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Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the list of Internet Media Types [MIME]."}],"FullText":[{"label":"Full Text","value":" PROVINCE OF BRITISH COLUMBIA\nDivision of\nVenereal Disease Control\nDepartment of Health and Welfare\nANNUAL REPORT\nFor the Year 1955\nVICTORIA, B.C.\nPrinted by Don McDiaemid, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty\n1956  \u2022\nVictoria, B.C., July 10th, 1956.\nTo His Honour Frank Mackenzie Ross, C.M.G., M.C.,\nLieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia.\nMay it please Your Honour:\nThe undersigned has the honour to present the Report on Venereal Disease in the\nProvince of British Columbia for the year 1955.\nERIC MARTIN,\nMinister of Health and Welfare.\n!\u25a0\u25a0 Department of Health and Welfare (Health Branch) ,\nVictoria, B.C., July 10th, 1956.\nThe Honourable Eric Martin,\nMinister of Health and Welfare, Victoria, B.C.\nSir,\u2014I beg to submit the Annual Report on the work of the Division of Venereal\nDisease Control of the Department of Health and Welfare for the year January 1st to\nDecember 31st, 1955.\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour obedient servant,\nG. F. AMYOT, M.D., D.P.H.,\nDeputy Minister of Health.\nDepartment of Health and Welfare (Health Branch),\nDivision of Venereal Disease Control,\n828 West Tenth Avenue,\nVancouver 9, B.C., July 10th, 1956.\nG. F. Amyot, Esq., M.D., D.P.H.,\nDeputy Minister of Health, Victoria, B.C.\nSir,\u2014I beg to submit the Annual Report on the work of the Division of Venereal\nDisease Control of the Department of Health and Welfare for the year January 1st to\nDecember 31st, 1955.\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour obedient servant,\nA. A. LARSEN, B.A., M.D., D.P.H.,\nDirector, Division of Venereal Disease Control. TABLE OF CONTENTS\nPage\n1. List of Tables    6\n2. List of Charts  6\n3. Organization Chart  7\n4. Epidemiology \u25a0-    9\n5. Treatment _  10\n6. Social Service   :  11\n7. Education      12\n8. Administration    13\n9. Statistical Section ,  14 STATISTICAL SECTION\nLIST OF TABLES\nTable Page\nI. New Notifications of Venereal Infection and Rate per 100,000 Population,\n1941-55  14\nII. New Notifications of Venereal Infection Classified according to Reporting\nAgency, Sex, and Diagnosis, British Columbia, 1955  16\nIII. New Notifications of Venereal Infection Classified according to Age-group,\nSex, and Diagnosis, British Columbia, 1955  18\nIV. New Notification of Gonorrhoea by Age-groups and Sex, British Columbia,\n1946-55   20\nV. New Cases of Gonorrhoea Reported in British Columbia, by Age-groups and\nMarital Status, 1955  21\nVI. Patient-visits at All Clinics of the Division of Venereal Disease Control Classified according to Diagnosis, 1946-55  21\nVII. Male Contacts Named by Female Gonorrhoea Cases according to Reporting\nAgency, 1949-55  22\nVIII. Female Contacts Named by Male Gonorrhoea Cases according to Reporting\nAgency, 1949-55  22\nIX. Places of Meeting Reported as Facilitating the Spread of Venereal Disease,\n1951-55  26\nX. Places of Exposure Reported as Facilitating the Spread of Venereal Diseease,\n1951-55  26\nXL Contact to Venereal Infection Classified according to Result of Examination\nand Reporting Agency, British Columbia, 1955  27\nXII. Report of Laboratory Work Done by the Division of Laboratories relating to\nthe Diagnosis and Treatment of Venereal Disease for All Agencies in\nBritish Columbia, 1955  28\nXIII. New Notifications of Syphilis and Gonorrhoea by Health Units and School\nDistricts, British Columbia, 1951-55  29\nLIST OF CHARTS\nChart\nI. New Notifications of Venereal Infection and Rates per 100,000 Population,\n1941-55  15\nII. Semi-annual Gonorrhoea Indices by Sex and Reporting Agency, British Columbia,\n1949-55  25 r- j\nz\n\"82\ne t-\n.S \u2022<\n- >\no fit\nc *\"\no w\nz\no\nu\nw\n<\nX    <\nS, z\n6 >\nO\nH\nU\nz\no\n9 \u2022-  M\nc s  c m\n\u2022  \u00bbi.! .5\n\u2022- Z  %   v M   v\ns a * 1 s\nz\n3\no\no\n-I\n<\nu\no\nz\no\n>\na\na u\n> u vt\n|SZ\n~ o 2\n<<\nu\nS2\n'5 5  DIVISION OF VENEREAL DISEASE CONTROL\nANNUAL REPORT FOR THE YEAR 1955\nA. Larsen, Director\nThe decline in the total number of venereal-disease cases reported in British Columbia, which first became evident in 1947, has continued through 1955. In contrast to\nprevious years, the reduction this year is due solely to a decrease of about 170 in the\nnumber of cases of gonorrhoea reported. Though much remains to be done in the control\nof gonorrhoea, it is gratifying to find that the yearly improvement now appears to be a\nsteady one. It appears that the approach presently in use by this Division, to which\nreference will be made later, has now proved its value and should be continued and, if\npossible, further refined. For the first time in nine years the number of infectious syphilis\ncases reported and treated has not changed appreciably from the year before. This year\nthirteen new cases have been found. A review of these cases would appear to indicate\nthat there is still a small but definite reservoir of infection in British Columbia, probably\ncentred in Vancouver.\nSix cases of late congenital syphilis were reported this year. Although this is a\nmarked decline from five years ago, it is also a reminder that prenatal blood tests serve\na very real purpose and should be done on every expectant mother.\nThe number of cases of latent or symptomless syphilis brought to light this year has\nincreased by over one-third. This is an indication that there are still many people in our\nProvince infected with syphilis who are quite unaware that they have the disease.\nVenereal disease other than gonorrhoea and syphilis reported this year includes only eight\ncases of chancroid, and these, it would appear, were all contracted outside of this Province.\nEPIDEMIOLOGY\nAs the problem of infectious venereal disease in British Columbia declines, the role\nof the epidemiologist, in tracing sources of infection and tracing contacts to infected\npatients, becomes more important year by year.\nStudies recently completed by Dr. A. J. Nelson, a former Director of this Division,\nshow conclusively the value of carefully interviewing every patient regarding the source\nof infection and other possible contacts, and of making every effort to bring in everyone\nnamed, particularly females, for examination as quickly as possible. With this in mind,\nefforts are being continued to improve the techniques employed in patient-interviewing\nand in contact-tracing. The success or failure of this epidemiological approach to the\ncontrol of venereal disease hinges on the Division's receiving the fullest co-operation\nfrom private physicians and the many other agencies with whom it has to deal. The\nassistance that the Division has received from the Indian Health Service, the Canadian\nand American armed forces medical services, Vancouver City Police, the Greater Vancouver Metropolitan Health Committee, the British Columbia Hotels' Association, the\nLiquor Control Board, the Department of Citizenship and Immigration, the Washington\nState Department of Health, and the American Social Hygiene Association is acknowledged with pleasure.\nHealth units throughout the Province in the Bureau of Local Health Services have\ncontinued to act as the local representatives of this Division, and their staff members have\nspent a great deal of time tracing contacts and acting as consultants within their areas. J  10 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND WELFARE\nThe information that is being obtained from private physicians treating cases of venereal\ndisease appears to be improving yearly, and the Division is now able to trace many more\nof the contacts of these patients than it could formerly.\nThe supervisor of the Epidemiological Section has been made responsible for tabulating all information given by patients relating to place of meeting and place of exposure.\nFrom the information secured in this way in the current year, it would appear that no\nbawdy-houses are now in operation in British Columbia, and that most hotel and restaurant owners are co-operating very well and are making sincere efforts to prevent their\npremises from being used to facilitate the spread of venereal disease.\nIt was not felt necessary this year to hold the customary meetings with the armed\nservices, police, and hotel association to discuss problems relating to facilitation as they\naffected hotels, restaurants, and beer-parlours.\nThe \" call girl\" system, which has arisen in recent years, has continued to exist to\nsome degree and has made the work of the epidemiologists, in tracing sources of infection,\nmore difficult. The splendid co-operation received from the Vancouver City Police has\nenabled the Division to locate most of the contacts reported who fall into this group.