{"AIPUUID":[{"label":"AIP UUID","value":"ec03bb5d-2181-4817-962a-5ad2400ed785","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/terms#identifierAIP","classmap":"oc:DigitalPreservation","property":"oc:identifierAIP"},"iri":"https:\/\/open.library.ubc.ca\/terms#identifierAIP","explain":"UBC Open Collections Metadata Components; Local Field; Refers to the Archival Information Package identifier generated by Archivematica. This serves as a link between CONTENTdm and Archivematica."}],"AggregatedSourceRepository":[{"label":"Aggregated Source Repository","value":"CONTENTdm","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/dataProvider","classmap":"ore:Aggregation","property":"edm:dataProvider"},"iri":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/dataProvider","explain":"A Europeana Data Model Property; The name or identifier of the organization who contributes data indirectly to an aggregation service (e.g. Europeana)"}],"Collection":[{"label":"Collection","value":"Westland","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/isPartOf","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:isPartOf"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/isPartOf","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included."}],"DateAvailable":[{"label":"Date Available","value":"2012-07-21","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/issued","classmap":"edm:WebResource","property":"dcterms:issued"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/issued","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; Date of formal issuance (e.g., publication) of the resource."}],"DateIssued":[{"label":"Date Issued","value":"1985-01-27","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/issued","classmap":"oc:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:issued"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/issued","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; Date of formal issuance (e.g., publication) of the resource."}],"Description":[{"label":"Description","value":"Another update on the state of a renewable resource in B.C. Last year's report on Chinook salmon is updated. Increasing tension between salmon usergroups is noted, particularly on the Skeena River where Native food fishermen have been arrested for selling salmon in contravention of existing law.","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/description","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:description"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/description","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; An account of the resource.; Description may include but is not limited to: an abstract, a table of contents, a graphical representation, or a free-text account of the resource."}],"DigitalResourceOriginalRecord":[{"label":"Digital Resource Original Record","value":"https:\/\/oc-uat.library.ubc.ca\/collections\/westland\/items\/1.0048249\/source.json","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/aggregatedCHO","classmap":"ore:Aggregation","property":"edm:aggregatedCHO"},"iri":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/aggregatedCHO","explain":"A Europeana Data Model Property; The identifier of the source object, e.g. the Mona Lisa itself. This could be a full linked open date URI or an internal identifier"}],"Extent":[{"label":"Extent","value":"1 U-matic videocassette ; 00:28:30","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/extent","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:extent"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/extent","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; The size or duration of the resource."}],"FileFormat":[{"label":"File Format","value":"video\/mp4","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/format","classmap":"edm:WebResource","property":"dc:format"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/format","explain":"A Dublin Core Elements Property; The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource.; Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the list of Internet Media Types [MIME]."}],"FullText":[{"label":"Full Text","value":"(OPENING MUSIC) \n\nNARRATOR: \nThe B.C. Wildlife Federation, in cooperation with the communications branch of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, presents \"\"Westland,\"\" a series of programmes discussing natural resources conservation, and land use in British Columbia.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN: \nI'm Mike Halleran. According to a recent press report, B.C.'s fishing industry can no longer claim to be the fifth largest in the province. The forest industry is still the number one creator of wealth, mining has fallen to third place behind tourism, and agriculture is in fourth place. The fishing industry has now fallen to sixth place behind a growing electronics industry. But there is more to this than a simple one to six rating system; for one thing, part of the tourist dollar originates from spending associated with recreational fishing. Another factor is that the salmon resource on which much commercial and sport fishing depends, is severely overfished. That's the topic we examine on tonight's programme.