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This could be a full linked open date URI or an internal identifier"}],"FileFormat":[{"label":"File Format","value":"application\/pdf","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/format","classmap":"edm:WebResource","property":"dc:format"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/format","explain":"A Dublin Core Elements Property; The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource.; Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the list of Internet Media Types [MIME]."}],"FullText":[{"label":"Full Text","value":" Cr R. G. BUCHANAN, Crockery, L'hfnu, IiIusmmitc, Faiu-y liooris, I'lutud Wiiru, Lump GoikI.s. Cutleiy ami KupplU-ti. 406-408 Westminster Ave. DICKSON'S. IJkirOIlTIMi TEA COMI'ANY, 47 Hastings St. East. \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdfc=-- VOL. 1. VANCOUVER B. C, SATURDAY, MARCH ;U, 1900. XO. 1. . IV.fl. ARMSTRONG IS TOWS interviewed by The Independent- Seattle on the Boom. A New tabor Temple to Cost $30,0OO-riie Clerks Hdve Succeeded in the Early Closing of Stores. \"IV. G. Armstrong, General Organizer \ufffd\ufffdf the American Federation of Labor for the Pacific Coast, was In the city ' Thursday night and addressed the \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd special meeting or the Labor council. After the meeting Mr. .Vrmstrong was interviewed In regard to trades union matters on the coast, in answer to a question regarding the phenomenal success,of the clerk's association in Scuttle, he said: . \"While their growth was phenomenal, ' tile matter was easy. It simply resolved itself down to this: Organized . labor and the citizens of Seattle generally endorsed the early closing mo\\ e- ment. Then the various alllhatcd organizations of the Western Central -Labor union decided to patronize only ' those merchants that closed at 0 p. m. (Saturdays excepted), and employed union clerks. When a member ot or- ' jganlzed labor wished to purchase any- thingv\"lie asked the 'proprietor if any union clerks were employed in the store. It so, he wanted them to wait mi him\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdif not. he declined to puichase. Thus It came about that the proprietors stood' in with the movement, and advised their clerks to join the union. They had everything to gain by such action, for the citizens generally are In accord with the movement, and even many ot the ladies are refusing to .purchase from any but union clerks. - \"Aside from the strides the clerks are making, I wish to say Hint organized labor Is booming in Seattle. All ihe skilled trades are organized\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdin fact Seattle is the best organized town \ufffd\ufffdn the const, and i predict at least S,000 members by September 1st of this year. \"It is enccuraging to note the Increase in the membership of the building trades. From the first man on the Jbuilding to the last man off every one 5s a union man, and has his card to show for it. Prom.present indications, there will br; niifi.JyilJdJnKs' erected- ithls year In Seattle than ever before. \"Yes, Victoria is affiliated with the -V. V. of L., ann is going quietly ahead. Is'anainui miners are also with us, and wi. arc making ijioal strides In the .matter of org.inlzj.tlun all over the province. \"In fact, never in the history of the labor movement In the United States .has there been such an increase in membership as that witnessed within the past few months. Secretary Mor- j-isun, of the A. K, of L\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd assures me that he is issuing charters at the rate nf ten a day, and the A. F. of L. membership is growing almost beyond 'belief., VWhat do I think of labor matters \ufffd\ufffd\ufffduver here? Well, I must say tnat you 3>eopIe are all right. 1 am surprised at the number of unions in existence, and the big membeiship. All you have to \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd&o Js to keeji at it and you will have every class of workers organized within the next month or two. \"How do I account for the rapid .growth? It appears to me that the ciLizens generally have given more attention to the study of the labor problem, and labor generally, and have found out that instead' of being wreckers ot business prosperity, they arc the mainstay of a community\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdin fact, that their sole purpose is the building up of home industry, coming into closer touch with their employers, -and fostering that good feeling that redounds to the credit of employer and one of the Pacific coust stalwarts In the trades union movement. As a wise and prudent counsellor in advancing the cause of labor he has proved himself to be far-seeing and reliable. He was one of the fathers of the Seattle Central Labor union, Instituted years ago, and may be said to be the father ot the proposed new Labor temple in that city. It Is to be hoped that \"Bill\" will soon return, an he promises to do in the near'future, In the Interests of the fishermen's union. employee, and\" of which the pepole as whole reap the benellt. \"You people art- a little ahead of us In securing a home where those who loll can meet to discuss, business and educate themselves in'the history of social economy.'. .Rut- we of .Seattle .Slave just purchased a lot, the cost \\priee of which isJ12.2ri0.6n this lot Jt Is proposed to,erect a labor temple, which will oost, when completed, about \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd$30,000. The citizens of Seattle are loyal, and-with the old Seattle spirit are to the front in grand style. AVilhout \ufffd\ufffdsking subscriptions, I want to say that .-.Mr... Rosenberg, of the firm of ,Kline & Rosenberg, contributed $500; The Times,-through'Col.\" Blothen, has \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdnrrered MOO: MeDouitull & Southwick, 5200;'.Mr. I'rager. of the Red Front, JJ100, a'lid the Typographical union $250. When ^e begin active canvassing next week 1 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdfeel assured we, will; raise \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdenough money, to pay for the lot, arid the biilliljng trades have volunteered to put up the building free nf charge! \"I return to Seattle to-morrow, but \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdwill be back hctv in a few weeks to take up the organization of the fishermen. \"In the meantime I hope the boys will get in and support The Independent. Labor unionists are always crying for an organ with which to place -their side of the story before the people, but are too 'prone to ask the unionist who embarks In the enterprise lo carry on the work without giving him their financial aid'. Even the editor ot a lahor journal must live, and \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdif the unionists of a community won't support their own Journal they do not deserve to be successful. But judging from what I have heard to-night, your paper will be a go. and every union man In the city will be a subscriber.\" Mr. Armstrong returned to Seattle, \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdvia Mlslon, yesterday morning, He is SINGLE TAX DISCUSSED. \"The usual weekly public meeting, which is held every Wednesday evening in the labor hall, Homer street, under the auspices of the Trades and Labor council, were the different subjects connected with political economy is discussed, was held on Wednesday last. uMr. If. Williams, financial secretary ot the Trades council, opened the debate by giving a lucid discourse upon the first principles of the Single Tax question, showing how, under a system ot single tax the country would get immediate relief. Although he did i.ot claim, nor the single laxers did not claim, that the Single Tax, If adopted, was the cure-all for all our diseases and ills we have to contend with, stir It was a stepping-stone along the lines, and in the direction of a more elaborate system, which Is often dreamed of, but which will be a long time coming, judging from past experiences. Tile debate was eagerly taken up by those present, some of whom seemed eager for the fray, but on the whole it was an interesting and instructive debate. The parliamentary committee are anxious that these meetings should be a success, and gives a hearty Invitation to the public to attend' them. What we want is, that men should hear and think for themselves, and not swallow otheis' opinions made for them An Intelligent electorate we wish to make In Vancouver\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdnot an illiterate one. Next Wednesday Mr. Cole will giv\ufffd\ufffd a lecture on the money question. Mr. Cole Is a good talker and well versed on the subject. We want to see a full house to greet him'. Every one is welcome. :o: A LABOR PLATFORM. The following platform has been adopted by some of the Manitoba labor organizations and many others are discussing its merits: . \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 1. We demand ot the provincial legislature the- enforcement of the elght- J,uur-la\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd',--tuid .its. application' to all branches of manual labor. 2. Legal recognition by incorporation of labor unions and the extenson to them ot the same rights enjoyed by other corporate bodies. 3. To provide for adjustment of wage disputes by arbitration on plans similar to those now In force in New Zealand. \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd 4. To provide for settlement of public questions by direct vote under the initativo and referendum. 5. Government , owenership of all railway, telegraph and telephone lines to be constructed,, and the acquiring of those already In use .as soon as practical: and to prevent extortion as far as possible by the control of all railway, telegraph and telephone lines for public use and to fix a reasonable maximum rate which they may charge for service. G. An act to prevent employment of Chinese In any mines, factories, or public works within the province. 7. An act to provide safeguards to life and health; and to provide an efficient mine Inspector system to secure these results. S. 'An act to establish country or local government throughout the province: all officers of such, both judicial ad executive, to be elected by the popuLar vote of their respective localities. VANCOUVER'S LABOR HALL Details in Connection with the Investment. A Strong Effort Is Deing Put forth by Workingmeu ol This City to Raise S3,000 by April 24. ~pnOGUESSIVK~.WUNTClPAL.TSMr\" We believe the city should abolish the system of contracts for public works and perform Us own work through municipal departments, furnishing the materials and employing its own citizens at- union wages and under union conditions. During the year just closed wehavo abolished the contract system, increased the pay of city'laborers from $1.75 to $2 per day and reduced their hours from nine to eight. The construction ot public buildings has been ..carried on by the city through committees of the city council in a satisfactory manner. All the evils of the contract system have-thus been eliminated. Labor has been we'l paid and'the amount of public work done under these Invproved conditions hns been much larger, with the same appropriation, than In previous years.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdMayor Chase of Haverhill, Mass. Tho question of suitable accommodation for the meetings of the Trades and Labor council, its committees, and of the different unions of this city, has been a vexed one for several years. The hall on Hastings street (where much good work was dohe) was too small- very often committees could not meet for weeks at a time\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdconsequently the woik of the council was hampered and imperfectly carried on. Another great difficulty the. council had to contend with was that, owing to lack of accommodation, many of the unions had to meet in oilier places. As time passed these dliTlpuitles became accentuated. The council became larger, as other unions were formed, and their delegates appointed. Consequently business Increased in corresponding proportion. Hence, it became apparent that a move must be made into larger and more convenient premises. A committee appointed to look Into the matter reported that suitable premises could not be had for a less rental than $125 a month. Some of the delegates saw that to rent a suite of rooms would be only of temporary advantage; that, If ]the' business ot the council continued to expand in .the next few years as it had In the past, we would in a short time have to face the same- difficulty again. Some delegates thought it would be better for the council to build. Others said that as the scheme would involve an outlay of from $5,000 to $10,000 it was too great an undertaking to attempt, at least until a good fund were formed as a nucleus. The question was hotly debated In several meetings and the motion to build was ultimately carried with unanimity. A building committee was then ap-. pointed to secure a site upon which it was proposed to erect a brick block; the committee was \"also instructed-to devise ways and means to carry the purpose of the council into effect. This was no easy matter. Many meetings were held, much talk indulged in; and many pet theories advanced bclore a course of action was decided upon. Negotiations were opened with a real estate agent for the purchase of two lots on the south-west corner of Pender and Hamilton streets.,. When the committee was on the point of closing the deal the price of the lots was suddenly advanced about 50 per cent. This terminated the negotiations in that direction. Ultimately *he trustees of the Homer street Methodist church came, forward and offered that property tor $7,000. After due'consideration this offer was accepted; $300 \"was put up to bind the bargain, and $l\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdr>0\" was paid on the 24th October, 1S99, when the Trades and Labor council formally took possession of the premises. Five thousand dollars must be paid on the 24th April, 1900, to com-f plete the purchase price. Since taking over the property the Trades and Labor council, through Its executive committee, has carried out extensive improvements in the basement in order to adapt it for the purpose for which it was acquired, namely, halls for meetings ot the various unions and committees. We have now ample accommodation for many years to come, and also for public meetings whenever, necessary. We have also each. The council reserves the right to redeem them at any time. It also reserves the option of first refusal before any .shareholder can dispose of his shares to another party. The surplus Income above referred to will he devoted to the redemption of these shares; and It is caleluated that all the stock shares will be redeemed in live years. By this scheme the Trades and Labor council has become possessed of a property which will be of immense utility to all the working men of the city, and indeed- of the province. It is obvious that such a building can be used for many purposes, that will be of great benefit to the working classes of British Columbia. Besides all purely local efforts, conventions looking to parliamentary action In the province and in the Dominion, wil be called here, and Vancouver will take a front place in this as In other matters. We hope to see Victoria shortly as well organised as Vancouver, and own its own Labor Hall; and if Victoria and Vancouver, why not Nanaimo? F. W. Of Interest to the working Popula tion of B. C. It is Estimated that One Person in Four is a Mongol\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdThe Japanese Number about 2,000-Slaverr a Disgrace. CARPENTERS MEET. A meeting of carpenters was held last night in the Union Hall, Homer Street, for the purpose of discussing what stand they would take on the hours and wage question during the coming season. The hall was crowded to the doors. Mr. J. Morton was elected Chairman. The employers present were invited to address the meeting on the following resolutions, submitted to the builders last January by the building trades: ' v \"1st. That on the first five days ot the week the hours of labor shall be between the hours ot 7 a. m. and 5 p. m. and on Saturday the hours of iaibor shall bo from 7 a. m. to 12 a. m. making a total of fifty (50) hours per week. nd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdThat all \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd work before 7 a. m. or after .