\nAt the present time over 65 per cent of the contacts to new infections treated at the\nVancouver clinic are located in less than one day. Eighty-three per cent of all contacts\nreported are brought to treatment in less than three days, and fuUy 94 per cent have been\nfound, examined, and treated within two weeks. These figures, it is felt, compare favourably with other national or international results where the speed-zone method of tracing\nis employed.\nThe blood-testing survey instituted some years ago, as a summer project of this\nDepartment amongst the Indians of this Province, was continued again in the early\nsummer of the year. A member of the epidemiological staff spent some time at a large\ncannery along the west coast and took blood samples from many of the Indians and their\nfamilies working there.\nDuring 1955 requests were made for two field-visits from the staff for the purpose\nof studying the problem of veneral disease as related to homosexual practices in the area.\nDuring the past year over 100 nursing-school undergraduates and approximately\n40 university and metropolitan health service nurses were given instruction at the\nVancouver clinic in patient-interviewing and case-finding.\nTREATMENT\nSince 1949 the policy of the Division has been to deliberately overtreat patients\ndiagnosed as having gonorrhoea in order to prevent the development of concomitantly\nacquired syphilis. Though it is generally expected that about 3 per cent of the patients\nwill develop syphilis at the same time that they acquire a gonorrhoeal infection, no such\ncases have been reported in British Columbia in patients treated for gonorrhoea with the\n1.2 million units of penicillin which have been used since this programme began. During\nthis past summer a clinical survey was completed comparing the penicillin presently in use\nby this Division with one of the very long acting penicillins, in the hope that a product\ncould be found that would not only require fewer injections for the treatment of syphilis,\nbut that would also be easier to inject into the patient. The study, including penicillin\nblood level assays, was carried out by a senior medical student attached to this Division\nfor summer relief work and will be reported shortly in a separate paper. At the present\ntime several of the newer medium-acting penicillins are being tested in an attempt to\ndetermine whether a product can be found that is easier to give than the ones presently\nin use.\nDuring the past year several changes have been made in the clinics maintained by\nthis Division. Night hours have been discontinued at the main Vancouver clinic due to\nlack of attendance, and the weekly visit by members of the staff to the Girls' Industrial VENEREAL DISEASE CONTROL REPORT,  1955\nJ  11\nSchool has been discontinued as of November 1st, at which time the Industrial School\nestablished its own part-time medical service. Inmates of this School will now be\nexamined by their own medical staff, and problem cases will be referred to the Vancouver\nclinic on a consultative basis.\nThe number of patients attending the clinic at Health Unit No. 1 on Abbott Street,\nVancouver, has increased by more than 50 per cent over the past year. The geographic\nsituation of this clinic in the centre of the down-town area probably accounts for this\nincrease. Clinics are timed to run through the noon hour at Health Unit No. 1 in order\nto accommodate those patients who are unable to get time off from work. A physician\nis now in attendance from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. two days a week. Negotiations are now under\nway toward improving the physical arrangements of the clinic, and some thought is being\ngiven to increasing the number of days that a doctor will be in attendance.\nThe new City Gaol, which is to be opened early in the new year, will very much\nimprove facilities for the Division's diagnostic and treatment clinic that has been in\noperation there for a number of years. Clinics at Oakalla Prison Farm, Juvenile Detention Home, Prince George and Prince Rupert Gaols, the Simon Fraser Health Unit in\nNew Westminster, and Victoria have continued unchanged throughout the year.\nA public health nurse from our epidemiological staff has been seconded to the\nCariboo Health Unit at Prince George to assist that health unit in its venereal-disease\ncontrol programme because of the large number of cases being reported from that area.\nIn order that no person in British Columbia may be deprived of the proper treatment\nfor any venereal disease that he might have contracted, due to his inability to pay for the\nnecessary drugs, this Division still supplies free drugs to all private physicians for the\ntreatment of any patient whom they report as having a venereal disease. The drugs are\nmade available through the Vancouver clinic in the metropolitan area and through the\nhealth units in the rest of the Province. In addition, depots are maintained in some of the\nisolated hospitals for the convenience of the physicians practising there.\nSOCIAL SERVICE\nThe Social Welfare Department has continued its policy of previous years of assigning a trained social worker to the Vancouver clinic, though, due to staff shortages, no\nworker was available for the first five months of the year. The social worker's role at the\nVancouver clinic is to give a direct but short-term service to those patients who appear\nto need his assistance and to refer patients to other community agencies for help with\nwhatever problems they have presented. As venereal disease is seldom the major problem\nbut is merely symptomatic of other difficulties, it is not possible to carry on a lengthy\ncasework type of treatment service at the Vancouver clinic. The direct short-term service\nis focused on the patient's immediate problems which have necessitated a visit to the clinic\nfor medical treatment. Many patients are found to require help with their feelings about\ntheir infection and about the general implications of their behaviour. This type of treatment is designed to support the patient and to ascertain what the immediate and underlying problems might be and what plans might be made to assist the patient so that he\nmay make a start at seeking a solution to them.\nDuring the seven-month period in which a social worker was available, 609 patient-\ninterviews were held. More than three-quarters of the patients seen were thought to have\nthe capacity to gain some insight into the reasons why they have acquired a venereal\ndisease. The remainder were mainly patients who came within the repeater category,\nwhose promiscuous behaviour was a reflection of their casual way of life, which was\nunlikely to be changed by anything that the Division could do. The experience of the\nsocial worker at the Vancouver clinic has demonstrated the need for expanding the community services giving aid to people in the 15- to 30-year age-group. In British Columbia\nsingle men between 20 and 34 years of age and single women between 15 and 24 years J  12 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND WELFARE\nconstitute the greatest problem. To be helpful to these patients, such a community agency\nwould have to have evening hours, since most of the patients in this age-group are\nworking. In referring patients to existing agencies, the Division has at times experienced\ndifficulty because of a prejudice against the patient when the referral came from a venereal-\ndisease clinic. This prejudice, it is felt, is inappropriate and calls for continued interpretation to social workers and workers in allied agencies in the community. In every\ninstance it was very apparent that the community out-patient resources for psychiatric\nreferrals were far too limited.\nWith the increase in effectiveness of both the medical treatment and the epidemiological control over venereal disease, it has become increasingly apparent that the social\nand psychological aspects of venereal disease are of primary importance in any control\nprogramme. The real roots of venereal disease lie in the patient's lack of social or personal adjustment, and whatever can be done toward alleviating those conditions which\npredispose the individual toward promiscuity will affect positively the total venereal-\ndisease control programme.\nAs in previous years, the clinic social worker took part in the Division's training\nprogramme and lectured to undergraduate nurses, public health nurses, and social-work\nstudents. In addition, he has now undertaken to spend some time with each new member\nof the clerical staff of this Division explaining the purposes and implications of the total\nvenereal-disease control programme.