\n\nSPEAKER 1:\nIn the last few years, conflict over who shall fish for the Pacific salmon has intensified. Bitter debates and media battles have become the norm. The contests take place within all user groups, as well as between them. Most people agree that the real source of the problem is too many boats chasing too few fish, but the only way to resolve this dilemma is to see some people lose the fishing opportunity, or have it much reduced. Attempts to deal with the problem have seen it studied from virtually every possible angle, including a full-blown federal inquiry. There are militant, vested interests who have for years campaigned to protect their own share, and increase it if possible. Not all fishermen join in this activity, but no category is free of them, whether commercial, Native, or sport. Even within the B.C. Wildlife Federation, which organization shares responsibility for this programme, there are vocal militants. Developments in the salmon story this year have included the usual run of legal challenges, demonstrations, media battles, charges and counter-charges... In other words, business as usual. \n\nWe hear lots about the fishermen, but what about the fish? Sometimes, the resource is forgotten. The Pacific salmon of B.C. are what is called a common property resource, belonging not to any group of fishermen, but to all the people of Canada. In fact, all citizens, in all parts of Canada, share their ownership equally. The people in no one region have any priority of either ownership or access. The right of access to any public resource, whether wood, range, wildlife, or salmon, has historically gone to the vested interest with the loudest voice and the strongest lobby power. But this management by lobby, the use of political power of either numbers or influence to get a bigger share, that poses real problems for the resource manager, who must represent the interests of the citizen, the owner. In fact, when resource allocation is determined, or unduly influenced by resource lobbies, the manager can lose his ability to manage. This has the effect of jeopardizing the conservation of the resource itself. All over the Western world, there are examples of this kind of activity having had disastrous effects on renewable resources, fisheries included. \n\nIn B.C., and within the last five to ten years, overfishing has caused the drastic decline of one salmon species, Chinook, and has caused concern about the other species as well. All kinds of fishermen contribute to this overfishing. In addition, fisheries management has for years been frustrated on this coast by the lack of an updated international salmon treaty with the United States. At a B.C. Wildlife Federation conference in Williams Lake, recently, Wayne Shinners, the Director General of Fisheries for the Pacific Region, talked about the need for a salmon treaty, and for other conservation measures. Mr. Shinners put it this way: \n\nWAYNE SHINNERS: \nCertainly the people of Washington and Oregon, realize full-well that the fishery of B.C., the fishermen of B.C., are quite capable of totally wiping out the Washington and Oregon fishery. Totally capable of doing that, no problem. Unfortunately, the Alaskans can do much the same to us. Nobody is going to benefit if that sort of situation continues. We have entered into enhancement activities, and such related activities, in terms of hatchery construction and so forth, on the Fraser, in a limited way, particularly as it relates to the Chinook, such as the Quesnel hatchery, which when it gets into full production should contribute something like 65,000 adult Chinook salmon to the resource, so a substantial contributor. But there are many opportunities of that nature on the Fraser River, that will really only take place once the... once we have a Canada-U.S. agreement signed and delivered, and everybody moving in the right direction.\n\nThere's been a great deal of concern expressed over the last number of years about the state of the Chinook resource in B.C. We have noted, as I'm sure you have, declines\u2014drastic declines in escapements, and indeed in total production and harvest of Chinook salmon over the last number of years. It's not a B.C. phenomenon, it's a coast wide Pacific problem, from Alaska all the way to California this has been noted. In relative terms, I guess we can say that here in B.C. we're not too badly off. We're not quite in the state of\u2014the state of\u2014that Washington and Oregon find themself in, where they virtually have little or no escapement back, where they're in a situation where they can't get Chinook and Coho in sufficient numbers to even look after their hatchery needs, let alone concerned about getting wild Chinook escapements back. But it seems to me, if something isn't done quickly, more of what has been done in the last couple of years, that it's only a short period of time before we'll find ourselves in the situation that Washington is in at the present time, and that timeframe I think is something like five to ten years unless something is done about about our Chinook problem. And the sort of situation that Washington finds itself in at the moment is that the sports fishery, in the saltwater off the west coast of the State of Washington, amounted to something like six days this year, that