{"@context":{"@language":"en","Affiliation":"http:\/\/vivoweb.org\/ontology\/core#departmentOrSchool","AggregatedSourceRepository":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/dataProvider","Contributor":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/contributor","Creator":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/creator","DateAvailable":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/issued","DateIssued":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/issued","Description":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/description","DigitalResourceOriginalRecord":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/aggregatedCHO","FullText":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2009\/08\/skos-reference\/skos.html#note","Genre":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/hasType","IsShownAt":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/isShownAt","Language":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/language","PeerReviewStatus":"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/terms#peerReviewStatus","Provider":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/provider","Rights":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/rights","RightsURI":"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/terms#rightsURI","ScholarlyLevel":"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/terms#scholarLevel","Title":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/title","Type":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/type","URI":"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/terms#identifierURI","SortDate":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/date"},"Affiliation":[{"@value":"Alumni","@language":"en"}],"AggregatedSourceRepository":[{"@value":"DSpace","@language":"en"}],"Contributor":[{"@value":"Canada. Department of Justice","@language":"en"}],"Creator":[{"@value":"Wilson-Raybould, Jody, 1971-","@language":"en"}],"DateAvailable":[{"@value":"2019-09-20T07:00:00Z","@language":"en"}],"DateIssued":[{"@value":"2016-11-25","@language":"en"}],"Description":[{"@value":"Notes for an address at the 2016 Aboriginal Law Conference, Continuing Legal Education Society of British Columbia, held at the Pan Pacific Hotel, Vancouver, BC, November 25, 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0this\u00a0raises\u00a0and\u00a0hard\u00a0work\u00a0ahead\u00a0to\u00a0operationalize\u00a0it.\u00a0And\u00a0while\u00a0we\u00a0cannot\u00a0know\u00a0exactly\u00a0how\u00a0it\u00a0will\u00a0all\u00a0unfold,\u00a0and\u00a0certainly\u00a0we\u00a0do\u00a0not\u00a0have\u00a0all\u00a0the\u00a0answers\u00a0at\u00a0the\u00a0outset,\u00a0the\u00a0nation\u2010to\u2010nation\u00a0relationship\u00a0will,\u00a0I\u00a0know,\u00a0fundamentally\u00a0transform\u00a0our\u00a0country.\u00a0It\u00a0will\u00a0change\u00a0Canada\u00a0for\u00a0the\u00a0better,\u00a0moving\u00a0into\u00a0a\u00a0post\u2010colonial\u00a0world.\u00a0\u00a0It\u00a0will\u00a0be\u00a0transformative.\u00a0It\u00a0is\u00a0how\u00a0we\u00a0breathe\u00a0life\u00a0into\u00a0Section\u00a035\u00a0and\u00a0actually\u00a0implement\u00a0the\u00a0United\u00a0Nations\u00a0Declaration\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0Rights\u00a0of\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0Peoples.\u00a0Interestingly,\u00a0a\u00a0lot\u00a0of\u00a0commentary\u00a0has\u00a0been\u00a0made\u00a0about\u00a0my\u00a0statements\u00a0earlier\u00a0this\u00a0year\u00a0at\u00a0the\u00a0Assembly\u00a0of\u00a0First\u00a0Nations\u00a0in\u00a0Niagara\u00a0Falls,\u00a0where\u00a0I\u00a0said\u00a0that\u00a0\"simplistic\u00a0approaches\u00a0such\u00a0as\u00a0adopting\u00a0the\u00a0United\u00a0Nations\u00a0Declaration\u00a0as\u00a0being\u00a0Canadian\u00a0law\u00a0are\u00a0unworkable\u00a0and,\u00a0respectfully,\u00a0a\u00a0political\u00a0distraction\u00a0to\u00a0undertaking\u00a0the\u00a0hard\u00a0work\u00a0actually\u00a0required\u00a0to\u00a0implement\u00a0it\u00a0back\u00a0home\u00a0in\u00a0communities.\"\u00a0\u00a0Let\u00a0me\u00a0offer\u00a0a\u00a0few\u00a0reflections\u00a0on\u00a0my\u00a0statement.\u00a0First,\u00a0and\u00a0to\u00a0be\u00a0very\u00a0clear,\u00a0and\u00a0contrary\u00a0to\u00a0what\u00a0might\u00a0have\u00a0been\u00a0posted\u00a0in\u00a0social\u00a0media\u00a0or\u00a0misreported\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0media,\u00a0our\u00a0government\u00a0has\u00a0endorsed\u00a0the\u00a0United\u00a0Speech to Continuing Legal Education Society of British Columbia, 2016 Aboriginal Law Conference, November 25, 2016Nations\u00a0Declaration\u00a0unequivocally.\u00a0What\u00a0I\u00a0was\u00a0saying,\u00a0though,\u00a0is\u00a0that\u00a0you\u00a0cannot\u00a0simply\u00a0incorporate\u00a0the\u00a0UNDRIP\u00a0word\u00a0for\u00a0word\u00a0into\u00a0federal\u00a0statute.\u00a0Unfortunately,\u00a0this\u00a0has\u00a0become\u00a0politicized.\u00a0The\u00a0critical\u00a0work\u00a0of\u00a0reconciliation,\u00a0of\u00a0which\u00a0implementing\u00a0the\u00a0United\u00a0Nations\u00a0Declaration\u00a0is\u00a0a\u00a0central\u00a0part,\u00a0must\u00a0be\u00a0above\u00a0the\u00a0daily\u00a0push\u2010and\u2010pull\u00a0of\u00a0political\u00a0choices,\u00a0discourse\u00a0and\u00a0expediency.\u00a0\u00a0True\u00a0reconciliation\u00a0has\u00a0to\u00a0be\u00a0above\u00a0politics,\u00a0or\u00a0rather,\u00a0it\u00a0has\u00a0to\u00a0be\u00a0about\u00a0a\u00a0different\u00a0order\u00a0of\u00a0politics,\u00a0an\u00a0order\u00a0of\u00a0politics\u00a0that\u00a0is\u00a0dignified\u00a0and\u00a0that\u00a0commits\u00a0us\u00a0all\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0and\u00a0non\u2010Indigenous\u00a0Canadians\u00a0alike\u00a0\u2013\u00a0to\u00a0chart\u00a0a\u00a0future\u00a0together,\u00a0to\u00a0be\u00a0reconciled\u00a0together,\u00a0to\u00a0make\u00a0Canada\u00a0whole\u00a0together.