\nEDUCATION\nPatient and public education about venereal diseases and their control is considered\nan important part of the work of this Division. Responsibility in this field is shared\nbetween the Divisions of Venereal Disease Control and Public Health Education and the\nhealth units, who act as the local representatives of both Divisions throughout the Province. Professional education in the field of venereal disease has been the main activity\nof this Division. A total of forty lectures were presented during this past year by members\nof the staff to student-nurses in the six nursing schools of the Province, as well as instructions to psychiatric nursing students at Essondale and to selected groups of similar students\nfrom the Vancouver Vocational School. A one-day symposium was presented to a senior\nclass of nursing students at the University of British Columbia in June, in which an\noutline of the processes involved in an effective venereal-disease control programme were\npresented. Nursing students from the Vancouver General Hospital are given an intensive\nthree-day course which takes them through all the sections of the Division. Three\nstudents are received each week throughout the year. The programme now includes a\nseries of lectures on the medical aspects, epidemiology, social-work processes, and public\nhealth nursing aspects of venereal disease. Clinical experience is provided by having the\nnurse assist in treatment procedures and in contact-tracing.\nA period of orientation is provided for new nurses coming on to the staff of the\nMetropolitan Health Committee and for nurses joining the World Health Organization,\nas well as for new Provincial public health personnel. Medical students from the University of British Columbia spent some time in the Division, as in former years.\nAs always, patient education played a prominent part in the Division's programme\nthrough individual interviews and the supplying of pamphlets and booklets dealing with\nvenereal disease to the patients attending clinics.\nThese same pamphlets and booklets were also provided on request to individuals\nand groups who were interested in the control of venereal disease. A quantity of the new\npamphlet entitled \" Syphilis, the Invader \" was purchased this year for distribution, and\na very excellent and up-to-date film of the same name is being purchased and will be used\nas part of the lay educational programme. VENEREAL DISEASE CONTROL REPORT,  1955\nJ 13\nA reorganization of the educational section of the Division took place in August of\nthis year. At that time the responsibility for the educational programme was given to\na well-qualified nurse who had just returned from a year's postgraduate work at the University of British Columbia, where she received her certificate in teaching and supervision.\nADMINISTRATION\nThe most outstanding event of the year was, of course, the move of this Division\nfrom its previous temporary headquarters, where it had been located for thirty-five years,\nto modern permanent quarters in the new Provincial Health Building on Tenth Avenue,\nVancouver. In October of this year Dr. W. S. Maddin resigned as Director of the Division\nto enter private practice and is now acting as a consultant to the Division in dermatology\nand venereology. The position of Director has now been combined with that of Consultant in Epidemiology.\nFederal health grants continued to assist the operation of this Division greatly. As\nwell as being used to purchase drugs, this year funds were made available for the employment of a third-year medical student to act as a relief epidemiologist and laboratory\ntechnician. In addition to his regular work, this medical student carried out the blood-\ntesting survey of Indians up the coast and the experimental work on the new longer-acting\npenicillins previously mentioned. The Division was also able to assist in the maintenance\nof the University of British Columbia Bio-medical Library through the allocation of funds\nfor the purpose of up-to-date literature on venereal disease. The special study being\nconducted by Dr. D. K. Ford at the British Columbia Research Institute on the etiology\nof non-specific urethritis continued throughout this year.\nAt the present time this Division has arranged with the Provincial laboratories in\nOntario and the laboratories of the Federal department of health in Ottawa to do approximately 80 T.P.I, tests per month free of charge. These tests are proving very valuable\nin the diagnostic problems relating to syphilis that so frequently occur. It is hoped that\nbefore too long arrangements may be made to have the test done in the Division of\nLaboratories. As a first move toward this, it is hoped that early in the new year the\nProvincial laboratories will take over the handling of the tests and the reporting of the\nresults to private physicians. The assistance that has been given to the Division up to\nthis time by the Federal and Ontario health departments is gratefully acknowledged.\nTwo members of the staff were granted leave of absence during the year to continue\ntheir education. The nursing instructress attended the University of British Columbia to\ntake the course in teaching and supervision. The senior epidemiology-worker was granted\nleave of absence to take the short-term course in the techniques of epidemiology offered\nby the United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare in Los Angeles, Calif.\nIn December Dr. W. S. Maddin attended the conference of the American Academy of\nDermatology and Syphilology at Chicago for the purpose of studying recent developments\nin the techniques and management of syphilis. In May Dr. A. J. Nelson attended the\nOttawa conference of Directors of the Divisions of Venereal Disease Control for the\nCanadian Provinces. The Division has received the usual excellent co-operation from\nthe Divisions of Laboratories, Vital Statistics, and Public Health Education, and would\nlike at this time to express deep appreciation for the help and assistance provided. J 14\nDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND WELFARE\nSB\nO\nH\nW\nw\np\nH\nXI\nin\nto\nI\nO\ni\u2014i\nH\n<\nPL,\no\no\no\nq\no\"\no\nPi\nW\nPL,\np\n<\no\nI\u2014I\nH\nb\nw\nE\ng\n>\no\nGO\nO\nH\n<\nU\nM\nHh\nP\nO\nw\n%\na\nPQ\n<\n\"s\nIS\nr\nV\noc\nt-. O VO O\nc4 i> *rf \u00a9\\\nC\nVD\nOO \"\u00abf\no od\nr-\no\n(2\nrno\\HOifir>r>HOr-tNwciNH\nM^'tinirnoinTt^tcnMntNNtN\n\"1\nS\u00b0\nis\nlOHXt^ViO^^viO^hcONO\ntHmnTto\\o\\mo\\^nriooii-i\no\nr-'*r-r~MraMn'*oioo'l-(Ncot--\nR\n(Nmm^if^oiri,*,J'Jt<icnnNiN\n|     !     !     !     !hO\\\\Ohnt\u00ab3TrN(0\n|     jOfNOOOOOOi-nO\ni^ to\n8(5\no\n1    \\    1    :    :\\0\\Ooor-omr-ONoo\\q\ns\nTt*0(NtNH^HOrid\n6\n0\nr\n\u00a3 is\n!    :    :    :    : \\c m o o \u2014h>oh^co\n!'*hfrirOHH(NiHr')\ns*\n\u00ab_,\nOr3\nT^v^in^t^o\\ON^Ti-cNrHoo'^o*ood\nM\nat\nio^ootNr*ooior^MntNO\u00ab\/n<*iO\\\n1\nir!co*\u00a9r^^oo^\u00a9^r^oorn^dror^\n\u00a3\noaooo\\tNH\\o<n,tm(S'-iHH\no\nr>\u00ab      j,\u201e\nIf\n\u00ab00i-iONcj\\tNirir~tNHinvOn~''*\n^o\u00bbn^oc^ooo\\o\\w-(<^'<4-'H\/r-or-ro\n000CO>O\\W(Nr-i\\O^'O^,(NM^(N\n*<-\u00ab\nO-i\n111\n\\Ofnco\\Dt~-OOOt~-tT\\iritNrntSi-iO\nrlrirltNriritNHciddoddd\nM\nH\n\u2022o\ns\no\no\nmcj^;m\\oii*iOHirnoMO\\\u00abNH\niriinr'md6\u00abii>MiH,o'6dd6\nCO\n--i (N cn r-<\nCO\nH Ih\n1*\nm*nr-vov>Npr-r~a\\\u00a9\\\nOn ^h\nr- m th\nHH[SM\nU-l\nt-H  0)r,\nTto\u00bbHTl;^mc\u00bb\u00abf>jqt~;\\D'Cv;in\n>.\nciri^' ^coaiomtN'-'dddod\nn\n\u00a7\n4>\nm^-tSmTj-iOT-iooi>mo-)ini-'0\nrt\ntf\n\u00ab^t^r^r^rio\\<no\\rn\"(Nc4'-\"i--\"'-'\nH\nHrtHtSTf\u00abmrl\ns\nE i-i\n(NO\\v-i^tocooofNC5rNr-r-iO\\^fm\n\u2014 tu\nOM^inininNO^O'tNMHrtH\n1-\u00b0\n\u00ab\"* cn \u25a0<* \\D -^ i-h i-i\nnidcd6dcdr^o\\!Ninr-6(NtNd\nH\na\n1\n\\or-\\or-r-\\o\\or-oooc\nqo a\nCJ\\ Ol Q\\\nJD\nsOOsO\\r^O'<tscinsor~*&sOrrst>'-<\nrt\ntn \u00ab m d h d oo ff! h co \u00ab ai h d h*\nM\nA\nHhM*ct>*OM(nmHcomtHt>\n0\na\no\n0\ntNiNtNmrnTtmmmmtNtNiNtNH\n\u00b1\nr~CT\\lr>00-\u2014  OO^OOTj-r-VOCOOOOO-^t\n5 o\ntOm^i-iHifiOO\\tNno\\\u00ab*Ocj\\\nIS \"^v yi cn, f*\u00ab \\p q^^yjm 9,\u00b0l'\u00b0.,t\n*-T fS tNfn m \u25a0rf Tf\" n n n n n fN rl <N\nH\n3\n><\ntN\nCf\nn\nV\nvc\nr-\noc\n0\"\nC\n<S\nf\nTt\nir\nTf   TJ\n^\ntf Tt\n\"3\n^ tJ\n\u2022^\nir\nmmir\nm v-\na\na\na<\no*\na\na\nas\no-\nCT\n9)\no\na\na^\no^\na^\n8 w\nJ3  M\nMl-] VENEREAL DISEASE CONTROL REPORT, 1955\nJ  15\nThe downward trend in the total number of reported cases of venereal disease in\nBritish Columbia has continued through 1955 though at a reduced rate. This year the\ndecrease is only 5 per cent, compared with a 10-per-cent drop in 1954. The rate per\n100,000 population has also continued its decline, being 210.7. This compares with a\nhigh of 677 per 100,000 in 1946.\nGonorrhoea, as always, has been the main venereal-disease problem, accounting this\nyear for 90.7 per cent of all cases reported, though again the rate of 191 per 100,000 of\npopulation continues the steady decline first begun in 1946.\nOnly 13 cases of infectious syphilis were reported to us, as compared to 645 cases\nten years ago. This is a striking conquest of a very serious communicable disease. The\nnumber of cases of latent or symptomless syphilis discovered increased this year by\napproximately 25 per cent, indicating that present case-finding methods are effective and\nthat our efforts should not be relaxed.\nCHART I.\u2014NEW NOTIFICATIONS OF VENEREAL INFECTION,\nBRITISH COLUMBIA, 1955\n(Rates per 100,000 population.)\nRATE\n700\n600\n500\n400\n300\n200\n100\n^TOTAL\nG\u00b0X\n\\\ny,*-\n>\n\t\n-  ___\n\"\n^\n-^^^*\nvifWUL\n1942   1943   1944   1945   1946   1947   1948   1949   1950   1951   1952   1953   1954  1955 J  16\nDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND WELFARE\nTABLE II.