to develop interest in \" foster\nhomes \" for older persons\u2014homes which undertake to care for only one elderly person\nand consequently are not considered as boarding or nursing homes in the accepted sense\nof the terms, as set out under the welfare institutions or private hospital licensing requirements. In this way it is hoped that the older person will become more a part of the\nfamily group.\nHousing projects well under way when the previous report was made are now in\noperation. Additional developments in this category are the Dawson project in Saanich,\na few miles outside Victoria, to consist, when finished, of twelve duplex units, and\nKimberley's Pioneer Lodge, consisting of four two-room apartments, with bath and\ncentral heating.\nWe now have five creditable undertakings of this type in British Columbia, all of\nwhich appear to be operating successfully. Rent in all instances is around $20 a month\nfor married couples. The administration in these projects is confronted with two serious\nproblems\u2014provision for the remaining partner when one of a couple dies, and care for\nthose for whom other plans must be made because of chronic illness. The latter difficulty\nis, of course, only one aspect of the larger problem already referred to in relation to care\nfor chronic cases.\nHousekeeping Services\n\" Please leave me here in my own home,\" is an expression heard very often among old\npeople when illness or some other change threatens the status quo. It is not just an empty\nrepetition, and the case worker wouldn't agree that \" Grandma is just being stubborn.\"\nIt is rather the expression of a deeply rooted need for the security of familiar surroundings. Relatives and friends know that different arrangements must be made. The social\nworker is only too conscious of the difficulties encountered in trying to arrange for this\ntype of care. The alternative is to bring someone into the home for full or part time\nas may be required. By good luck a suitable person may sometimes be found \" to tide\nover.\" More often this is not possible, since no definite plans have been made to meet\nsuch contingencies. R 66 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nIn the larger centres (notably Vancouver), general housekeeping services are\nsometimes provided, but there is no assurance that these services will be available at\nany time, even in the case of a serious emergency.\nKelowna is the one locality in which a service has been set up in which provision\nhas been made to meet the requirements of older people. The Kelowna Home Service\nis an agency established to take care of the home in cases of emergency arising through\nillness or other disrupting circumstances. Close co-operation with the local health unit\ngreatly strengthens the organization.\nWhile the service is by no means confined to older persons, this group is specifically\nmentioned as one of those for which it has been established, and the Kelowna plan has\nproven extremely helpful in cases \" of aged and infirm \" for short emergency periods.\nFunds for this scheme have been received from the community and costs shared according\nto the client's ability to pay.\nActivities for Leisure Time\nGradually there is coming to be some recognition of the disastrous effect of the\nidleness and lack of normal social intercourse, so commonly the lot of older people.\nA letter recently received by the leader of a voluntary group making a start in organizing\na neighbourhood club for old folks tells this tale:\u2014\nI received the card from you inviting me to the meeting and I returned it to say I would\nbe there, but unfortunately it rained so I was unable to come.\nI am nearly 80. I have lived all alone since my wife passed away June 19th, 1945.\nI had a daughter here who used to come and do some ironing and cooking but she moved to\nVictoria a year ago, since when I have no one. I joined one of the large old-age clubs but\ndid not like it. Singing songs does not appeal to me; I like playing cards. I used to dance\nyears ago. I like dance music and like to watch people enjoy themselves. All my life I have\nbeen shy. I think I must have what is called inferiority complex. I came out from England\nin 1912 and have lived in this city over thirty years. I had been married over fifty-three\nyears when I lost my wife, and our old friends have since passed on.\nI was superannuated after working for eleven years at my last job. I keep watching the\nads in the paper to see if anyone would like to live and share the home and expenses but\nhave not yet found anyone. 1 get so lonesome and miserable all alone. If I could find some\npeople to talk to sometimes. Please excuse me and all my worries but I have to tell\nsomeone.\nIf those meetings are still held, I would like to come to them.\nThanking you, yours very truly.\nWe have a feeling that if Mr. B. doesn't find the outlet for which he is so obviously\nin need, he will soon become a source of worry to the few friends he does have and make\nheavy demands on the time of the social worker, the doctor, and other community\nresources.\nIn our largest centre, Vancouver and environs, active community groups for older\npeople now include Alexandra Neighbourhood House (Community Centre), Christ\nChurch Cathedral, Gordon House (Community Centre), Marpole Community Centre,\nNorth Vancouver Community Centre, Vancouver East Community \"Y,\" and West\nVancouver Senior Citizens' Club. This is a beginning, nothing more, since the \" 70 and\nup \" group in Vancouver alone has now reached the 10,000 mark!\nVictoria, too, has an active, growing \" 60-up \" club.\nCommunity clubs have great possibilities for developing a wide variety of interests,\nbut other than in the two large centres there has been little progress in this direction.\nTwo exceptions should be mentioned\u2014Duncan and Hope. In the former a group\nsponsored by the I.O.D.E. has been active for several years. The Hope Old Folks' Club\n(age limit, 55 years) came into being on March 12th, 1950, with prospect of considerable\nactivity.\nThis sort of development is conceded to be a community job, with emphasis on the\nparticipation of the older people themselves, but unless we can find qualified leadership, REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 67\nthe programme will continue to be a slow-motion picture.    It is noticeable, too, that\nunless there is stimulation, the group tends to become more or less static and narrow\nin interest and outlook. \u201e\nEmployment\nCommunity groups offer only one form of activity. Previous reports have made\nreference to the general problem of employment and the importance of research and\naction in this connection. Of the persons to whom pension was granted during the past\nyear, information on file suggests that at least 25 per cent would be capable of some\nform of suitable employment. There appears to be a growing recognition of the larger\nimplications in this situation.\nThere are, however, other angles of this problem more nearly within our compass\nwhich might be explored with interest and profit.\nMrs. D. enjoys knitting and brings in samples of excellent workmanship, Mrs. E.\nfavours hooked rugs, Miss F. would like the odd night of baby-sitting, Mrs. G. would\nlike to have another old person to share her home, Mr. H. is more or less of a shut-in (in\na very comfortable home) and would like to have the odd game of checkers. Could \" the\nBoard \" suggest who would be interested? Day by day such queries come over the\ntelephone. And from the other side: \" Would you know anyone who would like to rent\na small home a few miles from Vancouver moderately priced, just right for an old couple,\"\nor \" a room on the ground floor vacated by an old gentleman who has gone to be with\nhis daughter.\" \" We have some very good clothing suitable for an older woman of\nmedium build\u2014do you have one in mind? \" \" Have you on your list an older woman\nwho could spend a few hours a day with a semi-invalid? \" etc.\nThe supervisor and the social worker in the Old-age Pension Board office, which\nwilly-nilly becomes a sort of information bureau, cannot but wonder whether some sort\nof \" centre \" of their own is not a need peculiar to older people who seem to be for ever\n*\u00b0 ' Age Will Be Served\nThe total problem of providing essential and constructive services to older age-groups\nis an overwhelming one for leaders in the field of social work. At the end of the year\n1949-50, the Social Welfare Branch of the Provincial Government finds itself in somewhat of a dilemma. The requirements of the Pension Board call for assistance from\nthe field staff in proving eligibility for pension and at least one visit a year to establish\ncontinuing eligibility. To render this service, and at the same time maintain accepted\nstandards of social-work practice, has taxed workers beyond their capacity. Increases\nin staff have not been sufficient to overcome the difficulty. Service to old people is\nnotably time-consuming, and supervisors in our generalized service are concerned because\nother important categories suffer while our well-qualified workers grapple with the\ncompletion of application forms, the volume of work of visiting and reporting, and the\ninnumerable demands resulting from these contacts. The problem is a real one, but it is\nalso an inescapable one. Older people are here to stay and, as someone has so aptly\nput it, \"Age will be served.\"\nTargets for the Future\nThe next step would seem to be a careful survey of our situation and a study of\nresources and the best way to use them. Since we are not quite sure of our direction in\nthis field, perhaps some targets for the future might not be out of place.   We suggest:\u2014\n(1) The development of an integrated programme for old people which would\nalso take into account the needs of the pre-pension group.\n(2) Specialized training in social work with older people.\n(3) Consideration of more definite standards in institutional care for persons\nin this group. R 68 BRITISH COLUMBIA\n(4) Co-operation with appropriate voluntary agencies in building up the community resources.\n(5) Further development of housekeeping services.\nGRAPHIC PRESENTATION COVERING PERIOD SINCE 1927\nOn the following page will be found a graphic presentation of the trends in old-age\nand blind pensions in British Columbia from the coming into force of the \" Old Age\nPensions Act \" in 1927 to the end of the fiscal year 1949-50.\nThe black-line graph shows the trend in cost of pensions, the dotted line shows the\ntrend in number of persons in receipt of pensions, and the broken line shows the trend\nin total population. These graphs may be compared one with another only in general\nas they are not based on any common unit of amount. The trend-of-costs graph is\nbased on 72,000 units to the square, the trend-of-number-of-pensioners graph is based\non 2,400 units to the square, and the trend-of-population graph is based on 240,000\nunits to the square. The graphs are made up from statistical records of the Old-age\nPension Board and population figures from Federal census records.\nIt will be seen from the graphs that during the first two years' operation of the Act\nthere was an initial sharp rise in both the number and cost of pensions and then a lessening\nin rate of increase until the middle of 1930. During the depression years a further\nincrease began and continued fairly steadily until 1939. During the war years and\nsince the end of the war there have been certain changes in the Act and regulations, and\nwith each change the cost graph shows a sharp rise. The last three peaks recorded at\nMarch, 1947; November, 1948; and August, 1949, are occasioned by accumulated\nretroactive payments of the increase in the cost-of-living bonus and two changes in the\n\" Old Age Pensions Act \" increasing the basic pension, first from $25 to $30 and, finally,\nfrom $30 to $40 a month.\nIt will be noted that following each peak the recession in the cost graph does not\nfall below the level of the previous peak but starts from a higher point as a new base.\nIn other words, these changes in the Act, along with other factors, have consistently led\nto increasing expenditures on pensions.\nWhen the graph representing the cost of pensions is compared in a general way with\nthe graph representing the total population of the Province, it is evident that at first the\nnumber of old-age pensioners increased much more quickly than population, which,\nof course, was to be expected. This difference in percentage increase, although for some\ntime becoming less, has in the last several years again shown a marked upward trend.\nThe sharp increase in the number of pensioners in the last four years is chiefly due to\nthe broadening of the Act and regulations. There are, however, a number of other\ncontributing factors, such as the rising cost of living, a decreased demand among\nemployers for the services of older people, and the attraction of increasing supplementary\nsocial services, which include hospital services, medical services, and drugs.\nGRAPHIC PRESENTATION COVERING YEARS 1946-47,\n1947-48, 1948-49, and 1949-50\nIn the long-term graph already referred to, a general picture is given of the trends in\nthe number of old-age pensioners and the cost of pensions. In the column graph\npresented on page 70, more details are given of activities which, from an administrative\nstandpoint, are of particular importance, and these are shown for the years noted above.\nSince, in this column graph, figures for four consecutive years are used, it is possible to\ncompare one year with another and to note the trend shown in a succession of four years. REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH\nR 69\n<.\n\\\n|\n1\n0961\n1\n6*61\nk\n\\\n1\n\\\n\\\n\\\nv\nN\n\\\n9*61\nZ*6\/\nN\n,\nI\n\\\n-*\u00ab\n\u25a0=\n^\n-n-s\n\u2014\\-\n\\\n?     -\n5   -\n1 ^\nT\n9*6\/\nI\n9*6\/\n\\\ns\\\nI\n\\\n\\\n\\\nY\n**6\/\n\u00a3*6I\nr\n>\n>\n\u00ab\/3\nJO\n5!\ni\ni 1\n:\ns\n5\n8\n1\n!\ni\ni\nb\n8-\np\ni\ni -\ni\nJ\ni\n3*61\n1*6\/\nJL\n\u25a0 < 2\n1\n>\nW)\n1\n\\J   DQ\n)\nIs\n\\\nli\nV)\n|   2.\n0\n<t.\n\\\n0*61\n6\u00a36I\n1\nz\n>\n.3\n\\\nLU   O\n0. O-\\\nw Sic\n^\n\\\n0\n<5\n:\n!\n8\u00a36\/\n\u00a3\u00a36\/\ny\n(5\n\\\nC\n\u2022 h-k\n\u2014 *>\ns\ns\n\\\n<\n1\n^\n\\\n996\/\n9\u00a36I\n5l\n\\\n^ 1\ns\np\n\\!\n0\nI\ni\nii\n1,\n*\u00a36\/\n1\n\u00a3\u00a361\n8.