was the sports fishery for Chinook and Coho off the coast they had a small quantity, they thought they'd get a couple of weeks there fishing or a little more out of it, it was down to days. \n\nWe have moved to readily curtail the commercial fishery. When I arrived on the coast here five years ago, the Gulf of Georgia troll fishery was a five and a half month fishery. I don't like to say this that it's down to two months. All I'm saying is that there was a need to reduce that effort, the reduction took place, and those things are being done. We've moved to regulate the offshore troll fishery both in Northern B.C. and off the west coast of Vancouver Island with a much-shortened season, a break in the middle of the season when the peak of the runs were going through, all in an attempt to get more fish on the spawning runs. We've taken some action with the sport fishery, you're probably all very much aware that I'd like to see us do more and hopefully we'll have the support of the sport fishing community in addressing their part of the problem, and making a contribution to Chinook escapement.\n\nWe will continue to try and minimize Steelhead and Chinook interceptions, but as long as we're out there with the present technology trying to catch Sockeye and Pink, we're gonna take other species. It can't be avoided. It can't be avoided. All I can tell you is that our efforts, and the direction that we're trying to take the industry in, is away from that type of a situation, to a more rational, better differentiation, better separation of the stocks, that we can do a better job of looking after escapement. Now, the toughest job I have\u2014I'm supposedly the manager of fisheries for the Pacific Region, but I spend very little time managing fish. Very little time managing fish. I spend most of my time attempting, very crudely, to manage people and all the user groups, and trying to keep all of them happy, all of the time, or all of them on... equally happy. I would like desperately to get out of that situation, get back to managing the fish, making sure we get escapement, and over to you user groups, you decide how you wanna take it, and who gets it and under what conditions, my responsibility is escapement. But realistically I spend 90% of my time on the allocation issue, and 10% on managing fish.\n\nI think there is a new air around where the industry now, because of all the confrontation, and maybe because of the state of the economy, and poor runs, that the industry itself, all user groups, Native, commercial, and sports, seem to be interested in taking over that problem. Because they see as long as I'm doing it, I'm going to be taking money from some individual's pocket, and putting it in another individual's pocket, we do that every day of the week during the fishery. And I'm saying if you can do it, you sort it out, go to it, and I think it's more appropriate that it be done that way. And there's good expectation that the industry itself, all user groups, when I say industry I don't just mean the commercial, all the user groups seem at this point to be prepared to sit down and say OK, you tell us what the catch can be, the total allowable catch, you've looked after escapement, and we'll sit down and decide who gets it. If that happens, maybe we'll move to a better style of management. But we have to go a long way to solve the incidental catch problem, we have to move from a mixed stock, interception fishery, to a very terminal type operation, where you can almost... separate fish one at a time, and let the appropriate ones go. We're many years away from that, but it seems to me we're maybe on that track finally moving in that direction, whether it's gonna happen in my life time or yours, anybody's guess.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN:\nMy guest on the programme tonight is Dave Schutz, and Dave is a biologist and the salmon coordinator for the Department of Fisheries and Oceans. Since Mr. Shinner's speech in November, an international salmon treaty has been agreed upon. Dave, how is this going to help in the conservation of the salmon?\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ:\nMike, it'll be a tremendous help, relieve a lot of the constraints we've been living with.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN: \nOK. There are some people who have chosen to oppose the treaty, we've seen lots of things in the press about that. Now, is there any chance that the treaty might be blocked? \n\nDAVE SCHUTZ: \nI guess there's always a chance, but right now it looks as if there isn't enough opposition in the U.S. or Canada to kill the treaty. \n\nMIKE HALLERAN: \nOK. We're doing this programme on the 27th of January. It's only a matter of a very short time before the treaty will be signed, or whatever that formality is, therefore your expectations are that the way it is now is the way it's likely to be approved. \n\nDAVE SCHUTZ: \nYes, it looks as if we're gonna have a treaty, and we're planning our fishing plans for this year as if one is gonna be in place. \n\nMIKE HALLERAN: \nOne of the most contentious items in the treaty, at least as respects the southern portion of British Columbia, is the ceiling of 275,000 Chinook salmon in the Strait of Georgia, and this is to be allocated, roughly quoting the treaty, between the sport fishermen and the Gulf trollers. Now, the B.C. Wildlife Federation has come out in support of the treaty, what have the Gulf trollers done?