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This could be a full linked open date URI or an internal identifier"}],"Extent":[{"label":"Extent","value":"vii, 160 pages : photographs, portraits, illustrations ; 23 cm","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/extent","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:extent"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/extent","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; The size or duration of the resource."}],"FileFormat":[{"label":"File Format","value":"application\/pdf","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/format","classmap":"edm:WebResource","property":"dc:format"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/elements\/1.1\/format","explain":"A Dublin Core Elements Property; The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource.; Examples of dimensions include size and duration. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary such as the list of Internet Media Types [MIME]."}],"FullText":[{"label":"Full Text","value":"  Royal\nJubilee\nHospital\nThis is the story of the first one\nARY\nhundred years in the development of\nThe Royal Jubilee Hospital in Vic\ntoria, British Columbia.\nIn its beginnings in 1858 as The\nRoyal Hospital it was a pioneer effort.\nToday it has taken its place with the\nforemost    institutions    in < Canada.\nLocated   on   what   was,   in   1858,\nmerely   an   isolated   island   in   the\n\u25a0y|\u00a7\ndistant, vast Pacific Ocean, as far as\neastern   Canada   was  concerned,   the\ntraditions were British as Vancouver\nrY OF\nIsland was then a Crown Colony, but\nMBIA\nthe   geographical   associations   were\nthose of the Pacific slope.\nAt this particular period in world\nhistory,   with   its   tensions   and   in\nsistence on scientific development, it\nis interesting to note how quickly the\ngreat scientific advances in medicine\nin the last one hundred years, were\nappraised   and   incorporated   in   the\nday-to-day   routines   of  the  Jubilee\n'\u25a0&^0Lit j\nHospital.\n<MMm*&\nIllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!\n%A\/v}o\u20acMm0e4&\n     Royal Jubilee Hospital\nVICTORIA, B.C.\n1858-1958\nThe Royal Hospital 1858-1890\nThe Provincial Royal Jubilee Hospital   -    1890-1938\nThe Royal Jubilee Hospital     -   -   -   -    1938-1958\nHerbert H. Murphy\nB.A., M.D., CM., F.A.C.S.\nHEBDEN   PRINTING   CO.   LTD,\nVICTORIA,  B.C.\n  FOREWORD\nWhen requested by the Board of Directors of the Royal\nJubilee Hospital to write this brief story of the hospital's\ndevelopment, Mr. George Masters, Administrator, and his staff\narranged for me to have full access to the existing records, not\nonly of the present hospital from its construction, but of the\noriginal Royal Hospital also. I deeply appreciate their assistance and advice.\nI am indebted to many other individual members of the\nhospital staff: to Dr. J. L. Murray Anderson, Medical Administrator; to Mr. Michael A. M. Fraser, the Assistant Administrator; to Mrs. Robert Pethick for accurate clerical assistance and\nhelp, cheerfully given in confirming certain data; Miss Mary L.\nRichmond, the Director of Nursing in the Training School, and\nher Assistant, Miss Florence Ferguson, have given invaluable\nassistance in securing data on the School of Nursing.\nThe Provincial Archives, a Department of the Provincial\nLibrary, and the Provincial Board of Health have also assisted\nme.    The errors and omissions are mine alone.\nH. H. M.\nVictoria, British Columbia\nDecember, 1957.\nIll\n  TABLE OF CONTENTS\nPage\nChapter I\u2014The Development of the Royal Jubilee Hospital 1\nChapter II\u2014The Provincial Royal Jubilee Hospital\u2014\nConstruction  7\nChapter   III\u2014The   Provincial   Royal   Jubilee   Hospital,\n1890-1956   15\nChapter IV\u2014The Board of Directors and Management  31\nChapter V\u2014Nursing Staff and School  37\nChapter VI\u2014The Medical Staff  44\nChapter VII\u2014The Department of Radiology  55\nChapter VIII\u2014The Pathological Laboratory  59\nChapter IX\u2014Maintenance and Housekeeping  62\nChapter X\u2014Pharmacy  66\nChapter XI\u2014Department of Anaesthesia   68\nChapter XII\u2014Department of Dietetics  70\nChapter XIII\u2014Women's Organizations and Service Clubs 72\nChapter XIV\u2014Social Service  75\nChapter XV\u2014Dr. J. S. Helmcken  77\nChronological History \u201e -.  82\n  ILLUSTRATIONS\nRoyal Jubilee Hospital \u2014 Veterans' Hospital in Background.\nVictoria, 1858. Horse Carts Used to Distribute Water to\nDwellings.\nThe Right Reverend Edward Cridge \u2014 Bishop of British Columbia.\nChrist Church Cathedral and Parsonage.\nRoyal Hospital, 1859-1869 \u2014 Marine Hospital (centre);\nS.S. Beaver (foreground).\nVictoria Female Infirmary, 1864-1869 \u2014 Later the Royal\nHospital, 1869-1890.\nJoshua Davies, First President of the Board of Directors.\nInvitation to the Laying of the Corner Stone,  1889.\nTrowel Presented to Mrs. Nelson at the Laying of the Corner\nStone, 1889.\nH.R.H. The Duke of Connaught and Party at Opening Ceremony, May 21st, 1890.\nProvincial Royal Jubilee Hospital, 1890,\nPemberton Memorial Operating Room\u2014 1896.\nProvincial Royal Jubilee Hospital with Strathcona Addition.\nInterior, Surgical Ward, Male, Approximately 1910.\nOriginal Residence for Nurses\u2014 1909-1930.\nPresent Residence for Nurses \u2014 Opened 1930.\nPemberton Memorial Chapel, 1909.\nPemberton Memorial Chapel, Interior.\nPavilion for Tuberculosis.\nChildren's Ward.\nPsychiatric Block, 1956.\nGraph of Income and Expenditure, 1956.\nEast Wing and Flag Pole (left); Annex (right).\nCapping Ceremony.\nGraduation Ceremony.\nMaternity Block.\nPresent Operating Room Number 1.\nDr. John S. Helmcken.\nPresent Royal Jubilee Hospital.\nVII\n    CHAPTER I\nThe Development of the Royal Jubilee Hospital\nVictoria, British Columbia\n\"The knowledge of past times is naturally growing less in\nall cases not of publick record, and the past time of Scotland is\nso unlike the present, that it is already difficult for a Scotchman\nto imagine the economy of his grandfather.**\nSamuel Johnson to James Boswell\nOctober 27th, 1779.\nWhen we attempt to look backwards over a period of one\nhundred years we must not assume an attitude of superiority.\nThe men and women of that earlier day helped to build the\ncivilization which we know today. We are often inclined to\nterm this \"our civilization\" as if we, and we alone, were\nentitled to the credit, leaving to our ancestors the responsibility\nfor any errors or omissions. We must also remember the\nchange in the purchasing power of our currency, and the revolution in living conditions and habits of thought which have\noccurred in that century. So marked have these changes been\nthat had Elizabeth the First of England visited New Caledonia\nin 1858, for such was the name of the mainland of British\nColumbia at that time, she would easily have understood the\nproblems of daily living. She would not have understood\nhow the famous \"Beaver\" of the Hudson's Bay Company was\ndriven when using steam power and paddle wheels but crossing\nthe Atlantic and rounding the Horn as this ship did, under sail,\nwould have seemed quite reasonable to Good Queen Bess.\nIn 1858, on November 19th, New Caledonia passed into\nhistory and the Crown Colony of British Columbia was proclaimed. It was associated with the Crown Colony of Vancouver Island, which had been formed in 1850. Both were\nunder the direction of Governor Douglas.    The two Crown\n1\n Colonies joined in 1866 with Victoria as the united capital.\nNot until 1871 did British Columbia become a Province of\nthe Dominion of Canada.\nThe discovery of gold on the Fraser River added much to\nthe importance of 1858 in the history of British Columbia and\nVictoria. The latter changed in a few weeks from a small\nsleepy village around a Hudson's Bay Fort to the commercial\noutfitting centre for the gold rush.\nWhat this influx of miners must have meant to Victoria\nwill be realized when we recall that at that time the water\nsupply of Victoria came from the springs on Spring Ridge and\nwas distributed by carts. George Hunter Cary, described as\n\"an able lawyer, but of irascible disposition,\" was Attorney-\nGeneral. Realizing the commercial possibilities he purchased\nthe lots on which the springs were located and fenced them in,\nplanning to sell the water at a shilling a barrel. However,\nthere was such an outcry that the deal was cancelled. It is\ninteresting to note in passing that he built the first house on the\nsite of the present Government House. Later this house served\nas Government House and was known as \"Cary Castle.\" Even\ntoday, the old term is occasionally applied to the present Government House. A picture of the original \"Cary Castle\" hangs\nin the Provincial Archives.\nUnder these circumstances it did not seem too unusual in\nthat year when a sick man was found on a mattress inside the\ngate of the garden of the Anglican Clergyman, the Reverend\nEdward Cridge, later to be the much-beloved Bishop Cridge.\nThe patient admitted that he had been brought there by friends.\nAs Mr. Cridge told the story\u2014\"I asked him why they had\nbrought him to my house, and clandestinely, too.\" 'Oh,' he\nsaid, 'they thought you were the proper man,' \"and I suppose\nI was under the circumstances. I appealed to His Excellency,\nthe Governor, who took the matter up and nominated a Provisional Committee as follows; Mr. Dallas, a Director of the\nHudson's Bay Company; Mr. A. F. Pemberton, Magistrate and\nCommissioner of Police, and myself, District Minister of\nVictoria. So the Parsonage became the first Home Hospital in\nthe Colony. We used temporarily a cottage kindly loaned\nrent free, by Mr. Blinkhorn on the corner of Yates and Broad\nStreets.\"\u2014(From \"Pioneer Days\" by Patience Day\u2014Colonist\nPress, 1924).\n The need for such accommodation was soon demonstrated\nas the small cottage was kept full and the necessity for larger\nquarters became urgent. The Committee finally \"took possession of a piece of land on the Songhees Indian Reserve and erected\na wooden building on the site later to be occupied by the Marine\nHospital. The Government, be it noted, \"though not consulted, offered no objection.\" The first medical officer in\ncharge was Dr. Trimble and the first item in the sundry account\nbook is \"6 bars of soap 1\/6.\" Evidently this supply was not\nmaintained, as on February 1st, 1861, the report of the Grand\nJury, following an inspection of the hospital, reads as follows;\n\"The Committee also visited the hospital and found 13 patients,\nincluding one Indian, who all appeared to be doing well. We\nfound that a water closet was much needed for the sick ward,\nalso sundrie small repairs were needed to the building. We\nwould also urge that more bedding, cots, etc., be furnished so\nthat the inmates be made as comfortable as possible, as we\nnoticed that the present blankets are much soiled owing to not\nhaving a change of bedding. A new stove is much needed, or\nthe old one should be repaired and would also urge that a brick\nchimney be built in the kitchen.\" This report was evidently\nnot a popular one and Chief Justice Cameron held that the\nGrand Jury had \"exceeded its powers.\" However, in May of\nthe following year, the Department of Lands and Works reported to the Colonial Secretary that \"additional accommodation and equipment could be secured for $625.00 and that\nconstruction could be completed in a fortnight.\"\nAccording to the Diary of Bishop Cridge, on February\n13th, 1859, collections were taken up at morning and afternoon\nservices at Christ Church for The Royal Hospital and amounted\nto $149.00. This is referred to in other records as \"Hospital\nSunday.\" As we know it today \"Hospital Sunday\" is a\nnational observance in the United States and Canada. The\nidea was sponsored by the American College of Surgeons soon\nafter its founding in 1913, but is considered generally to have\nbeen based on a \"Hospital Sunday\" started by St. Luke's\nHospital in New York in 1874. In Victoria \"Hospital Sunday\" antedated St. Luke's by fifteen years, but here it was\nobserved only sporadically, but it is still of historical significance.\nIn 1860 the French hospital was opened by the French\nBenevolent and Mutual Society to \"care\" for its members who\n paid one dollar monthly. It was merged in the Provincial Royal\nJubilee Hospital later and only within the last few years was\nthe \"cave'* given by the Jubilee to the last surviving member.\nIn 1868, Mrs. Cridge seems to have been the moving spirit\nin establishing The Female Aid Association to \"provide hospital\ncare for females in need and sickness along lines similar to\nthose in force at The Royal Hospital.\" It was in 1862 that\nthe first \"bride ship,\" the \"Tynemouth,\" arrived in Victoria,\nfollowed shortly by the second and last, the \"Robert Lowe.\"\nTwo of the girls on the second ship were ill on arrival and later\ndied. This undoubtedly focused attention on the need for\nsuch accommodation.\nThe Directors of The Royal Hospital secured a grant of\n150 pounds from the Government for the purpose of building\n\"a female ward.\" Under the patronage of Mrs. Douglas,\n\"The Women's Association\" was formed. This small group\nof women was untiring in their efforts and their reward came\non November 24th, 1864, when the cornerstone of the Female\nInfirmary at the head of Pandora Street was laid by Mrs. Harris,\nthe wife of the Mayor of Victoria. The Colonist gave an\nexceptionally full report and described the building and the\nsite as follows: \"The building, which is a commodious one\nstorey frame, is situated on a commanding site at the head of\nPandora Street, overlooking the city and harbour, Royal Bay\nand the Straits, from Dungeness to Point Ringgold\u2014the view\ntaking in for a long distance the American and Metchosin shores,\nRace Rocks, etc.: the whole presenting a scene of unexampled\nbeauty and loveliness to which the pencil of an artist could\nscarce do justice.\" The medical attendants were Drs. Ash,\nDavie, Dickson, Haggin, Powell and Trimble. A woman \"of\nvery superior character\" was appointed Matron at a salary of\n$25.00 per month. In this connection the following minute\nappeared in the record: \"It was unanimously agreed that when\nthere is no patient in the Infirmary no salary shall be paid to\nthe Matron but the usual allowances for board, lights and firing\nbe continued.\" When compared with conditions of employment today we are apt to smile and be very critical but we must\nrecall that even in Upper and Lower Canada the Labour movement was negligible before 1850, although certain ill defined\nunions were formed as early as 1827 in Toronto, Montreal\nand  Quebec.     The  first  Canadian  Congress  of Labour was\n4\n held in 1873 and that distinguished statesman and clever politician, Sir John A. Macdonald, promised \"respectful and\nprompt\" attention to whatever suggestions for Labour legislation the Trades Assemblies might wish to make. In a private\nletter to his old friend Alexander Campbell he wrote: \"The\nworkingmen are at a white heat in my favour just now,\" but\nthis meant little in British Columbia, which had become a\nProvince of the Dominion of Canada only two years earlier.\nIt is probably a safe assumption that conditions of employment\nin Victoria at the time of the founding of The Royal Hospital\nwere no better than those prevailing in the large centres of the\nAtlantic seaboard. The following rules for guidance of employees hung in the store of John Wanamaker in Philadelphia\nin 1854:\n\"Store must be open at 6:30 a.m. and remain open until\n9 p.m. the year round.\n\"The store must be swept, counters, base shelves and show\ncases dusted, lamps trimmed, filled and chimneys cleaned; pens\nmade; doors and windows opened; a pail of water and a scuttle\nof coal must be brought in by each clerk before breakfast, if\nthere is time to do so, and attend to the customers who call.\n\"The store must not be open on the Sabbath day, unless\nabsolutely necessary, and then only for a few minutes. Any\nemployee who is in the habit of smoking Spanish cigars, getting\nshaved at the barber shop, going to dances and other places of\namusement will most surely give his employer reason to be\nsuspicious of his integrity and all-around honesty.\n\"Each employee must pay not less than $5.00 per year to\nthe church and must attend Sabbath school each Sabbath.\n\"Men employees are given an evening a week for courting\npurposes and two if they go to prayer meeting regularly.\n\"After fourteen hours' work in the store, the leisure time\nmust be spent in reading good literature.\"\nThe Royal Jubilee Hospital Employees* Association, with full\nbargaining rights, was not to come until 1949.\nIn 1869, the Female Infirmary and The Royal Hospital\nwere amalgamated under the name of The Royal Hospital\nand all patients were accommodated in the institution on Pandora Avenue. The old Royal Hospital Building on the Indian\nReserve served to house the mentally ill from 1872-1878 and\n was known as the Lunatic Asylum. Thus Victoria solved its\nmost urgent hospital problem\u2014the care of illness amongst the\nindigent. However, the growth of the city combined with the\nsteady advance in medical science, during the next two decades\nnot only made this accommodation inadequate but also made\nclear the need for hospital care for those who were not indigent.\n CHAPTER II\nProvincial Royal Jubilee Hospital\nCONSTRUCTION\n\"He builded better than he knew.\" (Emerson, The Problem.)\n\"Chiefs\u2014Oar road is not built to last a thousand years,\nyet in a sense it is. When a road is once built, it is a strange\nthing how it collects traffic, how every year as it goes on, more\nand more people are found to walk thereon, and others are\nraised up to repair and perpetuate it and keep it alive.**\nRobert Louis Stevenson, 1850-1894\nVailima Letters. Address to the Chiefs\non the Opening of the Road of Gratitude,\nOctober, 1894.\nIt was very natural and fitting that in 1887 when the\nwhole British Empire was planning how best to honour Queen\nVictoria on the occasion of her approaching Jubilee in 1888,\nthe City of Victoria should give careful thought and consideration to her plans for this great event. Thoughtful citizens\nknew that the Royal Hospital was no longer adequate for\nrapidly growing Victoria and the idea of marking the Jubilee\nyear by building a new and modern hospital made a general\nappeal when Dr. Davie first made it. As usual The Victoria\nDaily Colonist presented the argument clearly and emphatically\nin an editorial on February 20th, 1887.\n\"What more acceptable and more in keeping with the Jubilee\nYear than the erection of a general hospital. . . . The Royal\nHospital is utterly inadequate for the relief which it is supposed\nto afford. It has been in its day and is yet a most worthy institution but its accommodations are entirely too limited to fill the want\nwhich it is now supposed to fill. With the increasing importance\nof this port some institution such as is found in the leading cities\nof the Dominion must be established here. . . . The hospital should\nbe a stately structure, an ornament to the city, built on the most\nmodern plans, with wards for men and women and surrounded\nby spacious grounds for recreation and pleasure. . . . Nothing but\na first class hospital should be built, and the promoters of the idea\nwill demand nothing less.\"\n The plan had evidently been well thought out, as the\nfollowing day The Daily Times announced that at a meeting\nof the subscribers to the Royal Hospital held that morning in\nthe rooms of the Board of Trade \"it was decided to erect a\nbuilding with all the improvements and accommodations\nrequired at a cost of about $40,000. . . . Mr. Alex McLean was\nappointed Chairman, Mr. W. Chudley, Secretary and Mr. W. C.\nWard, Treasurer. A sub-committee was appointed to confer\nwith the government.\" The names of those attending that\nfirst organization meeting are still of interest to us either because\nof the stature of these men themselves or the success and achievements of their descendants. They were Hon. Mr. Justice\nCrease, Hon. J. W. Trutch, Hon. Eli Harrison, Jr., Hon. H.\nNelson, Lieutenant-Governor; Senator J. MacDonald, Hon. P.\nO'Reilly, Messrs. Alex. McLean, John S. Yates, A. J. Langley,\nJoshua Davies, Roderick Finlayson, T. R. Smith (H.B.C.),\nH. F. Heisterman, M. Strouss, M. F. Woods, C. E. Redfern,\nJ. D. Warren, George Byrnes, J. H. Todd, William Dalby,\nE. Crow Baker, M.P.; Noah Shakespeare, M.P.; W. C. Ward,\nWilliam Whyte, W. H. Ellis (Colonist), Mayor Fell, William\nChudley, Carlo Bossi, J. H. Turner, R. Dunsmuir, F. Bullen,\nJohn Grant, Dennis Harris, B. W. Pearse, M. W. T. Drake,\nR. E. Jackson, D. W. Higgins, Walter Shears, C. E. Pooley,\nEdwin Johnson, E. A. McQuade, E. G. Prior, A. A. Green,\nD. R. Munro (C.P.R.), John Nicholles, Thomas Earle, J. K.\nHett, Henry Brown, Alex Wilson, R. T. Williams, T. Cubbe.\nThese men constituted a General Committee, with Alex Mac-\nLean as President, William Chudley, Secretary, and W. C.\nWard, Treasurer.\nThe Provincial Government was then consulted and\npromised a grant of $20,000, provided that an equal sum was\nraised by private subscription but with the reservation that the\ngrant would not exceed the amount so donated. Few communities are free from sectionalism and a contemporary newspaper clipping reported as follows:\n\"When a vote of $20,000 for the Jubilee Hospital came to\nbe read a second time Mr. Bole asked for a division of the house\non it. He objected to $20,000 being spent in this way in Victoria.\nMr. Thompson said he had been to the Royal Hospital that morning and had found that there were 17 patients there from the mainland. Mr. Higgins\u2014\"Yes, of the 35 patients 17 are from the\nmainland.\" Mr. Bole\u2014\"I am here to look after mainland money\nnot mainland invalids.\"\n8\n     The division stood as follows:\nAyes\u2014Robson,    Martin,    Croft,    Thompson,    Dunsmuir,\nHiggins, Davie, Allen, Vernon, Turner, Prior, Beaven, T. Davie,\nJohn, Mason, Stenhouse, Anderson, Cowan\u201418.\nNoes\u2014Bole, Ladner, Orr\u20143.\nThis substantial support, personal and financial, did much\nfor the morale of the Committee and the following appeal was\nmade to the clergy of the city:\nProvincial Royal Jubilee Hospital\nVictoria, B.C., April 2nd, 1887.\nReverend and Dear Sir:\nAt a meeting of the General Citizens' Committee held\nyesterday it was moved, \"That a circular be sent the Ministers\nof all denominations asking for their co-operation in this project\nand if they would devote the proceeds of all services to be held\non Sunday, the 19th of June next, to the funds of the Provincial Royal Jubilee Hospital, and thus inaugurate a Hospital\nSunday\/'\nThis date, you will observe, has been chosen as the nearest\nthe day on which the Jubilee of Her Most Gracious Majesty\noccurs, and will, I trust, meet with your convenience and\napproval.\nThe weather will then, in all probability, be more settled\nand a number of visitors in our city will no doubt add\nto the contributions of those resident here.\nI shall be glad of your reply consenting to the above\nresolution or otherwise at as early a date as may be convenient\nto yourself.\nI am, Rev'd and Dear Sir,\nYours Faithfully,\nFor the General Committee,\nWilliam M. Chudley,\nHon'y Secretary.\nVictoria was already \"tourist conscious.\"\nThe Royal Jubilee Hospital through its beginning as the\nRoyal Hospital naturally initiated many hospital procedures in\nBritish Columbia and was one of the leaders in Canada in\nmany instances. Finding this reference to \"Hospital Sunday\"\nin 1887 in addition to that already mentioned in 1859, sug-\n gested that this might have been first in Canada, if not on the\ncontinent. However, the Library and Literary Research Department of the American College of Surgeons through its efficient\nand helpful Director, Miss Marguerite Prime, advises as follows:\n\"In 1874, the Board of Managers of St. Luke's Hospital\nissued an appeal to various Episcopal hospitals of New York for a\ncollection. The last Sunday of every year was designated as\n'Hospital Sunday.' The appeal was endorsed by Bishop Potter,\nhead of the Episcopal Church of New York in a circular letter to\nhis clergy. It was so favourably received that the annual collection\nwas initiated and maintained from 1874 onward. Other denominations followed suit and in 1878 these independent campaigns were consolidated into a common and co-ordinated one.\"\n(Joseph Hirsch\u2014Saturday, Sunday and Everyday; History of\nUnited Hospital Fund, New York.)\nIf the Jubilee did not initiate this custom in Canada, it\nwas certainly in the vanguard.\nThe response was evidently satisfactory and on July 18th,\n1887, the following trustees were appointed:\nHon. J. W. Trutch, T. R. Smith, Hon. John Robson, Mr.\nJustice Crease, Robert Dunsmuir, Alex MacLean and James Fell.\nThe following were named as a \"Building Committee\":\nAlex. Maclean, Hon. J. W. Trutch, Mayor Fell, Alex Wilson,\nJ. S. Yates, William Chudley and T. R. Smith.\nA new site of just under twenty acres was then purchased\non the corner of Cadboro Bay Road and Mount Tolmie Road,\nor Richmond Avenue as it is known today. The price was\n$6,702.50. The newspaper report refers to it as \"a desirable\nsite and the price reasonable.\" At this time a question with\ncontroversial possibilities was raised by the Knights of Labour.\nThis organization asked if Chinese would be admitted to the\nnew hospital. The question was referred to the future when\nthe Board of Management would be appointed.\nBy August, the Committee had decided on the main details\nof the proposed building. It was to be of brick and rubble\nmasonry foundation at a cost not to exceed $35,000. Accommodation was to be provided for 100 non-paying patients.\nArchitects' plans were called, a \"premium\" of $800 to be paid\nfor the plan selected. These plans were to be unsigned but'\naccompanied  by  a   \"motto\"   for  identification.     In  January,\n1888, three sets of plans were selected from those submitted, as\nworthy of further consideration. These were accompanied by\nthe following mottoes, \"Fresh Air,\" \"Work and Win,\" and\n'\"Theory and Practice.\"\n10\n Consulting architects primarily interested in hospital construction and experienced in that work were not available in\n1888 and we have no historical data on the professional qualifications of the architects who submitted these plans. However,\ntradition has supplied one account which may well be true.\nBefore the work of Pasteur and Lord Lister, the scourge of\ninstitutional surgery was hospital gangrene and one theory of\nthe spread of this dire disease was that it spread upwards\nthrough a building from one floor to that above. In accordance\nwith this idea, when the Widal Clinic in Paris was built, it was\nof one storey. It was hailed as a great advance and widely\npublicized. Soon afterwards the epoch marking work of Louis\nPasteur, the French chemist, and of Lord Lister, the British\nSurgeon, established the part played by microbic life in most\nsurgical infections and the architectural explanation of hospital\ngangrene was discarded. However, when a new hospital was to be\nbuilt in San Francisco the fame of the Widal Clinic had reached\nthe Pacific Coast and bungalow construction was repeated here,\noblivious to the fact that microbic infection had been proven.\nWith a brand new hospital in California, what more natural\nthan that the \"most modern\" ideas in hospital architecture\nshould have been adopted for the new Royal Provincial Jubilee\nHospital as commercial and social ties between British Columbia\nand the Golden State were then as now, close and understanding.\nSo today, we still at the Royal Jubilee have several units of\nbungalow type construction. Whether true in its entirety this\nbit of tradition reminds us again of that lag between the findings\nin pure science and their incorporation into daily life. Another\nexample of this is the work done on congenital heart disease by\nDr. Maude Abbott at McGill about the turn of the century,\nwhich laid the foundation for the modern surgical treatment of\nthe \"Blue Babies\" of today.\n\"Work and Win\" and \"Theory and Practice\" plans were\nfinallv selected, but when tenders were called the quotations\nvaried from $55,000 to $80,000 and as there was no water\nsupply to this part of Victoria at that time the cost of extending\ncity mains or depending on a supply from wells had also to be\nconsidered. After many alterations and much thought and\ndiscussion, a modified version of \"Work and Win\" was accepted\nand tenders again were called.\n11\n These plans called for \"a hospital which contains three\nwards of 16 beds in each, one for male surgical cases, one for\nmedical cases, and a female ward of equal dimensions and similar\nconstruction to these, and with day rooms attached to all; an\nadministrative block with the necessary apartments for a resident medical officer, matron, laboratory, accident ward, committee room, kitchen, storerooms and in addition two separate\nbuildings for infectious diseases. There are also 12 separate\nsmaller wards for paying patients.\nThey recommend heating to be by hot water with\nseparate furnace for each ward . . . ventilation is provided.\nWater supply is supposed to be brought from the city mains.\nDrainage is to be by means of drains running to a cesspool at a\nsuitable distance from the building. . . . that the administrative\nblock be of brick or stone and the wards of wood on a brick or\nstone foundation.\" These modifications were outlined in a\nreport from a sub-committee of the medical profession and\nsigned by W. Macnaughton Jones, J. Davie, J. S. Helmcken\nand G. L. Milne.\nA small group of citizens became very active and asked\nthat another site be provided closer to the centre of the city.\nSome of the clergy, and some physicians perhaps, to quote from\none petition, \"those without horse and carriage\" (and this\nmay have applied to the clergy also) supported this idea, but\nthe General Committee stood firmly by their earlier decisions\nand when the plans were accepted the Colonist commented in a\nlong editorial\u2014\"As everyone knows the situation is a lovely\none with the view taking in the green fields and wood to the\neast, the archipelago and the grand mountains beyond, including\nthe lordly Mount Baker.\"\nMessrs. Drake, Jackson and Helmcken were appointed\nsolicitors and on December 4th, 1888, the tender of John P.\nElford for $50,558 was accepted. The date for completion\nof the work was set for December 31st, 1889, with a penalty\nclause calling for forfeit of $100.00 per week or portion thereof\nfor delay beyond that date. A separate tender was alsd\naccepted for extension of city water mains a distance of 3,920\nlineal feet at a further cost of $790.00. Ground was broken\non January 6th, 1889, and J. Kinsman was appointed Clerk\nof the Works at $6.00 per working day. The provisional\nDirectors chosen for incorporation were:\n12\n Joshua Davies, E. A. McQuade, Alexander Wilson, Stuart\nYates, James Fell, W. M. Chudley, Hon. R. Dunsmuir, A. A.\nGreen, Mr. Justice Crease, C. E.  Redfern and Charles Hayward.\nThe Hon. Robert Dunsmuir did not live to see the completion of his Craigdarroch home, neither did he see the completion of the Provincial Royal Jubilee Hospital, as he died\non May 2nd.\nArrangements were made for the laying of the cornerstone\non Easter Monday, but on account of \"inclemency of the\nweather\" this was postponed until the following day, April\n23rd, 1890. The ceremony was carried out then in perfect\nVictoria weather. A special silver trowel was purchased with\nwhich Mrs. Nelson, the wife of the Lieutenant-Governor,\nofficiated. A copper case was placed under the cornerstone and\nin this case were placed:\nA block plan of the building.\nCanadian  silver  currency\u201450,   25,   10  and  5   cent  pieces\nOne English sovereign.\nA copy of the address of the President of the General Committee.\nA list of the names of those serving on the General Committee,\ndetailing the circumstances of the day on parchment.\nThe silver trowel was presented to Mrs. Nelson. This\ntrowel is now in the Provincial Archives and bears the following inscription:\n\"Presented to Mrs. Nelson, wife of the Honourable Hugh\nNelson, Lieutenant-Governor of the Province of British Columbia,\nby the Committee at the Royal Provincial Jubilee Hospital on the\noccasion of the laying of the corner-stone of that Institution,\nVictoria, British Columbia, 22nd April, 1889.\"\nOn the reverse of the blade is a monogram of the letters\n\"E.N.\"\nA flag staff was erected at a cost of $50 and the building\nwas taken over from the contractors on April 2nd, 1890. The\ncity agreed to donate 30,000 gallons of water monthly, but no\nconnection to the city sewers was yet available and as the cost\nof providing discharge into the sea directly was too expensive\nto be considered, a properly designed cesspool was built.\nOn April 2nd permission was given to Dr. Davie to use\nthe accommodation provided for infectious diseases, should this\nprove necessary, and on May 20th, 1890, the official opening\nby H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught made the Provincial Royal\nJubilee Hospital of Victoria available to the citizens of Victoria\nand of the Province of British Columbia.\n13*\n On May 31st, 1890, the Colonist reported the final meeting of the Building Committee. Mr. Fell remarked that \"it\nwas said of churches that they did not seem to prosper without a\ndebt of some kind\" and implied that this might also be true of\nhospitals. If this was true in those days, the Jubilee Hospital\nwas fully equipped in this manner also, as there was a debt of\n$15,000.00. Lighting was still to be arranged for, lamps\nor gas or electricity. Oil lamps sufficed for the time being.\nEach individual unit had its own heating plant and there were\nseventeen fireplaces. But it must be stressed that these buildings are, with the exception of the isolation units, still in daily\nhospital use.   The contract was completed without \"extras.