\u00a0This\u00a0is\u00a0because\u00a0reconciliation\u00a0demands\u00a0so\u00a0much\u00a0of\u00a0all\u00a0of\u00a0us\u00a0\u2013\u00a0the\u00a0Crown,\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0governments\u00a0and\u00a0civil\u00a0society.\u00a0\u00a0Reconciliation\u00a0requires\u00a0putting\u00a0colonialism\u00a0into\u00a0the\u00a0past,\u00a0including\u00a0beyond\u00a0the\u00a0Indian\u00a0Act.\u00a0It\u00a0demands\u00a0rebuilding\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0government\u00a0and\u00a0communities\u00a0and\u00a0in\u00a0closing\u00a0the\u00a0socio\u2010cultural\u00a0gap\u00a0between\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0and\u00a0non\u2010Indigenous\u00a0peoples.\u00a0It\u00a0involves\u00a0recognizing\u00a0the\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0relationship\u00a0with\u00a0the\u00a0land,\u00a0respecting\u00a0treaties,\u00a0Aboriginal\u00a0title\u00a0and\u00a0rights\u00a0and\u00a0building\u00a0new\u00a0structures\u00a0and\u00a0making\u00a0decisions\u00a0in\u00a0new\u00a0ways.\u00a0It\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0politics\u00a0of\u00a0nation\u00a0building.\u00a0\u00a0In\u00a0other\u00a0words,\u00a0reconciliation\u00a0involves\u00a0fundamental\u00a0changes\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0ways\u00a0of\u00a0talking,\u00a0acting\u00a0and\u00a0relating\u00a0that\u00a0we\u00a0all\u00a0have\u00a0to\u00a0be\u00a0a\u00a0part\u00a0of\u00a0\u2013\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0and\u00a0non\u2010Indigenous\u00a0\u2013\u00a0for\u00a0many\u00a0generations,\u00a0and\u00a0transforming\u00a0laws,\u00a0policies,\u00a0structures\u00a0and\u00a0processes\u00a0that\u00a0we\u00a0have\u00a0taken\u00a0for\u00a0granted\u00a0for\u00a0too\u00a0long.\u00a0We\u00a0must\u00a0all\u00a0be\u00a0nation\u00a0builders.\u00a0There\u00a0is\u00a0no\u00a0single\u00a0piece\u00a0of\u00a0legislation\u00a0that\u00a0can\u00a0accomplish\u00a0this.\u00a0\u00a0While\u00a0new\u00a0and\u00a0changed\u00a0legislation\u00a0will\u00a0be\u00a0required\u00a0and\u00a0will\u00a0take\u00a0place,\u00a0we\u00a0need\u00a0that\u00a0and\u00a0far\u00a0more.\u00a0Implementing\u00a0the\u00a0United\u00a0Nations\u00a0Declaration\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0Rights\u00a0of\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0Peoples\u00a0will\u00a0require\u00a0an\u00a0interlocking\u00a0set\u00a0of\u00a0new\u00a0laws,\u00a0policies,\u00a0institutions,\u00a0structures\u00a0and\u00a0patterns\u00a0of\u00a0relations.\u00a0We\u00a0must\u00a0pursue\u00a0those\u00a0changes\u00a0comprehensively.\u00a0We\u00a0cannot\u00a0afford\u00a0to\u00a0invest\u00a0our\u00a0focus,\u00a0time\u00a0and\u00a0energy\u00a0on\u00a0one\u00a0initiative\u00a0or\u00a0approach\u00a0which\u00a0only\u00a0meets\u00a0a\u00a0small\u00a0part\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0challenge,\u00a0or\u00a0gives\u00a0a\u00a0false\u00a0sense\u00a0of\u00a0comfort\u00a0that,\u00a0really,\u00a0change\u00a0has\u00a0occurred.\u00a0\u00a0For\u00a0too\u00a0long,\u00a0small\u00a0steps\u00a0and\u00a0initiatives\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0path\u00a0of\u00a0reconciliation\u00a0have\u00a0been\u00a0misrepresented\u00a0as\u00a0major\u00a0shifts.\u00a0Now\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0time,\u00a0working\u00a0collaboratively\u00a0with\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0peoples,\u00a0to\u00a0deliberately\u00a0and\u00a0systematically\u00a0design\u00a0and\u00a0implement\u00a0the\u00a0major\u00a0changes\u00a0that\u00a0are\u00a0needed\u00a0to\u00a0be\u00a0transformative.\u00a0Recognition\u00a0and\u00a0building\u00a0the\u00a0nation\u2010to\u2010nation\u00a0relationship\u00a0will\u00a0do\u00a0this.\u00a0\u00a0Lastly,\u00a0it\u00a0is\u00a0important\u00a0that\u00a0we\u00a0always\u00a0keep\u00a0in\u00a0mind\u00a0the\u00a0relationship\u00a0between\u00a0the\u00a0United\u00a0Nations\u00a0Declaration\u00a0and\u00a0Section\u00a035\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0Canadian\u00a0Constitution.\u00a0Section\u00a035,\u00a0when\u00a0it\u00a0was\u00a0adopted,\u00a0was\u00a0intended\u00a0to\u00a0complete\u00a0the\u00a0critical\u00a0unfinished\u00a0promise\u00a0of\u00a0achieving\u00a0reconciliation\u00a0between\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0peoples\u00a0and\u00a0the\u00a0Crown.\u00a0For\u00a0that\u00a0reason,\u00a0political\u00a0conferences\u00a0and\u00a0work\u00a0was\u00a0to\u00a0be\u00a0done\u00a0following\u00a0the\u00a0adoption\u00a0of\u00a0Section\u00a035\u00a0to\u00a0achieve\u00a0that\u00a0goal.\u00a0That\u00a0work\u00a0did\u00a0not\u00a0unfold\u00a0as\u00a0intended.\u00a0\u00a0As\u00a0a\u00a0result,\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0peoples\u00a0had\u00a0to\u00a0continue\u00a0the\u00a0long,\u00a0expensive\u00a0and\u00a0arduous\u00a0path\u00a0of\u00a0using\u00a0the\u00a0courts\u00a0to\u00a0define\u00a0how\u00a0Section\u00a035\u00a0will\u00a0achieve\u00a0reconciliation.\u00a0That\u00a0work\u00a0of\u00a0defining\u00a0the\u00a0path\u00a0of\u00a0reconciliation\u00a0through\u00a0Section\u00a035\u00a0is\u00a0ongoing.\u00a0The\u00a0United\u00a0Nations\u00a0Declaration\u00a0now\u00a0accelerates\u00a0and\u00a0provides\u00a0a\u00a0framework\u00a0for\u00a0this\u00a0work,\u00a0by\u00a0working\u00a0together\u00a0at\u00a0the\u00a0political\u00a0and\u00a0community\u00a0levels\u00a0to\u00a0implement\u00a0it.\u00a0\u00a0We\u00a0are\u00a0fulfilling\u00a0the\u00a0intention\u00a0and\u00a0the\u00a0promise\u00a0of\u00a0Section\u00a035,\u00a0while\u00a0ensuring\u00a0we\u00a0are\u00a0upholding\u00a0the\u00a0minimum\u00a0standards\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0declaration\u00a0and\u00a0the\u00a0fundamental\u00a0human\u00a0rights\u00a0of\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0peoples.