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This could be a full linked open date URI or an internal identifier"}],"FileFormat":[{"label":"File Format","value":"application\/pdf","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/format","classmap":"edm:WebResource","property":"dc:format"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/format","explain":"A Dublin Core Elements Property; The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource.; Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the list of Internet Media Types [MIME]."}],"FullText":[{"label":"Full Text","value":" theUbyssey\nx-\/-nx\nthe organizations in which journalism has\nteye been those which have married a minimum of\n\u00a9supervision with a maximum of freedom,\nand encouragement, and which have learned to\nte the fact that the best journalism is often\npilar, that there is no way to resolve all the\n{between the commercial and public trust\naspects of news enterprises, and that it would be a\nto attempt to resolve them in favour of\nor the other.\n^ftV^^x^^- #&&$&*?% *%.\/&'&**& \/J*'\n**&&%* !&4****vF*&#&Js * %% ?'*.*\/*$*\/*\u25a0***\u2022*\u2022\/\/* *f*s\u00bb*w4* % *&\n'*S **\u00a3&*'**'*&!* , *S**S** ***S * *W**iM*\/**V **\/\u00a5\/* i.\nreasons why residence deserves more attention\ntouchdcvmU '\nKtkante,\nIN December of 1991, a\nSenate Committee on\ndisciplinary appeals submitted\nits report on the cases of five\nmale residents of Caribou House\nat Place Vanier residence. The\npresident's office had disciplined\nall five for their involvement in\nan incident over 18 months ago,\nwhen women students at Vanier\nreceived obscene and threatening\nnotes, apparently advertising an\nupcoming party. The president's\noffice allowed some ofthe\nappeals, and disallowed others.\nFor Strangway, the major\ndecisions had been made.\nBut, the appeals committee\nfelt the matter warranted\nfurther investigation.\n\"The Senate Committee on\nStudent Appeals on Academic\nDiscipline,\" the report reads,\n\"wishes to express its concerns\nabout what some students\nappear to consider appropriate\nconduct at the university and in\nparticular, in the residences.\"\nAccording to the committee, the\ninvolved students claimed\nsimilar incidents had geme\nunpunished in the past, and\nwere still occurring.\nIndeed, this has been an\nunsettling thought lingering in\nmy own mind. Will the example\nofthe presidents sacrificial\nlambs adequately deter similar\nactivity in the future?\nSenator Jean Elder, now\nretired, moved that Senate strike\nan ad hoc committee to look into\nthe academic environment at\nUBC's residences. This committee would investigate the process\nof selecting and training residence advisors, and suggest\nsteps to improve the quality of\nacademic life in the residences.\nThe motion passed.\nBut so far that committee\nhas made little progress. A call\nfor submissions circulated on\ncampus last spring received only\nfive responses. Worse, because\nits first meetings coincided with\nthe end of winter session, several\nofthe committee's own members\nfailed to actually attend when\nthe board convened in June.\nIt plans tore-convene this\nSeptember.\nMeanwhile, student turn-\nVanier and Totem? What\nbrought on this indictment of on-\ncampus culture, an institution\ngenerations of UBC graduates\nremember with fondness?\n\"Oh, we had a wonderful\ntime,\" recalls one former resident, now a schoolteacher in the\nBC interior. She smiles distantly\nas she gazes around the Shrum\ncommons block at Vanier. \"We\nall lost our virginity here. We all\ntried drugs for the first time. You\nknow, nothing major. Just a bit\nof grass or whatever. But that\nwas the late sixties, and early\nseventies. I imagine ifs a lot\nworse now.\"\nJULY, 1992\u2014Well, it is and\nit isn't. Few people at rez smoke\ndope on a regular basis anymore.\nBut they could probably learn a\nlesson or two from the flower kids\nofthe '60s on the principles of\npeace and love.\nFor instance, to the residents\non my floor two years ago, the\nGulfWar was another sporting\nevent, something to be watched\non CNN between beers and\nfootball games.\n\"Bight on!\" exclaimed one\nresident as he watched the\n\"surgical\" bombing of a government building in Baghdad. \"The\n'mericans are gonna kick that\nfucker's ass.\"\nI wrote it down when he said\nit.\nBut the most constant source\nof ugly incidents, at\nVanier at least, has been the\nstrident competition for notoriety\nbetween houses. When I sat in on\na mediation session between the\nCaribou men and various\nconcerned women, the men from\nCaribou remarked at a pressure\nto be the worst, the lewdest, the\nbaddest boys in rez.\nThey certainly had some\ncompetition for the title. At Totem\nPark, residents of first Haida\nproudly call themselves \"the\nPigs.\" When I lived in Robson\nhouse, we were \"the Rats.\" -\nAnd the men of Sherwood\nLett were real title-holders. They\nonce donned a floor shirt which\ndepicted a caricature of Fred\nFlintstone, standing atop a dorm-\nbuilding, pissing on a crowd\n\"We get a lot of values baggage and drinking baggage from the students' home\ntowns,\" he said, \"not to mention the traditions that are already here.