\"\nThe Colonist reported further that:\n\"Mr. Chudley, the Honorary Secretary, is just now besieged\nwith applications. There are 50 or more ladies, including trained\nnurses from the hospitals of London and New York, who solicit\nemployment as nurses. Strange to say a great majority of the\napplicants make special mention of the fact that they are Presbyterians. Four or five applications have been received for the\nposition of matron and about as many for the post of medical\nsuperintendent.\"\n\"It was assented to that permission be asked from the proper\nauthorities to fly the Royal Standard presented to the institution\nby Mr. R. D. Welch of Liverpool.\"\nThe Provincial Royal Jubilee Hospital was born.\nFor list of Directors see Appendix XX.\n14\n CHAPTER III\nProvincial Royal Jubilee Hospital\n1890- 1956\nTurn, turn my wheel\u2014*Tis nature's plan\nThe child should grow into the man.\nKeramos,   HENRY  WADSWORTH  LONGFELLOW\n(1807-1882).\nThe second chapter dealt with the birth of The Royal\nProvincial Jubilee Hospital. The period of adolescence was\nto last about thirty years\u2014until after World War I. The\nfledgling institution was far from being set soundly on its feet.\nIt carried quite a heavy debt, construction had of necessity been\nlimited to the absolute essentials and as has been the case in\nalmost all older hospitals, modification of the initial structure\nbegan almost immediately. This process of adaptation of\nexisiting structures to new needs still continues as every one of\nthe original buildings and all additions are still functioning.\nAll this is a tribute to the care and foresight shown by the\nvarious Boards of Directors in that basic construction was\nsound and so could be remodelled as occasion arose. The problems facing operation of the new hospital were of many kinds.\nPerhaps the first one was geographical as the new institution\nwas well outside the city limits and so beyond city sewerage.\nSeveral years and the enlargement of the city limits were necessary for satisfactory solution. Many of the problems were only\ntoo often due to a steadily increasing demand for modern\nhospital services beyond the immediate reach of the institution\u2014\nowing to lack of funds, equipment and adequately trained\npersonnel\u2014not at that time available. Many of these problems\nwere solved then as they still are today by one or more of the\nmany friends of the hospital as when Mrs. H. Dallas Helmcken\ngave a microscope, or by one of the unfailing women's organizations to whom the Directors never turn in vain.    Sometimes\n15\n the problem arose through the actual gift of a well-meaning\nfriend as when Major Dupont presented the new hospital with\na horse-drawn ambulance costing $500.00. However, it was\nnot endowed and horses, then as now, must be purchased and\ncared for. Mr. Frank, later Sir Frank Barnard, and the officers\nof the transfer company, solved this problem for the hospital\nby housing the ambulance in their buildings. There was, however, a second difficulty as some people, as their successors would\ntoday, saw only one more free service by the hospital. For\nthis reason the Directors ruled that all ambulance calls must be\npaid in advance, but a real emergency arose when no one would\nguarantee the charge. The hospital was criticized and the ruling\nwas rescinded. Later the ambulance was placed on a purely\ncommercial basis\u2014quite distinct from the hospital.\nJust how the custom arose, under which the hospital paid\nfor the burial of all city indigents is not clear, but this was\ndone for a time. Not only this but as late as 1894 there is an\nitem of cemetery fees $75.00. Funds were so carefully guarded\nthat there must have been some explanation acceptable at that\ntime. Actually it was not easy for an indigent to gain admission to the hospital. Not only had he to have the approval\nof a practicing physician but he had then to secure the approval\nof two Directors of the hospital recommending him as a\nsuitable recipient of charity.\nIt was a time of small things and people still understood\nthe difference between thrift and meanness\u2014a distinction often\nforgotten today in the world whose adjectives are huge, super\nand colossal. A strict account was kept of the returns from the\nkitchen garden\u2014later referred to in hospital records as \"the\nFarm\" and the last entry was in 1925. Pigs and chickens were\nalso part of the farm but the Directors did not act on the suggestion made to keep cows on the grounds that \"it was undesirable and could not be done without loss.\" The chickens were\nlater a cause of complaint from nearby residents as the district\nbecame settled and the building of a \"sanitary pig sty\" would\nsuggest that here, too, some difficulties were encountered. Expenditures were just as carefully supervised and we find the purchase of \"six hot water food warmers of copper at one dollar\neach\" came up three times before it was finally passed. But the\nvision of what the \"Royal Provincial Jubilee Hospital\" would\nbecome was  never  forgotten.     At  the  opening,  Mr.  Joshua\n16\n JOSHUA DAVIES\nFirst President Board of Directors Provincial Royal Jubilee Hospital.\n    Davies referred to the time when there would be a medical school\non the hospital grounds. That prophecy has not yet been fulfilled but it is perhaps significant that today the majority of our\nMedical Internes come from the Medical Faculty of the University of British Columbia.\nIn July of 1893, Victoria was visited by a severe small pox\nepidemic. There were no facilities at all for the handling of\nsuch a calamity and the citizens were terrified as the community\nquickly became almost completely isolated from intercourse with\nthe mainland.\nThe city officials acted at once and selected a site for a\nquarantine hospital but an injunction was served blocking this\nmove. The hospital acted promptly with courage and decision,\nrecognizing its responsibilities as the city hospital. The\nrecord reads: \"On Saturday, July 9th, the Board of Directors\nthrough its President offered the Mayor the use of a portion of\nthe hospital grounds whereon to erect buildings for the purpose,\nwhich offer was gladly accepted. Within twenty-four hours\nthe quarantine hospital was built, the patients removed thereto\"\n(from a miserable pest house on the waterfront where conditions were intolerable) \"and a proper staff of female nurses\nfrom our hospital was in attendance. Within one week four\ncottages, each containing two sick wards, nurses' rooms and\nkitchen, and a general ward 100x20 feet were also built, giving\naccommodation for over fifty patients. The quarantine was\nfurnished completely from the stock of the Jubilee Hospital.\nWhile the hospital had sole charge of the Quarantine Station,\nthe Corporation (of the City of Victoria) defrayed all expenses.\nThe whole of the hospital grounds was guarded and placed\nunder strict quarantine regulations. Our action, while relieving\nthe city of its great danger, had the effect of seriously reducing\nour income from pay patients to such an extent that it became a\nquestion with us whether we would have to close one of the\nwards for want of funds; fortunately a favourable change took\nplace towards the close of the year which rendered this step\nunnecessary. The Board, however, find themselves to be considerably more in debt at the end of the fiscal year than they had\nanticipated, but they feel confident the public, taking into consideration the valuable services rendered by this Institution\nduring the late outbreak, will again come forward and contribute\nin the same liberal and hearty manner they have hitherto done.\"\n17\n So wrote Mr. Joshua Davies, the President, in his annual report\nJune 1st, 1893. No one who has experienced a severe epidemic\nof any contagious disease in a community actually unprepared\nto meet the disaster can fail to be moved by this simple direct\nstatement of determination and courage. The epidemic was\nover by autumn. The Jubilee had met its first major community\nresponsibility and had not failed. Victoria did not fail to express\nits appreciation and the following year approved a by-law for\n$35,000.00 for the Jubilee and the mortgage on the property\nwas paid and the property was clear.\nIn 1875 at the laying of the cornerstone of St. Joseph's\nHospital, Dr. J. S. Helmcken in his address foretold the establishment of a training school for nurses. The Jubilee through\nits association with the Royal Hospital is historically the first\nhospital in the province, so it was reasonable that very soon\nafter opening, the Directors of the Jubilee should show real\ninterest in the establishment of such a school. They were not\nonly making history in this western outpost of the Empire,\nthey were conscious of the timing in the stream of world events.\nTo fully understand how intimately the isolated island community of Victoria kept in touch with world thinking a short\nhistorical review is necessary.\nThe Crimean War, with England, France, Austria,\nSardinia and Turkey on one side, and Russia on the other,\nbegan in 1853 and ended in 1856 with the peace of Paris.\nFlorence Nightingale was born in 1820 and was 33 at the outbreak of the war. From the age of twenty she had interested\nherself in nursing and sanitation and in spite of the opposition\nof her family had taken a course in nursing in a Deaconess training institution at Kaiserwerth in Germany. She was appointed\nsuperintendent of a private hospital in London in 1853 and\nwas considering accepting the position of superintendent of\nnurses at King's College Hospital when she was asked by the\ngovernment to go to Crimea with a group of nurses to try to\ncorrect the awful situation which had developed in connection\nwith the care of the sick and wounded in the campaign. Russia\nand France had religious Sisters with their armies but England\nhad only untrained men and the conditions were nothing short\nof a national disgrace. This is all difficult to understand when\none recalls that the French surgeon Larrey had organized a\nreasonably good surgical service for Napoleon.    When Florence\n18\n Nightingale and her 38 nurses (Roman Catholic and Anglican\nSisters, lay nurses and others) established order out of chaos\nand reduced the death rate to 2 per cent the opportunity came\nto Miss Nightingale to establish the Nightingale School of\nNurses at St. Thomas' Hospital in London in 1860. Here she\ndemonstrated her philosophy of Nursing which stipulated that:\n1. Nursing requires a special \"call.\"\n2. There must be an underlying basis of religious ardour.\n3. It is an art and therefore must continually\nprogress.\n4. Good nursing always has a definite moral\ninfluence.\nShe demanded two essentials for a training school:\n1. That nurses should be technically trained in\nhospitals organized for that purpose.\n2. That they should live in homes fit to form\ntheir moral lives and discipline.\nThis was the gospel of modern scientific nursing that was\nto sweep throughout the civilized world with a lengthening\nof life and a lessening of suffering beyond computation.\nIt is generally accepted that The New England Hospital\nfor Women and Children in Boston, Massachusetts, was the\nfirst institution in the United States to establish a true Training\nSchool for Nurses.    This was done in 1872.\nWriting of the Development of nursing in Canada, Miss\nMinnie Goodnow, R.N., states in her \"Nursing History\":\n\"Doubtless the first attempt to train nurses was that made\nby the Ursuline Sisters of Quebec, Canada, who about 1640 taught\nthe Indian women to care for their sick.\"\nMiss Goodnow gives the following summary of the establishment of the early training schools in Canada.\n1864    General and Marine Hospital, St. Catharines, Ontario.\n(This school failed and was restarted in 1874.)\n1884    The General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario.\n1886 The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario.\n1887 The General Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba.\nThe General Hospital, Fredericton, N.B.\n1888 The General Hospital, St. John's, N.B.\nThe General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario.\n1890    The Provincial Royal Jubilee Hospital.\nThe General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec.\nSt. Boniface General Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba.\n19\n There is a slight error here, as the records of the Provincial\nRoyal Jubilee Hospital give the date of the opening of the\nTraining School as December 16, 1891.\nThis record is indeed impressive of vision and foresight\non the part of the Board of Directors, the Administrative Staff\nand the Attending Medical Staff. In the latter group, Dr. J. S.\nHelmcken was the moving spirit. He was at that time the\noldest physician in the Province and much beloved. Elsewhere\nin this volume a short biography of this able man will be found.\nHe gave the official address at the opening of the Training\nSchool. He was trained in Philosophy as well as in Medicine\nand his address repays careful reading today. Perhaps a few\nshort quotations from it will be of interest, although it is\nnever quite fair to a speaker to pluck extracts from the text of\nan address:\n\"What 'matter may really be: whether or how it originated\nis unknown, perhaps unknowable. Much, however, is known\nabout its properties; that it undergoes various and numerous\nchanges in form and combination, nothing, however, being lost.\nIt is to these changes that the terms 'beginning' and 'end' 'life and\ndeath' are in ordinary language applied. Yet the beginning of\none change has been, or is, the end of the preceding one, and that\nend of the new change will result in another, so that in this respect\nthere is neither beginning or end; but a ring of changes, a circle\nwithout a beginning and without a termination. Examining into\nthe causes of these changes in the form of matter, it will be found\nthat they all ensue from, and are governed by so-called natural\nlaw. It seems indeed as though every particle of matter, whether\norganic or inorganic, has, under certain conditions, special and\ninperative functions or duties to perform, these, as it were, being\nstamped on them by law. . . . Knowledge of these laws is\nof the utmost importance to medical science and nursing. What\nthe nature or the source of the law may be, how or whether it\nhad a beginning, is the problem, the mystery which mankind has\nfrom the earliest to the present day been endeavouring to discover\nand solve: thus far the solution has eluded their grasp. Of conceptions and theories there have been a superabundance, those of\none period being supplanted by those of a later time, as though one\ngeneration lived to correct the errors of its predecessors, and these\nto make others for successors to examine and quarrel about with a\nsimilar result. . . . Good nurses are a blessing to the community\ngenerally, in fact, in some cases, they are superior to the professional\nman, but ordinarily his valuable, cherished and respected handmaids . . . the education of nurses (thus) becomes a question of\nnational importance. . . . Let no one enter this calling from whim\nor some temporary emotional cause: think well over the matter\nfor it is a very laborious and very responsible occupation, one that\nwill try the strength and temper to the utmost degree. The nurse\nhas no eight hours for work, eight hours for sleep and eight hours\nfor amusement. . . .\"\n20\n In 1894 a generous gift came from the Hon. J. D. Pemberton to build a Maternity section and this was at a slightly\nlater date supplemented by further gifts from Mrs. Pemberton\nand it seemed for a time that this much-needed accommodation\nwould be secured. However, after much careful thought and\ndeliberation the Directors decided that the amount of money\navailable was not sufficient for this purpose and with the\napproval of Mrs. Pemberton the money was used to build The\nPemberton Memorial Operating Room which continued in\ndaily use until the East Wing was built in 1925 and the present\nsuite of operating rooms became available. The original Pemberton unit is still sound and in regular use as offices in connection with the Radiation Therapy Department and the Victoria\nCancer Clinic. Unfortunately, Dr. J. S. Helmcken, who had\nfor years advocated the establishment of a Maternity Department for the needs of the community as well as to complement\nthe training of nurses in the new school, could not agree with\nthe decision to postpone work on this project and resigned from\nthe Medical Staff in protest, much to the regret of the Directors\nand Medical Staff.   Later this difficulty was overcome.\nThe cornerstone of the new Operating Room was laid by\nMrs. Pemberton on May 15th, 1896.   She was presented with\na  specially constructed  trowel  described  as  follows by Mr.\nJoshua Davies,  the President of the Hospital Board,  in his\naddress:\n\"The blade was made from a silver brick presented by Mr.\nAndrew B. Hendrix, the ore having been taken from the celebrated\nBlue Bell Mine and smelted at Pilot Bay and its purity was stamped\n999 fine. The base of the handle was made from matte, the\nproduct of the Silver King Mine and was presented by the Hall\nMining and Smelting Co. of Nelson. The gold ferrule was made\nfrom matte, smelted at Trail and smelted from ore from Le Roi\nMine, one of the largest and best known mines in the world, so\nthat the trowel is made from metals obtained exclusively from the\nthree largest and best known mines in the Kootenay and smelted\nby trie only three smelters in the Province. I am indebted to Mr.\nJoseph W. McFarland for the wood from which the handle was\nmade. It is a piece of oak timber from the steamer \"Beaver,\"\nthe first steamer to turn a paddle in the Pacific. The inscription\non the silver blade read: 'Presented to Mrs. T. J. D. Pemberton,\nas a momento of the laying of the corner-stone of the Pemberton\nMemorial Operating Room, Provincial Royal Jubilee Hospital,\nMay 15th,  1895\/ \"\nEfforts to locate this trowel, made through the Pemberton\nfamily and the Provincial Archives have so far been unsuccessful.\nFurther in the hospital records we read:\n21\n 1\n\"Mr. John Teague placed in a receptacle under the stone a\ncopper box, containing the Hospital Reports for 1894-5; Daily\nand Weekly Colonist, and the special Colonist of April 5 th:\nDaily and Weekly Times, The Province, the Queen's Birthday\nCelebration Programme, copies of letters and proceedings relating\nto the Pemberton Memorial, the President's address, the reply on\nbehalf of Mrs. T. J. D. Pemberton, and a fifty, twenty-five, ten\nand five cent piece. The stone was then lowered into place and\nplumbed by the contractor for the building, Mr. Thomas Catterall,\nand Mrs. Pemberton tapped it with her trowel and pronounced\nthe stone well and truly laid. Mr. W. C. Ward, on behalf of\nMrs. Pemberton, acknowledged the gift in the following words\nwritten by Mrs. Pemberton:\n\" 'I must thank you, Mr. President, and your Co-Directors,\nfor this interesting and beautiful memento of the occasion of our\nassemblage here today, and sincerely trust that God's blessing may\nattend the work that will in future be done in this place.' \"\nIn 1898 when the rush was started for the Klondyke the\nDirectors ruled that to be eligible for free treatment as an\nindigent, an applicant must be a British subject and resident\nin the Province for at least one month.\nThe Architect for the Empress Hotel and for the Parliament Buildings, Mr. F. M. Rattenbury, was resident in Victoria\nand prepared plans for a residence on the hospital grounds for\nthe Resident Medical Officer, Dr. Hasell. The house was built\nin 1900 at a cost of $2,500.00 and the Architect donated his\nservices, estimated at $127.57. He was made a Life Member\nof the hospital society. The Ladies* Auxiliary furnished this\nhouse at a cost of $484.79 and it was the residence of the\nMedical Superintendent or Resident Medical Officer until 1934,\nwhen it was demolished.\nA good hospital must grow, not only as an institution for\nthe care of the sick, but as a teaching centre and noting the\nmajor developments in buildings, extensions and alterations\nis a convenient series of pegs on which to hang the progress of\nthe years. However, we must never forget that the real growth,\nthe basic progress, is also in a very large degree a measure of the\ncalibre of the men and women, who, in good times and in bad,\nin periods of construction and in those periods when construction is necessary but impossible and makeshift alterations the\nonly compromise, have never lost their sense of vision and of\nperspective.\n\"J am not witling that this discussion should\nclose without mention of the value of a true teacher.\nGive me a log hut, with only a simple bench, Mark\n22\n Hopkins on one end and I on the other, and you may\nhave all the buildings, apparatus and libraries without\nhim.**\nJames Abram Garfield (1831-1881) in\nhis address to Williams College Alumni, New\nYork, December 28th,  1871.\nIn 1904, a further addition, to accommodate paying\npatients was completed and named Strathcona Ward because of\nthe generous donation of $5,000.00 from Lord Strathcona,\nwho was then at the apogee of his spectacular career in Canada.\nThis addition provided eleven private rooms with accessory\nservice rooms and a sunroom. It functions today as the Children's Ward and because of its exceptionally sound construction\nis expected to serve for many years to come. Its total cost was\n$12,812.10.\nThe rooms were furnished by:\nColfax Lodge No. 1 of Rebekah I.O.O.F.\nThe Daughters of Pity.\nKing's Daughters of Vancouver Island.\nOrganized Labour in Victoria.\nWomen's Auxiliary.\nMrs. J. A. Douglas.\nMrs. A. Dunsmuir.\nMrs. R. Dunsmuir.\nMrs. H. Dallas Helmcken.\nAlexis Martin.\nCol. the Hon. J. Lepoer Trench.\nThe next item of construction mentioned in the records\nis that of a \"Sanitary Pig Sty\" in 1905\u2014an expenditure of\n$200.00 easily justified when in 1902 the \"Piggery\" had\ncleared $495.10.\nIn 1906, the first Children's Ward was built to accommodate twelve patients with the usual service rooms. The contract price was $5,900.00, with heating a separate contract at\n$1,000.00. As usual the Ladies' Auxiliary had $5,150.14 on\nhand to help finance this long-wanted addition. However, this\nnew ward was not to be opened until 1908, as more nurses\nwere required to staff it and there was no accommodation for\nthem. Already a house near the hospital had been rented to\ntide over this emergency until a Nurses' Home could be built.\n23\n -\nPlans for this Home (now occupied by Clinic and Lecture\nRooms, Executive Offices and Staff Rooms) were drawn up,\ncalling for 30 bedrooms, six bathrooms, one large sitting-room,\none sitting-room for the Head Nurse, one study room, one small\nreception room, one trunk room and a small kitchen. The\ncontract was awarded to Messrs. Parfitt Brothers for $18,750.58\nand an addition added in 1912 cost $15,539.70. It was\nformally opened on January 5th, 1909, by the then Premier\nof the Province, Sir Richard McBride. In the same year one\nof the distinctive features of the Jubilee was added\u2014the Pemberton Chapel\u2014donated by Mrs. J. D. Pemberton and opened\non December 29th. This Chapel is non-denominational and\nregular services are held by various clergymen. Many of the\ngraduates in Nursing of the Jubilee have been married here.\nIn 1910, special accommodation was provided for the\ncare of patients suffering from Tuberculosis. This was enlarged\nfrom time to time as the need developed and in 1928, Mr.\nWilliam Spencer provided excellent additional space for the\noutdoor clinic. In 1935, the care of Tuberculosis was assumed\nby the Provincial Government and the space previously occupied was adapted to other hospital services. The Spencer Clinic\nwas later occupied by a Branch of the Provincial Health Service.\nOn June 1st, 1899, the first X-ray equipment was presented to the hospital. This unit was built locally by Mr.\nRobert Hutchison and is further mentioned in Chapter 7, and has\nbeen described by Mr. Frank H. Kelley in one of his delightful\narticles on the Victoria of by-gone days. This was replaced in\n1909 with new equipment purchased in England through the\ngenerosity of the late Mr. Charles F. Todd. Further replacements were made in 1919 and a full-time Radiologist was\nappointed in 1919. A further generous donation from Mr.\nTodd in 1938, came at a most opportune time, as several far\nreaching improvements in radiological equipment, for both\ndiagnosis and treatment were now available. As equipped and\nenlarged the department at last ranked among the best in\nCanada. It was named \"The Louisa Todd Memorial\" in\nmemory of Mrs. Todd. The dedication service was conducted\nby Venerable A. E. deL Nunns, M.A., Archdeacon of Victoria.\nIn the initial construction of the hospital it is stated that\nprovision was made for a laboratory on the third floor of the\n24\n  Provincial Royal Jubilee Hospital with Strathcona Addition, 1904.\nInterior Surgical Ward (Male) \u2014 Approximately 1910.\n Original Residence for Nurses, 1909 -1930.\nPresent Residence for Nurses, Opened  1930.\n  Central Block. In 1925, new accommodation for this most\nessential service was provided in the new East Wing and\nin 1951 the present Laboratory designed on basic plans drawn\nby the present Pathologist was built through the generosity of\nthe late J. Keith Wilson. More complete details are given of\nthe development of these special departments in their respective\nchapters.\nThe story of the development of a Maternity division in\nthe Jubilee is an interesting one. As early as 1898 Dr. J. S.\nHelmcken was advocating the opening of a maternity unit as a\nnecessary part of a general hospital and to provide practical\ntraining in this subject for the Training School. The following year an anonymous donation to the maternity fund (sent\nin under the name \"Bachelor\") was received and what became\nknown in records as the \"Bachelor Fund\" received a further\ndonation of $25.00 in 1907. The records would suggest that\nthis came from the same source as the original. In 1900, an\ninfluential group of women joined Dr. Helmcken in advocating\ndefinite action. In 1903, Lord Strathcona, who had already\ngiven $5,000.00 to the hospital for new construction, agreed\nthat this money should be used for maternity purposes but for\nvarious reasons the Directors felt that the time was not yet\nopportune and as had happened eight years earlier with the\nPemberton donation, this money was used for other construction. By 1909 there was interest in governmental circles in\nthe project and we find that the Hon. Dr. H. E. Young, Provincial Secretary, promised that a sum of $5,000.00 would be\nplaced in the estimates for the following year. Apparently\nnothing further happened until 1913 when the Women's\nAuxiliary gave $4,000.00 to the fund and the Victoria Branch\nof the Council of Women lent their support. By 1915 the first\nGreat War was well started and Victoria was filled with enlisted\nmen and their families so that the need for a maternity must\nhave been great and once again the Women's Auxiliary stepped\ninto the breach and offered to convert a convalescent ward for\nmaternity purposes and defray all the costs. On May 26th,\n19fr6, this ward was ready and the first birth was recorded the\nfollowing morning. The Jubilee had a maternity at last. In\n1920, the demand was so great that three additional beds were\ncrowded into this area, which today is part of general stores.\nThis served until   1925  when the East Wing was opened\n25\n with the fourth floor and 32 beds as a maternity unit. This was\nto serve for twenty-one years. In 1946, the new Maternity with\n90 beds was opened by the Deputy Minister of Health of the\nProvincial Government, Dr. P. N. Walker. Completed at a\ncost of $380,000.00, this is a modern, fully equipped and\nstaffed maternity unit. Again we find the Senior Women's\nAuxiliary active with a donation of $8,500.00 for furnishings.\nIn 1916, the employees of the Civil Service collected a\nfund of $1,612.85, which was originally intended to purchase\na gift of gold plate to present to Sir Richard McBride, then at\nthe pinnacle of his career. When the Premier learned of this\nhe requested that this money be given to the Jubilee to furnish\na ward in the proposed new wing. However, when this was\npostponed on account of the war, with his approval it was\nused to renovate and re-furnish the Men's Surgical Ward in the\noriginal building and this was known as the Sir Richard\nMcBride Ward. This was later converted to an isolation ward\nfor contagious diseases.\nIn 1920 the former Men's Medical Ward was refurnished\nin memory of Private C. H. Fleming, whose mother had been\nvery active in the Red Cross. The old name was dropped and\nthis became \"The Fleming Ward.\" It is today the rehabilitation centre.\nIn 1913, the need for further general accommodation was\nrecognized and a hospital expert from San Francisco, Miss\nMcCalmant, was consulted. The Directors felt that she gave\nvery valuable advice and John Atchison of Winnipeg was\nselected as Architect. The Women's Auxiliary put on a drive\nfor funds and collected $110,000.00 The Directors' campaign for funds raised another $100,563.00. The City of\nVictoria then passed a By-law to give the hospital $225,000.00\nand the Provincial Government contributed $150,000.00.\nOak Bay Municipality gave $10,000. It seemed that the new\nwing was assured. However, storm clouds were already beginning to form over Europe and what the diplomats call\n\"incidents\" were already occurring and with the outbreak\nof hostilities in 1914 all building on such a major scale Was\npostponed. The plans had called for a fully equipped hospital\nof 400 beds, of which 220 in all were the immediate consideration with accommodation for the long-planned-for maternity\nand space for laboratory and pharmacy.    In 1919, when these\n26\n plans were re-opened, the Kinsmen and Kiwanis clubs gave\nvaluable support, as they adopted this hospital extension as\none of their objectives.\nIn 1925 this unit was finally completed. This five storey\nbuilding cost approximately $500,000.00 and added a total of\n175 beds, including 34 private wards, and a maternity section\nof 32 beds. Included also was an operating room suite of six\noperating rooms with 12 service, lecture and utility rooms\ndonated by the Dunsmuir family in memory of the Hon. Robert\nDunsmuir, President of the Council in the A. E. B. Davie\nAdministration (1887-1889) and as already stated, one of the\noriginal directors of the hospital. Accommodation was also\nprovided for the Pharmacy, Clinical Laboratory and Admitting\nOffices. At a public ceremony the building was dedicated by\nthe Right Reverend Charles De Veber Schofield, Bishop of the\ndiocese of British Columbia.\nThis increase in size of the hospital with increased nursing\nstaff called for a new Nurses' Home. This was undertaken in\n1929 and opened on February 14th, 1930, by Mrs. S. F.\nTolmie, her husband, the Premier, being unable to be present.\nThe total cost was $176,825.70, and accommodates 209 nurses\nin 57 single rooms and 76 double rooms. The classrooms and\nlaboratories comprise two lecture rooms each seating 55, one\nscience laboratory, one dietetic laboratory, one demonstration\nand practice room, one conference room seating 20 around tables\nand a reference library seating 25 - 30. Recreation rooms have\nnot been overlooked. The main reception room is of generous\nproportions (67'x3T) and serves various functions such as\ngraduation receptions, the capping service, student dances and\namateur plays and concerts. On each floor is a small sitting-\nroom for reading and small gatherings. In the annex there is\nprovision for table tennis and TV. In addition there is a\nhobby room, which is understandably popular, and a small\nfiction library. The whole building was planned with vision\nand courage\u2014fortunately it was completed before the worst\nof the depression years came to Victoria.\nNaturally during the great depression of the thirties no\nmajor construction was undertaken, although the depression\nitself brought need for increased accommodation and made that\nneed much more apparent. As further accommodation was\nurgently needed, 40 beds were set up in the former Nurses'\n27\n Home (erected in 1909) and in 1937 this was changed to an\nactive treatment unit, but this change was never thought of as\nother than emergency accommodation.\nHowever, by 1940 the Directors approved of the construction of the Central Block at a cost of $116,168.50. This\nunit was opened on November 27th, 1941, by the Honourable\nE. W. Hamber, the then Lieutenant-Governor of the Province.\nThe dedication was performed by the Right Reverend Harold\nE. Sexton, now Archbishop of Columbia. His dedication\nprayer was as follows:\n\"O God our Father, we give Thee hearty thanks that Thou\nhast enabled the Directors of this Hospital to erect new buildings\nfor the relief of the suffering of our fellow-men, and we dedicate\nthem to the glory of Thy Name, praying that Thy blessing may\never abide upon this place. Receive our prayers, and the prayers\nof all Thy servants who, entering these walls, shall call to Thee for\nhelp. Prosper all the works of tenderness and skill that shall be\ndone in Thy spirit, and bless this Hospital to the assuaging of\npain, and the solace of helplessness and weariness, through Jesus\nChrist our Lord.\"     Amen.\n\"Bestow Thy Benediction, we beseech Thee O Lord on our\nundertaking this day. Direct us in this and in all our doings\nwith Thy most gracious favour, and further us with Thy continual help, that being ever mindful of the needs of our fellow-men,\nwe may be enabled by our deeds and gifts to alleviate and heal\nsickness and suffering, and to forward Thy purpose of love, for\nthe sake of Him Who gave Himself in the service of men, even\nJesus Christ our Saviour.\"    Amen.\n\"In the Faith of Jesus Christ, we dedicate these Buildings. May\npeace, lowliness, kindness, gentleness, and brotherly love ever abide\nherein. In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.\"\nAmen.