\u00a0Central\u00a0to\u00a0the\u00a0work\u00a0of\u00a0reconciliation\u00a0is\u00a0moving\u00a0from\u00a0conflict\u00a0to\u00a0collaboration\u00a0and\u00a0considering\u00a0how\u00a0we\u00a0can\u00a0Speech to Continuing Legal Education Society of British Columbia, 2016 Aboriginal Law Conference, November 25, 2016structure\u00a0our\u00a0legal\u00a0processes\u00a0to\u00a0better\u00a0serve\u00a0this\u00a0ultimate\u00a0goal.\u00a0This\u00a0requires\u00a0grappling\u00a0with\u00a0how\u00a0we\u00a0play\u00a0our\u00a0roles\u00a0as\u00a0lawyers\u00a0when\u00a0and\u00a0how\u00a0we\u00a0choose\u00a0to\u00a0use\u00a0the\u00a0courts,\u00a0and\u00a0what\u00a0we\u00a0do\u00a0and\u00a0say\u00a0when\u00a0we\u00a0get\u00a0there.\u00a0\u00a0As\u00a0lawyers,\u00a0we\u00a0need\u00a0to\u00a0consider\u00a0this\u00a0question\u00a0from\u00a0the\u00a0perspective\u00a0of\u00a0what\u00a0are\u00a0the\u00a0objectives\u00a0of\u00a0our\u00a0clients\u00a0and\u00a0interpreting\u00a0the\u00a0instructions\u00a0from\u00a0them,\u00a0and\u00a0providing\u00a0advice.\u00a0Recognition\u00a0of\u00a0rights\u00a0has\u00a0never\u00a0been\u00a0the\u00a0end\u00a0objective\u00a0in\u00a0itself\u00a0for\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0peoples,\u00a0I\u00a0would\u00a0submit.\u00a0The\u00a0end\u00a0objective\u00a0has\u00a0always\u00a0been\u00a0to\u00a0ultimately\u00a0improve\u00a0the\u00a0lives\u00a0of\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0peoples,\u00a0translating\u00a0rights\u00a0into\u00a0actual\u00a0practical\u00a0benefits,\u00a0ensuring\u00a0that\u00a0they\u00a0are\u00a0operationalized\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0ground\u00a0in\u00a0communities.\u00a0\u00a0Fifty\u00a0years\u00a0ago,\u00a0when\u00a0there\u00a0was\u00a0limited\u00a0or\u00a0no\u00a0recognition\u00a0of\u00a0Aboriginal\u00a0title\u00a0and\u00a0rights,\u00a0the\u00a0advice\u00a0of\u00a0lawyers\u00a0working\u00a0for\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0clients\u00a0was\u00a0simple:\u00a0make\u00a0a\u00a0claim\u00a0for\u00a0the\u00a0land,\u00a0resources\u00a0and\u00a0governance\u00a0based\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0fact\u00a0that\u00a0no\u00a0treaty\u00a0had\u00a0been\u00a0entered\u00a0into\u00a0and\u00a0that\u00a0nation's\u00a0land\u00a0had\u00a0not\u00a0been\u00a0ceded\u00a0to\u00a0the\u00a0Crown.\u00a0Central\u00a0to\u00a0the\u00a0work\u00a0of\u00a0reconciliation\u00a0is\u00a0moving\u00a0from\u00a0conflict\u00a0to\u00a0collaboration,\u00a0and\u00a0considering\u00a0how\u00a0we\u00a0can\u00a0structure\u00a0our\u00a0legal\u00a0processes\u00a0to\u00a0better\u00a0serve\u00a0this\u00a0ultimate\u00a0goal.\u00a0\u00a0This\u00a0requires\u00a0grappling\u00a0with\u00a0how\u00a0we\u00a0play\u00a0our\u00a0role\u00a0as\u00a0lawyers,\u00a0when\u00a0and\u00a0how\u00a0we\u00a0choose\u00a0to\u00a0go\u00a0to\u00a0court,\u00a0and\u00a0what\u00a0we\u00a0do\u00a0and\u00a0say\u00a0when\u00a0we\u00a0get\u00a0there,\u00a0as\u00a0I\u00a0said\u00a0before.\u00a0As\u00a0lawyers,\u00a0of\u00a0course,\u00a0we\u00a0have\u00a0responsibilities\u00a0to\u00a0faithfully\u00a0and\u00a0diligently\u00a0serve\u00a0our\u00a0clients,\u00a0but\u00a0when\u00a0working\u00a0in\u00a0Aboriginal\u00a0law\u00a0the\u00a0Crown\u00a0context,\u00a0this\u00a0service\u00a0can\u00a0be\u00a0rendered\u00a0in\u00a0different\u00a0ways\u00a0that\u00a0advance\u00a0or\u00a0hinder\u00a0the\u00a0work\u00a0of\u00a0reconciliation,\u00a0both\u00a0in\u00a0that\u00a0specific\u00a0set\u00a0of\u00a0relationships\u00a0and\u00a0more\u00a0broadly\u00a0in\u00a0society\u00a0as\u00a0a\u00a0whole.\u00a0For\u00a0far\u00a0too\u00a0long,\u00a0the\u00a0federal\u00a0government\u00a0has\u00a0taken\u00a0positions\u00a0in\u00a0court\u00a0that\u00a0have\u00a0not\u00a0been\u00a0aligned\u00a0with\u00a0reconciliation.\u00a0\u00a0These\u00a0positions\u00a0at\u00a0various\u00a0times\u00a0and\u00a0in\u00a0various\u00a0ways\u00a0have\u00a0been\u00a0rooted\u00a0in\u00a0notions\u00a0that\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0peoples\u00a0were\u00a0uncivilized,\u00a0disorganized,\u00a0without\u00a0laws\u00a0and\u00a0governments,\u00a0and\u00a0in\u00a0some\u00a0instances,\u00a0did\u00a0not\u00a0even\u00a0exist\u00a0as\u00a0distinct\u00a0peoples.\u00a0In\u00a0a\u00a0word,\u00a0it\u00a0was\u00a0all\u00a0about\u00a0denial.\u00a0One\u00a0thing\u00a0we\u00a0are\u00a0now\u00a0doing\u00a0in\u00a0my\u00a0department\u00a0is\u00a0to\u00a0begin\u00a0applying\u00a0the\u00a0lens\u00a0of\u00a0reconciliation\u00a0to\u00a0all\u00a0positions\u00a0we\u00a0take,\u00a0and\u00a0that\u00a0the\u00a0choices\u00a0we\u00a0make\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0road\u00a0to\u00a0and\u00a0within\u00a0litigation.\u00a0\u00a0This\u00a0is\u00a0why\u00a0we\u00a0are\u00a0beginning\u00a0to\u00a0find\u00a0ways\u00a0to\u00a0recognize\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0peoples\u00a0and\u00a0Aboriginal\u00a0and\u00a0treaty\u00a0rights,\u00a0including\u00a0title,\u00a0create\u00a0new\u00a0space\u00a0for\u00a0solutions\u00a0to\u00a0be\u00a0found\u00a0in\u00a0how\u00a0we\u00a0interpret\u00a0the\u00a0law,\u00a0present\u00a0the\u00a0facts\u00a0or\u00a0frame\u00a0the\u00a0issues,\u00a0and\u00a0in\u00a0some\u00a0instances,\u00a0seek\u00a0to\u00a0move\u00a0matters\u00a0altogether.\u00a0And\u00a0this\u00a0is\u00a0not\u00a0easy.\u00a0It\u00a0takes\u00a0time\u00a0and\u00a0much\u00a0more\u00a0needs\u00a0to\u00a0be\u00a0done.\u00a0But\u00a0the\u00a0work\u00a0has\u00a0begun\u00a0and\u00a0some\u00a0significant\u00a0changes\u00a0have\u00a0already\u00a0been\u00a0seen.\u00a0\u00a0The\u00a0Aboriginal\u00a0Bar\u00a0also\u00a0has\u00a0an\u00a0important\u00a0role\u00a0to\u00a0play\u00a0in\u00a0moving\u00a0reconciliation\u00a0forward.