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Legislative Assembly","@language":"en"}],"DateAvailable":[{"@value":"2017","@language":"en"}],"DateIssued":[{"@value":"[1950]","@language":"en"}],"DigitalResourceOriginalRecord":[{"@value":"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/collections\/bcsessional\/items\/1.0340880\/source.json","@language":"en"}],"FileFormat":[{"@value":"application\/pdf","@language":"en"}],"FullText":[{"@value":" PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA\nDEPARTMENT OF ATTORNEY-GENERAL\nProvincial Game Commission\nREPORT\nFor the year ended December 31st,\n1948\nVICTORIA, B.C. :\nPrinted by Don McDiakmid, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty.\n1850.  To His Honour C. A. Banks, C.M.G.,\nLieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia.\nMay it please Your Honour:\nThe undersigned has the honour to submit the Report of the Provincial Game\nCommission for the year ended December 31st, 1948.\nG. S. WISMER,\nA ttorney-General.\nAttorney-General's Department,\nVictoria, B.C., 1949. Office of the Game Commission,\nVancouver, B.C., July 1st, 1949.\nHonourable G. S. Wismer, K.C.,\nAttorney-General, Victoria, B.C.\nSir,\u2014We have the honour to submit herewith our Report for the year ended\nDecember 31st, 1948.\nWe have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour obedient servants,\nJAMES G. CUNNINGHAM,\nFRANK R. BUTLER,\nGame Commissioners.   TABLE OF CONTENTS.\nReports\u2014 Page-\nGame Commission  9\nGame Wardens, \"A\" Division  14\nOfficer Commanding \" B \" Division  18\nFishery Supervisor C. H. Robinson, \" B \" Division   22\nOfficer Commanding \" C \" Division  33\nFishery Supervisor C. H. Robinson, \" C \" Division  41\nOfficer Commanding \" D \" Division  51\nOfficer Commanding \" E \" Division  54\nPreliminary  Survey  of the  Steelhead  Trout of the  Lower  Fraser  River \u2014\nDr. P. A. Larkin  58\nSurvey Lower Mainland\u2014Dr. Ian McTaggart Cowan  69\nStatistical Reports\u2014\nComparative Statistical Statement of Revenue, etc., 1913-48, inclusive     75\nSummary of Total Revenue derived from Sale of Various Licences, Collections,\netc., during Year 1948     76\nRevenue\u2014Sale of Resident Firearms Licences       77\nRevenue\u2014Sale of Deer and Moose (Game) Tags     78\nRevenue\u2014Sale of Resident Anglers', Guides', Free Farmers', and Prospectors'\nFirearms Licences     79\nRevenue\u2014Sale of Non-resident Firearms and Anglers' Licences and Outfitters'\nLicences     80\nRevenue\u2014Sale   of   Non-resident   Ordinary   Firearms   and   Anglers'   (Minor)\nLicences     81\nRevenue\u2014Sale  of  Fui--traders',   Taxidermists',  and  Tanners'   Licences   and\nRoyalty on Fur     82\nComparative Statement of Revenue from Fur Trade, 1921-48, inclusive     83\nComparative   Statement   showing   Pelts   of   Fur-bearing   Animals   on   which\nRoyalty has been collected, 1921-48, inclusive      84\nStatement of Kind of Pelts of Fur-bearing Animals on which Royalty was\ncollected during Year 1948     85\nList of Confiscated Fur, 1948, and Revenue from Sale of Confiscated Fur     86\nList of Confiscated  Firearms,  1948,  and Revenue from  Sale  of  Confiscated\nFirearms     86\nBounties paid, 1948     88\nComparative Statement of Bounties paid from 1922 to 1948, inclusive     89\nRevenue\u2014Big-game Trophy Fees paid by Non-resident Hunters, 1948     90\nProsecutions, 1948     91\nHunting and Fishing Accidents, 1948     93\nStatement\u2014Trout Liberations, 1948     94\nStatement\u2014Returns from Holders of Special (Trapping) Firearms Licences,\nSeason 1947-48  104\nStatement of Vermin destroyed by Game Wardens, 1948  104\nStatement of Game-bird Liberations, 1948  105\nStatement\u2014Returns of Game-bird Farmers, 1948  106\nStatement\u2014Miscellaneous Receipts ,  106\nList of Resident Guides and Non-resident Outfitters, 1948  107\nPersonnel of Game Department as at December 31st, 1948  116  Report of the Provincial Game Commission, 1948.\nRevenues during the year indicate a slight decrease from the previous year's\nrevenue, which was due possibly to a drop in the fur market, severe flood conditions\nduring the spring and summer, at which period of the year large numbers of nonresident anglers generally visit the Province, and partially to a reduction in the total\nnumber of non-resident big-game hunters. The drop in the fur market resulted in a\ncurtailment of trapping operations, and consequently there was a fairly large reduction\nin the amount of fur royalties collected over the preceding year. It might be mentioned,\nhowever, that this curtailment in trapping activities will no doubt be beneficial as it\nwill afford an opportunity for our fur-bearing animal population to increase.\nThe total revenue for 1948 was $701,312.64. This sum includes $17,537 which\nrepresents fines imposed for violations of the \" Game Act.\" In 1947 the total revenue\nwas $708,710.94, including fines, indicating a decrease of $7,398.30. Non-residents of\nthe Province contributed in the form of revenue $279,348, compared to $292,777 for\n1947, or a decrease of $13,429.\nAs indicated in our Annual Report for 1947, questions were being raised by the\norganized sportsmen of the Province as to whether or not it was good policy to permit\na steady annual increase in non-resident sportsmen, especially when it appears that\nour own resident hunting population has been steadily increasing. After careful consideration we deemed it advisable to put forward an effort to retard slightly or reduce,\nif possible, the number of licences issued to non-residents. We have adopted this policy\nfor the time being in order that we might secure definite proof that our big-game\nresources were not being seriously reduced through increased hunting pressure, and\nalso in view of the fact that at the present time we cannot satisfactorily handle our\nnon-resident hunters and fishermen due to an insufficient number of trained, experienced, and properly equipped guides and their having available suitable accommodation.\nThe non-resident big-game trophy fees were increased during the year. In 1947,\n4,090 non-resident hunters contributed $96,350 in the form of trophy fees on 3,805 big-\ngame animals killed, while in 1948, 3,600 non-resident hunters contributed $106,555 on\n2,750 big-game animals.\nThe total number of hunting and angling licences, which includes resident and\nnon-resident, issued during the year amounted to 135,602, being an increase of 5,019\nover the previous year. The continued steady increase in licences and consequent\nincreased hunting and fishing pressure has been of some considerable concern to your\nCommission as well as to the organized sportsmen of the Province who, it might be\nmentioned, are taking an ever-increasing interest in the game-management affairs of\nthe Province.\nAs hunting pressure increases, the need for instituting a carefully planned scientific\nmanagement programme is becoming more apparent, and consequently the scientific\npersonnel of our Department is gradually increasing. It will not be long before many\nmore scientifically trained men will have to be employed. Under the very capable guidance of Drs. W. A. Clemens and Ian McTaggart Cowan, we were enabled to have a\nnumber of pressing and important scientific investigations made in many parts of the\nProvince. These investigations included looking into migratory wild-fowl conditions\nand the banding of wild fowl in different sections of the Province; a continuation of\nour study on moose; a study of conditions respecting Coast or Columbian deer on Vancouver Island; inquiring into the problem of pheasant propagation in the Fraser River\ndelta; investigating the effects of lead-poisoning on wild fowl in the Lower Mainland\nregions; continuing our study of certain lakes in the Interior of the Province wherein\nwe have been looking into the possibilities of poisoning lakes for the purpose of destroy-\n9 X 10 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\ning undesirable fishes; fertilizing lakes so as to ascertain definitely if this would\nimprove food conditions therein; a study of steelhead trout in the Lower Fraser\nValley regions; looking into big-game and fur-bearing animal conditions in different\nsections of the Province; commencing a careful study on the pheasant situation in the\nOkanagan Valley due to the use of toxic sprays in that region; and looking into power\nand other industrial-development projects for the purpose of ensuring against any\ndepletion in our game and sport fishes.\nIt might be mentioned that with the ever-increasing demand for electric power and\nwater-storage, we have necessarily been placed in the position of being required to\ncarry out extensive and costly investigations, because if we are to maintain our sport\nfishes in the waters where these developments are taking place, we must of necessity\nsee that every precaution is taken to ensure this protection, and this entails the construction of fish-ladders or fishways where necessary, protection of spawning-grounds\nfor trout, and in regard to flooded areas, endeavouring to retain the existing valuable\nfeeding areas for big game, as well as ensuring against any destruction of fur-bearing\nanimal habitats.\nAs predicted in our last Annual Report, the appointment of a trained scientific\nfish culturist became a necessity, and we are pleased to advise that we were successful\nin obtaining the services of Dr. P. A. Larkin. Dr. Larkin's services, since his appointment, have been in great demand, and we must advise that before long it will be necessary to give assistance to this hard-working official in order to enable him to carry out\nsatisfactorily the many investigations that are required in order to maintain our\npresent sport-fish populations.\nThe general game situation in 1948 was, we regret to state, somewhat disappointing, especially in regard to big game. It would seem that the past two winters have\nbeen responsible for the loss of big-game animals in different sections of the Province,\nand there is no doubt that as a result of this loss we will be receiving recommendations\nfor curtailment in seasons and bag-limits and, in some cases, recommendations for total\nclosed seasons on certain species of big game. There is nothing that can be done to\nalleviate these conditions because they are bound to occur from time to time and should\nnot, it is felt, be the cause for any great alarm.\nGame Biologist James Hatter has continued his investigation in regard to moose\nin the Cariboo and Chilcotin Districts, and it might be mentioned that he has about\nreached the stage in his investigation whereby he can devote his activities to other\nparts of the Province. A scientific study of the big-game conditions in the East Kootenay District will commence sometime next spring, and further studies will be made in\nregard to conditions respecting Coast deer in the Campbell River area and other\ndistricts on Vancouver Island.\nDuring the past few years we have conducted a game-checking station at Cache\nCreek on the Cariboo Highway north of Ashcroft. This station has been operating\nduring hunting seasons under the very capable supervision of Game Warden W. H.\nCameron. It has been found that the operation of this station each fall is very necessary. This game check has been heartily endorsed by sportsmen's organizations, cattlemen's associations, and other similar organizations. A great amount of valuable scientific\ndata has been secured as a result of this game check, and it might also be mentioned\nthat this checking station has been responsible for the discovery of numerous game\nlaw violations, because in the year under review some sixty violators were apprehended\nand fines imposed in the amount of $675. It might also be mentioned that approximately $25,000 was collected through the payment of big-game trophy fees. One of\nthe important functions of this station has been that the officers there have been able\nto supply valuable and needed information to hunters and fishermen proceeding into\nthe Interior portions of the Province. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948. X 11\nA comparative statement which is to be found later on in this Report will show\nthe number of species of big game taken by non-resident hunters and the trophy fees\npaid thereon. It is to be regretted that we are not able to supply similar information\nin regard to the game taken by resident hunters. We have endeavoured to secure this\ninformation through a voluntary game-return system, but unfortunately the returns\nreceived have been most disappointing. It is proposed that voluntary returns be asked\nof resident hunters during the year 1949, but if, at the end of that year, we find that\nthis voluntary system is not giving us the necessary scientific information we want,\nwe will have to institute a compulsory system of game returns.\nAgain in 1948 a Provincial Game Convention was held at Harrison Hot Springs,\nwhich was attended by elected delegates from zone organizations of game associations,\nrepresentatives of the farming industry, guides, trappers, and stockmen, as well as\nrepresentatives from various Governmental departments in Canada and the United\nStates. The proceedings of this convention were again printed and made available to\nsportsmen and other organizations in the Province.\nWe have taken every possible opportunity to be present at game conventions and\nmeetings of sportsmen in every section of the Province, and it might be mentioned that\nwe have found that by attending these meetings we can obtain as well as impart a great\namount of information that is valuable to all concerned. We have continued our policy\nof showing our game and fish films to as many people as possible, and these films have\nbeen exhibited to schools in outlying parts of the Province, to many organizations, and\nto the general public as a whole.\nREGISTRATION OF TRAP-LINES.\nThe policy of registering trap-lines, which has been in effect for many years, has\npaid excellent dividends from a game management point of view. This system was\ninaugurated in 1925 so as to safeguard against any possible depletion of our valuable\nfur-bearing animal population. Since this system was inaugurated, many Provinces\nin Canada have adopted similar methods in order to ensure the proper conservation of\ntheir fur resources. One factor which has been giving us some concern is the lack of\ncontrol over Indian trappers. This has been due largely to misunderstanding on the\npart of the Indian trapper, who apparently does not realize that it is our desire to\nassist him in his problems and enable him to receive full benefit from his trapping\noperations. However, we feel, in view of a recent conference with the Department of\nIndian Affairs at Ottawa, that shortly an officer will be appointed to act as liaison\nofficer between the said Department of Indian Affairs and the Game Department.\nDuring the past summer we found it necessary to amend our beaver-tagging regulations, and it might be mentioned that after the president of the British Columbia\nRegistered Trappers' Association had examined these new regulations he advised that\nthey would go a long way in stopping the poaching of beaver on registered trap-lines\nand private properties.\nREGISTRATION OF GUIDES.\nThe allotment of hunting areas for guides has presented a very complex problem.\nIn recent years the ever-increasing demand for the services of guides in order to cope\nwith the increased resident and non-resident pressure has resulted in what might be\nmildly termed a very serious situation, because it has been impossible to supply the\nnumber of experienced guides required to take care of the demand of these hunters. In\nconsolidating areas or territories for guides, we have encountered many problems that\nwe are slowly surmounting. In many districts, due to hunting pressure, it has been\nnecessary to licence guides to fairly confined territories. This problem has been most\napparent in the East Kootenay, Southern Cariboo, and Quesnel regions.    It might be X 12 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nmentioned that the number of licences issued to guides for this year amounted to 1,073,\nas compared to 1,131 in 1947.\nBOUNTIES.\nIn 1948 bounties were paid on 1,156 wolves, 725 cougars, and 3,911 coyotes. At the\nProvincial Game Convention previously referred to, strong recommendations were made\nby delegates representing stockmen and farmers' organizations for increased bounties,\nwith the result that it was necessary to amend the Bounty Regulations to provide a $4\nbounty on each coyote and to increase the bounty on wolves from $25 to $40 in the\nKamloops, Lillooet, and Cariboo Electoral Districts, which are the largest cattle-raising\nareas in the Province.\nWhile the payment of bounties no doubt meets with favour from the general public,\nit does not solve our predator problem. No doubt the payment of bounties will produce\nresults from areas where predators are numerous and easily obtained, but when it\ncomes to getting at the heart of this problem, we have no hesitation, after fully investigating the bounty system throughout the North American Continent, in saying that the\npayment of bounties is not a cure-all toward the desired control of our predatory-\nanimal populations.\nThe situation respecting predatory animals in this Province and elsewhere is\na very contentious one, and undoubtedly can only be handled by scientifically trained\nhunters. We propose, in the not too distant future, to appoint a scientifically trained\nbiologist to study and to supervise every phase of predatory-animal control in the\nProvince.\nUPLAND GAME BIRDS.\nAs in the past year, the Department purchased and liberated 17,134 pheasants\nwhich were obtained from licensed game-bird farmers and liberated on Vancouver\nIsland, the Lower Mainland, and some in the Interior section of British Columbia.\nSmall shipments were made as far north as Pouce Coupe. Some criticism has been\nraised as to the large number of birds liberated on the Lower Mainland, but we feel\nthat these liberations have been quite justified due to the fact that approximately 50\nper cent, of the licensed hunters of the Province reside and hunt in areas of the Lower\nMainland between Vancouver and Chilliwack.\nDue to flood conditions throughout the Province last May and June, which occurred\nat the height of the nesting season, pheasants were hard hit in the flooded areas, and\nas a result shorter open hunting seasons were brought into being, and in some cases\nseasons closed altogether. It is pleasing to note, however, that at the end of the year\nwe found that the pheasant situation was not quite as serious as previously anticipated,\nespecially in certain portions of the Okanagan Valley. With a normal nesting season\nnext spring there is every possibility of recommendations being received for longer\nopen hunting seasons.\nThere has been much concern relative to the decrease and loss in the pheasant\npopulation throughout the orchard areas of the Okanagan Valley, and continuous\nreports seem to indicate that these losses have been caused through the use of toxic\nsprays in these orchard regions. In order to solve this problem, arrangements have\nbeen made for the areas in question to be scientifically investigated, and no doubt in\na later report we will be in a position to advise definitely whether or not these toxic\nsprays are detrimental to pheasants and other bird-life. A scientific study was made\nin the Delta Municipality on the Lower Mainland concerning pheasants. This investigation was carried out under the supervision of Dr. Ian McTaggart Cowan, and the\nresults of his investigation are contained in an article found later on in this Report.\nThe grouse situation throughout the Interior sections of the Province is steadily\nimproving, and from present knowledge, and providing the nesting season is normal REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948. X 13\nnext spring, there is a strong possibility that it will be in order to provide for a short\nopen hunting season in most of the areas of the Interior where a closed season has\nbeen in effect for some years.\nMIGRATORY GAME BIRDS.\nA slight improvement in wild-fowl population and in hunting conditions was noted\nin 1948. The resident winter population of ducks throughout the Lower Mainland\ncompared very favourably with the populations observed in 1947.\nWe have been pressed, especially in the Lower Mainland and Okanagan areas, for\nwhat is termed a \" split \" open hunting season on wild fowl, which means that organized\nsportsmen have been asking for an open season divided into two parts, that is, if the\ntotal length of season is fifty days, then the split season would mean twenty-five days\nopen period, a closed period, and then another twenty-five days open period.\nGAME LAWS ENFORCEMENT.\nYour attention is respectfully drawn to a statement showing the prosecutions\ncarried out during the year. From this statement, which is to be found later on in\nthis Report, it will be noted that a sum of $17,537 was collected in the form of fines, or\nan increase of $5,690.50 over the preceding year. Control of aircraft used for hunting,\nfishing, and trapping purposes is a problem which has been continually before us and\nis giving us great concern. It is felt that in order to cope with the situation, which we\nfeel is serious, it will be very necessary that we own and operate or rent planes for\npatrol purposes.\nAnother problem that will undoubtedly confront us before very long is in reference\nto the operation of jeeps which can be used to reach out-of-the-way areas, and probably\nsome control measures will have to be put into effect to curb the activities of this\nparticular type of vehicle. It might be mentioned that in the United States there\napparently is also some concern in reference to the use of jeeps for hunting purposes.\nGAME-FISH CULTURE.\nAs anticipated, the game-fish cultural branch of the Department is growing very\nrapidly, and there would seem to be every possibility of this rapid growth continuing\nbecause of the ever-increasing number of non-resident and resident anglers. Steps\nmust necessarily be taken to keep up our sport-fish population, and in order to do this\nwe must enlarge upon our artificial propagation work, we must carry out further and\nmore enlarged scientific investigations, and further protective as well as regulatory\nmeasures will have to be put into effect if we hope to maintain our present high\nstandard of sport fishing in the Province.\nTwo modern trout-hatcheries were completed and put into operation during the\nyear, one of these being near Courtenay on Vancouver Island, and known as the Puntledge Park Trout Hatchery, and the other at Summerland on the shore-line of Okanagan\nLake, which plant is known as the Summerland Trout Hatchery. It is felt, owing to\nthe facilities available in these new hatcheries for the propagation of a considerably\ngreater number of trout, that we will be able to take care of the increased pressure on\nour sport fishes, especially on Vancouver Island and in the Okanagan and surrounding\ndistricts. We anticipate the construction of a further hatchery at Smiths Falls on\nthe east shore-line of Cultus Lake near Chilliwack in 1949. We also anticipate the\nnecessity of having to relinquish our present hatchery at Cranbrook, and either move\nit or construct a new hatchery in the district, this being occasioned through the chlorin-\nation of the water-supply for the City of Cranbrook. It might be mentioned that the\npresent hatchery at Cranbrook was constructed by the sportsmen of the district many\nyears ago and was only recently turned over to us for management.    There would seem X 14 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nto be little doubt that this hatchery building will have to be abandoned and a new\nbuilding constructed at a more suitable site where unchlorinated water may be used.\nIt is anticipated that an amendment to the \" Game Act \" will be made at the forthcoming session of the Legislature requiring all residents of the Province over the age\nof 18 years desiring to fish in non-tidal waters to have a licence for this purpose, and\nconsequently we anticipate the need of providing further hatchery facilities in the\nCariboo section of British Columbia, and no doubt later on a hatchery will be required\nin the northern areas of the Province.\nACKNOWLEDGMENTS.\nWe wish to take this opportunity of expressing our most sincere appreciation for\nthe very valuable assistance and co-operation rendered throughout the year by the\nvarious Governmental departments with whom we have come in contact in connection\nwith our game-management work; Drs. W. A. Clemens and Ian McTaggart Cowan, of\nthe Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, who are our scientific\nadvisers, have been untiring in their efforts to assist us in our many problems; Commissioner John Shirras and officers and men of the British Columbia Provincial Police\nForce have, as in past years, rendered invaluable assistance; the co-operation of the\nForest Service, the Department of Trade and Industry, the Department of Public\nWorks, the Federal Department of Fisheries, J. A. Munro, Dominion Wild-life Officer\nfor British Columbia; the large number of game associations, their officers and members; farmers' institutes and farmers, as well as other organizations and individuals,\nhave been most co-operative, and we are indeed very grateful for the assistance\nrendered by everyone during the year in furthering our aim to retain British Columbia\nas a \" Sportsman's Paradise.\"\n\"A\" DIVISION (VANCOUVER ISLAND, THE GULF ISLANDS, AND THE MAINLAND COAST FROM TOBA INLET NORTH TO CAPE CAUTION, INCLUDING THE ISLANDS ADJACENT TO THE EAST COAST OF VANCOUVER\nISLAND NORTH OF CAMPBELL RIVER).\nBy G. C. Stevenson, Officer Commanding.\nI have the honour to submit herewith annual report of game conditions in \"A\"\nDivision during the year 1948.\nBig Game.\nBear (Black).\u2014Very numerous and becoming a problem in several farming communities.\nBear (Grizzly).\u2014To be found in fair numbers at the head of Knight, Loughborough, and Bute Inlets. Accessibility to these areas is somewhat difficult for the\naverage hunter.\nDeer (Coast or Columbian).\u2014Deer are still numerous on Vancouver Island, with\nthe exception of those areas that are intensively hunted every year. One such area is\nCampbell River district, where hunting has been carried on both by Island and Mainland hunters for many years. In the district referred to, logging roads radiate in all\ndirections and penetrate into remote areas. In consequence hunters in cars can enter\ndeep into country that was a refuge to deer prior to the advent of logging roads.\nAnother area that is intensively hunted is the Cowichan Lake country, which also\ncontains miles of logging roads over which hunters can travel in their cars.\nBoth these vast logged-off areas contain abundance of browse for deer, and in consequence they breed rapidly. Notwithstanding the latter advantages, the accessibility\nof the terrain and the ever-increasing number of hunters have commenced to have their REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948. X 15\neffect, and the number of these animals in the areas mentioned has shown a sharp\ndecline.\nA smaller bag-limit and a shorter open season is suggested. Scientific research is\nbeing carried out in the Campbell River area with a view to appraising the situation\nfrom the standpoint of food conditions, disease, and predators.\nWapiti (Elk).\u2014It is difficult to obtain anything like an accurate figure as to the\nnumber of these animals. The largest herds are on the West Coast, one herd being at\nthe head of Tahsish Arm and another is reported at the head of Kokshittle Arm. There\nare several small herds in the Courtenay district along the Little Oyster River. These\nlatter herds have been cause for complaint by farmers.\nFUR-BEARING ANIMALS.\nBeaver.\u2014Are quite numerous and distinctly on the increase, necessitating the\nGame Commission to issue permits to farmers to trap these animals in order to prevent\ndestruction of their lands through flooding.\nMarten.\u2014In very fair numbers and of good quality.\nMink.\u2014Fair numbers.\nMuskrat.\u2014Scarce (not indigenous to the Island).\nRacoon.\u2014Very numerous and proving a menace to poultry-farmers. Poor market\nfor these pelts discourages trappers from bothering with them.\nUpland Game Birds.\nBlue Grouse.\u2014The year 1948 has proven an exceptionally good one for these birds,\nbeing probably the crest of a ten-year cycle. Few hunters had cause to complain this\nseason, and many bag-limits were obtained. The possession limit has been very beneficial, but the transportation of bag-limits by other than the actual hunter will have to\nbe more closely checked, as it is difficult for a Game Warden to ascertain who did the\nactual shooting. Some bag-limits in transit carry the name and licence number of a\nhunter who probably was not in the field, but arranged to have his bag shot for him.\nRuffed (Willow) Grouse.\u2014Not plentiful but are showing signs of increasing in\ncertain districts, especially Nanaimo.\nQuail.\u2014Doing very well in the southern part of the Island. These birds have survived exceptionally well during the past winter.\nPheasants.\u2014Are not numerous in any part of the Island, but they are showing a\ngradual increase, and in many areas adjacent to residential districts and where shooting\nis prohibited they have become a nuisance.\nThe Alberni district shows a healthy increase in these birds, also the Comox and\nSaanich areas.\nA handicap is encountered in many districts when restocking is attempted, as many\nfarmers object to pheasants being liberated on their lands.\nPartridge (European).\u2014A few are occasionally encountered in the Nanaimo district, but they do not appear to thrive and I doubt if they will multiply to any great\nextent.\nMigratory Game Birds.\nDucks\u2014Have been in fair numbers this year and reports would indicate that geese\nhave been encountered in considerable numbers on the West Coast in many of the inlets.\nBrant.\u2014Were making their appearance late in December, especially in the waters\naround Sidney Spit and Qualicum Beach.\nPredatory Animals and Noxious Birds.\nThere were 203 cougars and 7 wolves destroyed in this Division during the past\nyear.    Sixty-six of these cougars were accounted for by Departmental predatory X  16 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nhunters. The Provincial predatory hunting school and kennels have proven of great\nvalue to farmers and stockmen, as it is now possible to dispatch a competent hunter\nwith trained hounds to attend complaints of predation. Very often a hunter has to\nspend days and weeks before being able to encounter and destroy a certain predator\nwhich may have been causing damage. Where an amateur hunter would abandon a\nchase as not being profitable, a Departmental hunter will remain until the predator or\npredators have been eliminated. Apart from the efficiency in having a trained personnel\nfor hunting, the Department is able to breed, train, and distribute, to detachments that\nrequire them, hounds developed especially for hunting cougar and carrying the best\nhereditary strain.\nIn all operations connected with the destruction of cougars and wolves a certain\nhazard is encountered, and we have lost two hounds by attack from cougar and two\nwere injured but recovered later. Many cats, hawks, horned owls, crows, ravens, and\neagles were destroyed by the Game Wardens of this Division during the course of their\npatrols.\nGame Protection.\nThere were 185 convictions and 3 dismissals under the \" Game Act\" and Fishery\nRegulations during the past year.\nGame Propagation.\nIn this Division 1,113 pheasants were liberated, distribution being made at Comox,\nCourtenay, Cumberland, Cobble Hill, Metchosin, Shawnigan, and Saanich.\nGame Reserves.\nThere are several small game reserves on the Island and numerous bird sanctuaries.\nIn the Alberni District a new game reserve has been created in the China Creek\narea, which will prove most beneficial for deer and blue grouse. A small game reserve\nexists at Cowichan Lake, but encroaching settlements have all but surrounded it.\nCertain temporarily closed areas are proving a great help to deer; one area in the\nShawnigan district that has been closed for two years is being closely watched.\nFur Trade.\nVery little actual raw-fur trading is carried out in this Division, most catches\nbeing disposed of on the Mainland.\nRegistration of Trap-lines.\nThis method of protecting the fur-bearer of the Province is one of the outstanding\nexamples of conservation, and is not fully appreciated by the general public. Somewhat\nbelated attempts are being made in other Provinces and in the United States to emulate\nour methods, which are recognized as a standard.\nThe requests for trap-lines far exceeds the supply, and registered holders of trap-\nlines jealously guard their privileges. I venture to say, as one who was a trapper years\nago, that there are more marten, mink, lynx, and beaver in the Province to-day than\nthere were forty years ago.\nRegistration of Guides.\nThe question of guide registration is one that is being gradually worked out. It\nis not an easy problem and requires considerable tact on the part of Game Wardens\nwhere actual qualification or competence of guides is concerned.\nThe allocation of spheres of operation is also a problem requiring diplomacy. Once\nthe system is worked out, it will benefit all parties and will eliminate numerous\ncomplaints. report of provincial game commission, 1948. x 17\nSpecial Patrols.\nTwo special patrols were made into the Tahsis area during the hunting season with\nthe object of checking up.\nHunting Accidents.\nRaymond Paul Butler, Pacific Coast Copper, Alberni, B.C., on April 9th, 1948,\naccidentally shot and killed himself with a .22 rifle while out hunting.\nWilliam Grant, Englewood, B.C., accidentally killed while hunting October 10th,\n1948.   Loaded rifle discharged while riding on speeder.\nGordon Gretsinger, Beaver Cove, B.C., May 7th, 1948, accidentally shot himself\nwith .22 rifle when he tripped while hunting.   Loss of eye.\nJohn Hilder, Comox, Vancouver Island, B.C., August 8th, 1948, shot accidentally\nwith .22 rifle by Owen Ellis, of Comox, B.C., when mistaken for racoon around poultry-\nhouse at night.   Flesh wound.\nHarry Waters, 729 Connaught Street, Victoria, B.C., accidentally shot by Edward\nCampbell, Royal Oak, Vancouver Island, B.C., while hunting birds at Campbell River,\nSeptember 11th, 1948.    Shot-gun pellets, face and chest.\nRobert Lewis, Quinsan, B.C., September 11th, 1948, accidentally shot by David\nCook, 185 Stewart Avenue, Victoria, B.C., while bird-shooting near Forbes Landing.\nLoss of eye.\nJames Goudie, Sooke, Vancouver Island, B.C., October 23rd, 1948, accidentally shot\nby son, Donald Goudie, when mistaken for a deer.   Severe shoulder wounds.\nDonald Campbell, Union Bay, B.C., November 15th, 1948, accidentally shot himself\nwhile removing loaded gun from skiff.   Arm injury.\nShirley Livingstone, Campbell River, B.C., November 12th, 1948, shot accidentally\nby Edward Milman, Campbell River, while unloading guns before getting into car.\nPellets in both legs.\nClyde Murray, 2847 Dysart Road, Victoria, B.C., November 29th, 1948, shot accidentally by Clive Elmer Watson, 3360 Quadra Street, Victoria, B.C., while unloading\nguns at Whitty's Lagoon.    Leg and hand wound.\nGame-fish Culture.\nDuring the year restocking of lakes and streams with trout fingerlings was made\nfrom two small hatcheries, one at Veitch Creek and the other situated at Qualicum. A\ntotal of 216,950 Kamloops trout were liberated, 116,000 being from Veitch Creek and\n100,950 from Qualicum.\nDistribution was as follows: 31,500 in the Courtenay, Campbell River, and Comox\ndistricts; 30,450 in the Alberni district; 39,000 in the Nanaimo district; and in the\nVictoria, Duncan, and Saltspring Island districts, 116,000 were distributed.\nAfter the foregoing distributions were made the hatcheries were dismantled and\nthe new hatchery at Puntledge Park, Courtenay, was brought into operation. This\nhatchery is fully modern and has a capacity of between 750,000 and 800,000 trout,\nwhich will take care of all restocking requirements for this Division for some time to\ncome. Fishing throughout the Division is generally good, with certain areas being\nmore popular than others. Though many anglers seem to prefer the up-Island lakes\nand streams, there are many excellent fishing-spots within easy access of Victoria.\nSummary.\nA certain amount of unnecessary alarm was expressed by some hunters because\ndeer were not as easy to obtain as formerly, and many inaccurate statements were\nuttered as to the depletion of these animals.\nThere is no doubt that with the tremendous increase of the hunting population,\ncoupled with the ever-increasing accessibility of the country due to logging operations, X 18 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\ndeer are becoming scarcer, but not to the extent portrayed by some alarmists. A shorter\nopen season and reduced bag-limit will of necessity make up for the increase in hunters.\nAll game wardens, predatory hunters, and fishery officers carried out their duties\nin an excellent manner, and to them I express my thanks. This Division received the\nwhole-hearted co-operation of all members of the Provincial Police, who have given us\nevery assistance, and I would like to express my sincere appreciation and thanks for\ntheir help.\n\"B\" DIVISION  (KOOTENAY AND BOUNDARY DISTRICTS).\nBy C. F. Kearns, Officer Commanding.\nI beg to submit herewith my annual report covering game conditions in \" B \"\nDivision for the year ended December 31st, 1948. Annual report covering fish conditions in this Division, submitted by Fishery Supervisor Robinson, is appended hereto.\nBig Game.\nWapiti (Elk).\u2014The stand of these animals continues to be satisfactory in the\nRocky Mountain section of the Kootenay-Columbia Valley. Small bands are established\nsouth and west of Cranbrook, the result of a slow but gradual extension of their range.\nThe successful plantings in the Okanagan-Princeton areas also indicate a gradual\nspread farther afield, as elk have been observed both in the Kettle River valley and\nalso on the east side of Okanagan Lake.\nMoose.\u2014Moose are still in fair numbers in the Kootenay-Columbia Valley but are\nshowing the effects of consistent hunting for several years. It is very doubtful if\nthey can stand the present hunting pressure without an appreciable decline in numbers,\nand an adjusted season is very necessary. Reports continue of moose being seen to\nthe west of the Selkirk Range, and a small herd\u2014a bull, two cows, and a calf\u2014was\nobserved on the Creston Flats, south of Kootenay Lake, during the summer.\nMountain-sheep.\u2014Mountain-sheep are making a good comeback since the epidemic\nof a few years ago but have not yet attained their previous strength. A close season\nin the Rockies south of the Banff National Park is still advisable.\nThe small bands on the Ashnola River and the vicinity of Okanagan Falls are more\nor less in a static condition due to the limited range, but the taking of a few mature\nrams would do no harm.\nGoat.\u2014Goats are fairly well distributed throughout the Division but more plentiful\nin the Kootenays. Goats appear to be becoming more popular as a sporting animal\nthan previously, and the present bag-limit of two should possibly be halved.\nCaribou.\u2014Caribou are confined to the mountains contiguous to Kootenay and\nArrow Lakes, both south and northward. They are not found in the Rocky Mountains\nor in the Boundary-Similkameen. Why these animals do not increase is a bit of a\nmystery, although predators (cougars) may be one reason. They are by no means\nplentiful, but various small bands have been observed while crossing the valleys. The\nbag is very light, a few bulls being taken, mostly in the vicinity of Crawford Bay on\nKootenay Lake and in the Nakusp and Revelstoke districts.\nMule-deer.\u2014Plentiful throughout the Division.\nWhite-tailed Deer.\u2014Plentiful except in the Boundary-Similkameen.\nGrizzly Bear.\u2014Thinly distributed throughout the Division but more numerous in\nthe Kootenays. Another species that should have more protection in the Game\nRegulations.\nBlack Bear.\u2014Found throughout the Division. These bears occasion some damage\nto the orchards in the West Kootenay. report of provincial game commission, 1948. x 19\nFur-bearing Animals.\nA decline in fur prices has resulted in a lack of inquiries for trap-lines, although\nall available territory is taken up by trap-lines in this Division. The low prices of\nfurs has resulted in many trappers curtailing their operations, which should augur\nwell for the increase of fur-bearers.\nUpland Game Birds.\nRuffed (Willow) Grouse.\u2014Ruffed grouse are still not as plentiful as at the peak a\nfew years ago, and the restricted open seasons were undoubtedly beneficial. Climatic\nconditions\u2014a cold, wet spring and a wet summer\u2014were not conducive to rearing good\ncoveys. Even so, their numbers appear to be on the upgrade again, judging from\nreports during the late fall.\nFranklin Grouse.\u2014This particular bird (fool-hen) appears to have suffered a\ncyclical decline similar to that of the ruffed grouse. It varies from fair numbers to\nactual scarcity in different sections of the Division.\nBlue Grouse.\u2014Generally reported scarce but seems to be quite plentiful in West\nKootenay. They are reported as being scarce in the Boundary-Similkameen and the\nEast Kootenay. As they are not subject to the same hunting pressure as the ruffed\ngrouse, the suspicion of a cyclical decline is a reasonable one, although there is no\nconcrete evidence to support the theory.\nMigratory Game Birds.\nThe prevailing flood conditions throughout the Division undoubtedly destroyed\nmany nests of migratory water-fowl, and the season could be considered a poor one on\naccount of the subsequent rain during the summer.    The hatch was less than normal.\nPredatory Animals and Noxious Birds.\nThe following predatory animals and noxious birds were destroyed by game personnel of \"B\" Division during 1948: Cougars, 134; coyotes, 109; owls, 21; eagles,\n43; crows, 421; destructive hawks, 86; gophers, 150; bobcats, 3; ravens, 14; bears,\n9;  magpies, 37;  pack-rats, 18;  house cats, 71;  dogs, 18.\nThe destruction of 134 cougars and 109 coyotes by game personnel during the\nperiod January 1st to December 31st, 1948, indicates a lot of activity where the cougars\nare concerned. Each cougar destroyed means that the animal was followed on foot\nthrough snow and finally treed by means of trained dogs. It should be further remembered that none of this was on level ground as the cougar is partial to wooded, rocky,\nstraight-up-on-end type of terrain. Cougar-hunting is laborious and gruelling work,\nusually necessitating the use of snow-shoes, and each cougar destroyed in this manner\nrepresents sheer hard work. The number quoted above only includes those destroyed\nduring the calendar year. Actually, during the winter of 1947-48, the total bagged in\nthis Division by our own personnel was 120.