\n\"The Peace of God and His Blessing rest upon this place, and\nupon all who dwell within its walls. May God Almighty bless\nand prosper all who serve in the Ministry of Healing, and all our\ngood works done in His Name. May He give us light to guide us.\ncourage to support us, and love to unite us, now and always.\"\nAmen.\nThis four storey building added 59 beds (ward and semi-\nprivate) , with business offices on the first floor. As noted above,\nthe new maternity was opened in 1946.\nUnder the regulations of the Hospital Insurance Service\nonly one hospital in the Province (the Vancouver General)\nmaintains a fully developed outdoor department.    However,\n28\n the Jubilee has developed, within the scope allowed, a well-\nstaffed and efficiently managed Emergency.\nIn 1949 the Employees' Association was granted full\nbargaining rights. This important development is more fully\ndiscussed in Chapter 9 on Maintenance and the opening of the\nnew J. Keith Wilson Laboratory Building in 1952 is included\nin Chapter 8 on the Clinical Laboratory.\nThe year 1954 was marked by a vitally significant advance\nin that an addition containing eight more beds was made to the\nPsychiatric Unit, built in 1946, and an Electroencephalograph\ninstalled with the establishment of a Sub-Department of Neurosurgery and a Sub-Department of Neurology under the Department of Medicine. In other words, this was a recognition by\nthe hospital management of the great advances which have\nmarked recent years in the field of Neurology.\nIt is well within the memory of those still active in medical\npractice that the general reaction to mental diseases was almost\nthe same as in the days of Shakespeare\u2014a desperately hopeless\noutlook.\nDoctor: Not so sick my lord,\nAs she is troubled with thick-coming fancies\nThat keep her from her rest.\nMacbeth:\nCure her of that:\nCanst thou not minister to a mind diseas'd\nPluck from the memory a rooted sorrow\nRaze out the written troubles of the brain,\nAnd with some sweet oblivious antidote\nCleanse the stuff'd bosom of that perilous stuff\nWhich weighs upon the heart?\nDoctor:  Therein the patient must minister to himself.\nWM.   SHAPESPEARE    (1564-1616)\nMacbeth Act 5, Sec. 3, Line 37.\nToday while psychiatry and neurology have by no means\nfound final solutions of these many problems much has been\naccomplished and the medical approach to those still unsolved\nconditions is that a solution will yet be found. A further addition to this psychiatric unit was completed in 1956, bringing\nthe bed capacity to 24. This year also saw the new Central\nSupply Room in operation and the start of the *'Poison Centre.\"\n The latter is more fully described in Chapter 6, dealing with the\nMedical Staff.\nThis brings us to the end of the first century of life and\nservice of the Jubilee. In the history and tradition of the past\nthe present organization finds pride and inspiration for the\nfuture.\n\"Our deeds still travel with us from afar\nAnd what we have been makes us what we are.\"\nGEORGE ELIOT  (1819-1880)  Middlemarch Ch.\nLxx-head lines.\n30\n CHAPTER IV\nThe Board of Directors and Management\n\"Be there a will and wisdom finds a way.\"\n\"The Birth of Flattery\"\nGEORGE CRABBE  (1754-1832)\nFor all practical purposes the General Committee elected\nin 1887 to supervise the construction of the original buildings\nof the present Royal Jubilee Hospital became the first Board of\nDirectors of the new Institution. To be a member of that\nBoard was a high honour and the citizens of Victoria have\nnever allowed the position to lose its prestige or its duties to be\nlightly undertaken. As a result, although the position carries\nno salary or emoluments of any kind, a study of the membership over the years shows the personnel to have been drawn\nfrom outstanding representatives of commercial and professional\nlife and the record of achievement has shown the Board to have\nbeen over the years one characterized by a high sense of responsibility as trustees of the city's general hospital and so\nguardians of the community health.\nThe Royal Jubilee Hospital which absorbed the Royal\nHospital of Victoria founded in 1858 operates under a special\nProvincial Government Act and is controlled by a Board of\nDirectors. This Board in 1956 consisted of Representatives\nappointed annually by the Provincial Government\u2014Mr. J. C.\nHaddock and Mr. Ian M. Home; by the City of Victoria\u2014\nMr. F. G. Mulliner and Mr. Lloyd G. McKenzie; by the\nMunicipality of Saanich\u2014Reeve Arthur A. Ash; by the\nMunicipality of Oak Bay\u2014Mr. P. A. Moir; by the Municipality of Esquimalt\u2014Reeve A. C. Wurtele; and Dr. L. L. Ptak\nby virtue of his position as Chief of the Medical Staff. Four\nmembers are elected annually by the subscribers\u2014Mrs. W. G.\nThorpe, Mr. J. L. Hobbs, Mr. J. C. Thow and Mr. G. H.\nStevens.    Mr. F. G. Mulliner is the President, Reeve A. C.\n31\n Wurtele is Vice-President, and Mr. J. C Thow is Honorary\nTreasurer. The Administrator of the Hospital, Mr. George\nMasters, is the Secretary.\nThe revenue of the hospital in 1956 was derived as\nfollows:\nB.C. Hospital Insurance Service  76.2%\nSelf-Pay Patients    14    %\nOutpatients and Miscellaneous Sources      9.8%\nThe total income for 1956 was $2,596,351.88 and total\noperating expenditure was $2,678,141.55, leaving an operating\ndeficit for the year of $81,789.67. A graphic illustration of\nthese figures copied from the Annual Report is included.\nOperating the Jubilee Hospital with a deficit each year\nis no new experience for the Directors, but then it is no new\nexperience for any general hospital in Canada. So true has this\nbeen over the years that before the days of hospital insurance\nlegislation there was an aphorism to the effect that \"a general\nhospital not showing a deficit was failing to give adequate\nhospital care to its community.\" The British Columbia\nHospital Insurance Service was started in 1949 and while it\ndid not introduce the affliction of deficits it has not yet succeeded in eliminating them. However, in dealing with a\nrecurring evil of so many years duration, to expect that a complete solution could occur in a matter of seven years is perhaps\none more example of the triumph of hope over experience. The\nfollowing extract is from the report of the President in 1949;\n\"It appears much educational work is necessary for the general\npublic to realize any insurance plan, government sponsored or\nnot, can only be successful if expenses are kept within available\nrevenue.\" In the report of the Medical Superintendent we\nread; \"I must point out that the successful operation of the\nHospital Insurance Plan depends on the complete co-operation\nof doctor, patient, and hospital in limiting stay, so that services\nmay be readily available to all who require admission.\"\nSome at least of the present day problems faced the\nDirectors of 1895, as we find considerable attention given to that\nperennial question of the per diem rate. This rate was $1.55\nfor pay patients and $1.33 y2 for ward cases\u2014an average of\n$1.47. Some guardian of the public purse had found at least\none Eastern hospital where the per diem cost was but 91c.\n32\n Pavilion for Tuberculosis.\nChildren's Ward.\n Psychiatric Block, 1956.\nJ. Keith Wilson Memorial Laboratory.\n ^rrow  Ulour ^rroApltai ^Dollar  id C+arned , . .\nSelf Pay Inpatients 14.00\nOutpatients and O Qg*\nMiscellaneous Sources       *    ^*\n.C.H.I.S. 76.2c?\nJ^row l\/Jour ^hrodpitai oDoiiar id ^penl\nDrugs and Medical JL O^i\nSupplies mmmmmCmm\nPurchased Services  4.5C\u00bb\nand Sundries       \u25a0 \u25a0\nOther Supplies\n1.7c!\n5.2*\n East Wing, 1925.\nk\nEast Wing (left).   Annex (right).\n This resulted in a careful study of the costs at the Jubilee and\nthe following breakdown of that $1.47 was reported:\nSalaries  53    cents\nDrugs and Dressings 1414   \"\nFood  28V\u00a3   \"    (including staff and patients)\nThe  further  breakdown  analysis  of  food  showed  the\nfollowing:\nGroceries   9 x\/z cents\nBread     \\XA\nMeat   SlA\nMilk  --.. 5\nPoultry, Game and Fish 1\nVegetables and Fruit  3\nA superficial and hasty survey of the hospital problem in\nBritish Columbia today might suggest that the workings of the\nlegislation under which the Hospital Insurance Service operates\nleaves little scope for initiative and leadership on the part of the\nDirectors of the hospitals of the Province. Such a conclusion\nwould be grossly in error. Guidance and direction such as one\nBoard of Directors after another throughout the years has given\nto the Royal Jubilee can never be surrendered, without great loss\nto an absentee bureaucratic group however competent in their\nown field. Such a governmental committee can and should\nplay the part of the comptroller of a large company, but broad\nlines of policy for the individual institution are of necessity\nmapped out by the Directors on the advice of their permanent\nexecutive personnel. Hospitals have personality and their own\ntraditions direct their development to a considerable extent. It\nwould be an unhappy day for the Royal Jubilee should it ever\nforget that through its absorption of the Royal Hospital it was\nthe first hospital in British Columbia. That tradition includes\nseveral other firsts\u2014the first Training School of Nurses, the\nfirst hospital in the Province to install modern deep therapy\nequipment and adequate radium for the modern treatment of\ncancer, the first in British Columbia and probably the first in\nCanada to establish a radiographic study of the chest on all\nambulatory patients admitted and the first to establish a\n\"poison centre\" in the province. As noted elsewhere it is\nprobable that the Jubilee established the first Hospital Sunday\nin Canada, if not on the Continent. In 1898 the Agenorian\nSociety built two rooms at the back of the recently opened\nPemberton Operating Room to be used as \"recovery rooms.*'\nThese rooms were later used for other purposes, but this was\n33\n probably the earliest use of a \"recovery room\" in connection\nwith surgery in Canada. This work was revived in the Royal\nJubilee on June 17, 1949. Since that date all operative cases\n(excepting only those which have been done under local\nanaesthesia) go routinely to the recovery room for supervision\nand treatment until consciousness returns, when they are returned to the surgical floors. Between June, 1949, and\nDecember, 1956, 24,573 cases have been cared for in this\nmanner.\nSince the building of the Queen Alexandra Solarium for\nChildren at Cobble Hill, the Directors of the Jubilee have\nassisted that project in every possible way and as several of the\nhospital Directors serve the Solarium in a like capacity, development of the two institutions has been happily correlated.\nIn like manner the Jubilee has identified itself with the\nmodern care of Tuberculosis from the early days of the Anti-\nTuberculosis Society through varying degrees of assistance by\nthe Provincial Government until full governmental support\nand control was developed with Dr. Frederick Kincaid in charge\nof the Jubilee unit in 1935. On his retirement, Dr. Aubrey\nJones headed up this department until his untimely death in\n1945. He was succeeded by Dr. R. O. R. Garner and he in\nturn by Dr. R. M. Lane.\nThe hospital gave similar support to the establishment of\nthe Department of Venereal Diseases Control under the Provincial Health Department in 1937 under Dr. Allan Fraser,\nand today with Dr. R. M. Lane as head.\nIn 1954, the B.C. Forest Products presented the hospital\nwith a flagpole on a brick base as shown in the accompanying\nillustration\u2014a useful gift and very gratefully accepted. It\nrecalls mention in the records of the early nineties of \"The\nMemorial Gate\" which as far as the student of today can\ndetermine was never a memorial. On July 14, 1890, the\nfollowing minute appears in the record of the meeting of the\nBoard of Directors:\n\"Moved by Mr. C Hay ward and seconded by Mr. J. Davies\nand carried that the main entrance gates to the hospital grounds\nbe placed at the Southwest corner of the property and that the\ncorner fence be renewed to suit and that the design be acceptable to\nMessrs. Smith and Hay ward.\"\nThe gates were built, probably a private donation from\nJames P.   Fell,  but  the road  was  never built.    They were\n34\n unused and were torn down some years later when they had\nfallen into disrepair.\nFrom the historical point of view there was a definite loss\nto the Royal Jubilee when the word \"Provincial\" was dropped\nfrom the title in 1938. This was done as there seemed to be some\nconfusion in the public mind as to the significance of the word\nin the title and some thought that it signified a governmental\nhospital where treatment was free. Of course with the advent\nof the British Columbia Hospital Insurance Service there is no\nlonger any reason for such an inference and it is to be hoped\nthat the original title of the institution will be revived at an\nearly date.\nOn May 31, 1890, at the last meeting of the General\nCommittee in charge of the original construction of the Jubilee,\nthere is a minute to the effect that steps should be taken to\nsecure authorization to fly the Royal Standard on the hospital\nin view of the fact that Mr. Welch of Liverpool, the founder\nof Rithet Consolidated Ltd., had donated the flag. This is still\nto be classed as \"unfinished business.\" Perhaps it can be completed in the Centennial Year of 1958, especially as the original\nbuilding was opened by H.R.H. the Duke of Connaught\nin 1890.\nIf the Directors of past years could have foreseen the\npresent grounds with the original building still functioning and\nsurrounded by the new additions\u2014the Strathcona Ward, the\nEast and Central Blocks, the new Maternity Building and\nNurses' Home, as well as the fine Veterans' Hospital built on\nseven acres of land donated by the Royal Jubilee in 1944, they\nwould feel that their efforts had been well rewarded. Furthermore,\ncould they look over the present plans for a further new wing\nto provide new executive offices, X-ray Department, Library\nand accommodation for the Victoria Cancer Clinic, as well as an\nadditional 100 beds, they would feel that the future of the\nJubilee was in competent hands today. Under existing legislation new hospital construction is financed by contributions by\nthe Federal Government, the Provincial Government and the\nindividual hospital. The only sources of revenue available to\nthe general hospital to meet its share of the cost of new construction are fees from patients\u2014a portion of the fees from\nprivate wards over and above the Hospital Insurance daily\nallowance and an allowance of ten cents per patient day.   These\n35\n would be quite insufficient to meet today's costs. It follows\nthen that much dependence must be placed on donations and\nbequests both large and small. In this respect the citizens of\nVictoria have been generous to the Royal Jubilee and the new\nconstruction now planned is made possible by these donations\nsuch as the recent one from the estate of the late David Doig.\nWhen we recall that St. Bartholomew's Hospital in London was\nfounded by Rehere, a courtier though a cleric, in 1123, we\nrealize that there is an aura of immortality about a great hospital.\nThe Royal Jubilee Hospital of Victoria is about to enter its\nsecond century.\nWith the advent of the Hospital Insurance Service in 1949\na change was made in hospital management and Mr. George E.\nMasters was appointed Administrator and Secretary to the\nBoard of Directors of the Royal Jubilee in 1950.\nA list of the members of the Board of Directors for past\nyears is included (Appendix I), as well as a list of staff members\nwho have earned Long Service Awards by the Board of Directors, and a list of those employees who had served 15 to 25 years\nor more but had retired before the institution of the Long\nService Medals.\n36\n CHAPTER V\nNursing Staff and School\nO Woman \u2014 in our hours of ease\nUncertain, coy and hard to please\nAnd variable as the shade\nBy the light quivering aspen made:\nWhen pain and anguish wring the brow,\nA ministering angel thou.\nMatmion\u2014Canto VI Stanza 30, SIR WALTER SCOTT\n(1771-1832)\nIn the 1956 Annual Report of the hospital, the Nursing\nsection begins an unusually interesting report as follows:\n\"The high level of activities within all departments of our\nhospital, the changing practices in medical care, an expanding\nconcept of what constitutes 'good nursing* and an increased\nawareness of our educational responsibilities, not only to student\nnurses, but also to our graduate nurses and our auxiliary personnel, all have made this a busy and stimulating year.\n\"The completion of the Central Supply Room and its\ndeveloping operation has relieved the individual nursing areas\nof many routine and time-consuming tasks, but has also necessitated much co-operative planning between all areas in order to\nmaintain an adequate supply of materials at the time the\nchanges were being made, and to establish standardized procedures acceptable to all areas. The Supply Room has been a\nvery tangible evidence of the team work of not only the Nursing\nService and the School of Nursing, but of the Pharmacy, Maintenance, Purchasing and other departments in our organization.\n\"Nursing has welcomed also the completion of the dining-\nroom, not only as a pleasant place for employees to eat, but as a\nreal asset to patients and their visitors. We accept this and the\nextended visiting hours, as in harmony with the creation of an\natmosphere in which the patient feels that he is of primary\n37\n concern in the provision of facilities and the establishment of\npolicies.\"\nContrast this with the Annual Report of 1893, in which\nthere is a reference in the President's report to the new Training\nSchool for Nurses.\n\"The Training School for Nurses is in active operation\nand is fully dealt with by Dr. Richardson in his appended\nreport.\"\nThe full report is as follows:\n\"The Training School for Nurses is in a flourishing condition. During the past year three nurses have graduated, and the\neagerness with which their professional services are sought and\nretained is evidence of their ability.\"\nThe first graduation was in 1892 and occasioned the\nfollowing interesting note in the records:\n\"On December 30th Nurses J. Grady, H. E. Graves and\nB. L. Routledge graduated and received their diplomas. The\nformer received 90j^%, winning the gold medal and, considering the high standing of Nurses Graves and Routledge the\nDirectors presented them with silver medals, similar in design\nto the gold one.\"\nThe hospital was still lighted with coal oil and as late as\n1894. Dr. Hasell, the then Resident Medical Officer, in asking\nfor extra nurses reported in 1897:\n\"Frequently the Matron and Head Nurse have sat up all\nnight because there were no nurses available to put in charge\nof special cases.\"\nAt this time the salary of the Matron was $50.00 per\nmonth and the cost per patient day was $1.29. In 1956 it\nwas $15.80.\nIn 1912 the Nursing Staff consisted of the Matron still\nemployed at $50.00 per month, a Head Nurse and a Night\nSupervisor at $30.00 per month each and in this same year we\nfind two male nurses employed but no salary is mentioned.\nThe first male nurse was employed in 1900 at $25.00 per\nmonth, so presumably there had been no significant change.\nSuch contrasts are inherent throughout the economic\nhistory of the period and certainly no one would wish to see\nany return to the early years under consideration. The profession of Nursing, as mentioned elsewhere in this study, started\nas a long overdue crusade and the spirit of that beginning still\n38\n animates the whole organization. The able women who\nworked so hard, such long hours and with such devotion must\nlook back with a real sense of achievement as they appraise the\nstanding of their profession today. Even the prophetic forecast made by Florence Nightingale in her \"Notes on Nursing,\"\nwritten in 1859, have been far surpassed.    She wrote:\n\"The word 'Nursing' has been limited to signify little\nmore than the administration of medicines and the application\nof poultices. It ought to signify the proper use of fresh air,\nlight, warmth, cleanliness, quiet and the proper choosing and\ngiving of diet, all at the least expense of vital power to the\npatient.\" She stressed the need for nursing the well\u2014\"domestic\nhygiene,\" \"psychic aspects of the sick,\" . . . flowers, colours,\nvariety, windows, change of posture, obstetrical care, infant\nwelfare, social service.\nIn 1898 the Directors of the Jubilee approved a vote of\n$100.00 for additional expenses for Miss MacMillan, the then\nMatron, to attend \"an Educational Exhibition of the American\nNurses' Association to be held shortly in New York, conditional\nupon free transportation being furnished by the C.P.R.\" and\nthe directors knew what they were doing, as the Railway and\nNavigation Company supplied the needed transportation. As\nlate as 1921 ten more nurses were requisitioned to comply with\nthe eight-hour day and \"three extra maids to relieve the nurses\nof some work as nurses were washing bandages which, if sent\nto the laundry, were not returned.\"\nIt was somewhat earlier than this that a minute appears\nin the minutes of the Directors' meetings to the effect that a\nnotice be placed on the fire escape of the Nurses' Home as\nfollows:\n\"This fire escape to be used for emergency only and all\npersons are warned against using it at any other time.\" There\nis no mention of just why this notice was necessary, but looking\nback from the vantage point of time it would seem that some\none had found the said fire escape useful in some \"emergency\"\nother than that in the minds of the Directors.\nAnother type of \"emergency\" was reported to the Directors.\n39\n SUPERVISOR'S REPORT\nPeter and Paul, identical twins, were admitted August 6th\nat 7:20 p.m. and immediately put into beds that were named,\nbut, as we found out the next afternoon they changed beds\nduring the night.\nIn the morning, August 7th, 1944, Peter was in Paul's\nbed and was sent to the Operating Room as Paul and had his\ntonsils and adenoids removed.\nPeter, who was in Paul's bed, went to the Operating\nRoom as Paul, but because of coryza and slight temperature,\nwas returned without having a tonsillectomy and adenoid-\nectomy.\nIn the afternoon the mother visited and said the boy with\nthe coryza was Peter and Paul was the boy who had had the\noperation.    The bed tags were changed immediately.\nYesterday, August 8th, they were out of bed without permission and tore the tie-downs when restrained.\nLast night, August 8th, after 7:00 p.m., Peter was checked\nby Dr. J., the usual pre-operative procedure, white patches were\nnoted on his tonsils so he was evidently in the correct bed.\nTodav, August 9 th at noon, before sending Peter to the\nOperating Room, we tried to examine his throat, as a check to\nmake certain we had the right child, but he was unco-operative,\nso we were not successful. When asked their names they did\nnot answer.\nAt lunch, Peter, whom we thought was Paul, had been\ngiven some jelly\u2014a little later we found that he had given it\nto his brother. This was reported to the Operating Room as\nwell as the fact that we had had trouble telling them apart.\nWhen the child was under anaesthetic August 9th in the Operating Room it was discovered that he had had his tonsils removed.\nso his name was not Peter but Paul. Evidently they had\nchanged their beds during the night.\nPaul had been discharged August 8th, but at the request\nof his mother and since we had the cot to spare, he was left in\nmainly because she wished the twins to have company.\nIn future twins must be admitted to private rooms.\nSigned \"L.F.\"\nSupervisor of Children*s Floor.\n40\n    Present Operating Room Number One.\n The reference library and study rooms of today had their\norigin in 1910, when the Directors approved of an expenditure\nof $37.50 for three years' subscriptions to magazines for the\nnurses. About the period of the First Great War, Sir Henry\nMay, the Governor of Hong Kong, seems to have been quite\ninterested in the Royal Jubilee. He presented the oil portrait\nof Dr. E. S. Hasell, now in possession of the hospital, and in\n1918 gave $250.00 to form a nucleus for a reference library\nfor the Training School. In the same year the first definite\n\"teacher for nurses\" was added to the staff. In 1923 the term\n\"Matron\" was changed to \"Director of Nursing\" and in 1925\nthe Training School was approved by the Regents of the University of Albany, N.Y., which permitted the graduates from\nthe hospital to practice in the United States. This arrangement\nwas cancelled in 1927 and has, of course, beeen superseded\nby the qualifying examination of the Registered Nurses' Association of British Columbia, which is recognized in. most of the\nNATO countries today.\nIn an attempt to assist the smaller hospitals on Vancouver\nIsland the Directors of the Jubilee in 1928 approved of accepting four nurses from Up-Island hospitals each year to complete\ntheir training. In 1930, when the King's Daughters' Hospital\nin Duncan gave up its training school this arrangement enabled\nsix nurses from that hospital to complete their training in the\nJubilee and graduate as fully qualified pupils of the school.\nThe fact that smaller hospitals have found it inexpedient to\ncontinue training of nurses, although the records show that such\nschools all over Canada have graduated some of our best and\nmost successful nurses, brings up the question of the cost to the\nhospital of training a nurse\u2014an aspect of the nursing problem\nnot generally fully appreciated. In 1946 the total cost of\ntraining each nurse in the Royal Jubilee through to graduation\nwas $2,600.00. Yet as late as August 21st, 1921, we find a\nmemo in the records to the effect that \"a graduate nurse be in\ncharge of the telephone.\" This would seem to indicate either\nthat well qualified telephone operators were not then available\nor that for some reason or other there were unemployed nurses.\nToday the telephone service under Miss Ethel J. Croghan has a\nstaff of nine besides the necessary relief operators.\nIn the Royal Jubilee School of Nursing extra-curricular\nactivities are stressed today, as evidenced by the various pupil\n41\n nurses' organizations, such as the Drama Club and the Glee Club,\nand special training is given in public speaking. Emphasis is\nalso placed on post-graduate education, enabling graduate\nnurses to complete University programs in Nursing. In 1956\nfour members of the staff undertook such post-graduate work\u2014\ntwo at the University of British Columbia, one at Columbia\nUniversity and one at the Manhattan Eye, Ear, Nose and Throat\nHospital, with part time at Columbia.\nSince 1950 the \"block\" system of teaching pupil nurses\nhas been adopted and \"has been found to work satisfactorily.\"\n\"Under this method students attend lectures for one month\nwithout the extra burden of ward duties and then take their\npractical training in the wards.\"\nA comparatively recent addition to the evolving tradition\nof nursing is the so-called \"Capping Ceremony.\" This is, in\nfact, a dedication service for the young pupil nurse. One might\nin a sense use the phraseology of religious orders and describe\nthis ceremony as marking the passage from \"Postulant\" to\n\"Novice.\" At this time the young nurse wins her \"Cap\" and\ncarries a Florence Nightingale lamp at this candlelight semi-\nreligious service. She is presented with a white copy of the\n\"New Testament\" by the Gideon Society and the traditions,\nthe ethics and the opportunities of her chosen profession are\nstressed as factors to be built into her individual life and identified with her own ideals. For the pupil and for her family and\nfriends who are present it is a moving appeal to materialize their\nown ideals in the work-a-day world of daily living. It is\nessentially a development which would have appealed strongly\nto Florence Nightingale herself as it recalls the three-fold\nOrigin of the profession\u2014religion, war and science\u2014to mention\nthese components chronologically.\nIn 1956 the School of Nursing was affiliated with the\nWillow Street (Vancouver) Unit of Tuberculosis Control under\nthe Provincial Health Department, with the Health Department\nof Victoria and Saanich and with the Crease Clinic for Psychological Medicine at Essondale. The latter present day associa^\ntion recalls that in 1928 the nurses had ten hours of lectures\nin Psychology by Mrs. E. C. MacKenzie of London University.\nIn the 1954 Annual Report of the hospital the purpose of\nthe School of Nurses was stated as follows: \"To select young\nwomen with aptitudes for nursing and guide them in a pro-\n42\n gram designed to help the student acquire the knowledge, skills\nand aptitude necessary to give complete nursing care to patients\nof all ages; and to help the student to become a happy, well\nadjusted individual and a good citizen.\" This was quoted\nin the hospital report from the Calendar of the School and a\nsurvey of the work today indicated that these objectives are\nbeing achieved.\nThe present Executive Staff of the school with as complete\na list of the graduates as is obtainable are tabulated. Also the\nnames of the Matrons and the Directors of Nursing of the past\nwith their assistants and the honour roll from the first Great\nWar. It has not been possible to secure an honour roll for the\nsecond Great War.    (See Appendix II.)\nThe present Director of Nursing is Mary L. Richmond,\nB.N., M.A., R.N.\n43\n CHAPTER VI\nThe Medical Staff\nHonour a physician according to thy need of him with\nthe honours due unto him:   for verily the Lord hath created\nhim.    For from the Most High cometh healing; and from the\nking he shall receive a gift.    The skill of a physician shall lift\nup his head: and in the sight of the great he shall be admired.\nThe Lord created medicines out of the earth: and a prudent man\nwill have no disgust at them. . . . And he gave men skill that\nthey might be glorified in his marvellous works.    With them\ndoth he heal a man, and taketh away his pain.   With these will\nthe apothecary make a confection and his works shall not be\nbrought to an end; and from him is peace upon the face of the\nearth.   My son, in thy sickness be not negligent: but pray unto\nthe Lord and he shall heal thee. . . . Then give place to the\nphysician for verily the Lord hath created him: and let him not\ngo from thee for thou hast need of him.   There is a time when\nin their hands is the issue for good.   For they shall also beseech\nthe Lord, that he may prosper them in giving relief and in\nhealing for the maintenance of life.    He that sinneth before\nhis Maker, let him fall into the hands of the physician.'*\n(The Wisdom of Jesus, the Son of Sirach\u2014otherwise\nknown as Ecclesiasticus \u2014 Book III-XIII \u2014 The\nModern Reader's Bible edited by Richard G. Moulton,\nM.A.  (Cantab) Ph.D.  (Penn.).\nWhen the hospital opened on May 20th, 1890, Dr. W. A.\nRichardson was appointed Resident Medical Officer. He had\nliving quarters and maintenance in the institution and a salary\nof $108.00 monthly. He filled this position with distinction\nuntil 1898. He did what laboratory work was done and gave\nall the anaesthetics so that by May 31st, 1892, he had given\n1,000 anaesthetics \"without any accident\" and the attending\nsurgeons in the same period did such major operations for cancer\nas excision of the upper maxilla: amputation of breast; excision\nof rectum; sarcoma of anterior mediastinum and excision of\n44\n tongue. Also mentioned is an aneurysm of the external iliac\nartery treated by abdominal section and ligature of the artery\nwith recovery. One case of \"typhlitis\" was admitted. This\nwas the name under which appendicitis masqueraded at this time.\nIn January, 1893, there is the first note regarding \"specialization\" in medical practice. The record reads \"the Board\nestablished a department for the free treatment of diseases of the\neye. Drs. O. M. Jones and M. S. Wade were unanimously\nappointed Ophthalmic Surgeons to attend free patients on\nThursdays and Fridays of each week.\" Dr. Jones was later to\nbecome known throughout the Pacific Coast for his able and\nsuccessful work as a general surgeon and Dr. Wade was to\nbecome known in later years as an historian of British Columbia\n(his \"MacKenzie of Canada\" is a textbook for students of\nCanadian history) and as editor of the Kamloops Sentinel\nnewspaper, which is the Standard-Sentinel of today. A further\nevidence of the changes occurring in medical practice was the\nappointment in 1895 of Dr. Mckechnie as Pathologist. However, his duties must have been light, as in the Annual Report of\n1896 we find that he had made only two visits to the hospital\nin the capacity of Pathologist. No initials are given but it is\nprobable that this was Dr. R. E. Mckechnie, later to be so well\nknown'and so much beloved in Vancouver.\nIn the same year a special committee was appointed to\nexamine all aspects of hospital management. This committee\nconsisted of Messrs. C. Hayward, J. S. Yates, F. B. Pemberton\nand G. H. Brown, under the chairmanship of H. Dallas\nHelmcken. The following extract is taken from their lengthy\nreport:\n\"Your committee note that the hospital was built according to most approved modern principles, and is a properly,\nscientifically conducted hospital, and has to be kept so. Its\npresent high state of efficiency and surgical reputation is, in a\ngreat measure, due to the skill and attention of Dr. Davie.\nShould the hospital be deprived of the hearty pecuniary support\nof all classes your committee beg to point out with alarm and\nregret the hospital may be compelled to close its doors.\"\nYour committee would state that the following complaints\nare made:\n1. That a free patient sent to the hospital is lost to the\npractitioner.\n45\n The same thing applies when the patient is able to pay\n$10 per week in the ward.\nThat in both cases no invitation is extended to the\npractitioner sending such patient to be present when an\noperation will be performed, nor is he invited to visit\nthe patient.