\u00a0As\u00a0more\u00a0space\u00a0emerges\u00a0to\u00a0find\u00a0constructive\u00a0solutions\u00a0and\u00a0ways\u00a0forward\u00a0that\u00a0may\u00a0move\u00a0us\u00a0out\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0courts,\u00a0the\u00a0Aboriginal\u00a0Bar\u00a0has\u00a0to\u00a0creatively\u00a0take\u00a0advantage\u00a0and\u00a0use\u00a0that\u00a0space.\u00a0Similarly,\u00a0just\u00a0as\u00a0we\u00a0are\u00a0seeking\u00a0to\u00a0do\u00a0in\u00a0my\u00a0department,\u00a0in\u00a0situations\u00a0where\u00a0we\u00a0do\u00a0end\u00a0up\u00a0in\u00a0court,\u00a0members\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0Aboriginal\u00a0Bar\u00a0may\u00a0also\u00a0consider\u00a0how\u00a0to\u00a0frame\u00a0the\u00a0issues\u00a0and\u00a0positions\u00a0in\u00a0disputes\u00a0in\u00a0ways\u00a0that\u00a0focus\u00a0all\u00a0of\u00a0us\u00a0and\u00a0the\u00a0court\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0core\u00a0issues\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0dispute\u00a0and\u00a0make\u00a0the\u00a0proceedings\u00a0more\u00a0effective\u00a0for\u00a0everyone\u00a0involved.\u00a0\u00a0Beyond\u00a0this,\u00a0we\u00a0all\u00a0need\u00a0to\u00a0grapple\u00a0more\u00a0with\u00a0the\u00a0question\u00a0of\u00a0how.\u00a0For\u00a0example,\u00a0we\u00a0can\u00a0all\u00a0agree\u00a0that\u00a0recognition\u00a0is\u00a0fundamental\u00a0to\u00a0reconciliation.\u00a0What\u00a0we\u00a0need\u00a0to\u00a0spend\u00a0more\u00a0time\u00a0considering\u00a0is\u00a0how\u00a0recognition\u00a0is\u00a0translated\u00a0and\u00a0implemented\u00a0into\u00a0tangible\u00a0and\u00a0real\u00a0ways\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0ground\u00a0between\u00a0governments,\u00a0in\u00a0communities\u00a0and\u00a0across\u00a0Canada.\u00a0\u00a0Speech to Continuing Legal Education Society of British Columbia, 2016 Aboriginal Law Conference, November 25, 2016For\u00a0those\u00a0of\u00a0you\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0Aboriginal\u00a0Bar,\u00a0what\u00a0does\u00a0recognition\u00a0look\u00a0like\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0relationship\u00a0between\u00a0the\u00a0Crown\u00a0and\u00a0the\u00a0nations\u00a0you\u00a0represent?\u00a0What\u00a0does\u00a0it\u00a0mean\u00a0for\u00a0how\u00a0decisions\u00a0are\u00a0made?\u00a0For\u00a0the\u00a0structures\u00a0we\u00a0have,\u00a0for\u00a0the\u00a0ways\u00a0in\u00a0which\u00a0the\u00a0nations'\u00a0government\u00a0and\u00a0the\u00a0federal\u00a0government\u00a0are\u00a0structured,\u00a0operating\u00a0and\u00a0interacting,\u00a0for\u00a0the\u00a0economic\u00a0relationship\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0nation\u00a0and\u00a0all\u00a0Canadians\u00a0to\u00a0resources\u00a0of\u00a0territory.\u00a0And\u00a0are\u00a0you\u00a0in\u00a0fact\u00a0representing\u00a0a\u00a0nation\u00a0as\u00a0contemplated\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0nation\u2010to\u2010nation\u00a0relationship\u00a0that\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0proper\u00a0title\u00a0and\u00a0rights\u00a0holder?\u00a0\u00a0It's\u00a0important\u00a0to\u00a0always\u00a0advance\u00a0principled\u00a0legal\u00a0positions.\u00a0We\u00a0now\u00a0need\u00a0to\u00a0be\u00a0ready\u00a0to\u00a0articulate\u00a0in\u00a0real\u00a0ways\u00a0what\u00a0the\u00a0application\u00a0of\u00a0those\u00a0principles\u00a0will\u00a0look\u00a0like\u00a0so\u00a0we\u00a0can\u00a0work\u00a0together\u00a0to\u00a0move\u00a0from\u00a0extract\u00a0frameworks\u00a0for\u00a0reconciliation\u00a0to\u00a0real\u00a0action.\u00a0This\u00a0is\u00a0a\u00a0responsibility\u00a0we\u00a0all\u00a0share\u00a0as\u00a0lawyers\u00a0working\u00a0in\u00a0this\u00a0context.\u00a0And\u00a0it\u00a0is\u00a0in\u00a0this\u00a0regard\u00a0and\u00a0now\u00a0speaking\u00a0certainly\u00a0as\u00a0the\u00a0Minister\u00a0of\u00a0Justice,\u00a0that\u00a0I\u00a0see\u00a0my\u00a0central\u00a0role.\u00a0And\u00a0not\u00a0just\u00a0ensuring\u00a0that\u00a0the\u00a0Crown's\u00a0positions\u00a0in\u00a0court\u00a0are\u00a0principled,\u00a0but\u00a0that\u00a0our\u00a0country's\u00a0laws\u00a0and\u00a0policies\u00a0actually\u00a0change\u00a0based\u00a0on\u00a0recognition\u00a0to\u00a0support\u00a0the\u00a0real\u00a0action\u00a0of\u00a0reconciliation.\u00a0\u00a0And\u00a0there\u00a0are\u00a0numerous\u00a0laws\u00a0and\u00a0policies\u00a0that\u00a0need\u00a0to\u00a0change\u00a0and\u00a0new\u00a0ones\u00a0to\u00a0be\u00a0developed.\u00a0Legal\u00a0and\u00a0political\u00a0reconciliation\u00a0in\u00a0furtherance\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0nation\u2010to\u2010nation\u00a0relationship\u00a0is\u00a0a\u00a0national\u00a0project\u00a0that\u00a0requires\u00a0significant\u00a0coordination\u00a0and\u00a0commitment\u00a0at\u00a0the\u00a0highest\u00a0level\u00a0of\u00a0government.\u00a0For\u00a0all\u00a0of\u00a0us\u00a0at\u00a0the\u00a0highest\u00a0level,\u00a0the\u00a0United\u00a0Nations\u00a0Declaration\u00a0provides\u00a0the\u00a0framework\u00a0for\u00a0reconciliation,\u00a0setting\u00a0minimum\u00a0standards\u00a0and\u00a0is\u00a0instructive\u00a0on\u00a0how\u00a0we\u00a0develop\u00a0our\u00a0own\u00a0made\u2010in\u2010Canada\u00a0framework\u00a0for\u00a0reconciliation,\u00a0reflecting\u00a0our\u00a0history\u00a0and\u00a0our\u00a0unique\u00a0legal\u00a0and\u00a0constitutional\u00a0framework.\u00a0\u00a0Above\u00a0all\u00a0else,\u00a0this\u00a0framework\u00a0for\u00a0reconciliation\u00a0must\u00a0be\u00a0grounded\u00a0in\u00a0a\u00a0commitment\u00a0to\u00a0principles.\u00a0Those\u00a0principles\u00a0should\u00a0not\u00a0only\u00a0be\u00a0grounded\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0law,\u00a0but\u00a0should\u00a0also\u00a0demonstrate\u00a0a\u00a0commitment\u00a0to\u00a0go\u00a0beyond\u00a0existing\u00a0legal\u00a0obligations\u00a0and\u00a0to\u00a0strengthen\u00a0the\u00a0nation\u2010to\u2010nation\u00a0relationship.