\"> p. m. or 12 noon on Saturday shall be paid for at the rate of time and a- half. 3rd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdThat the minimum rate of wages shall be 33 1-3 cents per hour. 1th.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdThat these resolutions take effect on AprU the first 1900, and hold good for twelve (12) months; three (3) months' notice on either side to be given ot any chunge in the above.\" The Chairman stated that several satisfactory replies had been ' received from builders in the City. He gave a short sketch of business carried out by organised carpenters. One contractor gave his version on the resolutions, which wjis listened to with th> greatest of Interest. A standing vote \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdv;.<-(1nkcn..nB to. whether these resolutions would be carried out and tiiere was only one dissenting voice. Another resolution was passed to meet on Saturday, April Cth, at S p. in., and in the meantime the Secretary is to be notified of any jobs not being in line. 'I'lie advantages of 'belonging to the Union were detailed by several speakers, resulting in a large enrolment of members. The official organ of the meat-cutters and butcher workmen thus Instructs Its members: \"Hy asking for union labeled goods you help union workmen to obtain fair wages and healthful conditions under which to woi'k, and a more practical and mayhap sdlflsh view Is that union labor receiving better wagt'S, working less hours,\/have both time and money to spend; Hence If we belli I hem, they help us byfpatronlzlng the establishments where! our allied trades And employment. Alunlon man with a union hat, union slloss, union clothes, eating union drelsed' meat, bought out ot a union market, and a union cigar In his mouth fa an Ideal picture to lovers ot fair 1. all labels, and see that ydur brother member and friends do the same.\" bor. Push splendid plumbing \"arrangements executed in a most workmanlike manner by Weeks & Mclntyre. Necessarily much labor devolved upon the committee in financing;, the enterprise. But the committee is enabled to rejQlce in its labor by the knowledge that the scheme Is now on an assurredly sound financial basis. Our income not only meets-all liabilities, including Interest' at the rate of six percent, on the capital involved, but we have also a handsome surplus every month over and above all regular expenditure. In working out the financial part nf the undertaking the committee had to blaze Its own trail throughout the forest* since no one had any experience In a similar, enterprise to be a guldo for the others. It was first, decided t\ufffd\ufffd call tor a gift of one day's pay from al! the men 'affiliated-with the Trades'and Labor council, through their respective unions. At the time It was calculated this would raise a sum of about $4,000. The Idea was abandoned for lack of support, a good minority being opposed to It. Thus the committee did not feel Justified in attempting any scheme without practical unanimity or. the part of all the unions. The committee then decided to recommend the council to become Incorporated and obtain from the government the power to Issue stock certificates or debentures to the extent of $20,000, 'bearing interest according to the profits made, but not to exceed a maximum ot ti per cent, per annum. In working out this scheme and in drawing up our articles or incorporation, every care was taken to safeguard the Interest of the council and shareholders, In order to prevent the property from falling Into the clutches of the enemy. The stock certificates are .issued to members at $2 REMEMBER THE' LABEL. Do you believe in trades unionism? Are you a union man? If so, see to it that you purchase, whenevernpossible, union-made articles. The cigars you smoke should 'bear a blue label, the clothes you wear should carry the label of the Tailors' union, the. bread you eat should carry the label of the Bakers' union, and the stationery, you use and the printing you order should both bear the impression ot the label of the Typographical union, and last, but not least, have your superlluous hirsute appendages removed,by a member ot the Barbers' union. Remember these facts. In the course ot a tew weeks we hope to have a few more label pointers to enjoin upon you. My God! When I read o'er the hitler lives of men whose eager hearts were quite too great to beat beneath the cramped mode of the day and see them mocked at by the world they love, haggling with prejudice tor a pennyworth of that reform which their Jiard toil will make the common birth- right ot the age to come\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdwhen I see this, in spite of my faith In God, I marvel how their hearts bear up so long; nor could they but tor this same prophecy, this inward feeling of the glorious end,\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdJaines Russell Lowell. The overworked reporters' of this province ,', contemplate organizing \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd a union. 'They will strenuously :' insist upon speakers during the forthcoming ulootion campaign being allowed only the time that It takes them to talk sense, and no longer. The public should back them up in their Christian endeavor In this regard. A concert will be given in O'Brien's Hall mi April 3rd, under the auspices of the Retail Clerks' association, to raise a fund for one of their members, who is very sick. All union men \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdplease take notice. This is a most worthy object and every one should purchase a. ticket. It any cannot go, .\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdend a friend. LIBEiR'A'L .M EET1XO. A fairly representative meeting of New Westminster Liberals was held last night, when delegates were elected to represent the Ruyal City at the Convention of April 5th. Mr. John Reld was In the chair and Mr. A. Mallns apted as Societary. After discussion it was decided not to pledge the delegates in any way as to what stand they should take on the party line issue, but leave them free to Judge for themselves. The following were elected: Messrs. D. J. Munn, G. Kennedy. W. A. ,Dunc.in, John Reld. R. F. Anderson, R. C. Macdonald, A. Hamilton, A. Mallns, J. Thompson and A. Henderson, M. P. P. Alternates: Messrs. It. Kennedy, W. W. Forrester, J. M. McDonald and R. Jar- dine. :o: \"C\" Comjiany of the Sixth Battalion held a very enjoyable smoker on Thursday evening. Recently the Parliamentary committee of the Trades and Labor council made a very interesting report on Mongolian statistics. It could not be learned from the authorities, the report stated, with any degree of accuracy, the Chinese population of this city. Tlie Chinese population, however, of British Columbia in 1891, the last census, numbered S.910, and in the whole Dominion 9,129. In 1S92 there were 2,102 Chinese who paid the $50 head tax; In '93, 3,253; '94, 2,191; '95, 2.03S; '9G, 1,370; '97, 1,705; '9S. 1.312; '99, 4,30ii; and in 1900 to date 900, making a total of 28,372. These flguies do not include those coming in without paying head tax. Chinese merchants and other Chinese returning from China are exempt, which Is a loop hole for any number arriving on our shores and evading the head tax. There are five Chinese at the leper colony on D'Arcy Island. A carefully prepared statement was presented to the Trades Congress at Quebec in 1S9C, which showed that the total population of British Columbia did not exceed 125,000, of whom some 23,000 were Indians. Of the 100.000 other people of the province nearly half were females, and if to these be added children and persons decerpit or otherwise incapacitated, it was found that on a liberal estimate\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdIndians included\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd there were not more than 40,000 male workers in British Columbia. Of these 40,000 male workers some 10,000 will represent Chinese, and their numbers have since been steadily growing. Also in 1S90 the fact was pointed out that in addition there must be counted some 2,000 Japanese, although the then Japanese consul, Hon. Mr. Noose, sought to make the number about 1,500, as he reckons that there were about 500 In the province in 1S95, even this smaller estimate showed a very rapid and labor-threatening growth of the Japanese population. The present Japanese consul says that there are 200 Japs living permanently .in Vancouver, and 1,300 in the province. Information from other sources show that 757 Japanese have been naturalized as British subjects to date. Last year, we are informed, 900 Japs were naturalized as \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdBritish subject'fishing on the Frnser river. The B. C. M. T.' & T. Company employed about 200 Japanese on their different works. Hence it Is not too much to say ot British Columbia that as regards its working population\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdoutside of Indians \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdmore than \"one person in four is a Mongol.\" The ratio will hold good at the present time even though the population may be increased. And this province is made up of various nationalities as well.' It must be remembered that if these Mongols, Chinese and Japanese, at least eleven-twelfths'are males. The committee was of the opinion that if these facts were known to the outside world It would be the means ot stopping veiy desirable immigrants arriving in the province. It was also believed it would have the tendency to stop capital more than the eight-hour law in the mining districts. Capital will not invest, it was pointed out. without confidence, and it is impossible to have confidence in a British colony peopled by Japanese and Chinese. It is difficult to obtain the exact con- dltlcns-unJer-which-a-Ghlnese-tyheo compels the coolies to pay tribute. The Mongol labor exploiter is too cunning to let them be known and the coolie is too ignorant to understand them. As far as can.be ascertained-the conditions as understood in British law- are a disgrace in this enlightened age. The tyhee, who absorb probably two- thirds of the wages nominally given to .Chinamen whom they have imported and over whom they maintain\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdpartly by secret society, agency\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdan almost despotic,hold. The government at Ottawa declines to restrict Japanese Immigration. In this regard we think the .very least it could do would be to say to the Japanese. \"Our market Is over-crowded with cheap labor, you should not come to our shores.\" The number to arrive may be fixed in ratio to our population, and as our own population Increases, so allow the Japanese to Increase. At best this would only he a compromise measure. We believe that total exclusion of Oriental cheap labor Is the solution to this vexed question. 3SIXEHS MffiT AT ROSSLAAD. Mr. Ralph Smith is doing good work in the settlement of the labor trouble. The meeting of miners of the district at the Miners' Union Hall, at Kossland, on Monday last, was a representative and good-natured one. Business was started by the putting of the following resolution: \"Resolved, that all classes of labor should stand by each other in the present condition of affairs under any circumstances.\" 'Mr. James Devine, the Secretary of the Miners' Union, was the first to speak to the resolution. He confined his atentlon to stating the facts as they iWlWKWI4<\\< presented themselves to him which had led up to ithe present situation. He was followed by 'Mr. C. Foley who endorsed the previous speaker, and who stated that the contiacf system, without limitation!!, was not what wasi wanted and would not be beneficial to' the men. \\. Two leaders of the carpenters spoke In turn, representing their unions. Each was equally strong In denouncing the evils ot the individual contract system by which they explained that they meant the system of employers'making separate and piivate contracts with each individual man instead of making a contract price with the Union. Another speaker, representing tho Mechanics' Union, said only a few, words, but these were directly in line with the utterances of those who preceded him. The mechanics, as the carpenters, were represented a? ready to support the miners in their intentions. Before the resolution was put, Mr. Ralph Smith, .who had been specially invited to address the meeting, spoke on the general question. He said that he had been requested to com? up to Ro=sland to work in conjunction with Mr. R. C. Clute, the Dominion Labor Commissioner, in order to bring about a settlement. He stated that he had: met the Executive Committee of the Miners' Union that afternoon, and that he had discussed with it the whole o\ufffd\ufffd the situation. In consequence of that talk, he was ready to submit a proposition to the mine-owners. A meeting had been arranged for Tuesday at 2 p. m., at which were to be present Messrs. Clute, himself, 'two members of: the Executive Committee of the Miners' Union, and Messrs. Kirby, of the War Eagle; Bernard Macdonald, of the British North America Corporation, and! T. Mayne Daly. > Mr. Smith went on to say that he had been asked to come to Rossland, and that he was anxious to do all that could be done through the representatives of the Miners' Union. Although! the Hon. Smith Curtis had telegraphed! for him, he was sure that that honorable gentleman had no other intention, but that of the business one, which was to bring the trouble to a speedy settlement. 