\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ:\nThe Gulf trollers have also supported it, I think because of their belief that it's good for the Chinook resource.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN: \nOK. When will we know, I guess, the $64 question is, how these fish will be divided. When will that information be available?\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ: \nI don't know. I'm not sure when that'll happen. Our Minister of Fisheries is gonna be in B.C. later this week and I'm sure he'll be asked the same question several times.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN: \nOK. Now, the only thing that we know for certain then is, that the 275,000 total is a fixed figure?\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ:\nThat's correct.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN:\nOK. Now, with less chance to fish for Chinook in Georgia Strait, because of the restrictions imposed by the treaty, is there a danger from a management perspective that this will result in too much pressure on the other species, on Coho for instance?\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ:\nIt's quite possible. We're concerned right now about the Coho resource, we think we may be overfishing, and we'll be watching very closely to see whether there's increased pressure put on.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN: \nCan you maintain the kind of flexibility throughout the season that you need in order to be able to respond to sort of, information that a decline is occurring? Can you react pretty quickly when you get some bad news about stock numbers or the size of the catch or something?\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ: \nI guess theoretically we could, but in practice it's not likely that in season we would be able to convince anybody that we had enough information to do something drastic, it would probably be next year.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN: \nI see. OK, I'm\u2014I've got a long list of questions here, I'm going to go through them as quickly as I can. Some people in the Wildlife Federation and in other organizations, want to know what effort has been made to conserve Chinook salmon by limiting the commercial catch? Because as you know, everybody feels that the other guy isn't making the kinds of sacrifices he should be. So tell me what efforts have been made to limit the commercial catch, give me a couple of brief examples.\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ:\nYou want me to cover the whole coast, or zero in on a part of it?\n\nMIKE HALLERAN: \nWell I think we should talk about Georgia Strait initially since that's where the conflict seems to be.\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ: \nOK. In the Strait of Georgia and the Fraser River included, we've eliminated, several years ago, all the net fisheries that used to target on Chinooks, we don't have any Chinook net fisheries, so that's something we've done. In the Gulf Island area, seiners and gill netters used to fish in there for Sockeye and Pink, there were sometimes significant incidental catches of Chinook, and so we eliminated those fisheries, they don't even fish in... During international pacific salmon fisheries control for Sockeye and Pinks, those fisheries are gone because of this other problem.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN: \nOK. Now, what about Juan de Fuca Strait, further out toward the open ocean, where the fish come in around the bottom of Vancouver Island?\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ:\nJuan de Fuca Strait is an area that at times of the year have thousands of migrating juvenile salmon, including Chinooks. We still have big Sockeye and Pink fisheries, we have eliminated any fisheries early in the season and later in the season, and I'm talking about the months of June, late September, October, we just don't fish there anymore, so we've drastically reduced the catch of Chinooks in those areas.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN: \nOK, what about Johnstone Strait on the top end?\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ: \nJohnstone Strait we've done a number of things there, and the seiners aren't very happy about it, one of the things we have now is a corridor running all the length of Johnstone Strait, when we first put it in place it was to protect depressed Pink salmon stocks. That corridor now is in effect all season, all salmon season, seiners can't fish in there, and it's not only to protect Pinks but also to protect Chinooks.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN:\nWhat actually do you mean by a corridor, do you mean you leave a space, a gap through the Strait?\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ: \nYes, it's a half-mile wide space from the beach out half a mile offshore, and that's an area where there's just no seining going on.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN:\nAt all?