\u00a0Transformative\u00a0change\u00a0must\u00a0comply\u00a0with\u00a0the\u00a0Crown's\u00a0constitutional\u00a0obligations\u00a0but\u00a0it\u00a0must\u00a0go\u00a0beyond\u00a0them.\u00a0\u00a0Transformative\u00a0change\u00a0requires\u00a0the\u00a0government\u00a0to\u00a0demonstrate\u00a0leadership\u00a0under\u00a0Section\u00a035\u00a0so\u00a0that\u00a0the\u00a0Crown,\u00a0and\u00a0not\u00a0only\u00a0the\u00a0courts,\u00a0are\u00a0seen\u00a0to\u00a0be\u00a0leaders\u00a0in\u00a0realizing\u00a0reconciliation.\u00a0For\u00a0example,\u00a0a\u00a0strong\u00a0commitment\u00a0to\u00a0a\u00a0renewed\u00a0nation\u2010to\u2010nation\u00a0relationship\u00a0between\u00a0the\u00a0government\u00a0and\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0peoples\u00a0requires\u00a0a\u00a0principled\u00a0approach\u00a0based\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0recognition\u00a0and\u00a0implementation\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0inherent\u00a0rights\u00a0of\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0peoples.\u00a0It\u00a0should\u00a0be\u00a0acknowledged\u00a0that,\u00a0it\u00a0should\u00a0also\u00a0acknowledge\u00a0the\u00a0centrality\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0honour\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0Crown\u00a0in\u00a0all\u00a0processes.\u00a0\u00a0It\u00a0should\u00a0understand\u00a0treaties\u00a0and\u00a0agreements\u00a0and\u00a0other\u00a0constructive\u00a0arrangements\u00a0between\u00a0the\u00a0Crown\u00a0and\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0peoples\u00a0are\u00a0acts\u00a0of\u00a0reconciliation\u00a0based\u00a0on\u00a0mutual\u00a0recognition\u00a0and\u00a0respect,\u00a0and\u00a0that\u00a0mechanisms\u00a0for\u00a0reconciliation\u00a0must\u00a0be\u00a0developed\u00a0in\u00a0partnership\u00a0with\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0peoples.\u00a0These\u00a0are\u00a0all\u00a0key\u00a0principles\u00a0that\u00a0need\u00a0to\u00a0guide\u00a0Crown\u00a0action.\u00a0\u00a0With\u00a0respect\u00a0to\u00a0specific\u00a0mechanisms\u00a0to\u00a0be\u00a0developed\u00a0to\u00a0facilitate\u00a0the\u00a0renewed\u00a0nation\u2010to\u2010nation\u00a0relationship,\u00a0there\u00a0are\u00a0currently\u00a0no\u00a0simple\u00a0mechanisms\u00a0for\u00a0recognition\u00a0in\u00a0Canada\u00a0that\u00a0support\u00a0the\u00a0transition\u00a0away\u00a0from\u00a0the\u00a0colonial\u2010imposed\u00a0systems\u00a0of\u00a0administration\u00a0\u2013\u00a0for\u00a0example,\u00a0the\u00a0Indian\u00a0Act\u00a0\u2013\u00a0when\u00a0a\u00a0nation\u00a0is\u00a0ready,\u00a0willing\u00a0and\u00a0able\u00a0to\u00a0be\u00a0self\u2010governing.\u00a0\u00a0The\u00a0reconciliation\u00a0processes\u00a0that\u00a0do\u00a0exist\u00a0and\u00a0that\u00a0may\u00a0eventually\u00a0lead\u00a0to\u00a0political\u00a0or\u00a0legal\u00a0recognition\u00a0\u2013\u00a0for\u00a0example,\u00a0the\u00a0modern\u00a0treaty\u2010making\u00a0process\u00a0\u2013\u00a0are\u00a0contingent\u00a0in\u00a0that\u00a0they\u00a0require\u00a0an\u00a0agreement\u00a0with\u00a0the\u00a0Crown\u00a0for\u00a0recognition,\u00a0which\u00a0one\u00a0must\u00a0assume\u00a0has\u00a0driven\u00a0some\u00a0groups\u00a0to\u00a0court.\u00a0By\u00a0some\u00a0accounts,\u00a0at\u00a0the\u00a0current\u00a0pace,\u00a0using\u00a0existing\u00a0mechanisms\u00a0for\u00a0political\u00a0and\u00a0legal\u00a0recognition\u00a0to\u00a0support\u00a0nation\u00a0Speech to Continuing Legal Education Society of British Columbia, 2016 Aboriginal Law Conference, November 25, 2016rebuilding\u00a0\u2013\u00a0including\u00a0reconciling\u00a0Crown\u00a0and\u00a0Aboriginal\u00a0title\u00a0\u2013\u00a0it\u00a0would\u00a0take\u00a0generations\u00a0for\u00a0all\u00a0nations\u00a0to\u00a0move\u00a0through\u00a0what\u00a0I\u00a0like\u00a0to\u00a0call\u00a0the\u00a0post\u2010colonial\u00a0door.\u00a0\u00a0This\u00a0is\u00a0obviously\u00a0not\u00a0acceptable\u00a0and\u00a0clearly\u00a0demands\u00a0a\u00a0need\u00a0for\u00a0a\u00a0more\u00a0concerted\u00a0effort\u00a0by\u00a0government\u00a0with\u00a0new\u00a0legislative\u00a0tools\u00a0and\u00a0other\u00a0mechanisms\u00a0to\u00a0support\u00a0transition\u00a0to\u00a0support\u00a0nation\u00a0rebuilding.\u00a0This\u00a0is\u00a0something\u00a0our\u00a0government\u00a0is\u00a0committed\u00a0to\u00a0developing\u00a0in\u00a0partnership\u00a0with\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0peoples.\u00a0And\u00a0I\u00a0cannot\u00a0stress\u00a0this\u00a0enough.\u00a0As\u00a0we\u00a0proceed,\u00a0based\u00a0on\u00a0recognition,\u00a0it\u00a0is\u00a0absolutely\u00a0imperative\u00a0that\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0groups\u00a0propose\u00a0solutions\u00a0as\u00a0to\u00a0how\u00a0to\u00a0manage\u00a0the\u00a0transition\u00a0from\u00a0the\u00a0imposed\u00a0systems\u00a0of\u00a0government\u00a0and\u00a0administration.\u00a0\u00a0As\u00a0a\u00a0government,\u00a0we\u00a0are\u00a0not\u00a0going\u00a0to\u00a0impose\u00a0solutions.\u00a0And\u00a0while\u00a0I'm\u00a0aware\u00a0of\u00a0solutions\u00a0that\u00a0are\u00a0already\u00a0working,\u00a0but\u00a0where\u00a0mandates\u00a0need\u00a0to\u00a0change\u00a0and\u00a0processes\u00a0tweaked,\u00a0I\u00a0am\u00a0aware\u00a0of\u00a0others\u00a0that\u00a0have\u00a0been\u00a0proposed\u00a0over\u00a0the\u00a0years,\u00a0but\u00a0never\u00a0acted\u00a0upon,\u00a0such\u00a0as\u00a0recognition\u00a0legislation\u00a0or\u00a0the\u00a0establishment\u00a0of\u00a0specialized\u00a0dispute\u00a0resolution\u00a0bodies.\u00a0\u00a0I\u00a0know\u00a0that\u00a0there\u00a0are\u00a0other\u00a0solutions\u00a0and\u00a0ideas\u00a0out\u00a0there.