\nTwo predatory-animal hunters were employed during the winter on a part salary\nand bounty system, and one permanent predatory-animal hunter, G. Haskell. In addition, several of the Game Wardens hunted with the predatory-animal hunters, Corporal\nSinclair being in on twenty-one kills; Game Wardens Gill, Monks, Rauch, and Osman\nwere notably active. Other Game Wardens have acquired their own dogs and expect\nto further their experience in the future.\nIt could be possible, by the use of enough energetic hunters and trained dogs,\npractically to eliminate cougars from specific sections of the Province, and under the\npresent rate of progress we do feel that we are substantially reducing their numbers.\nHowever, the territory is vast, and if we can keep them to a low peak of population,\nwe are doing very well. X 20 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nPlans during the present winter include an extended attack on coyotes whose\ndepredations on deer are quite as serious as those of the cougars. This will include\nsome cautious experiments in the use of poison conducted by Predatory-animal Hunter\nHaskell. Poison has long been a stock instrument against predators in the States, but\nwe view its use in British Columbia with some qualms and the profound conviction\nthat its use must be rigidly controlled. Our programme calls for any poisoning to be\ndone in specific localities by competent men and under conditions that will allow the\nrecovery of any baits not eaten. Due to the presence of fur-bearing and domestic\nanimals on much of the winter range in this Division, poison is an agent that requires\nmost discreet handling.\nWolves have made their appearance in the eastern part of the Division, and we\ncan expect them to be present as long as the National parks adhere to their present\nand established policy of suffering predators to exist on the game in the parks. It is\nan inconsistency that we should hunt the predators in the East Kootenay that prey on\nour deer, elk, sheep, and goats, and know that no matter how many we destroy there\nwill always be a reservoir of predators in the adjacent National parks. This is not\nintended to be a criticism of parks policy, but it does mean that their way is not\nour way.\nGame Protection.\nThere were 140 prosecutions in the Division during 1948 under the \" Game Act \"\nor Special Fisheries Regulations, which resulted in 133 convictions and 7 dismissals.\nGame Propagation.\nNine hundred and twenty-six pheasants were released during the year in the\nSouthern Okanagan-Similkameen, Grand Forks, Nakusp, and Creston areas. In addition, a number were privately released by individuals, while experimental plantings\nhave been made by local rod and gun clubs who rear the birds and release them,\nparticularly at Salmo, Castlegar, New Denver, and Gray Creek. Due to the restricted\nrange, the chances of birds being established in the last-named localities appear somewhat remote.\nDue to the wishes of the Interior rod and gun clubs, who felt there was an unusual\nshortage of pheasants, the season was not opened in this part of the Interior. Grand\nForks could probably have had an open season without undue harm, but it was felt\nthat to make a closure successful it should apply to the entire Division.\nDue to modern agricultural methods, considerable pessimism is expressed for the\nfuture of pheasants as a game bird in those sections where they have hitherto flourished.   It is to be hoped that the outlook is not as bleak as it has been reported.\nGame Reserves.\nThe Elk River Reserve, comprising the upper watershed of the Elk and Bull\nRivers, also White River, is the most important one, as it is situated in the heart of\nthe big-game country.\nGame-bird sanctuaries at Nelson and Vasseaux Lake, south of Penticton, are also\nbeneficial, and their establishment continues to meet with general approval.\nDeer sanctuaries exist at Elko, Canal Flats, and the Kettle River. These are\nlocated on winter yarding-grounds and serve as a haven should unusual conditions occur\nduring the open season when deer might be too easily taken.\nFur Trade.\nMost of the fur of this Division is handled by local resident fur-traders or sent\nto traders in Vancouver. Very little fur is exported locally from the Province by\ntrappers. report of provincial game commission, 1948. x 21\nRegistration of Trap-lines.\nThis is a good system and there would seem to be no criticism of its operations\nas the trappers who hold the lines are satisfied.\nRegistration of Guides.\nThe amended regulations during the year did much to clarify the somewhat\nconfused situation, and it would appear that we now have a fairly adequate control\nin this regard.\nSpecial Patrols.\nPatrols are made during the year by horseback, foot, and rowboats in a routine\nmanner. None could be classed as a special patrol, although Game Warden Tyler on\none trip spent upwards to three weeks along the Alberta Border in the Rocky Mountains\ncovering a great deal of this area on horseback and contacting various hunting parties\nin the field.\nHunting Accidents.\nLawrence Longacre, of Pittsburg, Calif., was mauled by a wounded grizzly bear\nwhile hunting in the Fernie area. The animal was shot by his companion before any\nserious injury was inflicted.\nSummary and General Remarks.\nFor many years in this part of British Columbia we have been favoured with\nbeneficial climatic conditions in the winter-time, but it has been pointed out that a\nseries of tough winters could make things very bad for our game stand. It would\nseem that we are now in a cycle of hard winters because the last two, 1946-47 and\n1947-48, were more arduous than the average, and the present winter at this date,\nJanuary 31st, 1949, is exceptional, particularly as to prolonged cold and heavy snowfall.\nThe spring of 1948, due to high water, was about as disastrous as possible for\nnesting water-fowl, and the continual rain and wet weather during the summer was\nnot conducive to the rearing of upland game birds.\nThe pheasant crop was a failure and as a result, there was no open season on\npheasant in this part of the Province.\nA larger number of local hunters than ever was in the field, and the non-resident\nhunters, while not at the peak of the previous year, were still about all the hunting\nareas could accommodate. To offset the pressure of the hunters, we did have a fairly\ngood fall, which resulted in all game ranging higher, and the snows did not drive\nthem down until after the end of the deer season, which, fortunately, we had shortened\nto the end of November.\nThere is no doubt that the peak of our big-game population is past; ample bag-\nlimits and much hunting during the past three seasons is part of the reason, but two\nbad winters and numerous predators and some disease have their part, yet we do\nstill have a great deal of big game, and in many cases, quite as much as our existing\nwinter ranges can safely carry. Some day, with augmented staffs and the use of\naeroplanes, we may be able to get some definite totals of game numbers. Certainly\nour information herein is somewhat vague as yet.\nWe must continue to curtail our game bags. The recommendations of the sports-\nmens' clubs that hunters should be given the choice of either a moose or an elk is a\ngood one. The goat bag-limit should be cut from two to one animal, and we also can\ncontemplate the possibility of the deer bag being more limited. The grizzly bear in\nthis section of the Interior is on the way out, even if we eliminate spring hunting.\nIt is the number one non-resident trophy. X 22 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nThis report is not intended to be pessimistic. Previous annual reports from this\nDivision have been most optimistic, although they were qualified by the suggestion\nthat adverse climatic conditions could make a difference in the game stand of \" B \"\nDivision. It is a simple arithmetical fact that we must ration our wild life very\nshortly, and the time to start is before our capital stock has been too much reduced.\nThe increase of population since the close of the war and the number of people\nwho enter as tourists or hunters from the adjoining States and Provinces have brought\nabout a situation that did not exist five years ago. Our bag and season limits at that\ntime were satisfactory. They are not at the present time. This Division is too\naccessible. Even our so-called remote areas\u2014game areas, that is\u2014are only a day\ndistant from the main highways on foot or by horse.\nWe have to revise our seasons, our bag-limits\u2014possibly both. We may compromise by leaving our seasons open, but by cutting down the variety and numbers of game\nanimals and birds. One thing in favour of the longer seasons is the country itself.\nGame ranges high on the mountains during the summer and early fall\u2014deer, goats,\ncaribou, sheep, and elk. An early open season does them no harm and permits the\nenergetic hunter plenty of scope. A late season on these animals, when snows have\neither forced them to lower elevations or caused them to bunch up, is not good. They\nare too easily bagged.\nMoose are the one exception. They range in the lowland swamps early in the fall.\nWith the first frosts they forsake the sloughs and seek higher ground. A later season\nis beneficial to these animals.\nThe game-fish phase of our wild life requires very thoughtful consideration,\nas the resident population is increasing astonishingly. Our bag-limits are generous,\nour seasons are long. Power developments are the order of the day. Industrial\npollutions are beginning to be a matter of concern. The main highways parallel our\nlarger lakes where tourist camps flourish and multiply overnight. Sport fishing\nis a potent lure for the non-resident vacationist. The demands are great. New\nhatcheries, the enlargement of facilities in the present ones, are definitely indicated.\nThe usual cordial co-operation was received during the year from the organized\nsportsmen and various Provincial Government departments, chiefly the Provincial\nPolice, the Public Works Department, and the Forest Service.\nReport of C. H. Robinson, Fishery Supervisor, covering Game-fish\nConditions in \" B \" Game Division.\nHerewith I beg to submit report covering a review and trend of the sport fisheries\nof \" B \" Game Division for the year ended 1948.\nAbnormal water conditions throughout the Interior, far exceeding the season of\n1947, seriously curtailed ova collections at two major stations which the hatcheries of\nthe Division more or less depend upon. The collections at Gerrard and Fish Lakes\nwere less than anticipated.\nThe late, cold spring, coupled with floods and prolonged high water, restricted\ntravel and angling, particularly in waters at higher altitudes. The breach in the\nreclamation dykes on Kootenay Flats, June 8th, caused considerable land erosion and\nmuddy water which practically suspended fishing throughout the south end of Kootenay Lake and River to Columbia River for about five weeks.\nHydro-electric developments on Whatshan Lakes, Nakusp Creek, and Trout Lake,\nLardeau, aroused considerable interest amongst the organized sportsmen and individuals in view of slash, brush, and timber removal to high-water mark and possible\nadverse effect on the spawning-grounds of Kamloops trout.\nTrout distributions are covered elsewhere in the report of the Game Commission. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948. X 23\nSimilkameen and South Okanagan Waters.\nDue to flood conditions at Penask Lake collecting-station, the original programme\nof restocking waters situated in the Pike Mountain, Aspen Grove, and Brookmere\nregions was cancelled.\nScientific experiments and the elimination of coarse fish in Dry and Round Lakes,\nPrinceton district, were continued under the supervision of the Department of Zoology,\nUniversity of British Columbia, and carefully gauged small allotments of Kamloops\ntrout No. 1 fingerlings from Summerland Hatchery were liberated in the two lakes,\nSeptember 1st and December 4th, with similar allotments in Blue, Laird, and Allison\nLakes for comparative results.\nCrater Lake.\u2014A small, landlocked body of water adjacent to Alleyne Lake, yielded\nexcellent catches of Kamloops trout varying to 9 lb. and mostly taken on lures. The\ntrout were first introduced in July, 1946.\nMurphy (Bear) and Chain Lakes.\u2014These lakes provided good fly-fishing and trolling throughout the season; also other lakes conveniently located supplied fair flyfishing and trolling for rainbow trout\u2014Alleyne, Boss, Trout, Davis, Hornet, Thalia,\nLudwig, Missezuela, and Osprey Lakes, and the Similkameen River.\nClearwater Lake, Hedley.\u2014As the weather conditions improved, the lake supplied\nsome good fly-fishing and trolling for rainbow trout varying to 4 lb. Additional improvements toward increasing natural spawning facilities and nursery waters were\neffected by the organized sportsmen of the Nickel Plate mine.\nCathedral Lakes.\u2014These lakes, situated in the Ashnola region, were not fished to\nany extent, hence poor-conditioned trout in some of the lakes.\nTwin, Home, and Madden Lakes (Oliver region).\u2014Fair fly-fishing and trolling for\nEastern brook trout varying to 4 lb. was provided by these lakes. The proposed liberation of fingerlings raised in the Summerland Hatchery should bring fruitful results.\nBear, Taylor, and Richter Lakes.\u2014These lakes continued to yield fair catches of\nKamloops trout varying to 10 lb., mostly taken on trolls.\nOsoyoos Lake.\u2014Fair catches of Kamloops (rainbow) trout were produced during\nthe early spring and fall. The reciprocal arrangement between the Washington State\nGame Department and the Game Commission and the local organized sportsmen for\nrestocking the lake with fingerlings should prove beneficial to all concerned.\nVasseaux Lake. \u2014 The prolonged period of silty water curtailed large-mouthed\nblack-bass fishing. The suggested liberation of trout in the lake by the local sportsmen\nis a matter for careful study.\nSkaha (Dog) Lake.\u2014As referred to in the 1947 report, the Department of Zoology\ncarried out a preliminary survey of the lake in July and August in an endeavour to\ndetermine the cause of trout depletion as complained of by the local sportsmen.\nOkanagan Lake (South End).\u2014Encouraging reports were received of improved\nKamloops-trout fishing during the spring and fall. With the joint operations of the\nSummerland Hatchery and Kelowna Rearing-ponds, the liberations of fingerlings from\nthe two sets of ponds should increase the trout populations.\nDark (Fish) Lake (West Summerland). \u2014 This lake produced good catches of\nEastern brook trout, which are preferred to the native trout, being more prolific and\nsuitable, in view of the spring-spawning trout leaving the lake and becoming stranded\nin the irrigation ditches, etc.\nMunro, Eaneas, Island, Deer, Garnet, Glen, and Peachland Lakes, etc.\u2014These\ncontinued to supply fair catches of Kamloops trout by fly and troll.\nNaramata and Chute Lake Region.\u2014The several small alpine lakes continued to\nyield fair catches of Kamloops trout, resulting from yearly restocking, which also\napplies to Allendale and MacLean Lakes, Okanagan Falls region. X 24 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nBoundary District Waters.\nInclement weather and prolonged heavy freshets tended to conserve trout life. As\nusual the lakes and streams adjacent to highways were fished extensively by the resident and non-resident anglers. To relieve the heavy drain on the trout populations,\nthe organized sportsmen of the district are doing some preliminary work in reaching a\nseries of lakes in the Beaver Creek region.\nThe several not-so-accessible lakes\u2014Conkle (Fish), Bull, Copper, Collier, and Williamson\u2014continued to yield average catches of rainbow trout.\nKettle River and West Fork.\u2014Due to the amount of angling, the streams did not\nproduce the desired catches of trout in spite of the short angling season and the protection afforded. The planting of eyed eggs and fry does not seem sufficient to meet\nthe situation of depletion, and the only alternative is to plant fingerlings and fish the\nwaters alternate years.\nJewell Lake.\u2014This popular lake supplied fair catches of rainbow trout by fly and\ntroll varying to 8 lb. The larger trout are now consuming the minnow or shiner which\nappeared a few years ago and caused some concern.\nWilgress (Loon) Lake. \u2014 Since the presence of the large population of shiners\nillegally introduced the trout fishing has deteriorated, and in future the planting of\nfingerlings in place of fry seems essential to maintain a reasonable supply of trout in\nthis one-time very productive lake.\nLake Christina. \u2014 Yielded fair catches of Kamloops trout, although perhaps not\nquite so large as during the season 1947. It is hoped that with the facilities of additional rearing-ponds at the Nelson Hatchery a percentage of fingerlings raised can be\nliberated in this very important lake.\nSmall-mouthed Black Bass.\u2014These fish are not so plentiful since the protection was\nlifted, although fair fishing is still available toward the north end of Lake Christina.\nWest Kootenay Waters.\nBig Sheep, Little Sheep, and Beaver Creeks, and Boundary Lake.\u2014These continued\nto supply good catches of Eastern brook trout from natural spawning and restocking\nyearly. It is expected that Rosebud Lake will soon produce good catches of speckled\ntrout introduced in 1946 due to the presence of shiners illegally introduced.\nLower and Upper Arrow Lakes.\u2014Extreme high water and suspended glacial silt\nover a lengthy period restricted fishing. As conditions improved, fair catches of Kamloops trout were taken by fly and troll varying to 15 lb. The lower lake is fished largely\nby the anglers from Trail. The requested planting of fingerlings seems to be the only\nalternative to maintain a reasonable population of trout.\nColumbia River.\u2014The portion between Castlegar and Waneta provided fair flyfishing for the anglers of Trail. So far there is no noticeable improvement in the\ncatches of trout from the expected migration from Roosevelt (Coulee) Lake.\nWhatshan Lakes.\u2014These lakes supplied some excellent fly-fishing for rainbow\ntrout, mostly under 2 lb., with fair trolling as the weather improved, but not so many\nfish were taken in comparison with the season 1947 when the approximate creel catches\namounted to 16,000 trout.\nRevelstoke Waters.\nGriffin and Three Valley Lakes.\u2014Reports indicated a slight improvement in the\ncatches of rainbow trout, mostly by troll and under 3 lb. An increase in the salmon\nruns may have contributed to the improvement.\nVictor and Summit Lakes.\u2014Supplied some fair fly-fishing for cut-throat trout\nintroduced in 1942 and yearly since. The number taken so far is a disappointment in\nproportion to the allotments of eyed eggs and fry planted.\nBeaver, Begbie, and Echo Lakes.\u2014Provided good fly-fishing for Kamloops trout\nvarying to 3 lb. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948. X 25\nTrout Lake (Lardeau).\u2014Inclement weather and high water curtailed angling during the spring, but toward the early part of the summer and fall, the lake yielded\nexcellent catches of Kamloops and Dolly Varden trout varying to 24 lb. The lake is\nwell patronized by American anglers, who very often use planes to reach the lake.\nWilson Lakes.\u2014Supplied fairly good fly-fishing and trolling for Kamloops trout,\nmostly under 5 lb. Box Lake produced improved catches of trout varying to 5 lb.\nAlso, Summit Lake showed an improvement.\nSlocan Lake.\u2014Weather conditions restricted fishing, but as the water receded,\nsome excellent fly-fishing was reported at the mouths of tributary streams, including\nfairly good trolling for Kamloops trout varying to 10 lb. After extreme high water,\nSlocan and Little Slocan Rivers supplied some good fly-fishing, with a slight improvement compared to season 1947.\nEvans, Cahill, and Beatrice Lakes.\u2014Subject to weather conditions the lakes supplied fair fly-fishing and trolling for rainbow trout varying to 8 lb. The conditions of\nfish reported improved.\nKootenay River and Slocan Pool.\u2014Before and after the collapse of the Kootenay\nFlats dykes, the pool supplied some excellent fly-fishing for rainbow trout varying to\n3 lb. and in prime condition. Also, there was a slight improvement in the catches of\ntrout by fly in the river below Nelson.\nWest Arm, Kootenay Lake.\u2014This body of water, extending from Corra Linn Dam\nto Procter, showed some improvement in the catches of Kamloops trout, including an\noccasional large char by troll and fly fishing. Data pertaining to marked fish and the\ncreel census has so far been a disappointment, as a large percentage of anglers appear\nto be reluctant to supply the desired information.\nKootenay Lake.\u2014The late, cold spring and subsequent erosion from the breach in\nthe reclamation dykes on Kootenay Flats affected fishing generally and the catches of\nKamloops trout. However, as weather and water conditions improved, the catches of\ntrout were well up to the average, especially during the month of October. Frequent\nreports were received of limit catches of smaller trout over 8 inches in length being\ntaken by fly and troll in less than two hours of fishing. This would indicate that\nnatural reproduction and the liberation of fingerlings has contributed to the\nimprovement.\nThe Nelson Gyro Club conducted their Ninth Annual Kootenay Lake Rainbow\nTrout Derby from May 1st to November 16th for resident and non-resident anglers.\nA total of 352 trout of 5 lb. and over was recorded and weighed in\u2014total weight,\n3,301 lb. The largest fish, winner of the competition, weighed 21 lb. 8 oz., in comparison with a similar derby in 1947 when 242 trout were recorded weighing 2,689 lb. and\nthe largest fish weighed 22 lb. 8 oz.\nFrom a partly completed survey in connection with a creel census instituted, it\nwas revealed that quite a large percentage of trout taken over 5 lb. were not recorded\nor weighed in. Consequently, the actual derby returns do not give a true picture of\nKootenay Lake production of large trout, which is often referred to in the alleged\ndepletion of trout in the lakes.\nAngling contests over long periods are not consistent with conservation and should\nbe discouraged or prohibited, as some anglers who might be termed professional fishermen devote most of their time to get a fish larger than the other fellow and, in\nconsequence, our fisheries are exploited.\nInclement weather restricted angling in the quite numerous alpine lakes, some of\nwhich are overstocked from natural spawning, and it would now seem desirable, if\npossible, to change the regulations applicable to meet with this unforeseen situation.\nLarge-mouthed Black Bass.\u2014These non-native fish appeared quite plentiful in the\nchannels in the vicinity of Sirdar and Wynndel, which provided early fishing for juve- X 26 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nnile and adult anglers;   also, the long period of cloudy water caused the bass and\nsunfish to circulate farther north and west in Kootenay Lake.\nGoat River.\u2014The stretch of the stream below the falls and canyon yielded fair\ncatches of Kamloops (steelhead) trout, also cut-throat trout fly-fishing improved above\nthe canyon and to the upper reaches. The improvement might be attributed to the\nimproved water-flow during the summer. Meadow Creek, a tributary, provided good\nfishing for speckled trout.\nEast Kootenay Waters.\nMoyie River (Below Lakes).\u2014Accessible to auto travel, provided some excellent\nfly-fishing. No doubt the prolonged freshets were a contributing factor to the improvement as ordinarily the water-flow recedes rapidly with adverse water temperature, etc.\nMoyie Lakes.\u2014High-water conditions restricted angling in these quite important\nlakes. However, as conditions became normal, average catches of cut-throat, hybrid,\nand Kamloops were taken on the fly and troll varying mostly under 10 lb.\nMonroe Lake.\u2014This conveniently situated lake produced the average catches of\ncut-throat and hybrid trout varying to 2y2 lb. The lake is well patronized by the\nlocal residents who have summer homes at the lake.\nSmith Lake.\u2014A productive body of water, supplied good trolling and some flyfishing for Kamloops trout varying to 15 lb. Maintaining the natural water-levels of\nthe lake has already proven beneficial.\nMirror Lake.\u2014Yielded some excellent catches of Kamloops trout varying from\n2 to 5 lb. The planting of small allotments of fingerlings has brought fruitful results.\nHorseshoe Lake, a rather peculiar body of landlocked water, continued to supply fair\ncatches of Kamloops trout by fly and troll, with an occasional fish taken up to 12 lb.\nIn the past this lake was quite productive, yielding trout up to 15 lb. of three years'\ngrowth.\nPremier Lake.\u2014Was well patronized by the Kimberley anglers due to improved\nroad and camping facilities accomplished by the organized sportsmen. As weather\nconditions improved, the lake supplied fairly good fly-fishing and trolling for Kamloops\ntrout mostly under 5 lb. in weight.\nSt. Mary Lake and Tributaries.\u2014Considerable angling is carried on by the local\nsportsmen, and as water conditions improved after heavy freshets, average catches of\ncut-throat trout were taken on the fly and trolls, also a limited number of Kamloops\ntrout from experimental plantings.\nSkookumchuck River.\u2014After prolonged freshets the river below the falls supplied\ngood fly and spinner fishing. V\/ith improved road facilities for logging purposes, some\nexcellent fly-fishing was enjoyed by the sportsmen in ideal waters above the falls as a\nresult of a large allotment of cutthroat-trout eyed eggs planted in 1935. Prior to that\nthe stream above the falls was barren of fish life.\nBidl River and Tributaries.\u2014After the spring freshets the waters supplied some\ngood fly-fishing for cut-throat trout varying to 2% lb. So far natural reproduction has\nbeen sufficient to maintain a reasonable supply of trout except the stretch of river\nflowing between the falls and dam, which is restocked with fair results.\nThe several small lakes supplied fair cut-throat and Kamloops trout fishing except\nNew Lake. Logging operations on the Gold Creek system have resulted in more angling\nand the depletion of cut-throat trout, which is receiving attention next spring. Kootenay River supplied good cut-throat and Dolly Varden trout fishing toward the early fall.\nFernie District Waters.\nManistee and Loon Lakes.\u2014Supplied the average catches of Kamloops trout mostly\ntaken by trolling and varying less than 20 lb. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948. X  27\nSurveyors Lake.\u2014Showed a definite improvement and surpassed all other lakes in\nyielding excellent catches of Kamloops trout varying to 10 lb. The planting of small\nallotments of No. 1 fingerlings in place of fry, due to the voraciousness of the shiner,\nhas proven effective.\nTie Lake.\u2014Not considered ideal trout waters and the doubtful results of fry and\nfingerlings planted supplied a few nice Kamloops trout varying to 10 lb. This should\noffer some inducement to test the lake out further.\nSilver Springs Lakes.\u2014In recent years angling for Kamloops trout has declined\ndue to the presence of shiners, illegally introduced, and the diminishing food supplies.\nThe liberation of trout fingerlings in place of fry now appears necessary. North Star\nLake produced excellent catches of Kamloops trout a few years ago, but failed to yield\nany during the season.    Possibly winter kill is the cause and will be investigated.\nEdwards Lake.\u2014Is not producing such large Kamloops trout as in former years,\nbut with ideal conditions the average catches of Kamloops and occasional cut-throat\ntrout were taken on the fly and troll mostly under 5 lb.\nMcBain's (Rosen) Lake.\u2014Was well patronized by the residents, owners of summer\ncamps, and the tourists, and continued to supply fair trolling for Kamloops trout and\nfly-fishing for cut-throat. All possible attention is given toward maintaining the supply\nof trout for recreational purposes.\nElk River and Tributaries.\u2014The prolonged period of high water, mud, and heavy\nfreshets restricted angling until well into the month of June, then until early fall flyfishing for cut-throat and some Dolly Varden trout was good, a slight improvement\ncompared to the season of 1947.\nThe reintroduction of the closure of the upper reaches of the Elk River is worthy\nof careful investigation to determine, if possible, the spawning and migratory characteristics of the parent cut-throat trout, and is receiving attention.\nGrave (Emerald) Lake.\u2014Subject to weather conditions, the lake provided fair\ntrolling and some fly-fishing for Kamloops trout varying to 10 lb. The organized sportsmen have done some very creditable work toward road-building and camp-sites, etc.\nOther small lakes and streams provided fair angling throughout the season.\nColumbia District Waters.\nColumbia Lake.\u2014Not fished to any extent, produced fair catches of Kamloops trout\nby trolling varying to 5 lb. with an occasional cut-throat trout. Some outward migration occurs which augments the supplies in Windermere Lake.\nWindermere Lake.\u2014Average catches of Kamloops trout were mostly taken on trolls\nvarying to 5 lb. The residents and numerous visitors at the several summer camps fish\nthe lake, hence the need for restocking.\nDunbar, Twin, and Bott (Fish) Lakes.\u2014Supplied fairly good fly-fishing for cutthroat trout varying to 3 lb.;  also Jeffrey, Hall, Lead, Queen, and Baptiste Lakes.\nCartwright Lake.\u2014This landlocked lake supplied good trolling for Kamloops trout\nvarying to 9 lb. during the spring and fall. Deer Lake provided some fly-fishing and\ntrolling for Kamloops trout, a slight improvement compared to season of 1947. Trout\nvaried to 3 lb.\nMagog and Cerulean Lakes.\u2014Situated in Mount Assiniboine Provincial Park, provided good fly-fishing for cut-throat trout during the summer, up to 3 lb.\nPaddy Ryan Lakes.\u2014This chain of small lakes has in the past produced excellent\ncatches of cut-throat trout, but, since the appearance of shiners in large numbers,\nfishing has gradually declined. To combat this situation, the planting of Rainbow trout\nfingerlings is now advocated.\nGolden District.\u2014High water over quite a long period and glacial silt affected\nfishing in most streams including Kinbasket Lake. X 28 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nBlackwater Lakes.\u2014Situated adjacent to the Trans-Canada Highway, supplied the\nusual limit catches of somewhat small Kamloops trout. As the trout take the fly freely,\nthe lakes are popular for tourist and resident anglers.\nBush Lakes.\u2014High water and floods restricted early fishing but after June the\nlakes supplied fair catches of rainbow trout, mostly under 2 lb.\nCedar Lakes.\u2014The two small lakes yielded fair catches of Kamloops trout by fly\nand troll varying to 3 lb. Also Wiseman Lake and Creek provided good fly-fishing for\ncut-throat trout, including the mouths of creeks flowing into Columbia River when\nconditions permitted.\nKokanee (Little Redfish).\u2014In addition to acting as a forage fish in waters\noriginally inhabited and introduced, the kokanee fills in as a sport-fish, taking the fly\nand baited multiple lures quite freely in the following waters: Clearwater Lake,\nHedley, approximate size and weight, 12 oz.; Lake Christina, varying to 8 oz. and\nmore; Arrow Lakes, varying from 8 to 12 oz.; Wilson Lakes, varying to 8 oz.;\nWhatshan Lakes, 8 to 12 oz.; Slocan Lake, varying from 8 to 12 oz.; Cahill Lake,\naverage 8 oz.; Trout Lake, 8 to 12 oz.; Moyie Lakes, varying to 8 oz.; Premier Lake,\naverage weight, 1 lb.; Grave (Emerald) Lake, varying to 8 oz. and slightly more. In\nmost lakes the kokanee varies in weight each year.\nSummary of Hatchery Operations.\nSummerland Hatchery.\u2014The new and spacious modern hatchery set-up was in\nreadiness to operate during the month of May in place of the small hatchery operated\nseasonally. The following Kamloops trout eggs were received, 245,000 green eggs,\nand 472,665 eyed eggs from Beaver Lake Hatchery; resultant fry liberated, 301,000,\nin thirty-three lakes and streams, and 120,000 No. 1 fingerlings. Scientific experimental plantings, 25,989, in five lakes. On hand as at December 31st, 122,913, 2%\nto 3 inches in length.\nRevelstoke Hatchery.\u2014Operated from May 1st to July 31st. Cutthroat-trout\neyed eggs received from Cranbrook Hatchery, 97,500; resultant fry, 87,000, liberated\nin four lakes and one stream. Kamloops-trout eyed eggs received from Beaver Lake\nHatchery, 128,000;   resultant fry, 120,000;   liberated in seven lakes and one stream.\nNelson Hatchery.\u2014Yearly operations for waters of East and West Kootenay,\nBoundary, and Okanagan districts. Kamloops-trout eyed eggs received from Beaver\nLake Hatchery, 562,000; Penask Lake, 95,000; total, 657,000. Eyed eggs planted in\neight lakes and streams, 203,050; fry, 404,170, in twelve streams and lakes; No. 1\nfingerlings, 17,435, in one stream. Kamloops-trout eyed eggs received from Gerrard\nHatchery June 12th, 150,000; resultant fry liberated in the Nelson Hatchery Rearing-\nponds.\nEastern Brook Trout.\u2014Eggs collected at Boundary Lake, Nelway, 325,000; resultant fry and fingerlings, 288,200, liberated in twelve lakes and streams. Kokanee eggs\nreceived from Meadow Creek, Lardeau, 1,088,000. Eyed eggs planted, 1,450,000.\nPending approximate fry plantings, 450,000, in Kootenay Lake and Grave Lake.\nGerrard Hatchery.\u2014Seasonal operations from April 1st to July 15th, Kamloops-\ntrout eggs collected, 455,000. Resultant distributions of eyed eggs: Cranbrook Hatchery, 102,000;  Kaslo Hatchery, 168,000;  Nelson Hatchery, 150,000;  total, 420,000.\nKaslo Hatchery.\u2014Yearly operations. Kamloops-trout eyed eggs received from\nGerrard Hatchery, 168,000; resultant fry released in the rearing-ponds and subsequently retained in the hatchery. Kokanee eggs received from Meadow Creek, Lardeau,\n160,000;   resultant fry to be liberated in three streams.\nCranbrook Hatchery.\u2014Seasonal operations from April 1st to August 31st. Cutthroat-trout eggs collected at Fish Lakes, 1,008,000; resultant eyed eggs distributed,\n743,275, to three hatcheries and eight streams and lakes;   fry, 231,045, liberated in REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948. X 29\nten lakes and streams. Kamloops-trout eyed eggs received from Gerrard Hatchery,\n102,000; resultant No. 1 fingerlings liberated, 97,240, in twelve lakes. Kamloops-trout\neyed eggs received from Beaver Lake Hatchery, 188,140; resultant fry, 182,603,\nliberated in eighteen lakes.\nSummary of Rearing-ponds operated.\nSummerland Hatchery Rearing-ponds.\u2014Under construction, not ready to operate.\nKamloops-trout fingerlings retained in hatchery troughs.\nNelson Hatchery Rearing-ponds.\u2014May, 1948, West Arm, Kootenay Lake. Coming\ntwo-year-old Kamloops-trout fingerlings carried from year 1947, 6,098, liberated at\nSunshine Bay, 3,200; Procter, 1,500; Crescent Bay, 1,093; total, 5,793, 5 to 10 inches\nin length.    (Marked with removal of adipose and left ventral fins.)\nEyed eggs received, June, 1947, 100,000 Gerrard; resultant fingerlings in ponds\nas at December 31st, 1947, No. 3 pond, 32,240; No. 4 pond, 31,260; No. 5 pond, 31,671;\ntotal, 95,171.\nLiberations of fingerlings, June 8th to 11th: No. 3 pond, West Arm and Main\nKootenay Lake, Kaslo Bay, 7,141; West Arm, Harrop, 7,141; Procter, 9,000; Long\nBeach, 2,000;   transferred to No. 1 pond, 2,853.\nJune, 12th to 15th: No. 4 pond liberations, Queens Bay, Kootenay Lake, 5,440;\nAinsworth, 6,800;   Woodberry Bay, 9,010;   transferred to No. 1 pond, 1,568.\nJuly 23rd to 26th: No. 5 pond liberations, Kaslo Bay, 5,085; Shutty Bench, 5,805;\nSunshine Bay, 2,160;   transferred to No. 1 pond, 717;   Champion Lakes, 1,080.\nTotal liberations in West Arm and Kootenay Lake, 71,912; Champion Lakes,\n1,080; transferred to No. 1 pond, 5,138. Weight count graded fish, 56 to 1 lb.;\nungraded, 135 to 1 lb.\nApril 20th, 1948: Carried over in No. 2 pond, 21,850, origin, Snowshoe Lake,\nliberated in Kootenay River, Slocan Pool, 21,761 (3 inches in length).\nJune 12th, 1948: Received from Gerrard Hatchery, 150,000 eyed eggs; resultant\nfingerlings retained in Nelson Hatchery Rearing-ponds for liberation in West Arm\nand Kootenay Lake, May, 1949.\nDuring the fall, rearing-pond facilities were increased with the construction of\na battery of five concrete ponds of the following dimensions: 3 feet, 6 inches, to 4 feet\nin depth; width, 6 feet; length, 40 feet each. Similarly as in the past, the City of\nNelson kindly supplied cement and gravel for the ponds constructed. The extra accommodation should prove a valuable asset toward raising extra trout fingerlings for\ndistrict waters such as Kootenay and Slocan Rivers and Lower Arrow Lakes. To\noperate effectively the new ponds during the winter, it will be necessary to raise the\nwater temperatures artificially.\nKaslo Hatchery and Ponds.\u2014June 4th, 1947, eyed eggs received, 100,000 Gerrard;\nliberation of fingerlings, August and September, 1947, 35,000 (2 inches in length),\nKaslo Bay, Kootenay Lake.\nApril 17th, 1948:  Transferred to one of the Bjerkness ponds, 60,548.\nJune 2nd and 3rd: Liberations, Bjerkness Bay, Kootenay Lake, 4,000; Kaslo Bay,\n10,000; Woodberry Creek Bay, 15,000; Bjerkness Bay, 7,500; total liberations, 71,500\nfingerlings, 2 to 4 inches in length.\nJune 12th, 1948: Received 168,000 Kamloops-trout eyed eggs from Gerrard;\nresultant fingerlings retained in the hatchery troughs for subsequent release in Lardeau\nRiver and Kootenay Lake.\nPrinceton Semi-natural Ponds.\u2014The two small lakes partially developed and leased\nby the organized sportsmen of Princeton; a breach occurred at the outlet of the lower\npond, resulting in the fingerlings from the 10,000 rainbow-trout fry liberated in the\nlower pond, July, 1948, escaping into One Mile Creek. X 30 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nNew Denver Rearing-pond.\u2014Due to the continued serious pollution of Carpenter\nCreek from operations of the Zincton Mines, Limited, the local organized sportsmen\ndid not attempt to operate the pond.\nFernie City Rearing-ponds.\u2014Unfavourable conditions prevented the operation of\nNos. 2 and 3 ponds situated on city property. The local semi-natural pond on Brewery\nCreek, partially developed by the local organized sportsmen, was not ready for cutthroat-trout fry during the liberations.\nNelson Hatchery Ova Collections. \u2014 High water and flood conditions prevented\nadditional surveys to ascertain possible ova collections in view of the increasing\ndemands coupled with the uncertainty of supplies from Lloyds Creek and Penask Lake\nHatcheries, which the hatchery is dependent upon.\nBoundary Lake, Nelway.\u2014Climatic conditions were more favourable, permitting\nthe collection of 410,000 Eastern brook-trout eggs mostly taken at the outlet creek trap.\nAlso, 90,000 were taken at Loon Lake, Ainsworth. The speckled-trout fry and fingerlings are widely distributed in waters of East and West Kootenay and Okanagan.\nLardeau River.\u2014The rapid rise of the water-flow in the river restricted the effective use of drag-seines toward the latter part of the collection which amounted to\n455,000 eggs from a medium run of parent fish in comparison with 456,000 eggs\ncollected in 1947.\nTrout Creek.\u2014An attempt was made to ascertain the potential spawning runs of\nKamloops trout to augment the supplies for Gerrard Hatchery in case the spawning\nruns are affected in the Lardeau River in due course. Unfortunately, extreme high\nwater and flood conditions prevented the completion of the survey.\nKiahko (Fish) Lakes, Cranbrook.\u2014The annual collection of cutthroat-trout eggs\namounted to 1,008,000 in comparison with 1,637,000, the season of 1947. Reports\nindicated that the parent fish were not so plentiful, as the bountiful water-flow in the\noutlet creek did not induce the expected number of fish to enter the traps.\nAs the demand for cutthroat-trout eggs is increasing, for local and other Interior\nwaters, plus those for reciprocal sale and exchange, preparations were made on the\nsmall north-inlet creek of Monroe Lake to resume collections at this point; also experimental collections will be attempted on the outlet of Dunbar Lake to augment the\nsupplies.\nMiscellaneous Subjects.\nTrout Food, 1948, Summerland Hatchery.\u2014Approximate quantities of trout foods\nsupplied to sustain Kamloops-trout fingerlings retained in the hatchery troughs: Beef\nliver, 10,500 lb.; powdered milk, 800 lb.; frozen kokanee, 900 lb.; 100 cases of canned\nherring and rice polishings.\nTrout Food, 1948, Nelson Hatchery.\u2014Beef liver, 2,995 lb.; pork liver, 2,436 lb.;\npowdered milk, 1,000 lb.; lamb brains, 522 lb.; canned herring, 30 cases; stripped\nkokanee, 8,000 lb.\nTrout Food, 1948, Revelstoke Hatchery.\u2014(Supplied from Nelson Hatchery) beef\nliver, 114 lb.;  powdered milk, 50 lb.\nTrout Food, 1948, Cranbrook Hatchery.\u2014(Supplied from Nelson Hatchery) beef\nliver, 221 lb.; powdered milk, 10 lb.;  frozen kokanee, 50 lb.\nTrout Food, 1948, Kaslo Hatchery. \u2014 Beef liver, 1,680 lb.; pork liver, 246 lb.;\npowdered milk, 600 lb.; lamb brains, 64 lb.; frozen kokanee, 300 lb., from Nelson\nHatchery.\nSalvage and Transfer of Trout.\u2014Generally throughout the district the water-flow\nin streams and the levels of the lakes was above normal and no loss occurred from the\nlack of water except Big Sheep Creek near Rossland where a number of Eastern Brook\ntrout became stranded in a side channel of the creek and were duly salvaged and transferred to Corral Creek, a tributary of Sheep Creek, October 3rd, approximately 450\n(2 to 5 inches in length) ;   250 (6 to 9 inches in length) ;   total, 700 fingerlings. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948. X 31\nDestruction of Coarse Fish.\u2014Abnormal high water and flood conditions prevented\nthe operation of traps and other methods of taking coarse fish below the Brilliant Dam,\nKootenay River, and likewise in the Okanagan River, Penticton, Christina Lake, What-\nshan Lakes, and the Lardeau River, etc.\nFishways.\u2014The five small fishways installed by the property-owners in small dams\nless than 10 feet in height situated on the outlet of Okanagan Lake, Eholt Creek, outlet\nof McBain's (Rosen) Lake, Alexander Creek, and Paddy Ryan Lakes remained in fair\ncondition and working order.\nObstructions.\nSmith Lake.\u2014Confirming remarks in the 1947 report, relative to maintaining the\nnormal levels of the lake for fish-cultural purposes, and under the authority of conditional water licence granted, during the month of April a small concrete dam was\nconstructed on the outlet of the lake, Jimsmith Creek. The dam is so equipped to\npermit screens to prevent the outward migration of small and parent trout, also, to\nmaintain the normal levels of the lake, also, if desired by the irrigation purposes.\nAlready there is a noticeable improvement in the food supplies and conditions of the\nKamloops trout which should amply justify the small expense in due course.\nLardeau River.\u2014In order to permit the free passage of the parent Kamloops trout\nfrom Kootenay Lake to their spawning-grounds in the vicinity of Gerrard and their\nreturn, the usual attention was given to the removal of obstructions during the fall,\nthereby the river is clear of major obstructions that would impede the movements and\nmigration of fish. Also, attention was given to debris entering the river from Trout\nLake.