\"\nover in the residences has left\n. few people in Vanier and Totem\nPark who remember or even\nknow ofthe initial cause for\nconcern.\nMarilyn Cox, an advisor at\nVanier for the past two years, is\none resident who recalls the\nincident, and she believes the\ncommittee still has plenty to\ninvestigate.\n\"Nothing has changed,\" she\nsaid. \"Some ofthe more explicitly\nsexual events, like 'Cum Together,' have been tamed down\nso they dont draw as much\nattention. But after a couple of\nyears things could easily go back\nto the way they were.\"\nSo how were things at\nhard for us to change things here\nwhen the residents can go up to\nthe SUB and find boatraces, or\nread the Red Rag whenever they\nwant.\"\nCooper's comments make at\nleast one thing clear: if the\ngoverning bodies at UBC really\nwant to make changes, they will\nhave to offer up more in the way\nof initiative than the lip service\nthey have thus far.\nEven Carole Forsythe, co-\nchair ofthe senate ad hoc\ncommittee admits the current\ninquiry has few sanctions at its\ndisposal.\n\"Maybe this is something\nbest looked at from the Board of\nGovernors' point of view,\" she\nsaid. \"But we're hoping that if we\nmake our recommendations\npublic, then other boards and\ndepartments might do something.\"\nForsythe may be right,\ntentative as her plan sounds.\nIndeed, what Cooper does\nnot point out is that residence\ntradition is the training academy\nfrom which he draws the bulk of\nhis staff. The Vanier and Totem\nadvisors may have practical\nexperience with a party-h\u00ab-sarty\natmosphere, but few\nsee any to change it.\nIntervention\ninto both the\nprocess of selecting\nits 100 advisors,\nand the re-definition of its\ndepartmental mandate would be\na huge initiative for Housing,\nrequiring a strong sanction from\nthe BOG.\nAND, according to Cooper,\nthere is no telling that a\nmore idealistic and interventionist staff would solve as many\nproblems as it would cause.\n\"People have individual\nfreedoms;\" he remarked, \"so if\nyou're going to make changes,\nyou have to do it by setting the\ntone.\"\nMoreover, by narrowing its\nterms of reference specifically to\ncontemplate the selection and\ntraining of advisors, the committee may be neglecting other\nimportant areas of consideration,\nsuch as the influence of various\ncampus events and organizations\nupon the residence atmosphere.\nWhen asked why she\nthought the terms pin-pointed\nthe advisor selection process,\ndirector of student housing Mary\nRisebrough hinted at a general\nignorance in senate of conditions\nin residence, even though the\nsenate's specific-mandate is to\nfoster academic life at the\nuniversity.\n\"They may have made some\nassumptions with regard to the\nway things are in residence,\" she\nsaid. \"I think that (co-chair) Dr.\nBrunette was uncomfortable\nwith being put into the position\nof questioning Housing policy.\"\nIndeed, Brunette was as\nreluctant as his co-chair\nForsythe to express confidence in\nthe committee's potential to\ninstitute real\nchange. He was inclined, rather\nto put the issue back into\nHousing's hands.\n\"We certainly want to know\nhow students feel about the\nconditions at the residences,\"\nBrunette said. \"But sometimes I\ndon't think people are aware of\nwhat can be done, for example at\nthe departmental level.\"\n\"They do already have a lot\nof programmes where they\nsensitize the counsellors,\" he\nsaid. \"I think the general view is\nthat the milieu is changing a\nlittle, that things are getting\nbetter.\"\nJULY, 1992\u2014I spoke to\nMich Roy last night, a fellow\nadvisor (advisors tend to consider\nthemselves brothers and sisters\nin arms). Mich agrees with me\nthat more rules and intervention\nmay ruin the unique experience of\ndorm life: its mixing of sexes,\nclasses, and races, its sense of\ncarnival.\nBut Mich had one of his\nworst years at residence last year.\n\"My floor was pretty\nstrange,\" he said. \"One night they\nall got really drunk, put on\nDepends undergarments and sat\naround wetting themselves. They\nthought it was just hilarious.\"\nWell, Dr. Brunette, maybe\n\"the milieu\" is changing. But\nsome of us counsellors have\nbecome so desensitized we can't\ntell the difference.\nPerhaps you would be doing\nus all a big favour if you and\nyour committee stopped waiting\naround for letters, and actually\ncame down to find out what it's\nlike at rez. After all, a floundering bureaucracy dm xn't change\nmany diapers.\n\u2022x AVM-\/\n,\u25a0*&\n:&\n\u00b0?i?*\n-. \u25a0\u25a0*\u25a0 o\n\u25a0'a. \u00bbJ C\n'*\u25a0*\u25a0 *ft? i^V-^vl\"*\nbelow him. \"SL:\" it read, \"Gods of\nVanier.'1\nBut whose fault is it when\nuniversity residents fail as\nmodels of intelligence and\ncitizenship?\nCarl Cooper, residence life\nmanager at Place Vanier,\nargues that several factors\nspawn the animal life at the\ndorms.\n\"We get a lot of values\nbaggage and drinking baggage\nfrom the students' home-towns,\"\nhe said, \"not to mention the traditions that are already here.\"\n\"Besides,\" Cooper added,\n\"much of what we combat is off-\nrez, on other parte of campus. It's\n\u25a0 j. . . \u2022;\u25a0\n\u25a0\/\u25a0*\u25a0-\n\u25a0I.