\n6\n\\\n^\nQ\n1\n1\n<\n\\\n3\u00a36I\n1\nl\u00a361\nK\n\\\\\n\\\\\n1   \\\nOS6I\n6261\n\\ '\n\\ \\\n9361\n1\nZ36I\n1\ns\n\\  REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH\nActivities for the Years 1946 to 1950\nR 71\nActivities\nFiscal Year\n1946-47\nFiscal Year\n1947-48\nFiscal Year\n1948-49\nFiscal Year\n1949-50\n2,937\n2,971\n322\n1,402\n370\n232\n5,849\n4,918\n304\n1,674\n268\n328\n5,983\n5,996\n411\n2,226\n304\n254\n6,120\n5,710\n463\n2,135\n371\n301\nThe above table serves to emphasize the difference in the activities of the four fiscal\nyears. Although the extreme differences between the years 1946-47 and 1947-48 must\nbe attributed to changes in the \" Old Age Pensions Act \" and regulations, the difference\nshown between each two years in the following three years may reasonably be attributed\nto influences that are likely to be more or less consistent for some time to come.\nIn examining the columns showing the number of applications received and the\nnumber granted in the last three years, it will be noted that there is a levelling-off as the\npercentage rate of increase in new applications declines.\nSTATISTICS FOR THE YEAR ENDED MARCH 31st,  1950\nOLD-AGE PENSIONS\nTable I.\u2014Disposition of Applications\nNumber of new applications received     6,120\nNumber of new applications granted     5,710*\nNumber of new applications not granted        463\n* Includes some left over from previous year.\nTable II.-\n-Miscellaneous\nNumber of B.C. pensioners returned to British Columbia\t\nNumber of new \" other Province \" pensioners transferred to\nBritish Columbia\t\n94\n436\nNumber of B.C. pensioners transferred to other Provinces        238\nNumber of pensioners from other Provinces transferred out\nof British Columbia or suspended\nNumber of B.C. reinstatements granted\t\nNumber of B.C. pensions suspended\t\nNumber of deaths of B.C. pensioners\t\nNumber of deaths of \" other Province \" pensioners in British\nColumbia\t\nTotal number of pensioners on payroll at end of fiscal year\t\n471\n301\n371\n2,135\n252\n28,988\nTable III.\u2014Reasons Why Applications Not Granted\nNumber\n  98\n  55\n  8\n  1\n  145\n  32\n  3\n  2\n  1\nApplications withdrawn      118\nNot of pensionable age\t\nUnable to prove age\t\nNot sufficient residence\t\nUnable to prove residence.\nIncome in excess\t\nProperty transferred\nReceiving War Veterans' Allowance\nTransferred to mental institutions\t\nInformation refused\t\nTotaL\n463\nPer Cent\n21.17\n11.87\n1.72\n0.22\n31.32\n6.91\n0.65\n0.43\n0.22\n25.49\n100.00 R 72 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nTable IV.\u2014Sex of New Pensioners\nNumber Per Cent\nMales   3,065 53.68\nFemales 7____ 2,645 46.32\nTotal  5,710 100.00\nTable V.\u2014Marital Status of New Pensioners\nNumber Per Cent\nMarried  2,655 46.50\nSingle       655 11.45\nWidows   1,243 21.77\nWidowers       643 11.28\nSeparated     454 7.95\nDivorced       60 1.05\nTotal  5,710 100.00\nTable VI.\u2014Birthplace of New Pensioners\nNumber Per Cent\nBritish Columbia        96 ,   1.69\nOther parts of Canada  1,424 24.94\nBritish Isles  2,488 43.57\nOther parts of British Empire      143 2.50\nUnited States of America      533 9.33\nOther foreign countries  1,026 17.97\nTotal  5,710 100.00\nTable VII.\u2014Ages at Granting of New Pensions\nNumber Per Cent\nAge 70  2,176 38.11\nAge 71       702 12.29\nAge 72      522 9.14\nAge 73      428 7.49\nAge 74      344 6.03\nAge 75      333 5.83\nAge 76 to 80      821 14.38\nAge 81 to 90 ___     352 6.17\nAge 91 and up        32 0.56\nTotal  5,710 100.00 REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 73\nTable VIII.\u2014Ages of Pensioners at Death\nNumber Per Cent\nAge 70  56 2.35\nAge 71   118 4.94\nAge 72  110 4.61\nAge 73   137 5.74\nAge 74  141 5.91\nAge 75  153 6.41\nAge 76  150 6.28\nAge 77  141 5.91\nAge 78  134 5.61\nAge 79  165 6.91\nAge 80  148 6.20\nAge 81   108 4.53\nAge 82  129 5.40\nAge 83  112 4.69\nAge 84  98 4.11\nAge 85  90 3.77\nAge 86 :  95 3.98\nAge 87  70 2.93\nAge 88  57 2.39\nAge 89  39 1.63\nAge 90  37 1.55\nOver 90  99 4.15\nTotal   2,387 100.00\nTable IX.\u2014With Whom New Pensioners Live\nNumber Per Cent\nLiving alone  1,384 24.24\nLiving with spouse  2,334 40.87\nLiving with spouse and children      267 4.68\nLiving with children  1,004 17.58\nLiving with others       597 10.46\nLiving in public institutions        89 1.56\nLiving in private institutions         35 .61\nTotal _:  5,710 100.00\nTable X.\u2014Where New Pensioners Are Living\nNumber Per Cent\nIn own house  2,453 42.96\nIn rented house      632 11.07\nIn rented suite      770 13.48\nBoarding       805 14.11\nIn housekeeping room      355 6.22\nIn boarding home      221 3.90\nIn institution ,      124 2.13\nIn single room (eating out)      350 6.13\nTotal  5,710 100.00 R 74                                                         BRITISH COLUMBIA\nTable XI.\u2014Economic Status of New Pensioned\n(a) Holding real property of value\u2014                        Number\n$0               _         3,257\n.s\nPer Cent\n57.04\n2.52\n6.78\n8.63\n7.34\n8.95\n4.80\n3.94\n$1 to $250                                      --         144\n$251 to $500                                                 387\n$501 to $750_.                                             493\n$751 to $1,000      419\n$1,001 to $1,500       ..                  511\n$1,501 to $2,000      274\n$2,001 and up      225\nTotal                                              5,710\n100.00\n45.10\n18.93\n11.40\n7.08\n4.94\n12.55\n{b) Holding personal property of value\u2014\n$0   2,575\n$1 to $250..              .           1,081\n$251 to $500                                       651\n$501 to $750      404\n$751 to $1,000             282\n$1,001 and up      717\nTotal \u2022  5,710\n100.00\nWhose Pensions\nor Partially by\n-- 170\nTable XII.\u2014Number of Pensioners Living in Other Provinces\nWere Granted by British Columbia and Are Paid Wholly\nThis Province.\nAlberta\t\nSaskatchewan  ,    \t\n     66\nManitoba\t\n     54\nOntario  '      \t\n  141\nQuebec \t\n.     22\nNew Brunswick      __ _\u2014 \t\n--    13\nNova Scotia\t\n9\nPrince Edward Island  _       -   \t\n2\nNewfoundland \t\n1\nNorthwest Territory            _ _\nYukon Territory  \t\n.--      2\nTotal\t\n.. -. 480\nTable XIII.\u2014Claims against Estates, Old Age and\nNumber of cases of death    _   \t\nBlind\n2,135\n204\nin\n50\n281\nNumber of cases where claims were made.-.\t\nNumber of cases where claims were waived or withdrawn\nfavour of beneficiaries                     .     .\nNumber of cases on which collections were made\t\nTotal amount collected\u2014\nOld Age       -- $ 117,044.31\nBlind          4,656.00 REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH\nTable XIV.\u2014Percentage of Pensioners to Population over\nTen-year Period*\nR 75\n1\n1939      1941 I   1943\n1\n1945\n1947\n1948\n1949\nPercentage of pensioners to the total population of the Province ...\nPercentage of all persons over 70 years of age to the total popu-\nI             1\n1.64 |    1.79 |    1.74\n3.59      3.60 1    4.85\n45.82 j 49.79 j 35.87\n1             1\n1.65\n4.94\n33.36\n1.80\n5.08\n35.37\n2.07\n5.31\n39.03\n2.38\n5.31\nPercentage of pensioners to the population over 70 years of age\t\n44.86\n* Percentages based on population estimated by Dominion Bureau of Statistics.\nTable XV.\u2014Distribution of B.C. Pensioners According to the Amount\nof Pensions Received (Basic Pension, $40)\nPension Per Cent\n$40.00  69.94\n$35.00 to $39.99  13.59\n$30.00 to $34.99  5.81\n$25.00 to $29.99  3.55\n$20.00 to $24.99  2.63\nLess than $19.99  4.48\nTotal.\n100.00\nPENSIONS FOR THE BLIND\nTable I.\u2014Disposition of Applications\nNumber of new applications received  102\nNumber of new applications granted     93*\nNumber of new applications not granted     12\n* Includes some left over from previous year.\nTable II.\u2014Miscellaneous\nNumber of B.C. pensioners returned to British Columbia  2\nNumber of new \" other Province \" pensioners transferred to\nBritish Columbia .  18\nNumber of B.C. pensioners transferred to other Provinces  3\nNumber of pensioners from other Provinces transferred out of\nBritish Columbia or suspended  11\nNumber of B.C. reinstatements granted  7\nNumber of deaths of B.C. pensioners  40\nNumber of deaths of \" other Province \" pensioners in British\nColumbia   3\nTotal number of pensioners on payroll at end of fiscal year  629\nTable III.\u2014Reasons Why Applications Not Granted\nNumber Per Cent\nNot blind within the meaning of the Act     7 58.33\nIneligible on account of residence  \u2014 \t\nIncome in excess     3 25.00\nProperty transferred   \t\nApplications withdrawn      2 16.67\nTotal\n12\n100.00 R 76 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nTable IV.\u2014Sex of New Pensioners\nNumber Per Cent\nMales   42 45.16\nFemales   51 54.84\nTotal   93 100.00\nTable V.\u2014Marital Status of New Pensioners\nNumber Per Cent\nMarried   45 48.38\nSingle   21 22.58\nWidows   15 16.13\nWidowers      3 3.23\nSeparated      7 7.53\nDivorced      2 2.15\nTotal   93 100.00\nTable VI.\u2014Birthplace of New Pensioners\nNumber Per Cent\nBritish Columbia  14 15.05\nOther parts of Canada  27 29.03\nBritish Isles   30 32.26\nOther parts of British Empire     3 3.23\nUnited States of America     2 2.15\nOther foreign countries :  17 18.28\nTotal   93 100.00\nTable VII.\u2014Ages at Granting of New Pensions\nNumber Per Cent\nAge 21   55 59.14\nAge 22 to 30     8 8.60\nAge 31 to 40     5 5.35\nAge 41 to 50     6 6.48\nAge 51 to 60     7 7.53\nAge 61 to 70     5 5.38\nAge 71 to 80     4 4.30\nAge 80 and up     3 3.22\nTotal   93 100.00\nTable VIII.\u2014Ages of Pensioners at Death\nNumber Per Cent\nAge 21   \t\nAge 22 to 30  \t\nAge 31 to 40     3 6.98\nAge 41 to 50     3 6.98\nAge 51 to 60     2 4.65\nAge 61 to 70 .  16 37.21\nAge 71 to 80  15 34.88\nAge 81 and up     4 9.30\nTotal   43 100.00 REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 77\nTable IX.\u2014With Whom New Pensioners Live\nNumber Per Cent\nLiving with parents - 10 10.75\nLiving alone  23 24.73\nLiving with spouse  29 31.19\nLiving with spouse and children     9 9.68\nLiving with children  14 15.05\nLiving with others     4 4.30\nLiving in private institutions     4 4.30\nTotal   93 100.00\nTable X.\u2014Where New Pensioners Are Living\nNumber Per Cent\nIn own house  38 40.86\nIn rented house  12 12.90\nIn rented suite     4 4.30\nBoarding   30 32.25\nIn housekeeping room     4 4.30\nIn boarding home     1 1.08\nIn institution     1 1.08\nIn single room     3 3.23\nTotal :  93 100.00\nTable XI.\u2014Economic Status of New Pensioners\n(a) Holding real property of value\u2014                          Number Per cent\n$0  .  55 59.13\n$1 to $250     8 8.60\n$251 to $500     5 5.38\n$501 to $750     6 6.45\n$751 to $1,000     7 7.53\n$1,000 to $1,500     5 5.38\n$1,501 to $2,000     4 4.30\n$2,001 and up     3 3.23\nTotal   93 100.00\n(b)  Holding personal property of value\u2014\n$0  59 63.44\n$1 to $250 1  12 12.90\n$251 to $500  4 4.30\n$501 to $750  7 7.53\n$751 to $1,000  4 4.30\n$1,001 and up  7 7.53\nTotal   93 100.00 R 78 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nTable XII.\u2014Number of New Pensioners Living in Other Provinces Whose Pensions Were Granted by British Columbia and Are Paid Wholly or Partially\nby This Province.\nAlberta     3\nSaskatchewan  \t\n     1\nManitoba \t\n1\nOntario\nQuebec    \t\nNew Brunswick      - - . -   ...\nNova Scotia             .            . __\nPrince Edward Island\t\nNewfoundland    \t\nNorthwest Territory _              _ _ _\nTotal \t\n     5\nTable XIII.\u2014Distribution of British Columbia Blind Pensioners According\nto the Amount of Pensions Received (Basic Pension $40)\nPension Per Cent\n$40.00   86.65\n$35.00 to $39.99  4.77\n$30.00 to $34.99  2.70\n$25.00 to $29.99  1.12\n$20.00 to $24.99  1.11\n$19.99 and less  3.65\nTotal   100.00 REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 79\nFINANCIAL STATEMENT FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDED MARCH 31st, 1950\nTable I.\u2014Pensions\nTotal amount paid pensioners in British\ni-t  ,       ,. Supplementary\nCOlUmDia  Pensions Allowances Total\nOld age  $12,220,011.23 $3,056,205.14 $15,276,216.37\nBlind   276,884.19 66,989.54 343,873.73\nTotals   $12,496,895.42 $3,123,194.68 $15,620,090.10\nLess amount of refunds from pensioners and estates\u2014\nFrom estates of old-age pensioners-       $116,109.31 $935.00       $117,044.31\nFrom estates of blind pensioners  4,656.00     4,656.00\nOverpayments refunded by old-age\npensioners   5,724.96 664.69 6,389.65\nOverpayments refunded by blind\npensioners   289.26 60.00 349.26\nMiscellaneous refunds from old-age\npensioners   1,372.30 307.50 1,679.80\nMiscellaneous refunds from blind\npensioners           .__\nTotals         $128,151.83 $1,967.19       $130,119.02\nNet  amount  paid  to  pensioners   in\nBritish Columbia\u2014\nOld age  $12,096,804.66 $3,054,297.95 $15,151,102.61\nBlind   271,938.93 66,929.54 338,868.47\nTotals   $12,368,743.59 $3,121,227.49 $15,489,971.08\nAdd amount paid other Provinces on\naccount of pensioners for whom\nBritish Columbia is partly responsible\u2014\nOld age  $66,015.82       $27,803.25 $93,819.07\nBlind   1,080.45 470.00 1,550.45\nTotals   $67,096.27       $28,273.25 $95,369.52\nLess amount received by British Columbia on account of pensioners\nfor whom other Provinces are\nwholly or partly responsible\u2014\nOld age --            $490,340.43     $116,578.62       $606,919.05\nBlind   12,365.17 2,285.52 14,650.69\nTotals         $502,705.60     $118,864.14       $621,569.74 R 80 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nLess amount refunded by the Dominion\nGovernment\u2014\nOld age     $9,072,353.74        $9,072,353.74\nBlind   204,086.42     204,086.42\nTotals      $9,276,440.16        $9,276,440.16\nTotal amount of pensions paid by British Columbia\u2014\nOld age     $2,600,126.31  $2,965,522.58    $5,565,648.89\nBlind   56,567.79 65,114.02 121,681.81\nTotals      $2,656,694.10 $3,030,636.60    $5,687,330.70\nReconciliation\nExpenditure as per Public Accounts  $2,821,259.68\nLess administration expenses .        164,907.85\n$2,656,351.83\nAdd net supplementary allowance     3,030,636.60\n$5,686,988.43\nAdd refund from other Provinces for fiscal year\n1948-49 received in the fiscal year 1949-50.\u2014 342.27\nExpenditure as per above statement  $5,687,330.70\nTable II.\u2014Administration Expense\nSalaries and special services  $126,723.48\nOffice supplies, subscriptions, etc  12,648.94\nPostage, telephone, and telegraph  19,641.26\nBank exchange  2,898.27\nTravelling expenses  115.26\nIncidentals and contingencies  2,880.64\nTotal      $ 164,907.85\nTable III.