'He said that there had been! some misunderstanding as to his position on the contract system which had! arisen over some remarks made by him' on the last Labor Day speech. Mr. Smith said that what he meant on that occasion by advocating the adoption of: the contract system was not that every, individual miner should go to the boss and make a private contract to take out rock, but that proper pilcc.s for -.e- ' moving rock should, so far as practicable, be considered by the Union and' presented to the managers, which price would serve as a basis for all contracts. This, Mr. Smith conteiig>d, would make the recognition of the Union a necessity. Every miner, under, these circumstances, would get his real worth upon the basis arranged between the Union and the Company. This basis was not to continue for all time. It would serve just as long as both par- \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdpartles were agreeable. As a trades union principle, trades union, men sought to discourage the contract system, but as practical men, in.view of the especial fact that the present mine owners of the Kootenays consider the contract system as a remedy for the present trouble, he strongly urged the miners to take a practical view of the question and arrange accordingly. Mr. Smith said he did not wish to be understood as dictating to the men, but that if he on his side understood the men had no intention ot making any concession, he would object to lift his' hand in the matter. Whilst he said he considered the conduct of the mine- owners, on the whole, unreasonable in not having approached this difficulty like business men, yet he endeavored to prevail upon the miners to come down to the lowest uosltion and teach tho public thereby that they were willing that this state of things should cease. Every trouble in tlie-rrovince-was plac ed at the door of tho Eight-Hour Law, the men's position being very much, misunderstood in some quarters. He said 'that the miners should place their position before the mine-owners. Tf the -Management refused it they in turn should submit a proposition. This in turn should be considered by the men, and if they refused, they should again present another alternative to the companies. Thus tin agi-eement must be arrived at eventually, except in case of a deadlock or a refusal to treat further on either side. In such a case the public would be in a position to Judge of the rights and of the wrongs of the case. He complimented 'the men on the sober stand they had taken under the whole trouble, and assured ihemi this was a great source ot strength, not only to'the.miners of the Kootenays, but also was an assistance to labor leaders In the House Itself. The whole strength of the labor movement lay In Its being reasonable and fair, and he hoped that the miners would continue in this course, and seek to preserve* their influence socially and politically In a like- manner. On the conclusion of Mr. Smith's address, the resolution was put and was. carried unanimously. A further resolution of thanks and confidence in the speaker who had so promptly attended at tho request of the Minister of 'Mines to come to Ross- land to endeavor to make a settlement of the matter, was put to the meeting and was cr.rried amidst great applause and cheering. The Vancouver Odd Fellows are concentrating their forces and have decided in future to have but one place, of meeting, namely the Sullivan Hall. Pacific Lrdge, No. 2G has already removed from the K. of P. hall to Its new quarters. IP \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdv\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd}) j \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdw ''\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd It ;Ii '\" .;'I d.. '\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd j ; ^I-rV yj'C ;;\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\".-:'' *^j;| THE INDEPENDENT. SATURDAY-. MAiROTI 81,1900 THE INDEPENDENT. I'l'ltUSIlKH WKEKI.Y IN TIIK 1NTKKEST OK'blWASfZKll 1.AII0K. \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd. Tin; inpei'EXukst i'i:ixiix<; company, HIM. U.Uil'U'.Y. KlilTHIt. V \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd y. -< \"> 'J' -ESIiOliSKli HY TIIK Tli.MMJS ANH l,AIIOIi . CorNOIt.. sati-kday, ..MARCH 31, MlOO \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd%_-^ THE INDEPENDENT. ,' .The Independent has been slurtcil (because its .promoters believe there Is a Held tor U: We are not cithe only ones fitted for the undertaking, as there are any number prepared \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdto do the same work, who may perhaps ; show better results, but our .patrons roSy ''est assured it will be no fault of tours lit we are not successful. Tlie Independent has been sired by a very active and energetic committee of the Trades and Labor council, the chairman of whieif was ex-president John Peary. .This committee procured a full-grown ... subscription list, on the -strength of which this publication has been launched, and It may thus be classed as a full- brown labor journal. ,\\Ve know that ours will not be a bed of roses at best, and we are aware that we will be the target of all kinds of abuse, because our mission is to endeavor to correct abuses, under which the great masses are at present struggling. In tills connection we may say that the working people have been grateful for the many courtesies shown to their cause by .the-press of this city. As an advocate of moderation in-earrying out proposed reforms, The Independent is prepared to take the chance of being villi- fied and dubbed a traitor to the cause\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd which it will earnestly and sincerely espouse\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdby certain pessimists and ex- '. tremists, who have no regard.for the \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdfeelings or opinions, of others. The worklngman's cause is not the growth of a day. but of centuries.-The labor movement in this province has'been co- expansive with the growth and devel- ' opment of the country.- The cardinal . principles of trades unionism are now- considered by the legislative branches of our governments, unionism is also now respectfully handled by the courts, though not-as, generously as It should be. and there are few executive officers who will be found to'; ignore and trample upon.its claims to recognition, : as was the1 case. In our father's time. !AU this is changed, and to-day we lhave the labor press In every province Sn the Dominion, as well as in every istate in the Union, advocating the cause of labor.. As we glance over the ivast list of labor Journals we are impressed with the stupendous leverage of this noiseless force that .is being , applied to every hamlet in the land to aead the people to a realization- of their present cramped condition, and convince them of their equitable right to participate in the administration of the government; Not very many years ago, as history goes, the agricultural element controlled the governments: now more than half that power comes from the cities, and the indications are, as in British Columbia, that this city (predominance will increase in the fu: iture. Organized labor, here and in ...other parts of the enlightened world, thas1 reached a point from which.it 'Wields an influence over public affairs . Iboth deep and wide. As time advances ^rffdW^^iom'giW^bTconves'air-important factor in the administration of our Jaw-making institutions. This may seem an exaggeration.^-but to the careful student the future is aglow with promises of fulfillment. A simon- pure labor Journal, such as we shall endeavor to make The Independent, will use all its force'to'encourage the masses to study the great problems that now confront them. The alms and objects of this paper will therefore be to talk plainly to plain people, whose sympathies are co-ordinate in the work of trades unions and social reformers. The policy of this publication will be Independent (as Its name Implies) on nil political matters, and will strive to attain the credit of having at least some literary merit. The labor organ of today is not In the full meaning of the word a newspaper, btft rather a specialist publication, similar to our great magazines. We shall consequently be to a large extent a reflexvSisthe sentiments expressed., by the Trades and Labor council. ...-,,. -.-\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd , which requires all persons employed In underground colliery work in this Province to be able to read and understand thoroughly the various miners' safety rules as printed In Kngllsh. So lie disallows the rule and suggests instead that a new regulation lie formulated merely requiring underground coal miners to be able to understand Instructions given In English. The new rule only calls for an imperfect understanding of the 'general conditions of safe colliery work. It may exclude some Chinamen 'and a few Japanese. Yet 'Mr. iMacready admits'-that a percentage\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdhe wisely abstains from suggesting what percentage\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdof Chinese and Japanese colliery labor as dunger- anous. It is clear that unless an Act be passed requiring'-a much closer acquaintance with rules and regulations.print ed In English, than that for which tin vague decision of Mr. iMacready calls, the miners of Vancouver Island will be more and more Hooded by cheap Orien till labor to the exclusion of the white worker. JAPANESE TJIMIGUATION. The Japanese are now entering our 'Province by hundreds* at a time, and though often dangerous and unskilled workers\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdas the numerous accidents amongst themselves prove\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdare rapidly ousting the white worker from many of our leading industries, fishing, turn bering and coal mining and railroad construction work, being notable Instances in point. They accomplish this by selling their latior for a, mere song. It consequently is clear, if the white worker, has to have a fair chance in a land ombis own, that something must-be donet to restrict the intlux of Orientals, who are ready to live under the most sordid conditions and accept half the 'living 'wage of ourselves. A good case can therefore Hbe made for reasonable restriction of Japanese immigration, and we Relieve .'that if the Laurier government Is really in earnest in support of the reasonable claims of Canadian labor, it can without great trouble make arrangements or convention with the Japanese Imperial government to restrict the amount of emigration from the country with British Columbia, . One of the unfortunate features in connection with, the abortive session of the .Legislature was the postponement of legislation sought \"for by some of our local unions. This was notubl*- the case with regard to the Sunday closing of barber shops':; That such a law should have to be placed in the\\by-laws of the city is lamentable. ButWnves- tigatlon shows that In so far as^Van1- couver Is concerned it is all caused by the obstinacy of one man.ONow w.hat are the facts of the case. At the pres^ ent time barbers work from S in the morning until S at night, and 12 on Saturday. On week days this allows them .very .little time that they may enjoy themselves or spend with their families. If we add' to this .from S a.m. to .1 p.m. on Sundays, we find that this class of: workmen are practically working all the time. I don't know whether you would call this slavery, but it is powerfully near it. 'A short time ago it was decided that all barbers' shops close their doors Sunday. This would give a full day of rest to both proprietors and men. It was a perfectly reasonable and commendable move, and received the endorsement of almost all the shops In the city. But there wasone-black sheep. One man in his obstinacy\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdfor it was nothing else \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdmust threaten the efficacy of the :mbver77THls=hWiriwas;^MF^Bambe5W Now he had a perfect legal right to do it. but what must all fair-minded men think of him. The mere statement of the case carries, with it its' own condemnation. But let the barbers bide their time and this man will be compelled to close by force of law. a banquet In honor of Mr. Puttee, M. P., labor representative for Winnipeg. It is proposed to get assurance of sulfiV eient financial assistance to give a banquet worthy of unionism in Ottawa before [extending Mr. Puttee the invi- tntlon.'i The genial M. P. has visited severnl^unions since the louse opened and has' made himself popular with everyone with whom he has come In contact\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdOttawa Journal. ' Just think of the privilege of Walking Into the polling booth and registering your mark opposite the names of Eugene V-, Debs for president of the nation, and Joe Harrlman for, vice- president. It Is the first time the writer has been truly sorry for the existence of an International boundary, line \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdbetween the United States and Can- .'ula.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdThe Voice. Our esteemed eon- temporary must be careful, for we may lie called names by our friends the enemy. Annexationists, for instance. Whey you buy goods advertised In The Independent tell the dealer you saw his ad. A large number of tickets have heen disposed of for the first annual ball of the .Trades\"and Labor council, which will be held on, Easter Monday, April 16th, in O'Brien's hall. A big time is promised. \\j The strike in Kootenay and- Slocan mining districts, although settled, the trouble Is by no means over. Some of the companies have agents in the States, especially Minnesota, engaging non-English speaking foreigners. The Western Federation of Miners, however, are not going to permit themselves to lie driven out of their own country in this^mannei-. The agitation tor the amendment and enforcement of the alien labor law Is going to be carried right home. The lockout of the Winnipeg leather workers is at an end. It was a complete victory for the union. As the voice says:-): \"Winnipeg !'is a city oC brotherhoods and unions.\" . The Winnipeg Tribune deserves some credit for opposing the C. P. It. gridiron for the province, but it thinks it may be good enough for the city. Well, when a man rides on a pass, saving him hundreds of'dollars, some small consideration, some appreciation is expected in return. No man can accept a gift of such value without placing himself under obligation. Mr. Puttee rode to Ottawa upon a ticket he purchased with his own. money. The' Hon. Mr. F;;: Carter-Cotton, leader of the_ provincial party, is out with a lengthy platformi this week. A Vancouver youth, wtib.yiSjnot so slow, says that the threih chief.^things that Ireland Js noted for -are 'British generals, potatoes and whisky. Our school teachers should devote a Utile' more time to Irish history. Mr. 'N. Thompson, of Hardle '\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd& Thompson; reports business good. These gentlemen are 'first-class, marine and general consulting^.', mechanical' engineers. They also are the patentees and designers i.of the 'Hardie-Thomp- son water tube J, boiler, new high speed reversing engines, and special machinery in light sections for mines. The place of business is 520 Cordova street west. :' .' ' .',' '\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd :o:: : NATIONAL DEBT AS VIEWED WOMAN'S WAGES. The following conversation took place not long ago between the writer and a large employer of woman labor: Said he: \"You agitators must stop saying we do .not pay livings wages to our women employees.\" In reply, the writer said: \"I will leave you to answer as to, the truthtulnessof our statements; how much do you pay your girls?\" Said the employer: ,-t'Many of my girls get JS to $9 a week.