\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ: \nAt all during the salmon season, at least during July and August when most of the fishing takes place, and most of the Chinooks are migrating.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN:\nOK, so that presumably is to provide a window so-called, to allow migration to continue uninterrupted?\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ: \nThat's correct.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN: \nHow long has that been in effect in Johnstone Strait?\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ:\nI forget exactly but it's, last year 1984 was the first year that we put it in all season, mainly to protect Chinooks. Prior to that, for the previous couple of years, it was a Pink salmon measure, so.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN:\nWell, let's talk about the implications of that for a minute. If you're leaving that window in the fishery, in Johnstone Strait, and not putting seine nets there, does that not mean that there would be fish getting through the Johnstone Strait that you would otherwise be able to harvest? In other words there must be a cost associated with leaving that window through there, as well as a conservation benefit there must also be a cost.\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ:\nYes, there are some Sockeye coming down during Sockeye migration. We attempt, or have in the last couple of years, to pick up those Sockeye farther down off Taxada Island, Sabine Channel, where the incidental catch of Chinook is less of a problem. So there is some foregone catch of Pink and Sockeye. And this is the problem, when you have an incidental catch in net fisheries, there's only so much we can do before we start to have a real serious impact on the catch of the species that they're out there targeting on, like Pinks and Sockeye.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN: \nYeah. When even though the net\u2014the seine net fishery has been, shall I say, excluded from, this corridor that you've talked about in Johnstone Strait, do\u2014are there still gill net and commercial troll fisheries, or other commercial fisheries happening in that area?\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ:\nYes, we've had the gill nets fishing in there, they have much shallower nets, they catch very few Chinooks in there, they have had a mesh restriction, so they could only use small mesh designed to catch the Sockeye but not the Chinooks. And the trollers fished in there, but they've... were really fishing in there for Sockeye, and caught relatively few Chinooks and had very little fishing time in there, maybe only one or two days a week.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN:\nOK, so that's the Johnstone Strait story. Another question I have for you: even though the net fisheries may not be trying to catch Chinook, and are targeting for Sockeye or Pink or some other species, we know that they catch some Chinook anyway. And your jargon is to refer to that as an incidental catch, now, and, it's also known as a mixed stock fishery I believe. Is there any way of knowing, since there's a lot of speculation about this, how many Chinook are caught in an incidental fishery?\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ:\nWe have catch statistics, and these are sale slips when the commercial fishermen sell their catch. We feel that the statistics on the larger Chinooks caught incidentally are very good, they're valuable fish and they sell them and they show up on the records. The smaller ones, they don't all show up, so we\u2014those statistics aren't as accurate, but we have other means of getting estimates and we think they're quite good. \n\nMIKE HALLERAN:\nOK, now let's talk about that sales slip business a little more. The given boat has some landings, and then they dispose of those fish to a packer or perhaps dockside, and is that where the sales slips appear?\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ:\nThat's right, by our regulations, they're... they have to submit a sales slip when they sell their fish.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN:\nFailure to do so then would be in violation of the regulation?\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ:\nThat's correct.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN:\nOK.\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ:\nSo, most of the sales slips are handled by the major companies that are buying the fish: they keep the records, they send them into us, rather than the individual fishermen. But some individual fishermen who may be selling at the dockside to the public, then it's their responsibility to keep those sales slips and to send them into us. \n\nMIKE HALLERAN:\nYou said that they keep records of the larger fish, what do you mean by the larger fish?\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ:\nWell, I would say that all of the Chinooks caught by the seiners over five pounds, that's not something they're going to throw away, or... So we've seen many of those. The ones under five pounds, particularly the little ones that are only half a pound, a pound, some of those... They just don't show up on the sales slips. Some companies don't buy them, so they may deliver them, and they'll just disappear, they might be called something else or there's just no sale that takes place.