\u2014Supplementary Allowances\nGross amount of supplementary allowances paid in\nBritish Columbia  $3,121,227.49\nPlus supplementary allowances paid to other Provinces on account of British Columbia pensioners 28,273.25\nLess supplementary allowances refunded by other\nProvinces         118,864.14\nNet  supplementary   allowances   paid  by\nBritish Columbia  $3,030,636.60 REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 81\nCONCLUSION\nIn concluding its report the Board welcomes the opportunity of expressing its sincere\nappreciation for the assistance received from many sources in administering the Act\nduring the year. It would not be possible to record adequately the help received from the\nvarious social agencies, clubs, and service groups all over the Province who have done so\nmuch for our older people, but to all of them we extend our thanks.\nWe wish also to commend the departmental field staff and the members of the office\nstaff for their untiring efforts in carrying out a very heavy year's work.\nJ. H. Creighton,\nChairman. R 82 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nMEDICAL SERVICES DIVISION\nI beg to present the report of the activities of the Medical Services Division for the\nfiscal year 1949-50.\nThe figures quoted below give the financial picture but in themselves do not convey\nin an adequate fashion the true scope of our activities.\nOur Division, born in a period of duress, has lost all resemblance to its origin. It\nhas become a supporting pillar in the welfare picture of the Province. Much of the work\nin the past was based on the policy of \" holding the line.\" This has changed to one of\nanticipating the medical needs of our clients and arranging to meet them. This, naturally, is not as simple as it sounds. The dual responsibility of the client through residence\n(municipal and Provincial), the shift of the type of client from unemployed to unemployable and retired, the increasing costs, the increasing load on the professions, the increased\nrecognition by the general public of the requirements of these people\u2014all have combined\nto spur the Division to unify, simplify, and solidify the medical coverage of the recipient\nof social assistance.\nDuring the past year, under the new medical services arrangement with the College\nof Physicians and Surgeons of British Columbia, much information has been gathered.\nAnalysis of this at the present time would not be fair in view of the newness of the scheme.\nHowever, the facts and figures gathered will, in the next few years, prove most enlightening and interesting.\nA fact which has been known to a few but is certainly becoming more apparent to\nthe public at large is that the senior citizens require more medical attention in contrast to\nyounger groups, and that the ills and ailments of the ageing are time-consuming. I wish\nto emphasize this point in view of the changing age of the population of Canada as a\nwhole and this Province in particular. When one takes into consideration the figures\nissued by recognized authorities as to the growth of our ageing population, together with\nthe thinking of the general public, we must mould our policy and initiate our actions to be\ncompatible with our economy and ability to finance this.\nThe problem of drugs has given your department a good deal of concern. You will\nobserve the increase from $172,554.46 to $299,478.71. How can we account for this?\nThere are several factors. First, there has been a 33VS-per-cent increase in the number\nof recipients. Second, there has been a drastic increase in the cost of drugs commensurate\nwith the inflationary trend of the times. Third, the type of drugs used in the practice of\nmedicine is changing from day to day, and with this change the cost is very much more;\nthe best example one can quote is the development and liberal use of the antibiotics and\nvitamin preparations. Fourth, the acuteness of the hospital bed situation is causing a\ngoodly number of people to be taken care of in their own homes, boarding homes, and\nnursing homes, the medical supplies now being furnished through our Department for\nWelfare cases. Fifth, the latitude of prescribing given to so great a number of doctors\nthroughout the Province who are subject to constant bombardment of advertising from\nall drug concerns is bound to increase the costs. Sixth, drugs being totally free to the\nrecipients reflects in the variety administered, and perhaps the prescribing of a greater\nquantity than is needed, which is wasted and adds to the cost.\nTurning to dentistry, the increase from $19,290.90 to $24,764.96 is readily\naccounted for by the increase in the number of the clientele served. We have spent this\nmoney wholly for extractions and dentures. Considering the number served in the senior\nage-group, this sum is not out of the way. We must, however, anticipate a radical\nincrease in these costs if we are to entertain prophylactic dentistry.\nIt is our observation and opinion that it is most vital to our younger recipients gradually to gravitate from extractions and replacements to prophylaxis and repairs. It is bound\nto be more expensive, but taking a long view it would pay dividends in health and satisfaction. Much study is contemplated during the year in this field to enable us to present\na reasonable picture of the situation. REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 83\nAnalysing the cost of all ancillary services, there would appear to be three influencing\nfactors: First, the steadily increasing numbers; second, inflationary prices; third, the\never-increasing needs.\nTransportation deserves special notation. This item carries sufficient human interest\nto fill many pages of a report. This includes the child in the outlying district who has\nbeen brought to a larger centre to correct a bad squint and avoid the facial stigma which\nwould throw a blight on the youngster's future. Included in this are the charges of bringing the person who has lost his or her sight through cataracts and has been robbed of the\npleasures provided by sight to a centre where this condition can be rectified. Here we\nfind the cost of bringing cancer cases to centres of diagnosis, treatment, and relief of\nagony. Here we find all travelling charges paid to make available adequate consultation,\ndiagnosis, and treatment from isolated areas to the closest locality equipped to deal with\nthe problem.\nA comparison of the costs for the fiscal years 1948-49 and 1949-50 is as follows:\u2014\nFiscal Year Fiscal Year\n1948-49 1949-50\nMedical   $250,004.18 $592,908.17\nDrugs      172,554.46 299,478.71\nDental        19,290.90 24,764.96\nHospital        10,317.53 3,990.96\nOptical          3,817.73 13,425.22\nTransportation        10,484.90 14,156.08\n$466,469.70        $948,724.10\nIn summary, one can state that much has been accomplished in bringing to the needy\nof the Province services which are as good or better than any other Province in our\nDominion.\nRespectfully submitted.\nJ. C. Moscovich, M.D.,\nDirector. R 84 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nINDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR BOYS\nI have pleasure in presenting the forty-sixth annual report of the Provincial Industrial\nSchool for Boys, covering the fiscal year 1949-50.\nWe feel that considerable progress has been made in the development of policy and\nplans with the view to the eventual moving of the school from the present location and in\norder that no time may be lost in putting into effect a programme of treatment in keeping\nwith the most advanced methods when adequate facilities are available to us.\nWe are fully cognizant of the fact that we have a dual capacity to fulfil\u2014(1) our\ntreatment and training of those committed to our care and (2) our responsibility to the\ncommunity. The first calls for an intensive treatment programme to meet the needs of\neach individual case and the second for a degree of custodial care.\nAlthough handicapped by lack of facilities in both of these phases, we feel that much\ngood work has been accomplished owing to the fine efforts of our staff, who have benefited\ngreatly by in-service training and interpretation. In both of these we have received\nimmeasurable help from the Child Guidance Clinic staff and the training supervisors of\nthe Social Welfare Branch, supplemented by our own staff meetings and coaching, all of\nwhich have given us a deeper appreciation of the problems of those whom we serve and\na more informed approach to differential treatment.\nOne hundred and eleven boys were admitted during the year, 36.9 per cent being\nunder 15 years of age and 63.1 per cent being 15 years of age and over.\n3.6 per cent or 4 boys were under 12 years of age.\n1.8 per cent or 2 boys were between 12 and 13 years of age.\n9.9 per cent or 11 boys were between 13 and 14 years of age.\n21.6 per cent or 24 boys were between 14 and 15 years of age.\n15.3 per cent or 17 boys were between 15 and 16 years of age.\n32.5 per cent or 36 boys were between 16 and 17 years of age.\n15.3 per cent or 17 boys were over 17 years of age.\nThe average age was 15%2 years, approximately one year older than in previous\nyears.\nOur average daily population was 81.7 boys, average monthly admissions were 9.25\nboys, while releases averaged 10.5 boys per month. Twenty-two and one-half per cent\nof our year's admissions were recidivists.\nThirty-seven Juvenile Courts were represented by our year's intake, and offences\nagainst property were responsible for the majority of commitments, there being eighty-\neight under this heading. There were five offences against persons and eighteen miscellaneous offences.    The average length of training period was 300 days.\nHEALTH SERVICES\nIt is the policy of the school to give-major consideration to the health of our boys,\nthe majority of whom are found to be in need of medical or dental care upon admission.\nA battery of tests and examinations is given within the first month of admission, the results\nof which often have far-reaching effects upon our programme of training.\nDental service occupies three mornings per week and is taken care of by the Vancouver General Hospital Dental Clinic, where every consideration is given to our patients\nby both doctors and nurses. The following figures will illustrate the amount of dental\nwork done, and our thanks are due to the staff of this department for their courteous and\nefficient treatment. One hundred and seventy boys were given a total of 268 appointments and the following work completed: 99 extractions, 713 fillings, 48 X-rays, 3 partial\ndentures. The extent of this service might be illustrated by the fact that one boy required\nforty-one fillings, while another had six extractions, thirty fillings, and a partial denture. REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 85\nOne hundred and thirty-six chest X-ray examinations were given, 134 being negative,\none showing minimal arrested tuberculous lesion of reinfection type, and one showing\nreactivation tuberculous disease of right lung (boy was transferred to hospital).\nFive hundred and sixty-two days' hospitalization were necessary for a variety of\nmedical and surgical treatments, this year being the heaviest on record at our school.\nOne case of a boy suffering from diabetes and epilepsy was responsible for 337 days of\nthis total. As the school pays regular hospital rates for boys who are hospitalized, the\ntreatment entails considerable expenditure, yet we know that little can be accomplished\nin changing behaviour patterns when a patient is physically or mentally ill, and restoration\nto normal health is essential in our programme of treatment of behaviour problem cases.\nSOCIAL WORK DEPARTMENT\nConsiderable progress is noted in our Social Work Department during the past year,\nand in closer co-operation in our relationships with the Child Guidance Clinic.\nIncreased appointments, case-work supervision, and the attendance of two members\nof the clinic team at our weekly case discussions provided both incentive and leadership in\nour challenging work. Since January, when increased clinic appointments were obtained,\nwe have increased our full examinations by 40 per cent and our psychiatric interviews by\n67 per cent. A total of forty-seven full examinations and fifty-two psychiatric examinations were completed, which covered approximately 75 per cent of our population. An\nadditional 10 per cent has been known to the clinic previously, so it appears that in the\napproaching year psychiatric services will be available to every boy.\nTreatment recommendations have been followed as closely as possible within our\nlimited resources. This department has worked closely with other programme areas\nto interpret treatment needs in the light of background information and psychiatric findings. A group of seven particularly disturbed boys who could not adjust in our regular\nprogramme were given special attention by this department with heartening results. An\ninteresting experiment in using \" finger painting \" as a diagnostic medium was also\nconducted.\nEleven agencies provided case-work services for our boys' families, as this department sent regular progress reports to the field. Social history information was sent to\nus quite promptly, and pre-release planning was accomplished in a co-operative way.\nAn increasing number of probation officers and social workers from supervising agencies\nvisited the school to maintain contact with their boys. These visits are being encouraged,\nas they not only help the boy maintain his community contacts, but also give more people\na first-hand picture of the child in the institutional setting.\nAnother encouraging sign is the response which we have received to our requests\nto supervising agencies for follow-up reports. The compiling of these records over an\nextended period may prove to be valuable research tools by which we can measure the\neffectiveness of our programme.\nThere were 107 boys on the roll at the beginning of the fiscal year 1949-50, and\n111 boys were admitted during the year. This case-load of 218 cases was divided\nbetween two workers. We found it rewarding to choose certain cases for special attention, as it was impossible to work intensively with every boy.\nThis year arrangements were made to have a psychiatrist and a psychiatric social\nworker from the Child Guidance Clinic attend our regular weekly staff meetings in order\nto make suggestions relative to the treatment of boys in terms of their psychiatric needs\nand to supervise the case work of our social workers. We appreciate greatly the fine\nservice given by Dr. R. G. E. Richmond and Mr. D. Ricketts in this regard and feel that\na more efficient job is being done through their interpretive conferences.