-.*..'\n. \u25a0 *?\u00ab\u00ab--\n\u25a0'\u25a0*&\u25a0\/:\n\\-\nI\ne\n\/\nJ&\n\u25a0Jt < *-v\n.-.t^-\"\u00a3.*-\n\u2022'iniAn\n'\"o-Wr\nJuly 30,1992\nTHEUBYSSEY\/5 <\u25a0 \u2022* *S 'tf+fWrftyS\nYXtoPt?'' ' % '\"&&\"%<$ 'fvm?, \/ rs' **\/*\nfjt^l^jSL * \"'J^v*(jf\nVfffl'fi'* *** **'*,*\u2022*\n*\/** ', Ji>,\n&\/*\u00a3 *\u201e$* i s** s ** y* i\n* s \u25a0* * *\u25a0\/*&**\u2022 ** *\n+ #&&&&&> SSsi\/S* **, y. j\ns,S*\/ jNAAk\nWoebegone under\nthe bridge\nby Carol Farrell\nITS Chicago in the 1930's.\nThe setting is a rundown\nhotel where three women, each\nin separate bedrooms, lament\ntheir lost loves, rejections and\ninvolvements with bad men by\nsinging the blues.\nThroaty wails ring tout in the\ndark as the women belt out their\ndespair about men who have let\nthem down. *\nTHEATRE\nBlues in the Night\nUntil September 12\nat the Granville Island Arts\nClub\n\"Blues in the Night\" is a jazz\nmusical written by Sheldon\nEpps, directed by Bill Miflerd,\nand which stars Lovie Eli,\nSaffron Henderson, Alvin\nSanders and Sibel Thrasher*\nTwenty-five original musical\nnumbers are performed, each\none kept alive by artists inspired\nto sing the blues.\nBlues has its roots in the\ndeep South, where it was used as\na way of coping and took the\nplace of tears.\nThe only man in the performance represents a living prop\nfor whatever the women's songs\nrequire, whether it is slow and\nsensual like \"Willow Weep for\nMe,\" or a pointedly sexual piece\nsuch as \"Kitchen Man.\"\nHe struts around the stage\nin a zoot-suit, swinging his long\ngold chain, with a vicious leer on\nhis face as he sings \"Wild\nWomen Don't Have the Blues.\"\nA four-piece jazz ensemble -\naccompanies the singers: Buff\nAllen, drums; Tom Keenlyside,\nwoodwinds; John Parker-\nToutson, bass; and Lome Kellett,\npianist.\nWearing felt hats and\nsuspenders, they sit, perched\nbehind dusty-red, faded velvet\nbandstands, on a revolving\nplatform.\nA round ball covered in\nsmall triangular mirrors is\nlowered from the ceiling and\nprisms of light swirl around the\nstage, creating a 1930s effect.\nLovie Eli (The Woman ofthe\nWorld) and Sibel Thrasher (The\nLady from the Road), have voices\nstrong enough to rise above the\nmusic from the band; however,\nSaffron Henderson's (The Girl\nwith a Date) voice was, at times,\ndifficult to hear.'\n\"Blues in the Dark\" played\nto a packed house and was\nsensually provocative from start\nto finish.\nThis is Buffy's head\nby Paula Wellings with Lucho vanlssehot\nOKAY, so Lucho and I were having a slow\nday. We were like bummed on the paper\nscene and all, so, when this absolutely mythical\nopportunity came spurting out of our totally\ntechnical fax machine, we telepathetically\nlinked our cosmic aurae and knew in a\nmoment of all knowing that we were off to a\ntotally freehand awesome press screening of\nBUFFY THE VAMPIRE SLAYER. * 'fjif\nSo, like, what do you want to know?\nFILM\nBuffy the Vampire Slayer\nRoyal Centre Cinemas\nBuffy (Kristy Swanson) is this\nfluffy caricature of Barbie who finds out\nshe's not destined to be a buyer fof\nMary's, or even buy from Macy's fos*tha*fc-\"\nmatter. Neither is she, like, destined ttf\u00bb ,'\nbe some happy homemaker for her smelly\njock boyfriend. **\" %\nOh no. \\\\\nBuffy, cheerleader extraordinaire^fea ,\ngenetically selected-for-spandex bo-ar, isWQdly\ndestined from the absolute commencSnenf \"\ntime to stab ugly people with bits of timber.\nDont get it?\nHave another look at the title, sunshine.\nBuffy kills vampires.\nIt certainly wasn't like her idea or anything,\nbut life in Hollywood is like that.\nI mean, she like certainly didn't plan on\ndating Pike, the school nerd either.\nOr, like, having her final vampire killing\nscene at the high school prom.\nFm sure Pike (Luke Perry) didnt want to\ndrive around with Pee-Wee Herman's evil twin\nriding on top of his van, reaching in his sun roof\neither.\nBut I tell you, make a teen-romantic-\ncomedy in Hollywood, and certain protocol\nmust be followed.\nYou know, I think the folks who made\nBUFFY THE VAMPIRE SLAYER thought it\nhad some like deep message for the world. I\nmean, I was reading the press package and\nFran Rubel Kuzui, who directed the movie,\nsaid, \"If this film is about anything, it is\nabout believing in and accepting oneself. A\nllayer is a person who believes in herself or\nmself. If you do that, you can do anything,\nther ifs killing vampires, directing movies\nng a doctor, lawyer, spouse or parent. A\nis a person who's not afraid.\"\nat kind of trip is Fran on? Can I join\nMeanwhile, Buffy, the Slayer, relived a few\nBasic Instinct scenes, flexed her muscles at the\nvillains, and finished it all up by falling in\npn a mfcje positive note, Lucho liked the\nf-*in\u00ab$hato\u00a7|*2s*Jtiy. Mostly, the film struck him\nlike a weti&h in the face, but he did adore the\nsh&B of thetoaoon.\nStone mixes action, adventure and art\nby Mark Nielsen\nNOT many movies can claim\nto have action, adventure\nand artistic merit, but Scream of\nStone, the latest from director\nWerner Herzog, is one of them.