\" :\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd When pressed to state the number, he had to confess that there were only six or eight in the three hundred. In reply to the question, how many get By Mr. J. Morrison Davidson, B. L, of London. Author of Ihe Annals of Toil, Ihc Old Order and the New. Ihe New Book ol Kings, ftc. \"This Is the history of Governments\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd one man does something which Is toiblnd another. A man who caiinot1''be acquainted with me taxes me\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdordains that part of my labor shall go to tills or that whimsical end, not as 1, but as he happens to fancy. Behold the consequences. Of all debts men are least willing to pay the taxes. What a satire Is this on government! Everywhere they think they get their money's worth except for.these.\" \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdliulph Waldo Emerson. ~ '* \"It Is very tempting to a Minister to' use such an expedient ns enables him to .make a great figure, during his administration without burdening the pe07>le witb- tw'xes, or exciting any immediate clamour against himself. The practice, therefore, of contracting debt will almost Infallibly be abused by i.every government. It would scarcely be more prudent to give a iprodigal son a credit at every banker's In London than to empower a statesman to draw bills in this manner on posterity.\" \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdDavid Hume: \"Essay on Public -Credit.\" \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\"l'n general the art of government consists in taking as much money as possible from one part of the-citizens to give It to another.\"\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdVoltaire. . \"Government is the great blackmailer.\" -Buckle. > ,, The Chancellor of the Exchequer's War Budget is not'-difficult'to summarize. The 'Rhodes-Chamberlain-Mll- rier-Shylock \"leettle bill'.', of South African extras' for 1900-1901 amounts roundly to \ufffd\ufffd60,000,000!> ;i And of this sum it is proposed ,.to raise:\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd BY LOAN. Suspension Sinking ' .' . , Fund ......\ufffd\ufffd 4,010,000 Now Loans.. .4:1,000,000 BY TAXATION. '\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd47,010,000 Income Tax.. .. . Contract Notes..;. Beer .. .... .. .'. Spirits.. .. ;\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd .. .. Tobacco.. .... .. .. 6,500,000 150,0(10 -..'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd' 1,752,000 .. 1,015,000 Vc-'c .. 1,110,000 \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'. '\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \"ij 0 12,517,000 \ufffd\ufffd59,937,000 '.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd:\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd' A POOR 'COMPROMISE. . The decision of- Mr. Macready, the umpire In the reference to arbitration concerning the Coal .Mines regula'ton as to foreign labor and certain other matters in controversy; Is.on the main point a halting and \"and unsatisfactory compromise, from the standpoint of white,. laJbor. [Mr. Macready regards as too strict and rigid, the regulation INDEPENDENT ITEMS. San Francisco unions are agitating to build a hall. In this regard Vancouver leads the van on the coast. Seattle has- formed- a Waitresses' union, with a membership of 05 working girls. Let organiser Watsqn move In this direction In Vancouver. TV.'G. Armstrong, const organiser of the American Federation of Labor, Is the right man for the Job. He and his Seattle deputy, W. H, Middleton, nre making a record to be proud of.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd Seattle,Union Record. Editor Rice is right. The Union Record says that it's all right to \"strike while the Iron Is hot,\" but In-labor troubles it will not do to strike while the men are hot. The fishermen of this district ore progressing. In organising a larger union. All fishermen should attend the meeting on Saturday night. Already a. strong membership roll has been signed. '.,.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd-. The Bakers' and Confectioners' union of Winnipeg are making good progress in pushing the union laoel. The bakers of this city too are in a, strong position. - The several unions visited by officials of the Allied Trades and Liibor association has responded nobly to the ap'peal for co-operation In getting up only from $1 to $3 per week, he said there was a considerable number of those, but they were apprentices, or girls who were unusually;-slow, '-and therefore they were exceptions and should not be counted; then he was made to confess that the very-high .wage girls were also exceptions for the reason that they were experts and far above the possible average in speed. It was then agreed that the large majority of girls were average workers and-their-wages^vas^iper-week.-Ihenj the question was put: Do you think the girls educated In our city schools can live as they ought to live on $4 per week?\" He replied: \"No, they can not; but,\" said he, \"many girls do not depend entirely on their wages for.a living; most of them live at-home or have brothers or relatives who assist them.\" \"Then,\" I said, \"it follows that you are not paying a living wage; you are not paying all the labor cost of making your goods. These girls' relations and friends'are paying part of it.\" He said that he had never looked at It In that light. We then asked: \"Where do the girls go for work'who are compelled to pay all their living expenses with their wages, and in reply to this, he said: \"God only knows; they do not come to this factory.\" This is a true picture of woman's labor to-day. The women who take the places of men In our stores, offices and factories are largely girls who get part of their living elsewhere, and they can nfford to work for from $1 to $3 per week. The women who depend on their own efforts for their whole existence are compelled to work In some one's kitchen or sell their virtue for part of the price; of existence. If the good people who so much deplore the rapid demoralization of woman, both in virtue and love of home and motherhood, would change the tendency, they must begin at this point. The husband's and father's ability to keep the woman In the home where she belongs Is diminished by woman's taking his place in the shop at less wages, thereby cutting his wages and reducing his chance for a Job, the women themselves making wages\" by that means drive the weaker natures to sell their persons for a better' existence, and he who blames them is both cruel and unjust.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdEx. It will thus be seen- that,'roughly speaking, one-fifth is, raised by taxation, four-fifths by borrowing. Of the taxation, halt Is direct and half indirect. Truly, \"Is there no new thing under the sun.\" By leaps and bounds we are getting back to the hopeless days of reaction \"when George the Third was King\" and \"Pitt the Bottomless\" ruled the national roost with the nation\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd nineteen-twentieths of the people including the entire body of the workers \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdseverely left out, Rhodes has just told us that \"the Hag is a commercial asset\" of unsurpassed value to \"Do Beers\" and the \"Chartereds,\"- and he Is right. It belongs to the robber \"classes\" and can never be. said to have had any national significance whatever. It Is long since shrewd old Cobbett noted the suspicious adjectival use of \"national\" in respect of that monstrous imposture, our alleged \"Nat-'onal Debt.\" Everything of,any consequence in this bedevilled land of ours is notoriously _ \"Her Majesty's\"\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\"Her Majesty's Army,\" \"Her Majesty's Navy,\" \"Her Majesty's Ministry,\" nay (save the mark!)), \"Her Majesty's Opposition!\" Why then,' in , the : name of wonder, should we not say \"Her Majesty's Debt,\" seeing that It, at least, is unquestionably hers and that of the \"Classes\" which she personifies. The truth is, it is impossible to conceive of anything more utterly and indeed feloniously Un-natlonal than this same \"National\" Debt. Until the Reform Act-.; of'1832 even the Middle Class cannot be held so much as constructively responsible for contracting it. It was remorselessly piled up by kings and landlords exclusively in their own Interests, real or supposed, and against that of the British people Whom they 'Shamelessly=saddled\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdwith^lt.^to^hsi toast, \"A. Long War and a Short CrOp!\" :::.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd,. (if, : . And further, the new Rhodeslan War Loan, announced in Parliament by ths Chancellor of the Exchequer, last Monday, is almost equally a fraud on the \"Masses.\" The war was plotted In the penetralia of the Colonial OHlce and Parliament itself could notoriously do little more than register the behests of Rhodes, Belt, Barnato, Eckstein, Goetz, Albu, and other fine old pedigree \"Gentlemen of England\" to whose representations the Colonial Secretary has naturally lent a willing car. Cobbett thus lucidly explains . the funding system, or as it has been more intelligibly, If less pompously termed, \"War upon Tie\":\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd They (the \"classes\") therefore passed a law (after the expulsion'of the Stuarts) to enable themselves to borrow money of rich 'people, anil by the same law they imposed It on the people at large to pay for ever the Interests of the money so by them borrowed. The money which they thus borrowed they spent In wars, or divided among themselves, In one .shape or another The funds is no place at all, Jock. It Is moonshine. It Is a. lie, a bauble, a. fraud a'cheat; a humbug. People think that \"funds\" is a place where money Is kept. It means the descriptions of several sorts of debt. \" To be a little more specific: During the\" Feudal Period .[.'wars on tic\" were unknown. It never occurred to anyone in those unenlightened days to tax unborn generations for their follies and crimes of their ancestors. The king was supposed to be the sole owner of air the land of the country\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd to be the nation personified. From him the great Baron's- held directly large tracts of the Royal domain, and these in turn made similar grants to sub-tenants, who thus held indirectly 1 from the King, or War Lord. But all paid rent to the Crown or State us military tenants. ' Latterly, rwhen money payments in lieu of personal campaigning were resorted to, a Duke was supposed to hoi! from 27,000 to 32,000 acres of the yearly value of \ufffd\ufffd800, of which \ufffd\ufffd200, or one- fourth, was due to the Crown. An Earl's estate ranged from 13,600 acres .to 16,000, and was valued at \ufffd\ufffd400, whereof the Crown claimed .C100. similarly, a Huron held 10,600 acres, value .C265, Crown dues \ufffd\ufffd65 5s. A simple Knight held from 660 to 800 acres, valued at \ufffd\ufffd20, rent \ufffd\ufffd5. Under these circumstances,, wars were necessarly of short duration, because men had to return to cultivite their lands, Inasmuch as without cultivation warlike supplies could not possibly be obtained, and the maintenance of huge standing armies was out of the question. Let us note, for a moment, the steps by which the -Sutherlands- and Buc- cleuchs, the Sallsburys and the Devon- shires, divested themselves ofi^iheir onerous military obligations to the State and saddled the people with the monstrous burden of the UnnatloiiSl Debt. ,..-:\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd . -'.':-' v At the \"Blessed Restoration\" (l'JCO)) they passed a Bill converting, the nation's lands into private, property. From being rent-paying, tenants or mere land holders they blossomed forth tor the first time as landowners.c In 16S8 they .made a \"Glorious Revolution\" and destroyed the supremacy of the Crown whose functions they usurped. In 1703 they got rid of Annual parliaments and passed the Triennial Act. (They had previously disallowed paid membership.) In 1716 they abolished the Triennial Act and passed the Septennial Act. Originally there was none Hut a residential qualification needed-for the exercise of the Parliamentary Franchise; but now, what with one restriction and another, it had come to this, tl)Ut in a House of Commons conslstlng\\of 658 members, 306 were returned by lfoAelec- tors mostly peers! In Scotland v('here were but 2,652 voters air told. Need we wonder then that the Land Tax' in the present year of grace Is but a little1- over \ufffd\ufffd1,000,000 Instead of, say, \ufffd\ufffd40,-N 000,000? Indeed, at the time when nearly the whole of the \"National\" Debt was contracted, the nation had no more say In the matter than the moujtks over the Government of Holy Russia at this hour. They were simply \"not in it,\" and we, their offspring, cannot by any sophistry be held responsible for the wicked\" fraud and blood-guilt of so' wretched an Oligarchy. They did evil with unsparing assiduity; but a few exiguous details must here suffice:\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd In 1688 William III and his Whig advisers Introduced the \"War on tic\" system. They raised in taxation \ufffd\ufffd12,000,- 000, and borrowed \ufffd\ufffd20,000,000, and on this latter sum, the interest at 3 1-2 per,cent., up to 1S80 amounted to.jeitfj,- 000,000. 1712 the War of the Spanish Succession closed. It left a debt'-of \ufffd\ufffd32,500.- 000, Interest whereof calculutod. n\ufffd\ufffd above, \ufffd\ufffd184,625,000. In 1739 came another Spanish war; debt, \ufffd\ufffd29,000,000. Interest paid thereon, \ufffd\ufffd152,300,000. In 1756 a war with France left a debt of \ufffd\ufffd60,000,000; interest \ufffd\ufffd247,900,000. The War of American Independence cost us \ufffd\ufffd104,000.000 In debt and \ufffd\ufffd353,- 500,000 In Interest. ' In the war waged to suppress the French -'Revolution: (1803) ; \ufffd\ufffd201,000,000 were borrowed. Interest, \ufffd\ufffd703,500,000. The Napoleonic wars followed. They left an Indebtedness of \ufffd\ufffd589,000,000. Interest whereon already paid \ufffd\ufffd1,594,000,- opo!; \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd In 1S17, at the close, of the Napoleonic struggle, this colossal'creation of rascality closely approached \ufffd\ufffd900,000,000 of blood-money\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdthe blood, for.the most part, of \"ipeopfes rightly struggling to be free.\" Since then the principal has been reduced at the rate of about \ufffd\ufffd3.- 000,000 per annum, but it still stands at something like \ufffd\ufffd635,000,000, notwithstanding the fact that the whole has already been paid thrice over In usury. If there were a labor leader in the House of Commons worthy .of the name he would make it his first duty to move that \"inasmuch as the so-callr ed 'National' Debt was never contracted by the Nation\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdwhich notwithstanding has already been Iniqultously coerced Into paying it thrice over\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdno further payment, whether of principal oT\"interest7=shall=henceforth=be=-l(.gally exigible from the taxpayers.