\nThat it is unfair to the profession generally that the\nstaff should be limited:   as 1\u2014It enables the medical\nmen in charge to enjoy an advantage over their fellow\npractitioners; and 2\u2014such a system deprives them of\nhospital practice.\nYour committee are of opinion that the first three heads of\ncomplaint can be answered, that as the professional gentlemen\nin charge are responsible to the Board for the proper treatment\nof that class of cases, and for the wholesome condition of the\nhospital, it is only right and proper that the medical men of the\nhospital should have sole control.    And, secondly, that if the\nmedical gentleman who sends a patient to the hospital should\ndesire to visit the patient, the professional gentleman in charge\nof the particular ward would be only too happy to allow him\nto  accompany him  on his  rounds  or  by permission of the\nResident Medical Officer to see the patient.    If the professional\ngentleman sending the patient would make a request in writing\nto be notified when such a patient is to be dealt with his request\nwould be cheerfully acceded to.\nThe fourth complaint is one to which your committee has\npaid special attention, and has requested each medical man to\npresent such a scheme, as would in his opinion, satisfy the profession and thus popularize themselves, and, as they say, through\nthem, the hospital, as it is contended that in consequence of the\npresent system some of the medical profession will not and do\nnot send their pay patients to the Jubilee Hospital\u2014and this\nthey assert seriously interferes with the revenue. . . .\nYour committee would report that as there exists such a\nserious difference of opinion in the profession itself with reference to a system which would meet with the general approval\nof the patients and commend itself to the profession and to the\nsick in the hospital, your committee believes that it will be\njudicious to place before you the various suggestions to show\nthe difficult nature of the task entrusted to your committee.\nA. Some, without admitting the necessity for change, submit\nthat if an assistant or associate to the surgeon and physician\n46\n were added, that would be all that is necessary, to be elected\nannually.\nB. Others again submit that as no distinction is made in the\nprofession in active practice the visiting staff should consist\nof six medical men, who should hold office for periods of\ntwo months, without keeping the surgical and medical\nprofessions separate, to be elected annually.\nC. Others submit that there should be three physicians and\nthree surgeons (twelve in all) holding office half yearly in\nalternate quarters to be elected annually, keeping the professions separate.\nD. Others again maintained that twelve medical men should\nbe appointed, each one attending the work of the hospital\nfor one month.\nE. Others again:\n1. That the staff consist of:\na. a Consulting Staff.\nb. two senior and two junior surgeons, two senior and\ntwo junior physicians, oculist and aurist.\nc. Resident Medical Officer.\n2. That no appointments be permanent.\n3. That the senior men should be appointed tri-annually;\nand that they be always eligible for re-election.\n4. That the junior men be appointed annually, and that\nthey be eligible for only two successive years.\n5. Oculist and aurist under the same conditions as senior\nmen.\n6. Senior to be consulted on the appointment of juniors.\n7. Posts to be advertised when vacant.\n8. Surgical and medical visits to be paid at fixed hours,\nas far as possible.\n9. Practitioners having pay patients in public ward may\nbe attended by private physician.\n10. Junior men to act as registrars.\n11. Chloroformist.\nF. Another suggestion would be to add a department of\ngynaecology, but to make no other changes in the staff.\nG. Another suggestion was made to add an associate and\nregistrar to each department.\n47\n Pathologist\nThe profession endorse the appointment of a pathologist\nthrough whose services it is confidently expected a pathological\nlaboratory will be created which will be of great value to the\nprofession.\nYour committee is of the opinion that it is in the best\ninterests of the hospital that should any alterations take place\nin the visiting staff it should be in the same direction as has\nhitherto been the rule, and that instead of the hospital being\nthrown open to the whole of the profession for hospital practice\n(with general lack of responsibility) the branches of the profession be kept separate as at present and strongly recommend\nthe following scheme for acceptance, viz.\u2014by the appointment\nforthwith of:\nSurgical.\nOne surgeon, one associate surgeon, one registrar for the\nsurgical department.\nMedical\nOne physician, one associate physician, one registrar for\nmedical department.\nOne oculist and aurist, one pathologist.\nThe present Resident Medical Officer.\nThe consultant staff to consist of senior or experienced\npractitioners not to exceed six in number.\"\nThis excellent report has been quoted rather fully because\nit clearly summarizes the difficulties inherent in establishing\nan organized medical staff in an open hospital. Actually, as\nwill be shown later, many years and much careful thought were\nnecessary before the problem was satisfactorily solved.\nIn 1897 new regulations came into force permitting all\nmedical practitioners to attend their own cases in the public\nward and in the same year we find, for the first time the name\nof a woman on the visiting medical staff\u2014Mary McNeill.\nThe members of this committee who were still living in\n1912 must have wondered just why they had given so much\ntime and thought to this problem when they read the list of\nmembers of the staff of the Royal Provincial Jubilee and found\nthere the name of every man practicing medicine in Victoria\nand at the bottom of the list \"and all doctors of the Province.\"\nThe Jubilee was certainly then as widely \"open\" as any\nextremist could desire. Robert Southwell (1561-1595) was\nindeed correct when he wrote:\n48\n Dr. John S. Helmcken.\n  \"Times go by turns, and chances change by course\nFrom foul to fair, from better hap to worse.**\nIn the autumn of 1912 an interesting ruling was established as follows:\n\"That all indigent city patients admitted (to the\nhospital) be reported to the City Health Officer by the\ndoctor admitting him and any patient not so reported,\nthe cost of such patient be charged to the doctor upon\nwhose order he  was  admitted.\"\nIn 1915 a resolution was adopted to \"employ two internes at $25.00 per month.\" Later in the same year the\nDirectors found it necessary to raise this amount to $100.00 if\nthe hospital was to secure any internes. This was the early\nperiod of the First Great War and a short item records that\nDr. Hasell had resigned \"to accept an important military post.\"\nIn 1916 Dr. O. Coodley was appointed Assistant Resident\nMedical Officer\u2014and Dr. C. W. Duck in 1917\u2014evidently\ntemporary appointments until Dr. Herbert Rogers came to the\nfull post in 1917.\nIn 1918 a most important forward step was taken in\norganization of the staff as we know the term today when a\nrepresentative of The American College of Surgeons visited the\nhospital for the first time in the interests of standardization and\nthe following decision recorded:\n\"A staff of ten practitioners nominated by the\nmedical  society  to  be  appointed  for  one  year  to\nfunction by giving free consultative service to any\npublic ward patient desiring it and to assist the\nhospital authorities in seeing that the work is done.\"\nIn 1920 Dr. Rogers, R.M.O., reported to the Directors\nthat a stenographer was necessary to secure the writing of the\nnecessary histories.    Miss B. Ferguson was appointed to this\npost and today has a staff of eleven competent assistants with\nadequate  equipment  to keep  the  records  of  the patients in\nhospital up to modern standards,  in order to maintain the\napproval of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of\nCanada as well as that of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospitals functioning in both United States and Canada\nwhich recently took over this task of hospital standardization\nfrom the American College of Surgeons.\nDuring this post-war period there were other evidences of\nthe ripening and maturing of modern medical thought and\n49\n practice. In 1930 the Misses Angus of the great multitude of\nfriends of the Provincial Royal Jubilee (there were 700 on the\nlist before the original building was opened) presented a modern\nelectro-cardiograph to the hospital. The interpretation of the\ntracings were made by Dr. D. M. Baillie and later by Dr. P. A. C.\nCousland and this was the beginning of the Sub Department of\nCardiology (under the section of Medicine) as we know it today.\nAs already noted, extensive major surgery for malignancy\nwas undertaken at the Royal Provincial Jubilee Hospital soon\nafter its erection. It is readily understood that when the possibilities of cure and palliation of this much feared disease by\nvarious forms of radiation therapy became known, that friends\nof the institution made certain that modern equipment for this\nmost important work, was provided in 1919. The formation\nof a Tumour Clinic was approved by the Medical Staff in 19 44\nand in 1946 this became the Victoria Cancer Clinic\u2014the first\nbranch of the British Columbia Cancer Clinic of Vancouver.\nInitially the work was limited to diagnosis and in 1951 treatment was officially approved. New accommodation is planned\nwhich will be designed to house a cobalt bomb, already on order.\nThe Cancer Clinic serves all of Victoria and the southern end of\nVancouver Island. Members of the medical Staff of St. Joseph's\nHospital share in the Clinics, consultations and planning.\nGradually as time and experience worked out one problem\nafter another, the organization of the Medical Staff has adjusted\nitself to deal with the ever-changing problems of providing\nmodern hospital care. The Medical Staff is now appointed\nannually by the Board of Directors. For Active Medical Staff\nin 1956 see Appendix VIII. *\nIn 1937 certain gifts were given to the department of\nRadiology by Mr. J. H. Frank of Victoria and other anonymous\ndonors, in memory of Mr. R. J. Jamieson, who was at that\ntime a member of the Board of Directors. Mr. Jamieson had\nbeen especially interested in the Radiological department and\nas he was an expert amateur photographer, he realized the need\nfor clinical photography in the hospital. These donations were\nused to start a photographic section which has grown into the\nefficient valuable unit of today and has supplied many of the\nillustrations in this history. It is now under the direction of\nMr. Daniel Thompson.\nFor some time now the work of the hospital is controlled\nby the staff through its various committees and this plan has\n50\n been found to function satisfactorily from all points of view.\nThe list of Staff Committees is as follows:\nStanding Committees:\nThe Executive Committee.\nRecords Committee.\nCredentials Committee.\nTissue Committee.\nInterne Committee.\nProgramme Committee.\nTherapeutics Committee.\nNurses' Lecture Committee.\nSpecial Committees:\nOperating Room Committee.\nPolio Committee.\nPoison Control Committee.\nCommittee on Sterilization.\nCommittee on Infections.\nIn 1920 the hospital was approved by the American College\nof Surgeons and this facilitated correlation of hospital work in\nVictoria with that of other centres in Canada and the United\nStates. In 1934 in tune with the developments in other\nhospitals, weekly conferences were started to review the more\nimportant phases of the work in the Pathological and Radiological Departments. These have been continued up to the\npresent. In addition weekly conferences in the following subjects are held at regular intervals for the Medical Staff, Internes\nand practitioners of the surrounding district:\nMedicine, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Cancer.\nAlternate weeks there is a Clinical and Pathological Conference\nand a Heart Clinic alternate months.\nIn accordance with the rulings of the British Columbia\nHospital Insurance Service a well-equipped and competently\nstaffed Emergency Department is maintained and with the\nco-operation of the Pharmacy a \"Poison Centre\" was started in\n1956\u2014the first in British Columbia and possibly in Canada.\nSuch centres have been recently established in many cities in the\nUnited States and it has been found that such a service is of\ngreat value to the community as well as to the Medical Profession. It functions in this manner: The \"Centre\" in cooperation with other such units, maintains a record of the\npoisfonous element in most of the commercial products in use\naround the kitchen or garden, in private homes and in industry\n51\n as well as data on industrial hazards from the newer chemicals,\nand can advise the physician in charge or assume active treatment should this be requested. As this information is stated\non the label of only a few such products the value of this service\nwill be readily appreciated. \u2022\nResearch work which has the approval of the University of\nBritish Columbia is being done by certain members of the staff\nunder Federal Grants. In 1951 the Royal College of Physicians\nand Surgeons of Canada approved the hospital for one year's\ntraining in Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, General Surgery,\nObstetrics and Gynaecology and Diagnostic Radiology. In the\nfollowing year approval was also given for training in Radiation\nTherapy. In each instance the year is to be the last year of\nsupervised practice for certification.\nIn 1940 the Plasma Bank was started and in 1946 the\nBlood Bank under the auspices of the Red Cross of Canada and\nnow in the closing months of 1956 plans are well matured to\nopen early in the New Year a well-equipped Rehabilitation\nCentre to aid in the later treatment of those who have suffered\ninjury, poliomyelitis or chronic muscular and nervous diseases.\nThis is a development from the section of Physiotherapy which\nwas first opened in 1930, and has grown into the Department\nof Physical Medicine under the direction of Mrs. Kathleen M.\nThomson, M.C.P.A. During the coming year it is planned to\ndevelop the present ward for alcoholics into a treatment unit\nalong the lines of an experiment now being conducted in the\nVancouver General Hospital, where the treatment of alcoholics\nis being placed under a team of Psychiatrists and Social Service\nWorkers.\nReviewing the story of the Royal Jubilee, both yesterday\nand today, must give us enthusiasm, hope and courage for the\nfuture. Starting as a two-bed charity hospital the Royal Jubilee\nhas in its first hundred years, become one of the important\nforward-looking hospitals of Canada. It is zealously fulfilling\nits original purpose\u2014the proper care of the sick of the community whether rich or poor. Furthermore, it has in recent\nyears started to assume its proper role as a centre of health\neducation for the public and for the medical profession. How\nfar this later development will proceed remains the secret of\ntime but it requires no gift of prophecy to state that this\nfunction will grow with benefit to all. The early prophecy in\n1891 by Mr. Joshua Davies, the President of the Board, that\n52\n the Jubilee would be part of a medical teaching faculty has been\npartially fulfilled in that our medical internes are today drawn\nalmost completely from the Medical Faculty of the University\nof British Columbia. A closer association is probable\u2014perhaps\nalong the lines of the affiliation of the Ottawa Civic Hospital\nwith the Medical of Queen's University in Kingston, where\ncertain physicians of Ottawa are on the Medical Teaching\nFaculty of Queen's and undergraduate medical students of\nQueen's act as student internes in the Ottawa hospital.\nAn article in the New York Times of May 12th, 1957,\nby Dr. H. A. Rusk directs public attention to the career opportunities in hospital work for students completing their studies\nin high schools. The great hospital career is of course in nursing but there are many others such as hospital administration,\nhospital accounting, housekeeping and laundry management,\nmedical and psychiatric social work, medical records librarian,\nphysical and occupational therapy, and as technicians in hospital\nlaboratories and radiological departments and in hospital\ndietetics. Increasing opportunities in all these fields can be\nsafely predicted.\nIn the final analysis the hospitals of British Columbia are\non a much more secure financial foundation than at any time\nin the past. The future is indeed bright, where this is combined, as it is, with a Medical Staff that is still guided by the\nspirit of Hippocrates:\n\"Sometimes give your service for nothing, calling to mind a\nprevious benefaction or present satisfaction. And if there is an\nopportunity to serve one who is a stranger, in financial straits,\ngive full assistance to all such. For where there is love of man,\nthere is love of the art. For some patients, though conscious that\ntheir condition is perilous, recover their health simply through\ntheir content with the goodness of the physician, and it is well to\nsuperintend the sick to make them well, to care for the health to\nkeep them well but also to care for one's own self, so as to\nobserve what is seemly.\"\nHippocrates (460-377 B.C.)\nPrecepts\u2014Chapter 6.\nTranslated by Henry RICH JlNES   (1817-1885).\nThe same appraisal of medical practice was made by Sir\nWilliam Osier in the language of today:\n\"The practice of medicine is an art, not a trade, a calling in\nwhich your heart will be exercised equally with ypur head. Often\nthe best part of your work will have nothing to do with potions\nand powders, but with the exercise of the influence of the strong\nupon the weak, the righteous upon the wicked, the wise upon the\nfoolish.\"\n53\n So \"in Today already walks tomorrow.*'\nSamuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834)\nFrom 1890 until 1920 the Resident Medical Officer was\nthe accepted title for the Medical Director. From 1920 up to\nthe present the post has carried the title of Medical Superintendent or Medical Administrator. A list of those who have\noccupied this position, with a list of those physicians who over\nthe years have served the hospital as Internes will be found in\nAppendix VII.\n54\n CHAPTER VII\nDepartment of Radiology\n\"Life's but a walking shadow\"\nMacbeth\u2014William Shakespeare\nAct. 5, Scene 5, Line 16 (1564-1616)\n\"But like a shadow proves the substance true\"\nEssay on criticism Part II, Line 231\nAlexander Pope (1688-1744)\nIn November, 1895, Wilhelm Konrad von Rontgen, Professor of Physics at Wurzburg University, Germany, discovered\nthe rays which perpetuate his name. These were called \"X-rays\"\nbecause \"X\" is the usual symbol for any unknown factor.\nThese rays have the power of passing through various media\nwhich are opaque to ordinary light and effect a photographic\nplate casting shadows of varying density, depending on the\ndensity of the structure through which they have passed. So\nthe radiologist can say with the Hindu King in his Reply to\nthe  Missionary:\n\"And I see but shadows around me\"\nSir Alfred Comyn Lyall (1835-1911)\nIn the International Medical Annual for 1896 the following interesting report is given in part. It was written by E.\nHurry Fenwick, F.R.C.S., with additions by J. W. Gifford:\n\"No record of the progress of the year (1895) could be considered complete that omitted reference to the remarkable development in photography or shadowgraphy, or perhaps still more\ncorrectly speaking \"electrography\" made by Professor Rontgen of\nWurzburg. His discovery is so recent that it would be rash to\nprophecy what results may ultimately be expected from its use.\nNor would it be wise to predict how far it will aid the physician\nand surgeon in the clearing up of doubtful diagnosis, and in the\navoidance of dangerous exploratory  operations.\n\"It seems to have been assumed that the medical profession\nwas the one which would of all others benefit most from this\ndiscovery, and undoubtedly it may be of great use in a restricted\nfield. In the first place the apparatus which will give results with\nan exposure of four minutes is complicated, expensive and would\nrequire special technical skill in its manipulation.   (The apparatus\n55\n used by Mr. Gifford, as given below, entails a cost of between 50\nand 60 pounds.)\n\"Even with induction coils giving a six-inch spark results\nappear to be very uncertain, and yet if it were proposed to introduce even so feeble a light as this into one of the cavities of the\nbody it would be necessary to insulate the wires going to the\nCrookes' tube in a very effectual manner.\n\"Nor must it be forgotten that the result is not a photograph, with clear outline and detail, but a shadowgram, whose\nedges will be blurred and ill defined, in proportion as the photographic plate is removed from the object throwing the shadow. . . .\nAs bone is opaque to the X-rays, the use of this discovery will not\nbe at present available just where we most need it, in the thoracic\nand cranial cavities . . . yet it has already been proved that this\nmethod can indicate the position of such bodies as bullets, needles,\nand sequestra in a limb, and thus greatly assist in their removal. . . .\nAlready a calculus has been revealed in the bladder, but here the\nsound, the cystoscope, and the finger leave but little room for\nimprovement. . . . We must therefore necessarily conclude that the\ntime has not yet come to say how great will be the utility to the\nmedical profession of what is distinctly a new field in physical\nscience. . . .\"\nHow shrewd the appraisal was, to have been written\nwithin a few months of the original discovery, in view of\nexisting knowledge\u2014and how far from a true vision of what\nthe future of today held for this remarkable discovery in pure\nscience.\nIt is historically interesting that on October 28th, 1898\n(just about three years after the initial discovery) the Board of\nDirectors of the Provincial Royal Jubilee received a letter from\nMrs. H. D. Helmcken, enclosing the sum of $100.00, earned at\nan entertainment, to be placed in a special account to purchase\nX-ray equipment and in May of the following year a further sum\nof $250.00 was received from the same source to be added to the\nearlier donation. Action soon followed. On July 12th, 1899,\nX-ray apparatus \"not excelled by any other hospital on the\nPacific Coast\" was made in Victoria for the hospital.\nIt was Robert Hutchison who was responsible for the\nconstruction. He was an electrician associated with the late\nE. Crow-Baker in the first commercial production of electricity\nin Victoria at the corner of Fort and Langley. The story was\ntold by Frank H. Kelley in the Colonist of January 20th, 1957.\nIn the late thirties Mr. Hutchison was a member of the Board\nof Directors of the hospital.\nIn September of 1899 we read that Dr. Hasell, the Resident Medical Officer, demonstrated this X-ray unit to the\nmembers of the Natural History Society. In this connection\nit might be mentioned that one large hospital in one of the\n56\n largest cities in the United States had no X-ray equipment of\nany kind until 1911 and in two other large hospitals, one in\nCanada and one in the United States, the interpretation of all\nradiographs was entrusted to a photographer until after the\nFirst Great War. In the year 1910 Dr. Hasell had taken 73\n\"X-ray Photographs.\" New X-ray equipment was purchased\nin England, in 1910, but when it arrived there was no place\nto set it up. However, with help from The Daughters of Pity\nand very extensive help from the Women's Auxiliary a new\nX-ray room was built the following year off the corridor leading\nto the Pemberton Memorial Operating Room.\nEvidently the demand for such examinations showed\nprompt growth, as in 1912 a ruling was adopted as follows:\n\"That all X-ray patients first call at the office to obtain a\nvoucher before seeing the radiographer.\"\nA full time Radiologist, Dr. Stannier, was appointed in\n1916 when Dr. Hasell had resigned. Dr. Stannier's contract\nhad some interesting terms; prophetic of many of the agreements\nof today between radiologists and hospitals in both Canada and\nthe United States.   The basis terms of payment were as follows:\n\u201e \"The radiologist to receive 60% of all work done on the\nhospital machine and 90% if the work should be taken to the\nradiologist's PRIVATE OFFICE.    Free patients not to be charged.\"\nIn 1918 an addition 19' x 20' was built and new equipment costing $2,700.00 was added. In 1 918 Dr. L. K. Poyntz\nwas appointed Radiologist and continued until 1923. He was\nsucceeded for a few months by Dr. Warren and in the same year\nDr. W. M. Carr took over the work and carried it on until\n1931, when Dr. H. H. Murphy was appointed. He was\nfollowed in 1951 by Dr. H. M. Edmison, who had been\nappointed Associate Radiologist in 1946.\nThrough the generosity of the late Mr. Charles F. Todd\nnew equipment was added in 1919 and again in 1938, and\nsince that date has been maintained at a high standard.\nAs previously mentioned, Radium, for the treatment of\nmalignant conditions, was available at the hospital, comparatively soon after its discovery by Pierre and Marie Curie. The\nfirst donation, for this purpose, was made by Mr. Joseph\nGraves of The Douglas Lake Cattle Co. of Nicola, shortly\nbefore the first Great War. Soon after the cessation of hostilities, a generous gift from Mr. Joseph Sayward, of Victoria,\n57\n brought the supply up to the demands of current standards of\ntreatment. Realizing how much had been accomplished by her\nfather's gift, a further donation, in his memory, was made by\nhis daughter, Mrs. M. L. Sayward-Wilson. This gift again\nmade the supply sufficient for the demands of the period.\nThe department is now approved by the Royal College\nof Physicians and Surgeons of Canada for residencies in connection with the approved course of training in Radiology\u2014\nboth diagnostic and therapeutic.\nTraining in Radiological technique began early and the\nfirst pupil completed training in 1922. A list of graduates\nis included in Appendix X.\nThe post of Assistant Radiologist was established in 1938\nand was filled by Dr. J. B. Roberts and later by Dr. H. M.\nEdmison, the present Director. For a chronological list of\nRadiologists see Appendix IX.\n58\n m\nCHAPTER VIII\nThe Pathological Laboratory\n\"Medical instruction does not exist to provide individuals\nwith an opportunity of learning how to make a living\nbut in order to make possible the protection of the health\nof the public.**\nRUDOLF VlRCHOW (1821-1902) in an address to\na class of medical students at the Pathological\nInstitute, Berlin. Quoted by Erwin H. Ackernecht\nin his biography of Professor Virchow.\nThe origin of the study of Radiology can be accurately\nplaced in the history of medical progress\u2014the year, the day of\nthe month and almost the exact hour of the great discovery are\nknown. No such exact placement in time can be given for the\ngreat science of Pathology. Its beginnings may date from the\ndays of the astrologers\u2014almost certainly from the peak period\nof Arabian medicine.\nMany valuable discoveries were made in the early part of\nthe last century, as for example the detection of acetone in the\nblood and urine of diabetic persons which occurred in 1857.\nHowever, as we understand the word today and as the science\nis practiced we can well think of the great German Pathologist\nRudolf Virchow as the founder. His book on cellular Pathology\nwas published in Berlin in 1858. Here he described what Lord\nLister termed \"the true and fertile doctrine that every morbid\nstructure consists of cells which have been derived from preexisting cells as a progeny.\" On account of his liberal political\nbeliefs he was banished from Berlin by Bismarck and the\nUniversity of Wurzburg profited enormously by having him\nfor many years as a member of the Faculty. Then followed the\ndiscoveries in Bacteriology by Koch of the bacillus of Tuberculosis in 1882 and by Friedrich Loftier of the organism causing\ndiphtheria in 1884 and the reaction in the blood discovered by\nthe French physician Fernand Widal which makes possible a\npositive diagnosis of Typhoid.\n59\n Then came Ehrlich with his simple equipment and his\nenquiring mind. \"It was his conviction that there is nothing\nso practical as a theory that works and that practical applications always follow sound theoretical work. ... In the end he\ntaught physicians to look upon the blood in a new way, to\nlearn how tumours should be classified, to diagnose tuberculosis\nscientifically, to consider infection as a chemical process, to study\nimmunology as a branch of chemistry.\"\nGradually all the multitude of chemical, bio-chemical and\nhormonal examinations were developed which have contributed\nso greatly to making medicine what it is today.\nAs has been noted, a room was provided in the original\ncentral building of the Royal Jubilee for a laboratory on the\nthird floor. It would appear that the few examinations\nmade were done by the Resident Medical Officer and in 1911\nDr. Hasell asked for an additional room. However, Dr. Horn,\nwho had been appointed Pathologist at $75.00 per month\nreported in 1913 that \"work has continued in the Laboratory\nwith the same accommodation as before, one sink, one water\ntap and no room for more.\" However, in spite of these difficulties he was able to report also an average of 140 examinations\nper month \"blood counts, Wassermann tests and examinations\nof sputum, of which 25% showed the tubercle bacillus.\" However, the first Great War terminated Dr. Horn's appointment, as\nhe received some appointment from the War Office in London\nin 1916 and was succeeded by Dr. Long, and he in turn by\nDr. W. P. Walker in 1917, a position which he held until 1931.\nIn 1919 the new Provincial regulations regarding venereal\ndisease became active and a special governmental grant was made\nto the Provincial Royal Jubilee to cover the costs of the necessary\ntests and examinations for the area of Vancouver Island. This\nreally established the Laboratory as a branch of the Provincial\nHealth Service. This work in public health has naturally grown\ntremendously over the years up to the present and in 1931 all\nPublic Health work on Vancouver Island was centred here. The\naverage number of examinations performed in the Laboratory\ntoday is 16,000 per month.\nWhen the new east wing was opened in 1925 new quarters\nconsidered ample at the time, were assigned to the Laboratory\non the first floor. However, these were outgrown by 1951\nwhen through the generosity of the late J. Keith Wilson of\nVictoria   the   present   laboratory   building   was   constructed.\n60\n As is mentioned elsewhere the basic plan was developed by\nthe present pathologist and has proven very satisfactory, both\nas regards the use of space and light.\nIn 1936 studies in Basal Matabolism were commenced,\nthe Plasma Bank in 1940 and in 1945 the Red Cross established\nthe Blood Bank. Quite naturally it was placed under the aegis\nof the laboratory. This meant much more than just the undertaking of more work of the same kind. It was a break with\ntradition, and a wise one, as the laboratory had up to this time\nbeen concerned primarily and almost completely with diagnosis\nin one form or another. Now the staff was definitely identified\nwith treatment. Present plans are well matured to establish in\nconnection with the laboratory in the coming year, facilities for\nthe use of radioactive isotopes both in diagnosis and treatment,\nthus further identifying this department with actual treatment.\nIn 1952 this department was approved by the Royal\nCollege of Physicians and Surgeons for post-graduate training.\nThe present Director is Dr. R. G. D. McNeely. The Directors\nof the Laboratory are listed in Appendix XII.\n61\n CHAPTER IX\nMaintenance and Housekeeping\n\"The lyf so short, the craft so long to lerne.\"\nThe Parlement of Foules\nGeoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400).\nThe Housekeeping division started when the first nurse\nswept or dusted a patients' ward and the Maintenance Department when the first handyman was appointed in June, 1902.\nIt is probable that much of this man's time was filled with the\ncare of the four furnaces and the 17 fireplaces. At any rate, an\nitem appears in the Annual Report of 1896 of $182.00 collected\nfrom patients for extra fires. One can imagine the convalescent\npatient really enjoying his private ward with a good fire in the\ngrate\u2014but if you were not prepared to pay for \"extra fires,\"\nconvalescence and even the acute period of any illness in bed in\nan unheated room must have seemed quite reminiscent of Victorian England.\nThis man was also busy with the kitchen garden, the\nchickens and the pigs or, as it was referred to in the reports,\n\"the Farm.\" As early as 1892 the Directors appealed for\nshrubs and plants for the grounds and anyone who knew anything of old Victoria, to say nothing of modern Victoria, knows\nthat such an appeal was never unanswered. The gardens and\ngrounds represent the thoughtfulness of those who love and\nhave loved the hospital. In 1908 we read that \"Patients\nwere disturbed by dogs barking, the cow bellowing and the\nnoise from the chicken yard.\" This resulted in a ruling by the\nDirectors that \"the chicken yard be abolished and that no\nmember of the staff will be allowed to keep animals on the\npremises.\" In 1907 changes were beginning, as the furnaces\nwhich had grown in number to six, were now replaced by a\nsteam plant. While no definite department of housekeeping\nwas yet recognized there were ward maids in 1900 as there was\nan   official   ruling   regarding   holidays.      \"Ward   maids   must\n62\n arrange work to be covered when any are on holidays as a\nChinaman cannot be secured under $1.00 per day.