\u00a0For\u00a0example,\u00a0I\u00a0know\u00a0some\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0groups\u00a0are\u00a0looking\u00a0to\u00a0work\u00a0together\u00a0to\u00a0advance\u00a0the\u00a0development\u00a0of\u00a0new\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0institutions\u00a0that\u00a0respect\u00a0but\u00a0transcend\u00a0the\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0nation.\u00a0For\u00a0me\u00a0personally,\u00a0the\u00a0work\u00a0of\u00a0developing\u00a0strong\u00a0and\u00a0appropriate\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0governance\u00a0is\u00a0the\u00a0work\u00a0of\u00a0nation\u00a0rebuilding\u00a0that\u00a0really\u00a0excites\u00a0me.\u00a0Because\u00a0as\u00a0an\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0person,\u00a0I\u00a0know\u00a0it\u00a0is\u00a0essential\u00a0to\u00a0ensuring\u00a0thriving\u00a0and\u00a0practising\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0cultures\u00a0reflective\u00a0of\u00a0our\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0legal\u00a0traditions.\u00a0\u00a0Indeed,\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0laws\u00a0and\u00a0legal\u00a0orders\u00a0are\u00a0central\u00a0to\u00a0the\u00a0work\u00a0of\u00a0reconciliation\u00a0and\u00a0creating\u00a0new\u00a0nation\u2010to\u2010nation\u00a0relationships.\u00a0Both\u00a0Section\u00a035\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0Constitution\u00a0and\u00a0the\u00a0United\u00a0Nations\u00a0Declaration\u00a0speak\u00a0to\u00a0this.\u00a0And\u00a0many\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0truth\u00a0and\u00a0reconciliation\u00a0calls\u00a0to\u00a0action\u00a0touch\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0need\u00a0to\u00a0understand\u00a0and\u00a0engage\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0laws.\u00a0Canada\u00a0has\u00a0always\u00a0been\u00a0a\u00a0country\u00a0with\u00a0dimensions\u00a0of\u00a0legal\u00a0pluralism\u00a0\u2013\u00a0the\u00a0coming\u00a0together\u00a0of\u00a0different\u00a0legal\u00a0orders\u00a0that\u00a0learn\u00a0to\u00a0co\u2010exist\u00a0and\u00a0operate\u00a0together\u00a0within\u00a0our\u00a0constitutional\u00a0framework.\u00a0\u00a0This\u00a0was\u00a0true\u00a0at\u00a0the\u00a0founding\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0country\u00a0almost\u00a0150\u00a0years\u00a0ago\u00a0in\u00a0relation\u00a0to\u00a0our\u00a0common\u00a0law\u00a0and\u00a0civil\u00a0law\u00a0heritage.\u00a0Expressing\u00a0dimensions\u00a0of\u00a0legal\u00a0pluralism\u00a0is\u00a0a\u00a0challenge\u00a0we\u00a0must\u00a0now\u00a0meet\u00a0in\u00a0relation\u00a0to\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0laws,\u00a0as\u00a0well.\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0governments,\u00a0the\u00a0Crown,\u00a0law\u00a0schools\u00a0and\u00a0the\u00a0bar\u00a0all\u00a0have\u00a0roles\u00a0and\u00a0responsibilities\u00a0to\u00a0play\u00a0in\u00a0relation\u00a0to\u00a0how\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0legal\u00a0orders\u00a0come\u00a0to\u00a0be\u00a0further\u00a0understood\u00a0and\u00a0expressed\u00a0in\u00a0Canada.\u00a0\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0nations\u00a0across\u00a0the\u00a0country\u00a0are\u00a0at\u00a0various\u00a0stages\u00a0and\u00a0in\u00a0different\u00a0processes\u00a0of\u00a0rebuilding\u00a0their\u00a0governments.\u00a0This\u00a0is\u00a0essential\u00a0work\u00a0they\u00a0must\u00a0do\u00a0as\u00a0part\u00a0of\u00a0ushering\u00a0in\u00a0an\u00a0era\u00a0of\u00a0new\u00a0relationships\u00a0where\u00a0self\u2010government\u00a0and\u00a0recognition\u00a0and\u00a0exercise\u00a0of\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0jurisdiction\u00a0will\u00a0steadily\u00a0increase.\u00a0Nations\u00a0must\u00a0tackle\u00a0the\u00a0hard\u00a0work\u00a0of\u00a0increasing\u00a0their\u00a0governance\u00a0capacity.\u00a0This\u00a0includes\u00a0reinvigorating\u00a0and\u00a0expressing\u00a0in\u00a0diverse\u00a0and\u00a0new\u00a0ways\u00a0the\u00a0laws\u00a0and\u00a0legal\u00a0orders\u00a0that\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0peoples\u00a0have\u00a0relied\u00a0on\u00a0for\u00a0countless\u00a0generations.\u00a0\u00a0They\u00a0must\u00a0also\u00a0undertake\u00a0the\u00a0work\u00a0of\u00a0expressing\u00a0their\u00a0laws\u00a0and\u00a0their\u00a0application\u00a0in\u00a0a\u00a0contemporary\u00a0world.\u00a0The\u00a0Crown\u00a0has\u00a0the\u00a0opportunity\u00a0to\u00a0seek\u00a0out\u00a0and\u00a0create\u00a0the\u00a0appropriate\u00a0space\u00a0for\u00a0the\u00a0operation\u00a0and\u00a0application\u00a0of\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0laws\u00a0and\u00a0legal\u00a0orders\u00a0through\u00a0changes\u00a0in\u00a0our\u00a0own\u00a0existing\u00a0laws\u00a0and\u00a0creating\u00a0new\u00a0models\u00a0of\u00a0relations.\u00a0This\u00a0requires\u00a0moving\u00a0beyond\u00a0the\u00a0practice\u00a0of\u00a0denying\u00a0the\u00a0operation\u00a0of\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0laws\u00a0and\u00a0starting\u00a0the\u00a0work\u00a0of\u00a0creating\u00a0a\u00a0pattern\u00a0of\u00a0legal\u00a0pluralism\u00a0that\u00a0recognizes\u00a0them\u00a0and\u00a0includes\u00a0their\u00a0role.\u00a0Speech to Continuing Legal Education Society of British Columbia, 2016 Aboriginal Law Conference, November 25, 2016\u00a0Law\u00a0schools\u00a0and\u00a0the\u00a0bar\u00a0have\u00a0vital\u00a0roles\u00a0to\u00a0play\u00a0as\u00a0well.\u00a0We\u00a0need\u00a0to\u00a0systematically\u00a0build\u00a0understanding\u00a0about\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0laws,\u00a0how\u00a0they\u00a0operate,\u00a0how\u00a0they\u00a0fit\u00a0into\u00a0the\u00a0constitutional\u00a0fabric\u00a0of\u00a0Canada\u00a0and\u00a0how\u00a0their\u00a0application\u00a0is\u00a0part\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0work\u00a0of\u00a0reconciliation.