\nFILM\nScream of Stone\nShowing currently at Royal\nCentre\nScream of Stone is a story\nabout mountain climbing and,\nmore specifically, the rivalry\nbetween a grizzled veteran\nmountaineer and a young\nhotshot rock climber. Thus the\naction and adventure.\n(For those not familiar with\nthe difference, a mountaineer\nfocuses on high-altitude moun\ntain climbs while a rock climber\nconcentrates on much shorter\nbut more Intense objectives \u2014\nusually on cliffs or rock\noutcroppmgs.)\nBut, in characteristic Herzog\nfashion, the movie is also about\nobsession and the kinds of thing3\nthat drive some people to go to\nthe outer limits in search of\nmeaning. This is where the art\nexists.\nAnd while Fm on this\nalliteration kick (i,e. action,\nadventure, art) I may as well add\nan fteh?\"\u2014as in Canadian\ncontent Besides Canadian\nfinancing\u2014along with French\nand German\u2014Scream also co-\nstars Canadian actors Donald\nSutherland and Al Waxman.\nUnfortunately, their\npresence doesn't help as much as\nit could when it comes to another\n\"a\"-word\u2014acting. Thafs probably because they are limited to\nsecondary roles. Sutherland\nplays a sports writer and\nWaxman a New York City movie\nproducer.\nThe lead actors are Victorrio\nMezzogiorno as the mountaineer\nand Stefan Glawacz as the rock\nclimber.\nAlthough I don't know much\nabout Mezzogiorno, I know that\nGlawacz is one ofthe world's\npremier rock climbers in real life\nas weil as in the movie.\nPredictably, Glawacz^\nacting skills are not even close to\nbeing as strong as his climbing\nabilities, and he's limited to\nshort one-liners \"h la* Arnold\nSchwarzenegger when on the\nscreen.\nThe real excitement is in the\nclimbing.\nThe only thing that holds\nthe movie together between the\ntimes they're on the rock, snow\nand ice is the tension created by\nthe climbers' rivalry and their\nclimactic showdown.\nOtherwise, we are forced to\nsit and watch people running\nerrands, pontificating, burning\nold pictures, and other symbolic\nbut not necessarily action-packed\nscenes.\nFortunately, the cinematography is great, making it a\nperfect big-screen draw. And the\ncamera work, combined with the\nclimbing, makes wading through\nthe slow stuff worthwhile.\nNo one else will sing his songs\nhts. 2\nubyssey\nvortex\nbv Bob Keelor\n' I had a dream &e other night MUke to\n^It began with a regular trip toagto\n-spend an aftei^oon swimmingly fiends\nW^asUoofthe plunge, I noticed a\nimxXS~ to say. we were frightened. The\nbunch rfS^amVdly to the u-land \u00bb<*\n^^J^notZSandbuta .\nperS25a 'We were able to keep runnmg\nlo^SupinhopeBofconfusingthecows\nshopping mall and tried to explain my\n^fortunately everyone at the mall\nthought I was on drugs and staited chasm.\nme This turn of events forced me to steal an\nor JS W van. And as fate would have it, a\nS stuffed Snoopy was on the dash-\nb\u00b0asLpv gave me directions to the Via\nstate anil boarded a ^^\u2122r\nblank-faced skeptics shouted Do ei ol\nrlvrt we were barely moving. Behind tne\nSri, \"charging like all get out, were the\nIbbSa^^^^Sr.\n^^jSTlfeSS^ condu-orand\nwhSShS jumped on, leavmg the cows\nbehind former. \u25a0 _\u25a0... .., ^^-. -\u25a0 ffht,\n.Rut thiswasnotthe -en*1\n: ;m^.Dnc^the|^,^^ffw\nabout\u2014\"1\n\u25a0\u25a0-\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0\u25a0 told tne mmk ma\n'\u25a0' ! We mhrSofiu woke upin a cold M\ng^so that I could sleep easiei.\nby Rebecca Bishop\nBEFORE a single word was\nspoken on stage, eye\ncontact had been made with\nalmost every member ofthe\naudience.\nDoing a \"travel song,\" he\nmade a brief journey through the\npatrons' tables, wending between\nchairs and outstretched legs,\nperiodically stopping to address\nhis harmonica to a particular\nindividual.\nMUSIC\nRory McLeod\nWISE Club\nJuly 23\nRory McLeod is an entertainer of a rare cast. Much of his\ntime is spent roaming the world,\nfunded by the coins he earns as a\nstreet performer. His travels\ntake him to roads and realms not\ngenerally trodden by the average\ntourist.\nOne ofthe guest performers\non the stage during the evening\nwas a fellow musician McLeod\nplayed with in Mexico.\nMariachi Love Song, which\nthey played together, is about a\nman who asked their ensemble,\nbusking roadside, to come\nperform then and there, for some\n\"friends.\" So, the ensemble\nclimbed into this man's truck\nand were driven to a distant,\nquiet neighbourhood late at\nnight, where they ended up\nperforming for the man's elderly\nfather and family, all roused\nfrom sleep to listen to their\nmusic.\nMcLeod sings about his\nfamily and the people he has\nmet\u2014their lives, living conditions, and often the circumstances of their untimely deaths.\nHis music is inevitably political,\nbut more compassionate of\npeople's circumstances than it is\narrogant, which cannot be said of\nmuch ofthe political jargon in\nmusic today (what that there is).\nA song about evictions\nfocuses on the lives of children\nliving in council housing in\nEngland, McLeod's birthplace.\n\"When children starve in\npeace time, it should be called\nwar.