\nOne of our social workers took leave of absence during the year in order to take the\ngraduate course in social work at the University of British Columbia. When he returns\nin August, 1950, he will have full professional standing. R 86\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nWe feel that the year's work in our Social Work Department has been most encouraging and has produced some interesting trends. Increased psychiatric and case-work\nservices, improved response from supervising agencies, and a development toward individualized treatment within the school are encouraging signs.\nSocial Welfare\nBranch\nGRAPH B.\u2014SHOWING DISTRIBUTION BY SUPERVISING AGENCIES\nnumber of cases\n0 10 20 30 40\n42 boys or 37.9%\nVancouver Juvenile\nCourt\nProvincial Probation Branch\nVictoria Juvenile\nCourt\nVancouver Children's\nAid Society\nVictoria Children's\nAid Society\nCatholic Children's\nAid Society\nDepartment of\nIndian Affairs\nNew Westminster\nSocial Assistance\nDepartment\nChild Welfare\nDivision\nOffice of Official\nGuardian\nIII\n\/fY\/'\/j\n\u25a0\u25a0H\n\u25a0\n^\nnnn\n#1\n11\nllpl^;\nW\n^\n#\nf|jf\n\u2022\n\u00a7\u25a0\u25a0\nm\n\u00a7i^\nm\n1\nill\nill\ni\n.\nlil\nWM\nP\nHI\np\n1\n%\n!\n1\n1\ni\\\ni\n20 boys or 18.0%\n15 boys or 13.5%\n9 boys or 8.1%\n8 boys or 7.2%\n6 boys or 5.4%\n4 boys or   3.6%\n3 boys or  2.7%\n2 boys or   1.8%\n1 boy or  0.9%\n1 boy  or  0.9%\nEDUCATION.\nNinety-nine boys were enrolled in academic classes during the year. This, we feel,\nis a high enrolment, considering that the majority of our total population were between\nthe ages of 15 and 17 years. The fact that there is a change in registration every month,\nowing to new admissions and releases, makes it difficult to record any final statistical\ntable that would indicate the success or failure in any one department.\n16 boys were enrolled in special classes during the year.\n11 boys were enrolled in Grade V.\n17 boys were enrolled in Grade VI.\n23 boys were enrolled in Grade VII.\n17 boys were enrolled in Grade VIII.\n7 boys were enrolled in Grade IX.\n2 boys were enrolled in Grade X correspondence course.\n2 boys were enrolled in Grade XI correspondence course.\n1 boy was enrolled in Grade XII correspondence course.\n3 boys were enrolled for cooking instruction.\nFollowing the term examinations in June, 1949, five boys were promoted to Grade\nIX out of a class of seven, and twenty others were promoted to higher grades between\nGrades IV and VII.\nA check of the standing of those enrolled during the year indicates that upon admission the average retardation is from two to three grades. REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 87\nWe are happy to report that two of the three boys who enrolled for instruction in\ncooking were able to secure positions at union wages upon their discharge from the school,\nand both are doing well in their work. The third boy returned to his home upon release.\nThis training feature will be expanded when more adequate facilities are available.\nOne boy who took tailoring instruction at the school secured work in this line with\na Vancouver firm upon discharge.\nClasses in motor mechanics are held regularly, and the interest taken is such that\nwe have had to increase these from two to four days per week. Approximately twelve\nboys attend each class.\nAuditory and visual aids continue to play an important part in our educational\nprogramme, as do school radio broadcasts, vocational films, and recordings in musical\nappreciation.    These do much to stimulate interest in the more routine forms of study.\nThe Industrial Arts Department continues to hold interest. This workshop has\nbeen remodelled during the year and some new equipment installed, permitting greater\nstudent participation. We feel that this department is all-important in our training\nprogramme, and trust that in any future development space and equipment will be\nprovided for a greatly increased and a more varied course of training.\nFor several years we have been of the opinion that our academic and vocational\ntraining should continue during the summer vacation period rather than close down\nduring-July and August. This year we secured a relief teacher who continued academic\ntraining on a remedial basis during the summer. This was found to be highly satisfactory, and several boys who were not promoted in June were able to start the fall term in\nhigher grades, thus saving their year's effort. It is our hope that this feature may be still\nfurther expanded to include vocational training.\nOur garden and greenhouse continue to serve a very useful purpose. Not only do\nthe vegetables raised provide the needs of the school for approximately four months and\nthe flowers grown help in beautifying the grounds, but the therapeutic value of this training\nhas been found of great help in our work with a particular type of disturbed boy, who\ngets satisfaction from close contact with nature.\nRECREATION AND ENTERTAINMENT\nIn addition to formal classes in physical education held twice weekly, recreational\nactivity and entertainment occupy a large portion of late afternoon and evening hours.\nSoccer, lacrosse, baseball, volleyball, basketball, and other team and group games,\nseasonal in aspect, are popular activities. Teams representing the school compete with\nmany outside groups and display very fine sportsmanship and a spirit of fair play. Swimming is our most popular recreational activity, and the pool is seldom unoccupied.\nInstruction is given in swimming, diving, and life-saving.\nThree hobby clubs meet regularly and promote a variety of worth-while projects,\nas well as providing a natural outlet for those interested in hobbies, handicrafts, and other\nspare-time activities.\nThrough the generosity of the New Westminster Parks Board, groups of boys from\nthe school have been able to attend the professional hockey and lacrosse games during\nthe season and also many other special events, including the ice carnival, circus, and\ngymkhana. These special events are greatly appreciated by the boys. Service clubs\nand other organizations have been most generous in permitting our boys to attend, without\ncharge, many events sponsored by them.\nWeekly picture shows are held at the school, and many other events, such as picnics,\nhikes, and visits to places of interest, are arranged. Seasonal features are not forgotten,\nand our Christmas concert proved to be the big event of the year. Sixty-three artists\nfrom New Westminster and Vancouver combined to bring to the school an outstanding\nvariety programme, to which the parents and friends of our boys were invited. R 88 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nOur grateful thanks are due to so many people for their thoughtfulness in providing\nthese extras, which have made possible many hours of wholesome fun and enjoyment.\nRELIGIOUS TRAINING\nReligious services are held each Sunday for both Catholic and Protestant boys, the\nCatholic boys attending the parish church at Port Coquitlam, while the New Westminster\nbranch of the Salvation Army and the Sapperton Baptist Church alternately conduct\nservices for the Protestant boys in the recreation room at the school. Opportunity is also\ngiven during the week for boys to meet with representatives of these denominations for\nthe purpose of discussion and study.\nWe are grateful for the kindly interest taken by Rev. Father J. P. Kane, Rev. T. J.\nJones, and the officers of the Salvation Army, who have given so generously of their\ntime in ministering to our needs.\nReligious training, like other phases of our school programme, must, combat the\nhandicap of inadequate quarters. A quiet room in proper surroundings and a school\nchaplain, who could give time to interview boys and share with them their problems,\nwould be of immeasurable help.\nMOVEMENT OF POPULATION, APRIL 1st, 1949, TO MARCH 31st, 1950\nNumber in school, April 1st, 1949  89\nNumber in Oakalla, April 1st, 1949  1\nNumber on extended leave, April 1st, 1949 :.  3\nNumber absent without leave, April 1st, 1949  14\nNumber of admissions during year  111\n218\nNumber released during year  126\nNumber absent without leave, March 31st, 1950     13\n  139\nNumber in school, March 31st, 1950  79\nSTATISTICAL INFORMATION FOR YEAR 1949-50\nCharges Resulting in Commitment\nOffences against property  88\nOffences against persons  5\nOther offences  18\nTotal  111\nNumber of Apprehensions by Regions\nRegion I  7  24\nRegion II  45\nRegion III  24\nRegion IV  7\nRegion V   11\nTotal  111 REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH\nR 89\nAges of Boys\n10 years  1\n11 years  3\n12 years :  2\n13 years  11\n14 years  24\n15 years  17\n16 years .  36\n17 years ,  17\nTotal.\nIll\nParental Relationships\nNumber of boys from normal homes     54\nNumber of boys from broken homes     57\nTotal\n111\nGRAPH A.\u2014SHOWING ADMISSIONS OVER TWENTY-YEAR PERIOD  1930-50\nFiscal Year 30\/31\/32\/33\/34\/35\/3G\/37\/33\/39\/'4Q\/4\/\/4a\/43\/44\/45\/46\/47\/40\/'49\/\n     \/3! \/3B \/33 Z34\/35 \/36 \/37\/38 \/39\/40\/4I \/4a \/43\/44\/45\/46\/47\/48 \/43\/SO\nNumber af Admimions.   160\n155\nas\n,\n110\nI\n\\\n141\n\\\n140\n\\\n\/?->\u25a0\n\\\n130\n\\\nIB5\n\\\nIPO\n12\n\\\n115\n\\\n\\\nI\/O\nIII\n\\\n\/\/I\n105\n\\\nIOO\nICK\n'.\n\\\n95\n97\n\\\n90\n69\n\\\nm\nj\n\\\n87\n\\\nm\n79\n\/\nV\nV\n\/\n\/\n\\\n\/\n\\\n\u25a0\n7*\n\/\n\\\n\/\n\\\n76\n\/\n\\\n7T>\n\/\n76\n\\\n9\n-*\n\\\n74\n\/\n\\\n61\n65\nI\n6>\n\/\n\\\n,\n\/\n69\n60\n\\\n\/\n55\n\u00ab\n'\n50\n51\nJ\n45\n1\n50\n40\n\\\n\/\n=15\n\\\n1\nTO\n\\\n1\nP5\n29\n20\nI R 90 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nEXPENDITURE AND PER CAPITA COST\nSalaries  $70,787.32\nOffice and school supplies :  1,490.97\nTravelling and transportation  3,754.76\nShoes and clothing  4,350.43\nJanitor's supplies and maintenance of grounds  1,929.31\nFuel, light, water :....  4,185.39\nFurnishings, equipment  811.82\nProvisions ..:  24,607.32\nMedical, surgical, dental  5,292.57\nLaundry   1,947.56\nVocational and recreational supplies  1,076.89\nOther hospitalization  5,990.57\nIncidentals and contingencies  849.91\n$127,074.82\nLess\u2014\nRent collected    $495.00\nProceeds from meal tickets  1,844.00\n         2,339.00\n  $124,735.82\nPublic Works expenditure         5,012.34\nDecrease in value of stock  534.76\n$130,282.92\nCost-of-living bonus     $15,347.09\nPublic Works cost-of-living bonus  480.00\n       15,827.09\n$146,110.01\nReconciliation\nExpenditure as per Public Accounts   .. $140,082.91\nAdd\u2014\nPublic Works expenditure  $5,012.34\nPublic Works C.L.B        480.00\n$5,492.34\nDecrease in inventory        534.76\n         6,027.10\nExpenditure as per above statement  $146,110.01\nPer Capita Cost\nGeneral operating expense  $4.37\nCost-of-living bonus       .53\nTotal  $4.90 REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 91\nCONCLUSION\nWhile our total admissions were fourteen less than last year and our average daily\nattendance was down by five boys from the previous year,, we do not feel that this is\nsignificant at the present time. Our population fluctuates month by month and year by\nyear, and it is our opinion that when housed in a modern school the population of the\nschool will increase considerably.\nThis year has been outstanding in many respects as we plan and prepare for the new\nschool. Programme changes have been made, intensive staff-training instituted, an\nadvisory committee appointed, and regular meetings held to study and evaluate the work\nbeing done and to discuss plans for the future development of our school, and these are\nbut a few indications that we are endeavouring to keep abreast of the changing times in\npolicy and programme.\nIn conclusion, may I pay tribute to our staff, who have worked together harmoniously and given the administration their loyalty and support. To the many individuals,\ndepartments of Government, and public and private agencies, too numerous to enumerate,\nwho have given us so much help during the year in our work with and for those committed\nto our care, we extend our grateful thanks.\nRespectfully submitted.\nGeorge Ross,\nSuperintendent. R 92 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nINDUSTRIAL SCHOOL FOR GIRLS\nI respectfully submit the thirty-sixth annual report of the Girls' Industrial School for\nthe period from April 1st, 1949, to March 31st, 1950.\nGeneral routines within this institution followed the previous outline. Housekeeping, dining-room, kitchen, and laundry training was provided as usual. The sewing-room\nespecially has been productive of progressive instruction. The girls receiving training\nthere not only produce all the girls' wearing-apparel, bed and table linen, and provide\nmaintenance in the form of mending and remodelling, but were able to carry on during\nthe absence of their instructress while she was on vacation. They made new curtains for\ntheir assembly room during that period, too. Knitting and hand-work class turned out a\nfine collection of knitted baby garments and stuffed toys for the Junior Red Cross, as well\nas many useful, saleable articles to swell the fund used to provide materials for this class.\nHEALTH\nThis important part of our programme was carried out by the various clinics\u2014\nphysical, dental, and venereal disease. General health was good. There were five hospitalizations\u2014two for tonsillectomy, one for observation which resulted in transfer to\nmental hospital, one for removal of a swallowed needle, and the fifth for X-ray observation of progress of a swallowed safety-pin without necessity for operation.\nSCHOOL\nThe following are movements of school classes: \u2014\nOn roll, April 1st, 1949  15\nEnrolled during term  16\n\u2014 31\nReleased during term  13\nOn roll, March 31st, 1950  18\nAll but two of these pupils were enrolled in Government correspondence courses.\nThese prepared courses have proved to be a most satisfactory means of organizing our\nclasses upon an individual basis. Nine girls were enrolled in partial Grade IX or X.\nHigh school and more advanced elementary grades spent a full day in class, the others\na half-day.\nSeven girls received music lessons in addition to school work. Several had received\nmusical instruction previously, and welcomed the opportunity to continue.\nTRAINING AND PLACEMENT\nWe are looking back upon a year during which a variation in training programme,\ninitiated last year, has been developed to produce results indicative of its value as part of\nour programme. This trend was toward training of a practical or vocational nature not\nobtainable within our institution.   Three separate types of plan were launched:\u2014\n(1) Placement in another institution where training was provided on the job\nwhile the girl was also a wage-earner.