\u00a0Law\u00a0schools\u00a0should\u00a0continue\u00a0to\u00a0rise\u00a0to\u00a0the\u00a0challenge\u00a0of\u00a0training\u00a0new\u00a0lawyers\u00a0equipped\u00a0with\u00a0the\u00a0knowledge\u00a0of\u00a0these\u00a0matters\u00a0and\u00a0the\u00a0roles\u00a0they\u00a0play\u00a0as\u00a0lawyers\u00a0in\u00a0ensuring\u00a0they\u00a0are\u00a0respected.\u00a0In\u00a0my\u00a0position,\u00a0I\u00a0have\u00a0been\u00a0privileged\u00a0to\u00a0seeing\u00a0this\u00a0happening\u00a0across\u00a0the\u00a0country.\u00a0\u00a0Similarly,\u00a0the\u00a0bar\u00a0as\u00a0a\u00a0whole\u00a0has\u00a0to\u00a0build\u00a0opportunities\u00a0for\u00a0gaining\u00a0deep\u00a0understanding\u00a0of\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0laws\u00a0in\u00a0relation\u00a0and\u00a0relevant\u00a0in\u00a0various\u00a0ways\u00a0to\u00a0all\u00a0areas\u00a0of\u00a0contemporary\u00a0legal\u00a0practices.\u00a0And\u00a0note\u00a0that,\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0new\u00a0open\u00a0and\u00a0transparent\u00a0process\u00a0our\u00a0government\u00a0has\u00a0adopted\u00a0for\u00a0judicial\u00a0appointments,\u00a0to\u00a0ensure\u00a0greater\u00a0diversity\u00a0on\u00a0the\u00a0bench,\u00a0we\u00a0will\u00a0strongly\u00a0consider\u00a0candidates\u00a0with\u00a0knowledge\u00a0of\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0legal\u00a0traditions.\u00a0\u00a0In\u00a0practice,\u00a0when\u00a0considering\u00a0the\u00a0way\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0laws\u00a0and\u00a0legal\u00a0orders\u00a0contribute\u00a0to\u00a0legal\u00a0pluralism\u00a0in\u00a0Canada,\u00a0there\u00a0are\u00a0many\u00a0areas\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0law\u00a0to\u00a0consider\u00a0as\u00a0there\u00a0are\u00a0many\u00a0different\u00a0legal\u00a0traditions\u00a0reflecting\u00a0the\u00a0diversity\u00a0of\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0peoples\u00a0within\u00a0Canada.\u00a0There\u00a0are\u00a0unique\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0systems\u00a0of\u00a0land\u00a0tenure\u00a0and\u00a0land\u00a0holding\u00a0with\u00a0different\u00a0rules\u00a0of\u00a0how\u00a0property\u00a0is\u00a0passed\u00a0on\u00a0and\u00a0rules\u00a0of\u00a0descent.\u00a0Nations\u00a0have\u00a0different\u00a0traditions\u00a0when\u00a0it\u00a0comes\u00a0to\u00a0how\u00a0decisions\u00a0are\u00a0made\u00a0within\u00a0governing\u00a0bodies,\u00a0often\u00a0with\u00a0special\u00a0rules\u00a0for\u00a0certain\u00a0groups.\u00a0For\u00a0example,\u00a0the\u00a0rule\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0matriarchs\u00a0and\u00a0hereditary\u00a0chiefs.\u00a0\u00a0In\u00a0the\u00a0area\u00a0of\u00a0family\u00a0law,\u00a0there\u00a0may\u00a0be\u00a0special\u00a0rules\u00a0with\u00a0respect\u00a0to\u00a0the\u00a0raising\u00a0and\u00a0responsibilities\u00a0for\u00a0children\u00a0that\u00a0extend\u00a0beyond\u00a0biological\u00a0parents.\u00a0In\u00a0some\u00a0cases,\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0legal\u00a0traditions\u00a0are\u00a0something\u00a0that\u00a0all\u00a0Canadians\u00a0can\u00a0learn\u00a0and\u00a0benefit\u00a0from,\u00a0and\u00a0that\u00a0can\u00a0have\u00a0wider\u00a0application\u00a0than\u00a0simply\u00a0to\u00a0the\u00a0specific\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0peoples\u00a0whose\u00a0legal\u00a0order\u00a0it\u00a0is\u00a0\u2013\u00a0for\u00a0example,\u00a0with\u00a0respect\u00a0to\u00a0how\u00a0disputes\u00a0are\u00a0resolved.\u00a0\u00a0A\u00a0case\u00a0in\u00a0point\u00a0is\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0area\u00a0of\u00a0sentencing.\u00a0Measures\u00a0such\u00a0as\u00a0restorative\u00a0justice\u00a0and\u00a0sentencing\u00a0circles\u00a0are\u00a0already\u00a0providing\u00a0off\u2010ramps\u00a0to\u00a0the\u00a0criminal\u00a0justice\u00a0system\u00a0in\u00a0Canada\u00a0and\u00a0leading\u00a0to\u00a0lower\u00a0incarceration\u00a0rates\u00a0and\u00a0recidivism\u00a0rates\u00a0for\u00a0non\u2010violent\u00a0offenses.\u00a0This\u00a0is,\u00a0in\u00a0fact,\u00a0Restorative\u00a0Justice\u00a0Week,\u00a0and\u00a0I\u00a0would\u00a0like\u00a0to\u00a0acknowledge\u00a0that\u00a0British\u00a0Columbia\u00a0has\u00a0been\u00a0a\u00a0leader\u00a0in\u00a0bringing\u00a0restorative\u00a0justice\u00a0measures\u00a0forward.\u00a0\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0legal\u00a0traditions\u00a0will,\u00a0I\u00a0am\u00a0sure,\u00a0increasingly\u00a0have\u00a0a\u00a0positive\u00a0impact\u00a0on\u00a0our\u00a0country\u00a0as\u00a0the\u00a0process\u00a0of\u00a0reconciliation\u00a0unfolds.\u00a0So,\u00a0too,\u00a0will\u00a0the\u00a0influence\u00a0of\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0governance\u00a0more\u00a0broadly.\u00a0For\u00a0example,\u00a0with\u00a0respect\u00a0to\u00a0and\u00a0use\u00a0planning\u00a0and\u00a0natural\u00a0resource\u00a0development,\u00a0historically\u00a0\u2013\u00a0and\u00a0I've\u00a0said\u00a0this\u00a0before\u00a0\u2013\u00a0political\u00a0power\u00a0in\u00a0Canada,\u00a0whether\u00a0federal\u00a0or\u00a0provincial,\u00a0has\u00a0been\u00a0weighted\u00a0to\u00a0the\u00a0south\u00a0where\u00a0most\u00a0of\u00a0us\u00a0live\u00a0and\u00a0therefore,\u00a0vote.\u00a0Local\u00a0communities\u00a0with\u00a0their\u00a0limited\u00a0governance\u00a0role\u00a0in\u00a0rural\u00a0Canada\u00a0have\u00a0typically\u00a0had\u00a0less\u00a0influence\u00a0over\u00a0significant\u00a0public\u00a0policy\u00a0decisions\u00a0that\u00a0affect\u00a0them\u00a0and\u00a0generally\u00a0keep\u00a0little\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0wealth\u00a0generated\u00a0from\u00a0resource\u00a0development\u00a0despite\u00a0being\u00a0impacted\u00a0by\u00a0it\u00a0the\u00a0most.\u00a0\u00a0However,\u00a0this\u00a0is\u00a0changing\u00a0with\u00a0the\u00a0re\u2010emergence\u00a0of\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0government.