\nHydro-electric Developments.\nWhatsan Lake.\u2014The storage of water in the lakes and diversions to the hydroelectric plant on the Lower Arrow Lake by the British Columbia Power Commission\nhas been gone into thoroughly with regard to slash and brush to extreme high-water\nmark and the flooding of the spawning-grounds, etc., of the Kamloops, Dolly Varden,\nand kokanee trout, pending a survey of the affected areas and meeting to be held in\nthat respect by the authorities.\nNakusp Creek and Box Lake.\u2014The reconstruction of the earth-crib diversion dam\non the creek by the British Columbia Power Commission received the necessary attention for fishery interests with regard to efficient screening of the intake of water supply\nto the Nakusp Power Station, improvements to the spillway in the dam to prevent\npossible injury to migratory trout, including the installation of a small fishway in the\nproposed low dam on the outlet of Box Lake for water storage.\nTrout Lake and Lardeau River.\u2014The drawing-down of the natural water-level of\nTrout Lake, Gerrard, by the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company, Limited, of\nTrail, for additional water-storage for hydro-electric purposes on Kootenay River, is\nreceiving most careful attention by the Department to safeguard the valuable natural\nresources of the district, relative to the spawning-runs of Kamloops trout in Lardeau\nRiver and Trout Lake, the future spawning-facilities, and the resultant circulation of\ntrout in the river and lake, etc., in accordance with a joint preliminary hearing held in\nTrail, November 10th.\nPollutions.\nMining Industries, etc.\u2014Due to the improved base-metal prices, increasing mining\nand concentrator operations throughout the district, depending upon the location of the\nplants, the majority of the operators were sincere in their efforts to prevent the serious\npollution of waters frequented by fish, water-fowl, and fur-bearing animals, as referred\nto herewith. X 32 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nSimilkameen River.\u2014The steady and extensive operations of the Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting, and Power Company, Limited, of Copper Mountain, the\nKelowna Exploration Company, and the Mascot Mining Company, of Hedley, were very\nsatisfactory from a pollution and conservation standpoint.\nThe Atkinson Dredging Company, of Princeton, after a year of fairly steady\ndredging for gold and platinum with from 2,500 to 3,500 yards of material handled\ndaily, did not seriously affect fish life in the Similkameen River, except a few whitefish\nwere found dead in the river in the vicinity of Hedley, 25 miles distant. An analysis\nof a water sample taken two miles below the point of operations revealed that the\nsuspended solids in the water-flow had increased from 18 p.p.m. to 33 p.p.m. during\ndredging operations. It was observed that, during any lull in the operations, goodly\nnumbers of trout and whitefish remained in the pools where the dredging was operating\nfrom.\nOkanagan River.\u2014After some delay last fall in obtaining materials, the Canadian\nPacific Railway Company at Penticton constructed a new 15- by 32-foot specially\ndesigned concrete sump to collect, treat, and prevent the escapage of fuel-oil into the\nriver. From repeated observations, the new arrangement, in place of the old earthern\nsumps, is operating very satisfactorily from a sport-fish, water-fowl, and fur-bearing\nanimal standpoint.\nColumbia River.\u2014A certain amount of refuse enters the river from the extensive\noperations of the Trail smelter and fertilizer plants operated by the Consolidated\nMining and Smelting Company, Limited, of Trail. It is possible the pollutions, after becoming diffused with the large volume of water-flow, are not so harmful toward fish life.\nSheep Creek and Salmon River.\u2014Owing to the price of gold and cost of production,\nthe operations of the Sheep Creek Gold Mines, Limited, were suspended June, 1948, but\nwere resumed, resulting in the pollution of Sheep Creek. The management are reluctant\nto take any steps to prevent the direct discharge of concentrator refuse into Wolfe\nCreek and Sheep Creek owing to the limited space to impound the tailings thereon.\nSalmon River.\u2014The Emerald Tungsten Project, Concentrator Division, Salmo, at\nconsiderable expense and before operations commenced, established settling-ponds to\nprevent the serious pollution of the river.   Except during floods, the ponds were effective.\nPend d'Oreille River.\u2014The management of the Reeves-MacDonald Mines, Limited,\nexpect to operate the newly constructed concentrator in treatment of some 1,200 tons of\nsilver, lead, and zinc ores daily, and an attempt is being made to store the tailings on\nadjacent bench-land in the course of a month or so.\nKootenay River.\u2014The operations of the Kenville Gold Mines, Limited, near Tag-\nhum, were satisfactory except some seepage of concentrator refuse through the coarse\nrock-fill of the settling-pond, which was rectified, and the river has been free of tailings.\nSitkum Creek, West Arm, Kootenay Lake.\u2014Due to the cost of production and the\nprice of gold, operations of the Alpine Gold Mines, Limited, were suspended by the\nmanagement in 1948, and the creek remained free of pollutions.\nKootenay Lake.\u2014The intermittent operation of the Kootenay-Florence mine and\nconcentrator near Ainsworth to treat custom and locally mined silver, lead, and zinc\nores resulted in the pollution of the lake within a radius of about 100 yards. The pollution under the circumstances is difficult to control owing to the mill being in close\nproximity to the lake.\nKaslo Creek, Kootenay Lake.\u2014The impoundment of the concentrator refuse has\nreceived all possible attention by the management of the Kootenay Belle Gold Mines,\nLimited, in the treatment of silver, lead, and zinc ores at the Whitewater concentrator.\nThe pollution of the creek was of short duration when the pumping-machinery broke\ndown.\nSeaton and Carpenter Creeks, Slocan Lake.\u2014Until recently, the operation of the\nZincton mines and concentrator by the Sheep Creek Gold Mines, Limited, seriously REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME  COMMISSION, 1948. X 33\npolluted the creeks referred to and flowing into Slocan Lake. Sufficient attention was\nnot being given to the promised impoundment of the refuse, which, to some extent,\nafter repeated interviews and correspondence, has been rectified.\nSlocan Lake.\u2014The Western Exploration Company, Limited, Silverton, operates a\nconcentrator to treat silver, lead, and zinc ores from the Standard, Mammoth, and\nEnterprise mines, and the resultant tailings are discharged directly into the lake from\nthe mill immediately adjacent. The operations have gone on intermittently over a long\nperiod, and with limited disturbances the pollution is confined to a small area of the lake.\nSt. Mary River.\u2014All possible attention is given to the impoundment of concentrator\nrefuse by the Consolidated Mining and Smelting Company, Limited, resulting from the\ntreatment of some 6,500 tons of silver, lead, and zinc ores from the Sullivan mine daily.\nOnly during extreme low water has the pollution of the river affected fish life, but not\nto a great extent.\nMichel and Coal Creeks, Elk River.\u2014During the high water and flood period, considerable coal-dust sludge escaped into Michel Creek from the area used for settling-\nponds by the Crow's Nest Pass Coal Company. Immediately conditions would permit,\nthe company took the necessary steps to control the waste materials, also due attention\nwas given to the Coal Creek operations, which are more favourably located to prevent\npollutions.\nLumber Industries.\u2014The operators of stationary and portable sawmills have reasonably complied to the Fishery Regulations, except a few minor pollutions which were\nrectified forthwith.\nDiseases.\u2014During the year an occasional report was received of some mortality\namongst trout, suckers, and whitefish. Apparently the fish did not die from disease\nbut from some other causes not definitely determined. The lack of sunshine, low\ntemperatures of water-supplies, and other unusual conditions increased the difficulties\nof rearing-pond operations, with some slight gill disease duly checked. However,\nwith the unsurpassed water-supply to the Summerland Hatchery, no difficulty was\nexperienced in raising fingerlings in the hatchery troughs with excellent results.\nSport Fisheries.\u2014Generally the fisheries are in fair condition, with some depletion\nof streams adjacent to auto camps and auto travel, etc. The planting of fingerlings in\nplace of eyed eggs and fry would help the situation, with possible alternate yearly\nclosures, with due consideration given to the regulations to control the number of trout\nthat can be taken during a week or month, etc.\nThe usual excellent assistance rendered by the organized sportsmen and individuals, the Canadian Pacific Railway Company, the Consolidated Mining and Smelting\nCompany, and other Government departments, is gratefully acknowledged.\n\" C \" DIVISION  (KAMLOOPS, YALE, OKANAGAN, CARIBOO,\nCHILCOTIN, AND SQUAMISH DISTRICTS).\nBy R. M. Robertson, Officer Commanding.\nI have the honour to submit herewith my annual report on game conditions in\n\" C \" Game Division during the year ended December 31st, 1948.\nBig Game.\nMoose.\u2014One thousand two hundred and two moose trophies passed through the\nCache Creek checking-station, north of Ashcroft, during the season 1948. This station\nkeeps a record of the numbers of moose and other animals leaving the Cariboo. A heavy\ninfestation of winter ticks was manifest in the Big Creek District, where considerable\nnumbers of cattle and big game died from their effects. X 34 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nThe same situation prevailed in other areas but to a slightly lesser degree. Reports\nreaching this office gave a preview of what to expect during the spring of 1949. The\nlocality immediately north of Kamloops is now badly infested with ticks and also that\nwest of Anahim Lake and surrounding terrain.\nApproximately 2,500 moose were killed in the Cariboo during the open season.\nThis figure includes the non-resident and resident kill, also the Indian kill, and could\nbe regarded as a conservative one. The opinion prevailed among the guides that\nmoose-hunting was becoming increasingly difficult due to scarcity of those animals.\nLetters received from guides in connection with a questionnaire sent to lodge and\nhunting-camp operators seemed to indicate a state of anxiety for the future.\nNon-resident hunters were prone to blame the guides for unseemly delay in getting\ntheir bag-limit, and a feeling existed in the minds of many non-residents that the\nguides were giving them \" the run around \" and showed them big game only after\nmany days of search.\nWinter range for moose shows strong evidence of overbrowsing. In the Big Creek-\nPorcupine districts and meadows leading toward the Coast Range overbrowsing was\nindeed noticeable. The only place where willow and other similar growth appeared\nuntouched was at the headwaters of Big Creek.\nThe matter of controlled burning for additional food supply is a subject for expert\nconsideration. A start should be made toward this end. A report from the Quesnel\nDetachment indicates that predation on moose was of a comparatively light nature.\nMoose are now moving into the outlying areas. This is especially true of Salmon Arm,\nNorth Thompson (East), Red Mountain, and Yalakom areas. In Upper Clearwater\nValley the hunting of moose was not at all good except for the early part of the season.\nStatistical data will no doubt be supplied by Jas. Hatter, Game Biologist, covering\nage-group of moose taken.\nCold-storage facilities have encouraged hunters to seek the larger species of big\ngame. Where moose-meat was freely distributed on past occasions by fortunate, generous hunters because of possible spoilage, the newly constructed cold-storage warehouses\nnow provide a means of retaining the entire meat-supply without loss.\nThe Cache Creek checking-station filled a much-needed requirement. The following totals of big game were checked from the beginning of the open season to the end,\nas follows:\u2014\nMoose   1,202 Goats   41\nDeer   1,111 Grizzlies   17\nCaribou   3 Wolves      9\nSheep          8 Cougars   13\nThe above station and check-up was ably conducted by Game Warden W. H.\nCameron and three assistants.\nCaribou.\u2014An aerial survey, especially in winter, should be made. There does not\nappear to be any explanation of why caribou have dwindled down to a mere remnant of\ntheir former numbers. The task of instituting a survey as to probable causes of\ncaribou disappearance requires much more extensive research facilities than we have\nat present. It is manifestly impossible for one biologist to cover the entire field. It is\nnot overhunting or predation which appears to be the cause. Whether the intrusion of\nmoose into the caribou range has had any effect, is something for the trained biologist\nto decide.\nIn the Clearwater area, moose have long since moved into that range formerly\noccupied by caribou. A report from Alexis Creek states that big game seems to be\nchanging its winter range and spending the summers on ranges farther afield. A radical change of seasons is perhaps the true answer as the depth of snow appears to have\ndecreased considerably in certain ranges in the Chilcotins.    The wet seasons of the REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948. X 35\nlast few years have increased the available food-supply. The increased hunting-\npressure has played a minor role in the above movement. The Vernon Detachment\nreports six cows were seen near Peters Lake early in October. Considerable signs were\nreported by guides in the same area earlier in the season.\nGrizzlies.\u2014Park Mountain and the Upper Shuswap and Cherry Creek basins were\na source of attraction to hunters for grizzlies. On the Bowron Lake areas bordering\nthe reserve, they are numerous. In the Texas, Whitecap, and Bear Creek areas many\nare known to exist but are seldom hunted.\nMountain-sheep.\u2014A mountain-sheep count carried out by Bertram Chichester, of\nKelowna, during 1948, in the Shorts Creek area, produced the following: twelve rams,\nfourteen lambs, thirty-nine yearlings and ewes, totalling sixty-five. This seems slightly\nbelow former years but not enough to warrant inquiry as it is quite possible to miss a\nsmall band of sheep. An open season could never be declared in such a small area with\nsuch a limited sheep population. Practically all of their winter range is now fenced\nand used for agricultural purposes. In such a limited habitat an increase is hardly to\nbe expected. Another area of doubtful value is in the Squilax district. Here again the\npopulation is a small one and an open season would hardly be desirable. During January, 1949, the Squilax sheep could be seen along the Trans-Canada Highway, where\nMr. Danielson, of Squilax, put out hay during the deep snow.\nSquam Bay has never been regarded as an area producing a sizeable population.\nIn this Division, the areas over which mountain-sheep travel are limited, excepting the\nChurn Creek basins, Big Creek, Porcupine, and Gunn Creek. The winter range of\nmountain-sheep, extending from Big Creek, Porcupine to Gunn Creek, centres mainly\nin the Big Churn Creek and Upper Churn Creek basins.\nA count taken in the Churn Creek basins by Predatory-animal Hunter Shuttle-\nworth and Game Warden Fenton produced the following: 253 sheep of which forty\nwere rams of trophy size. A patrol of the Big Creek headwaters and also Porcupine\nCreek during July revealed five bighorn rams of substantial size at 8,000 feet elevation.\nSigns of eight other sheep were seen. The severe winters of recent years have had, no\ndoubt, an adverse effect on the sheep population.\nAn annual census should be taken of mountain-sheep in the Churn Creek basins\nas this area, with but one possible exception, is their main wintering-ground. Another\narea not yet covered and entirely separate from the above may be inspected during 1949.\nThe sheep population of the Yalakom Reserve has shown some increase. A count\ntaken by Game Warden Welsman around October 25th on the Yalakom Game Reserve,\nrevealed the following: ninety-eight sheep, consisting of twenty-eight rams, fifty ewes,\nand twenty lambs. In the opinion of one reliable guide and Game Warden Welsman,\nit is estimated that there must be around 150 sheep, since, on this patrol, the whole\nReserve was not covered. Of the above number counted, twenty-five were yearlings.\nThese sheep do not winter in the Churn Creek basin.\nMountain-goats. \u2014 Reported numerous around Valemont. Not numerous in the\nShuswap-Columbia River Divide, east of Sugar Lake. They are also limited in numbers\nin the Wells area and Momich River district. East of Horsefly they are not by any\nmeans lacking in numbers. In the Cayoosh Creek area an increase is reported, but a\ndecrease elsewhere in the Lillooet Detachment.\nDeer.\u2014Some sign of starvation has been noted in the deer population in certain\nareas of the Quesnel Detachment. Coast deer are reported scarce in the Squamish\narea. Bucks (mule-deer) were scarce elsewhere in the Lillooet Detachment. Severe\nwinter conditions are considered responsible. To some extent this also applied to the\nClinton area. Hunting was not heavy in the Aspen Grove area during the past season.\nIn mountainous country the coyote habit of driving deer over a bluff is still reported.\nNo big-game animal stands a chance of survival when driven onto ice by predators.\nThe usual reports of this come to hand yearly. X 36 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nThere is a commonly mistaken idea prevailing in the minds of many people that\ndeer are numerous because the narrow winter range contains an apparently large\npopulation of these ruminants. When once dispersed over their summer range, the\npopulation could be better described as normal in many places. Wells, Williams Lake,\nand Clinton report a decrease. In the Kelowna district the deer got a protective break\ndue to mild, open weather. During the last week of the season more deer were killed\naround Kelowna than during the previous open period.\nThe wintering-grounds of the mule-deer in the Kamloops area, especially north of\nKamloops, showed no decrease in population over the previous years. The mild weather\nprevailing during the early part of the season afforded much needed protection,\nconsidering the unusually large number of sportsmen in the field. North of Williams\nLake the deer were quite conspicuous adjacent to the highway, but were largely does\nand fawns. Along the Chilco and Taseko Rivers deer were numerous. The average\nsnowfall on the Chilcotin Plateau up to February 8th, 1949, was 12 inches at the\n4,000-foot level. An Indian report states that thirty deer were killed on the ice on\nTsuniah Lake, up to January 30th, 1949.   This report has not been confirmed.\nElk.\u2014No report has been received of any notable increase in wapiti at the head\nof Adams Lake. These animals seem to have scattered, partly due to predators. In\nthe Lucerne Lake and Red Pass areas numbers of wapiti have been killed by trains\non the Canadian National Railways' line. This matter was fully investigated and\nrecommendations were made to eliminate partly the possibility of destruction. The\nrecommendations were of a technical nature, mainly, and are still under consideration.\nFur-bearing Animals.\nBeavers are reported everywhere on the increase. The high water of 1948 forced\nmany young beaver kits to seek drier levels. Low fur values did not encourage\ntrappers. As snow levels were high, the opportunity to trap was not the same as in\nprevious years.\nThe tagging-system for beavers, now inaugurated for the first time, and ready\nfor the 1949 open-season, will receive its crucial test. As this Division has kept beaver-\npopulation records for a period of years for each trap-line, the task of scrutinizing\napparent irregularities will be greatly simplified. The new graph system now installed\nat Kamloops, in which is shown the beaver-kill and potential for each trap-line, will\nat once reveal the trapper's activity in relation to his catch, and manner of conducting\nconservation measures on his trap-line. The graph form was very kindly drawn up by\nDr. Enid Charles, of the Dominion Bureau of Statistics at Ottawa, and it is expected that\nthis system will go far toward the creation of a more efficient system of beaver-recording. There are fundamental weaknesses in the present tagging-system in that trappers\nare given whatever tags they require and that the regulation of same, democratic as\nit may appear, might provide an opening for the poacher to obtain beaver-pelts elsewhere if he finds himself with more tags than he requires. Nevertheless, the inauguration of jthis system is a step in the right direction. It would be a distinctly decided\nadvantage if an official word of advice were given in the form of an appeal to all\ntrappers to conserve the basic fur-bearer of this Province. It will be done in this\nDivision before the season opens.\nUpland Game Birds.\nThe pheasant population of the Central Interior, after the spring floods, suffered\nrather severely. Widespread liberations by the Game Commission brought the pheasant\npopulation back to near old-time levels, but the situation, after a careful survey, and\nconsidering the greatly increased number of hunters in the field, did not warrant even\na part-time open season.   The general recommendations by the game associations of the REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME  COMMISSION, 1948. X 37\nInterior for a closed season on pheasants were somewhat reluctantly adopted. This\ncourse naturally disappointed many Coast sportsmen as they had made plans for their\nannual trek to the Interior. The danger of a closed season on pheasants is the creation\nof a hazard to crops. In some places, too many pheasants could hardly be called an\nasset.\nA general increase in grouse is reported from all Detachments and an open season\nis therefore recommended in previously closed areas.\nMigratory Game Birds.\nA great many ducks and other migrators apparently failed to reach their spring\ndestination in time, due to the late spring and abnormal winter conditions. Many\nspecies in the habit of going north nested in unfamiliar areas south of their usual\nhabitat. Geese, according to reports, showed a sharp decrease in numbers in the\nQuesnel area. This upset in migration is something that should be considered when\ncensus returns are scrutinized. There would, naturally, be a tendency to judge erroneously the over-all increase in some districts, especially in Southern British Columbia\nwhere spring came late, as against the slow-going ice and snow conditions of the north.\nThe nesting season was on the whole a very good one, and a general increase in certain\nspecies was reported.   Geese were an uncertain factor and difficult to judge.\nPredatory Animals, etc.\nThis subject is by far the most contentious of all. There appears to be a decided\nincrease in coyotes and much damage to stock was reported. Deep snow in some places\ndrove both predator and game animal to lower levels. There seemed to be no shortage\nof feed. During the open season the invasion of hunters left a residue of big game\nlying everywhere.   This is something that cannot be avoided.\nBounty on sixty-two cougars and ninety coyotes was paid at Vernon. Several\npacks of wolves are operating in the Quesnel district, but mostly in the remote areas.\nThe establishment of a permanent system of predator control becomes necessary\nthroughout this Division. We should either inaugurate a system starting with the\ntraining of interested young men or hire men with an impressive background of\npredator control and destruction. The latter are indeed hard to find, as experience\nshows that some men are expert on certain phases of predator control and mediocre on\nothers. The planning of aerial reconnaissance to ascertain the travel pattern of wolves\noperating in the Chilcotin may be given consideration in the near future. In open\ncountry, such as the Chilcotins, and on large, frozen lakes the destruction of wolves\nfrom the air may not be so impractical as would at first appear. The wolf situation in\nAlexis Creek was of a milder type. In the Whitewater area, wolves and big game\nremained on higher elevations, hence the absence of same in the Big Creek and Alexis\nCreek districts.\nThe posting of two predatory-animal hunters from the Forest Service enabled us\nto ascertain the accuracy of reports in many cases hastily made by outside hunters and\nstock-growers that wolves were destroying game and cattle on a large scale. There is\nno place for predators of any kind on the stock ranges of British Columbia, but in the\nhinterland there are other angles to be considered. Hunting by humans during the\nopen season does not eliminate the unfit animal, but predation by and large is more\neffective. The presence of predators keeps game animals alert and healthy. Otherwise\nit would be impossible to keep them off the crops of the farmer. In the Clinton and\nKamloops districts the wolf situation is not as serious as reported. Wells Detachment\nreports coyotes numerous at the beginning of winter and when snow got deep they\ndrifted to lower valleys of the Quesnel and Fraser Rivers. X 38 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nTen Wardens and three predatory-animal hunters destroyed the following predators\nduring 1948:\u2014\nGame Wardens: Dogs, 35; wolves, 9; coyotes, 210; bobcats, 11; wildcats, 4;\neagles, 17; hawks, 113; owls, 53; crows, 658; magpies, 205; ravens, 87;\ncougars, 9; bears, 1; cats, 40.\nPredatory-animal hunters: Dogs, 25; wolves, 30; coyotes, 117; eagles, 55;\nhawks, 120; owls, 93; crows, 499; magpies, 376; ravens, 61; cougars,\n18;  bears, 13;  cats, 77.\nGame Protection.\nRegular patrols were carried out during the year. Prosecutions totalled 269.\nProvincial Police took five. There .were nine dismissals and thirteen suspended sentences. A report from Vernon Detachment draws attention to the inefficient use of\npneumatic-type bullets and the number of wounded deer escaping with superficial\nwounds. The recommendation is made that the ordinary soft-nose, mushroom-type\nof bullet only be allowed.\nGame Propagation.\nOnly seven beavers, for liberation elsewhere, were taken from the Bowron Lake\nSanctuary.   High water hampered our efforts.\nGame Reserves.\nSmaller sanctuaries are the rule rather than the exception in this Division. It\nadmittedly would be difficult to create any large-scale sanctuaries now, except, perhaps,\nin the north-eastern portion of \" C \" Division. The smaller sanctuaries serve a useful\npurpose in that big game can be studied at leisure where nature is left free from the\nhand of man. In the smaller sheep areas, which are too limited for open seasons, due\nto stationary populations and lack of suitable surrounding habitat, the idea of creating\nsanctuaries of these could well be considered. Some requests for open seasons on these\nsheep have been made without proper study of their numbers and extent of area. It\nwould be folly, indeed, to grant such a request.\nThere is evident joy ahead for future generations if we preserve these areas for\nfuture study and pleasure. We should consider to-day the youngsters of to-morrow.\nIt is not what we take to-day that counts so much as what we leave behind to live and\nlet live. We shall be thanked by future generations if we primarily consider this first\nbefore submitting demands for open seasons on extremely limited herds of big game.\nThe areas open for consideration, as possible sanctuaries for mountain-sheep, are as\nfollows: Squilax, Squam Bay, and a portion or all of the wintering area in the Churn\nCreek basins. The idea could well be considered in another Division to the south\nwhere sheep populations remain stationary.\nBowron Lake has limited beaver colonies and even these areas are not always\noccupied because of high water and lack of suitable feed. A biotic study of the Bowron\nLake area could well be started.\nThe small Kamloops water-fowl sanctuary serves a very useful purpose. It provides a very definite but limited field for local study and protection of water-fowl during\nfall and winter. Additional beaver sanctuaries would be the investment deluxe for\nBritish Columbia.\nFur Trade.\nThe bulk of fur is still forwarded to Coastal fur-buyers.\nRegistration of Trap-lines.\nA great deal has been said in previous reports of suggested improvements.\nBasically the system is sound. report of provincial game commission, 1948. x 39\nRegistration of Guides.\nThe system of individual recorded areas put into operation in this Division mainly\non the radius principle received its first try-out during 1948. A few guides disliked\nthe idea of restricted areas but the majority approved. Several guiding outfits recorded\nareas for sheep over which they had conducted hunting-parties for years in addition\nto individual areas for moose-hunting, etc. The main idea behind the radius system\nwith the lodge as the centre of the area was to provide each guide or guide operating\nout of a ranch-house, lodge, or hunting-camp with an area over which they could\nconduct hunting operations without too much interference.\nUnfortunately, too many guides were operating on their own initiative and in\ncriss-cross fashion before the system of recorded areas was put into effect. This hurriedly arranged system met with the approval of 40 per cent, of the guides replying\nto our questionnaire, while 60 per cent, of the total received so far favoured the idea\nof a large block of territory over which guides could roam at will.\nAdditional replies may alter these percentages. There is a tendency to believe that\nthe 60 per cent, favouring the hunting in competition with others inside a large block\nof territory are mainly those without large investments, whereas those favouring the\nindividual areas where they have cut trails, built cabins, and improved conditions\ngenerally, prefer the individual hunting area with which they are so thoroughly\nfamiliar. The final idea or plan in mind would be to create individual areas within\na group registration, or if they so preferred, to hunt at large within a group boundary\nas previously explained.\nWhat suits one group of guides in one district would be quite unsuitable to another\ngroup in another area.\nThe radius principle of, say, 7 to 10 miles with the lodge as the centre of the\nhunting territory or the small area of 50 to 100 square miles would not be suitable in\nmountainous country where mountain-sheep range so far in small groups. Many nonresident hunters accustomed to having their favourite guides take them farther afield,\non impulse or by arrangement, did not agree with the system put into effect. The\nprinciple of recorded areas developed as a result of demand by guides and observers in\nthe field.\nThere are a great many rough edges to smooth out, but I am firmly convinced that\nwith a reduction in the number of guides in the field, the way will be left open for\na better system of development once the suggested changes take place.\nIn my opinion, those lodges and camps which are exclusively engaged in the business and which have large investments, should be the first to receive consideration.\nLodges could increase or decrease the number of guides to be hired from year to year,\nbased mainly on sane regulations governing maximum kill and available big-game\npopulations. Within five years we should have a system of recorded areas on a scale\ncomparable to that of trap-line registration. The big-game kill taken within reasonable limits is a crop to be gathered like that of fur or any other commodity. We can\nruin it by overdoing or mortgaging its future far beyond its normal capacity.\nSpecial Patrols.\nA special patrol was conducted by Inspector Robertson and Registered Guide R. H.\nChurch, of Big Creek, into the Big Creek-Porcupine Creek headwaters and through\nnumerous meadows en route to the Coast Range. In two days ninety moose were\ncounted on the meadows alone and most of these were bulls of substantial size. About\n80 per cent, to 90 per cent, of the huge meadows were overbrowsed and many of the\nmoose observed appeared to be feeding on slough-grass.\nAt the headwaters of Big Creek and where the valley narrows considerably, the\noverbrowsing was not so apparent.    Five bighorns were observed at the 8,000-foot X 40 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nlevel and traces of eight other sheep were seen. One hundred and fifty miles were\ncovered by saddle-horse on this patrol. The making of this patrol was necessary and\nwas only carried out after considerable delay. It was pointed out by Mr. Church two\nyears ago that the sheep population would be in jeopardy if a large increase in hunters\nwere to take place. This warning touched off a further investigation and a count was\nmade (see Mountain-sheep) of their numbers in their wintering-grounds during the\ntail-end of the hunting season. While the time for this survey was not ideal, a fairly\ndefinite count of 253 animals was made, of which forty were bighorns. This count\nwas made by two officers of this Department.\nA visit by Mr. Coldwell and Mr. Koster was made during the first part of February,\n1949, but, owing to severe winter cold, it was impossible to cover the entire Churn\nCreek basin system. H. W. Coldwell, registered guide, reported that only 1 foot of\nsnow covered the basins. The increased hunting-pressure and additional lodges under\nconstruction require a restrictive quota, otherwise the mistake of Bridge Lake and\nHorsefly areas where guides are far too numerous, may be repeated.\nA patrol was made by Game Warden Hillen and Constable E. Sarsiat to investigate a drowning in the Kluskus Lake country. Indians of the Kluskus Lake Band\nwere also interviewed regarding trap-line matters.\nHunting Accidents.\nNelson Walton, of Port Alberni, was shot in the lower part of the right leg by\nRobert Castle, of Vancouver, while both men were hunting in the vicinity of the Milk\nRanch, Clinton Detachment. This accident was reported at Cache Creek and Mr.\nWalton was driven on to Ashcroft Hospital.    This took place on November 4th, 1948.\nOn June 9th, 1948, Robert John Stinson Fraser, Canford, was accidentally killed\nwhen his rifle discharged in his face. He went out with the intention of going over\nthe irrigation system on the Fraser Ranch and also of shooting any groundhogs which\nhe might run across en route. It is possible he tripped over a root and dropped the\ngun, which discharged. The body was found about 8 a.m. on the morning of June\n10th, 1948.\nSummary and General Remarks.\nThe year just ended has been a remarkable one in that it was abnormal in many\nrespects. The destructive floods of 1948 will long be remembered. Disease among\nbig-game animals was reported, and in places heavy tick infestations were manifest.\nThese factors were responsible for destruction of many moose and other animals\nincluding live stock on many cattle ranges. The long severe winter, one of a series,\nnow apparently reaching a peak, had an unfavourable effect on game of all kinds.\nWater-fowl nested far to the south of their usual habitat due to the prolonged cold\nspell in the more northerly regions.\nGuides reported moose increasingly hard to find, and non-resident hunters did\nnot like paying for the extra delay in obtaining their trophies, apart from the increase\nin the trophy fee on moose south of the 56th parallel of north latitude. The general\npicture was not by any means a bright one and only lent force to the suggestion that\nwe should pause to consider the direction along which we should proceed.\nThe completion of the three-year survey on moose by James Hatter should be of\ninterest. The caribou herds require specialized study, and what effect, if any, the\nintrusion of moose is likely to have on future movements of caribou.\nCloser surveys of actual numbers of big game are important. This applies to\nmountain-sheep, particularly in areas where hunting lodges are increasing in numbers.\nI should like at this time to express my sincere appreciation for assistance rendered by the Forest Service under Colonel Parlow during the year. It was indeed a\ngreat pleasure to work with the employees of this Service and a great deal of very\nvaluable advice and help was rendered. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME  COMMISSION, 1948. X  41\nTo the Provincial Police under Inspector Mansell and the Public Works Department under Harry Pope, also to the Water Rights Branch with Arthur Hatton in charge,\nI would like to extend my thanks at this time, for the splendid co-operation rendered,\nwhich is gratefully acknowledged.\nReport of C. H. Robinson, Fishery Supervisor, covering\nSport Fisheries in \" C \" Game Division.\nI beg to submit herewith report covering a review of sport fisheries, etc., of \" C \"\nGame Division for the year ended 1948.\nThe late, cold spring, followed by prolonged heavy freshets, floods, and inclement\nweather, curtailed auto travel and angling throughout the Interior. The lull was a\nwelcome change and assisted conservation.\nThe recurrence of intermittent floods at the two major ova-collecting stations for\nLloyd's Creek and Penask Lake Hatcheries was disastrous, particularly when there is\nsuch urgent need for yearly replenishments of water so extensively fished by the ever-\nincreasing numbers of resident and non-resident anglers.\nCombined with the reconstruction of the Cariboo Highway and with restricted\nsupplies of trout eggs to meet all demands, the two factors amply demonstrate the\nnecessity for the construction of a fully modern trout hatchery at a suitable location\nin the Cariboo district. Otherwise it is doubtful if some of the already depleted waters\ncan be restored sufficiently to withstand the angling pressure foreseen after the\ncompletion of the highway.\nGenerally speaking, the extreme high water-levels of the various lakes were\nbeneficial toward angling and food conditions.\nKelowna District Waters.\nOkanagan Lake (North End).-\u2014Fly-fishing and trolling for Kamloops trout showed\nsome improvement, varying toward 25 lb. Some excellent specimens of trout were\ncaught during the winter months; approximately 90 per cent, had consumed kokanee.\nMoreover, a week-end angling competition sponsored by the organized anglers during\nthe month of August indicated a fair population of trout.\nProbably the liberations of trout fingerlings raised in the Kelowna Rearing-ponds\ncontributed toward the improvement, and with an augmented supply from the Summer-\nland Hatchery next spring, further fruitful results can be expected.\nBeaver Lake.\u2014Supplied the usual average good fly-fishing and trolling for Kamloops trout varying to 4 lb. throughout the season. In comparison to previous seasons,\nthe numbers of trout taken were less, due probably to poor weather conditions.\nAn approximate creel census kindly undertaken by the proprietor of Beaver Lake\nLodge, indicates a fairly consistent supply of rainbow trout the past three seasons\u2014\n1946, 15,000 from one-half to 3% lb.; 1947, 15,000 from one-half to 3y2 lb.; 1948, 8,000\nfrom one-half to 4 lb.\nSo far the raising of the water-levels of Beaver Lake an additional 5 feet for\nirrigation and domestic purposes has proven beneficial toward producing larger and\nbetter-conditioned fish.\nDee Lake Chain.\u2014Comprising a series of rather small lakes, provided the average\nfair fly-fishing and trolling for Kamloops trout varying to 9 lb. The lakes have yielded\nfairly consistent supplies of trout as indicated by an approximate creel census kindly\ntaken by the proprietor of the Dee Lake Fishing Resort the past three seasons\u20141946,\n8,583 trout, approximate weight, 12,874 lb.; 1947, 9,930 trout from one-half to 9 lb.;\n1948, 9,645 trout from one-half to 10y2 lb.\nOyama Lake.\u2014Continued to supply good fly-fishing and trolling for Kamloops trout\nvarying to 15 lb. for the resident and non-resident anglers. The lake is reached by\ntrail, six miles, which assists conservation. X 42 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nCaribou and Pear Lakes.\u2014Provided fair angling for Eastern Brook trout varying\nto 3 lb. The small common suckers which inhabit the lakes are a source of food for\nthe trout.\nWoods Lake.\u2014Yielded excellent catches of kokanee (silvers or sockeye) mostly\ntaken on baited multiple-lures. The fish varied from 1% to 2% lb., slightly smaller in\ncomparison to the season 1947. A partial creel census instituted indicated that at least\neighteen kokanee were taken to one Kamloops trout. However, it is possible the\nliberation of Kamloops-trout fingerlings in the lake has benefited Kalamalka Lake.\nBear Lake.\u2014This somewhat small lake of about 60 acres provided fair fly-fishing\nand trolling for Kamloops trout up to 3 lb. The extension of the logging-road, now\nwithin a short distance of the lake, may now necessitate artificial restocking.\nVernon District Waters.\nReports indicate that most important waters produced average catches of trout, an\nimprovement compared to season 1947.\nKalamalka (Long) Lake.\u2014This quite important lake supplied fair fly-fishing and\ntrolling for Kamloops trout, mostly under 5 lb., with an occasional fish to 15 lb. The\nreported improved catches during the season are probably attributable to the liberation\nof trout fingerling raised in the Kelowna Rearing-ponds. The proposed and continued\nreducing of the numbers of undesirable coarse or rough fish that frequent Woods and\nKalamalka Lakes will conserve and improve the trout food-supplies, etc.\nSwan Lake.\u2014During the spring and fall this productive lake yielded excellent\ncatches of Kamloops trout varying to 10 lb., mostly for the residents of Vernon. The\ncommenced yearly plantings of fry and the protection of the parent trout when spawning in the proposed closed portion of the lower reaches of B.X. Creek should bring\nfruitful results.\nSugar Lake.\u2014Throughout the season, average catches of Kamloops trout were\ntaken by fly and troll, mostly under 3 lb., with larger Dolly Varden trout.\nThe water storage and raising of the levels of the lake over some 2,000 acres of\ntimbered land for hydro-electric power during the winter months have increased surface\nand bottom feed for the trout. However, the floating debris from the water-killed\nbrush and timber is a detriment to angling privileges previously enjoyed by the public.\nEcho Lake (Creighton Valley).\u2014During the early part of the season this lake did\nnot yield the expected catches of Kamloops trout varying to 15 lb., but toward the fall\nthere was an improvement in the catches, mostly taken on the troll.\nThe proposed creation of artificial spawning-grounds in this landlocked lake, in an\nattempt to assist the parent trout to deposit their eggs and to improve the condition\nof the fish, is receiving further attention, with the co-operation of the local organized\nanglers.\nAberdeen and Haddo Lakes.