\" The best way to silence the clamor of the jingoes is to insist on the repudiation of the unnational debt, stock, lock, and barrel. That is an argument which would come home With force even to my Lord Rothehlld In the fullest plenitude of his loathsome shekels. And not merely has the unnational debt been discharged long ago, but much of the coin never even found its way to the Exchequer, in no case did the original consoi-holders pay \ufffd\ufffd100 for \ufffd\ufffd100 in national stock. They mostly paid down bu't \ufffd\ufffd60: but to-day, nevertheless, the swindled and sweated \"masses' arc paying Interest not on the actual \ufffd\ufffd60 but 'on the supposed \ufffd\ufffd100, nt; the rate of some \ufffd\ufffd24,000,000 per annum. \ufffd\ufffd Moreover, the army contracting swindles of the war debt period were beyond belief, and even the members of the House of Commons not Infrequently participated In the \"swag.\" For example, In 1781 the Government were uncertain whether they should be able to secure a;majority In the Commons In favor of continuing the unholy war which lost us the noblest Inheritance on earth, the United states of America. There was that year a loan of \ufffd\ufffd12,000,000 and \ufffd\ufffd650,000 of the stock was distributed among members of the House of Commons, In some cases' in sums of \ufffd\ufffd25,000 each, to enable the\\ Government to carry on the horrible fratricidal warfare. Nor is\/it permissible for us to flatter ourselves that such evil deed3.and evil doers are no longer possible. \"Privy Councillor\" Cecil Rhodes, \"D. C. L..\" is an infinitely greater and more brazen rascal', than ever was Clive or Hastings, anil his. backers, in. Parliament, pulpit aSd press are more powerful and shameless by many degrees than were ever known before. The man ,\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd who, in the No Inquiry Committee \"' A Montreal despatch says that opetv ntors find agents on the western OH vision of the Canadian: Pacific railwaji from Fort William to Vancouver, and\" branches, have served notice upon Mrl Whyte, western general manager, thau they will present a new schedule of! Increase in salaries. The rate of pay! on the western division is deemed hvf sufficient by the men. The western, members of parliament! are signing a petition to the govern-J ment, asking that means be sought to] stop the Importing of contract laboij either by enforcing the alein labO law, or so amending it to meet th ease as deemed necessary. The Voice says that an ox neve| Jolns=a-unlonrnor=tloe5=an-as3f:eithei the two or the four-legged kind. From a labor man's point of \\le\\& of all the papers from the east thtl Winnipeg Voice gives the best.OttawiT parliamentary report\/ A political party Is Just what Its! Platform ot principles embody, amO nothing else. Its name don't amourif to shucks. In this province the tlmei| Is fast approaching when there wlltS be but two political parties,' nmnclxT the capitalist and labor parties. Aflj move Is being made already In thlnf direction by the miners and mine.-T owners of the great Interior. Read It. Mills' ad. elsewhere In thl| paper. This enterprising merchant j making a specialty In men's hoatitSni shoes, lie Is nil right. r The Executive of the Local Connci of Women will be held In the room of the Art. Historical and Scientific Assoclf ntion, Granville Street, at 3.30 o'clock oq Monday afternoon. A UXIQUK INDUSTRY. Kx-pri'sldent GvnrKU Irvine of thcTnuliw audi Lilmr I'oiinnll is busy these'line days iimkini; outdoor viimj's in I'ortliuul cement work. TIicmJ flower pots show ns line workmanship ns mu)f bo found iiiiywliere, and speaks volumes fuf the .-kill <>f that gcntletiiun >u< \ufffd\ufffd mechanic. Tlu \\ am when placed on the lawn <>r garden stjiniU three feet \ufffd\ufffdlx inches high. The bavin, whicg holds thuearth, la Hi Inches la diameter-111 nine Indies deep. . They arc made in %\\t shapes, namely, circular and octiipih. Thej vntjcs. may be used in various ways, as they 11 impel vli>us to weather. For instance th| tnay be placed in stcrus, windows, small frog gardens, and the like. Persons winning to < eorate their prem'.bcs with natural llowd should call on Mr. Irvine, wIiomi place is in mediately in the rear of the World office hull* iiib'.'\" SATURDAY..,, r\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd-\ufffd\ufffd*\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd' '.MAITOH 3f, 1900 THE INDEPENDENT AN INTERESTING SUBJECT Carefully Handled by Mr. Watson. ;. J. H. Wages and Profits: from Whence Do They Came Was Discusfced in Open Meeting. II. Watson gave the following at a recent Wednesday night of the Trades and Labor The subject was: \"Wages From Whence do they Mr. J. address meeting council, and Profits; Come:\" What we all stand in need of in this unsettled age, is the knowledge of a few elementary principles of political -economy. Be not frightened at tho words. It is only the capitalist who trys to make It difficult of understanding that the very mentioning ot them is expected to throw the working man into a palpitation of the heart. The subjects when looked into thoroughly arc easy of understanding, t think. The first point that a working man should be clear upon is this: What is the source ot the wages he receives; what 13 the source of the profits his employer lives on? The following argument was heard one day between two workingmen, one a socialist, the other not. The workingman net a socialist said: \"Do I understand you rightly; that you. socialists want to abolish the capitalists' class?\" Socialist\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'Thats' what we are af- . ter.\" Workingman\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\"You are? Then I don't want any of you. Why, even .now, my wages are small; even now, I can barely get along. If you abolish the capitalist I'll have nothing; there will be nobody to support me.\" Who knows how many workingmen here to-night are typified by the workingman in this argument? When on pay day. you reach out your horny, unwashed hand, it is empty. When you take it back again, your wages are on it. Hence the belief that the capitalist is the source of your living, that he is your bread- giver, your supporter. This, gentlemen, is an error. Its an optical delusion. If early in the morning, you go to the top of some house and look eastward, it will seem to you that the sun moves -and that you are standing still, indeed this was the accepted belief at one time. But it was an error, based upon.an optical delusion.' So long as the error prevailed, the science could hardly make any progress. Humanity, virtually stood still. Not until the delusion was discovered and the error overthrown; not until It was aseertaln- \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd ed that things were Just the other way. that th* sun stood still,,and that It was our planet that moved at\"a breakneck rate of speed, was any real progress possible. So likewise with this delusion about the source of our wages. You \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdcannot budge, you cannot move one \" step forward unless you discover that, in this respect also, the facts are just the reverse of the appearance; that It is not the capitalist who support the workmen, but the -workingman who supports the capitalist; that it is not the capitalist who gives bread to the workingmen. but the workingmen who gives himself a dry crust, and sumptuously stocks the table of the capitalist. 'This, gentlemen, is a cardinal point In political economy, and this is the point 1 wish to establish firmly in your minds. Some ot you may say: I can't see how that can be; can you prove it. I think the following Illustration will prove this satisfactorily to all fair- minded men. Say that 1 own $100,000. Don-t ask me where I got It; It you do. I would have to answer you in the language of all capitalists, that such a question is not a fair one, that you must not look into the source of this\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdmy original ac- -fcumulatlon. Presently 1 will itako you into my confidence. For the present I shall draw down the blinds and keep out your curiosity. Suffice it to say I have' $100,000. and am a capitalist. Now I may not know much; no capitalist does; but 1 know a few things, and \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd anions .them is a little plain arithmetic. ~~1\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdtake a'penclf \"an d'lniT-down-'on-a sheet of paper \"$100,000.\" Having determined that I shall need at least $5,- 000 a year to live with comfort. I divide the $100,000 by $5,000: the quotient is 20. My hair then begins to stand on end. 'The 20 tells me that If I'pull $5,000'an- nually out of my $100,COO at the end of . 20 years my $100,000 will be all.gone. At the beginning of the Sls't'ycaiv'hriv- ing nothing, I would have to go to work it I wanted to live! No capitalist relishes that thought. .He will tell you, and pay his'politicians, professors and'political parsons,- to tell you that \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdLabor is honorable.\" He Is perfectly willing to let you have that undivided honor, and will do all he can that you may not be deprived of 'any pnrt of It; but as to himself, he has for work ii constitutional aversion; the capitalist runs away from work like the man bitten by a mad dog runs awny from water. I want to live without work on my. $100,000, and yet keep my capital untouched. If you ask any farmer, he will tell you that it he invests In a Durham cow, she will yield him a supply of 16 quarts of milk per day, but after a -while the supply dwindles down and down until she goes dry, and a new cdw has to be \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdgot. But I aim at making my capital a sort ot $100,000 cow, \"which I shall annually be able to milk out of $5,C00 IwRhoult her ever running dry. I want in short, to perform the proverbially impossible 'teal of eating my 'cake, and yet have it. Tho capitalist system performs the feat for me. How? I go to a broker. I say: 'Mr. Broker, 1 have $100,000; I want you to. invest \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdthat for me . I don't tell him I have any special liking for any special kind \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd ot stock; no. I leave the choosing with him.. The only directions I give him Is to get the stock In such a corporation as will pay the highest dlvl idends. My broker has a list ot all of these corporations, and a certain cotton mill is among them; he makes the choice, say, of the cotton mill. I hire a vault in a sate deposit company, and I put my stock Into It. I lock It up, put the key In my pocket, and I go and have a good time. If It is too cold In the north, 1 go to the south; If It is too hot there, 1 go to some other place: occasionally 1 take a spin across the Atlantic and run the gauntlet of all the'gun-ibllng dens of Ktirope; 1 spend my time with fast horses and faster women. 1 never put my foot inside the factory.that J hold stock In; I don't even come to the 'town In which it Is located and yet, lo and'behold, a miracle takes place. Those of you versed \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd In Bible lore surely have read or heard about the miracle that God performed when the Jews were in the desert and about to die of hunger. It Is said that God opened the skies and let manna come. But tho J;ews .had to get up early In the morning, before the sun rose; It they overslept themselves the' sun '.would melt the m'anha, and they would nave nothing to eat' They hail to get up. early and go out, and stoop down 'and pick of the manna, and .put lit in baskets and take it to their tents and eat it. With the appearance of the, imanna'on earth the miracle ended..But the miracles that happen In this capitalist system of production are so wonderful that those recorded in the Bible Uon'thold a candle to them. The Jews had to do some work, tout I, stock holding capitalist, need do no work at'all. 1 can turn night Into day, and day Into night. I can lie flat on my backall day and all night; and every three \"months my m'anna comes down to me in tlie shape of dividends. Where does it come from? What docs that divl- Uend represent? (To be continued.) RISE OF TRADES UNIONISM. UTTERS TO THE EDITOR. VACCINATION. ' Editor Independent: Permit me before going into the subject of my letter to Wish, you . every success in your venture, and I hope The Independent will long remain in the true sense of theWord, independent. At this present moment, Mr. Editor, we are having the words of the old song put yery plainly before us. The words are: \"The justice of England; this free and happy land.\" The justice of England, I cannot understand. There's justice for;the rich and poor, both tell their different tale. But the rich man always seems to get the balance of the scale. \"On the'.15th. of February -last an order-In-' council was passed requiring teachers of the schools to see that all scholars ,had a certificate from a duly qualified doctor that they had been successfully vaccinated. Now,.; comes the 'point: They: enforced this with regard to the public schools, but how about the private .schools. They.were forgotten. I do! not wish'\"to ;say. the}officials' were not; doing their duty,'but, Mr.-Editor, it;iooks Ukei'It. Furthermore, if a few men. composing .the medical health board! Can override;; our school trustees, then 1 say it :is time we done away with direct vote-,:of the people, as'far as that is concerned.. I!went to the 'city hall on the!ISthNlast -to hear, as I had been led to suppose, a lot of fanatics. Mr. Editor, I never struck wiser fanatics in my life. A-The Rev. Mr. Simmons stated the facts and quoted! figures so ably that I come, to .the conclusion.i\ufffd\ufffd\"that gentleman is a fanatic, then It is a pity, there are:so.fei.v. I cannot go into the pros and consot\" vaccination, as if I were arnedical man. But it seems to me a strange mode of procedure to: copy a law from the mother country and not copy the whole of it. As far as I can remember, the act quoted.\" In. the order-in-council, passed last February, was an act passed in the old country In 18.71.' The People of the mother land have tried that act for a considerable number of years and found it: a failure. Now, |.Mr. \"Editor, it does not seem, In.my.humble opinion, .that we .are the progressive people we claim to be in copying an act which has proved'beyond a doubt to be a failure. Then again the old country act does: not, as far as I can remember, interfere with a >> child's schooling. Probably this letter will be, the means of stalling a series of letters' on this subect. I have strong conscientious scruples against compulsory \"vlKinHtioira\"ndiiI\"think-with=the=Revr Mr. Simmons that we should be conceded the same British rights that our fellow-countrymen are allowed at home. That will not prevent those in favor of Vaccination carrying it out. 1 think it is generally conceded that it is not a preventative\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdthat a person, who hits been vaccinated, is not so badly,'marked as one who has not been vaccinated, in the event ot them having smallpox. Now, Mr. Editor, f .think that our powers that be wlll'do^well to finish copying the old country act, that! will'not cause any. Ill-feeling on either side. Thanking you In anticipation. I am, yours truly, - J. MORTON. Vancouver. Mt. Pleasant,. March 20, 1900. \" ' J THE TEN-C1SNT SWAVE. They found'him In the gutter In n most appalling state: Ills face was cut and bleeding; j-Ils, sufferings were great; Said one: \"Some foul assassin Tried to send him to his grave. \" But between his groans he muttered. '\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \"Cwus a. ten-cent shave.