\u00a0People\u00a0who\u00a0are\u00a0attached\u00a0to,\u00a0live\u00a0on\u00a0and\u00a0survive\u00a0off\u00a0the\u00a0land\u00a0they\u00a0live\u00a0on\u00a0have\u00a0their\u00a0own\u00a0perspectives\u00a0on\u00a0land\u00a0management\u00a0and\u00a0resource\u00a0exploitation\u00a0than\u00a0can\u00a0often\u00a0differ\u00a0from\u00a0those\u00a0that\u00a0do\u00a0not,\u00a0or\u00a0are\u00a0just\u00a0passing\u00a0through\u00a0or\u00a0are\u00a0passive\u00a0investors.\u00a0This\u00a0developing\u00a0political\u00a0reality\u00a0is\u00a0already\u00a0beginning\u00a0to\u00a0change\u00a0the\u00a0way\u00a0land\u00a0use\u00a0planning\u00a0and\u00a0decision\u2010making\u00a0is\u00a0being\u00a0conducted\u00a0across\u00a0Canada\u00a0and\u00a0particularly\u00a0here\u00a0in\u00a0B.C.,\u00a0including\u00a0how\u00a0governments\u00a0must\u00a0ensure\u00a0sustainability\u00a0as\u00a0well\u00a0as\u00a0a\u00a0share\u00a0in\u00a0revenue.\u00a0Speech to Continuing Legal Education Society of British Columbia, 2016 Aboriginal Law Conference, November 25, 2016\u00a0So\u00a0in\u00a0closing,\u00a0let\u00a0me\u00a0say\u00a0this.\u00a0Today,\u00a0we\u00a0truly\u00a0have\u00a0an\u00a0opportunity\u00a0to\u00a0develop\u00a0a\u00a0nation\u2010to\u2010nation\u00a0relationship\u00a0that\u00a0will\u00a0ensure\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0peoples\u00a0take\u00a0their\u00a0rightful\u00a0place\u00a0within\u00a0Confederation\u00a0in\u00a0our\u00a0evolving\u00a0system\u00a0of\u00a0multi\u2010level\u00a0governance\u00a0and\u00a0cooperative\u00a0federalism.\u00a0And\u00a0as\u00a0part\u00a0of\u00a0this\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0nation\u00a0rebuilding,\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0laws\u00a0and\u00a0legal\u00a0orders\u00a0are\u00a0going\u00a0to\u00a0play\u00a0an\u00a0increasingly\u00a0important\u00a0role\u00a0in\u00a0our\u00a0country's\u00a0legal\u00a0mosaic.\u00a0\u00a0As\u00a0someone\u00a0who\u00a0was\u00a0raised\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0laws\u00a0of\u00a0our\u00a0big\u00a0house\u00a0and\u00a0now\u00a0being\u00a0where\u00a0I\u00a0am\u00a0today,\u00a0I\u00a0can\u00a0appreciate\u00a0both\u00a0the\u00a0importance\u00a0of\u00a0ensuring\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0legal\u00a0orders,\u00a0including\u00a0those\u00a0of\u00a0my\u00a0people,\u00a0the\u00a0Kwakwaka\u2019wakw,\u00a0and\u00a0ensuring\u00a0legal\u00a0pluralism.\u00a0Through\u00a0reconciliation\u00a0and\u00a0the\u00a0promotion\u00a0of\u00a0legal\u00a0pluralism,\u00a0I\u00a0am\u00a0incredibly\u00a0excited\u00a0about\u00a0the\u00a0prospects\u00a0of\u00a0how\u00a0our\u00a0institutions\u00a0of\u00a0governance\u00a0in\u00a0Canada\u00a0will\u00a0become\u00a0the\u00a0stronger\u00a0for\u00a0it.\u00a0\u00a0In\u00a0my\u00a0opinion,\u00a0the\u00a0nation\u2010to\u2010nation\u00a0relationship\u00a0and\u00a0the\u00a0resurgence\u00a0of\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0governance,\u00a0based\u00a0on\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0legal\u00a0orders,\u00a0will,\u00a0over\u00a0the\u00a0next\u00a0generation,\u00a0change\u00a0for\u00a0the\u00a0better\u00a0the\u00a0way\u00a0Canada\u00a0is\u00a0governed,\u00a0not\u00a0only\u00a0in\u00a0transforming\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0nations,\u00a0but\u00a0our\u00a0country\u00a0as\u00a0a\u00a0whole.\u00a0And\u00a0as\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0people\u00a0take\u00a0back\u00a0control\u00a0of\u00a0their\u00a0lives,\u00a0the\u00a0federation\u00a0is\u00a0strengthened.\u00a0We\u00a0are\u00a0helping\u00a0to\u00a0ensure\u00a0that\u00a0we\u00a0have\u00a0a\u00a0Canada\u00a0that\u00a0I\u00a0think\u00a0all\u00a0Canadians\u00a0aspire\u00a0to\u00a0live\u00a0in\u00a0\u2013\u00a0a\u00a0country\u00a0based\u00a0on\u00a0shared\u00a0values\u00a0and\u00a0principles\u00a0that\u00a0we\u00a0have\u00a0spent\u00a0years\u00a0as\u00a0a\u00a0nation\u00a0fostering,\u00a0creating\u00a0a\u00a0fair,\u00a0caring\u00a0and\u00a0compassionate\u00a0society\u00a0that\u00a0confirms\u00a0our\u00a0place\u00a0on\u00a0this\u00a0planet\u00a0as\u00a0a\u00a0favoured\u00a0nation\u00a0and\u00a0one\u00a0of\u00a0the\u00a0best\u00a0countries\u00a0in\u00a0the\u00a0world\u00a0in\u00a0which\u00a0to\u00a0live.\u00a0\u00a0It\u00a0is\u00a0in\u00a0this\u00a0special\u00a0place\u00a0of\u00a0what\u00a0must\u00a0remain\u00a0Canada\u00a0that\u00a0Indigenous\u00a0nations\u00a0and\u00a0the\u00a0future\u00a0of\u00a0our\u00a0diverse\u00a0cultures\u00a0and\u00a0languages\u00a0will\u00a0be\u00a0safeguarded\u00a0and,\u00a0indeed,\u00a0our\u00a0many\u00a0ways\u00a0to\u00a0be\u00a0Canadian,\u00a0our\u00a0diversity.\u00a0\u00a0Gilakas\u2019la.\u00a0Thank\u00a0you\u00a0very\u00a0much.\u00a0Speech to Continuing Legal Education Society of British Columbia, 2016 Aboriginal Law Conference, November 25, 2016","@language":"en"}],"Genre":[{"@value":"Other","@language":"en"}],"IsShownAt":[{"@value":"10.14288\/1.0380735","@language":"en"}],"Language":[{"@value":"eng","@language":"en"}],"PeerReviewStatus":[{"@value":"Unreviewed","@language":"en"}],"Provider":[{"@value":"Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library","@language":"en"}],"Rights":[{"@value":"Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International","@language":"*"}],"RightsURI":[{"@value":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/","@language":"*"}],"ScholarlyLevel":[{"@value":"Other","@language":"en"}],"Title":[{"@value":"Speech to Continuing Legal Education Society of British Columbia, 2016 Aboriginal Law Conference, November 25, 2016","@language":"en"}],"Type":[{"@value":"Text","@language":"en"}],"URI":[{"@value":"http:\/\/hdl.handle.net\/2429\/71559","@language":"en"}],"SortDate":[{"@value":"2016-11-25 AD","@language":"en"}],"@id":"doi:10.14288\/1.0380735"}