\u2014-NEW NOTIFICATIONS OF VENEREAL INFECTION CLASSIFIED\nACCORDING TO REPORTING AGENCY, SEX, AND DIAGNOSIS, BRITISH\nCOLUMBIA, 1955.\nReporting Agency\nGonorrhoea\nA o\nOZ\n\u00a7 c\nOS\nSyphilis\nAcquired\no2\n61\n> o\nOC\no\nTotals     \t\n .T.\nM.\nF.\n .T.\nM.\nF.\n- T.\nM.\nF.\nT.\nM.\nF.\nNew Westminster\t\n T.\nM.\nF.\nOakalla \t\n; .\" T.\nM.\nF.\nGirls' Industrial School and Juvenile Detention Home T.\nM.\nF.\nMetropolitan Health Committee\nClinics   T.\nM.\nF.\nOther sources .\nPrivate physicians\nIndian Health Services-\nDepartment   of  National   Defence  T.\nM.\nF.\nHospitals     T.\nOther\n2,494\n1,878\n616\n1,125\n716\n409\n775\n515\n260\n39\n24\n15\n223\n167\n56\n1,369\n1,162\n207\n1,125\n978\n147\n34\n22\n12\n1   2,493\n1 | 1,877\n616\n146 |\n99 |\n47 |\n1,125\n716\n409\n775\n515\n260\n39\n24\n15\n223\n167\n56\n1,368\n1,161\n207\n1,124\n977\n147\n34\n22\n12\n64\n63\n1\n146\n99\n47\n248\n175\n73\n87\n72\n15\n71\n59\n12\n9\n7\n2\n161\n103\n58\n121\n73\n48\n7\n4\n3\n6.\\,\n6|.\n23    145\n18     94\n5 j   51\n13 |   44\n12 |   36\n1\n| ...... |     1|     8 |\n37 |\n31 |\n6|\n4\n2|\n2\n10 101\n6 58\n4     43\n12\n2|\nM\n1,1\n1\n1\n1|\n11\n2,750\n2,060\n690\n1,217\n793\n424\n849\n577\n272\n50\n33\n17\n56\n16\n40\n38\n38\n224\n167\n57\n1,533\n1,267\n266\n1,248\n1,052\n196\n41\n26\n15\n70\n69\n1\n165\n111\n54 VENEREAL DISEASE CONTROL REPORT,  1955\nJ 17\nWhen one classifies the new notifications of gonorrhoea according to reporting\nagency, it can be seen that the clinics of the Division and all the private physicians in\nthe Province reported an equal number of cases in 1955, each accounting for 44.9 per\ncent of new cases discovered. The remainder were reported for the most part by the\nvarious Federal Government health agencies.\nPrivate physicians also reported 49 per cent of the total number of new cases of\nsyphilis discovered during the year. Of these, only 1 case was in the infectious stage.\nThe clinics of the Division first saw 9 out of the 14 cases of infectious syphilis discovered\nand reported 28 per cent of the total number of newly found cases of syphilis. The clinic\nmaintained at Health Unit No. 1 continues to be a fruitful source of new cases of gonorrhoea. This year 223 cases were diagnosed there, which is an increase of 70 over\n1954. An increase of over 400 per cent is recorded in the number of cases of gonorrhoea\nrevealed at the Girls' Industrial School and Juvenile Detention Home, 39 cases being\nfound in 1955, as compared with only 9 in 1954, in these two institutions. The ratio\nof male to female cases reported this year is 1.8 to 1 for the clinics of the Division and\n5.3 to 1 for the private physicians. The difference in these ratios shows that females\nare not being brought to treatment in the way that they should be, and shows where\nincreased effort could be directed with advantage. One key to the control of gonorrhoea\nin this Province would appear to lie in the locating and treating of more female contacts\nto male patients reported by private physicians.\n' J  18\nDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND WELFARE\nTABLE III.\u2014NEW NOTIFICATIONS OF VENEREAL INFECTION CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO AGE-GROUPS, SEX, AND DIAGNOSIS, BRITISH\nCOLUMBIA, 1955.\nAge-group\nGonorrhoea\ncd E\nif\nS o\nSI O\nOZ\n0\nSyphilis\nAcquired\n> o\nOC\nTotals\nUnder 1 year\n1- 4 years\n5- 9\n10-14\n15-19\n20-24\n30-34\n35-39\n40-44\n45-49\n50-59     \u201e\n60-69\n70-79\n80 years and over\nNot stated\n...T.\nM.\nF.\n...T.\nM.\nF.\n. T.\nM.\nF.\n...T.\nM.\nF.\nT.\nM.\nF.\n_T.\nM.\nF.\n_T.\nM.\nF.\n...T.\nM.\nF.\n. T.\nM.\nF.\n...T.\nM.\nF.\n_T.\nM.\nF.\n. T.\nM.\nF.\n_T.\nM.\nF.\n...T.\nM.\nF.\n...T.\nM.\nF.\n...T.\nM.\nF.\n_T.\nM.\nF.\n2,494\n1,878\n616\n6\n6\n10\n10\n221\n97\n124\n647\n481\n166\n610\n479\n131\n378\n306\n72\n186\n153\n33\n141\n120\n21\n83\n59\n24\n86\n76\n10\n17\n17\n103\n86\n17\n2,493\n1,877\n616\n24S\n175\n73\n10]\n221\n97\n124\n647\n481\n166\n610\n479\n131\n378\n306\n72\n186     21\n153     14\n331      7\n141\n120\n21\n83\n59\n24\n86\n76\n10\n17\n17\n103\n86\n17\n145\n94\n51\nI\n8|2,750\n7|2,060\n1|   690\nI\n-        1\n....|       1\n-I-\t\n6\n6\n11\n1\n10\n225\n98\nII    127\n666\n496\n170\n638\n494\n144\n392\n314\n78\n208\n168\n40\n156\n130\n26\n110\n75\n35\n136\n110\n26\n69\n65\n4\n18\n15\n3\n5\n4\n1\n107\n89\n18 VENEREAL DISEASE CONTROL REPORT,  1955\nJ  19\nAs in previous years, the greatest number of cases of venereal disease continued to\nbe reported in the 20-24-year age-group. One quarter of all cases reported to us occurred\nin this five-year group. In the age-group 10-20 years there were 231 cases of gonorrhoea\nreported, of which 134 were in the female.\nNinety-three per cent of all syphilis reported was diagnosed as non-infectious. Half\nof these cases occurred in the over 50-year age-group and are considered to have come\nfrom the reservoir of undiscovered cases built up before Venereal Disease Control services\nbecame as active as they are now. Twenty-seven per cent of the late and non-infectious\ncases of syphilis had already developed symptoms of heart or brain damage at the time\nof diagnosis. J 20\nDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND WELFARE\nTABLE IV.-\n-NEW\nNOTIFICATIONS\nOF GONORRHOEA BY AGE-GROUPS\nAND SEX, BRITISH COLUMBIA,  1946-55\n(Rates per 100,000 population.)\nAge-group\n1946\n1947\n1948\n1949   |    1950\n1\n1951\n1952\n1953\n1954\n1955\n0- 4 years.\t\n_ T.\n21\n3\n6\n5\n6\n4\n1\n4\n2\nM.\n13\n4\n5\n2    |   \t\n1\nF.\n29\n2\n8\n10\n10\n7\n3\n9\n3\n5- 9     \u201e    \t\nT.\nM.\n18\n3\n15\n2\n9\n2\n6\n9\n2\n2\n4\n2\n4\n5\nF.\n33\n28\n16\n12\n18\n4\n4\n7\n9\n10\n10-14     \u201e    \t\n T.\n22\n4\n7\n7\n29\n15\n5\n2\n5\n10\nM.\n9\n3\n6\n3\n3\n2\n2\nF.\n36\n6\n9\n11\n58\n28\n10\n5\n9\n20\n15-19     \u201e    \t\n_  T.\n583\n533\n446\n407\n480\n412\n359\n280\n267\n273\nM.\n515\n474\n354\n309\n377\n436\n304\n266\n267\n235\nF.\n650\n590\n539\n507\n585\n386\n415\n293\n266\n313\n20-24     \u201e    \t\n  T.\n1,677\n1,545\n1,270\n1,346\n1,305\n1,196\n1,259\n1,062\n975\n829\nM.\n2,338\n2,197\n1,765\n1,759\n1,686\n1,697\n1,652\n1,545\n1,497\n1,240\nF.\n1,058\n950\n796\n956\n939\n708\n873\n579\n460\n423\n25-29     \u201e\t\n T.\n1,127\n978\n914\n927\n894\n845\n827\n797\n639\n669\nM.\n1,722\n1,541\n1,427\n1,355\n1,281\n1,335\n1,281\n1,301\n1,067\n1,071\nF.\n557\n441\n423\n517\n532\n399\n407\n329\n232\n282\n30-34     \u201e\t\n T.\n651\n487\n476\n457\n487\n526\n502\n462\n432\n395\nM.\n1,005\n793\n755\n717\n751\n872\n795\n737\n741\n671\nF.\n299\n181\n203\n200\n241\n217\n239\n216\n153\n144\n35-39     \u201e    \t\n T.\n443\n399\n377\n368\n353\n290\n277\n252\n213\n192\nM.\n690\n625\n596\n544\n549\n459\n451\n440\n361\n326\nF.\n168\n155\n153\n190\n165\n124\n108\n72\n73\n66\n40-44     \u201e\t\n T.\n331\n261\n250\n282\n232\n236\n235\n173\n167\n155\nM.\n489\n418\n379\n398\n352\n366\n359\n290\n286\n263\nF.\n141\n76\n103\n153\n104\n94\n102\n53\n46\n46\n45-49     \u201e     \t\n     T.\n223\n199\n190\n188\n212\n164\n170\n141\n126\n109\nM.\n355\n300\n299\n292\n343\n273\n271\n213\n207\n147\nF.\n69\n79\n65\n70\n58\n33\n51\n58\n35\n66\n50-54     \u201e    \t\n T.\n104\n107\n102\n118\n107\n110\n121\n105\n81\n66\nM.\n181\n190\n164\n193\n167\n174\n207\n172\n139\n104\nF.\n16\n12\n30\n33\n40\n39\n25\n27\n17\n23\n55-59     \u201e    \t\n T.\n66\n61\n49\n61\n78\n69\n41\n40\n55\n75\nM.\n107\n107\n76\n102\n132\n120\n64\n59\n92\n134\nF.\n12\n4\n15\n11\n16\n16\n15\n18\n15\n11\n60-64     \u201e     \t\n T.\n57\n50\n30\n49\n36\n36\n50\n46\n47\n9\nM.\n92\n83\n54\n82\n62\n63\n89\n80\n89\n18\nF.\n10\n5\n8\n4\n4\n4\n8\n65-69     \u201e   \t\n     T.\n23\n24\n31\n19\n26\n21\n17\n17\n31\n23\nM.\n40\n38\n53\n33\n42\n37\n30\n31\n46\n43\nF.\n6\n5\n13\n70 years and over\t\n T.\n8\n14\n11\n13\n9\n7\n15\n7\n3\n3\nM.\n10\n23\n20\n21\n16\n12\n28\n13\n6\n6\nAll ages\t\nF.\n T.\n4\n3\n404\n388\n333\n332\n319\n286\n266\n241\n211\n191\nM.\n561\n539\n458\n435\n416\n412\n368\n356\n325\n203\nF.\n235\n225\n199\n220\n217\n154\n160\n121\n92\n96 VENEREAL DISEASE CONTROL REPORT,  1955\nJ 21\nThis table shows that the total rate per 100,000 of population for all age-groups has\ncontinued to decline. For the first time in a number of years though there is evidence of\nan increased rate in four of the age-groups. The fact that the rate in the 15\u201419-year\nage-group has not declined as rapidly as in the 20-29-year age-group, and has indeed\nincreased in 1955 in the face of the general downward trend, has given us cause for some\nconcern. It is worthy of note also that only among those under 20 years of age is the\nrate for females higher than that for males.\nTABLE V.\u2014NEW CASES OF GONORRHOEA REPORTED IN BRITISH\nCOLUMBIA, BY AGE-GROUPS AND MARITAL STATUS, 1955\nAge-group\nSingle\nWidowed and Divorced\nMarried1\nMale\nFemale\nMale\nFemale\nMale\nFemale\n15-19 years  \t\n20-24    \u201e    \t\n96\n422\n582\n165\n54\n26\n6\n109\n110\n85\n8\n5\n2\n15\n13\n6\n1\n2\n1\n4\n4\n7\n9\n1\n49\n168\n88\n31\n17\n3\n10\n49\n25-34    \u201e   \t\n105\n35-44   \u201e \t\n45-54    \u201e    \t\n39\n16\n55-64   \u201e _  \t\n1\n65-69    \u201e\t\nIncludes separated.