\" Children living in impoverished neighbourhoods have been\n\"born in a graveyard,\" for all that\ntheir circumstances offer them in\nlife.\nMcLeod said, \"I sing my own\nsongs 'coz no one else will.\"\nHowever, it would not be because\nhis songwriting skills are poor.\nNo matter their skill or talent,\nno performer would do an\nadequate job of duplicating the\nway McLeod performs a song,\nwhich is the essential part of his\nmusic. He punctuates his\nharmonica with his voice and the\nrhythm of his steel-bottom plated\nboots, drumming and stomping,\ncreating depth and texture\nnormally absent in solo performances. He plays his spoons on\nvirtually any part of his body,\nand he adds curious new techniques to the realm of guitar\nplaying and singing, and nearly\neverything he does.\nMcLeod probably would be\nbest described as a folkie, but his\nperformance defies being labelled\nand simply becomes his own.\nOriginally brought, to\nVancouver by the Folk Festival\nthree years ago, his return to the\ncity has been a long time coming.\nHe had some new songs, some\nold songs, and a seeming boundless amount of joy and energy\ndespite the hard subjects he\nchooses to address.\nMcLeod sings love songs -\nabout the people he encounters\nin near and distant places. I\nexpect his perpetual journeying\nis spurred by a perpetual desire -\nto meet the people who come to\npopulate his music. His performance Thursday night was a\ndelight to me, and at least the\nother thirty odd people who were\ndancing in front ofthe stage. The\nrest ofthe seated audience\nseemed to be enjoying themselves thoroughly as well,\njudging by their participation in\nrepeated encores.\nMcLeod's music is generally\navailable at Black Swan, where\nthey will probably be willing to\npull out a CD and play it for your\nlistening pleasure; that, or\nwander the world and bump into\nhim somewhere. Ifs a small\nworld after all.\nRory Mcleod sat Folk Fest 1990, looking much as he does today.\n6\/THE UBYSSEY\nJuly 30,1992\nJuly 30,1992\nTHE UBYSSEY\/7 -t\n\\WV\n^.V'\nSSi*-*1 \"\u25a0 Vh^-e v\"\nUBC Summer Players in Repertory in\nThursday, July 30 & Saturday, August 1\nCurtain: 8:00 pm\nDorothy Somerset Studio\nHouse\nof Blue Leaves\nFriday, July 31\nFrederic Wood Theatre\n822-2678\nThree studerit-at-Iarge positions are\navailable on\nThe Ubyssey Publications\nCommittee.\nResponsibilities include:\n.\u2022 reviewing the budget of The\nUbyssey;\n\u2022 serving as a sounding board for\ndisputes with the paper; and\n\u2022 recommending changes to Council\nregarding The Ubyssey's\nconstitution.\nFurther information can be obtained\nfrom Mike Adam, AMS\nOmbudsperson in SUB lOOQ at\n822-4846.\nApplications are available in SUB 238\nfrom Terri Folsom,\nAdministrative Assistant, until\nFriday, 7 August by 430 pjm.\nFucking negotiate:\nby Ellen Pond\nMost of us are living on stolen\nland.\nAfter judge McEachern's 1991\nruling dismissing Gitksan and\nWef suwet'en ownership and jurisdiction over their\ntraditional territories, many non-First\nNations people\nseemed shocked at\nthe racism expressed\nin the judge's statement. Nineteenth\ncentury stuff, folks\nsaid.\nIt seems to me\nthis particular racism is pretty well en-\ntrenched in the\ntwentieth century\u2014\nthe late twentieth\ncentury\u2014and one\nplace to find it is the\nprovincial courthouse.\nWhite anthropologists often study\nFirst Nations people;\nit is time for those of\nus who are white to\nexamine ourselves.\nIn May and June\nof this year, the\nGitksan and\nWet'suwet'en appealed McEachern's judgement; i\nsat in courtroom 60 as often as i\ncould in order to witness the Injustice System at work.\nThe first day of the Appeal,\nthe Hereditary Chiefs organized a\nrally outside the courthouse. Many\ncame down from Ihe territories;\nwearing traditional regalia,\nGitksan\nand Wet'suwet'en\npeople\nspoke\nabout their\nreasons for\ntaking the\ngovernment to\ncourt. The\nprovincial\ngovernment has\ncontinually\nrefused to\nnegotiate\nownership\nand jurisdiction of\nthe territories (22,\n000 square\nmiles),\nwhich the\nChiefs have\nnever ceded to the crown.\nA street theatre group mimicked the major players aligned\nagainst the Gitksan and\nWef suwet'en Nations: the provincial government (using a double-\nsided face of Vander Zalm and\nHarcourt), the federal government,\nthe BC Business Council, Alcan,\nthe BC Mining Council, and others. The corporate interests entered as intervenors, or people who\nmake sure that all the arguments\nsupporting their interests get\nheard in court.\nIn a truly bizarre twist, the\nappeal judges appointed an\n\"Amicus Curiae* (Friend of the\nCourt) to cover any defense of\nMcEachem'sargumentemissedby\nthe province's recently revised position. Supposedly a neutral and\ndisinterested party, the Amicus\nturned out to be the law firm formerly representing the Socred\ngovernment\u2014and the one that\nMcEachern worked for prior to his\nappointmentas judge. The Amicus\nwas thus also aligned against the\nGitksan and Wet'suwef en people.\nIntervenors for the Gitksan\nand Wef suwet'en include other\nTribal Councils, the Union of BC\nChiefs, and the AFN (Assembly of\nFirst Nations).