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN:\nOK, now, when you're talking about those incidental\u2014incidentally caught fish that are small, the word squisher emerges, an interesting word, but as it's been explained to me, a squisher of course is a small Chinook that is literally squished to death in the net of a seine boat. Now, I've heard it said from many sources that this phenomenon, if you like, is devastating young Chinook salmon, now is that true?\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ:\nThe stories go on all the time, Mike, about the squisher problem. And there's no question there's a problem with the incidental catch of juvenile Chinooks, but it's greatly exaggerated, you hear people coming out and saying that millions of these little fish are squished to death. That's not true. Our catch statistics indicate right now that the ones that are delivered and sold is about one squisher, as you call it, for every adult. Even if you blow that up two or three times, it still doesn't get up anywhere near millions of them. So it's... I don't think it's a... It's not any bigger problem than the undersized ones that commercial trollers and recreational fishermen have to throw overboard, and many of those die, so it's.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN:\nOK. The treaty has in the couple minutes we've just got left here, we're almost at the end of our time, the treaty has actually provided a form of, it occurs to me, de facto allocation. There's been a lot debate about allocation and who shall fish, but the critical fisheries in Georgia Strait particularly, are regulated by the treaty, isn't that true?\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ:\nThat's partially true. We now have catch ceilings for Chinook salmon in both Canada and the United States. But, by signing the treaty we haven't given up our right or our option to allocate domestically within Canada between the user groups.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN:\nI see. But in terms of setting, establishing the conservation objective, the language of the treaty provides for that, isn't that true?\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ:\nThat's absolutely true, and that's what the whole objective was in the Chinook sections of the treaty was to rebuild the Chinook stocks. What we're doing in the Strait of Georgia at 275,000 ceiling, that was to rebuild our Chinook stocks, that was not to give Washington anything special.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN:\nSo that target, or that number, was set consistent with a conservation objective?\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ: \nThat was on the advice of our joint Chinook technical committee that said this is what we need to do to rebuild the stocks by the turn of the\u2014by the end of the century.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN:\nOK, now that raises the possibility of some enhancement options and opportunities on the river itself, on the Fraser. And is the opportunity for that now, does that present itself now?\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ:\nThis is one of the exciting things about the treaty is that we have held off for a number of years of doing any enhancement on the Fraser because so many of our Fraser fish went into U.S. waters. Now the treaty has provisions that both Canada and the United States can get all the benefits of any new enhancement that they do, whatever production is, the country of origin will get the benefit, so... I'm sure you'll see some real moves on the Fraser to start producing more fish for Canada.\n\nMIKE HALLERAN:\nOK, then, quite briefly again then, what is the prognosis for being able to be successful in enhancing upstream Fraser Chinook stocks that are badly depressed at present, and you've just got a few seconds left.\n\nDAVE SCHUTZ:\nI think the prospects are excellent, we have everything we need now to get on with the job and I'm very optimistic that we'll be able to rebuild those stocks as we intend to in the next 15 years or thereabouts. \n\nMIKE HALLERAN: \nOK Dave, thanks very much, I guess we'll all be watching to see what happens in the way of progress on ratification. I've been speaking to Dave Schutz and I'm Mike Halleran for Westland, goodnight.\n\n(CLOSING MUSIC)\"Westland\"; A Joint Presentation of the B.C. Wildlife Federation; Communications Branch Department of Fisheries and Oceans (Canada); Series Producer: Mike Halleran; Production Assistant: Jeanne Halleran; Series Editor: Danny Tanaka; We wish to acknowledge the assistance of the B.C. Ministry of Forests; We wish to acknowledge the assistance of the B.C. Fish & Wildlife Branch; Produced through the facilities of The Knowledge Network","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2009\/08\/skos-reference\/skos.html#note","classmap":"oc:AnnotationContainer"},"iri":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2009\/08\/skos-reference\/skos.html#note","explain":"Simple Knowledge Organisation System; Notes are used to provide information relating to SKOS concepts. 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