\nAs in previous years, this table shows that the major venereal-disease problem\npresents itself in the 20-34-year age-group of single males and in the 15-24-year\nage-group of single females.\nTABLE VI.\u2014PATIENT-VISITS AT ALL CLINICS OF THE DIVISION OF VENEREAL DISEASE CONTROL CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO DIAGNOSIS,\n1946-55.\nYear\nTotal\nAll\nClinics\nVancouver\nClinic\nSyphilis\nAll\nClinics\nVancouver\nClinic\nGonorrhoea\nAll\nClinics\nVancouver\nClinic\nOther Venereal\nDisease\nAll\nClinics\nVancouver\nClinic\nNot Yet\nDiagnosed\nAll\nClinics\nVancouver\nClinic\n1946..\n1947-\n1948.\n1949..\n1950..\n1951..\n1952..\n1953-\n1954-\n1955-\n56,385\n51,129\n43,897\n36,685\n31,107\n24,315\n20,721\n18,307\n16,792\n13,308\n41,856\n38,180\n32,495\n27,970\n21,976\n15,943\n11,798\n9.732\n8,779\n7,094\n30,047\n28,291\n24,894\n16,425\n11,685\n8,109\n5,754\n4,503\n3,432\n1,992\n23,158\n21,986\n19,166\n13,139\n9,301\n6,606\n4,314\n3,494\n2,831\n2,137\n11,382\n9,799\n8,480\n9,102\n8,548\n5,904\n4,511\n3,551\n2,279\n1,529\n9,297\n8,051\n7,014\n7,858\n7,418\n4,964\n3,606\n2,758\n1,848\n1,254\n26 |\n44 j\n43 |\n124 j\n125 j\n23\n36\n31\n122\n114\n121 |  115\n34 |   33\nI\n14,956\n13,039\n10,497\n11,114\n10,831\n10,178\n10,331\n10,165\n10,960\n9,753\n9,401\n8,143\n6,292\n6,937\n5,226\n4,251\n3,764\n3,392\n3,985\n3,670\nAgain this year there has been a decrease in the number of patient-visits to the\nclinics of the Division. As mentioned in previous Reports, this is due to the decrease\nin the total number of cases of venereal disease reported and to our ability to effect\na cure with a much shorter course of treatment. J 22\nDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND WELFARE\nm\nPQ\n<\no.S s\nsen\nK\n\u00a3\n3\nz\nT3 i2\nSO\n\u00ab\nI\ns\n3\nz\n> \u00ab O.C\nS.Sg\n\u2022a a\ne \u00b0\n^ to w i)\n-* r> r- \\o a\\ vo i<\nmHOo\\riaiH\nON WH CO CN CN so t-\nHHHNHrt\n*n cn *n O \u00bbn o M-\nCN CN CN CN cn CN CN\nO r- so o ih m oo\ncn cn cn cN cn ih \u00bb-t\n<o r> t- w-i cn cn \u2014\u00ab\ncn \u25a0* o m \u00a9 m so\ncn ^ as cn m o t-\u00bb\nmmntNtsoH\nCN ON \u00a9 t- CN O in\noo r-- r- w-i in \\o cn\n\u25a0O CN rfr ON Os tr NO\n\u25a0*t in Cn m so \u00a9 cn\noo oo in \u25a0**\u25a0 cn m cn\nOn \u00a9 i-i CN cn ^J- m\n-\u00abt in >n in <n \u00abn >n\nON ON ON ON ON ON On\nW5\nw\n<\nU\n<\ne\nPB\np*\n5 as\nO 2\nhJ\n<\nQ\nW\nU\npq\na\n<\no\nH\nPi\nO\nPL,\n2\nu\n<\nH\nz\no\no\na\n<\no\nH\nl-H\nQ\n3\nO\ny\no\n<\n>\npq\nPQ\n<\n(J   M\n2 \u00b0\u00ab\no.s a\nU~E\nSag\nB\u2122\n\u00a3\nE\n3\nz\nOn r> m t- \u00a9 m CN\nCN CN r* ON SO m r-i\n*H rH \u00abh H CN CN CN\n\u00a3\nI\nVHOM^DOOrtlO\nwor-o\u00abOH\ncn cn CN cn tj- tj cn\n2 oo o on cn m cN\nA \u00ab\ncn ** so oo tt Tt \u00a9\ntj- m m t-> oo oo oo\nO On o cn *-( \u00a9 on\noM\n3 o __\nd _, S\na> 2j <u\n\u00a7gK\n\u00ab\nE\n3\nz\n\u25a0*t on -* r- \u25a0* >n r-\nON OO 00 ON  t-< ON  Tj-\ncn cn cn cn cn CN CN\nfly\n\u00a9 \u2022* in t-> \u00a9 cn m\ncn -^r rH on tt i-i *n\nin m in m ^ rf cn\nr- no m on m on on\nOn \u00a9 OO Tf \u25a0>* ON On\ncn ^r cn *-< \u00a9 oo r~\nw u C o\ni-i cn \\o cn oo i-h on\nOn no cn r- \\C CN -*t\ncn cn cn on oo t> m\no \u00a9 i-i cn cn \"^t m\nTt in in in m <n \u00abn\nOn On On On On Os Os\n-J VENEREAL DISEASE CONTROL REPORT,  1955\nJ 23\nThese tables and the accompanying chart show the results obtained by interviewing\npatients with newly diagnosed cases of gonorrhoea. The purpose of these interviews was\nto elicit from the patients information about the source of their infection and the names\nof others that they might have given their disease to.\nFor each sex, indices have been derived for patients reported by private physicians\nand for patients reported by the clinics of the Division of Venereal Disease Control.\nThese indices are:\u2014\n(a) A Contact Index, which shows the ratio between the number of contacts\nnamed and the number of newly diagnosed cases of gonorrhoea, expressed\nin terms of the number of contacts per 100 new cases of gonorrhoea.\n(b) An Epidemiologic Index, which shows the ratio between the named contacts who were found to be infected and the number of newly diagnosed\ncases of gonorrhoea, expressed in terms of the number of infected contacts\nper 100 new cases of gonorrhoea.\n(c) A Brought-to-treatment Index, which shows the ratio between those\ninfected contacts who had to be located and brought in for examination\nbecause they did not seek treatment of their own accord and the number\nof newly diagnosed cases of gonorrhoea, expressed in terms of the number\nof contacts it was possible to bring in to treatment and who were found\nto be infected per 100 newly diagnosed cases of gonorrhoea.\nThese indices, when properly interpreted, measure the effectiveness of contact-tracing\nas a method of control of gonorrhoea, and measure also the effectiveness of the work being\ndone by the investigating staff of the Division.\nBoth Tables VII and VIII and the accompanying chart show the number of contacts\nnamed per 100 cases of gonorrhoea reported by the clinics of the Division as opposed to\nthe number reported by private physicians. The arrow on the chart indicates the introduction of the speed-zone technique in the clinics as a method of increasing our contact-\ntracing efficiency. It can be seen that for male cases the contact index has been increasing\nconsiderably faster for the clinics than for the private physicians since the speed-zone\ntechnique was introduced.\nThis does not hold true for female cases because the clinics have, to a degree, relaxed\ntheir efforts to locate their male contacts, as it is known that most males take treatment\nif they develop symptoms. In contrast, experience has shown us that many females can\nbe infected and yet have no symptoms.\nIt can be seen that the total number of contacts found to be infected rises as the\nnumber of contacts named per 100 cases of gonorrhoea increases. The ratio of named\ncontacts infected to newly diagnosed cases is called by us the epidemiologic index, and\nalso has been rising since the introduction of speed-zone technique. This same trend is\nnot apparent for private physicians as far as female contacts named by their male patients\nare concerned. However, the private physicians have far surpassed the clinics in relation\nto male contacts found to be infected who were named by their female patients. Because\nof this the Division is now endeavouring to elicit more contact information from its\nfemale cases.\nThe brought-to-treatment index measures the accomplishments of the Division's\ninvestigating staff, and in addition measures the adequacy of the information about the\ncontacts supplied to them by private physicians as compared to the information that the\nDivision is able to elicit from its patients. If we assume that the investigators pursue\ntheir contacts named by the patients of private physicians with a zeal equal to that used\nfor pursuing contacts of clinic patients, a comparison between the two groups of the\nnumber it is possible to bring in for treatment will give an idea of the relative adequacy\nof the contact information supplied. J 24 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND WELFARE\nIt is interesting also to note that the brought-to-treatment index for male contacts\nto female cases has always been below 10 per 100. This, of course, is to be expected\nbecause most men usually seek treatment of their own volition.\nFor the clinics of the Division there is reassuring evidence that investigation of\nfemale contacts to male cases is continuing to be successful. This information is important because it is a major factor in the success of the Division's control programme. It is\nknown that a small group of infected females are responsible for a high percentage of\nthe cases of gonorrhoea. Our ability to locate these females and to treat them is a major\nfactor in the Division's control programme. VENEREAL DISEASE CONTROL REPORT,  1955\nJ 25\nCHART II.\u2014SEMI-ANNUAL GONORRHCEA INDICES BY SEX AND\nREPORTING AGENCY, BRITISH COLUMBIA, 1949-55\nSEMI-ANNUAL GONORRHOEA CONTACT INDEX-MALE\nBy REPORTING AGENCY. BRITISH COLUMBIA, 1949-55\nPer 100 male coses\n220 \t\n200\n180\n160\n60\n'\/,\nV.D. CONTROL CLINICS\nPRIVATE PHYSICIANS     .\nJ UJ UJ LlI L\nJL,\ni   i.i   i\n1949  1950  1951  1952 1953 1954  1955\nYEAR\nSEMIANNUAL GONORRHOEA EPIDEMIOLOGIC INDEX-MALE\nBy REPORTING AGENCY. BRITISH COLUMBIA, 1949-55\nPer 100 male cases\n140\n120\n100\n80\n60\n40\n20\nV.D  CONTROL CLINICS\nPRIVATE PHYSICIANS     -\n...       \/\\ ''\nJ l_i_l LU LU L\n1\nJ_U L\n1949     1950      1951     1952     1953     1954     1955\nYEAR\nSEMI ANNUAL GONORRHOEA BROUGHT TO TREATMENT INDEX   MALE\nBy REPORTING AGENCY. BRITISH COLUMBIA, 1949-55\nPer 100 male cases\t\n60\n40\n20\nV.D  CONTROL CLINICS\nPRIVATE PHYSICIANS    .