\"\nThe laundry was at first all done by Chinese help but in\n1921 machinery had been installed and there is a note that \"a\nman from the laundry be sent for two weeks' training\nat the Victoria Steam Laundry and later to fill the post in the\nlaundry at the Jubilee.\" In other words, the day of the\n\"handy man\" was drawing to a close; specialization was beginning and the need for special training was gaining recognition.\nThese notes from the past are interesting, as they contrast\nso definitely with present conditions. Today the maintenance\nof a large hospital is as completely organized, equipped with\npower tools and trained competent personnel as complete as\nthe much advertised perfection of maintenance of a large first-\nclass modern hotel\u2014with the difference that all the \"guests\"\nin the hospital are ill or injured and all cleaning, servicing,\nrenewal and much new construction must be carried through\nwithout undue disturbance of patients or hospital equipment\nwhich must be available to function at any time day or night.\nAll this requires constant competent supervision and planning\nwith prompt efficient completion of all work in the minimum\nof time.\nIn the last twenty-five years much of the routine work was\nsystematized, as for example, the complete servicing of a private\nward when vacated with replacement of any furniture which\nneeded refinishing. Such refinishing was carried to a high point\nof efficiency and much new construction was carried out, some\nof which would be classified as major in character. By this\ntime the electrical equipment in the Department of Radiology,\nin the elevators and throughout the hospital generally had\nbecome so complicated that skilled mechanics were necessary to\nkeep it all functioning satisfactorily. The Housekeeping section was organized as a separate department in 1947. Perhaps\nthe most outstanding major construction undertaken on the\nadvice and carried out under the supervision of the Maintenance\nDepartment was the installation in 1936 of two high pressure\nsteam boilers at a total cost of slightly over $12,000. After\ntwenty-one years of satisfactory service these boilers are carried\nin the inventory at $30,000.    The story is an interesting one.\nIn 1935 the whole country was still in the grip of the\nGreat Depression and it seemed like the irony of fate that\n63\n replacement of the power plant should be required just at that\ntime. However, there was no room for argument in view of\nobsolescence and increased load due to growth. Mr. Maurice\nJ. Madeley, Chief Engineer, reported to the Directors that two\nsuitable boilers, owned by the Granby Consolidated Mining,\nSmelting and Power Co. could be purchased for $2,000 \"as\nis and where is\" and located near Cassidy on Vancouver Island.\nThe hazards inherent in the purchase of such used equipment\nwere obvious, but the units were purchased on Mr. Madeley's\nassurance that they were in sound condition and could be safely\nmoved and re-installed at a reasonable cost.\nThe complete equipment weighed over 40 tons and had to\nbe dismantled and each piece carefully labelled for re-assembling.\nThe actual transportation was by railway flat car to Chemainus;\nby sea barge to H.M.C. Dockyard at Esquimalt, where cranes\nwere available to transfer it all to trucks and so to the hospital.\nInstallation was uneventful with an interruption of steam\nservice for only three hours. I am indebted to Mr. J. A. Syme\nof the Purchasing Department for this exact data.\nIn 1949 the Employees' Association was granted bargaining rights for those employees not covered by some other labour\norganization. Through the efforts of this organization the\nemployees' monthly paper, \"The Harmonizer\" was started and\nhas contributed much towards unification of the staff. The\nother professional and craft organizations with hospital representation are:\nThe Registered Nurses' Association of British Columbia.\nThe International Union of Operating Engineers.\nThe International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers.\nThe Brotherhood of Painters, Decorators and Paper\nHangers of America.\nIn conclusion it is worthy of note that providing 24-hour\ncare seven days a week at the Royal Jubilee in 1950 called for\nthe following staff:\n210 Student Nurses.\n164 Graduate Nurses.\n56 Ward Aides.\n69 Clerical Workers.\n32 Technicians.\n16 Physicians, including Internes.\n34 Laundry Employees.\n64\n 41 on Dietary Staff.\n30 in the Maintenance Department.\n78 Household Staff.\n28 Orderlies.\n14 Technical Students.\nD. W. Hughes is presently in charge of the Power Plant\nand Maintenance Department. The Housekeeping Department\nalso comes under his jurisdiction. See Appendix XIV for\nchronological list of earlier members.\n65\n CHAPTER X\nPharmacy\n\"Better use medicines at the outset than at the last moment.\"\nMaxim 866\u2014PUBLILIUS SYRUS about 42 B.C.\nThe Lord created medicines out of the earth and a prudent\nman will have no disgust at them. And He gave men skill that\nthey might be glorified in His marvellous works. With these\nHe doth heal a man, and taketh away his pain. With these will\nthe apothecary make a confection, and His works shall not be\nbrought to an end. . . .\nThe wisdom  of Jesus,  the Son of Sirach,  otherwise\nknown as Eccleasticus.    Book III\u2014xiii\u2014The Modern\nReaders' Bible edited by RICHARD G. MOULTON, M.A.\n(Cantab Ph.D.   (Penn.)\nIt is always interesting and disappointing as one visits a\nhospital\u2014especially if it is not brand new, to find the Pharmacy\nhidden away in some remote dark corner\u2014and when on enquiry\nyou usually find that this space was originally designed for some\nother purpose. Such indeed was the case in the Provincial Royal\nJubilee when the East Wing was opened in 1925. Space planned\nby the architect for a clothes cupboard was pressed into service as\nthe Pharmacy and continued to be so used until the new J. Keith\nWilson Laboratory was built in 1951, when the space formerly\nused by the Laboratory was renovated and is today the\nPharmacy. It is a bright, well ventilated department and the\nrenovation was carefully and thoughtfully done so that the\naccommodation for this important department of the hospital\nis no longer a reproach reminiscent of an old oversight.\nOriginally a Pharmacy is not mentioned in the report of\nthe plans as accepted, so it is probable that if any special provision was made that it was on the third floor of the administration central block, and it is quite definite that the Resident\nMedical Officer (the Medical Superintendent of today) did the\ndispensing as late as 1907. In the days of the Royal Hospital\nan indigent patient had to be approved for admission not only\n66\n by his physician, but also in writing by two members of the\nBoard of Directors. With this background it is a little easier\nto understand the ruling, operative as late as 1922 to the effect\nthat all prescriptions for ward cases required approval by the\nResident Medical Officer and by the matron before being compounded.\nFor a time during the closing years of the First Great War\nand for a short time afterwards prescriptions were filled by the\nHall Drug Store in Victoria. The first full time dispenser was\nappointed in 1922 and the first Assistant Pharmacist in 1930.\nIn 1944 the Pharmacy had a vividly impressive exhibit on\ndisplay in the hospital, showing the extent to which manufacturing for hospital use had developed. This occasioned much\nfavourable comment on the part of the Directors and members\nof the Medical Staff. In that year the total manufactured products were:\nTablets    46,500\nHand-filled capsules   35,000\nOintments         300 lbs.\nSuppositories      2,500\nSyrups, tinctures and other\nliquid preparations        200 gallons\nas well as special narcotic solutions and parenteral solutions.\nIn view of the rabbit-like production of new drugs in\nrecent years the Therapeutics Committee of the Medical Staff\nprepared a special bulletin \"giving unbiased information on\ndrugs and therapeutic techniques.\" The special knowledge and\nco-operation of the staff of the Pharmacy was much in evidence\nin this effort and was deeply appreciated.\nThe present Pharmacist is E. Smith.\nFor a list of Pharmacists and Assistants see Appendix XV.\n67\n CHAPTER XI\nDepartment of Anaesthesia\n'The thick sweet mystery of chloroform\nThe drunken dark, the little death-inr-life\"\nAnd face to face with chance, I shrink a little\nMy hopes are strong, my will is something weak.'*\n\"In Hospital\" by W. E. HENLEY (1849-1903).\nThe use of Chloroform for anaesthesia was discovered by\nSir James Young Simpson in Edinburgh in 1847 and one most\nimportant factor in popularizing the use of anaesthesia, especially\nin Obstetrics was the fact that \"in April, 1853, he (Sir James)\nreceived a letter from Sir James Clark, physician in ordinary to\nHer Majesty, informing him that the Queen (Victoria) had\nbeen brought under the influence of chloroform, and had expressed herself as greatly pleased with the result. It was at the\nbirth of the late Prince Leopold that Her Majesty set her subjects\nthis judicious example.\" (Sir James Young Simpson by H.\nLaing Gordon, page 129.) The use of ether as an anaesthetic\nwas discovered and used by Dr. Crawford Williamson Long,\na surgeon in Georgia, U.S.A., in 1842, but he did not report\nit for some time. It was quite understandable that for many\nyears chloroform was used more frequently than ether in\nObstetrics, especially throughout the British Empire, and this\naccords with the report by Dr. Richardson, the first Resident\nMedical Officer of the Provincial Royal Jubilee Hospital, that\nup to May 31, 1892, he had given 1,000 anaesthetics without\nany accident. It is probable that many if not most of these\nwere done with chloroform\u2014so much so that in the records we\nfind the anaesthetist occasionally referred to as the \"chloro-\nformist.\" The many new developments of today were of\ncourse unknown\u2014the use of local anaesthesia either by infiltration or by nerve block\u2014spinal and intravenous anaesthetics\u2014\nthese were all still secrets in the lap of Time.\n68\n As the Resident Medical Officer officiated also as Pharmacist\nso in the beginning he acted as anaesthetist. Some abuses evidently crept in under this system, as we find a resolution in the\nBoard Minutes to the effect that while the R.M.O. was responsible for all anaesthetics given to in-patients he was not to be\nexpected to give anaesthetics for small operations done on outpatients.\nIn 1916 Dr. A. B. Hudson was appointed Anaesthetist,\nfollowed by Dr. C. W. Duck in 1918. As the department grew,\nDr. Duck became Head\u2014a position he occupied until 1956.\nMore recent appointments to the Anaesthetic Staff were\nDr. George Bigelow in 1940 and Dr. Irene Clearihue in 1941.\nThe Anaesthetic Staff in 1956 were:\nDr. J. L. Andrews\u2014Chief of Department.\nDr. R. A. Fortye.\nDr. J. R. Stone.\nDr. M. Yates.\nDr. C. W. Duck.\n69\n CHAPTER XII\nDepartment of Dietetics\n\"We may live without poetry, music and art:\nWe may live without conscience and live without heart.\nWe may live without friends; we may live without books:\nBut civilized man cannot live without cooks.**\nLucile Part I\u2014Canto XIX, EDWARD BULYER LYTTON\n(Owen Meredith)   (1831-1891).\nThe science of dietetics as practiced today involves an\naccurate and detailed knowledge of the various foods as required\nby the human body if physical and mental health and strength\nare to be maintained. Meals must be provided which contain\nthe proper portion of the basic elements\u2014proteins, fats and\ncarbohydrates with vitamins and minerals and in certain diseases\nspecial alteration is required. The dietitian must have commercial training so that purchasing may be properly supervised\nand the storage of food must be constantly supervised as must\nits distribution. It is easy to make a brief summary of such\nessential items as these but the far-reaching implications call for\nnational organization and supervision. This is supplied in\nCanada by the Canadian Dietetic Association formed in 1935.\nThis Association approved the Royal Jubilee Hospital in 1952\nfor training in this essential science and art. Approval is given\nannually. Applicants must have \"a bachelor's degree with a\nmajor in foods and nutrition from a college or university of\nrecognized rank. The prospective student must also furnish a\ncertificate of health and fitness and have a recommendation from\nthe Dean of the School.\" Prior to 1935 some pupils were\ntaken at the hospital for training in this department but a\nuniversity degree was not required.\nThis short summary tells much about the dietetic department and it is indeed a far cry from the opening days of the\npresent hospital when two white cooks and two Chinese were\nemployed.   The white ones received $22.50 per month and the\n70\n Chinese $27.50. It is interesting to follow in the scanty notes\nin the records the gradual development of the modern department from this small beginning. In 1899 a Miss Livingstone\nfrom the London University gave a short course of lectures to\nthe nurses on invalid cooking and the Directors expressed ' 'their\nhopes\" of establishing a diet kitchen.\nIn 1917 this hope was partially realized as two rooms\nwere set aside in the Administration Block to be made into a\nsmall kitchen \"complete with gas stove cooking, where nurses\nwill receive instruction in invalid cooking.\" In 1921 a dietitian\nwas placed in charge of the main kitchen.\nA list of those who have taken courses in Dietetics will be\nfound in Appendix XVI.\nROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL DIETETIC\nDEPARTMENT\nPrior to 1935 the records show that persons could come to\nthe hospital on a short course but were not necessarily university\ngraduates.\nWhile taking their course these graduates were known as\nstudent dietitians until the year 1947, when they became known\nas dietetic internes.\nThe following list of the students taking the short course\nprior to 1945 will be found in Appendix XVI.\n71\n CHAPTER XIII\nWomen's Organizations and Service Clubs\n\"The Honorary Treasurer would respectfully\nsuggest that a committee of ladies could materially\nassist the Directors in the matter of obtaining annual\nsubscribers, and the Directors would hail with satisfaction such a valuable volunteer body, and there is\nno doubt that their labours would have a large\namount of success.\"\nWILLIAM CHUDLEY, the Honorary Treasurer,\nin the first Annual Report of the Provincial\nRoyal Jubilee Hospital on May 31st,  1891.\n\"Ours would be a dreary task were it not for the\ninspiration and assistance we receive from our\nWomen's organizations.\"\nFrom the Report of the Board of Directors\nand the Executive Staff, 1951.\nIn his second Annual Report, June 1st, 1892, Mr. Chudley\nwrote as follows:\n\"The lists of donations and subscriptions have\nassumed a much more healthy aspect, more especially\nthe subscribers' list of $2,580.35. The result is entirely due to the arduous labours of the Ladies'\nAuxiliary Committee, whose term of office expires on\nthe 30th inst., co-equal with the retiring Directors.\nThe Honorary Treasurer hardly expected such substantial results when he suggested last year the formation of a Ladies' Committee, and trust they will continue to act with future Boards\/'\nThus the first of the many women's organizations which\nhave over the years so generously and enthusiastically supported\nthe Jubilee was called \"The Ladies' Auxiliary Committee.\" In\n1864 the \"Female Infirmary\" was built by a group of women,\nprobably largely the same membership as in that later original\nLadies' Auxiliary. The first meeting of the Senior Women's\nAuxiliary was held in 1898 and the Junior W.A. founded by\n72\nll\n Mrs. Herman Robertson commenced in 1924. Mrs. E. S.\nHasell in 1898 formed the Daughters of Pity \"for younger\nwomen interested in public hospital work.\" It is now the\nChildren's Ward Auxiliary. In the closing years of the last\ncentury \"The Agenorian Society\" was very active and made\nhistory by installing electric light throughout the hospital in\nthe year 1897-8, and about the same time pioneered in building\ntwo recovery rooms at the rear of the new Pemberton Operating\nRoom. Its members were probably absorbed into other organizations as the name ceased to figure in hospital records, but not\nuntil much had been accomplished. This also applies to several\nother organizations which functioned creditably in the past,\nsuch as The Fellowship Club, The Starlets, The Sugar Plum\nGirls, the King's Daughters and The Little King's Daughters.\nThe women's organizations which are now active in the\nwork of the Jubilee are listed with their respective presidents\nand secretaries* From sewing and providing linen to assisting\nin building and securing new equipment, from supplying books\nto the patients to scholarships for the School of Nursing, from\nproviding transportation for patients to supplying surgical\nsupports, glasses and dentures, there is no need at the Jubilee\nthat these organizations do not quickly learn about and proceed\nto solve.\nThe present Provincial Government paid a very high compliment to the women's organizations connected with the\nvarious hospitals of the Province when present rules and regulations were established. The first intention was to disband all\nwomen's organizations but when on more mature consideration\nand study the authorities began to realize just how much these\nwomen accomplished, first in terms of money and secondarily in\nbuilding hospital morale, this order was cancelled and the\nwomen of the Province were given governmental approval in\ntheir hospital activities.\nDuring the last Great War between June, 1940, and\nOctober, 1945, another group of able devoted women known\nas \"The Blue Veils\" or \"the Ladies in Blue,\" worked as aides\nthroughout the hospital. This group was organized by Mrs.\nW. P. D. Pemberton, R.N., under the auspices of St. John\nAmbulance, and took their name from the attractive uniform\nwhich was so distinctive. It has been described by Mrs. E. P.\nGillespie, who assumed leadership during Mrs. Pemberton's\nlong and fatal illness, as follows:\n73\n \"A blue cotton dress with white collar and cuffs,\nover which we wore a white apron, very similar to\nthe Student Nurses' (Jubilee Training School) apron.\nWe wore square blue veils, the same shade as our\ndresses, white shoes and stockings and in consequence\nwe became known as \"the Ladies in Blue.\"\nMrs. Gillespie also reports on the great volume of work\ndone as follows:\n\"The total of our nursing hours on duty at the\nRoyal Jubilee Hospital, as far as can be ascertained at\nthis date, was between 60,000 and 65,000 hours.\nApproximately 16,000 hours were on paid Staff duty,\nall the rest were entirely voluntary.\"\nThis cheery, efficient group of volunteer workers quickly\nsettled into harmonious relations with the whole permanent\nhospital staff and there was general regret when October, 1945,\nterminated their hospital connection.\nThe Service Clubs of Victoria and surrounding municipalities have also recognized the Jubilee as meriting their loyal\nsupport and assistance.    See Appendix XVII.\nFor list of Members of \"Ladies in Blue\" see Appendix\nXVIII.\nOfficers of Women's Organizations see Appendix XXI.\n74\n CHAPTER XIV\nSocial Service\n\"Then gently scan your brother-man,\nStill gentler sister-woman.\"\nRobert burns (1759-1796).\nAddress to the Unco Guid\u2014Stanza.7\nSocial Service, as we understand the term today is a comparatively recent development in our civilization. Social work\ngradually developed from early philanthropic work by the\nchurches and small groups of sympathetic and interested groups\nof private citizens. These efforts were largely to be classed\nunder the heading of charity\u2014emphasis being placed on worthiness, while in social service work of today rehabilitation of the\nindividual is approached not only from the point of view of\nthe individual recipient but also from the community viewpoint.\nThe first really scientific attempt to solve this problem was\nmade by P. G. F. Le Play, who made a careful study of certain\nfamilies in France in 1850. In 1890 a study by Charles Booth\ninto wages, prices, working conditions, housing and health\nstandards of living, etc., in London, England, threw new light\nand emphasis on the whole situation. In 1874 the National\nConference of Social Work (originally named The National\nConference of Charities and Correction) was formed in the\nUnited States. In 1930 the American Federal Government\nbecame very active in the field. Chronologically it is interesting\nto note that the first organized Social Service Work in the Provincial Royal Jubilee was started in 1934 and the credit must go\nto the Junior Women's Auxiliary who financed the venture\nwith a half-time social worker, Miss J. Hallet. She was\nsucceeded by Miss McBride on a full time basis in 1935. The\nCanadian Association of Social Workers was formed in 1926.\nIn the 1945 Annual Report of the hospital Social Service\nwas defined as \"an attempt to seek out and treat those nonmedical factors which aggravate a patient's illness and necessarily\n75\n prolongs hospitalization\" and the work as carried out at that\ntime in the Royal Jubilee was described as \"referring patients to\nsocial agencies for nursing or boarding care: care of illegitimate\ncases; housekeepers in case of illness of mother of family; discharges to Essondale; admissions to St. Joseph's Oriental\nHospital; helping patients with adjustment of accounts and\nreporting on living conditions.\"\nThe present Director is Miss M. E. Bradley, S.R.N., S.C.M.,\nP.S.W.\nFor a list of Directors, past and present, see Appendix XIX.\n76\n CHAPTER XV\nDr. J. S. Helmcken\n\"Whose distant footsteps echo\nThrough the corridors of time.\"\nLongfellow (1807-1882)\nBefore closing this short survey of the first hundred years\nof the Royal Jubilee Hospital it might be worth while to try to\nsketch in general outline one of those men active in the early days\nas perhaps more or less characteristic of his generation. Dr.\nJohn Sebastian Helmcken, who was later to be known as \"The\nGrand Old Man of British Columbia\" would seem to be representative.\nVancouver Island at that time was several months distant\nfrom England, as the sea trip via Cape Horn was the only\npractical route. The Canadian Pacific Railway was not to\nreach Vancouver until 1886 and there were no railway lines\nwest of the Mississippi in the United States. The first telegraph company in the United States was formed in 1844 and\nthe Trans-Atlantic cable was not to come until 1878. Old\nage pensions, baby bonuses, disability insurance, Workman's\nCompensation\u2014in fact, anything approaching the welfare state\nwere still dreams\u2014but dreams that were all realized in the lifetime of Dr. Helmcken. It was a hard life even for the strong\nand confident. An old Presbyterian worthy in Ontario about\nthis time was accustomed to pray daily for \"special grace in that\nlast dread day when every tub must stand upon its own\nbottom.\" Vancouver Island in 1858 certainly shared this\ndistinction with the Judgment Day.\nIt is easy to summarize the main events in Dr. Helmcken's\nlife but not so simple to appraise his impact on this province\nand on Canada. He was of German descent but born in London\non June 5 th, 1825. He first took up Pharmacy and later\nMedicine, graduating from Guy's Hospital in 1848 when he\ntook a post as ship's surgeon on the \"Mallacca\" (a ship which\n77\n had been built by the same firm which built the \"Beaver\"),\nwhere he spent about a year and a half. At this time he received\nan appointment in the service of the Hudson's Bay Company\u2014\nor to use the proper designation\u2014\"The Governor and Company of Adventurers of England trading into Hudson's Bay.\"\nHis appointment was a double one, combining the duties of\nclerk and physician. In company with about 80 others, almost\nall in the service of the Company, he arrived in Victoria on the\n\"Norman Morrision,\" under the command of Captain Wishart,\nin the month of March, 1850. The Company was already\ninterested in the mining of coal at the upper part of Vancouver\nIsland and the young clerk and physician was at once assigned\nto this area at what was then known as Fort Rupert. He travelled north on the \"Beaver\" and when Governor Blanshard\nmade his first visit to this community on board H.M.S. Daedalus\nhe appointed Dr. Helmcken a Justice of the Peace\u2014a post which\ncarried considerable authority as the judicial system was just\nbeginning to be developed. Dr. Helmcken found himself faced\nwith what was practically a rebellion on the part of the local\nIndians (the Newittees) during which three company employees\nwere killed. The Indians at this point were especially savage\nand were said at one time to have been cannibalistic. Quite a\nlengthy account of this affair is copied from the Biographical\nDictionary of well-known British Columbians in Vol. XXI\nof Canada and its Provinces, page 94. The conclusion is that\nDr. Helmcken and Mr. Blenkinsop, who was associated with\nhim, had conducted the whole affair with judgment combined\nwith decision.\n\"When the mining operations ceased at that point, Dr.\nHelmcken went to Victoria and practised his profession. He\nwas elected Speaker of the Legislature of 1856 and remained a\nmember of the assembly, representing the people of Victoria\nuntil the year 1871, occupying as well the position of first commoner. A son-in-law of Governor Douglas, he was also guide,\nphilosopher and friend to him and to the assembly in matters\npolitical and parliamentary. Although opposed to Confederation as premature and to some extent unsuitable to the needs of\nthe colony, he assisted in preparing the terms when agreed upon\nby the legislature, and was a delegate to Ottawa to discuss them\nwith the Federal authorities. At that time he could have had\nany position, either Federal or Provincial, in the gift of the\n78\n people of British Columbia, but he refused all posts or honours\nand retired permanently from public life.\"\nCanada and Its Provinces\u2014\nVol. XXI, page 118, by R. E. GOSNELL.\nAs has been noted elsewhere, Dr. Helmcken was very active\nin the original campaign for a maternity at the Provincial Royal\nJubilee and when the Pemberton bequest was, with the approval\nof the family, used for an operating room instead of a maternity,\nDr. Helmcken resigned from the Consulting Staff in 1896. The\nDirectors requested him to re-consider his action but he did not\ndo so. When the diplomas and medals were presented to the\ngraduating class, the President, Mr. Joshua Davies, referred to\nthis incident in these words:\n\"The Directors had asked Dr. Helmcken to present the medals\nand the diplomas, but he declined on the ground that there 'existed\nstrained and estranged relations' between him and I must assume\nthe Board of Directors and perhaps one or more of our medical\nmen. ... I have reason to know that neither the Board of Directors\nnor any of the medical men have any other feeling than that of the\nloftiest respect for the good Dr. Helmcken has done and is still\ndoing in the city and all of us regret if we have to differ with him\nupon the question of conducting a maternity ward in conjunction\nwith our hospital\u2014a subject he had set his heart upon. ... I\ncan assure him that as far as the Directors are concerned they cannot\nrecognize that there exists between them and him any strained\nrelations. ...\"\nWhen we recall that Dr. Helmcken was elected Speaker\nof the Legislature in 1856 we must not picture him as presiding\nin anything like the surroundings of the present legislative\nassembly in our Parliament Buildings (not to be started until\n1893), but let Dr. Helmcken tell us this story in his own words.\nThe following quotation is from an article which appeared\nin the Vancouver Province on January 14th, 1956. It was\nwritten by the well-known historian of British Columbia, Mr.\nB. A. McKelvie. It describes some aspects of the first election\nfor the colony of Vancouver Island:\n\"Dr. J. S. Helmcken, who was elected for Esquimalt, and was\nnamed as the first Speaker, has fortunately left some notes about\nthe first election. It was a spirited\u2014at least according to the good\ndoctor, it was a spiritous affair:\n\"Sooke and Nanaimo were mere' nomination boroughs. The\nVictoria campaign . . . was carried on in the usual manner, that is\nto say, everyone was button-holed and asked to promise his vote;\n. drinks of course were common, but I don't remember any public\nmeetings being held, save perhaps the assemblage of a few persons\nbehind the counters.\n\"The bewildering fact was that when sober the voters would\npromise one way; when ebrius et ebriolus, another. How many times\n79\n the candidates visited every freeholder in the district; how many\nbottles of whiskey were drunk; how many songs were sung,\ndeponent sayeth not. It was a good time for some of the voters\nand a break in monotony.     A small  game of fisticuffs did no\nharm\t\n\"The votes were so few that two or three made all the\ndifference between success and failure. At the polls there was no\nsneaking behind a fathom of grey cotton to sign a ballot paper\nand lie secretly but every man had to vote openly like a man\u2014*nd\nlie if he chose like a man.\"\nThe first location of the democratic assembly was in\n\"Bachelor's Hall\" in Fort Victoria, where the Canadian Bank\nof Commerce now stands on Government Street at Fort. \"The\nHouse of Assembly,\" explained Dr. Helmcken, \"was a room\nabout 20 feet in length and about a dozen in breadth, lined\nwith upright planks, unpainted, unadorned, save perhaps with\na few cedar mats to cover fissures. On each side were two doors\nleading to as many dormitories. In the centre stood a large\ndilapidated rectangular stove, its sides made of sheet iron,\nbeautifully and picturesquely bulging.\n\"At the end was a wooden home-manufactured table upon\nwhich stood a hundred page ledger, but without a mace, penknife or postage stamps, although the latter at that time existed\nfor foreign purposes. (The use of postage stamps commenced in\nEngland in 1840 and in the United States in 1847.) Around\nthe Speaker's table stood half-a-dozen ordinary chairs for the\nuse of the members and at a respectable distance a couple of\nbenches without backs for the audience. . . .\n\"At the end of the year the accounts indicated that this\naugust body had cost about twenty-five dollars, which occasioned some ironical remarks from the London Times.\nThese details are all of interest to us in this study as the\nevents described occurred just two years before the opening of\nthe Royal Hospital in Victoria.\nHelmcken House is one of the \"Historic sites\" of Victoria\nand will well repay a visit. The house, built in 1852, is still\nsound and attractive, with its fittings and furniture of a day\ngone by. How far away 1852 is in house construction will be\nbrought home to any one when it is realized that all the lumber\nused was \"whipsawn\" by Chinese labour\u2014in other words, the\nlogs were sawn into usable lumber by hand. This interesting\nold house with so much to recall that era so completely different\nto today is under the efficient and enthusiastic management of\n80\n the curator, Mrs. Webster, who is never too busy to talk about\nDr. Helmcken. An interesting account by Rachel Large\nappeared in the Daily Colonist of July 28th, 1957.\nSuch was the man Dr. J. S. Helmcken\u2014well trained in\nhis own profession, wise in counsel, conscious of his responsibility as a citizen, with a will of his own and a clear conception\nand philosophy of life\u2014what it could give and what it should\nbe made to give\u2014a leader of men and a philosopher.\n81\n CHRONOLOGICAL HISTORY\nBased almost completely on a similar summary prepared earlier\nby Mr. MICHAEL A. M. FRASER, B.A., Assistant Administrator\n1858\u2014Royal Hospital opened\u2014small house loaned by Mr.\nBlinkhorn.\n1859\u2014New Royal Hospital built on Indian Reserve.\n1860\u2014French Benevolent & Mutual Aid Society care for\nmembers paying one dollar monthly.\n1864\u2014Female Infirmary built at head of Pandora Street.\n1869\u2014Female Infirmary taken over by Royal Hospital. Male\ncases transferred from Indian reserve building to Infirmary.\n1890\u2014Provincial Royal Jubilee Hospital opened by H.R.H.\nthe Duke of Connaught.\n1891\u2014The School of Nursing established at Jubilee.\n1893\u2014Small pox and the Provincial Royal Jubilee Hospital\ntakes charge.\n1896\u2014Pemberton Memorial Operating Room.\nAll medical practitioners in the city permitted to attend\ncharity cases.\nLimited semi-private accommodation provided.\n1897\u2014Electricity   installed   throughout  the  hospital  by  the\nAgenorian Society.\n1899\u2014First X-ray machine installed.\n1902\u2014Trial  of Recovery Rooms connected with Operating\nRoom\u2014successful but shortage of space necessitated use\nof this space for storage and sterilizing.\n1904\u2014Strathcona Ward.\n1907\u2014First Children's Ward.\n1909\u2014First Nurses' Home.\nPemberton Memorial Chapel.\n1912\u2014Pathologist appointed.\n1916\u2014First Maternity Ward with six beds.\nMen's Surgical Ward refurnished and named for Sir\nRichard McBride.\n82\n 1917-\u2014Pavilion opened for tuberculosis,\n1919\u2014Radiologist appointed.\n1925\u2014East Wing opened.\n1930\u2014New Nurses' Home opened.\n1935\u2014Provincial Government of British Columbia takes over\ncare of Tuberculosis.\n1940\u2014McBride Ward becomes an Isolation Ward.\n1941\u2014-Central Block opened.\n1946\u2014-Psychiatric unit with eight beds opened.\nTumour Clinic started.\nRed Cross Blood Bank.\nMaternity Wing opened.\n1947\u2014Temporary use of army huts for extra accommodation\nat Nurses* Home.\n1949\u2014Employees' Association given bargaining rights. \"Har-\nmonizer,\" the employees paper, established.\n1952\u2014J. Keith Wilson Laboratory opened.\n1954\u2014Further extension  to  Psychiatric  unit  to bring  bed\ncapacity to 24.\nHospital approved for use of radio-active isotopes.