\" A crowd began to gather, \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdAnd then two .policemen came; They, tried'for*many imlnutcs To-, ascertain his name. An ambulance was sent for; He continued still to rave. And the only words ho uttered Were, \"A ten-cent shave.\" It proved (sad to relate) To be Ills final ride, For when he reached the hospital 1 \"Ewas found that he had died The coroner held an Inquest, And tho verdict that he gave Was: \"This man has been the victim Of a. ten-cent shave?\" \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdBy Unionist. The question of questions for the workers\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdthe basic problems In which they are the most vitally interested\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd is how to secure a sufficiency of food, clothing and shelter? This Is.the labor question, tho so-called' \"social problem,\" reduced to Its simplest form. It is evident, however, that ns the workers are social beings, and not mere individuals, that the \"sulllbiency\" above referred to must be adequate to, the requirements of family life and the leisure necessary to intellectual and moral progress. As; a fact cajiable of historic proof, the trade union has solved this question, In every age and country, whenever and wherever It has been efficiently:'organized. Each succeeding age, however, brings new conceptions, new aspirations and new wants, and thus the trade union to-day, as In the past, Is engaged In the solution of a problem which, in a progressive state of society, must necessarily be,periodically posed .and solved. It is essential that it be clearly understood that the problem In question Is one relating to a progressive, not a fixed state ot society; and,( therefore, those who think that it is possible to solve this problem for once, and all are evidently harboring a chimera. It is, then, to the nature and extent of modern \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd Industrial progress that we desire to direct attention, and thereby show the necessity of a further and speedy advance on the part of the workers. . The grand series of physical scientific discoverers, dating from the time of Galileo, had paved the way, by the middle of the eighteenth century, for a class of skillful civil and mechanical engineers, whose talents were soon extensively engaged in the development of the means of communication. The great advantages that were to Immediately result from such Improvements will be recognised when we state, firstly, that the abuses connected with the masters' trade unions, the so-called \"guilds,\" had driven away many Important manufactures from the corporate cities to remote inland villages and townships,' far from the usual tracks of trade. ''And, secondly, that,In these remote localities, during many generations, the industrial activity of numberless skilled craftsmen who owned their own tools and worked for their own profit had 'been restricted by. the limited demand of certain local markets, -which were almost impassably separated from . each other by the wretched condition of the roads. - The growth of scientific knowledge, however, was destined to eventually destroy that state of local isolation. Accordingly we find that in the year 1766 Manchester and Liverpool were united by a canal, and that during the remainder ofvthat.century';the,, construction and Improvement of waterways was conducted with most remarkable energy.:' Smalt manufacturers in . many hitherto isolated places now found easy: access to seaports, to new markets and to unlimited supplies of raw materials\/ The first .years of the present century also saw the high-, roads ot the,more advanced industrial countries brought to a 'state'-of- great perfection. But ;berore that second grand improvement had reached its highest excellence, the railroad, the result of the previous sixty years' improvement of the steam engine, was introduced. Ten years after the, building of the.' first railways,' tha't Is-In . 1S40. the present Cunard line, the first regular steamship line between Europe and America, was established, and since that time! the uttermost parts of the earth have been brought, by means of steam and electricity, Into regular and almost instantaneous inter-communl- catioh. Thus, within: a period almost covered by the life of this republic, the economic system has .received an extension truly marvellous; it has evolved from the nearly purely local character It had. at the beginning ot-'-.hat period, and Is now more and more rapidly tending to become not merely International, but planetary\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdto'.. become one and indivisible throughout the world. ','As a direct consequence of this ever-Increasing extension of the market, the manufacturing system has undergone a corresponding.progressive transformation. The division of labor, which had but slowly Increased in previous centuries, received an immonse Impetus jwhen the demand of. .wider ~\" \" the\" culated to protect their Interests as wage-workers. It was inevitable that such discussions should result In the formation of .trades unions; and It Is \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdnot surprising tha't such unions were (modelled on the pattern of the secret societies of Journeymen, which, In the corporate cities, had long maintained existence. The-chief characteristic of isuch societies! as we well know, was the strictly local extent ot their jurisdiction at first. Before the railway committee last week the Comox and Cape Scott railway propostlon came up. A charier Is Bought to build a line of railway extending to the north ot Vancouver island. James Dunsinulr Is the first hamed shareholder. The bill, clause 1, placed the capital stock of the company at ten million ot dollars. Power was also sought to bond the road lit twenty thousand a mile. The promoter .said that the length of the road \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdwould probably be about two hundred miles. The stock and bonds would amount to seventy thousand per mile at this calculation, but It is stated that the road would not exceed one hundred and fifty miles In, extent. It was i claimed that it was a mountainous) country and difficult to build In, but the!-, committee cut oft four millions from the capital stock. Mr. Mcinnes (moved to add.a clause prohibiting the employment of Chinamen In the construction of the road. He .said that .he had understood that the company had agreed to this clause a few days previous, but the promoter now said that he had Instructions that It could not ,be accepted. Mcinnes said that a similar clause was included in all provincial charters. He did not include Japanese because the government have stated that they cannot consider any Japanese restrictions at present; Puttee, Winnipeg, pointed out that this was purely a provincial line, and the wishes of the province should be considered. He believed that opinion was such that the people of that province would1 rather see the charter refused than that Chinese labor should be employed. The Diins- mulrs had shown In the management of their mines that they would. encourage the employment of Chinamen. Several members intimated that they had an open mind' on the subject and Would like to see it discussed in the House, and .Mcinnes urged the committee to accept the clause and report it to the house, but as 'there'-!was too much opposition the bill was held for further.consideration. \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd-, Shoes Men Wo liiivo tho-exclusivo'f' soliinii; aireiiov of \"the . . ' l'A(!KAKII SHOE ami tho .. . mimo alone implies the best there is in 'Shoos. ..-. \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'\".'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd - PACKARD SHOES have for years been pre-eminently .the distinct leaders in the. United States, and in introducing them we feel as though they were not an experiment, but\"ini reality the. ..BEST'SHOE maim factured. We have them in all styles\"'and leather\" at ft*,* Mr. ^ MUm H ^ ,ftCordov- \"markets permitted the gathering of large numbers of workers in' one common work shop. Apart from the greater division of labor, the chief characteristic of these \"factories,\" as the new work shops were soon called, was the employment of Improved and costly impllments, propelled by other power than the muscles of the operators. These motors, which successively superseded the use of human muscles, were horses, water, and then steam. The use of horse and water power had but little influence In concentrating the workers;, but with the use of steam there came a decided tendency to centralize the machines and their operators In towns. , The result ot these Industrial changes was a great Increase'of wealth In the new manufacturing centra*. That Increase, however, was ot little \"benefit to the workers, as It was almost entirely devoted by the employers and the financiers to further extend their operations. With the extension of the factory system to one. trade-after another, larger and larger numbers of the independent workers wore left Idle, while ever Increasing numbers of women and children were employed. The hours of labor were Inordinately prolonged, the wages of adult labor constantly tended downward, while the cost of living was enormously Increased by long and costly wars. Under such terrible conditions, the manufacturing workers, the independent skilled workers of aforetime, when they compared, their altered condition with that of the past, could not but feel that progress was a'fearful curse. But, with the growing centralization of the workers In town, came the opportunities for the interchange of views and the discussion of measures cal- IKDUSTBIAIi SITUATION. Bradstreets'. this week sizes up the industrial situation as follows: Nothing to equal the fatuity of the master spirits of the striking machinists at Chicago and elsewhere has been witnessed since the great strike of engineers in England somef years ago. A closer resemblance,,\ufffd\ufffdin fact, : obtains than appears on! the fact of it, because the term, engineer. . in .England; r.eally means much the same thing as does machinist here. As., in the English strike, unionism is the moving cause of'the trouble,, and the refusal of the employers to allow the management of their works to pass to the walking dele- Sates and the organizers, of the unions is the main reason for the strike, hours worked and wages paid not cutting as prominent a figure. :In the.matter.of the.Cleveland strike and those threatened elsewhere,, sympathy with the strikers in Chicago Is the cause given for! \"quitting .work.. As illustrative of the spirit animating the strikers, it might be added that they express confidence in carrying their point because the employers are pressed with work that must be done, and will not call off the strike pending possible arbitration, because in the meantime, as the leading organizer; puts it, \"the. strike spirt among.the men would liavewaned.\" :,.. It would seem as If some of the lessons of the.results of the English strike might be reviewed with profit,by those striking or. contemplating such a move. It is generally! conceded that,.English Industry, and particularly ship-building and other branches of the metal- manufacurtlng trades, suffered a blow' thatr may perhaps never be wholly recovered from. For one Item, American locomotives obtained a place on European railroads from which they may never, be dislodged. .\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd..\"'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'.'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd' .The Industrial situation is specially free from disturbing influences, if the strike of building hands at Chicago, having Its Inception primarily in unionism, is excepted. -Advances in wages are^still\ufffd\ufffd\ufffda_lead.ing_fea_ture_'.'_of,Lt.he..in-. Trees Sprayed Earlij Always Give Best Results in Bearing fruit, Etc.^-^^ See our window for Spray Tumps, Pruning Knives, Pruning Saws and everything else that is needed for the purpose. \" Those Dunn & Co., (I.IM1TBD.) 8, 111, ia Cordova Street, and S, 10 Water Street, Vancouver. \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd-\" rrumStrciiiiAilln, H. C. .\"\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd o \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd . I:. U dustrial situation, as illustrated by the advances granted soft-coal miners and stove molders recently. In fact,-It might be said that, the benefits resulting 'from-the present prosperity have been distributed .to and partaken of by the industrial workers with a freedom from friction finding few parallels In the country's history.. . , .. TEKKIHLE COST OK WAH. There lire some interesting calculations In the Home Magazine as to the 'cost.of wits. A careful estimate, we arc told, places the uiiKiuut spent by Great Ilrltiiiii during Queen Victoria's reign on was and preparations for war at the almost -'Incredible sum nf \ufffd\ufffd'_',.\"iOil\",IHi0,. (HK.i. That this'ls not an over-estimate becomes clear when we reflect thai Ihe Ciimcaii war alone drained \ufffd\ufffdlin,imo,OWl frmii the llrltlsh ex- elicxiier, iiinl that the government are spending every year more than i tt.lHHi.OiHi In -maintaining the army and navy. If the failed Kingdom were called upon to pay the Victorian war bill to-day, if would absorb four shillings out of every sovereign of Its entire wealth mid would lie called upon to raise a sum which would extinguish the gross national debt of Great'llrltaln four times over. Even the Interest of the war-gold Is colossal. If It were Invested at live per com. (Ignoring altogether the accumulated interest of over sixty-two years) It would yield a revenue of JEViMKHl.llOO a year, a sum which wnnld'.'be sufficient t\ufffd\ufffd meet all the national expenditure and lea\\e a yearly balance which would go far toward*, soh lug the question of old age pension-or M replace all the sums raised >eailj for charitable (imposes and missions. The interest, which would pour Into the e\\clitt|iici at the rate of neaily CiW a minute, or, roughly, Xleveiy second, night and day, would allow nn nniiviil Income of \ufffd\ufffd70 lo every family In Scotland and Ireland; or it might he used ior educating every child now living tliroiiTliont the entire world. .'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd TO NON-UXIONISTS AN\"I) OTHEltS. Pear reader, have you ever! considered the power^of Cnioiiism? Has the old maxim, \" Unioii is strength\" (perhaps often minted In your presence), ever had any effect upon your manhood? If not, why not? Ibive yon never as yet found out that eo-operalion and united effort in most of our daily associations accomplish better results than individual effort in its isolation? If, as we feel persuaded, you.