\u2014The extreme wet weather and poor condition of the\nsecondary road leading to the Aberdeen Lake region curtailed angling in the several\nlakes well stocked with rather small rainbow trout.\nThe drawoff of water for irrigation from Haddo Lake caused a large number of\ntrout to leave the lake and congregate below the outlet storage dam, some of which were\nsalvaged and transferred by the organized sportsmen to Kalamalka and Edwin Lakes.\nShould the proposed relocation and construction of the secondary road materialize\nto the Aberdeen region for water storage and recreational purposes, a series of lakes\nwill be accessible for the interested angler and would relieve the fishing pressure on\nlocal waters.\nSalmon Arm District Waters.\nThe usual programme of fry and eyed-egg planting was cancelled owing to flood\ndamage at the source of supply. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948. X 43\nMabel Lake.\u2014A popular summer resort, supplied fair fly-fishing and trolling for\nKamloops trout mostly under 10 lb., including Dolly Varden and lake trout of larger\nsize. Exceptionally good fishing was enjoyed the season of 1947, when possibly the\nsalmon runs assisted with the improvement.\nMara Lake.\u2014In the early part of the season, good fly-fishing was available at the\nmouth of Shuswap River followed by fairly good trolling for Kamloops trout varying\nto 10 lb.\nGardom (Loon) Lake.\u2014The four experimental plantings of Eastern Brook-trout\nfry from the Nelson Hatchery, commencing in 1943 in this landlocked lake, appear\nsuccessful, with good specimens taken by troll up to 5 lb.\nShuswap Lake.\u2014The late, cold spring affected fishing generally, but later there\nwas an improvement in the vicinity of Salmon Arm and Sicamous where fair catches\nof Kamloops trout were taken by fly and troll, mostly under 10 lb.\nLittle River.\u2014Later in the season, average catches of rainbow trout were taken\non the fly. However, it is very doubtful if the supplies of trout can be maintained to\nsatisfy the patrons at the numerous summer and fishing resorts, and by auto travel,\nunless additional restrictions are placed on the daily catches, number in possession,\nand a weekly take-limit.\nPillar Lake.\u2014Throughout the season this lake yielded fairly consistent catches of\nKamloops trout by fly and troll mostly under 10 lb. and in excellent condition.\nThe construction of an earth control dam on the outlet of Pillar Lake by the\nPrairie Farms Rehabilitation Administration department in conjunction with the\nVeterans' Land Act to store 2V2 feet of water and to draw off 5 feet of water caused\nsome concern, but with the necessary provisions made to care for the trout, it is\npossible the flooded area will assist the food supplies that may be affected by the\nlowering of the natural levels of the lake 2% feet.\nSpa, Arthur, and Bolean Lakes.\u2014Since the private logging-road was constructed,\nangling has increased, and it may be necessary to restock Spa and Arthur Lakes.\nKamloops District Waters.\nInclement weather aided conservation during the first part of the season with fewer\npeople fishing.\nPaul and Pinantan Lakes.\u2014Continued to yield fair catches of Kamloops trout,\nmostly under 4 lb., by fly and troll, for the increasing number of anglers. Reports\nindicate that the larger trout are now consuming the dace shiner, which, unfortunately,\nentered Pinantan Lake several years ago from waters planted unofficially with dace.\nLa Jeune Lake.\u2014This general utility lake supplied good fly-fishing and trolling for\nKamloops trout varying to 3y2 lb. With carefully gauged plantings of fry, the trout\nhave increased in size.\nTunkwa and Leighton Lakes.\u2014Reports indicated that these productive lakes failed\nto yield the catches of Kamloops trout as enjoyed in the past. It was suspected that\nwinter-kill was the cause of depletion, although a few trout were observed and caught\nafter an investigation to be completed next spring.\nKnouff Lake.\u2014Continued to produce fair catches of Kamloops trout in good condition, by fly and troll, mostly under 5 lb. High water restricted ova collections at the\ninlet and outlet creeks.\nBarriere Lakes, North and East.\u2014Supplied fair fly-fishing and trolling for Kamloops trout, mostly under 7 lb. Water is stored in both lakes for hydro-electric power\ndevelopment for the City of Kamloops.\nSurrey and Sussex Lakes.\u2014Continued to provide fair fly-fishing and trolling for\nKamloops trout varying to 10 lb. The supply has been maintained principally from\nnatural spawning. It is necessary to walk 4 miles to reach Surrey Lake, which tends\nto conserve the supply of trout. X 44 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nPeterhope Lake.\u2014One of the outstanding fishing-lakes of the district; supplied\nfair fly-fishing and trolling for Kamloops trout during the spring and fall, varying\nmostly under 5 lb. The lake is heavily fished by resident and non-resident anglers,\nbeing accessible by auto travel.\nMerritt District Waters.\nAs only a small percentage of Kamloops-trout eggs were collected at Penask Lake,\nit became necessary to defer most of the proposed fry and eyed-egg plantings.\nNicola Lake.\u2014Located adjacent to the Merritt-Kamloops Highway. Provided\nsome fly-fishing and fairly good trolling for Kamloops trout, mostly under 5 lb. Also\nsome kokanee are taken on baited lures. The lake is subject to wind-storms which\ncurtail fishing.\nGlimpse Lake.\u2014This productive lake does not supply such large Kamloops trout as\nin former years although fly-fishing and trolling remained good for trout, mostly under\n5 lb.\nMamit Lake.\u2014Supplied fair catches of Kamloops trout, mostly by troll during the\nspring, varying to 3 lb. Floating algas and other marginal matter with sluggish water\nconditions restrict angling later in the season, also the trout are not very palatable for\ndomestic use.\nDavis, Boss, and Trout Lakes.\u2014Provided fair fly-fishing and trolling for Kamloops\ntrout up to 3 lb. The lakes are accessible to auto travel, and with limited spawning-\nareas, restocking is necessary.\nMurray Lake.\u2014Provided some fair fly-fishing and trolling for Kamloops trout up\nto 15 lb. The lake is reached by an easy grade trail 3 miles from the Canadian Pacific\nRailway's track.\nAndy or Brookes Lakes.\u2014The Kamloops remain plentiful and more fishing in the\nupper lake would improve the condition of the trout.\nCoquihalla Lakes.\u2014Average catches of Kamloops trout were taken on fly and troll,\nvarying to 2 lb.\nLillooet District Waters.\nExtreme high water in most lakes and travelling conditions reduced angling the\nearly part of the season. No plantings of eyed eggs and fry were effected in waters\nof the district.\nPavilion Lake.\u2014Surrounded with ideal scenic conditions, provided some fly-fishing\nand good trolling for Kamloops trout varying to 15 lb. The water-levels of the lake\nremained exceptionally high throughout the season due to storage and controlled flow\nat the outlet dam. The new concrete and earth dam used for water storage and\nirrigation was equipped with panel lumber screens to prevent the parent spawning-\ntrout entering the outlet creek to become stranded and molested.\nCrown and Turquoise Lakes.\u2014Remained very high throughout the season, although\nfair catches of Kamloops were taken by fly and troll, mostly under 2 lb.\nKwotlenemo (Fountain) Lake.\u2014Was well patronized by non-resident anglers, and\ngood catches of Kamloops trout were taken by fly and troll, up to 3 lb. With good\nspawning-grounds natural reproduction has provided a reasonable supply of trout.\nSeton Lake.\u2014Supplied good trolling throughout the season for Kamloops trout up\nto 20 lb. and Dolly Varden up to 22 lb. The lake is noted for salmon runs but with\nthe increased amount of angling, it now appears advisable to stock the lake.\nAlta Lake.\u2014Supplied ,fairly good fly-fishing and trolling for a large number of\nanglers for Kamloops trout up to 2 lb.; also, kokanee (redfish) are taken on baited\nlures, etc.\nClinton District Waters.\nUnsettled weather and condition of secondary roads restricted angling and tended\nto conserve the supply of trout. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME  COMMISSION, 1948. X 45\nKelly Lake.\u2014Accessible to auto travel, supplied average fly-fishing and trolling\nfor Kamloops trout varying to 6 lb.\nCanim Lake.\u2014From reports, apparently, this large lake did not yield the desired\ncatches,of Kamloops trout. With the increase of resident and non-resident anglers\nand summer camps and fishing resorts, yearly replenishment is necessary; also, the\neffectiveness of eyed-egg plantings should receive attention.\nWatch Lake.\u2014Angling and trolling for Kamloops trout, mostly under 5 lb., was\nfar below the average. Weather conditions possibly made some difference but with\nthe continual use of some thirty-two boats on the lake from four-fishing and hunting\nlodges, increased plantings of eyed eggs are essential.\nBridge Lake.\u2014Provided fair catches of Kamloops trout, mostly under 5 lb., with\nlake trout up to 25 lb., mostly taken on lures. There seems to be some doubt as to the\nsuccess of eyed-egg plantings due to the presence of predatory fish over the planting\nareas when the fry emerge from the gravel, which is receiving further attention.\nCrystal Lake adjacent supplied fair fishing for the numerous anglers.\nEagen Lake.\u2014Almost impassable roads leading to the lake during the spring and\nearly summer reduced angling to the minimum. Later, average catches of Kamloops\ntrout were taken by troll, varying to 7 lb. Natural reproduction has so far maintained\nthe supply of trout. ;\nMachete Lake.\u2014Road conditions did not induce many anglers to fish the lake the\nearly part of the season when the trout are fairly plentiful, varying to 3 lb. in weight.\nDue attention was given to the outlet storage dam to permit the return of a quite large\nnumber of trout to the lake.\nHorse Lake.\u2014Did not produce the desired number of Kamloops trout of 5 lb. and\nunder. With the establishment of several hunting and fishing lodges around the lake\nthere is a heavy drain on the trout supplies, thus making it essential to restock yearly.\nWilliams Lake District Waters.\nDuring the spring and summer the secondary roads leading to the various lakes\nwere almost impassable, which reduced angling and aided conservation.\nDempsey Lake.\u2014Provided fair trolling for Kamloops trout up to 3 lb. A partial\ninvestigation was made with regard to the parent trout spawning in the outlet creek\nand their return to the lake.\nTimothy Lake.\u2014Continued to yield fairly good catches of Kamloops trout taken\nby fly and troll, mostly under 3 lb. Natural reproduction in the inlet creek has so far\nmaintained the supply of trout, but, with the increase of camping facilities and\ntourists, replenishment may become necessary.\nSpout Lake.\u2014The condition of the road leading to the lake prevented angling until\nthe early fall when good catches of Kamloops trout were taken by troll, mostly under\n5 1b.\nThe improvements undertaken by the proprietor of the hunting and fishing lodge\nto ensure a steady water-flow in the outlet creek during the early fall to enable the\nfingerlings from natural spawning to return to the lake gave gratifying results.\nLac la Hache.\u2014Located adjacent to the Cariboo Highway supplied a limited number of Kamloops trout mostly under 3 lb., with the usual catches of Dolly Varden and\nlake trout varying to 20 lb. Apparently the kokanee surpass the other species of trout\nand furnish fairly consistent angling throughout the season; average weight is one-\nhalf lb., for the numerous patrons of four camps adjacent to the lake.\nRose Lake.\u2014This quite important lake failed to supply the number of trout varying to 7 lb. as in former years. With restricted suitable spawning-areas and possible\nloss of parent trout, restocking is essential, with specially prepared planting-beds in\nthe inlet creek if eyed eggs are used. X 46 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nWilliams Lake.\u2014Supplied fair trolling for Kamloops trout during the spring and\nfall, varying to 3 lb. The lake is quite important from a recreational standpoint for\nthe local residents, and with limited spawning-facilities and possible molestation of the\nparent trout, yearly restocking is imperative.\nQuesnel District Waters.\nBouchie (Six Mile) Lake.\u2014Kamloops trout continue to be plentiful in this lake\nwith limit catches taken by fly and troll averaging 1 lb. During the extreme hot\nweather the trout lose their firm condition.\nMilburn (Nine Mile) Lake.\u2014Provided fairly good fly-fishing and trolling for\nKamloops trout, mostly less than 5 lb., for the residents of Quesnel.\nPuntchesakut Lake.\u2014Supplied good fly-fishing and trolling for Kamloops trout,\nvarying to 4 lb.   Suitable accommodation and boats are available.\nPuntataenkut (Tibbies) Lake.\u2014Trolling for Kamloops trout remained fairly good\nthroughout the season with excellent fly-fishing during the fall, trout vary to 3 lb.\nin weight.\nTzenzaicut (Fish) Lake.\u2014Is reached by trail 15 miles from secondary road. The\nKamloops trout are plentiful up to 4 lb. and supply good fly-fishing and some trolling\nthroughout the season.\nGenevieve, Anderson, Fish, and other Small Lakes.\u2014Are reached by trail and\nsaddle-horse, where good fly-fishing is available for Kamloops trout varying to 4 lb.\nWells District Waters.\nBowron Lake.\u2014The Kamloops and Dolly Varden trout continued to be fairly plentiful, varying to 9 lb. and taken by fly and troll. Kokanee are plentiful, with excellent\nruns during the month of June.\nSwan Lake.\u2014Provided fair fishing for rainbow and Dolly Varden trout throughout the season, varying to 9 lb.\nIsaac Lake.\u2014Supplied good fishing for Kamloops and Dolly Varden trout up to\n16 lb.    The kokanee are plentiful, with exceptionally good runs toward the late fall.\nSpectacle, Indian Point, and Kruger Lakes.\u2014Supplied good fishing for Kamloops\nand Dolly Varden trout during the season, varying to 10 lb.\nSummary of Hatchery Operations, 1948.\nBeaver Lake Hatchery (Seasonal Operations).\u2014Kamloops (rainbow) collected\nfrom:\u2014\nBuckhorn (Echo) Creek  2,012,500\nColdwater Creek _      424,000\nCrooked Lake outlet       140,000\nOyama Lake outlet     512,500\nAlex Mountain      212,000\nTotal collection  3,389,000\nIn comparison to season 1947:\u2014\nBuckhorn (Echo) Creek  2,194,000\nColdwater   Creek      238,000\nCrooked Lake outlet       108,000\nOyama Lake outlet      470,000\nAlex Mountain  J.     291,000\nTotal collection  3,301,500 REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948. X 47\nLloyds Creek Hatchery  (Seasonal  Operations).\u2014Kamloops-trout  eggs collected\nfrom:\u2014\nPaul Lake      352,500\nPinantan Lake        72,500\nKnouff Lake        75,000\nTotal collection     500,000\nEyed eggs received from Beaver Lake Hatchery      710,200\nDistributed to four hatcheries and one planting-... 1,210,200\nIn comparison to season 1947 collections:\u2014\u25a0\nPaul Lake   1,350,000\nPinantan Lake      220,000\nKnouff Lake       805,000\nTotal collection  2,375,000\nEyed eggs received:\u2014\nPenask Hatchery     1,000,000\nBeaver Lake Hatchery       700,000\nTotal eggs  4,075,000\nPenask Lake Hatchery (Seasonal Operations).\u2014Three hundred and twenty thousand Kamloops (rainbow) trout eggs were collected from Penask Creek.   Resultant eyed\neggs were shipped to Cultus and Nelson Hatcheries and one lake planted.\nIn comparison to season 1947:\u2014\nPenask Creek   3,280,000\nSpohomin Creek      220,000\nTotal collection of eggs   3,500,000\nKokanee (Redfish Silver Trout).\u2014Primarily serve as a forage fish, and in an effort\nto restore the runs affected by irrigation, etc., the following waters were planted with\neyed eggs from the Nelson Hatchery:\u2014\nOkanagan Lake, Deep Creek     50,000\nTrepanier Creek      50,000\nMission Creek   100,000\nMill Creek      25,000\nShuswap Lake, Palmer Creek  100,000\nBarriere Lake (East)   100,000\nBarriere Lake (North)   100,000\nCanim Lake, Bridge Creek  100,000\nLac la Hache, Forbes Creek  100,000\nTotal eyed eggs  725,000\nSummary of Rearing-ponds.\nKelowna Semi-natural Rearing-ponds.\u2014The Departmental ponds were operated\nfairly successfully with practically no expense except the enlargement of No. 3 pond,\nthe costs of which will be amply repaid over a period of years. Generally, the mortality of fry and fingerlings in ponds of this kind is higher than in artificially controlled\nponds, which to some extent is counterbalanced by costs of operation. X 48 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nAllotted to ponds in 1947 season:   Eyed eggs, 450,000;   fry, 95,000.    Resultant\nKamloops-trout fingerlings raised and liberated in April, 1948:\u2014\nFingerlings. Weight Count.\nOkanagan Lake   10,420 300 to lib.\nWoods Lake   12,400 200 to 1 lb.\nKalamalka Lake      4,200 200 to 1 lb.\nSkaha Lake    4,000 125 to 1 lb.\nTotal distributions    31,020\nKamloops-trout fry liberated in ponds in July, 1948, for subsequent release as\nfingerlings in April, 1949:\u2014 Fry.\nPot Hole A  100,000\nPond No. 2  100,000\nPond No. 3  242,200\nTotal   442,200\nVernon Semi-natural Rearing-pond.\u2014April 2nd, 1948. By a joint arrangement\nwith the Vernon City Council and Rotarians, the organized sportsmen of Vernon took\nover the partly completed pond situated in the Rotary Park of the approximate dimensions: Width from 60 to 80 feet; length, 330 feet; depth of inlet 3 feet, outlet 4 feet.\nWater-supply fed by seepage and springs and by flume from No. 2 feed-pond. Water\ntemperatures, June 26th, 1948, at 5 p.m., 62\u00b0, outlet 63\u00b0, abundant supply. Water-\nlevels controlled by a double-screened concrete dam with draining and counting sump,\netc. Approximate dimensions of No. 1 feed-pond: 40 by 330 feet; No. 2 pond, 60 by\n330 feet.\nExperimental allotment of 60,000 Kamloops-trout fry from Beaver Lake Hatchery\nreleased in pond, July, 1948, for subsequent release as fingerlings in May, 1949.\nSalvage and Transfer of Trout.\nPavilion Lake.\u2014October 19th, 120 stranded Kamloops trout from 6 to 30 inches\nin length weighing from 4 oz. to 5 lb. were salvaged from the outlet creek below the\ndam and returned to the lake in good condition.\nEdwin and Kalamalka Lakes.\u2014During the month of August the organized sportsmen of Vernon, under special permission, salvaged approximately 1,000 stranded\nrainbow trout fingerlings and parent fish from 4 to 12 inches in length from the outlet\ncreek and below the dam at Haddo Lake. Eight hundred were transferred and liberated\nin Edwin Lake (barren of fish-life), four miles below Haddo Lake, and 200 transferred\nand liberated in Kalamalka Lake.\nNicklin Lake.\u2014The interested residents salvaged approximately 5,000 stranded\nrainbow-trout fingerlings and parent fish from Nicklin Creek below the dam and\nreturned them to the lake.\nDestruction of Coarse Fish.\nProlonged high water and flood conditions made it necessary to cancel almost all\noperations to reduce the numbers of undesirable fish throughout the district, except\nthose referred to.\nOkanagan Lake.\u2014Otter Creek Trap. During the early part of the run a limited\nnumber of carp were removed from the trap by the Indians, then extreme heavy freshets\nwith floating debris compelled partial removal of the interception equipment.\nWoods and Kalamalka Lakes.\u2014Unusual water-levels in the connecting channel\nprevented the use of temporary portable trap similarly as during the season of 1947\nwhen the following fish were taken:   Carp, 10,850 lb.;   squawfish, 250 lb.;   suckers, REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948. X 49\n900 lb.;  total, 12,000 lb.   Also, approximately 10,000 lb. of carp, squawfish, and suckers\nwere taken in the Woods Creek Trap and by other methods.\nThompson River (West of Kamloops).\u2014Reports indicated that hundreds of thousands of carp were naturally trapped and perished in a fluctuating water area adjacent\nto the river. Also it is expected that during the season of 1949 greater numbers of\ncarp will be destroyed at a different location but under similar conditions.\nFish Barriers and Screens.\nFor conservation measures, screens, panel fences, and barriers were used effectively\nwith new and changed screens at the inlet and outlet of Pillar Lake, outlet of Pavilion\nLake, and barrier on B.X. Creek.\nBeaver Lake.\u2014Has three-way lumber panel screens at the concrete controlled outlet, and portable panel screens at the earth spillway to prevent the loss of parent trout,\nwhen necessary.\nOyama Lake Outlet.\u2014Screened to prevent the loss of spawning trout.\nColdstream Creek.\u2014Fish barrier situated about 2% miles upstream to prevent\nspawning trout, etc., from entering irrigation systems. (Barrier needs partial replacement next spring.)\nB.X. Creek, Swan Lake.\u2014To check the upstream movement of spawning trout\nbeyond a certain point a barrier was constructed, but owing to flash-flood waters the\nstructure was washed out. With the co-operation of the organized sportsmen of Vernon,\nthe barrier will be replaced.\nPaul Lake. \u2014 The controlled outlet for irrigation has a four-way %-inch-mesh\nmetal screen. Also the inlet creek has a fine mesh screening arrangement in an attempt\nto prevent dace shiners from entering the lake.\nKnouff Lake Outlet.\u2014Lumber picket fence to prevent the loss of spawning trout.\nMonte Lake.\u2014At present time no barrier exists on the inlet creek nor at the outlet\ncreek to prevent losses of parent trout and their progeny (to be investigated).\nObstructions.\nPillar Lake.\u2014The new earth dam. and concrete outlet with a 24-inch diameter\nconcrete pipe is equipped with ^-inch-mesh metal screens, sides 3 feet 2 inches by\n5 feet 3 inches by 8 inches, together with suitable lumber barrier in the water-supply\nchannel connected to Chase Creek to prevent the losses of parent trout, etc.\nPavilion Lake Outlet.\u2014The reconstructed earth dam with control gate and 24-inch\noutlet concrete pipe is effectively screened with lumber panels and trash rack, 4 feet by\n4 feet 6 inches in each case, openings spaced apart three-quarters of an inch, etc.\nBridge Creek and Horse Lake Falls.\u2014This natural barrier is located near the\n100-Mile House, Cariboo Highway. The feasibility of constructing a fishway at the\nfalls to permit the up-stream migration of trout, as recommended by the organized\nsportsmen, is receiving further attention.\nInvestigations, 1948.\nIn addition to ordinary routine matters, the following investigations were carried\nout:\u2014\nApril 2nd.\u2014The improvement and operation of a semi-natural rearing-pond in the\nRotary Park, Vernon. By the organized sportsmen, satisfactory arrangements made\nwith the Rotarians and City Council.\nApril 2nd.\u2014For conservation, the construction of a fish barrier on B.X. Creek\nflowing into Swan Lake. Action taken with the co-operation of organized sportsmen,\nVernon.\nJune 28th.\u2014Possible collection of 1,000,000 rainbow-trout eggs at Ideal Lake\n(Belgo Dam).   Held in abeyance. X 50 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nAugust 6th.\u2014Suggested creation of artificial spawning-beds in Echo Lake, Creigh-\nton Valley, to accommodate the parent Kamloops trout.   To receive further attention.\nAugust 8th.\u2014For conservation, to salvage and transfer stranded trout below dam\nat outlet of Haddo Lake.   Action taken by the organized sportsmen, Vernon.\nAugust 12th, Pillar Lake.\u2014Water storage, dam, screens, diversion channel, and\nbarrier.   Satisfactory arrangements made.\nAugust ISth, Pavilion Lake.-\u2014For conservation, panel screens in water-storage\ndam on the outlet of lake.   Work completed.\nAugust 14th, Watch Lake.\u2014For conservation, installing, and operating panel\nscreens in outlet creek.   Attended to.\nAugust 14th, Little Horse Lake.\u2014Considered unsuitable for trout.   Concluded.\nAugust 16th, Eagan Lake.\u2014The possible establishment of a semi-private hatchery\nto assist with the replenishment of lakes in that vicinity with trout. Additional data\nrequired.\nAugust 17th, Sharpe Lake.\u2014The potential spawning-runs of Kamloops trout in the\ninlet and outlet creeks.   For further investigation next spring.\nAugust 17th, Machete Lake.\u2014Water storage, dam, and fishway. Temporary action\ntaken to allow trout to return to lake.\nAugust 18th, Halfmoon Lake.\u2014Suggested dam to conserve trout in connecting\ncreek of Crystal Lake.   Receiving attention.\nAugust 18th, Bridge Lake.\u2014Future planting of trout eyed eggs, re predatory fish\nand planting areas.   To receive further attention.\nAugust 19th, Bridge Creek.\u2014Possible construction of a fishway at Horse Lake\nFalls to permit up-stream migration of Kamloops trout. Additional data required next\nspring.\nAugust 19th, Spout Lake.\u2014The construction of an earth dam on the outlet creek\nof lake, for conservation measures.   Receiving attention.\nAugust 20th, Dempsey Lake and 111-Mile Creek.\u2014Feasibility of equipping two\ndiversion dams with fishways and storage-dam outlet of lake. Necessary to ascertain\nspawning-habits of trout next spring.\nAugust 21st, Lac la Hache.\u2014Kokanee-fishing and future supplies, etc.\nAugust 22nd, Canim Lake.\u2014Additional plantings of kokanee eggs and trout-fishing\ngenerally.\nOctober 20th, 21st.\u2014Kokanee spawning-runs north end of Okanagan Lake completed.\nNovember 20th, Bear Creek, Kelowna, and Rose Valley.\u2014Irrigation project to be\ncompleted next spring.\nNovember 21st, Swan Lake and B.X. Creek.\u2014Proposed closures and creek channel\nimprovements partially attended to.\nDiseases.\nReports and observations indicated no serious losses of trout except suspected\nwinter-kill at Tunkwa-Leighton Lakes.\nIn order to pursue an efficient programme of replenishment and to maintain the\ntrout population in large lakes inhabited with predatory fish, etc., the raising of\nfingerlings is strongly recommended. Otherwise it is very doubtful if the planting of\neyed eggs and fry will suffice to meet with the terrific increasing angling-pressure.\nThe interest and kind co-operation received from the organized and individual\nsportsmen, Fishery Officers, and Game Wardens is herewith gratefully acknowledged. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME  COMMISSION, 1948. X  51\n\"D\" DIVISION  (ATLIN, SKEENA, OMINECA, PRINCE RUPERT, FORT\nGEORGE, PEACE RIVER, AND YUKON BOUNDARY DISTRICTS).\nBy W. A. H. Gill, Officer Commanding.\nBig-game Animals.\nMoose.\u2014There was a great increase in the number of non-resident hunters in this\narea. A great deal of this was due to the mild weather which did not bring the moose\ninto the Cariboo as early as usual, and therefore the hunters moved north.\nThere is a decrease in the moose population in this whole Division. This may be\ndue to the southward migration. No doubt the increase in the wolf population and the\ntapeworm and wood-tick menace also are heavy contributors. This decrease in population is especially noticeable around the Ootsa and Burns Lake area where they were\ntoo plentiful last year. It is reported that moose are moving westward around Terrace\nand towards Prince Rupert.   However, this is not to any great extent.\nDeer.\u2014Deer are very scarce throughout most of this Division, except around\nPrince Rupert where they are slowly increasing. On the Queen Charlotte Islands\nwhere the season is open the whole year they are still plentiful, although they have\nbeen heavily hunted and still are suffering from disease. A slight increase in the deer\npopulation is reported in the Cassiar district. This is believed due to the decrease in\nthe number of moose as this same situation is reported in different areas. There is\nalso reported an increase of deer in the Pouce Coupe Detachment area.\nCaribou.\u2014Caribou in the Tweedsmuir Park area are reported to be holding their\nown, but do not seem to be increasing as they should. This is reported to be due to the\nheavy toll taken by wolves as the number taken by hunters during the last ten years\nis insignificant.   A herd of 150 is reported as ranging in the Germansen Lake area.\nOnly six caribou have been reported seen by hunters and guides in the Smithers\narea. A very slight increase has been reported in the Sheep Creek area near McBride.\nFrom reports received, it would appear that in the overall picture as far as caribou are\nconcerned, the wolf is the greatest menace, not the hunters, as there are very few of\nthese animals taken by hunters.\nI would strongly recommend that the numbers of these animals be checked during\nthe month of February, when they can be easily observed by aircraft, as they are\nfound on the open hills at this time of year.\nSheep.\u2014They are reported to be decreasing in the Cassiar district only. Throughout the remainder of the Division they are reported to be holding their own.\nElk.\u2014These animals are reported increasing on the Queen Charlotte Islands group.\nWardens have been asked to make full inquiries into the elk situation, and as soon as\nthis information is received, a separate report will be submitted regarding their\nfindings.\nMountain-goat.\u2014These animals seem to be fairly plentiful throughout the whole\nDivision. The Guides' Association at Fort St. John recently voted in favour of only\none goat being allowed each hunter in that area as they feel these animals are not as\nplentiful as they should be.\nGrizzly Bear.\u2014These animals appear to be holding their own; there are not a\ngreat number taken by sportsmen.\nBlack and Brown Bear.\u2014These are very plentiful through the whole of the Division\nin spite of the year-round open season.\nFUR-BEARING ANIMALS.\nMarten.\u2014These fur-bearers are reported to be very scarce in the Lower Post,\nAtlin, Telegraph Creek, Prince George, and Pouce Coupe areas, but are reported\nplentiful at Smithers, Burns Lake, and Fort Nelson areas. This, I feel, is due to the\nunusual winter, as these animals are believed to have moved from their usual haunts. X 52 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nBeaver.\u2014These are reported as showing a large increase and are now found in a\ngreat number of areas where they have not been observed for a great many years.\nWhile flying over the northern part of the Province, it is nearly impossible to find\na stream or lake where beaver are not present. This, no doubt, is due to the trappers\nwho are now realizing it is profitable to conserve these animals.\nFox.\u2014Fox are believed to be on a slight increase, but to no great extent. As the\npelts of these animals are nearly valueless, trappers are not taking them in any great\nnumbers.\nMink.\u2014Mink are reported very plentiful in the Prince Rupert and Vanderhoof\nareas.   In the remainder of the Division there is no change.\nFisher.\u2014Fisher are definitely on the increase in the southern portion of this\nDivision.\nAll other fur-bearers are reported to be holding their own.\nUpland Game Birds.\nPheasants.\u2014This fall, forty-eight pheasants were released at Vanderhoof. Farmers in the area are very interested in these birds and are co-operating fully by assisting\nin feeding them during this winter, which has been exceptionally severe. The whereabouts of eight of these birds is known, and they appear to be in good condition.\nCoyotes are believed to have destroyed a large number of the pheasants as the birds\nseemed to have no fear of dogs. Four are known to have been killed by farmers' dogs.\nIf any of these birds survive, there is every reason to believe they will increase, as this\nhas been the severest winter in a great many years\u2014both for cold and crusted snow\u2014in\nthe Vanderhoof area. They are reported to be surviving at Fort St. John and Dawson\nCreek this winter.\nGrouse.\u2014These birds are on the increase in all Detachments except Lower Post\nand Prince Rupert.\nMigratory Game Birds.\nThere is a noticeable increase of geese over past years, and in most areas where the\nducks stop en route south, an increase is reported over the past three years.\nVermin.\nTimber-wolves.\u2014Timber-wolves are reported on the increase in Fort Nelson, Fort\nSt. John, Pouce Coupe, Fort George, Burns Lake, Vanderhoof, McBride, and Bella Coola\nareas.\nCougar.\u2014Cougar are steadily moving north and are reported on the increase in\nthe Fort George, Burns Lake, Cassiar, Bella Coola, and Princess Royal Islands areas.\nCoyotes.\u2014Coyotes are plentiful in the Vanderhoof and Burns Lake areas.\nIt is felt that full-time predatory-animal hunters should be stationed at Prince\nGeorge, Vanderhoof, and Burns Lake, and that seasonal hunters should be employed\nfor the winter months at Smithers, Fort St. John, and Bella Coola, and that, as these\nmen prove their worth, they should be employed as permanent employees in order to\ncut down the present wolf menace.\nRavens.\u2014Ravens are on the increase throughout most of the Division, but it is\nfelt that these birds can be held to satisfactory numbers by Wardens and predatory-\nanimal hunters.\nMagpies.\u2014Magpies have been reported at Lower Post for the first time, and are\nincreasing at Pouce Coupe and Dawson Creek.\nAll other noxious birds are reported at normal numbers, except eagles, which are\nreported on the increase along the coast. report of provincial game commission, 1948. x 53\nGame-protection.\nSeveral more Wardens and predatory-animal hunters are required very urgently\nin this Division. The Wardens have far too much country to patrol, and are badly\nhandicapped with office duties where such large areas have to be covered.\nI feel that new men should be posted at Headquarters for at least one season\nbefore being posted out to Detachments. They would be better fitted for their duties\nand could be sent out to relieve at Detachments during a heavy influx of hunters in\nany area. This would necessitate two extra men being posted at Divisional Headquarters where there would be a chance for them to be trained, and at the same time\nthey would be used on the new Hart Highway and around the large number of logging-\ncamps, which employ a great number of non-residents who have no regard for our\ngame laws.\nGame Propagation.\nPheasants were released at Vanderhoof, Fort St. John, and Dawson Creek, and\nfrom reports received, some of these birds have survived and are in good condition.\nGame Reserves.\nThere are three game reserves in this area and one bird sanctuary. The Nechako\nBird Sanctuary and the Kaien Island Game Reserve are the only two that give any\nprotection to game as the other reserves are more for protection of the public. The\nNechako Bird Sanctuary is a great help to the geese as they land there in large\nnumbers and are increasing each year.\nFur Trade.\nThere are approximately the same number of fur-traders as in the past two years.\nThere was a very small catch of fur this year due to low prices and the high wages\nbeing paid for other work.\nRegistration of Trap-lines.\nThis is the hardest duty of Game Wardens as it ties them in the office for too\nmuch time when they should be out on patrol duty. Maps of this area are incorrect\nand it is impossible to transfer lines on the newer maps unless the previous registrations are partly disregarded. This necessitates the interviewing of all trappers several\ntimes to clear up their boundaries, as in a great number of cases the maps are too\ninaccurate for the trapper himself to locate his boundary.\nRegistration of Guides.\nThe new registration is working out very well. Some confusion arose, but this is\ngradually being cleared up, and if the number of new guides and assistant guides is\nheld down to a minimum, the present system will be most satisfactory.\nSpecial Patrols.\nOnly one special patrol was carried out, and this was from Fort Nelson to Fort\nLaird, N.W.T., by plane, a distance of 280 miles, to check fur-books of traders buying\nBritish Columbia fur, and to collect unused beaver seals and records.\nHunting Accidents.\nI am sorry to report that there were three hunting accidents in this Division\nduring 1948, and all three were fatal.\nJoseph Gordon Holdcroft, age 19 years, of McBride, was accidentally shot in the\nback of the head with a .410 shotgun by Bobby S. McDonald, of McBride, while hunting\nducks on September 27th, 1948, at Horseshoe Lake at McBride. X  54 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nWilliam Seinner, of Houston, forest patrolman, was accidentally shot in the back\nof left leg below the knee by William Vanderweil, of Houston, on October 6th, 1948,\nnear Houston on return from timber cruise. He was taken to Smithers Hospital, but\ndied after undergoing an operation in which the leg was amputated.\nBennette Oakley Weaver, of Vanderhoof, was accidentally shot and killed by\nFrederick Mark Childs, of Vanderhoof, in mistake for a wounded moose on December\n19th, 1948.\nGame-fish Culture.\nNo trout eggs were available for planting in this Division during 1948 due to\nflooding at hatcheries in the Kamloops area. In small creeks flowing into Cluculz Lake,\n50,000 eyed kokanee eggs were planted.\nSummary and General Remarks on Game and Fish.\nA great increase of non-resident hunters took place throughout this Division in\n1948, and a greater number of big-game animals were taken, but all guides reported\nmore hunting time was necessary owing to there being a decrease in the big game,\nespecially moose and deer.\nThe wolf situation is very grave and there is no doubt the bounty system will not\ncontrol these predators. There should be at least three permanent and four part-time\npredatory-animal hunters in this Division immediately, if we wish to stop the wide\nkilling of game animals by these predators.\nThere are very few moose left in the northern part of this Division, and there\nis a marked decline in the whole Division, although in Burns Lake and Vanderhoof\nareas they are still fairly plentiful. A great number of moose are found to be heavily\ninfected with tapeworms.\nThere is a marked increase in the grouse population, and it is felt that an open\nseason on these birds is in order.\nI wish to thank all Wardens, office staff, and British Columbia Police Officers for\ntheir very fine co-operation, and hope we will soon be in a position to have more\nassistance for them.\n\" E \" DIVISION   (MAINLAND COAST NORTH TO TOBA INLET AND\nLOWER MAINLAND AS FAR INLAND AS NORTH BEND).\nBy R. E. Allan, Officer Commanding.\nI beg to submit herewith an annual report covering game conditions in \" E \"\nDivision for the year ended December 31st, 1948.\nBig Game.\nDeer (Coast or Columbian).\u2014Considering the division as a whole, deer appear to\nbe holding their own. True, in some areas where browsing is either poor or nonexistent, they are scarce. That territory on the Mainland from North Vancouver to\nSquamish is an example of such an area. In other areas, particularly Pitt Meadows\nand Cloverdale, deer are reported to have increased during the past year. In the\nvicinity of Sturgeon Slough alone, Game Warden Frank Urquhart, of Port Coquitlam,\nreports twenty deer were taken during the recent open season.\nMountain-goat.\u2014These animals in several areas of the Coquitlam, Mission-Chilli-\nwack, and Powell River Districts are fairly plentiful. A sportsman who is both willing\nand able to do strenuous climbing on foot can readily obtain his bag-limit of these\nanimals. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948. X 55\nBear (Black and Grizzly).\u2014Black bear are common throughout the division and in\nsettled areas are continuing to be a nuisance. Isolated reports of grizzly bears were\nreceived.\nWapiti (Elk).\u2014Reports indicate that these animals, planted in the McNab Creek\narea of Howe Sound, have reached their saturation point in so far as the available supply\nof food. The herd, estimated to be between thirty and forty animals, has not increased\nover the past several years. This would indicate that a certain amount of controlled\nhunting of these animals should be allowed.\nFUR-BEARING ANIMALS.\nMuskrats.\u2014Are to be found in plentiful supply throughout the Fraser Valley.\nRestrictions on the taking of these fur-bearers had to be eased as a result of the damage\nthey were doing to flood-control dykes throughout the valley.\nOtter.\u2014Scarce in most sections of the Fraser Valley, but fairly plentiful throughout the Coastal area between Howe Sound and Toba Inlet. The same would apply to\nmink, marten, weasel, and beaver. Racoon and squirrels are plentiful throughout the\nwhole district. Racoon are a nuisance through being overly plentiful. This is due to\nthe present low fur-market value of their pelts.\nUpland Game Birds.\nGrouse (Blue).\u2014These birds are scarce in this Division, although some good bags\nwere obtained from logged-off lands, not too heavily covered with new timber growth.\nThe various islands throughout the up-coast district provided the most numbers of\nthese birds.\nGrouse (Willow or Ruffed).\u2014These birds are not plentiful; however, scattered\ncoveys can be found in almost every section of this Division. Short open seasons and\ncurtailed bag-limits do not appear to have any beneficial results.\nQuail.\u2014The planting of quail in this Division was unsuccessful. The Ladner\nTownsite is the only place where these birds are to be found. They number approximately 100 birds.\nPheasants.\u2014Are the principal upland game bird of the Lower Mainland, the only\nplace in which they can be found in this Division. As there are approximately 20,000\nlicensed hunters in that area, the hunting pressure upon them is very heavy. This\nand decreasing suitable habitat necessitates, in order to supply even the minimum\ndemands of sportsmen, continued annual plantings of farm-raised birds. Hunting\npressure was particularly heavy during the 1948 season as a result of sections of the\nInterior of the Province being closed to hunting due to the disastrous spring floods.\nThe same floods destroyed large numbers of nests and young chicks in the Chilliwack,\nAgassiz, Matsqui, Mission, and Pitt Meadows districts of the Lower Mainland. As you\nare aware, no open season was allowed in a large portion of this territory.\nMigratory Game Birds.\nThe northern migration of ducks was late in coming into this Division. However,\nlocal birds produced numerous good bag-limits. Migrating ducks did not arrive until\nafter the local season had closed. This resulted in thousands of ducks remaining on\nthe Delta foreshore throughout the winter, which was an exceptionally severe one.\nReports were received of ducks starving to death. A large number of dead birds\nexamined by the Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, established\nthat they had died as a result of lead poisoning of the stomach tract. Shotgun pellets\n(there must be tons of it in the foreshore sands) had been eaten as grit by the birds.\nA number of permits were given to farmers to destroy ducks damaging their winter\nsugar-beet crops. In most instances the individual farmer was able to limit his damage\nto a negligible degree by shooting over the birds. X 56 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nGeese.\u2014Approximately 10,000 snow geese (lesser) wintered in the Delta and Lulu\nIsland area. This number is a definite increase over previous years. The open season\ndid not make a serious inroad into that figure.