\n(2) Daily attendance at commercial or vocational schools while resident in\nGirls' Industrial School.\n(3) Trial placement, pending release to foster home, domestic or job placement.\nThese have been arranged in the order in which they were tried, rather than as an\nindication of their importance. The importance was dependent upon the girl, inasmuch\nas some placements required higher standards of education and personality for enrolment. REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 93\nMost of the cases tried in the first group were placed for several weeks or months at\na time in a small nursing home, where they received instruction in tray work, general\nbedside attention to patients, and preparation of light diets, etc. Four girls had the\nadvantage of this experience, which also netted them a little nest egg of ready money for\nuse upon release. All but one of these girls became successfully rehabilitated. One,\nwhom we may call \"Jane,\" appears in our second group as well, and her story continues\nthere. Another girl, with a Grade X education, was released to employment and training\nin hospital work as a ward maid. Nine months later, in the same hospital, she is. a\nqualified nurse's aide, a happy and useful citizen.\nIn the second classification, two girls completed training at the Vancouver Vocational Institute\u2014\"Jane\" as a waitress and \"Martha\" as a power-machine operator.\nFrom the beginning, \" Jane's \" reports were excellent. On several occasions she was\ngiven the opportunity of work at banquets or teas, and during Christmas vacation she was\nemployed in a full-time position where she gained valuable experience. These opportunities were offered by the institute while she was still in training. The money so earned\nwas a welcome addition to that previously saved. Upon completion of her course,\n\" Jane \" was released to steady employment. \" Martha,\" who showed keen interest in\nher power-machine course, was highly recommended, but owing to the seasonal nature\nof some garment shops, she was some time in finding steady employment. She remained\nat the school while working part time and, upon obtaining a permanent job, was released\nto her home and work. \" Martha \" has been four months in her present position, has had\ntwo pay increases, and is learning a cutting-machine, for which she shows evident aptitude.\nThree more girls in this classification are doing well, but have not completed courses.\nThe trial-placement group has been an effective means of developing security for the\ngirls who have no definite training and are fearful of being on their own. They understand that if they find the placement unsuitable in any way, they may return to us for\nfurther trial. This has proved to be a satisfactory and helpful plan. This group includes\nmother's help, domestic, and similar placements. In all these cases we have had the\ninterest and assistance of the Child Guidance Clinic, Children's Aid Societies, Probation\nService, schools, and employers, which we deeply appreciate.\nRECIDIVISTS\nThe story here is not too bright. We started the year with seven recidivists, three of\nwhom were committed for the third time. Of these, one was \"Jane,\" who returned bitter\nand defiant. However, in a month's time she requested the privilege of remaining until she\nwas fitted for employment that would provide her with security and self-respect. This\ngirl completed a grade in school, as well as waitress training, and during this period in the\nGirls' Industrial School set a fine example of co-operation and effort to the other girls.\nOf the other two, one was transferred to the mental hospital for treatment, and the other,\nan Indian, is still here. Of the remaining four, one, also an Indian girl, was mentioned\nabove as the one girl who did not reach a happy ending to her trial employment in the\nnursing home. Reports reaching us indicate that she has had several gaol terms since\nleaving us. The second of this group was released to her home and found work as\na domestic. She has avoided trouble, moves from one job to another, writes to us\nfrequently, and hopes to be married before long. The third girl is still here without\nimmediate plan. She is docile and obedient, but quite irresponsible. The last of the\nrecidivists went A.W.O.L. immediately following her eighteenth birthday and has not\nbeen heard of since. During the year only two recidivists were admitted\u2014one, an Indian\ngirl with previous poor adjustment and behaviour, who has spent a period in Oakalla\nsince her first commitment here, and the other was released less than three months previously through determined efforts of her parents. Her second committal was following\na more serious charge. Both of these girls are still here. Recidivists create a problem of\ntheir own, as they love to tell of the \" days back when \" and bring to light stories of earlier R 94 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nescapades, riots, and escapes that would otherwise be forgotten. On the other hand, these\ngirls are often helpful in settling quickly into routines and accepting help and instruction,\nwhich is an excellent example to others.\nINDIANS\nThis branch of our work remains the least productive of happy results. At the\nbeginning of the year there were two Indian girls in the school, and five were admitted\nbefore the end of March. Of these seven, three were recidivists, and six were delinquent\non charges involving vagrancy, sexual immorality, or intoxication, indicating morals\nweakened by lack of supervision, education, or productive employment. In no case has\none of these girls completed Grade VI previous to committal. This has prohibited training in any course leading to employment. The sixth girl, while charged with incorrigibility, had a lengthy history of sexual delinquency. Three of these girls are still in the\nschool, have reached saturation point, and no plan for future placement is available. Of\nthe three released, one went to hospital placement, which she almost immediately left to\nreturn to her former mode of life. The other two went to relatives, and we know nothing\nof what became of them. Many Indian families are nomadic, and it is difficult to trace\ntheir progress. Most Indian girls have a natural flair for manual crafts, appreciation of\ncolour and art, and it was hoped to establish a programme by which these talents might\nbe developed. The class in Indian art, instituted last year, collapsed through the illness\nof the Indian instructress. We were unable to find anyone qualified or interested enough\nto carry on.\nDISPOSITION OF GIRLS\nIt may be interesting to note the disposition of released girls. It should be borne in\nmind that committal has followed years of life in which the forces have been against\nworthy development of socially acceptable habits, respect for authority, or desire for\nhigher standards. Complete character reformation can hardly be brought about in a\nmatter of months. These girls need constant support and encouragement in their efforts\nto conform to new standards. Seventeen girls were released in this year. Nine of these\nwere placed in care of relatives to attend school or to become employed. Of these, one is\nmarried, four are happily continuing their work, and the whereabouts of three are\nunknown to us. One became a recidivist and is still in Girls' Industrial School, planning\nattendance at commercial school. Of the three unknown, two were Indian girls, one\na half-breed. Two unmarried mothers were released to agency care following confinement. One of these has visited us, and seemed well and happy in domestic employment.\nTwo girls were released to employment in hospitals (as well as one of first group). Both\nremained several months in these positions, one leaving for cannery work, and the other\nto her former way of living.\nOf the four remaining releases, one was to foster home, one to Provincial Mental\nHospital, one out of the Province, and one to attend private school. Seven of the total\nnumber were 18 years of age; nine have voluntarily continued contact with the school by\nletter, telephone, or visit.\nRELATED AGENCIES\nThe Child Guidance Clinic has been of great assistance to us. Our usual routine\nexaminations have been carried on with the added value of continuous psychiatric interviews for those girls disturbed enough to require this. For others, suggestions along\ntreatment lines have been most helpful and have brought about happy results. We\nappreciate the interest of the clinic team whose planning has made possible these\ntreatments.\nGrateful acknowledgment is extended to all agencies, Probation Service, various\nreligious bodies who so faithfully carry on our Sunday and midweekly programmes,\nincluding Salvation Army, John Howard Society, Anglican, United, and Roman Catholic\nchurches, as well as Vocational Institute, Women's Musical, Women's Philharmonic, REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 95\nLions' Club, and groups and individuals who have given so generously of effort and time\nin our behalf.\nMany happy relationships have been established between individual girls and the\nfield staff, Probation Officers, and social workers of Children's Aid Societies interested in\nthem. This has led to a more beneficial, happier, and more permanent result in planning\nand placement. We trust that their continued co-operation will support and assist us in\nthe coming year.\nPOPULATION OF SCHOOL, MARCH 31st, 1950\nOn roll, April 1st, 1949  27\n.     Girls admitted during year April 1st, 1949, to March 31st, 1950 . 28\n55\nReleased on parole .  15\nTransferred to other institutions     1\nTransferred out of British Columbia     1\n\u2014 17\nTotal in school, March 31st, 1950  38\nPLACES OF APPREHENSION\nRegion I      1 Region IV     3\nRegion II  18 Region V     5\nRegion III     1 \u25a0 \u2014\nTotal   28\nOFFENCES COMMITTED\nIncorrigibility   9               Vagrancy  3\nTheft   1 Violation of Probation... 2\nIntoxication  2 \u2014\nSexual delinquency   11                                Total   28\nLENGTH OF SENTENCE\nSec.  20,  Juvenile Delhi-                        Indeterminate   7\nquents Act, 1929  18                 Indeterminate,    not    ex-\nSec.   16, Juvenile Delin-                           ceeding two years  1\nquents Act, 1908     2 \u2014\nTotal   28\nPARENTAL RELATIONSHIPS\nNormal homes     8\nBroken homes  19\nAdoptive homes     1\nTotal   28 R 96\nBRITISH COLUMBIA\nQ\nW\nH\nH\no\n<!\nw\ni-l\n\u00ab\nO\no\nt\u00bb\nw\nCJ\n#\n^^\n>tf\n\\ 1.\n^\n\\   \u00a3\n*-*\n\\  \"^\n(N\n\\ \u2022\"\"\n[\n>.\nr*- REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH\nR 97\nEXPENSES AND REVENUE STATEMENT OF SCHOOL, MARCH 31st, 1950\nTotal inmate-days from April 1st, 1949, to March 31st, 1950_\nPer capita cost, one year\t\nPer capita cost, one day\t\nOperating expenditure by voucher\u2014\u2022\nSalaries \t\nCost-of-living bonus \t\nOffice and school supplies, etc.\u2014\nPostage, office and school supplies-\nTelephone and telegraph\t\nTravelling expenses  \t\nFarm operations \t\nFurnishings, equipment, etc.\nClothing\u2014\nClothing\nBoots and shoes _\nJanitor's supplies \t\nFuel, light, and water-\nFuel \t\nWater  \t\nLight and power\nProvisions\u2014\nGroceries\nMeat \t\nFish \t\nMedical attendance, medical supplies, hospitalization, and dental cost\u2014\nMedical attendance \t\nMedical supplies\nHospitalization and surgery\nDental cost \t\nEyes examined and glasses provided.\nGood Conduct Fund\t\nIncidentals and contingencies\t\nVocational and recreational supplies .\nTotal expenditure for year by voucher.\nMaintenance and repairs (expended through Public Works Department)-\nSalaries \t\nCost-of-living bonus  ,\u2014\nRepairs  :\t\nGrounds \t\nInventory, March 31st, 1949\nLess proceeds from sale of meal tickets .\nLess rent \t\nLess credit for sale of garden produce _\nLess inventory, March 31st, 1950\t\nReconciliation\n10,051\n$2,022.17\n$5.5402\n$25,138.20\n4,986.76\n$262.11\n132.02\n$317.78\n89.01\n$3,221.00\n314.45\n820.97\n$4,998.64\n1,526.47\n219.75\n$520.00\n117.69\n566.40\n331.50\n15.50\n394.13\n517.67\n376.28\n1,341.37\n406.79\n471.79\n4,356.42\n6,744.86\n1,551.09\n237.35\n92.69\n391.87\n$47,007.27\n$2,411.40\n497.92\n6,986.41\n109.82\n$1,304.00\n480.00\n6.00\n1,560.85\n10,005.55\n2,023.02\n$59,035.84\n3,350.85\n$55,684.99\nTotal expenditure as per Public Accounts  $45,217.27\nAdd Public Works expenditure     10,005.55\nAdd inventory as at March 31st, 1949\nLess inventory as at March 31st, 1950..\nExpenditure (as above) \t\nRespectfully submitted.\n$55,222.82\n2,023.02\n$57,245.84\n1,560.85\n  $55,684.99\nA. V. Peck,\nSuperintendent. R 98 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nPROVINCIAL HOME, KAMLOOPS\nI beg to. submit herewith the Annual Report of the Provincial Home, Kamloops, for\nthe fiscal year 1949^50.\nIMPROVEMENTS TO BUILDING\nThe major improvement executed during the year was the complete overhaul of the\nkitchen and dish-washing room. The kitchen was equipped with new electrical cooking\nfacilities, including an electric range, bake-ovens, and a hot-food wagon for sick-ward\nuse. Also installed in the kitchen were new double stainless sinks and drain-boards,\nwhile in the dish-washing room the walls were lined with stainless steel and plastic boarding. The floors of the kitchen, bake-room, and dish-washing room were re-covered with\nrubber tile of a bright cherry-red tone. All of this has enhanced the appearance of the\nkitchen and facilitated the work of cooks. The dining-room was fully equipped with\nnew hardwood maple chairs, lacquer finish, with new tea and coffee urns installed in the\ndining-room for convenience.\nThe entrance driveways of the home were widened and concrete curbing installed.\nThe section of ground on the right of the entrance was cleared of bushes, levelled, and\nseeded to grass, with flower-beds inserted to correspond with the grounds to the front of\nthe building.\nThe trees on the boulevard on Columbia Street, having overgrown, were thinned out\nand trimmed, which facilitated a clearer approach for traffic and the use of the crossing\nby the residents in the home.\nENTERTAINMENT\nA new pool table was installed in the recreational room, and I am happy to state\nthat this pool table has been the centre of recreation, and is in use continually, and is\ngreatly appreciated by the residents.\nDuring the year we have been favoured with entertainment from various local organizations\u2014the Kamloops Junior High School Band in particular, the Elks Band, High\nSchool Girls' Choir, St. Ann's Convent girls, and during Christmas week a variety of\nentertainment took place every night, the highlight being the Elks concert party with\ntheir gifts of smokes for our residents.