\nDate of Erection and Cost of Main Buildings\n1890\u2014Original Building\u2014Contract price $ 50,558.00\n1896\u2014Pemberton Operating Room\u2014Approx       3,500.00\n19 04\u2014Strathcona Ward      12,812.10\n1909\u2014Pemberton Chapel\t\n1925\u2014East Wing   500,000.00\n1930\u2014Nurses'  Home   176,825.70\n1941\u2014Central Block    120,000.00\n1946\u2014Maternity   380,000.00\n83\n  APPENDICES\nAPPENDIX I\nBOARD OF DIRECTORS\n(1890-1956)\nTHE PROVINCIAL ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL\nVICTORIA. B.C.\nIncorporated 26th April, 1890\nTRUSTEES\nHon. Robert Dunsmuir James Fell, Esq.\nSir Joseph W. Trutch W. Curtis Ward, Esq.\nHon. Mr. Justice Crease Thomas R. Smith, Esq.\nPresident Thomas R. Smith\nHon. Treasurer W. Curtis Ward\nBOARD OF DIRECTORS\n1890                              18 members\n1894 .   15 members\n1914                                -  18 members\n1916  21 members\n1951.                         12 members\nCapt. A. M. Aitken 1937-1938\nLt.-Col. Hugh R. Allan.__.1932-1941\nD. J. Angus.\u2122 1918-1931\nArthur A. Ash 1956-Continuing\nDr. D. M. Baillie 1933-1934, 1943-1945\nE. Crow Baker 1892-1894\nC F. Banfield 1922-1924\nDr. W. Bapty 1919-1929\nF. S. Barnard 1905-1907\nH. K. Bate 1953-1955\nCharles Baxter   1910-1912\nR. K. Beairsto - 1948-1950\n85\n W. Blakemore 1913-1917\nDr. E. W. Boak 1915-1920, 1932-1935\nJ. W. Bolden 1905-1915, 1917-1922, 1923-1924\nJohn Braden 1890-1899\nI. Braverman 1890-1905\nR. E. Brett 1902-1908\nGeorge H. Browni 1890-1930\nP. R. Brown 1925-1929, 1930-1935\nDr. T. M. Bryant 1937-1941\nDr. G.'B. B. Buffam 1943-1945\nMiss B. Bullock-Webster__1948-1950\nGeorge Byrnes . 1891-1899\nHenry Callow 1912-1914\nD. E. Campbell 1905-1913, 1922-1938\nJ. W. Casey 1951-1956\nDr. Gavin Chisholm 1953-1956\nWm. M. Chudley 1890-1898\nDr. N. C. Cook 1938-1939\nL. U. Conyers 1917-1929\nHon. Mr. Justice Crease.__l890-1891\nJ. L. Crimp 1894-1902\nWm. Crouch 1931-1939\nJoshua Davies 1890-1903\nR. S. Day 1899-1920\nH. M. Diggon 1945-1952\nS. J. Drake 1920-1941\nA. L. Drury 1899-1903\nHon. Robert Dunsmuir 1890\nW. J. Dwyer 1895-1899\nD. M. Eberts 1890-1894\nDr. E. H. W. Elkington___.1950-1953\nW. H. Ellis 1894-1895\nJames Fell, Esq 1890\nA. C. Flumerfelt 1890-1900, 1909-1910, 1915-1917\nJames Forman  1899-1909, 1917-1937\nDr. Allan Fraser 1935-1937\nA. C. Fraser l.1914-1918\nDr. R. L. Fraser 1915-1919\n86\n Ben Gordon  \u201e1892-1893, 1900-1902\nM. P. Gordon 1915-1922\nM. W. Graham 1920-1929\nH. M. Grahame  1899-1902\nJohn Grant 1891-1892\nDr. T. W. A. Gray __1942-1944\nA. A. Green __. 1890-1891\nMrs. R. F. Green 1917-1920\nF. B. Gregory, . .1893-1894\nJ. C. Haddock 1953-Continuing\nT. Hadfield ,\u2022_._._:___.__-__ 1932-1936, 1945-1948\nDenis Hagar 1946-1948\nDr. E. Hall 1920-1922\nW. J. Hanna -.- 1 1898-1899\nCapt. M. D. Harbord _11920-1922\nJohn Harvey ,1924-1929\nR. D. Harvey, K.C. ________ 1950-1951\nDr. E. C. Hart 1924-1925\nT. W. C. Hawkins 1931-1932\nCharles Hayward _____.,\u201e____ 1890-1899\nH. G. S. Heisterman 11929-1934, 1935-1937, 1939-1946\nH. D. Helmcken J892-1907, 1908-1912\nE. E. Henderson 1941-1946\nCharles S. Henley 1938-1948\nJ. H. Hill 1923-1925\nJ. L. Hobbs J942-Continuing\nH. P. Hodges'\u201e\u201e\u201e.., 1945-1951, 1952-1953\nC. A. Holland 1900-1908\nMajor H. C. Holmes 1929-1930\nIan M. Home __\u201e______195 5 -Continuing\nWilliam Humphrey 1902-1905\nDr. J. D. Hunter J 934-1938\nDr. R. A. Hunter __:_.________i 945-1946\nRobert Hutchison  1937-1939\nP. T. James 1903-1905\nR. J. Jameson 11934-1937\nR. V. Jenkin _I948-1952\nW. H. Johnston 1937-1945\nA. W. Jones _:_.__\u201e\u00a3_____:____. 1890-1894\nDr. T. M. Jones 1945-1947\n87\n Dr. G. C. Kenning 1930-1931\nDr. S. G. Kenning 1935-1938\nW. H. Kinsman 1932-1937\nA. I. Kirkpatrick 1912-1914, 1915-1917\nA. G. Lambrick 1939-1941\nDr. Forrest Leeder 1914-1915, 1916-1919, 1924-1929\nSimon Leiser 1910-1917\nDr. J. W. Lennox 1930-1932, 1940-1941, 1942-1943\nE. A. Lewis 1899-1910\nA. C. Abb Lindsay 1946-1948\nA. Lockley 1931-1932, 1936-1944\nDr. O. C. Lucas 1941-1942\nDr. J. S. McCallum 1920-1931, 1944-1945\nD. A. MacDonald 1929-1931\nGeorge McGregor  1915-1934\nLloyd G. McKenzie 1956-Continuing\nDr. A. E. McMicking 1929-1930\nE. W. McMullen 1939-1953\nDr. T. McPherson 1923-1924, 1927-1932, 1939-1940\nE. A. McQuade 1890-1894\nWilliam Mable 1905-1938\nJ. A. Mara 1909-1920\nJ. B. Martin 1908-1909\nDr. R. L. Miller 1934-1935\nDr. Thomas Miller 1922-1923, 1931-1933\nDr. W. E. M. Mitchell. 1934-1938, 1947-1949\nP. A. Moir 1943-1957\nDr. J. H. Moore 1942-1943, 1944-1947\nF. G. Mulliner. 1951-Continuing\nE. Musgrave 1903-1905\nDr. A. B. Nash 1939-1942,   1946-1951\nH. E. Newton 1907-1912\nW. E. Oliver 1914-1915\nJames Parfitt 1917-1923\nL. H. Passmore 1941-1942\nB. W. Pearse 1891-1892\nF. B. Pemberton 1894-1897, 1900-1909\nW. P. D. Pemberton 1945-1949\n88\n Mrs. J. Phethean 1933-1936\nE. C. Pollock 1944-1946\nR. H. Powell 1929-1932\nCapt. D. J. Proudfoot 1948-1951\nDr. L. L. Ptak 1948-1951, 1956-Continuing\nC. E. Redfern 1890-1892\nC. E. Renouf 1897-1899\nMrs. C W. Rhodes 1907-1933\nDr. H. E. Ridewood 1925-1927\nH. Rivers  1904-1905\nJ. Vaughan Roberts 1922-1943\nH. B. Robertson 1909-1912\nDr. H. M. Robertson 1929-1930, 1932-1933\nDr. R. B. Robertson 1941-1942\nDr. H. B. Rogers 1914-1916, 1919-1922\nJ. R. Scoby 1941-1942\nDr. R. Scott-Moncrieff 1947-1950\nJudge H. H. Shandley. 1924-1947\nMrs. E. Sheppard 1936-1956\nThomas Shotbolt 1890-1922\nDr. A. C. Sinclair 1933-1934\nC. Sivertz _\u201e1917-1920, 1922-1923, 1925-1929\nThomas R. Smith 1890-1891\nChris Spencer 1905-1909\nG. Herbert Stevens 1941-1948, 1949-1951, 1952-Con-\nAlex Stewart ~ 1918-1925 tinuing\nL. Tait \u201e1912-1917\nDr. M. W. Thomas 1922-1924\nMrs. W. G. Thorpe -.1956-Continuing\nJ. C. Thow 1950-Continuing\nG F. Todd 1902-1903\nEdwin Tomlin 1929-1934, 1935-1944\nDr. W. A. Trenholme. 1949-1951\nSir Joseph Trutch 1890\nT. H. Twigg I __1903-1904\nF. W. Vincent - 1909-1917\nJohn Wallace 1918-1927\nW. Curtis Ward, Esq 1890-1894\nDr. H. J. Wasson ~ 1914-1920\n89\n Dr. G A. Watson ,-1938-1939\nMrs. Weiler  .1914-1918\nCharles Williams \u20141920-1944\nAlex Wilson 1890-1914\nR. B. Wilson __\u2014 1957-1958\nF. E. Winslow 1934-1951\nR. A. Wootton 1946-1952\nJ .A. Worthington ___1927-1945, 1952-1956\nAndrew Wright  1912-1918\nCmdr. A. G Wurtele 1948-1958\nJ. Stuart Yates 1890-1900\n#   ft   it\nLONG SERVICE AWARDS PRESENTED TO THE\nFOLLOWING \u2014MARCH 20, 1956\nPresented with 25-Year Service Pins\u2014\nMISS BERYL FERGUSON  . 36 years in May, 1956\nMR.  ROBERT PATRICK  . ...Would have been 35 years\nin April, 1956 .   \u2022*\nMISS MARGARET PATERSON   ___32 years in July, 1956\nMR. PERCY G. HAWKINS  __31 years in January, 1956\nMRS.  ANNIE P.  CLEMENTS   ______30 years in June, 1956\nMISS ETHEL J. CROGHAN 27 years in February, 1956\nMISS LUCY BENNALLACK  27 years in July, 1956\nMR. CHARLES W. WARD    27 years in July, 1956\nMR.  J.  EDWIN SMITH  26 years in January, 1956\nMR. WILLIAM HASLAM 26 years in April, 1956\nPresented with 15-Year Service Pins\u2014\ni in June, 1956\n5 in September, 1956\n! in September, 1956\n! in January, 1956.\ni in February, 1956\njin April, 1956\ni in January, 1956\n! in May, 1956       *\n; in July, 1956\ni in May, 1956\ni in June, 1956\nMR.  CHARLES WALKER    24 years\nMISS FLORENCE FERGUSON    23 years\nMR. FREDERICK BROWN    22 years\nMR.  JOHN W. GILLIS    .21 years\nMISS LUCIE P.  WOODROW 21 years\nMR. WILLIAM ROWLANDSON  ____21 years\nMR.  CLIFFORD GRIFFIN    20 years\nMR. FRANK TIDBURY . E 20 years\nMR. JOHN STOBART  20 years\nMISS MARGARET PLUNKETT ____19 years\nMISS DOROTHY BURROWS    19 years\nin September, 1956\nMRS. MARJORIE GUNN  19 years i\nMR.  JOHN A.  SYME  .....18 years in January, 1956\nMR. WILLIAM DONALD   _- 16 years in January, 1956\n90\n MISS IRENE WILCOX  16 years in April, 1956\nMRS. LENA IRVING  16 years in April, 1956\nMR. WILLIAM PEPPER    16 years in May, 1956\nMR. HENRY T. ZALA    16 years in July, 1956\nMISS MARY CRAIG    16 years in October, 1956\nMR.  GUILFORD ASKEY  16 years in December, 1956\nAPPENDIX II\nSCHOOL OF NURSING STAFF\u20141956\nDIRECTOR:   Miss Mary L. Richmond\nASSISTANT DIRECTOR NURSING EDUCATION\nMrs. A. T. Ault\nINSTRUCTORS\nMiss \u00a3. Donaldson\nMiss M. Doyle\nMrs. G Duffus\nMiss G Gibson\nMrs. J. Harper\nMiss M. Irving\nMrs. E. Michael\nMiss E. Moir\nMiss M. Moncrieff\nMiss N. Wright\n#   &   it\nDIRECTORS OF NURSING\nMiss Summerfield  1890 (for six months)\nMiss Mowat   1890- 1892\nMiss McMillan  1892- 1899\nMiss J. Grady  1899 - 1901\nMiss E. E. P. Alcorn - _ 1901-1903\nMiss M. G MacDonald .  1903-1913\nMiss Tombie  1913-1914\nMiss J. F. MacKenzie  1914-1927\nMiss A. F. Mitchell (Mrs. Weir)  1927 - 1947\nMiss Lucie P. Woodrow  1947 - 1956\nMiss Mary L. Richmond  1956 -\n91\n APPENDIX III\nThe following prizes and scholarships are offered annually\nin the Training School:\nAWARDS \u20141957\nROBERT S. and PATIENCE DAY MEMORIAL\nSCHOLARSHIP\nProficiency in Bedside Nursing\u2014\nAwarded by the Florence Nightingale Chapter of the I.O.D.E.\nAwarded in memory of Dr. Marion Lindeburgh.\nHighest Aggregate Standing in Examinations\u2014\nAwarded by the British Columbia Cement Company.\nGreatest Promise of Professional Development\u2014\nAwarded by the R.N.A.B.G   (Victoria Chapter)   and the\nCanadian Nurse.\nProficiency in Clinical Specialities\u2014\nmedical nursing\u2014\nAwarded   by  the  Active  Staff  of  the  Department   of\nMedicine.\nSURGICAL NURSING\u2014\nAwarded by the Liberal Women's Forum.\nOBSTETRICAL AND GYNAECOLOGICAL NURSING\u2014\nAwarded   by   the  Active  Staff  of  the  Department  of\nObstetrics and Gynaecology.\nPEDIATRIC NURSING\u2014\nAwarded  by  the  Active   Staff  of  the  Department  of\nPediatrics.\nNURSING DISEASES OF THE EYE\u2014\nAwarded   by  the  Active  Staff  of  the  Department  of\nOphthalmology.\nOPERATING ROOM TECHNIQUE\u2014\nAwarded   by  the  Active  Staff  of  the  Department  of\nSurgery.\nHighest Rating in Tuberculosis Nursing\u2014\nAwarded by the British Columbia Tuberculosis Society.\n92\n Highest Standing in R.N. Examinations of the Past\nYear\u2014\nAwarded by the Board of Directors.\nBURSARIES\nTHE ROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL ALUMNAE BURSARY\nTHE WOMEN'S AUXILIARY \"LENA MITCHELL BURSARY.\"\nTHE JUNIOR AUXILIARY BURSARY.\nAPPENDIX IV\nGraduates of the Royal Jubilee Hospital\nSchool of Nursing\n1892\u2014\nMarie De Bou (Mrs. W. H. Bullock-Webster)\n(dec'd '55)\nMabel Hardie\n1893\u2014\nAgnes Crickmay (Mrs. Curtis)\nRose Anderson\nIsabelle Atkinson (Mrs. Taschereau)\n1895\u2014\nNellie Woodrow\nEdna Stewart (Mrs. Agassiz)\nLaura Purvis (Mrs. Billingshurst)\nEthel Ferris (Mrs. Gillis)\nJessie Grady (Mrs. J. B. Leu)\nH. E. Graves (Mrs. F. J. Nicholson)\n1896\u2014\nMrs. M. Routledge (Mrs. Pike)\nIda Halliday (Mrs. C. F. Moss)\n1897\u2014\nE. Stoddart\nC. Campbell\nB. Allison\nL. Goward (Mrs. C. W. Thornton)\nMarion Hardie\nW. Dockrill\nA. Parson (Mrs. Graham)\n93\n 1898\u2014\nE. DesBrisay\nB. Coppock (Mrs. J. P. Wall)\n1899\u2014\nR.Gordon (Mrs. Llewellyn Jones)\nF. W. Johnson\nMary McKeen (Mrs. A. M. Johnson)\nG. Hadwen (Mrs. Palmer)\nC. Fraser (Mrs. R. B. Boucher)\nSarah Budden\nMrs. O. H. Morley\nMrs. M. Swainson\nSarah McDonald (Mrs. P. Glazier)\n1900\u2014\nMiss Aplin (Mrs. J. A. MacLoud)  (dec'd)\nH. Manley\nM. C. McDonald\nAda McRae\nG. M. Perry (Mrs. McQuiggs)\nMary Beale (Mrs. B. G. Goward)\nEtta Fraser (dec'd)\n1901\u2014\nL. A. Brownrigg (Mrs. R. Cheshrop Janioii)\nJ. Tolmie (dec'd)\nMamie Curtis\nSarah Heany\nA. Lund (Mrs. Baker)\n1902\u2014\nM. M. Black (Mrs. A. C. Janion)\nMary Notter (Mrs. J. Robertson)\nG. H. Newton\nM. Langford\nU. Dickinson (Mrs. Chas. Bunting)\n1903\u2014\nBegg\nM. L. Rankin (dec'd)\nA. Toland (Mrs. W. D. Gordon)\nMrs. Rice\n94\n 1904\u2014\nAnnie M. Smith (dec'd)\nElizabeth Cameron\nMargaret McQuarrie (Mrs. Wilson)\nA. B. Calhoun (Mrs. J. H. Fletcher)  (dec'd)\nAnnie Hamilton\nLaura Miller\nMiss C. Whillans\nMary Dennehy (dec'd)\nJessie Melhuish\n1905\u2014\nGertrude Richards (Mrs. Leon Ladner)\n(Mrs. T. E. Gardner)\nWinifred Child (Mrs. Wylie Johnson)\nConstance Jones\nHarriet Jukes\n1906\u2014\nMaud Schwengers (Mrs. H. A. Youdall)\nC. M. Powell\nGladys Rant (Mrs. Marriott)\nSusie Strickland\nBeatrice Cassidy (Mrs. R. Barbour)\nJean Orr (Mrs. W. T. Williams)\nElizabeth Martin (Mrs. G. Lancaster)\nv Miss Pattinson\n1907\u2014\nLillian Lucas (Mrs. Owen)\nE. J. S. Herbert\nC. A. Baker\nJessie Goldsmith\nJanet Charman (Mrs. J. H. Toynbee)\nJessie McQuarrie (Mrs. D. C. Fraser)\nAlice Carter (dec'd)\nMaude Charman (Mrs. J. Kent)\n1908\u2014 fT^\nKate Smith\nEthel John (Mrs. David Boyd)\nE. Vantreight\nIsa Rankin (Mrs. H. D. Bowler)\nAda Cookson\n95\n Effie Alexander\nH. H. Thompton\nEva Allen (Mrs. David Power)\nConstance Davie (Mrs. Babington)\nMartha Milligan\nMartha Marsden\nNora Burkitt (Mrs. D. A. Rose)\nM. Patton (Mrs. J. E. Sears)\nLaura Percy\nElizabeth Pierce\nHilda Strongren (Mrs. S. A. Murray)\nJean Campbell\n1910\u2014\nLaura Lehrman (Mrs. Wallace)\nMuriel Vaughan (Mrs. Paul)\nMary Dempster (Mrs. Geo. Cook)\nBertaLee (Mrs. L. S. V. York)\nMary Heggie (Mrs. H. Carter)\nMadeline Lloyd (Mrs. F. H. Bowerbank)\nEthel Gardiner (Mrs. Wallace)\nMiss M. A. Carter (Mrs. T. Miller)\n1911\u2014\nDorothy Collis (Mrs. H. A. Hunt)\nMary Archibald\nMamie McDougall (Mrs. Jack Johnston) (dec'd)\nH. J. Mcintosh\nLena Boyd\nC. L. Talbot\nMinnie Gordon\nMiss M. McLean (Mrs. E. D. Todd)\n1912\u2014\nMaude Walker (Mrs. J. P. Bilodreau)\nCharlotte Young (Mrs. F. W. Clayton)  (dec'd)\nEffie Beatty (Mrs. J. B. Anderson)\nWinona Orr (Mrs. A. L. Carruthers)\nMarion Osborne (Mrs. F. Harris)\nHattie Whitfield (Mrs. W. A. Chambers)\nG. Wake (dec'd)\nEthel Cook (Mrs. Cameron)\nMrs. Langford\nC. Young Husband (Mrs. C. Clayton)\n96\n 1913\u2014\nKatherine Little (Mrs. B. D. Gillespie)\nLena Bone (Mrs. A. George) (dec'd)\nEva Shaw\nChristina Mowbray (Mrs. H. S. Wood)\nMargaret Nimmo\nVictoria Richards (Mrs. T. E. Ladner)\nMarion McKenzie (Mrs. Muirhead)\nPhyllis Ashton (Mrs. Guilbride)\nLucy Dewar (Mrs. A. W. Thomas)\nEva Snow\n1914\u2014\nPenelope Mellon (Mrs. G. Chown)\nMargaret Marsden (Mrs. Wm. Ivel) (dec'd)\nMina Hurst\nGladys Carvolth (Mrs. Dr. G. M. Stewart)\nKathleen Wallen (Mrs. G. Burnett)\nMinnie Hopper\nEvelyn Edwards\nMyf anwy Williams\nNora Von Follot (Mrs. Rev. H. Bolton)\nJane Megarry\n1915\u2014\nZeta Clarke\nAlice Thompson\nHazel McDonald (Mrs. Robert Wheeler)\nConstance Drury (Mrs. M. W. Thomas)\nFrancis Frampton\nJoy Croxford\nNancy Bradshaw (Mrs. J. T. Wall)\nMary Mellon (Mrs. Carver)\nMargaret Dennan (Mrs. W. T. Wawley)\nFrancis Paget\nAdene Sutton\n1916\u2014\nSusan Adams (Mrs. R. Taylor)\nElsie Collison\nJessie King (dec'd)\nMarie Shaw (Mrs. Dr. McFarlane)\nEleanor Thompson\nAmy Worsy\n97\n 1917\u2014\nEdith Bailey\nRuth Clinton\nKathleen Cockrill\nJean Denevon (Mrs. T. G. Norris)\nEleanor Dak\nEdith Dowsett (Mrs. R. J. Balcolm)\nEdna Graves\nEllen Holdcroft (Mrs. Lambert)\nPearl Hughes (Mrs. Dr. Pollock)\nEthel Hall\nElla May McKenney (dec'd)\nClover Walker (Mrs. T. Chutter)\nBeatrice Bradshaw\n1918\u2014\nMuriel Anderson (Mrs. Alf Rowbury)\nMaryon Arnold\nLydia Anderson\nThelma Burrows\nLouise Buckley (Mrs. H. C. Jones)\nRosina Comer (Mrs. R. V. Collins)\n(Mrs. R. Fulton)\nEvelyn Gurd\nJean Harrison\nBernice Johnson (Mrs. B. Walls)\nMaude Nason (Mrs. L. M. Dains)\nSybil Parke\nJane Surrey (Mrs. Lancaster)\nJuanita Sears\n1919\u2014\nE. Bray\nAmy M. Boyce\nWinnifred Ehlers (Mrs. H. Keighley)\nClara Gothard (Mrs. Lowe)\nGeorgina Hume (Mrs. Charles L. Sandes)\nEmily Hobbs (Mrs. E. Harwood)\nIda Merson\nMargaret Miller (Mrs. A. B. Fraser)\nAmecia Wilson\n98-\n 1920\u2014\nV. Bengston\nMargaret Bowman (Mrs. E. L. Olson)  (dec'd)\nMaude Christie\nKathleen Flood (Mrs. A. A. Watt)\nMargaret Griffin\nMildred Gibson (Mrs. E. H. Crawford)\nMarjorie Hambly\nMuriel Harman\nMiss Mary R. Henderson\nImogen Warren (Mrs. Harold Hummell)\nKathleen Jones (Mrs. Forrest)  (Mrs. D. M. Walls)\nMarion Wismer (Mrs. M. Mclver)\nBlanche Killan (Mrs. Chase)\nBarbara Pollard (Mrs. G. W. Duncan)\nIsabel Smith (Mrs. David Hill)\nDora Trill\nMay Wood\n1921\u2014\nChristine Allan (dec'd)\nWinnifred Bellhouse (Mrs. Spalding)\nMadge Cruise (dec'd)\nCaroline Fowler (Mrs. E. R. Cooley)\nGertrude James (Mrs. E.Symms)\nMaude Mirfield\nAline K. Mackay\nEthel Newman\nRose C. Nye\nCharlotte Ringrose\nAimie Ryan\nRose Tranfield (dec'd)\nEthel Rhodes (Mrs. Dovey)\nPatterson (Mrs. Baynes)\n Mary Miller (Mrs. Howard Willis)\nFlora Rothnie (Mrs. Rochfort)  (dec'd)\nMary Stirling\nKathleen Wright (Mrs. James Mullard)\nMary Ehlers\n1923\u2014\nPhyllis Bellamy (Mrs. I. Brake)\nBertha Bailey (Mrs. B. Sweat)\nNona Ferneau (Mrs. H. Payne)\nFlorence Fullerton (Mrs. A. Dowell)  (dec'd)\nKathleen Holland (Mrs. James Strang)\nRose Jones (Mrs. W. W. Hobby)\nOlive Le Marquand (Mrs. J. Shearer)\nRosamund Mundy (Mrs. M. Shepherd)\nAnn M. Wright (Mrs. L. B. Eastman)\nSue Wright (Mrs. A. Henderson)\nIvy Graham\nVictoria M. Kelly (Mrs. A. V. Clarke)\nHazel Cook (Mrs. John Russell)\nLaura Cummins\nJessie Penzer\nDorothy Frampton\n1924\u2014\nDorothy Blythe (Mrs. E. Lamb)\nAnne Clothier (Mrs. Andrew)\nDoris Coulter (Mrs. Alf. Jones)\nGrace Curran (Mrs. A. Campbell)\nFlorence Dunnett (Mrs. M. Cereghino)\nMildred Edwards (Mrs. M. McKay)\nOlga Garrioch (Mrs. T. Simpson)\nMabel Head (Mrs. M. Pearson)\nAgnes Kingham (Mrs. F. Logan)\nPhoebe McCrea\nVelma Miller (Mrs. Charles Burr)\nHilda Murray (Mrs. A. H. Jebb)\nOsborne-Jones (Mrs. J. Coles)\nZetta Potter (Mrs. Lockwood)\nMary Purdy (Mrs. C. Hay)\nGladys M. Ridley (Mrs. M. Trerise)\nRosemary Smith\nJean Torrance (Mrs. J. Jarvie)\n100\n 1925\u2014\nMargaret Aikenhead (Mrs. Irvena)\nHenrietta Blachford\nCatherine Ferrier (Mrs. Litchfield)\nElizabeth Joyce (Mrs. John G. Hay)\nHelen Legge-Willis\nEleanor Looseley (Mrs. Turpel)\nElizabeth Maxwell (dec'd)\nHelen McQueen\nMadeline Parke (Mrs. Knight)\nHilda Restall (Mrs. E. H. Emery)\nGertrude Rowsall (Mrs. George Johnson)\nMabel Rhodes (Mrs. Sterry)  (dec'd)\nFrances Sheepwash (Mrs. Martin)\nJean Shenfield (Mrs. Atkinson)\nIrene Smith (Mrs. DeJong)\nKathleen Snowden (Mrs. C. R. Adams)\nDorothy Taylor\n1926\u2014\nElizabeth Brown\nDoris Burrows\nMargaret Bunbury (Mrs. Linkins)\nMaureen Carley (Mrs. H. C. Hartshorne)\nLilian Darke (Mrs. G. E. Pedder)\nKathleen Dickinson (Mrs. Charles Jansson\nEdith Gilman (Mrs. Ray Blashfield)  (dec'd)\nEileen Gray (Mrs. Hooper) (dec'd)\nMargaret Henderson (Mrs. R. Savery)\nEdna Knowles (Mrs. G. E. Graham)\nFlorence McNolty (Mrs. F. McLeod)\nAlma B. Mathews (Mrs. F. Ivings)\nAnnie L. Mobley (Mrs. Stanton)  (dec'd)\nElla Morrison (Mrs. W. O. Ellis)  (dec'd)\nKathleen Morrison (Mrs. R. E. Jensen)\nSelma Peterson (Mrs. W. Hodgson)\nLilly E. Pinder (Mrs. Drake)\nVera H. Ross\nAmy Smith (Mrs. J. Cooper)\nNora O. Spencer\nLucy J. Whiteside (Mrs. Austin Reece)\n101\n 1927\u2014\nBlanche Cooley\nLillian Dicken (Mrs. Hogan)  (dec'd)\nFern Donaldson (Mrs. Smith)\nNora Drought (Mrs. Featherstonaugh)\nSarah Ellis (Mrs. D. MacLoud)\nEdmee Erickson\nAgnes Fraser (Mrs. Rogers)\nMargaret Glover (Mrs. Mathews)\nEdith Green (Mrs. Bergaw)\nEdith HinchclifFe\nJennie Hocking\nElizabeth Innes\nBessie M. Jones\nHazel Jones (Mrs. J. W. Love)\nElizabeth Kent (Mrs. Stanley)\nIrma Knowlton (Mrs. G. Henderson)\nMargaret Liebscher\nMargaret Mitchell (Mrs. Maclean)\nLaurie McCall (Mrs. H. Pattinson)\nCatherine McKenzie (Mrs. E. Showers)\nMayMcLeod (dec'd)\nViola NerT (Mrs. V. M. Vert)\nMaudie Parker (Mrs. M. E. Pearmain)\nJean Patterson (Mrs. P. R. M. Wallis)\nEthel Phinney (Mrs. Vernon Ridgway)\nMabel Plumb (Mrs. E. Cullum)\nNovaart Saunders (Mrs. J. McCormick)\nHazel Shumway (Mrs. E. Anderson)\nFlorence Slade\nGrace Temple (Mrs. W. R. Lane)\nFrances Thompson (Mrs. D. Leach)\nNora Thompson\nViolet Towgood (Mrs. Sturgeon)\nMina Walbaum (Mrs. H. White)\nEunice Whiteside (Mrs. E. Albers)\nJoan Wilson (Mrs. C. P. Chaston)\nKathleen Yates (Mrs. Boulton)\n102\n 1928\u2014\nGertrude Arkell (Mrs. W. Sheepwash)\nThelma Attewell\nMuriel Banfield (Mrs. H. Reid)\nMargaret P. Barbour\nHilda Butterfield\nGladys Carthew (Mrs. H. Mooney)\nBessie Chell (Mrs. McGinnis)\nLorna M. Coburn (Mrs. N. Collison)\nEmma Collett (Mrs. Parkington)\nDiana Crystal\nGrace Elford (Mrs. W. A. Welland)\nEdith L. Glen (Mrs. Linn)\nMarjorie Grant (Mrs. J. Macdonald)\nMildred Garner (Mrs. Cecil Gregory)\nMary Hardy (Mrs. C. W. Gregory)\nDora Heap\nElizabeth Higgs (Mrs. R. M. Jones)\nMabelle Hopkins (Mrs. V. Johnson)\nDoris E. Jerome\nElsie I. Kenny (Mrs. Smith)\nMayford Kerr (Mrs. D. Cavave)\nCatherine Lang\nIris Lee (Mrs. A. H. Stokes)\nBertha Montague (Mrs. T. Little)\nMarjorie Morrison (Mrs. Currie)\nChristine Murray (Mrs. Wyley Grant)\nM. L. McComb (Mrs. W. Gutteridge)\nElsie McDonald (Mrs. R. E. Owen)\nEvelyn McFarlane (Mrs. G. R. Newell)\nR. Kathleen Neild (Mrs. D. L. Sanborn)\nKathleen E. Oliver (Mrs. A. W. Aylard)\nAudrey Payne (Mrs. Pollard)\nNetta Parfitt (Mrs. N. Harwood)\nHilda Pelly (Mrs. F. Robertson)\nAudrey L. Price\nConstance Ross (Mrs. Onit)\nEvelyn R. Ross (Mrs. R. McFarlane)\nN. Ross (Mrs. Heron)\nWinnifred Sheepwash (Mrs. Martin)\nIris K. Stewart\n103\n 1929\u2014\nCatherine E. Albutt (Mrs. J. S. Adam)\nSelina Dorothy Andrew\nEva M. Ballard (Mrs. H. Roy)\nFlorence V. Bell (Mrs. E. R. Penty)\nM. I. Blakeman (Mrs. Booth)\nJ. M. Blewett (Mrs. Watson)\nN. Bonar (Mrs. Ralph Garland)\nD. M. Brown (Mrs. J. C. Sharp)\nVera Brown (Mrs. V. E. Fisk)\nH. R. Burton (Mrs. C. W. Cole)\nL. Carmichael (Mrs. L. Ballard)\nM. Carmichael\nE. M. Carruthers (Mrs. C. Rendle)\nA. Clarkson (Mrs. Lowe)\nV. B. Curran (Mrs. C. F. Ramsay)\nAnn Davies (Mrs. A. Prieswerk)\nlima Davies (Mrs. H. L. Jorgensen)\nE. R. Densham (Mrs. Hellyer)\nW. F. G. Ede (Mrs. Walter Fletcher)\nD. L. Elford (Mrs. Travers Custance)\nM. E. Gavin (Mrs. J. Connell)\nL. J. Halliday (Mrs. L. Duggan)\nE. M. Hambleton (Mrs. Lockwood)\nFrances M. Johnson (Mrs. Wrinch)\nEva Johnson (Mrs. Doumont)\nF. Johnson\nM. Pelly (Mrs. J. Donovan)\nH. M. Rendall (Mrs. Bennie)\nE. C. Sewell (Mrs. Hurst)\nMargaret Thompson (Mrs. F. A. Bell)\nK. Tingle (Mrs. William S. Ellis)\nK. Watson\nHelen Whiteley (Mrs. H. Timson)\nFrances E. Winter (Mrs. F. Penman)\nR. A. Wrinch (Mrs. J. Dunlop)\nKing, M. K.\nFrances L. Lamb (Mrs. C. Connorton)\nD. P. Langdon (Mrs. Harte)\nM. M. Marlatt (dec'd)\nJ. Marshall (Mrs. H. Jones)\nE. Phyllis Mason (Mrs. T. E. Watkins)\n104\n G. MacDonald (Mrs. R. E. Owen)\nMyrtle McDougall (Mrs. W. Nicholson)\nM. L. Mcintosh (Mrs. Naylor)\nM. J. McKay\nL. McLachlan (Mrs. C. Bleasdale)\nH. F. Paull (Mrs. G. R. Guillemaude)\n1930\u2014March\nVera Anderson (Mrs. R. C. Sparks)\nKathleen Boyd (Mrs. J. Crawshaw)\nGrace Bremner (Mrs. G. Messer)\nBetty Bryden (Mrs. Clelland)\nGwen Clements\nEdna Fairhurst (Mrs. R. P. Hawkes)\nDoe Freethy (Mrs. A. D. McPhillips)\nKathleen Giles (Mrs. D. McNaughton)\nJessie Grant (Mrs. R. Stokes)\nMadeline Gregson (Mrs. W. E. Burnett)\nMaisie Hartley (Mrs. D. Harrison)  (dec'd)\nRosamund Laidman\nGrace McDonald (Mrs. C. Belcher)\nJoy Pearse (Mrs. H. W. Riggs)\nJean Randall\nEthel Shaw (dec'd)\nDorothy Todd (Mrs. F. H. Partridge)\nHelen Warren (Mrs. Carter)\nAlice Webster (Mrs. W. Jordan)\n1930\u2014September\nHelen Archer (dec'd)\nSybil Archibald (Mrs. G. Bennett)\nIris Beck (Mrs. E. Jappe)\nThelma Birthey (Mrs. A. F. Rose)\nNellie Bowman (Mrs. Newton Ash)\nConnie Boyd (Mrs. J. Stewart)\nEsme Chennels (Mrs. Cole)\nAlice Dyke (Mrs. Mitchell)\nEvelyn Eller (Mrs. Matson)\nBertha Ford (Mrs. J. Rosewarn)\nElsie Gregson (Mrs. R. Torrance)\nGrace Grossman (Mrs. W. Hawkes)\nMary Hallas (Mrs. J. Stobart)\nDorothy Head (Mrs. E. Burgess)\nLilian Johnson (Mrs. C. Smith)\n105\n Sybil Keeler (Mrs. L. Gustafson)\nMolly McDiarmid (Mrs. M. McLaren)\nAgnes Mclnnes (Mrs. C. N. Good)\nFrances Moore (Mrs. A. Thompson)\nJean Moore (Mrs. G. Bothwell)\nElsie Rose\nElla Siteman (Mrs. J. Brown)\nEileen Snowden (Mrs. D. Ramsey)\nViolet Stewart\nRose Townsend (Mrs. W. Dron)\nMyrtle Walden (Mrs. Nesbitt)\nIsabelle Walton (Mrs. J. Younge)\nM. N. Whitehouse (Mrs. D. M. McPherson)\nEtta Young (Mrs. H. J. Thorburn)\n1931\u2014March\nE. Crichton (Mrs. N. King)\nMargaret Green\nDorothy Hargreaves (Mrs. A. K. Hughes)\nElla Harman (Mrs. A. Stewart)\nIrene Helgeson (Mrs. Storch)\nRae Kirkendale (Mrs. L. Heseltine)\nThelma Lawrence (Mrs. Plant)\nMadeline Main\nKathleen Oatway (Mrs. Darters)\nAda Parker\nLilian Parker (Mrs. R. W. Scott)\nMaud Parker (Mrs. D. Pearmain)\nRuth Price (Mrs. G. Prowse)\nEthel Steeves (Mrs. E. Hall)\n1931\u2014September\nDora Boyd-Wallis\nMabel Brown (Mrs. G. A. S. Townesend)\nDorothy Cuff\nMary Cartwright (Mrs. Clark)\nM. Louise Crandlemire (Mrs. Halksworth)\nZella Dawson (Mrs. H. P. Hall)\nVerena DeBlaquiere (Mrs. R. W. Bailey)\nMargaret Dickson\nEnid P. Donnelly (Mrs. G. Mead^-Robins)\nVera Freeman\nKathleen Haynes\nMarion Head (Mrs. F. Ramsey)  (dec'd)\n106\n Dorothy Hicks (Mrs. Ogburn)\nEvelyn Jones (Mrs. P. Miller)\nGeorgina Paterson (Mrs. MacQueen)\nBeatrice Robson\nGladys Ray\nDoris Ross\nMargaret Sanderson (Mrs. T. Messenger)\nFlorence Scott\nNina Schrieber (Mrs. J. Ferguson)\nMargaret Scroggie (Mrs. McDonald)\nEva Stender (Mrs. H. F. Fyles)\nDorothy Stewart\nKathleen Strang\nMargaret Wilson (Mrs. T. F. Dore)\n1932\u2014March\nLinea Blomberg (Mrs. H. Duke)\nMargaret Burtch (Mrs. P. N. A. Smith)\nMary Clements (Mrs. L. Conyers)\nJoyce Collett (Mrs. J. Brooke)\nMary Summings (Mrs. Wood)\nEdith Cunningham (Mrs. H. Down)\nEleanor Dempsey (Mrs. H. Morey)\nInez Facey\nMargaret Field (Mrs. W. Nevin)\nEva Moody\nKathleen Moore (Mrs. W. Tucker)\nEvangeline Pease (Mrs. P. Bowen-Colthurst)\nGwen Smith (Mrs. H. W. Sparks)\nElizabeth Taylor (Mrs. E. V. Bushkirk)\nWinnifred Travis (Mrs. W. Hahn)\nJessie Stelmock (Mrs. Parker-Fenton)\nMildred Wilson (Mrs. J. Eckersley)\n1932\u2014September\nMaude Ault (Mrs. Flinton)\nGrace Beech (Mrs. G. Dennis)\nJean Blake (Mrs. J. McKenzie)\nElizabeth Braund\nMarie Lenore Chase (Mrs. A. Leger)\nMary Clarke\nFlorence Ferguson\n107\n Isobel Goward (Mrs. Winter)\nBarbara Grant (Mrs. J. Calnan)\nDorothy Green (Mrs. P. Turgoose)\nMildred Laidlaw (Mrs. E. Tait)\nMaude Laity (Mrs. Ryall)\nDoris Lee\nViolet Porter (Mrs. W. Mitchell)\nJean Richardson (Mrs. C. Reid)\nEdna Rossiter\nEleanor Schroeder (Mrs. L. Smith)\nJean Stewart (Mrs. F. Bonnell)\nConstance Todd (Mrs. J. W. Stephen)\nNaeta Waind (Mrs. Cockburn)\nAnna Williams\nRuth Young (Mrs. Naylen)\n1933\u2014March\nEvelyn Armstrong (Mrs. W. Lambert)\nHelen Baillies (Mrs. J. Mitchell)\nEsabel Blythe (Mrs. Ross Tapp)\nMae Cather (Mrs. P. E. Girling)\nMargaret Dale (Mrs. A. Scholes)\nWinnifred Fairweather (Mrs. W. Price)\nLydia Feikert (Mrs. C. Farrant)  (dec'd)\nMary James (Mrs. L. Lemm)\nMarjorie Knight (Mrs. B. McMillan)\nPatricia Lewis (dec'd)\nFreida Lowe (Mrs. Wilson)\nDorothy Lucas (Mrs. G. McCann)\nMarjorie Marshall (Mrs. C. Allen)\nKathleen Muckle (Mrs. F. Oliver)\nVera Oatway (Mrs. C. F. M. Guernsey)\nJoyce Plant (Mrs. G. J. Dubuc)\nMary Port way (Mrs. Broderick)\nAgnes Robertson\nJessie Rothnie\nJoan Russell\nLillian Starke (Mrs. Ken McKenzie)\nAnna K. Williams\nJane Wilson (Mrs. G. Wilmot)\n108\n 1933\u2014September\nGladys Beech\nCecily Cox\nCecily Dack (Mrs. C. Tannock)\nMary Downing (dec'd)\nMarjorie Fraser (Mrs. Pimm)\nClare Hay den (Mrs. Wilkinson)\nMarie Hemmingson (Mrs. G. Tomlin)\nDorothy Hornibrooke\nGertrude Little\nSybil McQuinn (Mrs. C. L. Sutton)\nIda MofFatt (Mrs. W. H. Greany)\nMargaret Morrison (Mrs. H. Rankin)\nFrances Robertson\nFlora Thompson (Mrs. F. Hedley)\nEvelyn Toynbee (Mrs. J. Lamb)\nHarriet Iris Turpel (Mrs. H. Draper)\nBeatrice Weller\nMaud Ault\nHarriet Brawn\n1934\u2014March\nCarol Cockell (Mrs. C. J. Robertson)\nLois Cockell (Mrs. R. Ryves)\nBarbara Cornwall (Mrs. J. M. Arnold)\nIsabel Donald (Mrs. J. Watson)\nNoreen Donnelly (Mrs. F. Christensen)\nViolet Helgeson (Mrs. R. S. L. Good)\nVirginia Hembury (Mrs. C. Gates)\nLoris Hibberson (Mrs. E. Haywood-Farmer)\nEdith Hood (Mrs. W. G. Brown)\nEtta Hood (Mrs. D. J. Butler)\nMargaret Johnston (Mrs. Earle)\nLucille Malkin (Mrs. T. W. S. Parsons)\nFrances Mollett\nMary Nelson (Mrs. R. J. Weir)\nMary Gwen Rooke (Mrs. J. Currie)\nFlorence Dowker Smith (Mrs. A. F. H. Gordon)\nMary Thompson (Mrs. W. Cuzner)\nJulia Tymich (Mrs. W. C. Jones)\nDorothy Watson (Mrs. D. MacLeavy)\nAnnie Welch (Mrs. R. Sewell)\nEvelyn Williamson (Mrs. D. Tobitt)\n109\n 1934\u2014September\nGrace Baker (Mrs. Murgatroyd)\nElizabeth Blanchet (Mrs. Gilzean)\nEvelyn Bland (Mrs. R. O. Wilson)\nPearl Gray (Mrs. F. Hall)\nMargaret Hope Hewett (Mrs. W. Parker)\nElizabeth Hickman (Mrs. Thornet)\nReta Jenkins (Mrs. B. English)\nGretchen Johnson (Mrs. R. Angus)\nViolet A. Johnstone (Mrs. J. Valentine)\nEffie Mitchell\nTilda Noble (Mrs. E. McDonald)\nLillian Porter\nAnn Stratton (Mrs. B. T. H. Marteinsson)\nMarjorie Thomas\nMargaret Wallbank (Mrs. Morrison)\nEileen Welch (Mrs. W. Bowman)\n1935\u2014March\nRuth Bailey (Mrs. R. Laird)\nHughie Bowden (Mrs. T. C. Harold)\nMary Campbell (Mrs. R. Fears)\nMarion Cochrane\nMary Davis (Mrs. B. Humphries)\nEdith Edwards (Mrs. Tweedy)\nHelen Gould (Mrs. F. H. Gregory)\nHazel Knight\nMadeline Matson\nJean Murray (Mrs. R. Hilton)\nMargaret Plunkett\nMargaret Shaw\nInez Simmons (Mrs. V. E. Munson)\nMargaret Smith (Mrs. B. B. BufTam)\n1935\u2014September\nEva Alexander\nJohanna M. Coutts (Mrs. J. M. Dawlings)\nMargaret J. Coutts\nConstance Hellier (Mrs. R. Knechtel)\nDorothy Ingram (Mrs. D. Carey)\nHallet Norris (Mrs. F. Sparks)\nEleanor Roos (Mrs. W. Huxtable)\nDorothy Saunders\n110\n 1936\u2014January ;^|?