\nWHEN THESE G\"YS CIKCL\u00a3\nTU6.IR VvAGof-i*; -\"\nTHEY Ooh'T\nFool MRoUMD.1\nThe first day, the Chiefs took\nturns sitting in the court room because there were only three rows\nof seats for the public.\nI sat in court a few days later,\nwatching the five white male judges\nwho seemed almost asleep...eyes\nlifting occasionally as they asked a\nquestion or stated an opinion.\n\"It is common, when one thinks of Indian (sic) land claims, to think of Indians (sic) living off the land in pristine\nwilderness. Such would not be an accurate representation of the present\nlifestyle ofthe majority ofthe Gitksan\nand Wet'suwet'en people who, while\npossibly maintaining minimal contact\nwith individual territories, have largely\nmoved into the villages. Many of the\nfew who still trap are usually able to\ndrive to their traplines and return home\neach night.\"\n\u2022judge McEachern, Reasons for Judgment, 1991, pgl3.\nGroups of lawyers filled most of\nthe rest ofthe court.\nI want to give my impressions\nof several days ofthe case. I am not\n\"To the extent that aboriginal societies have always grown, to search back\nfor a pristine condition of\naboriginality, a Rousseau-kind of\nsense of the noble savage, we say is\nnot consistent with how aboriginal\nsocieties work. We would never do\nthat for our own society.\"\n\u2022Michael Jackson, lawyer for the\nGitksan and Wet'suwet'en, Appeal,\n1992.\na lawyer; i am interested in the\nways the court process functions. I\nmix importantlegai\/political issues\nwith small incidents in order to\ndemonstrate some of the racism\nthat those of us who are white, like\nme, should be aware and critical\nof, in ourselves and in the systems\nof power in this country.\nOne of the biggest assumptions underlying\nthe arguments of\nthe governments,\nthe intervenors,\nand the Amicus, is\nthat there is one\nway of being a\n\"real Indian\". This\nnotion holds that,\nhistorically, First\nNations people\nwere a certain\nway, and if you (a\nFirst Nations person) are not like\nthat today, then\nyou dont have any\nrights. McEachern\nbased much of his\njudgement on this\nconcept of frozen\nrights.\nOwnership and\njurisdiction then\ndisappear behind\na facade of deciding which activities are, to quote\nappeal judge\nMacFarlane,\n\"purely Indian.\"\n\"Logically, in defining the [aboriginal] right you would look to\nthe pre-contact times . . .\nuninfluenced by- Europeans.\"\nThus, according to the crown,\nas soon as contact happens (with\neuropeans), aboriginal societies\nchange, and those changes do not\nrepresent \"real Indian-ness\"\u2014\nhence not a negotiable aboriginal\nright. For the crown, the date of\ncontact is very significant.\nThe racist \"real Indian\" mentality \"freezes\" aboriginal societies at one point in time, denying\nthat societies change. Non-Native\nCanadians often accept that we,\nourselves, can change, but expect\nFirst Nations people to remain the\nsame. These arguments get played\nout in court.\nSo at the same time that the\nGitksan and Wet'suwet'en are\npresenting legal arguments, they\nmust address the racism that the\ncrown's lawyers, arid the judges,\nbring with them to the courtroom.\nTo expose the racism in this\n\"frozen rights\" test of aboriginality,\nlawyer Michael Jackson argued,\n\"we would never do that for our\nown society, we would never say\nwhat is Canadian ... we would\nnever focus on a particular moment in time and say, there is the\nessence . . . Aboriginal societies,\nlike all other societies... necessarily change and evolve.\" Or, as i see\nit, my\ngreat-\ngrandmothers\ndid not\ndrive\ncars, but\nthat does\nnot mean\ni am not\n' related to\nthem or\nam not of\nthem.\nOf the\nfive ap-\np e a 1\njudges,\n \u25a0 judge\nLambert\nseemed to understand the concept\nofunfreezingrights. Activities such\nas berry picking, rather than restricting the definition of aboriginal rights to certain unchanging\npractices, give evidence of owner-\n8\/THE UBYSSEY\nJuly 30,1992 FEATURE\nwitnessing the Gitksan-Wet'suwet'en Appeal\nship and jurisdiction.\nOnce rights are unfrozen, it\nbecomes possible to deal with the\nGitksan and Wefsuwefen position\u2014that the issue to be negotiated is the crown's claim to sovereignty of Gitksan and Wef suwet'en\nterritories.\nSo if we as non-Native people\nstopped having this frozen test of\naboriginality, then we could get on\n\"The evidence suggests that the Indians (sic) of the territory were, by\nhistorical standards, a primitive\npeople without any form of writing,\nhorses, or wheeled waggons.\"\n\u2022judge McEachern, Reasons for\nJudgment, 1991, pg24.\nwith negotiating our future relationship with the Gitksan and\nWef suwet'en Nations. We could\nget on with negotiating how we are\ngoing to live on this land in a way\nwhich respects the First Nations.\nBesides being insulting and disrespectful ofthe FirstNations people,\nholding First Nations people to our\nconcept of a \"real Indian\" is a plain\nwaste of time.\nSince the change of government, the province has anew policy\nand a new position which i got to\nwitness in action\u2014and i am not\nvery impressed. The province now\naccepts that blanket extinguishment of aboriginal title did not\nhappen in BC, but that remaining\ntitle applies only to Reserve lands\n(45 acres in the Gitksan and\nWef suwet'en case) and unoccupied\ncrown lands.