-will acknowledge this to be a fact, how . is;.'it: that you' are making no effort to unite yourself with your brother laborers in the good and glorious cause ot emancipation from wage-slavery ond uiirequittcd, inider-paid toil at. the hands :,uf our oppressors, who havefor centuries monopolized, the ovor-abundant stores.'of Molhcr Earth, curtailed.the 'life-Wood of every nation, and controlled the arteries of the'world's eonir merce?; ;,.;. .'::..:.,.:V. Think ofit.aiid.tlienteir that there'Is no need for labor organizations I Consider the heroic struggle carried on by n small number 'of the millions of toilers against our. common foe King Monopoly, and the grcedy,;avaricioiis money usurers, and then tell '.whether honest industry has ever had a fair chance, or ever received its fair share of;.the, wealth itj produced. , ';'.!' ; . -,\" ; ; -Come, now, and let us reason, together. In our Unions we will give yon the opportunity of discussing this question of Labor and Wages, pro and coil. We will endeavor,, without' partiality, treat this mutter of Progress vs. Slavery in all its aspects; and we feel .confident that you will not resist the outstretched hand of brothers-..who will weleoiiuifand 'strengthen you in your first feeble effort\/fowards the realization of a united brotherhood of man. \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd < Everybody is ivited to attend the open meetings, held under the auspices of the Trades and Labor Council, to discuss the great problem of the times. They are held every Wednesday' evening at Union hail (I he\" old Humor street Methodist church), corner of Diinsiiinir and Homer streets. ; (: '- UNION DIRECTORY^ VANCOUVER TBADE9 AND iLABOH Council. President. Jos. Dixon; vice-: president, J., H. \"Watson; secretary. J. C. Marshall, P. O. box 159;.' financial secretary,, 1\\ Williams; treasurer, C, K. atonck; statistician, TV. MacL,ain; ser- geant-at-arms, AVY Davis. Parliamentary ecn mittee\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdChairman, John Pearey; secretary. J. Morton. Meeting\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdFirst and third Friday in each, month, at 7.30 p. m.. in Union hall, corner Dunsmuir anol Hcmer streets. - :-;-.. VANCOU'R TYPOGRAPHIC All UNION.: No. 22S. meets the last Sunday in: each, month ait .Union hall. , President, E.: L.7 Woodruff; 'vice-president, J. C. Marshall;- : secietary; J. R.Watkins: P. O. Ibox 66;, treasurer, W. Brand; sergeant-at-arms, Cuss J. Dunn; executive committee\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd Chairman, J. c.-Marshall; Geo.-Wilbj, C. S. Campbell, G. T. Dutton, W.. Am\ufffd\ufffd strong..Delegates to the Trades and Ualb- :!\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd or council, J. C. Marshall, Geo. Wilby, C. S. Campbell. .. \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd-.'. : . \"\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd;\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd<::'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd Trades unionists and social .reformers of liritish Columbia and elsewhere cannot: do belter than agitate and work for Ihe shorter-' hpur day. The provincial elections are at hand, and the eight-hour law is In danger. The ISDRi'BSDBST will be pleased to print letters of say AH) or 300 words from anyone on this question. 11 almostlooks as if the question of the eight- luiurjuivbel^'enforced I\" this province is if =vln^li've_fsTu\"e\"^Orgiuiized=caiiital.-w'lth-uii-- tobi millions, on the one side, has a tremendous Influencing power, and Intends to use it during the approaching provincial elections. On the other hand, the toiling masses, with their giant voting'strength, hold Ihe fate'bf the shorter work-day in their own hands. Workers, be true to yourselves and save the eight-hour law. . ; In the United Slates eight .hours constitutes a legal work-day for all laborers, workmen and mechanics who may be employed by ihe government. '\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd In tin. liavariaii legislature, a committee bus reported favorably upon an eight-hour bill. The machinists' nine-hour movement In ihe. United states Is making rapid strides.. Most encouraging reports are at hand which'alum- everywhere that the craftsmen are joining the union in large numbers and preparing to scenic the shorter work-day. The machinists of Vancouver are throughly organized. The coal miners have succeeded In establish. lug thoolghl-hnur'.day In Michigan, Iowa, Mis- soiirl, Kansas, the Indian territory, and Arkansas. '\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd' 'Mr. .1.1\\ Whitney, M. IV1'., said at Newmarket recently: \"The party system, next to God's blessing, is the most valuable. People who think will differ anil hence party Is a necessity. It is an instrumcni through which our liberties come.\" (Cheers.) Our esteemed contemporary Clfizen anil Country says: \"And had the speaker been a Liberal (he is a Conservative), speaking to members nf his own part>, the same cheers would have liecn heard. II people who think differently should ho member- o( different parties-, how many partie-. vhould there he?\" lithe chewing-the-rag votu count', for anything, I!. ('. i- fairly in it. The fad that there K \"-trite anil a general mix-up In the rants of who knows how many would-be political parties or factions in this province, prrlmpts one of our socialist friends to suggest that under \"direct legislation\" con fidence would be ..restored, and the ! people \\ again would become harmonious and prosper\" ous. , ;!'; ':'!'''.'''.,,\"\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd:'-.:.'::\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd. ;-!:.\/\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd, Obstacles to reform movements arc oneounC- \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd erei! everywhere. - Itefofiiiers everywhere meet! narrow! prejudices,'sordid sefffshncss, grey-\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd bearded use and abuse, inertia and the inuu- \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!-. pa3ity of men to make a sustained effort.!: This. is what a labor paper is up against.'.'\"... 'i-:'-' j. , 'The essence of the wage- system appears! tel be a free contract. In reality it is not free, ! when you consider a workingman, on tho ono side, without a dollar and aWife and children.\"^ or maybe, parents to provide for, and, on the other side, who'coyltl buy bis time. Kabor is in ' commodity, w-liieli, ninety-nine times out oC'a...' hundred, is soTd at a.rldluulou'a low figure, under a forced sale.. .1 : . :;- It seems queer that after all these years or ' improvements and 'expenditure by tlie city at Stanley park that the city solicitor has just, been instructed'to.wite to the Dominion go\\i- ' eminent and obtain from it a lcase\/it the- pro ! perty. The provincial government should likewise be asked to agree to It'..-. Hotter', late 'tliiirt never; '-.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'\"-'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \"A statesman is a politician who docs not forget to send seeds, to liis constituents about \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd' this time of year.\"\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd.V. Y. World. The ciLlihro-.-. of our staiesmeu al homeland abroad is reputed to be very large. \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd ; . -:o:- \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd-\"i.'l \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdv'\/J I PA 'THETJEACOX AND.-THE- WOKKIXG.UAN. -, The deacon folded his pious hands and prayed;.'! ','Lord, bless the laboring man that Thou bast: -made; Spiritual showers rain upon his head, \\ .'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\"\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\" ''\"-.\" And take him to Thyself wheii he is dead.\" The deacon hired a simple laboriiur'man, To work as hard as ever a mortal can; The hours he worked him dally numbered Jen,. Tlie pay was such that he lived in a porfeet- den- \" How is your soul?\" ihe deocou one day sniif. As the workman oiil of his. cheerless dinners. pallfed, - \" I haven't a soul,\" ihe creature of toll replied; \"Along tlme'lgoof overwork it died.\"- ' What nieaii ynu, profane man I\" the deacon . roared; \"Such blasphemy in (ind is most abhorred: '-' Hcgoiielgetoul of myslglnit Ibis very day! And support your iiilldel body how you may.\"* The times were hard, for one who would hoib>. estly work, ' \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd i . Aod this one especially wasn't a man lo sJUrk; Hut no one wanted him on tills earth of UodNv So he starved and wits quietly UU<1 beneath thu sods., And she deacon folded his holy hands ami prayed: -ord, bless the. lobnring man which-Thoic hastmiiile; . Spiritual beauties graft upon his head, In mansions of the blest when he is dciul.\" \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdMomnsoji I. Swift\ufffd\ufffd Attention is directed to the advertise-* ment in this issue ot Mr. OH. J. Stubbs. the prominent Westminster avenue of sterling;, silver and electro-platei goods, at moderate prices; also his display o\ufffd\ufffd diamonds, rings, watches and clocks Is Al, Repairing Is. maile as |i Usual - I'roiniscs *ru the llriler. . 'liust week the vxecutivc of the Tnailes and Labor Cohki-css of Canada Hind mi Interview with Sir-. Wilfrid a.nurler at Ottawa. The illiferent items TelViTed t\" 'tile roiiiiiilttec by uK. vol\\. Kress last year were laid in a convincing way before the government.-- The -committee consisted uf Ov\ufffd\ufffd. w. power. a'oron'to. secretary: John Fk-tt, Hamilton, vice-piesidcn't: ,|, n. Kltzpatricli. \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdToronto; ~H. M. Draper. Ottawa. E. 11. SSrcmnor, Western federation'of -Miners, .Slncnn.- J. C. Scott, Quebec; J. J!. Black. Montreal. A. W. Puttee, 51. P., SViiinipeg, introduced 'the delegation. (loo. AV. Bower outlined the different Slums. Alien Labor law, Chinese Kx- eiuston act. gear and tackle inspection O.'.'l'or our Ports, 'amendments to the \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdbanking art, nmendments to Election- it*act, McTnnes' immigration regulation kill, day labor euiul eight hours a day, tirades mark act. arbitration law, current '.wage flause. He said that 'the ttlien labor law was engaging great attention and recent events had shown that the present law., was not meant to he put in operation. The law wanted, amending and enforcing. ,.. They Wished to support 'tlie amendments to Hie election .bill. .Compulsory arbitration \"when a dispute was actually in progress was not \"what was sought. 3iut a measure '.that would.provide the (means of settling disputes before strikes or lockouts were resorted to. (The proposed current Wage clause was j Colum'bla, and the grounds'on which a contract labor law is asked for. \" Miv P.'\" Al. Draper dealt with the ssVeatlnS\" conditions in .the clothing trade and urged that further steps be taken In the same direction as the ac- tionatof. the post 'office department in . the mail bag contracts. \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd Mr.: Puttee. IT. P., referred to the current.wage clause and the methods that should be necessary to carry it out; as also the'new regulations tor \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdsanitary and medical inspection on eoverniuent works, and with the matters ,'that had been presented by the \ufffd\ufffd\ufffddelegation he thought attention should be given to the founding of a. labor bureau or department to- take charge tit these matter as In other countries. tjT.he propositions dealing wltlv'the restriction of immigration must not .be taken as a movement to, isolate the Canadian workman, but it was along the lines of good- public policy that : aneasures should be adopted to prevent our o'wn'educated and trained Canadians being driven-out of the country .toy an Inferior class ot immigrants who we're frequently, as in the Klocan -at the present time, \"brought in under \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd contract'and with the intention of ve- Jilacing our citizens. J .\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd>-=s^Slr^Blttid^LjiutU>j^^ the delegation for the informa'tloirim~ parted in these annual visits said that .. : it-was evident there were two principal matters before them, the Chinese and the alien law. The government v. oiild shortly introduce a proposal to increase the tax on Chinese. Some of his correspondence would establish the fact that there were two sides to the question, and they had to consider everything. As regards the alien labor, their \",. decision would be made known this week. The request for the appointment of gear and tackle Inspectors Booked, reasonable. He would ask the delegation to. submit their views on conciliation and arbitration\" ln\"wrliliig to Hon. Mr. Jlulock, who was now engaged In the preparation of a measure, The government were oxiioutlng to receive the report of the commissioner xent'to Investigate the troubles in the Klocan. Tie thought the present ses- ',.., Hlnn would do something to satisfy the labor demands, even If they could not do all that was necessary. \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdKECENT 1,EG'AI., DKC'ISIONS. The following, prepared expressly for Bradstreet.'s, appears this week: Tariff Duty, Engravers' Tools\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdIn the matter of the John Hope & Sons Engraving and ''Manufacturing Company, 'which arose upon '^petition for review, Judge Colt, sitting in'the United States \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd .District Court at Boston, has reversed the action of the board of general appraisers, which affirmed tho Judgment of the collector of the port In assessing a. duty of .60 'per cent, upon engravers' '.tools entered at Boston, in 1S9S. The \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\" tools in question, which are used solely \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'. by calico and other printers, had a tip .- .at-the end containing n'small fragment of diamond commonly called a chip. The -collector classified these tools as'\"pre cious stones set\" and Imposed a duty of GO per cent. The importer claimed that 'they were properly merchandise dutiable al \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!!> per cent, ad valorem. The court held that tlie tools could not lie regarded as \"precious stones set\" in a popular or commercial sense, but only In a tei'linlcal sense, and, as a consequence, held that the limvi- duty should have iisse-jisi'd. ' .., Mechanic*' Ily-laws Held Void.