\nLouisa A. Cochrane (Mrs. W. Tompkinson)\nEileen R. Conway (Mrs. L. Bassett)\nElizabeth Copeland (Mrs. E. Merrick)\nBessie Harris\nSylvia Hulton-Harrop (Mrs. D. A. Neale)\nHonora S. Porritt\nCharlotte McClusky (Mrs. D. Smith)\nJean May (Mrs. F. Stokes)\nMadeline Megaw\nMary M. Reid (Mrs. R. Godtel)\nMiriam Ryall (Mrs. W. Oliver)\nDoreen Shute (Mrs. R. Gravlin)\n1936\u2014September\nDorothea Baker (Mrs. K. Savory)\nMargaret Bawden (Mrs. A. Allan)\nEleanor Bradley\nAlvera Bruhn (Mrs. A. Patterson)\nDoris Carter\nKathleen Duncan (Mrs. E. Jacques)\nPhyllis Edwards (Mrs. T. Milliken)\nUna Fawcett (Mrs. A. Meynell)\nCatherine Ferguson (Mrs. B. T. Dunham)\nMary Gamon (Mrs. B. Burke)\nCatherine MacArthur (Mrs. C. G. Daniel)\nMargaret MacKenzie (Mrs. M. Blake)\nEloise Manuel (Mrs. H. LeRoy)\nKathleen Morrison (Mrs. T. C. Anderson)\nBarbara Player (Mrs. D. Scott)\nIda Sharpies\nBarbara Strickland (Mrs. W. Hesson)\nGrace Walton (Mrs. I. MacDonald)\nEileen West (Mrs. C. McLean)\nVivienne Wood (Mrs. N. P. McConnell)\n1937\u2014March\nMargaret Both (Mrs. A. D. McMillin)\nDorothy Boughton (Mrs. O. Lodge)\nMargaret Brindle (Mrs. Ostiguy)\nMary Campbell (Mrs. O. Weiler)\nMyrtle Collingwood\nFlorence Edwards (Mrs. Robinson)\nMyra Edwards (Mrs. R. B. Van Home)\n111\n Noel Fenton (Mrs. I. Donaldson)\nMargaret Fletcher\nAlice Heron\nNora Keeler (Mrs. W. Ords)\nHelen Latornell (Mrs. O. H. Wood)\nMarjorie M. McDougall (Mrs. L. Topley)  (dec'd)\nHelene McLeod (Mrs. A. Hopfe)\nDorothy McNaughton (Mrs. B. G. Howland)\nMary McRae (Mrs. R. Morley)\nEileen Morton\nMuriel Smith (Mrs. J. Crooks)\nOlive Wilson\n1937\u2014September\nEdna Anderson (Mrs. D. Pite)\nDorothy Bird (Mrs. R. Thorstenson)\nMarjorie Jean Boyes\nJean Brown (Mrs. B. Nellis)\nHelen Bruels (Mrs. R. Schuster)\nFlora Fairweather (Mrs. C. Tingley)\nMarion Ferry (Mrs. J. Farewell)\nKatherine Goward (Mrs. R. Eyles)\nElizabeth Grimes (Mrs. F. Benton)\nJeanne Groos (Mrs. T. W. Walker)\nEthel J. Hooper (dec'd)\nMuriel Jeffers (Mrs. D. A. Webster)\nMargaret Kerr (Mrs. H. Duncan)\nBertha Krull\nRose Lee (Mrs. W. Blackett)\nBertha M. Lind (Mrs. J. B. Roberts)\nInez Milne\nNorma Plante (Mrs. M. Lunn)\nElizabeth Putnam (Mrs. A. S. Yelland)\nNoreen Robbins\nJean Rosevear (Mrs. V. Sudlow)\nEffie Smallwood\n1938\u2014March\nVelma Anderson (Mrs. A. E. Acres)\nGladys Abbott (Mrs. Emil Dey)\nMary E. Burton (Mrs. M. E. Stephens)\nAnnie Daniels (dec'd)\nDorothy Doumont\nLeila P. Downing (Mrs. Ross Craig)\n112\n Catherine Hay ward\nHazel I. Johnson (Mrs. F. S. Taylor)\nFlorence Kenmuir (Mrs. J. A. Roberts)\nNina M. Martin (Mrs. C. Ames)\nKathleen E. Mohr (Mrs. W, Ross)  (dec'd)\nMae J. Montague (Mrs. G. Hood)\nEdna M. Murphy (Mrs. A. Langill)\nKathleen Oakley (Mrs. J. Earle)\nRosemary L. Stone (Mrs. H. Harrison)\nJoyce M. Taylor (Mrs. H. L. McManus)\nPauline Wunsch (Mrs. P. Henderson)\n1938\u2014September\nElizabeth Branch\nJeanne E. Collard (Mrs. J. McAllister)\nMargaret Egerton\nMildred Egg (Mrs. R. Wilson)\nLouise R. Ferrero (Mrs. W. D. Evans)\nMary Irving\nVerena A. J. James (Mrs. G. Ford)\nMary Jellis (Mrs. J. A. McCague)\nWithelmina Lantinga\nDr. Mary P. Leith\nGertrude J. Montague (Mrs. R. Butler)\nJean D. Morrison (Mrs. C. Passmore)\nBeatrice Staples (Mrs. E. MacGrath)\nKathleen Stevens (Mrs. W. Davenport)\nEvelyn G. Teir\nDorothy Van (Mrs. H. Gonder)\nVan Steinberg (Mrs. A. Broadley)\nFrances Wheeler (Mrs. M. A. Martin)\nDoris Williams (Mrs. B. Rebagliatti)\nIrene E. Wyatt (Mrs. E. Lalonde)\n1939\u2014February\nFreda Arsens\nViolet Bradley (Mrs. F. K. Martindale)\nMary Carter\nRuth Coleman\nFrances Dick (Mrs. B. Hendricks)\nMargaret Dobson\nJoan Evans (Mrs. Clarke)\nEthel Ellis (Mrs. R. M. James)\nDoreen Douglas Hamilton (Mrs. A. O. Davidson)\n113\n Zoe Harmon\nHazel Jack (Mrs. K. Semple)\nMabel MacKenzie (Mrs. T. M. Hyslop)  (dec'd)\nGladys Mercer (Mrs. R. Sutton)\nNadine More (Mrs. W. Auld)\nMary Reynolds (Mrs. E. G. Barton)\nEdna Scoble (Mrs. Avendon)\nJoan Stroud (Mrs. G. Murtagh)\nPearl Taylor (Mrs. F. R. Moore)\nMargaret Toynbee (Mrs. J. L. Greig)\nGrace Uhrich\nAnnie Waites\nMargaret Yager\n1939\u2014September\nPatricia Adams (Mrs. R. W. Draney)\nMary Alexander (Mrs. J. S. Boorman)\nMarshie Alexander (Mrs. G. McCall)\nWendy Benson\nMargaret Campbell\nPatricia Campbell (Mrs. C. Van Home)\nLorna M. Colwell (Mrs. E. Allen)\nLouise Colwell (Mrs. V. V. Marnell)\nLena Fraser (Mrs. J. Buckham)\nMarion Fraser (Mrs. G. McNaught)\nGwen Gardiner (Mrs. R. O. Shaw)\nMargaret Hewson (Mrs. J. K. McKenzie)\nHelen Keyworth (dec'd)\nJoyce Laurie (Mrs. B. G. Harvey)\nMadeline Lord (Mrs. Davies)  (dec'd)\nMargaret Lowe (Mrs. M. Hoffmeister)\nGrace Mayhew (Mrs. T. W. Cotton)\nMargaret Miller (Mrs. Home)\nChristine Molberg (Mrs. A. E. Storey)\nDorothy J. McKay (Mrs. H. Jones)\nFlorence McKay (Mrs. Haggstrom)\nAlice Pidcock (Mrs. G. Dunlop)\nKathleen Powell (Mrs. W. J. Rumple)\nLois Patterson (Mrs. A. Phillips)\nEva Smith (Mrs. A. McAllister)\nPhyllis Wood (Mrs. D. J. Hunter)\n114\n 1940\u2014February\nMary Bryden\nDorothy Chambers (Mrs. W. Gussa)\nMarjorie Crane (Mrs. K. Ross)\nElla Fast (Mrs. W. Yardley)\nHelen Frame (Mrs. D. Hall)\nJoyce Goggin (Mrs. O. Nicholls)\nMary Hamilton\nMargaret Hunter (Mrs. Cuche)\nPhyllis Jones (Mrs. L. Beamish)\nMuriel E. Kipp (Mrs. G. Thompson)\nDoris Latornell\nBertha Maher (Mrs. M. Gow)\nPhyllis Mercer (Mrs. P. G. Roberts)\nSheila Murray (Mrs. H. Cleland)\nAnne Smallwood (Mrs. J. Alsop)\nKathleen Skidmore (Mrs. H. K. Ward)\nMarie Walker (Mrs. M. Ryan)\nVirginia Walker (Mrs. E. S. L. Jones)\n1940\u2014September\nMary Atkinson (Mrs. E. Rice)\nMary E. Adamson (Mrs. Johnson)\nGladys Berndt\nBella E. Black (Mrs. G. Allester)\nViolet Cantwell\nEileen Cornwall (Mrs. G. Harris)\nEvelyn Christopherson (Mrs. A. Holloway)\nDorothy Chappell (Mrs. D. C. Cameron)\nMargaret K. Clark (Mrs. H. J. Williams)\nMuriel Fowler (Mrs. R. Thorne)\nPhyllis Gray\nVernice Hall (Mrs. J. A. Rockwell)\nMargith Johnson (Mrs. Fishley)\nCatherine Junget (Mrs. T. O. McLaren)\nBeth Ludditt (Mrs. R. Fosker)\nHazel Leeson (Mrs. D. Gazeley)\nEthelwyn Mackie (Mrs. J. Lee)\nGertrude Martin (Mrs. C. Stoll)\nBernice Miller (Mrs. F. Hatcher)\nIsobel McLean\nEllen Northcott (Mrs. P. Lund)\nMuriel Oatway (Mrs. Sewell)\n115\n Margaret Stevens (Mrs. J. Mitchell)\nAda Williamson (Mrs. M. Peeke-Vout)\n1941\u2014January\nJoan I. Anderson\nLilian Castley\nMildred Farrow (Mrs. J. Wilson)\nDoreen Gifford (Mrs. A. Park)\nIrene Grodski\nFaith Hodgson\nKathleen Houston (Mrs. R. Sangster)\nRuth Kennedy (Mrs. J. Rowlatt)\nMarion Livland (Mrs. A. Hohlt)\nMargarette Martin\nHelen Miller\nCatherine Meiklejohn (Mrs. C. Sutton)\nMona McMahon\nMary McMillin\nRowena McNeely\nHilda Pearson (Mrs. H. Jensen)\nJessie Reynolds (Mrs. Black)\nJean Saunderson\nHelen Stewart (Mrs. T. M. Cummings)\nCarole Strankman (Mrs. A. Alexander)\nLucille Witsch (Mrs. P. Karpan)\n1941\u2014September\nViolet Berry (Mrs. S. Hiscock)\nMargaret Bolton (Mrs. N. MacGregor)\nMarion Bray (Mrs. Gar well)\nBarbara Bryson\nGladys Foster (Mrs. P. Kime)\nAnne Frijouf\nStella Johnson (Mrs. B. C. Ludditt)\nNell Koester (Mrs. D. H. Slimmon)\nEthel Laing\nLois Lord (Mrs. P. Gottseleig)\nDoris Manning (Mrs. E. Barton)\nThelma Meiss (Mrs. J. Randall)\nJean MacKay\nPhyllis M. Parkes (Mrs. J. Piddington)\nMarion Plumb (Mrs. C. P. Comerford)\nJune Plummer (Mrs. N. Newton)\nBetty Rae (Mrs. J. Hewison)\n116\n Mary Rutherford (Mrs. W. Myrfield)\nLorraine Smith (Mrs. E. Gargett)\nMarion E. Thompson (Mrs. J. Davies)\nRosamund Turner (Mrs. W. Watson)\nViolet Waterworth (Mrs. T. Tarns)\nRoxie Wilson\n1942\u2014January\nMarcia J. Aitkens\nMary Empey (Mrs. Kerr)\nElizabeth Esau\nLorraine Ferguson\nElizabeth M. Greig (Mrs. Harrison)\nPearl Hamilton\nHelen Henderson (Mrs. R. J. Cotter)\nFlorence Johnson (Mrs. Hughes)\nMary Keller\nIrene Knight (Mrs. Logan)\nChristine Lahmer (Mrs. Taran)\nMargaret Leighton\nShirley Main\nJean Miller (Mrs. M. L. Shore)\nMargueritte McNevan (Mrs. J. B. Price)\nHazel O'Rourke (Mrs. H. Miller)\nDoreen Pendray\nHilda Richardson (Mrs. H. Ryttersgaard)\nMargaret Sansum (Mrs. Booth)\nConstance Stephens (Mrs. Sherwood)\nSybil A. Stuart\nDiana M. Phillip (Mrs. R. Hayes)\n1942\u2014September\nWilma Ambrose (Mrs. Morrison)\nRosemary Bradley-Dyne (Mrs. G. M. Owen)\nIsabel Finlayson (Mrs. E. Trudgett)\nPauline Gibbs\nShirley Gooding\nJanet Grimes (Mrs, J. Laidlaw)\nLenore Lamb\nMaxine Llewellyn\nElizabeth Mackie\nNina Mossman (Mrs. R. F. Kump)\nAudrey Morrison)\nMarion McLeod (Mrs. D. Shepherd)\n117\n Barbara Logan\nBeatrice E. Nivin\nIrene O'Brien (Mrs. G. Jackson)\nHelen Putnam (Mrs. D. S. Serl)\nMargaret Roberts (Mrs. G. Davies)\nRuth Umbrite (Mrs. M. A. Bird)\nJessie E. Watt\nMuriel Wright (Mrs. D. McLean)\nDoreen O. Wymen (Mrs. F. Gebhard)\nElla Yates (Mrs. E. McDonald)\n1943\u2014January\nMarjorie Allen (Mrs. M. Allen)\nIda Bates\nNancy Brookes (Mrs. L. McKay)\nAlice Copeland\nAnna-Britt Christianson (Mrs. W. E. McKechnie)\nEdna Donaldson\nMargaret Fuller (Mrs. G. Smith)\nVivian Gott (Mrs. Burket)\nHelen M. Harrigan (Mrs. K. Peters)\nEffiie Hughes\nGladys Jones (Mrs. Brimhall)\nMarjorie Lantinga (Mrs. D. A. Mulcahy)\nMargaret J. Mathews\nMadeline Murdoch (Mrs. G. Arsens)\nIrma Lamb\nElizabeth Lehmann (Mrs. J. Toran)\nRuth Parham (Mrs. Sibbald)\nElizabeth Peters (Mrs. E. Smith)\nMarion Putnam (Mrs. D. H. Bray)\nBarbara Rintoul\nJoan Sansum (Mrs. Richards)\nPauline Wright\n1943\u2014September\nThelma J. Alexander\nMargaret Agnew\nGertrude Boorman (Mrs. J. Ritz)\nVivian G. Denham (Mrs. Allen)\nBarbara Hardman (Mrs. C. A. Flower)\nMargaret Henderson\nJean E. Hooper\nMary M. Hutcheson (Mrs. W. Clarke)\n118\n Catherine King (Mrs. W. F. Walker)\nWinnifred Kummer (Mrs. Clarke)\nPhoebe Moll\nMarion MacDonald (Mrs. Hincks)\nMuriel McNeil (Mrs. J. Nunn)\nThelma Neimei\nEvelyn Ortt (Mrs. Tomashewsky)\nFrances P'eake (Mrs. F. A. Sansbury)\nVerna Pomfret\nPeggy Prisk\nMary K. Worsley (Mrs. J. H. F. Mara)\nEvelyn Wigmore (Mrs. E. Morrison)\nMildred Williams (Mrs. H. E. Bell)\nMargaret Whitecross\nWinnifred Yockney (Mrs. H. J. Mayzes)\n1944\u2014February\nIrene M. Banks (Mrs. W. R. Bullis)\nWilma M. Both (Mrs. W. Barlow)\nLouise Coles (Mrs. Coleman)\nMuriel E. Comber (Mrs. J. A. Shaw)\nAthene Cross\nNorma Dady\nMargaret Grant (Mrs. MacDonald)\n\u2022  Dorothea Greenwood (Mrs. D. M. Cameron)\nGladys Kirwen\nDiana Langford (Mrs. Kyle)\nHanna Lehmann\nRuby Leshure\nKathryrn McDonald\nJean McDougall\nHazel McDowell (Mrs. Denton)\nElizabeth Muir\nOlive Parker (Mrs. A. Ferrero)\nJean Pearson\nEileen Rae (Mrs. E. Mitchell)\nJean Robertson (Mrs. J. Woodbury)\nPamela Scott (Mrs. G. G. Robbins)\nMabel Shortreid (Mrs. H. Preistley)\nElberta Sorensen\nAlpine Wagenius\n119\n 1944\u2014September\nMary F. Burton (Mrs. Black)\nLorraine Carruthers (Mrs. N. Haughton)\nMarion Conibear\nAudrey Gass (Mrs. Masur)\nMary Hammond\nPhyllis Harwood (Mrs. E. S. Smith)\nJean Hughes\nMildred Irwin\nNorma Kenney\nNellie Kosiec\nFrances Lang\nMargaret C. Linn (Mrs. L. C. Everson)\nAnnie MacKenzie\nMartha W. Martens\nAlison J. Neilans\nEllen Pocock\nMaureen M. Seymour\nAudrey Smith\nBrenda Smith (Mrs. C. G. MacDonald)\nRita Straughan (Mrs. J. Lott)\nMary Thornton\nMary Work\nThelma Botting\nVelma K. Bell\nJean Guthrie (Mrs. Greig)\nJessie Layton\nMargaret McEwen\n1945\u2014January\nIris Bothamley\nBarbara Burrows (Mrs. B. McNeish)\nAgnes Clarke (Mrs. S. McPherson)\nMargaret Frame (Mrs. Shaw)\nDorothy Holmberg\nJessie Layton (Mrs. E. Bodden)\nJean MacKillop\nThelma MacKinnon\nBetty Morris\nVivian Osborne (Mrs. F. A. H. Carberry)\nDorothy Ponsford (Mrs. Belsham)\nMarjorie Treen (Mrs. B. C. Bishop)\nHelen Turner (Mrs. Lamb)\nMildred Waites\n120\n 1945\u2014September\nKathleen Armishaw (Mrs. H. Schemler)\nDorothy Brown (Mrs. D. C. Wiley)\nDorothy Carroll (Mrs. D. J. Robinson)\nIrene Cooper (Mrs. A. Crowson)\nMary Cox (Mrs. D. McKenzie)\nMarguerite Crawford\nNora Gladstone (Mrs. E. Baldwin)\nEnid Greer (Mrs. D. Sutherland)\nSusan Greig (Mrs. W. I. Mouat)\nPearl Haugen (Mrs. G. Wahlberg)\nJune Johnson (Mrs. J. Tarves)\nEileen Kent\nEleanor Lawson\nWilla McClement (Mrs. K. Wakefield)\nRuth McDonald (Mrs. F. Wade)\nMarion Morrison (Mrs. P. Aitken)\nFrances Nickerson (Mrs. D. D. Wilson)\nJoyce Read (Mrs. J. P. Ryall)\nBernice Reid (Mrs. N. Rasmussen)\nAlice Shelling (Mrs. R. F. Biscoe)\nHelen Street (Mrs. B. Gillespie)\nEvelyn Thordarsen\nDorothy Todd (Mrs. F. Thompson)\nIrene F. Carter\nKathryn Smyth\nMargaret Warren (Mrs. A. J. Kroha)\nLorraine Waters (Mrs. L. Tadey)\n1946\u2014January\nBarbara Bird\nEileen Cathcart\nLois Charlton (Mrs. Taylor)\nNorma Cook\nRose Drewry (Mrs. A. E. Evans)\nFlorence M. Ferguson\nAlice Hollman\nLorraine Holmes (Mrs. Gough)\nFrances McKenzie\nElizabeth Meadows (Mrs. W. R. Johnson)\nElizabeth E. Mermod\nMargaret Moncrieff\nMarie Nixon\n121\n Joan Piddington (Mrs. J. Cartwright)\nMuriel Raymond\nJoan Walker (Mrs. A. McLean)\nMargaret Wilson\nMabel Zimmerman\n1946\u2014September\nPamela Allan\nShirlee Anderson\nCatherine Angus (Mrs. B. Cupples)\nIsabel Atkinson (Mrs. Jensen)\nMaxine Bolton\nMargaret Calvert (Mrs. J. D. Rutledge)\nIrene F. Carter\nAlice Cockshott (Mrs. J. W. Johnson)\nNorma Currie\nVivienne Fox (Mrs. C. F. Rose)\nRoberta Grieg\nSheila Hampson (Mrs. D. Booth)\nJoan Harris\nMargaret Hynds\nNona Jamieson\nMarnie Johns (Mrs. D. H. Leggett)\nPatricia Johnson (Mrs. W. Lowe)\nMarjorie Kembel\nMarjorie N. Lang (Mrs. Simpson)\nArline McCullock\nEdith Newcombe (Mrs. Humphries)\nIrene Ortt\nMargaret Osselton (Mrs. Leacock)\nRuth Patterson (Mrs. F. E. Schroeder)\nMarion Patterson (Mrs. C. Denham)\nSheila Peasland (Mrs. MacPhail)\nMargaret Powell\nWinnifred Pritchard (Mrs. D. Porritt)\nIsobel Proud (Mrs. D. A. Hughes)\nHilda Russell (Mrs. Manning)\nPatricia M. Salmon (Mrs. F. C. Boyd)\nAdina Schmidt (Mrs. G. Chapman)\nSheena Smith (Mrs. J. Chedzoy)\nKatheryn Smythe\nPrudence Stephenson (Mrs. J. F. Rowe)\nRuth Tomlinson\n122\n Enid Wallace\nHelen Wilson (Mrs. Tribe)\n1947\u2014February\nMildred Becker (Mrs. W. J. Hoskyns)\nBetty Black\nMona Bolton (Mrs. Steele)\nDarken Bradford (Mrs. G. Ryman)\nJean Cann\nRaphael Catalono (Mrs. G. F. Christie)\nShirley Eastman\nAnne S. Damery (Mrs. H. Raymond)\nCarol Hooper (Mrs. A. Pearson)\nFrederica Lyon\nAnnie Phillips (Mrs. A. Vivian)\nPatricia McClymont\nShirley Rennie\nMildred Staverman\nMyrtle Thorpe\nEnid Twidale (Mrs. L. Amundson)\nYvonne Yates\nVictoria Zabolotny\n1947\u2014September\nViola Anderton (Mrs. Leahy)\nPhyllis Anthony (Mrs. J. W. Logan)\nGladys Barnes\nVerna Blackwell (Mrs. D. Sprinkling)\nMarjorie J. Broadhurst (Mrs. E. Travers)\nJean Brydon (Mrs. H. Sedgman)\nDoreen Burnett (Mrs. Payton)\nCatherine Campbell (Mrs. R. Lunde)\nMarjorie Braithwaite (Mrs. G. McKenzie)\nBeryl Calbick (Mrs. M. F. Brundridge)\nJean Chisholm\nShirley Clark\nVivian Clark (Mrs. Price)\nJoyce Crombie (Mrs. Chasson)\nDaphne Dean (Mrs. L. F. Trueman)\nJean E. Dempsey (Mrs. D. Grant)\nJoan Denison (Mrs. R. A. Wilson)\nThelma Duthrie (Mrs. H. Bendon)\nDoris Firth (Mrs. G. O'Farrell)\nYrsa Fredin (Mrs. Q. Bye)\n123\n Betty Garrison (Mrs. K. Findlaw)\nRuby Hall (Mrs. R. Fleming)\nElva K. Hughes\nElizabeth Hutton (Mrs. Whitlock)\nLaura McDonald (Mrs. Hunt)\nGeorgina Moore (Mrs. Watt)\nMaxine Murray (Mrs. T. Watt)\nCarol Perdue\nOlga Sather\nNoreen Tait\nOlive M. Windh (Mrs. B. Dean)\n1948\u2014January\nPatricia Bell-Irving\nVirginia Bigold (Mrs. W. McPhee)\nGeraldine Caldwell (Mrs. R. McKeown)\nDilys Edwards (Mrs. G. R. Fleming)\nJean Harcourt (Mrs. R. Bruce)\nJoan Henderson\nIrene McKee\nNoram MacGregor\nFrances Marshall (Mrs. Husband)\nShirley Normand (Mrs. Bishop)\nElizabeth Nutter (Mrs. G. E. Bunce)\nNetta Owen (Mrs. Davidson)\nIvy Powell\nJoyce Robinson (Mrs. W. R. Hindle)\nMavis Ryall\nPamela Sankey\nKathleen Sutherland (Mrs. A. Balfour)\nHelen Turk (Mrs. Johnston)\nNancy Wright\n1948\u2014September\nMerle Aikenhead (Mrs. R. M. Brockway)\nAnna Marie Alder (Mrs. J. L. Davis)\nCatherine Bartleman\nJoyce Calhoun (Mrs. B. Latramuile)\nJean Cardiff (Mrs. J. Johnston)\nMarjorie Cook (Mrs. J. W. Gillis)\nMary Cooke\nDorothy Davidson (Mrs. M. Mackay)\nJoyce V. Denby\nDonalda Devine (Mrs. C. Adams)\n124\n Doris V. Edwards (Mrs. H. Wilson)\nJean Erskine (Mrs. Emery)\nPatricia Hamblin (Mrs. J. B. Martin)\nBarbara Haycroft (Mrs. J. Bauman)\nRosalie Hayduk (Mrs. R. Jarvis)\nMary Kenneday (Mrs. W. W. Melville)\nIda Lang (Mrs. W. Gerber)\nIsobel McKay (Mrs. Stadnicki)\nMary I. McKay\nMary Maximenko (Mrs. M. A. Hundleby)\nNorma Melville (Mrs. D. M. Fligg)\nLois Morley\nHelen M. Palmer (Mrs. D. Gaede)\nPeggy Prisk\nHelen Reimer (Mrs. J. R. Parris)\nRosa Stone (Mrs. L. Kahler)\nJune Wales (Mrs. P. Fehr)\nPhyllis Weber (Mrs. D. A. Guthrie)\n1949\u2014January\nChristie Bean (Mrs. D. A. Stewart)\nNoreen Beaton\nPatricia Blades (Mrs. F. E. Richardson)\nBernice Bruneski (Mrs. H. Young)\nJoyce Campbell (Mrs. R. Hough)\nDolly Damery (Mrs. R. O. Landry)\nJean Galbraith\nEdith Gregory\nEleanor M. Hall (Mrs. E. Woodyard)\nHelen Harritt (Mrs. F. Lefrancois)\nCatherine Jamieson (Mrs. W. R. Hamilton)\nEthel Keeping (Mrs. J. Denniston)\nCatherine Leask\nAda Leopald (Mrs. J. Stevenson)\nIsobel McKinnon (Mrs. L. Eldridge)\nElizabeth Moore\nMary E. Murphy\nLorna Rutherford (Mrs. C. Lewis)\nIrene Watkins\nMildred Wahlstrom (dec'd)\nJennie Wilson\nRuth Wood\nLois Wren (Mrs. W. V. Kilpatrick)\nPhyllis Young (Mrs. W. R. Milburn)\n125\n 1949\u2014September\nCharlotte Anderson\nShirley Blanchard (Mrs. R. Gorham)\nOlive Campbell (Mrs. J. McFee)\nJudith Enerhaug (Mrs. G. Meyers)\nMaria Ewanowich (Mrs. R. Montgomery)\nElizabeth Ferrie\nLela Haacke (Mrs. A. F. McMillan)\nConstance Hammond (Mrs. A. Wiens)\nBernice Hampton (Mrs. K. Wright)\nOlive Holmberg (Mrs. H. Boorman)\nPauline Jenkins (Mrs. P. Smith)\nViolet Joe (Mrs. J. Chung)\nElizabeth Lahmer (Mrs. T. Witwicki)\nEileen Lanigan (Mrs. R. G. Eldridge)\nBetty Lassen (Mrs. D. Minckler)\nJoyce Leachman (Mrs. E. Schuberg)\nOphelia Lesiuk (Mrs. C. Miller)\nEleanor Luetkehoelter (Mrs. D. Gould)\nJean McCuaig (Mrs. J. Peterson)\nMary McDougall\nRoberta McRae (Mrs. N. Land)\nMargaret Martinuson (Mrs. R. S. Mason)\nSheila O'Neill (Mrs. L. Swanson)\nAnna Peden\nBertha Roberts\nJean Roylande (Mrs. Ji. Ruck)\nConstance Smith\nMay G. Smith (Mrs. J. Murray)\nJane H. Stokes (Mrs. G. R. Hooper)\nMary Straith (Mrs. D. Laurie)\nThais Thomas (Mrs. W. Faunch)\nLois Wheeler (Mrs. W. Anderson)\nVivian Wylie (Mrs. R. Menzies)\n1950\u2014January\nPatricia Blake (Mrs. K. W. Walker)\nGladys Bool (Mrs. A. Skrecky)\nLaura Davison\nVera Krawece\nNatalie MacKenzie\nFlorence Nixon (Mrs. J. Cummings)\nLorraine Northey (Mrs. Hooke)\n126\n Eleanor F. Patterson (Mrs. H. T. Walker)\nJune Phillips (Mrs. K. Hansen)\nRuby Saunders\nCaroline Skillings (Mrs. J. O. Mothersill)\nBetty M. Spiller (Mrs. G. Chater)\nLjubica V. Starcevic\nDolly E. White (dec'd)\nPhyllis M. Worsley\n1950\u2014September\nGertrude Ballard\nMary Burchett (Mrs. R. Hemeon)\nJoyce Burkholder\nLaura Chugg (Mrs. S. Magill)\nPatricia Codville (Mrs. R. Fahrig)\nGwen Clarke (Mrs. R. Barber)\nGloria Davies (Mrs. R. Gelpke)\nMathilda Fleming (Mrs. L. Toews)\nElla Gustafson (Mrs. H. Zabel)\nElizabeth Laubach (Mrs. R. Greiner)\nMary Lewis\nMarion Matcham\nMarilyn Mitchell (Mrs. L. Pritchett)\nMarion B. Marr\nElaine Pendray (Mrs. K. Berkenshaw)\nElizabeth Spain (Mrs. F. Garnett)\nJacqueline Stephens (Mrs. J. Simpson)\nRuby Stinson (Mrs. J. Carrier)\nEileen Watkins (Mrs. B. H. Warrender)\nEvelyn Wilms (Mrs. G. Hartley)\nElizabeth Friesen\n1951\u2014January\nElizabeth Carter (Mrs. I. Brettell)\nDaisy Chung\nMary Church (Mrs. M. White)\nMae Conn\nEvelyn Davidson\nOlga Golik (Mrs. Miller)\nBarbara Guy\nBarbara Lester (Mrs. T. McCall)\nJessie Lim\nEllen Manring (Mrs. Eric Siems)\n127\n Ruth Martin (Mrs. J. Sake)\nShirley Mawdsley (Mrs. H. Sutherland)\nMargaret Robertz\nRuth Rogers (Mrs. W. Kirkman)\nMyrtle Sather\nLavina Stilwell (Mrs. T. Knight)\nAlma M. Sawyer\nMary A. Smith\nSheila Wilton (Mrs. A. Mourant)\nE.Winonah Worsley (Mrs. J. D. Pite)\n1951\u2014September\nNorah Adamson\nShirley Anderson\nAlma Angus\nMae Bell (Mrs. M. Baker)\nMargaret Blakemore (Mrs. N. Walker)\nVera Boyd (Mrs. W. M. Bittner)\nAthlyn Bruce\nJoan Challoner (Mrs. R. Greaves)\nRhoda E. Clarke (Mrs. R. Yeates)\nJoan Corbould (Mrs. F. L, Sanderson)\nThurley Duck\nWilma Dyson\nEdith French (Mrs. B. Grainger)\nBessie Freeman (Mrs. F. Ayres)\nEvelyn Gilchrist\nPatricia Glover\nRosemarie Hartwig\nFay Ingram (Mrs. J. Hennekes)\nMary Lou Johns\nJean Kent\nKay Keeble (Mrs. K. Cameron)\nPat Meneley\nShirley Mason\nSolveig Mork\nDonna Munro (Mrs. D. Chadderton)\nMarion Munro\nJoan Northcott\nDoreen Richmond\nAnn Roberts\nJoan Shaver (Mrs. F. R. Hooper)\n128\n 1952\u2014February\nMyrtle Adsett (Mrs. W. C. Sanders)\nRuth Balisky (Mrs. G. Foxall)\nPeggy Blake\nJoyce Booth (Mrs. E. Fredin)\nEva Brown\nLeola Carr\nJoyce Davies\nDorothy Freeman\nJune Grier\nAudry Hicks\nAnita Larsen\nDawn Mawdsley (Mrs. I. Ostrom)\nMarjorie Morrison\nAudrey Proctor (Mrs. B. L. Aylard)\nMabel Richards (Mrs. P. Hill)\nHelen Robertson (Mrs. S. C. Seedhouse)\nMary Robertson\nJoyce Watts\nJune Wood (Mrs. Sobkowiez)\n1952\u2014September\nRoberta Ballantyne (Mrs. G. Birtwistle)\nAudrey Beaumont (Mrs. T. Davie)\nJanet Bompas (Mrs. G. Harper)\nNan Campbell (Mrs. C. E. Woods)\nBetty Cardiff (dec'd)\nElizabeth Carr (Mrs. A. S. Wagstaff)\nNorma Dickie (Mrs. W. D. McDougall)\nCorinne Fatt (Mrs. R. Walker)\nAnne Gill (Mrs. J. Graham)\nDorothy M. Gray (Mrs. N. Vik)\nNorma Hagen\nGwen Hall (Mrs. J. Campbell)\nClara Hannah (Mrs. E. Anastasiou)\nJoanne Harper (Mrs. B. Ripley)\nEva Hayman (Mrs. R. Bolt)\nJune Hedblom (Mrs. A. M. Yeats)\nNancy Idiens (Mrs. C. Kaplan)\nJoan Ketcheson\nGail Key worth (Mrs. B. K. Hicklenton)\nSusie Knutson (Mrs. K. Clements)\nRuby Lacy\n129\n Joanne Langridge (Mrs. J. Clee)\nGrace Litster\nIsabel Millner (Mrs. Perry)\nMay Moore (Mrs. A. Rawcliffe)\nKit Morris (Mrs. G. Hobson)\nMargaret Parfitt (Mrs. G. Martinovict)\nDianne Parsons (Mrs. V. Wilson)\nShirley Pauline (Mrs. Cormack)\nLyn Pick\nShirley Reed (Mrs. W. Pickering)\nAnn Richardson (Mrs. R. Lees)\nMerle Richardson\nNancy Roberts (Mrs. L. Seton)\nIdina Scott (Mrs. K. Williams)\nBarbara Sinclair (Mrs. J. Owen)\nMildred Smith (Mrs. Schindler)\nJune Stratton (Mrs. G. D. Litster)\nLucy Straw (Mrs. W. P. Hay ward)\nDawn Spencer (Mrs. R. Goddard)\nFrances Truit (Mrs. R. Walker)\nOlga Voth\nGerry Wallace (Mrs. G. Watson)\nHelen Warwick (Mrs. G. Joslin)\nOra Whittles (Mrs. J. Hoglo)\nDorothy Woodward (Mrs. J. Peirson)\nMarjorie Young\n1953\u2014January\nShirley J. Anderson\nSheila Atkinson (Mrs. P. S. Burgenham)\nBeverley Bates (Mrs. E. F. Fallon)\nShirley Cameron (Mrs. H. J. Powell)\nPatricia Dickson (Mrs. W. Blanshard)\nCora J. Hansen (Mrs. R. D. Reid)\nNorma Harris (Mrs. K. Dick)\nSheila M. Hicks (Mrs. J. Foster)\nColleen Karst (Mrs. C. Whitfill)\nJoan H. Kelly (Mrs. W. Abbott)\nAnne King (Mrs. J. H. Edgington)\nPatricia O'Meara (Mrs. T. Thompson)\nIrma Neetz (Mrs. Burgoyne)\nArdis Nelson (Mrs. R. E. Maupin)\nLois Pack (Mrs. C. Naylor)\n130\n Margaret Pullen\nIrene Schmuland\nEllen Stroud\nEileen A. Thompson (Mrs. H. M. Shore)\nDoreen Weismiller\nBernice Williams (Mrs. P. Pool)\nAnne Wilson (Mrs. J. A. McDonald)\n1953\u2014September\nBeverley Berkenstock (Mrs. B. C. More)\nEva Billett (Mrs. L. R. Hargreaves)\nBetty Bird (Mrs. M. Soule)\nMargaret Broadhurst (Mrs. B. Curtis)\nDoris Cadwallader (Mrs. J. C. Turner)\nBarbara Cuthbert\nMary Esau\nJoyce Fry\nCatriona Gillespie (Mrs. J. Graham)\nLily Golik (Mrs. N. A. Negrey)\nCynthia Graham (Mrs. J. F. N. Paget)\nPatricia Hemingson (Mrs. W. E. Mower)\nYvonne Hunden (Mrs. D. Bond)\nAnn Husband (Mrs. D. Pearson)\nBerna F. Ingram (Mrs. R. O. Dennison)\nLorna Johnston (Mrs. R. Aldred)\nShirley R. Loring (Mrs. W. J. Stewart)\n\"Gertrude Luetkehoelter\nMona McLean (Mrs. W. Stewart)\nEvelyn McNeil\nHarriet Macleod (Mrs. G. F. Denton)\nNorma Macfarlane (Mrs. E. Jorgenson)\nJessie Mantle\nBeverley Martin\nElaine Mercer (Mrs. A. Inglis)\nEdith Moir\nBeulah Neish (Mrs. W. Rusk)\nFanny Odell\nChristina M. Peate\nNorma Plumb (Mrs. Byrington)\nAlice Renshaw (Mrs. G. Arnold)\nEvelyn Richardson\nRobin Saare (Mrs. H. Mede)\nGrace Sheppard (Mrs. M. Hall)\n131\n Dolly Smith\nBeverley Thomas (Mrs. W. Hogg)\nGladys Trembley\nJune Walker (Mrs. W. Howie)\nLois M. Watley (Mrs. B. MacFarlane)\nDonna Weppler (Mrs. D. A. Holly)\nLoreen Weiss (Mrs. Sproule)\nDelia Wilkinson\nMyrtle Work (Mrs. L. Nelson)\n1954\u2014January\nBernice Arnet (Mrs. D. Lee)\nJoyce Bouch (Mrs. R. IIlings)\nBernice H. Bray\nElizabeth Brasher\nJoan Capling (Mrs. J. Krayenhoff)\nBeverley Carter (Mrs. K. Lapham)\nRosemary Condin (Mrs. H. Grant)\nBetty Crowder\nJeanette E. Crowther (Mrs. D. Kinney)\nEva Domke\nWendy Dwyer (Mrs. E. Bourdages)\nEdith Edler (Mrs. J. Roberts)\nElsie Gildner\nThelma Hanington\nLois Hunter\nMaureen Innes (Mrs. M. Meier)\nDianne Johnson\nMarguerite Y. Lloyd\nMrs. Ruby May\nRuth Mar del (Mrs. MacKenzie)\nMary Magerowski\nMarilyn MacLoud (Mrs. S. Jameson)\nPatricia MacNicol\nShirley McKeown (Mrs. J. McAdam)\nJessie McEachern\nJoan Naysmith\nMaxine Penson (Mrs. R. Martelli)\nVita Rasmussen\nMariln R. Robertson (Mrs. J. Newman)\nPatricia Rowling\nMary Strachan (Mrs. D. Hyde-Law)\nBarbara Taylor\n132\n Joan Tinkess\nLorraine Waters (Mrs. L. Tadey)\nAudrey K. Wright (Mrs. A. Almquist)\n1954\u2014September\nJackie Aitken (Mrs. R. Prenevost)\nMary I. Atkin\nElsie Blakely (Mrs. R. Mikitka)\nWilma Cain (Mrs. T. Wickham)\nFrances Carpentier (Mrs. R. Payne)\nM. Dando (Mrs. R. Taylor)\nM. Durnin (Mrs. P. F. Taylor)\nIris East (Mrs. D. Parker)\nLois R. Falk (Mrs. C. Baughman)\nMarjorie Fatt (Mrs. J. Todd)\nDonna Getty\nMarilyn Gowan\nPhyllis R. Hall (Mrs. R. E. Barbin)\nIda E. Hayward\nJoan D. Heighes (Mrs. H. Wallace)\nEugenia Hird (Mrs. W. Hook)\nBrahma Hooper\nS. Husband (Mrs. L. Ramsey)\nPatty Joe (Mrs. C. Mah)\nConnie Jones (Mrs. P. Clothier)\nShirley A. King (Mrs. T. Shorter)\nMargaret Lewis (Mrs. T. Martin)\nCarole Lipsack (Mrs. G. Simpson)\nSusan Lutener (Mrs. G. Webster)\nD. McCormack (Mrs. V. Gadsby)\nJeannie McDonell (Mrs. G. Pearmain)\nElizabeth K. Neal (Mrs. C. Arnold)\nEdith Oldham (Mrs. R. N. Noel)\nB. Parr (Mrs. P. Hamilton)\nJune Rothe (Mrs. P. Lapointe)\nJoan Randall (Mrs. N. Christensen)\nMargarethe Sheppy\nJoyce E. Slang\nJ. Templeton\nJoan Watson (Mrs. K. Wilson)\nJoan Whitten\n133\n 1955\u2014January\nL. Balcom (Mrs. D. Cove)\nIrene M. Bell\nRosemary Cheeseman (Mrs. T. J. Gower)\nEunice Cook (Mrs. Bradbury)\nEdith Christie\nBarbara Chung (Mrs. Wong)\nDiane M. Earle (Mrs. D. Dunsmore)\nRosemary E. Farmer (Mrs. J. H. Winther)\nRuth Foort\nM. Fairful (Mrs. P. Townshend)\nL. Irvine (Mrs. M. Victor)\nM. Kilgour (Mrs. L. Prevost)\nJ. Kemp (Mrs. J. McKone)\nMargaret A. Linn (Mrs. E. Estlin)\nA. MacLean\nMargaret MacKenzie (Mrs. R. M. Wallbank)\nG. O'Meara (Mrs. J. E. Gatehouse)\nO. Rebagliati\nBeverly Rivet-Carnac (Mrs. K. Griffin)\nJosephine Sanders (Mrs. J. P. Dixon)\nJean E. Smith\n1955\u2014September\nSydney I. Barlow (Mrs. D. Baird)\nJoan Bayliss\nGail Champion\nJean M. Cheser\nCarol J. Clarke (Mrs. Duffis)\nKatherine E. Clayton (Mrs. B. Baird)\nBertha D. Cox (Mrs. K. Robertson)\nMary H. Dewar (Mrs. R. Williams)\nEvelyn S. Donelly\nAnn Drew\nCatherine S. Gibson\nRobin A. Grant (Mrs. R. Larkin)\nMarjory M. Gregg (Mrs. R. Deacon)\nMuriel L. Hollett\nEdna A. Honstain (Mrs. G. E. Galbraith)\nSylvia A. Hooper (Mrs. J. Higgins)\nElvira R. Janz (Mrs. D. Murdoch)\nH. Klemens (Mrs. B. Mullen)\nMargaret I. Laubach\n134\n Willine Loadman\nLouise A. McPherson (Mrs. L. Johnson)\nAnn Marling (Mrs. F. G. Montfort)\nHelen P. Morrison\nElizabeth K. Pillinger\nDoreen M. Robbie\nJuanita V. Roberts (Mrs. D. Stewart)\nBarbara A. Shoemaker (Mrs. T. James)\nJorun Skeg\nErans E. Smith\nJoyce E. Turner\nDoris E. Walker\nBeatrice L. Wastell (Mrs. J. Robson)\nMarion F. Wright (Mrs. G. Luney)\n1956\u2014January\nMarie Christensen (Mrs. P. Thompson)\nMarina Fatt\nAlice A. Gallie (Mrs. W. Fergie)\nRachel Johnson\nArlene Knowles (Mrs. G. Ay lard)\nPatricia Leitch\nBetty L. McNiven (Mrs. W. R. Sturrock)\nPatricia A. Martin (Mrs. P. Morez)\nAnne Murphy\nCarolyn I. Pearson (Mrs. N. Blamire)\nSheila D. Petrie\nMarilyn H. Phillips\nBarbara J. Price\nMargaret C. Ritchie (Mrs. M. R. Malcolm)\nVivian Roberts\nMargaret S. Strachan\nBarbara A. Walton (Mrs. T. Cottrell)\nEva Webb\nValerie D. Wilson (Mrs. K. Barnes)\n1956\u2014September\nHeather Adam\nDoris Barker\nJoyce Blackstock (Mrs. K. Richardson)\nMarie Clarke\nViolet M. Dawson (Mrs. E. A. Powell)\nDiana Deans\n135\n Dierdre DeBeck (Mrs. D. B. Smith)\nGloria Glock\nAudrey Jahn\nPatricia Jones\nLois M. McCartney (Mrs. S. Child)\nSheila Mackie (Mrs. J. Clements)\nNorma A. McPherson\nAudrey Mathew (Mrs. H. Burga)\nLois Mellors (Mrs. Carter)\nMargaret Montague (Mrs. Johnson)\nAnn Munday\nEdith Nixon (Mrs. C. C. Barman)\nShirley Orr (Mrs. A. Johnson)\nJean Renshaw\nGeraldine Sammon\nMargaret Savory (Mrs. Dady)\nMary Sheppy\nMargaret Stewart\nPhyllis Stordahl\nMarjorie Ure\nEugenie Wong\nSylvia M. Zaferis\n o\t\nAPPENDIX V\nGraduate Nurses of the\nProvincial Royal Jubilee Hospital\nWho were on Active Service with the Expeditionary Forces\nof 1914-1918\nDate of\nName Graduation\n\u2666Christina Campbell  .  1897\nfSarah Heaney  1901\nElizabeth Cameron  1904\nHarriet Jukes   1905\nConstance Jones   1905\nfElizabeth Martin  1906\nEffie Alexander  1908\nAda Cookson   1908\nNora Birkett  1909\nMolly Milligan  1909\n136\n Date of\nName Graduation\nfElizabeth Pierce    1909\nLena Boyd    1911\nMadeline Lloyd    1910\nDorothy Collis   1911\nLouise Talbot   1911\nMaud Walker   1912\nElsie M. Collison    1916\nMarion Osbourne    1912\nClover Walker    1917\nBeatrice Bradshaw  1917\nKathleen Cockrell   1917\nEthel Hall   1917\nMaude Nason  1918\nEmma Black   1912\n\u2666Gladys Wake    1912\nfCharlotte Younghusband    1912\nfKatherine Little    1913\nfChristina Mowbray    1913\nGladys Carvolth   1914\nPenelope Mellen   1914\nNancy Bradshaw   1914\nEthel Cook   1912\nPhyllis Ashton   1913\nJoy Croxford    1915\nMary Mellen   1915\nHazel McDonald  1915\nZeta Clarke   1915\nAmy Worsey    1916\nFrances Paget    1915\ntHelen Mcintosh   1911\n\u2666Jessie Nelson King _, .  1916\nJean Denovan  1917\nRuth Clinton    1917\nElanor Dale  1917\nElla May McKenney   1917\nEvelyn Edwards  1914\n* Supreme Sacrifice. f Royal Red Cross.\n137\n APPENDIX VI\nROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL POST GRADUATE COURSES\nHELD IN OPERATING ROOM TECHNIQUE\nFebruary 1st, 1951, to May 18th, 1951\nKING, Faith\u2014Graduate Vancouver General Hospital  1949.\nGREINER,  ELIZABETH   (Laubach)\u2014Graduate  Royal  Jubilee\nHospital 1950.\nStaff:  Sept. 15, 1950 to Jan. 31, 1951.\nCourse: Feb.  1,  1951  to May  18,  1952.\nStaff:  June 1, 1951 to Sept. 7, 1951:   To Sick Children's Hospital,\nToronto.\nStaff:  Sept.  15, 1952 to March 31, 1953:   To go to England.\nStaff:  Feb.  1, 1954 to Feb. 28,  1955:   Marriage.\nLEASK, CATHERINE\u2014Graduate Royal Jubilee Hospital 1949.\nStaff:  Feb.   16,   1949  to Jan.  31,   1951.\nCourse:  Feb.  1,  1951 to May 18,  1951.\nStaff:  June 1,  1951 to July 15,  1952: Supervisory position, Penticton.\nUPHAM, MARGARET\u2014Graduate Vancouver General Hospital\n1926.\nOctober 1st, 1951, to January 31st, 1952\nCHISHOLM, MARY R.\u2014Graduate Saskatoon General Hospital\n1948.\nDESLANDES,  EDITH J.\u2014Graduate Calgary General Hospital\n1948.\nKERSHAW, MARY\u2014Graduate Vancouver General Hospital 1948.\nCourse:  Oct.  1,  1951  to Jan. 31,  1952.\nStaff:  Feb. 1, 1952 to Aug. 22, 1952.\nMOORES, MAE E.\u2014Graduate Calgary General Hospital 1931.\nStaff:  Nov.  25,   1946 to Feb.   15,  1947.\nCourse:  Oct.  1,  1951 to Jan. 31, 1952.\nREIMAN,  SHIRLEY E.\u2014Graduate Yorkton General Hospital\n1950.\nCourse: Oct. 1, 1951 to Jan. 31, 1952.\nStaff: Feb. 5,  1952, to May 31, 1952.\nMarch 3rd, 1952, to July 3rd, 1952\nSTEWART, Barbara (Ayliffe)\u2014Graduate St. Joseph's Hospital\n1946.\nCourse:  March 3,  1952 to July 3,  1952.\nStaff:  July 7,   1952 to Aug.  3,   1952.\nStaff:  Aug. 4, 1952 to Aug. 31, 1952.\nStaff:  Feb. 16,  1953 to Dec. 31. 1953.\n138\n Freeman, Bessie\u2014Graduate Royal Jubilee Hospital 1951.\nStaff:  Sept.  17  ,1951  to March 1,  1952.\nCourse:  March 2,  1952 to July 3, 1952.\nStaff:  July 4,  1952 to Aug.  13  ,1952.\nNow:  R.C.N.. stationed at H.M.C.S. Naden, Esquimalt.\nKORNELSON, BERTHA\u2014Graduate Vancouver General Hospital\n1949.\nWent to Korea as a Missionary, where she was drowned.\nMCCULLOCH, ELIZABETH\u2014Graduate Vancouver General\nHospital 1943.\nPost-Graduate:     Neurosurgical   Institute,   Montreal,    1945.       Now\nmarried.\nRICHMOND, DOREEN\u2014Graduate Royal Jubilee Hospital 1951.\nStaff:  Sept.  13,  1951 to March 1,  1952.\nCourse:  March 2,  1952 to July 3, 1952.\nStaff:  July 4,  1952 to May 15,  1954.\nStaff:  Nov. 1, 1954.     Still on staff.\nSPENCER, JOY\u2014Graduate Vancouver General Hospital 1948.\nStaff:  Feb. 11, 1952 to March 1,  1952.\nCourse:  March 2,  1952 to July 3,  1952.\nStaff:  July 4, 1952.     Still on staff.\nSeptember 3rd, 1952, to January 3rd, 1953\nNESTING, EILEEN\u2014Graduate Royal Alexandra Hospital,\nEdmonton, 1949.\nShimbashi, HELEN\u2014Graduate Medicine Hat General Hospital\n1948.\nFebruary 9th, 1953, to June 5th, 1953\nHARTWIG, Rose\u2014Graduate Royal Jubilee Hospital 1951.\nKlNNlS, CLAIRE\u2014Graduate Vancouver General Hospital 1948.\nStaff:   Jan. 15, 1951 to Feb. 8, 1953.\nCourse:  Feb.   9,   1953  to June  5,   1953.\nStaff:  June 8, 1953 to Sept. 2, 1956:  To U.S.A.\nKitchen, Dorothy\u2014Graduate Vancouver General Hospital\n1953.\nKLASSEN, Joyce\u2014Graduate Saskatoon General Hospital 1949.\nSutherland, Eleanor\u2014Graduate Royal Columbian\nHospital 1937.\nCourse: Feb. 9, 1953 to June 5, 1953.\nStaff: June 29, 1953.    Still on staff.\nWATTS, ORA\u2014Graduate Brandon General Hospital 1949.\nCourse: Feb. 9, 1953 to June 5, 1953.\nStaff:  June 8, 1953 to June 26, 1953.\n139\n January 11th, 1954, to May 28th, 1954\nBEIER, ALMA\u2014Graduate General Hospital, Steyr, Austria.\nCUTHBERT, BARBARA\u2014Graduate Royal Jubilee Hospital 1953.\nStaff:  Oct.  1, 1953 to Jan.  10,  1954.\nCourse:  Jan.  11,  1954 to May 17, 1954.\nStaff: May 18, 1954 to Oct. 31, 1954.\nHREHERCHEK, Pearl\u2014Graduate Archer Memorial Hospital,\nLamont, Alberta, 1950.\nNORDIN,  LAURA M.\u2014Graduate Saskatoon General Hospital\n1950.\nPEEL, SHIRLEY M.\u2014Graduate Calgary General Hospital 1952.\nSMITH, DOLINA\u2014Graduate Royal Jubilee Hospital 1953.\nStaff:  Sept. 21, 1953 to Jan. 11, 1954.\nCourse:  Jan. 11, 1954 to May 14, 1954.\nStaff:  May 17,  1954 to Oct. 31,  1954.\nOctober 4th, 1954, to February 18th, 1955\nBrunsden, Marjorie\u2014Graduate Medicine Hat General\nHospital 1954.\nCOONES, LILLIAN\u2014Graduate Peterborough General Hospital\n1951.\nHOPPS, SHIRLEY  (Haywood)\u2014Graduate St. Paul's Hospital\n1954.\nCourse:  Oct. 4,  1954 to Feb.  18,  1955.\nStaff:  Feb.  28,   1955  to May 31,  1955.\nMATOVICH, Mary\u2014Graduate St. Paul's Hospital 1954.\nMACFARLANE,   NORMA\u2014Graduate   Royal   Jubilee   Hospital\n1953.\nStaff:  Sept. 6, 1953 to Dec. 20, 1953.\nCourse:  Oct. 4, 1954 to Feb. 18, 1955.\nRICHARDSON, MERLE\u2014Graduate Royal Jubilee Hospital 1952.\nCourse:  Oct. 4, 1954 to Feb. 18, 1955.\nStaff:  Feb. 24, 1955 to June 30, 1955.  To Vernon Jubilee Hospital.\nAPPENDIX VII\nRESIDENT MEDICAL OFFICERS\n1890-1897\u2014Dr. W. A. Richardson.\n1897-1916\u2014Dr. E. Hasell.\n1916 Pro-tern\u2014Dr. O. Coodley.\n1917 Pro-tern\u2014Dr. C. W. Duck.\n1917-1920\u2014Dr. Herbert Rogers.\n140\n MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENTS\n1920\u2014Dr.\nP. H. Patterson.\nDr.\nLayser.\n1933__Dr.\nE. M. Pearse.\n1933-1946\n\u2014Dr. T. W. Walker.\n1946\u2014Dr.\nMorley B. Beckett\n(for a few weeks only)\n1946 Pro-tern\u2014Dr. R. G. D. McNeely.\n1948 to present time\u2014Dr. J. L. Murray Anderson.\nSince 1950 Dr. Anderson has also acted as Assistant Administrator.\nINTERNES\n1908\u2014\n1928\u2014\nDr. A. H. Wallace.\nDr. McDonald.\n1909\u2014\nDr. Norman J. Paul.\nDr. Emerson.\nDr. A. R. Wilson.\nDr. W. H. Moore.\n1910\u2014\nDr. Thomas Miller.\n1931-32\u2014\nOr. A. P. Miller.\n1913\u2014\n1933\u2014\nDr. Wainwright.\nDr. A. P. Miller.\nDr. Briggs.\nDr. W. J. Endicott.\nDr. McCullough.\n1934-35\t\nDr. E. C. McFarlane.\nDr. O. C. Lucas, Sr.\n1914\u2014\nDr. R. J. Nodwell.\nDr. L. Jones\nDr. L. K. Kennedy.\n(for four months)\nDr. F. P. Sparks.\n1915\u2014\n1935-36\u2014\nDr. Finch.\nDr. O. C. Lucas, Sr.\nDr. Arnott.\nDr. F. P. Sparks.\nDr. M. J. Keys.\nDr. L. K. Kennedy.\n(for two months).\nDr. B. Bonar Buffam.\n1916\u2014\nDr. T. C. Harold.\nDr. Pollock.\nD. J. M. MacKinnon.\n1920\u2014\nDr. R. C. Newby.\nDr. McCullough.\n1936-37\u2014\n1922\u2014\nDr. Lozier.\nDr. R. C. Newby, Sr.\nDr. N. D. C. MacKinnon.\nDr. R. V. Markkanen.\n1925\u2014\nDr. C. C. McLean.\nDr. J. L. Murray Anderson.      Dr. H. T. Hogan.\nDr. C. W. Watson.\nDr. L. W. Bassett.\n141\n 1937-38\u2014\nDr. V. M. Markkanen, Sr.\nDr. C. C. McLean, Sr.\nDr. N. D. C. MacKinnon.\nDr. J. S. McCannel.\nDr. D. C. Vroman.\nDr. Gordon Patton.\nDr. C. Pitts.\nDr. J. A. Addison.\nDr. T. R. Harmon.\n1938-39\u2014\nDr. D. Vroman, Sr.\nDr. W. T. Maquire, Sr.\nDr. L. L. Ptak.\nDr. D. Smith.\nDr. G. H. Worsley.\n1939-40\u2014\nDr. L. L. Ptak, Sr.\nDr. D. Smith, Sr.\nDr. E. W. Black.\nDr. W. W. Stewart.\nDr. R. C. V. Gray.\nDr. J. E. Gilmore.\n(three and half months).\nDr. J. R. Ireland.\n1940-41 \u2014\nDr. W. W. Stewart, Sr.\nDr. L. W. Cromwell, Sr.\nDr. A. N. Barr.\nDr. T. R. Blades.\nDr. P. C. Lund.\nDr. B. L. Newton.\n1941-42\u2014\nDr. B. L. Newton, Sr.\nDr. J. E. Barnard, Sr.\nDr. H. L. Dobson.\nDr. C. G. McNeill.\n1942-43\u2014\nDr. M. M. Hutton.\nDr. P. E. Pemberton.\n(four months).\nDr. J. R. Fowler.\nDr. E. M. Thorp.\nDr. W. J. Dunn.\nDr. J. F. Tysoe.\nDr. R. M. Jameson.\n1943\u2014\nDr. M. L. Edgar,\n(nine months).\n1943-44\u2014\nDr. D. M. Boyd.\nDr. I. B. Cameron.\nDr. H. W. Verville.\nDr. L. Ellison.\nDr. R. P. Bellamy.\nDr. R. M. Jackson.\nDr. L. T. Maxwell.\nDr. S. G. Ruskin.\n(six months).\nDr. M. W. Calvert.\nDr. L. G. Sheps.\n(six months).\n1944_45_\nDr. L. Ellison.\nDr. J. M. Wasserman.\nDr. R. N. Foxgord.\nDr. L. Friesen.\nDr. L. B. Gendron.\nDr. R. M. Jackson,\n(six months).\n1945_46\u2014\nDr. D. M. Whitley.\nDr. E. C. Mahaffy.\nDr. K. N. Wilson.\nDr. G. M. Paul.\n(six months).\nDr. B. B. Robinson.\nDr. J. R. Angus.\nDr. John Hay.\nDr. A. B. Peachey.\n1946\u2014\nDr. W. N. Earle.\n(6 months).\n142\n Dr. J. C. M. Felterly.\nDr. Jack Zimmerman.\n(two months).\nDr. B. M. McLeod.\nDr. H. S. Ford-\n(Sr. in Med., six months) .\n(six months).\nDr. S. S. Avren.\n1946-47\u2014\n1950-51\u2014\nDr. A. J. Venables.\nDr. J. H. Whiteside.\n(Resident in Pathology).\n(Resident in Pathology).\nDr. D. M. Boyd, Sr.\nDr. John B. Anderson.\n(Resident in Obst.).\nDr. Q. W. Cochran, Sr.\nDr. Keith N. Bryant.\nDr. Archie F. Bull.\nDr. E. R. Hall.\nDr. Donald J. McLean.\nDr. N. E. O'Hara.\nDr. John A. Roe.\nDr. A. W. Perry.\nDr. D. G. Ulrich.\nDr. Joseph H. Trealeaveh\nDr. P. M. Wolfe.\n1951_52\u2014\n1947-48\u2014\nDr. F. L. Wilson.\nDr. T. A. Dobson.\n(Resident in Pathology).\n(Resident in Pathology).\nDr. E. A. Dunton.\nDr. M. P. Armstrong.\n(Resident in Obs. and Gyn.) .\nDr. R. A. Gale.\nDr. R. R. Bonnell.\nDr. G. McKenzie.\nDr. J. B. Cupples.\n(Sr. in Paed).\nDr. D. A. Holley.\nDr. N. B. Reilly.\nDr. D. R. Horton.\nDr. A. G. Vey.\nDr. C. J. C. Mackenzie.\n1948-49\u2014\nDr. R. D. Sargent.\nDr. A. W. Perry.\nDr. F. J. Stojan.