\nSuch title exists at the pleasure ofthe crown and can be extinguished at any time without the\nconsent of First Nations people.\nAny third party grant, like a mining license, a tree farm license or a\nfee simple grant, extinguishes title.\nThis leaves almost nothing in the\nterritories with title, except a few\nacres of reserves.\nFurther, all aboriginal rights\nare subject to the laws of Canada\nand BC (no self-government, this).\nThe rights are very low-level: they\nare non-proprietary (i.e. not ownership) and only cover use and\noccupancy of unoccupied lands.\nWilliams, counsel for the province, explained the policy as, \"you\n[aboriginal people] have got a\nright to live somewhere on some\nland and to cultivate a field and\ngo hunting and fishing and berry\npicking...\" We're back to frozen\nrights. No acknowledgement of\nownership and jurisdiction.\nOne afternoon, i sat in court\nand listened to the pontifications\nof one of the federal specials\u2014\nMacauley. He would read out\nstatements by Department of Indian Affairs (DIA) Agents and\nother not-wholly-to-be-trusted-\nfolks, and then make ludicrous\nclaims, inventing a white history\nofthe Gitksan and Wefsuwefen\nwith no reference to their own\nAdaawk and Kun'gax (oral histories).\nOne incident sticks in my\nmind as the most maddening.\nMacauley read a few sentences by\nLoring, Indian Affairs Agent in\nthe Babine (Wefsuwefen and\nGitksan territory), who wrote in\n1901 that he no longer interceded\nin many cases ofthe \"cruel\" custom of inheritance through the\nmother. Macauley then stated:\n\"He is reporting apparently there\nthat the matrilineal system has\ncome to an end... it was one of his\nduties to attend to that.\" An example, to Macauley, of changes\noccuring in Gitksan and\nWefsuwefen societies which made\nthem non-aboriginal.\nJudge Lambert was surprised\nat Macauley's conclusion about the\nend of matriliny. (No kidding.\nWhere?\nWhen? Ifs\nstill going\non!!) And\nthen\nMacauley\nexpounded\non the virtues of patriarchy and\nthe sensible\nEnglish\npatrilineal\n system of\nproperty the\nDIA was imposing. And he refered to the\nmatrilineal system as a \"trouble\"\nthat Loring had to deal with.\nMacauley seems enamoured of patriarchal things British.\nThe crown's arguments are\ngrounded in racism, and that\ngrounding needs to be continually\npropped up. Part of crown counsel's\njob, it seems to me, is to provide\nwhite supremacist perspectives of\nFirst Nations people. This reinforces the racism that we learn in\nthis society so that the scary positions taken by non-Native governments and courts seem sensible\u2014\nand backs up the folks making the\ndecisions.\nThe smoothest talking lawyer\ni encountered was Willms, working for the Amicus Curiea, the supposedly neutral Friends of the\nCourt. These folks did a great job\nof presenting some of the more\nracist material and arguments to\nthe court.\nWillms was trying to prove\nthe Gitksan and Wef suwet'en societies were not organized until\neuropeans showed up and started\nthe fur trade. McEachern had accepted this finding.\nWillms would quote all sorts\nof people, early missionaries, 1920s\nwhite anthropologists, 1960s white\nanthropologists, and the crown's\none or two \"expert\" witnesses of\nthe 1980s (most anthropologists\nlike he was an expert who understood all the debates, and would be\nkind enough to explain it to the\njudges, except that some of the\ninformation was just plain wrong.\nSome of his analyses were also\nQ IfKSArt\"\n** Wensui\/ef ed\nJi ^xW^L\n-WRESTLCVI ANl A J\nIN THEa B.C\u00bb COURT OF APf\u00a3AL\nON ONS $\\b\u00a3 TH\u00a3 VWfcg \"mCrlTAM OF\nCGRXXWE 8.c\/CAMM>A\/B.c. ^s1\u00bb\nv.s.\nTrie ' Gitksan ***! Wet'suuuef'en Nations AMD\n+We- aJways eJuS'tve ... ^kji ST ICE ill\nh\nrefuse to work for the crown) without acknowledging when they were\nwriting, or even sometimes what\nthey had been writing about. He\njust took everything apart (part of\nthe legal process?) interposing\nsentences on each other with no\noriginal context. As long as somebody had said it, he would use it.\nHe did a great job of sounding\npretty peculiar.\nHe put forward the argument\nthat First Nations people at the\nturn ofthe century were not really\nserious about land. Instead, Willms\nargued that missionaries made the\n\"Indians\" (sic) claim land; he\nthereby denied the ownership and\nstewardship of the territories by\nthe Gitksan and Wef suwet'en\n\"We say that the extinguishment theories advanced by the Respondent and the Amicus amount to exceptions to the theft rule. The\ncriminal law upholds a fundamental injunction against theft ... Yet,\nthe extinguishment doctrines are all based on the taking of land or\nresources which belong to another people without paying for them or\ngetting their consent.