\nA picture show is a weekly occurrence, and religious services by various denominations are regularly held. Several organizations and individuals donate illustrated periodicals, which are greatly appreciated, and the game of checkers, both inside and outside\nboard, is becoming quite competitive.\nMEDICAL SERVICES\nSatisfactory arrangements with the Irving Clinic, whereby one of their doctors\nattends at the home once a week and on call for any emergency, still continues.\nCONCLUSION\nI am happy to look back on a year of substantial progress in the improvements of\nthe physical aspects of the Provincial Home. It has been noted that as the regulations\ngoverning the day-to-day operation of the home have been more carefully adhered to, the\nmorale and happiness of the residents have definitely improved. REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 99\nFINANCIAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR APRIL 1st, 1949,\nTO MARCH 3 1st, 1950\nExpenditure for the Fiscal Year Ended March 31st, 1950\nSalaries   $54,903.35\nD.V.A. refund  !  $15.00\nW.C.B. refund   3.55\nOverpayment   25.13\nOverpayment   1.80\nD.V.A. refund   43.02\n88.50\nCost-of-living bonus  $ 12,968.37\nLess\u2014\nOverpayment    $5.03\nOverpayment    .36\nD.V.A. refund   12.91\n\u2022  18.30\n$54,814.85\nExpenses\u2014\nOffice supplies, etc.  ...     $1,033.62\nLess unemployment insurance   160.28\nFuel, water, light, etc  $17,020.75\nLess\u2014\nCharge to Provincial Police  $1,799.66\nCharge to Public Works    2,246.38\n4,046.04\nJanitor's supplies and maintenance     $1,288.19'\nLess repairing projector  41.98\nFurnishings, equipment, etc.      $6,867.51\nChairs      $988.80\nPool table        756.51\nAssemble pool table  15.95\nBarber chair        303.85\n       2,065.11\n12,950.07\n873.34\n12,974.71\n1,246.21\nProvisions, etc.   $27,976.90\nLess\u2014\nTobacco sales  :     $469.40\nSale of carrots   76.00\nImperial Tobacco Sales Co., Ltd        111.40\nSale of seed-potatoes         26.20\n4,802.40\n683.00\n27,293.90\nClothing, etc.  I  5,407.69\nMedical and surgical supplies  4,345.07\nTransportation of inmates   708.37\nFeed for live stock  1,189.07\nLaundry   '_  1,036.28\nBurials   1,380.00\nOther hospitalization  240.00\nIncidentals and contingencies      $2,877.84\nLess\u2014\nComfort money to non-pensioners...   $1,603.00\nRent for pasture land  12.00\n1,615.00\n1,262.84\n$130,524.80\nLess rent, $776.25, and board, $1,946         2,722.25\nTotal expenditure   $127,802.55 R 100 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nInmate-days\nInmates in home, April 1st, 1949  141\nInmates admitted during the year     66\n  207\nInmates discharged      37\nInmates died  __     34\n     71\nTotal number of inmates, March 31st, 1950  136\nTotal number of inmate-days  49,912\nExpenditures by Department of Public Works, Maintenance and Repairs\nSalaries    $8,630.80\nCost-of-living bonus   1,883.52\nRepairs  6,483.22\nGrounds   347.64\nTotal  ._.-,     $17,345.18\nSummary\nTotal Provincial Home expenditure  $127,802.55\nPublic Works expenditure       17,345.18\nTotal expenditure  $145,147.73\nTotal cost per capita: $145,147.73-M9,912=$2.90807v\nMoneys Paid to Government Agent, Kamloops\nPensions      $58,930.36\nReconciliation\nNet expenditure as per Public Accounts     $71,925.94\nAdd maintenance receipts      61,978.97\n$133,904.91\nAdd Public Works expenditure       17,345.18\n$151,250.09\nLess pensioners' comforts         6,102.36\nTotal expenditure (as above)  $145,147.73\nRespectfully submitted.\nJ. M. Shilland,\nSuperintendent. REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 101\nWELFARE INSTITUTIONS BOARD\nI herewith submit the annual report of the \" Welfare Institutions Licensing Act.\"\nThe year 1949 was another busy one in the administration of the \"Welfare Institutions Licensing Act.\" The total number of cases dealt with was 628; this was an increase\nof 56 over the previous year. There were 339 licences issued; of these, 265 were\nrenewals and 74 were new licences. During the year 47 licensed institutions closed,\nleaving 292 licensed institutions at the end of the year.\nThe Welfare Institutions Board, which administers this Act, held regular monthly\nmeetings to approve applications for licence and to attend to other important business.\nThe purpose of the \"Welfare Institutions Licensing Act\" is to protect, through\nlicensing, certain dependent groups of children and old people, and is considered an\nimportant and valuable means of control.\nWELFARE INSTITUTIONS\u2014CHILDREN\nA. Full-time Care of Children\nThere are two types of welfare institutions licensed to give full-time care to\nchildren:\u2014\n(1) Children's institutions which are under the auspices of a private organization or society. These are administered by a board of management and\ngive care to a large number of children.\n(2) The private family home which is licensed to care for not more than five\nchildren.\nInstitutions for Child-care\nIn this Province there have been no new children's institutions opened for some time,\nand the number of institutions now licensed is more than adequate for the requests for\nthis type of care. There have, however, been inquiries from interested groups about\nopening children's institutions, but these have been successfully dealt with as the situations\nhave arisen. The \" Welfare Institutions Licensing Act \" has been very useful in dealing\nwith such inquiries.\nOf the ten licensed institutions, only two are child-caring institutions, and during\n1949 a total of 149 children received care in these two institutions. The other eight\ninstitutions are set up to give special services to children, and children are usually placed\nhere for short periods. The total number of children cared for in these latter institutions\nwas 434.\nBy and large, all the licensed children's institutions are trying to do a fair job.\nBetter-trained staff is being employed, and boards of management are beginning to realize\nwhat services are available to them through the Social Welfare Branch, Child Welfare\nDivision, and the Child Guidance Clinic. However, the matter of educating boards of\nmanagement to the importance of proper intake standards, case-work services, and\nfollow-up procedures is continuing, but results in this field are somewhat slow.\nIn most institutions more attention is being paid to the use of leisure time, and\nhobbies are being encouraged. As few of the institutions have their own schools, the\nchildren attend the public schools in the area and take part in all community activities.\nThis tends to give the children a more normal life.\nInstitutions for the care of children have been used for many years and have been\nthe subject sometimes of favourable comments and sometimes of criticism by child\nwelfare workers. It now seems to be recognized that while an institution has many\ndisadvantages in the training of children, it also has many advantages, and it seems\ndefinitely agreed that children's institutions have a real place in any adequate and well-\nrounded child welfare programme. R 102 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nOne institution in Northern British Columbia was closed during the year.\nNumber of institutions licensed in 1949  10\nNumber of children cared for  683\nNumber of days' care  146,480\nPrivate Boarding Homes\n(As distinct from a home approved as a foster home by the Child Welfare Division,\nSocial Welfare Branch.)\nThe situation in relation to private boarding homes is now fairly well under control.\nEach year brings some improvement in the standard of care given and the type of person\nseeking licence. This improvement in the private boarding-home situation is due to the\nclose co-operation of the Children's Aid Societies, public health nurses, and the licensing\nauthority. Another important means of controlling these homes in the large centres is\nby checking all newspapers for advertisements of this nature. When persons who have\nadvertised to board children are acquainted with the terms of the \" Welfare Institutions\nLicensing Act,\" they usually decide to give up the plan.\nIn Vancouver the Children's Aid Societies investigate and supervise private boarding\nhomes. In Victoria this work is done by the Family Welfare and Children's Aid Society,\nwhile in other parts of the Province the field staff of the Social Welfare Branch have\nassumed this responsibility.\nChildren's agencies working with the homes are encouraging the private boarding-\nhome mother to discuss with them all plans made to board children before the placement\nhas been made. In the same way, parents are being encouraged to work through the\nchildren's agencies when seeking private boarding-home care for their children. When\nplacement is made in this manner, better results are achieved.\nIn Vancouver there is a Children's Private Boarding Home Committee under the\nchairmanship of the Vancouver Children's Aid Society, with representation from the\nCatholic Children's Aid Society, Metropolitan Health Services, and welfare institutions.\nThis committee deals with all difficult situations that arise concerning private boarding\nhomes in Vancouver. The committee aims to improve the standards of care and to\ncontrol the situation in general.\nNumber of children's boarding homes licensed in 1949  57\nNumber of children cared for        240\nTotal days' care .  42,831\nB. Day Care for Children\nWelfare institutions licensed for day care usually confine their activities to the care\nand training of pre-school children.    Projects are licensed for two different types of care.\n(a)  Foster Homes for Day Care\nThis service is provided in Vancouver for the children of working mothers by the\nFoster Day Care Association.\nMothers needing this type of care for their children are required to register with\nthe agency. The cost of this service is reasonable, and should the mother not be able\nto meet the full charge, the association gives financial assistance. It is the mother's\nresponsibility to take her child to and from these homes. These homes are under the\nsupervision of the agency social worker, and the district public health nurse visits regularly.    A kindergarten class is held once a week in each home.\nWhile only eleven homes were licensed, there were six in the process of being\nlicensed at the end of the year.\nNumber of foster homes licensed  11\nNumber of children cared for        210\nTotal days' care  15,793 REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 103\n(b) Kindergartens, Play Schools, and Nursery Schools\nThe interest in the education and training of pre-school children which began in\nthe war years still continues. Kindergartens and play schools are now located in the\noutlying parts of the Province as well as in the large centres.\nThere has been continued improvement in personnel, accommodation, and equipment of these projects. There are now courses available for those interested in this work\nat the Vancouver night-school and also the Victoria night-school. The Extension Department of the University of British Columbia has much valuable and useful material on\nthis subject.\nThere is an increased demand for this service, and this has been met to some degree\nby kindergartens and play schools which have been established by many churches and\ncommunity groups as well as by private persons.\nThe important person in any pre-school project is a well-trained supervisor, for\nshe knows that the purpose of pre-school education is to help the child develop physically,\nmentally, emotionally, and socially. She values the child's mind and realizes how much\ndepends on the way it is trained to grow. She knows that the 3-year-old will fight for\na favourite toy he wants, and how the 4-year-old begins to share his playthings, and\nhow the 5-year-old develops a sense of fairness and begins to take his turn. The child\nwho has been to nursery school or kindergarten goes to school more developed socially\nthan the child who has seldom been away from home.\nAnother important part of any pre-school project is the parents' study group,\nusually organized and directed by the trained supervisor. Child development and\nbehaviour are studied by this group.\nMuch credit for improvement in this field is due the Vancouver Kindergarten\nTeachers' Association. Through the efforts of this association, courses are now being\ngiven in pre-school education. This association also has drawn up a course of studies\nwhich it considers essential for the training of supervisors.\nNumber of pre-school centres licensed in 1949  105\nNumber of children registered       5,356\nNumber of days' care given  393,010\nMATERNITY HOMES\nThe three licensed maternity homes in this Province seem to be meeting the need\nfor this type of service. Maywood Home, operated by the Salvation Army, and Our\nLady of Mercy Home, which is run by a Roman Catholic Sisterhood, both in Vancouver,\nand the United Church Home in Burnaby, under the auspices of the United Church of\nCanada, have a total accommodation for fifty-five mothers and fifty-one babies.\nAll these homes work very closely with the Children's Aid Societies and the other\nwelfare agencies in planning for the rehabilitation of the mother and care of the child.\nBefore the \" Welfare Institutions Licensing Act\" was passed, maternity homes\nthen in existence were guilty of malpractice and also of exploitation of the unmarried\nmother and her child. Licensing has put these homes out of business, and to-day only\nrecognized and official organizations are permitted to carry on this work.\nNumber of homes licensed in 1949  3\nNumber of mothers cared for        256\nNumber of infants cared for        266\nTotal days' care  31,055\nAGED-CARE\nThere are many fine homes throughout the Province licensed under the \" Welfare\nInstitutions Licensing Act\" for the care of older people. R 104 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nEach year more homes are being licensed in the outlying districts of the Province,\nwhich means the old person can stay near his relatives and friends and among familiar\nsurroundings.\nDuring the year an increased number of private persons offered their homes for\nthis type of care, but all could not be licensed since the required standards could not\nbe met.\nThe City of Kelowna is building a new home for its old people. It will replace\nthe present David Lloyd-Jones home. It is of modern architecture, and all rooms for\nthe old people are at ground-floor level. The building will be open early in 1950 and\nwill have accommodation for twenty-eight guests.