\n1949     1950     1951      1952     1953     1954     1955\nYEAR\nSEMI-ANNUAL GONORRHOEA CONTACT INDEX - FEMALE\nBy REPORTING AGENCY, BRITISH COLUMBIA, 1949-55\nPer 100 female cases\n220\n200\n140\n60\nV.D. CONTROL CLINICS  \t\nPRIVATE PHYSICIANS     \t\nJ La_\nJ_iJ I \u25a0  I    \"I\n1\nJ-jlJ III     I\n1949     1950     1951      1952     1953     1954    1955\nYEAR\nSEMI-ANNUAL GONORRHOEA EPIDEMIOLOGIC INDEX-FEMALE\nBy REPORTING AGENCY, BRITISH COLUMBIA, 1949-55\nPer 100 female cases\n140\n120\n~   V.D. CONTROL CLINICS   \t\nPRIVATE PHYSICIANS      ___\nA\nIX\n100\n80\n60\n\/\"\n\/\n\/\n- \/\n\u00bb\"A\n'\u2022    \\\/\n- if\ni\n40\n\\   -\n20\n1   III   III   III   III   11\ni iii i\n1949     1950     1951\n1952     1953     1954     1955\nYEAR\nSEMI-ANNUAL GONORRHOEA BROUGHT TO TREATMENT INDEX \u25a0 FEMALE\nBy REPORTING AGENCY. BRITISH COLUMBIA. 1949-55\nPer 100 female cases\t\n60\n40\n20\nV.D  CONTROL CLINICS\nPRIVATE PHYSICIANS    -\nI\n1949  1950  1951\n1952  1953\nYEAR\n1954  1955 J 26\nDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND WELFARE\n<\n\u00bb\nPL,\noo\nW\nS\nH\nO\ng\nH\n<\nH\nM\nI-H >o\nU m\n<i\nOh u->\n%-\nU oo\nH LrJ\n*&\nO.\nOh\no\ng\n<\nw\n2\na\nH^\nW W\nw >\nfcO\no\noo\nffl\nU\n<\nPL,\nm\nPQ\n<\nm\nm\nON\n\u00a73\nm\nr^\nrN\nm\noo 6\nm\nrn\n|\neg\nhz\nON  ^  NO ON\nr- on o rn\nm\nvq\nOO  tf\n\u00abn\nON\ns3\nIUW-,\na. o\nr- \u2014 \u25a0* o -* -<t\nm       CS       ro\n8\n\u00bb7>\nES\nHZ\nHTttstma\nO no m on no \u00a9\n\u2022h ^      cn      in\n>n\noo\n\"Br\nm\nON\nS3\na, o\nCO On tJ- ON \u00a9 O\nCN         Hrtn\no\no\n11\nHZ\nOn 00 in O OO (N\n~+ *t so Os m so\nCN\n\u00abn\nin\nON\n53\noo r- in >c \u00bbn on\nCS          rHTHfM\n8\n83?\nHZ\ncn i-h m o i-i o\nim m      cn cn 't\nO\nm\nON\n53\najw-i\nPu. o\nON  CN  ^\nCN\nm \u25a0<*\nNO\n\u00a9\no\n\u00ab\"8\n51\nHZ\n(S^f-OO\nnnifiriHTf\nr- m      cS cs in\n8\nin\n00\n1\n*\no\nn\nu\nQ\n3\n0\nE\nc\nc\nu\n\u2022a\nc\n(A\n3\nO\nOJ\nC\n3\nO\nc.\nC\na\n0\n1\nCD\na\nca\nX!\ns\nU\n\u2022q.\ne\n0\nO    (J\nas\n0 o\n! CN OO\n,H\nPh O\n\u00abn\nin\nON\ni\u2014i\nMT3\n11\n! cn no\n! r^ >n\n: cn i-i\nON\n1\nHZ\nCN\nQ\n<\n\u00a73\n1 Tt NO\n\\ in rf\n8\nPh\n>n\nON\nPL.  0\nto\nw\nH\nHZ\n\u25a0* 2 r-\nm i-*\nCN\n0\ng\nH\nS3\n<\n^H\no\nH\ni-i\n)\u20141\na. o\nJ\nm\nIT)\nON\nH >o\nU K\n1-1\n< !i\nS'S\n,_,\noo 2\nHZ\ni-\u00ab <n O\nTf CN\nr-\nCN\nRTED\nSEASE,\nS3\n^H\nOJtM\na, o\n\u00a9\nO\n\u00a33\nin\nON\nS S\nSd\n^<\nMS\non in\ncn i-<\nm\nrfl W\nHZ\nt-H   ^\nCN\noo S\nc!3\no W\nPL >\n^H\ni-i O On\nso m\n8\nXlt.\n!% O\nin\nON\nFH 0\nPh\no\nsi\nON  1\u2014  o\no\ni-<  ON  00\nT   ON\nON\noo\nHZ\ngi\nCN\nW\nu\n<\nJ\n1\n1\nX\nw\nJ\na\nPQ\n3\n<\nCh\nH\nW\n0\nu\n0-\nO   to\n\u25a0\u00ab? E\n>!    0\no-\nS     \u00bb-\n0    c\n2?2 \u00a7\n<\nc\nbe\n\u00a7 VENEREAL DISEASE CONTROL REPORT,  1955\nJ 27\nThe figures given in Tables IX and X show the place of meeting and place of\nexposure given by patients diagnosed as having a venereal infection. It is apparent that\nthe places which are most often named as facilitating the spread of venereal disease are\nbeer-parlours, cafes, hotels, and rooms.\nControl of venereal disease through control of places of meeting and of exposure\nis carried out on a co-operative basis with the owners of the premises concerned, the\npolice, the Hotels' Association, and Liquor Control Board officials.\nIt is felt that further attempts at control over establishments which facilitate the\nspread of venereal disease would be fruitful. Increased activity along this line is planned\nfor 1956.\nTABLE XL\u2014CONTACT TO VENEREAL INFECTION CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO RESULT OF EXAMINATION AND REPORTING AGENCY,\nBRITISH COLUMBIA, 1955.\nReported by\u2014\n'\u00ab.5\n2o2\nw\ngo\n|\n\u2022a\nC3\nSa.'C\na\ns\nResult of Examination\ngo\n]y\nI\n3\ng\n3\nO\ng\n\u00ab H\n>>\nA\na,\nto\n<\na\na\nMo i\nS o\nojfe\no \u00a3\ntu\n\u25a0OT3\n\u2022a 43\ncS\nto  c3\n1-8\n>\nCk\n0\n1 8\nSI\n\u20223S8\no5 o\n11\n\u20222 B\nH\nQp\na.\nX\nOft,\nOffl\nKO.S\n\u25a0p<\nDffi\nInfected with primary syphilis\t\n1\ni\nInfected with secondary syphilis\t\n1\ni\n,   .,\n\t\n\t\n\t\n33\n7\n22\n1\n1\n2\nInfected with gonorrhoea\t\n1,392\n576\n488\n19\n36\n182\n22\n60    |\n9\n\t\n....\n\t\n\t\nNegative   .  \t\n323\n105\n148\n15\n12\n29\n3\n3    |\n8\n1,570\n706\n496\n8\n169\n146\n21\n18\n6\nInfected with non-specific urethritis\n39\n36\n3\n662\n175\n357\n11\n53\n24\n23\n14\n5\nTotals  \t\n4,021\n1,607\n1,514\n54\n270\n382\n69\n95\n30\nThis table reports the results of examinations made by various agencies as part of\ntheir investigation of alleged contacts of venereal disease. There has been an 11-percent decrease in the number of contacts investigated in 1955 as compared with 1954.\nThe reason for this is that during the past two years major emphasis has been placed on\nlocating female contacts named by male patients with gonorrhoea. Though this has\nresulted in an increase in the average time required to locate a contact and a decrease\nin the number of contacts located, the results as indicated elsewhere have been worth\nwhile. J 28\nDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND WELFARE\nTABLE XII.\u2014REPORT OF LABORATORY WORK DONE BY THE DIVISION\nOF LABORATORIES RELATING TO THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT\nOF VENEREAL DISEASE FOR ALL AGENCIES IN BRITISH COLUMBIA,\n1955.\nExamination\n1951\n1952\n1953\n1954\n1955\nGonococcus cultures\t\nGonococcus microscopic examinations\t\nTreponema pallidum microscopic examinations..\nSerological tests for syphilis   \t\n6,797\n28,510\n370\n228,547\n6,582\n28,656\n283\n232,270\n7,080\n27,349\n257\n253,756\n8,228\n26,005\n448\n211,634\n8,563\n25,445\n319\n198,890\nDuring the past year the trend toward fewer microscopic examinations and more\ncultural examinations for the diagnosis of gonorrhoea continued. Again this year there\nwas a moderate decrease in the number of serologic tests done for the diagnosis of\nsyphilis. There was also a decrease in the number of microscopic examinations done\nfor the diagnosis of infectious syphilis. VENEREAL DISEASE CONTROL REPORT,  1955\nJ 29\n-1\nO\no\nS3\nu\noo\nQ\ng\n<\noo\nH\ni\u2014\ng\nP\nH\nP\n<\n3\n^ in\nPQ <o\nS3  -\nP\np\no\n< oo\nl-H\noo H\nhH I\u2014\nd*\nPL\ng\no\no\noo\no\noo\ng\nO\ni\u2014\nH\n<3\nU\nE\nH\nO\ng\ng\nX\nw\nP3\n<\n\"<3\n^\nm\ni-h m\n\u201e\nt*\ncn ci\non cn sc\no \u25a0<*\n1 C*1\nr*\nO (N V\n\u00abh      c\nno Kt i* cn oo oo\nm       th       t-h\ncn\ni-i           cn\n\u25a0^f m           cS cn i-h\no\n>n\nH\n04S\nCOHTf  HHH\ninrtrni-i\noo cn vo    l\nvo cn ^t\nicnmi-H      oocsm    ;in*\u00a3\ncn On rf -<t cS vo oo\nm\nON\nCN        \u00bb-H        mm\nCN\n*H                CS\nj\ncn \u25a0*            cs cn i\u2014\n\u00a9\"\ncn\ncn\ni-i   : cn\nCS\n! M\nTt    ^H    ^H\nI   : N\nCN\n\u00a9 r~\nmm  CN\nJ3\na\n:\n>.\nto\n\u00a9 m r- CN r- th\n(N \u25a0-> i-H\ncn cn i-i\n\u00a9   ^\"<*\ni i-i ^    i      ooi-HcncnTft-\n\u25a0- cn *n cN on \u00a9 cn\n0\nCN\ni\u2014        i-i\nCS\n1-1\ncn                 cs\nCS NO                hNh\nH\n^\n\u00a3 a\nr- cn so cn in ~*\nCN i-t i-      1\ncn cn -^\nc~- t-h m\ni'-'cS           NOi-\"cncncst^\ncs oo in cs oo on \u00a9\n\u2022n\nON\n*~*\n\"\ni  \"\ncn                cs\ni-H  m                  i-<  mm  i-l\ncn\nw     [ CN\n!  1   >\ncn\nw\n|     ! CS     !        CS     !     1\nCS\nON **\n! mm rm m\nIS\ni   !   i\ni i 1\n1 1     !        I i\ni\na,\ni   :\n>,\nCO\n3\non m on *c ^ \u25a0* *-\nhoooiriH\nCN cn so CN wm\n^* CN CN\n; \u00ab-< on    i      no cs cn    i ^f r-\n\u00a9 cn <n i-i no \\o \u00a9\ncs\nCN        i-<\ncn      cs\nCN        \u2014\u25a0\ntJ-        i-h     ! CN\nm 00                if mm rm\no\ni\nmm\nH\nn \u00ab\n^f *n t~~ *t cn \u25a0* i-\nCN cn Tt Tt wm\nr> m cn i-h\nCS CN \u00a9\n! i-i ON              CN CN CN     1 i-i t\u00bb\n00 \u2022*  *n  mm  -^  \\0  00\n>n\nON\nsi\nCN\nCN          rm\ncs      cs\nCN          rH\n\u25a0*     i-i   : cn\ni\ni- f                  I-\"  r-t\n0 *\n3\nm\nNNH\n\u2022n\n\"*  \u00bbH\n\u00bbn    iwhh\nCN\nCN\nTf\nii    ! cn\nCN 00\n! CN     ! CN\n13\na\ni   i   1\n>,\nco\n3\nr>t>mOmHr-\n^t CN ON i-i CS\n\u25a0>TtO    ! cn\nrf r^t *-<\n: wm o\\    :      r- cn on \u00a9 \u00bbn\noo r- cs ^t \u00a9 r- co\nl>      ^-^ \u00ab\n\u00bbn       cn i-h\nCN        CS\nCN        rH\nm           t-* i-i\ncn r-          cn i-h\no\nH\nCN\n\u00a78\ncn t- cn on cn *-* *-\nn n co - -\ncn cs oo    1 m\nr^ m oo\nl-Hin             o i-i t- \u00a9 cN\nr\u00bb cn cS cn \u00a9 cn no\n\u00abn\nON\n\u25a0r*    Nt     *h\n>n        Clrl\ncs      *-\u2022\ncn           i-i i-i\ni-i so          cn fh\nO\"\na\nt> CN \u00abH -i           !\nCS      l*H      1 *-\n-* cs cs    :\nr-\nm\n1        i     r- cs cs\ncn\nmm ft      i ^H      : \u2022\u00ab* fN\nCN i-i\nIs\np.\n>.\nto\n\"3\noo \\o m cn on o v\n*t \u00bbn ** *t *-\ntH t cs cn cs\nNO  ON ^H\n*H'?* w-4              Tt\u00ab*CNi-'t-\nOjHrtNMn\nSO         CN y->         y\u2014\n\u25a0*t          CN rm\n\"*      m\nm       7\u2014\nT         wHv*tv*\nC)\nH\noo in \u25a0* ON ON r~ \u25a0*!\nTt^OO\n**><*\u25a0 m m cs\nO ON oc\n: tJ- on    !       