\"\n\"And I say, my lords, that the unspoken arguments in favor of\nextinguishment sound in fears by non-Indian people and governments that recognition will cost too much money or will cause chaos\nin the non-Indian economy ... But, my lords, the declarations which\nthe Appellants are seeking are not primarily about money. You have\nheard submissions for a year and I don't think you have heard the\nword \"money' used. They are about respect, recognition, and survival\nas peoples in relation to their land.\"\n\"Aboriginal title has nothing to do with England owning land, but has\neverything to do with the fact that aboriginal people were the owners\nof their homelands, before the assertion of Crown sovereignty. The\nAppellants say that aboriginal rights to the land are neither derived\nfrom Crown grants; nor are they defined by reference to notions of\nEnglish property law.. .\"\n\u2022Louise Mandell, lawyer for the Gitksan and Wet'suwet'en Hereditary Chiefs, Appeal, 1992.\npeoples prior to\u2014and following\u2014\ncolonization.\nAnd Willms further argued\nthat historic documents like petitions are not genuine forms of \"Indian protest\" (sic) because they\nare \"non-Indian.\"\nThis means, \"Indian (sic) interest\nin land was largely\nartificial.\" Yet\nagain, this argument is based on\nracist ideas about\nwhat really constitutes an \"Indian\".\nThe final bit of\nnon-wisdom from\nWillms regards the\nFeast, the central\neconomic, social,\nlegal, spiritual and\npolitical institution\nof the Gitksan and\nWef suwet'en Nations. The Feast\nwas outlawed by\nwhite governments\nfrom 1884 until\n1951 and several\nFirst Nations\npeople served time\nin jail for dancing\nor singing. However, the Feast continued and continues.\nWillms said, using a 1960s white\nanthropologist to\nback up his statements, that the\nFeast was maintained just so the\nFirst Nations\npeople could claim\nland against the\ngovernment. Tome,\nWillms was trying\nto make First Nations people look\nlike vindictive land grabbers.\nThe whole court room gasped\nat his claims. Judge Hutcheon sat\nup and harassed Willms, saying\nthe court had recently heard a\ngreat deal about the Feast and it\nhad had little to do with boundaries.\nFinally, Willms admitted he\ncouldn't explain that.\nThe court process requires\nGitksan and Wef suwet'en people\nto explain, prove, and justify their\nexistence. Those of us who are\nwhite are not in court explaining\nour societies, although we are the\nones who have committed theft.\nThese court processes are a\ncontinuing part of colonization on\nthe part of white folks, and part of\na continuing resistance by the\nGitksan and Wet'suwef en people.\nHowever, it is non-Native folks\nwho are living on stolen land and\nwho need to negotiate with First\nNations people about our governments' claims to First Nations\nland.\nThe Gitksan and\nWefsuwefen Nations took the\nprovincial government to court\nbecause it refused to negotiate with\nthem. The broader political issues\nremain: non-First Nations governments need to fucking get down\nand negotiate. Negotiate ownership and jurisdiction. Acknowledge\nthat First Nations people own this\nprovince and we have to get on\nwith negotiating our place on their\nland. Negotiate what we as non-\nNative people are going to do to\ncompensate for a couple of hundred years of living on stolen land,\nand what we're going to do next.\nJuly 30,1992\nTHE UBYSSEY\/9 the Ubyssey\nJuly 30,1992\nThe Summer Ubyssey is published Wednesdays by the Alma Mater Society of the\nUniversity of British Columbia. Editorial opinions are those of the staff and not\nnecessarily those of the university administration, or of the sponsor. The editorial\noffice is room 241Kof the Student Union Building. Editorial Department, phone 822-\n2301; advertising, 822-3977; FAX 822-9279.\nThe Ubyssey is a founding member of\nCanadian University Press\nEverything wu buwiM u usual until Charlie Gillie exclaimed, \"Hay collegiate cmirades V mine, is it tut time once again\nfor the majestic annual fireworks dit^tleyTr\n\"Yeemh,\" Carol FarreU reacted both enthusiastically and provocatively. \"Let's goP\nKick Hiebert was disenchanted with the parking ablation but refused to be in a bad mood. Dunn. Martin Chaster cheerftilly\nhanded ovw|6 for theprivikgeoftanpoi--aryveUdepls\nunl*\u00bb\u2014 *ava\u00bbynn*> dn-w th-w trmtiti--m\u00abl hri-rtg^m.tha.flww\u00bb-arif i-itaia] involving ahai-p painty thi*ng\u00bbi**n-p->Kng that nirni lawn,' TWk\nBirfiop insisted. This completed, Sem Green led the way (utilising non-hierarchical and non-authoritative methods, of course),\nsinging, \"I would walk 600 miles\" lmtil we arrived. She encouraged Ellen Pond to mask any ill thought out plana to be sociable\nand join the much larger anticipatory throng of people.\n1 need to use a washroom,\" a pamc-stricksn Lucho van Isschot complained, squirming restlessly, Graham Csmsron chimed\nin a heart-rending \"ma too\" wtach prompted the pair to begin th\u00abr t-anporal pilgrimage. On the way, they passed one of Bob\nKealrm^tho-apy groups in sessusn, aiidjonediiLTn^ Nadene Behnby, impatient now,\nyelled out, \"Start the damn show, yon faeristeiT Oblivious to the shouting, Chrissy Johnston was busy rounding up supporters\nfir her latest cause\u2014for ths Figfc* Largs Sarthworma Who Make it Difficult to at Down on Oraas During tha Night (