\nAll homes for old people are being encouraged to pay more attention to the\nrecreational and occupational needs of the guests. Handicrafts and hobbies have been\nstarted in some homes and have met with great success. Old people also need entertainment, and in some areas the local movie theatre gives free tickets at least once a week\nto the old people, while in other boarding homes films are rented and are shown in the\nhome because the old people are not able to get out.\nMunicipal homes and those operated by organizations usually have very active\nwomen's auxiliaries which look after the needs of the old people.\nFrom several years' observation it has been noted that if placement is made when\nolder persons first need boarding-home care, they usually escape the diseases which\nattack old age and remain active until death.\nMost old people seem happier in the smaller boarding home, where there are no\nmore than about six guests and where they can be part of a family group.\nThe majority of these boarding homes have a regular attending physician.\nThe contentment and happiness of the old people depends largely upon the understanding attitude and kindliness of the person in charge.\nIn order to have a programme with some uniformity for the care of our older people,\nit is recommended that before official financial help is given any organization wishing to\nestablish a boarding home for old people, the need for such a home should be proven and\nthe organization should be willing to co-operate in their plans with municipal and\nProvincial authorities.\nNumber of homes licensed during 1949  92\nNumber of persons cared for       2,127\nTotal days' care  405,437\nUNEMPLOYED ADULTS\nThere has been no increase in the number of licensed homes for unemployed adults.\nAll four are for the care of girls and young women.\nIn Vancouver there is the Sisters of Service Residential Club (Roman Catholic),\na comfortable home for twenty young girls. Located also in Vancouver is the Bethel\nHome, which is under the auspices of the Mennonite Church of British .Columbia and\nprovides homey living-quarters for fifteen girls of the Mennonite faith. In Prince\nRupert there is the Salvation Army Home for Native (Indian) Girls. This home was\nopened because native girls coming to Prince Rupert to work were unable to get suitable\nand decent living accommodation. Rainbow House in Victoria, which is supported by\na group of philanthropic citizens, also gives a good home for fifteen girls.\nThe purpose of these homes is to provide comfortable living-quarters for young\nwomen away from home and to give protection and security. The cost to the girls\nis kept at a minimum, and no girl is turned away who is unable to pay. These homes\nare a valuable resource in their communities.\nNumber of homes licensed in 1949  4\nNumber of girls cared for        474\nTotal days' care  14,835 REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R  105\nSUMMER CAMPS\nThere are many fine summer camps in this Province where children can have a happy\nand healthy holiday, with experience in group living, lessons in co-operation and tolerance, and first-hand experience with nature. Many of our underprivileged children are\ngiven a camping holiday through the generosity of service clubs. It is interesting to\nnote that two or three of these camps had a camping period for a number of old-age\npensioners, and it was reported that the oldsters enjoyed this experience and are looking\nforward to a similar holiday next summer.\nGradually, all the camps are being brought under licence. Many camps have\nexpressed appreciation of licensing, since it is felt the camping standards will be\nimproved.\nThe Provincial Health Department is co-operating to improve health and sanitation conditions of camps, and the British Columbia Camping Association is working\ntoward improved camping programmes.\nNumber of summer camps licensed in 1949  25\nNumber of children cared for       8,005\nTotal days' care  117,023\nGENERAL\nThe work of the \" Welfare Institutions Licensing Act\" has now outgrown the\npresent regulations to the Act, and the Welfare Institutions Board now has under study\nnew regulations which will be more comprehensive and will help with the administration.\nIn conclusion, I should like to thank the Welfare Institutions Board for their assistance and help during the year. Also, I would like to thank the various welfare agencies\nfor their co-operation. R  106 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nSTATISTICS\nTable I.\u2014Showing a Comparative Summary of Information Regarding Premises\nLicensed under the \" Welfare Institutions Licensing Act \"\n1946\nI\n1947\n1948\n1949\nChildren\u2014Total Care (Excluding Summer Camps)\nNumber licensed\u2014\n10\n49\n659\n874\n151,956\n24\n35\n4\n127\n720\n39,279\n2\n2\n53\n984\n1,415\n288,396\n27\n26\n3\n43\n299\n14,846\n2\n81\n2,210\n4,531\n314,447\n54\n27\n11\n51\n690\n970\n162,915\n21\n41\n3\n102\n533\n33,591\n2\n1\n64\n1,077\n1,667\n336,977\n29\n35\n4\n58\n377\n20,051\n2\n2\n90\n2,485\n4,674\n326,541\n55\n35\n11\n66\n748\n1,025\n180,467\n25\n52\n3\n106\n549\n32,856\n2\n1\n68\n1,206\n1,823\n365,130\n34\n34\n4\n58\n434\n11,561\n2\n2\n111\n3,026\n5,309\n397,945\n68\n43\n10\n57\nC ap ac ity     \t\n683\n923\n189,311\n22\nNumber of premises located\u2014\n45\nWorn en\u2014Pregnant\n3\n106\n522\n31,055\n2\nNumber of premises located\u2014\n1\nAdults\u2014Infirm and Unemployable\n92\n1,417\n2,127\n405,437\n41\nNumber of premises located\u2014\n51\nAdults\u2014Emp loyable\n58\n14,835\n2\nNumber of premises located\u2014\nChildren\u2014Day Care\nNumber licensed \t\n3,104\n5,566\n408,803\n69\n47\nNumber of children enrolled     \t\nNumber of attendance-days    \t\nNumber of premises located\u2014\nIn rest of Province  \t REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 107\nTable II.\u2014Case-load, Showing the Total Number of Separate Licences,\nApplications, and Inquiries, 1949\nSection A\nBrought forward from 1948\u2014\n(a) Licensed premises   265\n(b) Applications and inquiries     94\nTotal case-load on January 1st, 1949  359\nSection B\nApplications received during 1949  269\nGross case-load, 1949  628\nSection C\nClosed during 1949\u2014\n(a) Licensed      47\n(b) Inquiries   176\nTotal subtractions   223\nSection D\nCarried forward into 1950\u2014\n(a) Licensed premises\u2014\n(1) Children\u2014total care   -82\n(2) Women\u2014pregnant        3\n(3) Adults\u2014infirm and unemployable     84\n(4) Adults\u2014employable        4\n(5) Children\u2014day care  112\nComposite licence under (1) and (3)       7\n292\n(b) Applications and inquiries  113\nTotal case-load carried into 1950  405\nMEMBERS\nThe following are the members of the Welfare Institutions Board for 1949: \u2014\nChairman:  Mrs. Edith Pringle, R.N.\nMembers:   Miss Amy Edwards, Old-age Pension Board;  Miss Ruby McKay,\nSuperintendent of Child Welfare;  Mr. J. A. Sadler, Regional Administrator; Dr. J. F. Cork, Consultant, Hospital Services Division.\nChief Inspector:  Mrs. Edith Prinde, R.N.\nDeputy Inspector:  Mrs. Edna L. Page.\nStatistician:  Miss A. E. Scott.\nRespectfully submitted.\n(Mrs.) Edna L. Page,\nDeputy Inspector of Welfare Institutions. R 108 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nSOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT, DIVISION OF TUBERCULOSIS\nCONTROL\nI beg to submit the following report on the activities of the Social Service Department, Division of Tuberculosis Control, for the fiscal year 1949-50:\u2014\nDuring the year beginning April, 1949, one service mentioned as a possibility in\na previous report materialized. This was the appointment of a full-time rehabilitation\nofficer to the staff of the Division. This officer works very closely with the case workers\nbecause he must understand what kind of people he is dealing with and also because\nthe patient's attitude and ability to accept limitations in employment are the concern of\nthe case worker. The rehabilitation officer is not actually a part of the Social Service\nDepartment but, to all intents and purposes, is considered to be a member of our staff.\nA most interesting development took place in the Victoria unit, where the social\nworker, in conjunction with other staff members, carried on a project started by a staff\ndoctor who had seen a similar project in England. This was the beginning of plans for\nan art therapy course. The social worker managed to interest an extremely gifted artist\nin helping some of our patients who had started to paint under the supervision of the\ndoctor. In the fall a well-attended and excellent show of patients' work was held in\nVictoria. The rehabilitation officer, co-operating with the social worker, then arranged\nthat this show should go on tour, and it was shown in Vancouver at the main Vancouver\nunit and at Jericho Beach unit, and was then taken to Tranquille. A tremendous amount\nof interest among the patients and staff was stimulated, and it is to be hoped that in future\nfunds may be obtained through a Dominion health grant to carry on a full-scale art\ntherapy project in all hospital units.\nDuring 1948 our method of keeping statistics on our cases was changed, so that now,\nfor the first time, we have an accurate count of our case-loads. In the Vancouver unit\nthe average monthly case-load for each worker was 98 cases, with 59 of these active\nduring the month. In the Jericho Beach unit the case-load was 88 cases, with 54 active.\nIn Tranquille each worker carried 125 cases, with 64 active. In the Victoria unit the\ncase-load was 94 cases per month, with 84 of these active. The Victoria worker has\nother responsibilities also, as she does a great deal of follow-up and visiting in the homes.\nIn Vancouver we depend on the excellent co-operation of the Metropolitan Health Committee and the City Social Service Department, so that we do not do a great deal of home\nvisiting, which would only duplicate the service of the other agencies. In addition, all\nworkers attend medical conference and ward rounds as part of their duties. The social\nworkers also take part in planning committees, hospital staff conferences, and entertainment projects for the patients.\nIn a statement on medical social services in T.B. Control, published by the Federal\nSecurity Agency of the U.S. Public Health Service in 1946, the standard to be aimed at\nin an institution was given as one social worker for every fifty to seventy-five bed patients.\nNot all of these patients, of course, would be referred to the social workers for service.\nIn order to reach such standards we would have to have one full-time worker and one\npart-time worker at Jericho Beach unit, five full-time workers at Tranquille, five workers\nin the Vancouver unit, exclusive of work with out-patients, with two other workers for\nthe out-patients. The Victoria unit, with one worker for seventy-six patients, is the\nonly one which is near this standard.\nIn our institutions we have a rather different situation than exists in the American\nhospitals as there is a very large turnover of cases, and because of the shortage of beds,\nit is necessary for patients to be discharged on much less exercise than is the case with\nother sanatoria. There a patient may be in hospital for three to four years. In our\ninstitutions a patient's stay is often measured in months. In addition, there is an outpatient clinic in Victoria and a large out-patient service given by the Vancouver unit. REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 109\nThe case-load figures seem small when compared with the case-loads of the field\nworkers. However, working with a sick person requires a tremendous amount of time\nfor each interview and countless interviews with other personnel, such as occupational\ntherapists, the rehabilitation officer, the patient's doctor, nurses on the ward, and other\nstaff members who are dealing with the patient. We still consider that our case-loads are\nlarger than we would like to have them to give the intensive case-work service that is the\nideal.    However, we are constantly working toward that.\nRespectfully submitted.\nHelen M. Sutherland,\nProvincial Supervisor of Medical Social Work. R 110 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nSOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT, DIVISION OF VENEREAL\nDISEASE CONTROL\nI beg to submit the following report on the activities of the Social Service Department, Division of Venereal Disease Control, for the fiscal year 1949-50:\u2014\nDuring the year ended March, 1950, several research projects were done by the\nsocial workers. One study which had been started previously and was completed in\nthis period was that of newly diagnosed juveniles. Another was an intensive study of\n150 newly diagnosed cases, the results of which were published in the June issue of\nBritish Columbia's Welfare under the title \"A Sociological Measurement of the Venereal\nDisease Problem.\"\nThe case-work supervisor, who had been studying for her master's degree, returned\nto the staff toward the end of the calendar year after completion of six months' field work\nin the United States. Her thesis, \"A Social Work Approach to the Venereal Disease\nProblem in British Columbia,\" was based on a study of the problem of repeaters in the\nVancouver clinic.\nIn February the Western Regional Conference of V.D. Control officers was held in\nVancouver. For the first time, social workers were on the programme of this conference.\nThe case-work supervisor from the British Columbia Division presented material from\nher thesis on repeaters, and the other social workers presented case-studies to show the\nintegral part which social case work plays in the medical care of patients with venereal\ndisease. This particular development was extremely interesting because the Division\nof Venereal Disease Control in British Columbia is the only one using the service of the\ncase workers in this way. Needless to say, this paper created a great deal of discussion\namong the V.D. Control officers.\nDuring the year a permanent psychiatric consultant was appointed to the staff of\nthe Vancouver clinic. The social workers have found him helpful in the case-work\nplanning of their difficult problem cases. The psychiatrist in turn depends on the social\nworkers to prepare the patients for his service. This means interpreting to the patient\nwhat psychiatric consultation will mean, as well as preparing social histories. It is to be\nhoped that the social workers will keep on doing detailed studies into the various aspects\nof venereal disease, such as the effect of the disease on the people who have contracted\nit, and an evaluation of the factors in the total experience of people which lead to\nvenereal disease infections. Eventually, a great deal of this material should be collected\nin permanent form.