\nThe Canada geese were about normal and a fair number were taken. An estimated\nflock of 600 of these birds wintered in the mouth of Pitt Lake.\nWilson snipe, plover, and most other shore-birds are becoming quite plentiful.\nBand-tailed pigeons are decreasing in numbers and a shortened or closed season\nwould be beneficial.\nSwans in small numbers have been observed in several areas of the Division.\nVermin.\nGame Wardens in this Division are constantly on the look-out for predators. Game\nWardens A. J. Butler and P. M. Cliffe, of Chilliwack and Mission City, respectively,\nhave been particularly active in that regard. As an example, Game Warden Cliffe\nreports taking the following predators during the year 1948:\u2014\nCougar      6 House cats     29\nRed fox  25 Crows   103\nBobcat      2 Hawks        9\nGame Protection.\nWith the exception of a portion of the up-coast area, continuous patrols were\nmaintained throughout the whole of the Division. Until such time as a Game Warden\nand Departmental launch can be stationed in the vicinity of Powell River, adequate\ngame protection cannot be given the up-coast area. A total of 317 prosecutions under\nthe \" Game Act,\" Special Fishery Regulations, and \" Migratory Game Bird Act \" were\nconducted in this Division during the past year.\nGame Propagation.\nA total of 13,136 pheasants was released in this Division during the year.\nGame Reserves.\nThere are five game reserves in this Division. All are in the Lower Mainland\nwith the exception of Goat Island Reserve which is in the Powell River district. Goat\nIsland Reserve, following years of over-hunting, is now in a condition which warrants\nit again being opened to hunting. Deer, goat (mountain), and black bear are to be\nfound in fair numbers on this island. The other reserves are primarily wild-fowl\nnesting and resting areas, and have proved, to be very beneficial in maintaining the\nsupply of local ducks.\nFur Trade.\nThe bulk of the Provincial fur-trade finds a market outlet via this Division;\nnamely, the City of Vancouver. There are twelve licensed raw-fur dealers in that city.\nTraders report that fur prices dropped this year to the lowest point in years. Game\nWarden F. R. Lobb in his report covering the fur-trade states, \" The demand for fur\nis very limited, being confined largely to short-hair type, comprising mink, weasel,\nsquirrel, muskrat, beaver, and otter, and, to a lesser extent, marten. The demand is\nvery keen for small fine fisher, but the large sizes are most difficult to market. All longhaired furs including fox, coyote, lynx, skunk, and racoon are very much neglected, and\nprevailing prices are lower than they have been for a number of years. The result has\nbeen that trappers have not bothered to catch them and they are greatly on the\nincrease.\" An indication of this trend in the market may be gained from the No. 1\npelt prices for 1947 and 1948 which I have listed hereunder. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948. X 57\nType. 1947. 1948.\nBeaver   $36.35 $26.45\nMuskrat     2.00 1.60\nOtter   27.40 21.00\nPisher   45.05 35.35\nCross fox  5.00 3.00\nRed fox   3.50 2,00\nMarten  35.35 17.00\nWeasel   1.58 1.45\nWild mink   30.00 21.00\nLynx   19.00 10.00\nRacoon   2.00 1.50\nSquirrel   .61 .33\nWolverine   15.00 10.00\nREGISTRATION OF TRAP-LINES.\nThere is a constant demand for the very few lines which become vacant in this\nDivision. No complaints were received with respect to the registration of trap-lines.\nAt the close of the year 1948, there were 228 registered lines in this Division. Several\ntimes that number of trapping licences were issued covering trapping on private\nproperty.\nREGISTRATION OF GUIDES.\nThere are six registered guides in this Division.    They are all located in the\nChilliwack district.\nSpecial Patrols.\nNo special patrols were made during the year.\nHunting Accidents.\nEdmond Ray Losier, age 13 years, accidentally shot and killed by his 14-year-old\ncompanion while hunting in the Mission district with a .22 calibre rifle.\nRichard Pollock, of Langley Prairie, received a neck wound from a ricochet bullet.\nNot serious.\nRoy Robert Kvaas, of Pitt Meadows, wounded in the legs by shotgun pellets, discharged from a loaded shotgun left standing against a car by one Richard Windover,\nof Hammond.    Not serious.\nH. Carter, of Surrey, received pellet wounds in his face and arms following the\ncareless handling of a shotgun in the hands of one Carl Zappone, also of Surrey. Not\nserious.\nEdwin Clegg, of Rosedale, accidentally shot in groin and legs by the discharge of\na shot gun in the hands of one Allan Crofts, also from Rosedale.    Recovered.\nGam-fish Culture.\nA total of 225,000 Kamloops-trout fingerlings was distributed from the Cultus\nLake and Smith Falls Hatcheries between nineteen lakes and streams in the Lower\nMainland area. One thousand of these were planted in barren Petgill Lake, a three\nhours' hike on foot from Britannia on Howe Sound. These fish left Cultus Lake by\ntruck; thence by steamer from Horseshoe Bay to Britannia; thence, as mentioned\nabove, on foot to the lake. The total travelling time was ten hours with a total loss of\nseventeen trout.\nSummary.\nThe Lower Mainland area is rapidly becoming thickly populated, and sportsmen\nnow find that they have to go further afield in order to obtain the good hunting which X 58 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nthey have been accustomed to find within a short distance from Vancouver. As time\ngoes on, I can foresee the necessity of imposing more severe restrictions on open\nseasons and bag-limits.\nThe Game Wardens in this Division have carried out their numerous respective\nduties in a very efficient and commendable manner, and for this I wish to extend to them\nmy sincere thanks. I also wish to express my thanks and appreciation of the valuable\nassistance rendered by the British Columbia Provincial Police, the Forest Service,\nPublic Works Department, game asociations, and many individual sportsmen in this\nDivision.\nREPORT ON THE PRELIMINARY SURVEY OF THE STEELHEAD\nOF THE LOWER FRASER RIVER.\nBy P. A. Larkin, Fisheries Biologist, British Columbia Game Commission.\nThe migratory rainbow or steelhead trout (Salmo gairdnerii gairdnerii) is probably the most prized sport-fish of the Pacific Coast; it ranges in weight up to 25 lb.,\nit is difficult to hook, it fights furiously so that in fast water it is landed only by a\nskilled angler, and it is an excellent food fish.\nThe careful management of such a popular fishery is obviously desirable, and for\nthis reason in recent years Rod and Gun Sportsmen's Associations of the Lower Fraser\nValley have been anxious that the steelhead should be the subject of scientific investigation. At a convention of the Lower Mainland Zone of the British Columbia Fish and\nGame Protective Association, June 27th, 1948, the Hope Rod and Gun Club proposed\nthe resolution \" That the Secretary (of the Zone) contact both the Dominion Department of Fisheries and the B.C. Game Commission advocating a thorough investigation\nof the effects of commercial fishing and spawning grounds and habits. This to be\nundertaken jointly by the two Departments.\"\nThe subject-matter of this resolution was discussed at the offices of the British\nColumbia Game Commission on October 21st, 1948, by representatives of the various\ndepartments concerned. The following (including the writer) were present at this\nmeeting:\u2014\nF. R. Butler, Game Commissioner, British Columbia Game Commission.\nJ. G. Cunningham, Game Commissioner, British Columbia Game Commission.\nA. J. Whitmore, Chief Supervisor, Dominion Fisheries, Vancouver.\nThomas Taylor, Dominion Fisheries, New Westminster.\nDr. R. E. Foerster, Director of the Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo.\nFerris Neave, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo.\nDr. W. A. Clemens, Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia,\nVancouver.\nDr. Ian MacTaggart Cowan, Department of Zoology, University of British\nColumbia, Vancouver.\nCraig MacPhee,  Department of Zoology, University of British  Columbia,\nVancouver.\nIt was decided at this meeting that the writer would immediately begin a preliminary investigation of the steelhead, that the Hope Rod and Gun Club should be asked\nto give reasons for the proposal of this resolution, and that attempts be made by the\ndepartments concerned to appropriate funds for a large-scale scientific investigation.\nSubsequently, the Dominion authorities advised that inasmuch as the steelhead commercial fishery was small and incidental to that for various species of salmon, no funds\ncould be made immediately available for the suggested investigations.\nThe present report outlines the findings of the preliminary survey conducted in\nthe period October 21st, 1948, to April 21st, 1949. The survey is currently being\ncontinued, and further reports will be made in the future. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948. X 59\nINTRODUCTION.\nAs a preliminary survey of the steelhead-fishery of the Lower Fraser River, the\ninvestigation of the past year has dealt largely with outlining the phases of the life-\nhistory of the steelhead of the Fraser which require study as a basis for management.\nIt is desirable that any restriction of the season, limit, or area should be based on\nfactual information regarding habits and abundance, and in the case of the steelhead\nthe amount of this information required is extremely great. It is not known, for\nexample, where steelhead run in the Fraser drainage as a whole. The runs of fish in\nthe Lower Fraser are known to the majority of steelhead enthusiasts, but the existence\nand extent of steelhead runs to tributaries of the Fraser beyond Lytton is not well\nknown. In the Shuswap area there is confusion between steelhead and large resident\ntrout from the lake. Steelhead have been reported from as far north as Prince George\non the Fraser and from the Chilko River, but for the most part there is a distinct lack\nof well documented records of steelhead in the upper reaches of the watershed.\nThis knowledge is important in any long-term investigation of the significance\nof the commercial catch (and the sport catch) to the escapement of steelhead and their\navailability to the sport fishery both in the Lower Fraser and in the Fraser as a whole.\nFor example, the commercial catch of steelhead at the mouth of the Fraser is greatest\nin the months of September and October, but the subsequent movements of these fish\nis a matter of speculation. During the same months, movements of steelhead at Hell's\nGate Canyon are recorded (records of the International Salmon Fisheries Commission),\nwhich might suggest that there are large runs to points north at this time. The\nimportant point is, however, that even the elementary information, such as the\ndistribution of steelhead, is lacking, so that the significance of these catches in\nSeptember and October cannot be assessed.\nStudies of the steelhead trout in various parts of the Pacific Coast area have\nindicated that the life-history of this fish is considerably more variable than that of\nthe five species of Pacific salmon which inhabit approximately the same fresh-water\ndrainage systems. Immature steelhead may stay one, two, three, or even four years in\nfresh water. Most commonly the seaward migration is made at the age of 2 years.\nThe period of rapid growth in salt water before spawning may last one, two, or three\nyears, but there is apparently no relation between the length of time spent in fresh\nwater and the length of time spent in the ocean.\nThe runs of fish to streams are generally described as being summer runs or winter\nruns, the latter being the more common. A winter-run fish is one taken in a stream\nsome time between November and April. A summer-run fish is one which has not\nrecently spawned, which is taken some time between May and October. Some streams,\nfor example the Vedder River (Chilliwack River), have only a winter run; others, such\nas the Coquihalla at Hope, are reported to have a winter run and a summer run.\nAdults are thus present in almost all of the months of the year in some of the streams,\nyet spawning apparently takes place only in the late winter and early spring. Kelts\nare taken only in April, May, June, and July. The relation between summer runs and\nwinter runs has not been investigated. The \" homing\" of steelhead trout is not\ninfallible. Pautzke and Meigs (1940) reported that \" strays\" to other drainage\nsystems accounted for 5.4 per cent, of recovered fish that were tagged and planted as\n14-month-old fingerlings in Green River, Wash.; that 16.3 per cent, of the recoveries\nof tagged fish were from a tributary of the same river, although the tributary had not\nbeen planted.\nThe complicated and variable life-history of the steelhead implies difficulty in\ninvestigation, and with the present scarcity of basic information it is even more\nimportant that long-term and large-scale studies begin immediately if satisfactory\nmanagement practices are to be developed. X 60\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nIn the past winter season some attempt has been made to compile as much\ninformation as possible on the distribution, migration, and life-history of steelhead\nof the Fraser by reference to scientific literature, the records of the International\nSalmon Fisheries Commission and the Pacific Biological Station, and by conversation\nwith anglers. A \" Steelhead Questionnaire \" was circularized to anglers in the Lower\nMainland area, and \" Weekly Catch Record \" forms were distributed, on which space\nwas provided for statement of the number of anglers, numbers of fish taken, observations re condition of fish, water levels, and other pertinent information. The collection\nof scale samples to accompany the weekly catch records was also requested.\nThe winter season of 1948-49 was exceptionally cold, and the steelhead-fishing was\nrestricted accordingly. The smaller streams were extremely low and in many cases\nthe snow was deep, and, as a result, fishing was concentrated on the larger and readily\naccessible streams. The Vedder River supported the only significant sport fishery\nduring the winter months. Coquihalla River and Silver Creek near Hope and the\nstreams of the north shore of the Fraser were very lightly fished. Commercial fishing\nat the mouth of the Fraser was closed in December and January, and in February ice\non the river and extreme cold weather prevented fishing operations.\nA summary of the numbers of weekly catch records and scale samples submitted\nfor each of the streams in the Lower Mainland area is given in Table I. In many\ncases, forms were filled in by anglers for their own single day's catch. Stream checking\nby Game Wardens and hatchery officials (Cultus Lake Hatchery) were recorded on\nweekly report forms, and many anglers included estimates of the number of fishermen\nin the area they were fishing on the days for which entries were made.\nThe collections of information on the Vedder River and in the commercial catch\nare the only two treated in detail in this report. Data on other streams was not\nconsidered sufficiently representative for analysis.\nTable I.\u2014Summary of Returns of Fraser River Steelhead Reports (Weekly\nCatch Records) from December, 1948, to April, 1949.\nVedder\u2014\nReports\t\nScale samples.\nCampbell River\u2014\nReports\t\nScale samples\nLittle Campbell\u2014\nReports\t\nScale samples\nNicomekl\u2014\nReports\t\nScale samples\nChehalis\u2014\nReports\t\nScale samples\nCoquitlam\u2014\nReports\t\nScale samples\nCoquihalla\u2014\nReports\t\nScale samples\nStave\u2014\nReports\t\nScale samples\nFraser\u2014\nReports\t\nScale samples\n9\n18\nFeb.      March.     April.      Total.\n13\n76\n5\n10\n30\n123\n1\n13\nTotal reports, 53 ; total scale samples, 160. report of provincial game commission, 1948. x 61\nAnalysis of the Steelhead-catch on the Vedder River, 1948-49.\nThe Vedder River is one of the most popular streams for steelhead-fishing in the\nLower Mainland area. It is readily accessible by road and close to the amenities of\nthe City of Chilliwack. During the 1948-49 winter season the Vedder River was the\nonly Lower Mainland stream which was intensively fished. The river is called by three\nnames in its lower reaches. Above Vedder Crossing it is called the Chilliwack River,\nbelow the crossing it is called the Vedder River, and in its artificial course across\nSumas Prairie where the banks are heavily dyked it is named the Vedder Canal.\nSteelhead-fishing tends to concentrate at Vedder Crossing and a mile or two downstream, but good catches are made in pools all the way from the mouth of the river at\nthe Fraser to the outlet of the river at Chilliwack Lake, more than 20 miles up-stream\nfrom Vedder Crossing.\nThe river supports only a winter run of steelhead. The first catches are usually\nmade after November 15th, and fish continue to run through December, January, and\nFebruary. By the beginning of March many of the fish are approaching full spawning\ncondition, and because \" dark fish \" are not favoured by anglers, the intensity of the\nfishery drops off accordingly. Catches of fish in good condition may be made as late\nas April 15th, but thereafter the season is generally considered finished. The maximum\nlength of the fishing season is thus 120 days, although from local reports in most years\nan estimate of 100 days would be a closer approximation of the period of good fishing.\nTotal Catch on the Vedder River.\nA complete creel census on the river throughout the winter would be desirable, but\nit is not practical at the present time. Fishermen may be checked from Allison Bridge\nabove the Vedder Crossing to the mouth of the river at the Fraser, a distance of more\nthan 30 miles. Moreover, many fishermen are residents of the district, and no simple\nchecking-station technique is possible. The estimate of the catch for the 1948-49\nwinter season has been made on the basis of a season catch per unit effort calculated\nfrom weekly catch records and various counts of the number of anglers on the river on\ndifferent days throughout the fishing season.\nThe catch per unit effort on the basis of twenty-nine of the thirty weekly reports\non the river was 0.83 fish per man per day. This means that the angler would expect\nto catch, on the average, eigth fish for each ten days' fishing. This estimate includes\nthe day of the \" Steelhead Derby,\" when fifty fishermen took a total of six steelhead.\nThere is a serious source of error involved in this estimate in that many anglers may\nfish for only an hour in the morning and then again in the evening, so that the \" man\nper day \" reported may not be a full day's fishing. For this reason the figure of 0.83\nmight be considered as the catch per man for approximately four or five hours' fishing.\nHowever, there is a further error incurred by the failure of anglers to report days or\nexcursions which yielded no fish. Although it was requested that forms be completed\neven though no fish were taken, the forms were seldom forwarded without mention of\nfish caught.\nThe average number of fishermen per day on the river varies with the time of the\nweek (many more anglers on week-ends), the weather, and with the runs of fish.\nWhen good catches had been reported, it was probable that more than fifty fishermen\nwere present on the different parts of the river on each day of the week-ends, and\nduring the week the average number of fishermen was probably as high as twenty-five\nper day, but the majority of reports indicated that the usual count was from ten to\ntwenty. When the run of fish was poor (late January and early February), the\nnumber of week-end fishermen was probably less than thirty and on weekdays was correspondingly less. As in the case of the estimate of the catch per \" man day,\" the\nshort fishing excursions introduce a serious source of error.    At any one time of the X  62 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nday there may be only twenty anglers on the river, so that the average for the day would\nbe twenty, but a hundred individuals may fish for short periods to contribute to this\naverage figure.\nIn the absence of detailed daily reports a generous estimate of the total catch has\nbeen made on the assumption that on the average week-end days (Saturday and Sunday) there were forty anglers, and on the average weekday twenty for the entire\n120-day fishing season (November 15th to April 15th). The calculated total of 3,100\nfishing-days multiplied by the catch per man per day of 0.83 fish per man per day yields\nthe total catch figure of approximately 2,500 fish.\nThis estimate must not be accepted without some reservation. The catch per unit\neffort of 0.83 is a crude estimate. The census of anglers is similarly liable to error,\nand the assumption of a 120-day fishing season is generous. The estimate of 2,500\nfish is probably high, but gives a useful picture of the order of magnitude of the sport\ncatch. The cold winter season of 1948-49 may not be representative. The inaccessibility and poor fishing conditions in other streams would tend to increase the popularity\nof the Vedder, but at the same time the cold wave probably discouraged many of the\nless enthusiastic anglers.\nThe close checking of the Vedder in the coming winter season would be desirable.\nVital Statistics of Vedder River Catch.\nA total of 123 scale samples was received from the Vedder River for the 1948-49\nwinter season. In only one case was a sample of no use because of regeneration of\nscales. In the majority of cases, information concerning sex, length, weight, date of\ncapture, and degree of sexual maturity was included with each scale sample. The\nmajority of the fish taken in the winter months are approaching spawning condition\nfor the first time. Ten of the samples were from fish spawning for a second time;\none from a fish spawning for the third time.\nThe method of expressing the age of fish at first sexual maturity requires some\nexplanation. Movements of young steelhead toward the ocean take place during the\nearly summer months, at about the same time as the return of the kelts. Scales of\nthe fish at this time show a \" winter check \" for each winter that the fish has been in\nfresh water. A fish with two winter checks is thus 2 years plus a few months old.\nCorresponding with the entry into salt water, there is a rapid increase in growth-\nWinter checks are formed for each winter that the fish is in salt water. The migration from the ocean to fresh water may occur many months before spawning or almost\nimmediately before spawning. It is convenient to divide the life of the fish into two\nsections\u2014(1) years in fresh water and (2) years in ocean, plus period spent in fresh\nwater prior to spawning. Thus a fish which showed two fresh-water winter checks and\ntwo salt-water checks on its scales would be 5 years old at maturity. A scale showing\ntwo checks for fresh water, no salt checks, but rapid growth, indicating some period in\nsalt water, would be one that would spawn one year from the time of its seaward migration, that is, at the full age of 3 years.\nFig. 1 shows the age distribution of Vedder River steelhead at the time of the\nfirst spawning. This includes fish which were spawning for the second or third time,\nbut for which the earlier portion of the life-history could be read from the scales.\nThe age of any group of fish at maturity can be read from this diagram by adding the\nnumber of years in fresh water to the number of years in salt water and fresh water\nprior to spawning. Thus, fifty of the fish spent two years in fresh water and two years\nlater were caught, presumably just before spawning at an age of nearly four years.\nOne fish had spent four years in fresh water and had not been to the ocean.\nThe number of fish spawning at a particular age can be read by adding the figures\nin a diagonal row from left to right. Thus, 1+1+50+3=55 were caught that were\n4 years of age. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME  COMMISSION, 1948.\nX 63\nThe variability in the life-history of the steelhead is apparent from this diagram.\nIt is important to note that nearly 75 per cent, of these fish had spent two years in\nfresh water before their seaward migration, and that approximately 45 per cent, were\ncaught at the age of 4 years.\nThere is apparently no relation between the number of years spent in fresh water\nand the number of years subsequently passed in the ocean (by statistical analysis;\nalso applies to commercial catch and Vedder and commercial catch considered together).\nFor example, a fish which spends two years in fresh water is as likely to return after\none year in the ocean as a fish which spends three years in fresh water. The same\napplies to all combinations of fresh- and salt-water life-histories. This problem is\nworthy of further investigation on the basis of the growth rate in the early years of\nlife and the portion of the watershed in which they were spawned.\nThe size of a fish at any age in its past life can be roughly calculated from scale\nmeasurements. The size of the fish at the time of deposition of the scales was taken as\n32 millimetres (1.26 inches) (Pautzke and Meigs, 1940). Fig. 2 summarizes calculated\nlengths of fish at various ages, together with mean lengths of fish of different life-\nhistories at the time of capture. Fish spawning for the second or third time are not\nincluded because at spawning the edge of the scale is resorbed and measurements\nthereafter are of no use. No attempt has been made to place fish which spent various\nperiods of time in fresh water into separate groups.\n0 12 3 4\nYears in Ocean and Fresh Water before Sexual Maturity.\nFig. 1.  Age distribution of Vedder River steelhead at time of first spawning. X 64\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nGenerally, the average size of fish increases with the number of years spent in salt\nwater. Fish which spend two years from the time they leave fresh water until they\nreturn range in average weight from 7 lb. for those which spent one year in fresh\nwater before seaward migration to 9.25 lb. for those which had three years in fresh\nwater before migration. With a three-year interval between the initial fresh-water\nperiod and the return at maturity the average weights of fish which spent one and\nthree years in fresh water before migration were respectively 11.25 and 14.18 lb.\nThe average lengths of the fish show similar differences. (It is interesting to note\nthat the relation of the average weight to the average length is approximately 1 lb. to\nthe inch. Thus, 26-inch fish would average roughly 6 lb., 27-inch fish 7 lb., 28-inch\nfish 8 lb., etc.)\nThe difference in the average size of fish of different ages is reflected in the\nanalysis of the catch by months. It is a popular conception among anglers on the\nVedder River that the fish come in runs. For certain periods, lasting from a few days\nto over a week, the catches are excellent, while at other times catches are poor. The\nusual explanation of a period of good fishing is that a run of fish has just come up.\nThese runs are apparently associated with changes in water level. A complete analysis\nof the Vedder River weekly reports to determine the dates of runs and their relation\nto water-level fluctuations could not be made. However, the division of the scale-\nsample records into monthly periods yields the interesting observation that the age\ndistribution and consequently the average length and weight of steelhead varies during\nthe fishing season.\nYears in Fresh Water.\nOne Year.\nTwo Years.\nThree Years.\nFour Years.\nYears in Ocean+\nFresh to Spawn.\nMEAN\nLENGTH (INCHES)\n-\n\u2014\n\u2014\nZ7.25\n27.58\n29.40\n30.67\n31.65\n32.90\n-\n30.00\n29.50\nWEIGHT (POUNDS)\n\u2014\n\u2014\n\u2014\n700\n7.97\n9.25\n11.25\n12.22\n1418\n\u2014\n9.25\n10.13\nNO.OF FISH\n\u2014i\n0)x\n(1)X\n2\n46\n8\n3\n35\n14\n\u2014\n2\nTOTAL 110\n(l) FISH HAD SPAWNED PREVIOUSLY\nFig. 2.   Calculated lengths (inches) of fish at different ages in fresh water and lengths\n(inches) and weights (pounds) of fish at time of capture.    Steelhead from the Vedder River. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948.\nX 65\nTable II summarizes the age distribution for each month of the fishing season\nfor which records are available, and gives the mean age, weight, and length for the\ncatch of each period.\nTable II.\u2014Age Distribution, Mean Age, Length, and Weight of Steelhead taken\nin Different Months on the Vedder River, 1948-49.\nAge at Capture.\nMean\nAge.\nMean\nLength.\nThree.\nFour.\nFive.\nSix.\nMean\nFresh\/Salt.\nWeight.\n1\/2\n2\/1    1    4\/0\n2\/2\n1\/3\n3\/2\n2\/3         3\/3\n2\/4\nDecember\t\n2\n1\n1\nlot\n33\n3\n1\nIt\n1\n1\n2\n4\n2t\nIt\n8\n10\n17t\n1\n3\n6t\nS\n3*\n2t\nSt\n6.22\n4.92\n4.43\n4.33\n31.45\n30.20\n30.00\n28.08\n12.05\n10.89\nFebruary\t\n9.40\n8.79\n* Two fish spawning second time.\nt One fish spawning second time.\n% Two fish spawning second time ; one fish spawning third time.\nIn the early part of the season the proportion of older fish is higher, so that the\nmean age, mean weight, and mean length are also higher. As the season progresses\nthe mean age falls and the average weight of the fish drops from the high of 12.05 lb.\nin December to 9.40 lb. in February and 8.79 lb. in March.\nThe sex ratio in the catch suggests a significant preponderance of females (seventy-\nseven females to forty-six males). The greater proportion of females is not found in\nthe fish spawning at 4 years of age. In the group \" two years in fresh water\u2014two\nyears to capture \" the sex ratio was twenty-three males to twenty-three females. The\nolder age-groups contribute greater numbers of females than males and bias the total\nsex ratio. In the group \" two years in fresh water\u2014three years to capture \" the sex\nratio was twenty-eight females to six males.\nAnalysis of Commercial Catch of Steelhead, 1948-49.\nCommercial fishing for steelhead at the mouth of the Fraser is conducted during\nall months of the year, with the exception of a closed period, usually during December.\nFor the most part the catch of steelhead is incidental to the salmon-fishery. Table III\nsummarizes the commercial catch of steelhead at the mouth of the Fraser for each\nmonth of the year from August, 1941, to December, 1948. Fig. 4 shows the variation\nin the annual catch in the years 1942 to 1948.\nThe greatest catch of steelhead is in the months of September and October. The\ncatch in these two months accounts for over 60 per cent, of the average annual catch.\nIn some years sizeable catches are taken in other months; for example, in 1945, June\nand July contributed 362 hundredweight (23.7 per cent.) to the large catch for that\nyear;  in 1947, May was the best month of the year (230 hundredweight).\nThe annual catch fluctuates widely in the years 1942 to 1948 and depends chiefly\non the success of the September and October fishery. There are also wide variations\nin the catch for each month over the period of years. The analysis of these catch-per-\nmonth and catch-per-annum figures yields no evidence of either four- or five-year\ncyclical fluctuations of abundance which are such a prominent feature of the analysis\nof commercial catches of Pacific salmon. However, with such relatively short-term\nobservations, the known variability in the life-history of the steelhead and the fact\nthat the commercial catch includes fish from many different streams, this failure to\nexhibit cyclical fluctuation is not surprising. X 66\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nt*a\u00bbiow\u00bbio^t\u00bb'*HH\nu?6\n\u00a7\u00a3\nNCNCOrHrHOC-OrHC-OOCM\n* <\u2022\n3 (8\nMNmM|fnooioH05'*o\n(\nSjO\nCO   CM\nCD\n*****\n8 5\nb>ot>\u00abH^>^e \u00ab V Ifi S3\nt>\ncn\niQio'toidm'cQin'in'cs'^oiei\nrH*\nto\ngt\nmNM^^\"\u00abCSlQ^NU\ncn\neo co\n0\n*H\"\nrH\"\nOJ   N\n\"*ootfeDcoooeoooo     :\ncnoowijeocooeo-^io\n^o\nNiHCMrHOOCSlOOiarH\nIO   CM\nCO\ncn\nr-t\n^T\nH\u2014 4\u2014\nt-\n\u2022*   H   CO   N                   IQ   CO   CO   M   CM\n<o\nrH             CO    \"^\nto\noo\nrH\nw\n0>   M\nHoauiofficctoooiaoo     :\no^cDcnoQE-t-oeor-t-\nft, a>\nwO\nmiOHIClOO^lOCOMCO\nIM                            rH   CN               *\ni~\nrH\nsi\nCOCOiOCgOt-tMlOOrHCOO\n0\nCO    tfl    H    CO    CO             Tf    Tf    H    rl    t-\ncn\nCN                           rH   CM\n00\noo\nw\nc3\"S\nHM^Mt-MMlOOO'*       I\nCOft-CDCMMCCCOCO^lO\n0, oi\n^o\nNhMOHHCOIOOSN\nCO   CO\nto\nrH\nA\"?\nCSOOI-TflCMtOt-t-NO\nt~\nit\nNHtfCCriNCCOOCOlOM\n10\nCO    -*\ntM\noo\nT-i\nw\nCD   C\nCOCMCMC-tOOCsiaoOOOD-\nHCO^tOOCOMCnfCBWN\niiHNCOHNHIOQOffl'tfO\nrH    rH             N    N\n1\n|w\nrH\nA*1\nCOOt-eOOQO^JIrHCOrHO\"^l\nc-\nCONMlOMMt-ffiMCOl.-\nCN\nrH    rH             -tf    CO\nm\noo\nrH\nv\u2014\nft,  4)\nwo\nCOjOrHOOCNIr-CCO^l'OOQO-^\nlanaioicccocot-ioijiaicN\niHrHtMrHOOCiCOlOt-^'o\n\"<*    OJ\n*#\nCi\nrH\n\u25a0S\"7\nlONWOlOMMCOWTft-N\nCO\nrH    ,-H    CM    rH                      O)   CO   CO    CO   Tf\nCO\n\u25a0\"I*   CM\na>\n00\n*\u25a0*'\n*\u00ab1h\nCD   C\n\u00bbOCNCOCOrHt.OlOOOCDt-\nC\"N^ClcOton<(OI>CO\u00bbCM\nfcf$\nH CO H N ri 0 ai t- \u25a0\u00ab ri oi 0\nO\nCM   -^\neo\n\u25a0a\n1\nrH\nM^rlNNioOt-T|iiOON\nLO\nrH    CN    .-H    <N   >-H             t-    IO    OD    N    N\nrH  eo\nt-\n00\n\u25a0\u2014'\n1-1 e\nisiaccioMnoioisiooo\nNlOONOOeolONTf-Jc-cO\n*o\nCO^HCOH   OCOWN^H    rl\nrH                                                  i-H    CO    rH\nCM\ncn\niH\n^3^\ncoioioco-o'cooio^omoo\nCi\n0 -r>\ncd P\n\u25a0*   CO    X   tf    H             IQ    M   a    CO    OI    H\nto\nCM\nc-\nOO\nw\nX\n0\n+->\ncd\n0\ncd\np\nR\na\n>\nt\nf\n1-\ni\nT\nc\n<\n\u00ab\n5\na\n1\na\np\nb\n5\n<\nc\na\nSi\n2\n4    +=\nI\nc\na\nf\nc\nz\nE\na\nI\nQ\ncd\n*ei\n0\n00\nt\n0=!\n&3\nO\nco\ns\nEh REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948.\nX 67\nThe average weight of individual steelhead in the commercial catch is approximately 10 lb. for the year as a whole, so that the average annual catch for the years\n1942 to 1948 of 1,117 hundredweight represents a take of approximately 10,000 fish\nper annum. It is tentatively suggested that the annual removal of 10,000 steelhead\nat the mouth of the Fraser is not excessive, considering the size of the river system\nand the probable number of streams which support runs. The estimate of 2,500 fish\nfor the sport catch for the Vedder River represents almost one-quarter of the average\nannual total commercial catch. If it is assumed that the commercial catch is distributed\nover the streams tributary to the Fraser River which have steelhead runs even approximately in proportion to their size, it is apparent that for a stream such as the Vedder\nthe sport catch is probably much greater than the commercial catch of fish running\nto that area.\nThe detailed analysis of the commercial catch, together with field observations in\nthe Fraser as a whole, would appear to present a profitable field of investigation in the\nfuture.\nVital Statistics of the Steelhead in the Commercial Catch.\nDuring October and November of 1948, 120 steelhead from the commercial catch\nwere measured, weighed, and sampled for scales at the Steveston and New Westminster points of landing. The results of the scale readings are summarized in Fig. 3,\nwhich is constructed in the same way as Fig. 1. The age distribution of these fish is\nquite different from that for the Vedder River, suggesting perhaps that they are from\n12 3 4\nYears in Ocean and Fresh Water before Sexual Maturity.\nFig. 3. Age distribution of commercial catch of steelhead, mouth of Fraser River,\nat time of first spawning. X 68\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nother streams. The dominant age type is the 5-year-old, which has spent two years in\nfresh water. The mean age of the fish at maturity (including second and third\nspawners) in this catch would be 4.88 years as compared to 4.66 years for fish taken\nfrom the Vedder River. It should be noted that the commercial catch age-type\ndistribution representative only of October and November is somewhat like that for\nthe Vedder River for the month of December. Younger fish are taken in greater\nnumbers toward the latter part of the winter in the Vedder, and the same may be true\nfor the commercial catch.\nOf the 120 fish sampled in the commercial catch, five had spawned once before\ncapture and one had spawned twice. The average weight of fish taken in the commercial catch was 12.94 lb.; the average length, 31.5 inches. Again the comparison\nwith the Vedder River catch for the entire season suggests that the commercial catch\ntakes larger fish, but the December catch in the Vedder compares closely with the\ncommercial (12.15 lb., 31.45 inches).\nThe sex ratio in the entire commercial catch was forty-six males to forty-five\nfemales (only ninety-one fish sexed). The even sex ratio was contributed largely by\nthe 5-year-old type (two years fresh\u2014three years to maturity), with fifty-four\nindividuals showing a sex ratio of twenty-seven males to twenty-seven females. The\n4-year-old age type (two years fresh\u2014two years to maturity) was represented by only\nseven fish, for which the sex ratio was six males to one female. This last result might\nhave occurred by chance, but it is interesting to observe that in the commercial catch\nthe situation is reversed from that in the Vedder, where the total sex ratio was biased\nby a preponderance of females in the 5-year-old age type, while the 4-year-old group\nshowed an even sex ratio.\nThe analysis of the commercial catch will be continued in the coming season.\n1600\n.9\n1200\n800\n1942      1943      1944      1945      1946      1947\nFig. 4. Annual commercial catch of steelhead, Fraser River.\n1948 report of provincial game commission, 1948. x 69\nAcknowledgments.\nThe writer would like to thank the Dominion Fisheries Department, New Westminster, for their kindness in providing statistics of the commercial steelhead-catch\nand the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission, New Westminster, for the\nuse of their valuable Hell's Gate Canyon tagging records. The Game Wardens and\nhatchery officials were, as usual, extremely co-operative, and in the census work their\nassistance was invaluable. \" Pintail,\" of the Vancouver Daily Province, and Lee\nStraight, of the Vancouver Daily Sun, have provided useful personal observations and\nvaluable references to steelhead enthusiasts. Game Commissioners F. R. Butler and\nJ. G. Cunningham, and Dr. W. A. Clemens, of the Department of Zoology, University of\nBritish Columbia, have at all times shown a constant interest in the work and have\ngenerously taken care of any administrative problems.\nReferences.\nInternational Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission: Unpublished records of tagging at\nHell's Gate Canyon, Fraser River.\nPautzke, C. F., and Meigs, R. C. (1940): Studies on the life history of the Puget Sound\nsteelhead.    Biological Bull. 3.   Washington State Dept. of Game.\nEXCERPT FROM THE MINUTES OF 1949 PROVINCIAL\nGAME CONVENTION.\nPaper Presented by Dr. Ian McTaggart Cowan, Scientific Advisor\nto the British Columbia Game Commission.\nChairman (F. R. Butler).\u2014I know that sportsmen present will be very keenly\ninterested in the next presentation, because it deals with a study of one of our important exotic game birds\u2014the pheasant\u2014and I have at this time, therefore, very great\npleasure in calling upon Dr. Ian McTaggart Cowan to present a paper entitled \" Pheasant Study in British Columbia in 1948.\"\nDr. Cowan.\u2014Mr. Chairman, ladies and gentlemen, this report concerns the progress\nmade during a survey of the ring-neck pheasant population of the Municipality of\nDelta, British Columbia. The work was carried out under the joint sponsorship of the\nProvincial Game Commission and the University of British Columbia.\nI noted with interest the first question that Mr. Pautzke asked his biologists when\nthey were applying for a job, \" Do you fish? \" One of the things we take into consideration in our applicants is, have they a wife who is also interested? If they have, we\nget two people for the price of one.\nThat was very true in connection with the study upon which I am reporting.\nE. W. Taylor, I hoped he would be able to get up to-day, but I'm afraid he hasn't been\nable to make it, who did the majority of the field work on this study, has one of those\nwives. She works alongside him in the field, the results achieved would have been\nsimply impossible by himself alone. She was a tower of strength to our biological\ninvestigation.\nThe period of the investigation ran through the winter of 1947-48 through the\nspring, summer, and fall, and has run again through the winter just past. The investigation was confined to the Delta region generally, but it was more specifically concerned\nwith the area lying west of the community of Ladner. The immediate objectives of the\nsurvey included first the finding out of the local sex ratios in the pheasants, then\ninvestigation of nesting success. Third, an appraisal of food and cover as they were\naffecting the pheasants. Fourth, the relationship of agricultural practices to the\npheasant population.    Fifth,  the  economic  relation  of the pheasants  to  the local X 70 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nagriculturist.    Sixth, the relation of the liberation of farm-raised birds to the final\nharvest, and last, the harvest itself.\nNow, those of you who have had any experience with working on a programme of\nthis sort will know that we bit off quite a fair-sized chunk to try and accomplish in\none summer. It is my purpose to-day merely to summarize the results of this first\nseason's study, picking out some of the high spots for you and bringing to your notice\nsome of the things I know you've all been asking yourselves, some of the things for\nwhich we have been seeking the answer.\nFirst, the sex ratio. We found it exceedingly difficult to get accurate sex-ratio\ncounts in the field, because of the changes in the behaviour of the birds from one\nseason to another. If you will go out to the nesting grounds at this time of the year,\nthe cock birds will be on territory. They don't roam hither and yon all over the area.\nThey have (each cock bird) a separate territory, which he defends, and around that\nterritory for varying distances the hens that are his mates will be nesting. In determining sex ratios, we made crude counts over large areas, counting all the males and\nall the females seen. We found, of course, as you would expect, that as soon as the\nhens start to nest you see more cocks than there are in the true proportion of the\npopulation. Some of the hens you don't find. However, you can reduce that bias by\ntaking your count very early in the morning when the hens just come out of their nests\nto feed, and also by taking a count late in the evening when the hens are off the nests\nfeeding.\nWe found that in May we could still get fairly satisfactory sex-ratio counts,\nthough the best month for them was April. Then around about midsummer when\nthe hens have all brought their broods off and you think, \" Well, now we've got the\nhens out with their broods, we can now make satisfactory sex-ratio counts,\" the\ncocks start to moult, and a moulting cock goes to cover, and your sex ratio becomes\nbadly out of balance in favour of the females. Just about the time that the moulting\nis finished and the cocks are in full plumage and parading around in the field again,\nthe hunting season starts. By the time the hunting season is over\u2014you know how\nhai-d it is to find the cock bird, you can find lots of hens\u2014so that you can't, at that\ntime of the year, get a satisfactory sex-ratio count.