oo \u25a0**\u25a0 on \u00a9 \u00bbn\nHlflHHMfl*\nm\n\u00bbn       CN\ncn         CN mm\ncn      cs\ncn\nm           *-< t-i\nOO  cn                  <N  mm\nON\no w\nM\nOrtH^\ncn r-\nOHT|\"\u00bb--\nr-    | r-\nso\nm\ni-<     | CN\ny?\ncn i-i cn\nfl^H\nA\na\n>i\nGO\no\nIh\nto\nS^\n\u2014 *\">\nO On\noc\nc\n|        iH^ff\n\u25a0^\nIT\nso t-*\u00ab*\nr*\nON C\ni- CN\noe\n\u2022^t\nv-\nNO  ON  \u00a9   I\n0^\nCN\ncn tj\nIT\n\u2022\"\n>c\nr- oc\nlONHHi-\nHH(N\nr-\nmm  CN\nCS CN\nr-\nCN\nCN\ncn cs cn cn\n-S    -\n\u00b0\u00a3\nc\no o c\nc\nc\nc\n0 c\nc\n: 6 d 6 c\n0 c\noooo\nd 6 6 d c\no c\noooo\nr\/jcn\n2ZZZ\n\u00a3\u00a3\nZZZ*\nIZ2Z2\nzz\nzzzz\nZZZZ^\nZ2\nzzzz\nT3 6\nc <u\no\no\nu\nc o\nc\no\nu\n\u00abQ\n>\n\"5 ~ \u00ab * ~\n5 s \"\nt Kootenay\nhool Distri\n5 'u\nA\n*fi\nc\n3\nto\na\nSo\n1 - - -\nu\nc\n0 \u2014\nM -m\n1 . ,\n.   og\nC\no\n5\"  4   \u2022   \u00ab.\nt-\nO      *    fc     ft    'K     ft\nrt\nj3    \u00bb   -\n\u25a0    j= x:\n J3 J3    *    -   -\nE       X\nS      -     \u201e     -     -     .\nu\n*e o\n2\nu\nto   O\n5 u\n\u25a0K o\no\nS3\n{1\nW\nty\nw\nto V}\nc\nV\nC\nt\/\ne\nc\n\"\n1 r*'\n3 \u00ab J  30\nDEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND WELFARE\n-I\no\no\nS3\nU\noo\nQ\ng\n<\noo\nH\nS3\nH\nhJ\nW 1\ncq\nrH\n<\ne\nS3\nPi w>\niV ON\n*V\nOS\nO PQ\nQ\ng\n<\noo\nS3\nPL\noo\no\n\"rt\n\u00a9 CN CS NO\nifr t* tt cn *\u00a3=\nm >n \u00a9\ncn           ^ tj-\nON\nr-\n^\noo m\nr- on t- cs\ncc\nt-\nm\nt-\nm\ncn no\nON\nCN CN\nt- cn i-h cn\n[\u2014 mm         \u00a9 cn i-i\ncn  CN  mm\nON  ON\nTf                                                            FH\no cn cn fh cS on\nO\ncn                      fh\nH\no S\n\u00a9 r^ \u00a9 cn\nh m fl ij-in in\ni-i CN ON\ncn            mm\nno m fh t- cn\nco oo t~~ cS r-    : cn fh\ncn m cn vo oo on cs\nm\nON\n\u00a71\nSO CN i- CN\nm i-i        On CN fh\ncn cs\nr- r-\n\"\ncn\n*-1\n\u00a9 cn cn fh cs oo\ncn                      fh\n0\"\nCA\na\n\u00a9 \u00abn cS cn\n\u00a9 i-i     ! \u00a9 oo i-i\n\u2022*t cn i-\u00ab\n1                     ON   ON\ncn cs\n1_l\nON fh            !\u00bbh pHrffS\n-*    1    :    : fh cn    :\n2\n**\nCN             ! fh\n1-   rH\nCO\n*c3\ncn ON CO NO\nr- ^t m no cn on\nt~- NO  m-t\n!              CN CN\nNO CS CN CS\ntt \u00a9 m    i m fh tf fh\nr-- Tf rn \\o r- no tn\ncn            i-h\nCN wm         SO CS i-i\ncn cn mm\n\"3- \"\u00b1\n\u2022*  fh  rH       :                   rH\nCN   CN   ^t   CN   FH   rH\no\ncs            i-\ncn                        cN\n**\nH\n\u25a0rm t> CO SO\nvo M- m r- *-\" on\nm tj- i-h\n!                   NO NO\nNO CN CS CS\n\u00a9 oo m    : cn    inn\nr-- o \u00a9 cn l\u2014 i* cn\nm           t-h\n\"rH          m  CN  1-1\ncn cn >-h\nI              CS CS\nTf       h     ;          i\nFH   (N   Tf   CN   FH   FH\nON\nCS            mm\nl-H   rH\ncn                        CN\n0\"\nn\nCS CN     |\ni-   :   1 on cs\nCN CN\ni                   NO  VO\n\u25a0<*\u25a0 cs\nONtHcn    ; cN    !\n13\na\n!   i\n>\u00bb\nCO\n*\u00ab\nNO  mm  00  C-\nm \u00a9 oo \u00a9 r- o\nmm ON CS\n!              \u00a9 \u00a9\nOONfmrxM\nFHrHCN^NOcncncN\n\"t\u00abJCNitTtH       !\nIT    FH   FH   C-   CN   FH\nTf H        CN\n\u2022* CN       CN no cn\nm m\n00  FH  (N          FH          cN\no\ncn            cn\ncn                      CN\nH\nsi\ncs on oo in\nvo oo oo r- i* on\nC- m cN\n!                  CO  CO\nm -\u00abt tj- r-\ncnFH\u00a9Ttmcn\u00a9cs\non m oo cn tt on    [\nO fh CS         fh         CS\ncn fh fh t\u2014 cn \u00a9\ncn                      cs    |\nON\ncn           cn\n|              fh rH\no\n(A\n\"* CN     j CN\non cn    : cn cn i-\n*\u25a0* \u25a0*\n:            cs cs\ncn\nfH        j   CN\nOO\nCN\ncn\nm    FH   rH   FH          |    fN          j\ncs cs\n43\n|         1\nQ,\n>,\nCO\n\"rt\n\u2014i co m oo\nOO Tj\" fN 00 CN cs\n\u00a9\n1            r- r>\nF*   VO   t~-   t~~   F-\nft no tj- \u2022* o m m\nCO Tt\"  m ON  CN  t\u2014  fh\nNO  i-h  i-i  CS\ncs cn cn on m cs\nCN h\nNO NO\nm fh\nIS i-i w*         CN         H\ntT fh rs CS cn \u25a0*\nO\ncn             mm\nCS                                                 FH\nCN\nH\no-c\n\u25a05\"\ni-i no m cs\nmm  CN  NO  in  N\u00a3=  CN\nOO  CO\n!                00 OC\ncn tj- tj- m\noo ^ \"rf tj- oo m cn\ncs \u00a9 Tf co cs r- fh\nin\nin i-t mm CN\nO CN CN CO tJ- (N\nIH   rH\nCS  C-\nCN    FH\nNO   FH   FH            rH             rH\ncn fh cn cn cn cn\nON\ncn           i-h\nCN                                                 FH\nCO\nO CS CS NO\nr- cn no m no\nCS  i\u2014  i\u2014\n:              O On\nco cn cn cn f-\nyD cn\n; cs      cn\n^O^FHFH          1   O\n13\na\nCN                1\u2014\nm ci-i\n>,\nCO\n*ra\n\u00a9 tt i-\" m\n\u00a9 ti- no \u00a9 ** nc\non r^ r-\n!              CS CS\nr- h m oo cc\ncn no \u00a9 oo on cn so\n\u00a9   CO   CN   r-  NO   SO   rH\nm i-h i-h cs\ncn cS      cn m r-\nr^ t-\ncn CN\nCS CN cs      cs      cn\nSO          fh  rH  CN ON\no\nCN              ih\nH\n\u00a3 \u00ab\nno cn \u00a9 c-\nCN cN cn r\u2014 m v\nr- >o cn\n1                  NO NC\nco oo cn m o\ncn cn r- cn fh rn o\n\u00a9 t> \u00a9 ^o m cn    i\n11\nTf   rH    !-H   CN\non cs      i-h rn i-\n1             cn cc-\nCN   FH\nCO  fh  rH          CS          Cn\n\u25a0rj-            HH(NOO        !\nON\nFH                          rH\nFH    T-\n\u2022\"\"\no\noo\ni* i-h i-H CN\noo CN cn cn on i-\nCN CN\n:          no nc\non cn cs cn f-\nOn \u2022't m no oo cn so\nOhMhh^h\n*3\nm            i-h i-t\n!            cn en\ncn -h\nCN                                                FH\n&\n>>\nCO\nU\n\u2022o\n'tt\nI   1   i\nc3\nO\nIh\n5m\ni    !    i\nn\n>\n3\nI\n-H*^\n\u00ab      c\nO\n\u2022c\nOON\nr- I- cn\nO i-i CN cn Tl\nON  C\n^H             O\no\nfh cN cn ^\nr-         C\nVO f- oo O\nc\nO\nr- oo m no r- co\nO'-\n-* r~ t-\nm in in m v\n>n N\u00a3\n00      -g\n6    P\n\\c\nc\nNO  NO VO  N\u00a3\n)            R\n^\nno \\o ys \\\u00a3\nt-\nx~\ncN cs m m m m\nM^\node\n6 6 6 6c\n6 c\nc\n>\n^3\n0* <\nC\n)      t-C\nc\nO O o  o  C\nc\n>\noooooo\n3   C\nr\/jm\nZZZ\nZZZZiz\nZ\u00a3\nZ    s\nZ\nZZZ2\n;     uZZZZZZ\n7\nzzzzzz\n\u25a0a O\nrt\nu w\nc \u00bb\no\no\no\n1\nC.\n3\nu\nS; S\ny\n\u00abQ\nS   j:\n!S    ~   \"   J:\n*S\nV\n,2\n'C   * *\n-     313\t\nS   -4-t\nX\ncq\nto\na-Esqu\nHealth\nCO\nto\no ta\nto      ,v\nc\n5\ns\ns\n\u00ab Q\nc\n\u25a0d\n0\n> mm\n5 ,\/\u25a0'\no\n\"3\n5 5\n.   \u25a0 w o\nC\nj-    C!\nO\n_,   O\no o   -\u25a0\nu  \u00b0    \u25a0\nCO   O     i.    *    \u00ab\n.   -      E >\u00ab c\nO *v\no*\u00bb,\nCC\nto X!    \u25a0\nf| -^ *   .   *\n0 s\n\"  \"     Sox\nxs   *   *\n-     Jo ^\t\n\u2022 aw\nu u\n9 u\ni!       o\nc        u\nS o\nS3  o       ?\na\n\u00ab\u00ab\nSw\ncj     tv:\n\u00ab        CO\nSOT   SJ\n3\ner\nC-\n>\nto\nL\nL\nCri\nPQ\noo\nH\nto rj\ng'\nPi\nH\noo\nP\no\n<\no\nHH\nPh\nHH\nH\nO\nz\ng\nX\nw\np\nPQ\n< VENEREAL DISEASE CONTROL REPORT,  1955\nJ 31\n\u00ab-*Mr\nCS              FH\nr- fh on cn cn\nm i*\nrH  rn  CS  rH\nFH\nr\u00bb\nFH            fh\nCN\non m cs \"t      rHinmF-\nCN   FH    FH                          CN               rH\nr\u2014 m t\u2014 \u00a9 it cn      \u00a9mm      cn c*\nmFHOocncs           -^-cn           i-h\nw\ni m            fh \u00a9 t O\nO   rH   CS   FH\n!  ON  CO  O          OO\n'\u25a0t\nON\nrn        mm\nCN\nr-FHcV-ji-l          -rJ-rHCNi-H          \u00a9  CS  \u00a9  't  Cn  rH          \"Fj-CNCN          fH       !  rH\non fh cn cn\nOO\ncs\noo \u25a0<* \u00a9 i*      no m fh\non t- cn r- m r-      ocSco      t-rtONTf          ONmr^No\n\u25a0\"3- cs cs\nCS        CN\nm  rH  VO  rH  cn\nm \u25a0*\nCN              fh              oOhhh\nm\nm      \u25a0\u25a0*\noo\nFH            fh\ncs\nr- cn \u00a9 it      oifo\nm vo ** \u25a0* it t-      cn no t\u2014      Tfitcocs            in \u00bbn r- m\n00\nt CN CN\ncn fh vo fh cn\n\u25a0* cn\nCN                     FH                     OO   FH   rH   rH\nNO\nrH            FH\nI\n<sT\nno fh m\ntj- fh on cn fh\nr-  SO  r-\n\u00a9          ON\nCO\ni\nj   ;\n\u00a9 co r- vo it ic\non cs \u00a9 cs cs\nON\nm      m\nFH\nrH            FH\ncn\nrf m no cs co c\nNO  00  Fj-  ON\nCO\nt- cs cn f-\nCS               FH\nr- cs \u00a9 cs fh\n-t      *\nt- NO\nCn               FH   W\n\"t        CN\nm\nNO\no\\\ncs\"\n\u2022rj.   rH   FH   fN\nno cn fh \u2022* no o\nNOmi-H     h   I                  \"t cs   i cs\nm fh\nON\n! |\ni\nCN\nm co co rr o\ns\non cs m fh      cn fh fh\noo r-\nNO            FH   FH\nr-      no\ni    i\nFH            fh\ncn\n\u00a9cnFHN\u00a9      NOFHcncN\nrtHMnoof\nm r^- nc\n** cn on cN\non oo cn \"* f-\n^t ON\nO     !     !\nOn\non cn m F-\nCN   FH   FH\nfh cN cn CN CN\n\\D      m_\nr- no\nCS                          F-\nm               FH    rH\nCO     !\ni   i\nON\no\ncn\nON w n N fo h\nno    : m    ! f-\nr*\no\ncn\nrt-\u00a9FHcn      m-Fj-cocn\n1H  ON  NO  FH  \u00a9   IT\nNO CS Tl\nno no cn r^\nNO 00 Tt CN\na\\ cn\n?h\u00ab\nr-\nON  00  -\nCN         fh\nCO\nCS         CN\ncn\nfh rf no i-\nr- CN cn \u2014\nCS   FH   FH\noo cn On fh cn\nO            0\\\nCN         fh\"\nr~ no\nCS                          FH\nON CS CN CN\ncn\ncn\nm\ncn\ncn vo m cn\nco fh <n cs\nit  00  NC\nON fh SO CN\n\u00a9\non      r-\nCS  FH\nCS              FH\nCO\n\u2022<t\nj\n<U      1\n!\n>i\ni\n1\n\u2022-\u00ab     !