\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdThe Supremo Court of Ten uvaser held in the case of lialley vs. Muster Plumbers' association, ihai the liy-laws of a plumbers' association which compelled every member to make weekly reports in open meetings 'of the work dime by him and to pay llxod sums for certain items of plumbing work if lione in competition with oilier members were void on grounds of public policy, because teml- iiiir t\ufffd\ufffd tlif destruction of five and natural Viinipi'tltion and to the unreasonable increase of prices to customers. SPORTING. Till': AV-HEICL. The Terminal City Cycling club held an executive meeting during the week and decided upon holding two road- iiices every year, and amended the constitution of the club accordingly. Those events will be made annual affairs and bo held on Good Friday and Thanksgiving day, respectively, in each year, .theillrst coming off on the Kith of .June next. The club will give prizes and accept entries from any member of the C. W. A. The course will be from the Hotel Vancouver, around the park and return. There is a Carroll chainless bicycle in the city which will interest median-' ies as well as lovers of the wheel. Unlike the Columbia, the action is direct, and the power Is transmitted from the crank sprocket wheel to the driving sprocket by a third, it .being nothing more\" nor less than three cog wheels in line, the middle wheel taking the place of the chain. The new-fangled affair is attracting much:attention, and is the first in British Columbia. \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\"\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd TUKF. \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd c. The famous trotting mare. Maud S. was buried with proper honors in the horse cemetery on the Bonner farm at Bast View, Westchester county, N. Y. Her grave is beside that of Dexter, 2:1~Ya- The plot has been reserved for Maud S. for years. Close by are buried Pocahontas. Peerless. Lady 'Palmer, Flatbush Maid, Rarus and;other famous horses. As the whole world knows, or should know, the great'trotte'rrwas bought by Robert Bonner from the late Commodore Vanderbiit for $-50,000, and held .the world's record for harness horses for years, and it memory serves, still has the mark \"to high -wheel sulky over regulation track\";' The story goes that Mr. Vanderbiit, he .of \"public be damned\" fame, sold the mare because lie. was jealous of her. anyhow he is reported to have said that when he drove up. Broadway, the people would not say \"There goes Vanderbiit,\" but \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdthere'-goes Maud S.\" ,. Mr. , ,T. \"R. Hall, of Kamloops, 'on Thursday brought live j.of. the best horses ever brought Infantilis, province from California. The band are Worth $20,000, and Comprise three stallions and two fillies.cone ot\" which, is aline large Percheron. The other four are of tile racing stock from the farm of Mrs. Langtry. The Hall .Bros, intend, to keep these animals within the province. \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd!' ;'...,.,. -.'\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd CRICKET, There has been talk of dissatisfaction at .the way in which, the Vancouver Cricket club monopolizes the crlck- 'et grounds at Brockton. Point, to the exclusion of every one else. Our Informant tells us, and it was so stated in the Province, that no one, not a 'member\"of the club could play at.all. and we all know who is likely to be elected a member. Now that there are so many banks in the city and enough bank clerks to go around-, there-is little chance for the man who works for a living ever getting a chance for a game. In England, the home of cricket, it is essentially democratic, all meeting on a common ground on the cricket Held: here it takes on more of the aspect of an' afternoon affair, and in reporting a game more space is given to the ladies gowns and \"dear Charlie's waistcoat, just too sweet for anything,\" than to the play. Let the people,, though^take a greater personal iiiteresinTrThe~p'aTk,\"7^ in their own hands. LACROSSE. The Terminal -Lacrosse Club met on Wednesday evening, when the following ofllcers were elected: Honorary president, AV. H. Quann: president,'.H.' H. Allinglinm; treasurer. J. Dralnie; secretary. W. C. Brown; executive, Messrs. J. McPherson, Ted Campbell, Jack Macl.achlan and 'Brent Brown; club captain, Dan MacPherson: Held captain, A. Cowan: Ollielal referees, Messrs. .). Ilawman. A. Allan and J. Fitzgerald. It was deckled to play u game at New Westminster o.'i.Ootid Friday. Everyone should buy a season llcket and help the boys build up their club. ' Recently there arrived at Mt. .John by the steamer Lake'JTuron llfty Italian laborers destined for the Northwest. This first contingent is said to bo the work of a syndicate having ns Us object the 'importation.' nf Italian farm laborers to Canadu, with a system of agents In Italy and olllces In Urandon, .Man. Tlie Voice says that Ihe explanation is looked upon a\ufffd\ufffd very lishy, and It .would not ho surprising If these Italians are really destined for the mining country in R. C. to carry out the same objects as the men are being, brought from -Minnesota for. BOOK NOTICE. AVAITINO FOrt THE SIGNAL, by Henry O.; Morris, has just 'been issued. It Is a great political novel. Illustrated. 407 pp. Schulte Publishing Company, Chicago, Til., publishers. Cloth $1. .\".\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd, The American press is commenting on this publication in no small way. It is a. refined love story, concenlmg a socialistic propaganda in its composition. The plot is strong.! . LABOR NOTES. At a conference of the Swansea tin plate musters' and men's representatives regarding the sheet mill-men's wages question, an Increase of fifteen per tout, 'was grouted on all special sizes throughout the trade. Lord Justice Ronier, when a case came before him, held that the poor guardians were not wrong In relieving miners nre hivelv. I'rlu'swllhln the reiich of all. 1'iil'ers, fur a roll uu. Borders, lc it yard. '^^ ' TOILET SETJ-Tlie lntest piute'riis mid shti]ies, ?l.'.i.\"i, . \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd HAMMOCKS l'OH DABIES-Mlc; covered ones, ?l.'.'.\"i, SKISDS\ufffd\ufffd\ufffdNew mid; fresh nl Eastern rtittihiimo prices.' .Sow your seed , now, some lines sold'out nlrcndy, O O 0 o ooo o o o o Mail Orders Solicited. Cor. Westminster Ave. and Harris St. i- \ufffd\ufffdl Cig ar and Tobacco Store 46 CORDOVA STREET. \"Wo liinko ii spec inly of Unklx-madk Cigars and Tobaccos, consequently always good satisfaction. Your patronage solicited. NEWW We linvc jiistrceeivcilthe lnrgc.it: nnd best slock of Si-iMNo Hats we have ever offered in; Viiiicouver. Thcv iiru stvlish aniVdiimble.- ... . \" .'-:-', '-' <>.-\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd' \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdJO CO It 1)0 VA STKISET. The 300CKK3OOO0OOO000OOOO0OO0 5 HiivIiik the Onlv b'l'-lo-Diitc Grill Hoom Q 3 in II. C. which in itself is n itimrunue'-o 5 ol'n rirst-Ulass Hotel null Itcstiuiruut . . O jOOOOOOO0000.('. H. A. IRQUHART WIll'I.I'.SAI.l; ASH ItCT.Ml, nn.ii.r.ii IN Wines, Liquors and Cigars, I'ainlly tradi- a ^pci'lalty. (liaids dell\\ered free to all parts of the city. 37 Hastings Street, Vancouver, B. C, The Kirst. r>abor Paper ]>nl)- \ufffd\ufffd lislicd in tlie interest of . . \ufffd\ufffd,labor and we are (he First 0 Store lo serve the public . \ufffd\ufffdThe Cheapest Reading \ufffd\ufffd.in Vancouvei ~=7 i. You Bring Back Two Old Novels and Take One of our New Ones. GALLOWAY'S.. 139 Hastings and \"14 Arcade Tbc Balnioral ' , . .MARKS A SI'IICULTV OK . . ' o Dewor's special Liqueur, aiso - - o '\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd usiiers biock L0H81 Liqueur wmskyr \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdLAltGE STOCK Ol \ufffd\ufffd\ufffd IMl'OKRTKD\"-AXB DOMKSTIC :\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd ' ; .Cigars. COKN'ER C'OKBOVA ANM) C'AKK.U.1, <^Vancouvei;, B.G. Vancouver's Most '^ Fashionable Tailor ^ A. MURRAY, 442~^^> Westminster Ave. Spring Has Come! TAKE Your Babies \ufffd\ufffd\ufffdTO\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd C. S. PI11LP THE CHEAPEST 623 Hastings Street.","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2009\/08\/skos-reference\/skos.html#note","classmap":"oc:AnnotationContainer"},"iri":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2009\/08\/skos-reference\/skos.html#note","explain":"Simple Knowledge Organisation System; Notes are used to provide information relating to SKOS concepts. There is no restriction on the nature of this information, e.g., it could be plain text, hypertext, or an image; it could be a definition, information about the scope of a concept, editorial information, or any other type of information."}],"Genre":[{"label":"Genre","value":"Newspapers","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/hasType","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"edm:hasType"},"iri":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/hasType","explain":"A Europeana Data Model Property; This property relates a resource with the concepts it belongs to in a suitable type system such as MIME or any thesaurus that captures categories of objects in a given field. It does NOT capture aboutness"}],"GeographicLocation":[{"label":"Geographic Location ","value":"Vancouver (B.C.)","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/spatial","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:spatial"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/spatial","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; Spatial characteristics of the resource."}],"Identifier":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"The_Independent_1900_03_31","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/identifier","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:identifier"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/identifier","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.; Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system."}],"IsShownAt":[{"label":"DOI","value":"10.14288\/1.0180359","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/isShownAt","classmap":"edm:WebResource","property":"edm:isShownAt"},"iri":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/isShownAt","explain":"A Europeana Data Model Property; An unambiguous URL reference to the digital object on the provider\u2019s website in its full information context."}],"Language":[{"label":"Language","value":"English","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/language","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:language"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/language","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; A language of the resource.; Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as RFC 4646 [RFC4646]."}],"Latitude":[{"label":"Latitude","value":"49.2500000","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2003\/01\/geo\/wgs84_pos#lat","classmap":"edm:Place","property":"wgs84_pos:lat"},"iri":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2003\/01\/geo\/wgs84_pos#lat","explain":"Basic Geo (WGS84 Lat\/Long) Property; Longitude (\u03c6) - Specified in Decimal Degrees"}],"Longitude":[{"label":"Longitude","value":"-123.1167000","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2003\/01\/geo\/wgs84_pos#long","classmap":"edm:Place","property":"wgs84_pos:long"},"iri":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2003\/01\/geo\/wgs84_pos#long","explain":"Basic Geo (WGS84 Lat\/Long) Property; Longitude (\u03bb) - Specified in Decimal Degrees"}],"Notes":[{"label":"Notes","value":"Print Run: 1900-1903

Frequency: Weekly","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2009\/08\/skos-reference\/skos.html#note","classmap":"skos:Concept","property":"skos:note"},"iri":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2009\/08\/skos-reference\/skos.html#note","explain":"Simple Knowledge Organisation System; Notes are used to provide information relating to SKOS concepts. There is no restriction on the nature of this information, e.g., it could be plain text, hypertext, or an image; it could be a definition, information about the scope of a concept, editorial information, or any other type of information."}],"Provider":[{"label":"Provider","value":"Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/provider","classmap":"ore:Aggregation","property":"edm:provider"},"iri":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/provider","explain":"A Europeana Data Model Property; The name or identifier of the organization who delivers data directly to an aggregation service (e.g. Europeana)"}],"Publisher":[{"label":"Publisher","value":"Vancouver, B.C. : Independent Printing Company","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/publisher","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:publisher"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/publisher","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; An entity responsible for making the resource available.; Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organization, or a service."}],"Rights":[{"label":"Rights","value":"Images provided for research and reference use only. Permission to publish, copy, or otherwise use these images must be obtained from the Digitization Centre: http:\/\/digitize.library.ubc.ca\/","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/rights","classmap":"edm:WebResource","property":"dcterms:rights"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/rights","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; Information about rights held in and over the resource.; Typically, rights information includes a statement about various property rights associated with the resource, including intellectual property rights."}],"SortDate":[{"label":"Sort Date","value":"1900-03-31 AD","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/date","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/date","explain":"A Dublin Core Elements Property; A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource.; Date may be used to express temporal information at any level of granularity. Recommended best practice is to use an encoding scheme, such as the W3CDTF profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF]."},{"label":"Sort Date","value":"1900-03-31 AD","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/date","classmap":"oc:InternalResource","property":"dcterms:date"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/date","explain":"A Dublin Core Elements Property; A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource.; Date may be used to express temporal information at any level of granularity. Recommended best practice is to use an encoding scheme, such as the W3CDTF profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF].; A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource.; Date may be used to express temporal information at any level of granularity. Recommended best practice is to use an encoding scheme, such as the W3CDTF profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF]."}],"Source":[{"label":"Source","value":"Original Format: Royal British Columbia Museum. British Columbia Archives.","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/source","classmap":"oc:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:source"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/source","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; A related resource from which the described resource is derived.; The described resource may be derived from the related resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to identify the related resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system."}],"Title":[{"label":"Title ","value":"The Independent","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/title","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:title"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/title","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; The name given to the resource."}],"Type":[{"label":"Type","value":"Text","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/type","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:type"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/type","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; The nature or genre of the resource.; Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the DCMI Type Vocabulary [DCMITYPE]. To describe the file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource, use the Format element."}],"Translation":[{"property":"Translation","language":"en","label":"Translation","value":""}]}