\n(Resident in Pathology).\n1952-53\u2014\nDr. A. E. Gillespie.\nDr. G. McKenzie.\n(Sr. in Paed).\nDr. W. C. Stewart.\nDr. K. E. Stouffer.\nDr. M. E. Thornhill.\nDr. Raymond Duncan.\n(Resident in Pathology).\nDr. D. G. Adams.\nDr. D. C. Coleman.\nDr. P. F. d'Estrube.\nDr. R. S. Dolman.\n1949-1950\u2014\nDr. A. J. M. Johnston.\nDr. A. W. Perry.\nDr. N. E. Streight.\n(Resident in Pathology).\nDr. R. J. Stirling.\nDr. Benson Auld.\nDr. W. E. Warwick.\nDr. A. M. Beach.\nDr. R. A. Waterman.\nDr. A. C. Cairns.\nDr. M. E. Marritt.\n1953-54\u2014\nDr. F. L. Wilson.\nDr. Mary P. Leith.\nDr. Garth Walther.\n(Resident in Pathology).\n143\n Dr. R. W. Allin.\nDr. A. R. Cameron.\nDr. G. G. Lott.\nDr. W. J. McCall.\nDr. William McCulloch.\nDr. J. E. Miles.\nDr. J. M. W. Penn.\nDr. Robert Watters.\n1954-55\u2014\nDr. C. F. Ballam.\nDr. Use Destrube.\nDr. J. M. Graham.\nDr. W. H. Levis.\nDr. V. A. McPherson.\nDr. Andre Nyhof.\n1955-56\u2014\nDr. J. S. Wilson.\n(Resident in Radiology).\nDr. F. L. Appleyard.\nDr. G. E. Cox.\nDr. J. F. Higgins.\nDr. J. D. Hobson.\nDr. J. R. C. LeHuquet.\nDr. R. S. Slinger.\nDr. W. Y. Smith.\nDr. K. Straube.\nAPPENDIX VIII\nACTIVE MEDICAL STAFF\u20141956\nMEDICAL STAFF\nL. L. Ptak, B.Sc, M.D., F.R.C.S. [E], Chief of Staff\nP. A. C. Cousland, M.B. [Tor.], Secretary\nHONORARY STAFF\nD. M. Bailey, ch.B., M.D., D.P.H.\nA. N. Beattie, M.D., D.P.H.\nF. M. Bryant, M.D., F.A.C.S.\nJ. I. Durand, M.D.\nW. A. Fraser, M.D., F.A.C.S.\nE. C. Hart, M.D., CM.\nG. C. Kenning, M.D., CM.\nR. M. Lane, M.D., CM., D.P.H.\nJ. W. Lennox, M.B. [Tor.]\nT. Miller, M.D.\nJ. H. Moore, M.D., CM.\nH. H. Murphy, B.A., M.D., CM., F.A.C.S.\nT. McPherson, B.A., M.D., CM., L.R.C.P., F.R.C.S.  [C]\nR. B. Robertson, M.D., CM.\nJ. W. Stewart, M.D.\n144\n CONSULTING STAFF\nC. W. Duck, M.D., CM.\nR. A. Hunter, M.D., M.R.C.P., F.R.C.P. [C]\nW. E. M. Mitchell, M.B., B.S., F.R.C.S. [E], F.R.C.S., [C], D.P.H.\nA. B. Nash, M.D., CM., F.A.C.S., F.R.C.O.G., F.R.C.S. [C]\nACTIVE STAFF\nMEDICINE\n*T. F. Rose, M.A., M.D., CM.\nM. P. Leith, M.D. A. W. Perry, M.D., CM., F.R.C.P. [c]\nL. N. Roberts, M.D., F.R.C.P. [c]\nSub-Department Cardiology\nP. A. C. Cousland, M.B. [Tor.]\nSub-Department Dermatology\nK. Greenwood, M.B., B.S., M.R.C.P. [E]\nSub-Department Neurology\nR. M. Peet, B.A., M.D., B.Ch., M.R.C.P.  [I], F.R.C.P. [C]\nSub-Department Psychiatry\nD. E. Alcorn, M.D., CM., F.A.P.A.\nEAR, NOSE AND THROAT\n*Gavin Chisholm, M.D., CM.\nN. C. Cook, M.D.\nR. Scott-Moricrieff, B.A., M.D., CM., D.A.B.Ot.\nRADIOLOGY\n*H. M. Edmison, M.D.\nD. H. Taylor Lee, B.A., M.D., D.M.R.\nN. S. Lockyer, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., D.M.R.T.\nPATHOLOGY\n*R. G. D. McNeely, M.D.\nF, L. Wilson, M.D.\nANESTHESIOLOGY\n*J. L. Andrews, M.D.\nR. A. Fortye, M.D., CM. J. R. Stone, M.D.\nM. Yates, B.A., M.D., F.A.C.A.\n* Head of Department\n145\n DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL\n*R C. Newby, M.D.\nPRACTICE\nG. B. Bigelow, M.D., ch.B.\nG. B. M. Buffam, M.D., CM.\nG. E. Cox, M.D.\nW. A. Falk, M.D.\nR. A. Gale, B.A., M.D., CM.\nG. F. Houston, M.B., B.S.,\nM.R.C.S.,  L.R.C.P.,\nD.T.M., 8 H.  [L].\nINTERNES and RESIDENTS\nW. H. Moore, M.B., Ch.B.\nO. C. Lucas, B.Sc, M.D.\nN. B. Reilly, B.A., M.D., CM.\nJ. A. Roe, B.S.A., M.D., CM.\nW. A. Trenholme, M.D.\nJ. F. Tysoe, M.D.\nP. M. Wolfe, M.D., CM.\n1956-57\nResident in Radiology\nResident in Pathology\nDr. E. B. Stephens\nDr. Robert N. Young\nDr. John Wong\nDr. Hans K. Waldmann\nDr. James H. Duxbury\nDr. Dennis M. Clark\nDr. Lloyd L. Miller\nDr. Rodney T. H. Nixon\nSURGERY\n*G. H. Grant, M.D., B.Sc, F.R.C.S. [C]\nJ. W. Anderson, M.B., ch.B, F.R.C.S. [E]\nE. W. Boak, B.A., M.D., CM., F.I.C.S.\nH. S. Ford, M.D., F.R.C.S. [C]\nA. G. Gray, M.D., F.R.C.S. [E]\nD. M. N. Longridge, M.A., B.ch., F.R.C.S. [E]\nW. A. McElmoyle, M.D., F.R.C.S. [E], F.R.C.S. [C]\nS. Marinker, M.B., F.R.C.S. [E], F.R.C.S. [C]\nL. L. Ptak, B.Sc, M.D., F.R.C.S. [E]\nD. M. Whitley, M.D., F.R.C.S. [E]\nR. J. Wride, M.D.\nH. M. Young, M.D., CM.\nW. C. Whiteside, M.D.C.M., F.R.C.S. [C], F.A.C.S.,\nd.a.b.t.s., f.i.c.s.\nSub-Department Neurosurgery\nJ. E. Harvey, B.A., M.A., M.D., Ph.D.\nSub-Department Orthopaedics\nA. E. Trottier, B.A., M.D., F.R.C.S. [Ed.], F.A.C.S., F.R.C.S. [C]\nE. C. Hoodless, M.D., CM.\n* Head of Department\n146\n GENITO-URINARY\n*A. B. Sinclair, M.D., F.R.C.S. [C]\nW. J. McMahen, M.D.\nOBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY\n*G. W. Robson, M.D., M.R.CO.G.\nL. E. Home, M.D.\nW. D. Marshall, M.D., M.R.CO.G., F.R.C.S. [C]\nG. M. Mair, B.Sc, M.D., M.R.CO.G., F.A.C.S., F.A.A.O.G.\nW. C. Stewart, M.D.\nPAEDIATRICS\n*Glen Simpson, M.D., F.A.A.P.\nD. M. BOYD, M.D. G. J. McKenzie, B.A., M.D., CM.\nOPHTHALMOLOGY\n*E. H. W. Elkington, M.D., CM., D.O.M.S.\nJ. T. Cruise, M.D.\nH. G. Grieve, M.D., D.O.M.S., D.L.O., F.R.C.S. [C],\nF.A.C.S., F.A.A.O.O.\nC. H. Moore, M.D., M.S. G. H. Thompson, M.D., CM.\n* Head of Department.\n O\t\nAPPENDIX IX\nRADIOLOGISTS \u2014 1899 -1956\n1899-1916 . Dr. E. S. Hasell, Director\n1916-1918 _ Dr. Stanier, Director\n1918-1923 Dr. L. K. Poyntz, Director\n1923 (for a few months) Dr. Warren, Director\n1923-1931   I Dr. W. M. Carr, Director\n1931-1951 JDr. H. H. Murphy, Director\n1938-1947  Dr. J. B. Roberts, Assistant\n1947-1951   Dr. H. M. Edmison, Assistant\n1950-1951   Dr. W. M. Gilmore, Assistant\n1951-1953 Dr. Colin Ibbotson, Assistant\n1951 to present Dr. N. S. Lockyer\n(Radiation Therapist)\n1951 to present Dr. H. M. Edmison, Director\n1955 to present Dr. D. H. Taylor-Lee, Assistant\nDr. Taylor-Lee took his final year of training in this department.\n1955 Dr. John S. Wilson, Senior Resident\n1956 Dr. Hans K. Waldmann, Senior Resident\n147\n APPENDIX X\nSTUDENTS IN ROENTGENOLOGICAL TECHNIQUE\nROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL\nName Year Completed Training\nMiss B. Brooks, R.N.  1922\nMiss Marsha Farrar    1924\nMrs. Amie Mathers, R.N.      1926\nMiss Carol Strankman, R.N.    1942\nMiss Doreen Pendray, R.N.    1943\nMiss Ida Bates, R.N.    1944\nMrs. Helen Serl, R.N.    1944\nMiss Helen Whitley, R.N.    1940\nMiss Ileen Kerr    1948\nMiss Eleanor Marsh    -   1948\nMiss Joan Hodge      1953\nMiss L. Rimmer  \t\nMiss Margo King     1953\nMiss Molly Love      1953\nMrs. Mary Jessop    1953\nMiss Winnifred Westmacott     1954\nMiss Elsie Houchuk      1954\nMiss Rosemary Von Pentz   1954\nMiss Audrey Bool    1954\nMiss Vanetia Tait   1954\nMiss Darken Marshall     1955\nMiss Maxine Norcross   1955\nMiss Joy Russell    1955\nMiss Beverley Koski     1955\nMiss Marion Turigan    1956\nMiss Jillian Neesham      1956\nAPPENDIX XI\nPOST-GRADUATE STUDENTS IN PATHOLOGY\n1952-53 || Dr. W. R. Duncan\n1953-1954  Dr. Patricia Leith\n1956-  Dr. James H. Duxbury\n o\t\n148\n APPENDIX XII\nDIRECTORS OF THE LABORATORY \u2014 1890 -1956\n1890\n-1897\t\n Dr. W. A. Richardson\n1897\n-1912\t\n Dr. E. Hasell\n1912\n-1916 \t\n Dr.  Horn\n1916\n-1917\t\n Dr. Long\n1917\n-1931 \t\n Dr. W. P. Walker\n1930\n(half time) \t\n Dr. J. H. Moore\n1931\n:i937\t\n Dr. J. D. Balfour\n1937\n-1944\t\n Dr. Gordon McCurdy\n1945\n(pro-tern appointment)\n Dr. J. Hoogstraten\n1945\nto nresent\t\n. Dr. R. G. D. McNeely\nAssistant Pathologist\t\n Dr. Lucille Wilson\n 0\t\nAPPENDIX XIII\nSTUDENTS IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY\n1944\nMiss P. Tingle\n1951\nMiss A. Ells\n1944\nMiss G. Kerwin\n1951\nMiss B. Burgess\n1945\nMiss Ruth McAndrew\n1951\nMrs. Jean McKenzie\n1945\nMiss Ruth Sherman\n1952\nMiss Val McAllister\n1945\nMiss Mary Stevenson\n1952\nMiss C. Jefferson\n1945\nMiss W. Ross\n1952\nMiss B. McConnachie\n1945\nMiss Pan Woodward\n1952\nMiss B. Parker\n1945\nMiss Nella Kirkham\n1952\nMiss S. Griffin\n1946\nMiss Pat Bowyer\n1952\nMiss Elaine Galliford\n1946\nMiss Shiel Fleming\n1953\nMiss Mary Stevenson\n1946\nMiss Christine Bailey\n1953\nMiss S. Mortimer\n1947\nMiss Sylvia Poole\n1953\nMiss S. Johnston\n1947\nMiss Evelyn Pender\n1953\nMiss B. Harvey\n1948\nMiss Marie Weins\n1953\nMiss M. Wells\n1948\nMrs. Irene Muir\n1954\nMiss J. Sear\n1949\nMrs. Diana Knowles\n1954\nMiss Flo Erwin\n1949\nMiss Nona Butts\n1954\nMiss Sarah Smith\n1949\nMiss E. Stokes\n1954\nMiss E. Heal\n1950\nMiss S. Vigar\n1954\nMiss Marion Stevenson\n1950\nMiss K. L. Bailey\n1954\nMiss Roberta Crombie\n1950\nMiss L. Sibel\n1955\nMiss Sally Hughes\n1950\nMiss F. Burdick\n1955\nMiss Eileen Higgins\n1951\nL\nMiss D. Wade\nL49\n APPENDIX XIV\nMAINTENANCE\n1902 Handyman employed\u2014beginning of\nMaintenance Department.\nJan. 27, 1908-Jan. 31, 1926 Harry George King\nNov. 1, 1923-Nov. 7, 1930 George Hunter\nMarch 2, 1925-May 31, 1927) m&M\u00b1 f%kM\nMarch 1, 1928-Aug 31, 1949) MaunCC X Maddcy\nJuly 16, 1949-Oct. 1, 1950 J. A. Syme\nOct. 1, 1950, to present D. W. Hughes\nHOUSEKEEPERS\n1947 Mrs. Rose Hallas\n1947 (5 months only) Mrs. H. Chicoine\n1947-1957  Mrs. Olive Slade\n1957 to present Mrs. L. Bailey\nOFFICERS OF EMPLOYEES' ASSOCIATION\n1956-1957\nPresident Mrs. J. Callan\nVice-President J. Gillingham\nSecretary Miss A. Meneley\nTreasurer Miss M. K. Barraclough\nMiss Shiel Fleming\n(Miss Barraclough resigned and\nwas replaced by Miss Fleming).\nEXECUTIVE MEMBERS\nMrs. Laura Agar\nC. Trembley\nJohn Hutchinson\nShiel Fleming\n*Samuel Boorman\n*Mrs. Constance Trueman\n*Mrs. M. McLaren\n* These three members resigned and were replaced by the\nfollowing:\nJ. Strzelecki\nFred Newman\nMiss A. Innes\n150\n APPENDIX XV\nPHARMACISTS AND ASSISTANTS\u2014 1926-1956\nPharmacists:\nFeb. 26, 1922-Sept. 30, 1926 Lome D. Fulton\nSept. 16, 1926-Oct. 31, 1930 Harold Davenport\nNov. 30, 1930-March 31, 1932 Alexander J. Campbell\nJan. 22, 1930-1932 E. Smith (Assistant)\nhi April,  1932, Mr. Smith was appointed Chief Pharmacist and is\nstill employed in this capacity.\nAssistant Pharmacists:\n1930-1932  E. Smith\n1940-1941  G. A. Aaronson\n1943 to present . C. Burr\nAPPENDIX XVI\nSTUDENTS IN DIETETICS \u2014 1927 -1932\nMiss Betty Thompson, Vancouver, B.C., September 14, 1927.\nMiss Jean Reche Morrison, Yellow Grass, Sask., September 3, 1929.\nMiss Adelaide Henry, Victoria, B.C., September 2, 1929.\nMiss Jean Mary Wishart Keith, March 31, 1930.\nMiss Mildred Hazel Bell,  University of Alberta, June  1-Sept.   30,   1926.\nMiss Claudia M. E. Gardiner, Victoria, B.C., May 4-Aug. 4, 1931.\nMiss Mary Elizabeth Christie, Victoria, B.C., Jan. 16, 1932.\nPOST-GRADUATES IN DIETETICS,\nROYAL JUBILEE HOSPITAL\nMiss Olive Florence Grant, University of Alberta, Sept. 5,  1934-May 31,\n1935.    (Married to J. E. Smith, Pharmacist, Sept., 1935.)\nMiss Ethel L. Stibbards, University of Alberta, June 1, 1933-Oct. 21, 1933.\nMiss Myrtle Kathleen McKenzie, University of Sask., June 1, 1935-Dec. 1,\n1935.\nMiss May Akhurst, University of Alberta, Dec. 1, 1934-March 31, 1935.\nMiss Doris R. Johnstone, University of Alberta, Sept.   1,   1935-March  1,\n1936.\nMiss Reta Moore, University of Alberta, March 1, 1936, to September 1, 1936.\nMiss Margaret McDonald, University of Alberta, June 1, 1936-Dec. 15, 1936.\nMiss Anna J. Watercott, University of Saskatchewan, Sept.  1,  1936-April\n14, 1936.\n'Miss Fanny Lyons, University of Manitoba, Dec. 1, 1935-May 31, 1936.\nMiss Beatrice Winnifred Miller, University of Alberta, Dec. 1, 1936-July 31,\n1937.\nMiss Mary Edith Hewitt, University of Alberta, Dec. 1, 1937-May 31, 1938.\nMiss Vera Richards, University of Alberta, May 28, 1937-Dec. 1, 1937.\nMiss Dorothy Vera Boucher, University of Alberta, Aug.  1,  1937-Jan. 31,\n1938.\n151\n Miss Riva Secter, University of Manitoba, March 1, 1938-Aug. 31, 1938.\nMiss Margaret L. Parsons, University of Alberta, June 1, 193 8-Dec. 1, 1938.\nMiss Evelyn Vikse, University of Alberta, Sept. 1, 1938-May 31, 1939.\nMiss Christina M. Robertson, University of Alberta, Dec. 12, 1938-Sept. 11,\n1939.\nMiss Kathleen O'Callaghan, University of Alberta, June  1,   1939-Feb.  29,\n1940.\nMiss Edith Jeanne Crawford, University of Toronto, Feb. 1, 1939-Oct. 31,\n1939.\nMiss Barbara Bundy, Acadia University, Sept. 1, 1939-July 6, 1940.\nMiss Eileen May Price, University of Saskatchewan, Oct.  8,   1939-July 8,\n1940.\nMiss Ardyce Reynolds, University of Alberta, July 2,  1940-April 2,  1941.\n(Mrs. J. A. Syme.)\nMiss Isobel Chalmers, University of Manitoba. May 18, 1942-May 18, 1943.\nMiss Lavone Nerby, University of Saskatchewan, first to complete the one\nyear post-graduate course, May, 1942.\nMiss Dorothy Seaman, University of Saskatchewan, Aug. 4,  1941-Aug. 3,\n1942.\nMiss Maxine Ellis, University of Saskatchewan, Nov. 3, 1941-Nov. 3, 1942.\nMiss Margaret H. MacLean, University of Saskatchewan, April 1, 1940-Jan.\n1, 1941.\nMiss Jean M. Hamilton, University of Alberta, March  1,   1940-Nov.  30,\n1940.\nMiss Margaret H. Lawrence, University of Saskatchewan, Nov. 25,  1940-\nAug. 25, 1941.\nMiss Marjorie Eleanor Marter, University of Manitoba, Jan. 6, 1941-Oct. 6,\n1941.\nMiss Jean Oddie, University of Saskatchewan, Sept. 29, 1941-Sept. 29, 1942.\nMiss Audrey Eleanor Broatch, University of Saskatchewan, Sept.  14, 1942-\nJuly 19, 1943.\nMiss Grace Pierce, University of Saskatchewan, Oct. 9, 1942-Oct. 9, 1943.\nMiss Jean R. Black, University of Alberta, Sept., 1942-1943.\nMiss Margaret E. Brown, University of Saskatchewan, Aug. 7, 1943-1944.\nMiss Mary F. Weir, University of Alberta, June 7, 1942-1943.\nMiss Jean Edwards Mayhew, University of Toronto, March 31, 1944-April\n1, 1945.\nMiss Gladys Collicutt, University of Manitoba, Aug. 16, 1943-1944.\nMiss Myra Inkster, University of Manitoba, Oct. 20,  1943-1944.\nMiss Isabel Caswell, University of Manitoba, June 7, 1943-1944.\nMiss Patricia Helen Cochlan, University of Alberta,  1944-1945.\nMiss Bernice Butteris, University of Alberta, June 1, 1944-1945.\nMiss Isabel Ferguson, University of Manitoba, June 1, 1944-1945.\nMiss Eileen Marjorie Winters, University of Manitoba, Jan. 1945-1946.\nMiss  Florence  Euphemia  Mae McQueen,   University  of Washington,   Sept.\n1945-1946.\nMiss Agnes Lorna Akister, University of Saskatchewan, June 1945-1946.\nMiss Marvel Margaret Jacobs, University of Saskatchewan, Aug. 1945-1946.\nMiss E. Isabel Cooper, University of Alberta, April 5, 1935,-Sept. 21, 1935.\nMiss Muriel Macdonald, University of Alberta, July 1,  1945-1946.\nMiss  Bernice  Thordis  Norma  Dahl,   University  of  Saskatchewan,  July   1,\n1946-1947.\nMiss Lydia Marie Fahlman, University of Saskatchewan, Sept.  1946-1947.\nMiss Dorinne Shirley Berryhill, University of Manitoba, Aug. 1, 1946-1947.\nMiss Jakobina Margaret Bjarnarson, University of Manitoba, June 15, 1946-\n1947.\nMiss Ruth Janet Ruste, University of Alberta, June 1, 1946-1947.\nMiss Marion Constance Might, University of Alberta, Oct. 1, 1945-1946.\n152\n Miss Katherine A. Yuill, Macdonald College, Sept. 1946-1947.\nMiss Margaret Ellen Eley, University of Saskatchewan, Aug. 22, 1947-1948.\nMiss Julia Titof, University of Manitoba, Aug. 8, 1947-1948.\nMiss Lorraine Theresa Cantin, St. Francis Xavier University, Aug. 8, 1947-\n1948.\nMiss Ethel May Abrams, University of Saskatchewan, June 1, 1947-1948.\nMiss Georgia Kortes, University of Saskatchewan, Aug.  1,  1947-1948.\nMiss Mildred Doreen McRae, University of B.C., June 15,  1947-1948.\nMiss June McCutcheon. University of Alberta, Sept.  15,  1948-1949.\nMiss Vera Rose Pawlitza, University of Manitoba, June 15,  1948-1949.\nMiss Pierrette Forcier, University of Montreal, Aug. 8, 1948-1949.\nMiss Maria Castelli, University of Alberta, June 1, 1948-1949.\nMiss Doris Mary Bishop, University of B.C., July 15, 1948-1949.\nMiss Marjorie Mabel Sinclair, University of Alberta, July 1, 1948-1949.\nMiss Mona Jean Richie, University of Alberta, June 1, 1948-1949.\nMiss Marion Charlotte Dewar, University of Saskatchewan, Aug. 16, 1948-\n1949.\nMiss Evelyn Morrison, University of Saskatchewan, June 20, 1949-1950.\nMiss Laura Pearl Murray, University of Manitoba, Aug. 15;, 1949-1950.\nMiss Margaret Selena Spencer, University of Manitoba, June 2, 1949-1950.\nMiss Lorna Beryl Bell, University of Manitoba, June 15, 1949-1950.\nMiss Dorothy Jean MidkifF, University of Saskatchewan, May 31, 1949-1950.\nMiss Patricia Mary Lloyd, University of B.C.. Sept. 1, 1950-1951.\nMiss June Elizabeth Fraser, University of Alberta, June 1, 1950-1951.\nMiss Eleanor Joyce Blackhurst, University of Manitoba, July 1, 1950-1951.\nMiss Frances Wannamaker, University of Alberta, Sept. 15, 1950-1951.\nMiss Joyce Norma McCutcheon, University of Alberta, June 1, 1950-1951.\nMiss Shirley Maxine Alguire, University of Manitoba, Sept.  1,  1950-1951.\nMiss Elizabeth Rosemary Holmes, University of Toronto, Sept.  15,  1948-\n1949.\nMiss Gwenyth Julia Butt, Macdonald College, Sept. 1, 1951-1952.\nMiss Winnifred Ethel Wolstencroft, University of Manitoba, July 1,  1951-\n1952.\nMiss Louise Marie Beauchemin, University of Montreal, Sept. 1, 1951-1952.\nMiss Elizabeth Patricia Evenett, Macdonald College, July 1, 1951-1952.\nMiss Eleanor Ruth Bowes, University of B.C., June 15, 1951-1952.\nMiss Noreen Alice McCarthy, University of B.C., June 1, 1951-1952.\nMiss Monique Tessier, Laval University, September 1, 1952-1953.\nMiss Erica Brough Pepler, University of B.C., June 15, 1952-1953.\nMiss Wineva Sanderson, University of Manitoba, June 15, 1952-1953.\nMiss Jocelyn Somers, University of Manitoba, July 1,  1952-1953.\nMiss Mary Amelia Stephanie Notzel, University of B.C., Sept. 1, 1953-1954.\nMiss Margaret Joan Constable, University of B.C., Sept. 1, 1953-1954.\nMiss Joan Lillian Rogal, University of Saskatchewan, Aug. 1, 1953-1954.\nMiss Elizabeth May Mitchell, University of Alberta, July 1, 1953-1954.\nMiss Isabell Lillian Fairgrieve, University of Manitoba, June 1, 1952-1953.\nMiss Doreen A. Warren, University of B.C., Sept. 1, 1954-1955.\nMiss Catherine A. Munro, University of B.C., July 1,  1954-1955.\nMiss Vivian G. Chu, University of B.C., June 1, 1954-1955.\nMiss Doris M. Chin, Macdonald College, May 3, 1954-1955.\nMiss Gladys C. Krukowski, University of Alberta, Sept. 1, 1955-1956.\nMiss Shirley Ann Penosky, University of Alberta, June 1, 1956-1957.\nMiss Phyllis M. Wensink, University of B.C., June 1, 1956-1957.\nMiss Grace Loreen Bazley, University of Alberta, Sept. 1, 1956-1957.\nMiss Irene Matzen, University of B.C., Sept. 15, 1956-1957.\n153\n HEAD DIETITIANS\nMiss Baker.\nMiss Alberta SchaefFer.\nMiss Sally Getty.\nMiss Ethel L. Stibbards, Aug. 1934-Sept. 1938.\nMiss Elizabeth M. Lawson, Sept. 1938-May 31, 1951.\nMiss Christina M. Robertson, June I, 1951-.\nAPPENDIX XVII\nVOLUNTEER WORKERS' ORGANIZATIONS\nThe Ladies' Auxiliary Committee, 1892.\nThe Senior Women's Auxiliary.\nThe Junior Women's Auxiliary.\nThe Children's Ward Auxiliary\n(formerly the Daughters of Pity (founded 1898).\nVictoria Graduate Nurses' Association.\nThe Royal Jubilee Hospital Alumnae.\nGonzales Chapter I.O.D.E.\nFlorence Nightingale Chapter I.O.D.E.\nVictoria Women's Institute.\nEsquimalt Women's Institute.\nWomen's Canadian Club.\nFellowship Club.\nStarlets.\nVictoria Women's Club.\nEsquimalt Women's Club.\nAgenorian Club.\nThe Sugar Plum Girls.\nService Clubs\u2014\nRotary.\nKiwanis.\nCanadian Club.\nKinsmen.\nGyro.\nOptimists.\nEagles.\n154\n 1\nAPPENDIX XVIII\nMEMBERSHIP ROLL\nUnit No. 1 Women's Auxiliary to St. John Ambulance\nand\nJubilee Hospital Division No. 199 St. John Ambulance\nBrigade\u2014 1940 - 1945\nMrs. J. W. Anderson.\nMrs. Archbold.\nMrs. P. G. Barr.\nMrs. G. B. Barnes.\nMrs. Ballantyne.\nMiss Burnett.\nMrs. Lawrence Boyd.\nMiss Bette Bailey.\nMiss R. Bridgman (now Mrs. Michael Penn).\nMrs. P. E. Corby.\nMrs. Ashley Cooper.\nMrs. Dola Cavendish.\nMrs. Clyde Cousland.\nMrs. Davies.\nMrs. J. Dickson.\nMrs. F. E. Dowdall.\nMrs. Drage.\nMiss Roma Dorman (now Mrs. Baiss).\nMrs. J. V. Fisher.\nMrs. R. C. Farrow.\nMrs. J. Gray.\nMrs. A. Gillespie.\nMrs. E. P. Gillespie.\nMiss Rosanna Gillespie (now Mrs. H. Hammond).\nMiss Heather Gillespie (now Mrs. A. Pearn).\nMrs. Marjorie Hanson.\nMrs. W. B. Holms.\nMiss Moyra Hacklett.\nMrs. Basil Hood.\nMiss Jane Hutchings.\nMiss Margaret Izard.\nMiss Mildred Jones (now Mrs. M. G. Gillespie).\nMiss Peggy Jones (now Mrs. Poaps).\nMiss Joan King.\n155\nI\n Mrs. J. Impett. SI\nMrs. J. Laurie.\nMrs. W. B. Leach.\nMrs. C. E. Lewis.\nMiss Sage Ley (now Mrs. German).\nMrs. A. K. Love.\nMiss Moira May (now Mrs. Alan Statham).\nMrs. Morley.\nMiss Diana MacDowell (now Mrs. Currie Carmichael).\nMrs. J. R. Mclllree.\nMrs. McKenzie.\nMrs. Logan Mayhew.\nMrs. Matson (now Mrs. Rhys-Jones).\nMiss Elizabeth Martin (now Mrs. Barclay).\nMiss Joan Mills (now Mrs. Webber).\nMrs. John Moore, R.N. (Divisional Nursing Officer).\nMrs. H. M. Morton (now Mrs. Ely).\nMiss Barbara Muttlebury.\nMrs. Parizeau.\nMrs. Pfender (now Mrs. Meharey).\nMiss Patricia Pitts (now Mrs. J. Heald).\nMrs. Pritchard.\nMrs. Elizabeth Robertson.\nMiss Ann Ridewood (now Mrs. J. Lang).\nMiss Patricia Sprot.\nMiss Lola Smith.\nMrs. Smythies.\nMiss Kathleen Sheret.\nMrs. Diana Stokes.\nMiss Terise Todd.\nMrs. G. Tyson.\nMrs. Zillah Wood.\nMrs. A. H. Wyllie.\nMiss Elizabeth Woodward.\nMiss Rene Watson.\nMrs. Norman Yarrow.\nMiss Cynthia Yarrow (now Mrs. W. Pinckard).\nMiss Veryan Yarrow (now Mrs. H. Clarke).\nMrs. M. Wood.\nMiss Kathleen Scott.\nMiss Mary Young (now Mrs. W. C. Higgins).\n156\n APPENDIX XIX\nDIRECTORS \u2014 SOCIAL SERVICE\n1934-1935 Miss J. Hallet\n1935-1951 Miss Martha McBride, R.N.\n1945-1951 Miss Barbara Adams\nFirst qualified Social\nWorker on staff of R.J.H.\nFeb., 1951-June, 1952 Miss Hattie Staghall\n1952-1954 Mr. J. Thompson\n1954-1955  Mr. A. G. Gilmore\n1955 Miss Margaret E. Bradley, s.R.N., S.C.M., P.S.W.\nAPPENDIX XX\nVICTORIA CANCER CLINIC\nDr. N. S. Lockyer  Director\nDr. W. E. M. Mitchell President\nDr. S. Marinker  Secretary\nAdvisory Committee to The Victoria Cancer Clinic\nDr. H. M. Edmison Chairman\nGeorge Masters  Secretary\nDr. R. G. L. McNeely  Member\nDr. N. S. Lockyer Member\nDr. J. L. M. Anderson Member\nMrs. P. E. Corby Member\nK. W. L. Scace Member\n o\t\nAPPENDIX XXI\nOFFICERS OF THE AUXILIARIES \u2014 1956\nWomen's Auxiliary\nPresident Mrs. W. G. Thorpe\nSecretary Mrs. W. E. Speed\nJunior Women's Auxiliary\nPresident Miss Barbara Bullock-Webster\nSecretary Mrs. K. W. L. Scace\nChildren's Ward Auxiliary\nPresident Mrs. J. A. Church\nSecretary Mrs. V. Edward\n157\n INDEX\nAbbott, Dr. Maude   11\nActive Medical  Staff,   1956\u2014Appendix VIII 144ff\nAmerican College of Surgeons 49\u201451\nAngus, The Misses    50\nAsh, Dr     4\nAtchison, John  26\nBaillie, Dr. D. M   50\nBaker, E. Crow, M.P.    8, 56\nBarnard, Sir Frank   16\nBritish Columbia Cancer Clinic  5 0\nB.C. Forest Products  34\nBritish  Columbia  Hospital  Insurance Service  33,  35, 51\nBismarck, Prince Karl  59\nBossi, Carlo  8\nBooth, Charles  75\nBrown, G. H.   45\nBrown, Henry  8\nBullen, F.  8\nBurns, Robert, quoted  75\nByrnes, George  8\nCameron, Chief Justice 3\nCampbell, Alexander 5\nCanadian Association of Social\nWorkers 75\nCanadian Dietetic Association  70\nCanadian Pacific Railway 39,  77\nCary, George Hunter     2\nCatterall, Thomas 22\nChaucer, Geoffrey, quoted   62\nChudley, W.  8,   10,   13,   14\nClark, Sir James, quoted 68\nColeridge, Samuel Taylor, quoted 54\nCoodley, Dr. O. 49\nCousland, Dr. P. A. C.   50\nCrabbe, George, quoted  3 1\nCrease, Hon. Mr. Justice  8,   10,   13\nCridge, Mrs. Edward     4\nCridge, Rt. Reverend Edward     2\nCroghan, Miss Ethel J   41\nCubbe,  T.        8\nCurie-Pierre and Marie   57\nDalby,   William        8\nDallas  (H.B. Co.)      2\nDavie, Dr. J.   7,   13, 45\nDavies, Joshua ____8,   13,   18,  21,  79\nDay, Patience, quoted      2\nDepartment  of  Dietetics \u2014 Directors\u2014Appendix XVI  154\nDickson, Dr.     4\nDirectors,   1890-1956 \u2014 See Appendix No. 1  85ff\nDoig, David   36\nDouglas, Mrs. James .\nDrake, M. W. T\t\nDuck, Dr. C. W.\n  4\n   8, 12\n  49\nDunsmuir, Hon. Robert 8,  10,  13, 27\nDunsmuir Family   27\nDupont, Major  16\nEarle, Thomas   8\nEcclesiasticus, quoted  44, 66\nEhrlich, Paul   60\nElford, John P.  12\nEliot, George, quoted   30\nEllis, W. H.  (Colonist)  8\nEmerson, R. W., quoted  7\nEmployees' Association \u2014 Appendix XIV  150\n\"The Farm\"    16\nFell, James  8, 10,  13, 14, 34\nFenwick, E. Hurry, F.R.C.S.,\nquoted    55\nFinlayson, Roderick  8\nFrank, J. H  50\nFraser, Dr. Allan   34\nFrench Hospital .\u201e 3\nGarfield, James Abram, quoted  22\nGarner, Dr. R. O. R  34\nGideon Society  42\nGifford, J. W., quoted  55\nGovernment Federal ___.  35\nGovernment, Provincial\n 8, 27, 34, 35, 60, 151\nGraduates and Students in Dietetics\nAppendix XVI 15Iff\nGrant, John  8\nGraves, Joseph   57\nGreen, A. A.   8, 13\nHaggin, Dr. \t\nHamber, Hon. E. W\t\nHarris, Dennis\t\nHarrison, Hon. Eli, Jr \t\nHasell, Dr. E  38, 49, 56, 57,\nHayward, Charles  13, 34,\nHelmcken, Dr. J. S.\n  12, 18, 20, 21, 25,\nHelmcken,  Harry \t\nHelmcken, Mrs. H. Dallas ._._  15,\"\nHelmcken, H., Dallas \t\nHelmcken House \t\nHeisterman, H. F. \t\nHendrix, Andrew B. \t\n4\n28\nHenley, W. E., quotation\nHett, J. K.\nDouglas, Sir James .\n1,  78\nH.R.H.  The Duke of Connaught\nHiggins, D. W\t\nHippocrates,  quoted \t\n60\n45\n77\n12\n56\n45\n80\n8\n21\n68\n8\n13\n8\n53\n158\n Honour Roll, Graduates in Nursing\nWorld War I\u2014Appendix V 136ff\nHouse of Assembly    80\nHorn, Dr  60\nHospitals\u2014\nSt. Bartholomew's London    36\nCivic, Ottawa   53\nGeneral, St. John's, N.B.     19\nGeneral and Marine, St. Catharines ... -  19\nGeneral,\nKingston __.\nGeneral, Fredericton, N.B.   19\nGeneral, Montreal   19\nGeneral, Toronto   19\nGeneral,  Winnipeg   19\nGuy's, London   77\nKing's College   18\nSt. Luke's, New York  3\nNew England, Boston  19\nProvincial Royal Jubilee\u2014\nOrigin as Royal   2\nConstruction   3\nDevelopment    15 ff\nThe Royal Jubilee\u2014\nRecent Advances, Blood Bank  52\nPsychiatric Unit   29\nCentral Supply   29\nLouisa Todd Memorial  24\nEmergency Department  24\nPlasma Bank  52\nRehabilitation Centre   52\nPoison Centre  51\nAnnual Reports, quoted 72, 75\nFor Sick Children\u2014\nToronto  19\nSt. Boniface, Winnipeg  19\nSt. Joseph's, Victoria  18\nSt. Thomas'. London  19\nVancouver General  28\nHospital Employees* Association 5, 64\nHospital Sunday   3, 9, 10, 33\nHotel Empress  22\nHudson's Bay Company  78\nHutchison, Robert  24, 56\nInternes\u20141908-1956\u2014Appendix\nVII 14 Iff\nJackson, R. E. 8, 12\nJameson, R. J.  50\nJohnson, Edwin  8\nJohnson, Samuel, quoted  1\nJones, Dr. Aubrey  34\nJones, Dr. O. M.   45\nJones, Dr. W. Macnaughton  12\nKelley, Frank H. ___  24, 56\nKincaid, Dr. Frederick  34\nKinsman, J.  12\nKoch, Robert   59\nLabour, Canadian Congress   4\nLabour, Knights of    10, 23\nLaboratory Technology \u2014 Graduates\u2014Appendix XIII  149\nLaing, Gordon H., quoted  68\nLane, Dr. R. M.   34\nLangley, A. J.   8\nLarge, Rachel   81\nLarrey, French Surgeon  18\nLeopold,   Prince    68\nLePlay, P. G. E.   75\nLister, Joseph Lord  11\nLivingstone, Miss   71\nLoffler, Friedrich   59\nLong,  Dr.    60\nLong, Dr. Crawford Williamson-  68\nLongfellow, H. W., quoted  15\nLong Service Awards, see Appendix\nNo.  1    90, 91\nLyall, Sir Alfred Comyn, quoted  55\nLytton,   Edward   Bulyer    (Owen\nmeredith) , quoted  70\nMadeley, M. J  64\nMaintenance Department\u2014Appendix XIV  150\nMartin, Alexis   23\nMasters, George E.  36\nMay, Sir Henry  41\nMilne, Dr. G. L.  12\nMines,  Blue Bell,  Silver King,\nLe Roi   21\nMunro. D. R.  (C.P.R.)  8\nMunicipality of Oak Bay _  26\nMcBride, Sir Richard   24, 26\nMcCalmant, Miss  26\nMacdonald, Sir John A.  5\nMackenzie, Mrs. E. C.  42\nMcFarland, Joseph W       \u25a0 21\nMcKechnie, Dr. R. E.  45\nMcKelvie, B. A., quoted  79\nMcLean, Alex  _ 8, 10\nMcNeill, Dr. Mary   48\nMcQuade, E. A. 8, 13\nNapoleon I  18\nNational Conference of Social\nWork (U.S.)  75\nNelson, Hon. H.  8\nNelson. Mrs. H.   13\nNew Caledonia .__  1\nNew York Times, quoted  53\nNicholles, John  8\nNightingale, Florence   18, 39\nNunns, Ven. A. E. deL.  24\nNursing\u2014Directors, 1890-1956\u2014\nAppendix II  91\nOsier, Sir William, quoted  53\n159\n Pathological Department Directors,\n1890-1956\u2014Appendix XII ____149\nPathology\u2014Post Graduate Students\n\u2014Appendix XI    148\nParfitt Brothers   24\nPasteur,  Louis     11\nPearse, B. W.       8\nPemberton, A. F.       2\nPemberton, Hon. J. D.    21\nPemberton, Mrs. T. J. D.    21,  24\nPemberton, F. B   45\nPharmacists  and  Assistants,\n1926-1956\u2014Appendix XV 151\nPooley, C. E.      8\nPope, Alexander, quoted    55\nPost Graduate O.R. Technique,\n1951-1956\u2014Appendix   VL.__138ff\nPowell.  Dr.       4\nPrime, Miss Marguerite   10\nPrior, E. G.       8\nPrizes and Scholarships\u2014Appendix\nIII    92\nPublilius Syrus, quoted  66\nQueen Alexandria Solarium  34\nQueens University  53\nQueen Victoria  68\nRadiologists,  1899-195 6\u2014\nAppendix IX  147ff\nRadium   33,  57\nRattenbury, F. M. 22\nRedfern, C. F.    8,   13\nRed Cross of Canada      52\nRegistered  Nurses'   Association  of\nBritish Columbia   41\nResident Medical Officers and Medical Superintendents \u2014 Appendix\nVII      14 Off\nRichardson, Dr. W. A. ..._38, 44,  68\nRoentgenological Technique\u2014\nGraduates\u2014Appendix X  148\nRoyal College of Physicians and\nSurgeons  (Canada)    49,  61\nRobson, Hon. John    10\nRogers, Dr.  Herbert   49\nRontgen, William Konrad von  55\nRusk, Dr. H. A., quoted  53\nSay ward, Joseph   57\nSavward-Wilson, Mrs. M. L   58\nS.S.  Beaver     1,  78\nSchofield,  Right  Reverend Charles\nde Veber  27\nScott, Sir Walter, quoted   37\nService Clubs\u2014\nKinsmen    27\nKiwanis     27\nSexton, Most Reverend Harold E.   28\nShakespeare,  Noah        8\nShakespeare, William, quoted___-29,   55\nShears,  Walter   8\nSimpson, Sir James Young   68\nSmall Pox Epedemic, Victoria  17\nSmelters\u2014Pilot Bay, Hall Mining\nand Smelting, Trail        _ _ 21\nSmith, T. R.   (H.B. Co.)_   10, 34\nSocial  Service\u2014Directors,   1934-\n195 6\u2014Appendix XIX  157\nSouthwell, Robert, quoted  48\nSpencer,  William    24\nStevenson, R. L., quoted  7\nStrathcona, Lord    23, 25\nStrouss, M.   8\nSyme, J. A.   64\nTeague, John   22\nThe Harmonizer   64\nThe Vancouver Province, quoted__ 79\nThompson, Daniel    50\nThompson, Mrs. Kathleen M.    52\nTolmie, Mrs. S. F.   27\nTodd, Charles F.   24,  57\nTodd, J. H.       8\nTraining School for Nurses   18ff\nTraining School for Nurses\u2014\nGraduates,  1892-1956\u2014\nAppendix IV    93ff\nTrimble, Dr.   3,  4\nTrench, Hon. J., Lepoer  23\nTrutch, Hon. J. W   8,   10\nTurner, J. H.       8\nUnions\u2014\nBrotherhood of Painters, Decorators, etc., of America   64\nInternational Operating Engineers 64\nInternational Brotherhood of\nElectrical  Workers     64\nUniversity of Albany, New York _ 41\nUniversity of British .Columbia   17,  42\nVictoria Cancer Clinic  35\nAppendix XX 157\nVictoria, City of     18,   26\nVictoria Daily Colonist,\nquoted     7,   14\nVictoria Daily Times, quoted      8\nVirchow, Rudolf, quoted    59\nWomen's Volunteer Organizations\u2014\nAppendix XVII  I54ff\nAppendix XXI  __-157\nAgenorian Society   33\nDaughters of Pity   (now Children's Ward Auxiliary) 23,  57\nWomen's Auxiliary 22, 23, 25, 26\nJr. Women's Auxiliary 26, 57, 75\nBlue  Veils    73ff\n\"      \"    \u2014Appendix XVIII I55ff\nYates, John S 8,   10,   13,  45\nYoung, Hon. Dr. H. E \u2014-  25\n160\n     CENTENNIAL\n \/\"\nThe Author\u2014\nDR. H. H. MURPHY\nDr. H. H. Murphy was born in Ontario of Scottish-Irish\nparents. A graduate of McGill University in Arts (1902) and\nin Medicine (1904) he practised in Ontario for some years\nbefore undertaking post-graduate training in his profession in\nPhiladelphia, London and Edinburgh. He is a Fellow of The\nAmerican College of Surgeons and has been active in a number\nof Radiological and other medical organizations.\nHe came to British Columbia in 1912 and practised in\nKamloops before coming to Victoria as Director of the Department of Radiology of The Royal Jubilee Hospital in 1931.\nHe continued in this position until his retirement in  1951.\nHJ\n","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2009\/08\/skos-reference\/skos.html#note","classmap":"oc:AnnotationContainer"},"iri":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2009\/08\/skos-reference\/skos.html#note","explain":"Simple Knowledge Organisation System; Notes are used to provide information relating to SKOS concepts. 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Chung and Madeline H. Chung Collection","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2009\/08\/skos-reference\/skos.html#note","classmap":"skos:Concept","property":"skos:note"},"iri":"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2009\/08\/skos-reference\/skos.html#note","explain":"Simple Knowledge Organisation System; Notes are used to provide information relating to SKOS concepts. 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Ltd.","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/publisher","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:publisher"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/publisher","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; An entity responsible for making the resource available.; Examples of a Publisher include a person, an organization, or a service."}],"Rights":[{"label":"Rights","value":"Images provided for research and reference use only. 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Rare Books and Special Collections. WX28.DC2.2 V4 R6 M8 1958","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/source","classmap":"oc:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:source"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/source","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; A related resource from which the described resource is derived.; The described resource may be derived from the related resource in whole or in part. Recommended best practice is to identify the related resource by means of a string conforming to a formal identification system."}],"Subject":[{"label":"Subject","value":"Royal Jubilee Hospital (Victoria, B.C.)","attrs":{"lang":"en","ns":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/subject","classmap":"dpla:SourceResource","property":"dcterms:subject"},"iri":"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/subject","explain":"A Dublin Core Terms Property; The topic of the resource.; Typically, the subject will be represented using keywords, key phrases, or classification codes. 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