\nRespectfully submitted.\nHelen M. Sutherland,\nProvincial Supervisor oj Medical Social Work. REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 111\nPSYCHIATRIC DIVISION\nI beg to submit the following report on the activities of the psychiatric social workers\nin the Provincial mental health services for the year 1949-50:\u2014\nAs this is the last report I will present as Provincial Supervisor of Psychiatric Social\nWork, I shall review briefly the last year, and, by so doing, will fulfil the function of an\nannual report which is supposed to supply the facts of our stewardship of public funds.\nIn psychiatry we work in teams, but the team play goes much farther than the hospital\nwalls. It goes out to the community by means of our generalized service within our\nDepartment of Welfare. Our work here would be most ineffectual if we did not have\nother divisions co-operating with us. The field service of the Social Welfare Branch\nhelps inestimably in providing us with information of the local situation through the case-\nhistory. The Child Welfare Division comes into play with children left in homes where\neither or both parents have to be hospitalized in our Mental Hospital. There is planning\ntogether for either a short- or long-term period of State child-care. Dovetailing with this,\nthere are the Child Guidance Clinics ready to assist in lending their knowledge in psychiatry in the field of child-care. For instance, what happens to a child who has been exposed\nto a psychotic parent or parents? What may be expected of the parent after hospitalization? Will he or she be a fit and proper person to resume responsibilities, or will her type\nof psychosis clear away enough to make a fairly normal home, providing the other parent\npartner is capable of supplementing?\nWe in the hospital setting asked the Child Welfare Division to assist us in being able\nto reassure the sick parents that their children are receiving the expert care and protection\nafforded by our department as a whole, thus relieving the parents of this worry and allowing them to make the best use of hospital treatment.\nAgain in teamwork, the Family Division comes into play in providing case work as\nwell as financial assistance to families who have suffered hardship and sorrow due to\nremoval of a mentally ill person from the home to a mental hospital. In fact, all divisions\nwithin the structure of the Provincial Social Welfare Branch come into play in caring for\nthe mentally ill.\nMental health is only at the beginning of its career, and its pioneers, or its first\nworkers, many of whom are still active, know by experience that each forward step has\nbeen gained only by bitter struggle, unremitting effort, persuasion, and hard work. If we,\nin this Province, did not have the superstructure, provided by our leaders and wise\nadministrators in the public welfare field,, our field of mental health would be greatly\nhampered and progress would not be as hopeful as it is at present.\nIn this last year we have tried to improve our service by learning to know our\npatients better on the wards and carrying out case work with them as individuals. In\norder to do this, the crucial ingredient for a successful programme must be well-trained,\nexperienced, able, and devoted personnel ready to take direction from the psychiatrist\nand at the same time be in command of their own techniques in social case work in a psychiatric hospital setting. They must, at the same time, be reaching out into the community to assist their patients upon discharge and enlightening the public on what mental\nillness means and the necessity for trying to prevent such.\nWe are fortunate in being included in many educational opportunities as provided\nby our other departments within the hospital, and we try to reciprocate by imparting our\nspecial knowledge of case work with other divisions. Last year fourteen lectures were\ngiven to the nurses-in-training at the Mental Hospital, and two postgraduate nurses from\nEssondale spent a period of three weeks each in our department. Twelve teaching clinics\narranged for U.B.C. Social Work students, calling for the co-operative effort of patients,\npsychiatrists, and social workers. Two students from U.B.C. School of Social Work were\ngiven field work at Essondale. Twenty-four persons were given short periods of from\none to five days of orientation.    At the same time we have an over-all coverage of all R 112 BRITISH COLUMBIA\npatients admitted to Essondale\u2014being referred to the Social Service Division for casework services\u2014either intensive or short-term type.\nWe feel that the quality of the work has improved over the last year. This is a natural\ngrowth because the psychiatrists, as they know more of the social implications and have\nmore faith in the social workers, naturally turn over more responsibility to them. There\nis also the incidence of earlier discharge of patients through the more active treatments as\nused at Essondale, which calls for social planning by the social-work staff.\nREPORT OF THE SOCIAL WORKERS' PARTICIPATION IN\nTHE CHILD GUIDANCE CLINIC\nIn the last year it has been found, as with most Child Guidance Clinics as they age\nand progress, that a greater percentage of their clientele come from other than social\nagencies. This has been true of our clinics. Last year there was a 30-per-cent increase\nin referrals from private doctors. In most of these cases it means that the total case work\nfalls on the psychiatric social worker attached to the clinic. This is time-consuming but\nmuch more satisfactory, as treatment of the case is initiated in the very first clinical contact and there is the opportunity to prepare the parents and the child for the clinical\nexamination. Because a case is referred does not always mean that either the parents or\nthe child is ready to fully co-operate. Changes in behaviour cannot be imported ready-\nmade from the outside, but parents have to be ready and willing to make the effort themselves or there is a waste of expensive government services. Good preparation leads to\ngood participation for both the child and parents and also leads to accepting treatment\nchanges carried out through the social workers from the psychiatrist and other members\nof the clinical team.\nBecause of the above increase in doctors' referrals, the clinic has been unable to\naccept all social agency referrals. However, with the added team in the correctional field,\nmore time will be available for these cases.\nA full team in the correctional field has made for more time for examination of cases\nfalling into that category and more consistent follow-through. As part of the duties of the\nclinical team, a social worker has taken on a special role with the Boys' Industrial School,\nwhere, as a temporary measure to assist in its growing programme, a clinic case-work\nsupervisor has been supervising in the school's social-work department and participating\nin their staff meetings, which are also attended by the psychiatrist.\nThe staff of social workers at the Vancouver clinic has been increased, but, while at\nthe end of the fiscal year we had six workers against four workers at the beginning, the\nactual increase in regard to time on staff has been less than one worker. The supervisor\nof the clinic was loaned to the Supreme Allied Command in Japan and one other member\nwas on educational leave. However, the additional staff during the latter part of the year,\ntogether with the increase in staff of the other professions and teamworkers, has made it\npossible to organize our work more satisfactorily and to give better service to a larger\nnumber of clients.   This is clearly indicated by the yearly statistics.\nThe field training of two male students of social work during their university term\nwas time-consuming but profitable to the clinic, in that it helped to bridge the clinic's\nurgent need for a male case worker. It is hoped that this need will be filled in the near\nfuture.\nThe services of the travelling clinic have been expanded, which, of necessity, calls\nfor more social-work participation on the team. We hope, in this next year, to be able\nto expand more in this area, particularly as this is the one area in which we act as a teaching unit\u2014to public health nurses, teachers, lay service clubs, etc. Unfortunately, due to\nother more pressing demands, a minimum of social workers' time was devoted to the\ntravelling clinic work.\nEvaluation of the total programme has to be made from time to time in order to\navoid any one problem from receiving more than its allotted prominence.   In order to REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH R 113\ndo this effectively, the whole staff must be alert and come together to make a sampling\nsurvey. But some of the most effective clinical work that can be done is often of a\ncharacter that is so diffuse in its influence to the community that it cannot be traced to\nany one case but is a composite of the whole programme.\nIn a community public service, allied services ask for assistance in evaluating their\nclient. In this last year the spastic paralysis society, as well as others, has asked the\nclinic's help in studying their children. The spade work and preparation for Child\nGuidance Clinic examination falls on the psychiatric social worker, but, because of the\noften unusual individual capabilities of the children, this has proved to be a service well\nworth while. For instance, a child was presented at clinic who, because of her illness,\npresented a vacant facial expression. It was found, however, on examination that she\nwas capable of much teaching and really fell into the higher brackets of intelligence, and,\nbecause of the illness plus her intelligence, she was reacting in a non-acceptable social\nmanner due to lack of understanding of those caring for her.\nIf the psychiatric worker was not a participating part of the clinical team, they could\nnot enjoy the promising beginning and the additional progress that is in sight. However,\nit'must be remembered that the psychiatric social worker in a Child Guidance Clinic team,\nwhile very important, is only one person in that team.\nSTATISTICAL REPORT\nA. Social Services, Provincial Mental Hospital and Home for the Aged,\nApril 1st, 1949, to March 31st, 1950\nNumber oj New Cases Rejerred to Social Service Department\nIn Vancouver      630\nOut of Vancouver      774\n1,404\nThe number of new admissions was increased by 154 during the past fiscal year.\nDisposition\nDischarged on probation\u2014\nIn Vancouver      217\nOut of Vancouver      279\n496\nThis is an increase of 21 cases which were referred to the Social Service Department\nprobation services.\nReport of Social Service Work Carried Out by Members oj the Social\nService Department at Essondale\nInitital case-work interviews ' -  3,564\nIntensive case-work interviews with patients and their families 1,051\nCase-work interviews for the purpose of rehabilitation, including follow-up case-work services for patients discharged\non probation   2,122 R 114 BRITISH COLUMBIA\nOut-of-town Supervisory Service by Mail\nLetters to the Provincial field service, Social Welfare Branch,\nrequesting social histories and probation visits, and of a\ngeneral supervisory nature  2,527\nLetters to other social agencies in and out of British Columbia     551\n3,078\nSocial histories, probation and other reports, and letters of a\ngeneral consultative nature received from Provincial field\nservice, Social Welfare Branch  1,538\nCorrespondence received from other social agencies in and out\nof British Columbia ._      458\n1,996\nSpecial Assignments\nApplications taken for old-age pension for patients resident in\nProvincial Homes for the Aged      400\nWard rounds and medical staff clinics attended by members of\nthe Social Service Department        77\nOther special assignments, including conferences with other\nagencies, lectures to nurses, in-service training groups,\nand community groups      354\n831\nTraining oj University Students\nField work:  2 students placed.\nTeaching clinics held at the hospital for Social Service students\nfrom University of British Columbia         12\nRehabilitation of special cases in Vancouver      148\n160 REPORT OF THE SOCIAL WELFARE BRANCH\nR 115\nB. Social Services, Provincial Child Guidance Clinics,\nApril 1st, 1949, to March 31st, 1950\nVancouver\nVictoria\n1949-50\nTotal\n1948-49\nTotal\nIncrease\nCase-work   services\u2014Total   number   of   cases   brought\n84\n34\n118\n98*\nPer Cent\n20\nPrivate case referrals\u2014\n168\n10\n15\n67\n8\n9\n235\n18\n24\n150\n25\n57\nTotal intake _\t\n193\n84\n277\n175\n57\nTotal cases carried (844-193\u201410) \u201e\n267\n110\n377\n262\n43\n138\n129\n2,722\n868\n158\n183\n432\n106\n87\n36\n197\n41\n69\n937\n90\n57\n25\n144\n28\n99\n7\n26\n179\n198\n3,659\n958\n2151\n208 j\n576\n186\n43\n223\n158\n115f\n1,540\n1,017\n239\n298\n71\n186\n32\n150\n72\nTotal number of case-work interviews with and regard-\n137\n6\n77\n93\n88\n34\n49\n* Last year's increase in cases.\nt This year's increase in cases.\nThis report is respectfully submitted.\nJosephine F. Kilburn,\nProvincial Supervisor, Psychiatric Social Work.\nvictoria, B.C.\nPrinted by Don McDiarmid, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty\n1950\n845-1250-3856 ","@language":"en"}],"Genre":[{"@value":"Legislative proceedings","@language":"en"}],"Identifier":[{"@value":"J110.L5 S7","@language":"en"},{"@value":"1951_V02_05_R1_R115","@language":"en"}],"IsShownAt":[{"@value":"10.14288\/1.0342767","@language":"en"}],"Language":[{"@value":"English","@language":"en"}],"Provider":[{"@value":"Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library","@language":"en"}],"Publisher":[{"@value":"Victoria, BC : Government Printer","@language":"en"}],"Rights":[{"@value":"Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia","@language":"en"}],"SortDate":[{"@value":"1951-12-31 AD","@language":"en"},{"@value":"1951-12-31 AD","@language":"en"}],"Source":[{"@value":"Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia","@language":"en"}],"Title":[{"@value":"PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA Annual Report of The Social Welfare Branch of the Department of Health and Welfare For the Year Ended March 31st 1950","@language":"en"}],"Type":[{"@value":"Text","@language":"en"}],"Translation":[{"@value":"","@language":"en"}],"@id":"doi:10.14288\/1.0342767"}