\nThe results of the hunting season lasted until about Christmas time before the\ncocks and thehens became obvious again in the terms of their actual situation on the\nrange. To come down to the results that we found, the net result was about one\ncock to five hens on this heavily shot area of Delta Municipality. There were a few\nareas in which the proportion was as high as eleven hens to a cock. Now these are\nsatisfactory sex ratios. All the research that's been done in North America points\nto no ground for alarm when sex ratios do not become further out of balance than ten\nor eleven hens to a cock. However, as you will realize, the acid test lies in the fertility\nof the eggs, and we confirmed our results by checking for that result, the fertility of\nthe eggs. The average percentage of infertility throughout the season was 3.8 per\ncent.; 3.8 per cent, of the eggs failed to hatch for reasons of infertility, or at least, if\nthe eggs weren't infertile, the germ died at such an early stage you couldn't detect it\nin examining the unhatched eggs.\nIn fields where there were as many as eleven hens per cock the average net failure\nto hatch as a result of infertility was 3.6 per cent., just a little bit lower than the overall average. The 0.2 per cent, difference is not significant statistically, so that you\ncan say that there was no difference in fertility where hens were five to the cock than\nwhere hens were eleven to the cock. Thirty-three per cent, of the unhatched eggs had\nembryos in them that had failed to develop and materialize.\nReports full of nests of unhatched eggs that we receive very frequently from\nsportsmen usually refer to what we refer to as \" dump nests.\" Now that's a peculiar\nphenomenon of pheasants and we don't yet know the causes of this production of dump REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME  COMMISSION, 1948. X  71\nnests. By dump nests I mean a nest in which several hens are depositing eggs, but\nthe nest is actually owned by no one and incubated by no one. You find these nests of\neggs, oh, sometimes as many as twenty eggs, twenty-five eggs, and sometimes if you\nlook through the nests there are eggs of two seasons in them, and sometimes you'll\nfind eggs of Hungarian partridges and quail in along with the pheasant eggs. Now\nthe sportsman usually finds these nests when he is hunting in the fall, the successful\nnests have all hatched and gone, and he concludes from the presence of these unhatched\nnests that there's quite a lot of infertility.\nWe know that this productivity of dump nests increases as the density of the\npheasant population increases, but nowhere has the answer been arrived at. In\nOntario last year, the biologists were seriously concerned on Peeley Island, which is\na very heavily stocked area, because practically all the first nests that they could find\nwere dump nests, and were not being incubated by any hens, though the eggs, when\nyou examined them, were fertile.   This is a problem that remains to be solved.\nWe proceeded to try and determine the cocks territories and the number of them,\nbecause that offers one of the most satisfactory ways of censusing your pheasant\npopulation. You can establish your cock territories by frequent crowing counts, going\nout early in the morning during the crowing season and spotting the position at which\neach cock crows, and by a series of counts, particularly with more than one man so that\nyou can take cross-bearings on individual birds, you can spot where he crows time\nafter time and arrive at a fairly satisfactory territory distribution.\nThe results that we achieved in that connection revealed one cock territory to\n52 acres in the Municipality of Delta over a surveyed area of 8,640 acres that we had\nunder close control. On this basis, the population of pheasants inhabiting the Delta\nMunicipality in the breeding season was 470 plus or minus cocks and 2,560 odd hens,\nor a total breeding stock in the area on which we are working of just over 3,000 birds.\nNow with regards to the nesting season. Nesting started about the 15th of April.\nThe last new nests were established in mid-July. Virtually none of the nests had\nhatched before the 24th of May, and very few nests had hatched before June 15th.\nThis date of hatching is exceedingly important, for a reason that I'll bring to your\nattention right away. When we came to study the types of ground, types of cover in\nwhich the pheasants were nesting, we found this: Fifty-three per cent, of all the nests\nwe found were in red clover; 29.5 per cent, were in mixed hay, in other words a total\nof 82.9 per cent, of the nests we found were in hayfields, either clover or mixed hay.\nTwelve per cent, were in pea fields; 0.08 per cent., less than 1 per cent., were in grain\nfields, so that a total of 95.9 per cent, of our birds were nesting on agricultural ground\nin an area in which there was considerable non-agricultural cover.\nThe period of the first mowing of hay started on the 10th of June, and the first\nmowing of hay, because of a very wet summer, persisted until the last week of June.\nThe net result was that out of these 53.4 per cent, of the birds that nested on the\nred-clover field only 19 per cent, brought off their first hatches. The rest of them were\ndestroyed by mowing. Twenty-four per cent, of the birds nesting on the mixed-hay\narea brought off their broods because the mowing of mixed hay was later than the\nmowing of red clover, and so on down the line. The total result was only 51 per cent,\nof the birds that nested on the agricultural land brought off their nests. Now that,\nI think, will emphasize what I meant by saying this distribution of nesting was important, and the nest survival was important.\nHowever, another very interesting and important thing that we did find out was\nthat a pheasant is very difficult to discourage in terms of re-nesting. Re-nesting was\ntaking place up to the middle of July, birds that had lost their first nests were having\nanother go at it. The net result was that by the end of August, better than 80 per cent,\nof the hens were accompanied by broods, despite the fact that over 50 per cent, of them X 72 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nlost nests at least once during the season. The net final result was over 80 per cent, of\nthe hens were accompanied by broods by the end of the year.\nThat, of course, is one of the reasons why the pheasant is a very successful bird\nfrom the sportsman's standpoint. We have to take into consideration, however, the\nlosses of hens due to mowing, because these birds that are killed or so badly damaged\nduring the first mowing that they are incapable of trying again are permanently\nremoved from our breeding stock. The losses of hens in the first mowing were 38 per\ncent, of the nesting hens, better than a third of our nesting hens were killed or badly\nmangled in the first mowing of clover.\nChick mortality is important, how many mature birds can we expect to get from\na nestful of eggs? Our average nest of eggs was slightly over eight and one-half eggs\nper nest. The mean hatched eggs was 7.1 per cent., that is, we can expect to get about\nseven chicks out of each setting of eggs. The average brood size in August was 5.2\nbirds, so we can expect to lose about two birds after they are out in this Delta, and that\nis a fairly successful return\u20145.2 birds matured per bird for one clutch of eggs.\nIt was interesting to us to analyse the causes of loss to wild birds, this is to both\nold and young, on the nesting ground. Eighty-two and nine-tenths per cent, of our\nlosses were due to mowing, 82.9 per cent, of the birds that died or were killed during\nthe summer due to mowing. Ten and three-tenths per cent, were due to traffic, killed\non the road by cars, so that 93 per cent, of all the losses of wild pheasants were a\nresult of man-made hazards, mowing and traffic. Five and one-tenth per cent, of the\nlosses were due to predation; and miscellaneous causes, 1.4 per cent. But the big\nlosses were those two losses, two man-made hazards.\nThen we liberated the birds. We liberated 2,500 birds to the Delta Municipality,\n1,248 cocks and 1,252 hens. The cock birds were all banded; the majority of the hens\nwere also banded. One hundred and fifty of these birds were yearlings, liberated in\nthe spring. The rest of them were liberated at the age of twelve weeks. We made\nextensive re-examinations of the liberation site. We kept track of the birds that we\nliberated. The losses that were suffered were quite heavy. Now with the analysis of\nthe losses of wild birds in mind, that is, 94 per cent., 93 per cent, of them man-made\nhazards, 82 per cent, mowing and 10 per cent, traffic, this is what we found with the\nreleased birds, the hand-raised birds.\nThe losses through predation on released birds constituted 84 per cent, of our\nlosses, almost exactly the same as the mowing-losses in the wild birds. Eighty-four\nper cent, of our losses were predation. Accidents on the highways and running into\nfences and so on when they were liberated, flying into telephone wires, 12.26 per cent.\nRelease hazards of one sort or another just about 2 per cent, and unknown losses, 1.88\nper cent.\nNow the analyses of those predation losses are particularly significant, as I say,\n83 per cent, of those birds, 83.9, just about 84 per cent, were lost to predation, and of\nthose predator losses, that is of this 84 per cent, loss, dogs, domestic dogs, accounted\nfor 76 per cent., three-quarters of the predator losses were to domestic dogs. It would\njust break your heart to see some of the things that we saw. We turn out 200\nbirds and go back three days later and find fifty or sixty lying mangled around the area\nin which we released them. Domestic cats accounted for another 5 per cent., that is,\n81 per cent, of the losses were to domestic dogs and domestic cats. Hawks accounted\nfor 3 per cent, and foxes for an unknown number, but lower than even the hawks.\nThis brings me to the hunt. The local situation will not be known to all of you, the\nLadner-Delta municipality is right next to Vancouver, and the sportsmen of Vancouver\nthrong the Fraser Valley during the opening days of the hunting season. In years\nprevious to last year, quite a number of hunters from the Lower Mainland go to the\nOkanagan for their hunting.   Last fall the hunting season on pheasants was closed in REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948. X 73\nthe Okanagan, further concentrating the hunting on the Lower Mainland. We have a\nsituation in British Columbia that is of advantage to us that I understand is not possessed \" south of the line.\" In the interest of obtaining statistics we can block highways and stop cars. With the co-operation of the Provincial Police, the enforcement\nofficers of the Game Commission on the Lower Mainland, and sixteen university students\nin wild-life management, we put road blocks on all roads leading out of our experimental\nareas. We stopped all cars and examined the birds that were in the car. The sportsmen\nco-operated admirably; there was only one man who really raised any objection at all to\nbeing stopped, and he was in his cups.\nThe results that we got were these. On the first day of the season we checked over\n1,000 birds out of our area, 1,055 birds. Nine hundred and forty-four of those were\nwild and 111 were released, with a ratio of one released bird to 8.5 wild birds. On the\nsecond day of the season we checked out another 600 birds, with a proportion of one\nreleased bird to eleven wild birds. On the second week-end of the season we checked\nonly eighty-nine birds. Thus the sportsmen took them on the first week-end of the\nseason, or the ones that were left were much harder to get, and so on down. We had\nthree week-ends in the hunting season.\nThe recovery of birds by non-resident hunters, that is, hunters that did not live in\nDelta Municipality, was 1,646 wild-raised birds and 175 released birds, with the ratio\nof roughly one to ten. In other words, the released birds, of which we released 2,500\nhens and cocks, made up just 10 per cent, of the actual kill on the area. In checking\nthis number we checked 3,000 hunters, with a success of 0.61 bird per hunter.\nWe were then faced with finding out what the local residents had killed, the farmers\nof the district and the businessmen and residents in Ladner itself. To do this, we made\na preliminary attempt to have the men co-operate directly. We inserted an advertisement in the Ladner paper, asking the people would they please turn in the bands that\nthey had taken from their pheasants, and just leave a little note on the number of\nunhanded pheasants they had taken at the same time as they took these banded birds.\nWe got four bands back as a result of that advertisement. The next approach was a\nmore direct one. We got the licence sales in the Municipality of Ladner and we made\na straight 10 per cent, sample approach. We went down the line ringing door-bells, and\nwhen the sportsman came to the door we asked him whether he hunted pheasants, how\nmany pheasants he had killed, and how many of those birds were birds that we had\nreleased. We got excellent co-operation. We assured them that we were not at that\nmoment law-enforcement officers, and quite a number of them admitted getting more\nthan the season's bag-limit.\nThe results that we got were exceedingly interesting to me. We found out that the\n650-odd licensed hunters of the Ladner Municipality had shot 2,756 pheasants. They\nhad shot almost double the number of pheasants that the combined attack of the hunters\nof Vancouver had been able to obtain. This interested me, too, because the general\nimpression was that some of the farmers knew where the released birds were and had\ngone out and cleaned them up. We found that the proportion of released birds to the\ntotal kill of the resident hunters was almost exactly the same as the proportion of\nreleased birds to the non-resident hunters. In other words, they hadn't selectively\nremoved the released birds.\nThe net result was this: We got back 38.8 per cent, of the cock birds we released.\nA little bit better than a third of the birds we turned loose was actually recovered, and\nthat is an absolute check on a bag basis. In terms of the total release, we got back 19.4\nper cent. The age ratio was another item of interest because it gives you some idea of\nthe hunting intensity. Only 5 per cent, of the birds that were shot last year were over\na year old. Ninety-five per cent, of the kill were hatched in the year they were shot.\nThat gives you some idea of what a dense population of gunners do to a pheasant population, and yet the pheasant population is sufficiently resilient that it will come right X 74 BRITISH COLUMBIA.\nback and produce you a good hunting season next year, provided you leave the hens.\nThat is one of the things that disturbed us most, it's a thing that we're going to try to\nmeasure this year, the proportion of the hens that were shot by the hunters. As you\nunderstand, it's very difficult to measure. Nobody's going to admit how many hens he\nshot, or wounded, or shot at.\nThere are several ways we can get at it. A number of the States in the Union have\nattempted to do this and they have come up with rather disquieting figures. One State\nestimated that 40 per cent, of their hens were killed during the hunting season.\nAnother State came up with the figure that up to 60 per cent, of their hens was killed\nduring the hunting season. No State that has attempted to determine hen losses found\nthat less than 20 per cent, of their hens was killed during the hunting season.\nWe have two ways of doing it, by direct ground-covering with dogs looking for\ndead hen pheasants. That's not very satisfactory. A much better way would be for us\nto put in the field an unknown number of observers. These would be sportsmen that we\nhave asked to co-operate who will tally for us the number of times they see cocks shot\nat and the number of times they see hens shot at. That will give us a proportion that\nwe can use against the known number of cocks that we will obtain from our bag-check\nand enable us to obtain a figure on the mortality, or attempted mortality at least,\nattempted mayhem on the hens.   That is something we're going to try to find this year.\nOne of the most important improvements we could make in management would be\nto persuade the sportsmen to be that in fact, and to leave the hens alone. What we have\nfound out shows that there is very little damage that can be done to a pheasant population by an open hunting season provided the sportsmen will shoot cocks only.\nChairman (F. R. Butler).\u2014Thank you, very much, Dr. Cowan, for your wonderful\npaper. I am sure the sportsmen here will appreciate the hard work that your students\nand yourself did in this very important pheasant check last fall. It is surprising to me\nbecause, from time to time, and I am sure that Mr. Cunningham will support me in\nthis remark, we have been approached by representatives of game associations saying\nthis\u2014that in releasing farm-raised pheasants they are really tame birds and that there\nis a heavy toll taken on the opening day, or the first two days of the season. Your\ninvestigation, Doctor, indicates conclusively that that statement is absolutely inaccurate\nand is not based on fact. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948.\nSTATISTICAL STATEMENTS.\nX 75\nComparative Statistics, 1913 to 1948, inclusive.\nProsecutions.\nRevenue\nderived from\nSale of Game\nLicences\nand Fees.\nCalendar Year.\nInformations\nlaid.\nConvictions.\nCases\ndismissed.\nFirearms\nconfiscated.\nFines\nimposed.\nderived from\nFur Trade.\n1913 .    .\n188\n294\n279\n127\n111\n194\n267\n293\n329\n359\n309\n317\n296\n483\n518\n439\n602\n678\n676\n538\n498\n477\n454\n451\n585\n613\n647\n440\n446\n409\n356\n379\n652\n819\n895\n1,142\n181\n273\n258\n110\n97\n167\n242\n266\n312\n317\n280\n283\n279\n439\n469\n406\n569\n636\n625\n497\n474\n454\n438\n436\n552\n574\n526\n419\n430\n392\n342\n372\n632\n798\n878\n1,117\n7\n21\n21\n17\n14\n17\n25\n27\n17\n42\n29\n34\n17\n44\n49\n33\n33\n32\n51\n41\n24\n23\n16\n15\n33\n39\n21\n21\n16\n17\n14\n7\n20\n21\n17\n25\n5\n36\n46\n74\n44\n24\n24\n43\n39\n47\n29\n54\n33\n40\n37\n22\n4\n19\n14\n20\n42\n21\n18\n9\n27\n18\n8\n30\n39\n56\n74\n$4,417.50\n5,050.00\n4,097.50\n2,050.00\n1,763.50\n3,341.00\n6,024.50\n6,073.00\n6,455.00\n7,275.00\n5,676.60\n4,758.00\n5,825.00\n7,454.00\n10,480.50\n7,283.50\n9,008.00\n9,572.75\n8,645.00\n5,493.50\n3,531.00\n5,227.82\n4,399.50\n3,965.00\n5,332.50\n5,729.50\n4,776.50\n5,197.00\n4,977.50\n5,079.50\n5,554.60\n5,570.50\n8,381.50\n10,921.00\n11,837.60\n17,537.00\n$109,600.80\n92,034.20\n72,974.25\n66,186.97\n65,487.50\n75,537.00\n116,135.00\n132,296.50\n114,842.00\n127,111.50\n121,639.50\n125,505.50\n123,950.50\n135,843.50\n139,814.00\n140,014.76\n142,028.22\n147,660.00\n137,233.31\n141,269.55\n135,876.94\n149,955.11\n148,689.64\n157,647.30\n177,771.33\n192,024.07\n193,170.53\n188,605.20\n213,267.67\n205,451.71\n207,661.72\n238,902.36\n352,228.85\n502,555.25\n597,529.30\n610,383.56\n1914\t\n1915\t\n1916\t\n1917\t\n1918\t\n1919\t\n1920\t\n$5,291.39\n1921\t\n24,595.80\n1922\t\n51,093.89\n1923\t\n60,594.18\n1924\t\n56,356.68\n1925\t\n1926\t\n56,287.78\n62,535.13\n1927\t\n71,324.96\n1928\t\n58,823.07\n1929\t\n47,329.89\n1930\t\n45,161.11\n1931.\t\n46,091.08\n1932\t\n40,363.79\n1933\t\n44,167.48\n1934\t\n47,102.81\n1935\t\n1936\t\n49,831.95\n52,196.50\n1937\t\n1938\t\n53,697.48\n44,963.87\n1939\t\n1940\t\n49,187.00\n68,466.33\n1941\t\n1942\t\n1943\t\n1944\t\n63,125.30\n68,475.07\n58,354.03\n70,363.23\n1945\t\n1946\t\n104,260.95\n107,357.72\n1947\t\n1948\t\n99.344.14\n73,392.08\n16,460\n15,540\n900\n996\n$228,761.57\n$6,598,885.09\n$1 680 124.69 x 76 british columbia.\nSummary of Total Revenue derived from Sale of Various Licences, Collections,\netc., January 1st to December 31st, 1948.\nRevenue derived from\u2014 Total.\nSale of resident firearms licences, deer and moose tags.\u2014 $266,690.75\nSale of resident anglers', guides', and prospectors' firearms licences  \u2666.  61,730.00\nSale of non-resident firearms and anglers' licences and\noutfitters' licences   171,546.00\nSale   of   non-resident   ordinary  firearms   and   anglers'\n(minors) licences  1,247.00\nSale of fur-traders', taxidermists', and tanners' licences,\nand royalty on fur  73,392.08\nSale of confiscated and surrendered fur  558.53\nSale of confiscated firearms  84.33\nCollection of big-game trophy fees from non-residents._._ 106,555.00\nProsecutions\u2014Fines imposed under the \" Game Act\"  17,537.00\nMiscellaneous revenue  1,981.95\nTotal   $701,322.64 REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948.\nX 77\n0)ifl\u00ablQC!O00NMDolflO(0O!Dt\u00bbmt-mroMMOO(Ct.HOOC0>OHffl^O\u00ab^OO\nIO ^*0\u00bbWrt\u00bbO^r^^rH       Oi       \u00bb0 CJ rH 00 UrtoN IOO rHCftI>0J CO ,-,\" CO* CcToj ^t^Co'lO\n\u00bb rH CO ^ CO        rH\n00\nOI\neo\nH\n\u00ab\nS\nH\no\no\ncd\n<!\nt>\nr?\n<!\nr-S\n\u00abT\no\nr?\nH\nO\n<\nH\nw\nQ\n3\n\u00ab\nfc\no\nH\nH\nB\na\n<c\nri\nCQ\n\u25baJ\nfc\nfc\n6\nS\n<!\noooocooooooooooooooooooooooooooo\noooooooooooqoooooooqooooooocooo\nU!OmOffi^Mt-^MfflHn^OlQNWmt.lOC-HMHHO CO m\nU3H CJ       NHtO       IO       rH OJ rH       O IO 00 IO       rH       rH OJ IO\nco\"\nOJCft coca\nt-COiOCOeO-^\u00abOCDTHCOrHOVC-rHCOt-rHOtD\u00abMOlOC-OJCiOO-*-*COt-l>\nCJ CO Oi IO \"<H CJ rH CO OJ CO ^i-   CO OJ IO OJ SO t* rH 00 OJ OO   CD  IOO     CO OJ\nCJ        rH   rH   CO   OJ      r^ IO CJ ^P OJ rH      CJ\n00 eo CJ O\n\u25a0* tr- t- OJ\nHrf rHrH\ns\n<\noooooooo\nOOLOOCJOOIO\ntH CO \"* CO Cs O CO\n\u00a9OlLOWOlOlOlCNOlr\nTfOOM\nOICMC-COOOOICOt\nr^C^leOC001r^COrHr^0^r^CO^LOW\u25a0^l'T^J'CNt-CO\u25a0n,\ni-H-\nwo\ni\n<!\no\no\nb\nCM\nO^-\nCO\no\nIO\nen\no\nIO\noi\no\nio\nrH\nOO\nIO LO\nt^ oi\nOI \"*}<\no\nO\nb\no\nO\nO\nIO\ntN\n00\n00\neo\nt-\nHC-\n\u25a0^f\nCO\nOS\nen\ns\n<\nOOCiCOiHOlCOOOOOCOCO\nCNOicOolOCO^oO'^OOi\nOlrHOI^OJCOOIlOLOOO..\nOOOQOOOOO\nooooooooo\n^ddddc-o'ejco\nOOCOlOOOClCO^LQOO\n\"\"*        rH CO CO CN rH        t*i\nrH T-l        01\nMOt-'JIOfOObcBHC-OIO.NH\nOlOCOCNOr-lCOLOCOLOC-CSOOCOOOCOeO\noi \u25a0* oi io m oi co co     mto     \u25a0^loco^o\nco\"      CNCN t-A OI\nlOICiOllOt-LOt-OCOiOO\n:WHW-*NcocqcocooOT\nCOt-C\u00abCXc001t>LO-eft-COOCOCCjO]COCO\nOI \"# CM LO IO OI O CO   LO CO r-t *\u00a5 CO -rf IO CN\nCO   CN CN rH      tN\nO o\no\noo\no\no\nrH CO\nOI\nf-t\np ol oi cn eo oi co t> rH co eo : rH m\n\u00a7\nooooooooooooo\nOOOoOOOOOOOOO\nt^^oi^iOrHcxJbbboi^oc^\n^HCnOcO^t-^OSCNOOOrHlO\nt-< w h eo oo t-1-      v\u2014ieooooi\n\u00a9OOOOQOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO\nOOOpOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOO\nWOOaOOMCDCNC^OOt-MC^o6rtWb,^ffJl>dc)NCiDC^COl>\n^Tt<MWWW^TfCCCOQHHffi^l^MN^t^^nt-CiCr)OCi)\no oi o io i-h \u25a0* cn co co cn o eo rH \"* to     co co io co co cm eo \u25a0<* co\nCO i-H CO\" -^ LOr-T 1-H i-H tOrH i-<\nii CO t- O LOO\nH CN 00 rH t- rH\nCO CO CO\ncoocoiaoi>t^MC.aiwoNOvaiKicooii.T\n^^OCSeOCOCOLO^-^Ol^l'CN'^OOr-'eO-^'OCNC\nCOM01ffiCX.O<7.0COCONlXCOrHLOt-C\u00bbCOCOrHlOCT.iH^lOOO\u00bb3C^\nCOHHHHNCOOWHHHWO-ncCMMHHM^ajCOOH^^N^CCt-MM^WmM'ffiMH\nC1LO        N^racOCDC^I^COmi>M^NHOHWWClOHHWCOrf^OONi>IOW^ \u25a0*)\u25a0 OI OI i-H\n-*j~ CM* i-H CJ IO* rH \"^        -31 rH rH t- CO        CCHCOHHHNN CO IH lfl-<#HH\nC<5H^M<OMt-ONHri'COHt-lOmrTWHt~UCOMCXm^OHMt-WM\u00ae\nLOt-       t^O^IOOcOt-OOCDCD(\u00bbOO^^NCOi>WCOWCOOCjOCOTt'TfcO\u00a9Cn-~Hm\nCO rH CO C5 IO OI C- ^ OI CO OI CN \"*        CO CO CO \"* O OI O CO rH CO-sf ^f OI t-O] i-H O LO i-H Tf^QM\nrH Co\"rH I-H        rH of rH        to\"       1-7 rH OOrHCO*\n\u25a0it\nI^PhCSPh^,\n^TirCr^   r,\nMill \"fi I Jlili .fi is.1 full 11\nOOOOnfcfcOOOMMMjSr?rHr5r50fcfcrHPHrHrl,C3'KKKlalCOH>>\n>t* X 78\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nRevenue derived from Sale op Moose and Deer Tags, January 1st\nto December 31st, 1948.\nGovernment Agency.\nAlberni\t\nAshcroft\t\nAtlin\t\nBarkerville\t\nClinton\t\nCranbrook\t\nCreston\t\nCumberland\t\nDuncan\t\nFernie\t\nFort Fraser\t\nGolden\t\nGrand Forks\t\nGreenwood\t\nKamloops\t\nKaslo\t\nKelowna\t\nLillooet\t\nMerritt\t\nNanaimo\t\nNelson\t\nNew Denver\t\nNew Westminster..\nOliver\t\nPenticton\t\nPouce Coupe\t\nPowell River\t\nPrince George\t\nPrince Rupert\t\nPrinceton\t\nQuesnel\t\nRevelstoke\t\nRossland\t\nSalmon Arm\t\nSmithers\t\nStewart\t\nTelegraph Creek\t\nVancouver\t\nVernon\t\nVictoria\t\nWilliams Lake\t\nMoose-tags.\nNo.\n24\n48\n28\n73\n387\n661\n17\n184\n322\n234\n601\n6\n197\n47\n17\n50\n36\n5\n1,064\n28\n107\n726\n4\n887\n207\n9\n250\n56\n43\n110\n222\nTotals..\n12\n1,048\n199\n68\n289\n8,304\nAmount.\n$24.00\n48.00\n28.00\n73.00\n387.00\n661.00\n38.00\n17.00\n184.00\n322.00\n234.00\n601.00\n6.00\n197.00\n47.00\n17.00\n50.00\n36.00\n5.00\n1,064.00\n28.00\n107.00\n726.00\n4.00\n887.00\n207.00\n9.00\n250.00\n56.00\n43.00\n110.00\n222.00\n12.00\n1,048.00\n199.00\n68.00\n289.00\nDeer-tags.\nNo.\n3,310\n353\n232\n984\n3,534\n1,487\n6,873\n3,428\n1,649\n512\n1,322\n628\n599\n3,730\n258\n2,898\n771\n575\n5,653\n1,995\n552\n8,586\n1,355\n2,509\n1,924\n731\n1,551\n1,595\n1,436\n955\n272\n1,694\n1,281\n335\n10\n$8,304.00\n9,940\n3,014\n6,770\n1,196\n86,497\nAmount.\n$827.50\n88.25\n58.00\n246.00\n883.50\n371.75\n1,718.25\n857.00\n412.25\n128.00\n330.50\n157.00\n149.75\n932.50\n64.50\n724.50\n192.75\n143.75\n1,413.25\n498.75\n138.00\n2,146.50\n338.75\n627.25\n481.00\n182.75\n387.75\n398.75\n359.00\n238.75\n68.00\n423.50\n320.25\n83.75\n2.50\n2,485.00\n753.5(0\n1,692.50\n299.00\n$21,624.25\nTotals.\n$851.50\n136.25\n28.00\n131.00\n633.00\n1,544.50\n409.75\n1,718.25\n874.00\n596.25\n450.00\n564.50\n157.00\n149.75\n1,533.50\n70.50\n921.50\n239.75\n160.75\n1,463.25\n534.75\n143.00\n3,210.50\n366.75\n734.25\n1,207.00\n186.75\n1,274.75\n605.75\n368.00\n488.75\n124.00\n466.50\n430.25\n305.75\n2.50\n12.00\n3,533.00\n952.50\n1,760.50\n588.00\n$29,928.25 REPORT OP PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948.\nX 79\nRevenue derived from Sale of Resident Anglers', Guides', Free Farmers', and\nProspectors' Firearms Licences, January 1st to December 31st, 1948.\nGovernment Agency.\nAnglers.\nGuides.\nFree\nFarmers.\nProspectors.\nTotal.\nNo.\nAmount.\nNo.\nAmount.\nNo.\nNo.\nAmount.\n1,321\n222\n1\n780\n1,989\n1,006\n2,296\n1,230\n1,108\n670\n417\n278\n2,618\n261\n2,208\n381\n593\n2,140\n2,591\n558\n8,734\n433\n1,867\n744\n6\n2\n922\n3\n451\n1,919\n1,097\n1\n8,043\n1,748\n2,626\n110\n$1,321.00\n222.00\n1\n2\n3\n191\n16\n8\n14\n6\n39\n63\n81\n22\n101\n1\n18\n2\n2\n19\n1\n13\n110\n69\n8\n5\n40\n3\n13\n18\n15\n13\n9\n167\n$10.00\n15\n5\n14\n25\n16\n32\n57\n23\n30\n37\n30\n102\n4\n43\n11\n17\n85\n47\n4\n140\n1\n8\n51\n10\n53\n9\n3\n32\n8\n2\n45\n42\n41\n122\n105\n22\n12\n13\n18\n24\n9\n29\n4\n3\n19\n3\n5\n14\n13\n13\n8\n65\n3\n3\n14\n3\n25\n2\n3\n17\n61\n19\n35\n21\n6\n23\n10\n19\n6\n11\n141\n25\n13\n35\n$4.00\n$1,335.00\n222.00\n20.00\n40.00\n2,015.00\n135.00\n75.00\n110.00\n50.00\n390.00\n480.00\n815.00\n215.00\n20.00\n1.00\n780.00\n1,989.00\n1,006.00\n2,296.00\n1,230.00\n1,108.00\n41.00\n2,795.00\n2,124.00\n1,081.00\n2,406.00\n1,280.00\nl,498i00\n480.00\n670.00\n417.00\n278.00\n2,618.00\n261.00\n2,208.00\n381.00\n593.00\n2,140.00\n2,591.00\n558.00\n8,734.00\n433.00\n1,867.00\n1,485.00\n5.00\n637.00\n278.00\n986.00\n1.00\n3,605.00\n261.00\nKelowna\t\n3.00\n160.00\n20.00\n20.00\n180.00\n3.00\n1.00\n2,214.00\n542.00\nMerritt\t\n613.00\n1.00\n2,161.00\n2,771.00\n558.00\n15.00\n2.00\n1.00\n8,751.00\n434.00\nPenticton\t\n140.00\n855.00\n2,007.00\n855.00\n744.00\n6.00\n2.00\n922.00\n3.00\n451.00\n1,919.00\n1,097100\n744.00\n605.00\n85.00\n50.00\n420.00\n35.00\n5.00\n3.00\n7.00\n2.00\n616.00\n90.00\n979.00\n425.00\n486.00\n1,919.00\n110.00\n150.00\n1,207.00\n150.00\n1.00\n1.00\n150.00\n88.00\n75.00\n150.00\n8,043.00\n1,748.00\n2,626.00\n110.00\n11.00\n8,142.00\n1,823.00\n2,626.00\n1,805.00\n3.00\n1,918.00\n51,374\n$51,374.00\n1,073\n$10,307.00\n1,291\n747\n$49.00\n$61,730.00 X 80\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nto co co OO IO\nHfljUirlin\nJO co       -\nOOJCOcocOCO'ri'OICftt-COCOOcOCO(7iCJl>COCOCJCOt-\"Otr-cOCOOOOOCOU3t-C\nC-cOCCb-cOlOOCJC\u2014 OJ\u00abHirHCO.rti-3'cjHf\u00bbOrHrHlOiOCOC-COC-JlQrHO\"iHS<C--*l,r\nIO O ,Ot-OJ rH CO-c** cpOiOi t\u2014rH IO\"** CO CO ^f CD OJ IO CO CJ T? CO Oi Oi rH CO -^ t\nIO \"^ CJ        IQrHlOCO        CO        t\u2014 rHco\"       IO Oi CO IO        ^ rH CO CJir\nCO\nw\ncj\n\u25a0A\nCJ\niH\no a H\nH\nO\nW\nP\nifil\nm\n\u00a7 3 a j\nfcl^\nz\u00a73\nS H\nJ2\n<;\n8.\na \u00a7 <j>\ns\nSg8\no\nfc z z\nM\nj<g\nfc\n^\nQ\nz<\nfc)\na\n>\nO\no\no\nb\nLO\no\nO\nb\no\no\no\nb\no\nOI\nO\no\nb\nLO\nooooooooo\u00a9\u00a9\u00a9\nLOOOOLOlOlOOLOkOLOO\n^oiot>edboi-^Hi\u2014(eoeded\nCOTjit- lOOHO        t-rH\nOOOO\nOlOlOp\ncoodedc-\nlO CO CO\nbu\n<\neoiococx>oieooi^cocn^cooic\u00bbcocotococooii>cxoiooi>otooj\nl>HNNHCDWCPOt*C^^NCNOlO^C?HHC1N^^I>C010\u00ablOOHt^\u00abt-N\nXJICO lOHOlCO^CCNOHCOCDC-ia        (OOOO!        rHlOi-irt\"        HKIHHiHCOt-\nW\" rHoTcNrH rHCo\"      -sf      t> eo\"      eo'cnof rHCO\nOIOl-^ CO\nt- co eo t-\nWNOM\nC50U3^^\u00abOC\u00bbCOrHCOt>OIOCOIr*CX)CXJCO^^eOrHrt\u00abCOrJl^b-COCOOL^\nO-* i-IOWOOlOO.'tf'^'^'tflOOC-Ht-Ht-       OCOHCD       OI IO rH i-H OI CO CO\nOlCO-^fOI rH^Jt        tOr-ICO rH \"#        CO CO CO OI IO\nt- eo oi cn\nCO t- IO CO\nCOrHrH\nOO\nop\nLO IO\no\no\nCO\nto\no\no\nIO*\no\no\ncs\nCO\no\no\nto\no\np\nIO\no\no\no\nb\neo\n1\no\no\nb\ncp\nft*\no\no\nb\no\nDlOirjlOlO-^LOOLOOiOOiCOOt-OOLOlOiftlO\nHt-cNi>oicncoLooioiococnioo-.ioot-oit-oi\n9- COHCOlOMHDOt-NCOOHH IO CO\nOLOlOrHOt-COlOlOCnJOrHCO\nlOWOJrtlftrfHCMt-t-NHCD\nNcOH\u00abHMiHH\u00abiO^OtJ* REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948.\nX 81\nStatement of Non-resident Ordinary Firearms and Anglers' (Minors) Licences,\nJanuary 1st to December 31st, 1948.\nGovernment Agency.\nNon-resident Ordinary\nFirearms Licences.\nAnglers' Licences\n(Minors).\nTotal.\nNo.\nAmount.\nNo.\nAmount.\n1\n3\n1\n1\n$3.00\n1.00\n1.00\n$3.00\n4\n2\n1.00\n1.00\n$12.00\n49         |             49.00\n11                      11.00\n58                      58.00\n42                      42.00\n2                        2.00\n16                      16.00\n7                        7.00\n46                      46.00\n37                      37.00\n1         1               1.00\n61.00\n11.00\n58.00\n42.00\n2.00\n16.00\n6.00\n13.00\n1                        3.00\n49.00\n1\n1\n12\n37.00\n1.00\n3.00\n68\n12\n126\n1\n3\n8\n32\n408\n114\n18\n2\n4\n1\n1\n4\n3\n33\n30\n13\n17\n12\n68.00\n12.00\n126.00\n1.00\n3.00\n8.00\n32.00\n408.00\n114.00\n18.00\n2.00\n4.00\n1.00\n1.00\n4.00\n3.00\n33.00\n30.00\n13.00\n17.00\n12.00\n71.00\n12.00\n3.00\n129.00\n1.00\n3.00\n8.00\n32.00\n408.00\n\t\n114.00\n18.00\n2.00\n4.00\n1.00\n1.00\n4.00\n3.00\n33.00\n30.00\n36.00\n49.00\n17.00\n12.00\n21\n$63.00\n1,184\n$1,184.00\n$1,247.00 X 82\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nOJ   (M   Oi   CO   O\n00   Oi   C-   CO   h*\ntQ  A  ri  ^CJC-OOOIflNcerittMOcliSCj'\nOOJCOrHCDCOrHCOCO CO   Ci   t\u2014   \"*   IO   C\u2014   CO   hh\nCi    hH     CO    t-    C-    rH\nO   ^   M   t-   O   O\n00 O   -^ rH\nM\nP\nfa\n\u00a9\nH\nJ\n<!\no\na\n<\nCQ\nH\nO\nw\nu\nCQ\nw\n<!\nP\nZ\nto\noc a\no o\n11\na \"to\na q.\nsl\nx z\n-<z\nZ\no\n<\n81\na\n<\nX\no\nW\ns\n<\neo\n00\nO\nO\nIO\nOI\no\n00\neo\nUS\no\nOI\no\neo\no\nCO\no\nLO\n\u00a9\no\nO\ncn\no\no\nCO\nOI\n09\nen\ntr\nCO\nCO\no\nOI\nIO\nCO\no\nen\ncn\no\no\nCM\no\nLO\ncn\n<*\n69-\nOI\neo\n\u25a0f\n<o\nto\nLO\nCM\nCO\neo\neo\no\neo\nLO\nCO\no\nrH\no\ncn\nIO\nto\no\nOI\nio\nri\ncn\ncn\nm\nCO\ncn\nCO\nCO\nCO\nLO\nto\n-r\nr-t\nIO\ncn\n\"*\nN    C-    f   if    H    rl\no\nCO\nCQ    fS\nZ \"\nm a\no u\nH Z\nla\nz>-<\n11\nop\n<;fc\nEh\na r-\ni S\nd \u00a7\n\u00a3*\u00bb\np\nfa\nfc\no\nH\n\u25baJ\n<\na\no\n\u00ab\nfc\nQ\nP\nH\nO\nfc\nP\nr5\nfc\n>\nfc\na \u00a3\ng K\na tj\nS to\nEh Z\ni \u00ab!\nfcc\ngro\nw p\n\u00ab3\ns\nooo\nooo\nOI   OJ   CO\n\u00bb*    CM    OI    CO\no\nft\nUl\ntf\nw\no\n<\n\u00ab   \u2022\nfc bj\nEh\u00a3\nCd\nQ\nIO    O    O    LO    O\nt-    LO    LO    t-    O\n\"*   i-1 OI\neo  co  co co oo\no o o o o\no o o o o\nb io b b b\nLO oi o io io\nh \u00a3 E\n.   m OrO\n\u00ab b .S rf\n<3 M O O\nH S-. rH\n.'Si\n2 E\n9  o\ng \u25a0* .2\n5   3\no \u00ab\nft >\na a c .2 g\nfi 4S   fc   _\nCO    CJ    CJ   <y   o\nCJfcfcOMMlj!Sr5r5r5rHCM\ns| ills f \u00bb g g-gi\nt -c S S o g 5 \"3 P B ,S i\ncHfcO'riHPHracQc-i>>>! report of provincial game commission, 1948.\nTotal Collections from Fur Trade, 1921 to 1948, inclusive.\nX 83\nYear.\nFur Royalty\nor Tax.\nFur-traders',\nTanners', and\nTaxidermists'\nLicences.\nTotal.\n1921                                  \t\n$24,595.80\n51,093.89\n60,594.18\n56,356.68\n48,737.78\n56,045.13\n61,629.96\n51,563.07\n40,769.89\n40,431.11\n41,056.08\n36,253.79\n39,592.48\n42,697.81\n44,986.95\n46,186.50\n47,257.48\n39,423.87\n44,238.00\n62,745.33\n56,755.30\n63,176.07\n52,122.03\n63,412.23\n93,793.40\n98,766.72\n92,637.14\n66,939.08\n$6,195.00\n6,365.00\n6,930.00\n6,090.00\n7,650.00\n6,490.00\n9,695.00\n7,260.00\n6,560.00\n4,730.00\n4,925.00\n4,110.00\n4,675.00\n4,405.00\n4,845.00\n6,010.00\n6,440.00\n5,540.00\n4,949.00\n5,721.00\n6,370.00\n5,299.00\n6,232.00\n6,951.00\n10,559.00\n8,591.00\n6,707.00\n6,453.00\n$30,790.80\n1922\t\n57,458.89\n1923\t\n67,524.18\n1924\t\n62,446.68\n1925\t\n56,287.78\n1926\t\n62,535.13\n1927\t\n71,324.96\n1928\t\n58,823.07\n1929\t\n47,329.89\n1930\t\n45,161.11\n1931                 \t\n45,981.08\n1932\t\n40,363.79\n1933\t\n44,167.48\n47,102.81\n49,831.95\n52,196.50\n53,697.48\n44,963.87\n49,187.00\n68,466.33\n63,125.30\n68,475.07\n58,354.03\n70,363.23\n104 352 40\n1934\t\n1936\t\n1936\t\n1937\t\n1938\t\n1939\t\n1940\t\n1941\t\n1942\t\n1943\t\n1944\t\n1945\t\n1946\t\n107,357.72\n99,344.14\n73,392.08\n1947\t\n1948\t\nTotals\t\n$1,523,857.75\n$176,547.00\n$1,700,404.75 X 84\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\na\nH\nH\nU\nw\n-J\nr-l\no\nu\nz\nw\nw\nm\nCO\n<!\nP\n>H\nH\n-J\n<\nrH\no\n\u00ab\nW\nu\nP\ng\nbs\nrQ\nr?\no\nP\n\u25baJ\nU\nro\n2\n\u25baJ\n<i\nK\na\n00\n1<\n2\nC5\nrH\n<d\nO\nC5\nH\nr?\nH\nH\nIN\nW\n05\n<c\nrH\nw\nQ\nO\nP\nfa\nBS\nP\nfa\nfc\no\nfc\nw\nCQ\nH\nH\nr-l\no\nW\n2\nfa\nBS\nu\nP\nr?\no\n\u00a3\no\nW\nCQ\nH\n2\nW\na\nw\nH\n<\nH\nC7J\nEh\n<c\nBS\ns\no\nu\n4*1\n\u2022auuaAio^\n*PSB3AV\n\u2022[ajjinbs\n\u20223iun3is\n\u2022uooDBy;\n\u2022\u25a0la-WO\n'^\u25a0BJ3jsnpj[\n^tt|M\n\u2022ua^jeirj\n\u2022xtiXi\n-(paui-iBjl)\n\u25a0JtOBia 'XOj[\n\u2022(pauuB^)\nanta 'xo^\n\u2022pan 'x\u00b0.\u00a3\n\u2022ssojo 'xoj;\n\u2022jaAHfi 'xo^\nuaqst^\n\\13Ai8aa\nM33pttQ\n\\n\u00bbg\nlo  qi eo i\nO    to    LO    t\no to CO  to\ntoeooit-totoc--coco_e>*ocooioieotot-cn\nlOLOcnOiCOCOLOOICO'^LOt-OIrHOitOCOeO\nONlOCOOHWIWft-HH'Jt-t-ceffi\nNiaCDlOTCUJCOlO^^l1^\n\u00a9COCj5H{r3lONI>M^CCCDci5b't\u00bbl>c3ilOHMCCCDCOfflONTf01\nOIOirHLOOOIOOOCMlOOeOCOOOItOC-rHCi rH^fOiOIOtOt-COO\nCOOJOIOIOacOlO^COCOOIOIOlOIOHlOIOIOIrHolOJrHrHOlOIOIrHOl\nLOCOCOC\u00bbOWC-OIcnoCOt-i-HtDOt^CWOC^oCncn-=J,tOOirHOIlO\nMOOt-HWnOOrlMffiWNCfiHO^iarocO'JOlrlMMHfflM\nOICO'^CMNOeOt-COOaOCOCOtOOeOOiH.H^CiWrHNOIOO'**'\nt-iocoiocnoi^oioi^ti\nOilOCOr-HlOOilOCOrH'\"\nt-COOi^CCOIOOOiOO\nN    O)    O*  N   IO    O)   H    H    M\nCOOOOC-t-t-t-CMLO'.\nLO-*t<tO-tfCO*tft\u00a9iiOCO\nrHioeOrHNcooi'^uat\u2014 eoowMeoMiHiocn^eot-i^oit-cooi\nCOHHCOOOCCHNM'rliTfriC0100ro[.c<INHt-MCONCt)T|i\nMt-COCOMl-HHC-COWCOlOlSM^M^M^n^MIO'liMH\nCO   00   Ci   t-   CO\nl-HOi-^fLOOiOCOi-H^HOi-HlOrHOlCOtO\n10l00roWNM^t-O.C-IOClHC<)l6l.\nCO    O    N    IO    O.    H    ^_   H    CJ    t-_   H    O    CO    \u25a0*    OJ   M    C.    N    H    t-    CO    H    H    IO    OI    O    CO    t-\nOI*  CO*  io\"  \"\u00abi*  -<cl\"   IO*  I\nc-t-ioeococooioiiHoioioiol\nCO    CO    CO    OI\ncoiaMocococoHCjait-iMmoM^Tfict-\ntOi-HMtOrHCX)OCOlOCOOt60It-t--lOOICiCO\ntO   Oi   CO   C\u2014   C\u2014   C\u2014   ^   ***   *^   '**\"*   r*% *~~   \"^   \"^   ^-   ****\ntOt-OitOlOt-rHLO\ni-H    OI    CO    \u25a0\"#    OI    IO\nI)0COC\u00bb3COt^l>lOi>l\u00bblOCBt>t^-*'^t>Cp00t-CO\nLOC^t\u00a3>Oii-HO^OtOOOOJOrHaiiHtOtOCO\u00ab3oimiHOIC005COCN\nOOMTl'CJICONMraoOMOMHMroCOHWONWMCCTrbCOKI\nHW_0010CO^OOHCOIOO)10NHMiaH10lOIOI>t-'\"\nt-   rH    O    tO*   IO    C\u2014    I\nO    Ci    fc-    fc-    00    rH\nWNtCHMWW00C\u00a3)W00l>C0M\u00abNOC0CIlC01O'JiML-10C010H\nmMt-ooifl^towoiwi-iOoL'.ioe.^t-Mt'NOooeit-!'\ntO^OiOIOIt\u2014   HlOfflNWlOQO'J'JiCClOHlOO.tO^'JieCiatON\nO   00   Oi   O   00   Tp   i\n1-HrHrHOIrHCNrHi-H\noorHeOo\u00bboooooLOOitOocot-cn\nNCO^COCONOrlcOt-CDWeO^t-\nrHrHOt-lO CnOC003rHOt--**<t-Cn\nrH    CM*   O    rH    t>   C\"       \"\nrHOOOOOrHOt-LO^rH\ntpcot-oio^t-^oc-,.\n\"tfotooieoLoocotocnc-\nrH    Oi   O0    00    rH    Oi\nOCiOOCiCiCJOOCOrH^-HrHi-Ht-\nCWCOOWOWt-M^O.M^COHt-HNlOCOBMOC.lOCON\n\u25a0VlOCOMWiaxClCOMOlt'ffl'tfCOOlOMNNOil-NHCO^ffin\nNCOCOCO'JNMMWUIOMOIOCOIO^IOHNNCOID'SNOC)'\"\nCN   f   CO   CO   CO   if   N\nOlCOCOCOCMrHrHrHrHrH\nNNNC-COOONCOK5'\nO'JMOOcOMcOt-lOCDIOL\nHMMNeOrilOTflONCaNNCONt-\nt-   OI   O   OI   O   OI\nMOHNHOHMfflO)\"*NNCONi>OOOMM\n\u25a0*WCafflWCS\u00bbC-t-\u00abH\/t-MHCONr|'NMCC\n^C5NlOWa06iaiO(OQ10-tftOMCOCDt-.9J\nrH* rH OI* OI rH rH rH OI OI rH*\nCM 00 tO \u25a0\nrH oo o i\nCO CO U) .\nOiCONOWtOOJOC^T-HOICO^OCOUicOcMO)Wt-MtO*tfeOaiOt-\nlOIOMOI^CM^iHWOMOOrH^OiCOCMt^LOOOOOOiCOLO'^OiOI\nNM^O.HNMfl.OtOlOlOt-   CMtOrHtOtOlOtDlOOtOCMrHlot-CO\nrH    OI    OI rH\nrH    rH    CO    CO\nOICO^OCWO^craOOt^t-^OCOOCOcOOlOI-^rHCOOIOOOitO\nCOOOHH'fHt-t-NlO'DHt-CCfflHCBHH    t\"\"jlOMOtDt\"CBO.\nrHOIN^CDLOCMrHOIOrHt^COOCOOMr\\>-rHCOi-HCiLO>OLOOI\nOI    N    OI    OI    M   CO*  CO    N   N   N    N    H   H    H   H\nrH tO IO t- \"# CO Ci\nH CO t- N N W \"Jf\nt- LO LO CD LO \u00a9 rH\nHMWNfflHOCONCOCOlOffiCDiOIMN^H\nCOCBlOOONCOt-OMlOKCO^COCOCOHCO\ntOtOlOCDt-t-C\u2014   CDlOlOlOlOOJ'^'COt-t-OOC-\nCOCi(NOirHO000CMt-t-CO\"eiH\nt-lOrHrHCOt-i-HtOOOCOCMCM\n\u25a0*CONCDN^TfCOC-HHCO\ntOcooitM^Hoooic-tot-c-oocni\nOIOitOcOOiTfliOOtOLO-^COOJi\nOOlOOJOiOIfc\u2014    tOrHOIOIrHCiOO\n01t-I-KffllOO)lOlOlOHNH\")00\nOONroWOlONMCOO^ffiXWH\n^HMMHIOlOt-HHCDlONNH\nCM rH -rf Ci C? CJ CO\nen m  co oo co o t-\nrH CM rH CM CM rH\no.\n*1\nrt\n\\r\ntr\nt-\nor\nc~\n<N\nC\n\"*t\nir\ntr\ni-\no\no\no\n0\no\no\no\ne\nCN\nec\ncx\nV\nCi\"\n\u00a9\u25a0\ner\nCO    cr\nC\nV\n\u25a0^\nt\nt\nT\na\nC\na\ncr\na-\nc\na\n0\"\ncr\nS\nC\nC\ncr\nO\"\n0\na\nc~- REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948.\nX 85\noo\nas\nfc\npa\nS\nw\no\nH\nQ\no\nH\nH\nCQ\nH\nrH\nBS\n<\nP\n<\nBh\nr5\nfc\nfc\nSh-\nCO\n<;\nW\nrH\nH\nr-l\nO\n\u00ab\nS\nz\no\nCQ\nJ\ns\nrH\n<U\nO\nS3\nr\u2014I\nOS\nfc\nB\ni\nBS\nP\nfa\nfc\nO\nCQ\nH\n\u25baJ\nH\nfa\nCQ\nP\no\nBS\n<\nr>\nfc\no\nCQ\nBS\nP\nO\nBS\nfa\n,_,\n!   CD\nci\nCO\n: co\n10\n:       cn\n\u25a03UTJ3A|OjVV\n:  io eo     :\nj oj c-    :\no\nCM\n: t- o oi oj \u2022**    : o\n: t- t-\n:       io\nCM               |\n:    OI    rH             r-i\n:    OI    rH                                   :\nLO\ni co oj    :\noi\nOI\n\u25a0\u00bb#    :    :    :    : \u25a0# oo o    :    :    :    : 10    :\nI   rH   rH   fc-   CO       !   CO   H\n: t- t-    t    :\n:       **\n:  cn co eo cm     :\n:  rH  cn     :\n:       \u25a0**\n\u25a0[ajjinbg\nto    ;\n00*              j\n: o  t-        cd     :\n1   W   rH             CO*\nLO\n: to eo     :\ni cm\" co\"    i\ni       io\nCM\n:::::: to    :: o    ::    :\n,_,\n\u20223iun5[s\n: \u25a0>#    : cm\n:       cd\nco    :\nH\n:       cn\n\u2022UOODBJJ\nt-    ;\nc-\na\n*H\nrH\n-*:     i    ;:: Cfl     :::.::    :\n:  in co oj     :     :     : oo\n: co oo     : oo\n:        co\n0,\n\u2022ja^o\nm     :\nto\nZ\na\nE3\na\nco     :i-h     :     :     ; \u00bb? \u00ab     :co     :     :     :eo\nCM\nto\n00    CO\nCD\n: cn \u25a0*\nrH\n: oi \u25a0*#     :\n\u25a0\"*\n3\nn\nfc\n1   x~i   x-4\nt-\nCO\ntD\ncn    !    :    :    :cnooot-oi    :    ; m n\n;  to   oi   CJ  oo     :     :  rH\n: t- \u25a0* to co\nrH\n00\nCD   CM   CO   O\no\n: o  oc  co  co\n:   LO    CM             LC\n:        lo\n:   rH    OJ             r-\n5\no\nBS\nC0\neo\ncm           :     :     :ocdcdco     ;cn     : to 01\n; t- \u25a0** oo oi o     : oo\n00    rH    00    LO\n:        co\nCO  to\ncn\na\nr~*\n; m oi\ncy\nCM   t-\n:       c-\nS\nr=\nt-:::::oi:::::oi\n:  to c-     : oi           : o\n**\n\u2022xuXq\nt-\n: cm cm    .\nOJ   C-\nz\n: \u2022*# i-h     :\nco\no\nrt\nPh\n\u2022(pauxiBj)\nCO\n;       to\nUinUT^'B[J\n\u2022xo^\nO\na\n\u25a0(pauxn^)\nCM\nCM\nz\nania 'xotf\nM\n0\nCM\n: cm oo\no\n:       c-\n<\n1\ns\n\u2022pay 'xo^\n;        eo\nrH     :    :     r    t rH r-t    :     : r-t    :     :     :\n: -*f o io           :     : o\nE3\n:    rH\nCO\nfc\n:::rH:roj::::oi:LT\n\u2022jsahs 'w\\I\nCM\n: eo -xf     : co cm     ; cc\nrH\n\u25a0jaqsi^\n**\nOJ\nI    rH    rH\n:        eo\n:        \"^\noi    : cm    :co    .ooi-hcoiH    :    :\n: co oo eo     :     :     : oj\nOJ\nr-i\nCO\n; io io\n:       oo\n'   \u2022*   rH                       *\noo\nLO\n^-*\n: eo eo     :     :     :     :\n\u25a0jBaa\n00          r-\nt-\nCO\n:       c\nuaSpna\ntA\no\nd\nbo\n<J\n+J\nc\n\u25a0     '\nJ      ;\n\u25a0 A\nV\n\u00a3\n\u2022    (\na     :\n\u00abi   t\n:   u\n: X        ad\nJ-\n\u00a3\nCJ\n>\n0\nO\ni\ni\ni\n|\n4      F\n1 1\nSI\n: -\n-   '\n:   i\n3  ;\ni ,.\nj\ni   B\n5 \u00a3.<\n.     Sh\ni     OJ\n!    (fi\n:   d\n:    -h\njfc i\n:   s\n\u25a0   i\n1   i\nn\n1\n-.    C\n1\ni\n6    C\n\u25a0 i\n1\n!   E\nj\n\u25a0   -1\nr   S*   \u00a9 -0\n! \u00a7 cS o & ,\n: 1 8 8 S |\ni  e\n: Ji\ni  c\n| 1\n1\ni\nh\n3 1\n1\n1 i -\n!>    cy    f;\nc\nc\n1\ns\ni\n|3   5\n1\n3\n+\n<\nG\nC\nH        .\n3     C\n1   fc\n<\ni^\nrS\nJ h-\ns\n!j\n2\n\u00bb    CJ    C\n! fc B\nJ.\ni\nB\ne\n9 P\nS pt\nJI\nhS    c\nt73 tr\n>\nE\u00bb\n>\n\u25a0\u00a3 X 86\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nList of Fur confiscated under \" Game Act,\" January 1st to\ndecember 31st, 1948.\nConfiscated from.\nConfiscated at.\nKind of Fur confiscated.\nDate of\nConfiscation.\nJH\ncu\nf>\na\n<a\nH\nc\ncd\nu\nS\nin\n3\nCO\ni\n0\nrH\nu\na\nJan   12\t\n1\n2\n2\n6\n1\n1\n2\n7\n1\n1\n2\n39\n21\n2\n1\n3\n1\n13\n\u201e     19\t\n24 .\nGeorge Thompson\t\nBamfield\t\nPuyallup, Wash\t\nVancouver\t\nBlack Creek\t\nFeb. 19   \t\nE. F. Towers\t\nMar.   2\t\n15\nA. C. Smith\t\nQuesnel\t\n\u201e     22\t\nAntoine Billy and Felix Bobby\n24\nG. M. Swicker\t\nWilliam Willick\t\nVancouver\t\n19\nJuly 27 \t\n28\nSam Hall\t\nAug. 17\t\n,     26\nRobert Hill\t\nSept.   8\t\nDec.    6\t\n6\t\n\u201e     10\t\n\u201e     10\t\nTerrace\t\n\u201e     10\t\n\u201e     18\t\nMaillardville\t\nTotals\t\n23\n3\n80\n14\n65\nNote.\u2014The sum of $558.53 was received during 1948 from the sale of confiscated and surrendered fur.\nList of Firearms confiscated under \" Game Act,\" January 1st to\nDecember 31st, 1948.\nDate of\nConfiscation.\nConfiscated from\nConfiscated at\nKind of Firearms\nconfiscated.\nRifles.\nShotguns.\nJan.   13\t\n1\n1\n1\n1\n1\n1\n1\n1\n1\n1\n1\n1\n1\n1\n\u201e     15\t\nWilliam Veregin\t\nWilliam Hillen\t\n\u201e     27\t\n\u201e     28\t\nFeb.     9\t\nR. Letouroneau\t\n\u201e     19\t\nMar.    2\t\n\u201e     25\t\n\u201e     25\t\nRobert Reid\t\nKen Collier\t\n16\t\n\u201e     20\t\n\u201e     20\t\n\u201e      20\t\nJohn Prestage\t\nD. A. Smith\t\n20         \t report of provincial game commission, 1948.                    x 87\nList of Firearms confiscated under \" Game Act,\" January 1st to\nDecember 31st, 1948\u2014Continued.