\n1\n:\nj\n\u00a3   i\nP\ni .\nj\nn oo on \u2014 Tf m\nr-< m cn tt \u25a0* \u25a0*\no c\nNT\nor\nON  i-\nm\ncn cn\ncn\ncn cn\n\u25a0fl- \u25a0<*\n-* r- r-\n>\n*t\nTt  ^t  NO\nr^ r- x\nO   O   C\no o c\n-ooooo\nSzzzzz\no C\nO 0 c\no\no o o c\n0 O C\nV\nZZZ\nZZZ\nZZ\nZZZ\no\ns\nZZZZ\nZZZ\n*'C   .\ntec \u201e * ..\n*c\nt\u00bb s\nto\nFraser\nol Dist\n>\n0\nc\n3\n3\n\"o\nolitan\nol Dist\n9\nV\n0\n5\no\nE 43\ngo\n\u00a3 2\nto X\nCA\ns\no\ni\n$\nc\n|\n[\nl\n!\n3\ncd\n1\ni_ o    -\no    -   .\ns\u00b0 -. s j\n8fl\n.         o   .\nffS\u00a7\nSco\n(J\nCU CO\np,Z\nSco\n\u2022S    \u00ab\nO Ph m\na\nffl\n2\nCO\nZ\nCO\nH\ni\n&\n1 .4\nsJU:\nL,    p     Cfl\ni ii -\u25a0\n_        CT\nO T3 cfl\nO 0W\n,fi \u00ab   .\n8\u00ab\u00ab\ni So\nall\n\u25a0o>>\nJjjj\nCO  3   3\nSo 3\nT)\n>>\n__\no\no\nU\n(A\nm\nrt\nC3\nca\nM\nrn\nO\n\u2022o\noo\nu\nN\nN\nC\na\n3\ni\n\u00abOfiO J 32 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND WELFARE\nThis table shows the areas in the Province (by health units and school districts)\nwhere venereal disease presents the greatest problem. As in past years, most new notifications (53 per cent) were from the Greater Vancouver area.\nThe other areas from which a relatively large number of reports come are Prince\nGeorge, Prince Rupert, and Kamloops. With the exception of the Kamloops area, there\nis a slight decline in the total number of cases reported from each of these districts compared with 1954. The increase (over 100 per cent) in the number of cases reported\nfrom the Upper Vancouver Island is probably due to the influx of single males working\non the major construction projects under way there. In most other areas reported cases\nare roughly the same in number.\nVICTORIA, B.C.\nPrinted by Don McDiarmid, Printer to the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty\n1956\n360-656-4111","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2009\/08\/skos-reference\/skos.html#note","classmap":"oc:AnnotationContainer"},"iri":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2009\/08\/skos-reference\/skos.html#note","explain":"Simple Knowledge Organisation System; Notes are used to provide information relating to SKOS concepts. There is no restriction on the nature of this information, e.g., it could be plain text, hypertext, or an image; it could be a definition, information about the scope of a concept, editorial information, or any other type of information."}],"Genre":[{"label":"Genre","value":"Legislative proceedings","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/hasType","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"edm:hasType"},"iri":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/hasType","explain":"A Europeana Data Model Property; This property relates a resource with the concepts it belongs to in a suitable type system such as MIME or any thesaurus that captures categories of objects in a given field. It does NOT capture aboutness"}],"Identifier":[{"label":"Identifier","value":"J110.L5 S7","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/identifier","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:identifier"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/identifier","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.; Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system."},{"label":"Identifier","value":"1957_V02_04_J1_J32","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/identifier","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:identifier"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/identifier","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context.; Recommended best practice is to identify the resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system."}],"IsShownAt":[{"label":"DOI","value":"10.14288\/1.0349119","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/isShownAt","classmap":"edm:WebResource","property":"edm:isShownAt"},"iri":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/isShownAt","explain":"A Europeana Data Model Property; An unambiguous URL reference to the digital object on the provider\u2019s website in its full information context."}],"Language":[{"label":"Language","value":"English","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/language","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:language"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/language","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; A language of the resource.; Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as RFC 4646 [RFC4646]."}],"Provider":[{"label":"Provider","value":"Vancouver : University of British Columbia Library","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/provider","classmap":"ore:Aggregation","property":"edm:provider"},"iri":"http:\/\/www.europeana.eu\/schemas\/edm\/provider","explain":"A Europeana Data Model Property; The name or identifier of the organization who delivers data directly to an aggregation service (e.g. Europeana)"}],"Publisher":[{"label":"Publisher","value":"Victoria, BC : Government Printer","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/publisher","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:publisher"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/publisher","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; An entity responsible for making the resource available.; Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organization, or a service."}],"Rights":[{"label":"Rights","value":"Images provided for research and reference use only. For permission to publish, copy or otherwise distribute these images please contact the Legislative Library of British Columbia","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/rights","classmap":"edm:WebResource","property":"dcterms:rights"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/rights","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; Information about rights held in and over the resource.; Typically, rights information includes a statement about various property rights associated with the resource, including intellectual property rights."}],"SortDate":[{"label":"Sort Date","value":"1957-12-31 AD","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/date","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/date","explain":"A Dublin Core Elements Property; A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource.; Date may be used to express temporal information at any level of granularity. Recommended best practice is to use an encoding scheme, such as the W3CDTF profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF]."},{"label":"Sort Date","value":"1957-12-31 AD","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/date","classmap":"oc:InternalResource","property":"dcterms:date"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/date","explain":"A Dublin Core Elements Property; A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource.; Date may be used to express temporal information at any level of granularity. Recommended best practice is to use an encoding scheme, such as the W3CDTF profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF].; A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource.; Date may be used to express temporal information at any level of granularity. Recommended best practice is to use an encoding scheme, such as the W3CDTF profile of ISO 8601 [W3CDTF]."}],"Source":[{"label":"Source","value":"Original Format: Legislative Assembly of British Columbia. Library. Sessional Papers of the Province of British Columbia","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/source","classmap":"oc:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:source"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/source","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; A related resource from which the described resource is derived.; The described resource may be derived from the related resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to identify the related resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system."}],"Title":[{"label":"Title ","value":"Division of Venereal Disease Control Department of Health and Welfare ANNUAL REPORT For the Year 1955","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/title","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:title"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/title","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; The name given to the resource."}],"Type":[{"label":"Type","value":"Text","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/type","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:type"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/type","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; The nature or genre of the resource.; Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the DCMI Type Vocabulary [DCMITYPE]. To describe the file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource, use the Format element."}],"Translation":[{"property":"Translation","language":"en","label":"Translation","value":""}]}