\nDate of\nConfiscation.\nConfiscated from\nConfiscated at\nKind of Firearms\nconfiscated.\nRifles.\nShotguns.\nOle Hallen            \t\n1\n1\n1\n1\n1\n\u201e     14\t\n\u201e     14\t\nDale Steward\t\nRobert Wyatt\t\n\u201e     14\t\n\u201e     14\t\n.,     14\t\n\u201e     14\t\n\u201e     14\t\nTom Bird\t\nLloyd Schwartz\t\nLome Hofeld\t\nAndy Kazimischuk\t\nB.Duffy\t\n\u201e     14         \t\n\u201e     14\t\n\u201e     20\t\n26    \t\nRonald MacDonald\t\n2 \t\n2       \t\n\u201e     15\t\n\u201e     18\t\nMaillardville\t\n\u201e     18\t\n\u201e     18\t\n\u201e     21\t\nJuly    2\t\nPrince Rupert\t\nRichard Walton\t\nH. F. Meise\t\nG. Gretsinger\t\n3        \t\n\u201e     17\t\n17    \t\n26\n26        \t\nBilly Boedeker\t\nSept. 16     \t\n,.     28          \t\nOct.   13\nLome Gibson\t\nGerald Ryan\t\n13\n26\n26\nWilliam Weston\t\n27\n\u201e     27\t\n4\nPhilGotch\t\nJohn Reisinger\t\nR. W. Hyde\n4   \t\n\u201e     10\t\n\u201e     13\t\n\u201e      14\t\n15\nJ. H. Phillpott       \t\nM. Grygoryk\t\nBen J. Vogt\t\n24\n\u201e     24\t\nFrank Korpich\t\nVictoria\t\n24\n1        |        ....\n....        1          1\n1\n\u201e     24        \t\nW. Schmidt\t\n0. Sederitch\t\nHappy Valley\t\n24\n1\n1\n1\nFred Guy\t\n2\n2\nNorth Vancouver\t\n2\nRalph Phillips\t\nNorth Vancouver\t\n6\t\n20\nA. J. Francoeur\t\nSteveston\t\n20\nFredMcColl\t\n30\n30\n31\nTotals\t\n65\n9\n1\nNote.\u2014The sur\nNote.\u2014Four ai\nn of $84.33 was received from the sale of confiscated firearms during 1948.\nr-guns confiscated during the year are not listed in the above statement. x 88 british columbia.\nBounties paid during the Year ended December 31st, 1948.\nGovernment Agency.\nWolves.\nCougars.\nCoyotes.\nTotal.\n$10.\n$25.\n$40.\n$20.\n$2.\n$4.\n2\n7\n1\n7\n6\n2\n149\n1\n12\n4\n2\n142\n355\n78\n30\n36\n3\n168\n5\n66\n2\n16\n9\n1\n1\n1\n14\n36\n44\n41\n11\n71\n28\n3\n13\n6\n34\n73\n1\n18\n33\n15\n19\n38\n4\n10\n7\n3\n10\n9\n2\n30\n1\n30\n32\n61\n78\n5\n39\n51\n33\n76\n39\n3\n72\n14\n13\n65\n8\n62\n10\n38\n2\n24\n23\n1\n1\n19\n26\n61\n20\n14\n216\n4\n3\n276\n68\n26\n320\n81\n78\n307\n12\n19\n21\n153\n48\n4\n89\n24\n97\n7\n32\n142\n2\n9\n54\n62\n25\n5\n84\n924\n$880.00\nAtlin\t\n201.00\n117.00\n2,817.00\n594.00\n1,570.00\n610.00\n230.00\n5,417.00\nGolden\t\n547.00\n998.00\n3,492.00\n68.00\n464.00\n910.00\n1,042.00\n470.00\n968.00\n96.00\n680.00\n3,806.00\n60.00\n9,559.00\n2,202.00\n216.00\n2,524.00\n10.00\n58.00\n1,154.00\n900.00\n75.00\n4,422.00\n825.00\n1,584.00\n8,778.00\nTotals\t\n2\n1,074\n80\n725\n935\n2,976\n$58,344.00\n- report of provincial game commission, 1948. x 89\nComparative Statement of Bounties paid from 1922 to 1948, inclusive.\nCalendar Year.\nWolves.\nCougars.\nCoyotes.\nCrows.\nMagpies.\nEagles.\nOwls.\nTotal.\n1922\t\n303\n162\n195\n291\n336\n344\n452\n411\n312\n310\n372\n195\n173\n137\n183\n372\n444\n530\n491\n701\n8\n628\n572\n430\n599\n423\n384\n366\n285\n196\n261\n265\n301\n472\n461\n519\n725\n1,092\n1,687\n5,175\n7,276\n14,070\n20,192\n3,672\n1,881\n1,544\n2,864\n53,443\n2,246\n70\n7,095\n20\n89\n17,625\n172\n$60,494.80\n1923\t\n14,840.00\n1924   \t\n172\n20,398.40\n1925    \t\n24,397.00\n1926        \t\n5,770\n10,046\n41,077.00\n1927\t\n2,487\n65,377.95\n1928    \t\n1,025\n1,389\n403\n1\n50,709.25\n1929\n42,122.00\n1930    \t\n36,090.25\n1931 \t\n3,427\n42,036.15\n1932\t\n80.00\n1933\n1\n221\n561\n837\n828\n915\n1,159\n1,659\n1,002\n1,039\n1,017\n1,321\n1,202\n932\n1,102\n1,156\n6,285.00\n1934    \t\n1,877\n1,950\n1,400\n2,094\n1,971\n2,038\n1,924\n1,546\n1,221\n1,259\n5,506\n2,720\n2,976\n3,911\n6,825.00\n1935    \t\n12,374.00\n1936\n20,350.00\n1937   \t\n19,540.00\n1938\n21,018.00\n1939\n26,399.00\n1940\n23,131.00\n1941\n16,868.00\n1942\n17,397.00\n1943\n16,587.00\n1944        ..                  \t\n20,243.00\n1945\n46,627.00\n1946\n22,392.00\n1947                            \t\n36,386.00\n1948\n58,344.00\nTotals     \t\n18,068\n10,493\n91,846\n69,431\n8,230\n7,204\n20,615\n$768,388.80 X 90\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nBig-game Trophy Fees paid by Non-residents, January 1st to\nDecember 31st, 1948.\nSpecies.\nName and Address\n(Government Agency).\nN\nCJ\nu\n&\nV\nn\nmf\nc\n& *\nn o\ns\no\nXI\nM\no\nO\n(-\"\nCD\nO\n^   .\nJig\nOff\nh\n\u00b0 o\n% in\nh\n\"3\ns a\nO QJ\n6\nm\no\no\ns\n3?\nH\n'P.\nAmount.\nAtlin\t\ni\n6\n3\n20\n1\n14\n1\n2\n1\n5\n6\n21\n12\n2\n9\n2\n2\n25\n10\n19\n21\n27\n3\n1\n1\n2\n2\n20\n10\n27\n21\n4\n3\n2\n1\n2\n1\n2\n14\n1\n60\n8\n5\n2\n19\n2\n1\n15\n2\n13\n125\n20\n2\n7\n3\n68\n55\n21\n1\n123\n104\n3\n2\n4\n2\n8\n3\n15\n1\n1\n13\n21\n1\n48\n16\n94\n4\n5\n9\n6\n70\n14\n1\n3\n15\n5\n6\n2\n1\n2\n4\n83\n2\n16\n6\n1\n2\n272\n16\n29\n65\n53\n25\n2\n303\n107\n33\n77\n3\n14\n3\n6\n5\n2\n1\n38\n28\n45\n49\n2\n$15.00\n185.00\nClinton\t\n26,125.00\n3,380.00\n55.00\n285.00\n30.00\n5,980.00\n4,420.00\n9,575.00\n1,375.00\n2,150.00\n105.00\n325.00\n25.00\n60.00\n22,155.00\n9,505.00\n7,600.00\n6,010.00\n210.00\nPenticton\t\n100.00\n15.00\n330 00\n1,225.00\n1,025.00\n125.00\nVernon\t\n2,965.00\n108\n218\n76\n52\n566\n333\n117\n1,156\n124\n$106,555.00 REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948.\nX 91\nProsecutions (Provincial Game Divisions), January 1st to\nDecember 31st, 1948.\nDescription of Offence.\nDivisions (see Foot-note) .\n: a\n:  Q\nFines or\nPenalties\nimposed.\nGame Animals.\nAllowing dogs to run after or hunt deer\t\nExceeding bag-limit\t\nKilling or hunting game animals of female sex\t\nKilling or possession of game animals under one year\nof age\t\nKilling,  hunting,  or  in  possession  of  game  animals\nduring close season\t\nPossession  of  members  of   deer  family   from  which\nevidence (sex) removed\t\nPossession of untagged deer or moose\t\nPossession of big game on premises of logging camp\t\nPitlamping or hunting deer at night\t\nSelling big game illegally\t\nFirearms.\nCarrying firearms or hunting on game reserve\t\nCarrying  firearms  or  discharging   same  in   or  from\nautomobile\t\nCarrying   or   in   possession   of   unplugged   repeating\nshotgun\t\nDischarging firearms on or across highway in munici-\npaJity.\t\nMinors carrying firearms unaccompanied by an adult\t\nFur Trade and Trapping.\nAllowing traps to remain set after close of season\t\nAllowing another person  to trap his line without a\npermit\t\nDestroying beaver dams\t\nFur-trader   buying   without   a   licence   or   failing   to\nkeep record-book\t\nFailing to make returns on trapping licence\t\nInterfering or trapping on another person's trap-line\t\nPossession of untagged beaver-pelts\t\nPossession of or taking fur during close season\t\nTrapping or carrying traps without a licence\t\nTrapping on other than his own trapping area\t\nTrapping on game reserve\t\nLicences.\nGuiding without a licence\t\nNon-resident carrying firearms without a licence\t\n. Non-resident angling without a licence\t\nResident carrying firearms without a licence\t\nResident angling or carrying fishing tackle without a\nlicence\t\nMigratory Game Birds.\nHunting migratory game birds during prohibited hours..\nHunting migratory game birds from power-boat\t\nHunting migratory game birds with a rifle\t\nHunting or molesting migratory game birds on a\ngame reserve\t\nHunting or in possession of non-game or insectivorous birds\t\nHunting or in possession of migratory game birds\nduring close season\t\n12\n19\n2\n5\n3\n64\n36\n4\n2\n1\n1\n1\n5\n4\n3\n1\n107\n58\n18\n150\n42\n4\n72\n7\n22\n24\n264\n16\n4\n3\n1\n13\n21\n1\n2\n24\n29\n21\n11\n5\n1\n20\n151\n42\n2\n1\n5\n2\n9\n1\n15\n5\n2\n1\n7\n22\n24\n264\n141\n4\n3\n1\n13\n21\n$200.00\n560.00\n200.00\n1,785.00\n90.00\n265.00\n345.00\n1,550.00\n10.00\n230.00\n1,830.00\n435.00\n40.00\n174.00\n10.00\n10.00\n10.00\n200.00\n20.00\n310.00\n315.00\n65.00\n10.00\n25.00\n60.00\n950.00\n235.00\n2,323.00\n1,475.00\n160.00\n35.00\n20.00\n10.00\n150.00\n265.00 X 92\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nProsecutions (Provincial Game Divisions), January 1st to\nDecember 31st, 1948\u2014Continued.\nDescription of Offence.\nDivisions (see Foot-note) .\n: fi\n: a\n:  D\n\u00abS\n2.2\nSi\nFines or\nPenalties\nimposed.\nSpecial Fishery Regulations.\nAngling for trout during close season\t\nAngling in prohibited area\t\nExceeding bag-limit on trout\t\nJigging  or molesting  trout  or  salmon   on   spawning-\ngrounds\t\nPossession of or using salmon roe in prohibited area\t\nPossession of undersized trout\t\nTaking or molesting kokanee on spawning-grounds\t\nUsing more than one rod while angling\t\nUpland Game Birds.\nAllowing dogs to hunt game birds during nesting season\nHunting upland game birds during prohibited hours\t\nHunting, killing, or in possession of upland game birds\nduring close season\t\nPossession of upland game birds with plumage removed.\nHunting pheasants with a rifle\t\nHunting upland game birds on game reserve\t\nMiscellaneous.\nAllowing dogs to run on game reserve\t\nCanning game in field\t\nFailing to stop automobile when called upon by officer\t\nFeeding game animals to fur-bearing animals in captivity\t\nFurnishing false information to an officer\t\nGuiding more than two persons atone time\t\nGuide failing to report violation of \" Game Act \"\t\nGuide failing to make necessary returns\t\nHunting big game with metal-cased bullets\t\nMaking false statement to obtain a licence\t\nNon-resident hunting big game without a guide\t\nObstructing an officer in the discharge of his duties\t\nTrespassing on enclosed land\t\nTotals\t\n10\n16\n1\n1\n1\n1\n3\n5\n1\n1\n1\n2\n1\n2\n2\n1\n3\n1\n6\n6\n4\n10\n460.00\n40.00\n110.00\n35.00\n50.00\n165.00\n255.00\n25.00\n45.00\n10.00\n1,020.00\n20.00\n40.00\n25.00\n25.00\n10.00\n15.00\n10.00\n20.00\n35.00\n85.00\n10.00\n35.00\n245.00\n260.00\n115.00\n300\n119\n382\n1,117\n1,142\n$17,537.00\nI\nGaol Sentences.\nAllowing another person to trap his line without a permit, four (thirty days each).\nGuide failing to report violation, one (ten days).\nHunting, killing, or in possession of upland game birds during close season, two (total of twenty-five days).\nKilling or hunting game animals of female sex, four (thirty days each).\nKilling or in possession of game animals under one year of age, two (thirty days each).\nPossession of or taking fur during close season, one (thirty days).\nPossession of migratory game birds during close season, one (thirty days).\nResident carrying firearms without a licence, five (total of eleven days).\nNote.\u2014\"A\" Division: Vancouver Island area and part of Mainland. \"B \" Division: Kootenay and Boundary\nareas. \"C\" Division: Kamloops, Yale, Okanagan, Cariboo, and Lillooet areas. \"D\" Division: Atlin, Skeena,\nOmineca, Fort George, Peace River, and Yukon Boundary areas. \"E\" Division: Vancouver, Coast, and Lower\nMainland areas. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME  COMMISSION, 1948.\nX 93\noo\nH\nz\nw\nQ\ni\u2014t\nO\no\n<!\na\nZ\nr\u2014I\nw\nQ\n<\ng\nEh\nz\np\nw\n<M      \u25a0\n1!\n\"5\n0\n.   >\nT3    O\n.2 5\na \u00ab\nRecovered.\nNot serious.\nNot serious.\nKilled.\nCJ\nc\n0\nQ\nED\n0\nfi\nOJ\nMl\n4J     *0\n0 .2\nfc Q\nJ\n3    3\n0 _c\n*s 'i\nCJ    CJ\ncc    tr\nO    0\nfc   fc\nD\n3\nC\n1\nTr  \"\n.a o\nArm amputated at\nwrist.\na\nP\n^C\n\"{-\nq\nDC\n4-\nC\nis\nX\no\nP\ndS\nQJ\n*c\nl-H\n\"3\n01\nh\n4^>\ncd\nfc\nX\ne\na\n4-\nG\n4\n0\na\nt\nJ!\ncr\n*\u25a0\nOJ\nX\n1\n0\n\u25a0*\nOD\nfl\n0\n.c\na.\n-a\no\nrO\nfl\njy-\"\n(8\nft\no\n*#\nfi\no\n-6 *\ncs   t\n\u2022a *\noj   r\n.B c\nO    4-\nOi  \u00a3\nrV\na\nC\nDQ\n\u00a3\nt\np\n.g\nc\npE\nCO\n\u20225\nD\nO\nC\n1\n+\u25a0\nc\n+\ni\n4J\nC\n4J\nc\nA\na\n'.              DC\nfi\n:        m\n4:\n:       x\nbo      \u00a3\noj        rt\n\"^        0.\n.s    .p\n4J             4-\nO              C\nxn       k\nJ3\n1\n4*\nxi             4-\nJ3           *-\nto         !\nJ-.           hC\nfi          C\n4-J             4-\nO              C\nCO       cc\nfl      j\n*o    \u25a0\nu\nfi 5      E\n00   bo         c\nM fi          1?\n^    fi           P\nfl  \u25a0\"'          \u2022-\n\u2022\"*    4J               4-\n4-J     O              C\nKm      a\ni      E\n:    i\nbtl        \u00a3\noj       a\nfl       _e\n4J             4-\no        c\nco      tr\ni          bD\nj              rfi\n\u25a0     xs\nfi\n:         cS\nbb    -n\noj       c\nrfl        r*        +\u25a0\n\u2022SP              rfi                 C\ng      fi      33\n!j2     -S     .\u00a3\nCJ               +3               4.\nP3          O          C\nC^      w      a\na\n0)\nr\u00b0\n<\n0\n0)\n09\n33\nH\nO\nrfi\ncm\no\nC\nrfl\n+->\no>\nC\\\no         <f-\nc\nv             1\n$   t\n\u00ab .5 p\naj   S  a\n<j     <\nOJ\nM\nCS\n+j\na    i\ng     =\nS          1\nh       s\nOJ         +i\n\u00b01       c\n-3              K\n1   *\na      a.\n^   u   c\ne   ci\nu   c\no t2\n-fie\nDQ         m\n4\na\nF\nT\n\u00abt-\nc\nb\nP\nt\n|\nc\n5\n1\/\nc\n1\n0\nc\n\u00ab*-\ne\na\nt\ni\ne 1   1   d      \u00a7\n*    O          73           fi   72           OJ\na;             31       *             fi\nfi   d       \"S       m  <u       0\nc c       p      0 h               \u00a3\n\u2022rH      Cfl                 \u00ab               >      (ft                 fl               4-\n=3 i  fi   ^2 *  -a -3j -s\nF      M \u00b0       0                fi  c\n1 * 3 1     \u00a3 i b 1 e 5\n1 s II   s 11 a|-s\n.-*JS-1j4-,tffi54-\n^a;        fi^fiCOfu.Sc\n,3  +>  T3    tcTJ  Tl  ^    \u00abS  t\n^ \" 'ft   u   fi '3   a   jjf fe'E\ns kS    <j    < <:    s    <\n0         i  fi       i           1       fi\n\u25a0in            :   fi          N                0          z          ft\nfi           E   \u00ab     * J!               J        QJ\nJ      S   9      ail\n\u2022i- il 1   i H\n\u25a0?    \u00b0\u00b0    \u00b0j    0    \u00b0    i\nOJ           QJ    OJ           OJ    -           QJ           OJ\nho   &JD         MS         bu        ho         'z\nSfcSco          CSV,          crj          8        *\"\nJS              _P_,[ft^H(n               _    *H    r_|      tfl    \u2022\u00ab-\nh         rififv\/irtto        rt\u00b0fiiv,?\nc       flpfifl.fi       fiSfi.fic\n^ ffi 2 2 fl S 5     3fi3^4.\nco      <| <3      <|           <j      <J      co\n\u00ab\nfi\nfi\n\u00a3\nc\nc\n0\nc\nJ\no\n0\na\n>\n'a\nJ3\nfi\n|\na\nT\ns\ncd\nc\na\na\ne\n(-:\na\n0\n01\na\noa\n0\nw\nR\na\ni\n\"a\na\nc\n0\n4-\n\\\n0\nW\nOJ\nc\nt\n0\n0\n1\n1\ne\na\ne\n0\nA\nS\nEH\nc\na\ncs\n0\nK\nOj\na\nrJ\nfi\no\na\nCi\nJ,\n1\nr-3\n4-\n[\u00a3\nu.\n+\n'c\neg\np\nc\np\nf\n\u20228\ng\na\ns\n4-\n4\nI\nI\na\n<--\nh\nQJ\nB\nfl\nO\nft+S\n\u00a3S\nfl'R\nS s\n\u00a3<!\nO 0)\nil\nZ\na\na\n4-\nc\nc\nPC\n\u00ab\n1\nc\n1\nit\nc\nE\n5\nc\nc\n-^\np\nt\n-i\nc\nCS\n1\nc\nC\na\n\u00a7\ns\na\nj\na\n\u25a05\n\u00bb\n>\nc\n1\np\n0\n>\na\nS\nP\ns\nN\n|\n1-\n\"a\nDQ\n+\nc\nc\ncc\n\u2022vp\nfH\n6\nc\n5\n0\n\u25a00\n**-\nc\np-\nC\np\na\n<\na\n0\n+\nC\n13\nc\ns\ni\ns\ncc\nJ.\na.\nP\n13\nt-\n0\nC\np\nc\nP\nG\npi\nC\na\n3\n\"rC\nCJ\ns\nH3\nCJ\nC\n3    .\nS\n(\nc\n\u00a3\na\nh\n4-\nc\nP-\ns\nc\nj\nC\nft\na\n1\na\n4-\n.8\n\u20ac\ne\nc\nC\n\u00bb\n<\n\u00a3\n4-\n\"E\n4\nc\nK\nc\nr-\na\n1\nc\ni\n\u00ab\nE\n(-\na\n4-\nr-\n8\nc\n>\ns-\nc\na\ntr\ne\ntr\n*\n\u25a0E\n1\nC\nb\nb\n0\nC\nP\n*ii\n1\n0\n\"a\na\nf-\nCS\nC\naj\na\n2\nEQ\nbo\nfl\nH          p\nM      5\n-fi\nco      p\nc\n*             a\n>\nr*\nP\nc\n(2\ni\nc\np\n1\na\n>\n0\nc\nO1\na\nc\nt2\n1\n<\na\nI\nT-\n4-\nc\na\n(7\na\ni\nC\nC\ner\n. 4-\n.  t\nC\na\n<X\nte\na\n0\n2\nt-\nCN\nlf\nes\nCn\nt\nC\nC\n.2 S\nS *m\no a\n. o\nc o\n\u20222 \u00ab\n? S\nOD cS\nS o\nEO\nP 4J X 94\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nSummary of Game-fish Culture Distributions, showing Eggs, Fry, and\nFingerlings, 1948.\nKind of Game Fish.\nEggs.\nFry.\nFingerlings.\n780,275\n281,045\n66,000\n1,650,330\n511,190\n222,200\n4,321,515\n1,450,000\n1,268,979\nTotals\t\n6,551,790\n2,508,565\n1,491,179\nSummary of Game-fish Eggs, Fry, and Fingerlings at Departmental\nHatcheries, December 31st, 1948.\nHatchery.\nEastern\nBrook.\nKamloops.\nKokanee.\nEggs or Fry.\nFingerlings\nor Fry.\nEggs or Fry.\n85,310\n113,963\n121,613\n303,370\n83,256\n172,957\n145,010\n430,400\n477,480\nTotals\t\n477,480\n880,469\n575,410\nEggs\nFry\nFingerlings\nSummary.\nTotal distributions\n6,551,790\n2,508,565\n1,491,179\n10,551,534\nOn hand at hatcheries, December 31st, 1948     1,933,359\nTotal  12,484,893 REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME  COMMISSION, 1948.\nX 95\nGO\nOS\nm\na\ng\n<\nPh\np\nO\n03\nE-i\nfa\nO\n|M\nS3\nP\nK\no\nZ\n<!\n03\nM\n03\nP\nH\nP\nU\nM\n\u25ba\u2014i\n\u25a0\nW\nS\n3\nEG\nO\no\n8\nH\nw\nfc\nfe\no\np\ng\n3\neg\n\u00ab\ni\n5\nH\n0,\nbo\nT H\n\u00ab h\nE O\nE\nCO\nSi\n1\nW\no\nM\n\u2014\n02\nbo\n1\nUl\np-\no\no\n\u00a3 \u2022\noj en\nbo bo\n0 E\n5s\n(DOOOOOOOOOOlfDOOWOOOOOOOOOOOOOO\ni-HOOOOOOOOOOCMOOlMOOOOOOOOOOOOOO\nCOlOOOOOOCOOOOrHOOOOOOOOlOOOOOOOOO\nN   N   N   N   t-\"   to           N   OC1\" 0C1\"  N   ^\"  T   H   t|   tf  IO   (M*  H   CO   IO   H   N   CO   N   H   IO   \u25a0*\"\nto\nt-\n0\nH\nbo\na\nw\nw\no\no\nN\nfc\ntd\nEd\nW\n<\nbo bo\nc fi\nfc^\nrH\nfc\n<\no\nK\nH\nH\n\u00a3H\nP\no\nIh\nfc\nDQ\nbo\nbo\nfc\n '\t\no\n>J   cn\n2   M\n8 fi\nH B\n<   fi-\nH    C3 a\n\u00a3*\u25a0\n^    M !\u25a0\nK   hi\nH    C3X\nm a\n0,\nVancouver Island.\nQualicum Hatchery.\ni\nc\nc\nJ*\nt\nr\na\n-i\ne\nH\nXi\nc\n1\ntl\nc\nJ-\na\n\u00a3\nc\nc\n+s\nc\nc\nPS\na\n:\nfi\nc\nSh\nCi\n\u00a3\ncd\nc\na\nA\ncd\nhS\nX\nc\nc\n0\nA\n1\n>-\n<\na\n\u25ba3\nc\nE\na\nB\nc\nE\n]\nD\n4-\na\n$\nr\nc\nc\nc\nc\na\ni\n4J\ni\na\n[j\nc\nhi\nCJ\nfi\nrH\nc\nEC\na\nOJ\nc\na\nefl\n(J\nt\n1\u2014\ni\n0\nr!\nM\n>2\na\nA\nrC\nfi\nE\ne\n?\n1\nc\na\n\u00a3\ne\n;\nc\n3\na\n4\n1\nJ.\na\n\u00bb\nc\n1\n1\n1\na\n\u00ab\nc\nV\nc\nz\nI\n\u00ab\nrH\n>\nc\na\nrit\n0\nh^\n\"fl\nfi\na\nc\nc\nG\nI-\n\u00a3\nD\nK\n.\u00a3\ns\n0\ns\nb\na\n1\nr-\n0\nIh\nc\nB\ns\n1\na\nJ.\nB\nr-l\n43\nQ\nc\nN\np\nl>\n1\npi\na.\na\n>\n\u00a3\nK\nE-\nrfl\nc\nc\n4J\nCp\na\n[5\n4-\nc X 96\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nI\nHO\nS\no\nO\n00\n05\n02\nO\nZ\nZ\n<\nP\nPh\nEh\np\nO\n03\nEh\nfa\nO\n|x\n03\n<:\nS\nu>\n02\nW\no\nM\n<3\n03\nP\nP\nP\nO\nw\nm\n*-t\nfa\n\u25a0\nw\nB\n<!\no\nCO\nu\nC5\nfc\nK\no\ntd\nW\nfc\no\no\nfc\nM\n\u00ab\ns\nO\nEH\n\u25a0<\nS\n.SfJ\nT H\nSfa\nIs\nE\n-\nCO\nbO\nbo\nH\nK\nfc\nM\no\nM\nfa\nbo\nbo\nUl\nOh\nO\no\na\n<\nOJ   -fi\nbo bo\ne a\nE\"\nOOOOOOOOOO\nOOOOOOOOOO\nOOOOOOOOOrHO\nOlQlOOJOOIOOOCO\nOJ                   rH           i-t           -&   ,H\nOi\nCO\ni-H\noooooooooooooooo\nOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOiO\nooooooooooocnooeoi-n\n\u00a9oooiraoioiaioioooioioio\nrH    rH                      rH                                         rH    i-H                      rH\nO\nIO\nCO\n0\u00bb\no\nrH\n(A\nh\nfa\nbo\nw\no\no\nM\nPQ\nfc\nK\nP\nCO\nfc\nV co\nbo bo\nE E\nE~\nc,\nfa\nS\nEh*\n-\u25a0fl!\no\nH\nW\nEH\nH\nP\no\nsi\nfa\ns\nbo\ni\ni\n(h\no\nz S\n2 fi\n^     C3   iM\na  u o\ns|\n3 a\n0*\nVancouver Island\u2014Continued.\nVeitch Creek Hatchery.\nBig Thetis Lake\t\nc\ncd\nE\nO\nCJ\nu\ns\nH\nfi\nfi\nrH\na\na\na\niJ\np\nH\na\nw\na\nr-*J\na\n(-1\ne\n0\nCO\na\n\u25a0c\n\u00a7\na\n>-]\nc\na\nrC\nCJ\n1\ns\nO\nct\n03\nai\nb\no\nH\na\nr*\na\nr-l\nfi\nR\n.5\n*c\ni?\nBj\n,\u00a3\nW\n4\nR\nH\n<8\nC\nC\na\n\u00a3\n0\nto\na\n-co\ns\n-J\nG\no\nLower Mainland.\nCultus Lake Hatchery.\n>\n4-\no\no\n0\n\u00ab.\nhi\nu\na\na>\nQ\na\nA\nR\ni?\nis\no\nX\nfc\na\n0\nr-3\n+->\nd\nM\na\nfi\nO\nr\u00ab\n0)\nj:\n+->\n\u00abM\no\n>4\n>\nto\nR\ns\nfi\nCO\n_a\n43\n3\na\na\nJ.\n>\ns\no\nR\nfi\nGJ\n\u00a3\nc\ne.\nz\n>\no\n03\nCJ\n>\ns\na,\nP\n*\u00a3\n0\na\nCQ\na\nM\nU\ni\na\n.2\na \u00b0\no \u00a3\n-jj c\nk .3\n05 .-a\n\u2022s\u00ab\nII\nfl    CJ\nBl\nE  ^\na o;\na b\noj   cd\n\u00bbl\n<! w\n!\u00a3*\nlC       rH\n0   fl\n*fi\n4^\no\nH REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948.\nX 97\no\no\no\no*\nOI\no\no\no\no\"\nOJ\n104,400\n291,400\n259,400\n480,000\no\nO\nCM\nm'\nCO\nrH\nrH\no o\no o\no o\nO*   l\u00bb\"\nO   OJ\nCM\nO\nO\n\u00a9^\nU3\nCJ\nCM\nO   fc-   O   O   O   O\nO   O   O   O   O   O\nO   \u00bbH   O   O^  -H   O\nO   H   IO   H   ^\"  U\nr4    05\n\u00a9\nCI\nco\"\ni-H\no\no\no\no*\nO\nO\nO\n\u00a9\"\n\u00a9 \u00a9\n\u00a9 \u00a9\n\u00a9 \u00a9\nO    O\n\u00ab*   rH\n0\u00a900\u00a9\u00a900\u00a900\nooooooo\u00a9\u00a9\u00a9\u00a9\no\u00a9ooooo\u00a9\u00a9oo\nOOOIOWOOOOWO\nlOMCOHNNNCOHNH\no\no\nIO\nO\nO\nIO\n\u25a0<*\nrH\n\u00a9 o\n\u00a9 o\n\u00a9 o^\nCM* O*\n\u00a9\no\n\u25a0*#\no\nCO\n\u2022j;\nCJ\n8\n05\n1\n>\n5\n\u00a3\ne\nC\na\n,1\ncd\nt\nE\nC\na\na\nH\nto\n<\na\n\u25a0;\nr-\n\"E\n49\nCD\nft\na\n>\n5\na\nc\n\u00a3\nG\na\n0\nJ-\ng\nr\n>\na\nc\n4-\na\nK\na\nri\na\nH\na\n4-\nC\nc\nOkanagan District.\nLloyd's Creek Hatchery.\n>\nf.\na\niC\ne,\n4J\nfi\nW\n5\nrH\nA\nfi\na\nrH\no\nrain\nQJ\nr\u00a3\nC\ns\nw\nQJ\nJ,\ncd\niJ\nCO\n4-\n*!\n0\n6\nrfl\n%\na\ntc\nfi\n0\n>S\na\n2\n>\u25a0\nrH\na\nrC\nt\nH>J\nS\nn\nJH\na\nPh\na>\nb\nT\na\n+j\nC\n3\n\u2022J\nV,\n43\n0\nH\nCq\n8\n\u25baJ\n-S:\n\u20229\n8\nS\nCS\n0,\n%\nu\no\na>\nco\nP\n|\n>\nu\na\nrC\ne\n\u25a0p\n<&\nH\ns\n1\n3\nQ\n>\nr\na\n-fl\nt\nil\nu\ng\n2;\na\nc\nEh\ni\n-si\nQ\n1\n\u25a09\ns\nfl\nto\n3\n\u00bb\na\nV\nu\nO\n>\nH\nu\nR\nm\na\nr^.\nfi\nfl\nU\nCJ\n>\nfi\na\nfl\n4\nPi\nfi\nfl\nA\n&\no\nIH\nM\na\n0J\ng\nC\na\nfi\n0)\nrH\nHg\nJ\n\"3\n0\nOJ\n,A\nfi\nH\nT3\n(1)\nPi\nO\n0\nh\no\na\na\nV\nV\nG\na\nfi\nm\nCJ\nCJ\nfl\nM\na\nfl\nfi\n0J\nSh\n0\nfl\n>\ns\nfl\nV\nfi\nfl\no\nrfl\no\nfc\nc\n1\n0J\n\u25a0a\nrl\njc,\nCJ\n>\ncd\na,\nS\nOJ\na:\ncd\n>3\no\nCJ\nH\n0J\nJo\ncd\nJ\nfc\n>>\nfc\nM\nfi\nfl\nT3f\nfl\noj\nM\n4J\n00\no\nfl\nPh\nfl\n'a)\nfi\n0J\nrM\nfi\nfl\nfi\ns\ncd\n>,\no X 98\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\n1\nHjO\nSS\n\u00a9\nCO\noo\n\u2022>*\nOi\nm\no\nZ\nIP\nZ\n<\nP\nCh\nP\no\nos\nH\nfa\no\nJh\n03\n<!\nS\nS\nP\nCO\nw\n<\nPQ\nOj\nP\nP\nP\no\nX\nUl\ni\u2014i\nfa\ni\nw\nS\n<:\nO\nto\ncs\nCJ\nfc\n8\nW\nUl\nfc\no\nQ\nfc\n09\ns\ns\no\nE-\"\n<\nCO\nbo\ngfa\nbO  1h\nE O\nE\noj\nbo\nbo\nH\n60,000\n710,200\n208,800\n721,665\nio\nto\nCO\n\u00a9*\n\u00a9\nH\nH\nfc\no\nW\nfa\nDO\nbo\nbo\nU2\nOh\nO\nO\nt .\nV   CO\nbo bo\nE E\nE~\nIO\nCM\nr4\nfl\n\u00a9\nH\nfa\n\u00a9   O   O   \u00a9\nOOO\u00a9\n\u00a9  o o  \u00a9\nio\" \u00a9\" IO* \u25a0\u00bb*\nCM    CM             rH\n\u00a9  o\n\u00a9  \u00a9\no o\nCM\"  \"tf\"\n\u00ab*    rH\n\u00a9\no\n\u00a9\no\nCM\n\u00a9 \u00a9\no o\nfc- o\no\" ci\"\nCO\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\nfc-\nCM\nUS\n0\u00a90\u00a9\u00a90\u00a9\u00a9\u00a9\u00a9\u00a90\u00a9\n0\u00a90\u00a9\u00a9OOiO\u00a90\u00a90\u00a9\nOOOOOOOOOOOOOO\nioocjjioiooio\"       owiooio\"\nrH                               rH                                                  r^\nCO\nbo\no\no\n\u00a9\nCS\n\u00a9\nrH\n\u00a9\no\n\u00a9\no\nto\n\u00a9 \u00a9\no o\n\u00a9_ o_\noo\" Tj\"\nCM   <\u00a9\nrH   TT\n\u00a9\no\noo\nto\n\u00a9\no\no\ncs\nfl\nfc\nM\nm\nfc\ni .\n0)   CO\nbo bo\nE E\nE3\n(4\nfa\nCO\nbO\nH\nH\n\u00ab!\nO\nM\nM\nH\nH\nP\no\nfa\nCO\nbo\nba\nfc\nj\nrH\nO\nrJ       CO\nfc   S>0\n2 fi\nH +3\n3 fi~\n\"-\u2022   cd m\n\u00b0fc\u00ab\nK         2\nS   o-g\n>*   to *\n3       CBrC\nel3\n\u00a7 t;\nLh   cd\n0,\nOkanagan District\u2014Continued.\nBeaver Lake Hatchery\u2014Continued.\nCD\nfi\nfl\n\u2022fl\nDQ\nO\nfl\n0\nP4\nra\nfl\nB\na\n5\nfl\nfl\nfi\nH\nHP\nQJ\nrH\nu\n0\nCti\nfl\nrH\nfi\nb<\na\nCQ\nOi\nM\nfi\nfl\nfl\n\u00ab\nr\"\nCQ\nOJ\nr\u00a3\nRl\nfl\nrH\n01\nft\nPi\nC8\nrH\nfl\n4\no\nu\nO\n0>\nV\nc\nCO\n>\ndi\nM\n(A\nfl\ncd\nj\nrC\nfl\nu\nc\nfl\no\n>0\nc\nOJ\no\nfl\nOJ\n>\nXV\nfl\nK\nTJ\nC\n0\nta\nfi\n\"S\nfi\nOJ\nfl\ncs\nc\ni\n0\nCJ\nM\na\n*e\nc\no\nQ\n6j\nc\ncd\nfl\nc\no\nfi\nu\nOJ\ni>\nrH\n0J\nrfl\no\n+\u00bb\ncd\nfl\ncd\nfl\n&\n0J\nfl\n>>\nu\n0i\nrfl\n\u2022H\nfi\nK\nrH\no\nxi\n>,\n0\nfl\n>,\nf*\n01\n-fl\nCJ\n+)\ncs\nM\nc\no\n(0\n*S\nh\nCJ\nrfl\ne\n4>\nCfl\nfl\nfl\nJ\"!\nfH\n0>\n\u00a3\nS\ns\nCO\nK\n\"3\no\ni\nto\nto\n6\n%\ns\ne\nV\ng\ns\n=1\naj\nA\naj\nfl\nrH\ncd\n60\n<\noi\nrtt\nfi\nfl\nT3\nc\n3\n<\na\nA\nR\nfl\nfl\no\ntc\n<\na\na\nfl\nrH\na.\nfl\nM\nfl\n\u00bbH\nfi\nfl\na\np;\ncj\nfl\nQ.\nU\nP\ng\nrH\ncd\na>\nfl\na\n\u25a0J)\nCQ\nfi\nc\n<\nfl\n0\nn\nfl\nOJ\na\nfl\na\nfi\nfl\nC\no\nQ\nu\nfi\nCfl\ncd\nc\n0)\nIn\nfl\noi\nfl\nfi\n'fi\nrfl\nB\nrt\nfl\nHP\nfl\nrC\na\nPi\nfi\nfl\n*3\n.*S\n'5\n5\n0\nu\n0J\ncd\nfl\nr2\n'>\ns REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME  COMMISSION, 1948.\nX 99\nOOO\n\u00a9     :\nCO\nCM\n\u00a9 o     :\no o     :\n\u00a9 \u00a9    :\n\u00a9 o*    i\nCM   rH       :\noooo\u00a9\nin co o \u00a9 \u00a9\nrH   O   \u00a9_ \u00a9_ t-;\nN   K3   It)* IO* t\"\nOOOO\nO \u00a9 \u00a9 \u00a9\nOOO\u00a9\nin \u00a9 io\" in\noooo\u00a9\no o o \u00a9 o\no   O   O   \u00a9   M*\ni   o   \u00a9\n; io io\"\noooo\u00a9\nO   \u00a9   tr-   O   to\nO     N     T\u00bb     Tf     N\n\u25a0^ fl1 01 cm\" io\n:   fi     :   S   n\n^    S,    Cf   J   J\nC S3  \"\u00b0\nCO     ^     \"\na \u00ab- j\ni g \"3 \u00abi ^ \u2022a\nfa\nJ3\ni   ?   \u00abJ\nft,\n13\n8\nS\n2      *\nM\nsi \u00a7 S\n0)\nJ =3\n-5      rH      fiflj      CS<;SW      >,flSfl\nJg^^.SSSS    26 = -\n& \u00a3 \u00bb JS '3 .S s a s 3 3 \u00a3 \u00a7 * S B 5 * \u00b0 .5 -S 3 cd sS\nR E cd \u00ab Jo\nI 3 rl J \u00ab\ni I j s ^\n1 s - '\nid 3 oj g\nJO  33 cd ,j cd\nbt-5 3 g 5\no    cd 4d ,\u00b0 OJ\nO M O r* M\ni    fc    ft        ,\nw    : rW pd\n: QJ \u00ab\n311 ? \u00b0\ni j j\nr^     9    >>\n\u00ab. \u2014 ''- M C\u00bb,\nJO CJ CJ   CJ 0, Ih\nCd H Sh     t. * cd\nH-'iS**\n- s. S-,   > m E\n\u25a0s S a s m B\nr\u2014i ra ro    0) .\u2014 O\n<j pa 03 m H w X 100\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\ns\n8\n*^5\nHO\ni\no\noo\nO\ng\nz\n<\np\nPh\nH\nP\nO\n03\nH\nfa\no\n>H\n03\n\u00ab!\nS\ns\np\n(73\nW\nu\nZ\n<\n03\nW\n^\n03\nP\n\u25baJ\nP\nw\ns-,\nfa\nI\nH\nS\n<c\nO\nUl\nO\nC5\nfc\ntf\nO\nPd\nUl\nfc\no\na\ng\nw\ns\n63\no\nEh\n\u25a0<\nW\nCO\ns\n.s>,\nSfa\nIs\nE\nCO\n60\n60\nH\nW\nM\no\nfl\nfa\n\u00a9\no\nen\nio\nCM\n\u00a9\no\no\no\n\u00a9\no\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\no\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\"\nCO\nCQ\nto\nbO\nH\no\n: o\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\no\no\no\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\"\nIO\no\no\n\u00a9\n\u00a9*\nUS\n\u00a9   \u00a9\no o\no o\n\u00a9\" \u00a9\nIO   o\no\no\no\n\u00a9*\nUS\no\no\n\u00a9\n\u00a9*\no\nrH\nooo\nooo\n\u00a9_ o \u00a9\nio o\" o\"\nCM    O   O\no    :\no     ;\n\u00a9    :\n\u00a9\"\no     :\nm\nP-\no\no\nj\nSh     .\n0,  CO\n60 60\nE E\nE =\nO   CD   IO   t-\nin \u2022*#  i-i \"*\nN   O    f    CS\nfl cm\" fl oo\"\nCM    rH    rH    CM\nSh\nfa\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\nOS\nCM\nt- \u00a9\nrH    O\n\u00a9   \u00a9\nfl o\"\nIO\no\no\no\nIO\nCM\n\u00a9\no\no_\n\u00a9\nIO\nCO\n60\n60\nfa\n\u00a9\no\nt-\n\u00a9\"\nCM\nO\nIO\n\u00a9\nOS?\nCO\nM\no\no\noc\nfl\nM\nH\nUl\n<\nW\nSh     .\nOJ   CO\n60 60\nE C\nfa\u2122\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\nCO\neo\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\"\nCM\no\n\u00a9\no\nto\n\u00a9 o o\n\u00a9 \u00a9 o\n\u00a9 o  \u00a9\n\u00a9* \u00a9* IO\nCO    rH    rH\n\u00a9\no\no\nCM\nSi\nSh\nfa\no\no\n\u00a9\no\nCO\n60\nbo\nfa\nEh'\nO\nK\nH\nH\nEh\nP\no\nSh\nfa\nto\"\nOJJ\nH\n1\nrH\nO\n\u25ba,'     CO\nfc  bo\n2 fi\nH  \u00a3\nH   cd m\n= \"SS\n><    CO   S.\nCO    S,   CJ\n\u25a0d     cd JQ\n3.JT\n3 fi\nIn   cd\nPh\nKootenay District\u2014Continued.\nNelson Hatchery\u2014Continued.\noi\nM\ncd\nfl\nX\no\nfl\n0J\nPi\ncd\nfl\ns\nfi\ncd\nD\na\nM\nQ\nfl\nfl\na\n'p\nS\ncd\nrfl\no\noi\n%\nfl\ncd\n.5\nPA\na\nAt\n9\n0)\nu\nO\nN\n4J\nfl\nCJ\nj3\nO\n0)\nrH\no\n9\n0\nis\nc\nQ\n\u25a0g\no\nD\n0)\nrH\nO\n\u2022d\n0\ncd\nrH\no\n0J\nM\nn\nfl\n-fl\ny:\nfc\n4\n01\nu\na\na\n0\nC\n0J\n>\nfl\nHp\nod\no\nC\nPi\nfi\nfl\nfl\nrH\no\nH\nOJ\nr*\nfi\nfl\n|\nOJ\n\u25baa\nD\nr^\nfl\ncd\nM\n\u00a3\nM\ncd\nfl\n0\nO\n4>\n0J\nfl\ncd\no\nfl\n0J\nfi\nfl\nfc\ncd\nC\n\u25a0fl\no\n0\nfl\n\"a\ncd\nfl\n0J\nPi\nfi\nfl\nfc\nat\nfi\nS\n+5\n0\no\nfl\n15\na\nfl\n0J\n>\no\nP3\nCC\nOJ\nrS\ned\nfl\nfc\ncd\nC\n0)\n0\no\nfl\n1\nJH\n<\n->P\na\n0J\nee\nfl\nfc\na\nc\na\no\nfl\n\u00a3\ncd\n0\n4->\nc\n\u00a3\nr-\nw\n0J\ni\nOJ\nfc\ncd\nfl\noj.\n-p\no\no\nfl\na\n\u2022C\nu\nod\nfl\n-3\nCJ\ncd\nfl\noi\nPi\ncd\nfl\nfl\n03\nO\no\nw\n0J\nfl\n01\ncd\nfl\nfl\no\n3\na\n-id\nfi\nfl\na\n0J\n13\nrO\nR\nS\n0)\n>\nfl\nCJ\n3\nw\nM\nE\n'cd\ns\n0J\na>\n-H\nO\no\ncd\nCJ\ns\n9J\nV\nIH\nu\ng\nr^\nCj\nrH\no\nfi\n0\nBO\ns\n0\nPi\nfi\nfl\n_o\n*s\n0\nr-\n0)\n>\nfl\nd\n\"fc\no\ns\na\n\u25a03\nQJ\nIH\nu\nre\na\np\no\nQ\nc\nfi\nIS\np\ncd\np\nP\u00abJ\ncd\n0\nrJ>\ncd\nfl\nfi\ncd\nb\nec\nc\noi\nJt\nO\nCJ\nV\nSH\no\nrH\nci\nfl\nu\n0)\ncS\n0, REPORT OP PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948.\nX 101\n102,000\n168,000\n150,000\no\n\u00a9\n\u00a9_\no\"\nCM\no\n\u00a9\n\u00a9n\n\u00a9\"\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\no\n\u00a9\nio\"\nIO\nCO\nCO   IO\nCM   *=J\u00ab\nCO    CO\noo\" t>\nCO   t>\nCM\nCM\n00\nCO\nCO\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\nCM\nIO\nIO\n\u00a9 \u00a9\n\u00a9 \u00a9\no   \u00a9_\no\" \u00a9*\n\u00a9 \u00a9\n\u00a9 \u00a9\n\u00a9 \u00a9\n\u00a9^ \u00a9^\n\u00a9\" \u00a9*\nIO   \u00a9\nrH\no\n\u00a9\n\u00a9^\n\u00a9*\nIO\nr-T\nr-X\nCO\nc-\n\u25a0fl\nCO\n\u00a9\nCO\nCM\noo\"\no\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\"\nIO\no   \u00a9\n\u00a9 o\n\u00a9 \u00a9\n\u00a9 \u00a9\nCO   rH\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\no\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\nCM\na?\nrH\n\u00a9\no\ncs\n\u00a9\"\nIO\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\nio*\nco\n\u00a9\n1-x\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\nm\nr-i\no\n\u00a9\nIO\no \u00a9 \u00a9\no  \u00a9  \u00a9\n\u00a9 \u00a9 o\n\u00a9  >o\" \u00a9\"\nrH             f~\\\n\u00a9\nIO\n\u00a9\ncs?\neo\no\nCD\nCO\nCO\n\u00a9\nIO\nl>\nCO*\nCM\n\u00a9\n\u00bbo\nt-\nos?\nCM\n\u00a9\nIO\nOJ\ntfl\n\u00a9\nrH\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\nCM\no*\nCO\n\u00a9 \u00a9\n\u00a9 \u00a9\n\u00a9 \u00a9\n\u00a9 \u00a9\nrH   CM\n\u00a9\no\nCM\nCM\nCM\nCM\n\u00a9\no\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\no\n\u00a9\no\n--\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\n\u00a9_\n00\nCM\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\nDO\nin\np-\nQ\nOJ\nrH\no\n00\nUl\nQ\nfl\nrW\ng\nu\nC\nrC\nGO\n<fi\nX\nc\nfl\na\n\u25ba4\nB\n1\nrC\n01\nD\nC\nfl\nSh\nCJ\n>\nfl\nB\no\ns\n\"fi\np^\n*-\nc\nfc\nc\nHh\n0\n>\nfl\np\nc\n\u00a3\n\"fi\na\nr^\n0\nfl\nP\n1\na\nP\nrC\n0\nPC\n0\nfl\nfl\n0\n\\\n1\nc\nfl\ni=\n0\nc\nc\n5\nu\na\n>\nfi\ne\ne\nc\npr\nc\n!\ni\n0\n1\ns.\nHH\ns\n\u00a3\ns\nCJ\nrH\ncj\nc\nc\nfi\na\na\nf\nc\ncd\nfc\n1\n'p\ni>\na\nH\na\no\nc\nI\na\n0\nfl\ncd\n0\n1\n9\n0\nci\nfl\nfi\ncd\n.c\na\n0\nrC\nr*\n0\n-\na\nt.\n1\nJ\nc\n1\na\nJo\nCd\ns-~\n1\nE\n\u00a7\nT3\nK\ni*\n1\n03\n1\nOh\n1\n!>\n<\u00bb\n\u25ba=;\no\ntX3\n-2\n9    v\n$   *<\nfl    a\nC\n0\n5\nc\nr-\n_fl\nfl\nr*\nI\nc\n1\ncc\nQ\n3\nt\nOJ\n4J\nC\nC\nfl\n1\ns-\nc\n>\ns-\n1\nT3\n1\n0\n4\nc\nEh\n-<\u00a3\n\u00a9    X.\nC5    o\n)C\nC,\n4J\ncd\nfl\nc\nc\nA\nP\n>\na\nrfi\nc\n4\ncd\nfl\nc\n\u2122\ne\n>\n01\ns-C\nt\nt\nw\ns\ne\n,3\nD\n1\n4-\nC\ntr\n5j\ns>\nCO\no\ne\no\no\n?>\nS\nS\nfc\nr\na\nrC\nc\ncd\nK\ncfl\nfi\n0\nm\n0\nA\nCI\nfl\n0.\n4J\nfi\ncd\nfl\nrH\no\nn\n1\n01\n\u00a3\nr\nfi\nw\n5f\n0\nfi\nfl\na\n+-\ncS\nis\nCJ\nfi\nfl\ni\n0\nfl\n01\np\nfl\nCO\nOJ\nrM\nfi\nfl\nJH\nfi\nID\no X 102\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\n13\n<*J\n\u2022co\nHO\ns\no\nO\n00\na.\n03\nU\nZ\nfl\nz\n<\n\u25baJ\nPH\n\u00a3-i\nP\nO\n03\nEh\nfa\no\n03\n<C\ns\nS\nP\nm\no\n<;\n03\nPQ\nH\n03\nP\nH\nP\nw\nS-,\nfa\n\u25a0\nw\nS\n<!\no\na\nH\n8\nK\nUl\nfc\nt,\no\n0\ng\nCQ\nW\n\u00ab\nK\no\nfl\nCO\n60\nI\u201e\nSfa\n60 s.\nS 0\nE\nM\n60\nfa\nP\nw\no\nw\nSh\nfa\nCO\n60\nto\nH\nPh\nO\nO\n-J\nb\nfl\nSh    .\nCD  co\n60 60\nB E\nE\u2122\nSh\nfa\no\no\n\u00a9\nSO\n\u00a9\nCO\n\u00a9\nio\"\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\n\u00a9n\nio\"\n\u00a9  o\nCM   \u00a9\nrH    O\nIO    \u00a9\"\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\no\n\u00a9\nco  \u00a9  \u00a9   o\n>tf   o   \u00a9   \u00a9\n\u00a9_   \u00a9    \u00a9_   \u00a9_\n\u00a9\"   IO   \u00a9\"   IO\n\u00a9 \u00a9 \u00a9 \u00a9  \u00a9\n\u00a9  \u00a9   \u00a9  \u00a9   \u00a9\nIO   IO   o   \u00a9   \u00a9\nfc- fc- \u00bbo *0 tr-\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\nCM\nrH    \u00a9    tO    O    O\nCM   \u00a9   t-   O   O\nrH    O    \u00a9    \u00a9    O\nO  IO  \u00a9  IO  \u00a9\nCM                                rH\nP\n,60\na\nc\nO\na\nm\nz\na\np\nE-t\nCO\nfc\nSh    .\n0J  CO\n60 60\nE S\nE3\nSh\nfa\nCO\n60\n60\nfa\nEh'\n<\nO\nBS\n\u00bb\nEH\nEH\nP\no\ns*\nfa\no\nCD\nSO\neo\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\nIO\no\no\nC>\n00\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\nCO\n\u00a9 \u00a9\n\u00a9 \u00a9\n1*  \u00a9\n\u00a9\" io\"\n\u25a0<#   CM\no\no\nCM\n\u00a9\nS\n.to\nfa\nIO   o\nCO   \u25a0\u00ab*\nCO*  to\"\no   \u00a9\nIO\nCO\nCO\nfl\n\u00a9\nCM\ntr-\"\nSO\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\n\u00a9_\nco\"\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\n00\nt\ni\nrH\nO\n\u2022     01\na  to\n3 fi\nfl-\n\u00b0\u00a3g\n*     CO   Sh\nB    S.  QJ\n0      CdrQ\nh|\nd   cd\nKootenay District\u2014Continued.\nCranbrook Hatchery\u2014Continued.\na\nCJ\nJo\ncd\nM\n4H\nO\nCI\n\u25a03\nE\ns\ne\"\n's\nsri\nSh\"\ncd\nJJJ\nE\n3\n0\n[a\n\"c\nrH\n01\nfc\no\nt\n0\nfl\nrH\n0)\nfl\n0\n1\n0J\nfc\no\nrfl\n4->\nP\nQ\nCO\nIh\n0\nr>\nfl\nfc\no\nfi\nfl\n<u\no\n\u00a7\n0)\n>\np\nP3\nfi\n0J\nrM\ncd\nfl\n-fl\nE\nCJ\nrH\nO\nOJ\nr\u00ab\ncd\nfl\nfc\na\nPi\ncd\nfl\n4-\"\nfl\nrQ\nrH\ncd\nC\nrH\nOJ\n!>\nfl\n43\no\nc\noi\nPi\ncd\nfl\no>\n>\ncd\nOJ\ncd\nfl\n\"cd\nfl\n0\nPi\na\nfl\n0J\no\nJ3\n?'\nOJ\n10\nrH\no\nK\n9J\ncd\nfl\nfl\nc\nfl\n0\n\u00bb1\nPi\na\nfl\nfl\n0\nOJ\nfl\nrp\ncd\n0\nfl\n0\nfi\nfl\nP\n#cd\nfl\ni\no\ns\ncd\nCO\na\n3\na\nPi\n0-\nH\nfi\np\n5\nfl\n0\ncC\nfl\nT\nC\nP\nfl\n0\nr*\na\nfl\n01\n4J\n'c\nfi\n0\nCj\nO\nIH\n0\nPi\ncd\nfl\n5\nu\nfl\nc\ns\nrH\na\n4*\ncd\nc\nfi\nOJ\nfl\no\n0\nOI\nh\n0J\nc\n'>\ncd\na>\nfl\n0\nfl\n0\n\">,\no\n0\n-li\nec\nfl\n.5\n'5\nfl\nv\na\nJo\nn\ns-1\nS\nZ\n0\nPi\nS\nfl\nrH\nfl\na\n4-\nc\nz\n\u25a0i\n0)\nIH\nOJ\n.\u00a3\n*>\ncd\n0)\nfl\n0\nPi\na\nfl\nto\n\"s\na\n-fl\nr\u00b1t\nC,\nV\nfl\np\u00abi\n0\n0>\nIH\no\nIH\n0)\nfl\n0\nM\na\nH\nrH\n0\n'i\ns\nIH\nfl\nai\nN\nHP\nIH\ncd\n3\n-^\nai\nJc\ncd\nfl\na\nfl\n0)\n>\nA)\no\nfl\na\nPi\nCC\nfl\n'o\no\nfl\nOJ\nfi\nfl\nCO\nfco\n.s\n'rH\nfl\nIH\n0) REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948.\nX 103\n*\n: io\n: \u00a9\nt-\n!   \u00a9\nIO\n\u00a9\nifl\n\u00a9\nt-\nlO\nin\n\u00a9 o \u00a9\n\u00a9 \u00a9 \u00a9\n\u00a9 \u00a9 \u00a9\nfl   IO    \u00a9\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\n\u00a9_\n\u00a9\"\nCO\n00\nOI\nt-\nCM\no o  \u00a9\n\u00a9 \u00a9 o\n\u00a9^ \u00a9 o\nO  IO* co\"\n: o o  o \u00a9\n\u00a9 \u00a9 \u00a9 O\n\u00a9 \u00a9 \u00a9 \u00a9\n\u00a9\" \u00bbo\" \u00a9 \u00a9\nrH   CM   CM   CO\n\\ 0\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\n0\n\u00a9\n0\n\u00a9\nCM\n\t\n\t\n\u00a9\no\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\"\nCM\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\nIO\nIO\nIO\nCO\nCO\nIO\no\nCO\nCM\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\no\nio\"\n0 \u00a9\n\u00a9 \u00a9\n\u00a9 \u00a9\n10 \u00a9\nCM   rH\n0\n\u00a9\n\u00a9\nto\n\u00a9 \u00a9\n00   \u00a9\noo  o\nCO   o\nm\no\nCO\nIO\nCO\n\u00a9\n\u00a9_\ncm\"\no\n\u00a9\no\nio\"\n\u00a9\n0\n\u00a9\n\u00a9*\nCM\n\u00a9\n0\n\u00a9\nCO\nsi\n>\n2\nj-\nCJ\n3\nJ3\nCJ\nE\n3\nJ<3\nO\nJ?\n1      CQ\no\nM\ncd\nfl\ni\nai\nPi\nfi\nfl\nI\ncd\na\nfl\nCQ\nci\nAt\nfi\nfl\nu\n%\nOJ\n>\nU\nfi\nCQ\noj\nr*\ncd\nfl\nu\noi\ne\ncd\n\u00a3\nfi\nH\nOJ\nr-i\nfi\nfl\nfi\n'S\nfl\nM\nOJ\nCJ\nu\nO\n>\u00bb\nCJ\n'cci\n>\n1-\nOJ\nJfl\na\n4\u00bb\nfi\ns\ncd\nfl\nc\ni\n4i\na\nis\nQJ\nci\nfl\n0)\nrj\n01\n\u00a3\nQJ\nfl\nIE\n05\nrp\nfl\nO\nfl\n(30\nfl\n\"C\nfi\nQJ\nfl\n|\nCJ\nC\nO\n1\nJ3\n>>\nU\n0)\nfl\na\nK\nOJ\nrM\no\nH~>\nt*\n01\nfl\ntr.\n1\nSH\nu\no\nw\n'a\n0\nr*\nR\nfl\n.a\nrC\ntc\n0)\nfl\n0\nr*\nfi\nfl\n=1\ncd\n-Q\nIH\n+-\u25a0\na\nfl\nQJ\nr*\nfi\nfl\no\nrfl\nw\n\u00a3\nQJ\nrH\n+\u25a0\u00bb\nW\nn=S\n'o\na\nP\u00a3\na\n0)\nS\nu\n>\n01\n0>\nM\no\nCJ\nPi\nfi\nfl\n\u25a0fl\n4>\nf\nJH\no\ndi\nr&\ncS\nfl\n4:\n1\n\u00a3\nc\nCO\na\nJ<!\ncd\ns4\n1\n>\nI\n\u25a0fl\nH\na\nr*\nci\nfl\nrt\na\ncd\n>\na\nrX\nfl\nu\n0\nc\n>\n'A\n43\n0\ns\ncd\nfl X 104\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nKeturns from 2,420 Holders of Special Firearms Licences, showing Big Game,\nFur-bearing Animals, and Predatory Animals killed, Season 1947-48.\nBear \t\nCaribou\nDeer -\t\nMoose -\nBig Game.\n585 Mountain-goat\n28\n860\n407\nMountain-sheep\nWapiti (elk) .....\nBeaver\nFisher\nFox \t\nLynx ...\n  6,794\n  312\n  598\n  539\nMarten   7,015\nMink   4,910\nMuskrats   36,661\nFur-bearing Animals.\nOtter ...\nRacoon\n86\n15\n25\n387\n935\n268\nSkunk \t\nSquirrels  137,132\nWeasels     21,329\nWildcat         252\nWolverine          131\nCougar\nCoyotes\nPredatory Animals.\n152 Wolves\n2,310\n309\nStatement of Vermin destroyed by Game Wardens during the Year 1948.\nGame Divisions.\nTotal.\n\" A.\"\n\" B.\"\n\" C.\"\n\" D.\"\n\"E.\"\nAnimals.\n3\n43\n299\n80\n200\n42\n89\n12\n46\n29\n6\n3\n104\n115\n150\n50\n78\n17\n434\n26\n55\n30\n25\n19\n2\n20\n6\n13\n41\n499\n100\n238\n65\n26\n1,283\n85\n295\n598\n169\n158\n3\n7\n110\n34\n2\n40\n229\n32\n34\n32\n17\n142\n4\n3\n7\n6\n45\n346\n30\n880\n63\n107\n20\n22\n23\n4\n26\n19\n195\n739\n45\n150\n150\n995\n194\n66\nBirds.\n3,026\n248\n580\n628\n387\n28\n53 report of provincial game commission, 1948. x 105\nSummary of Liberation of Game Birds, 1948.\nArea. Pheasants.\nVancouver Island\u2014\nAlberni   60\nCourtenay  424\nNanaimo-Parksville   54\nVictoria (North and South Saanich)  575\nTotal      1,113\nLower Mainland\u2014\nAgassiz   250\nChilliwack   594\nDelta   2,563\nLulu Island  1,030\nMatsqui  214\nMission (Hatzic and Nicomen Island)  663\nPitt Meadows   2,686\nSumas Prairie   2,674\nSurrey   2,462\nTotal   13,136\nInterior\u2014\nDawson Creek  24\nFort St. John  24\nGrand Forks  660\nKamloops  843\nKelowna   181\nNakusp   56\nPenticton   210\nSalmon Arm  336\nVanderhoof   48\nVernon   503\nTotal      2,885\nSummary.\nDistrict.\nVancouver Island      1,113\nLower Mainland  13,136\nInterior  :     2,885\nTotal   17,134\nNinety California quail were purchased and liberated in the Victoria district\nduring the year.\nNOTE.\u2014Total cost covering purchase of all game birds listed was $28,218.40. x 106 british columbia.\nStatement of Game-bird Farmers, 1948.\nNumber and Kind of Birds on Hand as at January 1st, 1948.\nPheasants      3,763 Geese  1\nQuail        173 Partridge          27\nDucks          26\nNumber and Kind of Birds raised, 1948.\nPheasants   25,863 Ducks         135\nQuail          97 Partridge          15\nNumber and Kind of Birds purchased, 1948.\nPheasants        496 Quail   2\nNumber and Kind of Birds sold, 1948.\nPheasants   19,567 Partridge   11\nQuail         170\nNumber and Kind of Birds killed or died, 1948.\nPheasants      4,023 Geese  1\nDucks         100\nNumber and Kind of Birds on Hand as at December 31st, 1948.\nPheasants      6,532 Ducks         61\nQuail         102 Partridge          31\nNote.\u2014During the year 1948 there were 108 licensed game-bird farmers in the\nProvince, but during the year 1948, sixteen of these farmers discontinued business.\nSix game-bird farmers have not submitted returns. Game-bird bands sold to licensed\ngame-bird farmers during the year 1948 amounted to $220.20 (2,202 bands at ten cents\neach).\nMiscellaneous Revenue, 1948.\nSale of Lists of Various Licence-holders, etc.\n3 trappers' at $15 per copy  $45.00\n2 fur-traders' at $1.50 per copy  3.00\n5 game-convention minutes at 75 cents per copy  3.75\n2,202 game-bird bands at 10 cents each  220.20\n271 trap-line transfer fees at $2.50 each  677.50\nProceeds, sale of trout eggs  700.00\nProceeds, export live fur-bearing animals  175.00\nProceeds, permits export game meat  157.50\nTotal   $1,981.95 REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948.\nX 107\nLIST OF GUIDES AND NON-RESIDENT OUTFITTERS, 1948.\nDefinition of Guide Licence Classifications.\nA First-class Guide shall be one who has acted as a guide in the Province for a\nperiod of at least three years in the ten years immediately preceding his application for\na guide's licence and who has suitable equipment for outfitting any person desiring to\nhunt game.\nA Second-class Guide shall be one who has acted as a guide in the Province for a\nperiod of at least three years in the ten years immediately preceding his application for\na guide's licence, but who cannot qualify as a First-class Guide.\nAn Assistant Guide shall be one who cannot qualify as either a First-class or\nSecond-class Guide, and shall be entitled to act as a guide in the hunting of game birds\nor in angling for trout, and after securing a permit so to do from the Game Commission\nwhen employed by, or under the supervision of a First- or Second-class Guide to guide\nbig-game hunters.\nEast Kootenay \"A\" (Cranbrook-Invermere-Golden Districts).\nLicence\nName and Address of Guide. Grade.\nAlton, William, Parson  Asst.\nAnderson, Charles D., Windermere     1st\nAsimont, Horst, Invermere     2nd\nBaldry, Charles, Windermere    2nd\nBelcher, Walter, Canal Flats Asst.\nBergenham, Peter, Beavermouth      1st\nBjorn, Henry Manning, Port Steele .... Asst.\nBoyle, James, Edgewater    2nd\nBrewer, Carl, Invermere  Asst.\nBrogan, Alex, Canal Flats    2nd\nBuckman, Alan, Fort Steele  Asst.\nBuckman, Charles, Fort Steele Asst.\nBurns, Timothy, Golden  Asst.\nCanning, Lester, Skookumchuck   2nd\nCapilo, Louie, Shuswap Reserve, Athal-\nmer      1st\nCooper, Albert, Invermere    2nd\nDilworth, James, Athalmer   2nd\nDobbie, Alex, Invermere    2nd\nDrysdale,   Alistair   James,   Skookumchuck  Asst.\nDu Bois, Vaughn, Windermere     1st\nEady, Clark W., Golden    2nd\nEady, Margaret, Golden Asst.\nEnglehart, Paul, Invermere Asst.\nEngles, Jack, Invermere Asst.\nFeuz, Sidney W., Golden  Asst.\nFeuz, Walter, Golden      1st\nFisher, Tony, Fairmont    2nd\nGabry, Michael, Brisco   2nd\nGalbraith, Edward, Spillimaeheen   2nd\nGoodwin, Cecile R., Invermere Asst.\nGoodwin, Elwood, Edgewater    2nd\nGould, Percy, Canal Flats     1st\nHamilton, Thomas Joseph, Ta Ta Creek  2nd\nHammond, Lyle, Golden  2nd\nHansen, Trygvert, Wilmer  2nd\nHansen, Walter, Edgewater   2nd\nHarrison, William 0., Edgewater     1st\nHellman, Ernest F., Fort Steele Asst.\nHogan, Charles A., Spillimaeheen     1st\nHogan, Charles M., Spillimaeheen     1st\nHynes, Ben, Spillimaeheen  Asst.\nJimmie, Joe, Windermere  Asst.\nJohnson, Alexander, Invermere   2nd\nJoseph, Camille, Fairmont    2nd\nJoseph, Jerome, Fairmont  2nd\nKain, Isidor, Wilmer   2nd\nName and Address of Guide.\nLicence\nGrade.\nKing, Norman, Golden      1st\nLangdon, Frank, Invermere  Asst.\nLarson, Alfred Athalmer Asst.\nLindborg, Azel, Golden     1st\nLum, George, Fort Steele  Asst.\nMcClain, J. I., Spillimaeheen     1st\nMcKay, Gordon, Invermere      1st\nMcKay, James, Invermere  Asst.\nMichael, David C., Invermere      1st\nMichele, Abraham, Windermere  Asst.\nMitchell, Robert, Brisco     2nd\nMorigeau, Martin, Fairmont      1st\nNicholas, Dominic, Windermere     2nd\nNicol, Arthur Henry, Fort Steele     1st\nNixon, Fred, Parson  Asst.\nNixon, Leigh, Invermere      1st\nNixon, Wilbert W., Parson     2nd\nPalmer, Howard, Canal Flats    2nd\nPelton, Robert Benjamin, Cranbrook ...   2nd\nPhillips, Eclus C, Windermere     1st\nPhillips, Frank A., 1551 St. Andrews,\nNorth Vancouver       1st\nPommier, Emile, Skookumchuck     2nd\nRad, Gordon, Invermere Asst.\nRichter, Frank, Invermere    2nd\nRobison, Arthur E., Canal Flats Asst.\nRomane, William, Golden Asst.\nRutherford, Melvin, Invermere    2nd\nSeward, Arvid, Golden     2nd\nSheek, W. P., Spillimaeheen    2nd\nSparrow, John, Windermere     2nd\nStender, Elmer Clarence, Cranbrook __ Asst.\nStevens, Lawrance, Windermere Asst.\nStewart, Douglas, Spillimaeheen  Asst.\nSykes, Harry, Spillimaeheen     1st\nTegart, George, Edgewater     1st\nTegart, Hiram W., Brisco      1st\nTegart, James, Brisco      1st\nTegart, Raymond, Windermere Asst.\nThomas, Robert George, Parson   2nd\nThompson, James, Brisco      1st\nThompson, Lionel, Edgewater     1st\nTyler, Graham, Invermere    2nd\nWebber, Sidney, Golden      1st\nWhite, James Freeman, Fort Steele __.    1st\nWilson, John, Spillimaeheen  Asst.\nWolfenden, Winston, Brisco    2nd\nWood, William B., Invermere  Asst.\nZapotochny, Stan, Golden  Asst.\nZinkan, Edward, Invermere  Asst. X 108\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nEast Kootenay \" B \" (Cranbrook, East to Crow's Nest,\nincluding Fernie and Natal) .\nName and Address of Guide.\nAnderson, Fred, Wardner\nArbuckle, David, Fernie\nLicence\nGrade.\n...     1st\n..Asst.\nName and Address of Guide.\nLicence\nGrade.\nAshman, Levi, Waterton, Alta.   2nd\nBaher, Fred, Natal  Asst.\nBaher, Mathias, Natal      1st\nBaher, M. C, Natal     1st\nBaher, William, Natal    2nd\nBarnes, Alfred, Fernie     1st\nBarnes, J. M., Fernie      1st\nBetts, Vincent, Wardner  Asst.\nBilly, Andrew, Natal Asst.\nBower, Glen, Wardner  Asst.\nCossarini, Louise, Natal  Asst.\nCunliffe, Thomas, Fernie Asst.\nDvorak, Frank, Fernie     1st\nDvorak, Wenzel, Fernie     2nd\nGorrie (Sr.), Meth, Flagstone     1st\nGorrie (Jr.), Meth, Flagstone   2nd\nGravelle, Alex, Flagstone Asst.\nGravelle, Nicholas, Flagstone   2nd\nHammer, Andy, Wardner Asst.\nHicks, Frank, Fernie     1st\nHicks, Philip, Fernie     1st\nHolley, Charles, Natal Asst.\nHolley, Thomas, Natal  Asst.\nKaisnir, George, Natal     2nd\nKaisnir (Jr.), Harry, Natal    2nd\nLum, Peter Charles, Fort Steele     1st\nMcGinnis, Earl, Natal     1st\nMcGuire, Albert F., Flagstone    2nd\nPorco, Albert, Michel     2nd\nPorco, Ralph, Michel      1st\nRiddell, Harry Scott, Wardner     2nd\nRodney, Sylvester, Natal  Asst.\nRosicky, Andrew W., Wardner  Asst.\nRosicky, Anton, Wardner     1st\nRothel, Malcolm, Natal    2nd\nSiple, Alfred, Wardner     1st\nTalbot, Percy K., Natal Asst.\nVolpatti, Benjamin J., Natal  .    1st\nWhiting, Renal, Natal     2nd\nWilliams, Robert, Fernie Asst.\nWest Kootenay (including Creston-Nelson-Slocan-Kootenay-Arrow\nand Trout Lakes Districts) .\nName and Address of Guide.\nLicence\nGrade.\nAbey, Harry R., Kaslo   2nd\nBenny, Glen E., Creston      1st\nBrett, Artley, Arrow Creek Asst.\nClark, W. F., Howser   2nd\nCummings, Arnold, Boswell     2nd\nCummings, Ray, Boswell  Asst.\nCurrie, H. S., Ainsworth    2nd\nHagen, Frank, Wynndel    2nd\nHallgren, Sven, Ainsworth      1st\nHansen, W., Ainsworth Asst.\nHawkins, Sumner, Port Crawford    2nd\nKacnuk, J., Trout Lake    2nd\nName and Address of Guide.\nKilsby, C. S., Howser ...\nKoch, Charles, Sanca\nLicence\nGrade.\n-Asst.\n...   2nd\nMarks, F. R., Howser     1st\nMcKay, Ellis, Balfour Asst.\nMacNicol, James W., Johnson's Landing 2nd\nNewbrand, E., Nakusp   2nd\nOliver, G. J., Gray Creek   2nd\nO'Neil, Richard, Sanca     2nd\nPeterson, E. H., Sandon   2nd\nSmall, Roy G., Beaton   2nd\nVarney, C. E., Vallican    2nd\nVarney, Roy, Vallican     2nd\nCariboo District \"A\" (100-Mile House South to Ashcroft\nAND INCLUDING CANIM LAKE AND LILLOOET).\nName and Address of Guide.\nLicence\nGrade.\nAllaire, R. J., Goldbridge  Asst.\nArchie, Cassian, Canim Lake  2nd\nArchie, Charlie A., Buffalo Creek  2nd\nArchie, George, Canim Lake   1st\nArchie, Jacob, Canim Lake  1st\nArchie, Joseph, Canim Lake   2nd\nArchie, Tommy, Forest Grove   2nd\nBaker, Fred, Ashcroft  2nd\nBaker, J. A., Clinton   2nd\nBaker, J. C, Loon Lake  2nd\nBaker, R. M., Loon Lake  2nd\nBaldus, William, Fawn   2nd\nBaldus, William, Wells Gray Camp Ltd.,\nFawn  Asst.\nBates, M., Clinton   2nd\nBesette, Arthur, Loon Lake   2nd\nBirdsele, Sam, Clinton   2nd\nBishop, J. A., Clinton   1st\nBob, Henry, Canim Lake  2nd\nBones, Alex, Clinton   1st\nBones, Frank, Clinton   2nd\nBones, Pete, Clinton  2nd\nName and Address of Guide.\nBones, Teresa, Clinton\nLicence\nGrade.\n2nd\nBothwick, Hector, Forest Grove   2nd\nBowden, R. L., Clinton  2nd\nBoyce, Jules, 100-Mile House   2nd\nBradford, A. N., R.R. 1, Fawn   2nd\nBrooke, H. A., Cache Creek  2nd\nCamille, Francis, Canoe Creek  2nd\nChabara, Anna, 70-Mile House   2nd\nCharlie, Jimmie, Forest Grove  2nd\nChristie, Frank, Moha   2nd\nChristie, Thomas L., Moha  Asst.\nChristopher, David, Canim Lake Asst.\nChristopher, Peter, Canim Lake  1st\nCleveland, J. G., Bridge Lake  2nd\nCleveland, L. C, Bridge Lake   1st\nCleveland, R. C, Bridge Lake   2nd\nCleveland, W. L., Bridge Lake  2nd\nColdwell, H. W., Jesmond   1st\nColin, A. A., 100-Mile House   2nd\nCollin, Grover, 100-Mile House  Asst.\nCollins, E. M., Cache Creek   1st\nCollins, J. E., Cache Creek  2nd REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948.\nX 109\nCariboo District \"A\" (100-Mile House South to Ashcroft and\nincluding Canim Lake and Lillooet)\u2014Continued.\nLicence\nName and Address of Guide. Grade.\nConroy, J. S., 70-Mile House  2nd\nCunningham, Charles B., Bralorne   1st\nDahlgren, Carl, Bridge Lake  Asst.\nDaniels, George, Canim Lake   2nd\nDay, W. A., 100-Mile House  2nd\nDeker, English, Forest Grove  2nd\nDoman, G. L., Fawn  2nd\nDougall, A. T., Bridge Lake Asst.\nDougherty Sr., C. A., Ashcroft  1st\nDougherty Jr., C. A., Ashcroft  2nd\nDougherty, E. G., Clinton   1st\nDougherty, J. J., 70-Mile House  2nd\nDyer, G. H., 70-Mile House  2nd\nEberle, Matt, Clinton  Asst.\nEdall, I. K., Fawn  2nd\nEdall, L. S., Fawn  2nd\nEden, D. D., Lone Butte  2nd\nEden, R. B., 70-Mile House  2nd\nErickson, S. W., Canim Lake   2nd\nFaessler, C. J., Fawn   1st\nFenton, Charlie, Clinton   2nd\nFenton, Walter, Jesmond  1st\nFlaherty, R. J., 93-Mile House  1st\nFowler, N., Clinton   1st\nFrost, Freeman, Ashcroft  2nd\nGaines, Clinton, Fawn   2nd\nGammie, H. G., 70-Mile House  2nd\nGeorge, Henry, Cache Creek  2nd\nGott, Joe, Clinton Asst.\nGraf, Mike, R.R. 1, Fawn  2nd\nGreenlee, E. L., Canim Lake  1st\nGrice, Percy, 70-Mile House   2nd\nGrinder, Bert, Clinton   2nd\nGrinder, Bill, Jesmond  2nd\nGrinder, E., Jesmond   2nd\nGrinder, Isidore, Clinton   2nd\nGrinder, John, Big Bar   1st\nGrinder, Louise, Clinton   2nd\nGrinder, Walter, Big Bar   2nd\nHall, M., Bridge Lake   2nd\nHansen, J. F., Bridge Lake   1st\nHansen, Wesley, Bridge Lake  2nd\nHendricks, Ike, Loon Lake   2nd\nHiggins, C. L., Bridge Lake   1st\nHiggins, Ed, Fawn   1st\nHiggins, Marrion, Bridge Lake   1st\nHiggins, R. A., Bridge Lake   1st\nHodges, E. W., R.R. 1, Fawn  2nd\nHorn, Walter A., Lone Butte  2nd\nHouseman, J. J., 100-Mile House  2nd\nHuckvale, A. J., Lone Butte  1st\nHunter, Mickey, Ashcroft  2nd\nHutchison, D. B., 70-Mile House  2nd\nJames, Ernest, Lillooet   2nd\nJames, Pat, Lillooet  Asst.\nJohnson, Claude, Bridge Lake   2nd\nJohnson, J. A., 100-Mile House  1st\nJohnson, J. E., Bridge Lake  2nd\nJohnson, Zale A., Bridge Lake  2nd\nJohnston, Vincent, Bridge Lake  2nd\nKeary, C. J., Tyaughton Lake  2nd\nKellett, George, Canim Lake Asst.\nKerr, Alvis H., Clinton   2nd\nKing, C. J., Fawn  2nd\nKing, G., R.R. 1, Fawn   2nd\nKnauf, H. G., Fawn  1st\nKoster, Henry, Canoe Creek  2nd\nKrebs, Len, 100-Mile House   2nd\nName and Address of Guide.\nLabourdais, E., Clinton, ...\nLabourdais, Joe, Clinton, .\nLand, Robert S., Moha\nLicence\nGrade.\n... 1st\n... 2nd\n...   1st\nLarson, J. 0., Bridge Lake   1st\nLarson, Karl J., Fawn  2nd\nLarson, L. L., Fawn   1st\nLarum, S., Fawn  2nd\nLeavitt, F. W., R.R. 1, Fawn   1st\nLehman, Albert, Lillooet  2nd\nLevick, J. S., Fawn  2nd\nLivingston, Niel, 70-Mile House  2nd\nLord, E., Buffalo Creek   2nd\nLoring, Edwin, Clinton   2nd\nLouie, Freddie, Canoe Creek  2nd\nLouie, Gavy, Canoe Creek  2nd\nLouis, Victor, Canoe Creek  2nd\nMcKay, John, Lytton   2nd\nMacLean, D., Fawn   2nd\nMcMahon, J. C, 70-Mile House   2nd\nMcNiel, B. Spencer, Fawn   1st\nMcNiel, B. H., Fawn Asst.\nMcNiel, Herbert, M., Fawn  1st\nMackie, James C, Fawn   2nd\nMadden, E. E., Cache Creek  2nd\nMaddocks, F., 70-Mile House   2nd\nMarriott, Ron, Clinton   2nd\nMartin, R. M., Bridge Lake   2nd\nMathewson, A. E., Ashcroft  2nd\nMatier, Herb, Clinton   2nd\nMatier, Mrs. M., Ashcroft  2nd\nMabbs, Ben, 70-Mile House  2nd\nMabbs, W. E., 70-Mile House  2nd\nMooring, Alex, Fawn   2nd\nMorris, D. L., Forest Grove   2nd\nMurray, G., Clinton   2nd\nMath, Carl, J., Fawn  2nd\nNelson, Ronald, Clinton  2nd\nOdian, E. J., Fawn   2nd\nO'Keeffe, Wally, Rexmount   2nd\nOlafson, H. J., Lone Butte   2nd\nOleman, Patrick, Shalalth   2nd\nOsterlund, Ed, Moha  2nd\nParent, S. J., Fawn   2nd\nPark, Arlie H., 70-Mile House   2nd\nPark, Jack, 70-Mile House  2nd\nParkes, L. G., 70-Mile House   2nd\nPaul, L., Canoe Creek   2nd\nPerrault, Joseph, Jesmond   2nd\nPetrie, Don, Bridge Lake  2nd\nPigeon, J. R., Clinton   1st\nPowell, Henry J., Clinton   1st\nPowell, T. G., Sheridan Lake   1st\nPiero, J., Cache Creek   2nd\nPigeon, Arne, Clinton   2nd\nPigeon, C. L., Clinton  2nd\nPigeon, P. F., Clinton Asst.\nPinkney, R. 0., Canim Lake   2nd\nPollard, J. H., Clinton   1st\nPrydatok, Steve, 70-Mile House  2nd\nReinertson, R. J., Taylor Lake  2nd\nReynolds, A. J., Big Bar Creek  1st\nReynolds, H. D., Big Bar Creek  2nd\nRidenhour, R., Bridge Lake   2nd\nRoper, Alfred, Forest Grove  2nd\nRosenau, Richard, Canim Lake  Asst.\nRosette, Augustine, Gang Ranch  1st\nRussell, L. J., Lillooet   2nd\nScheepbouwer, J. A., 70-Mile House  2nd X 110\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nCariboo District \"A\" (100-Mile House South to Ashcroft and\nincluding Canim Lake and Lillooet)\u2014Continued.\nName and Address of Guide.\nLicence\nGrade.\nName and Address of Guide.\nLicence\nGrade.\nScheepbouwer, John C, 70-Mile House    1st\nScheepbouwer, W., 70-Mile House   2nd\nScott, Doug, 100-Mile House   2nd\nScotton, George, Lillooet  Asst.\nSedman, J., R.R. 1, Fawn     2nd\nSingleton, W., Fawn    2nd\nSpencer, J. H., Cache Creek  Asst.\nSpencer, L. C. P., Ashcroft    2nd\nStanislaus, Patrick, Canim Lake  Asst.\nSundman, John, 100-Mile House     2nd\nTaylor, Dick, Bridge Lake     2nd\nTerry, David, Lillooet  Asst.\nTheodore, Paul, Canim Lake  Asst.\nThomason, D. M., Bridge Lake      1st\nThorsteinson, Charles, 93-Mile House.   2nd\nTom, William, Lillooet Asst.\nTurney, R. J., Fawn  1st\nUmphrey, S. T., Fawn  2nd\nVan Horlick, Buster, Clinton   2nd\nVecqueray, A. E., Clinton   2nd\nVecqueray, R. J., Clinton  2nd\nWalsh, F. C, 83-Mile House  2nd\nWatkinson, Bob R., Lillooet   2nd\nWatt, Lloyd, 21-Mile House Asst.\nWestman, James, Forest Grove  2nd\nWhitley, W. P., 70-Mile House  2nd\nWilkinson, Charles. 70-Mile House  2nd\nWilkinson, T. H., Fawn  2nd\nWinteringham, Frank, Fawn   2nd\nWomack, C. B., Fawn   2nd\nWrigley, E. W., Clinton  1st\nYoung, W., Clinton   2nd\nCariboo District\nName and Address of Guide.\nAbram, A. E., Lac la Hache\nB \" (100-Mile House North to Marguerite,\nEast of Fraser River) .\nLicence\nGrade.\n...   2nd\nAlexander, Jack, Lac la Hache   1st\nAsh, Chris, Big Lake   2nd\nAsserlind, H. C., Keithley Creek  2nd\nAtkins, Don, Horsefly   2nd\nBarker, Peter, Big Lake   2nd\nBarrett, Stan, Likely _      2nd\nBarton, Thomas, Lac la Hache   1st\nBathgate, John S., Lac la Hache  2nd\nBranch, Edward, Miocene   2nd\nBrown, James J., Lac la Hache  2nd\nBryce, Jack, Big Lake   2nd\nCropley, R. H., Ochiltree  2nd\nCurtis, Rae, Williams Lake   2nd\nDick, Matthew, Ochiltree  2nd\nDixon, Edward, Lac la Hache   2nd\nDixon, Maurice, Lac la Hache   2nd\nEagle, Cliff B., Lac la Hache   1st\nEwart, Don, Lac la Hache  1st\nFelker, W. R., 150-Mile House  2nd\nFord, Clair, Horsefly  2nd\nForster, Hubert, Likely   1st\nGibbons, M. L., Horsefly  1st\nGoetten, Charles E., Horsefly  2nd\nGraham, James, Horsefly   2nd\nGraham, John, Horsefly  2nd\nGraham, Robert, Likely   2nd\nGunn, John M., Horsefly  1st\nHaller, August, Lac la Hache   2nd\nHamilton, G. G., Williams Lake   2nd\nHamilton, Herbert M., Lac la Hache .. 1st\nHamilton, Theodore, 10-Mile House .... 1st\nHamilton, Pete, Williams Lake   2nd\nHamilton, Thomas, Williams Lake   2nd\nHerber, Archie, 150-Mile House  2nd\nHinsche, Fred, Lac la Hache   2nd\nHockley, George, Horsefly  1st\nHole, W. H., Keithley Creek   2nd\nHooker, F. C, Horsefly   1st\nHooker, S. B., Horsefly   1st\nHubbard, I. H., Horsefly   2nd\nJacobson, Alfred, Williams Lake   2nd\nJacobson, John, Williams Lake   2nd\nJefferson, Jesse, Big Lake  2nd\nJefferson, Theodore, Big Lake   2nd\nJenner, Ernest, Horsefly   1st\nJohnson, Floyd, 150-Mile House   2nd\nJones,  Fred, Horesfly   1st\nLicence\nGrade.\n1st\nName and Address of Guide.\nJones, Lawrence, Horsefly \t\nJunek, Adolph, Horsefly   2nd\nKing, E. S., Horsefly   2nd\nMcDougall, Archie, Lac la Hache  2nd\nMcDougall, Robert D., Big Lake   2nd\nMcKenzie, Kenneth, Big Lake   1st\nMcKenzie, William, 150-Mile House .. 2nd\nManley, Douglas V., Horsefly   2nd\nMikkelson, Claus, Horsefly   2nd\nMitchell, Sam, Williams Lake   2nd\nMoore, John, Ochiltree  2nd\nMoore, Thomas, Ochiltree   2nd\nMorgan, D., Likely   1st\nNicol, Alex, Horsefly   2nd\nNicol, Shelly, Horsefly  2nd\nOak, E., Horsefly   2nd\nOtson, Arbor, Horsefly  2nd\nPatton, Henry, Bit? Lake   2nd\nPaxton, Hubert, Macalister   2nd\nPetrowitz, Arthur, Williams Lake   2nd\nPrior, Joe, Hydraulic      2nd\nPulver, George, 150-Mile House   2nd\nPulver, William, G., 150-Mile House _ 2nd\nRacher, Wilfred, Horsefly        2nd\nRankin, Fred R., Soda Creek  2nd\nRobertson, A. H., Macalister   2nd\nRobertson, A. T., Macalister   2nd\nRobertson, Kenneth, Miocene   2nd\nSharp, William, Ochiltree  2nd\nThygeson, Julius, Horsefly   2nd\nVannes, John, Horsefly  1st\nWalters, Glen, Horsefly   1st\nWalters, H. Thomas, Likely   2nd\nWalters, Leonard, Horsefly       2nd\nWalters, R. I., Likely     2nd\nWeber, James L., Big Lake  2nd\nWebster, Alfred, Horsefly  2nd\nWebster, Alister, Horsefly  2nd\nWestwick, Burton, 150-Mile House  2nd\nWestwick, Freddie, 150-Mile House  2nd\nWestwick, Lawrence, 150-Mile House... 2nd\nWiggins, Wiley H., Miocene   2nd\nWilliams, Aubry, Horsefly .   2nd\nWilliams, Rex, Lac La Hache  1st\nWotske, Erbert, Williams Lake  2nd\nWycotte, Jimmy, Williams Lake  2nd\nWynstra, J. W., Horsefly  2nd\nZirul, John, Lac La Hache   2nd REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948.\nX 111\nCariboo District \" C \" (Quesnel-Barkerville from Marguerite North).\nName and Address of Guide.\nLicence\nGrade.\nAllen, George H., Quesnel  1st\nArmstrong, Brazier, Quesnel   1st\nArmstrong, Wilfred, Quesnel   1st\nBaptiste, Eugene G., Castle Rock Asst.\nBecker, Fred W., Wells   1st\nBobb, Edward R., Marguerite  2nd\nBooth, Paton, Quesnel  2nd\nCochran, James Dean, Barkerville  1st\nColdwell, Harry, Punchaw   2nd\nCooper, Thomas Hiram, Quesnel  2nd\nDale, Joseph, Woodpecker  2nd\nDolvin, Edward, Batnuni, Quesnel  1st\nHarrington, Alexander G., Quesnel  1st\nHeaton, William Frank, Buck Ridge ... 2nd\nHoffman, Peter, Cinema   2nd\nHartness, Sigurd, Cinema   2nd\nHunter, Lome C, Quesnel  Asst.\nKnudson, Leonard E., Quesnel  2nd\nLavington, Arthur, Nazko   2nd\nLavington, Harold A., Quesnel  2nd\nMcKenzie, James H., Cinema  2nd\nMcKenzie, Sam, Cinema  Asst.\nLicence\nName and Address of Guide. Grade.\nMcKitrick, Roy Douglas, Wells  2nd\nMcKort, Clarence C, Alexandria  1st\nMcKort, Irvine, Alexandria  Asst.\nMarsh, Ruric L., Quesnel   2nd\nMiller, Isaac, Punchaw   2nd\nMoffat, Ronald, Alexandria   1st\nMonkman, Floyd, Narcosli Creek  2nd\nMorris, Miche, Cinema  2nd\nO'Leary, Art, Quesnel   2nd\nPaley, Bob, Quesnel  Asst.\nQuanstrom, Carl, Quesnel  2nd\nQuanstrom, Harry, Quesnel   2nd\nQuanstrom, Julius, Quesnel   2nd\nRawling, Arden T., Quesnel   2nd\nRowling, Arnold B., Quesnel   2nd\nSimrose, Martin, Cinema   2nd\nSorum, Erick, Cottonwood   2nd\nTibbies, Fred, Quesnel   1st\nTibbies, James, Quesnel  2nd\nTwan, Dave, Marguerite  1st\nWebster, Jim, Narcosli Creek  1st\nWyllie, James, Quesnel  Asst.\nCariboo District \" D \" (Chilcotin District, Cariboo West of Fraser River) .\nLicence\nName and Address of Guide. Grade.\nBlacknose, Chel, Alexis Creek  2nd\nBlatchford, John, Alexis Creek  1st\nBonner, J., Big Creek   2nd\nBoyd, Douglas R., Alexis Creek  2nd\nBristow, James Archie, Hanceville Asst.\nBryant, Alfred Lord, Anahim Lake  1st\nBullion, Sammy, Redstone   2nd\nCheta, Johnny, Hanceville   2nd\nChurch, R. H., Big Creek   1st\nCollier, Eric, Meldrum Creek  2nd\nDester, Baptiste, Kleena Kleene  1st\nDorsey, Lester, Anahim Lake  1st\nElkins, Baptiste, Anahim Lake  2nd\nElkins, Joe, Alexis Creek   2nd\nElkins, Marvin, Alexis Creek  2nd\nElkins, Thomas, Alexis Creek  2nd\nFrank, Scotty, Anahim Lake  2nd\nGeorge, Little, Hanceville   2nd\nGrambush, Donald, Anahim Lake   2nd\nHaller, Joe, Hanceville  2nd\nHance, Grover, Hanceville   1st\nHaynes, Harry K., Tatlayoko Lake\u2014 2nd\nHaynes, K. W. G., Tatlayoko Lake  2nd\nHenderson, John, Tatlayoko Lake  2nd\nHenry, A. C, Big Creek   1st\nHenry, E. L., Tatlayoko Lake  1st\nHugo, Ambrose Mark, Big Creek  2nd\nHutchinson, W., Big Creek  2nd\nJasper, Wesley Norton, Riske Creek  1st\nJohnson, T. William, Riske Creek  1st\nLucas, Ted., Anahim Lake Asst.\nName and Address of Guide.\nLulua, Felix, Redstone ...\nLicence\nGrade.\n2nd\nLulua, Henry, Redstone   2nd\nLulua, Tommy, Redstone   2nd\nMacPherson, A. J., Alexis Creek Asst.\nMacPherson, A. St. Clair, Alexis Creek 2nd\nMackill, Clarence, Kleena Kleene  1st\nMaxted, William, Big Creek   2nd\nMullen, Bernal, Tatla Lake   2nd\nMulvahill, Randolph, Chezacut  1st\nMulvahill, William, Chezacut  2nd\nNickolson, D. R., Tatla Lake  2nd\nPhillips, Dan, Anahim Lake   2nd\nQuilt, Frederick, Hanceville   2nd\nQuilt, Jack, Hanceville   2nd\nQuilt, Louis, Stonei Rancherie  2nd\nRafferty, Arthur Thomas, Riske Creek .Asst.\nRoberts, C. F., Riske Creek   1st\nRoberts, Johnny, Anahim Lake  2nd\nSammy, Danny, Redstone  2nd\nSammy, Eugene, Redstone   2nd\nSmith, Robert, Anahim Lake   2nd\nSquinas, Thomas, Anahim Lake  1st\nStephenson, Donald, Alexis Creek  2nd\nSulin, Willie, Anahim Lake  2nd\nTurner, George, Kleena Kleene  1st\nWier, Donald James, Alexis Creek  1st\nWatt, Bruce, Big Creek Asst.\nWitte, Duane, Big Creek  1st\nWitte, Frank, Big Creek  1st\nWoods, William, Hanceville   1st\nZulin, Fatty, Anahim Lake  2nd\nZulin, Sam, Anahim Lake  2nd X 112\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nKamloops District.\nLicence\nName and Address of Guide. Grade.\nAlbrecht, C. W., Quilchena Asst.\nAllen, Howard, Savona  Asst.\nArchibald, D. A., R.R. 1, Clearwater   2nd\nArchibald, David C, Clearwater Asst.\nAvery, Walter, Savona  Asst.\nBisehoff, Fred, Magna Bay    2nd\nBoule, James E., Savona     2nd\nBoyd, Kenneth, Kamloops Asst.\nBoyko, John, Savona     Asst.\nBradner, Earl M., Chase     2nd\nBrousseau, Clifford, Savona      1st\nBrown, Willard, Clearwater Asst.\nBurdett, George, Savona      1st\nBurdett, Loretta, Savona      1st\nCahoon, Charles, Kamloops     2nd\nCameron, James B., Savona      1st\nCaywood, Phil, Clearwater     2nd\nChristian, Douglas, Savona     2nd\nClearwaters, Dale, Kamloops  Asst.\nClearwaters, Ralph W., Westbridge    2nd\nCochran, William P., Darfield     2nd\nCooper, Norman T., Savona     2nd\nCooper, Philip, Westsyde     1st\nDelisle, George Henry, Louis Creek    2nd\nDever, Dolly, Savona  Asst.\nDexheimer, John, Savona     2nd\nDonald, William J., Savona      1st\nDouthwaite, Peter L. C, McLure     1st\nDunlop, William, Barriere          2nd\nEarl, Thomas H., Louis Creek  Asst.\nEllis, Douglas K., R.R. 1, Kamloops    2nd\nFennell, J. A., Chu Chua    2nd\nGourlay, James R., Barriere     1st\nGenier, Wilfred, Barriere     2nd\nGrant, Charles, McLure     2nd\nGrant, Gordon, McLure      1st\nHagen, Harry 0., Barriere    2nd\nHanson, R. Lee, Salmon Arm      1st\nHelset, Ted, Clearwater    1st\nHenstock, Jack, Savona  Asst.\nHoover, Eldred, McLure     2nd\nHumphrey, Ashton, Knutsford  Asst.\nIrving, Frank H., McLure    2nd\nJohnson, Jack, Savona      1st\nJohnson, Stewart, Criss Creek    2nd\nKing, Edwin I., Westwold    2nd\nKipling, John, McLure     2nd\nLa Fave, John W., R.R. 1, Louis Creek   1st\nLicence\nName and Address of Guide. Grade.\nLa Riviere, James, Squilax     2nd\nLatremouille, Joseph L., Little Fort     1st\nLean, Theodore B., Clearwater    2nd\nLloyd, William, Red Lake __.     2nd\nLoveway, Thomas V., Little Fort    2nd\nLudtke, Charles D., Clearwater    2nd\nLudtke, Laurence, Clearwater     1st\nLyons, George Henry, Brookmere      1st\nMcConnell, Ken, Louis Creek   2nd\nMcDiarmid, G. Garfield, Clearwater     1st\nMaeDougall, Harold D., Darfield Asst.\nMacDougall, Wallace, Darfield  Asst.\nMcGarrigle, William J., Little Fort.....    1st\nMcMaster, Vern, Savona Asst.\nMarriott, Robert, Heffley Lake    2nd\nMiller, Robert G., Blue River     2nd\nMorris, Ian, Red Lake    2nd\nMorton, Alfred, McLure      1st\nMurray, George, Savona      1st\nNelson, Gerald, Blackpine    2nd\nNelson, William L., Savona     2nd\nPalmer, William F., Darfield     2nd\nParis, John D., Barriere     2nd\nParkes, E. J. Vincent, Monte Creek...... Asst.\nPell, Murrill, Pritchard     1st\nPerry, Sam, Kamloops  Asst.\nRainer, Karl, Darfield    2nd\nRansom, Ronald, Kamloops Asst.\nRawson, John, Squilax    2nd\nReaugh, Howard, Savona . ..    2nd\nSchreiber, Charles P., Darfield     2nd\nScott, Duncan, Barriere       1st\nShook, Charles, Clearwater     2nd\nShook, Floyd, Clearwater  Asst.\nSmall, Reg, Clearwater     2nd\nSmith, Allen E., Savona    2nd\nSmith, John H. C, Kamloops Asst.\nSmith, John W., Criss Creek      1st\nThacker, George, Savona  Asst.\nThrelkeld, Harold, Savona    2nd\nThrelkeld, Richard, Savona     2nd\nTurner, Harold, Criss Creek     2nd\nTurner, John, Criss Creek     2nd\nTuson, Clifford, Savona      1st\nVinnie, Alexander, Kamloops    2nd\nWelland, John, Red Lake     2nd\nWilson, Don, Vinsulla         2nd\nWoodward, Ernest A. J., Little Fort...    1st\nSimilkameen-Penticton-Princeton-Keremeos.\nName and Address of Guide.\nArmstrong, Allan Carew, Keremeos\nBillups, Clyde, Oliver\nLicence\nGrade.\n...   2nd\n...  2nd\nClark, Herbert Gerald, Keremeos  1st\nDuncan, Charles, Penticton     2nd\nEdge,   Alvin   Hawthorne,   Okanagan\nFalls ..--   2nd\nFulks, Leonard, Peachland   2nd\nHolding, Richard, Bankier   2nd\nLe Lievre, Lind John, Penticton  1st\nLewis, James William, Princeton  1st\nLicence\nName and Address of Guide. Grade.\nMcDermott, James, Princeton  Asst.\nMcLean, Gordon Archibald, Okanagan\nFalls .....      2nd\nManion, William Bartlett, Tulameen   2nd\nMarsell, Frank, Keremeos Asst.\nRichter, John, Keremeos   ...     1st\nRichter, John Joseph, Keremeos     2nd\nSteve, James, Princeton     2nd\nThomas, John Edward, Okanagan Falls   2nd\nTweddle, Haliburton, Keremeos   2nd REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948.\nX 113\nGrand Forks-Greenwood (including Kettle Valley).\nLicence\nName and Address of Guide. Grade.\nAckerman, Alfred Wm., Westbridge..\u2014 2nd\nAnschetz, Chris, Rock Creek  2nd\nBohnet, James, Rock Creek  2nd\nBradshaw, George A., Westbridge  2nd\nCarey, Bertram, Westbridge  2nd\nCarey, Joe F., Westbridge  2nd\nCochran, Fred M., Westbridge  2nd\nFernstrom, Frederick, Kettle Valley  2nd\nFernstrom, John A., Kettle Valley  2nd\nFrom, Helge C, Westbridge  2nd\nFrom, Ingvall, Westbridge Asst.\nLicence\nName and Address of Guide. Grade.\nFrom, Oliver G., Westbridge  2nd\nHall, D. Elmer, Westbridge  2nd\nLockhart, Fred, Beaverdell  2nd\nLutner, E. C, Beaverdell  2nd\nNoren, Arnold F., Westbridge  2nd\nNoren, Carl F., Westbridge  2nd\nNoren, Carl S., Westbridge  2nd\nNoren, Clarence Wm., Westbridge  2nd\nPeterson, Stanley G., Grand Forks  2nd\nSmith, H. J., Westbridge  2nd\nWolstenholm, Ronald, Westbridge  2nd\nRevelstoke-Salmon Arm and Okanagan District.\nName and Address of Guide.\nLicence\nGrade.\nBecker, Johnnie, Sorrento  2nd\nBubar, Allan Douglas, Mara  2nd\nChurchill, Thomas, Falkland  2nd\nCormack, Alvah, Sugar Lake, Lumby... 2nd\nCormaek, A. R., Lumby  2nd\nDaney, Selden M., Ferguson  1st\nDe Simone, S. H., Revelstoke  1st\nEsswein, Magna Bay  2nd\nGates, E. B., St. Leon, Nakusp  1st\nHanson, Charles E., R.R. 1, Lumby  2nd\nHiren, Oscar, Revelstoke Asst.\nHunter, Joseph W., Ewings Landing.\u2014 2nd\nLaforme, George W., Revelstoke  1st\nLicence\nName and Address of Guide. Grade.\nMobley, Charles William, Tappen     1st\nMcBee, Melvin Francis, Sorrento    2nd\nMcEwen, Harvey, Sicamous Asst.\nMacKenzie, M. M., Lumby    2nd\nMcLellan, Francis B., Sorrento    2nd\nMartin, Pete, Sicamous Asst.\nMelinchuk, Fred, Ewings Landing   2nd\nPotts, Bill, Sorrento    2nd\nRitchie, K. G., 545 Burne, Kelowna Asst.\nSchwartz, G., R.R. 1, Lumby    2nd\nSofting, Berger, Lumby    2nd\nYoung, Archie, Sicamous Asst.\nCassiar (Telegraph Creek-Atlin District).\nName and Address of Guide.\nLicence\nGrade.\nAsp, Phillip Henry, Telegraph Creek.. 2nd\nBob, Johny, Telegraph Creek  2nd\nCampbell, Dick, Telegraph Creek  2nd\nCarlick, Billy Fann, Telegraph Creek.. 2nd\nCarlick, Loudecker, Telegraph Creek  2nd\nClever, Gene Bryan, Bennett  2nd\nDay, Alfred George, Telegraph Creek. 2nd\nDennis, Alex, Telegraph Creek  2nd\nLicence\nName and Address of Guide. Grade.\nDennis, Andy, Telegraph Creek  2nd\nDennis, John Creyke, Telegraph Creek.. 1st\nDennis, Thomas, Telegraph Creek  2nd\nEtzertza, Charlie, Telegraph Creek  2nd\nFrank, Benny, Telegraph Creek  2nd\nLoudecker, Walter, Telegraph Creek  2nd\nNole, Bell, Telegraph Creek  2nd\nWilliams, Stephen, Atlin  2nd\nCoastal Mainland to Prince Rupert.\nLicence\nName and Address of Guide. Grade.\nCorbould, Gordon C, Stuie, Bella Coola   2nd\nGardner, C. Princess Louisa Inlet Asst.\nKing, Wesley Cecil, Hagensborg    2nd\nLawrence, James, Alert Bay    2nd\nMack, Clayton, Bella Coola     1st\nLicence\nName and Address of Guide. Grade.\nMathews, Peggy (Mecham), Bella Coola 2nd\nNygaard, Martin, Bella Coola  2nd\nSkuse, Herb, Ocean Falls  1st\nWright, William C, Hagensborg  2nd\nPrince George District \"A\" (East to Mount Robson).\nLicence\nName and Address of Guide. Grade.\nAnderson, Samuel, Fort McLeod    2nd\nBerghammer, Joseph, Fort Grahame...Asst.\nBergstrom, John, Hansard Asst.\nBricker, William, South Fort George...   2nd\nBrooks, George, South Fort George    2nd\nCannon, Walter L., Sinclair Mills Asst.\nCarr, Stanley Joseph, Tete Jaune     1st\nChesser, Charles Alfred, Mount Robson   2nd\nChingy, Harry, Fort McLeod Asst.\nCorless (Jr.), R. F., Prince George     1st\nCornell, Horace Lome, Prince George..   2nd\nFraser, Gordon W., Prince George    2nd\nGaugh, Allen H., Prince George    2nd\nName and Address of Guide.\nLicence\nGrade.\nGray, Jack, Prince George  2nd\nHansen (Sr.), Anund, Hansard  1st\nHansen, (Jr.), Anund, Hansard Asst.\nHargreaves, Roy F., Mount Robson  1st\nHenry, Gordon K., Prince George  2nd\nHenry, Walter J., Prince George  1st\nHobe, Henry, Hansard  2nd\nHooker, James B., Dome Creek  1st\nJensen, Arne, Dome Creek  2nd\nJensen, Einer W., Dome Creek  2nd\nJensen, Ernest H., Dome Creek  1st\nJohnson, Howard T., South Fort George 2nd\nMcCook, John, Fort Ware Asst. X 114\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nPrince George District \"A\" (East to Mount Robson)\u2014Continued.\nLicence\nName and Address of Guide. Grade.\nMahon, Mike J., Prince George Asst.\nMiller, Dolmer N., Fort Ware     1st\nMiller, Samuel, Fort Ware Asst.\nMills, Marshall, Tete Jaune   2nd\nMintz, Art, Tete Jaune    2nd\nMintz, Carl, Tete Jaune   2nd\nMitchell, John Bruce, Fort McLeod    2nd\nLicence\nName and Address of Guide. Grade.\nMostrom, Geo., Box 321, Prince George 2nd\nPrather, Oliver J., Dome Creek  2nd\nSande, Walter J., Sinclair Mills  1st\nSimmons, Herbert D., Prince George... 2nd\nSmith, James M., Loos  1st\nVan Somer, James R., Prince George... 2nd\nZlotucha, Antoni, Prince George  2nd\nPrince George District \" B \" (West to Terrace).\nLicence\nName and Address of Guide. Grade.\nAnderson, Harry, Houston Asst.\nAslin, Lawrence, Ootsa Lake Asst.\nBeaver, Albert E., Ootsa Lake   2nd\nBennett, Clifford C, Ootsa Lake Asst.\nBennett, Vernon, Southbank .'.   2nd\nBenson, Allen, Hazelton   2nd\nBraaten, Edwin, Southbank    2nd\nBradley, Robert, Telkwa Asst.\nCampbell, Ronald B., Vanderhoof    2nd\nChristie, Ellis D., Southbank Asst.\nClark, James Ely, Cheslatta      1st\nClark, William, Ootsa Lake Asst.\nConlon, Rita, Topley   2nd\nConlon, Rupert, Topley    2nd\nCooke, Ted, Vanderhoof Asst.\nDarby, Linzy E., Isle Pierre Asst.\nDavidson, Charlie B., Vanderhoof     1st\nDonald, Jimmie, Pendleton Bay   2nd\nFoote, Charles H., Fraser Lake Asst.\nGardiner, William C, Smithers    2nd\nGaylord, Roy, Vanderhoof Asst.\nGeorge, Thomas S., Telkwa   2nd\nGilliland, Donald W., Fort St. James ....Asst.\nGrainger, Barrington H., Noralee via\nBurns Lake    2nd\nHagen, N. H., Hazelton Asst.\nHamilton, George E., Fort St. James. .Asst.\nHarding, Clifford R., Fort St. James ....  2nd\nHarrison, Bryan R., Wistaria     1st\nHarrison, Robert Owen, Wistaria    2nd\nHaugen, Karl, Germansen Landing    2nd\nHenry, James H., Fort St. James Asst.\nHenry, Stanley Bion, Ootsa Lake     1st\nHenson, Frank E., Marilla     1st\nHindmarch, Floyd Ellis, Vanderhoof...  2nd\nHipp, Anthony Julius, Terrace Asst.\nHolland, Julian, Telkwa     2nd\nHowlett, Ernest, Southbank Asst.\nHoy, David Henry, Fort St. James Asst.\nJames, Duncan, Fort Babine Asst.\nJames, Sebastian, Fort Babine   2nd\nJimmy, Alexis, Fort St. James Asst.\nJohnson, George Martin, Vanderhoof...Asst.\nJohnson, John K., Fort St. James   2nd\nJohnson, John H., Isle Pierre   2nd\nJohnson, Peter Ivor, Fort St. James .\u2014.Asst.\nKnox, John, Ootsa Lake     1st\nLee, John T., Hazelton   2nd\nLeon, Paddy, Topley Landing    2nd\nLindsay, John Gordon, Vanderhoof Asst.\nLicence\nName and Address of Guide. Grade.\nLord, Samuel V., Tchesinkut Lake Asst.\nLord, Walter H., Tchesinkut Lake    2nd\nLove, W. J., Hazelton Asst.\nMac Alec, John, Fort St. James Asst.\nMcConachie, H. R., Fort St. James Asst.\nMcKenzie, Ben, Hazelton Asst.\nMalgunas, Costo, Mud River    2nd\nMcNeill, Clifford W., Ootsa Lake     1st\nMcNeill, John W., Ootsa Lake     1st\nMathews, William John, Telkwa    2nd\nMichell, Patrick, Fraser Lake    2nd\nMorgan, James Edward, Ootsa Lake ....    1st\nMunger, Roy F. W., Houston    2nd\nNeighbor, Lorraine Z., Ootsa Lake Asst.\nNelson, George Wm., Vanderhoof    2nd\nNelson, John N., Clemretta   2nd\nPease, Clarence A., Nithi River     1st\nPerison, Harold M., Fort St. James Asst.\nPierre, Alec D., Fort St. James Asst.\nPlowman, Clarence, Endako    2nd\nPlowman, Enid Alice, Endako Asst.\nPlowman, William C, Endako Asst.\nPrince, Alex, Fort St. James    2nd\nPrince, Alfred, Fort St. James Asst.\nPrince, Dixon, Fort St. James Asst.\nPrince, John, Fort St. James     1st\nPrince, Teddy, Fort St. James    2nd\nRagsdale, Douglas A., Marilla Asst.\nRasmussen, Peter, Mapes    2nd\nRehill, Manlie, Ootsa Lake   2nd\nReinke, Ernest Edward, Vanderhoof\u2014Asst.\nReinke, Gaylord R., Vanderhoof Asst.\nReynolds, Jack W., Houston    2nd\nRoos, Arthur, Marilla Asst.\nRoumieu, David, Burns Lake Asst.\nSchultz, Albert L., Vanderhoof Asst.\nSeyforth, Joe, Fort St. James    2nd\nShea, James B., Telkwa    1st\nShort, Fay W., Colleymount Asst.\nSmith, George A., Vanderhoof   2nd\nSmith, Harold Craig, Fort St. James....   2nd\nSmith, Richard H., Fort St. James Asst.\nStart, Percival E., Fort St. James Asst.\nTapping, George L., Prince George Asst.\nTompkins, Emery, Telkwa Asst.\nTourond, Peter N., Wistaria Asst.\nVan Tine, Edward, Ootsa Lake     1st\nVan Tine, William, Tatalrose Asst.\nWalker, Thomas A., Fort St. James.     1st\nWiley, Alvin John, Southbank Asst.\nWinsor, William J., Isle Pierre   2nd REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948.\nX 115\nPeace River (including Fort Nelson and Lower Post).\nName and Address of Guide.\nLicence\nGrade.\nLicence\nGrade.\nAnderson, Stewart B., Arras     1st\nApsassin, Daniel, Fort St. James Asst.\nArdill, Thomas A., Farrell Creek Asst.\nArhus, Carl, Fort Nelson Asst.\nArtemenko, William, Fort St. John Asst.\nBaker, Harry H., Fort St. John Asst.\nBeattie, Robert, Gold Bar    2nd\nBeattie, Robert, Hudson Hope Asst.\nBehn, George, Fort Nelson Asst.\nBelcourt,   Adolphus,   Hazelmere  P.O.,\nBig Slough    2nd\nBelcourt,   Clarence,   Mountain   Valley\nP.O., Big Slough Asst.\nBelcourt, Francis, Lymburn P.O., Alta.\n(Kelly Lake, B.C.)  Asst.\nBelcourt, George, Little Prairie Asst.\nBelcourt, George, Lvmburn P.O., Alta.\n(Kelly Lake, B.C.) ....  Asst.\nBelcourt,   Magloire,   Mountain  Valley\nP.O., Big Slough Asst.\nBlakis, George, Arras Asst.\nBrady, Otto, Bear Flat Asst.\nBrown,  Wesley J.,  Mile 175,  Alaska\nHighway  ~    1st\nCalliou, J., Goodfare P.O., Alta. (Kelly\nLake, B.C.)  Asst.\nCalliou, Pete, Little Prairie     1st\nCalliou, Sam, Moberly Lake Asst.\nCallison, Dennis W., Fort Nelson    2nd\nCallison, Elisha 0., Fort Nelson    2nd\nCameron, Patrick, Moberly Lake     1st\nCamnbell, Harry, Goodfare P.O., Alta...Asst.\nChatlar, Alfred, Goodfare P.O., Alta...   2nd\nClovis, Roy, Baldonnel  Asst.\nCottom, Clarence, Hudson Hope Asst.\nCourrenatte,   Alfred,   Lymburn   P.O.,\nAlta.\" (Kelly Lake, B.C.) Asst.\nCourvoisier, Henry, Fort St. John     1st\nCouterille, Fred, Moberly Lake Asst.\nDahl, Joel Olaf, Dawson Creek    2nd\nDavidson, John 0., Lower Post     1st\nDavis, Albert, Moberly Lake Asst.\nDesjarlais, Joseph, Moberly Lake Asst.\nDesjarlais, Louis, Moberly Lake Asst.\nDopp, Bruce David, Bear Flat Asst.\nDhenin, Rene G., Fort St. John     1st\nDopp, Edgar, Fort St. John     1st\nDurney, Laviral, East Pine     1st\nDurney, Milo, East Pine     1st\nEdzerza, George, Lower Post    2nd\nFleet, Delbert, Charlie Lake Asst.\nGarbitt, Theophile, Moberly Lake     1st\nGolata, Francis W., Dawson Creek     1st\nGarbitt, Patrick, Moberly Lake Asst.\nGardiner, Enis, Fort Nelson Asst.\nGauthier, Alexis, Moberly Lake Asst.\nGauthier, Eugene, Mount Valley P.O.,\nAlta.  Asst.\nGauthier, John, Moberly Lake Asst.\nGladu,   Fred,   Lymburn   P.O.,   Alta.\n(Kelly Lake, B.C.)  Asst.\nGladu,   Isidore,   Lymburn   P.O.,   Alta.\n(Kellv Lake, B.C.)  Asst.\nGray, Dave G., Goodfare P.O., Alta.... 2nd\nGroat, A. H., Sunset Prairie Asst.\nName and Address of Guide.\nHambler, Albert, Lymburn P.O., Alta.\n(Kelly Lake, B.C.)  Asst.\nHambler, George, Lymburn P.O., Alta.\n(Kelly Lake, B.C.)     2nd\nHambler,   Joe,   Lymburn   P.O.,   Alta.\n(Kelly Lake, B.C.)     2nd\nHaralson, Lome M., Fort Nelson     2nd\nHarrold, Garnet, Fort Nelson Asst.\nHewitt, Donald A., Mile 232%, Alaska\nHighway, Fort Nelson Asst.\nHogg, William B., Dawson Creek Asst.\nHoule, Joseph, Arras Asst.\nJohnson, Alvin C, Little Prairie Asst.\nKruger, William, Hudson Hope    2nd\nLamont, Alexander, Dawson Creek Asst.\nLa Roche, Robert, Fort Nelson Asst.\nLarson, Albin, Fort Nelson      2nd\nLetendre, Fred, Moberly Lake   ._ Asst.\nLetendre, James, Lymburn P.O., Alta.\n(Kelly Lake, B.C.)  Asst.\nLetendre, Roland, Mt. Valley P.O., Big\nSlough    ...   ...    ...            2nd\nLogan, Eric R., Moberly Lake  . Asst.\nLonghurst, William J., Fort St. John.    1st\nMcGarvey, George, Hudson Hope Asst.\nMcGarvey, Morris M., Taylor Flat     1st\nMcGuire, Colum, Rolla   Asst.\nMacLean, Arthur J., Fort St. John Asst.\nMcLean, William, Little Prairie      1st\nMcRae, Gordon, Dawson Creek     2nd\nMillar, William C, Fort St. John Asst.\nMillar, William E., Fort St. John Asst.\nMole, Tom, Muncho Lake  .       2nd\nNapoleon, Felix, Moberly Lake     2nd\nNeilson, Gordon R., Fort St. John    2nd\nNoskey, Narcisse, Goodfare P.O., Alta.\n(Kelly Lake, B.C.)      1st\nOuderkirk, Keith K., Dawson Creek... Asst.\nPeck, Bruce, Hudson Hope  Asst.\nPeck, Donald R., Fort St. John Asst.\nPeck, 0. Keith, Hudson Hope Asst.\nPeterson, Pete, Muncho Lake    2nd\nPhilpott, William H., Montney Asst.\nPitts, Ray W., Charlie Lake     2nd\nPoquette, Mervin, Moberly Lake Asst.\nPoquette, Morris, Moberly Lake     1st\nPowell, Jack K., Hudson Hope Asst.\nRutledge, Leo, Hudson Hope     1st\nSelsev, Fred J., Fort St. John  Asst.\nSheffield, Callie A., Fort St. John     1st\nSheffield, Garth, Fort St. John Asst.\nSimpson, William H., Fort St. John ...Asst.\nSt. Pierre, J. B., Fort St. John  Asst.\nStubley, Claude E., Dawson Creeek .....Asst.\nSupranent, John, Goodfare P.O., Alta.\n(Kelly Lake, B.C.)  Asst.\nThomas, John, Arras    2nd\nWanandie, Paul, Goodfare P.O., Alta...  2nd\nWatson, Donald H., Bear Flat Asst.\nWatson, James H., Bear Flat Asst.\nWhitford,   Wilfred   James,   Fort   St.\nJohn    Asst.\nWilde, Thomas, North Pine    2nd\nYoung, Andrew, Dawson Creek Asst.\nYoung, Louis, Dawson Creek Asst. X 116\nBRITISH COLUMBIA.\nLower Mainland Coast and Fraser Valley.\nLicence\nName and Address of Guide. Grade.\nHerman,   John,   1364   Eleventh   Ave.\nWest, Vancouver Asst.\nSmith, F. J., Box 171, Hope   2nd\nLicence\nName and Address of Guide. Grade.\nWeisenberger, Joe, Hope     1st\nWells, Roy E., Cultus Lake    1st\nVancouver Island.\nLicence\nName and Address of Guide. Grade.\nAdams, Milton, Brown's Bay, Bloedel.. 2nd\nAlsdorf, William, Campbell River  2nd\nDrummond, Jack, Merville   2nd\nFlesher, Eric Reed, Phillip's Arm  2nd\nGillespie, G. K., Lake Cowichan Asst.\nHancock, Arthur, Lake Cowichan  2nd\nHancock, Joseph A., Lake Cowichan ... 1st\nHopton, F. H., Campbell River  2nd\nHoughton, Lawrence, Nanaimo   2nd\nKindlan, James, 611 Victoria Rd., Victoria   2nd\nLicence\nName and Address of Guide. Grade.\nLarge, Edwin L., Campbell River  2nd\nMarshal, Don, Campbell River  2nd\nMarshall, Duncan, Campbell River  2nd\nPalliser, Charles H., Lake Cowichan  2nd\nPalliser, W., Lake Cowichan   2nd\nParkin, Alvin, Campbell River   2nd\nWelch, Phil, Port Alberni   2nd\nWhitaker,   Gordon,   Upper   Campbell\nLake   2nd\nNon-resident Outfitters.\nBrewster, C. B., Banff, Alberta.\nHarrison, George H., Banff, Alberta.\nMcCullough, Henry, Wembly, Alberta.\nPhillips, Frank A., 1551 St. Andrews, North\nVancouver.\nRay, Jack, Beaverlodge, Alberta.\nRussell, Andy, Twin Butte, Alberta.\nSunderman,  Kelly,  Hythe, Alberta.\nPERSONNEL OF GAME COMMISSION AS AT DECEMBER 31st, 1948.\nAttorney-General (Minister) Hon. Gordon S. Wismer, K.C Victoria.\nGame Commission (members) James G. Cunningham Vancouver.\nFrank R. Butler Vancouver.\nHeadquarters.\n_H. D. Simpson..\nSenior Clerk\t\nSenior Clerk-Stenographer Miss I. Lawson..\nIntermediate Clerk F. R. Lobb\t\n Vancouver.\n Vancouver.\n Vancouver.\nClerk J. McLellan Vancouver.\nSenior Stenographer Miss W. Cooper Vancouver.\nSenior Stenographer Miss J. Smith Vancouver.\nClerk-Stenographer Miss P. Golder Vancouver.\nClerk-Stenographer Miss D. Voldsnes Vancouver.\nClerk-Stenographer  Miss M. Wares Vancouver.\nGame-fish Culture Branch.\n__C. H. Robinson.\n-E. Hunter\t\n.A. Higgs\t\n_R. A. McRae.....\nFishery Supervisor\t\nFishery Officer\t\nFishery Officer\t\nFishery Officer\t\nFishery Officer F. Pells ...\nHatchery Officer A. S. Frisby\t\nHatchery Officer J. C. Inglis\t\nHatchery Officer J. D. S. Inverarity..\nHatchery Officer F. H. Martin\t\nHatchery Officer C. 0. Mellor\t\n Nelson.\n Nelson.\n Summerland.\n...Kaslo.\n Cultus Lake.\n Nelson.\n...Courtenay.\n Courtenay.\n Cultus Lake.\n Cultus Lake.\n\"A\" Division (Vancouver Island and Portions of Lower Mainland).\nInspector G. C. Stevenson Victoria.\nClerk D. Keirs Victoria.\n J. W. Jones Victoria.\n R. W. Sinclair Vi ctoria.\n W. A. R. Lawley Alberni.\nGame Warden\t\nGame Warden\t\nGame Warden\t\nCorporal Game Warden.\nGame Warden..\n.0. Mottishaw..\n..R. S. Hayes..\nGame Warden M. L. Gardiner\t\nGame Warden F. P. Weir\t\nGame Warden F. H. Greenfield..\n.Alert Bay.\n..Campbell River.\n..Courtenay.\n.Duncan.\n.Nanaimo. REPORT OF PROVINCIAL GAME COMMISSION, 1948. X  117\n\" B \" Division (Kootenay and Boundary Districts).\nInspector C. F. Kearns Nelson.\nClerk-Stenographer Mrs. E. H. Edgar Nelson.\nGame Warden R. A. Rutherglen Nelson.\nGame Warden P. D. Ewart Castlegar.\nGame Warden J. W. Bayley Cranbrook.\nGame Warden B. Rauch Cranbrook.\nGame Warden G. A. Lines Creston.\nGame Warden J. J. Osman Fernie.\nGame Warden N. Cameron Golden.\nCorporal Game Warden A. F. Sinclair Grand Forks.\nGame Warden H. Tyler Invermere.\nGame Warden A. Monks Penticton.\nGame Warden A. F. Gill Princeton.\nGame Warden E. D. Cameron Revelstoke.\n\" C \" Division (Kamloops, Yale, Okanagan, and Cariboo Districts).\nInspector R. M. Robertson Kamloops.\nClerk-Stenographer Miss H. Swadling Kamloops.\nGame Warden D. Ellis Kamloops.\nGame Warden R. Farquharson Kamloops.\nGame Warden H. J. Lorance Kamloops.\nGame Warden R. W. C. Tate Kamloops.\nGame Warden W. T. Ward Kamloops.\nGame Warden R. H. Haynes Alexis Creek.\nGame Warden W. I. Fenton Clinton.\nGame Warden W. R. Maxson Kelowna.\nGame Warden R. S. Welsman Lillooet.\nGame Warden E. M. Martin Merritt.\nGame Warden W. J. Hillen Quesnel.\nGame Warden D. Cameron Salmon Arm.\nGame Warden J. P. C. Atwood Vernon.\nGame Warden E. Holmes Wells.\nGame Warden L. Jobin Williams Lake.\n\" D \" Division (Atlin, Skeena, Omineca, Fort George, Peace River,\nand Yukon Boundary Districts).\nInspector W. A. H. Gill : Prince George.\nClerk R. J. Guay Prince George.\nStenographer Miss F. Decker Prince George.\nGame Warden A. J. Jank Prince George.\nGame Warden K. R. Walmsley Prince George.\nGame Warden D. G. H. Stevenson Burns Lake.\nGame Warden J. A. McCabe Fort Nelson.\nGame Warden (Special) B. Villeneuve Fort Nelson.\nGame Warden J. D. Williams Fort St. John.\nGame Warden J. W. Stewart Lower Post.\nGame Warden W. O. Quesnel Pouce Coupe.\nGame Warden L. J. Cox Smithers.\nCorporal Game Warden E. Martin Prince Rupert.\nClerk-Stenographer Miss M. Boulter Prince Runert.\nGame Warden R. O. Anderson Vanderhoof.\n\" E \" Division (Vancouver, Coast, and Lower Fraser Valley Districts) .\nInspector R. E. Allan Vancouver.\nGame Warden R. S.King Vancouver.\nGame Warden L. R. C. Lane Vancouver.\nGame Warden H. D. Mulligan Vancouver.\nGame Warden H.L.Rose Vancouver.\nGame Warden A.J.Butler Chilliwack.\nGame Warden H.P.Hughes Cloverdale.\nGame Warden W.H.Cameron Ladner.\nGame Warden P. M. Cliffe Mission.\nGame Warden   F. Urquhart Port Coquitlam. x 118 british columbia.\nPredatory-animal Hunters.\nChief Predatory-animal Hunter J. Dewar Extension.\nPredatory-animal Hunter A. L. Frost Extension.\nPredatory-animal Hunter A. W. Hames Extension.\nPredatory-animal Hunter K. Moores Extension.\nPredatory-animal Hunter D. H. Denison Fort Fraser.\nPredatory-animal Hunter C. G. Ellis Kamloops.\nPredatory-animal Hunter C. E. Shuttleworth Kamloops.\nPredatory-animal Hunter G. Haskell Nelson.\nVICTORIA,  B.C. :\nPrinted by Don McDiaemid, Printer to the King's Most Excellent Majesty.\n1950.\n1,195-150-5822  ","@language":"en"}],"Genre":[{"@value":"Legislative proceedings","@language":"en"}],"Identifier":[{"@value":"J110.L5 S7","@language":"en"},{"@value":"1950_V02_06_X1_X118","@language":"en"}],"IsShownAt":[{"@value":"10.14288\/1.0340880","@language":"en"}],"Language":[{"@value":"English","@language":"en"}],"Provider":[{"@value":"Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library","@language":"en"}],"Publisher":[{"@value":"Victoria, BC : Government Printer","@language":"en"}],"Rights":[{"@value":"Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia","@language":"en"}],"SortDate":[{"@value":"1950-12-31 AD","@language":"en"},{"@value":"1950-12-31 AD","@language":"en"}],"Source":[{"@value":"Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia","@language":"en"}],"Title":[{"@value":"PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA DEPARTMENT OF ATTORNEY-GENERAL Provincial Game Commission REPORT For the year ended December 31st 1948","@language":"en"}],"Type":[{"@value":"Text","@language":"en"}],"Translation":[{"@value":"","@language":"en"}],"@id":"doi:10.14288\/1.0340880"}